zьrno

zь̀rno (canonical neuter)
zь̀rno (nominative singular)
zь̀rně (dual nominative)
zь̀rna (nominative plural)
zь̀rna (genitive singular)
zь̀rnu (dual genitive)
zь̀rnъ (genitive plural)
zь̀rnu (dative singular)
zь̀rnoma (dative dual)
zь̀rnomъ (dative plural)
zь̀rno (accusative singular)
zь̀rně (accusative dual)
zь̀rna (accusative plural)
zь̀rnъmь (instrumental singular)
zь̀rnomь (instrumental singular)
zь̀rnoma (dual instrumental)
zь̀rnȳ (instrumental plural)
zь̀rně (locative singular)
zь̀rnu (dual locative)
zь̀rně̄xъ (locative plural)
zь̀rno (singular vocative)
zь̀rně (dual vocative)
zь̀rna (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: зьрно (zĭrno)

Belarusian: зе́рне (zjérnje)

Russian: зерно́ (zernó)

Ukrainian: зерно́ (zernó)

Carpathian Rusyn: зерно (zerno)

South-Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: зрьно (zrĭno)

Glagolitic script: ⰸⱃⱐⱀⱁ (zrĭno)

Bulgarian: зърно́ (zǎrnó)

Macedonian: зрно (zrno)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: зр̏но

Latin script: zȑno

Slovene: zŕno

Rovte dialect (Črni vrh, Idrija): zdḁ̏rn̥

West-Slavic:

Old Czech: zrno

Czech: zrno

Bohemian (Chod dialect): zrno

Kashubian: zôrno

Polabian: źornü

Polish: ziarno

Slovak: zrno

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: zerno

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *źírˀna, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵr̥h₂nóm. Cognate with Latvian zirnis (“pea”), Lithuanian žirnis (“pea”).


ogňь

ògňь (canonical masculine)
ògňь (nominative singular)
ogňì (dual nominative)
ògňьjē (nominative plural)
ògňi (genitive singular)
ògňьju (dual genitive)
ogňь̀jь (genitive plural)
ogňì (dative singular)
ògňьma (dative dual)
ogňь̀mъ (dative plural)
ògňь (accusative singular)
ogňì (accusative dual)
ogňì (accusative plural)
ogňь̀mь (instrumental singular)
ògňьma (dual instrumental)
ògňьmī (instrumental plural)
ògňi (locative singular)
ògňьju (dual locative)
ogňь̀xъ (locative plural)
ogňi (singular vocative)
ogňì (dual vocative)
ògňьjē (plural vocative)
ògňь (nominative singular)
ogňà (dual nominative)
ogňì (nominative plural)
ogňà (genitive singular)
ogňù (dual genitive)
ògňь (genitive plural)
ogňù (dative singular)
ogňèma (dative dual)
ògňemъ (dative plural)
ògňь (accusative singular)
ogňà (accusative dual)
ogňę̇̀ (accusative plural)
ogňь̀mь (instrumental singular)
ogňèmь (instrumental singular)
ogňèma (dual instrumental)
ògňi (instrumental plural)
ogňì (locative singular)
ogňù (dual locative)
ògňixъ (locative plural)
ogňu (singular vocative)
ogňà (dual vocative)
ogňì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: огнь (ognĭ)
Old Ruthenian: о́гнь (óhnʹ), ого́нь (ohónʹ), оге́нь (ohénʹ)
Belarusian: аго́нь (ahónʹ)
Carpathian Rusyn: оге́нь (ohénʹ)
Ukrainian: вого́нь (vohónʹ); ого́нь (ohónʹ) (dialectal)
Russian: ого́нь (ogónʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⱁⰳⱀⱐ (ognĭ)

desc

Old Cyrillic script: огн҄ь (ognʹĭ) (jo-stem), огнь (ognĭ) (i-stem)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̀гањ

Latin script: òganj

Slovene: ógənj (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: oheň
Czech: oheň

Polabian: viďėn

desctree

Old Polish: ogień
Polish: ogień
Silesian: ôgyń

Old Slovak: oheň
Pannonian Rusyn: огень (ohenʹ)
Slovak: oheň

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: òdżin

Slovincian: wôgjeń

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: woheń

Lower Sorbian: wogeń

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *úngnis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥gʷnís. Cognate with Lithuanian ugnis, Sanskrit अग्नि (agní), Latin ignis.
According to Kortlandt *ogňь reflects a Balto-Slavic noun *ungnis in which the *-ngn- cluster blocked the operation of Winter's law. The sequence *un was lowered to *on before a tautosyllabic stop, with subsequent loss of the nasal as a result of dissimilation (as in *voda (“water”)). The expected reflex of Winter's law with a long vowel (Balto-Slavic */ū/ > Proto-Slavic */y/) is found in *vygъňь, *vygъňa (“forge”).


dymъ

dỳmъ (canonical masculine)
dỳmъ (nominative singular)
dỳma (dual nominative)
dỳmi (nominative plural)
dỳma (genitive singular)
dỳmu (dual genitive)
dỳmъ (genitive plural)
dỳmu (dative singular)
dỳmoma (dative dual)
dỳmomъ (dative plural)
dỳmъ (accusative singular)
dỳma (accusative dual)
dỳmy (accusative plural)
dỳmъmь (instrumental singular)
dỳmomь (instrumental singular)
dỳmoma (dual instrumental)
dỳmȳ (instrumental plural)
dỳmě (locative singular)
dỳmu (dual locative)
dỳmě̄xъ (locative plural)
dỳme (singular vocative)
dỳma (dual vocative)
dỳmi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дꙑмъ (dymŭ)

Belarusian: дым (dym)

Russian: дым (dym)

Ukrainian: дим (dym)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: дꙑмъ (dymŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰴⱏⰹⰿⱏ (dymŭ)

Bulgarian: дим (dim)

Macedonian: дим (dim)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ди̏м

Latin script: dȉm

Slovene: dȉm (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dým

Czech: dým

Polabian: dåim

Polish: dym

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: dim

Slovincian: dym

Old Slovak: dym

Pannonian Rusyn: дим (dim)

Slovak: dym

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: dym

Lower Sorbian: dym

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *dū́ˀmas, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós.


starъ

stàrъ (canonical)
starějь (comparative)
starъ (masculine nominative singular)
stara (feminine nominative singular)
staro (neuter nominative singular)
stara (genitive masculine singular)
stary (feminine genitive singular)
stara (genitive neuter singular)
staru (dative masculine singular)
starě (dative feminine singular)
staru (dative neuter singular)
starъ (accusative masculine singular)
starǫ (accusative feminine singular)
staro (accusative neuter singular)
staromь (instrumental masculine singular)
starojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
staromь (instrumental neuter singular)
starě (locative masculine singular)
starě (feminine locative singular)
starě (locative neuter singular)
stare (masculine singular vocative)
staro (feminine singular vocative)
staro (neuter singular vocative)
stara (dual masculine nominative)
starě (dual feminine nominative)
starě (dual neuter nominative)
staru (dual genitive masculine)
staru (dual feminine genitive)
staru (dual genitive neuter)
staroma (dative dual masculine)
starama (dative dual feminine)
staroma (dative dual neuter)
stara (accusative dual masculine)
starě (accusative dual feminine)
starě (accusative dual neuter)
staroma (dual instrumental masculine)
starama (dual feminine instrumental)
staroma (dual instrumental neuter)
staru (dual locative masculine)
staru (dual feminine locative)
staru (dual locative neuter)
stara (dual masculine vocative)
starě (dual feminine vocative)
starě (dual neuter vocative)
stari (masculine nominative plural)
stary (feminine nominative plural)
stara (neuter nominative plural)
starъ (genitive masculine plural)
starъ (feminine genitive plural)
starъ (genitive neuter plural)
staromъ (dative masculine plural)
staramъ (dative feminine plural)
staromъ (dative neuter plural)
stary (accusative masculine plural)
stary (accusative feminine plural)
stara (accusative neuter plural)
stary (instrumental masculine plural)
starami (feminine instrumental plural)
stary (instrumental neuter plural)
starěxъ (locative masculine plural)
staraxъ (feminine locative plural)
starěxъ (locative neuter plural)
stari (masculine plural vocative)
stary (feminine plural vocative)
stara (neuter plural vocative)
starъjь (masculine nominative singular)
staraja (feminine nominative singular)
staroje (neuter nominative singular)
starajego (genitive masculine singular)
staryję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
starajego (genitive neuter singular)
starujemu (dative masculine singular)
starěji (dative feminine singular)
starujemu (dative neuter singular)
starъjь (accusative masculine singular)
starǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
staroje (accusative neuter singular)
staryjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
starǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
staryjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
starějemь (locative masculine singular)
starěji (feminine locative singular)
starějemь (locative neuter singular)
starъjь (masculine singular vocative)
staraja (feminine singular vocative)
staroje (neuter singular vocative)
staraja (dual masculine nominative)
starěji (dual feminine nominative)
starěji (dual neuter nominative)
staruju (dual genitive masculine)
staruju (dual feminine genitive)
staruju (dual genitive neuter)
staryjima (dative dual masculine)
staryjima (dative dual feminine)
staryjima (dative dual neuter)
staraja (accusative dual masculine)
starěji (accusative dual feminine)
starěji (accusative dual neuter)
staryjima (dual instrumental masculine)
staryjima (dual feminine instrumental)
staryjima (dual instrumental neuter)
staruju (dual locative masculine)
staruju (dual feminine locative)
staruju (dual locative neuter)
staraja (dual masculine vocative)
starěji (dual feminine vocative)
starěji (dual neuter vocative)
stariji (masculine nominative plural)
staryję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
staraja (neuter nominative plural)
starъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
starъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
starъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
staryjimъ (dative masculine plural)
staryjimъ (dative feminine plural)
staryjimъ (dative neuter plural)
staryję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
staryję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
staraja (accusative neuter plural)
staryjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
staryjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
staryjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
staryjixъ (locative masculine plural)
staryjixъ (feminine locative plural)
staryjixъ (locative neuter plural)
stariji (masculine plural vocative)
staryję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
staraja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: старъ (starŭ)

Belarusian: стары́ (starý)

Russian: ста́рый (stáryj)

Carpathian Rusyn: стары́й (starŷ́j)

Ukrainian: стари́й (starýj)

Old Novgorodian: старе (stare)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: старъ (starŭ)

Glagolitic: ⱄⱅⰰⱃⱏ (starŭ)

Bulgarian: стар (star)

Macedonian: стар (star)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ста̏р

Latin script: stȁr

Slovene: stȁr (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: starý
Czech: starý

desctree

Old Polish: stary
Polish: stary, story (Southern Greater Poland)
Silesian: stary

Slovak: starý

Polabian: storĕ

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: stôri

Slovincian: story

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: stary

Lower Sorbian: stary

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *stāˀras, from Proto-Indo-European *sth₂-ró-s. Morphologically *stati + *-rъ.
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian stóras (“thick, fat”).
Indo-European cognates include Proto-Germanic *stōraz, Sanskrit स्थिर (sthira).


mǫžь

mǫ̑žь (canonical masculine)
mǫ̑žь (nominative singular)
mǫ̑ža (dual nominative)
mǫ̑ži (nominative plural)
mǫ̑ža (genitive singular)
mǫžù (dual genitive)
mǫ̃žь (genitive plural)
mǫ̑žu (dative singular)
mǫžemà (dative dual)
mǫžèmъ (dative plural)
mǫ̑žь (accusative singular)
mǫ̑ža (accusative dual)
mǫ̑žę̇ (accusative plural)
mǫ̑žьmь (instrumental singular)
mǫ̑žemь (instrumental singular)
mǫžemà (dual instrumental)
mǫží (instrumental plural)
mǫ̑ži (locative singular)
mǫžù (dual locative)
mǫžĩxъ (locative plural)
mǫžu (singular vocative)
mǫ̑ža (dual vocative)
mǫ̑ži (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мѫжь (mǫžĭ), мужь (mužĭ)
Old Ruthenian: мужъ (muž)
Belarusian: муж (muž)
Carpathian Rusyn: муж (muž)
Ukrainian: муж (muž)
Russian: муж (muž)

desc

Old Novgorodian: мѫжь (mǫžĭ), моужь (mužĭ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: мѫжь (mǫžĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰿⱘⰶⱐ (mǫžĭ)

Macedonian: маж (maž)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: му̑ж

Latin script: mȗž

Slovene: mọ̑ž (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: mąż

Old Czech: muž
Czech: muž

desctree

Old Polish: mąż
Polish: mąż
Silesian: mōnż

Old Slovak: muž

Slovak: muž

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: muž

Lower Sorbian: muž

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *mangjás, from Proto-Indo-European *mon-.

