grěnъ

grěnъ (masculine nominative singular)
grěna (feminine nominative singular)
grěno (neuter nominative singular)
grěna (genitive masculine singular)
grěny (feminine genitive singular)
grěna (genitive neuter singular)
grěnu (dative masculine singular)
grěně (dative feminine singular)
grěnu (dative neuter singular)
grěnъ (accusative masculine singular)
grěnǫ (accusative feminine singular)
grěno (accusative neuter singular)
grěnomь (instrumental masculine singular)
grěnojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
grěnomь (instrumental neuter singular)
grěně (locative masculine singular)
grěně (feminine locative singular)
grěně (locative neuter singular)
grěne (masculine singular vocative)
grěno (feminine singular vocative)
grěno (neuter singular vocative)
grěna (dual masculine nominative)
grěně (dual feminine nominative)
grěně (dual neuter nominative)
grěnu (dual genitive masculine)
grěnu (dual feminine genitive)
grěnu (dual genitive neuter)
grěnoma (dative dual masculine)
grěnama (dative dual feminine)
grěnoma (dative dual neuter)
grěna (accusative dual masculine)
grěně (accusative dual feminine)
grěně (accusative dual neuter)
grěnoma (dual instrumental masculine)
grěnama (dual feminine instrumental)
grěnoma (dual instrumental neuter)
grěnu (dual locative masculine)
grěnu (dual feminine locative)
grěnu (dual locative neuter)
grěna (dual masculine vocative)
grěně (dual feminine vocative)
grěně (dual neuter vocative)
grěni (masculine nominative plural)
grěny (feminine nominative plural)
grěna (neuter nominative plural)
grěnъ (genitive masculine plural)
grěnъ (feminine genitive plural)
grěnъ (genitive neuter plural)
grěnomъ (dative masculine plural)
grěnamъ (dative feminine plural)
grěnomъ (dative neuter plural)
grěny (accusative masculine plural)
grěny (accusative feminine plural)
grěna (accusative neuter plural)
grěny (instrumental masculine plural)
grěnami (feminine instrumental plural)
grěny (instrumental neuter plural)
grěněxъ (locative masculine plural)
grěnaxъ (feminine locative plural)
grěněxъ (locative neuter plural)
grěni (masculine plural vocative)
grěny (feminine plural vocative)
grěna (neuter plural vocative)
grěnъjь (masculine nominative singular)
grěnaja (feminine nominative singular)
grěnoje (neuter nominative singular)
grěnajego (genitive masculine singular)
grěnyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
grěnajego (genitive neuter singular)
grěnujemu (dative masculine singular)
grěněji (dative feminine singular)
grěnujemu (dative neuter singular)
grěnъjь (accusative masculine singular)
grěnǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
grěnoje (accusative neuter singular)
grěnyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
grěnǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
grěnyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
grěnějemь (locative masculine singular)
grěněji (feminine locative singular)
grěnějemь (locative neuter singular)
grěnъjь (masculine singular vocative)
grěnaja (feminine singular vocative)
grěnoje (neuter singular vocative)
grěnaja (dual masculine nominative)
grěněji (dual feminine nominative)
grěněji (dual neuter nominative)
grěnuju (dual genitive masculine)
grěnuju (dual feminine genitive)
grěnuju (dual genitive neuter)
grěnyjima (dative dual masculine)
grěnyjima (dative dual feminine)
grěnyjima (dative dual neuter)
grěnaja (accusative dual masculine)
grěněji (accusative dual feminine)
grěněji (accusative dual neuter)
grěnyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
grěnyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
grěnyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
grěnuju (dual locative masculine)
grěnuju (dual feminine locative)
grěnuju (dual locative neuter)
grěnaja (dual masculine vocative)
grěněji (dual feminine vocative)
grěněji (dual neuter vocative)
grěniji (masculine nominative plural)
grěnyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
grěnaja (neuter nominative plural)
grěnъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
grěnъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
grěnъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
grěnyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
grěnyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
grěnyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
grěnyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
grěnyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
grěnaja (accusative neuter plural)
grěnyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
grěnyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
grěnyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
grěnyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
grěnyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
grěnyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
grěniji (masculine plural vocative)
grěnyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
grěnaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Belarusian: гряна́я f (hrjanája), грана́я (hranája) (dialectal)

Russian: грино́й (grinój) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: гре́ний (hrényj), гря́ний (hrjányj, “green”)

South Slavic:

⇒ Slovene: greníca (“green peel of nut”)

Bulgarian: гранясал (granjasal, “rancid”)

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *grēˀnas, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁-no-s. Relict participle with affix -n- from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁- (“to grow”).


govędo

govę̀do (canonical neuter)
govę̀do (nominative singular)
govę̀dě (dual nominative)
govę̀da (nominative plural)
govę̀da (genitive singular)
govę̀du (dual genitive)
govę̀dъ (genitive plural)
govę̀du (dative singular)
govę̀doma (dative dual)
govę̀domъ (dative plural)
govę̀do (accusative singular)
govę̀dě (accusative dual)
govę̀da (accusative plural)
govę̀dъmь (instrumental singular)
govę̀domь (instrumental singular)
govę̀doma (dual instrumental)
govę̀dȳ (instrumental plural)
govę̀dě (locative singular)
govę̀du (dual locative)
govę̀dě̄xъ (locative plural)
govę̀do (singular vocative)
govę̀dě (dual vocative)
govę̀da (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: говѧдо (govędo) (Russian)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: говѧдо (govędo)

desc

Belarusian: гавя́да (havjáda), гаўя́да (haŭjáda)

Russian: говя́до (govjádo)

Ukrainian: гов'я́до (hovʺjádo)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: говѧдо (govędo)

Glagolitic: ⰳⱁⰲⱔⰴⱁ (govędo)

Bulgarian: гове́до (govédo), гове́ндо (govéndo) (dialectal)

Macedonian: говедо (govedo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: го̀ведо

Latin script: gòvedo

Slovene: govẹ̑do (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hovado

Czech: hovado

Slovak: hovädo

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: howjado, howjadwo

Lower Sorbian: gowjedo

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cattle”) + *-ędo.


borvъ

bȏrvъ (canonical masculine)
borvъ (nominative singular)
borva (dual nominative)
borvi (nominative plural)
borva (genitive singular)
borvu (dual genitive)
borvъ (genitive plural)
borvu (dative singular)
borvoma (dative dual)
borvomъ (dative plural)
borvъ (accusative singular)
borva (accusative dual)
borvy (accusative plural)
borvъmь (instrumental singular)
borvomь (instrumental singular)
borvoma (dual instrumental)
borvy (instrumental plural)
borvě (locative singular)
borvu (dual locative)
borvěxъ (locative plural)
borve (singular vocative)
borva (dual vocative)
borvi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: боровъ (borovŭ)

Russian: бо́ров (bórov)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: бравъ (bravŭ)

Glagolitic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бра̑в

Latin script: brȃv

Slovene: brȃv

West Slavic:

Czech: brav

Polish: browek (dialectal)

Slovak: brav

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰorwos. Cognate with Albanian berr, Old Norse bǫrgr, Old High German barug, barh, Old English bearg (English barrow (“castrated boar”)).

wether (castrated stock animal either ram, buck, or hog)


dolka

dòlka (canonical feminine)
dolka (nominative singular)
dòlcě (dual nominative)
dòlky (nominative plural)
dòlky (genitive singular)
dòlku (dual genitive)
dòlkъ (genitive plural)
dòlcě (dative singular)
dòlkama (dative dual)
dòlkamъ (dative plural)
dòlkǫ (accusative singular)
dòlcě (accusative dual)
dòlky (accusative plural)
dòlkojǫ (instrumental singular)
dòlkǭ (instrumental singular)
dòlkama (dual instrumental)
dòlkamī (instrumental plural)
dòlcě (locative singular)
dòlku (dual locative)
dòlkasъ (locative plural)
dòlkaxъ (locative plural)
dòlko (singular vocative)
dòlcě (dual vocative)
dòlky (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: дла́ка (dláka) (dialectal)

Macedonian: длака (dlaka) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дла̏ка

Latin script: dlȁka

Slovene: dláka (tonal orthography)

Uncertain. Limited to South Slavic languages. Reconstructed as *dolka since Proto-Slavic *dl usually gets contracted to *l in South Slavic. If right, (per Berneker) perhaps akin to dial. Lithuanian délka f, délkas m (“fishing tool”) from délti (“to use up”).
Further origin possibly from Proto-Indo-European *delh₁- (“to split, to cleave”) + *-ka.


čajaznь

čajaznь (nominative singular)
čajazni (dual nominative)
čajazni (nominative plural)
čajazni (genitive singular)
čajaznьju (dual genitive)
čajaznьjь (genitive plural)
čajazni (dative singular)
čajaznьma (dative dual)
čajaznьmъ (dative plural)
čajaznь (accusative singular)
čajazni (accusative dual)
čajazni (accusative plural)
čajaznьjǫ (instrumental singular)
čajaznьma (dual instrumental)
čajaznьmi (instrumental plural)
čajazni (locative singular)
čajaznьju (dual locative)
čajaznьxъ (locative plural)
čajazni (singular vocative)
čajazni (dual vocative)
čajazni (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: чаꙗзнь (čajaznĭ) (Russian)


ǫgořь

ǫgořь (nominative singular)
ǫgoři (dual nominative)
ǫgořьje (nominative plural)
ǫgoři (genitive singular)
ǫgořьju (dual genitive)
ǫgořьjь (genitive plural)
ǫgoři (dative singular)
ǫgořьma (dative dual)
ǫgořьmъ (dative plural)
ǫgořь (accusative singular)
ǫgoři (accusative dual)
ǫgoři (accusative plural)
ǫgořьmь (instrumental singular)
ǫgořьma (dual instrumental)
ǫgořьmi (instrumental plural)
ǫgoři (locative singular)
ǫgořьju (dual locative)
ǫgořьxъ (locative plural)
ǫgoři (singular vocative)
ǫgoři (dual vocative)
ǫgořьje (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: *ѫгорь (*ǫgorĭ), *ѫгърь (*ǫgŭrĭ)

Middle Russian: угорь (ugorʹ), угрь (ugrʹ)

Russian: у́горь (úgorʹ); угрь (ugrʹ), уго́р (ugór), угр (ugr) (dialectal)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: угоръ (uhor), вугоръ (vuhor)
Belarusian: вуго́р (vuhór); уго́р (uhór) (dialectal)
Ukrainian: вуго́р (vuhór); ву́гор (vúhor), у́гор (úhor) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

⇒ Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: ѫгорищь (ǫgorištĭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: у̀гор

Latin script: ùgor

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: ogọ̑r, ọ̑gor (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: úhoř

Czech: úhoř

Kashubian: wãgòrz

Polabian: vǫďör

Old Polish: węgorz

Polish: węgorz, węgórz (dialectal)

→ Yiddish: ווענגער (venger)

Slovak: úhor

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: hugoŕ, wugoŕ

Upper Sorbian: wuhoŕ

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *angurjas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂engʷʰ-ur-yos (“snake-like, serpentine > eel”), enlargement of *h₂engʷʰ- (see *h₂éngʷʰis (“snake”)).
Cognate with Old Prussian angurgis, Lithuanian ungurỹs, Finnish ankerias (borrowed from Baltic), Ancient Greek ἔγχελυς (énkhelus), Latin anguilla. Related to *ǫžь (“snake”) and *ežь (“hedgehog”, originally a “snake-eater”).

der

Marko Snoj
Rick Derksen
ru:Варбот, Жанна Жановна
ru:Журавлёв, Анатолий Фёдорович


svatьba

svatьba (nominative singular)
svatьbě (dual nominative)
svatьby (nominative plural)
svatьby (genitive singular)
svatьbu (dual genitive)
svatьbъ (genitive plural)
svatьbě (dative singular)
svatьbama (dative dual)
svatьbamъ (dative plural)
svatьbǫ (accusative singular)
svatьbě (accusative dual)
svatьby (accusative plural)
svatьbojǫ (instrumental singular)
svatьbǫ (instrumental singular)
svatьbama (dual instrumental)
svatьbami (instrumental plural)
svatьbě (locative singular)
svatьbu (dual locative)
svatьbasъ (locative plural)
svatьbaxъ (locative plural)
svatьbo (singular vocative)
svatьbě (dual vocative)
svatьby (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сватьба (svatĭba)

Belarusian: сва́дзьба (svádzʹba)

