tvьrdъ

tvь̑rdъ (canonical)
tvьrdъ (masculine nominative singular)
tvьrda (feminine nominative singular)
tvьrdo (neuter nominative singular)
tvьrda (genitive masculine singular)
tvьrdy (feminine genitive singular)
tvьrda (genitive neuter singular)
tvьrdu (dative masculine singular)
tvьrdě (dative feminine singular)
tvьrdu (dative neuter singular)
tvьrdъ (accusative masculine singular)
tvьrdǫ (accusative feminine singular)
tvьrdo (accusative neuter singular)
tvьrdomь (instrumental masculine singular)
tvьrdojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
tvьrdomь (instrumental neuter singular)
tvьrdě (locative masculine singular)
tvьrdě (feminine locative singular)
tvьrdě (locative neuter singular)
tvьrde (masculine singular vocative)
tvьrdo (feminine singular vocative)
tvьrdo (neuter singular vocative)
tvьrda (dual masculine nominative)
tvьrdě (dual feminine nominative)
tvьrdě (dual neuter nominative)
tvьrdu (dual genitive masculine)
tvьrdu (dual feminine genitive)
tvьrdu (dual genitive neuter)
tvьrdoma (dative dual masculine)
tvьrdama (dative dual feminine)
tvьrdoma (dative dual neuter)
tvьrda (accusative dual masculine)
tvьrdě (accusative dual feminine)
tvьrdě (accusative dual neuter)
tvьrdoma (dual instrumental masculine)
tvьrdama (dual feminine instrumental)
tvьrdoma (dual instrumental neuter)
tvьrdu (dual locative masculine)
tvьrdu (dual feminine locative)
tvьrdu (dual locative neuter)
tvьrda (dual masculine vocative)
tvьrdě (dual feminine vocative)
tvьrdě (dual neuter vocative)
tvьrdi (masculine nominative plural)
tvьrdy (feminine nominative plural)
tvьrda (neuter nominative plural)
tvьrdъ (genitive masculine plural)
tvьrdъ (feminine genitive plural)
tvьrdъ (genitive neuter plural)
tvьrdomъ (dative masculine plural)
tvьrdamъ (dative feminine plural)
tvьrdomъ (dative neuter plural)
tvьrdy (accusative masculine plural)
tvьrdy (accusative feminine plural)
tvьrda (accusative neuter plural)
tvьrdy (instrumental masculine plural)
tvьrdami (feminine instrumental plural)
tvьrdy (instrumental neuter plural)
tvьrděxъ (locative masculine plural)
tvьrdaxъ (feminine locative plural)
tvьrděxъ (locative neuter plural)
tvьrdi (masculine plural vocative)
tvьrdy (feminine plural vocative)
tvьrda (neuter plural vocative)
tvьrdъjь (masculine nominative singular)
tvьrdaja (feminine nominative singular)
tvьrdoje (neuter nominative singular)
tvьrdajego (genitive masculine singular)
tvьrdyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
tvьrdajego (genitive neuter singular)
tvьrdujemu (dative masculine singular)
tvьrději (dative feminine singular)
tvьrdujemu (dative neuter singular)
tvьrdъjь (accusative masculine singular)
tvьrdǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
tvьrdoje (accusative neuter singular)
tvьrdyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
tvьrdǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
tvьrdyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
tvьrdějemь (locative masculine singular)
tvьrději (feminine locative singular)
tvьrdějemь (locative neuter singular)
tvьrdъjь (masculine singular vocative)
tvьrdaja (feminine singular vocative)
tvьrdoje (neuter singular vocative)
tvьrdaja (dual masculine nominative)
tvьrději (dual feminine nominative)
tvьrději (dual neuter nominative)
tvьrduju (dual genitive masculine)
tvьrduju (dual feminine genitive)
tvьrduju (dual genitive neuter)
tvьrdyjima (dative dual masculine)
tvьrdyjima (dative dual feminine)
tvьrdyjima (dative dual neuter)
tvьrdaja (accusative dual masculine)
tvьrději (accusative dual feminine)
tvьrději (accusative dual neuter)
tvьrdyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
tvьrdyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
tvьrdyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
tvьrduju (dual locative masculine)
tvьrduju (dual feminine locative)
tvьrduju (dual locative neuter)
tvьrdaja (dual masculine vocative)
tvьrději (dual feminine vocative)
tvьrději (dual neuter vocative)
tvьrdiji (masculine nominative plural)
tvьrdyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
tvьrdaja (neuter nominative plural)
tvьrdъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
tvьrdъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
tvьrdъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
tvьrdyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
tvьrdyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
tvьrdyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
tvьrdyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
tvьrdyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
tvьrdaja (accusative neuter plural)
tvьrdyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
tvьrdyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
tvьrdyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
tvьrdyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
tvьrdyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
tvьrdyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
tvьrdiji (masculine plural vocative)
tvьrdyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
tvьrdaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: твьрдъ (tvĭrdŭ)

Old Ruthenian: твердый (tverdyj)

Belarusian: цвёрды (cvjórdy)

Carpathian Rusyn: твердый (tverdŷj)

Ukrainian: тверди́й (tverdýj)

Russian: твёрдый (tvjórdyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: тврьдъ (tvrĭdŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱅⰲⱃⱐⰴⱏ (tvrĭdŭ)

Bulgarian: твърд (tvǎrd)

Macedonian: тврд (tvrd)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: твр̑д

Latin script: tvȓd

Slovene: tȓd (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: cwiardi

Old Czech: tvrdý

Czech: tvrdý

Polabian: ťordĕ

Old Polish: twardy

Polish: twardy

Slovak: tvrdý

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: twjerdy

Lower Sorbian: twardy

→ Middle High German: quarz

German: Quarz (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *twírtas, from Proto-Indo-European *twerH-.
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian tvi̇̀rtas, Latvian tvir̂ts (“strong, firm, solid”).


čьrta

čьrtà (canonical feminine)
čьrtà (nominative singular)
čь̃rtě (dual nominative)
čьrtỳ (nominative plural)
čьrtỳ (genitive singular)
čьrtù (dual genitive)
čь̃rtъ (genitive plural)
čьrtě̀ (dative singular)
čьrtàma (dative dual)
čьrtàmъ (dative plural)
čьrtǫ̀ (accusative singular)
čь̃rtě (accusative dual)
čьrtỳ (accusative plural)
čьrtòjǫ (instrumental singular)
čь̃rtǫ (instrumental singular)
čьrtàma (dual instrumental)
čьrtàmī (instrumental plural)
čьrtě̀ (locative singular)
čьrtù (dual locative)
čьrtàsъ (locative plural)
čьrtàxъ (locative plural)
čьrto (singular vocative)
čь̃rtě (dual vocative)
čьrtỳ (plural vocative)

East Slavic: чьрта (čĭrta), чрьта (črĭta), черта (čerta)

Belarusian: черта́ (čjertá)

Russian: черта́ (čertá)

→ Polish: czerta

Ukrainian: черта́ (čertá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: чрьта (črĭta)

Glagolitic: ⱍⱃⱐⱅⰰ (črĭta)

desc

Bulgarian: черта́ (čertá), чърта́ (čǎrtá)

Macedonian: цр́та (cŕta)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: цр̏та

Latin script: cȑta

Slovene: čŕta (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: črta

Slovak: črta

* Derksen: from *krt.
* Černyx: from *kirt-ā, from Proto-Indo-European root *(s)ker-t-
Compare Sanskrit कृता (kṛtā).


dobъ

dobъ (masculine nominative singular)
doba (feminine nominative singular)
dobo (neuter nominative singular)
doba (genitive masculine singular)
doby (feminine genitive singular)
doba (genitive neuter singular)
dobu (dative masculine singular)
době (dative feminine singular)
dobu (dative neuter singular)
dobъ (accusative masculine singular)
dobǫ (accusative feminine singular)
dobo (accusative neuter singular)
dobomь (instrumental masculine singular)
dobojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
dobomь (instrumental neuter singular)
době (locative masculine singular)
době (feminine locative singular)
době (locative neuter singular)
dobe (masculine singular vocative)
dobo (feminine singular vocative)
dobo (neuter singular vocative)
doba (dual masculine nominative)
době (dual feminine nominative)
době (dual neuter nominative)
dobu (dual genitive masculine)
dobu (dual feminine genitive)
dobu (dual genitive neuter)
doboma (dative dual masculine)
dobama (dative dual feminine)
doboma (dative dual neuter)
doba (accusative dual masculine)
době (accusative dual feminine)
době (accusative dual neuter)
doboma (dual instrumental masculine)
dobama (dual feminine instrumental)
doboma (dual instrumental neuter)
dobu (dual locative masculine)
dobu (dual feminine locative)
dobu (dual locative neuter)
doba (dual masculine vocative)
době (dual feminine vocative)
době (dual neuter vocative)
dobi (masculine nominative plural)
doby (feminine nominative plural)
doba (neuter nominative plural)
dobъ (genitive masculine plural)
dobъ (feminine genitive plural)
dobъ (genitive neuter plural)
dobomъ (dative masculine plural)
dobamъ (dative feminine plural)
dobomъ (dative neuter plural)
doby (accusative masculine plural)
doby (accusative feminine plural)
doba (accusative neuter plural)
doby (instrumental masculine plural)
dobami (feminine instrumental plural)
doby (instrumental neuter plural)
doběxъ (locative masculine plural)
dobaxъ (feminine locative plural)
doběxъ (locative neuter plural)
dobi (masculine plural vocative)
doby (feminine plural vocative)
doba (neuter plural vocative)
dobъjь (masculine nominative singular)
dobaja (feminine nominative singular)
doboje (neuter nominative singular)
dobajego (genitive masculine singular)
dobyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
dobajego (genitive neuter singular)
dobujemu (dative masculine singular)
doběji (dative feminine singular)
dobujemu (dative neuter singular)
dobъjь (accusative masculine singular)
dobǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
doboje (accusative neuter singular)
dobyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
dobǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
dobyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
dobějemь (locative masculine singular)
doběji (feminine locative singular)
dobějemь (locative neuter singular)
dobъjь (masculine singular vocative)
dobaja (feminine singular vocative)
doboje (neuter singular vocative)
dobaja (dual masculine nominative)
doběji (dual feminine nominative)
doběji (dual neuter nominative)
dobuju (dual genitive masculine)
dobuju (dual feminine genitive)
dobuju (dual genitive neuter)
dobyjima (dative dual masculine)
dobyjima (dative dual feminine)
dobyjima (dative dual neuter)
dobaja (accusative dual masculine)
doběji (accusative dual feminine)
doběji (accusative dual neuter)
dobyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
dobyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
dobyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
dobuju (dual locative masculine)
dobuju (dual feminine locative)
dobuju (dual locative neuter)
dobaja (dual masculine vocative)
doběji (dual feminine vocative)
doběji (dual neuter vocative)
dobiji (masculine nominative plural)
dobyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
dobaja (neuter nominative plural)
dobъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
dobъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
dobъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
dobyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
dobyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
dobyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
dobyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
dobyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
dobaja (accusative neuter plural)
dobyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
dobyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
dobyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
dobyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
dobyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
dobyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
dobiji (masculine plural vocative)
dobyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
dobaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: dial. добо́й (dobój), доб (dob), доб-здоров (dob-zdorov), доб-парень (dob-parenʹ)

Ukrainian: dial. до́бий (dóbyj)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dabas, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₂ebʰ-o-s, from *dʰh₂ebʰ- (“to model, to fashion”). Cognate with Latvian daba (“nature”), Lithuanian dabà (“habit, characteristic”).


