o(b)tokъ

otòkъ (canonical masculine)
*o(b)toka (alternative)
otokъ (nominative singular)
obtokъ (nominative singular)
otoka (dual nominative)
obtoka (dual nominative)
otoci (nominative plural)
obtoci (nominative plural)
otoka (genitive singular)
obtoka (genitive singular)
otoku (dual genitive)
obtoku (dual genitive)
otokъ (genitive plural)
obtokъ (genitive plural)
otoku (dative singular)
obtoku (dative singular)
otokoma (dative dual)
obtokoma (dative dual)
otokomъ (dative plural)
obtokomъ (dative plural)
otokъ (accusative singular)
obtokъ (accusative singular)
otoka (accusative dual)
obtoka (accusative dual)
otoky (accusative plural)
obtoky (accusative plural)
otokъmь (instrumental singular)
obtokъmь (instrumental singular)
otokomь (instrumental singular)
obtokomь (instrumental singular)
otokoma (dual instrumental)
obtokoma (dual instrumental)
otoky (instrumental plural)
obtoky (instrumental plural)
otocě (locative singular)
obtocě (locative singular)
otoku (dual locative)
obtoku (dual locative)
otocěxъ (locative plural)
obtocěxъ (locative plural)
otoče (singular vocative)
obtoče (singular vocative)
otoka (dual vocative)
obtoka (dual vocative)
otoci (plural vocative)
obtoci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: обтокъ (obtokŭ), отокъ (otokŭ) (XII-XIII cent.)

Belarusian: ато́ка f (atóka)

Russian: ото́к (otók) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: обтік (obtik), gen. обтоку (obtoku)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: отокъ (otokŭ, “island”)

Bulgarian: ото́к (otók); ото́ка f (otóka), обто́ка f (obtóka, “drainage, spout, furrow, liner”) (dialectal)

Macedonian: оптока f (optoka, “liner”) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian::

Cyrillic script: о̀ток m (rare), о̀птока f (“liner; sediments”) (dialectal)

Latin script: òtоk m (rare), òptoka f (“liner;, sediments”) (dialectal)

Slovene: ótok

West Slavic:

Polish: otok m, otoka f

Slovak: obtok

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wótok

island, deposition of sediments within a stream


o(b)tokъ

otokъ (canonical masculine)
otokъ (nominative singular)
obtokъ (nominative singular)
otoka (dual nominative)
obtoka (dual nominative)
otoci (nominative plural)
obtoci (nominative plural)
otoka (genitive singular)
obtoka (genitive singular)
otoku (dual genitive)
obtoku (dual genitive)
otokъ (genitive plural)
obtokъ (genitive plural)
otoku (dative singular)
obtoku (dative singular)
otokoma (dative dual)
obtokoma (dative dual)
otokomъ (dative plural)
obtokomъ (dative plural)
otokъ (accusative singular)
obtokъ (accusative singular)
otoka (accusative dual)
obtoka (accusative dual)
otoky (accusative plural)
obtoky (accusative plural)
otokъmь (instrumental singular)
obtokъmь (instrumental singular)
otokomь (instrumental singular)
obtokomь (instrumental singular)
otokoma (dual instrumental)
obtokoma (dual instrumental)
otoky (instrumental plural)
obtoky (instrumental plural)
otocě (locative singular)
obtocě (locative singular)
otoku (dual locative)
obtoku (dual locative)
otocěxъ (locative plural)
obtocěxъ (locative plural)
otoče (singular vocative)
obtoče (singular vocative)
otoka (dual vocative)
obtoka (dual vocative)
otoci (plural vocative)
obtoci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: отокъ (otokŭ) (perhaps from Old Church Slavonic)

Ukrainian: отік (otik, “pus”), gen. отоку (otoku)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: отокъ (otokŭ)

Bulgarian: о́ток (ótok)

Macedonian: оток (otok)

Serbo-Croatian::

Cyrillic script: о̏ток

Latin script: ȍtok

Slovene: otȍk

West Slavic:

Czech: otok

Resultant o-grade noun of *o(b)tekti (“to outflow; to sediment, to swell, to tumefy”) + *-ъ. ESSJa treats it as equivalent to Etymology 1.


ščurъ

ščȗrъ (canonical)
ščurъ (masculine nominative singular)
ščura (feminine nominative singular)
ščuro (neuter nominative singular)
ščura (genitive masculine singular)
ščury (feminine genitive singular)
ščura (genitive neuter singular)
ščuru (dative masculine singular)
ščurě (dative feminine singular)
ščuru (dative neuter singular)
ščurъ (accusative masculine singular)
ščurǫ (accusative feminine singular)
ščuro (accusative neuter singular)
ščuromь (instrumental masculine singular)
ščurojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
ščuromь (instrumental neuter singular)
ščurě (locative masculine singular)
ščurě (feminine locative singular)
ščurě (locative neuter singular)
ščure (masculine singular vocative)
ščuro (feminine singular vocative)
ščuro (neuter singular vocative)
ščura (dual masculine nominative)
ščurě (dual feminine nominative)
ščurě (dual neuter nominative)
ščuru (dual genitive masculine)
ščuru (dual feminine genitive)
ščuru (dual genitive neuter)
ščuroma (dative dual masculine)
ščurama (dative dual feminine)
ščuroma (dative dual neuter)
ščura (accusative dual masculine)
ščurě (accusative dual feminine)
ščurě (accusative dual neuter)
ščuroma (dual instrumental masculine)
ščurama (dual feminine instrumental)
ščuroma (dual instrumental neuter)
ščuru (dual locative masculine)
ščuru (dual feminine locative)
ščuru (dual locative neuter)
ščura (dual masculine vocative)
ščurě (dual feminine vocative)
ščurě (dual neuter vocative)
ščuri (masculine nominative plural)
ščury (feminine nominative plural)
ščura (neuter nominative plural)
ščurъ (genitive masculine plural)
ščurъ (feminine genitive plural)
ščurъ (genitive neuter plural)
ščuromъ (dative masculine plural)
ščuramъ (dative feminine plural)
ščuromъ (dative neuter plural)
ščury (accusative masculine plural)
ščury (accusative feminine plural)
ščura (accusative neuter plural)
ščury (instrumental masculine plural)
ščurami (feminine instrumental plural)
ščury (instrumental neuter plural)
ščurěxъ (locative masculine plural)
ščuraxъ (feminine locative plural)
ščurěxъ (locative neuter plural)
ščuri (masculine plural vocative)
ščury (feminine plural vocative)
ščura (neuter plural vocative)
ščurъjь (masculine nominative singular)
ščuraja (feminine nominative singular)
ščuroje (neuter nominative singular)
ščurajego (genitive masculine singular)
ščuryję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
ščurajego (genitive neuter singular)
ščurujemu (dative masculine singular)
ščurěji (dative feminine singular)
ščurujemu (dative neuter singular)
ščurъjь (accusative masculine singular)
ščurǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
ščuroje (accusative neuter singular)
ščuryjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
ščurǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
ščuryjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
ščurějemь (locative masculine singular)
ščurěji (feminine locative singular)
ščurějemь (locative neuter singular)
ščurъjь (masculine singular vocative)
ščuraja (feminine singular vocative)
ščuroje (neuter singular vocative)
ščuraja (dual masculine nominative)
ščurěji (dual feminine nominative)
ščurěji (dual neuter nominative)
ščuruju (dual genitive masculine)
ščuruju (dual feminine genitive)
ščuruju (dual genitive neuter)
ščuryjima (dative dual masculine)
ščuryjima (dative dual feminine)
ščuryjima (dative dual neuter)
ščuraja (accusative dual masculine)
ščurěji (accusative dual feminine)
ščurěji (accusative dual neuter)
ščuryjima (dual instrumental masculine)
ščuryjima (dual feminine instrumental)
ščuryjima (dual instrumental neuter)
ščuruju (dual locative masculine)
ščuruju (dual feminine locative)
ščuruju (dual locative neuter)
ščuraja (dual masculine vocative)
ščurěji (dual feminine vocative)
ščurěji (dual neuter vocative)
ščuriji (masculine nominative plural)
ščuryję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
ščuraja (neuter nominative plural)
ščurъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
ščurъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
ščurъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
ščuryjimъ (dative masculine plural)
ščuryjimъ (dative feminine plural)
ščuryjimъ (dative neuter plural)
ščuryję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
ščuryję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
ščuraja (accusative neuter plural)
ščuryjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
ščuryjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
ščuryjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
ščuryjixъ (locative masculine plural)
ščuryjixъ (feminine locative plural)
ščuryjixъ (locative neuter plural)
ščuriji (masculine plural vocative)
ščuryję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
ščuraja (neuter plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: щур (štur)

Macedonian: штур (štur)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: шту̑р

Latin script: štȗr

West Slavic:

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: sćurny

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *skjauras. According to Vasmer, of onomatopoeic origin. Per Snoj, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *skewh₂- (“to lash, to swing, to buzz”).


ščurъ

ščurъ (nominative singular)
ščura (dual nominative)
ščuri (nominative plural)
ščura (genitive singular)
ščuru (dual genitive)
ščurъ (genitive plural)
ščuru (dative singular)
ščuroma (dative dual)
ščuromъ (dative plural)
ščurъ (accusative singular)
ščura (accusative dual)
ščury (accusative plural)
ščurъmь (instrumental singular)
ščuromь (instrumental singular)
ščuroma (dual instrumental)
ščury (instrumental plural)
ščurě (locative singular)
ščuru (dual locative)
ščurěxъ (locative plural)
ščure (singular vocative)
ščura (dual vocative)
ščuri (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: щуръ (ščurŭ, “swallow”)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: щуръ (ščur, “rat”)
Belarusian: шчур (ščur) (dialectal)
Ukrainian: щур (ščur)

Russian: щур (ščur, “common swift”)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: ščúr

Czech: štír (“scorpion”); in Silesia šťur, ščur, ščór, ščúr (“rat”)

Kashubian: szur (“rat”)

Polish: szczur (“rat”)

Slovak: šťúr (“scorpion”)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: šćur (“rat”)

Upper Sorbian: šćura f (“rat”) (obsolete); šćurk (“rat”) (dialectal)


měžiti

měženьje (noun-from-verb)
měžiti (infinitive)
měžitъ (supine)
měžilъ (l-participle)
měženъ (participle passive past)
měžimъ (participle passive present)
měžь (active participle past)
měžę (active participle present)
měžixъ (aorist first-person singular)
měži (aorist second-person singular)
měži (aorist singular third-person)
měžǫ (first-person present singular)
měžiši (present second-person singular)
měžitь (present singular third-person)
měžixově (aorist dual first-person)
měžista (aorist dual second-person)
měžiste (aorist dual third-person)
měživě (dual first-person present)
měžita (dual present second-person)
měžite (dual present third-person)
měžixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
měžiste (aorist plural second-person)
měžišę (aorist plural third-person)
měžimъ (first-person plural present)
měžite (plural present second-person)
měžętь (plural present third-person)
měžaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
měžaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
měžaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
měži (imperative second-person singular)
měži (imperative singular third-person)
měžaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
měžaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
měžaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
měživě (dual first-person imperative)
měžita (dual imperative second-person)
měžaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
měžaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
měžaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
měžimъ (first-person imperative plural)
měžite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

⇒ Old East Slavic: съмѣжити (sŭměžiti)

⇒ Russian: смежи́ть (smežítʹ)

⇒ Russian: смежа́ть (smežátʹ)

Russian: межи́ть (mežítʹ)

South Slavic:

desc

⇒ Old Church Slavonic: съмѣжити (sŭměžiti)

Slovene: mẹ́žiti (“to shut, to trample”)

Iterative/causative o-grade form of Proto-Slavic *migàti, *mьžiti + *-iti. Reflects Proto-Balto-Slavic *máigīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃meygʰ-. Akin to Lithuanian miegóti (“to sleep”), Old Prussian meicte (“to sleep”).