Russian: сва́дьба (svádʹba)

desc

Ukrainian: сва́дьба (svádʹba), сва́йба (svájba)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сватьба (svatĭba)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⰲⰰⱅⱐⰱⰰ (svatĭba)

Bulgarian: сва́тба (svátba)

Macedonian: свадба (svadba)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сва̀дба

Latin script: svàdba

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: svȃtba, svȃdba (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: svatba

Czech: svatba

Bohemian (Chod dialect): svarba

Moravian (Mistřice): svaďba

Old Polish: swadźba

Old Slovak: svadba, *svaďba

Pannonian Rusyn: свадзба (svadzba)

Slovak: svadba

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: swajźba, swaźba


rokъ

rȍkъ (canonical masculine)
rȍkъ (nominative singular)
rȍka (dual nominative)
rȍci (nominative plural)
rȍka (genitive singular)
rokù (dual genitive)
ròkъ (genitive plural)
rȍku (dative singular)
rokomà (dative dual)
rokòmъ (dative plural)
rȍkъ (accusative singular)
rȍka (accusative dual)
rȍky (accusative plural)
rȍkъmь (instrumental singular)
rȍkomь (instrumental singular)
rokomà (dual instrumental)
roký (instrumental plural)
rȍcě (locative singular)
rokù (dual locative)
rocě̃xъ (locative plural)
roče (singular vocative)
rȍka (dual vocative)
rȍci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: рокъ (rokŭ)

Old Ruthenian: рокъ (rok)

Belarusian: рок (rok) (dated)

Carpathian Rusyn: рук (ruk)

Ukrainian: рік (rik)

Russian: рок (rok)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: рокъ (rokŭ)

Glagolitic: ⱃⱁⰽⱏ (rokŭ)

Macedonian: рок (rok)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ро̏к

Latin script: rȍk

Slovene: rọ̑k (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: rok
Czech: rok

desctree

Old Polish: rok
Polish: rok
Silesian: rok

Old Slovak: rok

Pannonian Rusyn: рок (rok)

Slovak: rok

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: rok

Slovincian: rôk

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: rok

From *reťi (“to speak, say”) + *-ъ, with semantic development "speech" > "fate" > "time, year" similar to that seen in Latin fātum. Cognate with Old Lithuanian rãkas (“time, limit, end”), Latvian raks (“goal, limit”), which are probably borrowed from Slavic.


berťi

berťì (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
berženьje (noun-from-verb)
berťi (infinitive)
berťь (supine)
berglъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
berženъ (participle passive past)
bergomъ (participle passive present)
bergъ (active participle past)
bergy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
bergъ (aorist first-person singular)
bergoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
berže (aorist second-person singular)
berže (aorist singular third-person)
bergǫ (first-person present singular)
beržeši (present second-person singular)
beržetь (present singular third-person)
bergově (aorist dual first-person)
bergoxově (aorist dual first-person)
bergeta (aorist dual second-person)
bergosta (aorist dual second-person)
bergete (aorist dual third-person)
bergoste (aorist dual third-person)
berževě (dual first-person present)
beržeta (dual present second-person)
beržete (dual present third-person)
bergomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bergoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bergete (aorist plural second-person)
bergoste (aorist plural second-person)
bergǫ (aorist plural third-person)
bergošę (aorist plural third-person)
beržemъ (first-person plural present)
beržete (plural present second-person)
bergǫtь (plural present third-person)
beržaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
beržaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
beržaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
berdzi (imperative second-person singular)
berdzi (imperative singular third-person)
beržaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
beržaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
beržaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
berdzěvě (dual first-person imperative)
berdzěta (dual imperative second-person)
beržaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
beržaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
beržaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
berdzěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
berdzěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: берагчы́ (bjerahčý)

Russian: бере́чь (beréčʹ)

desc

Ukrainian: беречи́ (berečý), берегти́ (berehtý)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: брѣщи (brěšti), Old Cyrillic script: небрѣщи (nebrěšti, “to neglect, to ignore”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бриjѐħи (archaic)

Latin script: brijèći (archaic)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *bergtei, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰergʰ-. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *berganą.


rьtǫtь

rьtǫtь (nominative singular)
rьtǫti (dual nominative)
rьtǫti (nominative plural)
rьtǫti (genitive singular)
rьtǫtьju (dual genitive)
rьtǫťu (dual genitive)
rьtǫtьjь (genitive plural)
rьtǫti (genitive plural)
rьtǫti (dative singular)
rьtǫtьma (dative dual)
rьtǫtьmъ (dative plural)
rьtǫtь (accusative singular)
rьtǫti (accusative dual)
rьtǫti (accusative plural)
rьtǫtьjǫ (instrumental singular)
rьtǫťǫ (instrumental singular)
rьtǫtьma (dual instrumental)
rьtǫtьmi (instrumental plural)
rьtǫti (locative singular)
rьtǫtьju (dual locative)
rьtǫťu (dual locative)
rьtǫtьxъ (locative plural)
rьtǫti (singular vocative)
rьtǫti (dual vocative)
rьtǫti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: рътуть (rŭtutĭ)

Belarusian: ртуць (rtucʹ)

Russian: ртуть (rtutʹ)

Ukrainian: ртуть (rtutʹ)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: rtut

Czech: rtuť

Bohemian (Chod dialect): tuť

Polish: rtęć

Slovak: ortuť

Probably a fossilized present active participle from the verb *rьtь, derived from Proto-Indo-European *wreyt- (“to twist”). If so, related to Lithuanian ri̇̀sti (“to roll”), riẽsti (“to roll up”), Latvian rist (“to roll”), riest (“to fall off, separate”), Proto-Germanic *wrīþaną (“to twist, turn”).


teťi

tečenьje (noun-from-verb)
teťi (infinitive)
teťь (supine)
teklъ (l-participle)
tečenъ (participle passive past)
tekomъ (participle passive present)
tekъ (active participle past)
teky (active participle present)
těxъ (aorist first-person singular)
teče (aorist second-person singular)
teče (aorist singular third-person)
tekǫ (first-person present singular)
tečeši (present second-person singular)
tečetь (present singular third-person)
těxově (aorist dual first-person)
těsta (aorist dual second-person)
těste (aorist dual third-person)
tečevě (dual first-person present)
tečeta (dual present second-person)
tečete (dual present third-person)
těxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
těste (aorist plural second-person)
těšę (aorist plural third-person)
tečemъ (first-person plural present)
tečete (plural present second-person)
tekǫtь (plural present third-person)
tečaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tečaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tečaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
tьci (imperative second-person singular)
tьci (imperative singular third-person)
tečaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tečaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tečaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tьcěvě (dual first-person imperative)
tьcěta (dual imperative second-person)
tečaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tečaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tečaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tьcěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
tьcěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: течи (teči)

Belarusian: цячы́ (cjačý)

Russian: те́чь (téčʹ)

Ukrainian: текти́ (tektý)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: тещи (tešti)

Glagolitic script: ⱅⰵⱋⰻ (tešti)

Bulgarian: тека́ (teká)

Macedonian: тече (teče)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: те̏ћи

Latin script: tȅći

Slovene: téči (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: téci

Czech: téci, téct

Old Polish: ciec

Polish: ciec

Slovak: tiecť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: ćec

Lower Sorbian: śac

From earlier *tekti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *tek-, from Proto-Indo-European *tekʷ- (“to run, flow”).
Baltic cognates include
Lithuanian tekė́ti (“to flow, run”), 3sg. tẽka and Latvian tecêt (“to flow, run”), 1sg. teku.
Indo-European cognates include
Sanskrit तक्ति (tákti, “to rush”),
Old Irish tachid (“to flee”).

inh

o(b)teťi*o(b)tekъ*o(b)tokъ

to outflow; to sediment, to bulk, to swell


męta

męta (nominative singular)
mętě (dual nominative)
męty (nominative plural)
męty (genitive singular)
mętu (dual genitive)
mętъ (genitive plural)
mętě (dative singular)
mętama (dative dual)
mętamъ (dative plural)
mętǫ (accusative singular)
mętě (accusative dual)
męty (accusative plural)
mętojǫ (instrumental singular)
mętǫ (instrumental singular)
mętama (dual instrumental)
mętami (instrumental plural)
mętě (locative singular)
mętu (dual locative)
mętasъ (locative plural)
mętaxъ (locative plural)
męto (singular vocative)
mętě (dual vocative)
męty (plural vocative)
*męty (alternative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: мя́та (mjáta)

Russian: мя́та (mjáta)

Ukrainian: м'я́та (mʺjáta)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: мѧта (męta)

Bulgarian: ме́тва (métva), ме́та (méta)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: ме̏тва, мѐтвица

Latin: mȅtva, mètvica

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: mẹ̑ta, mẹ̑tva (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: máta

Polish: mięta

Slovak: mäta

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: mjatej

Upper Sorbian: mjatej

→ Lithuanian: mėta

→? Romanian: mintă

From Latin mentha, from Ancient Greek μίνθη (mínthē).


ovoťe

ovoťè (nominative singular)
ovòťi (dual nominative)
ovòťa (nominative plural)
ovoťà (genitive singular)
ovoťu (dual genitive)
ovòťь (genitive plural)
ovoťù (dative singular)
ovoťema (dative dual)
ovòťemъ (dative plural)
ovoťè (accusative singular)
ovòťi (accusative dual)
ovòťa (accusative plural)
ovoťь̀mь (instrumental singular)
ovoťèmь (instrumental singular)
ovoťema (dual instrumental)
ovòťi (instrumental plural)
ovoťì (locative singular)
ovoťu (dual locative)
ovòťixъ (locative plural)
ovoťè (singular vocative)
ovòťi (dual vocative)
ovòťa (plural vocative)
*ovoťь (alternative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: овоще (ovošte)

Glagolitic script: ⱁⰲⱁⱋⰵ (ovošte)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: во̏ће

Latin script: vȍće

West Slavic:

Old Czech: ovoce

Czech: ovoce

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: овочь (ovočĭ)

Old Ruthenian: о́вочъ (óvoč)

Ukrainian: о́воч m (óvoč, “vegetable”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: овощь (ovoštĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱁⰲⱁⱋⱐ (ovoštĭ)

West Slavic:

Old Polish: owoc

Polish: owoc

Silesian: ôwoc

Old Slovak: ovoc

Pannonian Rusyn: овоц f (ovoc)

Slovak: ovoc

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: овощьѥ (ovoštĭje)

Glagolitic script: ⱁⰲⱁⱋⱐⰵ (ovoštĭe)

Bulgarian: ово́щия pl (ovóštija)

Macedonian: овошје (ovošje) (dialectal)

Slovene: ovóčje

West Slavic:

Slovak: ovocie

Oleg Trubachyov
ru:Журавлёв, Анатолий Фёдорович

Generally thought to be derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weg- (“to grow”), via an intermediate form *voksti-, though this is debated.
Early scholars (Miklošič, Uhlenbeck, Kiparsky, and still supported by Germanists) presumed borrowing from Old High German obaz, obez or Proto-West Germanic *obaet (“fruit”), which has been dismissed since then (by most Slavists) for phonetic and chronological reasons (though these reasons would not necessarily hold for a pre-OHG borrowing).

