miriti

miřenьje (noun-from-verb)
miriti (infinitive)
miritъ (supine)
mirilъ (l-participle)
miřenъ (participle passive past)
mirimъ (participle passive present)
miřь (active participle past)
mirę (active participle present)
mirixъ (aorist first-person singular)
miri (aorist second-person singular)
miri (aorist singular third-person)
miřǫ (first-person present singular)
miriši (present second-person singular)
miritь (present singular third-person)
mirixově (aorist dual first-person)
mirista (aorist dual second-person)
miriste (aorist dual third-person)
mirivě (dual first-person present)
mirita (dual present second-person)
mirite (dual present third-person)
mirixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
miriste (aorist plural second-person)
mirišę (aorist plural third-person)
mirimъ (first-person plural present)
mirite (plural present second-person)
mirętь (plural present third-person)
miřaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
miřaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
miřaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
miri (imperative second-person singular)
miri (imperative singular third-person)
miřaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
miřaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
miřaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mirivě (dual first-person imperative)
mirita (dual imperative second-person)
miřaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
miřaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
miřaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mirimъ (first-person imperative plural)
mirite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мирити (miriti)

Belarusian: міры́ць (mirýcʹ)

Russian: мири́ть (mirítʹ)

Ukrainian: мири́ти (myrýty)

South Slavic

Bulgarian: миря̀ (mirjà)

Macedonian: мири (miri)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ми́рити

Latin script: míriti

Slovene: miríti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic

Old Czech: miřiti

Old Polish: mirzyć

Slovak: mieriť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: měrić


variti

varìti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
vařenьje (noun-from-verb)
variti (infinitive)
varitъ (supine)
varilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
vařenъ (participle passive past)
varimъ (participle passive present)
vařь (active participle past)
varę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
varixъ (aorist first-person singular)
vari (aorist second-person singular)
vari (aorist singular third-person)
vařǫ (first-person present singular)
variši (present second-person singular)
varitь (present singular third-person)
varixově (aorist dual first-person)
varista (aorist dual second-person)
variste (aorist dual third-person)
varivě (dual first-person present)
varita (dual present second-person)
varite (dual present third-person)
varixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
variste (aorist plural second-person)
varišę (aorist plural third-person)
varimъ (first-person plural present)
varite (plural present second-person)
varętь (plural present third-person)
vařaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vařaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vařaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vari (imperative second-person singular)
vari (imperative singular third-person)
vařaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vařaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vařaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
varivě (dual first-person imperative)
varita (dual imperative second-person)
vařaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vařaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vařaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
varimъ (first-person imperative plural)
varite (imperative plural second-person)
c (accent-paradigm)
vařenьje (noun-from-verb)
variti (infinitive)
varitъ (supine)
varilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
vařenъ (participle passive past)
varimъ (participle passive present)
vařь (active participle past)
varę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
varixъ (aorist first-person singular)
vari (aorist second-person singular)
vari (aorist singular third-person)
vařǫ (first-person present singular)
variši (present second-person singular)
varitь (present singular third-person)
varixově (aorist dual first-person)
varista (aorist dual second-person)
variste (aorist dual third-person)
varivě (dual first-person present)
varita (dual present second-person)
varite (dual present third-person)
varixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
variste (aorist plural second-person)
varišę (aorist plural third-person)
varimъ (first-person plural present)
varite (plural present second-person)
varętь (plural present third-person)
vařaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vařaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vařaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vari (imperative second-person singular)
vari (imperative singular third-person)
vařaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vařaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vařaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
varivě (dual first-person imperative)
varita (dual imperative second-person)
vařaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vařaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vařaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
varimъ (first-person imperative plural)
varite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: варити (variti)

Belarusian: вары́ць (varýcʹ)

Russian: вари́ть (varítʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: вари́ти (varýty)

Ukrainian: вари́ти (varýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: варити (variti)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⰰⱃⰹⱅⰹ (variti)

Bulgarian: варя́ (varjá)

Macedonian: вари (vari)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ва́рити

Latin script: váriti

Slovene: váriti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vařiti

Czech: vařit

Old Polish: warzyć

Polish: warzyć

Silesian: warzić

Old Slovak: variť

Pannonian Rusyn: вариц (varic)

Slovak: variť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: warić

Lower Sorbian: wariś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wārīˀtei / *wōrīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *wōr- (“to burn”) (Černyx), *werH- (Snoj) or *werh₁- (Derksen). Cognate with Latvian vārīt, Hittite 𒉿𒊏𒀀𒉌 (wa-ra-a-ni, “to burn”), Old Armenian վառել (vaṙel).


variti

*vařati (alternative)
c (accent-paradigm)
vařenьje (noun-from-verb)
variti (infinitive)
varitъ (supine)
varilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
vařenъ (participle passive past)
varimъ (participle passive present)
vařь (active participle past)
varę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
varixъ (aorist first-person singular)
vari (aorist second-person singular)
vari (aorist singular third-person)
vařǫ (first-person present singular)
variši (present second-person singular)
varitь (present singular third-person)
varixově (aorist dual first-person)
varista (aorist dual second-person)
variste (aorist dual third-person)
varivě (dual first-person present)
varita (dual present second-person)
varite (dual present third-person)
varixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
variste (aorist plural second-person)
varišę (aorist plural third-person)
varimъ (first-person plural present)
varite (plural present second-person)
varętь (plural present third-person)
vařaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vařaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vařaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vari (imperative second-person singular)
vari (imperative singular third-person)
vařaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vařaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vařaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
varivě (dual first-person imperative)
varita (dual imperative second-person)
vařaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vařaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vařaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
varimъ (first-person imperative plural)
varite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: варити (variti), варяти (varjati)

Russian: варять (varjatʹ), предвари́ть (predvarítʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: варити (variti, “to haste”), прѣдъварити (prědŭvariti, “to anticipate”)

Bulgarian: ва́ря (várja, “to compete”) (only reflexive), ва́ркам (várkam, “to haste, to rush”) (dialectal)

⇒ Bulgarian: изпрева́ря (izprevárja), надпрева́ря (nadprevárja), сва́ря (svárja), зава́ря (zavárja, “to encounter”)

Macedonian: -вари (-vari)

Macedonian: превари (prevari, “to swindle”), завари (zavari, “to encounter”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ва̏рати (“to cheat, to swindle”), прѐварити (“to swindle”)

Latin script: vȁrati (“to cheat, to swindle”), prèvariti (“to swindle”)

West Slavic:

Czech: vařiti (dialectal)

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to cover, to envelop”), cognate with Sanskrit वारयति (vārayati, “to conceal, to capture, to prohibit”) and akin to Lithuanian varýti (“to chase”), Sanskrit वरते (varate, “to surround, to keep back”), Proto-Germanic *warjaną (“to ward off, to defend”), Proto-Germanic *warōną (“to overwatch, to be aware of”).

cog

to go ahead, to overtake, to take a lead


perina

perìna (canonical feminine)
perina (nominative singular)
perině (dual nominative)
periny (nominative plural)
periny (genitive singular)
perinu (dual genitive)
perinъ (genitive plural)
perině (dative singular)
perinama (dative dual)
perinamъ (dative plural)
perinǫ (accusative singular)
perině (accusative dual)
periny (accusative plural)
perinojǫ (instrumental singular)
perinǫ (instrumental singular)
perinama (dual instrumental)
perinami (instrumental plural)
perině (locative singular)
perinu (dual locative)
perinasъ (locative plural)
perinaxъ (locative plural)
perino (singular vocative)
perině (dual vocative)
periny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: пери́на (perína)

⇒ Russian: пери́нка (perínka)

Ukrainian: пери́на (perýna)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пе̏рина

Latin script: pȅrina

West Slavic:

Czech: peřina

Polish: pierzyna

Slovak: perina


glumiti

glumľenьje (noun-from-verb)
glumiti (infinitive)
glumitъ (supine)
glumilъ (l-participle)
glumľenъ (participle passive past)
glumimъ (participle passive present)
glumľь (active participle past)
glumę (active participle present)
glumixъ (aorist first-person singular)
glumi (aorist second-person singular)
glumi (aorist singular third-person)
glumľǫ (first-person present singular)
glumiši (present second-person singular)
glumitь (present singular third-person)
glumixově (aorist dual first-person)
glumista (aorist dual second-person)
glumiste (aorist dual third-person)
glumivě (dual first-person present)
glumita (dual present second-person)
glumite (dual present third-person)
glumixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
glumiste (aorist plural second-person)
glumišę (aorist plural third-person)
glumimъ (first-person plural present)
glumite (plural present second-person)
glumętь (plural present third-person)
glumľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
glumľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
glumľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
glumi (imperative second-person singular)
glumi (imperative singular third-person)
glumľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
glumľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
glumľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
glumivě (dual first-person imperative)
glumita (dual imperative second-person)
glumľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
glumľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
glumľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
glumimъ (first-person imperative plural)
glumite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: глумити (glumiti)

Old Ruthenian: глумити (hlumiti)

Belarusian: глумі́ць (hlumícʹ)

Ukrainian: глуми́ти (hlumýty)

⇒ Ukrainian: глуми́тися (hlumýtysja)

Russian: глуми́ться (glumítʹsja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: глоумити (glumiti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: глумя́ (glumjá)

Macedonian: глуми (glumi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: глу́мити

Latin script: glúmiti

Slovene: glūmiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Polish: głumić (dialectal)

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: glumi

Denominative verb from *glumъ, *gluma (“mockery? amusement? joke?”) + *-iti, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰlow-m-, from the root *gʰlew-. Cognate with Old Norse glaumr (“jubilation”), gleyma (“to forget, to jubilate, to make merry”), Old English glēam (“jubilation, joy”), Ancient Greek χλεύη (khleúē, “joke, mockery”), χλευάζω (khleuázō, “to joke”), Lithuanian glaudas, glauda (“fun”) (Daouksha's dictionary), gláudoti (“to joke”), Latvian glaudât (“to joke”).


sǫbota

sǫbota (nominative singular)
sǫbotě (dual nominative)
sǫboty (nominative plural)
sǫboty (genitive singular)
sǫbotu (dual genitive)
sǫbotъ (genitive plural)
sǫbotě (dative singular)
sǫbotama (dative dual)
sǫbotamъ (dative plural)
sǫbotǫ (accusative singular)
sǫbotě (accusative dual)
sǫboty (accusative plural)
sǫbotojǫ (instrumental singular)
sǫbotǫ (instrumental singular)
sǫbotama (dual instrumental)
sǫbotami (instrumental plural)
sǫbotě (locative singular)
sǫbotu (dual locative)
sǫbotasъ (locative plural)
sǫbotaxъ (locative plural)
sǫboto (singular vocative)
sǫbotě (dual vocative)
sǫboty (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: субота (subota)

Belarusian: субо́та (subóta)

Russian: суббо́та (subbóta)

Carpathian Rusyn: субо́та (subóta)

Ukrainian: субо́та (subóta)

desctree

→ Karelian: suovatta
→ Kildin Sami: сӯвведҍ (sūvvjed’)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сѫбота (sǫbota), собота (sobota)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱘⰱⱁⱅⰰ (sǫbota), ⱄⱆⰱⱁⱅⰰ (subota)

desc

Bulgarian: съ́бота (sǎ́bota), съ́мбута (sǎ́mbuta) (dialectal)

Macedonian: сабота (sabota)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: су̀бота