ščitъ

ščĩtъ (canonical masculine)
ščĩtъ (nominative singular)
ščītà (dual nominative)
ščītì (nominative plural)
ščītà (genitive singular)
ščītù (dual genitive)
ščĩtъ (genitive plural)
ščītù (dative singular)
ščītòma (dative dual)
ščītòmъ (dative plural)
ščĩtъ (accusative singular)
ščītà (accusative dual)
ščītỳ (accusative plural)
ščītъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
ščītòmь (instrumental singular)
ščītòma (dual instrumental)
ščĩty (instrumental plural)
ščītě̀ (locative singular)
ščītù (dual locative)
ščĩtěxъ (locative plural)
ščite (singular vocative)
ščītà (dual vocative)
ščītì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: щитъ (ščitŭ)

Belarusian: шчыт (ščyt)

Russian: щит (ščit)

Carpathian Rusyn: щит (ščyt)

Ukrainian: щит (ščyt)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: щитъ (štitŭ)

Glagolitic: ⱋⰻⱅⱏ (štitŭ)

Bulgarian: щит (štit)

Macedonian: штит (štit)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: шти̑т

Latin script: štȋt

Slovene: ščȋt (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: ščít

Czech: štít

Kashubian: szczit

Old Polish: szczyt

Polish: szczyt

Old Slovak: ščít, štít

Pannonian Rusyn: щит (ščit)

Slovak: štít

Slovincian: szczyt

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: škit

Lower Sorbian: šćit

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *skeitas, *skaita-, from Proto-Indo-European *skey-to-m, from *skey- (“to cut, separate”).
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian skiẽtas (“reed”), Latvian šķiêts (“reed”), šķieta (“goose sternum”), Old Prussian scaytan (“shield”).
Indo-European cognates include Latin scūtum (“shield”) from *skoytom; and Old Irish scíath (“shield”), Welsh ysgwyd (“shield”), Breton skoed (Old Breton skoit), all from Proto-Celtic *skeitos, from *skeytos.
Comparison with Proto-Germanic *skelduz (“shield”) is doubtful.


šujь

šȗjь (canonical)
šujь (masculine nominative singular)
šuja (feminine nominative singular)
šuje (neuter nominative singular)
šuja (genitive masculine singular)
šuję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
šuja (genitive neuter singular)
šuju (dative masculine singular)
šuji (dative feminine singular)
šuju (dative neuter singular)
šujь (accusative masculine singular)
šujǫ (accusative feminine singular)
šuje (accusative neuter singular)
šujemь (instrumental masculine singular)
šujejǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
šujemь (instrumental neuter singular)
šuji (locative masculine singular)
šuji (feminine locative singular)
šuji (locative neuter singular)
šuju (masculine singular vocative)
šuje (feminine singular vocative)
šuje (neuter singular vocative)
šuja (dual masculine nominative)
šuji (dual feminine nominative)
šuji (dual neuter nominative)
šuju (dual genitive masculine)
šuju (dual feminine genitive)
šuju (dual genitive neuter)
šujema (dative dual masculine)
šujama (dative dual feminine)
šujema (dative dual neuter)
šuja (accusative dual masculine)
šuji (accusative dual feminine)
šuji (accusative dual neuter)
šujema (dual instrumental masculine)
šujama (dual feminine instrumental)
šujema (dual instrumental neuter)
šuju (dual locative masculine)
šuju (dual feminine locative)
šuju (dual locative neuter)
šuja (dual masculine vocative)
šuji (dual feminine vocative)
šuji (dual neuter vocative)
šuji (masculine nominative plural)
šuję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
šuja (neuter nominative plural)
šujь (genitive masculine plural)
šujь (feminine genitive plural)
šujь (genitive neuter plural)
šujemъ (dative masculine plural)
šujamъ (dative feminine plural)
šujemъ (dative neuter plural)
šuję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
šuję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
šuja (accusative neuter plural)
šuji (instrumental masculine plural)
šujami (feminine instrumental plural)
šuji (instrumental neuter plural)
šujixъ (locative masculine plural)
šujaxъ (feminine locative plural)
šujixъ (locative neuter plural)
šuji (masculine plural vocative)
šuję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
šuja (neuter plural vocative)
šujьjь (masculine nominative singular)
šujaja (feminine nominative singular)
šujeje (neuter nominative singular)
šujajego (genitive masculine singular)
šuję̇ję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
šujajego (genitive neuter singular)
šujujemu (dative masculine singular)
šujiji (dative feminine singular)
šujujemu (dative neuter singular)
šujьjь (accusative masculine singular)
šujǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
šujeje (accusative neuter singular)
šujijimь (instrumental masculine singular)
šujǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
šujijimь (instrumental neuter singular)
šujijemь (locative masculine singular)
šujiji (feminine locative singular)
šujijemь (locative neuter singular)
šujьjь (masculine singular vocative)
šujaja (feminine singular vocative)
šujeje (neuter singular vocative)
šujaja (dual masculine nominative)
šujiji (dual feminine nominative)
šujiji (dual neuter nominative)
šujuju (dual genitive masculine)
šujuju (dual feminine genitive)
šujuju (dual genitive neuter)
šujijima (dative dual masculine)
šujijima (dative dual feminine)
šujijima (dative dual neuter)
šujaja (accusative dual masculine)
šujiji (accusative dual feminine)
šujiji (accusative dual neuter)
šujijima (dual instrumental masculine)
šujijima (dual feminine instrumental)
šujijima (dual instrumental neuter)
šujuju (dual locative masculine)
šujuju (dual feminine locative)
šujuju (dual locative neuter)
šujaja (dual masculine vocative)
šujiji (dual feminine vocative)
šujiji (dual neuter vocative)
šujiji (masculine nominative plural)
šuję̇ję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
šujaja (neuter nominative plural)
šujьjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
šujьjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
šujьjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
šujijimъ (dative masculine plural)
šujijimъ (dative feminine plural)
šujijimъ (dative neuter plural)
šuję̇ję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
šuję̇ję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
šujaja (accusative neuter plural)
šujijimi (instrumental masculine plural)
šujijimi (feminine instrumental plural)
šujijimi (instrumental neuter plural)
šujijixъ (locative masculine plural)
šujijixъ (feminine locative plural)
šujijixъ (locative neuter plural)
šujiji (masculine plural vocative)
šuję̇ję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
šujaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: шуи (šui)

Old Ruthenian: шуй (šuj)

⇒ Ukrainian: шу́йбіч (šújbič)

Russian: шуй (šuj)

⇒ Russian: шу́йца (šújca)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

desc

Old Cyrillic script: шоуи (šui), шюи (šjui)

Glagolitic script: ⱎⱆⰺ (šui), ⱎⱓⰺ (šjui)

⇒ Old Cyrillic script: шоуица (šuica)

⇒ Glagolitic script: ⱎⱆⰺⱌⰰ (šuica)

Old Serbo-Croatian: šuj

Serbo-Croatian:

⇒ Cyrillic script: шувак

⇒ Latin script: šuvak

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: šȗj, šúja f (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desctree

Old Polish: szuja f
Polish: szuja, suja (Far Masovian)

From earlier *sjūju, inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sjaujás, from Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)sewyós.
Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit सव्य (savya, “left”), Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬊𐬎𐬎𐬀 (haouua), 𐬵𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬌𐬀 (haoiia), Middle Welsh aswy, aseu (“left”) (*adsewyo-, *adsewo-).


kъrkъ

kъrkъ (nominative singular)
kъrka (dual nominative)
kъrci (nominative plural)
kъrka (genitive singular)
kъrku (dual genitive)
kъrkъ (genitive plural)
kъrku (dative singular)
kъrkoma (dative dual)
kъrkomъ (dative plural)
kъrkъ (accusative singular)
kъrka (accusative dual)
kъrky (accusative plural)
kъrkъmь (instrumental singular)
kъrkomь (instrumental singular)
kъrkoma (dual instrumental)
kъrky (instrumental plural)
kъrcě (locative singular)
kъrku (dual locative)
kъrcěxъ (locative plural)
kъrče (singular vocative)
kъrka (dual vocative)
kъrci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: зако́рки f pl (zakórki)

Middle Ukrainian: коркъ (kork)

Ukrainian: курк (kurk)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: кръкъ (krŭkŭ)

Glagolitic: ⰽⱃⱏⰽⱏ (krŭkŭ)

Bulgarian: dial. крък (krǎk)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: dial. крк

Latin: dial. krk

West Slavic:

Kashubian: kark

Old Czech: krk

Czech: krk

Polabian: kork

Old Polish: kark

Polish: kark

Slovak: krk, dial. grg

Slovincian: kark

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kurkas, from Proto-Indo-European *kr̥kos, a k-extension of *(s)ker- (“to turn around”).
Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit कृकाट (kṛ́kāṭa), Gaulish cricon. Unconvincing with Old Norse kverk, Latin gurges, gurgulío.


kъrčьma

kъrčьma (nominative singular)
kъrčьmě (dual nominative)
kъrčьmy (nominative plural)
kъrčьmy (genitive singular)
kъrčьmu (dual genitive)
kъrčьmъ (genitive plural)
kъrčьmě (dative singular)
kъrčьmama (dative dual)
kъrčьmamъ (dative plural)
kъrčьmǫ (accusative singular)
kъrčьmě (accusative dual)
kъrčьmy (accusative plural)
kъrčьmojǫ (instrumental singular)
kъrčьmǫ (instrumental singular)
kъrčьmama (dual instrumental)
kъrčьmami (instrumental plural)
kъrčьmě (locative singular)
kъrčьmu (dual locative)
kъrčьmasъ (locative plural)
kъrčьmaxъ (locative plural)
kъrčьmo (singular vocative)
kъrčьmě (dual vocative)
kъrčьmy (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: кърчьма (kŭrčĭma), кръчьма (krŭčĭma), корчма (korčma), Корчома (Korčoma) (Russian)

East Slavic: кърчьма (kŭrčĭma), кръчьма (krŭčĭma), корчма (korčma), Корчома (Korčoma)

Belarusian: карчма́ (karčmá)

Russian: корчма́ (korčmá) (obsolete)

Ukrainian: ко́рчма́ (kórčmá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: кръчьма (krŭčĭma)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: кръ́чма (krǎ́čma)

Macedonian: крчма (krčma)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кр̏чма

Latin script: kȑčma

Slovene: kr̄čma (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: krčma

Czech: krčma

Kashubian: karczma

Old Polish: karczma, kaczma

Polish: karczma, dial. karč́ma, karcma, kačma

Old Slovak: karčma, kerčma, krčma

Pannonian Rusyn: карчма (karčma)

Slovak: krčma

Slovincian: karczma

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: korčma

Lower Sorbian: kjarcma

(Schleifer dialect): kercma

Non-Slavic:

→ Middle High German: kretscheme

German: Kretscham

→ Hungarian: kocsma, korcsma

→ Romani: katšima

→ German: Kaschemme

→ Romanian: cârciumă, crâșmă

→ Estonian: kõrts

Probably from *kъrčiti + *-ьma, from *kъrčь / *kъrča.


brutъ

brutъ (nominative singular)
bruta (dual nominative)
bruti (nominative plural)
bruta (genitive singular)
brutu (dual genitive)
brutъ (genitive plural)
brutu (dative singular)
brutoma (dative dual)
brutomъ (dative plural)
brutъ (accusative singular)
bruta (accusative dual)
bruty (accusative plural)
brutъmь (instrumental singular)
brutomь (instrumental singular)
brutoma (dual instrumental)
bruty (instrumental plural)
brutě (locative singular)
brutu (dual locative)
brutěxъ (locative plural)
brute (singular vocative)
bruta (dual vocative)
bruti (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: Church Slavonic: броутъ (brutŭ) (Serbian)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: брут (brut)

Macedonian: брут (brut)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бру̏т (dialectal)

Latin: brȕt

From earlier *bruktъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *brauktas, from *brauktei with depalatalization, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewḱ-.
Cognate with
Lithuanian braũktas,
Latvian braukts.


