strojь

stròjь (canonical masculine)
stròjь (nominative singular)
strojì (dual nominative)
stròjьjē (nominative plural)
stròji (genitive singular)
stròjьju (dual genitive)
strojь̀jь (genitive plural)
strojì (dative singular)
stròjьma (dative dual)
strojь̀mъ (dative plural)
stròjь (accusative singular)
strojì (accusative dual)
strojì (accusative plural)
strojь̀mь (instrumental singular)
stròjьma (dual instrumental)
stròjьmī (instrumental plural)
stròji (locative singular)
stròjьju (dual locative)
strojь̀xъ (locative plural)
stroji (singular vocative)
strojì (dual vocative)
stròjьjē (plural vocative)

Marko Snoj
be:Аляксандр Мікалаевіч Булыка

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: строи (stroi)

Old Ruthenian: строй (stroj)

Belarusian: строй (stroj)

Ukrainian: стрій (strij)

Middle Russian: строи (stroi)

Russian: строй (stroj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: строи (stroi)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱅⱃⱁⰹ (stroi)

Bulgarian: строй (stroj)

Macedonian: строј (stroj)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: стро̑ј

Latin script: strȏj

Slovene: strȍj (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: stroj

Czech: stroj

Old Polish: strój

Polish: strój

Slovak: stroj

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: stroj

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *strájas, from Proto-Indo-European *stroyos, from *sterh₃- (“to spread, stretch out”). Cognate with Latvian strãjа (“straw-lined stall”), Latin striа (“furrow, fold”), striātus (“folded”).


dovьlěti

dovьlěnьje (noun-from-verb)
dovьlěti (infinitive)
dovьlětъ (supine)
dovьlělъ (l-participle)
dovьlěnъ (participle passive past)
dovьľemъ (participle passive present)
dovьlěvъ (active participle past)
dovьľę (active participle present)
dovьlěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dovьlě (aorist second-person singular)
dovьlě (aorist singular third-person)
dovьľǫ (first-person present singular)
dovьľeši (present second-person singular)
dovьľetь (present singular third-person)
dovьlěxově (aorist dual first-person)
dovьlěsta (aorist dual second-person)
dovьlěste (aorist dual third-person)
dovьľevě (dual first-person present)
dovьľeta (dual present second-person)
dovьľete (dual present third-person)
dovьlěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dovьlěste (aorist plural second-person)
dovьlěšę (aorist plural third-person)
dovьľemъ (first-person plural present)
dovьľete (plural present second-person)
dovьľǫtь (plural present third-person)
dovьlěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dovьlěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dovьlěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dovьľi (imperative second-person singular)
dovьľi (imperative singular third-person)
dovьlěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dovьlěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dovьlěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dovьľivě (dual first-person imperative)
dovьľita (dual imperative second-person)
dovьlěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dovьlěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dovьlěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dovьľimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dovьľite (imperative plural second-person)
dovьlěnьje (noun-from-verb)
dovьlěti (infinitive)
dovьlětъ (supine)
dovьlělъ (l-participle)
dovьlěnъ (participle passive past)
dovьlějemъ (participle passive present)
dovьlěvъ (active participle past)
dovьlěję (active participle present)
dovьlěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dovьlě (aorist second-person singular)
dovьlě (aorist singular third-person)
dovьlějǫ (first-person present singular)
dovьlěješi (present second-person singular)
dovьlějetь (present singular third-person)
dovьlěxově (aorist dual first-person)
dovьlěsta (aorist dual second-person)
dovьlěste (aorist dual third-person)
dovьlějevě (dual first-person present)
dovьlějeta (dual present second-person)
dovьlějete (dual present third-person)
dovьlěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dovьlěste (aorist plural second-person)
dovьlěšę (aorist plural third-person)
dovьlějemъ (first-person plural present)
dovьlějete (plural present second-person)
dovьlějǫtь (plural present third-person)
dovьlěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dovьlěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dovьlěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dovьlěji (imperative second-person singular)
dovьlěji (imperative singular third-person)
dovьlěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dovьlěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dovьlěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dovьlějivě (dual first-person imperative)
dovьlějita (dual imperative second-person)
dovьlěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dovьlěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dovьlěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dovьlějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dovьlějite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: довълѣти (dovŭlěti), довлѣти (dovlěti), довьлꙗти (dovĭljati)

Russian: довле́ть (dovlétʹ) (obsolete, nonstandard)

Ukrainian: довлі́ти (dovlíty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: довьлѣти (dovĭlěti)

Bulgarian: довле́я (dovléja) (archaic)

Slovene: dovlẹ́ti (tonal orthography) (formal)

From *do- + Proto-Indo-European *welh₁- (“to wish”) + *-ěti. Underlying verb cognate with Proto-Germanic *wiljaną (“to will”).


bernъ

bernъ (masculine nominative singular)
berna (feminine nominative singular)
berno (neuter nominative singular)
berna (genitive masculine singular)
berny (feminine genitive singular)
berna (genitive neuter singular)
bernu (dative masculine singular)
berně (dative feminine singular)
bernu (dative neuter singular)
bernъ (accusative masculine singular)
bernǫ (accusative feminine singular)
berno (accusative neuter singular)
bernomь (instrumental masculine singular)
bernojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
bernomь (instrumental neuter singular)
berně (locative masculine singular)
berně (feminine locative singular)
berně (locative neuter singular)
berne (masculine singular vocative)
berno (feminine singular vocative)
berno (neuter singular vocative)
berna (dual masculine nominative)
berně (dual feminine nominative)
berně (dual neuter nominative)
bernu (dual genitive masculine)
bernu (dual feminine genitive)
bernu (dual genitive neuter)
bernoma (dative dual masculine)
bernama (dative dual feminine)
bernoma (dative dual neuter)
berna (accusative dual masculine)
berně (accusative dual feminine)
berně (accusative dual neuter)
bernoma (dual instrumental masculine)
bernama (dual feminine instrumental)
bernoma (dual instrumental neuter)
bernu (dual locative masculine)
bernu (dual feminine locative)
bernu (dual locative neuter)
berna (dual masculine vocative)
berně (dual feminine vocative)
berně (dual neuter vocative)
berni (masculine nominative plural)
berny (feminine nominative plural)
berna (neuter nominative plural)
bernъ (genitive masculine plural)
bernъ (feminine genitive plural)
bernъ (genitive neuter plural)
bernomъ (dative masculine plural)
bernamъ (dative feminine plural)
bernomъ (dative neuter plural)
berny (accusative masculine plural)
berny (accusative feminine plural)
berna (accusative neuter plural)
berny (instrumental masculine plural)
bernami (feminine instrumental plural)
berny (instrumental neuter plural)
berněxъ (locative masculine plural)
bernaxъ (feminine locative plural)
berněxъ (locative neuter plural)
berni (masculine plural vocative)
berny (feminine plural vocative)
berna (neuter plural vocative)
bernъjь (masculine nominative singular)
bernaja (feminine nominative singular)
bernoje (neuter nominative singular)
bernajego (genitive masculine singular)
bernyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
bernajego (genitive neuter singular)
bernujemu (dative masculine singular)
berněji (dative feminine singular)
bernujemu (dative neuter singular)
bernъjь (accusative masculine singular)
bernǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
bernoje (accusative neuter singular)
bernyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
bernǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
bernyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
bernějemь (locative masculine singular)
berněji (feminine locative singular)
bernějemь (locative neuter singular)
bernъjь (masculine singular vocative)
bernaja (feminine singular vocative)
bernoje (neuter singular vocative)
bernaja (dual masculine nominative)
berněji (dual feminine nominative)
berněji (dual neuter nominative)
bernuju (dual genitive masculine)
bernuju (dual feminine genitive)
bernuju (dual genitive neuter)
bernyjima (dative dual masculine)
bernyjima (dative dual feminine)
bernyjima (dative dual neuter)
bernaja (accusative dual masculine)
berněji (accusative dual feminine)
berněji (accusative dual neuter)
bernyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
bernyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
bernyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
bernuju (dual locative masculine)
bernuju (dual feminine locative)
bernuju (dual locative neuter)
bernaja (dual masculine vocative)
berněji (dual feminine vocative)
berněji (dual neuter vocative)
berniji (masculine nominative plural)
bernyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
bernaja (neuter nominative plural)
bernъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
bernъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
bernъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
bernyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
bernyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
bernyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
bernyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
bernyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
bernaja (accusative neuter plural)
bernyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
bernyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
bernyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
bernyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
bernyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
bernyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
berniji (masculine plural vocative)
bernyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
bernaja (neuter plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: Брѣна (Brěna) (female personal name)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бре̏на (“pregnant”)

Latin script: brȅna (“pregnant”)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *bérˀnas, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰérh₁nos. Cognate with Lithuanian bérnas (“lad, boy”), Latvian bȩ̄̀rns (“child”) within Balto-Slavic and dialectal Ancient Greek φέρενᾱ (phérenā, “dowry”) (Aeolian) elsewhere. Further akin to Proto-Germanic *barną (“child”), Albanian barrë (“pregnancy”), Old Armenian բեռն (beṙn, “burden, duty”).
Martynov, Goląb consider *bernъ the primary word for “newborn, child” in Northern Balto-Slavic, while *dětъ (u-stem) - in the South (cf. Latin foetus (“pregnant”)).

cog

(by extension) pregnant, expecting a newborn (for woman)


snubiti

snubìti (canonical imperfective)
snubľenьje (noun-from-verb)
snubiti (infinitive)
snubitъ (supine)
snubilъ (l-participle)
snubľenъ (participle passive past)
snubimъ (participle passive present)
snubľь (active participle past)
snubę (active participle present)
snubixъ (aorist first-person singular)
snubi (aorist second-person singular)
snubi (aorist singular third-person)
snubľǫ (first-person present singular)
snubiši (present second-person singular)
snubitь (present singular third-person)
snubixově (aorist dual first-person)
snubista (aorist dual second-person)
snubiste (aorist dual third-person)
snubivě (dual first-person present)
snubita (dual present second-person)
snubite (dual present third-person)
snubixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
snubiste (aorist plural second-person)
snubišę (aorist plural third-person)
snubimъ (first-person plural present)
snubite (plural present second-person)
snubętь (plural present third-person)
snubľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
snubľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
snubľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
snubi (imperative second-person singular)
snubi (imperative singular third-person)
snubľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
snubľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
snubľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
snubivě (dual first-person imperative)
snubita (dual imperative second-person)
snubľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
snubľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
snubľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
snubimъ (first-person imperative plural)
snubite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: снубити (snubiti)

Russian: сну́бить (snúbitʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: сноубити (snubiti) (Russian recension)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сну́бити

Latin script: snúbiti

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: snúbiti, snóbiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: snúbiti

Czech: snoubit

Old Polish: snębić

Slovak: snúbiť

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)newbʰ- (“to wed, to match”), possibly related to *(s)neh₁- (“to fasten, to thread”). Cognate with Latin nūbō (“to get married”) and akin to Ancient Greek νῠ́μφη (nŭ́mphē, “bride”).


lęčь

lę̑čь (canonical feminine)
*lęča (alternative)
lęčь (nominative singular)
lęči (dual nominative)
lęči (nominative plural)
lęči (genitive singular)
lęčьju (dual genitive)
lęčьjь (genitive plural)
lęči (dative singular)
lęčьma (dative dual)
lęčьmъ (dative plural)
lęčь (accusative singular)
lęči (accusative dual)
lęči (accusative plural)
lęčьjǫ (instrumental singular)
lęčьma (dual instrumental)
lęčьmi (instrumental plural)
lęči (locative singular)
lęčьju (dual locative)
lęčьxъ (locative plural)
lęči (singular vocative)
lęči (dual vocative)
lęči (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

desc

>? Bulgarian: ле́чие (léčie, “thread of life”) (poetic, dialectal; attested in Christmas carols)

⇒ Serbo-Croatian: (16 cent.)