Latin script: sùbota

Slovene: sobọ́ta (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sobota
Czech: sobota

desctree

Old Polish: sobota
Polish: sobota
Silesian: sobota

Slovak: sobota

Polabian: sübötă

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: sobòta

Slovincian: sôbôta

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: sobota

Upper Sorbian: sobota

Non-Slavic languages:

→ Hungarian: szombat

Borrowed from Latin (either Medieval Latin sabbatum or Vulgar Latin *sambatum), from Ancient Greek σάββᾱτον (sábbāton), from Hebrew שַׁבָּת (šabbāṯ, “sabbath”).


neděľa

nedě̀ľa (canonical feminine)
nedě̀ľa (nominative singular)
nedě̀ľi (dual nominative)
nedě̀ľę̇ (nominative plural)
nedě̀ľę̇ (genitive singular)
nedě̀ľu (dual genitive)
nedě̀ľь (genitive plural)
nedě̀ľī (dative singular)
nedě̀ľama (dative dual)
nedě̀ľāmъ (dative plural)
nedě̀ľǫ (accusative singular)
nedě̀ľi (accusative dual)
nedě̀ľę̇ (accusative plural)
nedě̀ľējǫ (instrumental singular)
nedě̀ľǭ (instrumental singular)
nedě̀ľama (dual instrumental)
nedě̀ľāmī (instrumental plural)
nedě̀ľī (locative singular)
nedě̀ľu (dual locative)
nedě̀ľāsъ (locative plural)
nedě̀ľe (singular vocative)
nedě̀ľi (dual vocative)
nedě̀ľę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: недѣ́лꙗ (nedě́lja)
Old Ruthenian: недѣ́лꙗ (nedě́lja)
Belarusian: нядзе́ля (njadzjélja)
→? Lithuanian: nedėlia
Carpathian Rusyn: недї́ля (nedjílja)
Ukrainian: неді́ля (nedílja)
Russian: неде́ля (nedélja, “week”)
→ Karelian: netäli (“week”), nedäli
→ Kildin Sami: не̄дтӭль (niedt’el’, “week”)
→ Tuvan: неделя (nedelya)
→ Yakut: нэдиэлэ (nediele, “week”)
→ Yup'ik: nitiliq
→ Estonian: nädal (“week”)
→ Latgalian: nedeļa (“week”)
→ Latvian: nedēļa (“week”)
→ Livonian: nädīļ (“week”)
→ Skolt Sami: neäʹttel (“week”)
→ Votic: näteli (“week”)

desc

Old Novgorodian: недѣлꙗ (nedělja), недилꙗ (nedilja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: недѣлꙗ (nedělja)

Glagolitic script: ⱀⰵⰴⱑⰾⱑ (nedělě)

Bulgarian: неде́ля (nedélja), недя́ля (nedjálja) (dialectal)

Macedonian: не́дела (nédela)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: нѐдеља, нѐдјеља, нѐђеља

Latin script: nèdelja, nèdjelja, nèđelja

Slovene: nedẹ́lja (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desctree

Old Czech: neděle, neděľe (alternative writing)
Czech: neděle

Polabian: nideľă

Old Polish: niedziela
Polish: niedziela
Silesian: niydziela

Slovak: nedeľa

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: niedzela

Slovincian: njêdzêla

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: njeźela

Upper Sorbian: njedźela

Either from *ne (“not”) + *dělo (“work”) + *-ja (perhaps a calque of Ancient Greek ἄπρακτος ἡμέρα (ápraktos hēméra) or calque of Latin diēs fēriātus) or *ne (“not”) + *děliti (“to divide”) + *-ja.
For the meaning, compare:
* Sunday > week: Ojibwe anamaʼe-giizhik, Georgian კვირა (ḳvira), Romani kurko, Navajo damóo, Taos tumį́ku, Karao domingko.
* summer > year: Proto-Slavic *lěto.

calque

ἄπρακτος ἡμέρα


kvasiti

sę (romanization)
kvašenьje (noun-from-verb)
kvasiti (infinitive)
kvasitъ (supine)
kvasilъ (l-participle)
kvašenъ (participle passive past)
kvasimъ (participle passive present)
kvašь (active participle past)
kvasę (active participle present)
kvasixъ (aorist first-person singular)
kvasi (aorist second-person singular)
kvasi (aorist singular third-person)
kvašǫ (first-person present singular)
kvasiši (present second-person singular)
kvasitь (present singular third-person)
kvasixově (aorist dual first-person)
kvasista (aorist dual second-person)
kvasiste (aorist dual third-person)
kvasivě (dual first-person present)
kvasita (dual present second-person)
kvasite (dual present third-person)
kvasixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kvasiste (aorist plural second-person)
kvasišę (aorist plural third-person)
kvasimъ (first-person plural present)
kvasite (plural present second-person)
kvasętь (plural present third-person)
kvašaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kvašaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kvašaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kvasi (imperative second-person singular)
kvasi (imperative singular third-person)
kvašaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kvašaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kvašaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kvasivě (dual first-person imperative)
kvasita (dual imperative second-person)
kvašaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kvašaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kvašaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kvasimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kvasite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: квасити (kvasiti)

Russian: ква́сить (kvásitʹ)

Ukrainian: ква́сити (kvásyty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ква̀ся (kvàsja)

Macedonian: кваси (kvasi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ква̏сити

Latin script: kvȁsiti

Slovene: kvásiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kvasiti

Czech: kvasit

Old Polish: kwasić

Polish: kwasić

Silesian: kwasić

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: kwasëc

Slovincian: kwasëc

Slovak: kvasiť


gostiti

gosťenьje (noun-from-verb)
gostiti (infinitive)
gostitъ (supine)
gostilъ (l-participle)
gosťenъ (participle passive past)
gostimъ (participle passive present)
gosťь (active participle past)
gostę (active participle present)
gostixъ (aorist first-person singular)
gosti (aorist second-person singular)
gosti (aorist singular third-person)
gosťǫ (first-person present singular)
gostiši (present second-person singular)
gostitь (present singular third-person)
gostixově (aorist dual first-person)
gostista (aorist dual second-person)
gostiste (aorist dual third-person)
gostivě (dual first-person present)
gostita (dual present second-person)
gostite (dual present third-person)
gostixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gostiste (aorist plural second-person)
gostišę (aorist plural third-person)
gostimъ (first-person plural present)
gostite (plural present second-person)
gostętь (plural present third-person)
gosťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gosťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gosťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gosti (imperative second-person singular)
gosti (imperative singular third-person)
gosťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gosťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gosťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gostivě (dual first-person imperative)
gostita (dual imperative second-person)
gosťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gosťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gosťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gostimъ (first-person imperative plural)
gostite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гостити (gostiti)

desc

Belarusian: гасьці́ць (hasʹcícʹ) (dialectal)

Russian: гости́ть (gostítʹ)

Ukrainian: гости́ти (hostýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Russian Church Slavonic: гостити (gostiti)

Bulgarian: гостя̀ (gostjà)

Macedonian: гости (gosti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: го̀стити

Latin script: gòstiti

Slovene: gostíti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hostiti

Czech: hostit

Polish: gościć

Slovak: hostiť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: hościć


napisati

napisanьje (noun-from-verb)
napisati (infinitive)
napisatъ (supine)
napisalъ (l-participle)
napisanъ (participle passive past)
napišemъ (participle passive present)
napisavъ (active participle past)
napišę (active participle present)
napisaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
napisa (aorist second-person singular)
napisa (aorist singular third-person)
napišǫ (first-person present singular)
napišeši (present second-person singular)
napišetь (present singular third-person)
napisaxově (aorist dual first-person)
napisasta (aorist dual second-person)
napisaste (aorist dual third-person)
napiševě (dual first-person present)
napišeta (dual present second-person)
napišete (dual present third-person)
napisaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
napisaste (aorist plural second-person)
napisašę (aorist plural third-person)
napišemъ (first-person plural present)
napišete (plural present second-person)
napišǫtь (plural present third-person)
napisaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
napisaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
napisaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
napiši (imperative second-person singular)
napiši (imperative singular third-person)
napisaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
napisaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
napisaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
napišivě (dual first-person imperative)
napišita (dual imperative second-person)
napisaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
napisaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
napisaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
napišimъ (first-person imperative plural)
napišite (imperative plural second-person)
napisanьje (noun-from-verb)
napisati (infinitive)
napisatъ (supine)
napisalъ (l-participle)
napisanъ (participle passive past)
napisajemъ (participle passive present)
napisavъ (active participle past)
napisaję (active participle present)
napisaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
napisa (aorist second-person singular)
napisa (aorist singular third-person)
napisajǫ (first-person present singular)
napisaješi (present second-person singular)
napisajetь (present singular third-person)
napisaxově (aorist dual first-person)
napisasta (aorist dual second-person)
napisaste (aorist dual third-person)
napisajevě (dual first-person present)
napisajeta (dual present second-person)
napisajete (dual present third-person)
napisaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
napisaste (aorist plural second-person)
napisašę (aorist plural third-person)
napisajemъ (first-person plural present)
napisajete (plural present second-person)
napisajǫtь (plural present third-person)
napisaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
napisaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
napisaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
napisaji (imperative second-person singular)
napisaji (imperative singular third-person)
napisaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
napisaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
napisaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
napisajivě (dual first-person imperative)
napisajita (dual imperative second-person)
napisaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
napisaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
napisaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
napisajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
napisajite (imperative plural second-person)

Church Slavonic: написати (napisati) (Russian)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: написати (napisati)

Belarusian: напіса́ць (napisácʹ)

Russian: написа́ть (napisátʹ)

Ukrainian: написа́ти (napysáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: написати (napisati)

Bulgarian: напи́ша (napíša)

Macedonian: на́пише (nápiše)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: написати

Latin script: napísati

Slovene: napísati

West Slavic:

Old Polish: napisać

Polish: napisać

Slovak: napísať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: napisać

Lower Sorbian: napisaś


župa

župa (nominative singular)
župě (dual nominative)
župy (nominative plural)
župy (genitive singular)
župu (dual genitive)
župъ (genitive plural)
župě (dative singular)
župama (dative dual)
župamъ (dative plural)
župǫ (accusative singular)
župě (accusative dual)
župy (accusative plural)
župojǫ (instrumental singular)
župǫ (instrumental singular)
župama (dual instrumental)
župami (instrumental plural)
župě (locative singular)
župu (dual locative)
župasъ (locative plural)
župaxъ (locative plural)
župo (singular vocative)
župě (dual vocative)
župy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: (dialectal) жу́па (žúpa)

Ukrainian: жу́па (žúpa, “salt mine”)

South Slavic:

⇒ Old Church Slavonic: жоупиште (župište, “burial mound”)

Church Slavonic: жупа (župa) (Russian recension)

West Slavic:

Polish: żupa

Probably from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gjaupāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *gewp-eh₂, from *gewp-, an extension of *gew-. Compare Proto-Germanic *kubô (“hut, cove”), Ancient Greek γῡ́πη (gū́pē, “den, cavity”).

cog

, *dupa, *dyra


župa

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: жупа (župa)

Russian: жу́па (žúpa)

Ukrainian: жу́па (žúpa, “region”) (ecclesiastical)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: жоупа (župa)

Bulgarian: жу́па (žúpa) (historical)

Macedonian: жу́па (žúpa) (ecclesiastical)

Serbo-Croatian: (ecclesiastical)

Cyrillic script: жу́па

Latin script: žúpa

Slovene: žúpa (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: župa

Slovak: župa

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: župa

Upper Sorbian: župa

Not entirely clear. Has been compared with Old English ġēap (“broad, spacious”), Lithuanian gaubti (“to cover”).

