piščalь

piščalь (nominative singular)
piščali (dual nominative)
piščali (nominative plural)
piščali (genitive singular)
piščalьju (dual genitive)
piščalьjь (genitive plural)
piščali (dative singular)
piščalьma (dative dual)
piščalьmъ (dative plural)
piščalь (accusative singular)
piščali (accusative dual)
piščali (accusative plural)
piščalьjǫ (instrumental singular)
piščalьma (dual instrumental)
piščalьmi (instrumental plural)
piščali (locative singular)
piščalьju (dual locative)
piščalьxъ (locative plural)
piščali (singular vocative)
piščali (dual vocative)
piščali (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: пищаль (pištalĭ)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: пішча́ль (piščálʹ)

Russian: пища́ль (piščálʹ)

Ukrainian: пища́ль (pyščálʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: пищя́л (pištjál, “shinbone”)

Macedonian: писка (piska, “shinbone”)

Slovene: piščal

West Slavic:

Old Czech: píščala

Czech: píšťala (see there for further descendants)

Polish: piszczel, piszczałka

Slovak: píšťala

From earlier *piskělь, from *piskati, *piščati (“squeak, whistle”) + *-ělь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *pīṣk-. According to Derksen, it's best to posit an onomatopoeic root *pī- followed by the suffix *-sk-.

onomatopoeic

onomatopoeic


zaverti

zavèrti (canonical)
b (accent-paradigm)
zavьrtьje (noun-from-verb)
zaverti (infinitive)
zavertъ (supine)
zavьrlъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
zavьrtъ (participle passive past)
zavьromъ (participle passive present)
zavьrъ (active participle past)
zavьry (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
zaverxъ (aorist first-person singular)
zaver (aorist second-person singular)
zaver (aorist singular third-person)
zavьrǫ (first-person present singular)
zavьreši (present second-person singular)
zavьretь (present singular third-person)
zaverxově (aorist dual first-person)
zaversta (aorist dual second-person)
zaverste (aorist dual third-person)
zavьrevě (dual first-person present)
zavьreta (dual present second-person)
zavьrete (dual present third-person)
zaverxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
zaverste (aorist plural second-person)
zaveršę (aorist plural third-person)
zavьremъ (first-person plural present)
zavьrete (plural present second-person)
zavьrǫtь (plural present third-person)
zavьrěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
zavьrěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
zavьrěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
zavьri (imperative second-person singular)
zavьri (imperative singular third-person)
zavьrěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
zavьrěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
zavьrěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
zavьrěvě (dual first-person imperative)
zavьrěta (dual imperative second-person)
zavьrěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
zavьrěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
zavьrěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
zavьrěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
zavьrěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: завере́ть (zaverétʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: заврѣти (zavrěti)

Glagolitic: ⰸⰰⰲⱃⱑⱅⰻ (zavrěti)

Bulgarian: завра́ (zavrá)

Macedonian: завре (zavre)

Serbo-Croatian:

Chakavian (Vrgada): zavrĩti

Slovene: zavrẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

Rovte dialect (Črni vrh, Idrija): zḁu̯rȩ̏ť

West Slavic:

Old Czech: zavřieti

Czech: zavřít

Polish: zawrzeć

Slovak: zavrieť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: zawrjeć

Lower Sorbian: zawrěś


obora

Oleg Trubachyov
Rick Derksen
ru:Журавлёв, Анатолий Фёдорович

obora (nominative singular)
oborě (dual nominative)
obory (nominative plural)
obory (genitive singular)
oboru (dual genitive)
oborъ (genitive plural)
oborě (dative singular)
oborama (dative dual)
oboramъ (dative plural)
oborǫ (accusative singular)
oborě (accusative dual)
obory (accusative plural)
oborojǫ (instrumental singular)
oborǫ (instrumental singular)
oborama (dual instrumental)
oborami (instrumental plural)
oborě (locative singular)
oboru (dual locative)
oborasъ (locative plural)
oboraxъ (locative plural)
oboro (singular vocative)
oborě (dual vocative)
obory (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *обора (*obora)

Middle Russian: обо́ра (obóra)

Russian: (dialectal) обо́ра (obóra)

desc

⇒ Russian: (dialectal) обо́р m (obór), о́бор m (óbor)

Old Ruthenian: обо́ра (obóra)

Belarusian: або́ра (abóra)

Ukrainian: обо́ра (obóra)

South Slavic:

Church Slavonic: обора (obora)

West Slavic:

Polish: obora (dialectal)

From earlier *obvora, deverbal from *obverti. Parallel to Lithuanian apvarà, but prefix has different etymology.


obora

obòra (canonical feminine)
*obòrъ (alternative)
obòra (nominative singular)
obòrě (dual nominative)
obòry (nominative plural)
obòry (genitive singular)
obòru (dual genitive)
obòrъ (genitive plural)
obòrě (dative singular)
obòrama (dative dual)
obòramъ (dative plural)
obòrǫ (accusative singular)
obòrě (accusative dual)
obòry (accusative plural)
obòrojǫ (instrumental singular)
obòrǭ (instrumental singular)
obòrama (dual instrumental)
obòramī (instrumental plural)
obòrě (locative singular)
obòru (dual locative)
obòrasъ (locative plural)
obòraxъ (locative plural)
obòro (singular vocative)
obòrě (dual vocative)
obòry (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *обора (*obora)

Middle Russian: обо́ра (obóra)

Russian: обо́ра (obóra), обво́ра (obvóra) (dialectal)

Old Ruthenian: обо́ра (obóra)

Belarusian: або́ра (abóra)

Ukrainian: обо́ра (obóra)

South Slavic:

Church Slavonic: обора (obora)

West Slavic:

desctree

Old Czech: obora
Czech: obora
→ Slovak: obora
→ Slovene: obọ̑ra (tonal orthography)

Old Polish: obora
Polish: obora, ôbora (Kielce)
→ Low Prussian: Oborre
Silesian: ôbora

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: òbòra

Slovincian: wôbôra

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wobora

From earlier *obvòra, deverbal from *obverti.


lęděninъ

lęděninъ (nominative singular)
lęděnina (dual nominative)
lęděne (nominative plural)
lęděninъ (accusative singular)
lęděnina (accusative dual)
lęděny (accusative plural)
lęděninа (genitive singular)
lęděninu (dual genitive)
lęděnъ (genitive plural)
lęděnině (locative singular)
lęděninu (dual locative)
lęděnьxъ (locative plural)
lęděninu (dative singular)
lęděninoma (dative dual)
lęděnьmъ (dative plural)
lęděninomь (instrumental singular)
lęděninoma (dual instrumental)
lęděny (instrumental plural)
lęděnine (singular vocative)
lęděnina (dual vocative)
lęděne (plural vocative)
*lęďaninъ (alternative)

West Slavic:

desc

Polish: Lędzanie pl, Lędzianie pl (“Lendians”)

Non-Slavic:

→ Old Hungarian: lengyen (“Pole”)

Hungarian: lengyel (“Pole”)

→ Byzantine Greek: Λενζανηνοί (Lenzanēnoí), λενζενινοι (lenzeninoi, “Lendians”)

→ Latin: Lendizi (“Lendians”)

From *lędo (“heath, uncultivated field”) + *-ěninъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *linda, from Proto-Indo-European *lendʰ-.


rudъ

rȗdъ (canonical)
rudъ (masculine nominative singular)
ruda (feminine nominative singular)
rudo (neuter nominative singular)
ruda (genitive masculine singular)
rudy (feminine genitive singular)
ruda (genitive neuter singular)
rudu (dative masculine singular)
rudě (dative feminine singular)
rudu (dative neuter singular)
rudъ (accusative masculine singular)
rudǫ (accusative feminine singular)
rudo (accusative neuter singular)
rudomь (instrumental masculine singular)
rudojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
rudomь (instrumental neuter singular)
rudě (locative masculine singular)
rudě (feminine locative singular)
rudě (locative neuter singular)
rude (masculine singular vocative)
rudo (feminine singular vocative)
rudo (neuter singular vocative)
ruda (dual masculine nominative)
rudě (dual feminine nominative)
rudě (dual neuter nominative)
rudu (dual genitive masculine)
rudu (dual feminine genitive)
rudu (dual genitive neuter)
rudoma (dative dual masculine)
rudama (dative dual feminine)
rudoma (dative dual neuter)
ruda (accusative dual masculine)
rudě (accusative dual feminine)
rudě (accusative dual neuter)
rudoma (dual instrumental masculine)
rudama (dual feminine instrumental)
rudoma (dual instrumental neuter)
rudu (dual locative masculine)
rudu (dual feminine locative)
rudu (dual locative neuter)
ruda (dual masculine vocative)
rudě (dual feminine vocative)
rudě (dual neuter vocative)
rudi (masculine nominative plural)
rudy (feminine nominative plural)
ruda (neuter nominative plural)
rudъ (genitive masculine plural)
rudъ (feminine genitive plural)
rudъ (genitive neuter plural)
rudomъ (dative masculine plural)
rudamъ (dative feminine plural)
rudomъ (dative neuter plural)
rudy (accusative masculine plural)
rudy (accusative feminine plural)
ruda (accusative neuter plural)
rudy (instrumental masculine plural)
rudami (feminine instrumental plural)
rudy (instrumental neuter plural)
ruděxъ (locative masculine plural)
rudaxъ (feminine locative plural)
ruděxъ (locative neuter plural)
rudi (masculine plural vocative)
rudy (feminine plural vocative)
ruda (neuter plural vocative)
rudъjь (masculine nominative singular)
rudaja (feminine nominative singular)
rudoje (neuter nominative singular)
rudajego (genitive masculine singular)
rudyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
rudajego (genitive neuter singular)
rudujemu (dative masculine singular)
ruději (dative feminine singular)
rudujemu (dative neuter singular)
rudъjь (accusative masculine singular)
rudǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
rudoje (accusative neuter singular)
rudyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
rudǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
rudyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
rudějemь (locative masculine singular)
ruději (feminine locative singular)
rudějemь (locative neuter singular)
rudъjь (masculine singular vocative)
rudaja (feminine singular vocative)
rudoje (neuter singular vocative)
rudaja (dual masculine nominative)
ruději (dual feminine nominative)
ruději (dual neuter nominative)
ruduju (dual genitive masculine)
ruduju (dual feminine genitive)
ruduju (dual genitive neuter)
rudyjima (dative dual masculine)
rudyjima (dative dual feminine)
rudyjima (dative dual neuter)
rudaja (accusative dual masculine)
ruději (accusative dual feminine)
ruději (accusative dual neuter)
rudyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
rudyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
rudyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
ruduju (dual locative masculine)
ruduju (dual feminine locative)
ruduju (dual locative neuter)
rudaja (dual masculine vocative)
ruději (dual feminine vocative)
ruději (dual neuter vocative)
rudiji (masculine nominative plural)
rudyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
rudaja (neuter nominative plural)
rudъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
rudъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
rudъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
rudyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
rudyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
rudyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
rudyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
rudyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
rudaja (accusative neuter plural)
rudyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
rudyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
rudyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
rudyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
rudyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
rudyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
rudiji (masculine plural vocative)
rudyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
rudaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: рудъ (rudŭ)

Belarusian: ру́ды (rúdy)

desc

Russian: ру́дый (rúdyj), рудо́й (rudój) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: руди́й (rudýj)

Old Novgorodian: роуде (rude)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: руд (rud)

Macedonian: руд (rud)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ру̑д

Latin script: rȗd

Slovene: rȗd

West Slavic:

Old Czech: rudý

Czech: rudý

Polish: rudy

Slovak: rudý

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: rudy

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *raudás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós, from *h₁rewdʰ-.
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian raũdas (“reddish brown, bay, reddish”), Latvian raũds (“red, reddish brown, light bay”).
Indo-European cognates include Latin dial. rūfus (“red-haired, reddish”), Proto-Germanic *raudaz (“red”).


ruxъ

rȗxъ (canonical masculine)
rȗxъ (nominative singular)
rȗxa (dual nominative)
rȗśi (nominative plural)
rȗxa (genitive singular)
ruxù (dual genitive)
rũxъ (genitive plural)
rȗxu (dative singular)
ruxomà (dative dual)
ruxòmъ (dative plural)
rȗxъ (accusative singular)
rȗxa (accusative dual)
rȗxy (accusative plural)
rȗxъmь (instrumental singular)
rȗxomь (instrumental singular)
ruxomà (dual instrumental)
ruxý (instrumental plural)
rȗśě (locative singular)
ruxù (dual locative)
ruśě̃xъ (locative plural)
ruše (singular vocative)
rȗxa (dual vocative)
rȗśi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: рух (rux)