ętry

sister-in-law (husband's brother's wife)


mǫžь

mǫžь (masculine nominative singular)
mǫža (feminine nominative singular)
mǫže (neuter nominative singular)
mǫža (genitive masculine singular)
mǫžę̇ (feminine genitive singular)
mǫža (genitive neuter singular)
mǫžu (dative masculine singular)
mǫži (dative feminine singular)
mǫžu (dative neuter singular)
mǫžь (accusative masculine singular)
mǫžǫ (accusative feminine singular)
mǫže (accusative neuter singular)
mǫžemь (instrumental masculine singular)
mǫžejǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
mǫžemь (instrumental neuter singular)
mǫži (locative masculine singular)
mǫži (feminine locative singular)
mǫži (locative neuter singular)
mǫžu (masculine singular vocative)
mǫže (feminine singular vocative)
mǫže (neuter singular vocative)
mǫža (dual masculine nominative)
mǫži (dual feminine nominative)
mǫži (dual neuter nominative)
mǫžu (dual genitive masculine)
mǫžu (dual feminine genitive)
mǫžu (dual genitive neuter)
mǫžema (dative dual masculine)
mǫžama (dative dual feminine)
mǫžema (dative dual neuter)
mǫža (accusative dual masculine)
mǫži (accusative dual feminine)
mǫži (accusative dual neuter)
mǫžema (dual instrumental masculine)
mǫžama (dual feminine instrumental)
mǫžema (dual instrumental neuter)
mǫžu (dual locative masculine)
mǫžu (dual feminine locative)
mǫžu (dual locative neuter)
mǫža (dual masculine vocative)
mǫži (dual feminine vocative)
mǫži (dual neuter vocative)
mǫži (masculine nominative plural)
mǫžę̇ (feminine nominative plural)
mǫža (neuter nominative plural)
mǫžь (genitive masculine plural)
mǫžь (feminine genitive plural)
mǫžь (genitive neuter plural)
mǫžemъ (dative masculine plural)
mǫžamъ (dative feminine plural)
mǫžemъ (dative neuter plural)
mǫžę̇ (accusative masculine plural)
mǫžę̇ (accusative feminine plural)
mǫža (accusative neuter plural)
mǫži (instrumental masculine plural)
mǫžami (feminine instrumental plural)
mǫži (instrumental neuter plural)
mǫžixъ (locative masculine plural)
mǫžaxъ (feminine locative plural)
mǫžixъ (locative neuter plural)
mǫži (masculine plural vocative)
mǫžę̇ (feminine plural vocative)
mǫža (neuter plural vocative)
mǫžьjь (masculine nominative singular)
mǫžaja (feminine nominative singular)
mǫžeje (neuter nominative singular)
mǫžajego (genitive masculine singular)
mǫžę̇ję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
mǫžajego (genitive neuter singular)
mǫžujemu (dative masculine singular)
mǫžiji (dative feminine singular)
mǫžujemu (dative neuter singular)
mǫžьjь (accusative masculine singular)
mǫžǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
mǫžeje (accusative neuter singular)
mǫžijimь (instrumental masculine singular)
mǫžǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
mǫžijimь (instrumental neuter singular)
mǫžijemь (locative masculine singular)
mǫžiji (feminine locative singular)
mǫžijemь (locative neuter singular)
mǫžьjь (masculine singular vocative)
mǫžaja (feminine singular vocative)
mǫžeje (neuter singular vocative)
mǫžaja (dual masculine nominative)
mǫžiji (dual feminine nominative)
mǫžiji (dual neuter nominative)
mǫžuju (dual genitive masculine)
mǫžuju (dual feminine genitive)
mǫžuju (dual genitive neuter)
mǫžijima (dative dual masculine)
mǫžijima (dative dual feminine)
mǫžijima (dative dual neuter)
mǫžaja (accusative dual masculine)
mǫžiji (accusative dual feminine)
mǫžiji (accusative dual neuter)
mǫžijima (dual instrumental masculine)
mǫžijima (dual feminine instrumental)
mǫžijima (dual instrumental neuter)
mǫžuju (dual locative masculine)
mǫžuju (dual feminine locative)
mǫžuju (dual locative neuter)
mǫžaja (dual masculine vocative)
mǫžiji (dual feminine vocative)
mǫžiji (dual neuter vocative)
mǫžiji (masculine nominative plural)
mǫžę̇ję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
mǫžaja (neuter nominative plural)
mǫžьjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
mǫžьjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
mǫžьjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
mǫžijimъ (dative masculine plural)
mǫžijimъ (dative feminine plural)
mǫžijimъ (dative neuter plural)
mǫžę̇ję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
mǫžę̇ję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
mǫžaja (accusative neuter plural)
mǫžijimi (instrumental masculine plural)
mǫžijimi (feminine instrumental plural)
mǫžijimi (instrumental neuter plural)
mǫžijixъ (locative masculine plural)
mǫžijixъ (feminine locative plural)
mǫžijixъ (locative neuter plural)
mǫžiji (masculine plural vocative)
mǫžę̇ję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
mǫžaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *мѫжь (*mǫžĭ)

Old Ruthenian: му́жїй (múžij)

Russian: му́жий (múžij) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: muží


kostь

kȍstь (canonical feminine)
kȍstь (nominative singular)
kȍsti (dual nominative)
kȍsti (nominative plural)
kostí (genitive singular)
kostьjù (dual genitive)
kostь̀jь (genitive plural)
kȍsti (dative singular)
kostьmà (dative dual)
kȍstьmъ (dative plural)
kȍstь (accusative singular)
kȍsti (accusative dual)
kȍsti (accusative plural)
kostьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
kostьmà (dual instrumental)
kostьmì (instrumental plural)
kostí (locative singular)
kostьjù (dual locative)
kȍstьxъ (locative plural)
kosti (singular vocative)
kȍsti (dual vocative)
kȍsti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кость (kostĭ)

Old Ruthenian: кость (kostʹ)

Middle Belarusian: косць (koscʹ)

Belarusian: косць (koscʹ)

desc

Carpathian Rusyn: кость (kostʹ), кість (kistʹ)

Ukrainian: кість (kistʹ)

Russian: кость (kostʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⰽⱁⱄⱅⱐ (kostĭ)

Old Cyrillic script: кость (kostĭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ко̑ст

Latin script: kȏst

Slovene: kọ̑st (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kost
Czech: kost

desctree

Old Polish: kość
Polish: kość
Silesian: kość

Old Slovak: kosť
Pannonian Rusyn: косц (kosc)
Slovak: kosť

Polabian: ťüst

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: (rare) kòsc

Slovincian: kôsc

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: kósć

Upper Sorbian: kósć

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *kost-der.
Proto-Slavic *kostь
From Proto-Indo-European *kost-, supposedly connected with *h₃ost-. Compare Latin costa (“rib”).
Melnichuk prefers to derive this word from Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to cut”) with semantic development ‘stabbed corpse’ > ‘dead body’ > ‘remnants’ > ‘bones’.


gostь

gȍstь (canonical masculine)
gȍstь (nominative singular)
gȍsti (dual nominative)
gȍstьjē (nominative plural)
gostí (genitive singular)
gostьjù (dual genitive)
gostь̀jь (genitive plural)
gȍsti (dative singular)
gostьmà (dative dual)
gȍstьmъ (dative plural)
gȍstь (accusative singular)
gȍsti (accusative dual)
gȍsti (accusative plural)
gȍstьmь (instrumental singular)
gostьmà (dual instrumental)
gostьmì (instrumental plural)
gostí (locative singular)
gostьjù (dual locative)
gȍstьxъ (locative plural)
gosti (singular vocative)
gȍsti (dual vocative)
gȍstьjē (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гость (gostĭ)

Old Ruthenian: гость (hostʹ)

Belarusian: госць (hoscʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: гость (hostʹ)

Ukrainian: гість (histʹ)

Russian: гость (gostʹ)

Old Novgorodian: гость (gostĭ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: гость (gostĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰳⱁⱄⱅⱐ (gostĭ)

Bulgarian: гост (gost)

Macedonian: гост (gost)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: го̑ст

Latin script: gȏst

Slovene: gȍst (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: host
Czech: host

desctree

Old Polish: gość
Polish: gość
Silesian: gość

Old Slovak: hosť
Pannonian Rusyn: госц (hosc)
Slovak: hosť

Polabian: ďüst

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: gòsc

Slovincian: gôsc

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: gósć

Upper Sorbian: hósć

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gastis, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstis. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *gastiz and Latgalian gosts.


uxo

ȗxo (canonical neuter)
ȗxo (nominative singular)
ȗšesi (dual nominative)
ušesà (nominative plural)
ȗšese (genitive singular)
ušesù (dual genitive)
ušèsъ (genitive plural)
ȗšesi (dative singular)
ušesьmà (dative dual)
ušèsьmъ (dative plural)
ȗxo (accusative singular)
ȗšesi (accusative dual)
ušesà (accusative plural)
ȗšesьmь (instrumental singular)
ušesьmà (dual instrumental)
ušesý (instrumental plural)
ȗšese (locative singular)
ušesù (dual locative)
ušèsьxъ (locative plural)
ȗxo (singular vocative)
ȗšesi (dual vocative)
ušesà (plural vocative)
ȗxo (nominative singular)
ȗśě (dual nominative)
uxà (nominative plural)
ȗxa (genitive singular)
uxù (dual genitive)
ũxъ (genitive plural)
ȗxu (dative singular)
uxomà (dative dual)
uxòmъ (dative plural)
ȗxo (accusative singular)
ȗśě (accusative dual)
uxà (accusative plural)
ȗxъmь (instrumental singular)
ȗxomь (instrumental singular)
uxomà (dual instrumental)
uxý (instrumental plural)
ȗśě (locative singular)
uxù (dual locative)
uśě̃xъ (locative plural)
ȗxo (singular vocative)
ȗśě (dual vocative)
uxà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ухо (uxo)

Old Ruthenian: у́хо (úxo), ву́хо (vúxo)

Belarusian: ву́ха (vúxa)

Carpathian Rusyn: у́хо (úxo), ву́хо (vúxo)

Ukrainian: ву́хо (vúxo)

Russian: у́хо (úxo)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: оухо (uxo)

Glagolitic script: [Term?]

Bulgarian: ухо́ (uhó)

Macedonian: уво (uvo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: у̏хо, у̏во

Latin script: ȕho, ȕvo

Slovene: uhọ̑ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic

Old Czech: ucho
Czech: ucho

Old Polish: ucho
Polish: ucho
Silesian: ucho

Old Slovak: ucho
Pannonian Rusyn: ухо (uxo)
Slovak: ucho

Polabian: vaux’ü

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: ùchò

Slovincian: wùchô

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wucho

Lower Sorbian: wucho

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *auś- (or possibly *auśi-, if reconstructed as an i-stem), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ṓws. Cognate with Lithuanian ausis, Latvian auss, Old Prussian ausins (accusative plural).


dьnь

dь̏nь (canonical masculine)
dьnь (nominative singular)
dьni (dual nominative)
dьne (nominative plural)
dьnь (accusative singular)
dьni (accusative dual)
dьni (accusative plural)
dьne (genitive singular)
dьnu (dual genitive)
dьnъ (genitive plural)
dьne (locative singular)
dьnu (dual locative)
dьnьxъ (locative plural)
dьni (dative singular)
dьnьma (dative dual)
dьnьmъ (dative plural)
dьnьmь (instrumental singular)
dьnьma (dual instrumental)
dьnьmi (instrumental plural)
dьnь (singular vocative)
dьni (dual vocative)
dьne (plural vocative)

sla-decl-noun-table

*dьnь (irregular n-stem)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: дьнь (dĭnĭ)
Old Ruthenian: день (denʹ)
Belarusian: дзень (dzjenʹ)
Carpathian Rusyn: день (denʹ), динь (dynʹ) (Lemko), ден (den)
Ukrainian: день (denʹ)
Russian: день (denʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: дьнь (dĭnĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰴⱐⱀⱐ (dĭnĭ)

Bulgarian: ден (den), дън (dǎn)

Macedonian: ден (den)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: да̑н

Latin script: dȃn

Slovene: dȃn, dȇn (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: den
Czech: den

Old Polish: dzień
Polish: dzień
Silesian: dziyń

Polabian: dan

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: dzéń

Slovincian: dzeń

Old Slovak: deň

Pannonian Rusyn: дзень (dzenʹ)

Slovak: deň

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: dźeń

Lower Sorbian: źeń

(Schleifer dialect): dźeń

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dein-/*din-, from Proto-Indo-European (see *dyew- (“to shine”)):
* Derksen: *d(e)y-n-
* Černyx: PIE stem in -en : *deyen-, with thematic vowel *deyn-o- : *din-o- (“day”), root *dey(ə)- : *di- (“to shine”)
* ЭССЯ: *din-, from *di-/*dey- (“to shine”) + *-n-
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian dienà (“day”), Latvian dìena (“day”), Old Prussian dēinā (“day”) (Asg. deinan).
Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit दिन (dina, “day”), Latin nun-dina (“market day”), Old Irish denus (“spatium temporis”), Proto-Germanic *tīnaz (“day”), Albanian ditë (“day”) (< *din-të). From the *dyew- root, Latin diēs (“day”), Old Irish die (“day”), Old Armenian տիւ (tiw, “day, daytime”), Albanian di.


