pętъ

pętъ (masculine nominative singular)
pęta (feminine nominative singular)
pęto (neuter nominative singular)
pęta (genitive masculine singular)
pęty (feminine genitive singular)
pęta (genitive neuter singular)
pętu (dative masculine singular)
pętě (dative feminine singular)
pętu (dative neuter singular)
pętъ (accusative masculine singular)
pętǫ (accusative feminine singular)
pęto (accusative neuter singular)
pętomь (instrumental masculine singular)
pętojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
pętomь (instrumental neuter singular)
pętě (locative masculine singular)
pętě (feminine locative singular)
pętě (locative neuter singular)
pęte (masculine singular vocative)
pęto (feminine singular vocative)
pęto (neuter singular vocative)
pęta (dual masculine nominative)
pętě (dual feminine nominative)
pętě (dual neuter nominative)
pętu (dual genitive masculine)
pętu (dual feminine genitive)
pętu (dual genitive neuter)
pętoma (dative dual masculine)
pętama (dative dual feminine)
pętoma (dative dual neuter)
pęta (accusative dual masculine)
pętě (accusative dual feminine)
pętě (accusative dual neuter)
pętoma (dual instrumental masculine)
pętama (dual feminine instrumental)
pętoma (dual instrumental neuter)
pętu (dual locative masculine)
pętu (dual feminine locative)
pętu (dual locative neuter)
pęta (dual masculine vocative)
pętě (dual feminine vocative)
pętě (dual neuter vocative)
pęti (masculine nominative plural)
pęty (feminine nominative plural)
pęta (neuter nominative plural)
pętъ (genitive masculine plural)
pętъ (feminine genitive plural)
pętъ (genitive neuter plural)
pętomъ (dative masculine plural)
pętamъ (dative feminine plural)
pętomъ (dative neuter plural)
pęty (accusative masculine plural)
pęty (accusative feminine plural)
pęta (accusative neuter plural)
pęty (instrumental masculine plural)
pętami (feminine instrumental plural)
pęty (instrumental neuter plural)
pętěxъ (locative masculine plural)
pętaxъ (feminine locative plural)
pętěxъ (locative neuter plural)
pęti (masculine plural vocative)
pęty (feminine plural vocative)
pęta (neuter plural vocative)
pętъjь (masculine nominative singular)
pętaja (feminine nominative singular)
pętoje (neuter nominative singular)
pętajego (genitive masculine singular)
pętyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
pętajego (genitive neuter singular)
pętujemu (dative masculine singular)
pętěji (dative feminine singular)
pętujemu (dative neuter singular)
pętъjь (accusative masculine singular)
pętǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
pętoje (accusative neuter singular)
pętyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
pętǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
pętyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
pętějemь (locative masculine singular)
pętěji (feminine locative singular)
pętějemь (locative neuter singular)
pętъjь (masculine singular vocative)
pętaja (feminine singular vocative)
pętoje (neuter singular vocative)
pętaja (dual masculine nominative)
pętěji (dual feminine nominative)
pętěji (dual neuter nominative)
pętuju (dual genitive masculine)
pętuju (dual feminine genitive)
pętuju (dual genitive neuter)
pętyjima (dative dual masculine)
pętyjima (dative dual feminine)
pętyjima (dative dual neuter)
pętaja (accusative dual masculine)
pętěji (accusative dual feminine)
pętěji (accusative dual neuter)
pętyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
pętyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
pętyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
pętuju (dual locative masculine)
pętuju (dual feminine locative)
pętuju (dual locative neuter)
pętaja (dual masculine vocative)
pętěji (dual feminine vocative)
pętěji (dual neuter vocative)
pętiji (masculine nominative plural)
pętyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
pętaja (neuter nominative plural)
pętъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
pętъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
pętъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
pętyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
pętyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
pętyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
pętyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
pętyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
pętaja (accusative neuter plural)
pętyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
pętyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
pętyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
pętyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
pętyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
pętyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
pętiji (masculine plural vocative)
pętyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
pętaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: пѧтъ (pętŭ)

Belarusian: пя́ты (pjáty)

Russian: пя́тый (pjátyj)

Carpathian Rusyn: пятый (pjatŷj)

Ukrainian: п'я́тий (pʺjátyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: пѧтъ (pętŭ)

Glagolitic: ⱂⱔⱅⱏ (pętŭ)

Bulgarian: пе́ти (péti)

Macedonian: петти (petti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пети

Latin script: peti

Slovene: pêti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: piąti

Old Czech: pátý
Czech: pátý

desctree

Old Polish: piąty
Polish: piąty
Silesian: piōnty

Polabian: ṕǫtĕ

desc

Old Slovak: páty, päty, peity, piaty, piety

Pannonian Rusyn: пияти (pijati)

Slovak: piaty

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pěty

Upper Sorbian: pjaty


ablo

àblo (canonical neuter)
àblo (nominative singular)
àblě (dual nominative)
àbla (nominative plural)
àbla (genitive singular)
àblu (dual genitive)
àblъ (genitive plural)
àblu (dative singular)
àbloma (dative dual)
àblomъ (dative plural)
àblo (accusative singular)
àblě (accusative dual)
àbla (accusative plural)
àblъmь (instrumental singular)
àblomь (instrumental singular)
àbloma (dual instrumental)
àblȳ (instrumental plural)
àblě (locative singular)
àblu (dual locative)
àblě̄xъ (locative plural)
àblo (singular vocative)
àblě (dual vocative)
àbla (plural vocative)
*àblъ (alternative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: я́бло n (jáblo), я́бол m (jábol)

Slovene: jablo n, jabel m

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jablo n

Czech: jablo n (obsolete)

⇒ Old Polish: Jabłowo (toponym)

Slovincian: jablô n

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ā́ˀbla, o-stem neuter derivative of *ā́ˀbōl, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl, parallel to the form with an *-u- enlargement *ablъ. Relation of *ablo to the original consonant-stem is reminiscent of the relation of *bratrъ to Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.
Cognates include Lithuanian obuolỹs, Latvian ābols, Old Prussian woble, Old High German apful, Old Irish ubull.
Pan-Slavic range of the word evidenced by derived terms.


brujati

brujanьje (noun-from-verb)
brujati (infinitive)
brujatъ (supine)
brujalъ (l-participle)
brujanъ (participle passive past)
brujemъ (participle passive present)
brujavъ (active participle past)
bruję (active participle present)
brujaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
bruja (aorist second-person singular)
bruja (aorist singular third-person)
brujǫ (first-person present singular)
bruješi (present second-person singular)
brujetь (present singular third-person)
brujaxově (aorist dual first-person)
brujasta (aorist dual second-person)
brujaste (aorist dual third-person)
brujevě (dual first-person present)
brujeta (dual present second-person)
brujete (dual present third-person)
brujaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
brujaste (aorist plural second-person)
brujašę (aorist plural third-person)
brujemъ (first-person plural present)
brujete (plural present second-person)
brujǫtь (plural present third-person)
brujaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
brujaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
brujaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bruji (imperative second-person singular)
bruji (imperative singular third-person)
brujaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
brujaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
brujaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
brujivě (dual first-person imperative)
brujita (dual imperative second-person)
brujaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
brujaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
brujaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
brujimъ (first-person imperative plural)
brujite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: бруя́ть (brujátʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бру́јати

Latin script: brújati

Of onomatopoeic origin or possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- (“to incite, to spring”), whence Lithuanian bráuti (“to press, to push”). Georgiev has considered possible relation to Ancient Greek βρύω (brúō, “to gush forth, to burst”), which is dismissed by Trubačev (ESSJa).

cog

brujiti

*bruja (“riffle, vibration; rapid, torrent (of flowing water)”)


dorgъ

dȏrgъ (canonical)
dorgъ (masculine nominative singular)
dorga (feminine nominative singular)
dorgo (neuter nominative singular)
dorga (genitive masculine singular)
dorgy (feminine genitive singular)
dorga (genitive neuter singular)
dorgu (dative masculine singular)
dordzě (dative feminine singular)
dorgu (dative neuter singular)
dorgъ (accusative masculine singular)
dorgǫ (accusative feminine singular)
dorgo (accusative neuter singular)
dorgomь (instrumental masculine singular)
dorgojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
dorgomь (instrumental neuter singular)
dordzě (locative masculine singular)
dordzě (feminine locative singular)
dordzě (locative neuter singular)
dorže (masculine singular vocative)
dorgo (feminine singular vocative)
dorgo (neuter singular vocative)
dorga (dual masculine nominative)
dordzě (dual feminine nominative)
dordzě (dual neuter nominative)
dorgu (dual genitive masculine)
dorgu (dual feminine genitive)
dorgu (dual genitive neuter)
dorgoma (dative dual masculine)
dorgama (dative dual feminine)
dorgoma (dative dual neuter)
dorga (accusative dual masculine)
dordzě (accusative dual feminine)
dordzě (accusative dual neuter)
dorgoma (dual instrumental masculine)
dorgama (dual feminine instrumental)
dorgoma (dual instrumental neuter)
dorgu (dual locative masculine)
dorgu (dual feminine locative)
dorgu (dual locative neuter)
dorga (dual masculine vocative)
dordzě (dual feminine vocative)
dordzě (dual neuter vocative)
dordzi (masculine nominative plural)
dorgy (feminine nominative plural)
dorga (neuter nominative plural)
dorgъ (genitive masculine plural)
dorgъ (feminine genitive plural)
dorgъ (genitive neuter plural)
dorgomъ (dative masculine plural)
dorgamъ (dative feminine plural)
dorgomъ (dative neuter plural)
dorgy (accusative masculine plural)
dorgy (accusative feminine plural)
dorga (accusative neuter plural)
dorgy (instrumental masculine plural)
dorgami (feminine instrumental plural)
dorgy (instrumental neuter plural)
dordzěxъ (locative masculine plural)
dorgaxъ (feminine locative plural)
dordzěxъ (locative neuter plural)
dordzi (masculine plural vocative)
dorgy (feminine plural vocative)
dorga (neuter plural vocative)
dorgъjь (masculine nominative singular)
dorgaja (feminine nominative singular)
dorgoje (neuter nominative singular)
dorgajego (genitive masculine singular)
dorgyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
dorgajego (genitive neuter singular)
dorgujemu (dative masculine singular)
dordzěji (dative feminine singular)
dorgujemu (dative neuter singular)
dorgъjь (accusative masculine singular)
dorgǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
dorgoje (accusative neuter singular)
dorgyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
dorgǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
dorgyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
dordzějemь (locative masculine singular)
dordzěji (feminine locative singular)
dordzějemь (locative neuter singular)
dorgъjь (masculine singular vocative)
dorgaja (feminine singular vocative)
dorgoje (neuter singular vocative)
dorgaja (dual masculine nominative)
dordzěji (dual feminine nominative)
dordzěji (dual neuter nominative)
dorguju (dual genitive masculine)
dorguju (dual feminine genitive)
dorguju (dual genitive neuter)
dorgyjima (dative dual masculine)
dorgyjima (dative dual feminine)
dorgyjima (dative dual neuter)
dorgaja (accusative dual masculine)
dordzěji (accusative dual feminine)
dordzěji (accusative dual neuter)
dorgyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
dorgyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
dorgyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
dorguju (dual locative masculine)
dorguju (dual feminine locative)
dorguju (dual locative neuter)
dorgaja (dual masculine vocative)
dordzěji (dual feminine vocative)
dordzěji (dual neuter vocative)
dordziji (masculine nominative plural)
dorgyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
dorgaja (neuter nominative plural)
dorgъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
dorgъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
dorgъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
dorgyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
dorgyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
dorgyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
dorgyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
dorgyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
dorgaja (accusative neuter plural)
dorgyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
dorgyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
dorgyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
dorgyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
dorgyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
dorgyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
dordziji (masculine plural vocative)
dorgyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
dorgaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: дарагі́ (darahí)