→ administrative unit


prijati

prijàti (canonical)
prijanьje (noun-from-verb)
prijati (infinitive)
prijatъ (supine)
prijalъ (l-participle)
prijanъ (participle passive past)
prijajemъ (participle passive present)
prijavъ (active participle past)
prijaję (active participle present)
prijaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
prija (aorist second-person singular)
prija (aorist singular third-person)
prijajǫ (first-person present singular)
prijaješi (present second-person singular)
prijajetь (present singular third-person)
prijaxově (aorist dual first-person)
prijasta (aorist dual second-person)
prijaste (aorist dual third-person)
prijajevě (dual first-person present)
prijajeta (dual present second-person)
prijajete (dual present third-person)
prijaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
prijaste (aorist plural second-person)
prijašę (aorist plural third-person)
prijajemъ (first-person plural present)
prijajete (plural present second-person)
prijajǫtь (plural present third-person)
prijaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
prijaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
prijaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
prijaji (imperative second-person singular)
prijaji (imperative singular third-person)
prijaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
prijaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
prijaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
prijajivě (dual first-person imperative)
prijajita (dual imperative second-person)
prijaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
prijaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
prijaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
prijajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
prijajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: прыя́ць (pryjácʹ) (archaic)

Russian: прия́ть (prijátʹ) (archaic)

Ukrainian: прия́ти (pryjáty) (archaic)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: приꙗти (prijati)

Glagolitic: ⱂⱃⰹⱑⱅⰹ (prijati)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: прѝјати

Latin script: prìjati

Slovene: príjati

West Slavic:

Czech: přát

Old Polish: przyjać

⇒ Polish: sprzyjać

Silesian: przŏć

Slovak: priať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pśaś

Upper Sorbian: přeć, přać

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *prīˀjā́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *priH-eh₂-ti, from *priHós (“dear, beloved”). Cognate with Sanskrit प्रीणाति (prīṇā́ti, “to please”), Persian آفریدن (âfaridan, “to create”) and Old High German frīten (“to look after”).


ęzykъ

ęzỳkъ (canonical masculine)
ęzỳkъ (nominative singular)
ęzỳka (dual nominative)
ęzỳci (nominative plural)
ęzỳka (genitive singular)
ęzỳku (dual genitive)
ęzỳkъ (genitive plural)
ęzỳku (dative singular)
ęzỳkoma (dative dual)
ęzỳkomъ (dative plural)
ęzỳkъ (accusative singular)
ęzỳka (accusative dual)
ęzỳky (accusative plural)
ęzỳkъmь (instrumental singular)
ęzỳkomь (instrumental singular)
ęzỳkoma (dual instrumental)
ęzỳkȳ (instrumental plural)
ęzỳcě (locative singular)
ęzỳku (dual locative)
ęzỳcě̄xъ (locative plural)
ęzỳče (singular vocative)
ęzỳka (dual vocative)
ęzỳci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: ѧзꙑ́къ (jęzýkŭ), ꙗзꙑкъ (jazykŭ), ѩзꙑкъ (językŭ)
Old Ruthenian: ѧзы́къ (jazýk), єзы́къ (jezýk)
Belarusian: язы́к (jazýk)
Carpathian Rusyn: язы́к (jazŷ́k)
Ukrainian: язи́к (jazýk)
Russian: язы́к (jazýk)

Old Novgorodian: ѩꙁꙑке (języke)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⱗⰸⱏⰹⰽⱏ (językŭ)

Old Cyrillic script: ѩзꙑкъ (językŭ)
Bulgarian: ези́к (ezík), е́нзик (énzik), индзи́к (indzík) (dialectal)
Macedonian: јазик (jazik)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: јѐзик

Latin script: jèzik

Slovene: jézik (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jazyk, zazyk
Czech: jazyk

Old Polish: język
Polish: język
Silesian: jynzyk

Old Slovak: jazyk
Pannonian Rusyn: язик (jazik)
Slovak: jazyk

Polabian: jǫzĕk

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: jãzëk

Slovincian: jãzëk

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: jězyk

Upper Sorbian: jazyk

*dь̀lgъ ęzỳkъ

*zъlъ ęzỳkъ

*ęzỳci ogňì, *ęzỳci pòlmene

*dьržati ęzỳkъ za zǫby

keep one's lips sealed, hold one's tongue

*mèlti ęzỳkъmь

to expatiate, to spout, to rant (to speak tediously and at length)


čьto

kъto (feminine masculine nominative)
čьto (neuter nominative)
kъto (accusative feminine masculine)
čьto (accusative neuter)
kogo (feminine genitive masculine)
česo (genitive neuter)
komь (feminine locative masculine)
čemь (locative neuter)
komu (dative feminine masculine)
čemu (dative neuter)
cěmь (feminine instrumental masculine)
čimь (instrumental neuter)
*čь (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: чьто (čĭto)

desc

Old Ruthenian: што (što), що (ščo), счо (sčo), что (čto)

Belarusian: што (što), чо (čo) (nonstandard, contraction of genitive), шо (šo) (nonstandard)

Carpathian Rusyn: што (što)

q

Ukrainian: що (ščo), шо (šo) (most western and some dialects of central Ukraine), што (što) (some dialects of western Ukraine), чо (čo) (nonstandard, contraction of genitive)

Russian: что (što), чё (čo) (nonstandard, contraction of genitive), чо (čo) (nonstandard, contraction of genitive), шо (šo) (nonstandard)

desc

Old Novgorodian: цьто (ćĭto), цето (ćeto), цто (ćto)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: чьто (čĭto)

Glagolitic: ⱍⱐⱅⱁ (čĭto)

Bulgarian: що (što)

Macedonian: што (što)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: (Štokavian) што̏, шта̏, (Čakavian) ча̏ (< *čь)

Latin: (Štokavian) štȍ, štȁ, (Čakavian) čȁ (< *čь)

West Slavic:

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: što

From *čь + *-to, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ki, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷid (“what”) (cf. *kʷís). Cognate with Lithuanian ki̇̀tas (“another, next”) and Latvian cits (“other, different”).


kogъda

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: когда (kogda)

Old Ruthenian: къгды (khdy), кгды (gdy)

Ukrainian: ґди (gdy)

Belarusian: (dialectal) кадэ (kade)

Russian: когда́ (kogdá), когды́ (kogdý), (dialectal) ковда́ (kovdá), (dialectal) ковды́ (kovdý), када́ (kadá), колды́ (koldý)

Carpathian Rusyn: кідь (kidʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: къгда (kŭgda), когда (kogda)

Glagolitic script: ⰽⱏⰳⰴⰰ (kŭgda), [Term?]

Bulgarian: кога́ (kogá), (dialectal) къга́ (kǎgá), коги́ (kogí)

Macedonian: ко́га (kóga)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ка̏д, ка̀да

Latin script: kȁd, kàda

Slovene: kdāj (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kehdy

desctree

Old Polish: kiegdy, kiedy
Polish: kiedy
Silesian: kedy

desc

Old Slovak: kadzi, ked, keď, kedy, kedz, kej, kod, koď

Pannonian Rusyn: кед (ked), кеди (kedi)

Slovak: keď, kedy

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: ga, czedë, czej

Slovincian: ga

* From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kas gadas. Equivalent to *ko + *gъda (Gsg. of *godъ) – literally "at what time"
* ЭССЯ: later Slavic relationship *jegъda — *kogъda obviously influenced by Gsg. form of *godъ (with probable reduction *goda > *gъda) and changed previous pair relationship *jeda — *koda. From *ko- + *-da.
* Vasmer: probably originally was *koda. Ending *gъda possibly came from earlier reduction of *vьsegъda, *jьnogъda, where it was generalized to *jegъda, *kogъda, *togъda.
: Compare Lithuanian kadà (“when”), East Lithuanian kadù, Old Prussian kaden, kadden, Latvian kad (“when”), Sanskrit कदा (kadā, “when”), Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬛𐬁 (kadā, “when”).

kъda

perhaps influenced by forms *kъde; *kъto


kričati

c (accent-paradigm)
kričanьje (noun-from-verb)
kričati (infinitive)
kričatъ (supine)
kričalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
kričanъ (participle passive past)
kričimъ (participle passive present)
kričavъ (active participle past)
kričę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
kričaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kriča (aorist second-person singular)
kriča (aorist singular third-person)
kričǫ (first-person present singular)
kričiši (present second-person singular)
kričitь (present singular third-person)
kričaxově (aorist dual first-person)
kričasta (aorist dual second-person)
kričaste (aorist dual third-person)
kričivě (dual first-person present)
kričita (dual present second-person)
kričite (dual present third-person)
kričaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kričaste (aorist plural second-person)
kričašę (aorist plural third-person)
kričimъ (first-person plural present)
kričite (plural present second-person)
kričętь (plural present third-person)
kričaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kričaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kričaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kriči (imperative second-person singular)
kriči (imperative singular third-person)
kričaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kričaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kričaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kričivě (dual first-person imperative)
kričita (dual imperative second-person)
kričaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kričaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kričaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kričimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kričite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кричати (kričati)

Belarusian: крыча́ць (kryčácʹ)

Russian: крича́ть (kričátʹ)

Ukrainian: крича́ти (kryčáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: кричати (kričati)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: крича́ (kričá) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кри́чати

Latin script: kríčati

Slovene: kričáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: křičěti

Czech: křičet

Old Polish: krzyczeć

Polish: krzyczeć

Slovak: kričať

Slovincian: krzëcëc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: křičeć

Lower Sorbian: kśicaś

Non-Slavic:

→? Albanian: kërcas

From *krȋkъ + *-ěti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kreik-. Cognate with Lithuanian krỹkti (“to cry (of birds), to quack”), krỹkšti (“to shout”), Ancient Greek κρίκε (kríke, “(he) squeals, (it) pops”).


laskati

làskati (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
laskanьje (noun-from-verb)
laskati (infinitive)
laskatъ (supine)
laskalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
laskanъ (participle passive past)
laščemъ (participle passive present)
laskavъ (active participle past)
laščę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
laskaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
laska (aorist second-person singular)
laska (aorist singular third-person)
laščǫ (first-person present singular)
laščeši (present second-person singular)
laščetь (present singular third-person)
laskaxově (aorist dual first-person)
laskasta (aorist dual second-person)
laskaste (aorist dual third-person)
laščevě (dual first-person present)
laščeta (dual present second-person)
laščete (dual present third-person)
laskaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
laskaste (aorist plural second-person)
laskašę (aorist plural third-person)
laščemъ (first-person plural present)
laščete (plural present second-person)
laščǫtь (plural present third-person)
laskaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
laskaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
laskaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
lašči (imperative second-person singular)
lašči (imperative singular third-person)
laskaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
laskaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
laskaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
laščivě (dual first-person imperative)
laščita (dual imperative second-person)
laskaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
laskaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
laskaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
laščimъ (first-person imperative plural)
laščite (imperative plural second-person)
a (accent-paradigm)
laskanьje (noun-from-verb)
laskati (infinitive)
laskatъ (supine)
laskalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
laskanъ (participle passive past)
laskajemъ (participle passive present)
laskavъ (active participle past)
laskaję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
laskaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
laska (aorist second-person singular)
laska (aorist singular third-person)
laskajǫ (first-person present singular)
laskaješi (present second-person singular)
laskajetь (present singular third-person)
laskaxově (aorist dual first-person)
laskasta (aorist dual second-person)
laskaste (aorist dual third-person)
laskajevě (dual first-person present)
laskajeta (dual present second-person)
laskajete (dual present third-person)
laskaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
laskaste (aorist plural second-person)
laskašę (aorist plural third-person)
laskajemъ (first-person plural present)
laskajete (plural present second-person)
laskajǫtь (plural present third-person)
laskaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
laskaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
laskaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
laskaji (imperative second-person singular)
laskaji (imperative singular third-person)
laskaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
laskaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
laskaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
laskajivě (dual first-person imperative)
laskajita (dual imperative second-person)
laskaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
laskaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
laskaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
laskajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
laskajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ласкати (laskati)