(collective) fruitage, vegetables (yield of flowering plants)


rъžь

rъ̏žь (nominative singular)
rъ̏ži (dual nominative)
rъ̏ži (nominative plural)
rъží (genitive singular)
rъžьjù (dual genitive)
rъžu (dual genitive)
rъžь̀jь (genitive plural)
rъ̏ži (dative singular)
rъžьmà (dative dual)
rъ̏žьmъ (dative plural)
rъ̏žь (accusative singular)
rъ̏ži (accusative dual)
rъ̏ži (accusative plural)
rъžьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
rъžьmà (dual instrumental)
rъžьmì (instrumental plural)
rъží (locative singular)
rъžьjù (dual locative)
rъžu (dual locative)
rъ̏žьxъ (locative plural)
rъži (singular vocative)
rъ̏ži (dual vocative)
rъ̏ži (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: ръжь (rŭžĭ)
Old Ruthenian: рожъ (rož)
Belarusian: аржа f (arža) (obsolete, rare, 1851)
Ukrainian: ріж (riž) (dialectal)
Russian: рожь (rožʹ)
→ Armenian: արիշ (ariš) (via a Kipchak language)
→ Bashkir: арыш (arış)
→ Crimean Tatar: арыш / arış
→ Kildin Sami: ро̄шшь (rōšš’)
→ Tatar: арыш (arış)
→ Yakut: оруос (oruos)

Old Novgorodian: ръжь (rŭžĭ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ръжь (rŭžĭ)

Bulgarian: ръж (rǎž)

Macedonian: ’рж (’rž)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ра̑ж

Latin script: rȃž

Slovene: ȓž, rəž (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: rež

Czech: rež

Moravian (Mistřice): réš

Polabian: raz

Kashubian: reż

Old Polish: reż
Polish: reż, resz, res, rez (Middle Polish)
Silesian: reż, res, rez

Old Slovak: raž

Slovak: raž

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: rež

Upper Sorbian: rož

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: rozs (from some Slavic source)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rugís, from Proto-Indo-European *Hrugʰís. Related to Lithuanian rugỹs, Latvian rudzis, Old Prussian rugis, Proto-Germanic *rugiz (see Old Norse rugr, English rye).


edlь

ȅdlь (canonical feminine)
ȅdlь (nominative singular)
ȅdli (dual nominative)
ȅdli (nominative plural)
edlí (genitive singular)
edlьjù (dual genitive)
edlь̀jь (genitive plural)
ȅdli (dative singular)
edlьmà (dative dual)
ȅdlьmъ (dative plural)
ȅdlь (accusative singular)
ȅdli (accusative dual)
ȅdli (accusative plural)
edlьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
edlьmà (dual instrumental)
edlьmì (instrumental plural)
edlí (locative singular)
edlьjù (dual locative)
ȅdlьxъ (locative plural)
edli (singular vocative)
ȅdli (dual vocative)
ȅdli (plural vocative)
*edlà (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ель (jelĭ)

Old Ruthenian: єль (jelʹ)
Ukrainian: яль (jalʹ), єль (jelʹ), їль (jilʹ), іль (ilʹ), иль (ylʹ) (dialectal)

Russian: ель (jelʹ)

Old Novgorodian: ѥль (jelĭ), ѥла (jela)

desc

Old Pskovian: ѥгль (jeglĭ), ѥгла (jegla)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ела́ (elá)

Macedonian: ела (ela)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: је́ла, је̏ла

Latin: jéla, jȅla

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: jẹ̑l, jẹ̑la, jẹ́lka (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jedl

Czech: jedle

⇒ Kashubian: jodlëna, jedlëna

Polabian: jadlă

desctree

Old Polish: jedl, jedla
Polish: jodła, jaglia, jeglia (Kociewie), jegiel (Near Masovian), jegla (Far Masovian), jedla (Kielce, Przemyśl)
Silesian: jŏdła, jodła (Steuer's Silesian Alphabet), jedła, jedła (Cieszyn)

Slovak: jedľa

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: jědla
→ Lower Sorbian: jedła

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *edlis, considered by Pokorny to be from Proto-Indo-European *h₁edʰ- (“sharp, pointy”); however, this is rejected by Genaust. It could instead be a borrowing from a European substrate.
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian ẽglė, Latvian egle, Old Prussian addle.


ǫpyrь

ǫpyrь (nominative singular)
ǫpyri (dual nominative)
ǫpyrьje (nominative plural)
ǫpyri (genitive singular)
ǫpyrьju (dual genitive)
ǫpyrьjь (genitive plural)
ǫpyri (dative singular)
ǫpyrьma (dative dual)
ǫpyrьmъ (dative plural)
ǫpyrь (accusative singular)
ǫpyri (accusative dual)
ǫpyri (accusative plural)
ǫpyrьmь (instrumental singular)
ǫpyrьma (dual instrumental)
ǫpyrьmi (instrumental plural)
ǫpyri (locative singular)
ǫpyrьju (dual locative)
ǫpyrьxъ (locative plural)
ǫpyri (singular vocative)
ǫpyri (dual vocative)
ǫpyrьje (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: упирь (upirĭ) (as a given name)

desc

Belarusian: ўпір (ŭpir), упір (upir), упир (upir) (obsolete), вупар (vupar) (obsolete)

Russian: упырь (upyrʹ)

Ukrainian: упир (upyr)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: вампир (vampir), въмпиръ (vǎmpir) (dialectal), въпиръ (vǎpir) (dialectal), вепир (vepir) (dialectal)

Macedonian: вампир (vampir), вопер (voper) (dialectal), јапер (japer) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: вампир, упир (archaic)

Serbo-Croatian: vampir, upir (archaic)

Slovene: vampir

West Slavic:

Czech: upír

Polish: wąpierz

Slovak: upír

Uncertain. Skok gives two hypotheses:
# From a northern Turkic language, in the form ubyr or ubyrly (“witch”). Compare Tatar убыр (ubır, “vampiric witch”), Chuvash вупӑр (vup̬ăr, “vampire”), Turkish obur (“glutton”), all from Proto-Turkic *ōpur, possibly from Proto-Turkic *ōp- (“to swallow, gulp down”). Vasmer finds this phonetically doubtful.
# A Slavic construction, from *u- + *pyřь, “flyer” with a privative prefix. Compare *netopyřь. According to this hypothesis *ǫpyrь could have originated as a taboo for *vьlkolakъ (cf. vukodlak).
Mel’nyčuk offers a different explanation, a Slavic construction from *ǫ- + *pyr-, “not burned”, with a privative prefix attached to a root meaning “fire”. The word would then indicate an uncremated corpse. He also lists alternative suggestions that others had proposed: a possible connection with *pyřь (“flyer”), as above; or from *vъ- + *pěrь as a coinage related to vrěpiti (“to cling”), supposedly because a vampire bites and clings to its victims.
Mel’nyčuk further proposes that the forms with initial vam- were derived by way of Old Church Slavonic *вѫпиръ (*vǫpirŭ) with prothetic *в-, borrowed into Byzantine Greek as βαμπύρος (bampúros) and then borrowed back into the South Slavic languages.


pepelъ

pȅpelъ (canonical masculine)
pȅpelъ (nominative singular)
pȅpela (dual nominative)
pȅpeli (nominative plural)
pȅpela (genitive singular)
pepelù (dual genitive)
pepèlъ (genitive plural)
pȅpelu (dative singular)
pepelomà (dative dual)
pepelòmъ (dative plural)
pȅpelъ (accusative singular)
pȅpela (accusative dual)
pȅpely (accusative plural)
pȅpelъmь (instrumental singular)
pȅpelomь (instrumental singular)
pepelomà (dual instrumental)
pepelý (instrumental plural)
pȅpelě (locative singular)
pepelù (dual locative)
pepelě̃xъ (locative plural)
pepele (singular vocative)
pȅpela (dual vocative)
pȅpeli (plural vocative)
*pȍpelъ (alternative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: по́пел (pópjel)

Russian: пе́пел (pépel)

Carpathian Rusyn: попіль (popilʹ)

Ukrainian: по́піл (pópil)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: Old Church Slavonic: пепелъ (pepelŭ), Old Church Slavonic: попелъ (popelŭ)

Glagolitic: Old Church Slavonic: ⱂⰵⱂⰵⰾⱏ (pepelŭ), Old Church Slavonic: ⱂⱁⱂⰵⰾⱏ (popelŭ)

Bulgarian: пе́пел (pépel)

Macedonian: пепел (pepel)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пе̏пео, по̏пел

Roman: pȅpeo, pȍpel

Slovene: pepẹ̑ł (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: popel

Czech: popel

Kashubian: pòpiół

Polabian: püpel

Polish: popiół

Slovak: popol

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: popjeł

Lower Sorbian: popjeł

From Proto-Indo-European *pepelh₁-o-, from a reduplicative of *pelh₁- (“to stroke, pound”). Cognate with Lithuanian pelenai̇̃ (“ashes”), plė́nis (“speck, fine ashes”), Latvian plẽne (“white ashes on coals”) and Old Prussian pelanne (“ashes”). See *paliti (“to burn”) for further potential cognates.


polvъ

polvъ (masculine nominative singular)
polva (feminine nominative singular)
polvo (neuter nominative singular)
polva (genitive masculine singular)
polvy (feminine genitive singular)
polva (genitive neuter singular)
polvu (dative masculine singular)
polvě (dative feminine singular)
polvu (dative neuter singular)
polvъ (accusative masculine singular)
polvǫ (accusative feminine singular)
polvo (accusative neuter singular)
polvomь (instrumental masculine singular)
polvojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
polvomь (instrumental neuter singular)
polvě (locative masculine singular)
polvě (feminine locative singular)
polvě (locative neuter singular)
polve (masculine singular vocative)
polvo (feminine singular vocative)
polvo (neuter singular vocative)
polva (dual masculine nominative)
polvě (dual feminine nominative)
polvě (dual neuter nominative)
polvu (dual genitive masculine)
polvu (dual feminine genitive)
polvu (dual genitive neuter)
polvoma (dative dual masculine)
polvama (dative dual feminine)
polvoma (dative dual neuter)
polva (accusative dual masculine)
polvě (accusative dual feminine)
polvě (accusative dual neuter)
polvoma (dual instrumental masculine)
polvama (dual feminine instrumental)
polvoma (dual instrumental neuter)
polvu (dual locative masculine)
polvu (dual feminine locative)
polvu (dual locative neuter)
polva (dual masculine vocative)
polvě (dual feminine vocative)
polvě (dual neuter vocative)
polvi (masculine nominative plural)
polvy (feminine nominative plural)
polva (neuter nominative plural)
polvъ (genitive masculine plural)
polvъ (feminine genitive plural)
polvъ (genitive neuter plural)
polvomъ (dative masculine plural)
polvamъ (dative feminine plural)
polvomъ (dative neuter plural)
polvy (accusative masculine plural)
polvy (accusative feminine plural)
polva (accusative neuter plural)
polvy (instrumental masculine plural)
polvami (feminine instrumental plural)
polvy (instrumental neuter plural)
polvěxъ (locative masculine plural)
polvaxъ (feminine locative plural)
polvěxъ (locative neuter plural)
polvi (masculine plural vocative)
polvy (feminine plural vocative)
polva (neuter plural vocative)
polvъjь (masculine nominative singular)
polvaja (feminine nominative singular)
polvoje (neuter nominative singular)
polvajego (genitive masculine singular)
polvyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
polvajego (genitive neuter singular)
polvujemu (dative masculine singular)
polvěji (dative feminine singular)
polvujemu (dative neuter singular)
polvъjь (accusative masculine singular)
polvǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
polvoje (accusative neuter singular)
polvyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
polvǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
polvyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
polvějemь (locative masculine singular)
polvěji (feminine locative singular)
polvějemь (locative neuter singular)
polvъjь (masculine singular vocative)
polvaja (feminine singular vocative)
polvoje (neuter singular vocative)
polvaja (dual masculine nominative)
polvěji (dual feminine nominative)
polvěji (dual neuter nominative)
polvuju (dual genitive masculine)
polvuju (dual feminine genitive)
polvuju (dual genitive neuter)
polvyjima (dative dual masculine)
polvyjima (dative dual feminine)
polvyjima (dative dual neuter)
polvaja (accusative dual masculine)
polvěji (accusative dual feminine)
polvěji (accusative dual neuter)
polvyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
polvyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
polvyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
polvuju (dual locative masculine)
polvuju (dual feminine locative)
polvuju (dual locative neuter)
polvaja (dual masculine vocative)
polvěji (dual feminine vocative)
polvěji (dual neuter vocative)
polviji (masculine nominative plural)
polvyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
polvaja (neuter nominative plural)
polvъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
polvъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
polvъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
polvyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
polvyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
polvyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
polvyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
polvyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
polvaja (accusative neuter plural)
polvyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
polvyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
polvyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
polvyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
polvyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
polvyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
polviji (masculine plural vocative)
polvyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
polvaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: половъ (polovŭ)

Belarusian: палавы́ (palavý)

desc

Russian: поло́вый (polóvyj), полово́й (polovój)

Ukrainian: полови́й (polovýj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: плавъ (plavŭ, “white”)

Glagolitic: ⱂⰾⰰⰲⱏ (plavŭ, “white”)

Bulgarian: плав (plav)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пла̑в (“blonde, blue”)

Latin script: plȃv (“blonde, blue”)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: plàv (“blue”) (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: plavý

Czech: plavý

Polish: płowy

Slovak: plavý

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: płowy

Upper Sorbian: płowy


vъšь

vъ̏šь (canonical feminine)
vъ̏šь (nominative singular)
vъ̏ši (dual nominative)
vъ̏ši (nominative plural)
vъší (genitive singular)
vъšьjù (dual genitive)
vъšu (dual genitive)
vъšь̀jь (genitive plural)
vъ̏ši (dative singular)
vъšьmà (dative dual)
vъ̏šьmъ (dative plural)
vъ̏šь (accusative singular)
vъ̏ši (accusative dual)
vъ̏ši (accusative plural)
vъšьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
vъšьmà (dual instrumental)
vъšьmì (instrumental plural)
vъší (locative singular)
vъšьjù (dual locative)
vъšu (dual locative)
vъ̏šьxъ (locative plural)
vъši (singular vocative)
vъ̏ši (dual vocative)
vъ̏ši (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: въшь (vŭšĭ)