Ukrainian: рух (rux)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: rëch, ruch

Old Czech: ruch
Czech: ruch

Polish: ruch

Silesian: ruch

Slovak: ruch

Slovincian: rëch

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *raušas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rows-o-s, from *h₃rews-, extension of *h₃er-.
Cognate with
Lithuanian ruošus,
Old Norse reyrr (“pile of stones”)
Compare
Lithuanian rušė́ti, ruõšti, ruošiù, ruošà,
Latvian ross,
Swedish rûsа,
Middle High German rûsch,
Old High German rôsc, rôsci
Further related to Latin ruō


cěpъ

cěpъ (nominative singular)
cěpa (dual nominative)
cěpi (nominative plural)
cěpa (genitive singular)
cěpu (dual genitive)
cěpъ (genitive plural)
cěpu (dative singular)
cěpoma (dative dual)
cěpomъ (dative plural)
cěpъ (accusative singular)
cěpa (accusative dual)
cěpy (accusative plural)
cěpъmь (instrumental singular)
cěpomь (instrumental singular)
cěpoma (dual instrumental)
cěpy (instrumental plural)
cěpě (locative singular)
cěpu (dual locative)
cěpěxъ (locative plural)
cěpe (singular vocative)
cěpa (dual vocative)
cěpi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: цѣпъ (cěpŭ), чепь (čepĭ)
Belarusian: цэп (cep)
Russian: цеп (cep), цоп (cop) (dialectal), чап (čap), чеп (čep), цепы́ pl (cepý)
Russian: цепь (cepʹ), цѣпь (cěpʹ) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Armenian: ցեպ (cʻep)
→ Finnish: sieppi
→ Ingrian: tseppi
→ Karelian: čieppi
→ Kildin Sami: цӣп (cīp)
Ukrainian: цеп (cep)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: цеп (cep), ц'яп (c'jap) (dialectal), цап (cap), цепи́ (cepí), цъ́пи (cǎ́pi)

Macedonian: цеп (cep)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: це̑п, ције̑п, цип (dialectal)

Latin script: cȇp, cijȇp, cȋp (dialectal)

Slovene: cȇp

West Slavic:

Old Czech: cěp

Czech: cep

Old Polish: cep
Polish: cep, cepa (Southern Greater Poland, Rawicz)
Silesian: cep, cyp

Slovak: cap

Polabian: cepoi

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: cep

Slovincian: cêpë

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: cypy

Lower Sorbian: cepy

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: csép

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kēi-p- : *(s)koi-p-.
Compare Lithuanian skiẽpas, skiẽpti : skiẽbti, Old High German skivaro, Old Norse skīfa, Ancient Greek σκοῖπος (skoîpos).
Probably related to Ancient Greek σκίπων (skípōn), Latin sсīрiō, Proto-Germanic *skipą (“ship; hollow object”), perhaps Latin scindō (“I split”), Ancient Greek σχίζω (skhízō, “I split, cleave”), Sanskrit छिनत्ति (chinatti), perhaps Sanskrit शिफा (śíphā, “fibrous or flexible root”).


kręgъ

kręgъ (nominative singular)
kręga (dual nominative)
krędzi (nominative plural)
kręga (genitive singular)
kręgu (dual genitive)
kręgъ (genitive plural)
kręgu (dative singular)
kręgoma (dative dual)
kręgomъ (dative plural)
kręgъ (accusative singular)
kręga (accusative dual)
kręgy (accusative plural)
kręgъmь (instrumental singular)
kręgomь (instrumental singular)
kręgoma (dual instrumental)
kręgy (instrumental plural)
krędzě (locative singular)
kręgu (dual locative)
krędzěxъ (locative plural)
kręže (singular vocative)
kręga (dual vocative)
krędzi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Middle Ukrainian: крягъ (krjah)

From Proto-Indo-European *kreng(ʰ)-o-.
Indo-European cognates include Proto-Germanic *hringaz (“ring, circle; curve”).


kuča

kùča (canonical feminine)
kùča (nominative singular)
kùči (dual nominative)
kùčę̇ (nominative plural)
kùčę̇ (genitive singular)
kùču (dual genitive)
kùčь (genitive plural)
kùčī (dative singular)
kùčama (dative dual)
kùčāmъ (dative plural)
kùčǫ (accusative singular)
kùči (accusative dual)
kùčę̇ (accusative plural)
kùčējǫ (instrumental singular)
kùčǭ (instrumental singular)
kùčama (dual instrumental)
kùčāmī (instrumental plural)
kùčī (locative singular)
kùču (dual locative)
kùčāsъ (locative plural)
kùče (singular vocative)
kùči (dual vocative)
kùčę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ку́ча (kúča)

Russian: ку́ча (kúča)

Ukrainian: ку́ча (kúča)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ку́ча

Latin script: kúča

West Slavic:

Czech: kučе

Polish: kusza (archaic, dialectal)

Slovincian: kucza


gorěti

c (accent-paradigm)
gorěnьje (noun-from-verb)
gorěti (infinitive)
gorětъ (supine)
gorělъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
gorěvъ (active participle past)
gorę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
gorěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
gorě (aorist second-person singular)
gorě (aorist singular third-person)
gořǫ (first-person present singular)
goriši (present second-person singular)
goritь (present singular third-person)
gorěxově (aorist dual first-person)
gorěsta (aorist dual second-person)
gorěste (aorist dual third-person)
gorivě (dual first-person present)
gorita (dual present second-person)
gorite (dual present third-person)
gorěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gorěste (aorist plural second-person)
gorěšę (aorist plural third-person)
gorimъ (first-person plural present)
gorite (plural present second-person)
gorętь (plural present third-person)
gorěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gorěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gorěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gori (imperative second-person singular)
gori (imperative singular third-person)
gorěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gorěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gorěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gorivě (dual first-person imperative)
gorita (dual imperative second-person)
gorěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gorěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gorěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gorimъ (first-person imperative plural)
gorite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: горѣти (gorěti)

Old Ruthenian: горѣти (horěti)

Belarusian: гарэ́ць (harécʹ)

Ukrainian: горі́ти (horíty)

Carpathian Rusyn: гориц (horyc)

Russian: горе́ть (gorétʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: горѣти (gorěti)

Glagolitic: ⰳⱁⱃⱑⱅⰻ (gorěti)

Bulgarian: горя́ (gorjá)

Macedonian: гори (gori)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: го̀рети, го̀рјети

Latin: gòreti, gòrjeti

Slovene: gorẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hořěti

Czech: hořet

Old Polish: gorzeć

Polish: gorzeć

Silesian: goreć

Slovak: horieť

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *garḗˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰor-, from *gʷʰer- (“to warm”). Baltic cognates include Lithuanian garė́ti (“to evaporate, breathe out”). Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós, “warm”), Sanskrit घृण (ghṛṇá, “heat, glow”), Albanian ngroh (“to heat”), Latvian grēmens (“heartburn”), and possibly English warm.

Rick Derksen
be:Аляксандр Мікалаевіч Булыка


mitorъ

mitorъ (nominative singular)
mitora (dual nominative)
mitori (nominative plural)
mitora (genitive singular)
mitoru (dual genitive)
mitorъ (genitive plural)
mitoru (dative singular)
mitoroma (dative dual)
mitoromъ (dative plural)
mitorъ (accusative singular)
mitora (accusative dual)
mitory (accusative plural)
mitorъmь (instrumental singular)
mitoromь (instrumental singular)
mitoroma (dual instrumental)
mitory (instrumental plural)
mitorě (locative singular)
mitoru (dual locative)
mitorěxъ (locative plural)
mitore (singular vocative)
mitora (dual vocative)
mitori (plural vocative)

West Slavic:

Slovak: mítor

From the root of *mitъ, *mitь, *mitusь + *-orъ.


čislo

čīslò (canonical neuter)
čīslò (nominative singular)
čĩslě (dual nominative)
čīslà (nominative plural)
čīslà (genitive singular)
čīslù (dual genitive)
čĩslъ (genitive plural)
čīslù (dative singular)
čīslòma (dative dual)
čīslòmъ (dative plural)
čīslò (accusative singular)
čĩslě (accusative dual)
čīslà (accusative plural)
čīslъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
čīslòmь (instrumental singular)
čīslòma (dual instrumental)
čĩsly (instrumental plural)
čīslě̀ (locative singular)
čīslù (dual locative)
čĩslěxъ (locative plural)
čīslò (singular vocative)
čĩslě (dual vocative)
čīslà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: число (čislo)

Belarusian: чысло́ (čysló)

desctree

Russian: число́ (čisló)
→ Ingrian: cisla
→ Yakut: чыыһыла (cııhıla)

Carpathian Rusyn: число (čyslo)

Ukrainian: число́ (čysló)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: число (čislo)

Bulgarian: число́ (čisló)

Macedonian: число (čislo)

Serbo-Croatian: (regional)

Cyrillic script: чи́сло

Latin script: číslo

Slovene: čīslo (tonal orthography) (obsolete)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: číslo

Czech: číslo

Bohemian (Chod dialect): číslo

Old Polish: czysło

Old Slovak: číslo

Pannonian Rusyn: число (čislo)

Slovak: číslo

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: čisło

→ Lower Sorbian: cysło


krupa

krūpà (canonical feminine)
krūpà (nominative singular)
krũpě (dual nominative)
krūpỳ (nominative plural)
krūpỳ (genitive singular)
krūpù (dual genitive)
krũpъ (genitive plural)
krūpě̀ (dative singular)
krūpàma (dative dual)
krūpàmъ (dative plural)
krūpǫ̀ (accusative singular)
krũpě (accusative dual)
krūpỳ (accusative plural)
krūpòjǫ (instrumental singular)
krũpǫ (instrumental singular)
krūpàma (dual instrumental)
krūpàmī (instrumental plural)
krūpě̀ (locative singular)
krūpù (dual locative)
krūpàsъ (locative plural)
krūpàxъ (locative plural)
krupo (singular vocative)
krũpě (dual vocative)
krūpỳ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: крупа́ (krupá)

Russenorsk: gropa

Ukrainian: крупа (krupa)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: крупа (krupa)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кру́па

Latin script: krúpa

Slovene: krúpa (tonal orthography) (obsolete)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: krúpa

Czech: kroupa

Moravian (Mistřice): krúpa

Polish: krupy

Slovak: krúpy

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: kšupa

Upper Sorbian: krupa

→ Middle High German: grūpe (probably via Sorbian and/or Polish)

German: Graupe

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kraupāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *krowp-eh₂, from *krewp-. Baltic cognates include Lithuanian kr̨aũpa (“wart”). Indo-European cognates include Icelandic hrýfi (“scabies”).


o(b)strovъ

ȍstrovъ (canonical masculine)
ȍstrovъ (nominative singular)
ȍbstrovъ (nominative singular)
ȍstrova (dual nominative)
ȍbstrova (dual nominative)
ȍstrovi (nominative plural)
ȍbstrovi (nominative plural)
ȍstrova (genitive singular)
ȍbstrova (genitive singular)
ostrovù (dual genitive)
obstrovù (dual genitive)
ostròvъ (genitive plural)
obstròvъ (genitive plural)
ȍstrovu (dative singular)
ȍbstrovu (dative singular)
ostrovomà (dative dual)
obstrovomà (dative dual)
ostrovòmъ (dative plural)
obstrovòmъ (dative plural)
ȍstrovъ (accusative singular)
ȍbstrovъ (accusative singular)
ȍstrova (accusative dual)
ȍbstrova (accusative dual)
ȍstrovy (accusative plural)
ȍbstrovy (accusative plural)
ȍstrovъmь (instrumental singular)
ȍbstrovъmь (instrumental singular)
ȍstrovomь (instrumental singular)
ȍbstrovomь (instrumental singular)
ostrovomà (dual instrumental)
obstrovomà (dual instrumental)
ostrový (instrumental plural)
obstrový (instrumental plural)
ȍstrově (locative singular)
ȍbstrově (locative singular)
ostrovù (dual locative)
obstrovù (dual locative)
ostrově̃xъ (locative plural)
obstrově̃xъ (locative plural)
ostrove (singular vocative)
obstrove (singular vocative)
ȍstrova (dual vocative)
ȍbstrova (dual vocative)
ȍstrovi (plural vocative)
ȍbstrovi (plural vocative)
*o(b)strovo (alternative)
*o(b)strova (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: островъ (ostrovŭ)

Belarusian: во́страў (vóstraŭ)

Russian: о́стров (óstrov)

Ukrainian: о́стрів (óstriv)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: островъ (ostrovŭ)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: о́стров (óstrov)