Belarusian: ласка́ць (laskácʹ) (dialectal)

Russian: ласка́ть (laskátʹ)

Ukrainian: ласка́ти (laskáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: ласкати (laskati)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: ласка́я (laskája)

Macedonian: ласка (laska)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ла̏скати

Latin script: lȁskati

Slovene: láskati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: laskat

Old Polish: łaskać

Polish: głaskać

Slovak: láskať

From Proto-Indo-European *leh₂s-sk-, from *leh₂s-. Balto-Slavic root *lāˀs-, as in Lithuanian lokšnùs (“sensitive”). Cognate with Latin lascīvus (“playful”), per Chernykh also Sanskrit लषति (laṣati, “to thirst, to want”) < *la-ls-ati.


dъva

dъ̏va (canonical)
dъva (dual masculine nominative)
dъvě (dual feminine nominative)
dъvě (dual neuter nominative)
dъva (accusative dual masculine)
dъvě (accusative dual feminine)
dъvě (accusative dual neuter)
dъvoju (dual genitive masculine)
dъvoju (dual feminine genitive)
dъvoju (dual genitive neuter)
dъvoju (dual locative masculine)
dъvoju (dual feminine locative)
dъvoju (dual locative neuter)
dъvěma (dative dual masculine)
dъvěma (dative dual feminine)
dъvěma (dative dual neuter)
dъvěma (dual instrumental masculine)
dъvěma (dual feminine instrumental)
dъvěma (dual instrumental neuter)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дъва (dŭva), два (dva)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: два (dva)
Belarusian: два (dva)
Carpathian Rusyn: два (dva)
Ukrainian: два (dva)

Russian: два (dva)

desc

Old Novgorodian: дова (dova), дъва (dŭva)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: дъва (dŭva)

Glagolitic script: ⰴⱏⰲⰰ (dŭva)

Bulgarian: два (dva)

Macedonian: два (dva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: два̑

Latin script: dvȃ

Slovene: dvȃ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dva

Czech: dva

Polabian: dåvo

desctree

Old Polish: dwa
Polish: dwa
Silesian: dwa

Old Slovak: dva

Pannonian Rusyn: два (dva)

Slovak: dvaja, dva, dve

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: dwa

Slovincian: dwa

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: dwa

Upper Sorbian: dwaj

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *duwō, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ (“two”).


trьje

trь̏je (canonical)
trьje (masculine nominative plural)
tri (feminine nominative plural)
tri (neuter nominative plural)
tri (accusative masculine plural)
tri (accusative feminine plural)
tri (accusative neuter plural)
trьjь (genitive masculine plural)
trьjь (feminine genitive plural)
trьjь (genitive neuter plural)
trьxъ (locative masculine plural)
trьxъ (feminine locative plural)
trьxъ (locative neuter plural)
trьmъ (dative masculine plural)
trьmъ (dative feminine plural)
trьmъ (dative neuter plural)
trьmi (instrumental masculine plural)
trьmi (feminine instrumental plural)
trьmi (instrumental neuter plural)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: три (tri), трие (trije)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: три (tri), трїє (trije)
Belarusian: тры (try); трі (tri) (dialectal)
Carpathian Rusyn: три (try)
Ukrainian: три (try); трийє́ (tryjjé) (dialectal)

Russian: три (tri)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: трьѥ m (trĭje), триѥ m (trije), три n (tri)

Glagolitic: ⱅⱃⱐⰵ m (trĭe), ⱅⱃⰺⰵ m (trie), ⱅⱃⰺ n (tri)

Bulgarian: три (tri)

Macedonian: три (tri)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: три̑

Latin script: trȋ

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: trȋje, trijẹ̑ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: tři
Czech: tři

desctree

Old Polish: trzy, trze, trzej
Polish: trzy
Silesian: trzi

Polabian: tåri

Old Slovak: tri

Pannonian Rusyn: три (tri)

Slovak: traja, tri

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: trzë

Slovincian: trzë

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: tśi

Upper Sorbian: tři

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tríjes, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.


pętь

pę̑tь (canonical feminine)
c (accent-paradigm)
pę̑tь (nominative singular)
pętí (genitive)
pę̑ti (dative)
pę̑tь (accusative singular)
pętьjǫ́ (instrumental)
pętí (locative)
pę̑tь (vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: пѧть (pętĭ)

Old Ruthenian: пѧть (pjatʹ), пєть (pjetʹ)
Belarusian: пяць (pjacʹ)
Carpathian Rusyn: пять (pjatʹ)
Ukrainian: п'ять (pʺjatʹ)

Russian: пять (pjatʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: пѧть (pętĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⱔⱅⱐ (pętĭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пе̑т

Latin script: pȇt

Slovene: pẹ̑t (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: pět
Czech: pět

Old Polish: pięć
Polish: pięć
Silesian: piyńć

Old Slovak: pať, päť, peť, pet, pejc

Pannonian Rusyn: пейц (pejc)

Slovak: päť

Polabian: pąt

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: pińc, pinc, piãc

Slovincian: pjinc

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pěś

Upper Sorbian: pjeć

From *pę̃tъ (“fifth”) + *-ь. Displaced Proto-Balto-Slavic *pénki.


šestь

šȅstь (canonical feminine)
šestь (nominative singular)
šestь (accusative singular)
šeste (genitive singular)
šeste (locative singular)
šesti (dative singular)
šestьjǫ (instrumental singular)

sla-decl-noun-table

Declension of *šestь (consonant stem)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: шесть (šestĭ)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: шесть (šestʹ)
Middle Belarusian: шэсть (šestʹ)
Belarusian: шэсць (šescʹ); шэсьць (šesʹcʹ)
Middle Ukrainian: шѣсть (šistʹ)
Carpathian Rusyn: шість (šistʹ)
Ukrainian: шість (šistʹ)

Russian: шесть (šestʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: шесть (šestĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱎⰵⱄⱅⱐ (šestĭ)

Bulgarian: шест (šest)

Macedonian: шест (šest)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ше̑ст

Latin script: šȇst

Slovene: šẹ̑st (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: šest
Czech: šest

Old Polish: sześć, szeć
Polish: sześć
Silesian: sześć

Old Slovak: šesť

Pannonian Rusyn: шейсц (šejsc)

Slovak: šesť

Polabian: sist

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: szesc

Slovincian: szêsc

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: šesć

Upper Sorbian: šěsć

From Pre-Slavic *šešti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *šéš, from Proto-Indo-European *swéḱs, with -t- taken over from the ordinal *šestъ.


nepogoda

nepogoda (nominative singular)
nepogodě (dual nominative)
nepogody (nominative plural)
nepogody (genitive singular)
nepogodu (dual genitive)
nepogodъ (genitive plural)
nepogodě (dative singular)
nepogodama (dative dual)
nepogodamъ (dative plural)
nepogodǫ (accusative singular)
nepogodě (accusative dual)
nepogody (accusative plural)
nepogodojǫ (instrumental singular)
nepogodǫ (instrumental singular)
nepogodama (dual instrumental)
nepogodami (instrumental plural)
nepogodě (locative singular)
nepogodu (dual locative)
nepogodasъ (locative plural)
nepogodaxъ (locative plural)
nepogodo (singular vocative)
nepogodě (dual vocative)
nepogody (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old Ruthenian: непого́да (nepohóda)

Belarusian: непаго́да (njepahóda)

Ukrainian: непого́да (nepohóda)

Russian: непого́да (nepogóda)

South Slavic:

Macedonian: непогода (nepogoda)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: не̏погода

Latin script: nȅpogoda

Slovene: nepogọ̑da (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: nepohoda

Polish: niepogoda

Slovak: nepohoda


čuvati

čuti (perfective)
čuvanьje (noun-from-verb)
čuvati (infinitive)
čuvatъ (supine)
čuvalъ (l-participle)
čuvanъ (participle passive past)
čuvajemъ (participle passive present)
čuvavъ (active participle past)
čuvaję (active participle present)
čuvaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
čuva (aorist second-person singular)
čuva (aorist singular third-person)
čuvajǫ (first-person present singular)
čuvaješi (present second-person singular)
čuvajetь (present singular third-person)
čuvaxově (aorist dual first-person)
čuvasta (aorist dual second-person)
čuvaste (aorist dual third-person)
čuvajevě (dual first-person present)
čuvajeta (dual present second-person)
čuvajete (dual present third-person)
čuvaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
čuvaste (aorist plural second-person)
čuvašę (aorist plural third-person)
čuvajemъ (first-person plural present)
čuvajete (plural present second-person)
čuvajǫtь (plural present third-person)
čuvaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
čuvaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
čuvaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
čuvaji (imperative second-person singular)
čuvaji (imperative singular third-person)
čuvaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
čuvaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
čuvaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
čuvajivě (dual first-person imperative)
čuvajita (dual imperative second-person)
čuvaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
čuvaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
čuvaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
čuvajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
čuvajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: чу́вам (čúvam, “to hear”)

desc

Macedonian: чува (čuva, “to heed, to guard”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: чу́вати

Latin script: čúvati

Slovene: čūvati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: czuwac

Polish: czuwać

Slovincian: czùwac

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kowh₁éh₂yeti from *(s)kewh₁-. By surface analysis, *čuti + *-vati. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *skawwōną (“to watch”).


po-

East Slavic:

Russian: по- (po-)

Ukrainian: по- (po-)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: по- (po-)

Macedonian: по- (po-)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: по-

Latin script: po-

Slovene: po-

West Slavic:

Old Czech: po-, pó-

Czech: po-, pů-

Old Polish: po-
Polish: po-

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: pò-

Slovincian: pô-

Etymology tree
Proto-Balto-Slavic *pa
Proto-Slavic *po
Proto-Slavic *po-
Prefix form of *po.


teneto

tenetò (canonical neuter)
tenetò (nominative singular)
tenètě (dual nominative)
tenetà (nominative plural)
tenetà (genitive singular)
tenetù (dual genitive)
tenètъ (genitive plural)
tenetù (dative singular)
tenetòma (dative dual)
tenetòmъ (dative plural)
tenetò (accusative singular)
tenètě (accusative dual)
tenetà (accusative plural)
tenetъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
tenetòmь (instrumental singular)
tenetòma (dual instrumental)
tenèty (instrumental plural)
tenetě̀ (locative singular)
tenetù (dual locative)
tenètěxъ (locative plural)
tenetò (singular vocative)
tenètě (dual vocative)
tenetà (plural vocative)

desc

Old East Slavic: тенето (teneto), тонето (toneto)

Belarusian: цянёты (cjanjóty)

Russian: тенёто (tenjóto), тенето́ (tenetó)