Belarusian: вош (voš)

Russian: вошь (vošʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: уша (uša)

Ukrainian: во́ша (vóša), вош (voš)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: въшь (vŭšĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⱏⱎⱐ (vŭšĭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ва̑ш, у̑ш

Latin script: vȃš, ȗš

Slovene: ȗš, ȕš (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: veš

Czech: veš

Old Polish: wesz

Polish: wesz

Silesian: wesz

Old Slovak: voš

Pannonian Rusyn: вша (vša)

Slovak: voš

Polabian: vås

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: wesz

Slovincian: wesz

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: woš, weš

Upper Sorbian: woš

Uncertain, possibly ultimately connected with Proto-Germanic *lūs, Pokorny deriving both from Proto-Indo-European *lewH- (“louse”).
Possibly related to Baltic *ut-, cf. Lithuanian utėlė̃, uti̇̀s, Latvian uts. Compare also Lithuanian vievesà. The forms may have been distorted because of linguistic taboos.


sivъ

sìvъ (canonical)
sivъ (masculine nominative singular)
siva (feminine nominative singular)
sivo (neuter nominative singular)
siva (genitive masculine singular)
sivy (feminine genitive singular)
siva (genitive neuter singular)
sivu (dative masculine singular)
sivě (dative feminine singular)
sivu (dative neuter singular)
sivъ (accusative masculine singular)
sivǫ (accusative feminine singular)
sivo (accusative neuter singular)
sivomь (instrumental masculine singular)
sivojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
sivomь (instrumental neuter singular)
sivě (locative masculine singular)
sivě (feminine locative singular)
sivě (locative neuter singular)
sive (masculine singular vocative)
sivo (feminine singular vocative)
sivo (neuter singular vocative)
siva (dual masculine nominative)
sivě (dual feminine nominative)
sivě (dual neuter nominative)
sivu (dual genitive masculine)
sivu (dual feminine genitive)
sivu (dual genitive neuter)
sivoma (dative dual masculine)
sivama (dative dual feminine)
sivoma (dative dual neuter)
siva (accusative dual masculine)
sivě (accusative dual feminine)
sivě (accusative dual neuter)
sivoma (dual instrumental masculine)
sivama (dual feminine instrumental)
sivoma (dual instrumental neuter)
sivu (dual locative masculine)
sivu (dual feminine locative)
sivu (dual locative neuter)
siva (dual masculine vocative)
sivě (dual feminine vocative)
sivě (dual neuter vocative)
sivi (masculine nominative plural)
sivy (feminine nominative plural)
siva (neuter nominative plural)
sivъ (genitive masculine plural)
sivъ (feminine genitive plural)
sivъ (genitive neuter plural)
sivomъ (dative masculine plural)
sivamъ (dative feminine plural)
sivomъ (dative neuter plural)
sivy (accusative masculine plural)
sivy (accusative feminine plural)
siva (accusative neuter plural)
sivy (instrumental masculine plural)
sivami (feminine instrumental plural)
sivy (instrumental neuter plural)
sivěxъ (locative masculine plural)
sivaxъ (feminine locative plural)
sivěxъ (locative neuter plural)
sivi (masculine plural vocative)
sivy (feminine plural vocative)
siva (neuter plural vocative)
sivъjь (masculine nominative singular)
sivaja (feminine nominative singular)
sivoje (neuter nominative singular)
sivajego (genitive masculine singular)
sivyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
sivajego (genitive neuter singular)
sivujemu (dative masculine singular)
sivěji (dative feminine singular)
sivujemu (dative neuter singular)
sivъjь (accusative masculine singular)
sivǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
sivoje (accusative neuter singular)
sivyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
sivǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
sivyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
sivějemь (locative masculine singular)
sivěji (feminine locative singular)
sivějemь (locative neuter singular)
sivъjь (masculine singular vocative)
sivaja (feminine singular vocative)
sivoje (neuter singular vocative)
sivaja (dual masculine nominative)
sivěji (dual feminine nominative)
sivěji (dual neuter nominative)
sivuju (dual genitive masculine)
sivuju (dual feminine genitive)
sivuju (dual genitive neuter)
sivyjima (dative dual masculine)
sivyjima (dative dual feminine)
sivyjima (dative dual neuter)
sivaja (accusative dual masculine)
sivěji (accusative dual feminine)
sivěji (accusative dual neuter)
sivyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
sivyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
sivyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
sivuju (dual locative masculine)
sivuju (dual feminine locative)
sivuju (dual locative neuter)
sivaja (dual masculine vocative)
sivěji (dual feminine vocative)
sivěji (dual neuter vocative)
siviji (masculine nominative plural)
sivyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
sivaja (neuter nominative plural)
sivъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
sivъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
sivъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
sivyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
sivyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
sivyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
sivyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
sivyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
sivaja (accusative neuter plural)
sivyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
sivyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
sivyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
sivyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
sivyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
sivyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
siviji (masculine plural vocative)
sivyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
sivaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сивъ (sivŭ)

Belarusian: сівы́ (sivý)

Russian: си́вый (sívyj)

Ukrainian: си́вий (sývyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сивъ (sivŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⰹⰲⱏ (sivŭ)

Bulgarian: сив (siv)

Macedonian: сив (siv)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: си̑в

Latin script: sȋv

Slovene: sȋv (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sivý

Czech: sivý

Kashubian: sëwi

Polabian: saivĕ

Polish: siwy

Slovak: sivý

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: sywy (“grey, watery”)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śī́ˀwas, continuing Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱiHwós, either from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₁y- (“to shimmer”) or from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃y- (“to shade”). Baltic cognates include Lithuanian šývas (“light grey”), Old Prussian sijwan (“grey”).
Further akin to Old English hǣwе (“light blue, purple, grey, green”) from Proto-Germanic *hēwijaz, Avestan 𐬯𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀 (siiāuua), Sanskrit श्याव (śyāvá, “dark, dark brown”) (with e-grade stem).


degъtь

East Slavic:

Belarusian: дзёгаць (dzjóhacʹ)

Russian: дёготь (djógotʹ)

Ukrainian: дьоготь (dʹohotʹ); (dialectal) де́готь (déhotʹ), ді́готь (díhotʹ)

West Slavic:

Czech: dehet

Old Polish: dziegić

desc

Polish: dziegieć, dziecheć, dzieheć (Przemyśl), dziekeć (Middle Polish)

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: dzegc, dzekc

Slovak: decht

→ Hungarian: deget

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *degut(j)as, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰegʷʰ-. Equivalent to Pre-Slavic *degti (“to burn, to heat”) + *-ъtь.
Since Baltic forms have a clear connection between each noun and verb (cf. Lithuanian degùtas : dègti; Latvian deguts (“birch tar”) : degt) and Common Slavic has only *žeťi as a verb, *degъtь seems to be of Baltic origin. But Brückner did not see Polish dziegieć as Baltic borrowing and Derksen regards this term as a relic of Proto-Indo-European form


vьlkolakъ

vьlkolàkъ (canonical masculine)
vьlkolàkъ (nominative singular)
vьlkolàka (dual nominative)
vьlkolàci (nominative plural)
vьlkolàka (genitive singular)
vьlkolàku (dual genitive)
vьlkolàkъ (genitive plural)
vьlkolàku (dative singular)
vьlkolàkoma (dative dual)
vьlkolàkomъ (dative plural)
vьlkolàkъ (accusative singular)
vьlkolàka (accusative dual)
vьlkolàky (accusative plural)
vьlkolàkъmь (instrumental singular)
vьlkolàkomь (instrumental singular)
vьlkolàkoma (dual instrumental)
vьlkolàkȳ (instrumental plural)
vьlkolàcě (locative singular)
vьlkolàku (dual locative)
vьlkolàcě̄xъ (locative plural)
vьlkolàče (singular vocative)
vьlkolàka (dual vocative)
vьlkolàci (plural vocative)
*vьlkodlakъ (alternative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ваўкала́к (vaŭkalák)

desctree

Russian: волкула́к (volkulák), волкола́к (volkolák), волкодла́к (volkodlák)
→ Yiddish: וואָלקעלאַק (volkelak)

desc

Ukrainian: вовкула́к (vovkulák), вовкула́ка (vovkuláka)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: върколак (vǎrkolak), вълколак (vǎlkolak)

→ Aromanian: vãrculac / vurculac

→ Byzantine Greek: βουρκόλακας (bourkólakas)

Greek: βρικόλακας (vrikólakas)

→ Romanian: vârcolac

Macedonian врколак (vrkolak)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: вуко̀длак

Latin script: vukòdlak

Slovene: volkodlȃk (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: vlkodlak

Old Polish: wilkołak

Polish: wilkołak

Slovak: vlkolak, vlkodlak

From *vьlkъ (“wolf”) + *-o- + *dolkъ (“skin”). Cognate with Lithuanian vilkolakis (“werewolf”).


tynъ

tynъ (nominative singular)
tyna (dual nominative)
tyni (nominative plural)
tyna (genitive singular)
tynu (dual genitive)
tynъ (genitive plural)
tynu (dative singular)
tynoma (dative dual)
tynomъ (dative plural)
tynъ (accusative singular)
tyna (accusative dual)
tyny (accusative plural)
tynъmь (instrumental singular)
tynomь (instrumental singular)
tynoma (dual instrumental)
tyny (instrumental plural)
tyně (locative singular)
tynu (dual locative)
tyněxъ (locative plural)
tyne (singular vocative)
tyna (dual vocative)
tyni (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: тꙑнъ (tynŭ)

Belarusian: тын (tyn)

Russian: тын (tyn)

Ukrainian: тин (tyn)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Church Slavonic (Serbian recension): тынъ (tynŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ти̏н

Latin script: tȉn

Slovene: tìn

West Slavic:

Czech: týn

Polish: tyn

Borrowed from Proto-West Germanic *tūn (“fence”).


tvarogъ

tvarogъ (nominative singular)
tvaroga (dual nominative)
tvarodzi (nominative plural)
tvaroga (genitive singular)
tvarogu (dual genitive)
tvarogъ (genitive plural)
tvarogu (dative singular)
tvarogoma (dative dual)
tvarogomъ (dative plural)
tvarogъ (accusative singular)
tvaroga (accusative dual)
tvarogy (accusative plural)
tvarogъmь (instrumental singular)
tvarogomь (instrumental singular)
tvarogoma (dual instrumental)
tvarogy (instrumental plural)
tvarodzě (locative singular)
tvarogu (dual locative)
tvarodzěxъ (locative plural)
tvarože (singular vocative)
tvaroga (dual vocative)
tvarodzi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: тваро́г (tvaróh); тво́раг (tvórah), тво́рах (tvórax), творо́г (tvoróh), творі́х (tvoríx), твору́г (tvorúh) (dialectal)

desc

⇒ Belarusian: атваро́г (atvaróh), отворо́г (otvoróh) (dialectal)

Russian: творо́г (tvoróg), тваро́г (tvaróg), тво́рог (tvórog)

Carpathian Rusyn: тварі́г (tvaríh)

Ukrainian: тва́рог (tvároh), творі́г (tvoríh), творо́г (tvoróh), твору́г (tvorúh) (dialectal)

⇒ Ukrainian: отворо́г (otvoróh) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: тварогъ (tvarogŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱅⰲⰰⱃⱁⰳⱏ (tvarogŭ)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: tvaroh

Czech: tvaroh

Old Polish: twaróg

Polish: twaróg

Slovak: tvaroh

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: twaroh

Lower Sorbian: twarog

→ Middle High German: twarc

desctree

→ German: Quark
→ Danish: kvark
→ Dutch: kwark
→ English: quark
→ Japanese: クワルク (kuwaruku)
→ Kashubian: kwark
→ Korean: 크바르크 (keubareukeu)
→ Swedish: kvarg

