slonъ

slȍnъ (canonical masculine)
slȍnъ (nominative singular)
slȍna (dual nominative)
slȍni (nominative plural)
slȍna (genitive singular)
slonù (dual genitive)
slònъ (genitive plural)
slȍnu (dative singular)
slonomà (dative dual)
slonòmъ (dative plural)
slȍnъ (accusative singular)
slȍna (accusative dual)
slȍny (accusative plural)
slȍnъmь (instrumental singular)
slȍnomь (instrumental singular)
slonomà (dual instrumental)
sloný (instrumental plural)
slȍně (locative singular)
slonù (dual locative)
sloně̃xъ (locative plural)
slone (singular vocative)
slȍna (dual vocative)
slȍni (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: слонъ (slonŭ) (13th cent.)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: слонъ (slon)
Belarusian: слон (slon)
Carpathian Rusyn: слон (slon)
Ukrainian: слон (slon); слін (slin) (archaic)

Russian: слон (slon) (see there for further descendants)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: слонь (slonĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⰾⱁⱀⱐ (slonĭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сло̏н

Latin script: slȍn

Slovene: slȍn

West Slavic:

Old Czech: slon

Czech: slon

Polish: słoń

→ Old Ruthenian: слонь (slonʹ)

Ukrainian: слонь (slonʹ) (archaic)

Old Slovak: slon (1629)

Pannonian Rusyn: слон (slon)

Slovak: slon

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: słóń, słón

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: słon
→? Lower Sorbian: słon

Most likely related to Turkish aslan (“lion”); Witczak (2013) cites many parallel cases of semantic spread between different exotic animals in Indo-European. Compare Abkhaz а́слан (áslan, “elephant”). If not, perhaps a deverbative from *sloniti (“to lean against”), relating to the medieval story of an elephant sleeping leaning on a tree.
Vovin (2011) proposes that Slavic slonъ reflects Old Chinese 象 (“elephant”), whose pronunciation he reconstructs as *slaŋ, an etymology previously suggested by Ivanov (1977: 156–57) with a then-current Old Chinese reconstruction *sðaŋ. As Vovin notes, contact between Slavic and Old Chinese is out of the question, so the solution might arise from an intermediary source. Ivanov (1977:154) believes that the Chuvash forms слон (slon), сӑлан (sălan, “elephant”) are Russian loans, with the latter being called into question by Vovin on phonetic grounds. According to him, Russian /o/ (phonetically a diphthong [uo] with a mid-high syllabic element [o]) is unlikely to be borrowed as Chuvash low vowel /a/. The reverse, namely the borrowing of Bulgar slightly labialised /a/ as Slavic /o/ is more than likely. Chuvash сӑлан (sălan, “elephant”) is exactly the expected outcome of the Old Chinese *slaŋ with the insertion of ⟨ă⟩ break-ing the OC initial cluster /sl-/ and typical Bulghar shift of PT *ŋ to /n/. The presence of this word in Chuvash places proto-Bulghar speakers in the vicinity of Northern China no later than the first century BCE, because approximately after that date the initial clusters in Old Chinese underwent the process of simplification.


slonъ

slonъ (nominative singular)
slona (dual nominative)
sloni (nominative plural)
slona (genitive singular)
slonu (dual genitive)
slonъ (genitive plural)
slonu (dative singular)
slonoma (dative dual)
slonomъ (dative plural)
slonъ (accusative singular)
slona (accusative dual)
slony (accusative plural)
slonъmь (instrumental singular)
slonomь (instrumental singular)
slonoma (dual instrumental)
slony (instrumental plural)
sloně (locative singular)
slonu (dual locative)
sloněxъ (locative plural)
slone (singular vocative)
slona (dual vocative)
sloni (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: слон (slon) (archaic)

West Slavic:

Sorbian: (+ *-ъka)

⇒ Lower Sorbian: słоńka

⇒ Upper Sorbian: słónka

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to lean”) or *(s)ḱel- (“to bend”) + n-infix. Morphological formation similar to *klonъ (“slope”).


rǫka

rǫkà (canonical feminine)
rǫkà (nominative singular)
rǫ̑cě (dual nominative)
rǫ̑ky (nominative plural)
rǫký (genitive singular)
rǫkù (dual genitive)
rǫ̃kъ (genitive plural)
rǫcě̀ (dative singular)
rǫkàma (dative dual)
rǫkàmъ (dative plural)
rǫ̑kǫ (accusative singular)
rǫ̑cě (accusative dual)
rǫ̑ky (accusative plural)
rǫkojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
rǫkàma (dual instrumental)
rǫkàmi (instrumental plural)
rǫ̑cě (locative singular)
rǫkù (dual locative)
rǫkàsъ (locative plural)
rǫkàxъ (locative plural)
rǫko (singular vocative)
rǫ̑cě (dual vocative)
rǫ̑ky (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: рѫка (rǫka), рука (ruka)

Old Ruthenian: рука́ (ruká)

Belarusian: рука́ (ruká)

Carpathian Rusyn: рука́ (ruká)

Ukrainian: рука́ (ruká)

Russian: рука́ (ruká)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: рѫка (rǫka)

Glagolitic script: ⱃⱘⰽⰰ (rǫka)

Bulgarian: ръка́ (rǎká), (dialectal) ръ́нка (rǎ́nka)

Macedonian: рака (raka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ру́ка

Latin script: rúka

Slovene: róka (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: ruka
Czech: ruka

desctree

Old Polish: ręka
Polish: ręka
Silesian: rynka

Old Slovak: ruka

Pannonian Rusyn: рука (ruka)

Slovak: ruka

Polabian: rǫkă

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: rãka

Slovincian: rãka

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: ruka

Lower Sorbian: ruka

zarǫčiti*porǫčenьje

to hand to, to leave to somebody, to order to someone


duplo

duplò (canonical neuter)
dūplò (nominative singular)
dũplě (dual nominative)
dūplà (nominative plural)
dūplà (genitive singular)
dūplù (dual genitive)
dũplъ (genitive plural)
dūplù (dative singular)
dūplòma (dative dual)
dūplòmъ (dative plural)
dūplò (accusative singular)
dũplě (accusative dual)
dūplà (accusative plural)
dūplъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
dūplòmь (instrumental singular)
dūplòma (dual instrumental)
dũply (instrumental plural)
dūplě̀ (locative singular)
dūplù (dual locative)
dũplěxъ (locative plural)
dūplò (singular vocative)
dũplě (dual vocative)
dūplà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дупло (duplo)

Old Ruthenian: дупло́ (dupló)

Ukrainian: дупло́ (dupló)

Russian: дупло́ (dupló)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ду́пло (dúplo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ду́пло

Latin script: dúplo

Slovene: dúplo

West Slavic:

Polish: dziupło, (dialectal) dupło


veriga

veriga (nominative singular)
veridzě (dual nominative)
verigy (nominative plural)
verigy (genitive singular)
verigu (dual genitive)
verigъ (genitive plural)
veridzě (dative singular)
verigama (dative dual)
verigamъ (dative plural)
verigǫ (accusative singular)
veridzě (accusative dual)
verigy (accusative plural)
verigojǫ (instrumental singular)
verigǫ (instrumental singular)
verigama (dual instrumental)
verigami (instrumental plural)
veridzě (locative singular)
verigu (dual locative)
verigasъ (locative plural)
verigaxъ (locative plural)
verigo (singular vocative)
veridzě (dual vocative)
verigy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: верига (veriga)

Russian: вери́га (veríga)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: верига (veriga)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⰵⱃⰻⰳⰰ (veriga)

Bulgarian: вери́га (veríga)

Macedonian: ве́рига (vériga)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: вѐрига

Latin script: vèriga

Slovene: veríga (tonal orthography)

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: verigë

→ Romanian: verigă

By surface analysis, *verti (“to thread”) + *-iga.


rogъ

rȍgъ (canonical masculine)
rȍgъ (nominative singular)
rȍga (dual nominative)
rȍdzi (nominative plural)
rȍga (genitive singular)
rogù (dual genitive)
rògъ (genitive plural)
rȍgu (dative singular)
rogomà (dative dual)
rogòmъ (dative plural)
rȍgъ (accusative singular)
rȍga (accusative dual)
rȍgy (accusative plural)
rȍgъmь (instrumental singular)
rȍgomь (instrumental singular)
rogomà (dual instrumental)
rogý (instrumental plural)
rȍdzě (locative singular)
rogù (dual locative)
rodzě̃xъ (locative plural)
rože (singular vocative)
rȍga (dual vocative)
rȍdzi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: рогъ (rogŭ)

Middle Belarusian: рогъ (roh)

Belarusian: рог (roh)

Russian: рог (rog)

Ukrainian: ріг (rih)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: рогъ (rogŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱃⱁⰳⱏ (rogŭ)

Bulgarian: рог (rog)

Macedonian: рог (rog)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ро̑г

Latin script: rȏg

Slovene: rọ̑g (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: roh

Czech: roh

Kashubian: róg

Polabian: rüg

Polish: róg

Silesian: rōg

Slovak: roh

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: rog

Upper Sorbian: róh

→ Yiddish: ראָג (rog), ראָגל (rogl)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rágas, with the mobile accent due to Illič-Svityč's law.


sьrdьce

sь̑rdьce (canonical neuter)
sьrdьcè (nominative singular)
sьrdь̀ci (dual nominative)
sьrdь̀ca (nominative plural)
sьrdьcà (genitive singular)
sьrdьcu (dual genitive)
sьrdь̀cь (genitive plural)
sьrdьcù (dative singular)
sьrdьcema (dative dual)
sьrdь̀cemъ (dative plural)
sьrdьcè (accusative singular)
sьrdь̀ci (accusative dual)
sьrdь̀ca (accusative plural)
sьrdьcь̀mь (instrumental singular)
sьrdьcèmь (instrumental singular)
sьrdьcema (dual instrumental)
sьrdь̀ci (instrumental plural)
sьrdьcì (locative singular)
sьrdьcu (dual locative)
sьrdь̀cixъ (locative plural)
sьrdьcè (singular vocative)
sьrdь̀ci (dual vocative)
sьrdь̀ca (plural vocative)
sь̑rdьce (nominative singular)
sь̑rdьci (dual nominative)
sьrdьcà (nominative plural)
sь̑rdьca (genitive singular)
sьrdьcù (dual genitive)
sьrdь̀cь (genitive plural)
sь̑rdьcu (dative singular)
sьrdьcemà (dative dual)
sьrdьcémъ (dative plural)
sь̑rdьce (accusative singular)
sь̑rdьci (accusative dual)
sьrdьcà (accusative plural)
sь̑rdьcьmь (instrumental singular)
sь̑rdьcemь (instrumental singular)
sьrdьcemà (dual instrumental)
sьrdьcí (instrumental plural)
sь̑rdьci (locative singular)
sьrdьcù (dual locative)
sьrdьcíxъ (locative plural)
sь̑rdьce (singular vocative)
sь̑rdьci (dual vocative)
sьrdьcà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: сь́рдьце́ (sĭ́rdĭcé)
Old Ruthenian: се́рдце (sérdce)
Belarusian: сэ́рца (sérca); се́рца (sjérca) (dialectal)
Carpathian Rusyn: се́рдце (sérdce)
Ukrainian: се́рце (sérce)
Russian: се́рдце (sérdce); се́реце (sérece) (dialectal)

Old Novgorodian: сердьце (serdĭće)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: срьдьце (srĭdĭce)

Glagolitic: ⱄⱃⱐⰴⱐⱌⰵ (srĭdĭce)

Bulgarian: сърце (sǎrce) (pre 1945 orthography сърдцe)

Macedonian: срце (srce)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ср̏це

Latin script: sȑce

Slovene: srcẹ̑ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: srdce
Czech: srdce

Old Polish: serce, sierce, sirce, sirdce
Polish: serce
Silesian: serce

desc

Old Slovak: serdce, serdco, sirdce, sirdco, srdce, srdco

Pannonian Rusyn: шерцо (šerco)

Slovak: srdce

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: serce

Slovincian: serdcê, serdcô

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: serce

From earlier *sьrdь + *-ьce, an extension of Proto-Balto-Slavic *śḗr, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr.

to make angry; sullen, irate; brat, one who sulks

sьrditi*nasьrditi*nasьrdьje*nasьrdъka*nasьrdъkъ*osьrditi*sьrditъ ()*sьrdъla m*sьrdъľo n ()