ledъ

lȅdъ (canonical masculine)
lȅdъ (nominative singular)
lȅdy (dual nominative)
lȅdove (nominative plural)
lȅdu (genitive singular)
ledovù (dual genitive)
ledòvъ (genitive plural)
lȅdovi (dative singular)
ledъmà (dative dual)
lȅdъmъ (dative plural)
lȅdъ (accusative singular)
lȅdy (accusative dual)
lȅdy (accusative plural)
lȅdъmь (instrumental singular)
ledъmà (dual instrumental)
ledъmì (instrumental plural)
ledú (locative singular)
ledovù (dual locative)
lȅdъxъ (locative plural)
ledu (singular vocative)
lȅdy (dual vocative)
lȅdove (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ледъ (ledŭ)

Belarusian: лёд (ljod)

Russian: лёд (ljod)

Carpathian Rusyn: лед (led)

Ukrainian: лід (lid)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: лед (led)

Macedonian: лед (led)

Old Church Slavonic: ледъ (ledŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ле̑д

Latin script: lȇd

Slovene: lẹ̑d (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: led

Czech: led

Knaanic: לוד (lod), ליד (lid)

Polish: lód

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: lód

Silesian: lōd

Old Slovak: ľad

Pannonian Rusyn: ляд (ljad)

Slovak: ľad

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: lod

Upper Sorbian: lód


ǫgľь

ǫ̀glь (canonical masculine)
ǫ̀glь (nominative singular)
ǫ̀gli (dual nominative)
ǫ̀glьjē (nominative plural)
ǫ̀glī (genitive singular)
ǫ̀glьju (dual genitive)
ǫ̀glьjь (genitive plural)
ǫ̀gli (dative singular)
ǫ̀glьma (dative dual)
ǫ̀glьmъ (dative plural)
ǫ̀glь (accusative singular)
ǫ̀gli (accusative dual)
ǫ̀gli (accusative plural)
ǫ̀glьmь (instrumental singular)
ǫ̀glьma (dual instrumental)
ǫ̀glьmī (instrumental plural)
ǫ̀glī (locative singular)
ǫ̀glьju (dual locative)
ǫ̀glьxъ (locative plural)
ǫgli (singular vocative)
ǫ̀gli (dual vocative)
ǫ̀glьjē (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ву́галь (vúhalʹ)

Russian: у́голь (úgolʹ), угль (uglʹ)

desc

Ukrainian: ву́гіль (vúhilʹ), вугі́лля (vuhíllja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: ѫгль (ǫglĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱘⰳⰾⱐ (ǫglĭ)

Bulgarian: въ́глен (vǎ́glen), въ́нгил (vǎ́ngil), въ́нглин (vǎ́nglin), въ́гъл (vǎ́gǎl) (dated), я́глен (jáglen) (dialectal), у́глен (úglen) (dialectal)

Macedonian: јаглен (jaglen)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: у̏гаљ, у̏гље̄н

Latin script: ȕgalj, ȕgljēn

Slovene: ọ̄gəł (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: wãdżel

Czech: uhel, uhlí

desctree

Old Polish: węgiel, (alternative reading) wągiel, wągl
Polish: węgiel, węgło (Przemyśl)
Silesian: wōngel, wōngiel, wůngel (Steuer's Silesian Alphabet)

desc

Old Slovak: uheľ, uhle, uhlia, uhlie, uhlí, uhoľ

Pannonian Rusyn: угель (uhelʹ), углє (uhlje)

Slovak: uhlie

Polabian: vǫďėl

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wuhlo

Lower Sorbian: wugel

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ánˀglis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óngʷl̥ (“charcoal”). The PIE noun, a consonant-stem (whence later i-stem and o-stem derivations in the daughters), was likely a derivative of *h₁n̥gʷnis (“fire”), whence also Proto-Slavic *ogňь.


vьlna

vь̀lna (canonical feminine)
vь̀lna (nominative singular)
vь̀lně (dual nominative)
vь̀lny (nominative plural)
vь̀lny (genitive singular)
vь̀lnu (dual genitive)
vь̀lnъ (genitive plural)
vь̀lně (dative singular)
vь̀lnama (dative dual)
vь̀lnamъ (dative plural)
vь̀lnǫ (accusative singular)
vь̀lně (accusative dual)
vь̀lny (accusative plural)
vь̀lnojǫ (instrumental singular)
vь̀lnǭ (instrumental singular)
vь̀lnama (dual instrumental)
vь̀lnamī (instrumental plural)
vь̀lně (locative singular)
vь̀lnu (dual locative)
vь̀lnasъ (locative plural)
vь̀lnaxъ (locative plural)
vь̀lno (singular vocative)
vь̀lně (dual vocative)
vь̀lny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вълна (vŭlna)

Old Ruthenian: волна (volna)

Belarusian: во́ўна (vóŭna)

Ukrainian: во́вна (vóvna)

Russian: во́лна (vólna)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: вльна (vlĭna)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⰾⱐⱀⰰ (vlĭna)

Bulgarian: въ́лна (vǎ́lna)

Macedonian: волна (volna)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ву̏на

Latin script: vȕna

Slovene: vółna (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vlna

Czech: vlna

Kashubian: wôłna

Polabian: våuno, vuno

Old Polish: wełna

Polish: wełna

Slovak: vlna

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wołma

Lower Sorbian: wałma

(Schleifer dialect): wełma

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wílˀnāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂.


vьlna

vьlnà (canonical feminine)
vьlnà (nominative singular)
vь̑lně (dual nominative)
vь̑lny (nominative plural)
vьlný (genitive singular)
vьlnù (dual genitive)
vь̃lnъ (genitive plural)
vьlně̀ (dative singular)
vьlnàma (dative dual)
vьlnàmъ (dative plural)
vь̑lnǫ (accusative singular)
vь̑lně (accusative dual)
vь̑lny (accusative plural)
vьlnojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
vьlnàma (dual instrumental)
vьlnàmi (instrumental plural)
vь̑lně (locative singular)
vьlnù (dual locative)
vьlnàsъ (locative plural)
vьlnàxъ (locative plural)
vьlno (singular vocative)
vь̑lně (dual vocative)
vь̑lny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вълна (vŭlna)

Old Ruthenian: волна (volna)

Russian: волна́ (volná)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: вльна (vlĭna)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⰾⱐⱀⰰ (vlĭna)

Bulgarian: вълна́ (vǎlná)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vlna

Czech: vlna

Old Polish: wełn, wełm, wełna

Slovak: vlna

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wiln-, from Proto-Indo-European *welH-.
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian vilni̇̀s, vilnià, Latvian vilņa
Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit ऊर्मि (ūrmi, “wave”), Albanian valë, Old High German wella, German Welle, English well, Old Norse vella.


pьlnъ

pь̀lnъ (canonical)
pьlnъ (masculine nominative singular)
pьlna (feminine nominative singular)
pьlno (neuter nominative singular)
pьlna (genitive masculine singular)
pьlny (feminine genitive singular)
pьlna (genitive neuter singular)
pьlnu (dative masculine singular)
pьlně (dative feminine singular)
pьlnu (dative neuter singular)
pьlnъ (accusative masculine singular)
pьlnǫ (accusative feminine singular)
pьlno (accusative neuter singular)
pьlnomь (instrumental masculine singular)
pьlnojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
pьlnomь (instrumental neuter singular)
pьlně (locative masculine singular)
pьlně (feminine locative singular)
pьlně (locative neuter singular)
pьlne (masculine singular vocative)
pьlno (feminine singular vocative)
pьlno (neuter singular vocative)
pьlna (dual masculine nominative)
pьlně (dual feminine nominative)
pьlně (dual neuter nominative)
pьlnu (dual genitive masculine)
pьlnu (dual feminine genitive)
pьlnu (dual genitive neuter)
pьlnoma (dative dual masculine)
pьlnama (dative dual feminine)
pьlnoma (dative dual neuter)
pьlna (accusative dual masculine)
pьlně (accusative dual feminine)
pьlně (accusative dual neuter)
pьlnoma (dual instrumental masculine)
pьlnama (dual feminine instrumental)
pьlnoma (dual instrumental neuter)
pьlnu (dual locative masculine)
pьlnu (dual feminine locative)
pьlnu (dual locative neuter)
pьlna (dual masculine vocative)
pьlně (dual feminine vocative)
pьlně (dual neuter vocative)
pьlni (masculine nominative plural)
pьlny (feminine nominative plural)
pьlna (neuter nominative plural)
pьlnъ (genitive masculine plural)
pьlnъ (feminine genitive plural)
pьlnъ (genitive neuter plural)
pьlnomъ (dative masculine plural)
pьlnamъ (dative feminine plural)
pьlnomъ (dative neuter plural)
pьlny (accusative masculine plural)
pьlny (accusative feminine plural)
pьlna (accusative neuter plural)
pьlny (instrumental masculine plural)
pьlnami (feminine instrumental plural)
pьlny (instrumental neuter plural)
pьlněxъ (locative masculine plural)
pьlnaxъ (feminine locative plural)
pьlněxъ (locative neuter plural)
pьlni (masculine plural vocative)
pьlny (feminine plural vocative)
pьlna (neuter plural vocative)
pьlnъjь (masculine nominative singular)
pьlnaja (feminine nominative singular)
pьlnoje (neuter nominative singular)
pьlnajego (genitive masculine singular)
pьlnyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
pьlnajego (genitive neuter singular)
pьlnujemu (dative masculine singular)
pьlněji (dative feminine singular)
pьlnujemu (dative neuter singular)
pьlnъjь (accusative masculine singular)
pьlnǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
pьlnoje (accusative neuter singular)
pьlnyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
pьlnǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
pьlnyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
pьlnějemь (locative masculine singular)
pьlněji (feminine locative singular)
pьlnějemь (locative neuter singular)
pьlnъjь (masculine singular vocative)
pьlnaja (feminine singular vocative)
pьlnoje (neuter singular vocative)
pьlnaja (dual masculine nominative)
pьlněji (dual feminine nominative)
pьlněji (dual neuter nominative)
pьlnuju (dual genitive masculine)
pьlnuju (dual feminine genitive)
pьlnuju (dual genitive neuter)
pьlnyjima (dative dual masculine)
pьlnyjima (dative dual feminine)
pьlnyjima (dative dual neuter)
pьlnaja (accusative dual masculine)
pьlněji (accusative dual feminine)
pьlněji (accusative dual neuter)
pьlnyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
pьlnyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
pьlnyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
pьlnuju (dual locative masculine)
pьlnuju (dual feminine locative)
pьlnuju (dual locative neuter)
pьlnaja (dual masculine vocative)
pьlněji (dual feminine vocative)
pьlněji (dual neuter vocative)
pьlniji (masculine nominative plural)
pьlnyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
pьlnaja (neuter nominative plural)
pьlnъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
pьlnъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
pьlnъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
pьlnyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
pьlnyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
pьlnyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
pьlnyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
pьlnyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
pьlnaja (accusative neuter plural)
pьlnyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
pьlnyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
pьlnyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
pьlnyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
pьlnyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
pьlnyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
pьlniji (masculine plural vocative)
pьlnyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
pьlnaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: пълнъ (pŭlnŭ)

Old Ruthenian: повный (povnyj), полный (polnyj)

Belarusian: по́ўны (póŭny)

Ukrainian: по́вний (póvnyj)

Russian: по́лный (pólnyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: пльнъ (plĭnŭ)

Bulgarian: пъ́лен (pǎ́len)

Macedonian: полн (poln)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пу̏н

Latin script: pȕn

Slovene: pȏłn (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: pôłny, pôłen

Old Czech: plný

Czech: plný

desctree

Old Polish: pełny, pełen
Polish: pełny, pełen
Silesian: połny, pełny

Polabian: påunĕ

Slovak: plný

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: połny

Lower Sorbian: połny

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pílˀnas, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁nós.


moldъ

mȏldъ (canonical)
moldъ (masculine nominative singular)
molda (feminine nominative singular)
moldo (neuter nominative singular)
molda (genitive masculine singular)
moldy (feminine genitive singular)
molda (genitive neuter singular)
moldu (dative masculine singular)
moldě (dative feminine singular)
moldu (dative neuter singular)
moldъ (accusative masculine singular)
moldǫ (accusative feminine singular)
moldo (accusative neuter singular)
moldomь (instrumental masculine singular)
moldojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
moldomь (instrumental neuter singular)
moldě (locative masculine singular)
moldě (feminine locative singular)
moldě (locative neuter singular)
molde (masculine singular vocative)
moldo (feminine singular vocative)
moldo (neuter singular vocative)
molda (dual masculine nominative)
moldě (dual feminine nominative)
moldě (dual neuter nominative)
moldu (dual genitive masculine)
moldu (dual feminine genitive)
moldu (dual genitive neuter)
moldoma (dative dual masculine)
moldama (dative dual feminine)
moldoma (dative dual neuter)
molda (accusative dual masculine)
moldě (accusative dual feminine)
moldě (accusative dual neuter)
moldoma (dual instrumental masculine)
moldama (dual feminine instrumental)
moldoma (dual instrumental neuter)
moldu (dual locative masculine)
moldu (dual feminine locative)
moldu (dual locative neuter)
molda (dual masculine vocative)
moldě (dual feminine vocative)
moldě (dual neuter vocative)
moldi (masculine nominative plural)
moldy (feminine nominative plural)
molda (neuter nominative plural)
moldъ (genitive masculine plural)
moldъ (feminine genitive plural)
moldъ (genitive neuter plural)
moldomъ (dative masculine plural)
moldamъ (dative feminine plural)
moldomъ (dative neuter plural)
moldy (accusative masculine plural)
moldy (accusative feminine plural)
molda (accusative neuter plural)
moldy (instrumental masculine plural)
moldami (feminine instrumental plural)
moldy (instrumental neuter plural)
molděxъ (locative masculine plural)
moldaxъ (feminine locative plural)
molděxъ (locative neuter plural)
moldi (masculine plural vocative)
moldy (feminine plural vocative)
molda (neuter plural vocative)
moldъjь (masculine nominative singular)
moldaja (feminine nominative singular)
moldoje (neuter nominative singular)
moldajego (genitive masculine singular)
moldyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
moldajego (genitive neuter singular)
moldujemu (dative masculine singular)
molději (dative feminine singular)
moldujemu (dative neuter singular)
moldъjь (accusative masculine singular)
moldǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
moldoje (accusative neuter singular)
moldyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
moldǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
moldyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
moldějemь (locative masculine singular)
molději (feminine locative singular)
moldějemь (locative neuter singular)
moldъjь (masculine singular vocative)
moldaja (feminine singular vocative)
moldoje (neuter singular vocative)
moldaja (dual masculine nominative)
molději (dual feminine nominative)
molději (dual neuter nominative)
molduju (dual genitive masculine)
molduju (dual feminine genitive)
molduju (dual genitive neuter)
moldyjima (dative dual masculine)
moldyjima (dative dual feminine)
moldyjima (dative dual neuter)
moldaja (accusative dual masculine)
molději (accusative dual feminine)
molději (accusative dual neuter)
moldyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
moldyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
moldyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
molduju (dual locative masculine)
molduju (dual feminine locative)
molduju (dual locative neuter)
moldaja (dual masculine vocative)
molději (dual feminine vocative)
molději (dual neuter vocative)
moldiji (masculine nominative plural)
moldyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
moldaja (neuter nominative plural)
moldъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
moldъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
moldъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
moldyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
moldyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
moldyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
moldyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
moldyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
moldaja (accusative neuter plural)
moldyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
moldyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
moldyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
moldyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
moldyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
moldyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
moldiji (masculine plural vocative)
moldyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
moldaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: молодъ (molodŭ)

Old Ruthenian: молоды́й (molodýj)

Belarusian: малады́ (maladý)

Carpathian Rusyn: молоды́й (molodŷ́j)

Ukrainian: молоди́й (molodýj)

Russian: молодо́й (molodój)

Old Novgorodian: молоде (molode)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⰿⰾⰰⰴⱏ (mladŭ)

Old Cyrillic script: младъ (mladŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мла̑д

Latin script: mlȃd

Slovene: mlȃd (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mladý, mładý (alternative writing)
Czech: mladý

Old Polish: młody
Polish: młody, mołody, młód (Middle Polish)
Silesian: mody

Old Slovak: mladý

Pannonian Rusyn: млади (mladi)

Slovak: mladý

Polabian: mlådĕ

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: młodi

Slovincian: mlôdy

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: młody

Upper Sorbian: młody

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *maldás, from Proto-Indo-European *ml̥dus (“soft, weak”). Cognates include Latin mollis (“soft, mild”) and Sanskrit मृदु (mṛdú, “soft, mild, weak”).

cog

moldę*moldętьce ()

youngling, cub, baby; puppy, kitten, little one, etc.


vьlkъ

vь̑lkъ (canonical masculine)
vь̑lkъ (nominative singular)
vь̑lka (dual nominative)
vь̑lci (nominative plural)
vь̑lka (genitive singular)
vьlkù (dual genitive)
vь̃lkъ (genitive plural)
vь̑lku (dative singular)
vьlkomà (dative dual)
vьlkòmъ (dative plural)
vь̑lkъ (accusative singular)
vь̑lka (accusative dual)
vь̑lky (accusative plural)
vь̑lkъmь (instrumental singular)
vь̑lkomь (instrumental singular)
vьlkomà (dual instrumental)
vьlký (instrumental plural)
vь̑lcě (locative singular)
vьlkù (dual locative)
vьlcě̃xъ (locative plural)
vьlče (singular vocative)
vь̑lka (dual vocative)
vь̑lci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: вълкъ (vŭlkŭ)
Old Ruthenian: вовкъ (vovk), волкъ (volk) — archaic form
Belarusian: воўк (voŭk)
Carpathian Rusyn: вовк (vovk)
→ Pannonian Rusyn: вовк (vovk)
Ukrainian: вовк (vovk); вівк (vivk) (dialectal)
Russian: волк (volk)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: влькъ (vlĭkŭ)

Glagolitic: ⰲⰾⱐⰽⱏ (vlĭkŭ)

Bulgarian: вълк (vǎlk), влък (vlǎk) (dialectal)

Macedonian: волк (volk)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ву̑к

Latin script: vȗk

Slovene: vȏłk (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vlk

Czech: vlk

Kashubian: wilk, wełk, wôłk (archaic)

Polabian: våuk

Polish: wilk

Slovak: vlk

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wjelk

Lower Sorbian: wjelk

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wilkás, from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos.


novъ

nòvъ (canonical)
novějь (comparative)
novъ (masculine nominative singular)
nova (feminine nominative singular)
novo (neuter nominative singular)
nova (genitive masculine singular)
novy (feminine genitive singular)
nova (genitive neuter singular)
novu (dative masculine singular)
nově (dative feminine singular)
novu (dative neuter singular)
novъ (accusative masculine singular)
novǫ (accusative feminine singular)
novo (accusative neuter singular)
novomь (instrumental masculine singular)
novojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
novomь (instrumental neuter singular)
nově (locative masculine singular)
nově (feminine locative singular)
nově (locative neuter singular)
nove (masculine singular vocative)
novo (feminine singular vocative)
novo (neuter singular vocative)
nova (dual masculine nominative)
nově (dual feminine nominative)
nově (dual neuter nominative)
novu (dual genitive masculine)
novu (dual feminine genitive)
novu (dual genitive neuter)
novoma (dative dual masculine)
novama (dative dual feminine)
novoma (dative dual neuter)
nova (accusative dual masculine)
nově (accusative dual feminine)
nově (accusative dual neuter)
novoma (dual instrumental masculine)
novama (dual feminine instrumental)
novoma (dual instrumental neuter)
novu (dual locative masculine)
novu (dual feminine locative)
novu (dual locative neuter)
nova (dual masculine vocative)
nově (dual feminine vocative)
nově (dual neuter vocative)
novi (masculine nominative plural)
novy (feminine nominative plural)
nova (neuter nominative plural)
novъ (genitive masculine plural)
novъ (feminine genitive plural)
novъ (genitive neuter plural)
novomъ (dative masculine plural)
novamъ (dative feminine plural)
novomъ (dative neuter plural)
novy (accusative masculine plural)
novy (accusative feminine plural)
nova (accusative neuter plural)
novy (instrumental masculine plural)
novami (feminine instrumental plural)
novy (instrumental neuter plural)
nověxъ (locative masculine plural)
novaxъ (feminine locative plural)
nověxъ (locative neuter plural)
novi (masculine plural vocative)
novy (feminine plural vocative)
nova (neuter plural vocative)
novъjь (masculine nominative singular)
novaja (feminine nominative singular)
novoje (neuter nominative singular)
novajego (genitive masculine singular)
novyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
novajego (genitive neuter singular)
novujemu (dative masculine singular)
nověji (dative feminine singular)
novujemu (dative neuter singular)
novъjь (accusative masculine singular)
novǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
novoje (accusative neuter singular)
novyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
novǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
novyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
novějemь (locative masculine singular)
nověji (feminine locative singular)
novějemь (locative neuter singular)
novъjь (masculine singular vocative)
novaja (feminine singular vocative)
novoje (neuter singular vocative)
novaja (dual masculine nominative)
nověji (dual feminine nominative)
nověji (dual neuter nominative)
novuju (dual genitive masculine)
novuju (dual feminine genitive)
novuju (dual genitive neuter)
novyjima (dative dual masculine)
novyjima (dative dual feminine)
novyjima (dative dual neuter)
novaja (accusative dual masculine)
nověji (accusative dual feminine)
nověji (accusative dual neuter)
novyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
novyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
novyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
novuju (dual locative masculine)
novuju (dual feminine locative)
novuju (dual locative neuter)
novaja (dual masculine vocative)
nověji (dual feminine vocative)
nověji (dual neuter vocative)
noviji (masculine nominative plural)
novyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
novaja (neuter nominative plural)
novъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
novъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
novъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
novyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
novyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
novyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
novyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
novyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
novaja (accusative neuter plural)
novyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
novyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
novyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
novyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
novyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
novyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
noviji (masculine plural vocative)
novyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
novaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: новъ (novŭ)

Belarusian: но́вы (nóvy)

Russian: но́вый (nóvyj)

Ukrainian: нови́й (novýj)

Old Novgorodian: новꙑи (novyi)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: новъ (novŭ)

Glagolitic: ⱀⱁⰲⱏ (novŭ)

Bulgarian: нов (nov)

Macedonian: нов (nov)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: но̏в

Latin: nȍv

Slovene: nȍv (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: nový
Czech: nový

desctree

Old Polish: nowy
Polish: nowy
Silesian: nowy

Old Slovak: nový

Pannonian Rusyn: нови (novi)

Slovak: nový

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: nowi

Slovincian: nôwy

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: nowy

Lower Sorbian: nowy

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *náwas, from Proto-Indo-European *néwos.

novina*novinьnъ*novinъka ()

something new; novelty, something new, new product

novosedlъ*novosedlьcь*novosedlьje ()

new inhabitant; housewarming, housewarming party


solь

sȍlь (canonical feminine)
sȍlь (nominative singular)
sȍli (dual nominative)
sȍli (nominative plural)
solí (genitive singular)
solьjù (dual genitive)
solь̀jь (genitive plural)
sȍli (dative singular)
solьmà (dative dual)
sȍlьmъ (dative plural)
sȍlь (accusative singular)
sȍli (accusative dual)
sȍli (accusative plural)
solьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
solьmà (dual instrumental)
solьmì (instrumental plural)
solí (locative singular)
solьjù (dual locative)
sȍlьxъ (locative plural)
soli (singular vocative)
sȍli (dual vocative)
sȍli (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: соль (solĭ)

Old Ruthenian: соль (solʹ)
Belarusian: соль (solʹ); со́ля (sólja) (dialectal)
Carpathian Rusyn: суль (sulʹ), сіль (silʹ)
Ukrainian: сіль (silʹ)

Middle Russian: соль (solʹ)

Russian: соль (solʹ)

Old Novgorodian: соль (solĭ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: соль (solĭ)

Bulgarian: сол (sol)

Macedonian: сол (sol)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: со̑л, со̑

Latin: sȏl, sȏ

Slovene: sọ̑ł (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sól

Czech: sůl

Old Polish: sól

Polish: sól

Silesian: sōl

Old Slovak: soľ

Pannonian Rusyn: соль (solʹ)

Slovak: soľ

Polabian: sül

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: sól

Slovincian: sól

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: sol

Upper Sorbian: sól

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sāˀlis; cognate with Latvian sāls (“salt”), Lithuanian saldus (“sweet”) and Old Prussian sal (“salt”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls.


rysь

rỳsь (canonical masculine)
rỳsь (nominative singular)
rỳsi (dual nominative)
rỳsьjē (nominative plural)
rỳsī (genitive singular)
rỳsьju (dual genitive)
rỳsьjь (genitive plural)
rỳsi (dative singular)
rỳsьma (dative dual)
rỳsьmъ (dative plural)
rỳsь (accusative singular)
rỳsi (accusative dual)
rỳsi (accusative plural)
rỳsьmь (instrumental singular)
rỳsьma (dual instrumental)
rỳsьmī (instrumental plural)
rỳsī (locative singular)
rỳsьju (dual locative)
rỳsьxъ (locative plural)
rysi (singular vocative)
rỳsi (dual vocative)
rỳsьjē (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: рꙑсь (rysĭ)
Old Ruthenian: рысь (rysʹ)
Belarusian: рысь (rysʹ)
Carpathian Rusyn: рысь (rŷsʹ)
Ukrainian: рись (rysʹ)
Russian: рысь (rysʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

desc

Old Cyrillic script: рꙑсь (rysĭ), рꙑсъ (rysŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱃⱏⰺⱄⱐ (rysĭ), ⱃⱏⰺⱄⱏ (rysŭ)