→ German: Quargel

→ Serbo-Croatian: kvargl, кваргл

→ German Low German: Dwarg

→ Plautdietsch: Dwoaj

Probably related to *tvoriti, Old Church Slavonic творъ (tvorŭ, “form”), Russian утво́р (utvór, “leaven, ferment”), Czech tvořidlo (“container for cheesemaking”). Morphologically *tvar- + *-ogъ. For meaning compare French fromage, Italian formaggio.
Unlikely to be from a Turkic language (compare Chagatai [script needed] (turak, “cheese”)).


duriti

durìti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
duřenьje (noun-from-verb)
duriti (infinitive)
duritъ (supine)
durilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
duřenъ (participle passive past)
durimъ (participle passive present)
duřь (active participle past)
durę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
durixъ (aorist first-person singular)
duri (aorist second-person singular)
duri (aorist singular third-person)
duřǫ (first-person present singular)
duriši (present second-person singular)
duritь (present singular third-person)
durixově (aorist dual first-person)
durista (aorist dual second-person)
duriste (aorist dual third-person)
durivě (dual first-person present)
durita (dual present second-person)
durite (dual present third-person)
durixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
duriste (aorist plural second-person)
durišę (aorist plural third-person)
durimъ (first-person plural present)
durite (plural present second-person)
durętь (plural present third-person)
duřaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
duřaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
duřaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
duri (imperative second-person singular)
duri (imperative singular third-person)
duřaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
duřaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
duřaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
durivě (dual first-person imperative)
durita (dual imperative second-person)
duřaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
duřaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
duřaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
durimъ (first-person imperative plural)
durite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: дурить (duritʹ)

Ukrainian: дурити (duryty)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ду́рити се

Latin script: dúriti se

Slovene: dúriti

West Slavic:

Czech: duříť sa (dialectal)

Polish: durzyć

Slovak: duriť (dialectal)

From *durъ, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dʰew- with a suffix *-ro-. Cognate with Old Prussian dūrai (“shy”).


desętъ

desę̃tъ (canonical)
desętъ (masculine nominative singular)
desęta (feminine nominative singular)
desęto (neuter nominative singular)
desęta (genitive masculine singular)
desęty (feminine genitive singular)
desęta (genitive neuter singular)
desętu (dative masculine singular)
desętě (dative feminine singular)
desętu (dative neuter singular)
desętъ (accusative masculine singular)
desętǫ (accusative feminine singular)
desęto (accusative neuter singular)
desętomь (instrumental masculine singular)
desętojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
desętomь (instrumental neuter singular)
desętě (locative masculine singular)
desętě (feminine locative singular)
desętě (locative neuter singular)
desęte (masculine singular vocative)
desęto (feminine singular vocative)
desęto (neuter singular vocative)
desęta (dual masculine nominative)
desętě (dual feminine nominative)
desętě (dual neuter nominative)
desętu (dual genitive masculine)
desętu (dual feminine genitive)
desętu (dual genitive neuter)
desętoma (dative dual masculine)
desętama (dative dual feminine)
desętoma (dative dual neuter)
desęta (accusative dual masculine)
desętě (accusative dual feminine)
desętě (accusative dual neuter)
desętoma (dual instrumental masculine)
desętama (dual feminine instrumental)
desętoma (dual instrumental neuter)
desętu (dual locative masculine)
desętu (dual feminine locative)
desętu (dual locative neuter)
desęta (dual masculine vocative)
desętě (dual feminine vocative)
desętě (dual neuter vocative)
desęti (masculine nominative plural)
desęty (feminine nominative plural)
desęta (neuter nominative plural)
desętъ (genitive masculine plural)
desętъ (feminine genitive plural)
desętъ (genitive neuter plural)
desętomъ (dative masculine plural)
desętamъ (dative feminine plural)
desętomъ (dative neuter plural)
desęty (accusative masculine plural)
desęty (accusative feminine plural)
desęta (accusative neuter plural)
desęty (instrumental masculine plural)
desętami (feminine instrumental plural)
desęty (instrumental neuter plural)
desętěxъ (locative masculine plural)
desętaxъ (feminine locative plural)
desętěxъ (locative neuter plural)
desęti (masculine plural vocative)
desęty (feminine plural vocative)
desęta (neuter plural vocative)
desętъjь (masculine nominative singular)
desętaja (feminine nominative singular)
desętoje (neuter nominative singular)
desętajego (genitive masculine singular)
desętyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
desętajego (genitive neuter singular)
desętujemu (dative masculine singular)
desętěji (dative feminine singular)
desętujemu (dative neuter singular)
desętъjь (accusative masculine singular)
desętǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
desętoje (accusative neuter singular)
desętyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
desętǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
desętyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
desętějemь (locative masculine singular)
desętěji (feminine locative singular)
desętějemь (locative neuter singular)
desętъjь (masculine singular vocative)
desętaja (feminine singular vocative)
desętoje (neuter singular vocative)
desętaja (dual masculine nominative)
desętěji (dual feminine nominative)
desętěji (dual neuter nominative)
desętuju (dual genitive masculine)
desętuju (dual feminine genitive)
desętuju (dual genitive neuter)
desętyjima (dative dual masculine)
desętyjima (dative dual feminine)
desętyjima (dative dual neuter)
desętaja (accusative dual masculine)
desętěji (accusative dual feminine)
desętěji (accusative dual neuter)
desętyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
desętyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
desętyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
desętuju (dual locative masculine)
desętuju (dual feminine locative)
desętuju (dual locative neuter)
desętaja (dual masculine vocative)
desętěji (dual feminine vocative)
desętěji (dual neuter vocative)
desętiji (masculine nominative plural)
desętyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
desętaja (neuter nominative plural)
desętъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
desętъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
desętъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
desętyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
desętyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
desętyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
desętyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
desętyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
desętaja (accusative neuter plural)
desętyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
desętyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
desętyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
desętyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
desętyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
desętyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
desętiji (masculine plural vocative)
desętyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
desętaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: десѧтъ (desętŭ)

desc

Middle Russian: десѧтый (desjatyj), десѧтой (desjatoj)

Russian: деся́тый (desjátyj)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: десѧтый (desjatyj), десєтый (desjetyj)
Belarusian: дзяся́ты (dzjasjáty)
Carpathian Rusyn: деся́тый (desjátŷj)
Ukrainian: деся́тий (desjátyj)

Old Novgorodian: десѧте (desęte)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⰴⰵⱄⱔⱅⱏ (desętŭ)

Old Cyrillic script: десѧтъ (desętŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дѐсе̄тӣ

Latin script: dèsētī

Slovene: deséti

West Slavic:

Old Czech: desátý

Czech: desátý

Old Polish: dziesiąty
Polish: dziesiąty
Silesian: dziesiōnty

Old Slovak: desiaty

Pannonian Rusyn: дзешати (dzešati)

Slovak: desiaty

Polabian: diśǫtĕ

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: dzesąti

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: źasety

Upper Sorbian: dźesaty

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *deśimtás, from Proto-Indo-European *deḱm̥tós. Cognate with Lithuanian dešimtas, Latvian desmitais, Old Prussian dessīmts.


motyra

motyra (nominative singular)
motyrě (dual nominative)
motyry (nominative plural)
motyry (genitive singular)
motyru (dual genitive)
motyrъ (genitive plural)
motyrě (dative singular)
motyrama (dative dual)
motyramъ (dative plural)
motyrǫ (accusative singular)
motyrě (accusative dual)
motyry (accusative plural)
motyrojǫ (instrumental singular)
motyrǫ (instrumental singular)
motyrama (dual instrumental)
motyrami (instrumental plural)
motyrě (locative singular)
motyru (dual locative)
motyrasъ (locative plural)
motyraxъ (locative plural)
motyro (singular vocative)
motyrě (dual vocative)
motyry (plural vocative)
*motyřь (alternative)

East Slavic:

Russian: моты́ра (motýra)

From *motъ or *motati (“to wind”) + *-yra.


motyřь

motyřь (nominative singular)
motyřa (dual nominative)
motyři (nominative plural)
motyřa (genitive singular)
motyřu (dual genitive)
motyřь (genitive plural)
motyřu (dative singular)
motyřema (dative dual)
motyřemъ (dative plural)
motyřь (accusative singular)
motyřa (accusative dual)
motyřę̇ (accusative plural)
motyřьmь (instrumental singular)
motyřemь (instrumental singular)
motyřema (dual instrumental)
motyři (instrumental plural)
motyři (locative singular)
motyřu (dual locative)
motyřixъ (locative plural)
motyřu (singular vocative)
motyřa (dual vocative)
motyři (plural vocative)
*motyra (alternative)

East Slavic:

Russian: мо́ты́рь (mótýrʹ)

From *motъ or *motati (“to wind”) + *-yřь.


mьlgati

mьlganьje (noun-from-verb)
mьlgati (infinitive)
mьlgatъ (supine)
mьlgalъ (l-participle)
mьlganъ (participle passive past)
mьlgajemъ (participle passive present)
mьlgavъ (active participle past)
mьlgaję (active participle present)
mьlgaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
mьlga (aorist second-person singular)
mьlga (aorist singular third-person)
mьlgajǫ (first-person present singular)
mьlgaješi (present second-person singular)
mьlgajetь (present singular third-person)
mьlgaxově (aorist dual first-person)
mьlgasta (aorist dual second-person)
mьlgaste (aorist dual third-person)
mьlgajevě (dual first-person present)
mьlgajeta (dual present second-person)
mьlgajete (dual present third-person)
mьlgaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mьlgaste (aorist plural second-person)
mьlgašę (aorist plural third-person)
mьlgajemъ (first-person plural present)
mьlgajete (plural present second-person)
mьlgajǫtь (plural present third-person)
mьlgaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mьlgaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mьlgaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
mьlgaji (imperative second-person singular)
mьlgaji (imperative singular third-person)
mьlgaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mьlgaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mьlgaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mьlgajivě (dual first-person imperative)
mьlgajita (dual imperative second-person)
mьlgaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mьlgaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mьlgaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mьlgajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
mьlgajite (imperative plural second-person)

West Slavic:

Czech: mĺgat, mlgat

desc

Slovak: mlgať, mlogať, mogať, mogaliť, mogát

Correlative with *mьlsti. Expressive velarization.


mьlgonь

mьlgonь (nominative singular)
mьlgoni (dual nominative)
mьlgonьje (nominative plural)
mьlgoňe (nominative plural)
mьlgoni (genitive singular)
mьlgonьju (dual genitive)
mьlgoňu (dual genitive)
mьlgonьjь (genitive plural)
mьlgoni (genitive plural)
mьlgoni (dative singular)
mьlgonьma (dative dual)
mьlgonьmъ (dative plural)
mьlgonь (accusative singular)
mьlgoni (accusative dual)
mьlgoni (accusative plural)
mьlgonьmь (instrumental singular)
mьlgonьma (dual instrumental)
mьlgonьmi (instrumental plural)
mьlgoni (locative singular)
mьlgonьju (dual locative)
mьlgoňu (dual locative)
mьlgonьxъ (locative plural)
mьlgoni (singular vocative)
mьlgoni (dual vocative)
mьlgonьje (plural vocative)
mьlgoňe (plural vocative)

West Slavic:

Czech: mlhoň, mlgoň, magoň


pyrь

py̑rь (canonical masculine)
py̑rь (nominative singular)
py̑ri (dual nominative)
py̑rьjē (nominative plural)
pyrí (genitive singular)
pyrьjù (dual genitive)
pyrь̀jь (genitive plural)
py̑ri (dative singular)
pyrьmà (dative dual)
py̑rьmъ (dative plural)
py̑rь (accusative singular)
py̑ri (accusative dual)
py̑ri (accusative plural)
py̑rьmь (instrumental singular)
pyrьmà (dual instrumental)
pyrьmì (instrumental plural)
pyrí (locative singular)
pyrьjù (dual locative)
py̑rьxъ (locative plural)
pyri (singular vocative)
py̑ri (dual vocative)
py̑rьjē (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: пуры́нь (purýnʹ), пурина (purina, “ash”) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Bulgarian: пыро (pyro, “spelt”)

q

>? Bulgarian: фир (fir), фур (fur, “acrid, bitter substance”) (dated, in modern times: slang for “booze”)

⇒ пирива́ (pirivá, “acid soil”) (dialectal)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: pír (“smoldering fire”) (tonal orthography) (dialectal), pírh (“coloured Easter egg”), píra (“spelt”)

desc

>? Serbo-Croatian: пурњати, [Term?] (“fuming, to smoke”)

West Slavic:

Czech: pýř (“lye”)

desctree

Old Polish: pyrz (“dust”)
Polish: perz (“smoke”)