šidlo

šìdlo (canonical neuter)
šìdlo (nominative singular)
šìdlě (dual nominative)
šìdla (nominative plural)
šìdla (genitive singular)
šìdlu (dual genitive)
šìdlъ (genitive plural)
šìdlu (dative singular)
šìdloma (dative dual)
šìdlomъ (dative plural)
šìdlo (accusative singular)
šìdlě (accusative dual)
šìdla (accusative plural)
šìdlъmь (instrumental singular)
šìdlomь (instrumental singular)
šìdloma (dual instrumental)
šìdlȳ (instrumental plural)
šìdlě (locative singular)
šìdlu (dual locative)
šìdlě̄xъ (locative plural)
šìdlo (singular vocative)
šìdlě (dual vocative)
šìdla (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ши́ло (šílo)

Belarusian: шы́ла (šýla)

Russian: ши́ло (šílo)

Ukrainian: ши́ло (šýlo)

desc

Old Novgorodian: *ши́гло (*šíglo), ши́ло (šílo)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ши́ло (šílo)

Macedonian: шило (šilo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ши̏ло

Latin script: šȉlo

Slovene: šílo

West Slavic:

Old Czech: šídlo

Czech: šídlo

Bohemian (Chod dialect): šídlo

Polabian: saidlü

Old Polish: szydło

Polish: szydło

Slovak: šidlo

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: šidło

Lower Sorbian: šydło

From *šìti (“to sew”) + *-dlo.
Indo-European cognates include Latin sūbula (“awl”), Old High German siula (“awl, needle”).


rydlo

rỳdlo (canonical neuter)
rỳdlo (nominative singular)
rỳdlě (dual nominative)
rỳdla (nominative plural)
rỳdla (genitive singular)
rỳdlu (dual genitive)
rỳdlъ (genitive plural)
rỳdlu (dative singular)
rỳdloma (dative dual)
rỳdlomъ (dative plural)
rỳdlo (accusative singular)
rỳdlě (accusative dual)
rỳdla (accusative plural)
rỳdlъmь (instrumental singular)
rỳdlomь (instrumental singular)
rỳdloma (dual instrumental)
rỳdlȳ (instrumental plural)
rỳdlě (locative singular)
rỳdlu (dual locative)
rỳdlě̄xъ (locative plural)
rỳdlo (singular vocative)
rỳdlě (dual vocative)
rỳdla (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: рꙑло (rylo)

Belarusian: ры́ла (rýla)

Russian: ры́ло (rýlo)

→ Polish: ryło

Ukrainian: ри́ло (rýlo)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: рꙑло (rylo)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: ри́ло (rílo)

Macedonian: рило (rilo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ри̏ло

Latin script: rȉlo

Slovene: rílọ

West Slavic:

Czech: rydlo

Kashubian: ridel

Polish: rydel, rydla

Slovak: rydlo

From *ryti (“to dig, root”) + *-dlo.
Compare Latin rutrum (“shovel”), Latvian raûklis.


bidlo

bìdlo (canonical neuter)
bìdlo (nominative singular)
bìdlě (dual nominative)
bìdla (nominative plural)
bìdla (genitive singular)
bìdlu (dual genitive)
bìdlъ (genitive plural)
bìdlu (dative singular)
bìdloma (dative dual)
bìdlomъ (dative plural)
bìdlo (accusative singular)
bìdlě (accusative dual)
bìdla (accusative plural)
bìdlъmь (instrumental singular)
bìdlomь (instrumental singular)
bìdloma (dual instrumental)
bìdlȳ (instrumental plural)
bìdlě (locative singular)
bìdlu (dual locative)
bìdlě̄xъ (locative plural)
bìdlo (singular vocative)
bìdlě (dual vocative)
bìdla (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: било (bilo)

Belarusian: бі́ла (bíla)

Russian: dial. би́ло (bílo)

Ukrainian: би́ло (býlo)

Old Novgorodian: бигло (biglo)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: би́ло (bílo)

Macedonian: било (bilo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: би̏ло

Latin script: bȉlo

Slovene: bilo

West Slavic:

Czech: bidlo

Old Polish: bidło

Polish: bidło

Slovak: bidlo

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: bidmo

Lower Sorbian: bidło

From *biti (“to beat”) + *-dlo.
Indo-European cognates include Dutch beitel, Middle High German beiʒel, Norwegian dial. beitel, Ancient Greek φιτρός (phitrós).


dikъ

dikъ (masculine nominative singular)
dika (feminine nominative singular)
diko (neuter nominative singular)
dika (genitive masculine singular)
diky (feminine genitive singular)
dika (genitive neuter singular)
diku (dative masculine singular)
dicě (dative feminine singular)
diku (dative neuter singular)
dikъ (accusative masculine singular)
dikǫ (accusative feminine singular)
diko (accusative neuter singular)
dikomь (instrumental masculine singular)
dikojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
dikomь (instrumental neuter singular)
dicě (locative masculine singular)
dicě (feminine locative singular)
dicě (locative neuter singular)
diče (masculine singular vocative)
diko (feminine singular vocative)
diko (neuter singular vocative)
dika (dual masculine nominative)
dicě (dual feminine nominative)
dicě (dual neuter nominative)
diku (dual genitive masculine)
diku (dual feminine genitive)
diku (dual genitive neuter)
dikoma (dative dual masculine)
dikama (dative dual feminine)
dikoma (dative dual neuter)
dika (accusative dual masculine)
dicě (accusative dual feminine)
dicě (accusative dual neuter)
dikoma (dual instrumental masculine)
dikama (dual feminine instrumental)
dikoma (dual instrumental neuter)
diku (dual locative masculine)
diku (dual feminine locative)
diku (dual locative neuter)
dika (dual masculine vocative)
dicě (dual feminine vocative)
dicě (dual neuter vocative)
dici (masculine nominative plural)
diky (feminine nominative plural)
dika (neuter nominative plural)
dikъ (genitive masculine plural)
dikъ (feminine genitive plural)
dikъ (genitive neuter plural)
dikomъ (dative masculine plural)
dikamъ (dative feminine plural)
dikomъ (dative neuter plural)
diky (accusative masculine plural)
diky (accusative feminine plural)
dika (accusative neuter plural)
diky (instrumental masculine plural)
dikami (feminine instrumental plural)
diky (instrumental neuter plural)
dicěxъ (locative masculine plural)
dikaxъ (feminine locative plural)
dicěxъ (locative neuter plural)
dici (masculine plural vocative)
diky (feminine plural vocative)
dika (neuter plural vocative)
dikъjь (masculine nominative singular)
dikaja (feminine nominative singular)
dikoje (neuter nominative singular)
dikajego (genitive masculine singular)
dikyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
dikajego (genitive neuter singular)
dikujemu (dative masculine singular)
dicěji (dative feminine singular)
dikujemu (dative neuter singular)
dikъjь (accusative masculine singular)
dikǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
dikoje (accusative neuter singular)
dikyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
dikǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
dikyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
dicějemь (locative masculine singular)
dicěji (feminine locative singular)
dicějemь (locative neuter singular)
dikъjь (masculine singular vocative)
dikaja (feminine singular vocative)
dikoje (neuter singular vocative)
dikaja (dual masculine nominative)
dicěji (dual feminine nominative)
dicěji (dual neuter nominative)
dikuju (dual genitive masculine)
dikuju (dual feminine genitive)
dikuju (dual genitive neuter)
dikyjima (dative dual masculine)
dikyjima (dative dual feminine)
dikyjima (dative dual neuter)
dikaja (accusative dual masculine)
dicěji (accusative dual feminine)
dicěji (accusative dual neuter)
dikyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
dikyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
dikyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
dikuju (dual locative masculine)
dikuju (dual feminine locative)
dikuju (dual locative neuter)
dikaja (dual masculine vocative)
dicěji (dual feminine vocative)
dicěji (dual neuter vocative)
diciji (masculine nominative plural)
dikyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
dikaja (neuter nominative plural)
dikъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
dikъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
dikъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
dikyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
dikyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
dikyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
dikyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
dikyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
dikaja (accusative neuter plural)
dikyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
dikyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
dikyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
dikyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
dikyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
dikyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
diciji (masculine plural vocative)
dikyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
dikaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дикъ (dikŭ)

Old Ruthenian: дикїй (dikij), дикъ (dik)

Belarusian: дзі́кі (dzíki)

Ukrainian: ди́кий (dýkyj)

Russian: ди́кий (díkij)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: dzëwi

Polish: dziki

Slovak: diký

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: dźiki

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰiHkos > Proto-Balto-Slavic *dīkas > Early Slavic *dīkŭ > Late Slavic *dikъ. Cognates with Lithuanian dỹkas (“empty, idle, for free, vacant”), Latvian dīks (“empty, idle, inactive”), Proto-Albanian *dīkā, and possibly Ancient Greek σίκα (síka, “pig”) (Laconian dialect).


dikъ

dikъ (nominative singular)
dika (dual nominative)
dici (nominative plural)
dika (genitive singular)
diku (dual genitive)
dikъ (genitive plural)
diku (dative singular)
dikoma (dative dual)
dikomъ (dative plural)
dikъ (accusative singular)
dika (accusative dual)
diky (accusative plural)
dikъmь (instrumental singular)
dikomь (instrumental singular)
dikoma (dual instrumental)
diky (instrumental plural)
dicě (locative singular)
diku (dual locative)
dicěxъ (locative plural)
diče (singular vocative)
dika (dual vocative)
dici (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *дикъ (*dikŭ)

Old Ruthenian: дикъ (dik)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: dzëk

Polish: dzik


žьrdlo

žьrdlo (nominative singular)
žьrdlě (dual nominative)
žьrdla (nominative plural)
žьrdla (genitive singular)
žьrdlu (dual genitive)
žьrdlъ (genitive plural)
žьrdlu (dative singular)
žьrdloma (dative dual)
žьrdlomъ (dative plural)
žьrdlo (accusative singular)
žьrdlě (accusative dual)
žьrdla (accusative plural)
žьrdlъmь (instrumental singular)
žьrdlomь (instrumental singular)
žьrdloma (dual instrumental)
žьrdly (instrumental plural)
žьrdlě (locative singular)
žьrdlu (dual locative)
žьrdlěxъ (locative plural)
žьrdlo (singular vocative)
žьrdlě (dual vocative)
žьrdla (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: жьрло (žĭrlo), жерло (žerlo)

Belarusian: жэ́рла (žérla)

Russian: жерло́ (žerló)

Ukrainian: жорло́ (žorló)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ждрло

Latin script: ždrlo

West Slavic:

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: žórło

Ablaut variant of *žerdlo. Equivalent to *žerti + *-dlo.


opyšь

opyšь (nominative singular)
opyša (dual nominative)
opyši (nominative plural)
opyša (genitive singular)
opyšu (dual genitive)
opyšь (genitive plural)
opyšu (dative singular)
opyšema (dative dual)
opyšemъ (dative plural)
opyšь (accusative singular)
opyša (accusative dual)
opyšę̇ (accusative plural)
opyšьmь (instrumental singular)
opyšemь (instrumental singular)
opyšema (dual instrumental)
opyši (instrumental plural)
opyši (locative singular)
opyšu (dual locative)
opyšixъ (locative plural)
opyšu (singular vocative)
opyša (dual vocative)
opyši (plural vocative)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: opyš


pytati

pȳtàti (canonical)
b (accent-paradigm)
pytanьje (noun-from-verb)
pytati (infinitive)
pytatъ (supine)
pytalъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
pytanъ (participle passive past)
pytajemъ (participle passive present)
pytavъ (active participle past)
pytaję (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
pytaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
pyta (aorist second-person singular)
pyta (aorist singular third-person)
pytajǫ (first-person present singular)
pytaješi (present second-person singular)
pytajetь (present singular third-person)
pytaxově (aorist dual first-person)
pytasta (aorist dual second-person)
pytaste (aorist dual third-person)
pytajevě (dual first-person present)
pytajeta (dual present second-person)
pytajete (dual present third-person)
pytaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pytaste (aorist plural second-person)
pytašę (aorist plural third-person)
pytajemъ (first-person plural present)
pytajete (plural present second-person)
pytajǫtь (plural present third-person)
pytaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pytaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pytaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pytaji (imperative second-person singular)
pytaji (imperative singular third-person)
pytaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pytaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pytaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pytajivě (dual first-person imperative)
pytajita (dual imperative second-person)
pytaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pytaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pytaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pytajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
pytajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: пꙑтати (pytati)

Belarusian: пыта́ць (pytácʹ)

Russian: пыта́ть (pytátʹ, “to torture, (colloquial) to try”), 1sg. пыта́ю (pytáju)

Ukrainian: пита́ти (pytáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: пꙑтати (pytati, “to examine”), 1sg. пꙑтаѭ (pytajǫ)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: пи́там (pítam, “to ask”)

Macedonian: пита (pita)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пи́тати (“to ask”)

Latin script: pítati (“to ask”)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: pítati (“to ask”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. pȋtam (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: ptát

desctree

Old Polish: pytać
Polish: pytać
Silesian: pytać

Old Slovak: pýtať

Pannonian Rusyn: питац (pitac)

Slovak: pýtať (“to ask”)

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: pëtac

Slovincian: pëtac

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: pytać

Lower Sorbian: pytaś

From Proto-Indo-European *pew-. Cognate with Latin putāre (“to cut off branches, estimate, consider, think”), Tocharian A putk, as well as (without *-t-) Lithuanian piáuti, Latin paviō, Ancient Greek παίω (paíō), Albanian fus (“insert, put (something) in”).


gruzъ

gruzъ (nominative singular)
gruza (dual nominative)
gruzi (nominative plural)
gruza (genitive singular)
gruzu (dual genitive)
gruzъ (genitive plural)
gruzu (dative singular)
gruzoma (dative dual)
gruzomъ (dative plural)
gruzъ (accusative singular)
gruza (accusative dual)
gruzy (accusative plural)
gruzъmь (instrumental singular)
gruzomь (instrumental singular)
gruzoma (dual instrumental)
gruzy (instrumental plural)
gruzě (locative singular)
gruzu (dual locative)
gruzěxъ (locative plural)
gruze (singular vocative)
gruza (dual vocative)
gruzi (plural vocative)