žica

žìca (canonical feminine)
žìca (nominative singular)
žìci (dual nominative)
žìcę̇ (nominative plural)
žìcę̇ (genitive singular)
žìcu (dual genitive)
žìcь (genitive plural)
žìcī (dative singular)
žìcama (dative dual)
žìcāmъ (dative plural)
žìcǫ (accusative singular)
žìci (accusative dual)
žìcę̇ (accusative plural)
žìcējǫ (instrumental singular)
žìcǭ (instrumental singular)
žìcama (dual instrumental)
žìcāmī (instrumental plural)
žìcī (locative singular)
žìcu (dual locative)
žìcāsъ (locative plural)
žìce (singular vocative)
žìci (dual vocative)
žìcę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: жи́ца (žíca)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: жи́ца (žíca)

Macedonian: жица (žica)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жи̏ца

Latin script: žȉca

Slovene: žíca (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

⇒ Czech: žičica

Mostly likely from Proto-Indo-European *gʷiH- + *-ka (unless contracted from an earlier *žitьca). Akin to Lithuanian gijà (“thread (in warp)”), Latvian dzija (“thread”) within Balto-Slavic and further related to Sanskrit जिया (jiyā), ज्या (jyā, “bowstring”), Avestan 𐬘𐬌𐬌𐬁 (jiiā), Old Persian [script needed] (ǰiyā), Welsh gïau (“nerves, sinew”), Ancient Greek βιός (biós, “bowstring”).


sěmę

sě̀mę (canonical neuter)
sě̀mę (nominative singular)
sě̀meni (dual nominative)
sě̀menā (nominative plural)
sě̀mene (genitive singular)
sě̀menu (dual genitive)
sě̀menъ (genitive plural)
sě̀meni (dative singular)
sě̀menьma (dative dual)
sě̀menьmъ (dative plural)
sě̀mę (accusative singular)
sě̀meni (accusative dual)
sě̀menā (accusative plural)
sě̀menьmь (instrumental singular)
sě̀menьma (dual instrumental)
sě̀menȳ (instrumental plural)
sě̀mene (locative singular)
sě̀menu (dual locative)
sě̀menьxъ (locative plural)
sě̀mę (singular vocative)
sě̀meni (dual vocative)
sě̀menā (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сѣмѧ (sěmę)

Old Ruthenian: сѣмѧ (sěmja), сѣмє (sěmje)

Belarusian: се́мя (sjémja)

Ukrainian: сі́м'я (símʺja)

Russian: се́мя (sémja)

Old Novgorodian: сѣмѧ (sěmę)

Old Pskovian: сѣмѧ (śæmę)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱑⰿⱔ (sěmę)

Old Cyrillic script: сѣмѧ (sěmę)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: се̏ме

Latin script: sȅme

Slovene: sẹ́me (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: semiã

Old Czech: siemě

Czech: semeno

Polabian: semą

Polish: siemię

Slovak: semeno

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: semje

Upper Sorbian: symjo

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sḗˀmen, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₁mn̥. Cognates include Lithuanian sė́muo and Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐍃𐌴𐌸𐍃 (manasēþs, “human flock, literally: human seed”).


soja

sòja (canonical feminine)
soja (nominative singular)
soji (dual nominative)
soję̇ (nominative plural)
soję̇ (genitive singular)
soju (dual genitive)
sojь (genitive plural)
soji (dative singular)
sojama (dative dual)
sojamъ (dative plural)
sojǫ (accusative singular)
soji (accusative dual)
soję̇ (accusative plural)
sojejǫ (instrumental singular)
sojǫ (instrumental singular)
sojama (dual instrumental)
sojami (instrumental plural)
soji (locative singular)
soju (dual locative)
sojasъ (locative plural)
sojaxъ (locative plural)
soje (singular vocative)
soji (dual vocative)
soję̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: соя (soja)

Belarusian: со́я (sója)

Russian: со́я (sója)

Ukrainian: со́я (sója)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: со́а (sóa) (dialectal, from an earlier *соя)

Slovene: šọ́ja

West Slavic:

Czech: soja (dialectal)

Polish: soja (dialectal)

Slovak: soja (dialectal)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: soja

Lower Sorbian: soja

From *sojь (“shaded; blue”) + *-а, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *śájas, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱéh₃-yo-s, from *(s)ḱeh₃- (“shadow”) + *-yós, cognate with Proto-Celtic *skātos (“shadow”), Proto-Germanic *hēwijaz (“dark blue”). Alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₁y- (“to shine, shimmer”).


mazivo

mazivo (nominative singular)
mazivě (dual nominative)
maziva (nominative plural)
maziva (genitive singular)
mazivu (dual genitive)
mazivъ (genitive plural)
mazivu (dative singular)
mazivoma (dative dual)
mazivomъ (dative plural)
mazivo (accusative singular)
mazivě (accusative dual)
maziva (accusative plural)
mazivъmь (instrumental singular)
mazivomь (instrumental singular)
mazivoma (dual instrumental)
mazivy (instrumental plural)
mazivě (locative singular)
mazivu (dual locative)
mazivěxъ (locative plural)
mazivo (singular vocative)
mazivě (dual vocative)
maziva (plural vocative)
*maziva (alternative)

East Slavic:

desc

Russian: ма́зиво (mázivo), ма́зево n (mázevo), ма́зива f (máziva)

South Slavic:

Macedonian: мазиво (mazivo)

Serbo-Croatian: ма̏зиво

West Slavic:

Czech: mazivo

Slovak: mazivo


orьlъ

orь̀lъ (canonical masculine)
orь̀lъ (nominative singular)
orьlà (dual nominative)
orьlì (nominative plural)
orьlà (genitive singular)
orьlù (dual genitive)
orь̀lъ (genitive plural)
orьlù (dative singular)
orьlòma (dative dual)
orьlòmъ (dative plural)
orь̀lъ (accusative singular)
orьlà (accusative dual)
orьlỳ (accusative plural)
orьlъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
orьlòmь (instrumental singular)
orьlòma (dual instrumental)
orь̀ly (instrumental plural)
orьlě̀ (locative singular)
orьlù (dual locative)
orь̀lěxъ (locative plural)
orьle (singular vocative)
orьlà (dual vocative)
orьlì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: аро́л (aról)

Russian: орёл (orjól)

Ukrainian: оре́л (orél)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: орьлъ (orĭlŭ)

Glagolitic: ⱁⱃⱐⰾⱏ (orĭlŭ)

Bulgarian: оре́л (orél)

Macedonian: орел (orel)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: о̀рао

Latin: òrao

Slovene: órəł (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: orel

Czech: orel

Old Polish: orzeł, horzeł

Polish: orzeł, oreł, orzoł

Silesian: oreł

Old Slovak: orol, orel

Pannonian Rusyn: орел (orel)

Slovak: orol

Polabian: viŕål

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: òrzéł

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: jerjeł

Upper Sorbian: worjoł

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *erélis, *arélis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃érō.
Cognate with Lithuanian erẽlis (“eagle”), arẽlis (dialectal), Latvian ērglis (“eagle”) and Old Prussian arelie (“eagle”).
The Proto-Slavic form comes from a Proto-Balto-Slavic *arélis (cf. Lithuanian arẽlis (“eagle”) (dialectal), Old Prussian arelie (“eagle”)) from the earlier and original *erélis.


sinica

sinìca (canonical feminine)
sinìca (nominative singular)
sinìci (dual nominative)
sinìcę̇ (nominative plural)
sinìcę̇ (genitive singular)
sinìcu (dual genitive)
sinìcь (genitive plural)
sinìcī (dative singular)
sinìcama (dative dual)
sinìcāmъ (dative plural)
sinìcǫ (accusative singular)
sinìci (accusative dual)
sinìcę̇ (accusative plural)
sinìcējǫ (instrumental singular)
sinìcǭ (instrumental singular)
sinìcama (dual instrumental)
sinìcāmī (instrumental plural)
sinìcī (locative singular)
sinìcu (dual locative)
sinìcāsъ (locative plural)
sinìce (singular vocative)
sinìci (dual vocative)
sinìcę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: синица (sinica)

Belarusian: сініца (sinica)

Russian: сини́ца (siníca)

Ukrainian: сини́ця (synýcja)

Old Novgorodian: синица (sinića)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: синигер (siniger) (related)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сјѐница

Latin script: sjènica

Slovene: siníca (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: sinice

Polish: sinica

(West Slavic) blue-green algae, cyanobacteria


sykora

West Slavic:

Czech: sýkora

Polish: sikora

Slovak: sýkora

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: sykora

Upper Sorbian: sykora

From earlier *sykati, of imitative origin, mimicking the sound of the bird, which is transcribed as sik sik, cit cit, zig zig, etc.

onomatopoeic

imitative


zabava

zabava (nominative singular)
zabavě (dual nominative)
zabavy (nominative plural)
zabavy (genitive singular)
zabavu (dual genitive)
zabavъ (genitive plural)
zabavě (dative singular)
zabavama (dative dual)
zabavamъ (dative plural)
zabavǫ (accusative singular)
zabavě (accusative dual)
zabavy (accusative plural)
zabavojǫ (instrumental singular)
zabavǫ (instrumental singular)
zabavama (dual instrumental)
zabavami (instrumental plural)
zabavě (locative singular)
zabavu (dual locative)
zabavasъ (locative plural)
zabavaxъ (locative plural)
zabavo (singular vocative)
zabavě (dual vocative)
zabavy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: заба́ва (zabáva)

Old Ruthenian: заба́ва (zabáva)

Belarusian: заба́ва (zabáva)

Russian: заба́ва (zabáva)

Ukrainian: заба́ва (zabáva)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: заба́ва (zabáva)

Macedonian: забава (zabava)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: за̑бава

Latin script: zȃbava

Slovene: zabava

West Slavic:

Old Czech: zábava

Czech: zábava

desctree

Old Polish: zabawa
Polish: zabawa
Silesian: zabawa

Slovak: zábava

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: zabawa

Slovincian: zobawa

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: zabawa

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: zăbavă, zăbovi

Deverbal from *zabaviti, from *za- + *baviti.

amusement, diversion, distraction, pastime, merry-making, fun


koryto

korỳto (canonical neuter)
korỳto (nominative singular)
korỳtě (dual nominative)
korỳta (nominative plural)
korỳta (genitive singular)
korỳtu (dual genitive)
korỳtъ (genitive plural)
korỳtu (dative singular)
korỳtoma (dative dual)
korỳtomъ (dative plural)
korỳto (accusative singular)
korỳtě (accusative dual)
korỳta (accusative plural)
korỳtъmь (instrumental singular)
korỳtomь (instrumental singular)
korỳtoma (dual instrumental)
korỳtȳ (instrumental plural)
korỳtě (locative singular)
korỳtu (dual locative)
korỳtě̄xъ (locative plural)
korỳto (singular vocative)
korỳtě (dual vocative)
korỳta (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: кары́та (karýta)

Russian: коры́то (korýto)

Ukrainian: кори́то (korýto)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Church Slavonic: корꙑто (koryto)

Bulgarian: кори́то (koríto)

Macedonian: корито (korito)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ко̀рито

Latin script: kòrito

Slovene: koríto (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: koryto

Czech: koryto

Moravian (Mistřice): korito

Polish: koryto

Polabian: ťöråitĕ

Slovak: koryto

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: korto

Lower Sorbian: kóryto

Other:

→ Romanian: corită

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kor-, from *(s)ker- (“to cut”) + *-yto, compare Lithuanian prãkartas (“manger, trough”), Old Prussian pracartis (“trough”), from the root *(s)kort- an extension of *(s)kor-, and *kopyto with the same suffix.


mьčь

mь̀čь (canonical masculine)
mь̀čь (nominative singular)
mьčà (dual nominative)
mьčì (nominative plural)
mьčà (genitive singular)
mьčù (dual genitive)
mь̀čь (genitive plural)
mьčù (dative singular)
mьčèma (dative dual)
mь̀čemъ (dative plural)
mь̀čь (accusative singular)
mьčà (accusative dual)
mьčę̇̀ (accusative plural)
mьčь̀mь (instrumental singular)
mьčèmь (instrumental singular)
mьčèma (dual instrumental)
mь̀či (instrumental plural)
mьčì (locative singular)
mьčù (dual locative)
mь̀čixъ (locative plural)
mьču (singular vocative)
mьčà (dual vocative)
mьčì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мь́чь (mĭ́čĭ) (in The Tale of Igor's Campaign)