Ukrainian: тене́то (tenéto)

South Slavic:

Slovene: tenẹ̑t (tonal orthography) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: teneto

Czech: tenata pl

Slovak: teneto

From Proto-Indo-European *ten- (“to stretch”) + *-eto.


svariti

svarìti (canonical)
svařenьje (noun-from-verb)
svariti (infinitive)
svaritъ (supine)
svarilъ (l-participle)
svařenъ (participle passive past)
svarimъ (participle passive present)
svařь (active participle past)
svarę (active participle present)
svarixъ (aorist first-person singular)
svari (aorist second-person singular)
svari (aorist singular third-person)
svařǫ (first-person present singular)
svariši (present second-person singular)
svaritь (present singular third-person)
svarixově (aorist dual first-person)
svarista (aorist dual second-person)
svariste (aorist dual third-person)
svarivě (dual first-person present)
svarita (dual present second-person)
svarite (dual present third-person)
svarixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
svariste (aorist plural second-person)
svarišę (aorist plural third-person)
svarimъ (first-person plural present)
svarite (plural present second-person)
svarętь (plural present third-person)
svařaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
svařaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
svařaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
svari (imperative second-person singular)
svari (imperative singular third-person)
svařaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
svařaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
svařaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
svarivě (dual first-person imperative)
svarita (dual imperative second-person)
svařaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
svařaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
svařaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
svarimъ (first-person imperative plural)
svarite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сварити (svariti)

desc

Old Ruthenian: свари́ти (svaríti), свари́тисѧ (svarítisja)

Belarusian: свары́ць (svarýcʹ), свары́цца (svarýcca)

Ukrainian: свари́ти (svarýty), свари́тися (svarýtysja)

Russian: свари́ться (svarítʹsja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сварити (svariti)

unspecified script:

Slovene: svariti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Polish: swarzyć

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: swariś

Upper Sorbian: swarić

From Proto-Indo-European *swer-. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *swarjaną.


truditi

truďenьje (noun-from-verb)
truditi (infinitive)
truditъ (supine)
trudilъ (l-participle)
truďenъ (participle passive past)
trudimъ (participle passive present)
truďь (active participle past)
trudę (active participle present)
trudixъ (aorist first-person singular)
trudi (aorist second-person singular)
trudi (aorist singular third-person)
truďǫ (first-person present singular)
trudiši (present second-person singular)
truditь (present singular third-person)
trudixově (aorist dual first-person)
trudista (aorist dual second-person)
trudiste (aorist dual third-person)
trudivě (dual first-person present)
trudita (dual present second-person)
trudite (dual present third-person)
trudixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
trudiste (aorist plural second-person)
trudišę (aorist plural third-person)
trudimъ (first-person plural present)
trudite (plural present second-person)
trudętь (plural present third-person)
truďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
truďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
truďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
trudi (imperative second-person singular)
trudi (imperative singular third-person)
truďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
truďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
truďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
trudivě (dual first-person imperative)
trudita (dual imperative second-person)
truďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
truďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
truďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
trudimъ (first-person imperative plural)
trudite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: трудзіць (trudzicʹ)

Russian: труди́ть (trudítʹ)

Ukrainian: труди́ти (trudýty)

South Slavic

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: троудити (truditi)

Bulgarian: тру̀дя (trùdja)

Macedonian: труди (trudi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тру́дити

Latin script: trúditi

West Slavic

Old Czech: truditi

Czech: trudit

Polish: trudzić

Slovak: trudiť

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: trudi


desiti

dešenьje (noun-from-verb)
desiti (infinitive)
desitъ (supine)
desilъ (l-participle)
dešenъ (participle passive past)
dešь (active participle past)
desixъ (aorist first-person singular)
desi (aorist second-person singular)
desi (aorist singular third-person)
dešǫ (first-person present singular)
desiši (present second-person singular)
desitь (present singular third-person)
desixově (aorist dual first-person)
desista (aorist dual second-person)
desiste (aorist dual third-person)
desivě (dual first-person present)
desita (dual present second-person)
desite (dual present third-person)
desixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
desiste (aorist plural second-person)
desišę (aorist plural third-person)
desimъ (first-person plural present)
desite (plural present second-person)
desętь (plural present third-person)
desi (imperative second-person singular)
desi (imperative singular third-person)
desivě (dual first-person imperative)
desita (dual imperative second-person)
desimъ (first-person imperative plural)
desite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: десити (desiti), дѣсити (děsiti, “find, encounter”), деситисꙗ (desitisja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: десити (desiti, “find, encounter”)

Glagolitic script: ⰴⰵⱄⰹⱅⰹ (desiti, “find, encounter”)

⇒ Bulgarian: Деси-слава (Desi-slava) (proper name)

Bulgarian: де́сим се (désim se) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дѐсити, де̏си̑м, де̏сити, десити се (“happen, occur”); де̏шити, де̏сит (dialectal)

Latin script: dèsiti, dȅsȋm, dȅsiti, desiti se (“happen, occur”); dȅšiti, dȅsit (dialectal)

West Slavic:

⇒ Old Czech: poděsiti (“catch up with, get hold of”)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *deśitei, from Proto-Indo-European *deḱ- (“take, perceive”).


vaditi

a (accent-paradigm)
vaďenьje (noun-from-verb)
vaditi (infinitive)
vaditъ (supine)
vadilъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
vaďenъ (participle passive past)
vadimъ (participle passive present)
vaďь (active participle past)
vadę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
vadixъ (aorist first-person singular)
vadi (aorist second-person singular)
vadi (aorist singular third-person)
vaďǫ (first-person present singular)
vadiši (present second-person singular)
vaditь (present singular third-person)
vadixově (aorist dual first-person)
vadista (aorist dual second-person)
vadiste (aorist dual third-person)
vadivě (dual first-person present)
vadita (dual present second-person)
vadite (dual present third-person)
vadixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vadiste (aorist plural second-person)
vadišę (aorist plural third-person)
vadimъ (first-person plural present)
vadite (plural present second-person)
vadętь (plural present third-person)
vaďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vaďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vaďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vadi (imperative second-person singular)
vadi (imperative singular third-person)
vaďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vaďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vaďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vadivě (dual first-person imperative)
vadita (dual imperative second-person)
vaďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vaďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vaďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vadimъ (first-person imperative plural)
vadite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вадити (vaditi)

desc

Russian: ва́дить (váditʹ, “to slander”) (archaic)

⇒ -ва́дить (-váditʹ)

⇒ -ва́дить (-váditʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: ва́дити ся (vádyty sja, “to argue”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: вадити (vaditi)

Bulgarian: ва́дя (vádja, “to asperse”) (dialectal)

Slovene: váditi (“to report, declare”) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Czech: vadit

Kashubian: wadzyc

Old Polish: wadzić

Polish: wadzić

Slovak: vadiť

Probably causative from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wedH- (“to utter, to call”), cognate with Sanskrit वादयति (vādayati, “to convince, to make to speak”), Ancient Greek αὐδάω (audáō, “to utter”). Further akin to Sanskrit वाद (vāda, “speech, advice”), वदति (vadati, “to speak, to tell”), Ancient Greek αὐδή (audḗ, “voice”).
Often compared with Lithuanian vadi̇̀nti (“to call”) and Latvian vadinât (“to lure”), however, no concensus has been reached if the Slavic verb is related to either of them. Derksen considers it phonologically problematic.

cog

(transitive, by extension) to interfere, to hamper (West Slavic)


vaditi

vàditi (canonical imperfective)
vaďenьje (noun-from-verb)
vaditi (infinitive)
vaditъ (supine)
vadilъ (l-participle)
vaďenъ (participle passive past)
vadimъ (participle passive present)
vaďь (active participle past)
vadę (active participle present)
vadixъ (aorist first-person singular)
vadi (aorist second-person singular)
vadi (aorist singular third-person)
vaďǫ (first-person present singular)
vadiši (present second-person singular)
vaditь (present singular third-person)
vadixově (aorist dual first-person)
vadista (aorist dual second-person)
vadiste (aorist dual third-person)
vadivě (dual first-person present)
vadita (dual present second-person)
vadite (dual present third-person)
vadixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vadiste (aorist plural second-person)
vadišę (aorist plural third-person)
vadimъ (first-person plural present)
vadite (plural present second-person)
vadętь (plural present third-person)
vaďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vaďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vaďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vadi (imperative second-person singular)
vadi (imperative singular third-person)
vaďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vaďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vaďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vadivě (dual first-person imperative)
vadita (dual imperative second-person)
vaďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vaďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vaďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vadimъ (first-person imperative plural)
vadite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Russian: ва́дить (váditʹ, “to lure, to deceive; to protract”) (dialectal)

Carpathian Rusyn: ва́дити (vádyty, “to hang”)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ва́дя (vádja, “to extract”) (standard)

Macedonian: вади (vadi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ва̏дити

Latin script: vȁditi

Slovene: váditi (“to exercise”) (standard)

Most likely an intensive counter-part of *voditi (“to conduct”) with enlonged grade, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wádīˀtei, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wedʰ- (“to lead, to conduct”).
Alterantively, akin to Sanskrit वधति (vadhati, “to slay”), Ancient Greek ὠθέω (ōthéō, “to push”), Hittite [script needed] (ḫuett(i)-, “to pull, pluck”) (per BER), presumably from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wedʰ- (“to pluck, to jerk”).


vaditi

vaďenьje (noun-from-verb)
vaditi (infinitive)
vaditъ (supine)
vadilъ (l-participle)
vaďenъ (participle passive past)
vadimъ (participle passive present)
vaďь (active participle past)
vadę (active participle present)
vadixъ (aorist first-person singular)
vadi (aorist second-person singular)
vadi (aorist singular third-person)
vaďǫ (first-person present singular)
vadiši (present second-person singular)
vaditь (present singular third-person)
vadixově (aorist dual first-person)
vadista (aorist dual second-person)
vadiste (aorist dual third-person)
vadivě (dual first-person present)
vadita (dual present second-person)
vadite (dual present third-person)
vadixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vadiste (aorist plural second-person)
vadišę (aorist plural third-person)
vadimъ (first-person plural present)
vadite (plural present second-person)
vadętь (plural present third-person)
vaďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vaďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vaďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vadi (imperative second-person singular)
vadi (imperative singular third-person)
vaďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vaďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vaďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vadivě (dual first-person imperative)
vadita (dual imperative second-person)
vaďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vaďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vaďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vadimъ (first-person imperative plural)
vadite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ва́дзіць (vádzicʹ)

>? Russian: ва́дить (váditʹ, “to tame”) (dialectal)

desc

Ukrainian: ва́дити (vádyty), ва́дитися (vádytysja)

Identical with one of the above etymologies, but unclear which.
Has been speculated as the origin of personal name Old East Slavic Вадимъ (Vadimŭ) (whence Russian Вади́м (Vadím), Ukrainian Вади́м (Vadým), Belarusian Вадзі́м (Vadzím)), alternatively viewed as corruption of Old Church Slavonic Владимиръ (Vladimirŭ).