West Slavic:

desc

Kashubian: gruz, gruzgòt (“crushed stone, broken bricks”)

Old Polish: gruz (“crushed stone, broken bricks”)

Polish: gruz (“crushed stone, broken stone”), pl. gruzy (“ruins”), dial. grus

→ Kashubian: gruzë, gruzgòtë (“ruins (calque)”)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *grauˀźas. Cognate with Lithuanian gráužas (“gravel, coarse sand”) (dialectally graũžas), Latvian gruži pl (“crushed stone”).


beržaninъ

beržaninъ (nominative singular)
beržanina (dual nominative)
beržane (nominative plural)
beržaninъ (accusative singular)
beržanina (accusative dual)
beržany (accusative plural)
beržaninа (genitive singular)
beržaninu (dual genitive)
beržanъ (genitive plural)
beržanině (locative singular)
beržaninu (dual locative)
beržanьxъ (locative plural)
beržaninu (dative singular)
beržaninoma (dative dual)
beržanьmъ (dative plural)
beržaninomь (instrumental singular)
beržaninoma (dual instrumental)
beržany (instrumental plural)
beržanine (singular vocative)
beržanina (dual vocative)
beržane (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: бережане pl (berežane)

Ukrainian: Бережане (Berežane, toponym)

desc

Russian: бережанин (berežanin), бережа́не pl (berežáne), бережа́на pl (berežána)

⇒ Russian: Бережани (Berežani, toponym)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бре̏жанин (obsolete), Бре̏жанӣн (personal name), Бре̏жа̄ни pl (toponym)

Latin script: brȅžanin (obsolete), Brȅžanīn (personal name), Brȅžāni pl (toponym)

Slovene: brežàn m, brežánka f

West Slavic:

Old Czech: břěžěnín

⇒ Old Czech: Břěžěné, Břěžany (toponyms)

Polish: (dated) brzeżanin

⇒ Polish: Brzeżany (toponym)

→ Czech: břežanin


Mojьslavъ

Mojьslàvъ (canonical masculine)
Mojьslavъ (nominative singular)
Mojьslava (dual nominative)
Mojьslavi (nominative plural)
Mojьslava (genitive singular)
Mojьslavu (dual genitive)
Mojьslavъ (genitive plural)
Mojьslavu (dative singular)
Mojьslavomъ (dative plural)
Mojьslavъ (accusative singular)
Mojьslava (accusative dual)
Mojьslavy (accusative plural)
Mojьslavy (instrumental plural)
Mojьslavě (locative singular)
Mojьslavu (dual locative)
Mojьslavěxъ (locative plural)
Mojьslave (singular vocative)
Mojьslava (dual vocative)
Mojьslavi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: Моисла́въ (Moislávŭ)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: Mojslav

From *mojь (“my”) + *slàva (“glory, fame”).


nerti

nьrtьje (noun-from-verb)
nerti (infinitive)
nertъ (supine)
nьrlъ (l-participle)
nьrtъ (participle passive past)
nьromъ (participle passive present)
nьrъ (active participle past)
nьry (active participle present)
nerxъ (aorist first-person singular)
ner (aorist second-person singular)
ner (aorist singular third-person)
nьrǫ (first-person present singular)
nьreši (present second-person singular)
nьretь (present singular third-person)
nerxově (aorist dual first-person)
nersta (aorist dual second-person)
nerste (aorist dual third-person)
nьrevě (dual first-person present)
nьreta (dual present second-person)
nьrete (dual present third-person)
nerxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
nerste (aorist plural second-person)
neršę (aorist plural third-person)
nьremъ (first-person plural present)
nьrete (plural present second-person)
nьrǫtь (plural present third-person)
nьrěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
nьrěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
nьrěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
nьri (imperative second-person singular)
nьri (imperative singular third-person)
nьrěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
nьrěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
nьrěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
nьrěvě (dual first-person imperative)
nьrěta (dual imperative second-person)
nьrěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
nьrěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
nьrěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
nьrěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
nьrěte (imperative plural second-person)

Church Slavonic: нерети (nereti), нрѣти (nrěti) (Russian), нрѣти (nrěti), нреши (nreši)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: нерети (nereti), нрѣти (nrěti)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: нерати, нерити

Latin: nerati, neriti

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *nerˀtei.
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian nérti (“to dive”)


xvoja

xvòja (canonical feminine)
xvoja (nominative singular)
xvoji (dual nominative)
xvoję̇ (nominative plural)
xvoję̇ (genitive singular)
xvoju (dual genitive)
xvojь (genitive plural)
xvoji (dative singular)
xvojama (dative dual)
xvojamъ (dative plural)
xvojǫ (accusative singular)
xvoji (accusative dual)
xvoję̇ (accusative plural)
xvojejǫ (instrumental singular)
xvojǫ (instrumental singular)
xvojama (dual instrumental)
xvojami (instrumental plural)
xvoji (locative singular)
xvoju (dual locative)
xvojasъ (locative plural)
xvojaxъ (locative plural)
xvoje (singular vocative)
xvoji (dual vocative)
xvoję̇ (plural vocative)
*xvojь (alternative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old Ruthenian: хво́ꙗ (xvója)
Belarusian: хво́я (xvója)
Ukrainian: хво́я (xvója); фо́я (fója) (dialectal)

Russian: хво́я (xvója); хвоя́ (xvojá, “long moss on the tree; small brushwood”) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: хво́ја (“branch”) (dialectal)

Latin script: hvója (“branch”) (dialectal)

desc

Slovene: hȏja, hvȏja (“spruce; conifer”); hovje (“needles or branches of conifer”) (archaic)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: chvojě (“needles or branches of conifer; conifer”)

Czech: chvoje (“needles or branches of conifer, brushwood”)

Bohemian (Chod dialect): chvůje (“needles or branches of conifer, brushwood”)

Polabian: χ́ǘöja (“pine tree”)

Polish: choja (“conifer, pine or spruce”); chwoja (“conifer, pine”) (archaic)

Old Slovak: chvoj

Slovak: chvoja (“young branches, a bunch of greens”), chvoj

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: khója (“pine tree”) (obsolete)

⇒ Lower Sorbian: chójanka (“young pine tree; spruce”)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *skwajāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *skwoy-eh₂, from *skwey- (“needle, prickle, thorn”).
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian skujà (“needle of a coniferous tree”), dial. skujà (“twig of a pine tree cone, fish-scale”), Latvian skuja (“needle of a fir-tree”).
Indo-European cognates include Old Irish scé (“hawthorn”), Scottish Gaelic sceathan (“thorn bush”), Breton spezad (“gooseberry”), Cornish spedhas f (“briars”), Welsh ysbyddad (“hawthorn”), Pictish *ᚄᚚᚔᚌᚐᚇ (/*spijad/, “thorn”) (from Proto-Celtic *skʷiyats).

cog

needles or branches of a coniferous tree


krydlo

krydlo (nominative singular)
krydlě (dual nominative)
krydla (nominative plural)
krydla (genitive singular)
krydlu (dual genitive)
krydlъ (genitive plural)
krydlu (dative singular)
krydloma (dative dual)
krydlomъ (dative plural)
krydlo (accusative singular)
krydlě (accusative dual)
krydla (accusative plural)
krydlъmь (instrumental singular)
krydlomь (instrumental singular)
krydloma (dual instrumental)
krydly (instrumental plural)
krydlě (locative singular)
krydlu (dual locative)
krydlěxъ (locative plural)
krydlo (singular vocative)
krydlě (dual vocative)
krydla (plural vocative)
*krydla (alternative)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: křidla

Czech: dial. křidla, škřidła

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: kšydło, kšyło

From *kryti (“to cover, hide”) + *-dlo and + *-dla.


cěditi

cědìti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
cěďenьje (noun-from-verb)
cěditi (infinitive)
cěditъ (supine)
cědilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
cěďenъ (participle passive past)
cědimъ (participle passive present)
cěďь (active participle past)
cědę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
cědixъ (aorist first-person singular)
cědi (aorist second-person singular)
cědi (aorist singular third-person)
cěďǫ (first-person present singular)
cědiši (present second-person singular)
cěditь (present singular third-person)
cědixově (aorist dual first-person)
cědista (aorist dual second-person)
cědiste (aorist dual third-person)
cědivě (dual first-person present)
cědita (dual present second-person)
cědite (dual present third-person)
cědixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
cědiste (aorist plural second-person)
cědišę (aorist plural third-person)
cědimъ (first-person plural present)
cědite (plural present second-person)
cědętь (plural present third-person)
cěďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
cěďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
cěďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
cědi (imperative second-person singular)
cědi (imperative singular third-person)
cěďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
cěďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
cěďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
cědivě (dual first-person imperative)
cědita (dual imperative second-person)
cěďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
cěďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
cěďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
cědimъ (first-person imperative plural)
cědite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: цѣдити (cěditi)

desc

Belarusian: цадзі́ць (cadzícʹ), цу́дзіць (cúdzicʹ)

Russian: цеди́ть (cedítʹ)

Ukrainian: ціди́ти (cidýty)

desctree

Old Novgorodian: *кѣдити (*kěditi)
→ Russian: кеди́ть (kedítʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⱌⱑⰴⰻⱅⰻ (cěditi)

Old Cyrillic script: цѣдити (cěditi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: цедити, циједити

Latin script: cediti, cijediti

Slovene: cedíti

West Slavic:

Old Czech: cěditi

Czech: cedit

Kashubian: cedzëc

Polish: cedzić

Slovak: cediť

Slovincian: cêdzëc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: cydźić

Lower Sorbian: cejźiś/cejziś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *skáiˀdīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *skoyd-éye-ti (“to make separated”), causative from the root *skeyd- (“to split, divide”). Formally cognate with Latvian skaîdît (“to dilute, spill”) and Lithuanian skáidyti (“to separate, divide, distribute”). From a different formation, Lithuanian ski̇́esti (“to separate, dilute”) and šķiêst (“to scatter, spill, cut”).
Indo-European cognates include Proto-Germanic *skītaną (“to defecate, to shit”), Latin scindō, Ancient Greek σχίζω (skhízō, “I split, cleave”), Welsh cwys, Sanskrit छिनत्ति (chinátti).


brysati

brysanьje (noun-from-verb)
brysati (infinitive)
brysatъ (supine)
brysalъ (l-participle)
brysanъ (participle passive past)
bryšemъ (participle passive present)
brysavъ (active participle past)
bryšę (active participle present)
brysaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
brysa (aorist second-person singular)
brysa (aorist singular third-person)
bryšǫ (first-person present singular)
bryšeši (present second-person singular)
bryšetь (present singular third-person)
brysaxově (aorist dual first-person)
brysasta (aorist dual second-person)
brysaste (aorist dual third-person)
bryševě (dual first-person present)
bryšeta (dual present second-person)
bryšete (dual present third-person)
brysaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
brysaste (aorist plural second-person)
brysašę (aorist plural third-person)
bryšemъ (first-person plural present)
bryšete (plural present second-person)
bryšǫtь (plural present third-person)
brysaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
brysaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
brysaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bryši (imperative second-person singular)
bryši (imperative singular third-person)
brysaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
brysaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
brysaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bryšivě (dual first-person imperative)
bryšita (dual imperative second-person)
brysaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
brysaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
brysaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bryšimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bryšite (imperative plural second-person)

Church Slavonic: брꙑсати (brysati)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: dial. бри́ша (bríša), бри́шем (bríšem), бриса́тиси (brisátisi)

Macedonian: брише (briše)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бри̏сати, dial. брисат

Latin: brȉsati

Slovene: brísati

West Slavic:

Polabian: bråisĕ (3sg present)


brъsati

brъsanьje (noun-from-verb)
brъsati (infinitive)
brъsatъ (supine)
brъsalъ (l-participle)
brъsanъ (participle passive past)
brъsajemъ (participle passive present)
brъsavъ (active participle past)
brъsaję (active participle present)
brъsaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
brъsa (aorist second-person singular)
brъsa (aorist singular third-person)
brъsajǫ (first-person present singular)
brъsaješi (present second-person singular)
brъsajetь (present singular third-person)
brъsaxově (aorist dual first-person)
brъsasta (aorist dual second-person)
brъsaste (aorist dual third-person)
brъsajevě (dual first-person present)
brъsajeta (dual present second-person)
brъsajete (dual present third-person)
brъsaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
brъsaste (aorist plural second-person)
brъsašę (aorist plural third-person)
brъsajemъ (first-person plural present)
brъsajete (plural present second-person)
brъsajǫtь (plural present third-person)
brъsaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
brъsaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
brъsaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
brъsaji (imperative second-person singular)
brъsaji (imperative singular third-person)
brъsaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
brъsaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
brъsaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
brъsajivě (dual first-person imperative)
brъsajita (dual imperative second-person)
brъsaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
brъsaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
brъsaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
brъsajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
brъsajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: броса́ть (brosátʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бъ́рша (bǎ́rša)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бр́цати

Latin script: bŕcati

Slovene: bŕsati

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *bruśetei, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰruḱ-.


brysadlo

brysadlo (nominative singular)
brysadlě (dual nominative)
brysadla (nominative plural)
brysadla (genitive singular)
brysadlu (dual genitive)
brysadlъ (genitive plural)
brysadlu (dative singular)
brysadloma (dative dual)
brysadlomъ (dative plural)
brysadlo (accusative singular)
brysadlě (accusative dual)
brysadla (accusative plural)
brysadlъmь (instrumental singular)
brysadlomь (instrumental singular)
brysadloma (dual instrumental)
brysadly (instrumental plural)
brysadlě (locative singular)
brysadlu (dual locative)
brysadlěxъ (locative plural)
brysadlo (singular vocative)
brysadlě (dual vocative)
brysadla (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: брꙑсало (brysalo, “towel”)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: dial. бриса́лка (brisálka), бриса́лк’а (brisálk’a)

Macedonian: бришалка (brišalka)

Serbo-Croatian:

desc

Cyrillic script: бри̏сало (“rag, wooden knife”)

Latin script: brȉsalo

Slovene: brisálọ (“towel, rag”)


dojidlo

dojidlo (nominative singular)
dojidlě (dual nominative)
dojidla (nominative plural)
dojidla (genitive singular)
dojidlu (dual genitive)
dojidlъ (genitive plural)
dojidlu (dative singular)
dojidloma (dative dual)
dojidlomъ (dative plural)
dojidlo (accusative singular)
dojidlě (accusative dual)
dojidla (accusative plural)
dojidlъmь (instrumental singular)
dojidlomь (instrumental singular)
dojidloma (dual instrumental)
dojidly (instrumental plural)
dojidlě (locative singular)
dojidlu (dual locative)
dojidlěxъ (locative plural)
dojidlo (singular vocative)
dojidlě (dual vocative)
dojidla (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: до́йла (dójla) (possibly)

Russian: до́йло (dójlo) (possibly)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: доило (doilo)

Slovene: dojílo

West Slavic:

Czech: dojidlo

From *dojiti (“to give milk, milk”) + *-dlo.


gъrnidlo

gъrnidlo (nominative singular)
gъrnidlě (dual nominative)
gъrnidla (nominative plural)
gъrnidla (genitive singular)
gъrnidlu (dual genitive)
gъrnidlъ (genitive plural)
gъrnidlu (dative singular)
gъrnidloma (dative dual)
gъrnidlomъ (dative plural)
gъrnidlo (accusative singular)
gъrnidlě (accusative dual)
gъrnidla (accusative plural)
gъrnidlъmь (instrumental singular)
gъrnidlomь (instrumental singular)
gъrnidloma (dual instrumental)
gъrnidly (instrumental plural)
gъrnidlě (locative singular)
gъrnidlu (dual locative)
gъrnidlěxъ (locative plural)
gъrnidlo (singular vocative)
gъrnidlě (dual vocative)
gъrnidla (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: гърнило (gŭrnilo), горнило (gornilo), горьнило (gorĭnilo), гърниль (gŭrnilĭ), гръниль (grŭnilĭ) (Russian)

East Slavic: гърнило (gŭrnilo), горнило (gornilo), горьнило (gorĭnilo), гърниль (gŭrnilĭ), гръниль (grŭnilĭ)

Russian: горни́ло (gornílo)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: грънилъ (grŭnilŭ), гръниль (grŭnilĭ), грънꙑль (grŭnylĭ)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: горнѝло (gornìlo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: грнил (obsolete)

Latin: grnil (obsolete)

From *gъrnъ / *gъrno (“furnace, cauldron”) + *-idlo.
Compare Vulgar Latin *furniculum > French fournil, fourneau.


sypati

sỳpati (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
sypanьje (noun-from-verb)
sypati (infinitive)
sypatъ (supine)
sypalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
sypanъ (participle passive past)
sypľemъ (participle passive present)
sypavъ (active participle past)
sypľę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
sypaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sypa (aorist second-person singular)
sypa (aorist singular third-person)
sypľǫ (first-person present singular)
sypľeši (present second-person singular)
sypľetь (present singular third-person)
sypaxově (aorist dual first-person)
sypasta (aorist dual second-person)
sypaste (aorist dual third-person)
sypľevě (dual first-person present)
sypľeta (dual present second-person)
sypľete (dual present third-person)
sypaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sypaste (aorist plural second-person)
sypašę (aorist plural third-person)
sypľemъ (first-person plural present)
sypľete (plural present second-person)
sypľǫtь (plural present third-person)
sypaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sypaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sypaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sypľi (imperative second-person singular)
sypľi (imperative singular third-person)
sypaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sypaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sypaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sypľivě (dual first-person imperative)
sypľita (dual imperative second-person)
sypaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sypaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sypaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sypľimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sypľite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сꙑпати (sypati)

Belarusian: сыпаць (sypacʹ)

Russian: сы́пать (sýpatʹ)

Ukrainian: си́пати (sýpaty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сꙑпати (sypati)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱏⰹⱂⰰⱅⰻ (sypati)

Bulgarian: си́пвам (sípvam)

Macedonian: сипе (sipe)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: си̏пати

Latin script: sȉpati

Slovene: sípati

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sypati

Czech: sypat

Old Polish: sypać

Polish: sypać

Kashubian: sëpac

Slovak: sypať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: sypać

Lower Sorbian: sypaś

Formally reflecting Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀptei (je-present). Baltic cognates include Lithuanian sū́puoti (“to rock, cradle”), Latvian supata (“protrusion”), Old Prussian suppis.


kľučь

kľũčь (canonical masculine)
kľũčь (nominative singular)
kľūčà (dual nominative)
kľūčì (nominative plural)
kľūčà (genitive singular)
kľūčù (dual genitive)
kľũčь (genitive plural)
kľūčù (dative singular)
kľūčèma (dative dual)
kľũčemъ (dative plural)
kľũčь (accusative singular)
kľūčà (accusative dual)
kľūčę̇̀ (accusative plural)
kľūčь̀mь (instrumental singular)
kľūčèmь (instrumental singular)
kľūčèma (dual instrumental)
kľũči (instrumental plural)
kľūčì (locative singular)
kľūčù (dual locative)
kľũčixъ (locative plural)
kľuču (singular vocative)
kľūčà (dual vocative)
kľūčì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ключь (ključĭ)

Belarusian: ключ (ključ)

Russian: ключ (ključ)

Carpathian Rusyn: ключ (ključ)

Ukrainian: ключ (ključ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: ключь (ključĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰽⰾⱓⱍⱐ (ključĭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кљу̑ч

Latin script: kljȗč

Slovene: kljúč (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kľúč

Czech: klíč

Old Polish: klucz

Polish: klucz

Silesian: klucz

Old Slovak: klíč, kľúč

Pannonian Rusyn: ключ (ključ)

Slovak: kľúč

Polabian: kľauc

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: klucz

Slovincian: klúcz

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kluč

Lower Sorbian: kluc

→ Albanian: kyç

→ Hungarian: kulcs

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kljaukjas, from Proto-Indo-European *klewk-yo-s, from *kle(h₂)uk-, an extended form of *(s)kleh₂w- (“hook, key, peg”). Equivalent to *kľuti (“to peck, to prickle”) + *-čь. Cognate with Latin clāvis (“key”).


sadlo

sadlo (nominative singular)
sadlě (dual nominative)
sadla (nominative plural)
sadla (genitive singular)
sadlu (dual genitive)
sadlъ (genitive plural)
sadlu (dative singular)
sadloma (dative dual)
sadlomъ (dative plural)
sadlo (accusative singular)
sadlě (accusative dual)
sadla (accusative plural)
sadlъmь (instrumental singular)
sadlomь (instrumental singular)
sadloma (dual instrumental)
sadly (instrumental plural)
sadlě (locative singular)
sadlu (dual locative)
sadlěxъ (locative plural)
sadlo (singular vocative)
sadlě (dual vocative)
sadla (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: са́ло (sálo)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: са́ло (sálo)
Belarusian: са́ла (sála)
Carpathian Rusyn: са́ло (sálo)
Ukrainian: са́ло (sálo)
→ English: salo

Russian: са́ло (sálo)

Old Novgorodian: са́гло (ságlo)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: сало (salo)

Bulgarian: са́ло (sálo)

Macedonian: сало (salo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: са̏ло

Latin script: sȁlo

Slovene: salo

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sádlo

Czech: sádlo

Kashubian: sadło

Polabian: sodlü

Polish: sadło
→ Old Ruthenian: са́дло (sádlo)
Belarusian: са́дла (sádla)

Old Slovak: sadlo

Pannonian Rusyn: садло (sadlo)

Slovak: sadlo

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: sadło

Lower Sorbian: sadło

* Ultimately from *sad- + *-lo. For the formation compare:
** *dagljь, *jьzgaga, *žeťi
** *prǫglo, *prǫga, *pręťi
** *vǫzlъ, *vǫza, *vęzati
: (it's not derived from *saditi, in this case form *sadilo/*sadьlo is expected, it's unclear why i/ь would be dropped; and not directly from *sěsti > *sědlo)
: Compare typologically Ancient Greek στέαρ (stéar), ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-.
* Alternatively from metathesis of earlier *sāldom (cf. *modliti). Cognate with Old Prussian saltan n, Old Irish saill, sall, saillim


cěvь

cě̑vь (canonical feminine)
cě̑vь (nominative singular)
cě̑vi (dual nominative)
cě̑vi (nominative plural)
cěví (genitive singular)
cěvьjù (dual genitive)
cěvь̀jь (genitive plural)
cě̑vi (dative singular)
cěvьmà (dative dual)
cě̑vьmъ (dative plural)
cě̑vь (accusative singular)
cě̑vi (accusative dual)
cě̑vi (accusative plural)
cěvьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
cěvьmà (dual instrumental)
cěvьmì (instrumental plural)
cěví (locative singular)
cěvьjù (dual locative)
cě̑vьxъ (locative plural)
cěvi (singular vocative)
cě̑vi (dual vocative)
cě̑vi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: цѣвь (cěvĭ)

Old Novgorodian: *кѣвь (*kěvĭ)
→ Russian: кевь (kevʹ) (Pskov)
⇒ Russian: ке́вка f (kévka) (Pskov, Arkhangelsk)
⇒ Russian: кево́к m (kevók) (Pskov)
Old Pskovian: *кѣвь (*kævĭ)
→ Finnic:
Estonian: kääv; kääve (dialectal)
Finnish: käävi, käämi, käämy
Ingrian: kǟvü, kǟmü
Karelian: keämi, keämie
Ludian: kiämi, kiäm
Veps: ḱäm
Votic: tšǟvi, tšǟve
Kukkuzi: kǟvü

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⱌⱑⰲⱐ (cěvĭ)

Old Cyrillic script: цѣвь (cěvĭ)

Bulgarian: цев (cev), dial. цяф (cjaf), dial. цаф (caf)

Macedonian: цевка (cevka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: це̑в, ције̑в, dial. ци̑в

Latin script: cȇv, cijȇv, dial. cȋv

Slovene: cẹ̑v (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: ciev

Czech: cev

Polabian: cev

Old Polish: cew, cyw

Slovak: ciev

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kaiw-is, *ḱaiw-is, from Proto-Indo-European *koy-w-.