Carpathian Rusyn: дорогы́й (dorohŷ́j)

→ Pannonian Rusyn: дороги (dorohi)

Russian: дорого́й (dorogój)

Russenorsk: dorgli

Ukrainian: дороги́й (dorohýj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: драгъ (dragŭ)

→ Russian: драго́й (dragój)

→ Romanian: drag

→ Hungarian: drága

Bulgarian: драг (drag)

Macedonian: драг (drag)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дра̑г

Latin script: drȃg

Slovene: drȃg (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: drahý
Czech: drahý

desctree

Old Polish: drogi
Polish: drogi
Silesian: drogi

Old Slovak: drahý

Pannonian Rusyn: драги (drahi)

Slovak: drahý

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: drodżi

Slovincian: drôgjy

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: drogi

Upper Sorbian: drohi

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dargás (whence Latvian dārgs, Latgalian duorgs, Old Prussian Darge, Dargel (personal name)), of unclear origin:
* Berneker, Mladenov: Possibly related to Lithuanian derėti (“to suit, to fit”), Latvian derêt (“to comply”) from Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to tear, to slice”) or *dʰer- (“to perform, to make”). Suffix *-gъ perhaps the same as in Proto-Slavic *bolgъ (“gentle, noble”) - *boľьjь (“greater, better”), *dьlgъ (“long”) - *dьľьjь (“longer”).
* Trubachev (ESSJa): From the same root as Proto-Slavic *dьržati (“to hold”) from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to sustain, to hold”), with original meaning “dearly held, adorn”.

doržiti*doržьba ()*doržьcь

to hold dear, to esteem, to value; evaluation, appraisal


męso

mę̑so (canonical neuter)
mę̑so (nominative singular)
mę̑sě (dual nominative)
męsà (nominative plural)
mę̑sa (genitive singular)
męsù (dual genitive)
mę̃sъ (genitive plural)
mę̑su (dative singular)
męsomà (dative dual)
męsòmъ (dative plural)
mę̑so (accusative singular)
mę̑sě (accusative dual)
męsà (accusative plural)
mę̑sъmь (instrumental singular)
mę̑somь (instrumental singular)
męsomà (dual instrumental)
męsý (instrumental plural)
mę̑sě (locative singular)
męsù (dual locative)
męsě̃xъ (locative plural)
mę̑so (singular vocative)
mę̑sě (dual vocative)
męsà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мѧсо (męso)

Old Ruthenian: мѧсо (mjaso)

Belarusian: мя́са (mjása)

Carpathian Rusyn: мня́со (mnjáso)

Ukrainian: м'я́со (mʺjáso)

Russian: мя́со (mjáso)

Old Novgorodian: мѧсо (męso)

Old Pskovian: *мѧхо (*męxo, x < ś < s)

→ Russian: мя́хо (mjáxo) (Pskov)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мѧсо (męso)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: месо́ (mesó), ме́нцу (méncu) (dialectal)

Macedonian: ме́со (méso)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ме̑со

Latin script: mȇso

Slovene: mesọ̑ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: maso

Czech: maso

Bohemian (Chod dialect): maso

Kashubian: miãso

Polabian: mąsi

Polish: mięso

Silesian: miynso

Old Slovak: mäso, meso

Pannonian Rusyn: месо (meso)

Slovak: mäso

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: mjaso

Lower Sorbian: měso

An o-stem noun back-formed from *mēnsā́ˀ, the plural of Proto-Balto-Slavic *mḗns, from Proto-Indo-European *mḗms.


čadъ

čàdъ (canonical)
čȃdъ (canonical masculine)
čàdъ (nominative singular)
čàda (dual nominative)
čàdi (nominative plural)
čàda (genitive singular)
čàdu (dual genitive)
čàdъ (genitive plural)
čàdu (dative singular)
čàdoma (dative dual)
čàdomъ (dative plural)
čàdъ (accusative singular)
čàda (accusative dual)
čàdy (accusative plural)
čàdъmь (instrumental singular)
čàdomь (instrumental singular)
čàdoma (dual instrumental)
čàdȳ (instrumental plural)
čàdě (locative singular)
čàdu (dual locative)
čàdě̄xъ (locative plural)
čàde (singular vocative)
čàda (dual vocative)
čàdi (plural vocative)
čȃdъ (nominative singular)
čȃda (dual nominative)
čȃdi (nominative plural)
čȃda (genitive singular)
čadù (dual genitive)
čãdъ (genitive plural)
čȃdu (dative singular)
čadomà (dative dual)
čadòmъ (dative plural)
čȃdъ (accusative singular)
čȃda (accusative dual)
čȃdy (accusative plural)
čȃdъmь (instrumental singular)
čȃdomь (instrumental singular)
čadomà (dual instrumental)
čadý (instrumental plural)
čȃdě (locative singular)
čadù (dual locative)
čadě̃xъ (locative plural)
čade (singular vocative)
čȃda (dual vocative)
čȃdi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: чад (čad)

Russian: чад (čad)

Ukrainian: чад (čad)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: чад (čad)

Macedonian: чад (čad)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: чад

Latin script: čad

Slovene: čad

West Slavic:

Czech: čad

Polabian: cod

Polish: czad

Slovak: čad

Slovincian: czod

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷed-o-, *kʷeh₁dʰ-o- or *kʷēdʰ-o-. Formally reminiscent of Proto-Germanic *hwataz (“quick, keen”), *hwētaną (“to assault”).


dъždžь

dъ̀ždžь (canonical masculine)
dъ̀ždžь (nominative singular)
dъždžà (dual nominative)
dъždžì (nominative plural)
dъždžà (genitive singular)
dъždžù (dual genitive)
dъ̀ždžь (genitive plural)
dъždžù (dative singular)
dъždžèma (dative dual)
dъ̀ždžemъ (dative plural)
dъ̀ždžь (accusative singular)
dъždžà (accusative dual)
dъždžę̇̀ (accusative plural)
dъždžь̀mь (instrumental singular)
dъždžèmь (instrumental singular)
dъždžèma (dual instrumental)
dъ̀ždži (instrumental plural)
dъždžì (locative singular)
dъždžù (dual locative)
dъ̀ždžixъ (locative plural)
dъždžu (singular vocative)
dъždžà (dual vocative)
dъždžì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: *дъжджь (*dŭždžĭ), дъжжь (dŭžžĭ), дъжчь (dŭžčĭ)
Old Ruthenian: дожджъ (doždž), дождчъ (doždč), дожчъ (dožč), дощъ (došč)
Belarusian: до́ждж (dóždž)
Carpathian Rusyn: додж (dodž)
Ukrainian: дощ (došč); дождж (doždž), дож (dož), дорщ (doršč) (dialectal)
Russian: дожж (dožž) (obsolete, dialectal)

Old Novgorodian: дъжгь (dŭźgĭ) (Old Pskovian)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⰴⱏⰶⰴⱐ (dŭždĭ)

Old Cyrillic script: дъждь (dŭždĭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

desc

Cyrillic script: да̏жд (dialectal, archaic)

Latin script: dȁžd (dialectal, archaic)

Slovene: də̏ž (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Lechitic:

desctree

Old Polish: deżdż, deszcz
Polish: deszcz
Silesian: dyszcz

Polabian: dåzd

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: deszcz

Slovincian: deszcz

Old Czech: déšč

Czech: déšť

desc

Old Slovak: dážď, déšť, dóžď, dišť, dišč, *dižď

Pannonian Rusyn: диждж (diždž)