ǫtь

ǫtь (nominative singular)
ǫti (dual nominative)
ǫti (nominative plural)
ǫti (genitive singular)
ǫtьju (dual genitive)
ǫtьjь (genitive plural)
ǫti (dative singular)
ǫtьma (dative dual)
ǫtьmъ (dative plural)
ǫtь (accusative singular)
ǫti (accusative dual)
ǫti (accusative plural)
ǫtьjǫ (instrumental singular)
ǫtьma (dual instrumental)
ǫtьmi (instrumental plural)
ǫti (locative singular)
ǫtьju (dual locative)
ǫtьxъ (locative plural)
ǫti (singular vocative)
ǫti (dual vocative)
ǫti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

Belarusian: уць (ucʹ, “duck”)

ву́ці-ву́ці-ву́ці

⇒ Belarusian: ву́ці-ву́ці-ву́ці (vúci-vúci-vúci, “call the ducks”) (interjection)

Russian: уть m (utʹ, “drake”), уть f (utʹ, “duck”) (dialectal)

⇒ Russian: Уть (Utʹ), Ути (Uti) (river name)

⇒ Russian: у́ти-у́ти (úti-úti), у́ты-у́ты (úty-úty, “call the ducks”) (interjections)

⇒ Ukrainian: ву́ть-ву́ть (vútʹ-vútʹ, “call the ducks”) (interjections)

South Slavic:

>? Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ут (“call the ducks or poultry”) (interjections)

Latin script: ut (“call the ducks or poultry”) (interjections)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ánˀtis, i-stem variant of Proto-Indo-European *h₂énh₂ts (“duck”).
Baltic cognates inclde Old Prussian antis, Lithuanian ántis (“duck”). Further cognates with Ancient Greek νῆττα (nêtta), Ossetian ацц (acc), Old Irish *āti, Sanskrit आति (ātí, “aquatic bird”).

ǫtę*ǫtenъkъ ()*ǫtęťь ()

duckling; duckling; duck-related; East Slavic; East Slavic


bľuzgati

bľuzgnǫti (perfective)
bľuzgatьje (noun-from-verb)
bľuzgati (infinitive)
bľuzgatъ (supine)
bľuzgalъ (l-participle)
bľuzgatъ (participle passive past)
bľuzgajemъ (participle passive present)
bľuzgavъ (active participle past)
bľuzgaję (active participle present)
bľuzgaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
bľuzga (aorist second-person singular)
bľuzga (aorist singular third-person)
bľuzgajǫ (first-person present singular)
bľuzgaješi (present second-person singular)
bľuzgajetь (present singular third-person)
bľuzgaxově (aorist dual first-person)
bľuzgasta (aorist dual second-person)
bľuzgaste (aorist dual third-person)
bľuzgajevě (dual first-person present)
bľuzgajeta (dual present second-person)
bľuzgajete (dual present third-person)
bľuzgaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bľuzgaste (aorist plural second-person)
bľuzgašę (aorist plural third-person)
bľuzgajemъ (first-person plural present)
bľuzgajete (plural present second-person)
bľuzgajǫtь (plural present third-person)
bľuzgaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bľuzgaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bľuzgaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bľuzgaji (imperative second-person singular)
bľuzgaji (imperative singular third-person)
bľuzgaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bľuzgaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bľuzgaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bľuzgajivě (dual first-person imperative)
bľuzgajita (dual imperative second-person)
bľuzgaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bľuzgaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bľuzgaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bľuzgajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bľuzgajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: блю́згать (bljúzgatʹ)

⇒ Ukrainian: блюзну́ти (bljuznúty)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бљу̏згати

Latin script: bljȕzgati

Slovene: bljȗzgati

West Slavic:

Polish: bluzgać

From *bľuti (“to gush, to vomit”) + *-zgati, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlewH- (“to overflow, to gush”). Possibly stretching back to Proto-Balto-Slavic *bljauzgāˀtei, with cognates Lithuanian bliauzgóti (“to rattle, to babble”), Latvian blauzgêt (“to rattle, to babble”). Further akin to Lithuanian bliaũkšti (“to babble”), Lithuanian blùzginti (“to echo”), Latvian blūžgêt (“to splash”) within Balto-Slavic and to Ancient Greek φλύζω (phlúzō, “to boil up, to gush”), possibly German plauschen (“to blab, to chatter”) within Indo-European.
According to Trubachev, of onomatopoeic origin.

cog

(figurative) to swear, to curse, to mumble


světiti

světìti (canonical imperfective)
světnǫti (perfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
svěťenьje (noun-from-verb)
světiti (infinitive)
světitъ (supine)
světilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
svěťenъ (participle passive past)
světimъ (participle passive present)
svěťь (active participle past)
světę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
světixъ (aorist first-person singular)
světi (aorist second-person singular)
světi (aorist singular third-person)
svěťǫ (first-person present singular)
světiši (present second-person singular)
světitь (present singular third-person)
světixově (aorist dual first-person)
světista (aorist dual second-person)
světiste (aorist dual third-person)
světivě (dual first-person present)
světita (dual present second-person)
světite (dual present third-person)
světixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
světiste (aorist plural second-person)
světišę (aorist plural third-person)
světimъ (first-person plural present)
světite (plural present second-person)
světętь (plural present third-person)
svěťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
svěťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
svěťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
světi (imperative second-person singular)
světi (imperative singular third-person)
svěťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
svěťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
svěťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
světivě (dual first-person imperative)
světita (dual imperative second-person)
svěťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
svěťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
svěťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
světimъ (first-person imperative plural)
světite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: свѣтити (světiti)

Belarusian: свяці́ць (svjacícʹ)

Russian: свети́ть (svetítʹ)

Ukrainian: світи́ти (svitýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: свѣтити (světiti)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⰲⱑⱅⰹⱅⰹ (světiti)

Bulgarian: све́тя (svétja), dial. светя́ (svetjá)

desc

⇒ Bulgarian: светкам (svetkam), светвам (svetvam)

Macedonian: свети (sveti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: свије́тити, све́тити

Latin script: svijétiti, svétiti

Slovene: svetīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: svietiti

Czech: svítit

Polish: świecić

Slovak: svietiť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: swěćyć

Lower Sorbian: swěśyś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śwaitī́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweyt-. Morphologically from Proto-Slavic *světъ (“world”) + *-iti. Cognate with Lithuanian švaitýti (according to Snoj: both are of secondary origin).


svidъ

*svida (alternative)
*svidy (alternative)
svidъ (nominative singular)
svida (dual nominative)
svidi (nominative plural)
svida (genitive singular)
svidu (dual genitive)
svidъ (genitive plural)
svidu (dative singular)
svidoma (dative dual)
svidomъ (dative plural)
svidъ (accusative singular)
svida (accusative dual)
svidy (accusative plural)
svidъmь (instrumental singular)
svidomь (instrumental singular)
svidoma (dual instrumental)
svidy (instrumental plural)
svidě (locative singular)
svidu (dual locative)
sviděxъ (locative plural)
svide (singular vocative)
svida (dual vocative)
svidi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: сви́да (svída)

⇒ Russian: свиди́на (svidína)

⇒ Ukrainian: свиди́на (svydýna)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: свид (svid), свит (svit) (dialectal)

⇒ Bulgarian: свидец (svidec)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сви̑б

Latin script: svȋb

Slovene: svíba

West Slavic:

Czech: svíd (obsolete)

Polish: świd

⇒ Polish: świdwa

Slovak: svíb

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: swid

Lower Sorbian: swid

Either from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweyd- (“to shine”) or from *sweydʰ- (“to glare, to heat”), due to the glaring crimson bark of the dogwood. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *hwītaz (“white”) or Lithuanian svidùs (“glaring”) (akin to Lithuanian svidė́ti (“to be bright”), svi̇̀sti (“to glare”), dial. svýsti), Old Prussian sidis (“dogwood”) depending on the exact etymology. Further akin to Latvian svîst (“to glance, to glare”).


svьtěti

svьnǫti (perfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
svьtěnьje (noun-from-verb)
svьtěti (infinitive)
svьtětъ (supine)
svьtělъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
svьtěnъ (participle passive past)
svьtimъ (participle passive present)
svьtěvъ (active participle past)
svьtę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
svьtěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
svьtě (aorist second-person singular)
svьtě (aorist singular third-person)
svьťǫ (first-person present singular)
svьtiši (present second-person singular)
svьtitь (present singular third-person)
svьtěxově (aorist dual first-person)
svьtěsta (aorist dual second-person)
svьtěste (aorist dual third-person)
svьtivě (dual first-person present)
svьtita (dual present second-person)
svьtite (dual present third-person)
svьtěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
svьtěste (aorist plural second-person)
svьtěšę (aorist plural third-person)
svьtimъ (first-person plural present)
svьtite (plural present second-person)
svьtętь (plural present third-person)
svьtěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
svьtěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
svьtěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
svьti (imperative second-person singular)
svьti (imperative singular third-person)
svьtěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
svьtěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
svьtěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
svьtivě (dual first-person imperative)
svьtita (dual imperative second-person)
svьtěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
svьtěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
svьtěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
svьtimъ (first-person imperative plural)
svьtite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: свьтѣти (svĭtěti)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⰲⱐⱅⱑⱅⰹ (svĭtěti)

West Slavic:

desc

Old Czech: stvieti, stkvieti, skvieti, kstvieti

Czech: skvít, stkvít

Polish: świt

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *świtḗˀtei, from essive of Proto-Indo-European *ḱweyt- (“to shine”). Cognate with Lithuanian švitė́ti (“to shine, to shimmer”).

cog

Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben
Rick Derksen


metъla

metъlà (canonical feminine)
*metъlo (alternative)
metъla (nominative singular)
metъlě (dual nominative)
metъly (nominative plural)
metъly (genitive singular)
metъlu (dual genitive)
metъlъ (genitive plural)
metъlě (dative singular)
metъlama (dative dual)
metъlamъ (dative plural)
metъlǫ (accusative singular)
metъlě (accusative dual)
metъly (accusative plural)
metъlojǫ (instrumental singular)
metъlǫ (instrumental singular)
metъlama (dual instrumental)
metъlami (instrumental plural)
metъlě (locative singular)
metъlu (dual locative)
metъlasъ (locative plural)
metъlaxъ (locative plural)
metъlo (singular vocative)
metъlě (dual vocative)
metъly (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: метъла (metŭla)

Old Ruthenian: метла (metla)

desc

Belarusian: мятла́ (mjatlá); метла́ (mjetlá), мітла́ (mitlá), мытла́ (mytlá) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: мітла́ (mitlá); метла́ (metlá) (dialectal)

Russian: метла́ (metlá); метло́ n (metló), мятло́ n (mjatló) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: метла́ (metlá)

Macedonian: метла (metla)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мѐтла; метла̏ (dialectal)

Latin script: mètla; metlȁ (dialectal)

Slovene: métla

West Slavic:

Old Czech: metla

Czech: metla

Old Polish:

Polish: miotła; miotło n (dialectal)

Old Slovak: metla

Pannonian Rusyn: метла (metla)

Slovak: metla

Polabian: metlă

Sorbian:

with -l- spread from <i class="Latn mention" lang="hsb">mjetlica</i>

Upper Sorbian: mjetla (“wand”, with -l- spread from mjetlica); mjetło n

Lower Sorbian: mjetła

Non-Slavic: (presumed borrowings)

→ Albanian: nétull, nétullë, netëll — Dibër, Mat, Krujë

desctree

→ Vulgar Latin: *metula
Aromanian: meturã
Istro-Romanian: méturę, métulę
Megleno-Romanian: metură, mietură
Romanian: mătură, mătoră, mătără — regional or obsolete

From *mesti (“to sweep”) + *-ъla (instrumental).
Scholars have variously reconstructed it with *ъ or *ь. Trubachev argues that derivatives such as the Polish diminutive miotełka or the Russian diminutive метёлка (metjólka) do not provide unambiguous evidence for either *ъ or *ь. Ultimately Trubachev opts for *ъ on the basis of the /u/ found in the presumed borrowings into Albanian and Romance listed below.


tylъ

tỳlъ (canonical masculine)
*tylo (alternative)
tylъ (nominative singular)
tỳla (dual nominative)
tỳli (nominative plural)
tỳla (genitive singular)
tỳlu (dual genitive)
tỳlъ (genitive plural)
tỳlu (dative singular)
tỳloma (dative dual)
tỳlomъ (dative plural)
tylъ (accusative singular)
tỳla (accusative dual)
tỳly (accusative plural)
tỳlъmь (instrumental singular)
tỳlomь (instrumental singular)
tỳloma (dual instrumental)
tỳlȳ (instrumental plural)
tỳlě (locative singular)
tỳlu (dual locative)
tỳlě̄xъ (locative plural)
tỳle (singular vocative)
tỳla (dual vocative)
tỳli (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: тылъ (tylŭ)