Most likely a substantive i-stem derivative from the direct-case stem of Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥ (“bonfire”), cognate with Old Prussian panno (“fire”) (derived from the oblique-case stem). Further origin is disputed. Commonly proposed etymologies include:
* From *paw- (“to strike”), whence Proto-Slavic *pyti (“to discern”), *pytati (“to examine, to request clarification”).
* From *puH- (“to rot”), whence Lithuanian pū́ti (“to rotten”), Latvian pũt (“to rotten”).
* From *pewH- (“to cleanse, to purify”), whence Latin pūrus (“pure”), pius (“devout”).
All of these roots may ultimately be w-extensions of Proto-Indo-European *(s)peh₂- (“to lash, to thrash, to wrench”) (reflected by Ancient Greek σπᾰ́ω (spắō, “to draw, to pluck”), etc.). Perhaps, from there is semi-onomatopoeic Proto-Slavic *patъ (“thump, smack”), *patati (“to bang”).

cog

(by extension) lye, product of combustion


pyrь

pỳrь (canonical masculine)
pyrь (nominative singular)
pỳri (dual nominative)
pỳrьjē (nominative plural)
pỳrī (genitive singular)
pỳrьju (dual genitive)
pỳrьjь (genitive plural)
pỳri (dative singular)
pỳrьma (dative dual)
pỳrьmъ (dative plural)
pyrь (accusative singular)
pỳri (accusative dual)
pỳri (accusative plural)
pỳrьmь (instrumental singular)
pỳrьma (dual instrumental)
pỳrьmī (instrumental plural)
pỳrī (locative singular)
pỳrьju (dual locative)
pỳrьxъ (locative plural)
pyri (singular vocative)
pỳri (dual vocative)
pỳrьjē (plural vocative)

West Slavic:

Czech: pýř (“couch grass”) (o-stem pýr is more commonly attested)

desctree

Old Polish: pyrz (“couch grass”)
Polish: perz (“couch grass”)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: pyŕ

Lower Sorbian: pyŕ

Per Trubačev, probably resultant from an alternative semantic development of Etymology 1 stemming back from Proto-Indo-European times. As a reason, he gives the circumstance that spelt needed to be treated thermally in order to be used. Similar semantic duality is observed in Old English fȳr (“fire”) and fyrs (“furze”). For further details, see the o-stem variant *pyrъ.
Possibly akin (via ter-stem) to Proto-Balto-Slavic *putrāˀ (“ground corn, cereal”) (whence Latvian putra (“porridge”)) from one of the above mentioned roots.


dubъ

dubъ (nominative singular)
duba (dual nominative)
dubi (nominative plural)
duba (genitive singular)
dubu (dual genitive)
dubъ (genitive plural)
dubu (dative singular)
duboma (dative dual)
dubomъ (dative plural)
dubъ (accusative singular)
duba (accusative dual)
duby (accusative plural)
dubъmь (instrumental singular)
dubomь (instrumental singular)
duboma (dual instrumental)
duby (instrumental plural)
dubě (locative singular)
dubu (dual locative)
duběxъ (locative plural)
dube (singular vocative)
duba (dual vocative)
dubi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: ду́ба (dúba, adv.)

desc

Ukrainian: ду́бом (dúbom, adv.), ду́ба (dúba, adv.)

South Slavic:

Macedonian: дуба (duba, adv.)

Serbo-Croatian: дубак (noun), дупкӣ (adj.), дупке (adv.)

Slovene: dȗbek (noun)

West Slavic:

Czech: dubkem (adv.)

Slovak: dupkom, dubkom (adv.)


drynъ

drynъ (nominative singular)
dryna (dual nominative)
dryni (nominative plural)
dryna (genitive singular)
drynu (dual genitive)
drynъ (genitive plural)
drynu (dative singular)
drynoma (dative dual)
drynomъ (dative plural)
drynъ (accusative singular)
dryna (accusative dual)
dryny (accusative plural)
drynъmь (instrumental singular)
drynomь (instrumental singular)
drynoma (dual instrumental)
dryny (instrumental plural)
dryně (locative singular)
drynu (dual locative)
dryněxъ (locative plural)
dryne (singular vocative)
dryna (dual vocative)
dryni (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: дрын (dryn)

Ukrainian: дрин (dryn)

Perhaps from Proto-Balto-Slavic *druˀnas, from Proto-Indo-European *drew- (“tree”). Cognate with Sanskrit द्रुणा (druṇā, “bow”), Persian درونه (daruna, “arc, rainbow, bow”), Ossetian ӕрдын (ærdyn), ӕрдунӕ (ærdunæ), андурӕ (anduræ, “bow (weapon)”).


sьrati

sьràti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
sьranьje (noun-from-verb)
sьrati (infinitive)
sьratъ (supine)
sьralъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
sьranъ (participle passive past)
seromъ (participle passive present)
sьravъ (active participle past)
sery (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
sьraxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sьra (aorist second-person singular)
sьra (aorist singular third-person)
serǫ (first-person present singular)
sereši (present second-person singular)
seretь (present singular third-person)
sьraxově (aorist dual first-person)
sьrasta (aorist dual second-person)
sьraste (aorist dual third-person)
serevě (dual first-person present)
sereta (dual present second-person)
serete (dual present third-person)
sьraxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sьraste (aorist plural second-person)
sьrašę (aorist plural third-person)
seremъ (first-person plural present)
serete (plural present second-person)
serǫtь (plural present third-person)
sьraaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sьraaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sьraaše (imperfect singular third-person)
seri (imperative second-person singular)
seri (imperative singular third-person)
sьraaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sьraašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sьraašete (dual imperfect third-person)
serěvě (dual first-person imperative)
serěta (dual imperative second-person)
sьraaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sьraašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sьraaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
serěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
serěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *сьрати (*sĭrati)

Old Ruthenian: *сра́ти (*sráti)

Belarusian: сраць (sracʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: сра́ти (sráty)

Ukrainian: сра́ти (sráty)

Russian: срать (sratʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: сера́ (será)

Macedonian: сере (sere)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сра̏ти

Latin script: srȁti

Slovene: sráti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: srát

Kashubian: srac

Polabian: sarăt, *śårăt

Polish: srać

Slovak: srať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: srać

Lower Sorbian: sraś

From Proto-Indo-European *sḱer- (Pokorny, Vasmer).
Compare Lithuanian sar̃ni, Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀 (saⁱriia), Persian سرگین (sargin), Sanskrit शर्धते (śárdhate), अवशर्धयति (avaśardhayati), possibly Ancient Greek σκῶρ (skôr), Proto-Germanic *skarną (“manure”) (whence Icelandic skarn).


vьrša

vь̀rša (canonical feminine)
vь̀rša (nominative singular)
vь̀rši (dual nominative)
vь̀ršę̇ (nominative plural)
vь̀ršę̇ (genitive singular)
vь̀ršu (dual genitive)
vь̀ršь (genitive plural)
vь̀ršī (dative singular)
vь̀ršama (dative dual)
vь̀ršāmъ (dative plural)
vь̀ršǫ (accusative singular)
vь̀rši (accusative dual)
vь̀ršę̇ (accusative plural)
vь̀ršējǫ (instrumental singular)
vь̀ršǭ (instrumental singular)
vь̀ršama (dual instrumental)
vь̀ršāmī (instrumental plural)
vь̀ršī (locative singular)
vь̀ršu (dual locative)
vь̀ršāsъ (locative plural)
vь̀rše (singular vocative)
vь̀rši (dual vocative)
vь̀ršę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: вьрша (vĭrša), врьша (vrĭša)

Belarusian: вярша (vjarša)

Russian: ве́рша (vérša)

Ukrainian: ве́рша (vérša)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: въ́рша (vǎ́rša)

Macedonian: врша (vrša)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: вр̑ша

Latin script: vȓša

Slovene: vŕša (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vršě

Czech: vrše

Old Polish: wiersza, wirsza

Polish: wiersza

Slovak: vrša

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wjerša

Lower Sorbian: wjerša

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: varsa

→ Romanian: vârșă

From Proto-Indo-European:
* Derksen: *wr̥ǵ- (see *werǵ-); Therefore from earlier *virzsjā. Morphologically *vьrz- + *-ša.
: Cognate with Proto-Germanic *werką (> Old High German werc (“work”)), *wirkijaną (> Old High German wirken (“to manufacture by sowing, stitching or weaving”))
* Vasmer: *werǵʰsyeh₂ (see *werǵʰ-) or *vьrxъ + *-ja (< *wr̥s- / *wers-).
: Cognate with Lithuanian veržỹs.
Baltic cognates include
Lithuanian váržas,
Latvian var̂za.

cog

fishing basket, fishing trap made of osiers


mačerъ

mačerъ (nominative singular)
mačera (dual nominative)
mačeri (nominative plural)
mačera (genitive singular)
mačeru (dual genitive)
mačerъ (genitive plural)
mačeru (dative singular)
mačeroma (dative dual)
mačeromъ (dative plural)
mačerъ (accusative singular)
mačera (accusative dual)
mačery (accusative plural)
mačerъmь (instrumental singular)
mačeromь (instrumental singular)
mačeroma (dual instrumental)
mačery (instrumental plural)
mačerě (locative singular)
mačeru (dual locative)
mačerěxъ (locative plural)
mačere (singular vocative)
mačera (dual vocative)
mačeri (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ма́чор (máčor)

Macedonian: ма́чор (máčor)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мачор, мачур

Latin: mačor, mačur

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: ма́цу́р (mácúr)

From *maca (“cat, pussy”) + *-erъ (“male suffix”). Compare *gǫserъ < *gǫsь.


měsiti

mě̄sìti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
měšenьje (noun-from-verb)
měsiti (infinitive)
měsitъ (supine)
měsilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
měšenъ (participle passive past)
měsimъ (participle passive present)
měšь (active participle past)
měsę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
měsixъ (aorist first-person singular)
měsi (aorist second-person singular)
měsi (aorist singular third-person)
měšǫ (first-person present singular)
měsiši (present second-person singular)
měsitь (present singular third-person)
měsixově (aorist dual first-person)
měsista (aorist dual second-person)
měsiste (aorist dual third-person)
měsivě (dual first-person present)
měsita (dual present second-person)
měsite (dual present third-person)
měsixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
měsiste (aorist plural second-person)
měsišę (aorist plural third-person)
měsimъ (first-person plural present)
měsite (plural present second-person)
měsętь (plural present third-person)
měšaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
měšaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
měšaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
měsi (imperative second-person singular)
měsi (imperative singular third-person)
měšaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
měšaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
měšaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
měsivě (dual first-person imperative)
měsita (dual imperative second-person)
měšaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
měšaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
měšaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
měsimъ (first-person imperative plural)
měsite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мѣсити (měsiti) (12th-13th century), мѣситисꙗ (měsitisja) (11th century)

Belarusian: мясі́ць (mjasícʹ)

Russian: меси́ть (mesítʹ)

Ukrainian: міси́ти (misýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мѣсити (měsiti)

Glagolitic: ⰿⱑⱄⰹⱅⰹ (měsiti)

Bulgarian: ме́ся (mésja)

Macedonian: ме́си (mési)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ме́сити

Latin script: mésiti

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: mesīti, mẹ́siti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: miesiti

Czech: mísit

Polish: miesić

Old Slovak:

Pannonian Rusyn: мишиц (mišic)

Slovak: miesiť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: měsyć

Lower Sorbian: měsyś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *máiśīˀtei (“to mix”), from Proto-Indo-European *moyḱ-éye-ti (“to mix”, causative), from *meyḱ- (“to mix”).


maklenъ

maklenъ (nominative singular)
maklena (dual nominative)
makleni (nominative plural)
maklena (genitive singular)
maklenu (dual genitive)
maklenъ (genitive plural)
maklenu (dative singular)
maklenoma (dative dual)
maklenomъ (dative plural)
maklenъ (accusative singular)
maklena (accusative dual)
makleny (accusative plural)
maklenъmь (instrumental singular)
maklenomь (instrumental singular)
maklenoma (dual instrumental)
makleny (instrumental plural)
makleně (locative singular)
maklenu (dual locative)
makleněxъ (locative plural)
maklene (singular vocative)
maklena (dual vocative)
makleni (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: маклен (maklen)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ма̏клен, ма̏кљен

Latin script: mȁklen, mȁkljen

Slovene: maklȅn, meklȅn

From *ma / *mě (mā / mē) (“negation”) + *klenъ.
* Compare same prefix in Slovene macésən (“larch”).
* Compare parallel forms with other prefixes *ne, *pa-: Russian неклён (nekljón) and паклён (pakljón), Czech neklen, Polish nieklon, Bulgarian неклен (neklen), etc.