Serbo-Croatian: rȉs /ри̏с

Slovene: rȋs (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: rys

Czech: rys

Moravian: ris

Old Polish: ryś

Polish: ryś

Old Slovak: rys

Slovak: rys

Pannonian Rusyn: рис (ris)

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: ris

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: rys

Lower Sorbian: rys

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: râs

From earlier *lỳsь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *lū́ˀśis, from Proto-Indo-European *lúHḱis, from *lewk-.
Cognate with Lithuanian lūšis, Latvian lūsis and Old Prussian luysis. Further Indo-European cognates are Ancient Greek λύγξ (lúnx), Old Armenian լուսանունք pl (lusanunkʻ), German Luchs and Old English lox. Note the rhotacism of the initial consonant from "l" to "r" due to Iranian influence, while the other Indo-European cognates did not undergo this change.


sъlnьce

sъ̏lnьce (canonical neuter)
sъ̑lnьce (nominative singular)
sъ̑lnьci (dual nominative)
sъlnьcà (nominative plural)
sъ̑lnьca (genitive singular)
sъlnьcù (dual genitive)
sъlnь̀cь (genitive plural)
sъ̑lnьcu (dative singular)
sъlnьcemà (dative dual)
sъlnьcémъ (dative plural)
sъ̑lnьce (accusative singular)
sъ̑lnьci (accusative dual)
sъlnьcà (accusative plural)
sъ̑lnьcьmь (instrumental singular)
sъ̑lnьcemь (instrumental singular)
sъlnьcemà (dual instrumental)
sъlnьcí (instrumental plural)
sъ̑lnьci (locative singular)
sъlnьcù (dual locative)
sъlnьcíxъ (locative plural)
sъ̑lnьce (singular vocative)
sъ̑lnьci (dual vocative)
sъlnьcà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сълньце (sŭlnĭce)

Old Ruthenian: солнце (solnce), солнцо (solnco), сонце (sonce)

Belarusian: со́нца (sónca)

Carpathian Rusyn: со́нце (sónce)

Ukrainian: со́нце (sónce)

Russian: со́лнце (sólnce)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: слъньце (slŭnĭce)

Glagolitic: ⱄⰾⱏⱀⱐⱌⰵ (slŭnĭce)

Bulgarian: слъ́нце (slǎ́nce)

Macedonian: сонце (sonce), солнце (solnce) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: су̑нце

Latin script: sȗnce

Slovene: sọ̑nce (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: slunce, slnce
Czech: slunce

desctree

Old Polish: słońce, słuńce
Polish: słońce
Silesian: słōńce
→ Old Ruthenian: слонце (slonce), слунцо (slunco)

Slovak: slnce (rare)

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: słuńce, słóńce, slônce

Slovincian: slóńcê

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: słónco

Lower Sorbian: słyńco

From earlier *sъlnь + *-ьce, confer *sъlnьko, Russian по́солонь (pósolonʹ), солнопёк (solnopjók), солноворо́т (solnovorót), подсо́лнух (podsólnux) and Old Church Slavonic бесльньнъ (beslĭnĭnŭ, “sunless”), formation analogical to *sь̑rdьce, an extension of Proto-Balto-Slavic *súlˀnis, from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥.


xlěbъ

xlě̀bъ (canonical masculine)
xlě̀bъ (nominative singular)
xlě̀ba (dual nominative)
xlě̀bi (nominative plural)
xlě̀ba (genitive singular)
xlě̀bu (dual genitive)
xlě̀bъ (genitive plural)
xlě̀bu (dative singular)
xlě̀boma (dative dual)
xlě̀bomъ (dative plural)
xlě̀bъ (accusative singular)
xlě̀ba (accusative dual)
xlě̀by (accusative plural)
xlě̀bъmь (instrumental singular)
xlě̀bomь (instrumental singular)
xlě̀boma (dual instrumental)
xlě̀bȳ (instrumental plural)
xlě̀bě (locative singular)
xlě̀bu (dual locative)
xlě̀bě̄xъ (locative plural)
xlě̀be (singular vocative)
xlě̀ba (dual vocative)
xlě̀bi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ)
Old Ruthenian: хлѣбъ (xlěb), клѣбъ (klěb)
Belarusian: хлеб (xljeb)
Carpathian Rusyn: хлїб (xljib)
Ukrainian: хліб (xlib)
Russian: хлеб (xleb) (see there for further descendants)

Old Novgorodian: хлѣбе (xlěbe)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⱈⰾⱑⰱⱏ (xlěbŭ)

Old Cyrillic script: хлѣбъ (xlěbŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: хле̏б, хље̏б; хли̏б, хи̑б, ли̏п, ле̏п, хје̏б, хје̏п (dialectal)

Latin script: hlȅb, hljȅb; hlȉb, hȋb, lȉp, lȅp, hjȅb, hjȅp (dialectal)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: hlẹ̑b, hlȅb (“loaf”) (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: chléb, chleba

desctree

Old Polish: chleb
Polish: chleb, chlib, kleb (Middle Polish)
→ English: chleb
Silesian: chlyb

desc

Old Slovak: chléb, chliab, chlib, chlieb

Pannonian Rusyn: хлєб (xljeb)

Slovak: chlieb

Polabian:

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: chléb

Slovincian: chléb

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: klěb; chlěb (archaic)

Upper Sorbian: chlěb, khlěb

Borrowed from a Germanic language, probably Gothic 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍃 (hlaifs) (Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz) which has the root final 𐍆 (f) (phonetically probably [ɸ]) in the nominative, vocative, and accusative singular and 𐌱 (b) (phonetically probably [β]) in the oblique case forms. The fricative was replaced by the labial stop *b since Proto-Slavic did not have labial fricatives. Alternatively it may be from Old High German hleib.


mostъ

mȍstъ (canonical masculine)
mȍstъ (nominative singular)
mȍsta (dual nominative)
mȍsti (nominative plural)
mȍsta (genitive singular)
mostù (dual genitive)
mòstъ (genitive plural)
mȍstu (dative singular)
mostomà (dative dual)
mostòmъ (dative plural)
mȍstъ (accusative singular)
mȍsta (accusative dual)
mȍsty (accusative plural)
mȍstъmь (instrumental singular)
mȍstomь (instrumental singular)
mostomà (dual instrumental)
mostý (instrumental plural)
mȍstě (locative singular)
mostù (dual locative)
mostě̃xъ (locative plural)
moste (singular vocative)
mȍsta (dual vocative)
mȍsti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мостъ (mostŭ)

Belarusian: мост (most)

desctree

Russian: мост (most), мостъ (most) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Kildin Sami: мо̄сст (mōsst)

desc

Carpathian Rusyn: міст (mist), муст (must)

Ukrainian: міст (mist)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мостъ (mostŭ)

Glagolitic: ⰿⱁⱄⱅⱏ (mostŭ)

Bulgarian: мост (most)

Macedonian: мост (most)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: мо̑ст

Latin: mȏst

Slovene: mọ̑st (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: most

Czech: most

Bohemian (Chod dialect): most

Polabian: möst

Old Polish: most

Polish: most

Silesian: most

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: mòst

Slovincian: môst

Old Slovak: most

Pannonian Rusyn: мост (most)

Slovak: most

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: móst

Lower Sorbian: móst

* From earlier *mosstъ < *mozdtъ, from Proto-Indo-European *mosd-to-s (“aggregate of timbers/boards”), from *mosd- + *tos (“collective”). Morphologically *mos- + *-tъ.
*: Cognate with Latin mālus (“mast, pole”) (< *masdos and l < d), Middle Irish maide (“mast, stick”) (< *masdyos), Proto-Germanic *mastaz (> English mast)
* From earlier *mottъ (“something what is dropped, thrown over”), from *mesti (“to throw, to drop”) + *-tъ


malъ

màlъ (canonical)
mьňьjь (comparative)
malъ (masculine nominative singular)
mala (feminine nominative singular)
malo (neuter nominative singular)
mala (genitive masculine singular)
maly (feminine genitive singular)
mala (genitive neuter singular)
malu (dative masculine singular)
malě (dative feminine singular)
malu (dative neuter singular)
malъ (accusative masculine singular)
malǫ (accusative feminine singular)
malo (accusative neuter singular)
malomь (instrumental masculine singular)
malojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
malomь (instrumental neuter singular)
malě (locative masculine singular)
malě (feminine locative singular)
malě (locative neuter singular)
male (masculine singular vocative)
malo (feminine singular vocative)
malo (neuter singular vocative)
mala (dual masculine nominative)
malě (dual feminine nominative)
malě (dual neuter nominative)
malu (dual genitive masculine)
malu (dual feminine genitive)
malu (dual genitive neuter)
maloma (dative dual masculine)
malama (dative dual feminine)
maloma (dative dual neuter)
mala (accusative dual masculine)
malě (accusative dual feminine)
malě (accusative dual neuter)
maloma (dual instrumental masculine)
malama (dual feminine instrumental)
maloma (dual instrumental neuter)
malu (dual locative masculine)
malu (dual feminine locative)
malu (dual locative neuter)
mala (dual masculine vocative)
malě (dual feminine vocative)
malě (dual neuter vocative)
mali (masculine nominative plural)
maly (feminine nominative plural)
mala (neuter nominative plural)
malъ (genitive masculine plural)
malъ (feminine genitive plural)
malъ (genitive neuter plural)
malomъ (dative masculine plural)
malamъ (dative feminine plural)
malomъ (dative neuter plural)
maly (accusative masculine plural)
maly (accusative feminine plural)
mala (accusative neuter plural)
maly (instrumental masculine plural)
malami (feminine instrumental plural)
maly (instrumental neuter plural)
malěxъ (locative masculine plural)
malaxъ (feminine locative plural)
malěxъ (locative neuter plural)
mali (masculine plural vocative)
maly (feminine plural vocative)
mala (neuter plural vocative)
malъjь (masculine nominative singular)
malaja (feminine nominative singular)
maloje (neuter nominative singular)
malajego (genitive masculine singular)
malyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
malajego (genitive neuter singular)
malujemu (dative masculine singular)
malěji (dative feminine singular)
malujemu (dative neuter singular)
malъjь (accusative masculine singular)
malǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
maloje (accusative neuter singular)
malyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
malǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
malyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
malějemь (locative masculine singular)
malěji (feminine locative singular)
malějemь (locative neuter singular)
malъjь (masculine singular vocative)
malaja (feminine singular vocative)
maloje (neuter singular vocative)
malaja (dual masculine nominative)
malěji (dual feminine nominative)
malěji (dual neuter nominative)
maluju (dual genitive masculine)
maluju (dual feminine genitive)
maluju (dual genitive neuter)
malyjima (dative dual masculine)
malyjima (dative dual feminine)
malyjima (dative dual neuter)
malaja (accusative dual masculine)
malěji (accusative dual feminine)
malěji (accusative dual neuter)
malyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
malyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
malyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
maluju (dual locative masculine)
maluju (dual feminine locative)
maluju (dual locative neuter)
malaja (dual masculine vocative)
malěji (dual feminine vocative)
malěji (dual neuter vocative)
maliji (masculine nominative plural)
malyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
malaja (neuter nominative plural)
malъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
malъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
malъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
malyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
malyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
malyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
malyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
malyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
malaja (accusative neuter plural)
malyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
malyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
malyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
malyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
malyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
malyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
maliji (masculine plural vocative)
malyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
malaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: малъ (malŭ)
Old Ruthenian: малы́й (malýj)
Belarusian: малы́ (malý)
Carpathian Rusyn: малы́й (malŷ́j)
Ukrainian: мали́й (malýj)
Russian: ма́лый (mályj), мало́й (malój)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: малъ (malŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰿⰰⰾⱏ (malŭ)

Bulgarian: мал (mal) (dialectal)

Macedonian: мал (mal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: ма̑л

Latin: mȃl

Slovene: mȃli (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: malý, małý (alternative writing)
Czech: malý

Old Polish: mały
Polish: mały, mał (Middle Polish)
Silesian: mały

Old Slovak: malý

Pannonian Rusyn: мали (mali)

Slovak: malý

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: môłi

Slovincian: moly

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: mały

Lower Sorbian: mały

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *mṓˀlas, from a Proto-Indo-European root reconstructed either as *(s)meh₁l- (“small (animal)”) or as *(s)mel- (“false, evil”); Derksen implicitly favors the former. For the former root, compare Ancient Greek μῆλον (mêlon, “small cattle, sheep”), Old Irish míl (“(small) animal”), Old Norse smali (“small livestock, sheep”), Proto-Germanic *smalaz (“small”); for the latter, compare possibly Latin malus (“bad”).