Russian: тыл (tyl)

Ukrainian: тил (tyl)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: тылъ (tylŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱅⱏⰹⰾⱏ (tylŭ)

Bulgarian: ти́л (tíl)

Macedonian: тил (til)

Serbo-Croatian:

⇒ Cyrillic script: за̀тиљак, по̀тиљак

⇒ Latin script: zàtiljak, pòtiljak

Slovene: tȋl (obsolete)

⇒ Slovene: tȋlnik (“cervix”)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: týl

Czech: týl

Old Polish: tył

Polish: tył

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: tił

Slovak: tylo n

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: tył, tyło n

Upper Sorbian: tył

Formed as *tyti (“to fatten”) + *-lъ, from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell, to be strong”). Akin to Lithuanian tū́las (“several”), Old Prussian tūlan (“much”) and possibly Sanskrit तूल (tūla, “tuft of grass or reeds”), Ancient Greek τῡ́λη (tū́lē, “hump, bulge”).


plačь

plàčь (canonical masculine)
plàčь (nominative singular)
plàča (dual nominative)
plàči (nominative plural)
plàča (genitive singular)
plàču (dual genitive)
plàčь (genitive plural)
plàču (dative singular)
plàčema (dative dual)
plàčēmъ (dative plural)
plàčь (accusative singular)
plàča (accusative dual)
plàčę̇ (accusative plural)
plàčьmь (instrumental singular)
plàčemь (instrumental singular)
plàčema (dual instrumental)
plàčī (instrumental plural)
plàči (locative singular)
plàču (dual locative)
plàčīxъ (locative plural)
plàču (singular vocative)
plàča (dual vocative)
plàči (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: плачь (plačĭ)

Belarusian: плач (plač)

Russian: плач (plač)

Carpathian Rusyn: пл'ач (plʺač)

Ukrainian: плач (plač)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: плачь (plačĭ)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Macedonian: плач (plač)

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: plač

Cyrillic script: плач

Slovene: plȃč (tonal orthography) (literary)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: pláč

Czech: pláč

Polish: płacz

Slovak: plač

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: płač

Lower Sorbian: płac

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *plā́ˀkjas, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂k-yó-s, from *pleh₂k-. Equivalent to *plakati + *-jь.


vortičь

vortičь (nominative singular)
vortiči (dual nominative)
vortičьje (nominative plural)
vortiči (genitive singular)
vortičьju (dual genitive)
vortičьjь (genitive plural)
vortiči (dative singular)
vortičьma (dative dual)
vortičьmъ (dative plural)
vortičь (accusative singular)
vortiči (accusative dual)
vortiči (accusative plural)
vortičьmь (instrumental singular)
vortičьma (dual instrumental)
vortičьmi (instrumental plural)
vortiči (locative singular)
vortičьju (dual locative)
vortičьxъ (locative plural)
vortiči (singular vocative)
vortiči (dual vocative)
vortičьje (plural vocative)
*vortika (alternative)
*vortiga (alternative)

East Slavic:

desc

Russian: воротич (vorotič), воро́тиш (vorótiš) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: воро́тич (vorótyč), воро́тиш (vorótyš), наворо́тиш (navorótyš) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: врати́га (vratíga), врати́ка (vratíka) (+ *-ika, *-iga)

Macedonian: вратига (vratiga), вратика (vratika) (+ *-ika, *-iga)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: вра̀тич, formerly in dialects also вратиш, вратик, вратика, повратич

Latin script: vràtič, formerly in dialects also vratiš, vratik, vratika, povratič

Slovene: vratȉč (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vrátyč

Czech: vrátič, vratič

Kashubian: warcycz m or f, warticz m or f (probably contaminated with Polish)

Old Polish: wrotycz

Polish: wrotycz

→ Russian: вро́тич (vrótič) (archaic)

Slovak: vratič

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wróćica

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: varádics

→? Romanian: vetrice

tansy (any plant of the genus Tanacetum)


polknǫti

polknǫ̀ti (canonical imperfective)
polkovati (perfective)
polknovenьje (noun-from-verb)
polknǫti (infinitive)
polknǫtъ (supine)
polknǫlъ (l-participle)
polknovenъ (participle passive past)
polknomъ (participle passive present)
polknǫvъ (active participle past)
polkny (active participle present)
polknǫxъ (aorist first-person singular)
polknǫ (aorist second-person singular)
polknǫ (aorist singular third-person)
polknǫ (first-person present singular)
polkneši (present second-person singular)
polknetь (present singular third-person)
polknǫxově (aorist dual first-person)
polknǫsta (aorist dual second-person)
polknǫste (aorist dual third-person)
polknevě (dual first-person present)
polkneta (dual present second-person)
polknete (dual present third-person)
polknǫxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
polknǫste (aorist plural second-person)
polknǫšę (aorist plural third-person)
polknemъ (first-person plural present)
polknete (plural present second-person)
polknǫtь (plural present third-person)
polkněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
polkněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
polkněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
polkni (imperative second-person singular)
polkni (imperative singular third-person)
polkněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
polkněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
polkněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
polkněvě (dual first-person imperative)
polkněta (dual imperative second-person)
polkněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
polkněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
polkněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
polkněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
polkněte (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: пла́кна (plákna)

Macedonian: плакне (plakne)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: спла́нути

Latin script: spláknuti

Slovene: -plaknīti

Slovene: izplaknīti

Slovene: odplaknīti

Slovene: poplaknīti

Slovene: splakováti

West Slavic:

Slovak: -pláchnuť, -pláknuť

Slovak: opláchnuť, opláknuť

Slovak: prepláchnuť, prepláknuť

Slovak: spláchnuť, spláknuť

Slovak: upláchnuť

Slovak: vypláchnuť, vypláknuť

From *polkati (“to wash, to beat”) + *-nǫti.


polkati

polkàti (canonical)
polkanьje (noun-from-verb)
polkati (infinitive)
polkatъ (supine)
polkalъ (l-participle)
polkanъ (participle passive past)
polčemъ (participle passive present)
polkavъ (active participle past)
polčę (active participle present)
polkaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
polka (aorist second-person singular)
polka (aorist singular third-person)
polčǫ (first-person present singular)
polčeši (present second-person singular)
polčetь (present singular third-person)
polkaxově (aorist dual first-person)
polkasta (aorist dual second-person)
polkaste (aorist dual third-person)
polčevě (dual first-person present)
polčeta (dual present second-person)
polčete (dual present third-person)
polkaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
polkaste (aorist plural second-person)
polkašę (aorist plural third-person)
polčemъ (first-person plural present)
polčete (plural present second-person)
polčǫtь (plural present third-person)
polkaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
polkaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
polkaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
polči (imperative second-person singular)
polči (imperative singular third-person)
polkaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
polkaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
polkaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
polčivě (dual first-person imperative)
polčita (dual imperative second-person)
polkaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
polkaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
polkaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
polčimъ (first-person imperative plural)
polčite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: полокати (polokati)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: плакати (plakati)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⰾⰰⰽⰰⱅⰻ (plakati)

Slovene: plákati (colloquial)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: plákat

Kashubian: płokac

Old Polish: płókać
Polish: płukać

Slovak: plákať, pláchať

Sorbian

Upper Sorbian: płokać

Related to Proto-Slavic *polti (“to wind, to fold”)


bratьskъ

bràtьskъ (canonical)
bratьskъ (masculine nominative singular)
bratьska (feminine nominative singular)
bratьsko (neuter nominative singular)
bratьska (genitive masculine singular)
bratьsky (feminine genitive singular)
bratьska (genitive neuter singular)
bratьsku (dative masculine singular)
bratьscě (dative feminine singular)
bratьsku (dative neuter singular)
bratьskъ (accusative masculine singular)
bratьskǫ (accusative feminine singular)
bratьsko (accusative neuter singular)
bratьskomь (instrumental masculine singular)
bratьskojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
bratьskomь (instrumental neuter singular)
bratьscě (locative masculine singular)
bratьscě (feminine locative singular)
bratьscě (locative neuter singular)
bratьšče (masculine singular vocative)
bratьsko (feminine singular vocative)
bratьsko (neuter singular vocative)
bratьska (dual masculine nominative)
bratьscě (dual feminine nominative)
bratьscě (dual neuter nominative)
bratьsku (dual genitive masculine)
bratьsku (dual feminine genitive)
bratьsku (dual genitive neuter)
bratьskoma (dative dual masculine)
bratьskama (dative dual feminine)
bratьskoma (dative dual neuter)
bratьska (accusative dual masculine)
bratьscě (accusative dual feminine)
bratьscě (accusative dual neuter)
bratьskoma (dual instrumental masculine)
bratьskama (dual feminine instrumental)
bratьskoma (dual instrumental neuter)
bratьsku (dual locative masculine)
bratьsku (dual feminine locative)
bratьsku (dual locative neuter)
bratьska (dual masculine vocative)
bratьscě (dual feminine vocative)
bratьscě (dual neuter vocative)
bratьsci (masculine nominative plural)
bratьsky (feminine nominative plural)
bratьska (neuter nominative plural)
bratьskъ (genitive masculine plural)
bratьskъ (feminine genitive plural)
bratьskъ (genitive neuter plural)
bratьskomъ (dative masculine plural)
bratьskamъ (dative feminine plural)
bratьskomъ (dative neuter plural)
bratьsky (accusative masculine plural)
bratьsky (accusative feminine plural)
bratьska (accusative neuter plural)
bratьsky (instrumental masculine plural)
bratьskami (feminine instrumental plural)
bratьsky (instrumental neuter plural)
bratьscěxъ (locative masculine plural)
bratьskaxъ (feminine locative plural)
bratьscěxъ (locative neuter plural)
bratьsci (masculine plural vocative)
bratьsky (feminine plural vocative)
bratьska (neuter plural vocative)
bratьskъjь (masculine nominative singular)
bratьskaja (feminine nominative singular)
bratьskoje (neuter nominative singular)
bratьskajego (genitive masculine singular)
bratьskyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
bratьskajego (genitive neuter singular)
bratьskujemu (dative masculine singular)
bratьscěji (dative feminine singular)
bratьskujemu (dative neuter singular)
bratьskъjь (accusative masculine singular)
bratьskǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
bratьskoje (accusative neuter singular)
bratьskyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
bratьskǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
bratьskyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
bratьscějemь (locative masculine singular)
bratьscěji (feminine locative singular)
bratьscějemь (locative neuter singular)
bratьskъjь (masculine singular vocative)
bratьskaja (feminine singular vocative)
bratьskoje (neuter singular vocative)
bratьskaja (dual masculine nominative)
bratьscěji (dual feminine nominative)
bratьscěji (dual neuter nominative)
bratьskuju (dual genitive masculine)
bratьskuju (dual feminine genitive)
bratьskuju (dual genitive neuter)
bratьskyjima (dative dual masculine)
bratьskyjima (dative dual feminine)
bratьskyjima (dative dual neuter)
bratьskaja (accusative dual masculine)
bratьscěji (accusative dual feminine)
bratьscěji (accusative dual neuter)
bratьskyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
bratьskyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
bratьskyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
bratьskuju (dual locative masculine)
bratьskuju (dual feminine locative)
bratьskuju (dual locative neuter)
bratьskaja (dual masculine vocative)
bratьscěji (dual feminine vocative)
bratьscěji (dual neuter vocative)
bratьsciji (masculine nominative plural)
bratьskyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
bratьskaja (neuter nominative plural)
bratьskъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
bratьskъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
bratьskъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
bratьskyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
bratьskyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
bratьskyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
bratьskyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
bratьskyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
bratьskaja (accusative neuter plural)
bratьskyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
bratьskyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
bratьskyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
bratьskyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
bratьskyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
bratьskyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
bratьsciji (masculine plural vocative)
bratьskyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
bratьskaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: братьскъ (bratĭskŭ)
Old Ruthenian: бра́тскїй (brátskij)
Middle Belarusian: бра́цкїй (bráckij)
Belarusian: бра́цкі (brácki)
Ukrainian: бра́тський (brátsʹkyj)
Russian: бра́тский (brátskij)

Old Novgorodian: *братьске (*bratĭske)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: братски (bratski)

Macedonian: братски (bratski)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бра̏тски