-erъ

-erъ (nominative singular)
-era (dual nominative)
-eri (nominative plural)
-era (genitive singular)
-eru (dual genitive)
-erъ (genitive plural)
-eru (dative singular)
-eroma (dative dual)
-eromъ (dative plural)
-erъ (accusative singular)
-era (accusative dual)
-ery (accusative plural)
-erъmь (instrumental singular)
-eromь (instrumental singular)
-eroma (dual instrumental)
-ery (instrumental plural)
-erě (locative singular)
-eru (dual locative)
-erěxъ (locative plural)
-ere (singular vocative)
-era (dual vocative)
-eri (plural vocative)

gǫsь (“goose”) → *gǫserъ (“gander (male goose)”)

kotъ (“cat”) → *koťerъ (“tomcat (male cat)”)

maca (“cat, pussy”) → *mačerъ (“tomcat (male cat)”)

myšь (“mouse”) → *myšerъ

Denominal, from the root, forming nouns denoting male creature.


krasa

krāsà (canonical feminine)
krāsà (nominative singular)
krãsě (dual nominative)
krāsỳ (nominative plural)
krāsỳ (genitive singular)
krāsù (dual genitive)
krãsъ (genitive plural)
krāsě̀ (dative singular)
krāsàma (dative dual)
krāsàmъ (dative plural)
krāsǫ̀ (accusative singular)
krãsě (accusative dual)
krāsỳ (accusative plural)
krāsòjǫ (instrumental singular)
krãsǫ (instrumental singular)
krāsàma (dual instrumental)
krāsàmī (instrumental plural)
krāsě̀ (locative singular)
krāsù (dual locative)
krāsàsъ (locative plural)
krāsàxъ (locative plural)
kraso (singular vocative)
krãsě (dual vocative)
krāsỳ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: краса (krasa)
Old Ruthenian: краса́ (krasá)
Belarusian: краса́ (krasá)
Carpathian Rusyn: краса́ (krasá)
Ukrainian: краса́ (krasá)
Russian: краса́ (krasá)
→ Latgalian: kruosa
→ Latvian: krāsa

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: краса (krasa)

Glagolitic script: ⰽⱃⰰⱄⰰ (krasa)

Bulgarian: кра́са (krása)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кра́са

Latin script: krása

West Slavic:

Old Czech: krása

Czech: krása

Old Polish: krasa

Polish: krasa

Old Slovak: krása

Pannonian Rusyn: краса (krasa)

Slovak: krása

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: krasa

Lower Sorbian: kšasa

Of unclear origin. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kreH-, and cognate with Proto-Germanic *hrōþiz (“praise, fame”) (whence Old Norse hrósa (“to brag, to boast”)).


krosno

krȍsno (canonical neuter)
krȍsno (nominative singular)
krȍsně (dual nominative)
krosnà (nominative plural)
krȍsna (genitive singular)
krosnù (dual genitive)
kròsnъ (genitive plural)
krȍsnu (dative singular)
krosnomà (dative dual)
krosnòmъ (dative plural)
krȍsno (accusative singular)
krȍsně (accusative dual)
krosnà (accusative plural)
krȍsnъmь (instrumental singular)
krȍsnomь (instrumental singular)
krosnomà (dual instrumental)
krosný (instrumental plural)
krȍsně (locative singular)
krosnù (dual locative)
krosně̃xъ (locative plural)
krȍsno (singular vocative)
krȍsně (dual vocative)
krosnà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кросна (krosna)

desc

Russian: кро́сно (krósno), кро́сна (krósna)

Ukrainian: кро́сно (krósno), кро́сна (krósna)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: кросна (krosna)

Glagolitic script: ⰽⱃⱁⱄⱀⰰ (krosna)

Bulgarian: кросно́ (krosnó), кро́сна (krósna)

Macedonian: кросно (krosno)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кро̏сно, кро̏сна

Latin script: krȍsno, krȍsna

Slovene: krósna (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: krosna

Czech: krosna

Bohemian (Chod dialect): krosna

Polish: krosno

Polabian: krösnü

Slovak: krosná

Slovincian: krôsna n pl

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: krosna

Lower Sorbian: krosno


dvorъ

dvòrъ (canonical masculine)
dvòrъ (nominative singular)
dvorà (dual nominative)
dvorì (nominative plural)
dvorà (genitive singular)
dvorù (dual genitive)
dvòrъ (genitive plural)
dvorù (dative singular)
dvoròma (dative dual)
dvoròmъ (dative plural)
dvòrъ (accusative singular)
dvorà (accusative dual)
dvorỳ (accusative plural)
dvorъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
dvoròmь (instrumental singular)
dvoròma (dual instrumental)
dvòry (instrumental plural)
dvorě̀ (locative singular)
dvorù (dual locative)
dvòrěxъ (locative plural)
dvore (singular vocative)
dvorà (dual vocative)
dvorì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дворъ (dvorŭ)

Belarusian: двор (dvor)

Russian: двор (dvor)

Ukrainian: двір (dvir)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: дворъ (dvorŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰴⰲⱁⱃⱏ (dvorŭ)

Bulgarian: двор (dvor)

Macedonian: двор (dvor)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дво̑р

Latin script: dvȏr

Slovene: dvọ̀r

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dvór

Czech: dvůr

Polabian: dör

Polish: dwór

Slovak: dvor

Slovincian: dwór

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: dwór

Lower Sorbian: dwór

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: udvar

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dwára (“doorway”), turning masculine by Illič-Svityč's rule, from earlier *dwáran, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwór-o-m, from *dʰwer- (“door”). Compare Latin forum, Old English dor.


dositi

došenьje (noun-from-verb)
dositi (infinitive)
dositъ (supine)
dosilъ (l-participle)
došenъ (participle passive past)
došь (active participle past)
dosixъ (aorist first-person singular)
dosi (aorist second-person singular)
dosi (aorist singular third-person)
došǫ (first-person present singular)
dosiši (present second-person singular)
dositь (present singular third-person)
dosixově (aorist dual first-person)
dosista (aorist dual second-person)
dosiste (aorist dual third-person)
dosivě (dual first-person present)
dosita (dual present second-person)
dosite (dual present third-person)
dosixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dosiste (aorist plural second-person)
dosišę (aorist plural third-person)
dosimъ (first-person plural present)
dosite (plural present second-person)
dosętь (plural present third-person)
dosi (imperative second-person singular)
dosi (imperative singular third-person)
dosivě (dual first-person imperative)
dosita (dual imperative second-person)
dosimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dosite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: досити (dositi, “find, encounter”)

South Slavic:

Church Slavonic: досити (dositi, “find, encounter”)

From Proto-Indo-European *deḱ- (“take, perceive”).


zęba

zęba (nominative singular)
zębě (dual nominative)
zęby (nominative plural)
zęby (genitive singular)
zębu (dual genitive)
zębъ (genitive plural)
zębě (dative singular)
zębama (dative dual)
zębamъ (dative plural)
zębǫ (accusative singular)
zębě (accusative dual)
zęby (accusative plural)
zębojǫ (instrumental singular)
zębǫ (instrumental singular)
zębama (dual instrumental)
zębami (instrumental plural)
zębě (locative singular)
zębu (dual locative)
zębasъ (locative plural)
zębaxъ (locative plural)
zębo (singular vocative)
zębě (dual vocative)
zęby (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

⇒ Old East Slavic: *зѧбьлъ m (*zębĭlŭ)

desc

⇒ Old East Slavic: *зѧ́бьликъ m (*zę́bĭlikŭ)

Belarusian: зя́блік m (zjáblik)

Carpathian Rusyn: зя́блик m (zjáblyk)

Russian: зя́блик m (zjáblik)

Ukrainian: зя́блик m (zjáblyk)

⇒ Carpathian Rusyn: зя́бка f (zjábka)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: зе́ба

Latin script: zéba

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: zę́ba (dialectal) (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Polish: zięba

Slovak: zeba

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: zyba

Upper Sorbian: zyba

From *zę(b)ti + *-a.
Compare typologically Macedonian снегар (snegar) (< снег (sneg) < *sněgъ).

Oleg Trubachyov
ru:Шанский, Николай Максимович
uk:Мельничук Олександр Савич
uk:Циганенко Галина Павлівна


verskъ

vȇrskъ (canonical masculine)
vȇrskъ (nominative singular)
vȇrska (dual nominative)
vȇrsci (nominative plural)
vȇrska (genitive singular)
verskù (dual genitive)
vẽrskъ (genitive plural)
vȇrsku (dative singular)
verskomà (dative dual)
verskòmъ (dative plural)
vȇrskъ (accusative singular)
vȇrska (accusative dual)
vȇrsky (accusative plural)
vȇrskъmь (instrumental singular)
vȇrskomь (instrumental singular)
verskomà (dual instrumental)
verský (instrumental plural)
vȇrscě (locative singular)
verskù (dual locative)
verscě̃xъ (locative plural)
veršče (singular vocative)
vȇrska (dual vocative)
vȇrsci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: ве́реск (véresk)

An alternative form of *vȇrsъ perhaps a *-(s)k- suffix. Cognates include Proto-Celtic *wroikos and Ancient Greek ἐρείκη (ereíkē, “heather”).


verskъ

vèrskъ (canonical masculine)
vẽrskъ (nominative singular)
vērskà (dual nominative)
vērscì (nominative plural)
vērskà (genitive singular)
vērskù (dual genitive)
vẽrskъ (genitive plural)
vērskù (dative singular)
vērskòma (dative dual)
vērskòmъ (dative plural)
vẽrskъ (accusative singular)
vērskà (accusative dual)
vērskỳ (accusative plural)
vērskъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
vērskòmь (instrumental singular)
vērskòma (dual instrumental)
vẽrsky (instrumental plural)
vērscě̀ (locative singular)
vērskù (dual locative)
vẽrscěxъ (locative plural)
veršče (singular vocative)
vērskà (dual vocative)
vērscì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old Ruthenian: ве́рескъ (véresk)

Belarusian: ве́раск (vjérask)

Ukrainian: ве́реск (véresk)

Russian: верезга́ (verezgá)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: вря́сък (vrjásǎk)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ври̑сак

Latin script: vrȋsak

Slovene: vrẹ̀sk

West Slavic:

Czech: vřesk

Polish: wrzask

From *vьrati (“to shout, to lie”) + *-skъ, onomatopoeic in nature. Probably from Proto-Indo-European *werh₁- (“to put in word”).


versъ

vȇrsъ (canonical masculine)
vȇrsъ (nominative singular)
vȇrsa (dual nominative)
vȇrsi (nominative plural)
vȇrsa (genitive singular)
versù (dual genitive)
vẽrsъ (genitive plural)
vȇrsu (dative singular)
versomà (dative dual)
versòmъ (dative plural)
vȇrsъ (accusative singular)
vȇrsa (accusative dual)
vȇrsy (accusative plural)
vȇrsъmь (instrumental singular)
vȇrsomь (instrumental singular)
versomà (dual instrumental)
versý (instrumental plural)
vȇrsě (locative singular)
versù (dual locative)
versě̃xъ (locative plural)
verse (singular vocative)
vȇrsa (dual vocative)
vȇrsi (plural vocative)
*vȇrskъ (alternative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ве́рас (vjéras)

Ukrainian: ве́рес (véres)

⇒ Russian: ве́реск (véresk)

Russian: ве́рес (véres) (juniper (dialectal))

→ Itelmen: вэрэс

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: vrȇs

Cyrillic: вре̑с

Slovene: vrẹ̑s

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vřěs

Czech: vřes

Old Polish: wrzos

Polish: wrzos

Old Slovak: vres

Slovak: vres

Upper Sorbian: wrjós

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *werˀź-, *wirˀź- (whence Lithuanian vi̇̀ržis (“heather”), Latvian vir̂zis (“heather”)), from an unknown non-Indo-European substrate source. Cognates include Proto-Celtic *wroikos (“heather”) and Ancient Greek ἐρείκη (ereíkē, “heather”).
Pokorny suggests a connection to *vьrša (“fishing basket”), see also Ancient Greek ῥίμφα (rhímpha, “fast, quickly”).