Macedonian: остров (ostrov)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̏стрво

Latin script: ȍstrvo

Slovene: ostròv

West Slavic:

Old Czech: ostrov

Czech: ostrov

Kashubian: òstrów

Polabian: Våstrüv

Old Polish: ostrów

Polish: ostrów, Ostrów, Ostrówek
→ Low Prussian: Ostrow

Old Slovak: ostrov

desc

Pannonian Rusyn: острово (ostrovo), остров (ostrov) — obsolete

Slovak: ostrov

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wotrow

Lower Sorbian: wótšow

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: ostrov

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ab-srawas, *sráwas. By surface analysis, *o(b)- + *strovъ, from Proto-Indo-European *srówos, from *srew- (“to flow, stream”). The literal meaning of the term is “one which gets flowed around” or possibly “flowless” (in case the prefix *o(b)- is applied with abessive function).
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian sravà, prasrava, Latvian strava. With different vocalism: Lithuanian srovė̃, strovė̃, Latvian stràvа, strāvе, East Lithuanian sraujà.
Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit गिरिस्रवा (girisravā), स्रवति (sravati), Ancient Greek ῥόος (rhóos, “stream”), ῥοή (rhoḗ), ῥέω (rhéō), Old Norse straumr (“stream, current, river”).

cog

o(b)strovitъ

island-like; pertaining to islands, full of islands


o(b)strovъ

ostrovъ (canonical)
ostrovъ (masculine nominative singular)
obstrovъ (masculine nominative singular)
ostrova (feminine nominative singular)
obstrova (feminine nominative singular)
ostrovo (neuter nominative singular)
obstrovo (neuter nominative singular)
ostrova (genitive masculine singular)
obstrova (genitive masculine singular)
ostrovy (feminine genitive singular)
obstrovy (feminine genitive singular)
ostrova (genitive neuter singular)
obstrova (genitive neuter singular)
ostrovu (dative masculine singular)
obstrovu (dative masculine singular)
ostrově (dative feminine singular)
obstrově (dative feminine singular)
ostrovu (dative neuter singular)
obstrovu (dative neuter singular)
ostrovъ (accusative masculine singular)
obstrovъ (accusative masculine singular)
ostrovǫ (accusative feminine singular)
obstrovǫ (accusative feminine singular)
ostrovo (accusative neuter singular)
obstrovo (accusative neuter singular)
ostrovomь (instrumental masculine singular)
obstrovomь (instrumental masculine singular)
ostrovojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
obstrovojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
ostrovomь (instrumental neuter singular)
obstrovomь (instrumental neuter singular)
ostrově (locative masculine singular)
obstrově (locative masculine singular)
ostrově (feminine locative singular)
obstrově (feminine locative singular)
ostrově (locative neuter singular)
obstrově (locative neuter singular)
ostrove (masculine singular vocative)
obstrove (masculine singular vocative)
ostrovo (feminine singular vocative)
obstrovo (feminine singular vocative)
ostrovo (neuter singular vocative)
obstrovo (neuter singular vocative)
ostrova (dual masculine nominative)
obstrova (dual masculine nominative)
ostrově (dual feminine nominative)
obstrově (dual feminine nominative)
ostrově (dual neuter nominative)
obstrově (dual neuter nominative)
ostrovu (dual genitive masculine)
obstrovu (dual genitive masculine)
ostrovu (dual feminine genitive)
obstrovu (dual feminine genitive)
ostrovu (dual genitive neuter)
obstrovu (dual genitive neuter)
ostrovoma (dative dual masculine)
obstrovoma (dative dual masculine)
ostrovama (dative dual feminine)
obstrovama (dative dual feminine)
ostrovoma (dative dual neuter)
obstrovoma (dative dual neuter)
ostrova (accusative dual masculine)
obstrova (accusative dual masculine)
ostrově (accusative dual feminine)
obstrově (accusative dual feminine)
ostrově (accusative dual neuter)
obstrově (accusative dual neuter)
ostrovoma (dual instrumental masculine)
obstrovoma (dual instrumental masculine)
ostrovama (dual feminine instrumental)
obstrovama (dual feminine instrumental)
ostrovoma (dual instrumental neuter)
obstrovoma (dual instrumental neuter)
ostrovu (dual locative masculine)
obstrovu (dual locative masculine)
ostrovu (dual feminine locative)
obstrovu (dual feminine locative)
ostrovu (dual locative neuter)
obstrovu (dual locative neuter)
ostrova (dual masculine vocative)
obstrova (dual masculine vocative)
ostrově (dual feminine vocative)
obstrově (dual feminine vocative)
ostrově (dual neuter vocative)
obstrově (dual neuter vocative)
ostrovi (masculine nominative plural)
obstrovi (masculine nominative plural)
ostrovy (feminine nominative plural)
obstrovy (feminine nominative plural)
ostrova (neuter nominative plural)
obstrova (neuter nominative plural)
ostrovъ (genitive masculine plural)
obstrovъ (genitive masculine plural)
ostrovъ (feminine genitive plural)
obstrovъ (feminine genitive plural)
ostrovъ (genitive neuter plural)
obstrovъ (genitive neuter plural)
ostrovomъ (dative masculine plural)
obstrovomъ (dative masculine plural)
ostrovamъ (dative feminine plural)
obstrovamъ (dative feminine plural)
ostrovomъ (dative neuter plural)
obstrovomъ (dative neuter plural)
ostrovy (accusative masculine plural)
obstrovy (accusative masculine plural)
ostrovy (accusative feminine plural)
obstrovy (accusative feminine plural)
ostrova (accusative neuter plural)
obstrova (accusative neuter plural)
ostrovy (instrumental masculine plural)
obstrovy (instrumental masculine plural)
ostrovami (feminine instrumental plural)
obstrovami (feminine instrumental plural)
ostrovy (instrumental neuter plural)
obstrovy (instrumental neuter plural)
ostrověxъ (locative masculine plural)
obstrověxъ (locative masculine plural)
ostrovaxъ (feminine locative plural)
obstrovaxъ (feminine locative plural)
ostrověxъ (locative neuter plural)
obstrověxъ (locative neuter plural)
ostrovi (masculine plural vocative)
obstrovi (masculine plural vocative)
ostrovy (feminine plural vocative)
obstrovy (feminine plural vocative)
ostrova (neuter plural vocative)
obstrova (neuter plural vocative)
ostrovъjь (masculine nominative singular)
obstrovъjь (masculine nominative singular)
ostrovaja (feminine nominative singular)
obstrovaja (feminine nominative singular)
ostrovoje (neuter nominative singular)
obstrovoje (neuter nominative singular)
ostrovajego (genitive masculine singular)
obstrovajego (genitive masculine singular)
ostrovyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
obstrovyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
ostrovajego (genitive neuter singular)
obstrovajego (genitive neuter singular)
ostrovujemu (dative masculine singular)
obstrovujemu (dative masculine singular)
ostrověji (dative feminine singular)
obstrověji (dative feminine singular)
ostrovujemu (dative neuter singular)
obstrovujemu (dative neuter singular)
ostrovъjь (accusative masculine singular)
obstrovъjь (accusative masculine singular)
ostrovǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
obstrovǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
ostrovoje (accusative neuter singular)
obstrovoje (accusative neuter singular)
ostrovyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
obstrovyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
ostrovǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
obstrovǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
ostrovyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
obstrovyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
ostrovějemь (locative masculine singular)
obstrovějemь (locative masculine singular)
ostrověji (feminine locative singular)
obstrověji (feminine locative singular)
ostrovějemь (locative neuter singular)
obstrovějemь (locative neuter singular)
ostrovъjь (masculine singular vocative)
obstrovъjь (masculine singular vocative)
ostrovaja (feminine singular vocative)
obstrovaja (feminine singular vocative)
ostrovoje (neuter singular vocative)
obstrovoje (neuter singular vocative)
ostrovaja (dual masculine nominative)
obstrovaja (dual masculine nominative)
ostrověji (dual feminine nominative)
obstrověji (dual feminine nominative)
ostrověji (dual neuter nominative)
obstrověji (dual neuter nominative)
ostrovuju (dual genitive masculine)
obstrovuju (dual genitive masculine)
ostrovuju (dual feminine genitive)
obstrovuju (dual feminine genitive)
ostrovuju (dual genitive neuter)
obstrovuju (dual genitive neuter)
ostrovyjima (dative dual masculine)
obstrovyjima (dative dual masculine)
ostrovyjima (dative dual feminine)
obstrovyjima (dative dual feminine)
ostrovyjima (dative dual neuter)
obstrovyjima (dative dual neuter)
ostrovaja (accusative dual masculine)
obstrovaja (accusative dual masculine)
ostrověji (accusative dual feminine)
obstrověji (accusative dual feminine)
ostrověji (accusative dual neuter)
obstrověji (accusative dual neuter)
ostrovyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
obstrovyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
ostrovyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
obstrovyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
ostrovyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
obstrovyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
ostrovuju (dual locative masculine)
obstrovuju (dual locative masculine)
ostrovuju (dual feminine locative)
obstrovuju (dual feminine locative)
ostrovuju (dual locative neuter)
obstrovuju (dual locative neuter)
ostrovaja (dual masculine vocative)
obstrovaja (dual masculine vocative)
ostrověji (dual feminine vocative)
obstrověji (dual feminine vocative)
ostrověji (dual neuter vocative)
obstrověji (dual neuter vocative)
ostroviji (masculine nominative plural)
obstroviji (masculine nominative plural)
ostrovyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
obstrovyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
ostrovaja (neuter nominative plural)
obstrovaja (neuter nominative plural)
ostrovъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
obstrovъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
ostrovъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
obstrovъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
ostrovъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
obstrovъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
ostrovyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
obstrovyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
ostrovyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
obstrovyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
ostrovyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
obstrovyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
ostrovyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
obstrovyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
ostrovyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
obstrovyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
ostrovaja (accusative neuter plural)
obstrovaja (accusative neuter plural)
ostrovyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
obstrovyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
ostrovyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
obstrovyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
ostrovyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
obstrovyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
ostrovyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
obstrovyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
ostrovyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
obstrovyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
ostrovyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
obstrovyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
ostroviji (masculine plural vocative)
obstroviji (masculine plural vocative)
ostrovyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
obstrovyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
ostrovaja (neuter plural vocative)
obstrovaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: Острово́й (Ostrovój)

West Slavic:

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wótšowy


strumy

strumy (nominative singular)
strumeni (dual nominative)
strumene (nominative plural)
strumene (genitive singular)
strumenu (dual genitive)
strumenъ (genitive plural)
strumeni (dative singular)
strumenьma (dative dual)
strumenьmъ (dative plural)
strumenь (accusative singular)
strumeni (accusative dual)
strumeni (accusative plural)
strumenьmь (instrumental singular)
strumenьma (dual instrumental)
strumenьmi (instrumental plural)
strumene (locative singular)
strumenu (dual locative)
strumenьxъ (locative plural)
strumy (singular vocative)
strumeni (dual vocative)
strumene (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: стру́мень (strúmjenʹ)

desc

Russian: стру́мень (strúmenʹ) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: стру́мінь (strúminʹ)

South Slavic:

Slovene: strúmen

West Slavic:

Old Czech: strumeň

Czech: strumen

Polabian: sträumen

Kashubian: strëmiéń

Old Polish: strumień

Polish: strumień

Slovak: strumeň (dated)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: trumjeń

Lower Sorbian: tšumjeń

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sraumen, from Proto-Indo-European *srow-men-, from *srew-.
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian dialectal straumuo, sriaumė, Latvian stràume.
Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek ῥεῦμα (rheûma), Thracian Στρυμών (Strumṓn), Old Irish srúaim, Proto-Germanic *straumaz (“stream, current, river”).
Related to Sanskrit स्रवति (sravati), Ancient Greek ῥέω (rhéō, “I flow, stream”), and Lithuanian sravė́ti.


struga

struga (nominative singular)
strudzě (dual nominative)
strugy (nominative plural)
strugy (genitive singular)
strugu (dual genitive)
strugъ (genitive plural)
strudzě (dative singular)
strugama (dative dual)
strugamъ (dative plural)
strugǫ (accusative singular)
strudzě (accusative dual)
strugy (accusative plural)
strugojǫ (instrumental singular)
strugǫ (instrumental singular)
strugama (dual instrumental)
strugami (instrumental plural)
strudzě (locative singular)
strugu (dual locative)
strugasъ (locative plural)
strugaxъ (locative plural)
strugo (singular vocative)
strudzě (dual vocative)
strugy (plural vocative)

East Slavic: струга (struga)

Russian: стру́га (strúga)

Ukrainian: стру́га (strúha)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: струга (struga)

Glagolitic: ⱄⱅⱃⱆⰳⰰ (struga)

Serbo-Croatian: strȕga

Slovene: strúga

West Slavic:

Old Czech: strúha

Czech: strouha

Polish: struga

Slovak: struha

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: truha

Lower Sorbian: tšuga

From *strujiti (“to stream, to spout”) + *-ga, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *srew-. Cognate with Latvian straũga, struga, strūga, strũgla.


gazъ

gazъ (nominative singular)
gaza (dual nominative)
gazi (nominative plural)
gaza (genitive singular)
gazu (dual genitive)
gazъ (genitive plural)
gazu (dative singular)
gazoma (dative dual)
gazomъ (dative plural)
gazъ (accusative singular)
gaza (accusative dual)
gazy (accusative plural)
gazъmь (instrumental singular)
gazomь (instrumental singular)
gazoma (dual instrumental)
gazy (instrumental plural)
gazě (locative singular)
gazu (dual locative)
gazěxъ (locative plural)
gaze (singular vocative)
gaza (dual vocative)
gazi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: газ (haz) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Macedonian: газ (gaz) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: га̑з

Latin script: gȃz

Slovene: gaz

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gāˀźas, from an extension of Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₂- (“to go”).