Cyrillic script: ле́ча, ле́чка (“snare, loop”)

q

attested in the proverb <i class="Latn mention" lang="sh">da ne stave leču</i>

Latin script: leča (obsolete, attested in the proverb da ne stave leču)

⇒ Slovene: lę̑čka (“sling”) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: leč

Czech: léč

>? Old Polish: łącz (“true sedge”)

Polish: łącz

Polabian: ląč

Sorbian:

⇒ Upper Sorbian: lečica, lečizna, lečwo

Instrumental/resultant noun from *lękťi (“to bend and stretch”) + *-ь, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)lenkʷ- or *(s)lenk- (“to curve, to wind”). Cognate with dialectal Lithuanian leñkis (“lock, sluice”), Old Norse lengja (“strap”). Further akin to Latvian lìks (“crooked”), possibly Latin laqueus (“noose”).


xolъka

xòlъka (canonical feminine)
ženъka (nominative singular)
ženъcě (dual nominative)
ženъky (nominative plural)
ženъky (genitive singular)
ženъku (dual genitive)
ženъkъ (genitive plural)
ženъcě (dative singular)
ženъkama (dative dual)
ženъkamъ (dative plural)
ženъkǫ (accusative singular)
ženъcě (accusative dual)
ženъky (accusative plural)
ženъkojǫ (instrumental singular)
ženъkǫ (instrumental singular)
ženъkama (dual instrumental)
ženъkami (instrumental plural)
ženъcě (locative singular)
ženъku (dual locative)
ženъkasъ (locative plural)
ženъkaxъ (locative plural)
ženъko (singular vocative)
ženъcě (dual vocative)
ženъky (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: хо́лка (xólka) (dialectal)

Middle Russian: хо́лка (xólka) (17ᵗʰ cent.)

Russian: хо́лка (xólka)

Ukrainian: хо́лка (xólka)


balъka

balъka (nominative singular)
balъcě (dual nominative)
balъky (nominative plural)
balъky (genitive singular)
balъku (dual genitive)
balъkъ (genitive plural)
balъcě (dative singular)
balъkama (dative dual)
balъkamъ (dative plural)
balъkǫ (accusative singular)
balъcě (accusative dual)
balъky (accusative plural)
balъkojǫ (instrumental singular)
balъkǫ (instrumental singular)
balъkama (dual instrumental)
balъkami (instrumental plural)
balъcě (locative singular)
balъku (dual locative)
balъkasъ (locative plural)
balъkaxъ (locative plural)
balъko (singular vocative)
balъcě (dual vocative)
balъky (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Russian: ба́лка (bálka, “ravine, gorge”) (dialectal)

Middle Ukrainian: ба́лка (bálka)

Ukrainian: ба́лка (bálka), ба́вка (bávka, “gully”); ба́лок m (bálok) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

q

Polish: bałka (“small lake”) (dialectal, possibly borrowed from East Slavic)


žariti

žàriti (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
žařenьje (noun-from-verb)
žariti (infinitive)
žaritъ (supine)
žarilъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
žařenъ (participle passive past)
žarimъ (participle passive present)
žařь (active participle past)
žarę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
žarixъ (aorist first-person singular)
žari (aorist second-person singular)
žari (aorist singular third-person)
žařǫ (first-person present singular)
žariši (present second-person singular)
žaritь (present singular third-person)
žarixově (aorist dual first-person)
žarista (aorist dual second-person)
žariste (aorist dual third-person)
žarivě (dual first-person present)
žarita (dual present second-person)
žarite (dual present third-person)
žarixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
žariste (aorist plural second-person)
žarišę (aorist plural third-person)
žarimъ (first-person plural present)
žarite (plural present second-person)
žarętь (plural present third-person)
žařaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
žařaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
žařaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
žari (imperative second-person singular)
žari (imperative singular third-person)
žařaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
žařaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
žařaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
žarivě (dual first-person imperative)
žarita (dual imperative second-person)
žařaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
žařaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
žařaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
žarimъ (first-person imperative plural)
žarite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old Ruthenian: жарити (žariti)

Belarusian: жа́рыць (žárycʹ)

desc

Ukrainian: жа́рити (žáryty), жарі́ти (žaríty)

Middle Russian: жарити (žariti)

Russian: жа́рить (žáritʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Church Slavonic: жарити (žariti, “in the cold”) (autoantonym)

Bulgarian: жа̀ря (žàrja)

Macedonian: жа́ри (žári)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жа́рити

Latin script: žáriti

Slovene: žaríti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: zářit

Polish: żarzyć

Slovak: žiarit


družьba

družьba (nominative singular)
družьbě (dual nominative)
družьby (nominative plural)
družьby (genitive singular)
družьbu (dual genitive)
družьbъ (genitive plural)
družьbě (dative singular)
družьbama (dative dual)
družьbamъ (dative plural)
družьbǫ (accusative singular)
družьbě (accusative dual)
družьby (accusative plural)
družьbojǫ (instrumental singular)
družьbǫ (instrumental singular)
družьbama (dual instrumental)
družьbami (instrumental plural)
družьbě (locative singular)
družьbu (dual locative)
družьbasъ (locative plural)
družьbaxъ (locative plural)
družьbo (singular vocative)
družьbě (dual vocative)
družьby (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дроужьба (družĭba)

Belarusian: дружба (družba)

Russian: дружба (družba)

Ukrainian: дружба (družba)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: дроужьба (družĭba)

Bulgarian: дружба (družba)

Macedonian: дружба (družba)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: дружба

Latin: družba

Slovene: drȗžba (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: družba

Czech: družba

Moravian (Mistřice): družba

Polish: drużba

Slovak: družba

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dráugībāˀ, from
Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ-.
Morphologically from *drugъ +
*-ьba. Cognate with Latvian draudzība (“friendship”) (with g > dz via palatalization), Lithuanian draugybė (“friendship”).


mijati

minǫti (perfective)
*minovati (alternative)
mijanьje (noun-from-verb)
mijati (infinitive)
mijatъ (supine)
mijalъ (l-participle)
mijanъ (participle passive past)
mijajemъ (participle passive present)
mijavъ (active participle past)
mijaję (active participle present)
mijaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
mija (aorist second-person singular)
mija (aorist singular third-person)
mijajǫ (first-person present singular)
mijaješi (present second-person singular)
mijajetь (present singular third-person)
mijaxově (aorist dual first-person)
mijasta (aorist dual second-person)
mijaste (aorist dual third-person)
mijajevě (dual first-person present)
mijajeta (dual present second-person)
mijajete (dual present third-person)
mijaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mijaste (aorist plural second-person)
mijašę (aorist plural third-person)
mijajemъ (first-person plural present)
mijajete (plural present second-person)
mijajǫtь (plural present third-person)
mijaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mijaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mijaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
mijaji (imperative second-person singular)
mijaji (imperative singular third-person)
mijaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mijaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mijaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mijajivě (dual first-person imperative)
mijajita (dual imperative second-person)
mijaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mijaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mijaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mijajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
mijajite (imperative plural second-person)
mijanьje (noun-from-verb)
mijati (infinitive)
mijatъ (supine)
mijalъ (l-participle)
mijanъ (participle passive past)
mijimъ (participle passive present)
mijavъ (active participle past)
miję (active participle present)
mijaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
mija (aorist second-person singular)
mija (aorist singular third-person)
mijǫ (first-person present singular)
mijiši (present second-person singular)
mijitь (present singular third-person)
mijaxově (aorist dual first-person)
mijasta (aorist dual second-person)
mijaste (aorist dual third-person)
mijivě (dual first-person present)
mijita (dual present second-person)
mijite (dual present third-person)
mijaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mijaste (aorist plural second-person)
mijašę (aorist plural third-person)
mijimъ (first-person plural present)
mijite (plural present second-person)
mijętь (plural present third-person)
mijaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mijaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mijaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
miji (imperative second-person singular)
miji (imperative singular third-person)
mijaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mijaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mijaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mijivě (dual first-person imperative)
mijita (dual imperative second-person)
mijaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mijaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mijaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mijimъ (first-person imperative plural)
mijite (imperative plural second-person)

From Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to change place”) + *-ati. Cognate with Latin meō (“to pass, to traverse”).

der

to pass, to go past (transitive); to elapse (intransitive)

(reflexive) (+ *sę) to pass by each other


znьjati

znьjanьje (noun-from-verb)
znьjati (infinitive)
znьjatъ (supine)
znьjalъ (l-participle)
znьjavъ (active participle past)
znьję (active participle present)
znьjaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
znьja (aorist second-person singular)
znьja (aorist singular third-person)
znьjǫ (first-person present singular)
znьješi (present second-person singular)
znьjetь (present singular third-person)
znьjaxově (aorist dual first-person)
znьjasta (aorist dual second-person)
znьjaste (aorist dual third-person)
znьjevě (dual first-person present)
znьjeta (dual present second-person)
znьjete (dual present third-person)
znьjaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
znьjaste (aorist plural second-person)
znьjašę (aorist plural third-person)
znьjemъ (first-person plural present)
znьjete (plural present second-person)
znьjǫtь (plural present third-person)
znьjaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
znьjaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
znьjaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
znьji (imperative second-person singular)
znьji (imperative singular third-person)
znьjaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
znьjaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
znьjaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
znьjivě (dual first-person imperative)
znьjita (dual imperative second-person)
znьjaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
znьjaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
znьjaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
znьjimъ (first-person imperative plural)
znьjite (imperative plural second-person)
znьjanьje (noun-from-verb)
znьjati (infinitive)
znьjatъ (supine)
znьjalъ (l-participle)
znьjavъ (active participle past)
znьjaję (active participle present)
znьjaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
znьja (aorist second-person singular)
znьja (aorist singular third-person)
znьjajǫ (first-person present singular)
znьjaješi (present second-person singular)
znьjajetь (present singular third-person)
znьjaxově (aorist dual first-person)
znьjasta (aorist dual second-person)
znьjaste (aorist dual third-person)
znьjajevě (dual first-person present)
znьjajeta (dual present second-person)
znьjajete (dual present third-person)
znьjaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
znьjaste (aorist plural second-person)
znьjašę (aorist plural third-person)
znьjajemъ (first-person plural present)
znьjajete (plural present second-person)
znьjajǫtь (plural present third-person)
znьjaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
znьjaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
znьjaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
znьjaji (imperative second-person singular)
znьjaji (imperative singular third-person)
znьjaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
znьjaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
znьjaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
znьjajivě (dual first-person imperative)
znьjajita (dual imperative second-person)
znьjaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
znьjaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
znьjaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
znьjajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
znьjajite (imperative plural second-person)

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰneyH- + *-ati.


smažiti

smàžiti (canonical)
smaženьje (noun-from-verb)
smažiti (infinitive)
smažitъ (supine)
smažilъ (l-participle)
smaženъ (participle passive past)
smažimъ (participle passive present)
smažь (active participle past)
smažę (active participle present)
smažixъ (aorist first-person singular)
smaži (aorist second-person singular)
smaži (aorist singular third-person)
smažǫ (first-person present singular)
smažiši (present second-person singular)
smažitь (present singular third-person)
smažixově (aorist dual first-person)
smažista (aorist dual second-person)
smažiste (aorist dual third-person)
smaživě (dual first-person present)
smažita (dual present second-person)
smažite (dual present third-person)
smažixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
smažiste (aorist plural second-person)
smažišę (aorist plural third-person)
smažimъ (first-person plural present)
smažite (plural present second-person)
smažętь (plural present third-person)
smažaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
smažaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
smažaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
smaži (imperative second-person singular)
smaži (imperative singular third-person)
smažaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
smažaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
smažaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
smaživě (dual first-person imperative)
smažita (dual imperative second-person)
smažaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
smažaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
smažaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
smažimъ (first-person imperative plural)
smažite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old Ruthenian: сма́жити (smážiti), сма́жить (smážitʹ)

Belarusian: сма́жыць (smážycʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: сма́жити (smážyty)

Ukrainian: сма́жити (smážyty)

Russian: сма́жить (smážitʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Slovene: cmažiti (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Czech: smažit, smažiti

Old Polish: smażyć

Polish: smażyć

Silesian: smażyć

Slovak: smažiť

be:Аляксандр Мікалаевіч Булыка
uk:Мельничук Олександр Савич


kustъ

kustъ (nominative singular)
kusta (dual nominative)
kusti (nominative plural)
kusta (genitive singular)
kustu (dual genitive)
kustъ (genitive plural)
kustu (dative singular)
kustoma (dative dual)
kustomъ (dative plural)
kustъ (accusative singular)
kusta (accusative dual)
kusty (accusative plural)
kustъmь (instrumental singular)
kustomь (instrumental singular)
kustoma (dual instrumental)
kusty (instrumental plural)
kustě (locative singular)
kustu (dual locative)
kustěxъ (locative plural)
kuste (singular vocative)
kusta (dual vocative)
kusti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кꙋстъ (kustŭ)

Middle Belarusian: кустъ (kust)

Belarusian: куст (kust)

Russian: куст (kust); кус (kus) (dialectal)

Middle Ukrainian: коустъ (kust)

Ukrainian: куст (kust) (dialectal, obsolete)

Commonly compared with Lithuanian kúokštas (“bundle, tuft”), accepted with reservations by Trubačev.
The lack of descendants in other branches formally permits alternative reconstruction *kǫstъ, considered as an option in ESSJa. Compare Proto-Slavic *kǫťa (“shack, shed”) > Russian ку́ча (kúča, “hut”), ку́ща (kúšča, “thicket”) (the later via Church Slavonic).