South Slavic

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мьчь (mĭčĭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ма̏ч

Latin script: mȁč

Oleg Trubachyov
Rick Derksen
The Tale of Igor's Campaign


-mo

Compare
Latvian tām, nuo tām (“therefrom”),
Ancient Greek τῆμος (têmos, “there, then, at that time”) (< *teh₂-mo- (“at the time, then”)), πῆμος (pêmos, “when”)

cog

kъ- (“who”) → *kamo (“whereto”)

jь (“he”) → *jamo (“whereto”)

jьnъ (“other, another”) → *jьnamo (“elsewhere (to other place)”)

onъ → *onamo (“thereto; there”)

ovъ → *ovamo

sь (“this”) → *sěmo (“here; hereto”)

tъ (“that”) → *tamo (“there; thereto”)

vьśь (“all”) → *vьśěmo (“everywhere”)


kury

kùry (canonical feminine)
kùry (nominative singular)
kùrъvi (dual nominative)
kùrъvi (nominative plural)
kùrъve (genitive singular)
kùrъvu (dual genitive)
kùrъvъ (genitive plural)
kùrъvi (dative singular)
kùrъvьma (dative dual)
kùrъvama (dative dual)
kùrъvьmъ (dative plural)
kùrъvamъ (dative plural)
kùrъvь (accusative singular)
kùrъvi (accusative dual)
kùrъvi (accusative plural)
kùrъvьjǫ (instrumental singular)
kùrъvľǭ (instrumental singular)
kùrъvьma (dual instrumental)
kùrъvama (dual instrumental)
kùrъvьmī (instrumental plural)
kùrъvamī (instrumental plural)
kùrъve (locative singular)
kùrъvu (dual locative)
kùrъvьxъ (locative plural)
kùrъvaxъ (locative plural)
kùry (singular vocative)
kùrъvi (dual vocative)
kùrъvi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: курꙑ (kury), куръва (kurŭva)

Old Ruthenian: ку́рва (kúrva)

Belarusian: ку́рва (kúrva)

Carpathian Rusyn: ку́рва (kúrva)

Ukrainian: ку́рва (kúrva)

Russian: ку́рва (kúrva) (see there for further descendants)

Old Novgorodian: коурꙑ (kury), коуръва (kurŭva)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ку́рва (kúrva)

Macedonian: курва (kurva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ку̑рва, (regional) ку̑рба

Latin script: kȗrva, (regional) kȗrba

Slovene: kȗrba, kȗrva (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kurva

Czech: kurva

Old Polish: kurwa

desctree

Polish: kurwa, kurew (archaic, dialectal), k*rwa, k**wa, k***a (censored)
→ Yiddish: קורווע (kurve)

Silesian: kurwa

Old Slovak: kurva

Slovak: kurva

Pannonian Rusyn: курва (kurva)

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: kùrwa

Slovincian: kùrwa

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: kurwa

Upper Sorbian: kurwa

Non-Slavic:

→ Aromanian: curvã

→ Albanian: kurvë

→ Hungarian: kurva

→ Lithuanian: kùrva

→ Romanian: curvă

From *kùrъ (“cock, rooster”) + *-y. Originally meant “hen”, for semantic development compare French cocotte, poule. Most likely false cognate of Latin cārus (“beloved”), Latvian kārs (“craving, covetous”) and English whore (from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂ros).


sosna

sōsnà (canonical feminine)
sosnà (nominative singular)
sòsně (dual nominative)
sosnỳ (nominative plural)
sosnỳ (genitive singular)
sosnù (dual genitive)
sòsnъ (genitive plural)
sosně̀ (dative singular)
sosnàma (dative dual)
sosnàmъ (dative plural)
sosnǫ̀ (accusative singular)
sòsně (accusative dual)
sosnỳ (accusative plural)
sosnòjǫ (instrumental singular)
sòsnǫ (instrumental singular)
sosnàma (dual instrumental)
sosnàmī (instrumental plural)
sosně̀ (locative singular)
sosnù (dual locative)
sosnàsъ (locative plural)
sosnàxъ (locative plural)
sosno (singular vocative)
sòsně (dual vocative)
sosnỳ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сосна (sosna)

Old Ruthenian: сосна́ (sosná)

Belarusian: сасна́ (sasná)

Ukrainian: сосна́ (sosná)

Russian: сосна́ (sosná)

South Slavic:

Middle Bulgarian: сосна (sosna)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sosna

Czech: sosna

Kashubian: sosna

Old Polish: sosna

Polish: sosna

Slovak: sosna

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: sosna

Uncertain. Per Vasmer, Brückner: possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ḱas- (“gray, dim”) + *-na due to its dark bark, akin to Latin cānus (“hoary”) and Proto-Germanic *haswaz (“gray”). Per Meillet: alternatively reflects an earlier *sopsna (“resin tree”) from *sap- (“taste”) whence are Proto-West Germanic *sap (“juice”), Latin sapa (“must”).
An origin from Proto-Indo-European *ḱes- (“to cut, to prune”) or *ḱeh₃- (“sharp”) is also possible, but according to Vasmer - less plausible.


rěka

rě̄kà (canonical)
rěkà (canonical feminine)
rě̄kà (nominative singular)
rě̃cě (dual nominative)
rě̄kỳ (nominative plural)
rě̄kỳ (genitive singular)
rě̄kù (dual genitive)
rě̃kъ (genitive plural)
rě̄cě̀ (dative singular)
rě̄kàma (dative dual)
rě̄kàmъ (dative plural)
rě̄kǫ̀ (accusative singular)
rě̃cě (accusative dual)
rě̄kỳ (accusative plural)
rě̄kòjǫ (instrumental singular)
rě̃kǫ (instrumental singular)
rě̄kàma (dual instrumental)
rě̄kàmī (instrumental plural)
rě̄cě̀ (locative singular)
rě̄kù (dual locative)
rě̄kàsъ (locative plural)
rě̄kàxъ (locative plural)
rěko (singular vocative)
rě̃cě (dual vocative)
rě̄kỳ (plural vocative)
rěkà (nominative singular)
rě̑cě (dual nominative)
rě̑ky (nominative plural)
rěký (genitive singular)
rěkù (dual genitive)
rě̃kъ (genitive plural)
rěcě̀ (dative singular)
rěkàma (dative dual)
rěkàmъ (dative plural)
rě̑kǫ (accusative singular)
rě̑cě (accusative dual)
rě̑ky (accusative plural)
rěkojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
rěkàma (dual instrumental)
rěkàmi (instrumental plural)
rě̑cě (locative singular)
rěkù (dual locative)
rěkàsъ (locative plural)
rěkàxъ (locative plural)
rěko (singular vocative)
rě̑cě (dual vocative)
rě̑ky (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: рѣка (rěka)

Belarusian: рака́ (raká)

Russian: река́ (reká)

Ukrainian: ріка́ (riká)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: рѣка (rěka)

Glagolitic: ⱃⱑⰽⰰ (rěka)

Macedonian: река (reka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ре́ка, рије́ка

Latin: réka, rijéka

Slovene: rẹ́ka (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: řěka
Czech: řeka

desctree

Old Polish: rzeka
Polish: rzeka
Silesian: rzyka

Old Slovak: rieka, réka, ríka
Pannonian Rusyn: рика (rika)
Slovak: rieka

Polabian: rekă

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: rzéka

Slovincian: rzéka

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: rěka

Lower Sorbian: rěka

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *raikāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃royH-keh₂, from *h₃reyH-, extension of *h₃er-. Equivalent to *rě- + *-ka.
Indo-European cognates include Latin rīvus (“brook, stream”), Middle Irish rían (“river, way”), Old Irish ríathor (“torrent”), Sanskrit रय (ráya), रीयते (rī́yate), रीति (rītí), रेतस् (rétas), Gaulish *Rēnos, Albanian ritë, Old English rīþ, English rithe (dial.), Middle Low German rîn.


plakati

plàkati (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
plakanьje (noun-from-verb)
plakati (infinitive)
plakatъ (supine)
plakalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
plakanъ (participle passive past)
plačemъ (participle passive present)
plakavъ (active participle past)
plačę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
plakaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
plaka (aorist second-person singular)
plaka (aorist singular third-person)
plačǫ (first-person present singular)
plačeši (present second-person singular)
plačetь (present singular third-person)
plakaxově (aorist dual first-person)
plakasta (aorist dual second-person)
plakaste (aorist dual third-person)
plačevě (dual first-person present)
plačeta (dual present second-person)
plačete (dual present third-person)
plakaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
plakaste (aorist plural second-person)
plakašę (aorist plural third-person)
plačemъ (first-person plural present)
plačete (plural present second-person)
plačǫtь (plural present third-person)
plakaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
plakaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
plakaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
plači (imperative second-person singular)
plači (imperative singular third-person)
plakaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
plakaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
plakaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
plačivě (dual first-person imperative)
plačita (dual imperative second-person)
plakaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
plakaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
plakaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
plačimъ (first-person imperative plural)
plačite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: плакати (plakati)

Belarusian: пла́каць (plákacʹ)

Russian: пла́кать (plákatʹ)

Ukrainian: пла́кати (plákaty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: плакати (plakati)

Bulgarian: пла́ча (pláča)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пла̏кати

Latin script: plȁkati

Slovene: plákati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: płakac

Old Czech: plakati

Czech: plakat

Polish: płakać

Slovak: plakať

Pannonian Rusyn: плакац (plakac)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: płakać

Lower Sorbian: płakaś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *plā́ˀktei, from Proto-Indo-European *pléh₂k-ye-ti, from *pleh₂k-, *pleh₂g- (“to beat”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πλήσσω (plḗssō, “to strike”) (from Proto-Hellenic *plā́k-jō).


nauka

nauka (nominative singular)
naucě (dual nominative)
nauky (nominative plural)
nauky (genitive singular)
nauku (dual genitive)
naukъ (genitive plural)
naucě (dative singular)
naukama (dative dual)
naukamъ (dative plural)
naukǫ (accusative singular)
naucě (accusative dual)
nauky (accusative plural)
naukojǫ (instrumental singular)
naukǫ (instrumental singular)
naukama (dual instrumental)
naukami (instrumental plural)
naucě (locative singular)
nauku (dual locative)
naukasъ (locative plural)
naukaxъ (locative plural)
nauko (singular vocative)
naucě (dual vocative)
nauky (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: наву́ка (navúka)

Russian: нау́ка (naúka)

Ukrainian: нау́ка (naúka)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: нау́ка (naúka)

Macedonian: наука (nauka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: на̀ука

Latin script: nàuka

West Slavic:

Old Czech: nauka
Czech: nauka

desctree

Old Polish: nauka
Polish: nauka
Silesian: nauka

Slovak: náuka

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: nôùka

Slovincian: nowùka

Deverbal from *naučiti, from *učiti (“to teach”).


ristati

b (accent-paradigm)
ristanьje (noun-from-verb)
ristati (infinitive)
ristatъ (supine)
ristalъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
ristanъ (participle passive past)
risťemъ (participle passive present)
ristavъ (active participle past)
risťę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
ristaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
rista (aorist second-person singular)
rista (aorist singular third-person)
risťǫ (first-person present singular)
risťeši (present second-person singular)
risťetь (present singular third-person)
ristaxově (aorist dual first-person)
ristasta (aorist dual second-person)
ristaste (aorist dual third-person)
risťevě (dual first-person present)
risťeta (dual present second-person)
risťete (dual present third-person)
ristaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
ristaste (aorist plural second-person)
ristašę (aorist plural third-person)
risťemъ (first-person plural present)
risťete (plural present second-person)
risťǫtь (plural present third-person)
ristaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
ristaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
ristaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
risťi (imperative second-person singular)
risťi (imperative singular third-person)
ristaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
ristaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
ristaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
risťivě (dual first-person imperative)
risťita (dual imperative second-person)
ristaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
ristaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
ristaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
risťimъ (first-person imperative plural)
risťite (imperative plural second-person)
*riskati (alternative)

North Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ристати (ristati)

Russian: риста́ть (ristátʹ)

⇒ Ukrainian: риска́ти (ryskáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ристати (ristati)

Bulgarian: ри́шкам (ríškam) (dialectal) < *riščьkati

According to Pokorny, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rey- (“to arise, rise”).