-oda

-oda (nominative singular)
-odě (dual nominative)
-ody (nominative plural)
-ody (genitive singular)
-odu (dual genitive)
-odъ (genitive plural)
-odě (dative singular)
-odama (dative dual)
-odamъ (dative plural)
-odǫ (accusative singular)
-odě (accusative dual)
-ody (accusative plural)
-odojǫ (instrumental singular)
-odǫ (instrumental singular)
-odama (dual instrumental)
-odami (instrumental plural)
-odě (locative singular)
-odu (dual locative)
-odasъ (locative plural)
-odaxъ (locative plural)
-odo (singular vocative)
-odě (dual vocative)
-ody (plural vocative)

Perhaps continuing Proto-Balto-Slavic *-adāˀ. Rare suffix with unclear functions. Possibly related with Ancient Greek -άδος (-ádos) in genitive case of feminine nouns, see Παλλάς (Pallás), δορκᾰ́ς (dorkắs).

aga (“berry”) → *àgoda (“berry”)

albʰós (“white”) → *olboda (“goosefoot”)

svobъ (“one's own”) → *svobodà (“freedom”)

laga (“something arranged”) → *lagoda (“carelessness, pleasure”)


krǫgъ

krǫ̑gъ (canonical masculine)
krǫ̑gъ (nominative singular)
krǫ̑ga (dual nominative)
krǫ̑dzi (nominative plural)
krǫ̑ga (genitive singular)
krǫgù (dual genitive)
krǫ̃gъ (genitive plural)
krǫ̑gu (dative singular)
krǫgomà (dative dual)
krǫgòmъ (dative plural)
krǫ̑gъ (accusative singular)
krǫ̑ga (accusative dual)
krǫ̑gy (accusative plural)
krǫ̑gъmь (instrumental singular)
krǫ̑gomь (instrumental singular)
krǫgomà (dual instrumental)
krǫgý (instrumental plural)
krǫ̑dzě (locative singular)
krǫgù (dual locative)
krǫdzě̃xъ (locative plural)
krǫže (singular vocative)
krǫ̑ga (dual vocative)
krǫ̑dzi (plural vocative)

East Slavic: кругъ (krugŭ)

Belarusian: круг (kruh)

Russian: круг (krug)

Ukrainian: круг (kruh)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: крѫгъ (krǫgŭ)

Glagolitic: ⰽⱃⱘⰳⱏ (krǫgŭ)

Bulgarian: кръг (krǎg), крънк (krǎnk) (dialectal)

Macedonian: круг (krug)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кру̑г

Latin script: krȗg

Slovene: krọ̑g (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kruh

Czech: kruh

Old Polish: krąg

Polish: krąg, kręg

Slovak: kruh

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kruh

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: korong

→ Romanian: crug, crâng

From Proto-Indo-European *krongʰ-o-, an extension of the root *(s)ker- (“to turn”) (Derksen) or *kreng- (ЭССЯ). Equivalent to *krъnъ (“tiny, chopped”) + *-gъ.
Indo-European cognates include Proto-Germanic *hringaz (“ring, circle; curve”), Umbrian krenkatrum, cringatro.

kręčь

палка, жердь для скручивания, поворачивания


sǫ-

East Slavic:

Belarusian: су- (su-)

Russian: су- (su-), со- (so-)

Ukrainian: су- (su-)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сѫ- (sǫ-), сън- (sŭn-) (decomposed nasalism, Ohrid Apostolarum) as in сънграждане (sŭngraždane, “fellow citizens”)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱘ- (sǫ-)

Bulgarian: съ- (sǎ-)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: су-

Latin script: su-

Slovene: so-

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sú-

Czech: sou-

Kashubian: są-

Polish: są-

Slovak: sú-

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: su-

Lower Sorbian: su-

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sam-, from Proto-Indo-European *som (Derksen) or *sem- (“together, one”).
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian sam-, Latvian so-, Old Prussian sen-.
Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit सम् (sam, “together, at the same time”), Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬨- (ham-), 𐬵𐬀- (ha-), Old Persian [Term?] (/ham-/), Ancient Greek ὁμοῦ (homoû, “together”), ἅμα (háma, “together with”), ἁ- (ha-), Latin semel (“once, a single time”).


vabiti

vabľenьje (noun-from-verb)
vabiti (infinitive)
vabitъ (supine)
vabilъ (l-participle)
vabľenъ (participle passive past)
vabimъ (participle passive present)
vabľь (active participle past)
vabę (active participle present)
vabixъ (aorist first-person singular)
vabi (aorist second-person singular)
vabi (aorist singular third-person)
vabľǫ (first-person present singular)
vabiši (present second-person singular)
vabitь (present singular third-person)
vabixově (aorist dual first-person)
vabista (aorist dual second-person)
vabiste (aorist dual third-person)
vabivě (dual first-person present)
vabita (dual present second-person)
vabite (dual present third-person)
vabixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vabiste (aorist plural second-person)
vabišę (aorist plural third-person)
vabimъ (first-person plural present)
vabite (plural present second-person)
vabętь (plural present third-person)
vabľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vabľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vabľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vabi (imperative second-person singular)
vabi (imperative singular third-person)
vabľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vabľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vabľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vabivě (dual first-person imperative)
vabita (dual imperative second-person)
vabľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vabľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vabľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vabimъ (first-person imperative plural)
vabite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вабити (vabiti)

Old Ruthenian: вабити (vabiti)

Ukrainian: ва́бити (vábyty)

Russian: ва́бить (vábitʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: вабити (vabiti)

Glagolitic: ⰲⰰⰱⰹⱅⰹ (vabiti)

Bulgarian: ва́бя (vábja) (dialectal)

Macedonian: ваби (vabi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ва́бити

Latin script: vábiti

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: vabīti, vábiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vábiti

Czech: vábit

Old Polish: wabić

Polish: wabić

Slovak: vábiť

Slovincian: wabjic

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wabiś

Upper Sorbian: wabić

Derksen:
* From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wōˀb-, from Proto-Indo-European *wōb-.
* From Proto-Indo-European *weh₂b- or *weh₃b-.
Indo-European cognates include Proto-Germanic *wōpijaną (“to cry out, to lament”).


cěva

cě̄và (canonical masculine)
cě̄và (nominative singular)
cě̃vě (dual nominative)
cě̄vỳ (nominative plural)
cě̄vỳ (genitive singular)
cě̄vù (dual genitive)
cě̃vъ (genitive plural)
cě̄vě̀ (dative singular)
cě̄vàma (dative dual)
cě̄vàmъ (dative plural)
cě̄vǫ̀ (accusative singular)
cě̃vě (accusative dual)
cě̄vỳ (accusative plural)
cě̄vòjǫ (instrumental singular)
cě̃vǫ (instrumental singular)
cě̄vàma (dual instrumental)
cě̄vàmī (instrumental plural)
cě̄vě̀ (locative singular)
cě̄vù (dual locative)
cě̄vàsъ (locative plural)
cě̄vàxъ (locative plural)
cěvo (singular vocative)
cě̃vě (dual vocative)
cě̄vỳ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: dial. че́ва (čéva)

Ukrainian: ці́ва (cíva)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: цѣва́ (cěvá), dial. ца́ва (cáva), це́ва (céva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: цива

Latin script: civa

West Slavic:

Old Czech: cěva

Czech: céva

Polish: cewa

Slovak: cieva

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: cywa

Lower Sorbian: cewa, cowa

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kai-w-aʔ, *śai-w-aʔ, from Proto-Indo-European *koy-w- (Derksen) or *(s)koywā, from *skey- (ЭССЯ).
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian šaivà (“spool”), šeivà (“spool, forearm, shin(-bone)”), Latvian saĩva, saĩve (“bobbin”). Further cognates include Sanskrit अष्ठीवत् (aṣṭhīvat, “shin”) and Proto-Germanic *skinō (“plate, rim”). Cf. also Estonian kääv (“spool”).


strojiti

b (accent-paradigm)
strojenьje (noun-from-verb)
strojiti (infinitive)
strojitъ (supine)
strojilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
strojenъ (participle passive past)
strojimъ (participle passive present)
strojь (active participle past)
stroję (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
strojixъ (aorist first-person singular)
stroji (aorist second-person singular)
stroji (aorist singular third-person)
strojǫ (first-person present singular)
strojiši (present second-person singular)
strojitь (present singular third-person)
strojixově (aorist dual first-person)
strojista (aorist dual second-person)
strojiste (aorist dual third-person)
strojivě (dual first-person present)
strojita (dual present second-person)
strojite (dual present third-person)
strojixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
strojiste (aorist plural second-person)
strojišę (aorist plural third-person)
strojimъ (first-person plural present)
strojite (plural present second-person)
strojętь (plural present third-person)
strojaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
strojaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
strojaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
stroji (imperative second-person singular)
stroji (imperative singular third-person)
strojaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
strojaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
strojaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
strojivě (dual first-person imperative)
strojita (dual imperative second-person)
strojaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
strojaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
strojaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
strojimъ (first-person imperative plural)
strojite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: строити (stroiti)

Old Ruthenian: стро́ити (stróiti)

Belarusian: стро́іць (stróicʹ)

Ukrainian: стро́їти (strójity)

desc

Russian: стро́ить (stróitʹ), стро́иться (stróitʹsja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱅⱃⱁⰻⱅⰻ (stroiti)

Old Cyrillic script: строити (stroiti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: стројити

Latin script: strojiti

Slovene: strojīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: strojiti

Czech: strojit

Kashubian: strojic

Polish: stroić

Slovak: strojiť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: strojić

Lower Sorbian: tšojś

From *strojь + *-iti, apparently from Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃- (“to spread, stretch out”).