cog

little, short, brief (of quantity, duration)


suxъ

sȗxъ (canonical)
suxъ (masculine nominative singular)
suxa (feminine nominative singular)
suxo (neuter nominative singular)
suxa (genitive masculine singular)
suxy (feminine genitive singular)
suxa (genitive neuter singular)
suxu (dative masculine singular)
suśě (dative feminine singular)
suxu (dative neuter singular)
suxъ (accusative masculine singular)
suxǫ (accusative feminine singular)
suxo (accusative neuter singular)
suxomь (instrumental masculine singular)
suxojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
suxomь (instrumental neuter singular)
suśě (locative masculine singular)
suśě (feminine locative singular)
suśě (locative neuter singular)
suše (masculine singular vocative)
suxo (feminine singular vocative)
suxo (neuter singular vocative)
suxa (dual masculine nominative)
suśě (dual feminine nominative)
suśě (dual neuter nominative)
suxu (dual genitive masculine)
suxu (dual feminine genitive)
suxu (dual genitive neuter)
suxoma (dative dual masculine)
suxama (dative dual feminine)
suxoma (dative dual neuter)
suxa (accusative dual masculine)
suśě (accusative dual feminine)
suśě (accusative dual neuter)
suxoma (dual instrumental masculine)
suxama (dual feminine instrumental)
suxoma (dual instrumental neuter)
suxu (dual locative masculine)
suxu (dual feminine locative)
suxu (dual locative neuter)
suxa (dual masculine vocative)
suśě (dual feminine vocative)
suśě (dual neuter vocative)
suśi (masculine nominative plural)
suxy (feminine nominative plural)
suxa (neuter nominative plural)
suxъ (genitive masculine plural)
suxъ (feminine genitive plural)
suxъ (genitive neuter plural)
suxomъ (dative masculine plural)
suxamъ (dative feminine plural)
suxomъ (dative neuter plural)
suxy (accusative masculine plural)
suxy (accusative feminine plural)
suxa (accusative neuter plural)
suxy (instrumental masculine plural)
suxami (feminine instrumental plural)
suxy (instrumental neuter plural)
suśěxъ (locative masculine plural)
suxaxъ (feminine locative plural)
suśěxъ (locative neuter plural)
suśi (masculine plural vocative)
suxy (feminine plural vocative)
suxa (neuter plural vocative)
suxъjь (masculine nominative singular)
suxaja (feminine nominative singular)
suxoje (neuter nominative singular)
suxajego (genitive masculine singular)
suxyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
suxajego (genitive neuter singular)
suxujemu (dative masculine singular)
suśěji (dative feminine singular)
suxujemu (dative neuter singular)
suxъjь (accusative masculine singular)
suxǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
suxoje (accusative neuter singular)
suxyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
suxǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
suxyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
suśějemь (locative masculine singular)
suśěji (feminine locative singular)
suśějemь (locative neuter singular)
suxъjь (masculine singular vocative)
suxaja (feminine singular vocative)
suxoje (neuter singular vocative)
suxaja (dual masculine nominative)
suśěji (dual feminine nominative)
suśěji (dual neuter nominative)
suxuju (dual genitive masculine)
suxuju (dual feminine genitive)
suxuju (dual genitive neuter)
suxyjima (dative dual masculine)
suxyjima (dative dual feminine)
suxyjima (dative dual neuter)
suxaja (accusative dual masculine)
suśěji (accusative dual feminine)
suśěji (accusative dual neuter)
suxyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
suxyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
suxyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
suxuju (dual locative masculine)
suxuju (dual feminine locative)
suxuju (dual locative neuter)
suxaja (dual masculine vocative)
suśěji (dual feminine vocative)
suśěji (dual neuter vocative)
suśiji (masculine nominative plural)
suxyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
suxaja (neuter nominative plural)
suxъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
suxъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
suxъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
suxyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
suxyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
suxyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
suxyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
suxyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
suxaja (accusative neuter plural)
suxyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
suxyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
suxyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
suxyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
suxyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
suxyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
suśiji (masculine plural vocative)
suxyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
suxaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сухъ (suxŭ)

Belarusian: сухі́ (suxí)

Russian: сухо́й (suxój)

Carpathian Rusyn: сухый (suxŷj)

Ukrainian: сухи́й (suxýj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: соухъ (suxŭ)

Glagolitic: ⱄⱆⱈⱏ (suxŭ)

Bulgarian: сух (suh)

Macedonian: сув (suv)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: су̑в, су̑х

Latin: sȗv, sȗh

Slovene: sȗh (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: sëchi

Old Czech: suchý

Czech: suchý

Polabian:

Old Polish: suchy

Polish: suchy

Silesian: suchi

Slovak: suchý

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: suchi

Lower Sorbian: suchy

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *saušás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂sowsos, from *h₂sews-.


bogatъ

bogàtъ (canonical)
bogatъ (masculine nominative singular)
bogata (feminine nominative singular)
bogato (neuter nominative singular)
bogata (genitive masculine singular)
bogaty (feminine genitive singular)
bogata (genitive neuter singular)
bogatu (dative masculine singular)
bogatě (dative feminine singular)
bogatu (dative neuter singular)
bogatъ (accusative masculine singular)
bogatǫ (accusative feminine singular)
bogato (accusative neuter singular)
bogatomь (instrumental masculine singular)
bogatojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
bogatomь (instrumental neuter singular)
bogatě (locative masculine singular)
bogatě (feminine locative singular)
bogatě (locative neuter singular)
bogate (masculine singular vocative)
bogato (feminine singular vocative)
bogato (neuter singular vocative)
bogata (dual masculine nominative)
bogatě (dual feminine nominative)
bogatě (dual neuter nominative)
bogatu (dual genitive masculine)
bogatu (dual feminine genitive)
bogatu (dual genitive neuter)
bogatoma (dative dual masculine)
bogatama (dative dual feminine)
bogatoma (dative dual neuter)
bogata (accusative dual masculine)
bogatě (accusative dual feminine)
bogatě (accusative dual neuter)
bogatoma (dual instrumental masculine)
bogatama (dual feminine instrumental)
bogatoma (dual instrumental neuter)
bogatu (dual locative masculine)
bogatu (dual feminine locative)
bogatu (dual locative neuter)
bogata (dual masculine vocative)
bogatě (dual feminine vocative)
bogatě (dual neuter vocative)
bogati (masculine nominative plural)
bogaty (feminine nominative plural)
bogata (neuter nominative plural)
bogatъ (genitive masculine plural)
bogatъ (feminine genitive plural)
bogatъ (genitive neuter plural)
bogatomъ (dative masculine plural)
bogatamъ (dative feminine plural)
bogatomъ (dative neuter plural)
bogaty (accusative masculine plural)
bogaty (accusative feminine plural)
bogata (accusative neuter plural)
bogaty (instrumental masculine plural)
bogatami (feminine instrumental plural)
bogaty (instrumental neuter plural)
bogatěxъ (locative masculine plural)
bogataxъ (feminine locative plural)
bogatěxъ (locative neuter plural)
bogati (masculine plural vocative)
bogaty (feminine plural vocative)
bogata (neuter plural vocative)
bogatъjь (masculine nominative singular)
bogataja (feminine nominative singular)
bogatoje (neuter nominative singular)
bogatajego (genitive masculine singular)
bogatyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
bogatajego (genitive neuter singular)
bogatujemu (dative masculine singular)
bogatěji (dative feminine singular)
bogatujemu (dative neuter singular)
bogatъjь (accusative masculine singular)
bogatǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
bogatoje (accusative neuter singular)
bogatyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
bogatǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
bogatyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
bogatějemь (locative masculine singular)
bogatěji (feminine locative singular)
bogatějemь (locative neuter singular)
bogatъjь (masculine singular vocative)
bogataja (feminine singular vocative)
bogatoje (neuter singular vocative)
bogataja (dual masculine nominative)
bogatěji (dual feminine nominative)
bogatěji (dual neuter nominative)
bogatuju (dual genitive masculine)
bogatuju (dual feminine genitive)
bogatuju (dual genitive neuter)
bogatyjima (dative dual masculine)
bogatyjima (dative dual feminine)
bogatyjima (dative dual neuter)
bogataja (accusative dual masculine)
bogatěji (accusative dual feminine)
bogatěji (accusative dual neuter)
bogatyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
bogatyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
bogatyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
bogatuju (dual locative masculine)
bogatuju (dual feminine locative)
bogatuju (dual locative neuter)
bogataja (dual masculine vocative)
bogatěji (dual feminine vocative)
bogatěji (dual neuter vocative)
bogatiji (masculine nominative plural)
bogatyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
bogataja (neuter nominative plural)
bogatъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
bogatъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
bogatъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
bogatyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
bogatyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
bogatyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
bogatyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
bogatyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
bogataja (accusative neuter plural)
bogatyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
bogatyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
bogatyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
bogatyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
bogatyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
bogatyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
bogatiji (masculine plural vocative)
bogatyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
bogataja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: богатъ (bogatŭ)

Old Ruthenian: бога́тый (bohátyj)

Belarusian: бага́ты (baháty)

Carpathian Rusyn: богатый (bohatŷj)

Ukrainian: бага́тий (bahátyj)

Russian: бога́тый (bogátyj)

Old Novgorodian: богате (bogate)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: богатъ (bogatŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰱⱁⰳⰰⱅⱏ (bogatŭ)

Bulgarian: бога́т (bogát)

Macedonian: бо́гат (bógat)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бо̀гат

Latin script: bògat

Slovene: bogȁt (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: bohatý

Czech: bohatý

desctree

Old Polish: bogaty
Polish: bogaty
Silesian: bogaty

Old Slovak: bohatý

Pannonian Rusyn: богати (bohati)

Slovak: bohatý

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: bògati

Slovincian: bôgaty

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: bogaty

Upper Sorbian: bohaty

→ Lithuanian: bagótas

→ Romanian: bogat

From *bogъ (“wealth, share; god”) + *-atъ. Compare *ubogъ (“poor”).


vysokъ

vysòkъ (canonical)
vyšьjь (comparative)
vysokъ (masculine nominative singular)
vysoka (feminine nominative singular)
vysoko (neuter nominative singular)
vysoka (genitive masculine singular)
vysoky (feminine genitive singular)
vysoka (genitive neuter singular)
vysoku (dative masculine singular)
vysocě (dative feminine singular)
vysoku (dative neuter singular)
vysokъ (accusative masculine singular)
vysokǫ (accusative feminine singular)
vysoko (accusative neuter singular)
vysokomь (instrumental masculine singular)
vysokojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
vysokomь (instrumental neuter singular)
vysocě (locative masculine singular)
vysocě (feminine locative singular)
vysocě (locative neuter singular)
vysoče (masculine singular vocative)
vysoko (feminine singular vocative)
vysoko (neuter singular vocative)
vysoka (dual masculine nominative)
vysocě (dual feminine nominative)
vysocě (dual neuter nominative)
vysoku (dual genitive masculine)
vysoku (dual feminine genitive)
vysoku (dual genitive neuter)
vysokoma (dative dual masculine)
vysokama (dative dual feminine)
vysokoma (dative dual neuter)
vysoka (accusative dual masculine)
vysocě (accusative dual feminine)
vysocě (accusative dual neuter)
vysokoma (dual instrumental masculine)
vysokama (dual feminine instrumental)
vysokoma (dual instrumental neuter)
vysoku (dual locative masculine)
vysoku (dual feminine locative)
vysoku (dual locative neuter)
vysoka (dual masculine vocative)
vysocě (dual feminine vocative)
vysocě (dual neuter vocative)
vysoci (masculine nominative plural)
vysoky (feminine nominative plural)
vysoka (neuter nominative plural)
vysokъ (genitive masculine plural)
vysokъ (feminine genitive plural)
vysokъ (genitive neuter plural)
vysokomъ (dative masculine plural)
vysokamъ (dative feminine plural)
vysokomъ (dative neuter plural)
vysoky (accusative masculine plural)
vysoky (accusative feminine plural)
vysoka (accusative neuter plural)
vysoky (instrumental masculine plural)
vysokami (feminine instrumental plural)
vysoky (instrumental neuter plural)
vysocěxъ (locative masculine plural)
vysokaxъ (feminine locative plural)
vysocěxъ (locative neuter plural)
vysoci (masculine plural vocative)
vysoky (feminine plural vocative)
vysoka (neuter plural vocative)
vysokъjь (masculine nominative singular)
vysokaja (feminine nominative singular)
vysokoje (neuter nominative singular)
vysokajego (genitive masculine singular)
vysokyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
vysokajego (genitive neuter singular)
vysokujemu (dative masculine singular)
vysocěji (dative feminine singular)
vysokujemu (dative neuter singular)
vysokъjь (accusative masculine singular)
vysokǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
vysokoje (accusative neuter singular)
vysokyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
vysokǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
vysokyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
vysocějemь (locative masculine singular)
vysocěji (feminine locative singular)
vysocějemь (locative neuter singular)
vysokъjь (masculine singular vocative)
vysokaja (feminine singular vocative)
vysokoje (neuter singular vocative)
vysokaja (dual masculine nominative)
vysocěji (dual feminine nominative)
vysocěji (dual neuter nominative)
vysokuju (dual genitive masculine)
vysokuju (dual feminine genitive)
vysokuju (dual genitive neuter)
vysokyjima (dative dual masculine)
vysokyjima (dative dual feminine)
vysokyjima (dative dual neuter)
vysokaja (accusative dual masculine)
vysocěji (accusative dual feminine)
vysocěji (accusative dual neuter)
vysokyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
vysokyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
vysokyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
vysokuju (dual locative masculine)
vysokuju (dual feminine locative)
vysokuju (dual locative neuter)
vysokaja (dual masculine vocative)
vysocěji (dual feminine vocative)
vysocěji (dual neuter vocative)
vysociji (masculine nominative plural)
vysokyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
vysokaja (neuter nominative plural)
vysokъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
vysokъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
vysokъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
vysokyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
vysokyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
vysokyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
vysokyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
vysokyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
vysokaja (accusative neuter plural)
vysokyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
vysokyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
vysokyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
vysokyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
vysokyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
vysokyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
vysociji (masculine plural vocative)
vysokyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
vysokaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вꙑсокъ (vysokŭ)
Old Ruthenian: высокїй (vysokij), высокый (vysokyj)
Carpathian Rusyn: высокый (vŷsokŷj)
Belarusian: высо́кі (vysóki)
Ukrainian: висо́кий (vysókyj)
Russian: высо́кий (vysókij)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: вꙑсокъ (vysokŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⱏⰹⱄⱁⰽⱏ (vysokŭ)