Latin script: brȁtski

Slovene: brátsko

West Slavic:

Czech: bratrský

Old Polish: bracki, bracski
Polish: (obsolete) bracki

Slovak: bratský

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *brā́ˀtiškas. Morphologically formed as *bràtъ + *-ьskъ.


jilъ

jìlъ (canonical masculine)
jilъ (nominative singular)
jìly (dual nominative)
jìlove (nominative plural)
jìlu (genitive singular)
jìlovu (dual genitive)
jìlovъ (genitive plural)
jìlovi (dative singular)
jìlъma (dative dual)
jìlъmъ (dative plural)
jilъ (accusative singular)
jìly (accusative dual)
jìly (accusative plural)
jìlъmь (instrumental singular)
jìlъma (dual instrumental)
jìlъmī (instrumental plural)
jìlū (locative singular)
jìlovu (dual locative)
jìlъxъ (locative plural)
jìlu (singular vocative)
jìly (dual vocative)
jìlove (plural vocative)


zvěrę

zvě̄rę̀ (canonical neuter)
zvěrę (nominative singular)
zvěrę̀ti (dual nominative)
zvěrę̀tā (nominative plural)
zvěrę̀te (genitive singular)
zvěrę̀tu (dual genitive)
zvěrę̀tъ (genitive plural)
zvěrę̀ti (dative singular)
zvěrę̀tьma (dative dual)
zvěrę̀tьmъ (dative plural)
zvěrę (accusative singular)
zvěrę̀ti (accusative dual)
zvěrę̀tā (accusative plural)
zvěrę̀tьmь (instrumental singular)
zvěrę̀tьma (dual instrumental)
zvěrę̀tȳ (instrumental plural)
zvěrę̀te (locative singular)
zvěrę̀tu (dual locative)
zvěrę̀tьxъ (locative plural)
zvěrę (singular vocative)
zvěrę̀ti (dual vocative)
zvěrę̀tā (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *звѣрѧ (*zvěrę)

Old Ruthenian: звѣрѧ́ (zvěrjá)

Ukrainian: звіря́ (zvirjá)

⇒ Russian: зверя́та pl (zverjáta)

South Slavic:

>? Macedonian: ѕвере (dzvere)

>? Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: звије̑ре

Latin: zvijȇre

West Slavic:

Czech: zvíře

Kashubian: zwierzã

Old Polish: źwierzę, źwirzę
Polish: zwierzę
Silesian: zwiyrzã

Slovak: zviera

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: zwěrje

Upper Sorbian: zwěrjo


bъzikati

bъzikanьje (noun-from-verb)
bъzikati (infinitive)
bъzikatъ (supine)
bъzikalъ (l-participle)
bъzikanъ (participle passive past)
bъzikajemъ (participle passive present)
bъzikavъ (active participle past)
bъzikaję (active participle present)
bъzikaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
bъzika (aorist second-person singular)
bъzika (aorist singular third-person)
bъzikajǫ (first-person present singular)
bъzikaješi (present second-person singular)
bъzikajetь (present singular third-person)
bъzikaxově (aorist dual first-person)
bъzikasta (aorist dual second-person)
bъzikaste (aorist dual third-person)
bъzikajevě (dual first-person present)
bъzikajeta (dual present second-person)
bъzikajete (dual present third-person)
bъzikaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bъzikaste (aorist plural second-person)
bъzikašę (aorist plural third-person)
bъzikajemъ (first-person plural present)
bъzikajete (plural present second-person)
bъzikajǫtь (plural present third-person)
bъzikaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bъzikaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bъzikaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bъzikaji (imperative second-person singular)
bъzikaji (imperative singular third-person)
bъzikaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bъzikaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bъzikaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bъzikajivě (dual first-person imperative)
bъzikajita (dual imperative second-person)
bъzikaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bъzikaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bъzikaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bъzikajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bъzikajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: бзы́кать (bzýkatʹ)

South Slavic:

Slovene: bzíkati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: bzikat

Polish: bzykać (“to buzz”)

Slovak: bzíkať (“to fly (for insects)”)

Of onomatopoeic origin. Equivalent to *bъzikъ + *-ati.


bukъ

*buka (alternative)
bukъ (nominative singular)
buka (dual nominative)
buci (nominative plural)
buka (genitive singular)
buku (dual genitive)
bukъ (genitive plural)
buku (dative singular)
bukoma (dative dual)
bukomъ (dative plural)
bukъ (accusative singular)
buka (accusative dual)
buky (accusative plural)
bukъmь (instrumental singular)
bukomь (instrumental singular)
bukoma (dual instrumental)
buky (instrumental plural)
bucě (locative singular)
buku (dual locative)
bucěxъ (locative plural)
buče (singular vocative)
buka (dual vocative)
buci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: бꙋкъ (bukŭ)

Russian: бук (buk) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бук (buk, “bang”) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бу̑к

Latin script: bȗk

Slovene: bȗk (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Czech: bouk, búk (dialectal)


bukъ

bukъ (nominative singular)
bùka (dual nominative)
bùci (nominative plural)
bùka (genitive singular)
bùku (dual genitive)
bùkъ (genitive plural)
bùku (dative singular)
bùkoma (dative dual)
bùkomъ (dative plural)
bukъ (accusative singular)
bùka (accusative dual)
bùky (accusative plural)
bùkъmь (instrumental singular)
bùkomь (instrumental singular)
bùkoma (dual instrumental)
bùkȳ (instrumental plural)
bùcě (locative singular)
bùku (dual locative)
bùcě̄xъ (locative plural)
bùče (singular vocative)
bùka (dual vocative)
bùci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: бук (buk)

Russian: бук (buk)

Ukrainian: бук (buk)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бук (buk)

Macedonian: бук (buk)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бу̏к (archaic)

Latin script: bȕk (archaic)

West Slavic:

Czech: buk

Kashubian: bùk

Polabian: bauk

Polish: buk

Slovak: buk

Slovincian: búk

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: buk

Lower Sorbian: buk

→ Lithuanian: bùkas

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵosder.
Proto-Germanic *bōkōbor.
Proto-Slavic *bukъ
Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *bōkō (“beech”), with a secondary gender change, perhaps in analogy with the native terms Proto-Slavic *dǫbъ (“oak”), *grabrъ (“hornbeam”), *klenъ (“maple”). Probably from a West Germanic source.


jьlo

jьlo (nominative singular)
jь̀lě (dual nominative)
jь̀la (nominative plural)
jь̀la (genitive singular)
jь̀lu (dual genitive)
jь̀lъ (genitive plural)
jь̀lu (dative singular)
jь̀loma (dative dual)
jь̀lomъ (dative plural)
jьlo (accusative singular)
jь̀lě (accusative dual)
jь̀la (accusative plural)
jь̀lъmь (instrumental singular)
jь̀lomь (instrumental singular)
jь̀loma (dual instrumental)
jь̀lȳ (instrumental plural)
jь̀lě (locative singular)
jь̀lu (dual locative)
jь̀lě̄xъ (locative plural)
jьlo (singular vocative)
jь̀lě (dual vocative)
jь̀la (plural vocative)


jь že

East Slavic:

>? Old East Slavic: иже (iže), иж (iž)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: иже (iže)

Glagolitic: ⰹⰶⰵ (iže)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: јер

Latin script: jer

Slovene: ker

West Slavic:

Old Czech: že, ježe, eže, ež
Czech: že

Kashubian: że

Old Polish: iże, że, iż

Polish: że, iż

Silesian: że, iż


stьrkъ

stьrkъ (nominative singular)
stьrka (dual nominative)
stьrci (nominative plural)
stьrka (genitive singular)
stьrku (dual genitive)
stьrkъ (genitive plural)
stьrku (dative singular)
stьrkoma (dative dual)
stьrkomъ (dative plural)
stьrkъ (accusative singular)
stьrka (accusative dual)
stьrky (accusative plural)
stьrkъmь (instrumental singular)
stьrkomь (instrumental singular)
stьrkoma (dual instrumental)
stьrky (instrumental plural)
stьrcě (locative singular)
stьrku (dual locative)
stьrcěxъ (locative plural)
stьrče (singular vocative)
stьrka (dual vocative)
stьrci (plural vocative)
*ščьrkъ (alternative)
*stьrxъ (alternative)
*sterxъ (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: стьркъ (stĭrkŭ)

Russian: стерк (sterk), стерх (sterx), dial. сте́рех (stérex)

Ukrainian: стерх (sterx)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: стрькъ (strĭkŭ), стръкъ (strŭkŭ)

Bulgarian: щърк (štǎrk), щъркел (štǎrkel)

Macedonian: штрк (štrk)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: штр̑к, штр̏к

Latin script: štȓk, štȑk

Slovene: štȓk (until 18 cent.)

⇒ Slovene: štọ̑rklja

Non-Slavic:

Albanian: shtërg

Romanian: stârc

Related to Proto-Germanic *sturkaz (“stork”) (whence Lithuanian star̃kus (“stork”), Latvian stārķis (“stork”)), Latvian stirka (“creature with long legs”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ter- (“to bulge, to stick out”), cf. Proto-Slavic *(s)tъrčati.


nevoľa

nevoľa (nominative singular)
nevoľi (dual nominative)
nevoľę̇ (nominative plural)
nevoľę̇ (genitive singular)
nevoľu (dual genitive)
nevoľь (genitive plural)
nevoľi (dative singular)
nevoľama (dative dual)
nevoľamъ (dative plural)
nevoľǫ (accusative singular)
nevoľi (accusative dual)
nevoľę̇ (accusative plural)
nevoľejǫ (instrumental singular)
nevoľǫ (instrumental singular)
nevoľama (dual instrumental)
nevoľami (instrumental plural)
nevoľi (locative singular)
nevoľu (dual locative)
nevoľasъ (locative plural)
nevoľaxъ (locative plural)
nevoľe (singular vocative)
nevoľi (dual vocative)
nevoľę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: неволꙗ (nevolja)

Old Ruthenian: нево́лꙗ (nevólja)

Belarusian: няво́ля (njavólja); нево́ля (njevólja) (dialectal)

Carpathian Rusyn: нево́ля (nevólja)

Ukrainian: нево́ля (nevólja)

Russian: нево́ля (nevólja); ниволя (nivólja) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

desc

Old Cyrillic script: неволꙗ (nevolja), неволѣ (nevolě)

Glagolitic script: ⱀⰵⰲⱁⰾⱑ (nevolě)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: нѐвоља; нево̏ја (dialectal)

Latin script: nèvolja; nevȍja (dialectal)

Slovene: nevólja (tonal orthography); névolja, névọla, nevóla (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: niewòlô

Old Czech: nevole, nevóle

Czech: nevole; nevoľa, nevu̇le (dialectal)

Old Polish: niewola

Polish: niewola
→ Low Prussian: Niwoll

Silesian: niywolŏ

Old Slovak: nevoľa, nevóľa, nevôľa, nevúľa

Pannonian Rusyn: нєволя (njevolja)

Slovak: nevoľa, nevôľa (archaic, bookish); nevola (dialectal)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: ńewola