Slovak: dážď

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: dešć

Lower Sorbian: dešć

Uncertain, *ždž (*šč) can be derived from *zd (*st) and *zg (*sk):
* *dusdjos: From Proto-Indo-European *dus-dyu-, a compound of *dus- (“bad”) + *dyu- (“sky”).
** Compare Sanskrit दुर्दिन (durdina, “rain, shower”), Ancient Greek εὐδία (eudía, “fair weather”).
* *duzgjo-: From **dъždžati, **dъždžitь + *-ь.
** Related to Lithuanian duzgė́ti (“to rumble?, buzz?”), duzgénti.
** See also *mъrskati, *mъrščati, *mъrždžiti, *pъrskati, *polskati, *pľuskati, *bučiti, *bučati, *buča, *bučadlo, *buriti, *buřa.
* *duskjos: From **dъščati, **dъščitь + *-ь or **dъskati/**dъsknǫti + *-jь.
** Related to Norwegian duskregn (“drizzling rain”), det dusker, Swedish regndusk (“drizzling rain”), dusk, dúska, Bavarian dusel (“drizzle?”). Further related to Norwegian dysja or dust (“dust”) < *dʰewh₂-.
** See also *mižati, *mьžati, *mьžiti, *mьža, *mьžica, *mьžika, *mьga, *mьgla (< *h₃meygʰ-, ?*h₃meyǵʰ-), *mьrknǫti, *mьrčiti, *morčiti, Czech pršeti, Bulgarian ситен дъжд (siten dǎžd).


voňati

voňàti (canonical)
voňanьje (noun-from-verb)
voňati (infinitive)
voňatъ (supine)
voňalъ (l-participle)
voňanъ (participle passive past)
voňajemъ (participle passive present)
voňavъ (active participle past)
voňaję (active participle present)
voňaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
voňa (aorist second-person singular)
voňa (aorist singular third-person)
voňajǫ (first-person present singular)
voňaješi (present second-person singular)
voňajetь (present singular third-person)
voňaxově (aorist dual first-person)
voňasta (aorist dual second-person)
voňaste (aorist dual third-person)
voňajevě (dual first-person present)
voňajeta (dual present second-person)
voňajete (dual present third-person)
voňaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
voňaste (aorist plural second-person)
voňašę (aorist plural third-person)
voňajemъ (first-person plural present)
voňajete (plural present second-person)
voňajǫtь (plural present third-person)
voňaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
voňaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
voňaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
voňaji (imperative second-person singular)
voňaji (imperative singular third-person)
voňaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
voňaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
voňaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
voňajivě (dual first-person imperative)
voňajita (dual imperative second-person)
voňaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
voňaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
voňaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
voňajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
voňajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вонꙗти (vonjati), вонѧти (vonęti)

desc

Belarusian: ваня́ць (vanjácʹ, “to stink”)

Russian: воня́ть (vonjátʹ, “to stink”)

Ukrainian: воня́ти (vonjáty, “to stink”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic вонꙗти (vonjati)

Glagolitic: ⰲⱁⱀⱑⱅⰻ (voněti)

Bulgarian: воня́ (vonjá)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: во̀њати

Latin script: vònjati

Slovene: vonjáti

West Slavic:

Old Czech: voněti

Czech: vonět

Old Polish: woniać

Polish: wonieć

Silesian: wōniać

Slovak: voňať


židъ

žìdъ (nominative singular)
žìdy (dual nominative)
žìdove (nominative plural)
žìdu (genitive singular)
žìdovu (dual genitive)
žìdovъ (genitive plural)
žìdovi (dative singular)
žìdъma (dative dual)
žìdъmъ (dative plural)
žìdъ (accusative singular)
žìdy (accusative dual)
žìdy (accusative plural)
žìdъmь (instrumental singular)
žìdъma (dual instrumental)
žìdъmī (instrumental plural)
žìdū (locative singular)
žìdovu (dual locative)
žìdъxъ (locative plural)
žìdu (singular vocative)
žìdy (dual vocative)
žìdove (plural vocative)
žìdъ (nominative singular)
žìda (dual nominative)
žìdi (nominative plural)
žìda (genitive singular)
žìdu (dual genitive)
žìdъ (genitive plural)
žìdu (dative singular)
žìdoma (dative dual)
žìdomъ (dative plural)
žìdъ (accusative singular)
žìda (accusative dual)
žìdy (accusative plural)
žìdъmь (instrumental singular)
žìdomь (instrumental singular)
žìdoma (dual instrumental)
žìdȳ (instrumental plural)
žìdě (locative singular)
žìdu (dual locative)
žìdě̄xъ (locative plural)
žìde (singular vocative)
žìda (dual vocative)
žìdi (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: жидовинъ (židovinŭ)

unspecified script:

Bulgarian: жид (žid)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жи̏д, жидов, Жи̏д, Жидов

Latin script: žȉd, židov, Žȉd, Židov

→ Old Hungarian: sydou

Hungarian: zsidó

Slovene: žȉd, Žȉd (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: žid, Žid

Czech: žid, Žid

→ Old Polish: żyd, Żyd

Polish: żyd, Żyd

→ Polabian: zaid

→ Lithuanian: žỹdas

→ Slovak: žid, Žid

→Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: žyd, Žyd

Lower Sorbian: žid, Žid

Likely through some Balkan Romance dialect, from Old Italian giudeo, from Latin iūdaeus.
The secondary meaning giant/mythical person is likely derived from the meaning Jew based on the Biblical tradition that Jews were the "chosen people" by God. Vasmer, nonetheless, presumes a native origin (see dial. Russian жиди (židi)).

→ (by generalization) mythical creature


sъmьrtь

sъmьrtь (nominative singular)
sъmьrti (dual nominative)
sъmьrti (nominative plural)
sъmьrti (genitive singular)
sъmьrtьju (dual genitive)
sъmьrťu (dual genitive)
sъmьrtьjь (genitive plural)
sъmьrti (genitive plural)
sъmьrti (dative singular)
sъmьrtьma (dative dual)
sъmьrtьmъ (dative plural)
sъmьrtь (accusative singular)
sъmьrti (accusative dual)
sъmьrti (accusative plural)
sъmьrtьjǫ (instrumental singular)
sъmьrťǫ (instrumental singular)
sъmьrtьma (dual instrumental)
sъmьrtьmi (instrumental plural)
sъmьrti (locative singular)
sъmьrtьju (dual locative)
sъmьrťu (dual locative)
sъmьrtьxъ (locative plural)
sъmьrti (singular vocative)
sъmьrti (dual vocative)
sъmьrti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: съмьрть (sŭmĭrtĭ)

Belarusian: смерць (smjercʹ)

→ Lithuanian: smertis

Russian: смерть (smertʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: смерть (smertʹ)

Ukrainian: смерть (smertʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: съмрьть (sŭmrĭtĭ)

Glagolitic: ⱄⱏⰿⱃⱐⱅⱐ (sŭmrĭtĭ)

Bulgarian: смърт (smǎrt)

Macedonian: смрт (smrt)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: смр̏т

Latin script: smȑt

Slovene: smȓt (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: smrt
Czech: smrt

desctree

Old Polish: śmierć, śmierzć, śmirć, śmirzć
Polish: śmierć, śmirć (Near Masovian)
Silesian: śmierć

Old Slovak: smerť, smrť

Pannonian Rusyn: шмерц (šmerc)

Slovak: smrť

Polabian: såmart

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: smierc

Slovincian: smjêrc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: smjerć

Lower Sorbian: smjerś

From *sъ- + *mьrtь, the second element from Proto-Balto-Slavic *mirtís, from Proto-Indo-European *mértis.


berstъ

bẽrstъ (canonical)
bȇrstъ (canonical masculine)
bẽrstъ (nominative singular)
bērstà (dual nominative)
bērstì (nominative plural)
bērstà (genitive singular)
bērstù (dual genitive)
bẽrstъ (genitive plural)
bērstù (dative singular)
bērstòma (dative dual)
bērstòmъ (dative plural)
bẽrstъ (accusative singular)
bērstà (accusative dual)
bērstỳ (accusative plural)
bērstъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
bērstòmь (instrumental singular)
bērstòma (dual instrumental)
bẽrsty (instrumental plural)
bērstě̀ (locative singular)
bērstù (dual locative)
bẽrstěxъ (locative plural)
berste (singular vocative)
bērstà (dual vocative)
bērstì (plural vocative)
bȇrstъ (nominative singular)
bȇrsta (dual nominative)
bȇrsti (nominative plural)
bȇrsta (genitive singular)
berstù (dual genitive)
bẽrstъ (genitive plural)
bȇrstu (dative singular)
berstomà (dative dual)
berstòmъ (dative plural)
bȇrstъ (accusative singular)
bȇrsta (accusative dual)
bȇrsty (accusative plural)
bȇrstъmь (instrumental singular)
bȇrstomь (instrumental singular)
berstomà (dual instrumental)
berstý (instrumental plural)
bȇrstě (locative singular)
berstù (dual locative)
berstě̃xъ (locative plural)
berste (singular vocative)
bȇrsta (dual vocative)
bȇrsti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Middle Belarusian: берестъ (berest)

Belarusian: бе́раст (bjérast)

Russian: бе́рест (bérest)

Ukrainian: бе́рест (bérest)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: брѣстъ (brěstŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰱⱃⱑⱄⱅⱏ (brěstŭ)

desc

Bulgarian: бряст (brjast), брест (brest)

Macedonian: брест (brest)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: брест, бријест

Latin script: brest, brijest

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: brẹ̄st, brȅst (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: břěst

Czech: břest

desctree

Old Polish: brzost
Polish: brzost, brzóst (Near Masovian)
Silesian: brzost

Slovak: brest

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: brzóst

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: brěšć

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *berˀźtas, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵ-tó-s, from *bʰerHǵós (“birch”).


vidla

vidla (nominative singular)
vidlě (dual nominative)
vidly (nominative plural)
vidly (genitive singular)
vidlu (dual genitive)
vidlъ (genitive plural)
vidlě (dative singular)
vidlama (dative dual)
vidlamъ (dative plural)
vidlǫ (accusative singular)
vidlě (accusative dual)
vidly (accusative plural)
vidlojǫ (instrumental singular)
vidlǫ (instrumental singular)
vidlama (dual instrumental)
vidlami (instrumental plural)
vidlě (locative singular)
vidlu (dual locative)
vidlasъ (locative plural)
vidlaxъ (locative plural)
vidlo (singular vocative)
vidlě (dual vocative)
vidly (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вила (vila)

desc

Belarusian: ві́ла (víla), ві́лы pl (víly), відэ́лец (vidéljec, “fork”), ві́лка (vílka, “fork”)