Jьzęslavъ

Jьzęslàvъ (canonical masculine)
Jьzęslàva (feminine)
Jьzęslavъ (nominative singular)
Jьzęslava (dual nominative)
Jьzęslavi (nominative plural)
Jьzęslava (genitive singular)
Jьzęslavu (dual genitive)
Jьzęslavъ (genitive plural)
Jьzęslavu (dative singular)
Jьzęslavomъ (dative plural)
Jьzęslavъ (accusative singular)
Jьzęslava (accusative dual)
Jьzęslavy (accusative plural)
Jьzęslavy (instrumental plural)
Jьzęslavě (locative singular)
Jьzęslavu (dual locative)
Jьzęslavěxъ (locative plural)
Jьzęslave (singular vocative)
Jьzęslava (dual vocative)
Jьzęslavi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: Изѧсла́въ (Izęslávŭ)

Belarusian: Ізясла́ў (Izjasláŭ) (obsolete)

Ukrainian: Ізясла́в (Izjasláv) (obsolete)

→ Polish: Izjasław, Izasław

Russian: Изясла́в (Izjasláv) (obsolete)

From *jьzęti (“to take”) + *slàva (“glory, fame”).


kъmenь

kъmenь (nominative singular)
kъmeni (dual nominative)
kъmenьje (nominative plural)
kъmeňe (nominative plural)
kъmeni (genitive singular)
kъmenьju (dual genitive)
kъmeňu (dual genitive)
kъmenьjь (genitive plural)
kъmeni (genitive plural)
kъmeni (dative singular)
kъmenьma (dative dual)
kъmenьmъ (dative plural)
kъmenь (accusative singular)
kъmeni (accusative dual)
kъmeni (accusative plural)
kъmenьmь (instrumental singular)
kъmenьma (dual instrumental)
kъmenьmi (instrumental plural)
kъmeni (locative singular)
kъmenьju (dual locative)
kъmeňu (dual locative)
kъmenьxъ (locative plural)
kъmeni (singular vocative)
kъmeni (dual vocative)
kъmenьje (plural vocative)
kъmeňe (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: кима́к (kymák), dial. кыма́к (kymák), кіма́к (kimák)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kmen

Czech: kmen

Slovak: kmeň

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: kḿeń

The most plausible is division *kŭ-men-, where *-men- is a suffix. According to Machek, it is related to Ancient Greek κῦμα (kûma) < *ku-mn̥t- meaning "germ".


polьdza

polьdza (nominative singular)
polьdzi (dual nominative)
polьdzę̇ (nominative plural)
polьdzę̇ (genitive singular)
polьdzu (dual genitive)
polьdzь (genitive plural)
polьdzi (dative singular)
polьdzama (dative dual)
polьdzamъ (dative plural)
polьdzǫ (accusative singular)
polьdzi (accusative dual)
polьdzę̇ (accusative plural)
polьdzejǫ (instrumental singular)
polьdzǫ (instrumental singular)
polьdzama (dual instrumental)
polьdzami (instrumental plural)
polьdzi (locative singular)
polьdzu (dual locative)
polьdzasъ (locative plural)
polьdzaxъ (locative plural)
polьdze (singular vocative)
polьdzi (dual vocative)
polьdzę̇ (plural vocative)
*polьga (alternative)

East Slavic: польга (polĭga)

Russian: dial. по́льга (pólʹga)

Ukrainian: пільга (pilʹha)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: польѕа (polĭdza), польза (polĭza)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: по́лза (pólza)

Macedonian: полза (polza)

West Slavic:

Polabian: pü᾽ölga


o(b)rǫžьje

orǫžьje (canonical neuter)
orǫžьje (nominative singular)
obrǫžьje (nominative singular)
orǫžьji (dual nominative)
obrǫžьji (dual nominative)
orǫžьja (nominative plural)
obrǫžьja (nominative plural)
orǫžьja (genitive singular)
obrǫžьja (genitive singular)
orǫžьju (dual genitive)
obrǫžьju (dual genitive)
orǫžьjь (genitive plural)
obrǫžьjь (genitive plural)
orǫžьju (dative singular)
obrǫžьju (dative singular)
orǫžьjema (dative dual)
obrǫžьjema (dative dual)
orǫžьjemъ (dative plural)
obrǫžьjemъ (dative plural)
orǫžьje (accusative singular)
obrǫžьje (accusative singular)
orǫžьji (accusative dual)
obrǫžьji (accusative dual)
orǫžьja (accusative plural)
obrǫžьja (accusative plural)
orǫžьjьmь (instrumental singular)
obrǫžьjьmь (instrumental singular)
orǫžьjemь (instrumental singular)
obrǫžьjemь (instrumental singular)
orǫžьjema (dual instrumental)
obrǫžьjema (dual instrumental)
orǫžьji (instrumental plural)
obrǫžьji (instrumental plural)
orǫžьji (locative singular)
obrǫžьji (locative singular)
orǫžьju (dual locative)
obrǫžьju (dual locative)
orǫžьjixъ (locative plural)
obrǫžьjixъ (locative plural)
orǫžьje (singular vocative)
obrǫžьje (singular vocative)
orǫžьji (dual vocative)
obrǫžьji (dual vocative)
orǫžьja (plural vocative)
obrǫžьja (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: орѫжие (orǫžije)

desc

Old Ruthenian: оружьє (oružʹje), оружїє (oružije)

Belarusian: ружжо́ (ružžó), аружжа (aružža), ару́жыя (arúžyja)

Carpathian Rusyn: оружіє (oružije)

→ Pannonian Rusyn: оружиє (oružije)

Ukrainian: ору́жжя (orúžžja)

Russian: ружьё (ružʹjó), оружие (oružije), dial. оружьё (oružʹjó), ору́жье (orúžʹje)

Taimyr Pidgin Russian: урусé (urusé)

→ Slovak: oružie

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: орѫжиѥ (orǫžije)

Bulgarian: оръ́жие (orǎ́žie)

Macedonian: о́ружје (óružje)

Serbo-Croatian: о̀рӯжје, òrūžje, оружђе, oružđe

Slovene: orožje

West Slavic:

Old Czech: oružie

Czech: oruží

Polish: oręże, horęże

Slovak: oružie

From *orǫga / *orǫžь + *-ьje (“collective suffix”). According to Derksen, however, from the root in Proto-Slavic *rędъ.


sęťь

sęťь (masculine nominative singular)
sęťa (feminine nominative singular)
sęťe (neuter nominative singular)
sęťa (genitive masculine singular)
sęťę̇ (feminine genitive singular)
sęťa (genitive neuter singular)
sęťu (dative masculine singular)
sęťi (dative feminine singular)
sęťu (dative neuter singular)
sęťь (accusative masculine singular)
sęťǫ (accusative feminine singular)
sęťe (accusative neuter singular)
sęťemь (instrumental masculine singular)
sęťejǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
sęťemь (instrumental neuter singular)
sęťi (locative masculine singular)
sęťi (feminine locative singular)
sęťi (locative neuter singular)
sęťu (masculine singular vocative)
sęťe (feminine singular vocative)
sęťe (neuter singular vocative)
sęťa (dual masculine nominative)
sęťi (dual feminine nominative)
sęťi (dual neuter nominative)
sęťu (dual genitive masculine)
sęťu (dual feminine genitive)
sęťu (dual genitive neuter)
sęťema (dative dual masculine)
sęťama (dative dual feminine)
sęťema (dative dual neuter)
sęťa (accusative dual masculine)
sęťi (accusative dual feminine)
sęťi (accusative dual neuter)
sęťema (dual instrumental masculine)
sęťama (dual feminine instrumental)
sęťema (dual instrumental neuter)
sęťu (dual locative masculine)
sęťu (dual feminine locative)
sęťu (dual locative neuter)
sęťa (dual masculine vocative)
sęťi (dual feminine vocative)
sęťi (dual neuter vocative)
sęťi (masculine nominative plural)
sęťę̇ (feminine nominative plural)
sęťa (neuter nominative plural)
sęťь (genitive masculine plural)
sęťь (feminine genitive plural)
sęťь (genitive neuter plural)
sęťemъ (dative masculine plural)
sęťamъ (dative feminine plural)
sęťemъ (dative neuter plural)
sęťę̇ (accusative masculine plural)
sęťę̇ (accusative feminine plural)
sęťa (accusative neuter plural)
sęťi (instrumental masculine plural)
sęťami (feminine instrumental plural)
sęťi (instrumental neuter plural)
sęťixъ (locative masculine plural)
sęťaxъ (feminine locative plural)
sęťixъ (locative neuter plural)
sęťi (masculine plural vocative)
sęťę̇ (feminine plural vocative)
sęťa (neuter plural vocative)
sęťьjь (masculine nominative singular)
sęťaja (feminine nominative singular)
sęťeje (neuter nominative singular)
sęťajego (genitive masculine singular)
sęťę̇ję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
sęťajego (genitive neuter singular)
sęťujemu (dative masculine singular)
sęťiji (dative feminine singular)
sęťujemu (dative neuter singular)
sęťьjь (accusative masculine singular)
sęťǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
sęťeje (accusative neuter singular)
sęťijimь (instrumental masculine singular)
sęťǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
sęťijimь (instrumental neuter singular)
sęťijemь (locative masculine singular)
sęťiji (feminine locative singular)
sęťijemь (locative neuter singular)
sęťьjь (masculine singular vocative)
sęťaja (feminine singular vocative)
sęťeje (neuter singular vocative)
sęťaja (dual masculine nominative)
sęťiji (dual feminine nominative)
sęťiji (dual neuter nominative)
sęťuju (dual genitive masculine)
sęťuju (dual feminine genitive)
sęťuju (dual genitive neuter)
sęťijima (dative dual masculine)
sęťijima (dative dual feminine)
sęťijima (dative dual neuter)
sęťaja (accusative dual masculine)
sęťiji (accusative dual feminine)
sęťiji (accusative dual neuter)
sęťijima (dual instrumental masculine)
sęťijima (dual feminine instrumental)
sęťijima (dual instrumental neuter)
sęťuju (dual locative masculine)
sęťuju (dual feminine locative)
sęťuju (dual locative neuter)
sęťaja (dual masculine vocative)
sęťiji (dual feminine vocative)
sęťiji (dual neuter vocative)
sęťiji (masculine nominative plural)
sęťę̇ję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
sęťaja (neuter nominative plural)
sęťьjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
sęťьjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
sęťьjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
sęťijimъ (dative masculine plural)
sęťijimъ (dative feminine plural)
sęťijimъ (dative neuter plural)
sęťę̇ję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
sęťę̇ję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
sęťaja (accusative neuter plural)
sęťijimi (instrumental masculine plural)
sęťijimi (feminine instrumental plural)
sęťijimi (instrumental neuter plural)
sęťijixъ (locative masculine plural)
sęťijixъ (feminine locative plural)
sęťijixъ (locative neuter plural)
sęťiji (masculine plural vocative)
sęťę̇ję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
sęťaja (neuter plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: сѧщь (sęštĭ)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sint- (*sent-), from Proto-Indo-European *sent-. Compare Samogitian sintietė (“to think”), Latin sentiō (“to feel; to perceive”).


orzuditi

orzuďenьje (noun-from-verb)
orzuditi (infinitive)
orzuditъ (supine)
orzudilъ (l-participle)
orzuďenъ (participle passive past)
orzudimъ (participle passive present)
orzuďь (active participle past)
orzudę (active participle present)
orzudixъ (aorist first-person singular)
orzudi (aorist second-person singular)
orzudi (aorist singular third-person)
orzuďǫ (first-person present singular)
orzudiši (present second-person singular)
orzuditь (present singular third-person)
orzudixově (aorist dual first-person)
orzudista (aorist dual second-person)
orzudiste (aorist dual third-person)
orzudivě (dual first-person present)
orzudita (dual present second-person)
orzudite (dual present third-person)
orzudixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
orzudiste (aorist plural second-person)
orzudišę (aorist plural third-person)
orzudimъ (first-person plural present)
orzudite (plural present second-person)
orzudętь (plural present third-person)
orzuďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
orzuďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
orzuďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
orzudi (imperative second-person singular)
orzudi (imperative singular third-person)
orzuďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
orzuďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
orzuďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
orzudivě (dual first-person imperative)
orzudita (dual imperative second-person)
orzuďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
orzuďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
orzuďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
orzudimъ (first-person imperative plural)
orzudite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: разудити, dial. разудит

Latin: razuditi, dial. razudit

Slovene: razuditi (obsolete)

From *orz- + *uditi, from *udo (“piece of meat”), *udъ (“part”).


perzъ

Church Slavonic: прѣзъ (prězŭ) (Russian, Serbo-Croatian)

desc

→ Old East Slavic: прѣзъ (prězŭ), презъ (prezŭ)

Belarusian: праз (praz)

Ukrainian: проз (proz), през (prez)(polonism)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: перезъ (perezŭ)

Russian: dial. пе́рез (pérez)

Ukrainian: пе́рез (pérez)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: през (prez)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: dial. през

Latin: dial. prez

West Slavic:

Old Czech: přěs

Czech: přez, přes

desctree

Old Polish: przez
Polish: przez
Silesian: przez

Old Slovak: prez

Pannonian Rusyn: през (prez)

Slovak: prez

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: przez

Slovincian: przêz

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: přez

Lower Sorbian: pśez

From *per- + *-zъ by analogy of other prepositions (e.g. *bez, *jьz). Less likely comparison of -z with Lithuanian -gi : iñ-gi, iñ-g, núo-g(i) (“from”).


krь(jь)

East Slavic:

Russian: крей (krej), кри (kri) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: кре (kre, “at”), кръй (krǎj, “around”) (dialectal)


gъrbъ

gъrbъ (nominative singular)
gъrba (dual nominative)
gъrbi (nominative plural)
gъrba (genitive singular)
gъrbu (dual genitive)
gъrbъ (genitive plural)
gъrbu (dative singular)
gъrboma (dative dual)
gъrbomъ (dative plural)
gъrbъ (accusative singular)
gъrba (accusative dual)
gъrby (accusative plural)
gъrbъmь (instrumental singular)
gъrbomь (instrumental singular)
gъrboma (dual instrumental)
gъrby (instrumental plural)
gъrbě (locative singular)
gъrbu (dual locative)
gъrběxъ (locative plural)
gъrbe (singular vocative)
gъrba (dual vocative)
gъrbi (plural vocative)
*gъrba (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гърбъ (gŭrbŭ)