piliti

piľenьje (noun-from-verb)
piliti (infinitive)
pilitъ (supine)
pililъ (l-participle)
piľenъ (participle passive past)
pilimъ (participle passive present)
piľь (active participle past)
pilę (active participle present)
pilixъ (aorist first-person singular)
pili (aorist second-person singular)
pili (aorist singular third-person)
piľǫ (first-person present singular)
piliši (present second-person singular)
pilitь (present singular third-person)
pilixově (aorist dual first-person)
pilista (aorist dual second-person)
piliste (aorist dual third-person)
pilivě (dual first-person present)
pilita (dual present second-person)
pilite (dual present third-person)
pilixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
piliste (aorist plural second-person)
pilišę (aorist plural third-person)
pilimъ (first-person plural present)
pilite (plural present second-person)
pilętь (plural present third-person)
piľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
piľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
piľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pili (imperative second-person singular)
pili (imperative singular third-person)
piľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
piľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
piľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pilivě (dual first-person imperative)
pilita (dual imperative second-person)
piľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
piľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
piľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pilimъ (first-person imperative plural)
pilite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: пили́ть (pilítʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: пиля̀ (piljà)

Macedonian: пили (pili)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пи́лити

Latin script: píliti

Slovene: píliti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Polish: pilić


strugati

struganьje (noun-from-verb)
strugati (infinitive)
strugatъ (supine)
strugalъ (l-participle)
struganъ (participle passive past)
stružemъ (participle passive present)
strugavъ (active participle past)
stružę (active participle present)
strugaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
struga (aorist second-person singular)
struga (aorist singular third-person)
stružǫ (first-person present singular)
stružeši (present second-person singular)
stružetь (present singular third-person)
strugaxově (aorist dual first-person)
strugasta (aorist dual second-person)
strugaste (aorist dual third-person)
struževě (dual first-person present)
stružeta (dual present second-person)
stružete (dual present third-person)
strugaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
strugaste (aorist plural second-person)
strugašę (aorist plural third-person)
stružemъ (first-person plural present)
stružete (plural present second-person)
stružǫtь (plural present third-person)
strugaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
strugaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
strugaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
struži (imperative second-person singular)
struži (imperative singular third-person)
strugaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
strugaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
strugaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
struživě (dual first-person imperative)
stružita (dual imperative second-person)
strugaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
strugaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
strugaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
stružimъ (first-person imperative plural)
stružite (imperative plural second-person)
struganьje (noun-from-verb)
strugati (infinitive)
strugatъ (supine)
strugalъ (l-participle)
struganъ (participle passive past)
strugajemъ (participle passive present)
strugavъ (active participle past)
strugaję (active participle present)
strugaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
struga (aorist second-person singular)
struga (aorist singular third-person)
strugajǫ (first-person present singular)
strugaješi (present second-person singular)
strugajetь (present singular third-person)
strugaxově (aorist dual first-person)
strugasta (aorist dual second-person)
strugaste (aorist dual third-person)
strugajevě (dual first-person present)
strugajeta (dual present second-person)
strugajete (dual present third-person)
strugaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
strugaste (aorist plural second-person)
strugašę (aorist plural third-person)
strugajemъ (first-person plural present)
strugajete (plural present second-person)
strugajǫtь (plural present third-person)
strugaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
strugaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
strugaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
strugaji (imperative second-person singular)
strugaji (imperative singular third-person)
strugaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
strugaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
strugaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
strugajivě (dual first-person imperative)
strugajita (dual imperative second-person)
strugaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
strugaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
strugaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
strugajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
strugajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: стругати (strugati)

Russian: струга́ть (strugátʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: стругам (strugam)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: стру́гати

Latin script: strúgati

Slovene: strúgati

West Slavic:

Old Czech: strúhati

Czech: strouhat

Old Polish: strugać

Polish: strugać

Slovak: strúhať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: tšugaś

Upper Sorbian: truhać

Per Vasmer, from Proto-Indo-European *srew- (“to flow, to stream”)


tiskati

tìskati (canonical)
a (accent-paradigm)
tiskanьje (noun-from-verb)
tiskati (infinitive)
tiskatъ (supine)
tiskalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
tiskanъ (participle passive past)
tiščemъ (participle passive present)
tiskavъ (active participle past)
tiščę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
tiskaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
tiska (aorist second-person singular)
tiska (aorist singular third-person)
tiščǫ (first-person present singular)
tiščeši (present second-person singular)
tiščetь (present singular third-person)
tiskaxově (aorist dual first-person)
tiskasta (aorist dual second-person)
tiskaste (aorist dual third-person)
tiščevě (dual first-person present)
tiščeta (dual present second-person)
tiščete (dual present third-person)
tiskaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tiskaste (aorist plural second-person)
tiskašę (aorist plural third-person)
tiščemъ (first-person plural present)
tiščete (plural present second-person)
tiščǫtь (plural present third-person)
tiskaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tiskaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tiskaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
tišči (imperative second-person singular)
tišči (imperative singular third-person)
tiskaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tiskaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tiskaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tiščivě (dual first-person imperative)
tiščita (dual imperative second-person)
tiskaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tiskaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tiskaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tiščimъ (first-person imperative plural)
tiščite (imperative plural second-person)
a (accent-paradigm)
tiskanьje (noun-from-verb)
tiskati (infinitive)
tiskatъ (supine)
tiskalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
tiskanъ (participle passive past)
tiskajemъ (participle passive present)
tiskavъ (active participle past)
tiskaję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
tiskaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
tiska (aorist second-person singular)
tiska (aorist singular third-person)
tiskajǫ (first-person present singular)
tiskaješi (present second-person singular)
tiskajetь (present singular third-person)
tiskaxově (aorist dual first-person)
tiskasta (aorist dual second-person)
tiskaste (aorist dual third-person)
tiskajevě (dual first-person present)
tiskajeta (dual present second-person)
tiskajete (dual present third-person)
tiskaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tiskaste (aorist plural second-person)
tiskašę (aorist plural third-person)
tiskajemъ (first-person plural present)
tiskajete (plural present second-person)
tiskajǫtь (plural present third-person)
tiskaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tiskaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tiskaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
tiskaji (imperative second-person singular)
tiskaji (imperative singular third-person)
tiskaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tiskaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tiskaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tiskajivě (dual first-person imperative)
tiskajita (dual imperative second-person)
tiskaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tiskaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tiskaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tiskajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
tiskajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ці́скаць (cískacʹ)

Russian: ти́скать (tískatʹ), 1sg. ти́скаю (tískaju)

Ukrainian: ти́скати (týskaty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: тискати (tiskati)

Glagolitic script: ⱅⰻⱄⰽⰰⱅⰻ (tiskati)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ти̏скати

Latin script: tȉskati

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: tískati (“to press, to print”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. tískam (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desc

Polish: ciskać (“to hurl”), uciskać (“to press, to squeeze”)

Slovak: tískať, tiskať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: ćiskać (“to move, to press”)

Lower Sorbian: śiskaś (“to move, to press”)

Per Derksen, the Proto-Indo-European root is reconstructible as *teyH- or *teh₁y-, but neither of them can be clearly linked to non-Slavic words. The PIE suffix *-sk- is also present. Per Vasmer and Chernykh, possibly related to *těsto (“dough”), which may be connected with Old Irish tóis-renn, táis (“dough”), Old English þǣsma (“leaven”).


metati

metàti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
metanьje (noun-from-verb)
metati (infinitive)
metatъ (supine)
metalъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
metanъ (participle passive past)
meťemъ (participle passive present)
metavъ (active participle past)
meťę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
metaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
meta (aorist second-person singular)
meta (aorist singular third-person)
meťǫ (first-person present singular)
meťeši (present second-person singular)
meťetь (present singular third-person)
metaxově (aorist dual first-person)
metasta (aorist dual second-person)
metaste (aorist dual third-person)
meťevě (dual first-person present)
meťeta (dual present second-person)
meťete (dual present third-person)
metaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
metaste (aorist plural second-person)
metašę (aorist plural third-person)
meťemъ (first-person plural present)
meťete (plural present second-person)
meťǫtь (plural present third-person)
metaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
metaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
metaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
meťi (imperative second-person singular)
meťi (imperative singular third-person)
metaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
metaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
metaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
meťivě (dual first-person imperative)
meťita (dual imperative second-person)
metaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
metaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
metaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
meťimъ (first-person imperative plural)
meťite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: метати (metati)

Belarusian: мята́цца (mjatácca)

Russian: мета́ть (metátʹ)

Ukrainian: мета́ти (metáty)

Old Novgorodian: мета́ти (metáti)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: метати (metati)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

⇒ Bulgarian: мя́там (mjátam) (via vṛddhi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мѐтати

Latin script: mètati

Slovene: metáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: metati

Czech: metat

Polabian: micĕ

Old Polish: miotać

Polish: miotać, mietać (archaic)

Slovak: metať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: mjataś

Upper Sorbian: mjetać

From the same root as *mestì (“to throw, to sweep”).


lišiti

lišìti (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
lišenьje (noun-from-verb)
lišiti (infinitive)
lišitъ (supine)
lišilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
lišenъ (participle passive past)
lišimъ (participle passive present)
lišь (active participle past)
lišę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
lišixъ (aorist first-person singular)
liši (aorist second-person singular)
liši (aorist singular third-person)
lišǫ (first-person present singular)
lišiši (present second-person singular)
lišitь (present singular third-person)
lišixově (aorist dual first-person)
lišista (aorist dual second-person)
lišiste (aorist dual third-person)
lišivě (dual first-person present)
lišita (dual present second-person)
lišite (dual present third-person)
lišixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
lišiste (aorist plural second-person)
lišišę (aorist plural third-person)
lišimъ (first-person plural present)
lišite (plural present second-person)
lišętь (plural present third-person)
lišaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
lišaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
lišaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
liši (imperative second-person singular)
liši (imperative singular third-person)
lišaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
lišaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
lišaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
lišivě (dual first-person imperative)
lišita (dual imperative second-person)
lišaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
lišaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
lišaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
lišimъ (first-person imperative plural)
lišite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: лишити (lišiti) (11th century)

Belarusian: лішы́ць (lišýcʹ) (obsolete)

Russian: лиши́ть (lišítʹ)

Ukrainian: лиши́ти (lyšýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: лишити (lišiti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: лиша́ (lišá)

Macedonian: лиши (liši)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ли́шити

Latin script: líšiti

West Slavic:

Czech: lišit

Old Polish: liszyć

Polish: liszyć (obsolete)

Slovak: líšiť

From *lixъ (“superfluous, incorrect”) + *-iti.


kaliti

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ка́лити

Latin script: káliti

Slovene: kalíti

West Slavic:

Czech: kaliti

Kashubian: kalëc

Polish: kalić (obsolete)

Slovak: kaliť


kaliti

East Slavic:

desc

Russian: кали́ть (kalítʹ, “to heat, roast”)

Ukrainian: кали́ти (kalýty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: каля́ (kaljá, “to temper, case-harden”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ка́лити (“to temper, case-harden”)

Latin script: káliti

Slovene: kalíti (“to temper, case-harden”)

West Slavic:

Czech: kalit (“to temper, case-harden”)

Slovak: kaliť (“to temper, case-harden”)

Uncertain.
According to one hypothesis, cognate with Latin callus (“hard”) and a group of Celtic words with senses like 'hard, strong, cruel', e. g. Gaulish Caleti, Old Irish calad, Welsh caled etc. Thus possibly derived from Proto-Indo-European *keHl-/*kHl-.
According to Trubachev, a Slavic semantical development in the Iron Age from *kaliti I, explained by clay (which was used in the tempering process) muddling the water in which the metal ware was tempered. In such a case the aforementioned Celtic words may have developed from *ḱlH-eto (“cold”), see Proto-Celtic *kaletos, as proposed by Joseph (leaving callus without an etymology).
Relation to Latvian kàlstu, kàlst (“to dry up, solidify”) is unclear.