Russian: ви́ла f (víla), ви́лы pl (víly), ви́лка (vílka, “fork”)

Ukrainian: ви́ла (výla), ви́лка (výlka, “fork”), виде́лка (vydélka, “fork”)

Old Novgorodian: вигла (vigla)

→ Estonian: vigl

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ви́ла f (víla), ви́лица (vílica), ви́лка (vílka)

Macedonian: вила (vila), вилушка (viluška, “fork”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ви̏ле̄ pl, виљушка, ви̏лица

Latin script: vȉlē pl, viljuška, vȉlica

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: víle, vílice pl (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vidly

Czech: vidle pl

Bohemian (Chod dialect): bídle

Moravian (Mistřice): vidu̯i

Kashubian: widłë pl

Old Polish: widły pl

Polish: widły pl

Old Slovak: vidle, vidly, vily f pl

Pannonian Rusyn: видли nvir (vidli)

Slovak: vidly pl

⇒ Old Slovak: vidlica

desc

Pannonian Rusyn: видлїца (vidljica, “jaw”)

Slovak: vidlica (“fork; hook”)

⇒ Old Slovak: vidlička

Pannonian Rusyn: видлїчка (vidljička, “fork”)

Slovak: vidlička (“fork”)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: widły pl, widlički pl (“fork”)

Lower Sorbian: widły pl, widlicki pl

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: villa

Probably originally plural form of *vidlo, from *viti (“to bend, twist”) + *-dlo.


nožь

nòžь (canonical masculine)
nòžь (nominative singular)
nožà (dual nominative)
nožì (nominative plural)
nožà (genitive singular)
nožù (dual genitive)
nòžь (genitive plural)
nožù (dative singular)
nožèma (dative dual)
nòžemъ (dative plural)
nòžь (accusative singular)
nožà (accusative dual)
nožę̇̀ (accusative plural)
nožь̀mь (instrumental singular)
nožèmь (instrumental singular)
nožèma (dual instrumental)
nòži (instrumental plural)
nožì (locative singular)
nožù (dual locative)
nòžixъ (locative plural)
nožu (singular vocative)
nožà (dual vocative)
nožì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ножь (nožĭ)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: ножъ (nož), ножь (nožʹ) — archaic spelling
Belarusian: нож (nož)
Carpathian Rusyn: нуж (nuž)
Ukrainian: ніж (niž)

Russian: нож (nož)

→ Latvian: nazis

Old Novgorodian: ножь (nožĭ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: ножь (nožĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱀⱁⰶⱐ (nožĭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: но̑ж

Latin script: nȏž

Slovene: nȍž (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: nóž

Czech: nůž

Polabian: nüz

Polish: nóż

Old Slovak: nôž, núž, *nož

Pannonian Rusyn: нож (nož)

Slovak: nôž

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: nóż

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: nož

Lower Sorbian: nož

From *noziti + *-jь, from a Proto-Indo-European *h₁noǵʰ-yos (“plunger, piercer”). Probable cognates include Ancient Greek ἔγχος (énkhos, “spear”), Ancient Greek νύσσω (nússō, “to prick, nudge”), Attic Ancient Greek νύττω (núttō), and perhaps Old Irish ness (“wound”). According to Vasmer, comparisons with Avestan 𐬥𐬀𐬉𐬰𐬀 (naēza), Latin nectō (“I bind, tie”), and Sanskrit नह्यति (nahyati, “to bind, tie”) are untenable, implicitly due to being phonetically difficult to justify. According to Trubachyov, cognate with Lithuanian knẽžas (“knife”). This is unlikely due to the lack of an initial k- in Proto-Slavic.


orbъ

õrbъ (canonical masculine)
õrbъ (nominative singular)
ōrbà (dual nominative)
ōrbì (nominative plural)
ōrbà (genitive singular)
ōrbù (dual genitive)
õrbъ (genitive plural)
ōrbù (dative singular)
ōrbòma (dative dual)
ōrbòmъ (dative plural)
õrbъ (accusative singular)
ōrbà (accusative dual)
ōrbỳ (accusative plural)
ōrbъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
ōrbòmь (instrumental singular)
ōrbòma (dual instrumental)
õrby (instrumental plural)
ōrbě̀ (locative singular)
ōrbù (dual locative)
õrběxъ (locative plural)
orbe (singular vocative)
ōrbà (dual vocative)
ōrbì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: робъ (robŭ)

Old Ruthenian: робъ (rob)

Ukrainian: роб (rob)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: рабъ (rabŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱃⰰⰱⱏ (rabŭ)

Bulgarian: раб (rab)

Macedonian: раб (rab)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ра̏б

Latin script: rȁb

West Slavic:

Old Czech: rob

Czech: rob

Slovak: (dialectal) rob

→ Bulgarian: роб (rob)

→ Macedonian: роб (rob)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: роб

Latin script: rob

→ Slovene: rob

Non-Slavic:

desctree

→ Hungarian: rab
→ Old Slovak: rab
Slovak: rab

→ Romanian: rob

PIE word
 *h₃órbʰos
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *árbas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃órbʰos (“orphan”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὀρφανός (orphanós, “orphaned”), Latin orbus (“orphaned”), Old Armenian որբ (orb, “orphan; orphaned”) and Sanskrit अर्भ (árbha, “child; small”). Per Derksen, probably also cognate with Proto-Germanic *arbaidiz.


stьbľь

stьbľь (nominative singular)
stьbľa (dual nominative)
stьbľi (nominative plural)
stьbľa (genitive singular)
stьbľu (dual genitive)
stьbľь (genitive plural)
stьbľu (dative singular)
stьbľema (dative dual)
stьbľemъ (dative plural)
stьbľь (accusative singular)
stьbľa (accusative dual)
stьbľę̇ (accusative plural)
stьbľьmь (instrumental singular)
stьbľemь (instrumental singular)
stьbľema (dual instrumental)
stьbľi (instrumental plural)
stьbľi (locative singular)
stьbľu (dual locative)
stьbľixъ (locative plural)
stьbľu (singular vocative)
stьbľa (dual vocative)
stьbľi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: стьбль (stĭblĭ), стебль (steblĭ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: стьбль (stĭblĭ), стьпль (stĭplĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱅⱐⰱⰾⱐ (stĭblĭ), ⱄⱅⱐⱂⰾⱐ (stĭplĭ)

West Slavic:

Old Polish: zdeb, steb, step

Kashubian: steb

From *stьbljь < *stьbjь < *stьbъ (“stem, stalk, trunk; cane, reed, rush”) + *-jь.


morzъ

mòrzъ (canonical masculine)
mòrzъ (nominative singular)
mòrza (dual nominative)
mòrzi (nominative plural)
mòrza (genitive singular)
mòrzu (dual genitive)
mòrzъ (genitive plural)
mòrzu (dative singular)
mòrzoma (dative dual)
mòrzomъ (dative plural)
mòrzъ (accusative singular)
mòrza (accusative dual)
mòrzy (accusative plural)
mòrzъmь (instrumental singular)
mòrzomь (instrumental singular)
mòrzoma (dual instrumental)
mòrzȳ (instrumental plural)
mòrzě (locative singular)
mòrzu (dual locative)
mòrzě̄xъ (locative plural)
mòrze (singular vocative)
mòrza (dual vocative)
mòrzi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: морозъ (morozŭ)

Old Ruthenian: моро́зъ (moróz)

Belarusian: маро́з (maróz)

Carpathian Rusyn: мо́роз (móroz)

desc

Ukrainian: моро́з (moróz); мо́роз (móroz) (Uzhanian dialects and dial. of Slovakia)

Russian: моро́з (moróz)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мразъ (mrazŭ)

Bulgarian: мраз (mraz)

Macedonian: мраз (mraz)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мра̏з

Latin script: mrȁz

Slovene: mrȁz (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mráz

Czech: mráz

Polabian: morz

Polish: mróz

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: mróz, marz

Old Slovak:

Pannonian Rusyn: мраз (mraz)

Slovak: mráz

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: mróz

Lower Sorbian: mroz

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *márźas, from Proto-Indo-European *mórǵ-o-s, from *mórǵ-. Cognate with Albanian mardhë f (“frost”).