lygura

lygura (nominative singular)
lygurě (dual nominative)
lygury (nominative plural)
lygury (genitive singular)
lyguru (dual genitive)
lygurъ (genitive plural)
lygurě (dative singular)
lygurama (dative dual)
lyguramъ (dative plural)
lygurǫ (accusative singular)
lygurě (accusative dual)
lygury (accusative plural)
lygurojǫ (instrumental singular)
lygurǫ (instrumental singular)
lygurama (dual instrumental)
lygurami (instrumental plural)
lygurě (locative singular)
lyguru (dual locative)
lygurasъ (locative plural)
lyguraxъ (locative plural)
lyguro (singular vocative)
lygurě (dual vocative)
lygury (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: лѝгуре pl

Latin script: lìgure pl

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)lūg- + *-ura (“augmentative suffix”), from *(s)lewǵ- (“скользить”).


dъlgъ

dъ̑lgъ (canonical masculine)
dъ̃lgъ (nominative singular)
dъlgà (dual nominative)
dъldzì (nominative plural)
dъlgà (genitive singular)
dъlgù (dual genitive)
dъ̃lgъ (genitive plural)
dъlgù (dative singular)
dъlgòma (dative dual)
dъlgòmъ (dative plural)
dъ̃lgъ (accusative singular)
dъlgà (accusative dual)
dъlgỳ (accusative plural)
dъlgъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
dъlgòmь (instrumental singular)
dъlgòma (dual instrumental)
dъ̃lgy (instrumental plural)
dъldzě̀ (locative singular)
dъlgù (dual locative)
dъ̃ldzěxъ (locative plural)
dъlže (singular vocative)
dъlgà (dual vocative)
dъldzì (plural vocative)
dъ̑lgъ (nominative singular)
dъ̑lga (dual nominative)
dъ̑ldzi (nominative plural)
dъ̑lga (genitive singular)
dъlgù (dual genitive)
dъ̃lgъ (genitive plural)
dъ̑lgu (dative singular)
dъlgomà (dative dual)
dъlgòmъ (dative plural)
dъ̑lgъ (accusative singular)
dъ̑lga (accusative dual)
dъ̑lgy (accusative plural)
dъ̑lgъmь (instrumental singular)
dъ̑lgomь (instrumental singular)
dъlgomà (dual instrumental)
dъlgý (instrumental plural)
dъ̑ldzě (locative singular)
dъlgù (dual locative)
dъldzě̃xъ (locative plural)
dъlže (singular vocative)
dъ̑lga (dual vocative)
dъ̑ldzi (plural vocative)
dъ̑lgъ (nominative singular)
dъ̑lgy (dual nominative)
dъ̑lgove (nominative plural)
dъ̑lgu (genitive singular)
dъlgovù (dual genitive)
dъlgòvъ (genitive plural)
dъ̑lgovi (dative singular)
dъlgъmà (dative dual)
dъ̑lgъmъ (dative plural)
dъ̑lgъ (accusative singular)
dъ̑lgy (accusative dual)
dъ̑lgy (accusative plural)
dъ̑lgъmь (instrumental singular)
dъlgъmà (dual instrumental)
dъlgъmì (instrumental plural)
dъlgú (locative singular)
dъlgovù (dual locative)
dъ̑lgъxъ (locative plural)
dъlgu (singular vocative)
dъ̑lgy (dual vocative)
dъ̑lgove (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: дългъ (dŭlgŭ), дълъгъ (dŭlŭgŭ), долгъ (dolgŭ)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: довгъ (dovh), долгъ (dolh) — archaic form
Belarusian: доўг (doŭh)
Carpathian Rusyn: довг (dovh)
Ukrainian: довг (dovh) (dialectal)

desc

Russian: долг (dolg); доло́г (dológ) (dialectal Soyana, Arkhangelsk Oblast)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: длъгъ (dlŭgŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰴⰾⱏⰳⱏ (dlŭgŭ)

Bulgarian: дълг (dǎlg); длъг (dlǎg) (dialectal)

Macedonian: долг (dolg)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ду̑г

Latin script: dȗg

Slovene: dọ̑łg (tonal orthography)

→ Hungarian: dolog

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dluh

Czech: dluh

→ Old Ruthenian: длухъ (dlux)

Polabian: dåu̯g

Old Polish: dług

Polish: dług

→ Old Ruthenian: длукгъ (dlug), длуґъ (dlug)

Slovak: dlh

Slovincian: dlùg

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: dług

Upper Sorbian: dołh

Related to Gothic 𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌲𐍃 (dulgs, “debt”):
* Most Slavists (Vasmer, Trubačev, Snoj) presume a native origin, because of the mobile accent (atypical for Germanic loanwords). Machek proposes a Slavic origin for the Gothic term. Others usually consider a genetic kinship between the two, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰlegʰ-.
* Germanists (Adolf Frans Emil Stender-Petersen, favoured by Pronk-Tiethoff) consider it a Gothic loanword, since other financial terminology in early Slavic was mostly of Germanic origin: e.g. Proto-Slavic *myto (“tax”), *lixva (“interest”), *pěnędzь (“coin”), *kupiti (“to purchase”). Lehmann speculates that both Gothic and Slavic terms may be Celtic loanwords.


četvьrtъ

četvьrtъ (masculine nominative singular)
četvьrta (feminine nominative singular)
četvьrto (neuter nominative singular)
četvьrta (genitive masculine singular)
četvьrty (feminine genitive singular)
četvьrta (genitive neuter singular)
četvьrtu (dative masculine singular)
četvьrtě (dative feminine singular)
četvьrtu (dative neuter singular)
četvьrtъ (accusative masculine singular)
četvьrtǫ (accusative feminine singular)
četvьrto (accusative neuter singular)
četvьrtomь (instrumental masculine singular)
četvьrtojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
četvьrtomь (instrumental neuter singular)
četvьrtě (locative masculine singular)
četvьrtě (feminine locative singular)
četvьrtě (locative neuter singular)
četvьrte (masculine singular vocative)
četvьrto (feminine singular vocative)
četvьrto (neuter singular vocative)
četvьrta (dual masculine nominative)
četvьrtě (dual feminine nominative)
četvьrtě (dual neuter nominative)
četvьrtu (dual genitive masculine)
četvьrtu (dual feminine genitive)
četvьrtu (dual genitive neuter)
četvьrtoma (dative dual masculine)
četvьrtama (dative dual feminine)
četvьrtoma (dative dual neuter)
četvьrta (accusative dual masculine)
četvьrtě (accusative dual feminine)
četvьrtě (accusative dual neuter)
četvьrtoma (dual instrumental masculine)
četvьrtama (dual feminine instrumental)
četvьrtoma (dual instrumental neuter)
četvьrtu (dual locative masculine)
četvьrtu (dual feminine locative)
četvьrtu (dual locative neuter)
četvьrta (dual masculine vocative)
četvьrtě (dual feminine vocative)
četvьrtě (dual neuter vocative)
četvьrti (masculine nominative plural)
četvьrty (feminine nominative plural)
četvьrta (neuter nominative plural)
četvьrtъ (genitive masculine plural)
četvьrtъ (feminine genitive plural)
četvьrtъ (genitive neuter plural)
četvьrtomъ (dative masculine plural)
četvьrtamъ (dative feminine plural)
četvьrtomъ (dative neuter plural)
četvьrty (accusative masculine plural)
četvьrty (accusative feminine plural)
četvьrta (accusative neuter plural)
četvьrty (instrumental masculine plural)
četvьrtami (feminine instrumental plural)
četvьrty (instrumental neuter plural)
četvьrtěxъ (locative masculine plural)
četvьrtaxъ (feminine locative plural)
četvьrtěxъ (locative neuter plural)
četvьrti (masculine plural vocative)
četvьrty (feminine plural vocative)
četvьrta (neuter plural vocative)
četvьrtъjь (masculine nominative singular)
četvьrtaja (feminine nominative singular)
četvьrtoje (neuter nominative singular)
četvьrtajego (genitive masculine singular)
četvьrtyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
četvьrtajego (genitive neuter singular)
četvьrtujemu (dative masculine singular)
četvьrtěji (dative feminine singular)
četvьrtujemu (dative neuter singular)
četvьrtъjь (accusative masculine singular)
četvьrtǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
četvьrtoje (accusative neuter singular)
četvьrtyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
četvьrtǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
četvьrtyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
četvьrtějemь (locative masculine singular)
četvьrtěji (feminine locative singular)
četvьrtějemь (locative neuter singular)
četvьrtъjь (masculine singular vocative)
četvьrtaja (feminine singular vocative)
četvьrtoje (neuter singular vocative)
četvьrtaja (dual masculine nominative)
četvьrtěji (dual feminine nominative)
četvьrtěji (dual neuter nominative)
četvьrtuju (dual genitive masculine)
četvьrtuju (dual feminine genitive)
četvьrtuju (dual genitive neuter)
četvьrtyjima (dative dual masculine)
četvьrtyjima (dative dual feminine)
četvьrtyjima (dative dual neuter)
četvьrtaja (accusative dual masculine)
četvьrtěji (accusative dual feminine)
četvьrtěji (accusative dual neuter)
četvьrtyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
četvьrtyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
četvьrtyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
četvьrtuju (dual locative masculine)
četvьrtuju (dual feminine locative)
četvьrtuju (dual locative neuter)
četvьrtaja (dual masculine vocative)
četvьrtěji (dual feminine vocative)
četvьrtěji (dual neuter vocative)
četvьrtiji (masculine nominative plural)
četvьrtyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
četvьrtaja (neuter nominative plural)
četvьrtъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
četvьrtъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
četvьrtъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
četvьrtyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
četvьrtyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
četvьrtyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
četvьrtyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
četvьrtyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
četvьrtaja (accusative neuter plural)
četvьrtyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
četvьrtyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
četvьrtyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
četvьrtyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
četvьrtyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
četvьrtyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
četvьrtiji (masculine plural vocative)
četvьrtyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
četvьrtaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: четвьртъ (četvĭrtŭ), четврьтъ (četvrĭtŭ), четвертъ (četvertŭ)

Belarusian: чацвёрты (čacvjórty)

Russian: четвёртый (četvjórtyj)

Ukrainian: четве́ртий (četvértyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: четврьтъ (četvrĭtŭ)

Glagolitic: ⱍⰵⱅⰲⱃⱐⱅⱏ (četvrĭtŭ)

Bulgarian: четвъ́рти (četvǎ́rti)

Macedonian: четврт (četvrt)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: чѐтвр̑ти̑

Latin script: čètvȓtȋ

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: četŕti, štŕti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: czwiôrti, czwôrti

Old Czech: čtvrtý
Czech: čtvrtý

desctree

Old Polish: cztwarty, czwarty
Polish: czwarty, cztwarty (Middle Polish)
Silesian: sztwŏrty

Polabian: citjortĕ

desc

Old Slovak: čtvertý, čtvrtý, štvartý, štvertý, štvrtý

Pannonian Rusyn: штварти (štvarti)

Slovak: štvrtý

Slovincian: czwjorty

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: štwórty

Lower Sorbian: stwórty

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ketwirtas, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwr̥tHos.


bobъ

bòbъ (canonical masculine)
bòbъ (nominative singular)
bobà (dual nominative)
bobì (nominative plural)
bobà (genitive singular)
bobù (dual genitive)
bòbъ (genitive plural)
bobù (dative singular)
bobòma (dative dual)
bobòmъ (dative plural)
bòbъ (accusative singular)
bobà (accusative dual)
bobỳ (accusative plural)
bobъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
bobòmь (instrumental singular)
bobòma (dual instrumental)
bòby (instrumental plural)
bobě̀ (locative singular)
bobù (dual locative)
bòběxъ (locative plural)
bobe (singular vocative)
bobà (dual vocative)
bobì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: бобъ (bobŭ)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: бобъ (bob), бѡбъ (bôb) — Middle Ukrainian
Belarusian: боб (bob)
Carpathian Rusyn: бӱб (büb)
Ukrainian: біб (bib)

Russian: боб (bob)

Old Novgorodian: бобъ (bobŭ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: боб (bob)

Macedonian: боб (bob)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бо̏б

Latin script: bȍb

Slovene: bòb

West Slavic:

Czech: bob

Polabian: büb

Old Polish: bób
Polish: bób, bober (regional)
Silesian: bober

Slovak: bôb

Slovincian: bób

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: bob

Upper Sorbian: bob

→ Proto-Finnic: *papu

→ Hungarian: bab

→ Romanian: bob

→ Yiddish: באָב (bob)

From Early Proto-Slavic *bábu. From Proto-Indo-European *bʰabʰ- (“bean”). Cognate with Old Prussian babo, Latin faba, Proto-Germanic *baunō (whence English bean), Albanian bathë, Ancient Greek φακός (phakós, “lentil”).