Belarusian: горб (horb)

Russian: горб (gorb), folk го́роб (górob)

Ukrainian: горб (horb)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: гръбъ (grŭbŭ)

Bulgarian: гръб (grǎb)

Macedonian: грб (grb)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гр̏ба

Latin script: gȑba

Slovene: gȓb, gŕba (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: gôrb

Old Czech: chrb

Czech: hrb, hrba (dialectal)

Old Polish: garb

Polish: garb, gurba (dialectal)

Slovak: hrb, hŕba

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: horb

Lower Sorbian: gjarb

The root lacks direct Indo-European relatives, so it cannot be reconstructed with full certainty. Nonetheless, both Derksen and Vasmer suppose an origin from the hypothetical proto-Indo-European root *ger- (“to bend, to craft”), which was enlarged in Slavic into Proto-Indo-European *gr̥bʰos < *gerbʰ- (“to carve, to crib”).


gъrkati

gъrkanьje (noun-from-verb)
gъrkati (infinitive)
gъrkatъ (supine)
gъrkalъ (l-participle)
gъrkanъ (participle passive past)
gъrkajemъ (participle passive present)
gъrkavъ (active participle past)
gъrkaję (active participle present)
gъrkaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
gъrka (aorist second-person singular)
gъrka (aorist singular third-person)
gъrkajǫ (first-person present singular)
gъrkaješi (present second-person singular)
gъrkajetь (present singular third-person)
gъrkaxově (aorist dual first-person)
gъrkasta (aorist dual second-person)
gъrkaste (aorist dual third-person)
gъrkajevě (dual first-person present)
gъrkajeta (dual present second-person)
gъrkajete (dual present third-person)
gъrkaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gъrkaste (aorist plural second-person)
gъrkašę (aorist plural third-person)
gъrkajemъ (first-person plural present)
gъrkajete (plural present second-person)
gъrkajǫtь (plural present third-person)
gъrkaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gъrkaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gъrkaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gъrkaji (imperative second-person singular)
gъrkaji (imperative singular third-person)
gъrkaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gъrkaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gъrkaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gъrkajivě (dual first-person imperative)
gъrkajita (dual imperative second-person)
gъrkaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gъrkaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gъrkaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gъrkajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
gъrkajite (imperative plural second-person)

Church Slavonic: гъркати (gŭrkati) (Russian)

East Slavic: гъркати (gŭrkati)

Belarusian: гы́ркаць (hýrkacʹ), dial. гарка́ць (harkácʹ)

Russian: горкота́ть (gorkotátʹ), dial. го́ркать (górkatʹ), га́ркать (gárkatʹ), гу́ркать (gúrkatʹ)

Ukrainian: га́ркати (hárkaty), гу́ркати (húrkaty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: гръ́камъ (grǎ́kam)

Macedonian: грака (graka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гркати, грцати

Latin: grkati, grcati

Slovene: grkati

West Slavic:

Czech: hrkat, hrcat, dial. gŕacať, grcat

Slovak: hrkať, dial. grcať, grcaťi

* ЭССЯ: Onomatopoeic.
* Derksen: cognate with Latin graculus (“daw, jackdaw”).
* Vasmer: onomatopoeia like in Sanskrit घुर्घुर (ghurghura, “growling”).


děgati

děganьje (noun-from-verb)
děgati (infinitive)
děgatъ (supine)
děgalъ (l-participle)
děganъ (participle passive past)
děgajemъ (participle passive present)
děgavъ (active participle past)
děgaję (active participle present)
děgaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
děga (aorist second-person singular)
děga (aorist singular third-person)
děgajǫ (first-person present singular)
děgaješi (present second-person singular)
děgajetь (present singular third-person)
děgaxově (aorist dual first-person)
děgasta (aorist dual second-person)
děgaste (aorist dual third-person)
děgajevě (dual first-person present)
děgajeta (dual present second-person)
děgajete (dual present third-person)
děgaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
děgaste (aorist plural second-person)
děgašę (aorist plural third-person)
děgajemъ (first-person plural present)
děgajete (plural present second-person)
děgajǫtь (plural present third-person)
děgaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
děgaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
děgaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
děgaji (imperative second-person singular)
děgaji (imperative singular third-person)
děgaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
děgaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
děgaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
děgajivě (dual first-person imperative)
děgajita (dual imperative second-person)
děgaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
děgaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
děgaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
děgajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
děgajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дегати

Latin script: degati

Slovene: degáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Slovak: děgať

Polish: dziagać (dialectal)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *daigtei, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeygʷ-.
Compare Lithuanian di̇́egti (“to prick(le)”), Latvian diegt, diêgs, Lithuanian gi̇́egas (“sprout”), dáigas.


dьgnǫti

dьgnovenьje (noun-from-verb)
dьgnǫti (infinitive)
dьgnǫtъ (supine)
dьgnǫlъ (l-participle)
dьgnovenъ (participle passive past)
dьgnǫvъ (active participle past)
dьgnǫxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dьgnǫ (aorist second-person singular)
dьgnǫ (aorist singular third-person)
dьgnǫ (first-person present singular)
dьgneši (present second-person singular)
dьgnetь (present singular third-person)
dьgnǫxově (aorist dual first-person)
dьgnǫsta (aorist dual second-person)
dьgnǫste (aorist dual third-person)
dьgnevě (dual first-person present)
dьgneta (dual present second-person)
dьgnete (dual present third-person)
dьgnǫxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dьgnǫste (aorist plural second-person)
dьgnǫšę (aorist plural third-person)
dьgnemъ (first-person plural present)
dьgnete (plural present second-person)
dьgnǫtь (plural present third-person)
dьgni (imperative second-person singular)
dьgni (imperative singular third-person)
dьgněvě (dual first-person imperative)
dьgněta (dual imperative second-person)
dьgněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
dьgněte (imperative plural second-person)
dьženьje (noun-from-verb)
dьgnǫti (infinitive)
dьgnǫtъ (supine)
dьglъ (l-participle)
dьženъ (participle passive past)
dьgъ (active participle past)
dьgъ (aorist first-person singular)
dьgoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dьže (aorist second-person singular)
dьže (aorist singular third-person)
dьgnǫ (first-person present singular)
dьgneši (present second-person singular)
dьgnetь (present singular third-person)
dьgově (aorist dual first-person)
dьgoxově (aorist dual first-person)
dьgeta (aorist dual second-person)
dьgosta (aorist dual second-person)
dьgete (aorist dual third-person)
dьgoste (aorist dual third-person)
dьgnevě (dual first-person present)
dьgneta (dual present second-person)
dьgnete (dual present third-person)
dьgomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dьgoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dьgete (aorist plural second-person)
dьgoste (aorist plural second-person)
dьgǫ (aorist plural third-person)
dьgošę (aorist plural third-person)
dьgnemъ (first-person plural present)
dьgnete (plural present second-person)
dьgnǫtь (plural present third-person)
dьgni (imperative second-person singular)
dьgni (imperative singular third-person)
dьgněvě (dual first-person imperative)
dьgněta (dual imperative second-person)
dьgněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
dьgněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Ukrainian: дьо́гнути (dʹóhnuty, “to prick, thrust”)

West Slavic:

Czech: džignút (“to prick”) (dialectal)

Slovak: dzignúť (dialectal)

Compare Lithuanian di̇́egti (“to prick(le)”).


dьgna

dьgna (nominative singular)
dьgně (dual nominative)
dьgny (nominative plural)
dьgny (genitive singular)
dьgnu (dual genitive)
dьgnъ (genitive plural)
dьgně (dative singular)
dьgnama (dative dual)
dьgnamъ (dative plural)
dьgnǫ (accusative singular)
dьgně (accusative dual)
dьgny (accusative plural)
dьgnojǫ (instrumental singular)
dьgnǫ (instrumental singular)
dьgnama (dual instrumental)
dьgnami (instrumental plural)
dьgně (locative singular)
dьgnu (dual locative)
dьgnasъ (locative plural)
dьgnaxъ (locative plural)
dьgno (singular vocative)
dьgně (dual vocative)
dьgny (plural vocative)

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: дьгна (dĭgna), дегна (degna), дъгна (dŭgna), догна (dogna) (Russian recension)

Glagolitic script: [Term?]

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дьгна (dĭgna), дегна (degna), дъгна (dŭgna), догна (dogna)

Russian: дегна (degna)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: дъ́гна (dǎ́gna)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: да̏гна, да̏гња

Latin script: dȁgna, dȁgnja

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dehna

desctree

Old Polish: dzięgna
→? Russian: цинга́ (cingá, “scurvy”)
→ Armenian: ցինգա (cʻinga)
→ Kildin Sami: цыӈӈьк (cyŋŋ’k)
→ Polish: cynga
→ Skolt Sami: câʹǧǧ

Formed as a resultant noun of *dьgnǫti (“to prickle”) + *-a, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeygʷ-. Akin to Lithuanian dýgti (“to germinate, sprout”) / di̇́egti (“to prick(le)”), Proto-Germanic *dīkiją (“dike”), and Latin fīgō.


tьlknǫti

telťi (imperfective)
tьlknovenьje (noun-from-verb)
tьlknǫti (infinitive)
tьlknǫtъ (supine)
tьlknǫlъ (l-participle)
tьlknovenъ (participle passive past)
tьlknǫvъ (active participle past)
tьlknǫxъ (aorist first-person singular)
tьlknǫ (aorist second-person singular)
tьlknǫ (aorist singular third-person)
tьlknǫ (first-person present singular)
tьlkneši (present second-person singular)
tьlknetь (present singular third-person)
tьlknǫxově (aorist dual first-person)
tьlknǫsta (aorist dual second-person)
tьlknǫste (aorist dual third-person)
tьlknevě (dual first-person present)
tьlkneta (dual present second-person)
tьlknete (dual present third-person)
tьlknǫxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tьlknǫste (aorist plural second-person)
tьlknǫšę (aorist plural third-person)
tьlknemъ (first-person plural present)
tьlknete (plural present second-person)
tьlknǫtь (plural present third-person)
tьlkni (imperative second-person singular)
tьlkni (imperative singular third-person)
tьlkněvě (dual first-person imperative)
tьlkněta (dual imperative second-person)
tьlkněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
tьlkněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: тълкнѫти (tŭlknǫti), тълкнути (tŭlknuti)

Russian: толкну́ть (tolknútʹ)

Ukrainian: товкону́ти (tovkonúty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: тлъкнѫти (tlŭknǫti)

Glagolitic script: ⱅⰾⱏⰽⱀⱘⱅⰻ (tlŭknǫti)

Bulgarian: тлъкна (tlǎkna, “to propel”) (obsolete)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ту̏кнути

Latin script: tȕknuti


sekyra

sekyra (nominative singular)
sekyrě (dual nominative)
sekyry (nominative plural)
sekyry (genitive singular)
sekyru (dual genitive)
sekyrъ (genitive plural)
sekyrě (dative singular)
sekyrama (dative dual)
sekyramъ (dative plural)
sekyrǫ (accusative singular)
sekyrě (accusative dual)
sekyry (accusative plural)
sekyrojǫ (instrumental singular)
sekyrǫ (instrumental singular)
sekyrama (dual instrumental)
sekyrami (instrumental plural)
sekyrě (locative singular)
sekyru (dual locative)
sekyrasъ (locative plural)
sekyraxъ (locative plural)
sekyro (singular vocative)
sekyrě (dual vocative)
sekyry (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: секꙑра (sekyra), сокꙑра (sokyra), сѣкꙑра (sěkyra)

Old Ruthenian: соки́ра (sokíra), секи́ра (sekíra)

Middle Belarusian: саки́ра (sakíra)

Belarusian: сякі́ра (sjakíra), сокі́ра (sokíra), сако́ра (sakóra)

Carpathian Rusyn: сокы́ра (sokŷ́ra)

Ukrainian: соки́ра (sokýra)

Middle Russian: секи́ра (sekíra), соки́ра (sokíra)

Russian: секи́ра (sekíra)

Old Novgorodian: секꙑра (sekyra)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⱄⰵⰽⱏⰺⱃⰰ (sekyra), ⱄⱑⰽⱏⰺⱃⰰ (sěkyra)

Old Cyrillic script: секꙑра (sekyra), сѣкꙑра (sěkyra)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сѐкира, сјѐкира, сѝкира

Latin script: sèkira, sjèkira, sìkira

Slovene: sekíra (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sěkyra, sěkera