ǫgъlъ

ǫ̑gъlъ (canonical masculine)
ǫ̑gъlъ (nominative singular)
ǫ̑gъla (dual nominative)
ǫ̑gъli (nominative plural)
ǫ̑gъla (genitive singular)
ǫgъlù (dual genitive)
ǫgъ̀lъ (genitive plural)
ǫ̑gъlu (dative singular)
ǫgъlomà (dative dual)
ǫgъlòmъ (dative plural)
ǫ̑gъlъ (accusative singular)
ǫ̑gъla (accusative dual)
ǫ̑gъly (accusative plural)
ǫ̑gъlъmь (instrumental singular)
ǫ̑gъlomь (instrumental singular)
ǫgъlomà (dual instrumental)
ǫgъlý (instrumental plural)
ǫ̑gъlě (locative singular)
ǫgъlù (dual locative)
ǫgъlě̃xъ (locative plural)
ǫgъle (singular vocative)
ǫ̑gъla (dual vocative)
ǫ̑gъli (plural vocative)

East Slavic: оугълъ (ugŭlŭ), оуглъ (uglŭ)

Belarusian: ву́гал (vúhal)

Russian: у́гол (úgol)

Ukrainian: ву́гол (vúhol)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ѫгълъ (ǫgŭlŭ)

Bulgarian: ъ́гъл (ǎ́gǎl)

Macedonian: агол (agol)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: у̏гал (dialectal) → у̏гао

Roman: ȕgal (dialectal) → ȕgao, vugel (Kajkavian)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: ọ́gəł, vogȃł (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: úhel

Czech: úhel

Kashubian: wãgł

Old Polish: węgieł

Polish: węgieł

Old Slovak: uhel, uhol

Pannonian Rusyn: угел (uhel)

Slovak: uhol

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: nugeł

Upper Sorbian: nuhl

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ángulas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éngulos, equivalent to *h₂eng- + *-ъlъ. From the same Indo-European root also *ǫkotь and *paǫkъ (“spider”).
Cognate with Latin angulus, Sanskrit अङ्गुरि (aṅgúri, “finger, toe”), Ancient Greek ἀγκύλος (ankúlos, “crooked, curved”), and Proto-Germanic *ankulaz (“ankle, hip”).


xodъ

xȍdъ (canonical)
xòdъ (canonical masculine)
xȍdъ (nominative singular)
xȍda (dual nominative)
xȍdi (nominative plural)
xȍda (genitive singular)
xodù (dual genitive)
xòdъ (genitive plural)
xȍdu (dative singular)
xodomà (dative dual)
xodòmъ (dative plural)
xȍdъ (accusative singular)
xȍda (accusative dual)
xȍdy (accusative plural)
xȍdъmь (instrumental singular)
xȍdomь (instrumental singular)
xodomà (dual instrumental)
xodý (instrumental plural)
xȍdě (locative singular)
xodù (dual locative)
xodě̃xъ (locative plural)
xode (singular vocative)
xȍda (dual vocative)
xȍdi (plural vocative)
xòdъ (nominative singular)
xodà (dual nominative)
xodì (nominative plural)
xodà (genitive singular)
xodù (dual genitive)
xòdъ (genitive plural)
xodù (dative singular)
xodòma (dative dual)
xodòmъ (dative plural)
xòdъ (accusative singular)
xodà (accusative dual)
xodỳ (accusative plural)
xodъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
xodòmь (instrumental singular)
xodòma (dual instrumental)
xòdy (instrumental plural)
xodě̀ (locative singular)
xodù (dual locative)
xòděxъ (locative plural)
xode (singular vocative)
xodà (dual vocative)
xodì (plural vocative)

Frederik Kortlandt
Rick Derksen
Sergei Nikolaev
Vladimir Dybo
Winter's law
ruki sound law

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: ходъ (xodŭ), хода (xoda)

Belarusian: ход (xod)

Russian: ход (xod), хода (xoda)

Ukrainian: хід (xid), хода (xoda)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ходъ (xodŭ)

Bulgarian: ход (hod)

Macedonian: од (od)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: хо̑д

Latin script: hȏd

(Sali): xọ̑d

(Susak): xu̯ȏt

Old Slovene: hod

Slovene: hȍd (tonal orthography)

(Črni Vrh village): xȗət

West Slavic:

Kashubian: chód

Old Czech: chod
Czech: chod

desctree

Old Polish: chód
Polish: chód
Silesian: chōd

Slovak: chod

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: chód, choda

Lower Sorbian: chód

* Accent paradigm c:
According to Rick Derksen, from Proto-Indo-European *sodós (“path”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὁδός (hodós, “way”).
Sergei Nikolaev believes that the comparison is “tempting, but unfounded phonetically,” which does not contradict the analogy in any way: The form has initial *x by analogy with derived words beginning with the prefixes *per-, *pri-, *u-, in which *s shifted to *x by the ruki sound law. But contradicts the Winter’s law.
According to Vladimir Dybo, the form is borrowed from Iranian (Dybo 2002: 479).
Frederik Kortlandt believes that the hypothesis of borrowing from Iranian is “semantically implausible” and the form goes back to *xodìti (Kortlandt 2007: 1). However, according to Nikolaev, it is accentologically implausible. According to ESSJa, reverse derivation is impossible, which supports the accentological argument.
* Accent paradigm b:
Some dialect groups make it possible to reconstruct the semantic-accentuation pair: *xȍdъ, gen. *xȍda and *xòdъ, gen. *xodà. For example, this semantic-accentuation pair is represented in the Posozhko-Pripyat dialect: xod, gen. xódu, instr. xódom ~ xod, gen. xodá, instr. xodóm. Most other dialects usually retain one variant of the semantic-accentuation pair.
According to Nikolaev, the form is a secondary deverbative of *xodìti (Nikolaev 2012: 98).

motion, movement (towards an accent paradigm c)

passage, place of moving forward (towards an accent paradigm b)


mьčьta

mьčьta (nominative singular)
mьčьtě (dual nominative)
mьčьty (nominative plural)
mьčьty (genitive singular)
mьčьtu (dual genitive)
mьčьtъ (genitive plural)
mьčьtě (dative singular)
mьčьtama (dative dual)
mьčьtamъ (dative plural)
mьčьtǫ (accusative singular)
mьčьtě (accusative dual)
mьčьty (accusative plural)
mьčьtojǫ (instrumental singular)
mьčьtǫ (instrumental singular)
mьčьtama (dual instrumental)
mьčьtami (instrumental plural)
mьčьtě (locative singular)
mьčьtu (dual locative)
mьčьtasъ (locative plural)
mьčьtaxъ (locative plural)
mьčьto (singular vocative)
mьčьtě (dual vocative)
mьčьty (plural vocative)

East Slavic: мьчьта (mĭčĭta), мечьта (mečĭta), мечта (mečta)

Russian: мечта́ (mečtá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мъчьта (mŭčĭta)

Bulgarian: мечта́ (mečtá)

Macedonian: мечта (mečta)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ма̀шта

Latin script: màšta

From *mikati + *-ьta, from Proto-Indo-European *meyk- (“to twinkle, blink”). Related to Latin micō.


ezero

ȅzero (canonical neuter)
ȅzero (nominative singular)
ȅzerě (dual nominative)
ezerà (nominative plural)
ȅzera (genitive singular)
ezerù (dual genitive)
ezèrъ (genitive plural)
ȅzeru (dative singular)
ezeromà (dative dual)
ezeròmъ (dative plural)
ȅzero (accusative singular)
ȅzerě (accusative dual)
ezerà (accusative plural)
ȅzerъmь (instrumental singular)
ȅzeromь (instrumental singular)
ezeromà (dual instrumental)
ezerý (instrumental plural)
ȅzerě (locative singular)
ezerù (dual locative)
ezerě̃xъ (locative plural)
ȅzero (singular vocative)
ȅzerě (dual vocative)
ezerà (plural vocative)
*ȅzerъ (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: озеро (ozero)

desc

Old Ruthenian: о́зеро (ózero), во́зеро (vózero)

Belarusian: во́зера (vózjera)

Ukrainian: о́зеро (ózero)

Russian: о́зеро (ózero); о́зер (ózer) (dialectal)

→ Yiddish: אָזערע (ozere)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ѥзєро (jezero)

Bulgarian: е́зеро (ézero), е́зер (ézer) (Sofia dialect)

Macedonian: езеро (ezero)

→ Old East Slavic: езеро (jezero)

Old Ruthenian: єзеро (jezero)

→ Romanian: iezer

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: је̏зеро

Latin script: jȅzero

Slovene: jẹ̑zero (tonal orthography), jẹ̑zer

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jezero

Czech: jezero

Old Polish: jeziero

Polish: jezioro

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: jezoro

Slovincian: jêzôrô

Slovak: jazero

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: jazoro

Upper Sorbian: jězor

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *éźera.


mьčьtъ

mьčьtъ (nominative singular)
mьčьta (dual nominative)
mьčьti (nominative plural)
mьčьta (genitive singular)
mьčьtu (dual genitive)
mьčьtъ (genitive plural)
mьčьtu (dative singular)
mьčьtoma (dative dual)
mьčьtomъ (dative plural)
mьčьtъ (accusative singular)
mьčьta (accusative dual)
mьčьty (accusative plural)
mьčьtъmь (instrumental singular)
mьčьtomь (instrumental singular)
mьčьtoma (dual instrumental)
mьčьty (instrumental plural)
mьčьtě (locative singular)
mьčьtu (dual locative)
mьčьtěxъ (locative plural)
mьčьte (singular vocative)
mьčьta (dual vocative)
mьčьti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мьчьтъ (mĭčĭtŭ) (also мечьтъ (mečĭtŭ), мчетъ (mčetŭ), мечетъ (mečetŭ))

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мьчьтъ (mĭčĭtŭ)


načęti

načę̀ti (canonical perfective)
načętьje (noun-from-verb)
načęti (infinitive)
načętъ (supine)
načęlъ (l-participle)
načętъ (participle passive past)
načьnъ (active participle past)
načęsъ (aorist first-person singular)
načę (aorist second-person singular)
načę (aorist singular third-person)
načьnǫ (first-person present singular)
načьneši (present second-person singular)
načьnetь (present singular third-person)
načęsově (aorist dual first-person)
načęsta (aorist dual second-person)
načęste (aorist dual third-person)
načьnevě (dual first-person present)
načьneta (dual present second-person)
načьnete (dual present third-person)
načęsomъ (aorist first-person plural)
načęste (aorist plural second-person)
načęsę (aorist plural third-person)
načьnemъ (first-person plural present)
načьnete (plural present second-person)
načьnǫtь (plural present third-person)
načьni (imperative second-person singular)
načьni (imperative singular third-person)
načьněvě (dual first-person imperative)
načьněta (dual imperative second-person)
načьněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
načьněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: начѧти (načęti), начати (načati)

Old Ruthenian: нача́ти (načáti)

Ukrainian: нача́ти (načáty)

Belarusian: нача́ць (načácʹ)

Russian: нача́ть (načátʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: начѧти (načęti)

Bulgarian: наче́на (načéna)

Macedonian: начне (načne)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: на̀че̄ти

Latin script: nàčēti

Slovene: načẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: načieti

Czech: načít

Polabian: nocǫl

Old Polish: nacząć
Polish: nacząć

Slovak: načať

Slovincian: naczic

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: načeć

Lower Sorbian: naceś

From Proto-Indo-European * h₂nō+*k(e)n-. Equivalent to *na- + *čęti.