der

(intransitive) to haste, to move quickly


pěnędzь

pě̀nę̄dzь (canonical masculine)
pě̀nę̄dzь (nominative singular)
pě̀nę̄dza (dual nominative)
pě̀nę̄dzi (nominative plural)
pě̀nę̄dza (genitive singular)
pě̀nę̄dzu (dual genitive)
pě̀nę̄dzь (genitive plural)
pě̀nę̄dzu (dative singular)
pě̀nę̄dzema (dative dual)
pě̀nę̄dzēmъ (dative plural)
pě̀nę̄dzь (accusative singular)
pě̀nę̄dza (accusative dual)
pě̀nę̄dzę̇ (accusative plural)
pě̀nę̄dzьmь (instrumental singular)
pě̀nę̄dzemь (instrumental singular)
pě̀nę̄dzema (dual instrumental)
pě̀nę̄dzī (instrumental plural)
pě̀nę̄dzi (locative singular)
pě̀nę̄dzu (dual locative)
pě̀nę̄dzīxъ (locative plural)
pě̀nę̄že (singular vocative)
pě̀nę̄dza (dual vocative)
pě̀nę̄dzi (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: пѣнязь (pěnjazĭ) (Russian)

East Slavic:

Russian: пе́нязь (pénjazʹ)

Old Ruthenian: пѣнязь (pěnjazʹ)

Ukrainian: пі́нязь (pínjazʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: піняз (pinjaz)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: пѣнѧѕь (pěnędzĭ)

Glagolitic: ⱂⱑⱀⱔⰷⱐ (pěnędzĭ)

Bulgarian: пе́нез (pénez)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пјèнез (archaic)

Latin: pjȅnēz (archaic), pènezi (regional)

Slovene: ре̣̑nеz (archaic)

West Slavic:

Czech: peníz, peníze

desctree

Old Polish: pieniądz
Polish: pieniądz, piniądz, pieniąż (Middle Polish), pijądz (Chełmno-Dobrzyń)
→ German: Penunze
→ Ukrainian: пеньо́нзи (penʹónzy), пеньо́ндзи (penʹóndzy)
Silesian: piniōndz

desc

Old Slovak: penáz, penez, peniaz, peniaze, peníz

Pannonian Rusyn: пенєж (penjež), пенєжи (penježi)

Slovak: peniaz, penez

Polabian: pangs

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: pieniądz, (obsolete) pieńdz

Slovincian: pjõdze, pjênjundze

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: pjenjez

Lower Sorbian: pjenjeze pl

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: pénz

From earlier *pęnęgъ, borrowed from either Gothic *𐍀𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (*pinniggs), or i-umlaut inflected late Proto-West Germanic *penning, from earlier *panning, both from Proto-Germanic *panningaz (“coin, penny”).


družina

družìna (canonical feminine)
družìna (nominative singular)
družìně (dual nominative)
družìny (nominative plural)
družìny (genitive singular)
družìnu (dual genitive)
družìnъ (genitive plural)
družìně (dative singular)
družìnama (dative dual)
družìnamъ (dative plural)
družìnǫ (accusative singular)
družìně (accusative dual)
družìny (accusative plural)
družìnojǫ (instrumental singular)
družìnǭ (instrumental singular)
družìnama (dual instrumental)
družìnamī (instrumental plural)
družìně (locative singular)
družìnu (dual locative)
družìnasъ (locative plural)
družìnaxъ (locative plural)
družìno (singular vocative)
družìně (dual vocative)
družìny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дружина (družina)

Belarusian: дружы́на (družýna)

Russian: дружи́на (družína)

Ukrainian: дружи́на (družýna, “wife”)

Old Pskovian: друзина (druźina)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: дроужина (družina)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: дружи́на (družína)

Macedonian: дружина (družina)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дру̀жина

Latin script: drùžina

Slovene: družína (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: družina

Czech: družina

desctree

Old Polish: drużyna
Polish: drużyna
Silesian: drużyna

Slovak: družina

From *drugъ (“companion, friend”) + *-ina (“collective suffix”).

affix

group of associates; team, company, band, troop


maslo

màslo (canonical neuter)
màslo (nominative singular)
màslě (dual nominative)
màsla (nominative plural)
màsla (genitive singular)
màslu (dual genitive)
màslъ (genitive plural)
màslu (dative singular)
màsloma (dative dual)
màslomъ (dative plural)
màslo (accusative singular)
màslě (accusative dual)
màsla (accusative plural)
màslъmь (instrumental singular)
màslomь (instrumental singular)
màsloma (dual instrumental)
màslȳ (instrumental plural)
màslě (locative singular)
màslu (dual locative)
màslě̄xъ (locative plural)
màslo (singular vocative)
màslě (dual vocative)
màsla (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: масло (maslo)

Old Ruthenian: ма́сло (máslo)

Belarusian: ма́сла (másla)

Ukrainian: ма́сло (máslo)

desctree

Russian: ма́сло (máslo)
Russenorsk: masla
→ Alutiiq: masla
→ Mongolian: масло (maslo)

Old Novgorodian: масло (maslo)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: масло (maslo)

Glagolitic script: ⰿⰰⱄⰾⱁ (maslo)

Bulgarian: ма́сло (máslo)

Macedonian: масло (maslo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ма̏сло

Latin script: mȁslo

Slovene: máslo (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: máslo

Czech: máslo

Bohemian (Chod dialect): máslo

Moravian (Mistřice): másu̯o

Kashubian: masło

Old Polish: masło

Polish: masło

Old Slovak: maslo

Pannonian Rusyn: масло (maslo)

Slovak: maslo

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: masło

Lower Sorbian: masło

Related to *màzati (“to oil, to anoint, to smear”). Generally reconstructed as *màz-slo, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *mōˀź-sla.
* Derksen: Probably cognate with Lithuanian mė́šlas (“manure”), Latvian mȩ̂sls (“manure”). Sometimes instead derived from earlier Proto-Slavic *màz-tlo.
* See *màzati.


čudo

čùdo (canonical neuter)
čùdo (nominative singular)
čùdesi (dual nominative)
čùdesā (nominative plural)
čùdese (genitive singular)
čùdesu (dual genitive)
čùdesъ (genitive plural)
čùdesi (dative singular)
čùdesьma (dative dual)
čùdesьmъ (dative plural)
čùdo (accusative singular)
čùdesi (accusative dual)
čùdesā (accusative plural)
čùdesьmь (instrumental singular)
čùdesьma (dual instrumental)
čùdesȳ (instrumental plural)
čùdese (locative singular)
čùdesu (dual locative)
čùdesьxъ (locative plural)
čùdo (singular vocative)
čùdesi (dual vocative)
čùdesā (plural vocative)
*čùdъ (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: чудо (čudo)

desc

Old Ruthenian: чу́до (čúdo), чю́до (čjúdo)

Belarusian: чу́да (čúda) (archaic)

Carpathian Rusyn: чу́до (čúdo)

Ukrainian: чу́до (čúdo)

Russian: чу́до (čúdo)

→ Karelian: čuudo

→ Komi-Zyrian: чудеса (ćuďesa)

→ Udmurt: чудо (ćudo)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: чоудо (čudo)

Glagolitic script: ⱍⱆⰴⱁ (čudo)

Bulgarian: чу́до (čúdo)

Macedonian: чу́до (čúdo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: чу̏до; чуде̏со (dialectal)

Latin script: čȕdo; čudȅso (dialectal)

Slovene: čūdo (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Polish: cudo, czudo
Polish: cudo

Slovak: čudo, čudeso, čud

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: cud

Slovincian: cúd

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: čwódо

→ Albanian: çudi

→ Hungarian: csoda

→ Romanian: ciudă

Archaic s-stem noun, continuing Proto-Balto-Slavic *kjáudas, from Proto-Indo-European *kéwdos. A possible cognate is Ancient Greek κῦδος (kûdos, “renown, glory”).


murava

murava (nominative singular)
muravě (dual nominative)
muravy (nominative plural)
muravy (genitive singular)
muravu (dual genitive)
muravъ (genitive plural)
muravě (dative singular)
muravama (dative dual)
muravamъ (dative plural)
muravǫ (accusative singular)
muravě (accusative dual)
muravy (accusative plural)
muravojǫ (instrumental singular)
muravǫ (instrumental singular)
muravama (dual instrumental)
muravami (instrumental plural)
muravě (locative singular)
muravu (dual locative)
muravasъ (locative plural)
muravaxъ (locative plural)
muravo (singular vocative)
muravě (dual vocative)
muravy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мурава (murava)

desc

Belarusian: мурава́ (muravá), му́рава (múrava)

Russian: мурава́ (muravá)

Ukrainian: мурава́ (muravá)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: мура́ва (muráva) (dialectal), мора́ва (moráva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: му̀рава (archaic)

Latin script: mùrava (archaic)

Slovene: muráva (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Polish: murawa

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: mùrawa

From *mura, *murъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *mauˀras (“mud”).

green, sward (expanse of land covered in dense grass)


tvoriti

tvorìti (canonical)
b (accent-paradigm)
tvořenьje (noun-from-verb)
tvoriti (infinitive)
tvoritъ (supine)
tvorilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
tvořenъ (participle passive past)
tvorimъ (participle passive present)
tvořь (active participle past)
tvorę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
tvorixъ (aorist first-person singular)
tvori (aorist second-person singular)
tvori (aorist singular third-person)
tvořǫ (first-person present singular)
tvoriši (present second-person singular)
tvoritь (present singular third-person)
tvorixově (aorist dual first-person)
tvorista (aorist dual second-person)
tvoriste (aorist dual third-person)
tvorivě (dual first-person present)
tvorita (dual present second-person)
tvorite (dual present third-person)
tvorixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tvoriste (aorist plural second-person)
tvorišę (aorist plural third-person)
tvorimъ (first-person plural present)
tvorite (plural present second-person)
tvorętь (plural present third-person)
tvořaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tvořaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tvořaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
tvori (imperative second-person singular)
tvori (imperative singular third-person)
tvořaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tvořaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tvořaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tvorivě (dual first-person imperative)
tvorita (dual imperative second-person)
tvořaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tvořaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tvořaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tvorimъ (first-person imperative plural)
tvorite (imperative plural second-person)
c (accent-paradigm)
tvořenьje (noun-from-verb)
tvoriti (infinitive)
tvoritъ (supine)
tvorilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
tvořenъ (participle passive past)
tvorimъ (participle passive present)
tvořь (active participle past)
tvorę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
tvorixъ (aorist first-person singular)
tvori (aorist second-person singular)
tvori (aorist singular third-person)
tvořǫ (first-person present singular)
tvoriši (present second-person singular)
tvoritь (present singular third-person)
tvorixově (aorist dual first-person)
tvorista (aorist dual second-person)
tvoriste (aorist dual third-person)
tvorivě (dual first-person present)
tvorita (dual present second-person)
tvorite (dual present third-person)
tvorixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tvoriste (aorist plural second-person)
tvorišę (aorist plural third-person)
tvorimъ (first-person plural present)
tvorite (plural present second-person)
tvorętь (plural present third-person)
tvořaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tvořaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tvořaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
tvori (imperative second-person singular)
tvori (imperative singular third-person)
tvořaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tvořaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tvořaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tvorivě (dual first-person imperative)
tvorita (dual imperative second-person)
tvořaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tvořaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tvořaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tvorimъ (first-person imperative plural)
tvorite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: творити (tvoriti)

Old Ruthenian: творити (tvoriti)

Belarusian: твары́ць (tvarýcʹ)

Ukrainian: твори́ти (tvorýty)

Russian: твори́ть (tvorítʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: творити (tvoriti)

Glagolitic: ⱅⰲⱁⱃⰻⱅⰻ (tvoriti)

Bulgarian: творя́ (tvorjá)

Macedonian: твори (tvori)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: тво̀рити

Latin: tvòriti

Slovene: tvọ́riti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: tvořiti

Czech: tvořit

desctree

Old Polish: tworzyć
Polish: tworzyć
Silesian: tworzić

Slovak: tvoriť

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: twòrzëc

Slovincian: twôrzëc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: tworić

Lower Sorbian: tworiś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *twarīˀtei, causative/iterative of Proto-Indo-European *twerH- (“to fence in, grab”). Baltic cognates include Lithuanian tvérti (“to seize, to form”), Latvian tvert (“to seize, to hold”), Lithuanian tvárstyti (“to bandage”), Latvian tvarstīt (“to snap, to catch”) (1sg. tvarstu), Lithuanian turė́ti (“to hold”), Latvian turēt (“to hold”), Old Prussian turīt (“to have”). Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek σορός (sorós, “urn”).