vitati

vitanьje (noun-from-verb)
vitati (infinitive)
vitatъ (supine)
vitalъ (l-participle)
vitanъ (participle passive past)
vitajemъ (participle passive present)
vitavъ (active participle past)
vitaję (active participle present)
vitaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
vita (aorist second-person singular)
vita (aorist singular third-person)
vitajǫ (first-person present singular)
vitaješi (present second-person singular)
vitajetь (present singular third-person)
vitaxově (aorist dual first-person)
vitasta (aorist dual second-person)
vitaste (aorist dual third-person)
vitajevě (dual first-person present)
vitajeta (dual present second-person)
vitajete (dual present third-person)
vitaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vitaste (aorist plural second-person)
vitašę (aorist plural third-person)
vitajemъ (first-person plural present)
vitajete (plural present second-person)
vitajǫtь (plural present third-person)
vitaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vitaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vitaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vitaji (imperative second-person singular)
vitaji (imperative singular third-person)
vitaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vitaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vitaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vitajivě (dual first-person imperative)
vitajita (dual imperative second-person)
vitaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vitaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vitaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vitajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
vitajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: витати (vitati)

Old Ruthenian: витати (vitati)

Belarusian: віта́ць (vitácʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: вита́ти (vytáty)

Ukrainian: вита́ти (vytáty)

Russian: вита́ть (vitátʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: витати (vitati)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⰻⱅⰰⱅⰻ (vitati)

Bulgarian: вита́я (vitája)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vítati

Czech: vítat

Old Polish: witać

Polish: witać

→ Ukrainian: віта́ти (vitáty)

Slovak: vitať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: witaś

Upper Sorbian: witać

Pokorny derives the root from Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁- (“to pursue, hunt”), though Derksen leaves the origin open.
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian vietà (“place”), Latvian vieta (“place”), pavietat (“to lodge”).

der

to dwell in, to live in, to inhabit; habitation; inhabitant, dweller; abode, dwelling, habitation; inn, lodging, monastery

obitati*obitanьje ()*obitateljь ()*obitělь ()*obitělišče


globiti

globľenьje (noun-from-verb)
globiti (infinitive)
globitъ (supine)
globilъ (l-participle)
globľenъ (participle passive past)
globimъ (participle passive present)
globľь (active participle past)
globę (active participle present)
globixъ (aorist first-person singular)
globi (aorist second-person singular)
globi (aorist singular third-person)
globľǫ (first-person present singular)
globiši (present second-person singular)
globitь (present singular third-person)
globixově (aorist dual first-person)
globista (aorist dual second-person)
globiste (aorist dual third-person)
globivě (dual first-person present)
globita (dual present second-person)
globite (dual present third-person)
globixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
globiste (aorist plural second-person)
globišę (aorist plural third-person)
globimъ (first-person plural present)
globite (plural present second-person)
globętь (plural present third-person)
globľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
globľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
globľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
globi (imperative second-person singular)
globi (imperative singular third-person)
globľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
globľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
globľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
globivě (dual first-person imperative)
globita (dual imperative second-person)
globľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
globľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
globľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
globimъ (first-person imperative plural)
globite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: глобиться (globitʹsja)

Ukrainian: глоби́ти (hlobýty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: глобя́ (globjá)

Macedonian: глоби (globi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гло̀бити

Latin script: glòbiti

Slovene: globiti

West Slavic:

Czech: hlobiti, hłobiť (dialectal)

Old Polish: głobić

Polish: głobić (archaic)

Slovak: hlobiť, hlobic (dialectal)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: głobiś (archaic)


globa

globa (nominative singular)
globě (dual nominative)
globy (nominative plural)
globy (genitive singular)
globu (dual genitive)
globъ (genitive plural)
globě (dative singular)
globama (dative dual)
globamъ (dative plural)
globǫ (accusative singular)
globě (accusative dual)
globy (accusative plural)
globojǫ (instrumental singular)
globǫ (instrumental singular)
globama (dual instrumental)
globami (instrumental plural)
globě (locative singular)
globu (dual locative)
globasъ (locative plural)
globaxъ (locative plural)
globo (singular vocative)
globě (dual vocative)
globy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: глоба́ (globá), гло́ба (glóba) (dialectal)

desc

Ukrainian: глоба́ (hlobá), гло́ба (hlóba) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: гло́ба (glóba)

Macedonian: глоба (globa)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гло̏ба

Latin script: glȍba

Slovene: globa

West Slavic:

Old Polish: głoba

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: głoba

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: gjobë


stuga

stuga (nominative singular)
studzě (dual nominative)
stugy (nominative plural)
stugy (genitive singular)
stugu (dual genitive)
stugъ (genitive plural)
studzě (dative singular)
stugama (dative dual)
stugamъ (dative plural)
stugǫ (accusative singular)
studzě (accusative dual)
stugy (accusative plural)
stugojǫ (instrumental singular)
stugǫ (instrumental singular)
stugama (dual instrumental)
stugami (instrumental plural)
studzě (locative singular)
stugu (dual locative)
stugasъ (locative plural)
stugaxъ (locative plural)
stugo (singular vocative)
studzě (dual vocative)
stugy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

⇒ Old East Slavic: Сту́гна (Stúgna, “Stuhna river”) (hydronym)

>? Ukrainian: сту́га (stúha, “mire, peat swamp”) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

⇒ Bulgarian: сту́глица (stúglica, “node in a tree”) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian: (obsolete, historical)

Cyrillic script: сту̏га (“type of hollow container”)

Latin script: stȕga, strùglina (“wooden trough”) (dialectal)

Per Skok, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg-, a g-extension of *(s)tew- (“to pound, to strike”).
In Czech, Slovak, there is attested stuha (“ribbon”), which Vasmer derives from unrelated Proto-Slavic *sъtǫga (“knot, splice”) whence Old East Slavic сътуга (sŭtuga), Russian стуга (stuga, “conjoint”).

(perhaps) small land depression, groove → mire (in dialectal East Slavic)


bry

bry̑ (canonical feminine)
bry̑ (nominative singular)
brъ̏vi (dual nominative)
brъ̏vi (nominative plural)
brъ̏ve (genitive singular)
brъvù (dual genitive)
brъ̀vъ (genitive plural)
brъ̏vi (dative singular)
brъvьmà (dative dual)
brъvàma (dative dual)
brъ̏vьmъ (dative plural)
brъ̏vamъ (dative plural)
brъ̏vь (accusative singular)
brъ̏vi (accusative dual)
brъ̏vi (accusative plural)
brъvьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
brъvьmà (dual instrumental)
brъvàma (dual instrumental)
brъvьmì (instrumental plural)
brъvamì (instrumental plural)
brъ̏ve (locative singular)
brъvù (dual locative)
brъ̏vьxъ (locative plural)
brъ̏vaxъ (locative plural)
bry̑ (singular vocative)
brъ̏vi (dual vocative)
brъ̏vi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: бръвь (brŭvĭ)

Belarusian: брыво́ (bryvó)

Russian: бровь (brovʹ)

Ukrainian: брова́ (brová)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: брꙑ (bry)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: бръв (brǎv) (dialectal), бъ́рва (bǎ́rva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бр̑в (13th c.) > о̏брва

Latin: bȓv (13th c.) > ȍbrva

Slovene: obȓv (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: brev

Czech: brva

Polabian: bråvoi pl

desctree

Old Polish: brew
Polish: brew
Silesian: brew, brwia

Slovak: brva

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: brëwiô

Slovincian: brëwjé

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *brū́ˀs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃bʰrúHs.


ploča

plòča (canonical feminine)
*ploka (alternative)
ploča (nominative singular)
ploči (dual nominative)
pločę̇ (nominative plural)
pločę̇ (genitive singular)
ploču (dual genitive)
pločь (genitive plural)
ploči (dative singular)
pločama (dative dual)
pločamъ (dative plural)
pločǫ (accusative singular)
ploči (accusative dual)
pločę̇ (accusative plural)
pločejǫ (instrumental singular)
pločǫ (instrumental singular)
pločama (dual instrumental)
pločami (instrumental plural)
ploči (locative singular)
ploču (dual locative)
pločasъ (locative plural)
pločaxъ (locative plural)
ploče (singular vocative)
ploči (dual vocative)
pločę̇ (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: пло́ча (plóča)

Macedonian: плоча (ploča)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пло̏ча

Latin script: plȍča

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: plọ́ča, ploka (tonal orthography) (obsolete)

⇒ Slovene: pločevína

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: ploçe

→ Aromanian: ploța

→ Romanian: plocea

From late Proto-Indo-European *plek- (“to flatten”), akin to Lithuanian plõkas (“table, flat surface”), Ancient Greek πλάξ (pláx, “flat surface”).


sterti

stérti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
stьrtьje (noun-from-verb)
sterti (infinitive)
stertъ (supine)
stьrlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
stьrtъ (participle passive past)
stьromъ (participle passive present)
stьrъ (active participle past)
stьry (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
sterxъ (aorist first-person singular)
ster (aorist second-person singular)
ster (aorist singular third-person)
stьrǫ (first-person present singular)
stьreši (present second-person singular)
stьretь (present singular third-person)
sterxově (aorist dual first-person)
stersta (aorist dual second-person)
sterste (aorist dual third-person)
stьrevě (dual first-person present)
stьreta (dual present second-person)
stьrete (dual present third-person)
sterxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sterste (aorist plural second-person)
steršę (aorist plural third-person)
stьremъ (first-person plural present)
stьrete (plural present second-person)
stьrǫtь (plural present third-person)
stьrěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
stьrěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
stьrěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
stьri (imperative second-person singular)
stьri (imperative singular third-person)
stьrěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
stьrěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
stьrěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
stьrěvě (dual first-person imperative)
stьrěta (dual imperative second-person)
stьrěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
stьrěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
stьrěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
stьrěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
stьrěte (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Church Slavonic: стрети (streti)

Slovene: strẹ́ti (tonal orthography) (dated)

West Slavic:

Slovak: strieť

Derived from Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃- (“to stretch out”).


divizna

divizna (nominative singular)
divizně (dual nominative)
divizny (nominative plural)
divizny (genitive singular)
diviznu (dual genitive)
diviznъ (genitive plural)
divizně (dative singular)
diviznama (dative dual)
diviznamъ (dative plural)
diviznǫ (accusative singular)
divizně (accusative dual)
divizny (accusative plural)
diviznojǫ (instrumental singular)
diviznǫ (instrumental singular)
diviznama (dual instrumental)
diviznami (instrumental plural)
divizně (locative singular)
diviznu (dual locative)
diviznasъ (locative plural)
diviznaxъ (locative plural)
divizno (singular vocative)
divizně (dual vocative)
divizny (plural vocative)

all have been checked and have the meaning Verbascum

East Slavic:

Belarusian: дзiвáнна (dzivánna), dialectally also дзiвана (dzivana), дзiвена (dzivjena)

q

Russian: дива́нка (divánka), дивена (divena), дивина (divina) (all only regionally, and the stress is not told save for the first in Даль)

Ukrainian: дивина́ (dyvyná) (standard stress, dialectally also диви́на (dyvýna))

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: диви́зна (divízna), диви́зма (divízma) (of limited currency)

Macedonian: дивизма (divizma)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дивѝзма

Latin script: divìzma

West Slavic:

Old Czech: divizna

Czech: divizna

Polish: dziewanna, dialectally dziwizna

Slovak: divizna, displaced by now standard divozel

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: dźiwizna

The form *divina for this plant seems secondary by relation to the suffix *-ina, somewhat interchangeable with *-izna, *divina literally meaning any animal or plant product of wild (*divъ) origin; a contamination with *devęsilъ is also evident, looking at the Slovak form. A derivation from *divъ (“wild”) is uncertain, though tempting. The word is recorded in Dacian as διέσεμα, a borrowing from which has been considered; it is also attested, however, in Lithuanian devynspė͂kė, devynjėgė, still meaning the same plant, but reconstructions for Proto-Indo-European are too daring because of the limited distribution of the plant name.


oldi

oldi (nominative singular)
oldьji (dual nominative)
oldьję̇ (nominative plural)
oldьję̇ (genitive singular)
oldьju (dual genitive)
oldьjь (genitive plural)
oldьji (dative singular)
oldьjama (dative dual)
oldьjamъ (dative plural)
oldьjǫ (accusative singular)
oldьji (accusative dual)
oldьję̇ (accusative plural)
oldьjejǫ (instrumental singular)
oldьjǫ (instrumental singular)
oldьjama (dual instrumental)
oldьjami (instrumental plural)
oldьji (locative singular)
oldьju (dual locative)
oldьjasъ (locative plural)
oldьjaxъ (locative plural)
oldьje (singular vocative)
oldьji (dual vocative)
oldьję̇ (plural vocative)
*oldьji (alternative)
*oldьja (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: лоди (lodi), лодь (lodĭ), лодьꙗ (lodĭja), алъдиꙗ (alŭdija)

Old Ruthenian: лодь (lodʹ), лодьꙗ (lodʹja)

Ukrainian: лодь (lodʹ), ло́дя (lódja)

Russian: лодь (lodʹ), ладья́ (ladʹjá), олдья́ (oldʹjá), dial. ло́дья (lódʹja), ло́дка (lódka)

→ Middle High German: loddie, loddige

→ Swedish: lodja

→ Norwegian Bokmål: lodje

→ Baltic German: Lodje

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ладии (ladii), ал(ъ)дии (al(ŭ)dii)

→ Old East Slavic: ладиꙗ (ladija)

Bulgarian: ла́дия (ládija), ло́дка (lódka)

Macedonian: лаѓа (laǵa)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ла̑ђа

Latin script: lȃđa

Slovene: ládja (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: lodí, lodie

Czech: loď

Polabian: lüďă

Old Polish: łódź, łodzia
Polish: łódź

Old Slovak: lodí

Slovak: loď

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: łódź

Lower Sorbian: łoź

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *aldjāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂oldʰeh₂, *h₂eldʰeh₂ (“hollowed-out trough, vessel”).
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian eldijà, aldijà (“hollowed out tree trunk, canoe”).
Indo-European cognates include Old English ealdoht, aldaht (“trough, vessel”), Proto-Germanic *aldǭ (“trough, hollow (of a tree)”), German alden (“furrow”) (dialectal), Tocharian B olyi (“vessel, ship, boat”) (< *oldy-). The Early Slavs used dugout canoes.


živica

živìca (canonical feminine)
živìca (nominative singular)
živici (dual nominative)
živicę̇ (nominative plural)
živicę̇ (genitive singular)
živicu (dual genitive)
živicь (genitive plural)
živici (dative singular)
živicama (dative dual)
živicamъ (dative plural)
živicǫ (accusative singular)
živici (accusative dual)
živicę̇ (accusative plural)
živicejǫ (instrumental singular)
živicǫ (instrumental singular)
živicama (dual instrumental)
živicami (instrumental plural)
živici (locative singular)
živicu (dual locative)
živicasъ (locative plural)
živicaxъ (locative plural)
živìce (singular vocative)
živici (dual vocative)
živicę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: живи́ца (živíca)

→ Yiddish: זשיוועצע (zhivetse)

Ukrainian: живи́ця (žyvýcja)

West Slavic:

Czech: živice

Polish: żywica

Slovak: živica

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: žiwica

Lower Sorbian: žywica

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃w- (“to live”).
Indo-European cognates include Old Irish bí (“pitch”), Old Armenian կիւ (kiw, “tree pitch, mastic, chewing gum”).


lučiti

lučìti (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
lučenьje (noun-from-verb)
lučiti (infinitive)
lučitъ (supine)
lučilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
lučenъ (participle passive past)
lučimъ (participle passive present)
lučь (active participle past)
lučę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
lučixъ (aorist first-person singular)
luči (aorist second-person singular)
luči (aorist singular third-person)
lučǫ (first-person present singular)
lučiši (present second-person singular)
lučitь (present singular third-person)
lučixově (aorist dual first-person)
lučista (aorist dual second-person)
lučiste (aorist dual third-person)
lučivě (dual first-person present)
lučita (dual present second-person)
lučite (dual present third-person)
lučixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
lučiste (aorist plural second-person)
lučišę (aorist plural third-person)
lučimъ (first-person plural present)
lučite (plural present second-person)
lučętь (plural present third-person)
lučaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
lučaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
lučaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
luči (imperative second-person singular)
luči (imperative singular third-person)
lučaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
lučaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
lučaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
lučivě (dual first-person imperative)
lučita (dual imperative second-person)
lučaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
lučaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
lučaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
lučimъ (first-person imperative plural)
lučite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: лучити (lučiti), лучитисѧ (lučitisę)

Belarusian: лу́чыць (lúčycʹ) (dialectal)

Russian: лучи́ть (lučítʹ) (dialectal), лучи́ться (lučítʹsja)

Ukrainian: лу́чити (lúčyty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: лоучити (lučiti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: лу́ча (lúča) (archaic; dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: лу́чити, лучити (Mažuranić's dictionary)

Latin: lúčiti, lučiti (Mažuranić's dictionary)

Slovene: lučīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: lučiti

Old Polish: łuczyć

Slovak: lúčiť

* Per Derksen, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *laukīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *lowk-éye-ti, causative/iterative from the root *lewk- (“light”).
* Vasmer assumes the same Indo-European root and postulates the following semantic development: "light" > "see" > "look for" > "wait for" > "get" > "accomplish, reach, throw, etc.".

to accomplish, find, receive, get, aim, reach, attain (?)


zavada

zavada (nominative singular)
zavadě (dual nominative)
zavady (nominative plural)
zavady (genitive singular)
zavadu (dual genitive)
zavadъ (genitive plural)
zavadě (dative singular)
zavadama (dative dual)
zavadamъ (dative plural)
zavadǫ (accusative singular)
zavadě (accusative dual)
zavady (accusative plural)
zavadojǫ (instrumental singular)
zavadǫ (instrumental singular)
zavadama (dual instrumental)
zavadami (instrumental plural)
zavadě (locative singular)
zavadu (dual locative)
zavadasъ (locative plural)
zavadaxъ (locative plural)
zavado (singular vocative)
zavadě (dual vocative)
zavady (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old Ruthenian: зава́да (zaváda)

Belarusian: зава́да (zaváda)

Ukrainian: зава́да (zaváda)

Russian: зава́да (zaváda) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: за̑вада

Latin script: zȃvada

Slovene: zavȃda

West Slavic:

Old Czech: závada

Czech: závada

Old Polish: zawada

Polish: zawada

Slovak: závada

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: zawada

Lower Sorbian: zawada

From *zavaditi + *-a, from *za + *vaditi.


korľь

kõrľь (canonical masculine)
kõrľь (nominative singular)
kōrľà (dual nominative)
kōrľì (nominative plural)
kōrľà (genitive singular)
kōrľù (dual genitive)
kõrľь (genitive plural)
kōrľù (dative singular)
kōrľèma (dative dual)
kõrľemъ (dative plural)
kõrľь (accusative singular)
kōrľà (accusative dual)
kōrľę̇̀ (accusative plural)
kōrľь̀mь (instrumental singular)
kōrľèmь (instrumental singular)
kōrľèma (dual instrumental)
kõrľi (instrumental plural)
kōrľì (locative singular)
kōrľù (dual locative)
kõrľixъ (locative plural)
korľu (singular vocative)
kōrľà (dual vocative)
kōrľì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: король (korolĭ)
Old Ruthenian: коро́ль (korólʹ)
Belarusian: каро́ль (karólʹ)
Carpathian Rusyn: коро́ль (korólʹ)
Ukrainian: коро́ль (korólʹ)
→ Old Lithuanian: karãlius
Lithuanian: karãlius
→ Latvian: karalis
Russian: коро́ль (korólʹ)
→ Kazakh: король (korol)
→ Kyrgyz: король (korol)
→ Tatar: король (qorol’)
→ Turkmen: korol
→ Uzbek: korol

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: крал (kral)

Old Church Slavonic: краль (kralĭ)

→ Romanian: crai

Macedonian: крал (kral)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кра̑љ

Latin script: krȃlj

Slovene: králj (tonal orthography)

→ Hungarian: király

→ Ottoman Turkish: قرال (kral)
Turkish: kral
→ Northern Kurdish: kral, qral
→ Azerbaijani: kral
→ Crimean Tatar: qıral

West Slavic:

Old Czech: král, kráľ (alternative writing)
Czech: král
→ Lower Sorbian: kral
→ Upper Sorbian: kral
→ Russian: краль (kralʹ)
Knaanic: קרל (krl)
→ Old Ruthenian: краль (kralʹ)

Old Polish: król
Polish: król
Silesian: krōl
→ Old Ruthenian: кроль (krolʹ), круль (krulʹ)

Old Slovak: kráľ
Pannonian Rusyn: краль (kralʹ)
Slovak: kráľ

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: król

Slovincian: król

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: krol

Generally agreed to derive from Old High German Karl, name of the Frankish ruler Charlemagne (742-814), who ruled the western areas of Slavdom, from Proto-Germanic *karilaz (“free man”).
Extended derivation:
* Old High German Karl > Late Proto-Slavic *kõrľь
The shift from hard o-stem to the soft jo-stem, as outlined in the chronology above, has several theories of origin:
* Holzer explains the j-suffix as originating from a substantivized possessive adjective
* Schenker suggests analogical replacement after agent nouns ending in *-teľь or other words denoting leaders such as *cěsařь and *kъnędzь
* Pronk-Tiethoff suggests the final *-ľь is due to the fact that Proto-Slavs likely perceived the Old High German final consonant as soft, similarly as in the loanword *grędeľь.
The word has been described as "without doubt the most famous Germanic loanword in Slavic" (Pronk-Tiethoff 2013) due to the fact that it's the only loanword in Slavic that can actually be dated, thus giving clues to the absolute dating of Proto-Slavic phonological developments. The fact that it regularly underwent historical Proto-Slavic sound laws, and that it's reflected in all three branches, is one of the chief indications to date Late Proto-Slavic (Common Slavic) to the ninth century.
However, this is comparatively late (only a century before Old Church Slavonic manuscripts were written), so other etymologies have been suggested:
* Holzer derives it from the name of the Frankish ruler Charles Martel (688-741). The issue with this theory is that Charles Martel was not particularly important to the contemporary Slavs.
* Stender-Petersen derives it from Proto-Germanic *kar(i)laz (“free man”) (Old High German karl (“man”)) with a semantic shift explained as "very ordinary".
These theories are generally thought of as less convincing than from Karl "Charlemagne", who was an actual king of (some) Slavs.