pěga

pě̀ga (canonical feminine)
pě̀ga (nominative singular)
pě̀dzě (dual nominative)
pě̀gy (nominative plural)
pě̀gy (genitive singular)
pě̀gu (dual genitive)
pě̀gъ (genitive plural)
pě̀dzě (dative singular)
pě̀gama (dative dual)
pě̀gamъ (dative plural)
pě̀gǫ (accusative singular)
pě̀dzě (accusative dual)
pě̀gy (accusative plural)
pě̀gojǫ (instrumental singular)
pě̀gǭ (instrumental singular)
pě̀gama (dual instrumental)
pě̀gamī (instrumental plural)
pě̀dzě (locative singular)
pě̀gu (dual locative)
pě̀gasъ (locative plural)
pě̀gaxъ (locative plural)
pě̀go (singular vocative)
pě̀dzě (dual vocative)
pě̀gy (plural vocative)
*pě̀gъ (alternative)

East Slavic: —

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: пѣготꙑ pl (pěgoty)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: пе́га (péga)

Macedonian: пега (pega)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пе̏га, пје̏га

Latin: pȅga, pjȅga

Slovene: pẹ́ga

West Slavic:

Old Czech: pieha

Czech: piha

Bohemian (Chod dialect): píje

Polish: piega f, pieg m

Slovak: peha

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: piha

Lower Sorbian: pěga

From Proto-Indo-European *poyg-.
Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit पिङ्गल (piṅgala, “reddish brown, reddish yellow, greenish yellow”), Latin pingō (“I paint”).


kresidlo

kresidlo (nominative singular)
kresidlě (dual nominative)
kresidla (nominative plural)
kresidla (genitive singular)
kresidlu (dual genitive)
kresidlъ (genitive plural)
kresidlu (dative singular)
kresidloma (dative dual)
kresidlomъ (dative plural)
kresidlo (accusative singular)
kresidlě (accusative dual)
kresidla (accusative plural)
kresidlъmь (instrumental singular)
kresidlomь (instrumental singular)
kresidloma (dual instrumental)
kresidly (instrumental plural)
kresidlě (locative singular)
kresidlu (dual locative)
kresidlěxъ (locative plural)
kresidlo (singular vocative)
kresidlě (dual vocative)
kresidla (plural vocative)
*kresadlo (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

desc

Ukrainian: кре́сило (krésylo), кре́сіло (krésilo)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кре̏сило

Latin script: krȅsilo

Slovene: kresílo

West Slavic:

Czech: křesidlo

Polish: krzesidło, dial. krzesi̊dło

Slovak: kresidlo

From *kresiti (“to strike fire”) + *-dlo (“instrumental suffix”).


kresadlo

kresadlo (nominative singular)
kresadlě (dual nominative)
kresadla (nominative plural)
kresadla (genitive singular)
kresadlu (dual genitive)
kresadlъ (genitive plural)
kresadlu (dative singular)
kresadloma (dative dual)
kresadlomъ (dative plural)
kresadlo (accusative singular)
kresadlě (accusative dual)
kresadla (accusative plural)
kresadlъmь (instrumental singular)
kresadlomь (instrumental singular)
kresadloma (dual instrumental)
kresadly (instrumental plural)
kresadlě (locative singular)
kresadlu (dual locative)
kresadlěxъ (locative plural)
kresadlo (singular vocative)
kresadlě (dual vocative)
kresadla (plural vocative)
*kresidlo (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

desc

Belarusian: краса́ла (krasála), крэ́сало (krésalo)

Russian: креса́ло (kresálo), крыса́ло (krysálo)

Ukrainian: креса́ло (kresálo)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кре̏сало

Latin script: krȅsalo

Slovene: kresálo

West Slavic:

Czech: křesadlo

Slovak: kresadlo

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: křesadło

Lower Sorbian: kśasałko

From *kresati (“to strike fire”) + *-dlo (“instrumental suffix”).


ničadlo

ničadlo (nominative singular)
ničadlě (dual nominative)
ničadla (nominative plural)
ničadla (genitive singular)
ničadlu (dual genitive)
ničadlъ (genitive plural)
ničadlu (dative singular)
ničadloma (dative dual)
ničadlomъ (dative plural)
ničadlo (accusative singular)
ničadlě (accusative dual)
ničadla (accusative plural)
ničadlъmь (instrumental singular)
ničadlomь (instrumental singular)
ničadloma (dual instrumental)
ničadly (instrumental plural)
ničadlě (locative singular)
ničadlu (dual locative)
ničadlěxъ (locative plural)
ničadlo (singular vocative)
ničadlě (dual vocative)
ničadla (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

Russian: ни́чало (níčalo)

South Slavic: —

West Slavic: —


xovati

xovovati (perfective)
xovanьje (noun-from-verb)
xovati (infinitive)
xovatъ (supine)
xovalъ (l-participle)
xovanъ (participle passive past)
xovajemъ (participle passive present)
xovavъ (active participle past)
xovaję (active participle present)
xovaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
xova (aorist second-person singular)
xova (aorist singular third-person)
xovajǫ (first-person present singular)
xovaješi (present second-person singular)
xovajetь (present singular third-person)
xovaxově (aorist dual first-person)
xovasta (aorist dual second-person)
xovaste (aorist dual third-person)
xovajevě (dual first-person present)
xovajeta (dual present second-person)
xovajete (dual present third-person)
xovaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
xovaste (aorist plural second-person)
xovašę (aorist plural third-person)
xovajemъ (first-person plural present)
xovajete (plural present second-person)
xovajǫtь (plural present third-person)
xovaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
xovaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
xovaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
xovaji (imperative second-person singular)
xovaji (imperative singular third-person)
xovaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
xovaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
xovaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
xovajivě (dual first-person imperative)
xovajita (dual imperative second-person)
xovaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
xovaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
xovaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
xovajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
xovajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ховати (xovati)

desc

Belarusian: хова́ць (xovácʹ), хава́ць (xavácʹ)

Russian: хова́ть (xovátʹ), хува́ть (xuvátʹ)

Middle Ukrainian: ховати (xovaty), ховать (xovatĭ)

Ukrainian: хова́ти (xováty)

South Slavic:

Old Croatian: hovati

West Slavic:

Old Czech: chovati

Czech: chovat

Old Polish: chować

Polish: chować

Silesian: chować

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: chòwac

Slovak: chovať, chovať sa

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: khować

Lower Sorbian: chowaś

From an earlier *skovati, (per Berneker, Brückner) most likely from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewh₁- (“to heed, to perceive”) via semantic shift to observe → to overwatch, guard → to take care. Similar development as in Proto-Slavic *čuvati (“to hear”) > Macedonian чува (čuva, “to preserve”), dial. Bulgarian чу́вам (čúvam, “to overwatch, to tend”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *skawwōną (“to look”) and related to Ancient Greek θυο-σκόος (thuo-skóos, “priest”, literally “watching the victim”). Without initial s-: Ancient Greek κοέω (koéō, “to notice, note, remark”), Latin cavēre (“to guard, abide by, (be)ware, watch out”), Sanskrit कवि (kavi, “overseer, shepherd”).
Alternatively, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover”) with semantic development to cover → to hide, to shield → to take care of.

der

to take care, to heed, to tend → to raise, to upbring

to hide, to shield (in order to protect)


pьpьrь

pьpь̀rь (canonical masculine)
pьpь̀rь (nominative singular)
pьpьrì (dual nominative)
pьpь̀rьjē (nominative plural)
pьpь̀řē (nominative plural)
pьpь̀ri (genitive singular)
pьpь̀rьju (dual genitive)
pьpьřu (dual genitive)
pьpьrь̀jь (genitive plural)
pьpь̀ri (genitive plural)
pьpьrì (dative singular)
pьpь̀rьma (dative dual)
pьpьrь̀mъ (dative plural)
pьpь̀rь (accusative singular)
pьpьrì (accusative dual)
pьpьrì (accusative plural)
pьpьrь̀mь (instrumental singular)
pьpь̀rьma (dual instrumental)
pьpь̀rьmī (instrumental plural)
pьpь̀ri (locative singular)
pьpь̀rьju (dual locative)
pьpьřu (dual locative)
pьpьrь̀xъ (locative plural)
pьpьri (singular vocative)
pьpьrì (dual vocative)
pьpь̀rьjē (plural vocative)
pьpь̀řē (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: пьпьрь (pĭpĭrĭ)

⇒ Old East Slavic: пьпьрьць (pĭpĭrĭcĭ)

desc

Old Ruthenian: пе́рець (pérecʹ), пе́рецъ (pérecʹ)

Belarusian: пе́рац (pjérac)

Ukrainian: пе́рець (pérecʹ)

desctree

Russian: пе́рец (pérec), пе́рецъ (pérec) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Ingrian: pertsu
→ Kildin Sami: пе̄рэц (pierec)
→ Yakut: биэрэс (bieres)

South Slavic:

Church Slavonic: пьпьрь (pĭpĭrĭ) (Serbian)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: па̀пар

Latin script: pàpar

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: pópər, pŕpər, péper (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: pepř

Polabian: paṕår

desctree

Old Polish: pieprz, pierz
Polish: pieprz (noun)

Old Slovak: peper, pepr, piepor, piepr

Pannonian Rusyn: попер (poper)

Slovak: piepor

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: popjeŕ

Lower Sorbian: peṕeŕ, per

Borrowed from Latin piper (“pepper”), from Ancient Greek πέπερι (péperi), from a dialectal variant of Sanskrit पिप्पलि (pippali, “long pepper”).


čьvorъ

čьvorъ (nominative singular)
čьvora (dual nominative)
čьvori (nominative plural)
čьvora (genitive singular)
čьvoru (dual genitive)
čьvorъ (genitive plural)
čьvoru (dative singular)
čьvoroma (dative dual)
čьvoromъ (dative plural)
čьvorъ (accusative singular)
čьvora (accusative dual)
čьvory (accusative plural)
čьvorъmь (instrumental singular)
čьvoromь (instrumental singular)
čьvoroma (dual instrumental)
čьvory (instrumental plural)
čьvorě (locative singular)
čьvoru (dual locative)
čьvorěxъ (locative plural)
čьvore (singular vocative)
čьvora (dual vocative)
čьvori (plural vocative)

East Slavic: —

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: чвор (čvor, “bough; knot”)

desc

Macedonian: чвор (čvor, “small bough, bough; knot”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: чво̑р (“knot; bough”)

Latin script: čvȏr

Slovene: čvòr (“bough; knot (in wood)”)

West Slavic: —

From Proto-Indo-European *kew- / *kow- / *ku- + *-orъ.
Compare Bulgarian чекор (čekor, “bough”), Serbo-Croatian кос-ор (“cultri genus”), Proto-Slavic *stob-orъ, *gov-orъ (“talk”).