be:Аляксандр Мікалаевіч Булыка
uk:Гринчишин Дмитро Григорович


posagъ

posagъ (nominative singular)
posaga (dual nominative)
posadzi (nominative plural)
posaga (genitive singular)
posagu (dual genitive)
posagъ (genitive plural)
posagu (dative singular)
posagoma (dative dual)
posagomъ (dative plural)
posagъ (accusative singular)
posaga (accusative dual)
posagy (accusative plural)
posagъmь (instrumental singular)
posagomь (instrumental singular)
posagoma (dual instrumental)
posagy (instrumental plural)
posadzě (locative singular)
posagu (dual locative)
posadzěxъ (locative plural)
posaže (singular vocative)
posaga (dual vocative)
posadzi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Middle Russian: посагъ (posag, “wedding”)

Russian: поса́г (poság) (standard)

Old East Slavic: *посагъ (*posagŭ, “dowry”)

Belarusian: паса́г m (pasáh), паса́га f (pasáha)

Russian: поса́г (poság) (dialectal, Tver region)

Ukrainian: по́са́г (pósáh), dial. по́сяг (pósjah)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: посагъ (posagŭ, “marriage”)

West Slavic:

Czech: posah (“dowry”)

Polish: posag (“dowry”)

Resultant noun of *posagati (“to wed”) + *-ъ (whence Old Church Slavonic посагати (posagati)).

posadъ

honorary place where newly-wed sit during wedding

wedding (in Russian), marriage (in Old Church Slavonic)


sǫprǫga

sǫprǫ̀ga (canonical feminine)
sǫprǫga (nominative singular)
sǫprǫdzě (dual nominative)
sǫprǫgy (nominative plural)
sǫprǫgy (genitive singular)
sǫprǫgu (dual genitive)
sǫprǫgъ (genitive plural)
sǫprǫdzě (dative singular)
sǫprǫgama (dative dual)
sǫprǫgamъ (dative plural)
sǫprǫgǫ (accusative singular)
sǫprǫdzě (accusative dual)
sǫprǫgy (accusative plural)
sǫprǫgojǫ (instrumental singular)
sǫprǫgǫ (instrumental singular)
sǫprǫgama (dual instrumental)
sǫprǫgami (instrumental plural)
sǫprǫdzě (locative singular)
sǫprǫgu (dual locative)
sǫprǫgasъ (locative plural)
sǫprǫgaxъ (locative plural)
sǫprǫgo (singular vocative)
sǫprǫdzě (dual vocative)
sǫprǫgy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сѫпрѫга (sǫprǫga), супруга (supruga)

Russian: супру́га (suprúga)

Ukrainian: супру́га (suprúha)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: сѫпрѫга (sǫprǫga)

Bulgarian: съпру́га (sǎprúga)

Macedonian: сопруга (sopruga)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: су̏пруга

Latin script: sȕpruga

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: soprọ́ga /soprọ̑ga (tonal orthography)

feminine of *sǫprǫ̀gъ: wife (female spouse)


milostь

milostь (nominative singular)
milosti (dual nominative)
milosti (nominative plural)
milosti (genitive singular)
milostьju (dual genitive)
milostьjь (genitive plural)
milosti (dative singular)
milostьma (dative dual)
milostьmъ (dative plural)
milostь (accusative singular)
milosti (accusative dual)
milosti (accusative plural)
milostьjǫ (instrumental singular)
milostьma (dual instrumental)
milostьmi (instrumental plural)
milosti (locative singular)
milostьju (dual locative)
milostьxъ (locative plural)
milosti (singular vocative)
milosti (dual vocative)
milosti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: милость (milostĭ)

Russian: ми́лость (mílostʹ)

Ukrainian: милість (mylistʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: милость (milostĭ)

Bulgarian: ми́лост (mílost)

Macedonian: милост (milost)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: ми̏ло̄ст

Latin: mȉlōst

West Slavic:

Old Czech: milost

Czech: milost

Old Polish: miłość

Polish: miłość

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *meilastis, from
Proto-Indo-European *meyHlostis. Morphologically from *milъ + *-ostь. Cognate with Lithuanian mielastis.


služьba

slùžьba (canonical feminine)
služьba (nominative singular)
služьbě (dual nominative)
služьby (nominative plural)
služьby (genitive singular)
služьbu (dual genitive)
služьbъ (genitive plural)
služьbě (dative singular)
služьbama (dative dual)
služьbamъ (dative plural)
služьbǫ (accusative singular)
služьbě (accusative dual)
služьby (accusative plural)
služьbojǫ (instrumental singular)
služьbǫ (instrumental singular)
služьbama (dual instrumental)
služьbami (instrumental plural)
služьbě (locative singular)
služьbu (dual locative)
služьbasъ (locative plural)
služьbaxъ (locative plural)
služьbo (singular vocative)
služьbě (dual vocative)
služьby (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: слоу́жьба (slúžĭba)

Old Ruthenian: слу́жба (slúžba)

Belarusian: слу́жба (slúžba)

Carpathian Rusyn: слу́жба (slúžba)

Ukrainian: слу́жба (slúžba)

Russian: слу́жба (slúžba)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: слоужьба (služĭba)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⰾⱆⰶⱐⰱⰰ (služĭba)

Bulgarian: слу́жба (slúžba)

Macedonian: служба (služba)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: слу́жба

Latin script: slúžba

Slovene: slȗžba (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: służba

Old Czech: služba

Czech: služba

desctree

Old Polish: służba
Polish: służba
Silesian: sużba

Old Slovak: služba

Pannonian Rusyn: служба (služba)

Slovak: služba

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: słužba

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: zsolozsma

→ Romanian: slujbă

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sláugība.
Morphologically from *sluga + *-ьba. Cognate with Lithuanian slaugyba.

be:Аляксандр Мікалаевіч Булыка


prikrъ

prikrъ (masculine nominative singular)
prikra (feminine nominative singular)
prikro (neuter nominative singular)
prikra (genitive masculine singular)
prikry (feminine genitive singular)
prikra (genitive neuter singular)
prikru (dative masculine singular)
prikrě (dative feminine singular)
prikru (dative neuter singular)
prikrъ (accusative masculine singular)
prikrǫ (accusative feminine singular)
prikro (accusative neuter singular)
prikromь (instrumental masculine singular)
prikrojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
prikromь (instrumental neuter singular)
prikrě (locative masculine singular)
prikrě (feminine locative singular)
prikrě (locative neuter singular)
prikre (masculine singular vocative)
prikro (feminine singular vocative)
prikro (neuter singular vocative)
prikra (dual masculine nominative)
prikrě (dual feminine nominative)
prikrě (dual neuter nominative)
prikru (dual genitive masculine)
prikru (dual feminine genitive)
prikru (dual genitive neuter)
prikroma (dative dual masculine)
prikrama (dative dual feminine)
prikroma (dative dual neuter)
prikra (accusative dual masculine)
prikrě (accusative dual feminine)
prikrě (accusative dual neuter)
prikroma (dual instrumental masculine)
prikrama (dual feminine instrumental)
prikroma (dual instrumental neuter)
prikru (dual locative masculine)
prikru (dual feminine locative)
prikru (dual locative neuter)
prikra (dual masculine vocative)
prikrě (dual feminine vocative)
prikrě (dual neuter vocative)
prikri (masculine nominative plural)
prikry (feminine nominative plural)
prikra (neuter nominative plural)
prikrъ (genitive masculine plural)
prikrъ (feminine genitive plural)
prikrъ (genitive neuter plural)
prikromъ (dative masculine plural)
prikramъ (dative feminine plural)
prikromъ (dative neuter plural)
prikry (accusative masculine plural)
prikry (accusative feminine plural)
prikra (accusative neuter plural)
prikry (instrumental masculine plural)
prikrami (feminine instrumental plural)
prikry (instrumental neuter plural)
prikrěxъ (locative masculine plural)
prikraxъ (feminine locative plural)
prikrěxъ (locative neuter plural)
prikri (masculine plural vocative)
prikry (feminine plural vocative)
prikra (neuter plural vocative)
prikrъjь (masculine nominative singular)
prikraja (feminine nominative singular)
prikroje (neuter nominative singular)
prikrajego (genitive masculine singular)
prikryję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
prikrajego (genitive neuter singular)
prikrujemu (dative masculine singular)
prikrěji (dative feminine singular)
prikrujemu (dative neuter singular)
prikrъjь (accusative masculine singular)
prikrǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
prikroje (accusative neuter singular)
prikryjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
prikrǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
prikryjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
prikrějemь (locative masculine singular)
prikrěji (feminine locative singular)
prikrějemь (locative neuter singular)
prikrъjь (masculine singular vocative)
prikraja (feminine singular vocative)
prikroje (neuter singular vocative)
prikraja (dual masculine nominative)
prikrěji (dual feminine nominative)
prikrěji (dual neuter nominative)
prikruju (dual genitive masculine)
prikruju (dual feminine genitive)
prikruju (dual genitive neuter)
prikryjima (dative dual masculine)
prikryjima (dative dual feminine)
prikryjima (dative dual neuter)
prikraja (accusative dual masculine)
prikrěji (accusative dual feminine)
prikrěji (accusative dual neuter)
prikryjima (dual instrumental masculine)
prikryjima (dual feminine instrumental)
prikryjima (dual instrumental neuter)
prikruju (dual locative masculine)
prikruju (dual feminine locative)
prikruju (dual locative neuter)
prikraja (dual masculine vocative)
prikrěji (dual feminine vocative)
prikrěji (dual neuter vocative)
prikriji (masculine nominative plural)
prikryję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
prikraja (neuter nominative plural)
prikrъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
prikrъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
prikrъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
prikryjimъ (dative masculine plural)
prikryjimъ (dative feminine plural)
prikryjimъ (dative neuter plural)
prikryję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
prikryję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
prikraja (accusative neuter plural)
prikryjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
prikryjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
prikryjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
prikryjixъ (locative masculine plural)
prikryjixъ (feminine locative plural)
prikryjixъ (locative neuter plural)
prikriji (masculine plural vocative)
prikryję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
prikraja (neuter plural vocative)

be:Аляксандр Мікалаевіч Булыка

East Slavic:

desc

Middle Belarusian: прикрый (prikryj), прикрий (prikrij), прыкрый (prykryj)

Belarusian: пры́кры (prýkry); пры́крый (prýkryj), прі́крый (príkryj), прэ́кры (prékry), прэ́крый (prékryj) (dialectal)

Russian: при́крый (príkryj) (dialectal, obsolete)

Ukrainian: при́крий (prýkryj)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: příkrý

Czech: příkrý

Old Polish: przykry

Polish: przykry

Silesian: przikry

Slovak: príkry

Most likely (per Pedersen, favoured by Vasmer) prefixed form of *pri- + *krъ, comparable with Ukrainian укри́й (ukrýj, “unpleasant”) (with *u- instead). Root ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to bend, to crook”).
Less probable derivation (per Machek, Holub & Kopečný) presumes reanalysis from an earlier *pikrъ < Proto-Indo-European *peyk- (“to cut, to fight; to paint”) + *-rъ (whence Ancient Greek πικρός (pikrós, “keen, sharp”), Lithuanian pi̇̀ktas (“evil”); possibly further Proto-Slavic *pьkъlъ (“resin”)).