grěxъ

grě̃xъ (canonical masculine)
grě̃xъ (nominative singular)
grě̄xà (dual nominative)
grě̄śì (nominative plural)
grě̄xà (genitive singular)
grě̄xù (dual genitive)
grě̃xъ (genitive plural)
grě̄xù (dative singular)
grě̄xòma (dative dual)
grě̄xòmъ (dative plural)
grě̃xъ (accusative singular)
grě̄xà (accusative dual)
grě̄xỳ (accusative plural)
grě̄xъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
grě̄xòmь (instrumental singular)
grě̄xòma (dual instrumental)
grě̃xy (instrumental plural)
grě̄śě̀ (locative singular)
grě̄xù (dual locative)
grě̃śěxъ (locative plural)
grěše (singular vocative)
grě̄xà (dual vocative)
grě̄śì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: грѣхъ (grěxŭ)

Old Ruthenian: грѣхъ (hrěx)

Belarusian: грэх (hrex)

Carpathian Rusyn: грїх (hrjix)

Ukrainian: гріх (hrix); грєх (hrjex) (dialectal)

Russian: грех (grex)

→ Latvian: grēks

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: грѣхъ (grěxŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰳⱃⱑⱈⱏ (grěxŭ)

Bulgarian: грях (grjah), грех (greh)

Macedonian: грев (grev)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гре̑х, грије̑х, грих

Latin script: grȇh, grijȇh, grih

Slovene: grẹ́h (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hřiech

Czech: hřích

Polabian: greχ

Old Polish: grzech

Polish: grzech

Silesian: grzych

Old Slovak: hréch, hriech, hrích

Pannonian Rusyn: грих (hrix)

Slovak: hriech

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: grzéch

Slovincian: grzéch

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: grěch

Upper Sorbian: hrěch

Potentially a conflation of more than one semantic kernels:
* Derksen, Mladenov, Vasmer, Trubačev, Snoj: From an earlier *grēxŭ, stemming from *grěti (“to heat”) + *-xъ, based on related terms conveying thermal states: dial. Bulgarian гря́шка (grjáška, “scorch, fever”), dial. Russian гре́шина (gréšina, “blaze”). Perhaps originally implying “fervour, ardour” → “guilt”.
* Iljinsky, Endzelīns: From an earlier *grai(k)śŭ, related to Lithuanian graižùs (“winding, crooked”), Latvian grèizs (“crooked, slanting, diagonal”) and possibly Proto-Slavic *grěza (“delirium, confusion”). Originally referring to “skewness, misalignment” > “error”. Such a meaning is reflected in agricultural vocabulary: cf. dial. Polish grzecha, ogrzech (“a vacant strip in a sown field or a piece of land not ploughed by the ploughman's carelessness”), dial. Russian грехва (grexva), о́грех (ógrex), Ukrainian о́грех (óhrex, “place not ploughed or badly ploughed”), dial. Belarusian грэх (hrex, “a field that has been missed by sowing or ploughing”). Additionally, in South Slavic (except for Slovene) the principal word for “mistake” is the diminutive form of *grěxъ. For meaning shift compare *krivъ (“crooked, bent; wrong”) : *krivьda (“evil, injustice”).
* Proposed further cognates: Akin to Ancient Greek χρεῖος (khreîos, “liability, debt, need”) (Pedersen) or Ancient Greek χρῑ́ω (khrī́ō, “to smear, to anoint”), χροΐζω (khroḯzō, “to concern”) (Berneker).

cog

fervour, ardour (damaging thermal state)

per etymology from early *grēxŭ:
(secondary) guilt, grief, regret

per etymology from early *grēxŭ:
guilt, grief, regret

per etymology from early *grai(k)śŭ:
error, mistake, misconduct


grěšiti

grěšenьje (noun-from-verb)
grěšiti (infinitive)
grěšitъ (supine)
grěšilъ (l-participle)
grěšenъ (participle passive past)
grěšimъ (participle passive present)
grěšь (active participle past)
grěšę (active participle present)
grěšixъ (aorist first-person singular)
grěši (aorist second-person singular)
grěši (aorist singular third-person)
grěšǫ (first-person present singular)
grěšiši (present second-person singular)
grěšitь (present singular third-person)
grěšixově (aorist dual first-person)
grěšista (aorist dual second-person)
grěšiste (aorist dual third-person)
grěšivě (dual first-person present)
grěšita (dual present second-person)
grěšite (dual present third-person)
grěšixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
grěšiste (aorist plural second-person)
grěšišę (aorist plural third-person)
grěšimъ (first-person plural present)
grěšite (plural present second-person)
grěšętь (plural present third-person)
grěšaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
grěšaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
grěšaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
grěši (imperative second-person singular)
grěši (imperative singular third-person)
grěšaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
grěšaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
grěšaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
grěšivě (dual first-person imperative)
grěšita (dual imperative second-person)
grěšaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
grěšaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
grěšaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
grěšimъ (first-person imperative plural)
grěšite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: грашы́ць (hrašýcʹ)

Russian: греши́ть (grešítʹ)

Ukrainian: гріши́ти (hrišýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: грѣшити (grěšiti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: греша́ (grešá)

Macedonian: греши (greši)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гре́шити, грије́шити

Latin: gréšiti, grijéšiti

Slovene: grešíti

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hřěšiti

Czech: hřešit

Old Polish: grzeszyć

Polish: grzeszyć

Old Slovak: hrešiť, *hrišiť

Pannonian Rusyn: гришиц (hrišic)

Slovak: hrešiť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: grěšyś

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: greși


xujь

xȗjь (canonical masculine)
xȗjь (nominative singular)
xȗja (dual nominative)
xȗji (nominative plural)
xȗja (genitive singular)
xujù (dual genitive)
xũjь (genitive plural)
xȗju (dative singular)
xujemà (dative dual)
xujèmъ (dative plural)
xȗjь (accusative singular)
xȗja (accusative dual)
xȗję̇ (accusative plural)
xȗjьmь (instrumental singular)
xȗjemь (instrumental singular)
xujemà (dual instrumental)
xují (instrumental plural)
xȗji (locative singular)
xujù (dual locative)
xujĩxъ (locative plural)
xuju (singular vocative)
xȗja (dual vocative)
xȗji (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *хуи (*xui)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: *хуй (*xuj)
Belarusian: хуй (xuj)
Carpathian Rusyn: хуй (xuj)
Ukrainian: хуй (xuj)

Russian: хуй (xuj) (see there for further descendants)

Old Novgorodian: хоуи (xui) (Old Pskovian)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: хуй (huj)

West Slavic:

Lechitic:

desc

Old Polish: *chuj; Chuj, ⇒ Łupichuj (proper noun)

Polish: chuj

→? Czech: chuj

Silesian: chuj

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: chùj

Old Slovak: *chuj

Pannonian Rusyn: хуй (xuj)

Slovak: chuj

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *skaujás. Cognate with Albanian hu, hû (“stake, pole; penis”).

xvoja

needles or branches of a coniferous tree

(originally) stiff part of a plant (twig, shoot)


věkъ

vě̑kъ (canonical masculine)
vě̑kъ (nominative singular)
vě̑ka (dual nominative)
vě̑ci (nominative plural)
vě̑ka (genitive singular)
věkù (dual genitive)
vě̃kъ (genitive plural)
vě̑ku (dative singular)
věkomà (dative dual)
věkòmъ (dative plural)
vě̑kъ (accusative singular)
vě̑ka (accusative dual)
vě̑ky (accusative plural)
vě̑kъmь (instrumental singular)
vě̑komь (instrumental singular)
věkomà (dual instrumental)
věký (instrumental plural)
vě̑cě (locative singular)
věkù (dual locative)
věcě̃xъ (locative plural)
věče (singular vocative)
vě̑ka (dual vocative)
vě̑ci (plural vocative)
vě̑kъ (nominative singular)
vě̑ky (dual nominative)
vě̑kove (nominative plural)
vě̑ku (genitive singular)
věkovù (dual genitive)
věkòvъ (genitive plural)
vě̑kovi (dative singular)
věkъmà (dative dual)
vě̑kъmъ (dative plural)
vě̑kъ (accusative singular)
vě̑ky (accusative dual)
vě̑ky (accusative plural)
vě̑kъmь (instrumental singular)
věkъmà (dual instrumental)
věkъmì (instrumental plural)
věkú (locative singular)
věkovù (dual locative)
vě̑kъxъ (locative plural)
věku (singular vocative)
vě̑ky (dual vocative)
vě̑kove (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вѣкъ (věkŭ)

Old Ruthenian: вѣкъ (věk)

Belarusian: век (vjek)

Carpathian Rusyn: вік (vik)

Ukrainian: вік (vik)

Middle Russian: вѣкъ (věk)

Russian: век (vek)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: вѣкъ (věkŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⱑⰽⱏ (věkŭ)

Bulgarian: век (vek)

Macedonian: век (vek)

Serbo-Croatian: ве̑к

Slovene: vék

West Slavic:

Old Czech: věk
Czech: věk

desctree

Old Polish: wiek
Polish: wiek
Silesian: wiek

Pannonian Rusyn: вик (vik)

Slovak: vek

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: wiek

Slovincian: wjêk

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wěk

Upper Sorbian: wěk

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: veac

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wáikas, from Proto-Indo-European *weyk- (“to overcome”). Cognate with Lithuanian viẽkas (“power, life”).