Upper Sorbian: njewola

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: nevojë

→ Romanian: nevoie


ǫzъ

ǫzъ (masculine nominative singular)
ǫza (feminine nominative singular)
ǫzo (neuter nominative singular)
ǫza (genitive masculine singular)
ǫzy (feminine genitive singular)
ǫza (genitive neuter singular)
ǫzu (dative masculine singular)
ǫzě (dative feminine singular)
ǫzu (dative neuter singular)
ǫzъ (accusative masculine singular)
ǫzǫ (accusative feminine singular)
ǫzo (accusative neuter singular)
ǫzomь (instrumental masculine singular)
ǫzojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
ǫzomь (instrumental neuter singular)
ǫzě (locative masculine singular)
ǫzě (feminine locative singular)
ǫzě (locative neuter singular)
ǫze (masculine singular vocative)
ǫzo (feminine singular vocative)
ǫzo (neuter singular vocative)
ǫza (dual masculine nominative)
ǫzě (dual feminine nominative)
ǫzě (dual neuter nominative)
ǫzu (dual genitive masculine)
ǫzu (dual feminine genitive)
ǫzu (dual genitive neuter)
ǫzoma (dative dual masculine)
ǫzama (dative dual feminine)
ǫzoma (dative dual neuter)
ǫza (accusative dual masculine)
ǫzě (accusative dual feminine)
ǫzě (accusative dual neuter)
ǫzoma (dual instrumental masculine)
ǫzama (dual feminine instrumental)
ǫzoma (dual instrumental neuter)
ǫzu (dual locative masculine)
ǫzu (dual feminine locative)
ǫzu (dual locative neuter)
ǫza (dual masculine vocative)
ǫzě (dual feminine vocative)
ǫzě (dual neuter vocative)
ǫzi (masculine nominative plural)
ǫzy (feminine nominative plural)
ǫza (neuter nominative plural)
ǫzъ (genitive masculine plural)
ǫzъ (feminine genitive plural)
ǫzъ (genitive neuter plural)
ǫzomъ (dative masculine plural)
ǫzamъ (dative feminine plural)
ǫzomъ (dative neuter plural)
ǫzy (accusative masculine plural)
ǫzy (accusative feminine plural)
ǫza (accusative neuter plural)
ǫzy (instrumental masculine plural)
ǫzami (feminine instrumental plural)
ǫzy (instrumental neuter plural)
ǫzěxъ (locative masculine plural)
ǫzaxъ (feminine locative plural)
ǫzěxъ (locative neuter plural)
ǫzi (masculine plural vocative)
ǫzy (feminine plural vocative)
ǫza (neuter plural vocative)
ǫzъjь (masculine nominative singular)
ǫzaja (feminine nominative singular)
ǫzoje (neuter nominative singular)
ǫzajego (genitive masculine singular)
ǫzyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
ǫzajego (genitive neuter singular)
ǫzujemu (dative masculine singular)
ǫzěji (dative feminine singular)
ǫzujemu (dative neuter singular)
ǫzъjь (accusative masculine singular)
ǫzǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
ǫzoje (accusative neuter singular)
ǫzyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
ǫzǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
ǫzyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
ǫzějemь (locative masculine singular)
ǫzěji (feminine locative singular)
ǫzějemь (locative neuter singular)
ǫzъjь (masculine singular vocative)
ǫzaja (feminine singular vocative)
ǫzoje (neuter singular vocative)
ǫzaja (dual masculine nominative)
ǫzěji (dual feminine nominative)
ǫzěji (dual neuter nominative)
ǫzuju (dual genitive masculine)
ǫzuju (dual feminine genitive)
ǫzuju (dual genitive neuter)
ǫzyjima (dative dual masculine)
ǫzyjima (dative dual feminine)
ǫzyjima (dative dual neuter)
ǫzaja (accusative dual masculine)
ǫzěji (accusative dual feminine)
ǫzěji (accusative dual neuter)
ǫzyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
ǫzyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
ǫzyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
ǫzuju (dual locative masculine)
ǫzuju (dual feminine locative)
ǫzuju (dual locative neuter)
ǫzaja (dual masculine vocative)
ǫzěji (dual feminine vocative)
ǫzěji (dual neuter vocative)
ǫziji (masculine nominative plural)
ǫzyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
ǫzaja (neuter nominative plural)
ǫzъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
ǫzъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
ǫzъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
ǫzyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
ǫzyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
ǫzyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
ǫzyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
ǫzyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
ǫzaja (accusative neuter plural)
ǫzyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
ǫzyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
ǫzyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
ǫzyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
ǫzyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
ǫzyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
ǫziji (masculine plural vocative)
ǫzyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
ǫzaja (neuter plural vocative)

Either directly inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enǵʰós, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enǵʰ- (“narrow, tight”), or a native formation from the causative Proto-Slavic *ǫziti (“to constrain”).


ǫzъ

ǫ̃zъ (nominative singular)
ǭzà (dual nominative)
ǭzì (nominative plural)
ǭzà (genitive singular)
ǭzù (dual genitive)
ǫ̃zъ (genitive plural)
ǭzù (dative singular)
ǭzòma (dative dual)
ǭzòmъ (dative plural)
ǫ̃zъ (accusative singular)
ǭzà (accusative dual)
ǭzỳ (accusative plural)
ǭzъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
ǭzòmь (instrumental singular)
ǭzòma (dual instrumental)
ǫ̃zy (instrumental plural)
ǭzě̀ (locative singular)
ǭzù (dual locative)
ǫ̃zěxъ (locative plural)
ǫze (singular vocative)
ǭzà (dual vocative)
ǭzì (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: вѫзъ (vǫzŭ)

q

possibly from <i class="Latn mention" lang="sla-pro">*ǫza</i>

Bulgarian: въз (vǎz), възе (vǎze, “binder, fastener”) (dialectal, possibly from *ǫza)


togъda

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: тогъда (togŭda), тогъдꙑ (togŭdy), тъгда (tŭgda), тъгдꙑ (tŭgdy)

Old Ruthenian: тогды́ (tohdý), тогди́ (tohdí), тоды́ (todý), токгды́ (togdý)

Middle Belarusian: тагды́ (tahdý)

Belarusian: тады́ (tadý)

Ukrainian: тоді́ (todí)

Russian: тогда́ (togdá)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тада

Latin script: tada

West Slavic:

Kashubian: tedë

desctree

Old Czech: tehdy, tedy, tdy, tehdy
Czech: tedy

Old Polish: tedy, tegdy
Polish: tedy
Silesian: tedy

Old Slovak: tedy, tehdy, tody, vtedy

Pannonian Rusyn: теди (tedi)

Slovak: vtedy

*togъdy (alternative)
*tъgъda (alternative)


verdьnъ

verdьnъ (masculine nominative singular)
verdьna (feminine nominative singular)
verdьno (neuter nominative singular)
verdьna (genitive masculine singular)
verdьny (feminine genitive singular)
verdьna (genitive neuter singular)
verdьnu (dative masculine singular)
verdьně (dative feminine singular)
verdьnu (dative neuter singular)
verdьnъ (accusative masculine singular)
verdьnǫ (accusative feminine singular)
verdьno (accusative neuter singular)
verdьnomь (instrumental masculine singular)
verdьnojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
verdьnomь (instrumental neuter singular)
verdьně (locative masculine singular)
verdьně (feminine locative singular)
verdьně (locative neuter singular)
verdьne (masculine singular vocative)
verdьno (feminine singular vocative)
verdьno (neuter singular vocative)
verdьna (dual masculine nominative)
verdьně (dual feminine nominative)
verdьně (dual neuter nominative)
verdьnu (dual genitive masculine)
verdьnu (dual feminine genitive)
verdьnu (dual genitive neuter)
verdьnoma (dative dual masculine)
verdьnama (dative dual feminine)
verdьnoma (dative dual neuter)
verdьna (accusative dual masculine)
verdьně (accusative dual feminine)
verdьně (accusative dual neuter)
verdьnoma (dual instrumental masculine)
verdьnama (dual feminine instrumental)
verdьnoma (dual instrumental neuter)
verdьnu (dual locative masculine)
verdьnu (dual feminine locative)
verdьnu (dual locative neuter)
verdьna (dual masculine vocative)
verdьně (dual feminine vocative)
verdьně (dual neuter vocative)
verdьni (masculine nominative plural)
verdьny (feminine nominative plural)
verdьna (neuter nominative plural)
verdьnъ (genitive masculine plural)
verdьnъ (feminine genitive plural)
verdьnъ (genitive neuter plural)
verdьnomъ (dative masculine plural)
verdьnamъ (dative feminine plural)
verdьnomъ (dative neuter plural)
verdьny (accusative masculine plural)
verdьny (accusative feminine plural)
verdьna (accusative neuter plural)
verdьny (instrumental masculine plural)
verdьnami (feminine instrumental plural)
verdьny (instrumental neuter plural)
verdьněxъ (locative masculine plural)
verdьnaxъ (feminine locative plural)
verdьněxъ (locative neuter plural)
verdьni (masculine plural vocative)
verdьny (feminine plural vocative)
verdьna (neuter plural vocative)
verdьnъjь (masculine nominative singular)
verdьnaja (feminine nominative singular)
verdьnoje (neuter nominative singular)
verdьnajego (genitive masculine singular)
verdьnyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
verdьnajego (genitive neuter singular)
verdьnujemu (dative masculine singular)
verdьněji (dative feminine singular)
verdьnujemu (dative neuter singular)
verdьnъjь (accusative masculine singular)
verdьnǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
verdьnoje (accusative neuter singular)
verdьnyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
verdьnǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
verdьnyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
verdьnějemь (locative masculine singular)
verdьněji (feminine locative singular)
verdьnějemь (locative neuter singular)
verdьnъjь (masculine singular vocative)
verdьnaja (feminine singular vocative)
verdьnoje (neuter singular vocative)
verdьnaja (dual masculine nominative)
verdьněji (dual feminine nominative)
verdьněji (dual neuter nominative)
verdьnuju (dual genitive masculine)
verdьnuju (dual feminine genitive)
verdьnuju (dual genitive neuter)
verdьnyjima (dative dual masculine)
verdьnyjima (dative dual feminine)
verdьnyjima (dative dual neuter)
verdьnaja (accusative dual masculine)
verdьněji (accusative dual feminine)
verdьněji (accusative dual neuter)
verdьnyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
verdьnyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
verdьnyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
verdьnuju (dual locative masculine)
verdьnuju (dual feminine locative)
verdьnuju (dual locative neuter)
verdьnaja (dual masculine vocative)
verdьněji (dual feminine vocative)
verdьněji (dual neuter vocative)
verdьniji (masculine nominative plural)
verdьnyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
verdьnaja (neuter nominative plural)
verdьnъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
verdьnъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
verdьnъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
verdьnyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
verdьnyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
verdьnyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
verdьnyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
verdьnyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
verdьnaja (accusative neuter plural)
verdьnyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
verdьnyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
verdьnyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
verdьnyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
verdьnyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
verdьnyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
verdьniji (masculine plural vocative)
verdьnyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
verdьnaja (neuter plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: вре́ден (vréden) (dialectal)

Macedonian: вреден (vreden)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: врије́дан

Latin script: vrijédan

Slovene: vrẹ́den

South Slavic isogloss, with dubious origin. The main two hypotheses for its etymology are:
* Native origin: According to St. Mladenov, from Proto-Indo-European *werdʰ- (“to raise”), cognate with Sanskrit वर्धति (vardhati, “to grow, to elevate”), Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬛𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (varədaⁱti, “to enlarge”). Probably akin to Proto-Slavic *verdъ, though, certainly not in its attested meaning wart, wound. See there for further discussion.
* Borrowing: Built on the basis of Old High German werd (“worth”), from Proto-Germanic *werþaz. Probably borrowed around 9th century.
Georgiev and Skok remain inconclusive.


verdьnъ

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: врѣдьнъ (vrědĭnŭ)

Bulgarian: вре́ден (vréden)

West Slavic:

desc

Polish: wrzedny (Middle Polish), wrzodny (rare)


ščirъ

ščirъ (nominative singular)
ščira (dual nominative)
ščiri (nominative plural)
ščira (genitive singular)
ščiru (dual genitive)
ščirъ (genitive plural)
ščiru (dative singular)
ščiroma (dative dual)
ščiromъ (dative plural)
ščirъ (accusative singular)
ščira (accusative dual)
ščiry (accusative plural)
ščirъmь (instrumental singular)
ščiromь (instrumental singular)
ščiroma (dual instrumental)
ščiry (instrumental plural)
ščirě (locative singular)
ščiru (dual locative)
ščirěxъ (locative plural)
ščire (singular vocative)
ščira (dual vocative)
ščiri (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: щир (ščir)

Ukrainian: щир (ščyr)

South Slavic:

desctree

Bulgarian: щир (štir)
→ Gagauz: iştir
→ Romanian: știr
→ Ottoman Turkish: اشتیر (iştir), اشتر (iştir)
Turkish: iştir, ıştır

Macedonian: штир (štir)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: шћи̑р, шти̑р, on some islands also шћур

Latin script: šćȋr, štȋr, on some islands also šćur

Slovene: ščȋr

West Slavic:

Czech: štír

Polish: szczyr, szczer (obsolete)

Sorbian:

desc

Lower Sorbian: šćěŕ (“common groundsel”)

Upper Sorbian: šćěr (“mercury”), šćěrjenc (“amaranth”)

Non-Slavic:

→ Old High German: stīr, stur (“blite, endive”) [from 11ᵗʰ century]

Middle High German: stīr, stur, stuor, stuur, stuuir, stor (“blite”)