krǫpъ

*krupъ (alternative)
*krǫpavъ (alternative)
krǫpъ (masculine nominative singular)
krǫpa (feminine nominative singular)
krǫpo (neuter nominative singular)
krǫpa (genitive masculine singular)
krǫpy (feminine genitive singular)
krǫpa (genitive neuter singular)
krǫpu (dative masculine singular)
krǫpě (dative feminine singular)
krǫpu (dative neuter singular)
krǫpъ (accusative masculine singular)
krǫpǫ (accusative feminine singular)
krǫpo (accusative neuter singular)
krǫpomь (instrumental masculine singular)
krǫpojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
krǫpomь (instrumental neuter singular)
krǫpě (locative masculine singular)
krǫpě (feminine locative singular)
krǫpě (locative neuter singular)
krǫpe (masculine singular vocative)
krǫpo (feminine singular vocative)
krǫpo (neuter singular vocative)
krǫpa (dual masculine nominative)
krǫpě (dual feminine nominative)
krǫpě (dual neuter nominative)
krǫpu (dual genitive masculine)
krǫpu (dual feminine genitive)
krǫpu (dual genitive neuter)
krǫpoma (dative dual masculine)
krǫpama (dative dual feminine)
krǫpoma (dative dual neuter)
krǫpa (accusative dual masculine)
krǫpě (accusative dual feminine)
krǫpě (accusative dual neuter)
krǫpoma (dual instrumental masculine)
krǫpama (dual feminine instrumental)
krǫpoma (dual instrumental neuter)
krǫpu (dual locative masculine)
krǫpu (dual feminine locative)
krǫpu (dual locative neuter)
krǫpa (dual masculine vocative)
krǫpě (dual feminine vocative)
krǫpě (dual neuter vocative)
krǫpi (masculine nominative plural)
krǫpy (feminine nominative plural)
krǫpa (neuter nominative plural)
krǫpъ (genitive masculine plural)
krǫpъ (feminine genitive plural)
krǫpъ (genitive neuter plural)
krǫpomъ (dative masculine plural)
krǫpamъ (dative feminine plural)
krǫpomъ (dative neuter plural)
krǫpy (accusative masculine plural)
krǫpy (accusative feminine plural)
krǫpa (accusative neuter plural)
krǫpy (instrumental masculine plural)
krǫpami (feminine instrumental plural)
krǫpy (instrumental neuter plural)
krǫpěxъ (locative masculine plural)
krǫpaxъ (feminine locative plural)
krǫpěxъ (locative neuter plural)
krǫpi (masculine plural vocative)
krǫpy (feminine plural vocative)
krǫpa (neuter plural vocative)
krǫpъjь (masculine nominative singular)
krǫpaja (feminine nominative singular)
krǫpoje (neuter nominative singular)
krǫpajego (genitive masculine singular)
krǫpyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
krǫpajego (genitive neuter singular)
krǫpujemu (dative masculine singular)
krǫpěji (dative feminine singular)
krǫpujemu (dative neuter singular)
krǫpъjь (accusative masculine singular)
krǫpǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
krǫpoje (accusative neuter singular)
krǫpyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
krǫpǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
krǫpyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
krǫpějemь (locative masculine singular)
krǫpěji (feminine locative singular)
krǫpějemь (locative neuter singular)
krǫpъjь (masculine singular vocative)
krǫpaja (feminine singular vocative)
krǫpoje (neuter singular vocative)
krǫpaja (dual masculine nominative)
krǫpěji (dual feminine nominative)
krǫpěji (dual neuter nominative)
krǫpuju (dual genitive masculine)
krǫpuju (dual feminine genitive)
krǫpuju (dual genitive neuter)
krǫpyjima (dative dual masculine)
krǫpyjima (dative dual feminine)
krǫpyjima (dative dual neuter)
krǫpaja (accusative dual masculine)
krǫpěji (accusative dual feminine)
krǫpěji (accusative dual neuter)
krǫpyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
krǫpyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
krǫpyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
krǫpuju (dual locative masculine)
krǫpuju (dual feminine locative)
krǫpuju (dual locative neuter)
krǫpaja (dual masculine vocative)
krǫpěji (dual feminine vocative)
krǫpěji (dual neuter vocative)
krǫpiji (masculine nominative plural)
krǫpyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
krǫpaja (neuter nominative plural)
krǫpъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
krǫpъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
krǫpъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
krǫpyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
krǫpyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
krǫpyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
krǫpyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
krǫpyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
krǫpaja (accusative neuter plural)
krǫpyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
krǫpyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
krǫpyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
krǫpyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
krǫpyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
krǫpyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
krǫpiji (masculine plural vocative)
krǫpyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
krǫpaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: крꙋпꙑи (krupyi)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: крѫпъ (krǫpŭ)

desc

Bulgarian: круп (krup, “sturdy”), кръп (krǎp, “concise, compact”) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: krupý (“robust”)

Polish: krępy (“stocky, thickset”)

⇒ Polish: krąp (“silver bream”) (substantivized)

Slovincian: krãpy

Per Brückner and Sławski (accepted by Trubačev /ESSJa/), a doublet of *krupъ. Derksen distinguishes the two lemmas, but accepts that they have intermingled at later time.
Further origin probably from the root of Proto-Balto-Slavic *krúptei (“to contract, to crumple?”), whence Lithuanian krùpti (“to get scabby”), Latvian krupt (“to frawn”), with inchoatic nasal infix. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *krewp-, an extension of *(s)ker- (“to bend, to crook”). Akin to Proto-Germanic *hreubaz (“rough, scabby”).

cog

concise, compact (of distribution, span)


bimь

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: бимь (bimĭ), бимъ (bimŭ)

Old Slovene: bim

Morphologically can be derived from -ě/i- optative-imperative. *-mь (1sg.opt.) is attested in:
* Perfective verbs (-C-, -V/C-): Old Church Slavonic ⱁⱅⱏⱂⰰⰴⱑⰿⱏ (otŭpaděmŭ), Church Slavonic приимѣмъ/приимѣмь (priiměmŭ/priiměmĭ), бѫдѣмъ/бѫдѣмь (bǫděmŭ/bǫděmĭ) and possibly Old Serbo-Croatian [script needed] (budijem), [script needed] (umrim/umrjm/umrim')
* Imperfective verbs (-C-, -ě/i-?): Old Serbo-Croatian [script needed] (mozimь/mozěm) (IvanMisc.) and possibly hotiem/hodiem
* Therefore some OCS plural forms are reshaped after synonymous by-forms:
** ⰱⰻⱈⱁⰿⱏ (bixomŭ, 1pl) < ⰱⰻⰿⱏ (bimŭ) + бꙑхомъ (byxomŭ)
** ⰱⰻⱄⱅⰵ (biste, 2pl) < *ⰱⰻⱅⰵ (*bite) + бꙑсте (byste)
** бишѧ (bišę, 3pl) < ⰱⱘ (bǫ, 3pl) : би (bi, 1sg) + бꙑшѧ (byšę, 3pl) : бꙑ (by, 1sg)
Compare Latvian biju (“I was”), Latin fīō (“I become”), Old Irish bíu (“I am”)

ncog

first-person singular conditional of *byti


bimъ

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: бимъ (bimŭ), бимь (bimĭ)

first-person plural conditional of *byti


bǫ

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: бѫ (bǫ)

third-person plural conditional of *byti


pľugavъ

pľugàvъ (canonical)
pľugàvъ (masculine nominative singular)
pľugàva (feminine nominative singular)
pľugàvo (neuter nominative singular)
pľugàva (genitive masculine singular)
pľugàvy (feminine genitive singular)
pľugàva (genitive neuter singular)
pľugàvu (dative masculine singular)
pľugàvě (dative feminine singular)
pľugàvu (dative neuter singular)
pľugàvъ (accusative masculine singular)
pľugàvǫ (accusative feminine singular)
pľugàvo (accusative neuter singular)
pľugàvomь (instrumental masculine singular)
pľugàvojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
pľugàvomь (instrumental neuter singular)
pľugàvě (locative masculine singular)
pľugàvě (feminine locative singular)
pľugàvě (locative neuter singular)
pľugàve (masculine singular vocative)
pľugàvo (feminine singular vocative)
pľugàvo (neuter singular vocative)
pľugàva (dual masculine nominative)
pľugàvě (dual feminine nominative)
pľugàvě (dual neuter nominative)
pľugàvu (dual genitive masculine)
pľugàvu (dual feminine genitive)
pľugàvu (dual genitive neuter)
pľugàvoma (dative dual masculine)
pľugàvama (dative dual feminine)
pľugàvoma (dative dual neuter)
pľugàva (accusative dual masculine)
pľugàvě (accusative dual feminine)
pľugàvě (accusative dual neuter)
pľugàvoma (dual instrumental masculine)
pľugàvama (dual feminine instrumental)
pľugàvoma (dual instrumental neuter)
pľugàvu (dual locative masculine)
pľugàvu (dual feminine locative)
pľugàvu (dual locative neuter)
pľugàva (dual masculine vocative)
pľugàvě (dual feminine vocative)
pľugàvě (dual neuter vocative)
pľugàvi (masculine nominative plural)
pľugàvy (feminine nominative plural)
pľugàva (neuter nominative plural)
pľugàvъ (genitive masculine plural)
pľugàvъ (feminine genitive plural)
pľugàvъ (genitive neuter plural)
pľugàvomъ (dative masculine plural)
pľugàvamъ (dative feminine plural)
pľugàvomъ (dative neuter plural)
pľugàvy (accusative masculine plural)
pľugàvy (accusative feminine plural)
pľugàva (accusative neuter plural)
pľugàvy (instrumental masculine plural)
pľugàvami (feminine instrumental plural)
pľugàvy (instrumental neuter plural)
pľugàvěxъ (locative masculine plural)
pľugàvaxъ (feminine locative plural)
pľugàvěxъ (locative neuter plural)
pľugàvi (masculine plural vocative)
pľugàvy (feminine plural vocative)
pľugàva (neuter plural vocative)
pľugàvъjь (masculine nominative singular)
pľugàvaja (feminine nominative singular)
pľugàvoje (neuter nominative singular)
pľugàvajego (genitive masculine singular)
pľugàvyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
pľugàvajego (genitive neuter singular)
pľugàvujemu (dative masculine singular)
pľugàvěji (dative feminine singular)
pľugàvujemu (dative neuter singular)
pľugàvъjь (accusative masculine singular)
pľugàvǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
pľugàvoje (accusative neuter singular)
pľugàvyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
pľugàvǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
pľugàvyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
pľugàvějemь (locative masculine singular)
pľugàvěji (feminine locative singular)
pľugàvějemь (locative neuter singular)
pľugàvъjь (masculine singular vocative)
pľugàvaja (feminine singular vocative)
pľugàvoje (neuter singular vocative)
pľugàvaja (dual masculine nominative)
pľugàvěji (dual feminine nominative)
pľugàvěji (dual neuter nominative)
pľugàvuju (dual genitive masculine)
pľugàvuju (dual feminine genitive)
pľugàvuju (dual genitive neuter)
pľugàvyjima (dative dual masculine)
pľugàvyjima (dative dual feminine)
pľugàvyjima (dative dual neuter)
pľugàvaja (accusative dual masculine)
pľugàvěji (accusative dual feminine)
pľugàvěji (accusative dual neuter)
pľugàvyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
pľugàvyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
pľugàvyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
pľugàvuju (dual locative masculine)
pľugàvuju (dual feminine locative)
pľugàvuju (dual locative neuter)
pľugàvaja (dual masculine vocative)
pľugàvěji (dual feminine vocative)
pľugàvěji (dual neuter vocative)
pľugàviji (masculine nominative plural)
pľugàvyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
pľugàvaja (neuter nominative plural)
pľugàvъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
pľugàvъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
pľugàvъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
pľugàvyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
pľugàvyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
pľugàvyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
pľugàvyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
pľugàvyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
pľugàvaja (accusative neuter plural)
pľugàvyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
pľugàvyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
pľugàvyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
pľugàvyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
pľugàvyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
pľugàvyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
pľugàviji (masculine plural vocative)
pľugàvyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
pľugàvaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old Ruthenian: плюга́вый (pljugávyj)

Belarusian: плюга́вы (pljuhávy)

Ukrainian: плюга́вий (pljuhávyj)

Russian: плюга́вый (pljugávyj)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: plíhavý

Czech: plihavý, plouhavý

Polish: plugawy

Slovak: pľuhavý

Consensus leans towards expressive origin. Per Brückner, probably related to Proto-Slavic *pľuti, *pľьvati (“to spew”).
Polish and Czech descendants appear to have been influenced by Proto-Slavic *plužiti (“to drag along the ground”) (Czech ploužiti, Old Polish płużyć), typically viewed as unrelated.

noncog

be:Аляксандр Мікалаевіч Булыка


stъpica

stъpìca (canonical feminine)
stъpìca (nominative singular)
stъpìci (dual nominative)
stъpìcę̇ (nominative plural)
stъpìcę̇ (genitive singular)
stъpìcu (dual genitive)
stъpìcь (genitive plural)
stъpìcī (dative singular)
stъpìcama (dative dual)
stъpìcāmъ (dative plural)
stъpìcǫ (accusative singular)
stъpìci (accusative dual)
stъpìcę̇ (accusative plural)
stъpìcējǫ (instrumental singular)
stъpìcǭ (instrumental singular)
stъpìcama (dual instrumental)
stъpìcāmī (instrumental plural)
stъpìcī (locative singular)
stъpìcu (dual locative)
stъpìcāsъ (locative plural)
stъpìce (singular vocative)
stъpìci (dual vocative)
stъpìcę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: стъпица (stŭpica), спица (spica) (XII cent.)