Bulgarian: висо́к (visók)

Macedonian: висок (visok)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: вѝсок

Latin script: vìsok

Slovene: visȍk (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vysoký
Czech: vysoký

Old Polish: wysoki
Polish: wysoki
Silesian: wysoki

Old Slovak: vysoký

Pannonian Rusyn: високи (visoki)

Slovak: vysoký

Polabian: voi̯süťĕ

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: wësoczi

Slovincian: wësôkjy

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wusoki, husoki

Upper Sorbian: wysoki


želǫdь

žȅlǫdь (canonical masculine)
žȅlǫdь (nominative singular)
žȅlǫdi (dual nominative)
žȅlǫdьjē (nominative plural)
želǫdí (genitive singular)
želǫdьjù (dual genitive)
želǫdь̀jь (genitive plural)
žȅlǫdi (dative singular)
želǫdьmà (dative dual)
žȅlǫdьmъ (dative plural)
žȅlǫdь (accusative singular)
žȅlǫdi (accusative dual)
žȅlǫdi (accusative plural)
žȅlǫdьmь (instrumental singular)
želǫdьmà (dual instrumental)
želǫdьmì (instrumental plural)
želǫdí (locative singular)
želǫdьjù (dual locative)
žȅlǫdьxъ (locative plural)
želǫdi (singular vocative)
žȅlǫdi (dual vocative)
žȅlǫdьjē (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: желѫдь (želǫdĭ), жолѫдь (žolǫdĭ)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: жолудь (žoludʹ), жолудъ (žolud), жалудь (žaludʹ)
Belarusian: жо́луд (žólud); жо́лудзь (žóludzʹ) (dialectal)
Ukrainian: жо́лудь (žóludʹ)

Russian: жёлудь (žóludʹ)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: жъ́лъд (žǎ́lǎd), же́лъмп (žélǎmp), же́лант (žélant) (dialectal)

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: желѫдь (želǫdĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰶⰵⰾⱘⰴⱐ (želǫdĭ)

Macedonian: же́лад (žélad)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: же̏лӯд

Latin: žȅlūd

Slovene: žélod (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desctree

Old Czech: želud, žalud (later)
Czech: žalud

Kashubian: żôłądz, żołądz

Old Polish: żołądź

Polish: żołądź

Old Slovak: žaluď

Pannonian Rusyn: жалудз (žaludz)

Slovak: žaluď

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: žołdź

Lower Sorbian: žołź, žołuź

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gelandis, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelh₂-ond⁽ʰ⁾-is, from *gʷelh₂- (“acorn”).


dǫbъ

dǫ̑bъ (canonical masculine)
dǫ̑bъ (nominative singular)
dǫ̑ba (dual nominative)
dǫ̑bi (nominative plural)
dǫ̑ba (genitive singular)
dǫbù (dual genitive)
dǫ̃bъ (genitive plural)
dǫ̑bu (dative singular)
dǫbomà (dative dual)
dǫbòmъ (dative plural)
dǫ̑bъ (accusative singular)
dǫ̑ba (accusative dual)
dǫ̑by (accusative plural)
dǫ̑bъmь (instrumental singular)
dǫ̑bomь (instrumental singular)
dǫbomà (dual instrumental)
dǫbý (instrumental plural)
dǫ̑bě (locative singular)
dǫbù (dual locative)
dǫbě̃xъ (locative plural)
dǫbe (singular vocative)
dǫ̑ba (dual vocative)
dǫ̑bi (plural vocative)
dǫ̑bъ (nominative singular)
dǫ̑by (dual nominative)
dǫ̑bove (nominative plural)
dǫ̑bu (genitive singular)
dǫbovù (dual genitive)
dǫbòvъ (genitive plural)
dǫ̑bovi (dative singular)
dǫbъmà (dative dual)
dǫ̑bъmъ (dative plural)
dǫ̑bъ (accusative singular)
dǫ̑by (accusative dual)
dǫ̑by (accusative plural)
dǫ̑bъmь (instrumental singular)
dǫbъmà (dual instrumental)
dǫbъmì (instrumental plural)
dǫbú (locative singular)
dǫbovù (dual locative)
dǫ̑bъxъ (locative plural)
dǫbu (singular vocative)
dǫ̑by (dual vocative)
dǫ̑bove (plural vocative)

Oleg Trubachyov
Rick Derksen
pl:Kazimierz Polański
pl:Tadeusz Lehr-Spławiński
ru:Аникин, Александр Евгеньевич

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: дѫбъ (dǫbŭ), дубъ (dubŭ), дубо (dubo)

Old Ruthenian: дубъ (dub)

Belarusian: дуб (dub)

Carpathian Rusyn: дуб (dub)

Ukrainian: дуб (dub)

Russian: дуб (dub)

Old Novgorodian: *дѫбе (*dǫbe)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: дѫбъ (dǫbŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰴⱘⰱⱏ (dǫbŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ду̑б (archaic)

Latin script: dȗb (archaic)

Slovene: dọ̑b (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dub

Czech: dub

Old Polish: dąb

Polish: dąb

Silesian: dōmb

Polabian: dǫ̇b

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: dąb

Slovincian: dõb

Slovak: dub

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: dub

Upper Sorbian: dub

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *dumbas, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰu-m-bʰ-os with nasal interfix, from *dʰewbʰ- (“deep”).
Originally literally “tree with a depression, hollow (a characteristic feature of an old oak)” or “low-lying (oak likes to grow in low-lying and damp places)”. Compare Lithuanian dum̃blas (“swamp”).
Outdated etymologies associated *dǫbъ with a Proto-Indo-European root *dem- (“to build”).
The etymon is attested both as an o-stem and as a u-stem, but per Vasmer, the original more likely was u-stem.


agniti

agňenьje (noun-from-verb)
agniti (infinitive)
agnitъ (supine)
agnilъ (l-participle)
agňenъ (participle passive past)
agnimъ (participle passive present)
agňь (active participle past)
agnę (active participle present)
agnixъ (aorist first-person singular)
agni (aorist second-person singular)
agni (aorist singular third-person)
agňǫ (first-person present singular)
agniši (present second-person singular)
agnitь (present singular third-person)
agnixově (aorist dual first-person)
agnista (aorist dual second-person)
agniste (aorist dual third-person)
agnivě (dual first-person present)
agnita (dual present second-person)
agnite (dual present third-person)
agnixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
agniste (aorist plural second-person)
agnišę (aorist plural third-person)
agnimъ (first-person plural present)
agnite (plural present second-person)
agnętь (plural present third-person)
agňaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
agňaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
agňaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
agni (imperative second-person singular)
agni (imperative singular third-person)
agňaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
agňaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
agňaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
agnivě (dual first-person imperative)
agnita (dual imperative second-person)
agňaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
agňaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
agňaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
agnimъ (first-person imperative plural)
agnite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ягні́цца (jahnícca)

Russian: ягни́ться (jagnítʹsja); яни́тъ (janít) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: ягни́тися (jahnýtysja)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: а́гня (ágnja)

Macedonian: јагни (jagni)

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: jȁgnjiti, jȁnjiti

Cyrillic script: ја̏гњити, ја̏њити

Slovene: jágnjiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: jehniti

Polish: jagnić

Slovak: jahniť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: jagniś


utro

ùtro (canonical neuter)
ùtro (nominative singular)
ùtrě (dual nominative)
ùtra (nominative plural)
ùtra (genitive singular)
ùtru (dual genitive)
ùtrъ (genitive plural)
ùtru (dative singular)
ùtroma (dative dual)
ùtromъ (dative plural)
ùtro (accusative singular)
ùtrě (accusative dual)
ùtra (accusative plural)
ùtrъmь (instrumental singular)
ùtromь (instrumental singular)
ùtroma (dual instrumental)
ùtrȳ (instrumental plural)
ùtrě (locative singular)
ùtru (dual locative)
ùtrě̄xъ (locative plural)
ùtro (singular vocative)
ùtrě (dual vocative)
ùtra (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: утро (utro)

Russian: у́тро (útro)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

desc

Old Cyrillic script: оутро (utro), ютро (jutro)

Glagolitic script: ⱆⱅⱃⱁ (utro), ⱓⱅⱃⱁ (jutro)

Bulgarian: у́тро (útro); Bulgarian: ютру (jutru) (dialectal)

Macedonian: утро (utro)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ју̏тро

Latin script: jȕtro

Slovene: jútro (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jutro
Czech: jitro

desctree

Old Polish: jutro
Polish: jutro
Silesian: jutro

Old Slovak: jutro

desc

Pannonian Rusyn: ютре (jutre), ютро (jutro)

Slovak: jutro (obsolete)

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: witro, jitro, jutro, witre

Slovincian: wjitrô

Polabian: jautrü

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: jutro

Lower Sorbian: jutšo

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *auštrā́ˀ (“dawn, morning”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewsér (“of the dawn or morning, matutinal; eastern”), from *h₂ews- (“dawn; east”).
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian aušrà, dial. auštrà (“dawn”), Latvian àustra, aũstra (“dawn”). Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek αὔρᾱ (aúrā, “(esp. cool) breeze, fresh air of the morning”), Latin auster (“south wind”), Proto-Germanic *austrą (“east”), Proto-Germanic *Austrǭ (“Easter, springtime; name of a goddess”) (presumably from the goddess of the dawn, lust, fertility and spring, associated with the beginning of the year).
A variant *jutro appears in West Slavic, Slovenian and Serbo-Croatian, and is also attested in Old Church Slavonic, but considered secondary; there are further Slavic lexemes that display an alternation *ju- in West and South Slavic vs. *u- in East Slavic. Variants with *(j)ustr- point to *ustr- < *usr-, the loss of -s- being either due to dissimilation or perhaps due to the law of open syllables, if the -s- was variably assigned to the end of the first syllable. According to Kortlandt, the acute on the root implies a zero-grade variant (which would have parallels in Sanskrit उस्र (usrá-, “reddish, ruddy, bright, matutinal”), उस्रा (usrā́-, “dawn, morning”)), which, however, is not attested. The intrusive -t- is regular in Proto-Slavic, compare *ostrъ, *strumy.


groza

grozà (canonical feminine)
grozà (nominative singular)
grȍzě (dual nominative)
grȍzy (nominative plural)
grozý (genitive singular)
grozù (dual genitive)
gròzъ (genitive plural)
grozě̀ (dative singular)
grozàma (dative dual)
grozàmъ (dative plural)
grȍzǫ (accusative singular)
grȍzě (accusative dual)
grȍzy (accusative plural)
grozojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
grozàma (dual instrumental)
grozàmi (instrumental plural)
grȍzě (locative singular)
grozù (dual locative)
grozàsъ (locative plural)
grozàxъ (locative plural)
grozo (singular vocative)
grȍzě (dual vocative)
grȍzy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гроза (groza)

Belarusian: граза́ (hrazá)

Russian: гроза́ (grozá)

Ukrainian: гроза́ (hrozá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: гроза (groza)

Glagolitic: ⰳⱃⱁⰸⰰ (groza)

Bulgarian: гроза́ (grozá), (dialectal) груза́ (gruzá)

⇒ Bulgarian: угро̀за (ugròza)

Macedonian: гроза (groza)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гро́за, гро̀за, (dialectal) гро̏за

Roman: gróza, gròza, (dialectal) grȍza

Slovene: gróza

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hróza

Czech: hrůza

Polish: groza

Slovak: hrôza

Slovincian: grôza

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: groza

Upper Sorbian: hroza

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *groź-. Compare English grue (“to shudder”).