Unknown. Formally compatible with Proto-Germanic *skīriz (“pure, clear, sheer”), though the semantic connection would be unclear.

cog

blite (Amaranthus gen. et spp., particularly Amaranthus blitum)


ščirъ

ščirъ (masculine nominative singular)
ščira (feminine nominative singular)
ščiro (neuter nominative singular)
ščira (genitive masculine singular)
ščiry (feminine genitive singular)
ščira (genitive neuter singular)
ščiru (dative masculine singular)
ščirě (dative feminine singular)
ščiru (dative neuter singular)
ščirъ (accusative masculine singular)
ščirǫ (accusative feminine singular)
ščiro (accusative neuter singular)
ščiromь (instrumental masculine singular)
ščirojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
ščiromь (instrumental neuter singular)
ščirě (locative masculine singular)
ščirě (feminine locative singular)
ščirě (locative neuter singular)
ščire (masculine singular vocative)
ščiro (feminine singular vocative)
ščiro (neuter singular vocative)
ščira (dual masculine nominative)
ščirě (dual feminine nominative)
ščirě (dual neuter nominative)
ščiru (dual genitive masculine)
ščiru (dual feminine genitive)
ščiru (dual genitive neuter)
ščiroma (dative dual masculine)
ščirama (dative dual feminine)
ščiroma (dative dual neuter)
ščira (accusative dual masculine)
ščirě (accusative dual feminine)
ščirě (accusative dual neuter)
ščiroma (dual instrumental masculine)
ščirama (dual feminine instrumental)
ščiroma (dual instrumental neuter)
ščiru (dual locative masculine)
ščiru (dual feminine locative)
ščiru (dual locative neuter)
ščira (dual masculine vocative)
ščirě (dual feminine vocative)
ščirě (dual neuter vocative)
ščiri (masculine nominative plural)
ščiry (feminine nominative plural)
ščira (neuter nominative plural)
ščirъ (genitive masculine plural)
ščirъ (feminine genitive plural)
ščirъ (genitive neuter plural)
ščiromъ (dative masculine plural)
ščiramъ (dative feminine plural)
ščiromъ (dative neuter plural)
ščiry (accusative masculine plural)
ščiry (accusative feminine plural)
ščira (accusative neuter plural)
ščiry (instrumental masculine plural)
ščirami (feminine instrumental plural)
ščiry (instrumental neuter plural)
ščirěxъ (locative masculine plural)
ščiraxъ (feminine locative plural)
ščirěxъ (locative neuter plural)
ščiri (masculine plural vocative)
ščiry (feminine plural vocative)
ščira (neuter plural vocative)
ščirъjь (masculine nominative singular)
ščiraja (feminine nominative singular)
ščiroje (neuter nominative singular)
ščirajego (genitive masculine singular)
ščiryję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
ščirajego (genitive neuter singular)
ščirujemu (dative masculine singular)
ščirěji (dative feminine singular)
ščirujemu (dative neuter singular)
ščirъjь (accusative masculine singular)
ščirǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
ščiroje (accusative neuter singular)
ščiryjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
ščirǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
ščiryjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
ščirějemь (locative masculine singular)
ščirěji (feminine locative singular)
ščirějemь (locative neuter singular)
ščirъjь (masculine singular vocative)
ščiraja (feminine singular vocative)
ščiroje (neuter singular vocative)
ščiraja (dual masculine nominative)
ščirěji (dual feminine nominative)
ščirěji (dual neuter nominative)
ščiruju (dual genitive masculine)
ščiruju (dual feminine genitive)
ščiruju (dual genitive neuter)
ščiryjima (dative dual masculine)
ščiryjima (dative dual feminine)
ščiryjima (dative dual neuter)
ščiraja (accusative dual masculine)
ščirěji (accusative dual feminine)
ščirěji (accusative dual neuter)
ščiryjima (dual instrumental masculine)
ščiryjima (dual feminine instrumental)
ščiryjima (dual instrumental neuter)
ščiruju (dual locative masculine)
ščiruju (dual feminine locative)
ščiruju (dual locative neuter)
ščiraja (dual masculine vocative)
ščirěji (dual feminine vocative)
ščirěji (dual neuter vocative)
ščiriji (masculine nominative plural)
ščiryję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
ščiraja (neuter nominative plural)
ščirъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
ščirъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
ščirъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
ščiryjimъ (dative masculine plural)
ščiryjimъ (dative feminine plural)
ščiryjimъ (dative neuter plural)
ščiryję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
ščiryję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
ščiraja (accusative neuter plural)
ščiryjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
ščiryjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
ščiryjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
ščiryjixъ (locative masculine plural)
ščiryjixъ (feminine locative plural)
ščiryjixъ (locative neuter plural)
ščiriji (masculine plural vocative)
ščiryję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
ščiraja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: шчы́ры (ščýry)

Russian: щи́рый (ščíryj) (regional)

Ukrainian: щи́рий (ščýryj)

West Slavic:

Czech: čirý

Old Polish: szczyry

Polish: szczery

Pannonian Rusyn: щири (ščiri)

Slovak: číry

Uncertain, but a connection to *širъ, *širokъ (“wide”) as well as to Proto-Germanic *skīriz (“pure, sheer”) is attractive.


drěkъ

drěkъ (nominative singular)
drěka (dual nominative)
drěci (nominative plural)
drěka (genitive singular)
drěku (dual genitive)
drěkъ (genitive plural)
drěku (dative singular)
drěkoma (dative dual)
drěkomъ (dative plural)
drěkъ (accusative singular)
drěka (accusative dual)
drěky (accusative plural)
drěkъmь (instrumental singular)
drěkomь (instrumental singular)
drěkoma (dual instrumental)
drěky (instrumental plural)
drěcě (locative singular)
drěku (dual locative)
drěcěxъ (locative plural)
drěče (singular vocative)
drěka (dual vocative)
drěci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Ukrainian: дрік m (drik, “broom, gorse (Ulex)”) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дре̑к, дријек (“cart frame, rail”) (dialectal)

Latin script: drȇk, drik (Kaikavian dialect)

West Slavic:

Czech: dřík, dial. dřék

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: derék (“waist”) (probably)

→ Romanian: dric

Probably from an earlier substantivized adjective cognate with Lithuanian drai̇̃kas (“slender, erect”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *draikas. According to Skok, possibly related to Proto-Slavic *drьkolь (“stick”). Further etymology is uncertain.


drěčьnъ

drěčьnъ (masculine nominative singular)
drěčьna (feminine nominative singular)
drěčьno (neuter nominative singular)
drěčьna (genitive masculine singular)
drěčьny (feminine genitive singular)
drěčьna (genitive neuter singular)
drěčьnu (dative masculine singular)
drěčьně (dative feminine singular)
drěčьnu (dative neuter singular)
drěčьnъ (accusative masculine singular)
drěčьnǫ (accusative feminine singular)
drěčьno (accusative neuter singular)
drěčьnomь (instrumental masculine singular)
drěčьnojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
drěčьnomь (instrumental neuter singular)
drěčьně (locative masculine singular)
drěčьně (feminine locative singular)
drěčьně (locative neuter singular)
drěčьne (masculine singular vocative)
drěčьno (feminine singular vocative)
drěčьno (neuter singular vocative)
drěčьna (dual masculine nominative)
drěčьně (dual feminine nominative)
drěčьně (dual neuter nominative)
drěčьnu (dual genitive masculine)
drěčьnu (dual feminine genitive)
drěčьnu (dual genitive neuter)
drěčьnoma (dative dual masculine)
drěčьnama (dative dual feminine)
drěčьnoma (dative dual neuter)
drěčьna (accusative dual masculine)
drěčьně (accusative dual feminine)
drěčьně (accusative dual neuter)
drěčьnoma (dual instrumental masculine)
drěčьnama (dual feminine instrumental)
drěčьnoma (dual instrumental neuter)
drěčьnu (dual locative masculine)
drěčьnu (dual feminine locative)
drěčьnu (dual locative neuter)
drěčьna (dual masculine vocative)
drěčьně (dual feminine vocative)
drěčьně (dual neuter vocative)
drěčьni (masculine nominative plural)
drěčьny (feminine nominative plural)
drěčьna (neuter nominative plural)
drěčьnъ (genitive masculine plural)
drěčьnъ (feminine genitive plural)
drěčьnъ (genitive neuter plural)
drěčьnomъ (dative masculine plural)
drěčьnamъ (dative feminine plural)
drěčьnomъ (dative neuter plural)
drěčьny (accusative masculine plural)
drěčьny (accusative feminine plural)
drěčьna (accusative neuter plural)
drěčьny (instrumental masculine plural)
drěčьnami (feminine instrumental plural)
drěčьny (instrumental neuter plural)
drěčьněxъ (locative masculine plural)
drěčьnaxъ (feminine locative plural)
drěčьněxъ (locative neuter plural)
drěčьni (masculine plural vocative)
drěčьny (feminine plural vocative)
drěčьna (neuter plural vocative)
drěčьnъjь (masculine nominative singular)
drěčьnaja (feminine nominative singular)
drěčьnoje (neuter nominative singular)
drěčьnajego (genitive masculine singular)
drěčьnyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
drěčьnajego (genitive neuter singular)
drěčьnujemu (dative masculine singular)
drěčьněji (dative feminine singular)
drěčьnujemu (dative neuter singular)
drěčьnъjь (accusative masculine singular)
drěčьnǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
drěčьnoje (accusative neuter singular)
drěčьnyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
drěčьnǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
drěčьnyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
drěčьnějemь (locative masculine singular)
drěčьněji (feminine locative singular)
drěčьnějemь (locative neuter singular)
drěčьnъjь (masculine singular vocative)
drěčьnaja (feminine singular vocative)
drěčьnoje (neuter singular vocative)
drěčьnaja (dual masculine nominative)
drěčьněji (dual feminine nominative)
drěčьněji (dual neuter nominative)
drěčьnuju (dual genitive masculine)
drěčьnuju (dual feminine genitive)
drěčьnuju (dual genitive neuter)
drěčьnyjima (dative dual masculine)
drěčьnyjima (dative dual feminine)
drěčьnyjima (dative dual neuter)
drěčьnaja (accusative dual masculine)
drěčьněji (accusative dual feminine)
drěčьněji (accusative dual neuter)
drěčьnyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
drěčьnyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
drěčьnyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
drěčьnuju (dual locative masculine)
drěčьnuju (dual feminine locative)
drěčьnuju (dual locative neuter)
drěčьnaja (dual masculine vocative)
drěčьněji (dual feminine vocative)
drěčьněji (dual neuter vocative)
drěčьniji (masculine nominative plural)
drěčьnyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
drěčьnaja (neuter nominative plural)
drěčьnъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
drěčьnъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
drěčьnъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
drěčьnyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
drěčьnyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
drěčьnyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
drěčьnyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
drěčьnyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
drěčьnaja (accusative neuter plural)
drěčьnyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
drěčьnyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
drěčьnyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
drěčьnyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
drěčьnyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
drěčьnyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
drěčьniji (masculine plural vocative)
drěčьnyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
drěčьnaja (neuter plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дри̏јечан, дре̑чан (rare, dialectal)

Latin script: drȉječan, dréčan, dričan (dialectal)

Slovene: dréčən (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: dríčný, drýčný

Slovak: drečný


tupati

tupanьje (noun-from-verb)
tupati (infinitive)
tupatъ (supine)
tupalъ (l-participle)
tupanъ (participle passive past)
tupajemъ (participle passive present)
tupavъ (active participle past)
tupaję (active participle present)
tupaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
tupa (aorist second-person singular)
tupa (aorist singular third-person)
tupajǫ (first-person present singular)
tupaješi (present second-person singular)
tupajetь (present singular third-person)
tupaxově (aorist dual first-person)
tupasta (aorist dual second-person)
tupaste (aorist dual third-person)
tupajevě (dual first-person present)
tupajeta (dual present second-person)
tupajete (dual present third-person)
tupaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tupaste (aorist plural second-person)
tupašę (aorist plural third-person)
tupajemъ (first-person plural present)
tupajete (plural present second-person)
tupajǫtь (plural present third-person)
tupaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tupaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tupaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
tupaji (imperative second-person singular)
tupaji (imperative singular third-person)
tupaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tupaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tupaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tupajivě (dual first-person imperative)
tupajita (dual imperative second-person)
tupaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tupaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tupaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tupajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
tupajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ту́паць (túpacʹ)