inh

Marko Snoj
Rick Derksen
be:Аляксандр Мікалаевіч Булыка


stajati

c (accent-paradigm)
stajanьje (noun-from-verb)
stajati (infinitive)
stajatъ (supine)
stajalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
stajanъ (participle passive past)
stajemъ (participle passive present)
stajavъ (active participle past)
staję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
stajaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
staja (aorist second-person singular)
staja (aorist singular third-person)
stajǫ (first-person present singular)
staješi (present second-person singular)
stajetь (present singular third-person)
stajaxově (aorist dual first-person)
stajasta (aorist dual second-person)
stajaste (aorist dual third-person)
stajevě (dual first-person present)
stajeta (dual present second-person)
stajete (dual present third-person)
stajaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
stajaste (aorist plural second-person)
stajašę (aorist plural third-person)
stajemъ (first-person plural present)
stajete (plural present second-person)
stajǫtь (plural present third-person)
stajaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
stajaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
stajaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
staji (imperative second-person singular)
staji (imperative singular third-person)
stajaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
stajaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
stajaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
stajivě (dual first-person imperative)
stajita (dual imperative second-person)
stajaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
stajaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
stajaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
stajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
stajite (imperative plural second-person)
a (accent-paradigm)
stajanьje (noun-from-verb)
stajati (infinitive)
stajatъ (supine)
stajalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
stajanъ (participle passive past)
stajajemъ (participle passive present)
stajavъ (active participle past)
stajaję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
stajaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
staja (aorist second-person singular)
staja (aorist singular third-person)
stajajǫ (first-person present singular)
stajaješi (present second-person singular)
stajajetь (present singular third-person)
stajaxově (aorist dual first-person)
stajasta (aorist dual second-person)
stajaste (aorist dual third-person)
stajajevě (dual first-person present)
stajajeta (dual present second-person)
stajajete (dual present third-person)
stajaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
stajaste (aorist plural second-person)
stajašę (aorist plural third-person)
stajajemъ (first-person plural present)
stajajete (plural present second-person)
stajajǫtь (plural present third-person)
stajaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
stajaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
stajaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
stajaji (imperative second-person singular)
stajaji (imperative singular third-person)
stajaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
stajaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
stajaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
stajajivě (dual first-person imperative)
stajajita (dual imperative second-person)
stajaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
stajaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
stajaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
stajajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
stajajite (imperative plural second-person)

Secondary form of *stati + *-jati (a/j-derivation), from Proto-Indo-European *stéh₂yeti.


stajati

stajanьje (noun-from-verb)
stajati (infinitive)
stajatъ (supine)
stajalъ (l-participle)
stajanъ (participle passive past)
stajimъ (participle passive present)
stajavъ (active participle past)
staję (active participle present)
stajaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
staja (aorist second-person singular)
staja (aorist singular third-person)
stajǫ (first-person present singular)
stajiši (present second-person singular)
stajitь (present singular third-person)
stajaxově (aorist dual first-person)
stajasta (aorist dual second-person)
stajaste (aorist dual third-person)
stajivě (dual first-person present)
stajita (dual present second-person)
stajite (dual present third-person)
stajaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
stajaste (aorist plural second-person)
stajašę (aorist plural third-person)
stajimъ (first-person plural present)
stajite (plural present second-person)
stajętь (plural present third-person)
stajaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
stajaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
stajaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
staji (imperative second-person singular)
staji (imperative singular third-person)
stajaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
stajaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
stajaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
stajivě (dual first-person imperative)
stajita (dual imperative second-person)
stajaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
stajaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
stajaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
stajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
stajite (imperative plural second-person)


tesati

tesàti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
tesanьje (noun-from-verb)
tesati (infinitive)
tesatъ (supine)
tesalъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
tesanъ (participle passive past)
tešemъ (participle passive present)
tesavъ (active participle past)
tešę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
tesaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
tesa (aorist second-person singular)
tesa (aorist singular third-person)
tešǫ (first-person present singular)
tešeši (present second-person singular)
tešetь (present singular third-person)
tesaxově (aorist dual first-person)
tesasta (aorist dual second-person)
tesaste (aorist dual third-person)
teševě (dual first-person present)
tešeta (dual present second-person)
tešete (dual present third-person)
tesaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tesaste (aorist plural second-person)
tesašę (aorist plural third-person)
tešemъ (first-person plural present)
tešete (plural present second-person)
tešǫtь (plural present third-person)
tesaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tesaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tesaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
teši (imperative second-person singular)
teši (imperative singular third-person)
tesaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tesaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tesaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tešivě (dual first-person imperative)
tešita (dual imperative second-person)
tesaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tesaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tesaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tešimъ (first-person imperative plural)
tešite (imperative plural second-person)
b (accent-paradigm)
tesanьje (noun-from-verb)
tesati (infinitive)
tesatъ (supine)
tesalъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
tesanъ (participle passive past)
tesajemъ (participle passive present)
tesavъ (active participle past)
tesaję (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
tesaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
tesa (aorist second-person singular)
tesa (aorist singular third-person)
tesajǫ (first-person present singular)
tesaješi (present second-person singular)
tesajetь (present singular third-person)
tesaxově (aorist dual first-person)
tesasta (aorist dual second-person)
tesaste (aorist dual third-person)
tesajevě (dual first-person present)
tesajeta (dual present second-person)
tesajete (dual present third-person)
tesaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tesaste (aorist plural second-person)
tesašę (aorist plural third-person)
tesajemъ (first-person plural present)
tesajete (plural present second-person)
tesajǫtь (plural present third-person)
tesaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tesaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tesaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
tesaji (imperative second-person singular)
tesaji (imperative singular third-person)
tesaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tesaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tesaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tesajivě (dual first-person imperative)
tesajita (dual imperative second-person)
tesaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tesaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tesaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tesajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
tesajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: тесати (tesati)

Russian: теса́ть (tesátʹ)

Ukrainian: теса́ти (tesáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: тесати (tesati)

Glagolitic: ⱅⰵⱄⰰⱅⰹ (tesati)

Bulgarian: те́сам (tésam) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тѐсати

Latin script: tèsati

Slovene: tesáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: tesat

Polish: ciosać

→ Belarusian: часа́ць (časácʹ)

Slovak: tesať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: ćesać

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *téśtei, from Proto-Indo-European *tetḱ- (“to hew”), perhaps from a reduplication of *teḱ- (“to strike”) (compare Ancient Greek κτείνω (kteínō, “to slay”)).

cog

(via specialization) to patch, to trim (with tool)


osnova

osnova (nominative singular)
osnově (dual nominative)
osnovy (nominative plural)
osnovy (genitive singular)
osnovu (dual genitive)
osnovъ (genitive plural)
osnově (dative singular)
osnovama (dative dual)
osnovamъ (dative plural)
osnovǫ (accusative singular)
osnově (accusative dual)
osnovy (accusative plural)
osnovojǫ (instrumental singular)
osnovǫ (instrumental singular)
osnovama (dual instrumental)
osnovami (instrumental plural)
osnově (locative singular)
osnovu (dual locative)
osnovasъ (locative plural)
osnovaxъ (locative plural)
osnovo (singular vocative)
osnově (dual vocative)
osnovy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: основа (osnova)

Belarusian: асно́ва (asnóva)

Russian: осно́ва (osnóva)

Ukrainian: осно́ва (osnóva)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: осно́ва (osnóva)

Macedonian: основа (osnova)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̏снова

Latin script: ȍsnova

West Slavic:

Old Czech: osnova

Czech: osnova

Bohemian (Chod dialect): vosnova

Polish: osnowa


laziti

làziti (canonical)
a (accent-paradigm)
laženьje (noun-from-verb)
laziti (infinitive)
lazitъ (supine)
lazilъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
laženъ (participle passive past)
lazimъ (participle passive present)
lažь (active participle past)
lazę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
lazixъ (aorist first-person singular)
lazi (aorist second-person singular)
lazi (aorist singular third-person)
lažǫ (first-person present singular)
laziši (present second-person singular)
lazitь (present singular third-person)
lazixově (aorist dual first-person)
lazista (aorist dual second-person)
laziste (aorist dual third-person)
lazivě (dual first-person present)
lazita (dual present second-person)
lazite (dual present third-person)
lazixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
laziste (aorist plural second-person)
lazišę (aorist plural third-person)
lazimъ (first-person plural present)
lazite (plural present second-person)
lazętь (plural present third-person)
lažaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
lažaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
lažaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
lazi (imperative second-person singular)
lazi (imperative singular third-person)
lažaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
lažaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
lažaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
lazivě (dual first-person imperative)
lazita (dual imperative second-person)
lažaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
lažaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
lažaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
lazimъ (first-person imperative plural)
lazite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: лазити (laziti)

Belarusian: ла́зіць (lázicʹ)

Russian: ла́зить (lázitʹ)

Ukrainian: ла́зити (lázyty)

Old Novgorodian: ла́ꙁити (láziti)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: лазити (laziti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: ла́зя (lázja)

Macedonian: лази (lazi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ла̏зити

Latin script: lȁziti

Slovene: láziti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: laziti

Czech: lazit

Polabian: lozĕ

Old Polish: łazić

Polish: łazić

Slovak: laziť

Slovincian: lazëc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: łazyć

Lower Sorbian: łazyś

From Proto-Indo-European *loh₁ǵ-ey-, causative/iterative of *leh₁ǵ-. Cognate with Latvian lẽzêt (“to slide”), Old Prussian līse (“(he) crawls”, 3sg.), Old Norse lágr (“low”), English low.


značiti

značenьje (noun-from-verb)
značiti (infinitive)
značitъ (supine)
značilъ (l-participle)
značenъ (participle passive past)
značimъ (participle passive present)
značь (active participle past)
značę (active participle present)
značixъ (aorist first-person singular)
znači (aorist second-person singular)
znači (aorist singular third-person)
značǫ (first-person present singular)
značiši (present second-person singular)
značitь (present singular third-person)
značixově (aorist dual first-person)
značista (aorist dual second-person)
značiste (aorist dual third-person)
značivě (dual first-person present)
značita (dual present second-person)
značite (dual present third-person)
značixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
značiste (aorist plural second-person)
značišę (aorist plural third-person)
značimъ (first-person plural present)
značite (plural present second-person)
značętь (plural present third-person)
značaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
značaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
značaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
znači (imperative second-person singular)
znači (imperative singular third-person)
značaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
značaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
značaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
značivě (dual first-person imperative)
značita (dual imperative second-person)
značaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
značaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
značaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
značimъ (first-person imperative plural)
značite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: зна́чыць (znáčycʹ)

Russian: зна́чить (znáčitʹ)

Ukrainian: зна́чити (znáčyty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: зна́ча (znáča)

Macedonian: значи (znači)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: зна́чити

Latin script: znáčiti

Slovene: znáčiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Lechitic:

Polish: znaczyć

Silesian: znaczyć

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: znaczëc

Slovincian: znaczic

Czech: značit

Slovak: značiť


čuditi

a (accent-paradigm)
čuďenьje (noun-from-verb)
čuditi (infinitive)
čuditъ (supine)
čudilъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
čuďenъ (participle passive past)
čudimъ (participle passive present)
čuďь (active participle past)
čudę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
čudixъ (aorist first-person singular)
čudi (aorist second-person singular)
čudi (aorist singular third-person)
čuďǫ (first-person present singular)
čudiši (present second-person singular)
čuditь (present singular third-person)
čudixově (aorist dual first-person)
čudista (aorist dual second-person)
čudiste (aorist dual third-person)
čudivě (dual first-person present)
čudita (dual present second-person)
čudite (dual present third-person)
čudixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
čudiste (aorist plural second-person)
čudišę (aorist plural third-person)
čudimъ (first-person plural present)
čudite (plural present second-person)
čudętь (plural present third-person)
čuďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
čuďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
čuďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
čudi (imperative second-person singular)
čudi (imperative singular third-person)
čuďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
čuďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
čuďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
čudivě (dual first-person imperative)
čudita (dual imperative second-person)
čuďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
čuďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
čuďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
čudimъ (first-person imperative plural)
čudite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: чу́диться (čúditʹsja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: чудити (čuditi)

Glagolitic script: ⱍⱆⰴⰻⱅⰻ (čuditi)

Bulgarian: чу́дя (čúdja)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: чу̏дити

Latin script: čȕditi

Slovene: čúditi

West Slavic:

Czech: čuditi


pluto

plūtò (canonical neuter)
plūtò (nominative singular)
plũtě (dual nominative)
plūtà (nominative plural)
plūtà (genitive singular)
plūtù (dual genitive)
plũtъ (genitive plural)
plūtù (dative singular)
plūtòma (dative dual)
plūtòmъ (dative plural)
plūtò (accusative singular)
plũtě (accusative dual)
plūtà (accusative plural)
plūtъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
plūtòmь (instrumental singular)
plūtòma (dual instrumental)
plũty (instrumental plural)
plūtě̀ (locative singular)
plūtù (dual locative)
plũtěxъ (locative plural)
plūtò (singular vocative)
plũtě (dual vocative)
plūtà (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: плу̏то, плу̏та

Latin script: plȕto, plȕta

West Slavic:

Slovincian: plútô

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *plauˀtá, from Proto-Indo-European *plowtóm, *plewt-. Cognate with Latvian plàuts, Lithuanian plaũtas, Proto-Germanic *flauþī- (> Old Norse *fleyðr (“cross-beam”)), Latin pluteus, and Finnish lauta (“bath shelf, board”) (through either Baltic or Germanic).


valiti

vaľenьje (noun-from-verb)
valiti (infinitive)
valitъ (supine)
valilъ (l-participle)
vaľenъ (participle passive past)
valimъ (participle passive present)
vaľь (active participle past)
valę (active participle present)
valixъ (aorist first-person singular)
vali (aorist second-person singular)
vali (aorist singular third-person)
vaľǫ (first-person present singular)
vališi (present second-person singular)
valitь (present singular third-person)
valixově (aorist dual first-person)
valista (aorist dual second-person)
valiste (aorist dual third-person)
valivě (dual first-person present)
valita (dual present second-person)
valite (dual present third-person)
valixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
valiste (aorist plural second-person)
vališę (aorist plural third-person)
valimъ (first-person plural present)
valite (plural present second-person)
valętь (plural present third-person)
vaľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vaľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vaľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vali (imperative second-person singular)
vali (imperative singular third-person)
vaľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vaľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vaľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
valivě (dual first-person imperative)
valita (dual imperative second-person)
vaľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vaľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vaľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
valimъ (first-person imperative plural)
valite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: валити (valiti)

Belarusian: валіць (valicʹ)

Russian: вали́ть (valítʹ)

Ukrainian: вали́ти (valýty)

South Slavic

Old Church Slavonic:

desc

Old Cyrillic script: валити сѩ (valiti sję)

Bulgarian: валя́ (valjá)

Slovene: valíti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic

Czech: valit

Kashubian: walëc

Polish: walić

Slovak: valiť

From *valъ + *-iti. Compare Latin volvō.


orbiti

orbľenьje (noun-from-verb)
orbiti (infinitive)
orbitъ (supine)
orbilъ (l-participle)
orbľenъ (participle passive past)
orbimъ (participle passive present)
orbľь (active participle past)
orbę (active participle present)
orbixъ (aorist first-person singular)
orbi (aorist second-person singular)
orbi (aorist singular third-person)
orbľǫ (first-person present singular)
orbiši (present second-person singular)
orbitь (present singular third-person)
orbixově (aorist dual first-person)
orbista (aorist dual second-person)
orbiste (aorist dual third-person)
orbivě (dual first-person present)
orbita (dual present second-person)
orbite (dual present third-person)
orbixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
orbiste (aorist plural second-person)
orbišę (aorist plural third-person)
orbimъ (first-person plural present)
orbite (plural present second-person)
orbętь (plural present third-person)
orbľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
orbľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
orbľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
orbi (imperative second-person singular)
orbi (imperative singular third-person)
orbľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
orbľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
orbľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
orbivě (dual first-person imperative)
orbita (dual imperative second-person)
orbľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
orbľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
orbľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
orbimъ (first-person imperative plural)
orbite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: робити (robiti)

Belarusian: рабі́ць (rabícʹ)

Russian: ро́бить (róbitʹ) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: роби́ти (robýty)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ра́бити

Latin script: rábiti

Slovene: rábiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: robiti
Czech: robit

desctree

Old Polish: robić
Polish: robić
Silesian: robić

Old Slovak: robiť

Pannonian Rusyn: робиц (robic)

Slovak: robiť

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: robic

Slovincian: rôbjic

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: robić

Lower Sorbian: robiś

From *orbъ (“servant, slave”) + *-iti.
 PIE word
 *h₃órbʰos


kalina

kalina (nominative singular)
kalině (dual nominative)
kaliny (nominative plural)
kaliny (genitive singular)
kalinu (dual genitive)
kalinъ (genitive plural)
kalině (dative singular)
kalinama (dative dual)
kalinamъ (dative plural)
kalinǫ (accusative singular)
kalině (accusative dual)
kaliny (accusative plural)
kalinojǫ (instrumental singular)
kalinǫ (instrumental singular)
kalinama (dual instrumental)
kalinami (instrumental plural)
kalině (locative singular)
kalinu (dual locative)
kalinasъ (locative plural)
kalinaxъ (locative plural)
kalino (singular vocative)
kalině (dual vocative)
kaliny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: калина (kalina)

Old Ruthenian: кали́на (kalína)

Belarusian: калі́на (kalína)

Carpathian Rusyn: кали́на (kalýna)

Ukrainian: кали́на (kalýna)

Russian: кали́на (kalína)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: кали́на (kalína), къли́на (kǎlína) (dialectal)

Macedonian: калина (kalina)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ка̀лина

Latin script: kàlina

Slovene: kalína

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kalina

Czech: kalina

Kashubian: kalëna

Polish: kalina

Slovak: kalina

Slovincian: kalëna

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: kalina

Upper Sorbian: kalena

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: călină

Likely *kalъ (“mud, dirt”) + *-ina, by the plant’s preference for wet, muddy places to grow.

snowball tree (Viburnum spp., especially Viburnum opulus)


ryti

rỳti (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
rytьje (noun-from-verb)
ryti (infinitive)
rytъ (supine)
rylъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
rytъ (participle passive past)
rъjemъ (participle passive present)
ryvъ (active participle past)
rъję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
ryxъ (aorist first-person singular)
ry (aorist second-person singular)
ry (aorist singular third-person)
rъjǫ (first-person present singular)
rъješi (present second-person singular)
rъjetь (present singular third-person)
ryxově (aorist dual first-person)
rysta (aorist dual second-person)
ryste (aorist dual third-person)
rъjevě (dual first-person present)
rъjeta (dual present second-person)
rъjete (dual present third-person)
ryxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
ryste (aorist plural second-person)
ryšę (aorist plural third-person)
rъjemъ (first-person plural present)
rъjete (plural present second-person)
rъjǫtь (plural present third-person)
rъjaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
rъjaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
rъjaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
rъji (imperative second-person singular)
rъji (imperative singular third-person)
rъjaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
rъjaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
rъjaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
rъjivě (dual first-person imperative)
rъjita (dual imperative second-person)
rъjaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
rъjaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
rъjaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
rъjimъ (first-person imperative plural)
rъjite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: рꙑти (ryti)

Old Ruthenian: рыти (ryti)

Belarusian: рыць (rycʹ)

Ukrainian: ри́ти (rýty)

Russian: рыть (rytʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: рꙑти (ryti)

Glagolitic script: ⱃⱏⰹⱅⰻ (ryti)

Bulgarian: ри́я (ríja)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ри̏ти

Latin script: rȉti

Slovene: ríti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: rýti

Czech: rýt

Polish: ryć

Slovak: ryť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: ryć

Lower Sorbian: ryś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rūˀ-. Baltic cognates include Lithuanian ráuti (“to tear out, to pull”), Latvian raût (“to tear, to pull, to take”), Lithuanian ravė́ti (“to weed”), 1sg. raviù, Latvian ravêt (“to weed”). Further connections:
* Vasmer: Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit रवति (rávati, “to smash, to crush”), Latin ruere (“to rip, to dig”), rūtrum (“spade”), Ancient Greek ἐρυσίχθων (erusíkhthōn, “raking the ground”), Irish ruam (“spade”) < *roumā. (This root is normally reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European *Hrew-.)
* Derksen: From Proto-Indo-European *(H)ruH-. Indo-European cognates include Old Norse rýja (“to tear out wool”), Latin rūta caesa (“minerals already dug up, timber already felled, when an estate is sold”). Derksen seems unwilling to include Vasmer's cognates due to his assumption of a laryngeal in the root, required in his view to account for the acute tone of the term.


stonati

stonanьje (noun-from-verb)
stonati (infinitive)
stonatъ (supine)
stonalъ (l-participle)
stonanъ (participle passive past)
stoňemъ (participle passive present)
stonavъ (active participle past)
stoňę (active participle present)
stonaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
stona (aorist second-person singular)
stona (aorist singular third-person)
stoňǫ (first-person present singular)
stoňeši (present second-person singular)
stoňetь (present singular third-person)
stonaxově (aorist dual first-person)
stonasta (aorist dual second-person)
stonaste (aorist dual third-person)
stoňevě (dual first-person present)
stoňeta (dual present second-person)
stoňete (dual present third-person)
stonaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
stonaste (aorist plural second-person)
stonašę (aorist plural third-person)
stoňemъ (first-person plural present)
stoňete (plural present second-person)
stoňǫtь (plural present third-person)
stonaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
stonaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
stonaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
stoňi (imperative second-person singular)
stoňi (imperative singular third-person)
stonaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
stonaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
stonaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
stoňivě (dual first-person imperative)
stoňita (dual imperative second-person)
stonaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
stonaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
stonaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
stoňimъ (first-person imperative plural)
stoňite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: стонати (stonati)

⇒ Old Ruthenian: стогна́ти (stohnáti)

Belarusian: стагна́ць (stahnácʹ)

Ukrainian: стогна́ти (stohnáty)

Russian: стона́ть (stonátʹ)

West Slavic:

⇒ Kashubian: stãkac

Czech: stonat

⇒ Old Polish: stękać

Polish: stękać

Silesian: stynkać

Slovak: stоnаť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: stonać


braga

braga (nominative singular)
bradzě (dual nominative)
bragy (nominative plural)
bragy (genitive singular)
bragu (dual genitive)
bragъ (genitive plural)
bradzě (dative singular)
bragama (dative dual)
bragamъ (dative plural)
bragǫ (accusative singular)
bradzě (accusative dual)
bragy (accusative plural)
bragojǫ (instrumental singular)
bragǫ (instrumental singular)
bragama (dual instrumental)
bragami (instrumental plural)
bradzě (locative singular)
bragu (dual locative)
bragasъ (locative plural)
bragaxъ (locative plural)
brago (singular vocative)
bradzě (dual vocative)
bragy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: бра́га (bráha)

Russian: бра́га (brága)

→ Bulgarian: бра́га (brága) (obsolete)

Ukrainian: бра́га (bráha)

q

→ Polish: braha (dialectal, via Ukrainian or Belarussian)

→ Lower Sorbian: bražka (possibly)

East Slavic isogloss, of uncertain origin. Due to its limited attestation, no secure etymology could be reconstructed, however, on basis of semantics it may be supposed that the word is related to Proto-Slavic *brьzgati/*brězgati (“to decompose, to burst, to get bitter/sour”). Perhaps, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreHg- (“to rot, to have strong odour”).
Usually compared to Welsh brag (“malt”) and Irish braich (“malt”), with Vasmer even admitting the possibility that the Slavic lemma was borrowed from an early Celtic dialect. This is unlikely in view of Old Irish mraich, which favors the reconstruction of Proto-Celtic *mrakis rather than *brakis.

der

yeast, must (pre-distilled alcohol mixture)


prababa

pràbaba (canonical feminine)
prababa (nominative singular)
prababě (dual nominative)
prababy (nominative plural)
prababy (genitive singular)
prababu (dual genitive)
prababъ (genitive plural)
prababě (dative singular)
prababama (dative dual)
prababamъ (dative plural)
prababǫ (accusative singular)
prababě (accusative dual)
prababy (accusative plural)
prababojǫ (instrumental singular)
prababǫ (instrumental singular)
prababama (dual instrumental)
prababami (instrumental plural)
prababě (locative singular)
prababu (dual locative)
prababasъ (locative plural)
prababaxъ (locative plural)
prababo (singular vocative)
prababě (dual vocative)
prababy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: прабаба (prababa)

Old Ruthenian: прабаба (prababa)