družiti

druženьje (noun-from-verb)
družiti (infinitive)
družitъ (supine)
družilъ (l-participle)
druženъ (participle passive past)
družimъ (participle passive present)
družь (active participle past)
družę (active participle present)
družixъ (aorist first-person singular)
druži (aorist second-person singular)
druži (aorist singular third-person)
družǫ (first-person present singular)
družiši (present second-person singular)
družitь (present singular third-person)
družixově (aorist dual first-person)
družista (aorist dual second-person)
družiste (aorist dual third-person)
druživě (dual first-person present)
družita (dual present second-person)
družite (dual present third-person)
družixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
družiste (aorist plural second-person)
družišę (aorist plural third-person)
družimъ (first-person plural present)
družite (plural present second-person)
družętь (plural present third-person)
družaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
družaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
družaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
druži (imperative second-person singular)
druži (imperative singular third-person)
družaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
družaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
družaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
druživě (dual first-person imperative)
družita (dual imperative second-person)
družaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
družaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
družaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
družimъ (first-person imperative plural)
družite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дружи́ти (družíti)

Old Ruthenian: дрꙋжи́ти (družíti)

Belarusian: дружы́ць (družýcʹ)

Ukrainian: дружи́ти (družýty)

Russian: дружи́ть (družítʹ)

South Slavic

Bulgarian: дружа̀ (družà)

Macedonian: дружи (druži)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дру́жити

Latin script: drúžiti

Slovene: družíti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic

Czech: družit

Polabian: drauzĕt

Polish: drużyć (obsolete)

Slovak: družiť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: družić

Lower Sorbian: družyś


prostiti

prosťenьje (noun-from-verb)
prostiti (infinitive)
prostitъ (supine)
prostilъ (l-participle)
prosťenъ (participle passive past)
prostimъ (participle passive present)
prosťь (active participle past)
prostę (active participle present)
prostixъ (aorist first-person singular)
prosti (aorist second-person singular)
prosti (aorist singular third-person)
prosťǫ (first-person present singular)
prostiši (present second-person singular)
prostitь (present singular third-person)
prostixově (aorist dual first-person)
prostista (aorist dual second-person)
prostiste (aorist dual third-person)
prostivě (dual first-person present)
prostita (dual present second-person)
prostite (dual present third-person)
prostixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
prostiste (aorist plural second-person)
prostišę (aorist plural third-person)
prostimъ (first-person plural present)
prostite (plural present second-person)
prostętь (plural present third-person)
prosťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
prosťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
prosťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
prosti (imperative second-person singular)
prosti (imperative singular third-person)
prosťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
prosťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
prosťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
prostivě (dual first-person imperative)
prostita (dual imperative second-person)
prosťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
prosťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
prosťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
prostimъ (first-person imperative plural)
prostite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: прости́ть (prostítʹ)

Ukrainian: прости́ти (prostýty)

South Slavic

desc

Old Church Slavonic: простити (prostiti)

Bulgarian: простя (prostja)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: про̀стити

Latin script: pròstiti

Slovene: prostíti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic

Czech: prostit

Old Polish: prościć

Polish: prościć (obsolete)

Silesian: prościć


-oba

-oba (nominative singular)
-obě (dual nominative)
-oby (nominative plural)
-oby (genitive singular)
-obu (dual genitive)
-obъ (genitive plural)
-obě (dative singular)
-obama (dative dual)
-obamъ (dative plural)
-obǫ (accusative singular)
-obě (accusative dual)
-oby (accusative plural)
-obojǫ (instrumental singular)
-obǫ (instrumental singular)
-obama (dual instrumental)
-obami (instrumental plural)
-obě (locative singular)
-obu (dual locative)
-obasъ (locative plural)
-obaxъ (locative plural)
-obo (singular vocative)
-obě (dual vocative)
-oby (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: -оба (-oba)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: -оба (-oba)

Belarusian: -о́ба (-óba)

Russian: -оба́ (-obá), -о́ба (-óba)

Ukrainian: -о́ба (-óba)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -о̀ба

Latin script: -òba

Slovene: -óba

West Slavic:

Old Czech: -oba

Czech: -oba

Polish: -oba

Slovak: -oba

Slovincian: -oba

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: -oba

Lower Sorbian: -oba

bělъ (“white”) → *běloba (“whiteness”)

blědъ (“pale”) → *blědoba (“paleness”)

gnusъ → *gnusoba

gъrdъ → *gъrdoba

xudъ (“thin, feable”) → *xudoba (“thinness”)

xvorъ (“ill”) → *xvoroba (“illness”)

lěnъ (“lazy”) → *lěnoba (“laziness”)

lьgъ → *lьgoba

milъ → *miloba

mъdьlъ (“weak”) → *mъdьloba (“weakness”)

zъlъ → *zъloba

Deadjectival, forming abstract nouns; -ness.

gonъ, *goniti → *gonoba

kukъ → *kukoba

lěka /*lěkъ → *lěkoba

ǫtro → *ǫtroba


galica

galica (nominative singular)
galici (dual nominative)
galicę̇ (nominative plural)
galicę̇ (genitive singular)
galicu (dual genitive)
galicь (genitive plural)
galici (dative singular)
galicama (dative dual)
galicamъ (dative plural)
galicǫ (accusative singular)
galici (accusative dual)
galicę̇ (accusative plural)
galicejǫ (instrumental singular)
galicǫ (instrumental singular)
galicama (dual instrumental)
galicami (instrumental plural)
galici (locative singular)
galicu (dual locative)
galicasъ (locative plural)
galicaxъ (locative plural)
galice (singular vocative)
galici (dual vocative)
galicę̇ (plural vocative)

Doublet of Proto-Slavic *galъka, equivalent to *galъ (“dark, murky”) + *-ica.


gordъ

gõrdъ (canonical)
gȏrdъ (canonical masculine)
gõrdъ (nominative singular)
gōrdà (dual nominative)
gōrdì (nominative plural)
gōrdà (genitive singular)
gōrdù (dual genitive)
gõrdъ (genitive plural)
gōrdù (dative singular)
gōrdòma (dative dual)
gōrdòmъ (dative plural)
gõrdъ (accusative singular)
gōrdà (accusative dual)
gōrdỳ (accusative plural)
gōrdъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
gōrdòmь (instrumental singular)
gōrdòma (dual instrumental)
gõrdy (instrumental plural)
gōrdě̀ (locative singular)
gōrdù (dual locative)
gõrděxъ (locative plural)
gorde (singular vocative)
gōrdà (dual vocative)
gōrdì (plural vocative)
gȏrdъ (nominative singular)
gȏrda (dual nominative)
gȏrdi (nominative plural)
gȏrda (genitive singular)
gordù (dual genitive)
gõrdъ (genitive plural)
gȏrdu (dative singular)
gordomà (dative dual)
gordòmъ (dative plural)
gȏrdъ (accusative singular)
gȏrda (accusative dual)
gȏrdy (accusative plural)
gȏrdъmь (instrumental singular)
gȏrdomь (instrumental singular)
gordomà (dual instrumental)
gordý (instrumental plural)
gȏrdě (locative singular)
gordù (dual locative)
gordě̃xъ (locative plural)
gorde (singular vocative)
gȏrda (dual vocative)
gȏrdi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: го́родъ (górodŭ)

Belarusian: го́рад (hórad)

Russian: го́род (górod)

Carpathian Rusyn: город (horod)

Ukrainian: го́род (hórod) (rare, walled town, city, citadel)

Old Novgorodian: городе (gorode)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⰳⱃⰰⰴⱏ (gradŭ)

desctree

Old Cyrillic script: градъ (gradŭ)
Bulgarian: град (grad)
Macedonian: град (grad)
→ Old East Slavic: градъ (gradŭ)
Old Ruthenian: градъ (hrad)
Belarusian: град (hrad) (obsolete)
Carpathian Rusyn: град (hrad)
Ukrainian: град (hrad) (archaic or poetic)
Russian: град (grad) (archaic or poetic)
→ Old Novgorodian: граде (grade)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гра̑д

Latin script: grȃd

Slovene: grȃd (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hrad

Czech: hrad

Kashubian: gard

Polabian: gord

Polish: gród

Slovak: hrad

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: grod

Upper Sorbian: hród

→ Romanian: gard

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gárdas, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰordʰ-os, from *gʰerdʰ- (“to enclose, encircle”).

to fence, enclose; to build; building, construction; to reward; reward, prize


čuka

čuka (nominative singular)
čucě (dual nominative)
čuky (nominative plural)
čuky (genitive singular)
čuku (dual genitive)
čukъ (genitive plural)
čucě (dative singular)
čukama (dative dual)
čukamъ (dative plural)
čukǫ (accusative singular)
čucě (accusative dual)
čuky (accusative plural)
čukojǫ (instrumental singular)
čukǫ (instrumental singular)
čukama (dual instrumental)
čukami (instrumental plural)
čucě (locative singular)
čuku (dual locative)
čukasъ (locative plural)
čukaxъ (locative plural)
čuko (singular vocative)
čucě (dual vocative)
čuky (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: чу́ка (čúka)

Macedonian: чука (čuka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: чу̏ка

Latin script: čȕka

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kjaukāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *kewk-éh₂, from *kewk- (“to elevate, to crook”), contrast with *kuča (“heap”) from *kaukjāˀ, with Proto-Germanic *haugaz (“height, hill”). But regard Albanian çukë (“hill; beak”), Romanian ciucă (“hill”), Romanian cioc (“beak”), Megleno-Romanian cĭucă (“hill”), Aromanian ciucã (“hill”). Due to the regional distribution of the term, some scholars see a Balkan substrate, though the evidence for a Germanic cognate is striking.


roniti

roňenьje (noun-from-verb)
roniti (infinitive)
ronitъ (supine)
ronilъ (l-participle)
roňenъ (participle passive past)
ronimъ (participle passive present)
roňь (active participle past)
ronę (active participle present)
ronixъ (aorist first-person singular)
roni (aorist second-person singular)
roni (aorist singular third-person)
roňǫ (first-person present singular)
roniši (present second-person singular)
ronitь (present singular third-person)
ronixově (aorist dual first-person)
ronista (aorist dual second-person)
roniste (aorist dual third-person)
ronivě (dual first-person present)
ronita (dual present second-person)
ronite (dual present third-person)
ronixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
roniste (aorist plural second-person)
ronišę (aorist plural third-person)
ronimъ (first-person plural present)
ronite (plural present second-person)
ronętь (plural present third-person)
roňaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
roňaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
roňaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
roni (imperative second-person singular)
roni (imperative singular third-person)
roňaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
roňaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
roňaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
ronivě (dual first-person imperative)
ronita (dual imperative second-person)
roňaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
roňaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
roňaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
ronimъ (first-person imperative plural)
ronite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic

⇒ Old East Slavic: изронити (izroniti)

Belarusian: ронíць (ronícʹ)

desc

Russian: рони́ть (ronítʹ), роня́ть (ronjátʹ)

Ukrainian: рони́ти (ronýty)

South Slavic

Bulgarian: ро́ня (rónja)

Macedonian: рони (roni)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ро̀нити

Latin script: ròniti

West Slavic

Czech: ronit

Polish: ronić

Slovak: roniť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: roniś

Upper Sorbian: ronić

Derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reyH- (“to move, set in motion, flow, stream, pour, rain”).


ščepati

ščepanьje (noun-from-verb)
ščepati (infinitive)
ščepatъ (supine)
ščepalъ (l-participle)
ščepanъ (participle passive past)
ščepľemъ (participle passive present)
ščepavъ (active participle past)
ščepľę (active participle present)
ščepaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
ščepa (aorist second-person singular)
ščepa (aorist singular third-person)
ščepľǫ (first-person present singular)
ščepľeši (present second-person singular)
ščepľetь (present singular third-person)
ščepaxově (aorist dual first-person)
ščepasta (aorist dual second-person)
ščepaste (aorist dual third-person)
ščepľevě (dual first-person present)
ščepľeta (dual present second-person)
ščepľete (dual present third-person)
ščepaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
ščepaste (aorist plural second-person)
ščepašę (aorist plural third-person)
ščepľemъ (first-person plural present)
ščepľete (plural present second-person)
ščepľǫtь (plural present third-person)
ščepaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
ščepaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
ščepaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
ščepľi (imperative second-person singular)
ščepľi (imperative singular third-person)
ščepaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
ščepaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
ščepaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
ščepľivě (dual first-person imperative)
ščepľita (dual imperative second-person)
ščepaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
ščepaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
ščepaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
ščepľimъ (first-person imperative plural)
ščepľite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: шчепа́ць (ščjepácʹ)

Russian: щепа́ть (ščepátʹ)

West Slavic

Old Polish: szczepać

Polish: szczepać (obsolete)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: šćěpaś

Upper Sorbian: šćěpać

From *ščepa + *-ati. Compare also *skopiti.