Czech: sekyra

Bohemian (Chod dialect): sekyra

Kashubian: seczera

Polabian: seťaŕă

desctree

Old Polish: siekiera, siekira
Polish: siekiera
→ Old Ruthenian: секе́ра (sekéra), соке́ра (sokéra)
Middle Belarusian: саке́ра (sakéra)
Belarusian: сяке́ра (sjakjéra)

Old Slovak: sekera

Pannonian Rusyn: шекера (šekera)

Slovak: sekera

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: sekera

Lower Sorbian: sekera

According to Pokorny, from Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to cut”). Cognate with Latin secūris (“axe”) and Ancient Greek σάγαρις (ságaris, “single-edged battle axe used by Scythians”).
Probably not related to Akkadian 𒅆𒆕 (/šukurru/, “metal wedge, spear, axe”) which can have various other relations like to the frequent root related to locking, blocking (Arabic شَجَرَ (šajara, “to tie up, to keep off”) and loanwords سُكَّار (sukkār) and سَاجُور (sājūr)).


nagъ

nȃgъ (canonical)
nagъ (masculine nominative singular)
naga (feminine nominative singular)
nago (neuter nominative singular)
naga (genitive masculine singular)
nagy (feminine genitive singular)
naga (genitive neuter singular)
nagu (dative masculine singular)
nadzě (dative feminine singular)
nagu (dative neuter singular)
nagъ (accusative masculine singular)
nagǫ (accusative feminine singular)
nago (accusative neuter singular)
nagomь (instrumental masculine singular)
nagojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
nagomь (instrumental neuter singular)
nadzě (locative masculine singular)
nadzě (feminine locative singular)
nadzě (locative neuter singular)
naže (masculine singular vocative)
nago (feminine singular vocative)
nago (neuter singular vocative)
naga (dual masculine nominative)
nadzě (dual feminine nominative)
nadzě (dual neuter nominative)
nagu (dual genitive masculine)
nagu (dual feminine genitive)
nagu (dual genitive neuter)
nagoma (dative dual masculine)
nagama (dative dual feminine)
nagoma (dative dual neuter)
naga (accusative dual masculine)
nadzě (accusative dual feminine)
nadzě (accusative dual neuter)
nagoma (dual instrumental masculine)
nagama (dual feminine instrumental)
nagoma (dual instrumental neuter)
nagu (dual locative masculine)
nagu (dual feminine locative)
nagu (dual locative neuter)
naga (dual masculine vocative)
nadzě (dual feminine vocative)
nadzě (dual neuter vocative)
nadzi (masculine nominative plural)
nagy (feminine nominative plural)
naga (neuter nominative plural)
nagъ (genitive masculine plural)
nagъ (feminine genitive plural)
nagъ (genitive neuter plural)
nagomъ (dative masculine plural)
nagamъ (dative feminine plural)
nagomъ (dative neuter plural)
nagy (accusative masculine plural)
nagy (accusative feminine plural)
naga (accusative neuter plural)
nagy (instrumental masculine plural)
nagami (feminine instrumental plural)
nagy (instrumental neuter plural)
nadzěxъ (locative masculine plural)
nagaxъ (feminine locative plural)
nadzěxъ (locative neuter plural)
nadzi (masculine plural vocative)
nagy (feminine plural vocative)
naga (neuter plural vocative)
nagъjь (masculine nominative singular)
nagaja (feminine nominative singular)
nagoje (neuter nominative singular)
nagajego (genitive masculine singular)
nagyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
nagajego (genitive neuter singular)
nagujemu (dative masculine singular)
nadzěji (dative feminine singular)
nagujemu (dative neuter singular)
nagъjь (accusative masculine singular)
nagǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
nagoje (accusative neuter singular)
nagyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
nagǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
nagyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
nadzějemь (locative masculine singular)
nadzěji (feminine locative singular)
nadzějemь (locative neuter singular)
nagъjь (masculine singular vocative)
nagaja (feminine singular vocative)
nagoje (neuter singular vocative)
nagaja (dual masculine nominative)
nadzěji (dual feminine nominative)
nadzěji (dual neuter nominative)
naguju (dual genitive masculine)
naguju (dual feminine genitive)
naguju (dual genitive neuter)
nagyjima (dative dual masculine)
nagyjima (dative dual feminine)
nagyjima (dative dual neuter)
nagaja (accusative dual masculine)
nadzěji (accusative dual feminine)
nadzěji (accusative dual neuter)
nagyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
nagyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
nagyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
naguju (dual locative masculine)
naguju (dual feminine locative)
naguju (dual locative neuter)
nagaja (dual masculine vocative)
nadzěji (dual feminine vocative)
nadzěji (dual neuter vocative)
nadziji (masculine nominative plural)
nagyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
nagaja (neuter nominative plural)
nagъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
nagъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
nagъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
nagyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
nagyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
nagyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
nagyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
nagyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
nagaja (accusative neuter plural)
nagyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
nagyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
nagyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
nagyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
nagyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
nagyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
nadziji (masculine plural vocative)
nagyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
nagaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: наго́й (nagój) (poetic)

Ukrainian: наги́й (nahýj) (dated)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: нагъ (nagŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: на̑г

Latin script: nȃg

Slovene: nȃg (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: nahý

Czech: nahý

Polish: nagi

Slovak: nahý

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: nahi

Lower Sorbian: nagi

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *nōˀgás, from Proto-Indo-European *nogʷós (“naked, nude”).


golъ

gȍlъ (canonical)
golъ (masculine nominative singular)
gola (feminine nominative singular)
golo (neuter nominative singular)
gola (genitive masculine singular)
goly (feminine genitive singular)
gola (genitive neuter singular)
golu (dative masculine singular)
golě (dative feminine singular)
golu (dative neuter singular)
golъ (accusative masculine singular)
golǫ (accusative feminine singular)
golo (accusative neuter singular)
golomь (instrumental masculine singular)
golojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
golomь (instrumental neuter singular)
golě (locative masculine singular)
golě (feminine locative singular)
golě (locative neuter singular)
gole (masculine singular vocative)
golo (feminine singular vocative)
golo (neuter singular vocative)
gola (dual masculine nominative)
golě (dual feminine nominative)
golě (dual neuter nominative)
golu (dual genitive masculine)
golu (dual feminine genitive)
golu (dual genitive neuter)
goloma (dative dual masculine)
golama (dative dual feminine)
goloma (dative dual neuter)
gola (accusative dual masculine)
golě (accusative dual feminine)
golě (accusative dual neuter)
goloma (dual instrumental masculine)
golama (dual feminine instrumental)
goloma (dual instrumental neuter)
golu (dual locative masculine)
golu (dual feminine locative)
golu (dual locative neuter)
gola (dual masculine vocative)
golě (dual feminine vocative)
golě (dual neuter vocative)
goli (masculine nominative plural)
goly (feminine nominative plural)
gola (neuter nominative plural)
golъ (genitive masculine plural)
golъ (feminine genitive plural)
golъ (genitive neuter plural)
golomъ (dative masculine plural)
golamъ (dative feminine plural)
golomъ (dative neuter plural)
goly (accusative masculine plural)
goly (accusative feminine plural)
gola (accusative neuter plural)
goly (instrumental masculine plural)
golami (feminine instrumental plural)
goly (instrumental neuter plural)
golěxъ (locative masculine plural)
golaxъ (feminine locative plural)
golěxъ (locative neuter plural)
goli (masculine plural vocative)
goly (feminine plural vocative)
gola (neuter plural vocative)
golъjь (masculine nominative singular)
golaja (feminine nominative singular)
goloje (neuter nominative singular)
golajego (genitive masculine singular)
golyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
golajego (genitive neuter singular)
golujemu (dative masculine singular)
golěji (dative feminine singular)
golujemu (dative neuter singular)
golъjь (accusative masculine singular)
golǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
goloje (accusative neuter singular)
golyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
golǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
golyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
golějemь (locative masculine singular)
golěji (feminine locative singular)
golějemь (locative neuter singular)
golъjь (masculine singular vocative)
golaja (feminine singular vocative)
goloje (neuter singular vocative)
golaja (dual masculine nominative)
golěji (dual feminine nominative)
golěji (dual neuter nominative)
goluju (dual genitive masculine)
goluju (dual feminine genitive)
goluju (dual genitive neuter)
golyjima (dative dual masculine)
golyjima (dative dual feminine)
golyjima (dative dual neuter)
golaja (accusative dual masculine)
golěji (accusative dual feminine)
golěji (accusative dual neuter)
golyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
golyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
golyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
goluju (dual locative masculine)
goluju (dual feminine locative)
goluju (dual locative neuter)
golaja (dual masculine vocative)
golěji (dual feminine vocative)
golěji (dual neuter vocative)
goliji (masculine nominative plural)
golyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
golaja (neuter nominative plural)
golъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
golъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
golъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
golyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
golyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
golyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
golyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
golyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
golaja (accusative neuter plural)
golyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
golyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
golyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
golyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
golyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
golyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
goliji (masculine plural vocative)
golyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
golaja (neuter plural vocative)

Marko Snoj
Oleg Trubachyov
Rick Derksen
Vladimir I. Georgiev

East Slavic:

Belarusian: го́лы (hóly)

Russian: го́лый (gólyj)

Ukrainian: го́лий (hólyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: голъ (golŭ)

Bulgarian: гол (gol)

Macedonian: гол (gol)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: го̑л

Latin script: gȏl

Slovene: gȍł (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: holý

Czech: holý

Old Polish: goły

Polish: goły

Slovak: holý

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: goły

Upper Sorbian: hoły

Non-Slavic:

Aromanian: gol

Romanian: gol

Probably cognate with Proto-Germanic *kalwaz, Latin calvus (“bald, hairless”), presumably from Proto-Indo-European *golH-o-s, from *gelH- (“bald, naked”) (reconstructed as *gal- in older literature). Vasmer, Georgiev additionally link it to Latvian gā̀ls (“ice-smooth, slick”), gàla (“frost, thin layer of ice”) from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”) (cf. Proto-Slavic *golъtь, *golotь (“hoarfrost”)).
See the literature for further hypotheses.


gorgorъ

gorgorъ (nominative singular)
gorgora (dual nominative)
gorgori (nominative plural)
gorgora (genitive singular)
gorgoru (dual genitive)
gorgorъ (genitive plural)
gorgoru (dative singular)
gorgoroma (dative dual)
gorgoromъ (dative plural)
gorgorъ (accusative singular)
gorgora (accusative dual)
gorgory (accusative plural)
gorgorъmь (instrumental singular)
gorgoromь (instrumental singular)
gorgoroma (dual instrumental)
gorgory (instrumental plural)
gorgorě (locative singular)
gorgoru (dual locative)
gorgorěxъ (locative plural)
gorgore (singular vocative)
gorgora (dual vocative)
gorgori (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: гра́горъ (grágor, “pebble, shingle”), dial. гра́гор (grágor)

Macedonian: dial. грагор (gragor, “noise, buzz (of voices); chatter”)

From reduplication of onomatopoeic base *gor-gor.