Ukrainian: праба́ба (prabába)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: прабаба (prababa)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⱃⰰⰱⰰⰱⰰ (prababa)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пра̀баба

Latin script: pràbaba

Slovene: prábába (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: prabába

Old Polish: prababa

Polish: prababa

Slovak: prababa


laska

laska (nominative singular)
lascě (dual nominative)
lasky (nominative plural)
lasky (genitive singular)
lasku (dual genitive)
laskъ (genitive plural)
lascě (dative singular)
laskama (dative dual)
laskamъ (dative plural)
laskǫ (accusative singular)
lascě (accusative dual)
lasky (accusative plural)
laskojǫ (instrumental singular)
laskǫ (instrumental singular)
laskama (dual instrumental)
laskami (instrumental plural)
lascě (locative singular)
lasku (dual locative)
laskasъ (locative plural)
laskaxъ (locative plural)
lasko (singular vocative)
lascě (dual vocative)
lasky (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ла́ска (láska)

Russian: ла́ска (láska)

Ukrainian: ла́ска (láska)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ла́ска (láska)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: láska

Czech: láska

Moravian (Mistřice): u̯áska

Polish: łaska

Slovak: láska


berza

bèrza (canonical feminine)
bèrza (nominative singular)
bèrzě (dual nominative)
bèrzy (nominative plural)
bèrzy (genitive singular)
bèrzu (dual genitive)
bèrzъ (genitive plural)
bèrzě (dative singular)
bèrzama (dative dual)
bèrzamъ (dative plural)
bèrzǫ (accusative singular)
bèrzě (accusative dual)
bèrzy (accusative plural)
bèrzojǫ (instrumental singular)
bèrzǭ (instrumental singular)
bèrzama (dual instrumental)
bèrzamī (instrumental plural)
bèrzě (locative singular)
bèrzu (dual locative)
bèrzasъ (locative plural)
bèrzaxъ (locative plural)
bèrzo (singular vocative)
bèrzě (dual vocative)
bèrzy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: береза (bereza)
Old Ruthenian: бере́за (beréza), беро́за (beróza) — Middle Belarusian
Belarusian: бяро́за (bjaróza)
Carpathian Rusyn: бере́за (beréza)
Ukrainian: бере́за (beréza)
→ Yiddish: בערעזע (bereze)
Russian: берёза (berjóza)
→ Yiddish: בעריאָזע (beryoze)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: брѣза (brěza)

Glagolitic script: ⰱⱃⱑⰸⰰ (brěza)

Bulgarian: бреза́ (brezá)

Macedonian: бреза (breza)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бре̏за

Latin script: brȅza

Slovene: brẹ́za (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: břieza
Czech: bříza

Old Polish: brzoza
Polish: brzoza, broza (Middle Polish), brzyza (Kielce)
Silesian: brzoza

Slovak: breza

Polabian: breză

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: brzoza

Slovincian: brzôza

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: brjaza

Upper Sorbian: brěza

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *bérˀźas, *bérˀźāˀ from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵós.


oje

ȍje (canonical neuter)
ȍje (nominative singular)
ȍjesi (dual nominative)
ojesà (nominative plural)
ȍjese (genitive singular)
ojesù (dual genitive)
ojèsъ (genitive plural)
ȍjesi (dative singular)
ojesьmà (dative dual)
ojèsьmъ (dative plural)
ȍje (accusative singular)
ȍjesi (accusative dual)
ojesà (accusative plural)
ȍjesьmь (instrumental singular)
ojesьmà (dual instrumental)
ojesý (instrumental plural)
ȍjese (locative singular)
ojesù (dual locative)
ojèsьxъ (locative plural)
ȍje (singular vocative)
ȍjesi (dual vocative)
ojesà (plural vocative)
ȍje (nominative singular)
ȍji (dual nominative)
ojà (nominative plural)
ȍja (genitive singular)
ojù (dual genitive)
òjь (genitive plural)
ȍju (dative singular)
ojemà (dative dual)
ojémъ (dative plural)
ȍje (accusative singular)
ȍji (accusative dual)
ojà (accusative plural)
ȍjьmь (instrumental singular)
ȍjemь (instrumental singular)
ojemà (dual instrumental)
ojí (instrumental plural)
ȍji (locative singular)
ojù (dual locative)
ojíxъ (locative plural)
ȍje (singular vocative)
ȍji (dual vocative)
ojà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: вае́ (vajé) (dialectal)

Russian: воё (vojó), вое́ (vojé) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: вія́ (vijá), воє́ (vojé) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: уя́ f (ujá) (Eastern Rupian)

desc

⇒ Bulgarian: ои́ще (oíšte), вои́ще (voíšte, “tillerbar of plough”) (dialectal)

Macedonian: оје (oje, “hem, bar”) (Tetovo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̀је n; о́ја f (secondary)

Latin script: òje n; ója f (secondary)

Slovene: ojẹ̑ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: oje n, ojě f

Czech: oj m

Moravian (Mistřice): u̯oje

Old Polish: oje

⇒ Polish: wojnica (“rudderbar”)

Slovak: oje, ojo

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wójo

Upper Sorbian: wojo

Non-Slavic:

⇒ Romanian: oiște (“shaft, beam, pole of carriage”)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ajas, from Proto-Indo-European *Hóyh₁os (“pole, tiller”) (given as *h₂éyh₁os by Snoj), perhaps ultimately from *h₂ey- (“to push, to force”) or *h₃ey- (“to steer”) (classical reconstructions just give *ei-/*oi- “post, bar”). Cognate with Proto-Finnic *aisa (“pole”) (of Indo-European origin, possibly Balto-Slavic), Ancient Greek οἰήϊον (oiḗïon, “handle of rudder”), Hittite 𒄭𒅖𒊭𒀭 (ḫišša-, “carriage pole”), Sanskrit ईषा (īṣā, “plank, pole”), Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬀 (aēša, “plough”). Further akin via other suffixes to Lithuanian i̇́ena (“thill”), Proto-Germanic *airō (“oar”), Ancient Greek οἴᾱξ (oíāx, “helm”).

cog

ojesьnica

*ojesьnъ, *ojьnъ (referencial adjectives)


slaviti

slavľenьje (noun-from-verb)
slaviti (infinitive)
slavitъ (supine)
slavilъ (l-participle)
slavľenъ (participle passive past)
slavimъ (participle passive present)
slavľь (active participle past)
slavę (active participle present)
slavixъ (aorist first-person singular)
slavi (aorist second-person singular)
slavi (aorist singular third-person)
slavľǫ (first-person present singular)
slaviši (present second-person singular)
slavitь (present singular third-person)
slavixově (aorist dual first-person)
slavista (aorist dual second-person)
slaviste (aorist dual third-person)
slavivě (dual first-person present)
slavita (dual present second-person)
slavite (dual present third-person)
slavixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
slaviste (aorist plural second-person)
slavišę (aorist plural third-person)
slavimъ (first-person plural present)
slavite (plural present second-person)
slavętь (plural present third-person)
slavľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
slavľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
slavľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
slavi (imperative second-person singular)
slavi (imperative singular third-person)
slavľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
slavľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
slavľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
slavivě (dual first-person imperative)
slavita (dual imperative second-person)
slavľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
slavľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
slavľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
slavimъ (first-person imperative plural)
slavite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: сла́віць (slávicʹ)

Russian: сла́вить (slávitʹ)

Ukrainian: сла́вити (slávyty)

South Slavic

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: славити (slaviti)

Bulgarian: сла̀вя (slàvja)

Macedonian: слави (slavi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сла̏вити

Latin script: slȁviti

Slovene: slavíti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic

Czech: slavit

Polish: sławić

Old Slovak:

Pannonian Rusyn: славиц (slavic)

Slovak: slaviť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: sławić

Lower Sorbian: sławiś


divica

divica (nominative singular)
divici (dual nominative)
divicę̇ (nominative plural)
divicę̇ (genitive singular)
divicu (dual genitive)
divicь (genitive plural)
divici (dative singular)
divicama (dative dual)
divicamъ (dative plural)
divicǫ (accusative singular)
divici (accusative dual)
divicę̇ (accusative plural)
divicejǫ (instrumental singular)
divicǫ (instrumental singular)
divicama (dual instrumental)
divicami (instrumental plural)
divici (locative singular)
divicu (dual locative)
divicasъ (locative plural)
divicaxъ (locative plural)
divice (singular vocative)
divici (dual vocative)
divicę̇ (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian: (dialectal)

Cyrillic script: дѝвица

Latin script: dìvica

West Slavic:

Czech: divice

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: dźiwica

Upper Sorbian: źiwica

(West and South Slavic) wildling (about person or plant)


staja

stàja (canonical feminine)
staja (nominative singular)
stàji (dual nominative)
stàję̇ (nominative plural)
stàję̇ (genitive singular)
stàju (dual genitive)
stàjь (genitive plural)
stàjī (dative singular)
stàjama (dative dual)
stàjāmъ (dative plural)
stàjǫ (accusative singular)
stàji (accusative dual)
stàję̇ (accusative plural)
stàjējǫ (instrumental singular)
stàjǭ (instrumental singular)
stàjama (dual instrumental)
stàjāmī (instrumental plural)
stàjī (locative singular)
stàju (dual locative)
stàjāsъ (locative plural)
stàje (singular vocative)
stàji (dual vocative)
stàję̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: стаꙗ (staja)

Belarusian: ста́я (stája, “herd”), ста́йня (stájnja, “stable”)

→ Lithuanian: stai̇̃nė (“stable”)

Russian: ста́я (stája, “herd, flock”)

desc

Ukrainian: ста́я (stája, “shepherd's hut”), ста́йня (stájnja, “stable”)

South Slavic

Old Church Slavonic: стаꙗ (staja)

Bulgarian: ста́я (stája, “room”)

Macedonian: стаја (staja) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ста̏ја

Latin script: stȁja

Slovene: stája (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: stájě

Czech: stáj m or f (standard), stáje f (alternative)

Old Slovak: staja, stajňa

Slovak: stajňa

Object noun of *stati (“to stand”) + *-ja. Related to Lithuanian stójus (rare), stoti̇̀s (“station”) and further akin to Proto-Germanic *stiją (“sty, shelter”).
A homomorphous resultant noun is attested in Polish staja f, staje n (“span, unit of measure”), Ukrainian ста́я (stája, “id.”).

→ herd, flock (East Slavic)

(by extension) sty, barn, stable (stall for livestock)


ličiti

ličenьje (noun-from-verb)
ličiti (infinitive)
ličitъ (supine)
ličilъ (l-participle)
ličenъ (participle passive past)
ličimъ (participle passive present)
ličь (active participle past)
ličę (active participle present)
ličixъ (aorist first-person singular)
liči (aorist second-person singular)
liči (aorist singular third-person)
ličǫ (first-person present singular)
ličiši (present second-person singular)
ličitь (present singular third-person)
ličixově (aorist dual first-person)
ličista (aorist dual second-person)
ličiste (aorist dual third-person)
ličivě (dual first-person present)
ličita (dual present second-person)
ličite (dual present third-person)
ličixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
ličiste (aorist plural second-person)
ličišę (aorist plural third-person)
ličimъ (first-person plural present)
ličite (plural present second-person)
ličętь (plural present third-person)
ličaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
ličaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
ličaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
liči (imperative second-person singular)
liči (imperative singular third-person)
ličaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
ličaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
ličaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
ličivě (dual first-person imperative)
ličita (dual imperative second-person)
ličaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
ličaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
ličaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
ličimъ (first-person imperative plural)
ličite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: личити (ličiti)

Belarusian: лічы́ць (ličýcʹ)

Russian: ли́чить (líčitʹ), -личи́ть (-ličítʹ)

Ukrainian: лічи́ти (ličýty)

South Slavic

Old Church Slavonic:

Russian Church Slavonic: личити (ličiti)

Bulgarian: лича́ (ličá)

Macedonian: личи (liči)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: лѝчити, ли́чити

Latin script: lìčiti, líčiti

Slovene: líčiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic

Old Czech: líčiti

Czech: líčit

desctree

Old Polish: liczyć
Polish: liczyć
Silesian: liczyć

Slovak: líčiť

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: liczëc

Slovincian: lëczic

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: licyś

Upper Sorbian: ličić

From *likъ (“face”) + *-iti (“denominal suffix”).
The "reveal" and "count" senses are semantic extensions of the "befit, resemble" sense, via "befit (face)" > "show one's face" > "reveal, divulge" > "count, keep score".