Russian: ту́пать (túpatʹ)

Ukrainian: ту́пати (túpaty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ту́пам (túpam)

Macedonian: тупа (tupa)

West Slavic:

Polish: tupać

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: tupać

Lower Sorbian: tupaś

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp-, with cognates Lithuanian tupė́ti (“to crowd, to squat”), Sanskrit तोपति (topati), तुपति (tupati, “to hurt”), Ancient Greek τύπτω (túptō, “to beat, to smite”), Latin stupeō (“to stun”), possibly Proto-Germanic *þeubaz (“thief”), *þubōną.


moldežь

*molděžь (alternative)
moldežь (nominative singular)
moldeži (dual nominative)
moldeži (nominative plural)
moldeži (genitive singular)
moldežьju (dual genitive)
moldežьjь (genitive plural)
moldeži (dative singular)
moldežьma (dative dual)
moldežьmъ (dative plural)
moldežь (accusative singular)
moldeži (accusative dual)
moldeži (accusative plural)
moldežьjǫ (instrumental singular)
moldežьma (dual instrumental)
moldežьmi (instrumental plural)
moldeži (locative singular)
moldežьju (dual locative)
moldežьxъ (locative plural)
moldeži (singular vocative)
moldeži (dual vocative)
moldeži (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: молодежь (molodežĭ) (occasionally молодѣжь (moloděžĭ))

desc

Belarusian: молодзя́ж (molodzjáž), молодзéж (molodzéž), мо́ладзеш (móladzješ)

Russian: молоде́жь (molodéžʹ), мо́лодёжь (mólodjožʹ)

Ukrainian: мо́лодіж (mólodiž)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: младежь (mladežĭ) (occasionally младѣжь (mladěžĭ))

Bulgarian: младе́ж f (mladéž)

Macedonian: младеж (mladež)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мла̏деж

Latin: mlȁdež

Slovene: mlȃdež (“new moon”)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: młodzéż

Old Czech: mládež

Czech: mládež

desctree

Old Polish: młodzież
Polish: młodzież
Silesian: modziyż

Old Slovak: mládež

Pannonian Rusyn: младеж (mladež)

Slovak: mládež

From *molděti (“to appear young”) + *-ežь.


moldežь

moldežь (nominative singular)
moldeža (dual nominative)
moldeži (nominative plural)
moldeža (genitive singular)
moldežu (dual genitive)
moldežь (genitive plural)
moldežu (dative singular)
moldežema (dative dual)
moldežemъ (dative plural)
moldežь (accusative singular)
moldeža (accusative dual)
moldežę̇ (accusative plural)
moldežьmь (instrumental singular)
moldežemь (instrumental singular)
moldežema (dual instrumental)
moldeži (instrumental plural)
moldeži (locative singular)
moldežu (dual locative)
moldežixъ (locative plural)
moldežu (singular vocative)
moldeža (dual vocative)
moldeži (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: младе́ж m (mladéž)

Macedonian: младеж (mladež)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мла̏деж

Latin script: mlȁdež


pacę

pacę̀ (canonical neuter)
pacę (nominative singular)
pačęti (dual nominative)
pačęta (nominative plural)
pačęte (genitive singular)
pačętu (dual genitive)
pačętъ (genitive plural)
pačęti (dative singular)
pačętьma (dative dual)
pačętьmъ (dative plural)
pacę (accusative singular)
pačęti (accusative dual)
pačęta (accusative plural)
pačętьmь (instrumental singular)
pačętьma (dual instrumental)
pačęty (instrumental plural)
pačęte (locative singular)
pačętu (dual locative)
pačętьxъ (locative plural)
pacę (singular vocative)
pačęti (dual vocative)
pačęta (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *пацѧ (*pacę)

Old Ruthenian: *пацѧ́ (*pacjá)

Belarusian: па́ца (páca) (dialectal)

Carpathian Rusyn: паця́ (pacjá)

desc

Ukrainian: паця́ (pacjá); пацє́ (pacjé), пацья́ (pacʹjá), паце́ (pacé) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Slovene: pâce (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Polish: pace, pàče (dialectal)

From *pac- + *-ę. Root of Onomatopoeic origin, compare Ukrainian паць (pacʹ), паць-паць (pacʹ-pacʹ), which is used to call pigs.

ru:Варбот, Жанна Жановна
ru:Журавлёв, Анатолий Фёдорович


podьlъ

podьlъ (masculine nominative singular)
podьla (feminine nominative singular)
podьlo (neuter nominative singular)
podьla (genitive masculine singular)
podьly (feminine genitive singular)
podьla (genitive neuter singular)
podьlu (dative masculine singular)
podьlě (dative feminine singular)
podьlu (dative neuter singular)
podьlъ (accusative masculine singular)
podьlǫ (accusative feminine singular)
podьlo (accusative neuter singular)
podьlomь (instrumental masculine singular)
podьlojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
podьlomь (instrumental neuter singular)
podьlě (locative masculine singular)
podьlě (feminine locative singular)
podьlě (locative neuter singular)
podьle (masculine singular vocative)
podьlo (feminine singular vocative)
podьlo (neuter singular vocative)
podьla (dual masculine nominative)
podьlě (dual feminine nominative)
podьlě (dual neuter nominative)
podьlu (dual genitive masculine)
podьlu (dual feminine genitive)
podьlu (dual genitive neuter)
podьloma (dative dual masculine)
podьlama (dative dual feminine)
podьloma (dative dual neuter)
podьla (accusative dual masculine)
podьlě (accusative dual feminine)
podьlě (accusative dual neuter)
podьloma (dual instrumental masculine)
podьlama (dual feminine instrumental)
podьloma (dual instrumental neuter)
podьlu (dual locative masculine)
podьlu (dual feminine locative)
podьlu (dual locative neuter)
podьla (dual masculine vocative)
podьlě (dual feminine vocative)
podьlě (dual neuter vocative)
podьli (masculine nominative plural)
podьly (feminine nominative plural)
podьla (neuter nominative plural)
podьlъ (genitive masculine plural)
podьlъ (feminine genitive plural)
podьlъ (genitive neuter plural)
podьlomъ (dative masculine plural)
podьlamъ (dative feminine plural)
podьlomъ (dative neuter plural)
podьly (accusative masculine plural)
podьly (accusative feminine plural)
podьla (accusative neuter plural)
podьly (instrumental masculine plural)
podьlami (feminine instrumental plural)
podьly (instrumental neuter plural)
podьlěxъ (locative masculine plural)
podьlaxъ (feminine locative plural)
podьlěxъ (locative neuter plural)
podьli (masculine plural vocative)
podьly (feminine plural vocative)
podьla (neuter plural vocative)
podьlъjь (masculine nominative singular)
podьlaja (feminine nominative singular)
podьloje (neuter nominative singular)
podьlajego (genitive masculine singular)
podьlyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
podьlajego (genitive neuter singular)
podьlujemu (dative masculine singular)
podьlěji (dative feminine singular)
podьlujemu (dative neuter singular)
podьlъjь (accusative masculine singular)
podьlǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
podьloje (accusative neuter singular)
podьlyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
podьlǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
podьlyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
podьlějemь (locative masculine singular)
podьlěji (feminine locative singular)
podьlějemь (locative neuter singular)
podьlъjь (masculine singular vocative)
podьlaja (feminine singular vocative)
podьloje (neuter singular vocative)
podьlaja (dual masculine nominative)
podьlěji (dual feminine nominative)
podьlěji (dual neuter nominative)
podьluju (dual genitive masculine)
podьluju (dual feminine genitive)
podьluju (dual genitive neuter)
podьlyjima (dative dual masculine)
podьlyjima (dative dual feminine)
podьlyjima (dative dual neuter)
podьlaja (accusative dual masculine)
podьlěji (accusative dual feminine)
podьlěji (accusative dual neuter)
podьlyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
podьlyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
podьlyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
podьluju (dual locative masculine)
podьluju (dual feminine locative)
podьluju (dual locative neuter)
podьlaja (dual masculine vocative)
podьlěji (dual feminine vocative)
podьlěji (dual neuter vocative)
podьliji (masculine nominative plural)
podьlyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
podьlaja (neuter nominative plural)
podьlъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
podьlъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
podьlъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
podьlyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
podьlyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
podьlyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
podьlyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
podьlyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
podьlaja (accusative neuter plural)
podьlyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
podьlyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
podьlyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
podьlyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
podьlyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
podьlyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
podьliji (masculine plural vocative)
podьlyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
podьlaja (neuter plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Macedonian: подол (podol)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: по̏дао

Latin: pȍdao

Slovene: pódəł (tonal orthography) (via Czech or Polish)

West Slavic:

Czech: podlý

Polish: podły

→ Belarusian: по́длы (pódly)

→ Russian: по́длый (pódlyj)

→ Bulgarian: по́дъл (pódǎl)

→ Ukrainian: пі́длий (pídlyj)

Slovak: podlý

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian:

Uncertain. May have had:
* West Slavic origin: From *podъ (“bottom”) + *-lъ, originally implying “low, basely”, later spread to East and South Slavic. Such an origin is synchronically improbable for non-Western branches since there Common *-dl- is rendered as plain *-l-.
* Common Slavic origin: From *podъ (“under”) + *-ьlъ, with the same suffix as Proto-Slavic *světьlъ (“bright”).
* Deadverbial: From Proto-Slavic *podьlě (“along, beside”), equivalent to *po- + *dьlъ (“length”). Compare Czech vedle (“beside, alongside”) → Czech vedlejší (“minor, secondary”) for similar development.

→ dishonest, disrespectful, deceitful (for act/behavior)

→ vile, despicable, wicked (for person)


běglъ

běglъ (masculine nominative singular)
běgla (feminine nominative singular)
běglo (neuter nominative singular)
běgla (genitive masculine singular)
běgly (feminine genitive singular)
běgla (genitive neuter singular)
běglu (dative masculine singular)
běglě (dative feminine singular)
běglu (dative neuter singular)
běglъ (accusative masculine singular)
běglǫ (accusative feminine singular)
běglo (accusative neuter singular)
běglomь (instrumental masculine singular)
běglojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
běglomь (instrumental neuter singular)
běglě (locative masculine singular)
běglě (feminine locative singular)
běglě (locative neuter singular)
běgle (masculine singular vocative)
běglo (feminine singular vocative)
běglo (neuter singular vocative)
běgla (dual masculine nominative)
běglě (dual feminine nominative)
běglě (dual neuter nominative)
běglu (dual genitive masculine)
běglu (dual feminine genitive)
běglu (dual genitive neuter)
běgloma (dative dual masculine)
běglama (dative dual feminine)
běgloma (dative dual neuter)
běgla (accusative dual masculine)
běglě (accusative dual feminine)
běglě (accusative dual neuter)
běgloma (dual instrumental masculine)
běglama (dual feminine instrumental)
běgloma (dual instrumental neuter)
běglu (dual locative masculine)
běglu (dual feminine locative)
běglu (dual locative neuter)
běgla (dual masculine vocative)
běglě (dual feminine vocative)
běglě (dual neuter vocative)
běgli (masculine nominative plural)
běgly (feminine nominative plural)
běgla (neuter nominative plural)
běglъ (genitive masculine plural)
běglъ (feminine genitive plural)
běglъ (genitive neuter plural)
běglomъ (dative masculine plural)
běglamъ (dative feminine plural)
běglomъ (dative neuter plural)
běgly (accusative masculine plural)
běgly (accusative feminine plural)
běgla (accusative neuter plural)
běgly (instrumental masculine plural)
běglami (feminine instrumental plural)
běgly (instrumental neuter plural)
běglěxъ (locative masculine plural)
běglaxъ (feminine locative plural)
běglěxъ (locative neuter plural)
běgli (masculine plural vocative)
běgly (feminine plural vocative)
běgla (neuter plural vocative)
běglъjь (masculine nominative singular)
běglaja (feminine nominative singular)
běgloje (neuter nominative singular)
běglajego (genitive masculine singular)
běglyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
běglajego (genitive neuter singular)
běglujemu (dative masculine singular)
běglěji (dative feminine singular)
běglujemu (dative neuter singular)
běglъjь (accusative masculine singular)
běglǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
běgloje (accusative neuter singular)
běglyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
běglǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
běglyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
běglějemь (locative masculine singular)
běglěji (feminine locative singular)
běglějemь (locative neuter singular)
běglъjь (masculine singular vocative)
běglaja (feminine singular vocative)
běgloje (neuter singular vocative)
běglaja (dual masculine nominative)
běglěji (dual feminine nominative)
běglěji (dual neuter nominative)
běgluju (dual genitive masculine)
běgluju (dual feminine genitive)
běgluju (dual genitive neuter)
běglyjima (dative dual masculine)
běglyjima (dative dual feminine)
běglyjima (dative dual neuter)
běglaja (accusative dual masculine)
běglěji (accusative dual feminine)
běglěji (accusative dual neuter)
běglyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
běglyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
běglyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
běgluju (dual locative masculine)
běgluju (dual feminine locative)
běgluju (dual locative neuter)
běglaja (dual masculine vocative)
běglěji (dual feminine vocative)
běglěji (dual neuter vocative)
běgliji (masculine nominative plural)
běglyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
běglaja (neuter nominative plural)
běglъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
běglъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
běglъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
běglyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
běglyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
běglyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
běglyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
běglyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
běglaja (accusative neuter plural)
běglyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
běglyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
běglyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
běglyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
běglyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
běglyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
běgliji (masculine plural vocative)
běglyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
běglaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: бѣглъ (běglŭ)}