Belarusian: спі́ца (spíca)

Russian: спи́ца (spíca), шпи́ца (špíca)

Ukrainian: спи́ця (spýcja)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: спи́ца (spíca)

Macedonian: спица (spica)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: спи̏ца, жби̏ца

Cyrillic script: спи̏ца, žbȉca

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: špíca, žbíca (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: stpicě

Czech: špice

Old Polish: stpica

Polish: szpica

Slovak: sрiса

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: stpica, stwica

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: shpicë

→ Romanian: spiță

Per Iljinsky, Uhlenbeck (favoured by Vasmer, Snoj): related to Latvian stups (“broom”), Lithuanian stū̃pas (“stem, stick”) (< stùplas (“rigid, stiff”)), presumably from Proto-Balto-Slavic *stúpas + *-ica. Vasmer further correlates dialectal Russian сто́пка (stópka, “wooden pin”) (< *stъpъka). If correct, probably cognate with Ancient Greek στύπος (stúpos, “stem”), Old Norse stúfr (“stump”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp- (“to prick, to stamp”).
Some of the descendants have been influenced/merged with closely sounding Germanic borrowings (cf. German Spitze (“tip, skewer”), Speiche (“spoke”); Old Norse spíkr (“spike”)).


tępati

tępanьje (noun-from-verb)
tępati (infinitive)
tępatъ (supine)
tępalъ (l-participle)
tępanъ (participle passive past)
tępajemъ (participle passive present)
tępavъ (active participle past)
tępaję (active participle present)
tępaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
tępa (aorist second-person singular)
tępa (aorist singular third-person)
tępajǫ (first-person present singular)
tępaješi (present second-person singular)
tępajetь (present singular third-person)
tępaxově (aorist dual first-person)
tępasta (aorist dual second-person)
tępaste (aorist dual third-person)
tępajevě (dual first-person present)
tępajeta (dual present second-person)
tępajete (dual present third-person)
tępaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tępaste (aorist plural second-person)
tępašę (aorist plural third-person)
tępajemъ (first-person plural present)
tępajete (plural present second-person)
tępajǫtь (plural present third-person)
tępaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tępaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tępaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
tępaji (imperative second-person singular)
tępaji (imperative singular third-person)
tępaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tępaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tępaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tępajivě (dual first-person imperative)
tępajita (dual imperative second-person)
tępaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tępaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tępaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tępajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
tępajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ця́паць (cjápacʹ)

desc

Russian: тя́пать (tjápatʹ), тя́паться (tjápatʹsja)

⇒ Russian: тя́пка (tjápka, “hoe”)

Ukrainian: тя́пати (tjápaty)

South Slavic:

>? Bulgarian: те́пам (tépam), те́пкам (tépkam, “to stutter”) (dialectal)

q

>? Serbo-Croatian: (in the sense “to talk abstrusely, to babble”)

Cyrillic script: те̏пати

Latin script: tȅpati

West Slavic:

Czech: ťapit (dialectal)

Polish: ciapać (via East Slavic or from Czech-Slovak)

Slovak: ťapkať

Most likely onomatopoeic (Preobražensky). Perhaps from p-extension of Proto-Indo-European *(s)ten- (“to stun, to thunder”) or via nasal infix from the root of *tepti.
In either case, should be distinguished from Proto-Balto-Slavic *témptei (“to pull, to stretch”) (whence Latvian stiept, Lithuanian tem̃pti, Proto-Slavic *tętiva (“tendon”)). The later, however, could be the origin of Russian тям (tjam, “grasp, intelligence”), Ukrainian тя́ма (tjáma, “id.”) (via suffixes *-mъ, *-ma), which have been speculated to bear relation with the onomatopoeic root.

cog

to smack, to clang, to ding (to make resonant noise)


orbę

orbę̀ (canonical neuter)
orbę̀ (nominative singular)
orbę̀ti (dual nominative)
orbę̀tā (nominative plural)
orbę̀te (genitive singular)
orbę̀tu (dual genitive)
orbę̀tъ (genitive plural)
orbę̀ti (dative singular)
orbę̀tьma (dative dual)
orbę̀tьmъ (dative plural)
orbę̀ (accusative singular)
orbę̀ti (accusative dual)
orbę̀tā (accusative plural)
orbę̀tьmь (instrumental singular)
orbę̀tьma (dual instrumental)
orbę̀tȳ (instrumental plural)
orbę̀te (locative singular)
orbę̀tu (dual locative)
orbę̀tьxъ (locative plural)
orbę̀ (singular vocative)
orbę̀ti (dual vocative)
orbę̀tā (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: робѧ (robę)

Old Ruthenian: робѧ́ (robjá)

desc

⇒ Old Ruthenian: робѧ́та (robjáta), рабѧ́та (rabjáta)

Belarusian: рабя́ты (rabjáty)

Ukrainian: ребеня́ (rebenjá), ребени́чка (rebenýčka)

Middle Russian: робѧ́ (robjá)

Russian: ребя́ (rebjá), ро́бя́ (róbjá) (dialectal)

⇒ Middle Russian: робѧ́та (robjáta), ребѧ́та (rebjáta)

Russian: ребя́та (rebjáta); ребя́ты (rebjáty), рёбя́та (rjobjáta), робя́та (robjáta) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: robě

Czech: robě

⇒ Czech: robata

Old Polish: robię

Slovak: robä

From *õrbъ (“servant, slave”) + *-ę.
 PIE word
 *h₃órbʰos

Oleg Trubachyov
ru:Журавлёв, Анатолий Фёдорович


kuznьcь

kuznь̀cь (canonical masculine)
kuznь̀cь (nominative singular)
kuznьca (dual nominative)
kuznьci (nominative plural)
kuznьca (genitive singular)
kuznьcu (dual genitive)
kuznьcь (genitive plural)
kuznьcu (dative singular)
kuznьcema (dative dual)
kuznьcemъ (dative plural)
kuznь̀cь (accusative singular)
kuznьca (accusative dual)
kuznьcę̇ (accusative plural)
kuznьcьmь (instrumental singular)
kuznьcemь (instrumental singular)
kuznьcema (dual instrumental)
kuznьci (instrumental plural)
kuznьci (locative singular)
kuznьcu (dual locative)
kuznьcixъ (locative plural)
kuznьče (singular vocative)
kuznьca (dual vocative)
kuznьci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кузньць (kuznĭcĭ)

Old Ruthenian: кузне́ць (kuznécʹ), кюзне́ць (kjuznécʹ), кузне́цъ (kuznécʹ)

Ukrainian: кузне́ць (kuznécʹ) (dialectal)

Russian: кузне́ц (kuznéc)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: коузньць (kuznĭcĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰽⱆⰸⱀⱐⱌⱐ (kuznĭcĭ)

Old Serbo-Croatian: kuznac, kuznec

West Slavic:

Czech: kuzněc (dialectal)


Jaroslavъ

Jaroslàvъ (canonical masculine)
Jaroslàva (feminine)
Jaroslavъ (nominative singular)
Jaroslava (dual nominative)
Jaroslavi (nominative plural)
Jaroslava (genitive singular)
Jaroslavu (dual genitive)
Jaroslavъ (genitive plural)
Jaroslavu (dative singular)
Jaroslavomъ (dative plural)
Jaroslavъ (accusative singular)
Jaroslava (accusative dual)
Jaroslavy (accusative plural)
Jaroslavy (instrumental plural)
Jaroslavě (locative singular)
Jaroslavu (dual locative)
Jaroslavěxъ (locative plural)
Jaroslave (singular vocative)
Jaroslava (dual vocative)
Jaroslavi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: Ꙗросла́въ (Jaroslávŭ)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: Ꙗросла́въ (Jarosláv) (15th cent.)
Belarusian: Ярасла́ў (Jarasláŭ)
Carpathian Rusyn: Яросла́в (Jarosláv)
Ukrainian: Яросла́в (Jarosláv)
⇒ Ukrainian: Я́рош (Jároš)

Russian: Яросла́в (Jarosláv)

desc

⇒ Old East Slavic: Ꙗросла́вль (Jaroslávlĭ) (toponym)

Russian: Яросла́вль (Jaroslávlʹ)

→ Old Novgorodian: Ꙗрославль (Jaroslavlĭ) (13th cent.)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: Ꙗрославъ (Jaroslavŭ)

Bulgarian: Яросла́в (Jarosláv) (obsolete)

Old Serbo-Croatian: Jaroslav (14th cent.)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: Ја̏рослав

Latin script: Jȁroslav

Slovene: Jaroslav

→ Alpine Slavs: Jerazlaw (12th cent.)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: Jaroslav

Czech: Jaroslav

Old Polish: Jarosław, Jerosław

Polish: Jarosław

Old Slovak: Jaroslav

Pannonian Rusyn: Ярослав (Jaroslav)

Slovak: Jaroslav

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: Jarosław

From *jȃrъ (“furious”) + *-o- + *slàva (“glory, fame”).


Žiroslavъ

Žiroslàvъ (canonical masculine)
Žiroslavъ (nominative singular)
Žiroslava (dual nominative)
Žiroslavi (nominative plural)
Žiroslava (genitive singular)
Žiroslavu (dual genitive)
Žiroslavъ (genitive plural)
Žiroslavu (dative singular)
Žiroslavoma (dative dual)
Žiroslavomъ (dative plural)
Žiroslavъ (accusative singular)
Žiroslava (accusative dual)
Žiroslavy (accusative plural)
Žiroslavъmь (instrumental singular)
Žiroslavomь (instrumental singular)
Žiroslavoma (dual instrumental)
Žiroslavy (instrumental plural)
Žiroslavě (locative singular)
Žiroslavu (dual locative)
Žiroslavěxъ (locative plural)
Žiroslave (singular vocative)
Žiroslava (dual vocative)
Žiroslavi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: Жирославъ (Žiroslavŭ)

Old Novgorodian: Жирославе (Žiroslave)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: Žiroslav

Old Polish: Żyrosław

From *žirъ (“grease”) + *-o- + *slàva (“glory, fame”) + *-ъ.


strǫga

strǫga (nominative singular)
strǫdzě (dual nominative)
strǫgy (nominative plural)
strǫgy (genitive singular)
strǫgu (dual genitive)
strǫgъ (genitive plural)
strǫdzě (dative singular)
strǫgama (dative dual)
strǫgamъ (dative plural)
strǫgǫ (accusative singular)
strǫdzě (accusative dual)
strǫgy (accusative plural)
strǫgojǫ (instrumental singular)
strǫgǫ (instrumental singular)
strǫgama (dual instrumental)
strǫgami (instrumental plural)
strǫdzě (locative singular)
strǫgu (dual locative)
strǫgasъ (locative plural)
strǫgaxъ (locative plural)
strǫgo (singular vocative)
strǫdzě (dual vocative)
strǫgy (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: стръ́га (strǎ́ga), стръ́нга (strǎ́nga) , стро́га (stróga), стру́га (strúga) (all dialectal)

Macedonian: страга (straga) (dialectal)

q

Serbo-Croatian: стру̏га (“section of sheepfold where sheep are milked”) (regional, in Montenegro, Kosovo, Bačka)

West Slavic:

>? Czech: strunga (dialectal, possibly from Romanian)

Polish: strąga

>? Slovak: strunga (dialectal, possibly from Romanian)

Possibly borrowed from a paleo-Balkan substrate (per Miklošič, perhaps via Romanian), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *strengʰ- (“taut, stiff, tight”). From the same source are hypothesized to descend also Romanian strungă (“runway, strait”) (whence Ukrainian стру́нґа (strúnga), стру́нка (strúnka), Hungarian esztrenga), Albanian shtrungë (“runway within sty”). Further cognate with Latvian strùoga (“forest path”).


valъ

vȃlъ (canonical masculine)
vȃlъ (nominative singular)
vȃla (dual nominative)
vȃli (nominative plural)
vȃla (genitive singular)
valù (dual genitive)
vãlъ (genitive plural)
vȃlu (dative singular)
valomà (dative dual)
valòmъ (dative plural)
vȃlъ (accusative singular)
vȃla (accusative dual)
vȃly (accusative plural)
vȃlъmь (instrumental singular)
vȃlomь (instrumental singular)
valomà (dual instrumental)
valý (instrumental plural)
vȃlě (locative singular)
valù (dual locative)
valě̃xъ (locative plural)
vale (singular vocative)
vȃla (dual vocative)
vȃli (plural vocative)
vȃlъ (nominative singular)
vȃly (dual nominative)
vȃlove (nominative plural)
vȃlu (genitive singular)
valovù (dual genitive)
valòvъ (genitive plural)
vȃlovi (dative singular)
valъmà (dative dual)
vȃlъmъ (dative plural)
vȃlъ (accusative singular)
vȃly (accusative dual)
vȃly (accusative plural)
vȃlъmь (instrumental singular)
valъmà (dual instrumental)
valъmì (instrumental plural)
valú (locative singular)
valovù (dual locative)
vȃlъxъ (locative plural)
valu (singular vocative)
vȃly (dual vocative)
vȃlove (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: валъ (valŭ)