pьšeno

pьšenò (canonical neuter)
pьšenò (nominative singular)
pьšèně (dual nominative)
pьšenà (nominative plural)
pьšenà (genitive singular)
pьšenù (dual genitive)
pьšènъ (genitive plural)
pьšenù (dative singular)
pьšenòma (dative dual)
pьšenòmъ (dative plural)
pьšenò (accusative singular)
pьšèně (accusative dual)
pьšenà (accusative plural)
pьšenъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
pьšenòmь (instrumental singular)
pьšenòma (dual instrumental)
pьšèny (instrumental plural)
pьšeně̀ (locative singular)
pьšenù (dual locative)
pьšèněxъ (locative plural)
pьšenò (singular vocative)
pьšèně (dual vocative)
pьšenà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: пьшено (pĭšeno)
Belarusian: пшано́ (pšanó)
Russian: пшено́ (pšenó)
→ Kildin Sami: ше̄ннҍ (šienn’)
Ukrainian: пшоно́ (pšonó)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: пьшено (pĭšeno)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⱐⱎⰵⱀⱁ (pĭšeno)

Serbo-Croatian: pšéna (archaic)

Slovene: pšéno (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: pšeno
Czech: (dialectal) pšeno

Polish: pszono

Slovak: pšeno

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pišena, from Proto-Indo-European *pis- + *-eno, from *peys- (“to grind, to crush”), due to millet being obtained by crushing.


jalovъ

jalovъ (masculine nominative singular)
jalova (feminine nominative singular)
jalovo (neuter nominative singular)
jalova (genitive masculine singular)
jalovy (feminine genitive singular)
jalova (genitive neuter singular)
jalovu (dative masculine singular)
jalově (dative feminine singular)
jalovu (dative neuter singular)
jalovъ (accusative masculine singular)
jalovǫ (accusative feminine singular)
jalovo (accusative neuter singular)
jalovomь (instrumental masculine singular)
jalovojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
jalovomь (instrumental neuter singular)
jalově (locative masculine singular)
jalově (feminine locative singular)
jalově (locative neuter singular)
jalove (masculine singular vocative)
jalovo (feminine singular vocative)
jalovo (neuter singular vocative)
jalova (dual masculine nominative)
jalově (dual feminine nominative)
jalově (dual neuter nominative)
jalovu (dual genitive masculine)
jalovu (dual feminine genitive)
jalovu (dual genitive neuter)
jalovoma (dative dual masculine)
jalovama (dative dual feminine)
jalovoma (dative dual neuter)
jalova (accusative dual masculine)
jalově (accusative dual feminine)
jalově (accusative dual neuter)
jalovoma (dual instrumental masculine)
jalovama (dual feminine instrumental)
jalovoma (dual instrumental neuter)
jalovu (dual locative masculine)
jalovu (dual feminine locative)
jalovu (dual locative neuter)
jalova (dual masculine vocative)
jalově (dual feminine vocative)
jalově (dual neuter vocative)
jalovi (masculine nominative plural)
jalovy (feminine nominative plural)
jalova (neuter nominative plural)
jalovъ (genitive masculine plural)
jalovъ (feminine genitive plural)
jalovъ (genitive neuter plural)
jalovomъ (dative masculine plural)
jalovamъ (dative feminine plural)
jalovomъ (dative neuter plural)
jalovy (accusative masculine plural)
jalovy (accusative feminine plural)
jalova (accusative neuter plural)
jalovy (instrumental masculine plural)
jalovami (feminine instrumental plural)
jalovy (instrumental neuter plural)
jalověxъ (locative masculine plural)
jalovaxъ (feminine locative plural)
jalověxъ (locative neuter plural)
jalovi (masculine plural vocative)
jalovy (feminine plural vocative)
jalova (neuter plural vocative)
jalovъjь (masculine nominative singular)
jalovaja (feminine nominative singular)
jalovoje (neuter nominative singular)
jalovajego (genitive masculine singular)
jalovyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
jalovajego (genitive neuter singular)
jalovujemu (dative masculine singular)
jalověji (dative feminine singular)
jalovujemu (dative neuter singular)
jalovъjь (accusative masculine singular)
jalovǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
jalovoje (accusative neuter singular)
jalovyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
jalovǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
jalovyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
jalovějemь (locative masculine singular)
jalověji (feminine locative singular)
jalovějemь (locative neuter singular)
jalovъjь (masculine singular vocative)
jalovaja (feminine singular vocative)
jalovoje (neuter singular vocative)
jalovaja (dual masculine nominative)
jalověji (dual feminine nominative)
jalověji (dual neuter nominative)
jalovuju (dual genitive masculine)
jalovuju (dual feminine genitive)
jalovuju (dual genitive neuter)
jalovyjima (dative dual masculine)
jalovyjima (dative dual feminine)
jalovyjima (dative dual neuter)
jalovaja (accusative dual masculine)
jalověji (accusative dual feminine)
jalověji (accusative dual neuter)
jalovyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
jalovyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
jalovyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
jalovuju (dual locative masculine)
jalovuju (dual feminine locative)
jalovuju (dual locative neuter)
jalovaja (dual masculine vocative)
jalověji (dual feminine vocative)
jalověji (dual neuter vocative)
jaloviji (masculine nominative plural)
jalovyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
jalovaja (neuter nominative plural)
jalovъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
jalovъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
jalovъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
jalovyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
jalovyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
jalovyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
jalovyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
jalovyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
jalovaja (accusative neuter plural)
jalovyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
jalovyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
jalovyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
jalovyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
jalovyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
jalovyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
jaloviji (masculine plural vocative)
jalovyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
jalovaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ꙗловꙑи (jalovyi)

Belarusian: я́лавая (jálavaja)

Russian: я́ловый (jálovyj)

Ukrainian: я́ловий (jálovyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: алова (alova)

unspecified script:

Bulgarian: ялов (jalov)

Macedonian: јалов (jalov)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ја̏лов

Latin script: jȁlov

Slovene: jálov

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jalový

Czech: jalový

Polabian: jolüvă

Polish: jałowy

Slovak: jalový

Slovincian: jalôwy

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: jałowy

Upper Sorbian: jałowy

Uncertain. Possibly continuing Proto-Indo-European *yeh₁- (“to last, to protract”) with the extension *-lós. Potential cognates include Latvian jêls, Lithuanian jė̃las, and indirectly Proto-Germanic *īdalaz.

jaloviznь

eyas (one who has not reached sexual maturity)


spěti

spě̀ti (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
spětьje (noun-from-verb)
spěti (infinitive)
spětъ (supine)
spělъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
spětъ (participle passive past)
spějemъ (participle passive present)
spěvъ (active participle past)
spěję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
spěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
spě (aorist second-person singular)
spě (aorist singular third-person)
spějǫ (first-person present singular)
spěješi (present second-person singular)
spějetь (present singular third-person)
spěxově (aorist dual first-person)
spěsta (aorist dual second-person)
spěste (aorist dual third-person)
spějevě (dual first-person present)
spějeta (dual present second-person)
spějete (dual present third-person)
spěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
spěste (aorist plural second-person)
spěšę (aorist plural third-person)
spějemъ (first-person plural present)
spějete (plural present second-person)
spějǫtь (plural present third-person)
spěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
spěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
spěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
spěji (imperative second-person singular)
spěji (imperative singular third-person)
spěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
spěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
spěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
spějivě (dual first-person imperative)
spějita (dual imperative second-person)
spěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
spěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
spěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
spějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
spějite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: спѣти (spěti)

Belarusian: спець (spjecʹ)

Russian: спеть (spetʹ)

Ukrainian: спі́ти (spíty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: спѣти (spěti)

Glagolitic: ⱄⱂⱑⱅⰹ (spěti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: у̀спјети; до̀спјети

Latin: ùspjeti; dòspjeti

Slovene: spẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: spět

Slovak: spieť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: spěć

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *spḗˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *spéh₁-ti (root present), from *speh₁- (“succeed, prosper”).


spěxъ

spě̑xъ (canonical masculine)
spě̑xъ (nominative singular)
spě̑xa (dual nominative)
spě̑śi (nominative plural)
spě̑xa (genitive singular)
spěxù (dual genitive)
spě̃xъ (genitive plural)
spě̑xu (dative singular)
spěxomà (dative dual)
spěxòmъ (dative plural)
spě̑xъ (accusative singular)
spě̑xa (accusative dual)
spě̑xy (accusative plural)
spě̑xъmь (instrumental singular)
spě̑xomь (instrumental singular)
spěxomà (dual instrumental)
spěxý (instrumental plural)
spě̑śě (locative singular)
spěxù (dual locative)
spěśě̃xъ (locative plural)
spěše (singular vocative)
spě̑xa (dual vocative)
spě̑śi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: спѣхъ (spěxŭ)

Belarusian: спех (spjex)

Russian: спех (spex)

Ukrainian: спіх (spix)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: спѣхъ (spěxŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱂⱑⱈⱏ (spěxŭ)

Slovene: spẹ̑h

West Slavic:

Czech: spěch

Old Polish: śpiech

⇒ Polish: pośpiech

Slovak: spech

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: spěch

Upper Sorbian: spěch

From *spě̀ti (“advance, ripen, hurry”) + *-xъ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *speh₁- (“succeed, prosper”). Cognate with Lithuanian spė̃kas (“power”), Latvian spȩ̀ks (“power”).


spěšiti

spěšenьje (noun-from-verb)
spěšiti (infinitive)
spěšitъ (supine)
spěšilъ (l-participle)
spěšenъ (participle passive past)
spěšimъ (participle passive present)
spěšь (active participle past)
spěšę (active participle present)
spěšixъ (aorist first-person singular)
spěši (aorist second-person singular)
spěši (aorist singular third-person)
spěšǫ (first-person present singular)
spěšiši (present second-person singular)
spěšitь (present singular third-person)
spěšixově (aorist dual first-person)
spěšista (aorist dual second-person)
spěšiste (aorist dual third-person)
spěšivě (dual first-person present)
spěšita (dual present second-person)
spěšite (dual present third-person)
spěšixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
spěšiste (aorist plural second-person)
spěšišę (aorist plural third-person)
spěšimъ (first-person plural present)
spěšite (plural present second-person)
spěšętь (plural present third-person)
spěšaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
spěšaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
spěšaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
spěši (imperative second-person singular)
spěši (imperative singular third-person)
spěšaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
spěšaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
spěšaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
spěšivě (dual first-person imperative)
spěšita (dual imperative second-person)
spěšaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
spěšaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
spěšaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
spěšimъ (first-person imperative plural)
spěšite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: спѣшити (spěšiti)

Belarusian: спе́шыць (spjéšycʹ)

Russian: спеши́ть (spešítʹ, “to hurry”), 1sg. спешу́ (spešú), 3sg. спеши́т (spešít)

Ukrainian: спіши́ти (spišýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: спѣшити (spěšiti, “to strive, to hurry”)

Glagolitic: ⱄⱂⱑⱎⰻⱅⰻ (spěšiti)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: spẹ́šiti (“to hurry, to rush”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. spẹ̑šim (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: spěšiti (“to hurry”)

Czech: spíšiti (obsolete), spěšiti (“to hurry”) (obsolete)

Polish: śpieszyć (“to hurry”)

From *spě̑xъ (“haste”) + *-iti, from *spě̀ti (“advance, ripen, hurry”) + *-xъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *spḗˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *spéh₁-ti (root present), from *speh₁- (“succeed, prosper”). Compare Proto-West Germanic *spōdijan.


pľuťe

pľūťè (canonical neuter)
pľūťè (nominative singular)
pľũťi (dual nominative)
pľũťa (nominative plural)
pľūťà (genitive singular)
pľuťu (dual genitive)
pľũťь (genitive plural)
pľūťù (dative singular)
pľuťema (dative dual)
pľũťemъ (dative plural)
pľūťè (accusative singular)
pľũťi (accusative dual)
pľũťa (accusative plural)
pľūťь̀mь (instrumental singular)
pľūťèmь (instrumental singular)
pľuťema (dual instrumental)
pľũťi (instrumental plural)
pľūťì (locative singular)
pľuťu (dual locative)
pľũťixъ (locative plural)
pľūťè (singular vocative)
pľũťi (dual vocative)
pľũťa (plural vocative)
*plūťè (alternative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: плюча (pljuča, “lungs”, nom.pl.)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: плюща (pljušta)

Serbo-Croatian:

Čakavian: pľūćȁ

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: pljúča (“lungs”, nom.pl.) (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: pľúcě (“lungs”, nom.pl.)

Czech: plíce (“lungs”)

Slovak: pľúca (“lungs”, nom.pl.)

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *pljáutja, from pre-Balto-Slavic *pléwtyom, from Proto-Indo-European *plew-.