věčьnъ

věčьnъ (masculine nominative singular)
věčьna (feminine nominative singular)
věčьno (neuter nominative singular)
věčьna (genitive masculine singular)
věčьny (feminine genitive singular)
věčьna (genitive neuter singular)
věčьnu (dative masculine singular)
věčьně (dative feminine singular)
věčьnu (dative neuter singular)
věčьnъ (accusative masculine singular)
věčьnǫ (accusative feminine singular)
věčьno (accusative neuter singular)
věčьnomь (instrumental masculine singular)
věčьnojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
věčьnomь (instrumental neuter singular)
věčьně (locative masculine singular)
věčьně (feminine locative singular)
věčьně (locative neuter singular)
věčьne (masculine singular vocative)
věčьno (feminine singular vocative)
věčьno (neuter singular vocative)
věčьna (dual masculine nominative)
věčьně (dual feminine nominative)
věčьně (dual neuter nominative)
věčьnu (dual genitive masculine)
věčьnu (dual feminine genitive)
věčьnu (dual genitive neuter)
věčьnoma (dative dual masculine)
věčьnama (dative dual feminine)
věčьnoma (dative dual neuter)
věčьna (accusative dual masculine)
věčьně (accusative dual feminine)
věčьně (accusative dual neuter)
věčьnoma (dual instrumental masculine)
věčьnama (dual feminine instrumental)
věčьnoma (dual instrumental neuter)
věčьnu (dual locative masculine)
věčьnu (dual feminine locative)
věčьnu (dual locative neuter)
věčьna (dual masculine vocative)
věčьně (dual feminine vocative)
věčьně (dual neuter vocative)
věčьni (masculine nominative plural)
věčьny (feminine nominative plural)
věčьna (neuter nominative plural)
věčьnъ (genitive masculine plural)
věčьnъ (feminine genitive plural)
věčьnъ (genitive neuter plural)
věčьnomъ (dative masculine plural)
věčьnamъ (dative feminine plural)
věčьnomъ (dative neuter plural)
věčьny (accusative masculine plural)
věčьny (accusative feminine plural)
věčьna (accusative neuter plural)
věčьny (instrumental masculine plural)
věčьnami (feminine instrumental plural)
věčьny (instrumental neuter plural)
věčьněxъ (locative masculine plural)
věčьnaxъ (feminine locative plural)
věčьněxъ (locative neuter plural)
věčьni (masculine plural vocative)
věčьny (feminine plural vocative)
věčьna (neuter plural vocative)
věčьnъjь (masculine nominative singular)
věčьnaja (feminine nominative singular)
věčьnoje (neuter nominative singular)
věčьnajego (genitive masculine singular)
věčьnyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
věčьnajego (genitive neuter singular)
věčьnujemu (dative masculine singular)
věčьněji (dative feminine singular)
věčьnujemu (dative neuter singular)
věčьnъjь (accusative masculine singular)
věčьnǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
věčьnoje (accusative neuter singular)
věčьnyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
věčьnǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
věčьnyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
věčьnějemь (locative masculine singular)
věčьněji (feminine locative singular)
věčьnějemь (locative neuter singular)
věčьnъjь (masculine singular vocative)
věčьnaja (feminine singular vocative)
věčьnoje (neuter singular vocative)
věčьnaja (dual masculine nominative)
věčьněji (dual feminine nominative)
věčьněji (dual neuter nominative)
věčьnuju (dual genitive masculine)
věčьnuju (dual feminine genitive)
věčьnuju (dual genitive neuter)
věčьnyjima (dative dual masculine)
věčьnyjima (dative dual feminine)
věčьnyjima (dative dual neuter)
věčьnaja (accusative dual masculine)
věčьněji (accusative dual feminine)
věčьněji (accusative dual neuter)
věčьnyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
věčьnyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
věčьnyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
věčьnuju (dual locative masculine)
věčьnuju (dual feminine locative)
věčьnuju (dual locative neuter)
věčьnaja (dual masculine vocative)
věčьněji (dual feminine vocative)
věčьněji (dual neuter vocative)
věčьniji (masculine nominative plural)
věčьnyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
věčьnaja (neuter nominative plural)
věčьnъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
věčьnъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
věčьnъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
věčьnyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
věčьnyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
věčьnyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
věčьnyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
věčьnyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
věčьnaja (accusative neuter plural)
věčьnyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
věčьnyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
věčьnyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
věčьnyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
věčьnyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
věčьnyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
věčьniji (masculine plural vocative)
věčьnyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
věčьnaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ве́чны (vjéčny)

Russian: ве́чный (véčnyj)

Ukrainian: ві́чний (víčnyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: вѣчьнъ (věčĭnŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⱑⱍⱐⱀⱏ (věčĭnŭ)

Bulgarian: вечен (večen)

Macedonian: вечен (večen)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ве̏чан, вје̏чан

Roman: vȅčan, vjȅčan

Slovene: vẹ́čən (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: věčný

Czech: věčný

Old Polish: wieczny

Polish: wieczny

Pannonian Rusyn: вични (vični)

Slovak: večný

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wěčny

Lower Sorbian: wěcny


jьgrati

jьgranьje (noun-from-verb)
jьgrati (infinitive)
jьgratъ (supine)
jьgralъ (l-participle)
jьgranъ (participle passive past)
jьgrajemъ (participle passive present)
jьgravъ (active participle past)
jьgraję (active participle present)
jьgraxъ (aorist first-person singular)
jьgra (aorist second-person singular)
jьgra (aorist singular third-person)
jьgrajǫ (first-person present singular)
jьgraješi (present second-person singular)
jьgrajetь (present singular third-person)
jьgraxově (aorist dual first-person)
jьgrasta (aorist dual second-person)
jьgraste (aorist dual third-person)
jьgrajevě (dual first-person present)
jьgrajeta (dual present second-person)
jьgrajete (dual present third-person)
jьgraxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
jьgraste (aorist plural second-person)
jьgrašę (aorist plural third-person)
jьgrajemъ (first-person plural present)
jьgrajete (plural present second-person)
jьgrajǫtь (plural present third-person)
jьgraaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
jьgraaše (imperfect second-person singular)
jьgraaše (imperfect singular third-person)
jьgraji (imperative second-person singular)
jьgraji (imperative singular third-person)
jьgraaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
jьgraašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
jьgraašete (dual imperfect third-person)
jьgrajivě (dual first-person imperative)
jьgrajita (dual imperative second-person)
jьgraaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
jьgraašete (imperfect plural second-person)
jьgraaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
jьgrajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
jьgrajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: играти (igrati)

desc

Belarusian: граць (hracʹ), ігра́ць (ihrácʹ)

Russian: игра́ть (igrátʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: гра́ти (hráty)

Ukrainian: гра́ти (hráty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: играти (igrati)

Bulgarian: игра́я (igrája)

Macedonian: игра (igra)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: и̏грати

Latin script: ȉgrati

Slovene: igráti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Polabian: jaigroją (3pl.)

Old Czech: jhráti
Czech: hrát

Old Polish: igrać

Polish: grać, igrać

Old Slovak: hrať, ihrať

Pannonian Rusyn: грац (hrac)

Slovak: hrať, ihrať

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: jigrac, grac

Slovincian: grac

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: hrać

Lower Sorbian: graś, jgraś


krotiti

kroťenьje (noun-from-verb)
krotiti (infinitive)
krotitъ (supine)
krotilъ (l-participle)
kroťenъ (participle passive past)
krotimъ (participle passive present)
kroťь (active participle past)
krotę (active participle present)
krotixъ (aorist first-person singular)
kroti (aorist second-person singular)
kroti (aorist singular third-person)
kroťǫ (first-person present singular)
krotiši (present second-person singular)
krotitь (present singular third-person)
krotixově (aorist dual first-person)
krotista (aorist dual second-person)
krotiste (aorist dual third-person)
krotivě (dual first-person present)
krotita (dual present second-person)
krotite (dual present third-person)
krotixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
krotiste (aorist plural second-person)
krotišę (aorist plural third-person)
krotimъ (first-person plural present)
krotite (plural present second-person)
krotętь (plural present third-person)
kroťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kroťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kroťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kroti (imperative second-person singular)
kroti (imperative singular third-person)
kroťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kroťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kroťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
krotivě (dual first-person imperative)
krotita (dual imperative second-person)
kroťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kroťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kroťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
krotimъ (first-person imperative plural)
krotite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: кроти́ть (krotítʹ) (dialectal)

⇒ Russian: укроти́ть (ukrotítʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: кротити (krotiti)

Glagolitic script: ⰽⱃⱁⱅⰻⱅⰻ (krotiti)

Bulgarian: кротя́ (krotjá)

Macedonian: скротува (skrotuva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кро̀тити

Latin script: kròtiti

Slovene: krotiti

West Slavic:

Old Czech: krotiti

Czech: krotit

Old Polish: krócić

⇒ Polish: ukrócić

Slovak: krotiť


sěmьja

sěmьjà (canonical feminine)
sěmьjà (nominative singular)
sě̑mьji (dual nominative)
sě̑mьję̇ (nominative plural)
sěmьję̇́ (genitive singular)
sěmьjù (dual genitive)
sěmь̀jь (genitive plural)
sěmьjì (dative singular)
sěmьjàma (dative dual)
sěmьjàmъ (dative plural)
sě̑mьjǫ (accusative singular)
sě̑mьji (accusative dual)
sě̑mьję̇ (accusative plural)
sěmьjejǫ́ (instrumental singular)
sěmьjàma (dual instrumental)
sěmьjàmi (instrumental plural)
sě̑mьjī (locative singular)
sěmьjù (dual locative)
sěmьjàsъ (locative plural)
sěmьjàxъ (locative plural)
sěmьje (singular vocative)
sě̑mьji (dual vocative)
sě̑mьję̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сѣмьꙗ (sěmĭja), сѣмиꙗ (sěmija)

Old Ruthenian: сѣмьꙗ (sěmʹja)

Belarusian: сям'я́ (sjamʺjá)

Ukrainian: сім'я́ (simʺjá)

Russian: семья́ (semʹjá)

→ Old Polish: siemia

From *sě̑mь (“household member”) + *-ьjà (“collective”). Cognates include Lithuanian šeimà (“family”), Latvian sàime (“members of a household, (extended) family”), Old Prussian seimīns (“members of a household, family and servants”).