čudlo

čudlo (nominative singular)
čudlě (dual nominative)
čudla (nominative plural)
čudla (genitive singular)
čudlu (dual genitive)
čudlъ (genitive plural)
čudlu (dative singular)
čudloma (dative dual)
čudlomъ (dative plural)
čudlo (accusative singular)
čudlě (accusative dual)
čudla (accusative plural)
čudlъmь (instrumental singular)
čudlomь (instrumental singular)
čudloma (dual instrumental)
čudly (instrumental plural)
čudlě (locative singular)
čudlu (dual locative)
čudlěxъ (locative plural)
čudlo (singular vocative)
čudlě (dual vocative)
čudla (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

Russian: чуло (čulo, “sense organ”)

South Slavic:

Macedonian: чуло (čulo, “feeling”), чула pl (čula, “sense organs”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: чу̏ло

Latin script: čȕlo

Slovene: čúlo (“hearing”)

West Slavic:

Czech: čídlo (“sense organ (of sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch)”)

Slovak: čudlo (“touch, nerve ending”)

From *čuti (“to sense, feel, notice”) + *-dlo.


strъgati

strъganьje (noun-from-verb)
strъgati (infinitive)
strъgatъ (supine)
strъgalъ (l-participle)
strъganъ (participle passive past)
strъgajemъ (participle passive present)
strъgavъ (active participle past)
strъgaję (active participle present)
strъgaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
strъga (aorist second-person singular)
strъga (aorist singular third-person)
strъgajǫ (first-person present singular)
strъgaješi (present second-person singular)
strъgajetь (present singular third-person)
strъgaxově (aorist dual first-person)
strъgasta (aorist dual second-person)
strъgaste (aorist dual third-person)
strъgajevě (dual first-person present)
strъgajeta (dual present second-person)
strъgajete (dual present third-person)
strъgaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
strъgaste (aorist plural second-person)
strъgašę (aorist plural third-person)
strъgajemъ (first-person plural present)
strъgajete (plural present second-person)
strъgajǫtь (plural present third-person)
strъgaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
strъgaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
strъgaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
strъgaji (imperative second-person singular)
strъgaji (imperative singular third-person)
strъgaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
strъgaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
strъgaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
strъgajivě (dual first-person imperative)
strъgajita (dual imperative second-person)
strъgaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
strъgaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
strъgaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
strъgajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
strъgajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: стръгати (strŭgati)

Russian: строга́ть (strogátʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: стръгати (strŭgati)

Glagolitic: ⱄⱅⱃⱏⰳⰰⱅⰹ (strŭgati)

desc

Bulgarian: стъ̀ржа (stǎ̀rža), стръжа́ (strǎžá) (dialectal)

l/sl-tonal

Slovene: stŕgati (tonal orthography), 1st. sg. stȓgam, stŕgam, stȓžem, stŕžem (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sestrhal

Baltic cognates include Lithuanian strũgaîns.
Indo-European cognates include Proto-Germanic *streukaną, Ancient Greek στρεύγομαι (streúgomai), East Frisian strôk.


stružiti

struženьje (noun-from-verb)
stružiti (infinitive)
stružitъ (supine)
stružilъ (l-participle)
struženъ (participle passive past)
stružimъ (participle passive present)
stružь (active participle past)
stružę (active participle present)
stružixъ (aorist first-person singular)
struži (aorist second-person singular)
struži (aorist singular third-person)
stružǫ (first-person present singular)
stružiši (present second-person singular)
stružitь (present singular third-person)
stružixově (aorist dual first-person)
stružista (aorist dual second-person)
stružiste (aorist dual third-person)
struživě (dual first-person present)
stružita (dual present second-person)
stružite (dual present third-person)
stružixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
stružiste (aorist plural second-person)
stružišę (aorist plural third-person)
stružimъ (first-person plural present)
stružite (plural present second-person)
stružętь (plural present third-person)
stružaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
stružaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
stružaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
struži (imperative second-person singular)
struži (imperative singular third-person)
stružaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
stružaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
stružaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
struživě (dual first-person imperative)
stružita (dual imperative second-person)
stružaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
stružaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
stružaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
stružimъ (first-person imperative plural)
stružite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

Russian: стружи́ть (stružítʹ)

South Slavic: —

West Slavic: —


metadlo

metadlo (nominative singular)
metadlě (dual nominative)
metadla (nominative plural)
metadla (genitive singular)
metadlu (dual genitive)
metadlъ (genitive plural)
metadlu (dative singular)
metadloma (dative dual)
metadlomъ (dative plural)
metadlo (accusative singular)
metadlě (accusative dual)
metadla (accusative plural)
metadlъmь (instrumental singular)
metadlomь (instrumental singular)
metadloma (dual instrumental)
metadly (instrumental plural)
metadlě (locative singular)
metadlu (dual locative)
metadlěxъ (locative plural)
metadlo (singular vocative)
metadlě (dual vocative)
metadla (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

desc

Russian: метало (metalo), метала m (metala)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: мета́ло (metálo) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мѐтало

Latin script: mètalo

Slovene: metálo

West Slavic:

Czech: metadlo

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: mjetadło


gъslo

gъslȍ (canonical neuter)
gъslo (nominative singular)
gъslě (dual nominative)
gъsla (nominative plural)
gъsla (genitive singular)
gъslu (dual genitive)
gъslъ (genitive plural)
gъslu (dative singular)
gъsloma (dative dual)
gъslomъ (dative plural)
gъslo (accusative singular)
gъslě (accusative dual)
gъsla (accusative plural)
gъslъmь (instrumental singular)
gъslomь (instrumental singular)
gъsloma (dual instrumental)
gъsly (instrumental plural)
gъslě (locative singular)
gъslu (dual locative)
gъslěxъ (locative plural)
gъslo (singular vocative)
gъslě (dual vocative)
gъsla (plural vocative)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: heslo

Czech: heslo

→ Serbo-Croatian: gȅslo

→ Slovene: géslo

→ Polish: hasło

→ Kashubian: hasło (non-standard)

→ Belarusian: га́сло (háslo)

→ Ukrainian: га́сло (háslo)

→ Slovak: heslo

Kashubian: gsło, gesło (both archaic)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: hesło

Uncertain. Snoj tentatively suggests origin from Proto-Indo-European *gewh₂- (“to evoke”), probably from *gъsti + *-slo (base verb possibly reflected in Upper Sorbian hesć (“to mutter”)).


sidlo

sīdlò (canonical neuter)
sīdlò (nominative singular)
sĩdlě (dual nominative)
sīdlà (nominative plural)
sīdlà (genitive singular)
sīdlù (dual genitive)
sĩdlъ (genitive plural)
sīdlù (dative singular)
sīdlòma (dative dual)
sīdlòmъ (dative plural)
sīdlò (accusative singular)
sĩdlě (accusative dual)
sīdlà (accusative plural)
sīdlъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
sīdlòmь (instrumental singular)
sīdlòma (dual instrumental)
sĩdly (instrumental plural)
sīdlě̀ (locative singular)
sīdlù (dual locative)
sĩdlěxъ (locative plural)
sīdlò (singular vocative)
sĩdlě (dual vocative)
sīdlà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сило (silo)

Belarusian: сіло́ (siló)

Russian: си́ло́ (síló)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: сило (silo)

Glagolitic: ⱄⰹⰾⱁ (silo)

West Slavic:

⇒ Czech: osidlo

Polish: sidło

⇒ Slovak: osídlo

From Proto-Indo-European *sh₂i-dʰlóm. Equivalent to *si- + *-dlo, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁y-, *sh₂ey-.
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian ātsailė (“cross-bar between beam and axle”), Latvian saiklis (“string, band”).
Indo-European cognates include Old High German seil (“rope, snare, fetter”), seid, silo, Gothic 𐌹𐌽𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (insailjan), Old Norse seil, Sanskrit सिनाति (sināti, “to bind, tie”).


brusidlo

brusidlo (nominative singular)
brusidlě (dual nominative)
brusidla (nominative plural)
brusidla (genitive singular)
brusidlu (dual genitive)
brusidlъ (genitive plural)
brusidlu (dative singular)
brusidloma (dative dual)
brusidlomъ (dative plural)
brusidlo (accusative singular)
brusidlě (accusative dual)
brusidla (accusative plural)
brusidlъmь (instrumental singular)
brusidlomь (instrumental singular)
brusidloma (dual instrumental)
brusidly (instrumental plural)
brusidlě (locative singular)
brusidlu (dual locative)
brusidlěxъ (locative plural)
brusidlo (singular vocative)
brusidlě (dual vocative)
brusidla (plural vocative)

East Slavic: —

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бру̀сило

Latin script: brùsilo

Slovene: brusílo

West Slavic:

Czech: brusidlo

From *brusiti + *-dlo (“instrumental suffix”).


lopurъ

lopurъ (nominative singular)
lopura (dual nominative)
lopuri (nominative plural)
lopura (genitive singular)
lopuru (dual genitive)
lopurъ (genitive plural)
lopuru (dative singular)
lopuroma (dative dual)
lopuromъ (dative plural)
lopurъ (accusative singular)
lopura (accusative dual)
lopury (accusative plural)
lopurъmь (instrumental singular)
lopuromь (instrumental singular)
lopuroma (dual instrumental)
lopury (instrumental plural)
lopurě (locative singular)
lopuru (dual locative)
lopurěxъ (locative plural)
lopure (singular vocative)
lopura (dual vocative)
lopuri (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ло́пур (lópur)

Macedonian: лопур (lopur)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ло̏пӯр

Latin script: lȍpūr

a large-leaved plant from the Senecioneae tribe in the Asteraceae, likely Petasites, butterbur


cěglъ

cěglъ (masculine nominative singular)
cěgla (feminine nominative singular)
cěglo (neuter nominative singular)
cěgla (genitive masculine singular)
cěgly (feminine genitive singular)
cěgla (genitive neuter singular)
cěglu (dative masculine singular)
cěglě (dative feminine singular)
cěglu (dative neuter singular)
cěglъ (accusative masculine singular)
cěglǫ (accusative feminine singular)
cěglo (accusative neuter singular)
cěglomь (instrumental masculine singular)
cěglojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
cěglomь (instrumental neuter singular)
cěglě (locative masculine singular)
cěglě (feminine locative singular)
cěglě (locative neuter singular)
cěgle (masculine singular vocative)
cěglo (feminine singular vocative)
cěglo (neuter singular vocative)
cěgla (dual masculine nominative)
cěglě (dual feminine nominative)
cěglě (dual neuter nominative)
cěglu (dual genitive masculine)
cěglu (dual feminine genitive)
cěglu (dual genitive neuter)
cěgloma (dative dual masculine)
cěglama (dative dual feminine)
cěgloma (dative dual neuter)
cěgla (accusative dual masculine)
cěglě (accusative dual feminine)
cěglě (accusative dual neuter)
cěgloma (dual instrumental masculine)
cěglama (dual feminine instrumental)
cěgloma (dual instrumental neuter)
cěglu (dual locative masculine)
cěglu (dual feminine locative)
cěglu (dual locative neuter)
cěgla (dual masculine vocative)
cěglě (dual feminine vocative)
cěglě (dual neuter vocative)
cěgli (masculine nominative plural)
cěgly (feminine nominative plural)
cěgla (neuter nominative plural)
cěglъ (genitive masculine plural)
cěglъ (feminine genitive plural)
cěglъ (genitive neuter plural)
cěglomъ (dative masculine plural)
cěglamъ (dative feminine plural)
cěglomъ (dative neuter plural)
cěgly (accusative masculine plural)
cěgly (accusative feminine plural)
cěgla (accusative neuter plural)
cěgly (instrumental masculine plural)
cěglami (feminine instrumental plural)
cěgly (instrumental neuter plural)
cěglěxъ (locative masculine plural)
cěglaxъ (feminine locative plural)
cěglěxъ (locative neuter plural)
cěgli (masculine plural vocative)
cěgly (feminine plural vocative)
cěgla (neuter plural vocative)
cěglъjь (masculine nominative singular)
cěglaja (feminine nominative singular)
cěgloje (neuter nominative singular)
cěglajego (genitive masculine singular)
cěglyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
cěglajego (genitive neuter singular)
cěglujemu (dative masculine singular)
cěglěji (dative feminine singular)
cěglujemu (dative neuter singular)
cěglъjь (accusative masculine singular)
cěglǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
cěgloje (accusative neuter singular)
cěglyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
cěglǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
cěglyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
cěglějemь (locative masculine singular)
cěglěji (feminine locative singular)
cěglějemь (locative neuter singular)
cěglъjь (masculine singular vocative)
cěglaja (feminine singular vocative)
cěgloje (neuter singular vocative)
cěglaja (dual masculine nominative)
cěglěji (dual feminine nominative)
cěglěji (dual neuter nominative)
cěgluju (dual genitive masculine)
cěgluju (dual feminine genitive)
cěgluju (dual genitive neuter)
cěglyjima (dative dual masculine)
cěglyjima (dative dual feminine)
cěglyjima (dative dual neuter)
cěglaja (accusative dual masculine)
cěglěji (accusative dual feminine)
cěglěji (accusative dual neuter)
cěglyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
cěglyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
cěglyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
cěgluju (dual locative masculine)
cěgluju (dual feminine locative)
cěgluju (dual locative neuter)
cěglaja (dual masculine vocative)
cěglěji (dual feminine vocative)
cěglěji (dual neuter vocative)
cěgliji (masculine nominative plural)
cěglyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
cěglaja (neuter nominative plural)
cěglъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
cěglъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
cěglъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
cěglyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
cěglyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
cěglyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
cěglyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
cěglyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
cěglaja (accusative neuter plural)
cěglyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
cěglyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
cěglyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
cěglyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
cěglyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
cěglyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
cěgliji (masculine plural vocative)
cěglyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
cěglaja (neuter plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: цѣглъ (cěglŭ)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: чеглꙑи (čeglyi), чеклꙑи (čeklyi)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ци̏гли̑

Latin script: cȉglȋ

West Slavic: —

From Proto-Indo-European *kay- + *-glъ.
Compare Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰-𐌺𐌻-𐍃 (aina-kl-s), Latin sin-gul-us; Sanskrit केवल (kevala) (< *kaywelo-), Latin caelebs.