Russian: вал (val)

Ukrainian: вал (val)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: валъ (valŭ)

Bulgarian: вал (val)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ва̑л

Latin script: vȃl

Slovene: vȃł (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: val

Old Polish: wał

Polish: wał

Slovak: val

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: val (“wave”)

Probably the convergence of two or more cognate terms, at least some of which reflect Proto-Balto-Slavic *wōlás (o-stem) ~ *wōlús (u-stem), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to revolve”). Cognate with Lithuanian võlas (“clump, rolling, large wave”), dial. Latvian vā̀ls, vâls (“descend”).
Some descendants have added/innovated (possibly in the post proto-Slavic period) the meaning “barrage, wall” under the influence of akin Latin vallum, Proto-Germanic *wallą.

cog

(possibly deverbal from *vaľati) roller, cylinder (tool/shape)


kobь

*koba (alternative)
kobь (nominative singular)
kobi (dual nominative)
kobi (nominative plural)
kobi (genitive singular)
kobьju (dual genitive)
kobьjь (genitive plural)
kobi (dative singular)
kobьma (dative dual)
kobьmъ (dative plural)
kobь (accusative singular)
kobi (accusative dual)
kobi (accusative plural)
kobьjǫ (instrumental singular)
kobьma (dual instrumental)
kobьmi (instrumental plural)
kobi (locative singular)
kobьju (dual locative)
kobьxъ (locative plural)
kobi (singular vocative)
kobi (dual vocative)
kobi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кобь (kobĭ)

Russian: кобь (kobʹ) (obsolete)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: кобь (kobĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰽⱁⰱⱐ (kobĭ)

Bulgarian: ко́ба (kóba) (poetic)

Macedonian: коба (koba)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ко̑б

Latin script: kȏb

West Slavic:

Old Czech: koba

Polabian: ťübə (“ghost, evil creature”)

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: kobë (“bad time, trouble”)

→ Romanian: cobie (“misfortune”)

Uncertain:
* Traditionally compared with Old Norse happ (“hap, chance, good luck”), Old Irish cob (“victory”) (per Pedersen, Berneker, favoured by Vasmer), presumably from Proto-Indo-European *kob- (“good fortune, prophecy”). Phonetically problematic, as such a reconstruction is expected to yield Slavic **kabь (by Winter's law).
* Some Balto-Slavists (Jagić, Trubačev, Toporov) alternatively relate it to Lithuanian kabė́ti (“to hang”), kabė̃ (“staples”), according to some interpretations (e.g. Meillet) from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kеbʰ- (“to hook, to cling”). If correct, then possibly akin to Proto-Slavic *skoba (“shackle”), Russian ко́бень (kóbenʹ, “hook”).
* Per Sławski (accepted by BER), of expressive origin related to Proto-Slavic *kobьcь (“bird of prey”), perhaps from *kabʰ- (“to snatch, to seize”).


dьraka

dьraka (nominative singular)
dьracě (dual nominative)
dьraky (nominative plural)
dьraky (genitive singular)
dьraku (dual genitive)
dьrakъ (genitive plural)
dьracě (dative singular)
dьrakama (dative dual)
dьrakamъ (dative plural)
dьrakǫ (accusative singular)
dьracě (accusative dual)
dьraky (accusative plural)
dьrakojǫ (instrumental singular)
dьrakǫ (instrumental singular)
dьrakama (dual instrumental)
dьrakami (instrumental plural)
dьracě (locative singular)
dьraku (dual locative)
dьrakasъ (locative plural)
dьrakaxъ (locative plural)
dьrako (singular vocative)
dьracě (dual vocative)
dьraky (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: Драка (Draka) (personal name)

Russian: дра́ка (dráka)

Ukrainian: дра́ка (dráka)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: дра́ка (dráka, “thornbush”)

Macedonian: драка (draka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дра̏ка

Latin script: drȁka

Slovene: drȃka, derák m

West Slavic:

Polish: draka

Resultant or instrumental noun from *dьrati (“to flay”) + *-ka.


o(b)aditi

oaditi (canonical perfective)
o (b)aďati (imperfective)
oaďenьje (noun-from-verb)
obaďenьje (noun-from-verb)
oaditi (infinitive)
obaditi (infinitive)
oaditъ (supine)
obaditъ (supine)
oadilъ (l-participle)
obadilъ (l-participle)
oaďenъ (participle passive past)
obaďenъ (participle passive past)
oaďь (active participle past)
obaďь (active participle past)
oadixъ (aorist first-person singular)
obadixъ (aorist first-person singular)
oadi (aorist second-person singular)
obadi (aorist second-person singular)
oadi (aorist singular third-person)
obadi (aorist singular third-person)
oaďǫ (first-person present singular)
obaďǫ (first-person present singular)
oadiši (present second-person singular)
obadiši (present second-person singular)
oaditь (present singular third-person)
obaditь (present singular third-person)
oadixově (aorist dual first-person)
obadixově (aorist dual first-person)
oadista (aorist dual second-person)
obadista (aorist dual second-person)
oadiste (aorist dual third-person)
obadiste (aorist dual third-person)
oadivě (dual first-person present)
obadivě (dual first-person present)
oadita (dual present second-person)
obadita (dual present second-person)
oadite (dual present third-person)
obadite (dual present third-person)
oadixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
obadixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
oadiste (aorist plural second-person)
obadiste (aorist plural second-person)
oadišę (aorist plural third-person)
obadišę (aorist plural third-person)
oadimъ (first-person plural present)
obadimъ (first-person plural present)
oadite (plural present second-person)
obadite (plural present second-person)
oadętь (plural present third-person)
obadętь (plural present third-person)
oadi (imperative second-person singular)
obadi (imperative second-person singular)
oadi (imperative singular third-person)
obadi (imperative singular third-person)
oadivě (dual first-person imperative)
obadivě (dual first-person imperative)
oadita (dual imperative second-person)
obadita (dual imperative second-person)
oadimъ (first-person imperative plural)
obadimъ (first-person imperative plural)
oadite (imperative plural second-person)
obadite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: обадити (obaditi), обажити (obažiti)

Russian: овадитися (ovaditisja, “to be called names”) (archaic)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: обадити (obaditi)

Bulgarian: оба́дя pf (obádja), оба́ждам impf (obáždam)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̀бадити

Latin script: òbaditi; ovaditi (dialectal, in Slavonia)

Slovene: ováditi pf, ovājati impf

West Slavic:

Old Polish: obwadzić

*o(b) + *vaditi (“to accuse, to slander”)

affix

(ditransitive) to report (something to someone)


komъ

*koma (alternative)
komъ (nominative singular)
koma (dual nominative)
komi (nominative plural)
koma (genitive singular)
komu (dual genitive)
komъ (genitive plural)
komu (dative singular)
komoma (dative dual)
komomъ (dative plural)
komъ (accusative singular)
koma (accusative dual)
komy (accusative plural)
komъmь (instrumental singular)
komomь (instrumental singular)
komoma (dual instrumental)
komy (instrumental plural)
komě (locative singular)
komu (dual locative)
koměxъ (locative plural)
kome (singular vocative)
koma (dual vocative)
komi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ком (kom)

Russian: ком (kom)

Ukrainian: ком (kom)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian: (dialectal, obsolescent)

Cyrillic script: ко̏м, ко̏ма f (“marc”)

Latin script: kȍm, kȍma f (“marc, dross”)

Slovene: kom (“ball, clump”) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Polish: kom

Traditionally compared with Lithuanian kãmas (“chunk”), kamuolỹs (“ball”), Latvian kams (“mass, clod”), kamols (“ball”), probably from a common Proto-Balto-Slavic *kam⁽ˀ⁾as (“mass”). Further comparison has been drawn to Sanskrit शम् (śam, “to toil, to wreck”), Ancient Greek κᾰ́μνω (kắmnō, “to exert, to work hard”), presumably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱemh₂- (“to exert force, to get toiled”).
It is uncertain if the current term is related to homonymous *komъ (“bulge, mound”), attested in South Slavic: Bulgarian Ком (Kom), Комощи́ца (Komoštíca) (oronyms), dial. Serbo-Croatian ко̏м, ко̀мац (“hill, steep”) (alternatively compared with Romanian coamă (“ridge, crest”) < Latin coma (“hair”)). Compare Russian кому́ля (komúlja, “lump of earth”).

cog

(secondary) lump of marc, refuse matter (West, South Slavic)


privětъ

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: привѣ́тъ (privě́tŭ)

Old Ruthenian: привѣ́тъ (privě́t)

Belarusian: прыве́т (pryvjét)

Ukrainian: приві́т (pryvít)

→ Pannonian Rusyn: привит (privit)

desctree

Russian: приве́т (privét)
→ Armenian: պրիվետ (privet)
→ English: privet
→ Georgian: პრივეტ (ṗriveṭ) (slang)
→ Yakut: пирибиэт (piribiet)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: привѣтъ (privětŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⱃⰺⰲⱑⱅⱏ (privětŭ)

Bulgarian: приве́т (privét)

West Slavic:

Czech: přívět (obsolete)

Slovak: prívet (obsolete)

From *privětiti + *-ъ, from *pri (“by, with”) + *větъ (“talk, agreement”) + *-iti (“denominal suffix”).


skubati

skubanьje (noun-from-verb)
skubati (infinitive)
skubatъ (supine)
skubalъ (l-participle)
skubanъ (participle passive past)
skubľemъ (participle passive present)
skubavъ (active participle past)
skubľę (active participle present)
skubaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
skuba (aorist second-person singular)
skuba (aorist singular third-person)
skubľǫ (first-person present singular)
skubľeši (present second-person singular)
skubľetь (present singular third-person)
skubaxově (aorist dual first-person)
skubasta (aorist dual second-person)
skubaste (aorist dual third-person)
skubľevě (dual first-person present)
skubľeta (dual present second-person)
skubľete (dual present third-person)
skubaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
skubaste (aorist plural second-person)
skubašę (aorist plural third-person)
skubľemъ (first-person plural present)
skubľete (plural present second-person)
skubľǫtь (plural present third-person)
skubaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
skubaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
skubaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
skubľi (imperative second-person singular)
skubľi (imperative singular third-person)
skubaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
skubaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
skubaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
skubľivě (dual first-person imperative)
skubľita (dual imperative second-person)
skubaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
skubaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
skubaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
skubľimъ (first-person imperative plural)
skubľite (imperative plural second-person)
skubanьje (noun-from-verb)
skubati (infinitive)
skubatъ (supine)
skubalъ (l-participle)
skubanъ (participle passive past)
skubajemъ (participle passive present)
skubavъ (active participle past)
skubaję (active participle present)
skubaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
skuba (aorist second-person singular)
skuba (aorist singular third-person)
skubajǫ (first-person present singular)
skubaješi (present second-person singular)
skubajetь (present singular third-person)
skubaxově (aorist dual first-person)
skubasta (aorist dual second-person)
skubaste (aorist dual third-person)
skubajevě (dual first-person present)
skubajeta (dual present second-person)
skubajete (dual present third-person)
skubaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
skubaste (aorist plural second-person)
skubašę (aorist plural third-person)
skubajemъ (first-person plural present)
skubajete (plural present second-person)
skubajǫtь (plural present third-person)
skubaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
skubaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
skubaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
skubaji (imperative second-person singular)
skubaji (imperative singular third-person)
skubaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
skubaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
skubaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
skubajivě (dual first-person imperative)
skubajita (dual imperative second-person)
skubaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
skubaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
skubaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
skubajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
skubajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

q

secondary of <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="uk">ску́бці</i> (skúbci)

Belarusian: скуба́ць (skubácʹ) (secondary of ску́бці (skúbci))

secondary of <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="uk">ску́сть</i> (skústʹ)

Russian: скуба́ть (skubátʹ) (secondary of ску́сть (skústʹ))

secondary of <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="uk">ску́бти</i> (skúbty)

Ukrainian: скуба́ти (skubáty) (secondary of ску́бти (skúbty))

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ску́бя (skúbja)

Macedonian: кубе (kube), скубе (skube)

West Slavic:

Czech: škubat (< earlier skústi)

Polish: skubać

Silesian: szkubać

Slovak: škubať, skubať

Sorbian

Upper Sorbian: skubać

Lower Sorbian: skubaś

ye-present counter-part to *skubti + *-jeti.


vьrgati

*vьrdzati (alternative)
vьrganьje (noun-from-verb)
vьrgati (infinitive)
vьrgatъ (supine)
vьrgalъ (l-participle)
vьrganъ (participle passive past)
vьrgajemъ (participle passive present)
vьrgavъ (active participle past)
vьrgaję (active participle present)
vьrgaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
vьrga (aorist second-person singular)
vьrga (aorist singular third-person)
vьrgajǫ (first-person present singular)
vьrgaješi (present second-person singular)
vьrgajetь (present singular third-person)
vьrgaxově (aorist dual first-person)
vьrgasta (aorist dual second-person)
vьrgaste (aorist dual third-person)
vьrgajevě (dual first-person present)
vьrgajeta (dual present second-person)
vьrgajete (dual present third-person)
vьrgaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vьrgaste (aorist plural second-person)
vьrgašę (aorist plural third-person)
vьrgajemъ (first-person plural present)
vьrgajete (plural present second-person)
vьrgajǫtь (plural present third-person)
vьrgaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vьrgaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vьrgaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vьrgaji (imperative second-person singular)
vьrgaji (imperative singular third-person)
vьrgaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vьrgaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vьrgaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vьrgajivě (dual first-person imperative)
vьrgajita (dual imperative second-person)
vьrgaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vьrgaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vьrgaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vьrgajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
vьrgajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Middle Belarusian: вергати (verhati)

Belarusian: вірга́цца (virhácca) (dialectal)

Russian: верга́ть (vergátʹ) (usually with prefixes); верза́ти (verzáti) (obsolete, XVI cent.)