tajiti

tajìti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
tajenьje (noun-from-verb)
tajiti (infinitive)
tajitъ (supine)
tajilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
tajenъ (participle passive past)
tajimъ (participle passive present)
tajь (active participle past)
taję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
tajixъ (aorist first-person singular)
taji (aorist second-person singular)
taji (aorist singular third-person)
tajǫ (first-person present singular)
tajiši (present second-person singular)
tajitь (present singular third-person)
tajixově (aorist dual first-person)
tajista (aorist dual second-person)
tajiste (aorist dual third-person)
tajivě (dual first-person present)
tajita (dual present second-person)
tajite (dual present third-person)
tajixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tajiste (aorist plural second-person)
tajišę (aorist plural third-person)
tajimъ (first-person plural present)
tajite (plural present second-person)
tajętь (plural present third-person)
tajaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tajaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tajaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
taji (imperative second-person singular)
taji (imperative singular third-person)
tajaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tajaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tajaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tajivě (dual first-person imperative)
tajita (dual imperative second-person)
tajaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tajaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tajaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
tajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: таити (taiti), 1sg. таю (taju)

Belarusian: таі́ць (taícʹ)

Russian: таи́ть (taítʹ)

Ukrainian: таї́ти (tajíty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: таити (taiti)

Glagolitic: ⱅⰰⰹⱅⰹ (taiti)

Bulgarian: тая́ (tajá), 2p. таи́ш (taíš)

Macedonian: таи (tai)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: та́јити

Latin script: tájiti

Slovene: tajíti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: tajiti

Czech: tajit

Old Polish: taić

Polish: taić

Slovak: tajiť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: tajić, 1sg. taju

Lower Sorbian: tajiś

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)teh₂y-. Cognate with Hittite [script needed] (tāyezzi), [script needed] (tāyazzi, “to steal”), Old Irish táid (“thief”), Sanskrit तायु (tāyu, “thief”), Avestan 𐬙𐬁𐬫𐬎 (tāyu, “thief”), Ancient Greek τητάω (tētáō, “to deprive”), τηΰσιος (tēǘsios, “deceptive, (in) vain”) (Doric τᾱΰσιος (tāǘsios)), etc.

cog

secret compartment; mysterious; sacrament

tajьnъ*tajьnikъ ()*tajьnьstvenъ ()*tajьnьstvo ()


buniti

bujiti (imperfective)
buňenьje (noun-from-verb)
buniti (infinitive)
bunitъ (supine)
bunilъ (l-participle)
buňenъ (participle passive past)
buňь (active participle past)
bunixъ (aorist first-person singular)
buni (aorist second-person singular)
buni (aorist singular third-person)
buňǫ (first-person present singular)
buniši (present second-person singular)
bunitь (present singular third-person)
bunixově (aorist dual first-person)
bunista (aorist dual second-person)
buniste (aorist dual third-person)
bunivě (dual first-person present)
bunita (dual present second-person)
bunite (dual present third-person)
bunixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
buniste (aorist plural second-person)
bunišę (aorist plural third-person)
bunimъ (first-person plural present)
bunite (plural present second-person)
bunętь (plural present third-person)
buni (imperative second-person singular)
buni (imperative singular third-person)
bunivě (dual first-person imperative)
bunita (dual imperative second-person)
bunimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bunite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: буни́ть (bunítʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: буня́ (bunjá)

Macedonian: буни (buni)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бу́нити

Latin script: búniti

Formed as *buna (“excitation; riot”) + *-iti, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewH- (“to inflate, to grow”) and partially from the onomatopoeic *bew- (“to howl, to storm”).

inh

(by extension) → to rebel, to riot


barina

barina (nominative singular)
barině (dual nominative)
bariny (nominative plural)
bariny (genitive singular)
barinu (dual genitive)
barinъ (genitive plural)
barině (dative singular)
barinama (dative dual)
barinamъ (dative plural)
barinǫ (accusative singular)
barině (accusative dual)
bariny (accusative plural)
barinojǫ (instrumental singular)
barinǫ (instrumental singular)
barinama (dual instrumental)
barinami (instrumental plural)
barině (locative singular)
barinu (dual locative)
barinasъ (locative plural)
barinaxъ (locative plural)
barino (singular vocative)
barině (dual vocative)
bariny (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ба̏рина

Latin script: bȁrina

West Slavic:

Old Czech: bařina

Czech: bařina

desctree

⇒ Czech: bažina
→ Silesian: barzina
→ Upper Sorbian: bažina

Slovak: barina


mazati

màzati (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
mazanьje (noun-from-verb)
mazati (infinitive)
mazatъ (supine)
mazalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
mazanъ (participle passive past)
mažemъ (participle passive present)
mazavъ (active participle past)
mažę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
mazaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
maza (aorist second-person singular)
maza (aorist singular third-person)
mažǫ (first-person present singular)
mažeši (present second-person singular)
mažetь (present singular third-person)
mazaxově (aorist dual first-person)
mazasta (aorist dual second-person)
mazaste (aorist dual third-person)
maževě (dual first-person present)
mažeta (dual present second-person)
mažete (dual present third-person)
mazaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mazaste (aorist plural second-person)
mazašę (aorist plural third-person)
mažemъ (first-person plural present)
mažete (plural present second-person)
mažǫtь (plural present third-person)
mazaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mazaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mazaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
maži (imperative second-person singular)
maži (imperative singular third-person)
mazaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mazaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mazaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
maživě (dual first-person imperative)
mažita (dual imperative second-person)
mazaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mazaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mazaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mažimъ (first-person imperative plural)
mažite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мазати (mazati)

Belarusian: ма́заць (mázacʹ)

Russian: ма́зать (mázatʹ)

Ukrainian: ма́зати (mázaty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мазати (mazati)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: ма́жа (máža)

Macedonian: máž́am (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ма̏зати

Latin script: mȁzati

Slovene: mázati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mazati

Czech: mazat

Kashubian: mazac

Polabian: mozę (3sg.)

Old Polish: mazać

Polish: mazać

Slovak: mazať

Slovincian: mazac

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: mazać

Lower Sorbian: mazaś

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: mazac (regional)

Unclear.
* Derksen proposes two possibilities:
*# From Proto-Balto-Slavic *mōˀź-, cognate with Lithuanian mė́žti (“to muck out”), Latvian mêzt (“to muck out, to sweep”), mõzêt (“to gobble, to pound, to fool, to harass, to beat”).
*# Cognate with Ancient Greek μάσσω (mássō, “to knead”) (aorist passive μαγῆναι (magênai)), Old Armenian մածանիմ (macanim, “to thicken, to stick together”), English make, from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂ǵ-.
* Vasmer and Chernykh believe that both of the previous possibilities reflect the same PIE root, which underlies this term.


paǫkъ

pàǭkъ (canonical masculine)
pàǭkъ (nominative singular)
pàǭka (dual nominative)
pàǭci (nominative plural)
pàǭka (genitive singular)
pàǭku (dual genitive)
pàǭkъ (genitive plural)
pàǭku (dative singular)
pàǭkoma (dative dual)
pàǭkomъ (dative plural)
pàǭkъ (accusative singular)
pàǭka (accusative dual)
pàǭky (accusative plural)
pàǭkъmь (instrumental singular)
pàǭkomь (instrumental singular)
pàǭkoma (dual instrumental)
pàǭkȳ (instrumental plural)
pàǭcě (locative singular)
pàǭku (dual locative)
pàǭcě̄xъ (locative plural)
pàǭče (singular vocative)
pàǭka (dual vocative)
pàǭci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: паѫкъ (paǫkŭ), паукъ (paukŭ)

Old Ruthenian: пау́къ (paúk), паву́къ (pavúk)

Belarusian: паву́к (pavúk)

Ukrainian: паву́к (pavúk)

Middle Russian: пау́къ (paúk)

Russian: пау́к (paúk)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: паѭкъ (pajǫkŭ), паѫкъ (paǫkŭ)

Glagolitic: ⱂⰰⱘⰽⱏ (paǫkŭ)

Bulgarian: па́як (pájak), па́янк (pájank), па́йонк (pájonk), па́енк (páenk)

Macedonian: пајак (pajak)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: па̏ӯк

Latin script: pȁūk

Slovene: pȃjək (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: paúk

Czech: pavouk

Kashubian: pajk

Polabian: pojąk

Polish: pająk

Silesian: pajōnk

Slovak: pavúk

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pawk

Upper Sorbian: pawk

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: pók

→ Aromanian: pangu

From *pà- + *ǫ̀kъ (“hook”); the second component is related to *ǫkotь (“hook”).


drozdъ

drȍzdъ (canonical)
dròzdъ (canonical masculine)
drȍzdъ (nominative singular)
drȍzda (dual nominative)
drȍzdi (nominative plural)
drȍzda (genitive singular)
drozdù (dual genitive)
dròzdъ (genitive plural)
drȍzdu (dative singular)
drozdomà (dative dual)
drozdòmъ (dative plural)
drȍzdъ (accusative singular)
drȍzda (accusative dual)
drȍzdy (accusative plural)
drȍzdъmь (instrumental singular)
drȍzdomь (instrumental singular)
drozdomà (dual instrumental)
drozdý (instrumental plural)
drȍzdě (locative singular)
drozdù (dual locative)
drozdě̃xъ (locative plural)
drozde (singular vocative)
drȍzda (dual vocative)
drȍzdi (plural vocative)
dròzdъ (nominative singular)
drozdà (dual nominative)
drozdì (nominative plural)
drozdà (genitive singular)
drozdù (dual genitive)
dròzdъ (genitive plural)
drozdù (dative singular)
drozdòma (dative dual)
drozdòmъ (dative plural)
dròzdъ (accusative singular)
drozdà (accusative dual)
drozdỳ (accusative plural)
drozdъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
drozdòmь (instrumental singular)
drozdòma (dual instrumental)
dròzdy (instrumental plural)
drozdě̀ (locative singular)
drozdù (dual locative)
dròzděxъ (locative plural)
drozde (singular vocative)
drozdà (dual vocative)
drozdì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: дрозд (drozd)

Russian: дрозд (drozd)

Ukrainian: дрізд (drizd)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: дрозд (drozd)

Macedonian: дрозд (drozd)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дро̏зд

Latin script: drȍzd

Slovene: drọ̑zd (rare), drọ̑zg

West Slavic:

Old Czech: drozd

Czech: drozd

Bohemian (Chod dialect): zdrozda f

Old Polish: drozd

Polish: drozd

Slovak: drozd

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: drózn, drózna

Lower Sorbian: drozn

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *trasdás, from Proto-Indo-European *trósdos. Balto-Slavic cognates include Lithuanian strãzdas, Latvian strazds, Old Prussian tresde. Indo-European cognates include Latin turdus, Old Irish truit, Old Norse þrǫstr, English thrush.


nozdra

nozdrà (canonical feminine)
nozdrà (nominative singular)
nȍzdrě (dual nominative)
nȍzdry (nominative plural)
nozdrý (genitive singular)
nozdrù (dual genitive)
nòzdrъ (genitive plural)
nozdrě̀ (dative singular)
nozdràma (dative dual)
nozdràmъ (dative plural)
nȍzdrǫ (accusative singular)
nȍzdrě (accusative dual)
nȍzdry (accusative plural)
nozdrojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
nozdràma (dual instrumental)
nozdràmi (instrumental plural)
nȍzdrě (locative singular)
nozdrù (dual locative)
nozdràsъ (locative plural)
nozdràxъ (locative plural)
nozdro (singular vocative)
nȍzdrě (dual vocative)
nȍzdry (plural vocative)
*nozdřa (alternative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: ноздрꙗ (nozdrja)
Old Ruthenian: ноздрꙗ (nozdrja), ноздра (nozdra)
Belarusian: наздра́ (nazdrá)
Carpathian Rusyn: ну́здря (núzdrja)
Ukrainian: ні́здря (nízdrja)
Russian: ноздря́ (nozdrjá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ноздри (nozdri) (plurale tantum)

desc

Bulgarian: но́здра (nózdra), но́здря (nózdrja)

Macedonian: но́здра (nózdra)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: но̏здрва

Latin script: nȍzdrva

Slovene: nọ̑zdra (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: nozdra

Old Polish: nozdrza

Polish: nozdrze

Slovak: nozdra

From *nȍzdьřa, hypothetically from a Pre-slavic form such as *nasdirjā, apparently from *nȍsъ (“nose”) + *dьràti (“to tear, to flay; to cut into pieces”).