Bělovoldъ

Bělovoldъ (nominative singular)
Bělovolda (genitive singular)
Bělovoldu (dative singular)
Bělovoldъ (accusative singular)
Bělovoldě (locative singular)
Bělovolde (singular vocative)

East Slavic: Бѣловолодъ (Bělovolodŭ)

From *bělъ (“white”) + *-o- + *volděti (“to rule”).


nestera

nestera (nominative singular)
nesterě (dual nominative)
nestery (nominative plural)
nestery (genitive singular)
nesteru (dual genitive)
nesterъ (genitive plural)
nesterě (dative singular)
nesterama (dative dual)
nesteramъ (dative plural)
nesterǫ (accusative singular)
nesterě (accusative dual)
nestery (accusative plural)
nesterojǫ (instrumental singular)
nesterǫ (instrumental singular)
nesterama (dual instrumental)
nesterami (instrumental plural)
nesterě (locative singular)
nesteru (dual locative)
nesterasъ (locative plural)
nesteraxъ (locative plural)
nestero (singular vocative)
nesterě (dual vocative)
nestery (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: нестера (nestera) (Russian)

East Slavic: нестера (nestera)

desc

Russian: нестера (nestera), Нестор (Nestor), Нестер (Nester)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: нестера

Latin script: nestera

West Slavic:

Old Polish: nieściora

From earlier *nepttera, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *nep(ō)t-:
* Derksen: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂nep-t-ter-eh₂, from *h₂nep-t-.
* ЭССЯ: From Proto-Indo-European *ne(p)-t-terā, from *neptī.
* Vasmer: From Proto-Indo-European *nept-tera, from *neptī(s).
Baltic cognates include Old Lithuanian nepuotis (“grandson, granddaughter”), neptė (“granddaughter”).
Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit नप्ती (naptī, “daughter, granddaughter”), Ancient Greek ἀνεψιός (anepsiós, “cousin”), Latin neptis (“granddaughter”), Old Irish necht (“niece”), Proto-Germanic *niftiz.

cog

ętry

sister-in-law (husband's brother's wife)


peťi

peťì (canonical imperfective)
peknǫti (perfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
pečenьje (noun-from-verb)
peťi (infinitive)
peťь (supine)
peklъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
pečenъ (participle passive past)
pekomъ (participle passive present)
pekъ (active participle past)
peky (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
pekъ (aorist first-person singular)
pekoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
peče (aorist second-person singular)
peče (aorist singular third-person)
pekǫ (first-person present singular)
pečeši (present second-person singular)
pečetь (present singular third-person)
pekově (aorist dual first-person)
pekoxově (aorist dual first-person)
peketa (aorist dual second-person)
pekosta (aorist dual second-person)
pekete (aorist dual third-person)
pekoste (aorist dual third-person)
pečevě (dual first-person present)
pečeta (dual present second-person)
pečete (dual present third-person)
pekomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pekoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pekete (aorist plural second-person)
pekoste (aorist plural second-person)
pekǫ (aorist plural third-person)
pekošę (aorist plural third-person)
pečemъ (first-person plural present)
pečete (plural present second-person)
pekǫtь (plural present third-person)
pečaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pečaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pečaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pьci (imperative second-person singular)
pьci (imperative singular third-person)
pečaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pečaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pečaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pьcěvě (dual first-person imperative)
pьcěta (dual imperative second-person)
pečaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pečaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pečaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pьcěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
pьcěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: печи (peči)

desc

Old Ruthenian: печи (peči), пекти (pekti)

Belarusian: пячы́ (pjačý), пекці́ (pjekcí)

Carpathian Rusyn: печі́ (pečí)

Ukrainian: пекти́ (pektý), печи́ (pečý)

Russian: печь (pečʹ)

Old Novgorodian: пеци (peći)

Old Pskovian: пекти (pekti)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: пещи (pešti)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⰵⱋⰹ (pešti)

Bulgarian: пека́ (peká)

Macedonian: пече (peče)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пе̏ћи

Latin script: pȅći

Slovene: péči (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: péci, péct

Polabian: pict

Old Polish: piec

Polish: piec

Silesian: piyc

Old Slovak: pécť, piecť

Pannonian Rusyn: печиц (pečic)

Slovak: piecť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: pjec

Lower Sorbian: pjac

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pektei, from Proto-Indo-European *pékʷeti. Cognate with Lithuanian kèpti, Latvian cept (via metathesis), Proto-Celtic *kʷokʷeti, Proto-Italic *kʷekʷō (whence English cook from Latin coquō), Proto-Indo-Iranian *páčati, Albanian pjek.
Akin to the Vulgar Latin loanword копторъ (koptorŭ, “cooker, hovel”) in demotic Church Slavonic (spec. Middle Bulgarian).

(reflexive) to get motivated, to put effort into, to care for


Gostislavъ

Gostislàvъ (canonical masculine)
Gostislavъ (nominative singular)
Gostislava (dual nominative)
Gostislavi (nominative plural)
Gostislava (genitive singular)
Gostislavu (dual genitive)
Gostislavъ (genitive plural)
Gostislavu (dative singular)
Gostislavomъ (dative plural)
Gostislavъ (accusative singular)
Gostislava (accusative dual)
Gostislavy (accusative plural)
Gostislavy (instrumental plural)
Gostislavě (locative singular)
Gostislavu (dual locative)
Gostislavěxъ (locative plural)
Gostislave (singular vocative)
Gostislava (dual vocative)
Gostislavi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: Гостисла́в (Hostysláv) (obsolete, rare)

Russian: Гостисла́в (Gostisláv) (obsolete, rare)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: Hostislav

Old Polish: Gościsław, Goscław

Slovak: Hosťislaw (Bernolák ortography)

→? Swedish: Gustav

From *gȍstь (“guest”) + *slàva (“glory, fame”). Compare Proto-Norse ᚺᛚᛖᚹᚨᚷᚨᛊᛏᛁᛉ (hlewagastiʀ).


onuťa

Oleg Trubachyov
Rick Derksen
ru:Журавлёв, Анатолий Фёдорович
ru:Черных, Павел Яковлевич
uk:Циганенко Галина Павлівна

onuťa (nominative singular)
onuťi (dual nominative)
onuťę̇ (nominative plural)
onuťę̇ (genitive singular)
onuťu (dual genitive)
onuťь (genitive plural)
onuťi (dative singular)
onuťama (dative dual)
onuťamъ (dative plural)
onuťǫ (accusative singular)
onuťi (accusative dual)
onuťę̇ (accusative plural)
onuťejǫ (instrumental singular)
onuťǫ (instrumental singular)
onuťama (dual instrumental)
onuťami (instrumental plural)
onuťi (locative singular)
onuťu (dual locative)
onuťasъ (locative plural)
onuťaxъ (locative plural)
onuťe (singular vocative)
onuťi (dual vocative)
onuťę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: онуча (onuča, “footwear”)

Belarusian: ану́ча (anúča, “footwrap”)

Russian: ону́ча (onúča, “footwrap”)

Middle Ukrainian: онуча (onuča, “footwrap”)

Ukrainian: ону́ча (onúča, “footwrap”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: оноуща (onušta, “shoe, sandal”)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Slovene: onúča (“footwrap”)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: onucě (“footwrap”)

Czech: onuce (“footwrap”)

Old Polish: onuca (“footwrap”)

Polish: onuca (“footwrap”)

Old Slovak: onuca (“footwrap”)

Slovak: onuca (“footwrap”)

* Per Tsyganenko: From **onuti + *-ja, from *on- + *uti.
* Per ESSJa: From *on- + **uťa, from *uti + *-ja. But on other hand, ESSJa derive *obuťa from Past PP *obutъ + *-ja or *obuti + *-ťa.
* Per Chernykh: From *obnutja, from *ob- + *nutja? Compare Slovene nuča, Polish nucy pl and Russian нутро (nutro) (< *ǫtro with n from внутрь (vnutrʹ)), обнять (obnjatʹ) (< -нять (-njatʹ) < *ęti).
Related to Slovene vnúča < *vъnuťa, Bulgarian навуще (navušte) < *na(v)uťe. See also Bulgarian на́вой (návoj, “footwrap”) < *navojь.


xoditi

xoďenьje (noun-from-verb)
xoditi (infinitive)
xoditъ (supine)
xodilъ (l-participle)
xoďenъ (participle passive past)
xodimъ (participle passive present)
xoďь (active participle past)
xodę (active participle present)
xodixъ (aorist first-person singular)
xodi (aorist second-person singular)
xodi (aorist singular third-person)
xoďǫ (first-person present singular)
xodiši (present second-person singular)
xoditь (present singular third-person)
xodixově (aorist dual first-person)
xodista (aorist dual second-person)
xodiste (aorist dual third-person)
xodivě (dual first-person present)
xodita (dual present second-person)
xodite (dual present third-person)
xodixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
xodiste (aorist plural second-person)
xodišę (aorist plural third-person)
xodimъ (first-person plural present)
xodite (plural present second-person)
xodętь (plural present third-person)
xoďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
xoďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
xoďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
xodi (imperative second-person singular)
xodi (imperative singular third-person)
xoďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
xoďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
xoďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
xodivě (dual first-person imperative)
xodita (dual imperative second-person)
xoďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
xoďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
xoďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
xodimъ (first-person imperative plural)
xodite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ходити (xoditi) (10th century)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: ходи́ти (xodíti)
Belarusian: хадзі́ць (xadzícʹ)
Carpathian Rusyn: ходи́ти (xodýty)
Ukrainian: ходи́ти (xodýty)

Russian: ходи́ть (xodítʹ), 1sg. хожу́ (xožú), 3sg. хо́дит (xódit)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: ходити (xoditi)

Glagolitic: ⱈⱁⰴⰻⱅⰻ (xoditi)

Bulgarian: хо́дя (hódja)

Macedonian: оди (odi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: хо̀дити, 1sg. хо̏дӣм

Latin: hòditi, 1sg. hȍdīm

Slovene: hóditi (tonal orthography), 1sg. họ́dim (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: choditi
Czech: chodit

Old Polish: chodzić
Polish: chodzić
Silesian: chodzić

Polabian: x’üdĕt

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: chòdzëc

Slovincian: chôdzëc

Old Slovak: chodiť, chodziť

Pannonian Rusyn: ходзиц (xodzic)

Slovak: chodiť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: chodźić

Lower Sorbian: chójźiś

From *xodъ (“motion, movement”) + *-iti, from Proto-Indo-European *sod- (“road, course”); cognate with Ancient Greek ὁδεύω (hodeúō, “to wander”), ὁδός (hodós, “road, path”). The Indo-European root has been further connected to the root *sed- (“to sit”) (whence *sadìti (“to plant”)), with semantic development along the lines of "sit" > "set" > "set off, go", though this has been disputed.


xrǫščь

xrǫ̃ščь (canonical masculine)
xrǫ̃ščь (nominative singular)
xrǭščà (dual nominative)
xrǭščì (nominative plural)
xrǭščà (genitive singular)
xrǭščù (dual genitive)
xrǫ̃ščь (genitive plural)
xrǭščù (dative singular)
xrǭščèma (dative dual)
xrǫ̃ščemъ (dative plural)
xrǫ̃ščь (accusative singular)
xrǭščà (accusative dual)
xrǭščę̇̀ (accusative plural)
xrǭščь̀mь (instrumental singular)
xrǭščèmь (instrumental singular)
xrǭščèma (dual instrumental)
xrǫ̃šči (instrumental plural)
xrǭščì (locative singular)
xrǭščù (dual locative)
xrǫ̃ščixъ (locative plural)
xrǫšču (singular vocative)
xrǭščà (dual vocative)
xrǭščì (plural vocative)

From *xrǫstъ + *-jь, ultimately of imitative origin, similar to Russian хруст (xrust, “crunch”).

onomatopoeic

imitative

Old Ruthenian: хрущъBelarusian: хрушчUkrainian: хрущ

х

Old Church Slavonic; Old Cyrillic script


xrǫščalь

xrǫščalь (nominative singular)
xrǫščali (dual nominative)
xrǫščalьje (nominative plural)
xrǫščali (genitive singular)
xrǫščalьju (dual genitive)
xrǫščalьjь (genitive plural)
xrǫščali (dative singular)
xrǫščalьma (dative dual)
xrǫščalьmъ (dative plural)
xrǫščalь (accusative singular)
xrǫščali (accusative dual)
xrǫščali (accusative plural)
xrǫščalьmь (instrumental singular)
xrǫščalьma (dual instrumental)
xrǫščalьmi (instrumental plural)
xrǫščali (locative singular)
xrǫščalьju (dual locative)
xrǫščalьxъ (locative plural)
xrǫščali (singular vocative)
xrǫščali (dual vocative)
xrǫščalьje (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: хрущя́л (hruštjál)

West Slavic:

Slovincian: chrõszczél


kvasъ

kvȃsъ (canonical masculine)
kvȃsъ (nominative singular)
kvȃsa (dual nominative)
kvȃsi (nominative plural)
kvȃsa (genitive singular)
kvasù (dual genitive)
kvãsъ (genitive plural)
kvȃsu (dative singular)
kvasomà (dative dual)
kvasòmъ (dative plural)
kvȃsъ (accusative singular)
kvȃsa (accusative dual)
kvȃsy (accusative plural)
kvȃsъmь (instrumental singular)
kvȃsomь (instrumental singular)
kvasomà (dual instrumental)
kvasý (instrumental plural)
kvȃsě (locative singular)
kvasù (dual locative)
kvasě̃xъ (locative plural)
kvase (singular vocative)
kvȃsa (dual vocative)
kvȃsi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: квасъ (kvasŭ)

Belarusian: квас (kvas)

Russian: квас (kvas)

Ukrainian: квас (kvas)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: квасъ (kvasŭ)

Glagolitic: ⰽⰲⰰⱄⱏ (kvasŭ)

Bulgarian: квас (kvas)

Macedonian: квас (kvas)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ква̑с

Latin script: kvȃs

Slovene: kvȃs (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kvas

Czech: kvas

Moravian (Mistřice): kvas

Polabian: kos

Polish: kwas

Slovak: kvas

Slovincian: kwas

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kwas

Lower Sorbian: kwas

From Proto-Indo-European *kweth₂-. Cognate with Latin cāseus (“cheese”), Sanskrit क्वथ् (kvath, “to boil”).