Ukrainian: ве́рга́ти (vérháty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: въ́ргам (vǎ́rgam) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Czech: vrhat (< earlier vrci)

Polish: wierzgać

Slovak: vrhať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wierhać

Lower Sorbian: wiergaś

Factitive-iterative counterpart to *vergti + *-ati.

Alternative form of *vergti (“to cast, to throw”)


sъľubъ

sъľubъ (nominative singular)
sъľuba (dual nominative)
sъľubi (nominative plural)
sъľuba (genitive singular)
sъľubu (dual genitive)
sъľubъ (genitive plural)
sъľubu (dative singular)
sъľuboma (dative dual)
sъľubomъ (dative plural)
sъľubъ (accusative singular)
sъľuba (accusative dual)
sъľuby (accusative plural)
sъľubъmь (instrumental singular)
sъľubomь (instrumental singular)
sъľuboma (dual instrumental)
sъľuby (instrumental plural)
sъľubě (locative singular)
sъľubu (dual locative)
sъľuběxъ (locative plural)
sъľube (singular vocative)
sъľuba (dual vocative)
sъľubi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сълюбъ (sŭljubŭ)

desc

Old Ruthenian: слюбъ (sljub), злюбъ (zljub)

Ukrainian: слюб (sljub), злюб (zljub) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Czech: slib

desctree

Polish: ślub, szlub
→ Old Ruthenian: шлюбъ (šljub)
Belarusian: шлюб (šljub)
Ukrainian: шлюб (šljub)
→ Russian: шлюб (šljub) (dialectal)

Slovak: sľub

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: zlub

Upper Sorbian: slub

From *sъľubiti + *-ъ, from *sъ + *ľubiti (“to love”).


orǫdьje

orǫdьjȅ (canonical neuter)
orǫdьje (nominative singular)
orǫdьji (dual nominative)
orǫdьja (nominative plural)
orǫdьja (genitive singular)
orǫdьju (dual genitive)
orǫdьjь (genitive plural)
orǫdьju (dative singular)
orǫdьjema (dative dual)
orǫdьjemъ (dative plural)
orǫdьje (accusative singular)
orǫdьji (accusative dual)
orǫdьja (accusative plural)
orǫdьjьmь (instrumental singular)
orǫdьjemь (instrumental singular)
orǫdьjema (dual instrumental)
orǫdьji (instrumental plural)
orǫdьji (locative singular)
orǫdьju (dual locative)
orǫdьjixъ (locative plural)
orǫdьje (singular vocative)
orǫdьji (dual vocative)
orǫdьja (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: орѫдие (orǫdije)

Russian: ору́дье (orúdʹje)

desc

Old Novgorodian: орѫдьѥ (orǫdĭje, “case, lawsuit”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: орѫдиѥ (orǫdije)

→ Russian: ору́дие (orúdije)

Bulgarian: оръ́дие (orǎ́die)

Macedonian: орудие (orudie)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̀рӯђе

Latin script: òrūđe

Slovene: orọ̑dje (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: orudie,

Czech: orudí

Old Polish: orędzie

Polish: orędzie, orędź

Slovincian: u̯orąʒė

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: orendi

From *orǫdъ/*obrǫdъ, *orǫdь/*obrǫdь, *orǫdа/*obrǫda + *-ьje (“collective”) (cf. Slovene orọ̑d m or f (“tool”)), from **oręsti/**vъręsti/**obręsti (**orędati/**vъrędati/**obrędati), from *on-/*vъn-/*ob- + **ręsti (**rędati):
* *ob- (reconstructed by ESSJa): is improbable, because *obr- > *or- is not regular. It is only supported by few Belarusian and Russian words, which may be secondary/unrelated:
** Belarusian абру́д (abrúd, “bottom of wooden tableware”), Belarusian абру́ды (abrúdy, “bottom of bucket”, plural).
** Russian обру́да (obrúda, “bridle”). Compare Russian оброть/обруть/обрудь (obrotʹ/obrutʹ/obrudʹ, “bridle”) (< *obrъtь).
** Russian обруди́ть (obrudítʹ, “обшить”)
* *on-: n was early dropped by dissimilation *anrand- > *arand-, but examples/counterexamples are not given, except for Proto-Slavic *sumьněti < *sǫmьněti. See also *ogňь, *voda.
* Only attested verbs are Proto-Slavic *ręditi, *rędimъ (-i- type) and Slovene narèsti, naredím (-C/i- type). If latter is inherited, it would be unique in its C/i type, however: 1) there is another limited -a/i- type, 2) some -C- type verbs (ending in 'd': *ěsti, *bosti, *krasti, *klasti, *pasti, ..?) can dervive words by using *-idlo, *-ivъ, *-ьba, *-ežь suffixes which are regular for -i- type verbs.
Some authors derive it from ^((please verify)) Old High German āranti, ^((please verify)) aronti, ārunti, ^((please verify)) arunti, ^((please verify)) arundi, ^((please verify)) ārundi n (“message, affair”) (< Proto-West Germanic *ārundī n, somehow from Proto-Germanic *airundiją n, from *airuz (“messenger”) with some suffix) without explanation why OHG *ā gave PS *o (compare Proto-Slavic *lagy).
Related to Slovincian n̕åřądło n (“?tool”), Proto-Slavic *narędьje, *narędъ, *narędьba (< *naręditi).

ncog

оброть/обруть/обрудь

cog

Russian обруди́ть (obrudítʹ, “обшить”)

categorize

Requests for references for terms in Old High German entries

rfv-term

Old High German <i class="Latn mention" lang="goh">āranti</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="goh">aronti</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="goh">arunti</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="goh">arundi</i>


ǫtъkъ

ǫtъ̀kъ (canonical masculine)
ǫtъ̀kъ (nominative singular)
ǫtъkà (dual nominative)
ǫtъcì (nominative plural)
ǫtъkà (genitive singular)
ǫtъkù (dual genitive)
ǫtъ̀kъ (genitive plural)
ǫtъkù (dative singular)
ǫtъkòma (dative dual)
ǫtъkòmъ (dative plural)
ǫtъ̀kъ (accusative singular)
ǫtъkà (accusative dual)
ǫtъkỳ (accusative plural)
ǫtъkъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
ǫtъkòmь (instrumental singular)
ǫtъkòma (dual instrumental)
ǫtъ̀ky (instrumental plural)
ǫtъcě̀ (locative singular)
ǫtъkù (dual locative)
ǫtъ̀cěxъ (locative plural)
ǫtъče (singular vocative)
ǫtъkà (dual vocative)
ǫtъcì (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic ѫтъкъ (ǫtŭkŭ)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: утъкъ (utŭkŭ)

Belarusian: уток (utók), вуто́к (vutók)

Russian: уток (utok), (possibly) вток (vtok)

Ukrainian: уті́к (utík), уто́к (utók)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: въ́тък (vǎ́tǎk), у́ток (útok)

Macedonian: јаток (jatok)

Serbo-Croatian: utak, vutak

Slovene: vọ̑tәk (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: útek

Czech: útek

Polabian: võtak

Old Polish: wątek

Polish: wątek

Slovak: útok

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wutk

Lower Sorbian: hutk (“weft”)

* Per Vasmer: From *ǫ- + *tъkъ, a resultant noun from *tъkati (“to weave”) + *-ъ.
* Per Komárková: From *vъtъkati.
Compare synonymous deverbals: Serbo-Croatian потка, натка, натак, Ukrainian пӥ́тка (< *potъka, *natъka, *natъkъ < *natъkati, *potъkati).
For the meaning compare Irish inneach (“weft”) (from Old Irish innech/indech (“weft”, literally “intextum”)) (< ind-), Welsh anwe (“weft”), Dutch inslag (“weft”) (inslaan, in (“in”), slag), Old English āweb, ōweb (< an- or ar-).

ncog

Marko Snoj
Oleg Trubachyov
be:Віктар Уладзіміравіч Мартынаў
be:Генадзь Апанасавіч Цыхун
uk:Мельничук Олександр Савич
warp and weft


ǫdolьje

ǫdolьje (nominative singular)
ǫdolьji (dual nominative)
ǫdolьja (nominative plural)
ǫdolьja (genitive singular)
ǫdolьju (dual genitive)
ǫdolьjь (genitive plural)
ǫdolьju (dative singular)
ǫdolьjema (dative dual)
ǫdolьjemъ (dative plural)
ǫdolьje (accusative singular)
ǫdolьji (accusative dual)
ǫdolьja (accusative plural)
ǫdolьjьmь (instrumental singular)
ǫdolьjemь (instrumental singular)
ǫdolьjema (dual instrumental)
ǫdolьji (instrumental plural)
ǫdolьji (locative singular)
ǫdolьju (dual locative)
ǫdolьjixъ (locative plural)
ǫdolьje (singular vocative)
ǫdolьji (dual vocative)
ǫdolьja (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: удо́лье n (udólʹje)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

desc

Old Cyrillic script: ѫдольѥ n (ǫdolĭje, “valley”)

Glagolitic script: ⱘⰴⱁⰾⱐⱑ (ǫdolĭě)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: údolé

Czech: údolí

Bohemian (Chod dialect): houdolí

Old Polish: wądole

Slovak: údolie


ǫdolь

ǫdolь (nominative singular)
ǫdoli (dual nominative)
ǫdoli (nominative plural)
ǫdoli (genitive singular)
ǫdolьju (dual genitive)
ǫdolьjь (genitive plural)
ǫdoli (dative singular)
ǫdolьma (dative dual)
ǫdolьmъ (dative plural)
ǫdolь (accusative singular)
ǫdoli (accusative dual)
ǫdoli (accusative plural)
ǫdolьjǫ (instrumental singular)
ǫdolьma (dual instrumental)
ǫdolьmi (instrumental plural)
ǫdoli (locative singular)
ǫdolьju (dual locative)
ǫdolьxъ (locative plural)
ǫdoli (singular vocative)
ǫdoli (dual vocative)
ǫdoli (plural vocative)
*ǫdolъ (alternative)

Church Slavonic ѫдолъ (ǫdolŭ), ѫдоль (ǫdolĭ) (Serbian)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: удолъ (udolŭ), удоль (udolĭ)

Russian: удо́л m (udól)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ѫдоль f (ǫdolĭ, “valley”)

→ Russian: юдоль (judolʹ) (archaic)

Slovene: odol m (“valley”)

West Slavic:

Czech: údol m

Kashubian: vǫdȯł

Old Polish: wądół (wądol/vadol/wødol/wandolow)

Polish: wądół m, wędół m

Slovak: údol m

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wudoł m

*ǫdolь:
* Per Boryś: From *on (“in”) + *dolъ (“bottom”) + *-ь (“something”)
* See also *ǫdolьje, Upper Sorbian wudolina.
*ǫdolъ:
* Per Boryś: From *on (“in”) + *dolъ (“bottom”) + *-ъ (“something”)
* Per Vasmer: From *ǫ- + *dolъ
* See also *jьzokъ, *orzokъ, *bezdъnъ.


obvida

obvìda (canonical feminine)
obvìda (nominative singular)
obvìdě (dual nominative)
obvìdy (nominative plural)
obvìdy (genitive singular)
obvìdu (dual genitive)
obvìdъ (genitive plural)
obvìdě (dative singular)
obvìdama (dative dual)
obvìdamъ (dative plural)
obvìdǫ (accusative singular)
obvìdě (accusative dual)
obvìdy (accusative plural)
obvìdojǫ (instrumental singular)
obvìdǭ (instrumental singular)
obvìdama (dual instrumental)
obvìdamī (instrumental plural)
obvìdě (locative singular)
obvìdu (dual locative)
obvìdasъ (locative plural)
obvìdaxъ (locative plural)
obvìdo (singular vocative)
obvìdě (dual vocative)
obvìdy (plural vocative)
*obida (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: оби́да (obída)