Belarusian: бе́глы (bjéhly)

Russian: бе́глый (béglyj)

Ukrainian: бі́глий (bíhlyj)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бе́гъл (bégǎl)

Macedonian: бегол (begol)

West Slavic:

Polish: biegły

Originally a past l-participle of *běgti (“to flee, to run”) + *-lъ.

cursory, hurried (done quickly and superficially)


žeravľь

*žeravь (alternative)
žeravľь (nominative singular)
žeravľa (dual nominative)
žeravľi (nominative plural)
žeravľa (genitive singular)
žeravľu (dual genitive)
žeravľь (genitive plural)
žeravľu (dative singular)
žeravľema (dative dual)
žeravľemъ (dative plural)
žeravľь (accusative singular)
žeravľa (accusative dual)
žeravľę̇ (accusative plural)
žeravľьmь (instrumental singular)
žeravľemь (instrumental singular)
žeravľema (dual instrumental)
žeravľi (instrumental plural)
žeravľi (locative singular)
žeravľu (dual locative)
žeravľixъ (locative plural)
žeravľu (singular vocative)
žeravľa (dual vocative)
žeravľi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: журавь (žuravĭ), жеравль (žeravlĭ)

Belarusian: жураве́ль (žuravjélʹ), жораў (žóraŭ)

Russian: жура́вль (žurávlʹ)

Ukrainian: жураве́ль (žuravélʹ)

Old Novgorodian: жеравь (žeravĭ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: же́рав (žérav)

q

⇒ Bulgarian: жа́раб (žárab) (dialectal, reanalyzed as жерав + ястреб)

Macedonian: жерав (žerav)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жѐра̄в, ждра̑л

Latin script: žèrāv, ždrȃl, ždrȃlj

Slovene: žerjȁv (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: jeřáb

Polish: żuraw

Slovak: žeriav

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: žorawa f

Upper Sorbian: žeraw

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ger-, from Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂ōws. Cognate with Lithuanian gérvė, Latvian dzērve, Old Prussian gerwe.


žeravъ

žera̋vъ (canonical)
žeravъ (masculine nominative singular)
žerava (feminine nominative singular)
žeravo (neuter nominative singular)
žerava (genitive masculine singular)
žeravy (feminine genitive singular)
žerava (genitive neuter singular)
žeravu (dative masculine singular)
žeravě (dative feminine singular)
žeravu (dative neuter singular)
žeravъ (accusative masculine singular)
žeravǫ (accusative feminine singular)
žeravo (accusative neuter singular)
žeravomь (instrumental masculine singular)
žeravojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
žeravomь (instrumental neuter singular)
žeravě (locative masculine singular)
žeravě (feminine locative singular)
žeravě (locative neuter singular)
žerave (masculine singular vocative)
žeravo (feminine singular vocative)
žeravo (neuter singular vocative)
žerava (dual masculine nominative)
žeravě (dual feminine nominative)
žeravě (dual neuter nominative)
žeravu (dual genitive masculine)
žeravu (dual feminine genitive)
žeravu (dual genitive neuter)
žeravoma (dative dual masculine)
žeravama (dative dual feminine)
žeravoma (dative dual neuter)
žerava (accusative dual masculine)
žeravě (accusative dual feminine)
žeravě (accusative dual neuter)
žeravoma (dual instrumental masculine)
žeravama (dual feminine instrumental)
žeravoma (dual instrumental neuter)
žeravu (dual locative masculine)
žeravu (dual feminine locative)
žeravu (dual locative neuter)
žerava (dual masculine vocative)
žeravě (dual feminine vocative)
žeravě (dual neuter vocative)
žeravi (masculine nominative plural)
žeravy (feminine nominative plural)
žerava (neuter nominative plural)
žeravъ (genitive masculine plural)
žeravъ (feminine genitive plural)
žeravъ (genitive neuter plural)
žeravomъ (dative masculine plural)
žeravamъ (dative feminine plural)
žeravomъ (dative neuter plural)
žeravy (accusative masculine plural)
žeravy (accusative feminine plural)
žerava (accusative neuter plural)
žeravy (instrumental masculine plural)
žeravami (feminine instrumental plural)
žeravy (instrumental neuter plural)
žeravěxъ (locative masculine plural)
žeravaxъ (feminine locative plural)
žeravěxъ (locative neuter plural)
žeravi (masculine plural vocative)
žeravy (feminine plural vocative)
žerava (neuter plural vocative)
žeravъjь (masculine nominative singular)
žeravaja (feminine nominative singular)
žeravoje (neuter nominative singular)
žeravajego (genitive masculine singular)
žeravyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
žeravajego (genitive neuter singular)
žeravujemu (dative masculine singular)
žeravěji (dative feminine singular)
žeravujemu (dative neuter singular)
žeravъjь (accusative masculine singular)
žeravǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
žeravoje (accusative neuter singular)
žeravyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
žeravǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
žeravyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
žeravějemь (locative masculine singular)
žeravěji (feminine locative singular)
žeravějemь (locative neuter singular)
žeravъjь (masculine singular vocative)
žeravaja (feminine singular vocative)
žeravoje (neuter singular vocative)
žeravaja (dual masculine nominative)
žeravěji (dual feminine nominative)
žeravěji (dual neuter nominative)
žeravuju (dual genitive masculine)
žeravuju (dual feminine genitive)
žeravuju (dual genitive neuter)
žeravyjima (dative dual masculine)
žeravyjima (dative dual feminine)
žeravyjima (dative dual neuter)
žeravaja (accusative dual masculine)
žeravěji (accusative dual feminine)
žeravěji (accusative dual neuter)
žeravyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
žeravyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
žeravyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
žeravuju (dual locative masculine)
žeravuju (dual feminine locative)
žeravuju (dual locative neuter)
žeravaja (dual masculine vocative)
žeravěji (dual feminine vocative)
žeravěji (dual neuter vocative)
žeraviji (masculine nominative plural)
žeravyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
žeravaja (neuter nominative plural)
žeravъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
žeravъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
žeravъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
žeravyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
žeravyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
žeravyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
žeravyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
žeravyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
žeravaja (accusative neuter plural)
žeravyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
žeravyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
žeravyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
žeravyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
žeravyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
žeravyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
žeraviji (masculine plural vocative)
žeravyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
žeravaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: жеравъ (žeravŭ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: жеравъ (žeravŭ)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: žeravý, žeřavý

Czech: řeřavý

Slovak: žeravý

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- (“to warm, to burn”) + *-avъ.


žeravъ

žȅravъ (nominative singular)
žȅrava (dual nominative)
žȅravi (nominative plural)
žȅrava (genitive singular)
žeravù (dual genitive)
žerãvъ (genitive plural)
žȅravu (dative singular)
žeravomà (dative dual)
žeravòmъ (dative plural)
žȅravъ (accusative singular)
žȅrava (accusative dual)
žȅravy (accusative plural)
žȅravъmь (instrumental singular)
žȅravomь (instrumental singular)
žeravomà (dual instrumental)
žeravý (instrumental plural)
žȅravě (locative singular)
žeravù (dual locative)
žeravě̃xъ (locative plural)
žerave (singular vocative)
žȅrava (dual vocative)
žȅravi (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: жерав (žerav)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жерав

Latin script: žèrāv

West Slavic:

Czech: žerav

Polish: żuraw

Slovak: žeriav

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: žorawa

Upper Sorbian: žeraw

From an earlier *ger(a)vъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gerˀ(ō)was, from *gerh₂- (“crane”). Cognate with Latvian dzērve and Lithuanian gérvė.


žerava

žera̋va (canonical feminine)
žerava (nominative singular)
žeravě (dual nominative)
žeravy (nominative plural)
žeravy (genitive singular)
žeravu (dual genitive)
žeravъ (genitive plural)
žeravě (dative singular)
žeravama (dative dual)
žeravamъ (dative plural)
žeravǫ (accusative singular)
žeravě (accusative dual)
žeravy (accusative plural)
žeravojǫ (instrumental singular)
žeravǫ (instrumental singular)
žeravama (dual instrumental)
žeravami (instrumental plural)
žeravě (locative singular)
žeravu (dual locative)
žeravasъ (locative plural)
žeravaxъ (locative plural)
žeravo (singular vocative)
žeravě (dual vocative)
žeravy (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: жера́ва (žeráva), жара́ва (žaráva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жѐрава, же̏равица

Latin script: žèrava, žerȁva, žȅravica

Slovene: žerjȃvica, žerjȃvka (“heartburn”)

Substantivized form of the adjective *žeravъ (“scorching, burning”) + *-a. Some descendants have epenthetic -j-, probably by analogy with Proto-Slavic *žařavъ, *žařavica (“scorching heat, hearth”), from Proto-Slavic *žařati (“to burn down”).


jьnogъda

East Slavic:

Old Ruthenian: иногды (inohdy), иногда (inohda)

Belarusian: іно́гды (inóhdy)

Ukrainian: і́ноді (ínodi), и́ногді (ýnohdi), и́ноді (ýnodi)

Russian: иногда́ (inogdá), и́ногды́ (ínogdý), инолды́ (inoldý)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: иногда (inogda)

Serbo-Croatian: inda, inada, inagda, inogda

West Slavic:

desctree

Old Polish: inegdy, inedy
Polish: inegdy, inedy (obsolete)


kъrčьmařь

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кърчьмарь (kŭrčĭmarĭ)

Old Ruthenian: корчмаръ (korčmar)

Belarusian: карчма́р (karčmár)

Ukrainian: корчма́р (korčmár)

Russian: корчма́рь (korčmárʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: кръчмар (krǎčmar)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кр̏чма̄р

Latin script: kȑčmār

Slovene: krčmár (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: krčmář

Czech: krčmář (archaic)

Old Slovak: krčmár

Slovak: krčmár

Polish: karczmarz

Slovincian: karczmorz

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: korčmar

Lower Sorbian: kjarcmaŕ

Non-Slavic:

→ German: Kretschmer (regional)


lyža

lyža (nominative singular)
lyži (dual nominative)
lyžę̇ (nominative plural)
lyžę̇ (genitive singular)
lyžu (dual genitive)
lyžь (genitive plural)
lyži (dative singular)
lyžama (dative dual)
lyžamъ (dative plural)
lyžǫ (accusative singular)
lyži (accusative dual)
lyžę̇ (accusative plural)
lyžejǫ (instrumental singular)
lyžǫ (instrumental singular)
lyžama (dual instrumental)
lyžami (instrumental plural)
lyži (locative singular)
lyžu (dual locative)
lyžasъ (locative plural)
lyžaxъ (locative plural)
lyže (singular vocative)
lyži (dual vocative)
lyžę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: лꙑжа (lyža)

Old Ruthenian: *лыжа (*lyža)

Belarusian: лы́жа (lýža)

Ukrainian: ли́жа (lýža)

Russian: лы́жа (lýža)

→ Polish: łyża

→ Czech: lyže

→ Slovak: lyža

From *lyzgati + *-ja. Compare Latvian lužas (“hunting ski”).
North-Slavic range of the word evidenced by derived term.