Old Ruthenian: оби́да (obída)

Belarusian: абі́да (abída)

Ukrainian: оби́да (obýda)

Russian: оби́да (obída); оби́жда (obížda) (dialectal)

Old Novgorodian: обида (obida)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: обида (obida)

Glagolitic script: ⱁⰱⰺⰴⰰ (obida)

Bulgarian: оби́да (obída, “insult”)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: obida f, obid m

Czech: obida (obsolete)

Old Slovak: obida

Slovak: obida

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: obidă

From *obviděti + *-a, from *o(b) + *viděti.


obida

obìda (canonical feminine)
obìda (nominative singular)
obìdě (dual nominative)
obìdy (nominative plural)
obìdy (genitive singular)
obìdu (dual genitive)
obìdъ (genitive plural)
obìdě (dative singular)
obìdama (dative dual)
obìdamъ (dative plural)
obìdǫ (accusative singular)
obìdě (accusative dual)
obìdy (accusative plural)
obìdojǫ (instrumental singular)
obìdǭ (instrumental singular)
obìdama (dual instrumental)
obìdamī (instrumental plural)
obìdě (locative singular)
obìdu (dual locative)
obìdasъ (locative plural)
obìdaxъ (locative plural)
obìdo (singular vocative)
obìdě (dual vocative)
obìdy (plural vocative)

* Milleit, Berneker (favoured by Vasmer, Trubačev (ESSJa)): From regular assimilation of cluster *-bv- → *-b- from Proto-Slavic *ob(v)ida < *o(b) + *viděti (“to see”).
* Miklošič: From *o(b) + *bida, the later presumably related to Proto-Slavic *běda (“harm, trouble”), Lithuanian bai̇̃das (“scare”). Favoured by some early scholars (Schmidt, Uhlenbeck, Mladenov, Preobražensky).

Alternative reconstruction of *obvida (“resentment”)


korpъ

korpъ (nominative singular)
korpy (dual nominative)
korpove (nominative plural)
korpu (genitive singular)
korpovu (dual genitive)
korpovъ (genitive plural)
korpovi (dative singular)
korpъma (dative dual)
korpъmъ (dative plural)
korpъ (accusative singular)
korpy (accusative dual)
korpy (accusative plural)
korpъmь (instrumental singular)
korpъma (dual instrumental)
korpъmi (instrumental plural)
korpu (locative singular)
korpovu (dual locative)
korpъxъ (locative plural)
korpu (singular vocative)
korpy (dual vocative)
korpove (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ко́ропъ (kóropŭ)

Old Ruthenian: ко́ропъ (kórop)

Belarusian: ко́рап (kórap) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: ко́роп (kórop)

Russian: ко́роп (kórop) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: крап (krap) (regional, archaic)

Macedonian: крап (krap)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кра̏п (southwestern dialectal)

Latin script: krȁp (southwestern dialectal)

Slovene: kràp

West Slavic:

>? Old Czech: kapr (metathesis)

Czech: kapr

Slovak: krap (dialectal)

>? Slovak: kapor (metathesis)

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: crap

Uncertain. Opinions split between:
* Sobolevsky, Berneker: Of native origin, substantivized from the root of Proto-Slavic *korpa (“toad”), Ukrainian коропа́вий (koropávyj, “scrubby”) (< *korpavъ). Possibly further akin to Lithuanian karpà (“wart”), Lithuanian kar̃pa (“callus”).
* Hirt, Uhlenbeck, Šakhmatov: Borrowed from Germanic, perhaps Gothic *𐌺𐌰𐍂𐍀𐌰 (*karpa) or Old High German karpho, karpo, karpfo. The later is the source of terms without liquid metathesis: Polish karp, Russian карп (karp), etc (borrowed in post-Common Slavic period). Also borrowed in Lithuanian kárpa (“carp”).
* Meyer, Machek: From a pre-Indo-European substrate, spoken in the Danube region.
In either case, related to Old High German karpo, Late Latin carpa. Vasmer excludes Slavic origin for the Germanic terms (and from there for Latin), however, leaves as a possibility spread from some paleo-Balkan or paleo-Pannonian Indo-European dialect.

cog

common carp (Cyprinus carpio); any fish of the genus Cyprinus


edlъka

ȅdlъka (canonical feminine)
ȅdlъka (nominative singular)
edlъcě (dual nominative)
edlъky (nominative plural)
edlъky (genitive singular)
edlъku (dual genitive)
edlъkъ (genitive plural)
edlъcě (dative singular)
edlъkama (dative dual)
edlъkamъ (dative plural)
edlъkǫ (accusative singular)
edlъcě (accusative dual)
edlъky (accusative plural)
edlъkojǫ (instrumental singular)
edlъkǫ (instrumental singular)
edlъkama (dual instrumental)
edlъkami (instrumental plural)
edlъcě (locative singular)
edlъku (dual locative)
edlъkasъ (locative plural)
edlъkaxъ (locative plural)
ȅdlъko (singular vocative)
edlъcě (dual vocative)
edlъky (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: éлъка (élŭka)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: є́лка (jélka)
Belarusian: ёлка (jólka); е́лка (jélka), я́лка (jálka) (dialectal)
Ukrainian: я́лка (jálka), є́лка (jélka) (dialectal)
⇒ Ukrainian: є́вка (jévka), ївка (jivka), и́вка (ývka, “horsetail”) (dialectal)

Middle Russian: éлка (élka)

Russian: ёлка (jólka); éлка (élka), іо́лка (iólka) (obsolete)

South Slavic:

Macedonian: елка (elka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: је̑лка

Latin script: jȇlka

Slovene: ję̑lka, jelka

West Slavic:

⇒ Polish: jodełka

From *ȅdlь (“spruce, fir”) + *-ьka (“diminutive suffix”).


sedliti

sedľenьje (noun-from-verb)
sedliti (infinitive)
sedlitъ (supine)
sedlilъ (l-participle)
sedľenъ (participle passive past)
sedlimъ (participle passive present)
sedľь (active participle past)
sedlę (active participle present)
sedlixъ (aorist first-person singular)
sedli (aorist second-person singular)
sedli (aorist singular third-person)
sedľǫ (first-person present singular)
sedliši (present second-person singular)
sedlitь (present singular third-person)
sedlixově (aorist dual first-person)
sedlista (aorist dual second-person)
sedliste (aorist dual third-person)
sedlivě (dual first-person present)
sedlita (dual present second-person)
sedlite (dual present third-person)
sedlixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sedliste (aorist plural second-person)
sedlišę (aorist plural third-person)
sedlimъ (first-person plural present)
sedlite (plural present second-person)
sedlętь (plural present third-person)
sedľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sedľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sedľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sedli (imperative second-person singular)
sedli (imperative singular third-person)
sedľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sedľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sedľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sedlivě (dual first-person imperative)
sedlita (dual imperative second-person)
sedľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sedľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sedľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sedlimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sedlite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *селити (*seliti)

Old Ruthenian: селити (seliti)

Belarusian: сяліць (sjalicʹ)

Ukrainian: сели́ти (selýty)

Russian: сели́ть (selítʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: селити (seliti)

Bulgarian:

Serbo-Croatian: sèliti

Old Slovene: *sedliti

⇒ Slovene: vzedli (3sg)

Slovene: seliti

West Slavic:

Czech: sedlit

Old Polish: siedlić

Polish: siedlić

Slovak: sídliť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: sydlić


pasěka

pasěka (nominative singular)
pasěcě (dual nominative)
pasěky (nominative plural)
pasěky (genitive singular)
pasěku (dual genitive)
pasěkъ (genitive plural)
pasěcě (dative singular)
pasěkama (dative dual)
pasěkamъ (dative plural)
pasěkǫ (accusative singular)
pasěcě (accusative dual)
pasěky (accusative plural)
pasěkojǫ (instrumental singular)
pasěkǫ (instrumental singular)
pasěkama (dual instrumental)
pasěkami (instrumental plural)
pasěcě (locative singular)
pasěku (dual locative)
pasěkasъ (locative plural)
pasěkaxъ (locative plural)
pasěko (singular vocative)
pasěcě (dual vocative)
pasěky (plural vocative)
*pasěkъ (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: па́сѣка (pásěka)

Old Ruthenian: па́сека (páseka), пасѣка (pasěka), пасика (pasika)

Belarusian: па́сека (pásjeka); па́сіка (pásika), па́сяка (pásjaka) (dialectal)

Carpathian Rusyn: па́сїка (pásjika)

Ukrainian: па́сіка (pásika); па́сека (páseka) (dialectal)

Russian: па́сека (páseka)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пасјека, пасека, пасика

Latin script: pasjeka, paseka, pasika

Slovene: pàseka, pàsika

West Slavic:

Old Czech: pasěka

Czech: paseka

Old Polish: pasieka

Polish: pasieka; pašeka (dialectal)

Old Slovak: paseka

Slovak: paseka

Slovincian: pasėka

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pasyki pl


pasěkъ

pasěkъ (nominative singular)
pasěka (dual nominative)
pasěci (nominative plural)
pasěka (genitive singular)
pasěku (dual genitive)
pasěkъ (genitive plural)
pasěku (dative singular)
pasěkoma (dative dual)
pasěkomъ (dative plural)
pasěkъ (accusative singular)
pasěka (accusative dual)
pasěky (accusative plural)
pasěkъmь (instrumental singular)
pasěkomь (instrumental singular)
pasěkoma (dual instrumental)
pasěky (instrumental plural)
pasěcě (locative singular)
pasěku (dual locative)
pasěcěxъ (locative plural)
pasěče (singular vocative)
pasěka (dual vocative)
pasěci (plural vocative)
*pasěka (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old Ruthenian: па́сикъ (pásikŭ)

desc

Belarusian: пасік (pasik), па́сек (pásjek) (dialectal)

Russian: па́сек (pásek), пасёк (pasjók) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пасик

Latin script: pasik

West Slavic:

Slovak: pasek (dialectal)


zabyti

zabỳti (canonical perfective)
zabyvati (imperfective)
zabytьje (noun-from-verb)
zabyti (infinitive)
zabytъ (supine)
zabylъ (l-participle)
zabytъ (participle passive past)
zabǫdomъ (participle passive present)
zabyvъ (active participle past)
zabǫdy (active participle present)
zabyxъ (aorist first-person singular)
zaby (aorist second-person singular)
zabystъ (aorist second-person singular)
zaby (aorist singular third-person)
zabystъ (aorist singular third-person)
zabǫdǫ (first-person present singular)
zabǫdeši (present second-person singular)
zabǫdetь (present singular third-person)
zabyxově (aorist dual first-person)
zabysta (aorist dual second-person)
zabyste (aorist dual third-person)
zabǫdevě (dual first-person present)
zabǫdeta (dual present second-person)
zabǫdete (dual present third-person)
zabyxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
zabyste (aorist plural second-person)
zabyšę (aorist plural third-person)
zabǫdemъ (first-person plural present)
zabǫdete (plural present second-person)
zabǫdǫtь (plural present third-person)
zabǫděaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
zabǫděaše (imperfect second-person singular)
zabǫděaše (imperfect singular third-person)
zabǫdi (imperative second-person singular)
zabǫdi (imperative singular third-person)
zabǫděaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
zabǫděašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
zabǫděašete (dual imperfect third-person)
zabǫděvě (dual first-person imperative)
zabǫděta (dual imperative second-person)
zabǫděaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
zabǫděašete (imperfect plural second-person)
zabǫděaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
zabǫděmъ (first-person imperative plural)
zabǫděte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: забꙑ́ти (zabýti)

Old Ruthenian: забы́ти (zabýti)

Belarusian: забы́ць (zabýcʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: забы́ти (zabŷ́ty)

Ukrainian: забу́ти (zabúty)

Middle Russian: забы́ти (zabýti)

Russian: забы́ть (zabýtʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: забꙑти (zabyti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: за̀бити

Latin script: zàbiti

Slovene: zábiti (archaic)

⇒ Slovene: pozábiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: zabyti

Czech: zabýt (obsolete)

Old Polish: zabyć

Polish: zabyć (obsolete)

Polabian: zobål sg

Old Slovak: zabýť

Pannonian Rusyn: забуц (zabuc)

Slovak: zabýť

⇒ Slovak: zabudnúť

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: zabëc

Slovincian: zabëc

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: zabyś

Upper Sorbian: zabyć