ętry

sister-in-law (husband's brother's wife)


sěmьjьstvo

sěmьjьstvo (nominative singular)
sěmьjьstvě (dual nominative)
sěmьjьstva (nominative plural)
sěmьjьstva (genitive singular)
sěmьjьstvu (dual genitive)
sěmьjьstvъ (genitive plural)
sěmьjьstvu (dative singular)
sěmьjьstvoma (dative dual)
sěmьjьstvomъ (dative plural)
sěmьjьstvo (accusative singular)
sěmьjьstvě (accusative dual)
sěmьjьstva (accusative plural)
sěmьjьstvъmь (instrumental singular)
sěmьjьstvomь (instrumental singular)
sěmьjьstvoma (dual instrumental)
sěmьjьstvy (instrumental plural)
sěmьjьstvě (locative singular)
sěmьjьstvu (dual locative)
sěmьjьstvěxъ (locative plural)
sěmьjьstvo (singular vocative)
sěmьjьstvě (dual vocative)
sěmьjьstva (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: сяме́йства (sjamjéjstva)

Russian: семе́йство (seméjstvo)

Ukrainian: сіме́йство (siméjstvo)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: семе́йство (seméjstvo)

Macedonian: семејство (semejstvo)


sěmьjьnъ

sěmьjьnъ (masculine nominative singular)
sěmьjьna (feminine nominative singular)
sěmьjьno (neuter nominative singular)
sěmьjьna (genitive masculine singular)
sěmьjьny (feminine genitive singular)
sěmьjьna (genitive neuter singular)
sěmьjьnu (dative masculine singular)
sěmьjьně (dative feminine singular)
sěmьjьnu (dative neuter singular)
sěmьjьnъ (accusative masculine singular)
sěmьjьnǫ (accusative feminine singular)
sěmьjьno (accusative neuter singular)
sěmьjьnomь (instrumental masculine singular)
sěmьjьnojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
sěmьjьnomь (instrumental neuter singular)
sěmьjьně (locative masculine singular)
sěmьjьně (feminine locative singular)
sěmьjьně (locative neuter singular)
sěmьjьne (masculine singular vocative)
sěmьjьno (feminine singular vocative)
sěmьjьno (neuter singular vocative)
sěmьjьna (dual masculine nominative)
sěmьjьně (dual feminine nominative)
sěmьjьně (dual neuter nominative)
sěmьjьnu (dual genitive masculine)
sěmьjьnu (dual feminine genitive)
sěmьjьnu (dual genitive neuter)
sěmьjьnoma (dative dual masculine)
sěmьjьnama (dative dual feminine)
sěmьjьnoma (dative dual neuter)
sěmьjьna (accusative dual masculine)
sěmьjьně (accusative dual feminine)
sěmьjьně (accusative dual neuter)
sěmьjьnoma (dual instrumental masculine)
sěmьjьnama (dual feminine instrumental)
sěmьjьnoma (dual instrumental neuter)
sěmьjьnu (dual locative masculine)
sěmьjьnu (dual feminine locative)
sěmьjьnu (dual locative neuter)
sěmьjьna (dual masculine vocative)
sěmьjьně (dual feminine vocative)
sěmьjьně (dual neuter vocative)
sěmьjьni (masculine nominative plural)
sěmьjьny (feminine nominative plural)
sěmьjьna (neuter nominative plural)
sěmьjьnъ (genitive masculine plural)
sěmьjьnъ (feminine genitive plural)
sěmьjьnъ (genitive neuter plural)
sěmьjьnomъ (dative masculine plural)
sěmьjьnamъ (dative feminine plural)
sěmьjьnomъ (dative neuter plural)
sěmьjьny (accusative masculine plural)
sěmьjьny (accusative feminine plural)
sěmьjьna (accusative neuter plural)
sěmьjьny (instrumental masculine plural)
sěmьjьnami (feminine instrumental plural)
sěmьjьny (instrumental neuter plural)
sěmьjьněxъ (locative masculine plural)
sěmьjьnaxъ (feminine locative plural)
sěmьjьněxъ (locative neuter plural)
sěmьjьni (masculine plural vocative)
sěmьjьny (feminine plural vocative)
sěmьjьna (neuter plural vocative)
sěmьjьnъjь (masculine nominative singular)
sěmьjьnaja (feminine nominative singular)
sěmьjьnoje (neuter nominative singular)
sěmьjьnajego (genitive masculine singular)
sěmьjьnyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
sěmьjьnajego (genitive neuter singular)
sěmьjьnujemu (dative masculine singular)
sěmьjьněji (dative feminine singular)
sěmьjьnujemu (dative neuter singular)
sěmьjьnъjь (accusative masculine singular)
sěmьjьnǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
sěmьjьnoje (accusative neuter singular)
sěmьjьnyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
sěmьjьnǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
sěmьjьnyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
sěmьjьnějemь (locative masculine singular)
sěmьjьněji (feminine locative singular)
sěmьjьnějemь (locative neuter singular)
sěmьjьnъjь (masculine singular vocative)
sěmьjьnaja (feminine singular vocative)
sěmьjьnoje (neuter singular vocative)
sěmьjьnaja (dual masculine nominative)
sěmьjьněji (dual feminine nominative)
sěmьjьněji (dual neuter nominative)
sěmьjьnuju (dual genitive masculine)
sěmьjьnuju (dual feminine genitive)
sěmьjьnuju (dual genitive neuter)
sěmьjьnyjima (dative dual masculine)
sěmьjьnyjima (dative dual feminine)
sěmьjьnyjima (dative dual neuter)
sěmьjьnaja (accusative dual masculine)
sěmьjьněji (accusative dual feminine)
sěmьjьněji (accusative dual neuter)
sěmьjьnyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
sěmьjьnyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
sěmьjьnyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
sěmьjьnuju (dual locative masculine)
sěmьjьnuju (dual feminine locative)
sěmьjьnuju (dual locative neuter)
sěmьjьnaja (dual masculine vocative)
sěmьjьněji (dual feminine vocative)
sěmьjьněji (dual neuter vocative)
sěmьjьniji (masculine nominative plural)
sěmьjьnyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
sěmьjьnaja (neuter nominative plural)
sěmьjьnъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
sěmьjьnъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
sěmьjьnъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
sěmьjьnyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
sěmьjьnyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
sěmьjьnyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
sěmьjьnyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
sěmьjьnyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
sěmьjьnaja (accusative neuter plural)
sěmьjьnyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
sěmьjьnyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
sěmьjьnyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
sěmьjьnyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
sěmьjьnyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
sěmьjьnyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
sěmьjьniji (masculine plural vocative)
sěmьjьnyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
sěmьjьnaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: сяме́йны (sjamjéjny)

Russian: семе́йный (seméjnyj)

Ukrainian: сіме́йний (siméjnyj)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: семе́ен (seméen)

(dialectal) relating to family, household


svirěpъ

svirěpъ (masculine nominative singular)
svirěpa (feminine nominative singular)
svirěpo (neuter nominative singular)
svirěpa (genitive masculine singular)
svirěpy (feminine genitive singular)
svirěpa (genitive neuter singular)
svirěpu (dative masculine singular)
svirěpě (dative feminine singular)
svirěpu (dative neuter singular)
svirěpъ (accusative masculine singular)
svirěpǫ (accusative feminine singular)
svirěpo (accusative neuter singular)
svirěpomь (instrumental masculine singular)
svirěpojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
svirěpomь (instrumental neuter singular)
svirěpě (locative masculine singular)
svirěpě (feminine locative singular)
svirěpě (locative neuter singular)
svirěpe (masculine singular vocative)
svirěpo (feminine singular vocative)
svirěpo (neuter singular vocative)
svirěpa (dual masculine nominative)
svirěpě (dual feminine nominative)
svirěpě (dual neuter nominative)
svirěpu (dual genitive masculine)
svirěpu (dual feminine genitive)
svirěpu (dual genitive neuter)
svirěpoma (dative dual masculine)
svirěpama (dative dual feminine)
svirěpoma (dative dual neuter)
svirěpa (accusative dual masculine)
svirěpě (accusative dual feminine)
svirěpě (accusative dual neuter)
svirěpoma (dual instrumental masculine)
svirěpama (dual feminine instrumental)
svirěpoma (dual instrumental neuter)
svirěpu (dual locative masculine)
svirěpu (dual feminine locative)
svirěpu (dual locative neuter)
svirěpa (dual masculine vocative)
svirěpě (dual feminine vocative)
svirěpě (dual neuter vocative)
svirěpi (masculine nominative plural)
svirěpy (feminine nominative plural)
svirěpa (neuter nominative plural)
svirěpъ (genitive masculine plural)
svirěpъ (feminine genitive plural)
svirěpъ (genitive neuter plural)
svirěpomъ (dative masculine plural)
svirěpamъ (dative feminine plural)
svirěpomъ (dative neuter plural)
svirěpy (accusative masculine plural)
svirěpy (accusative feminine plural)
svirěpa (accusative neuter plural)
svirěpy (instrumental masculine plural)
svirěpami (feminine instrumental plural)
svirěpy (instrumental neuter plural)
svirěpěxъ (locative masculine plural)
svirěpaxъ (feminine locative plural)
svirěpěxъ (locative neuter plural)
svirěpi (masculine plural vocative)
svirěpy (feminine plural vocative)
svirěpa (neuter plural vocative)
svirěpъjь (masculine nominative singular)
svirěpaja (feminine nominative singular)
svirěpoje (neuter nominative singular)
svirěpajego (genitive masculine singular)
svirěpyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
svirěpajego (genitive neuter singular)
svirěpujemu (dative masculine singular)
svirěpěji (dative feminine singular)
svirěpujemu (dative neuter singular)
svirěpъjь (accusative masculine singular)
svirěpǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
svirěpoje (accusative neuter singular)
svirěpyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
svirěpǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
svirěpyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
svirěpějemь (locative masculine singular)
svirěpěji (feminine locative singular)
svirěpějemь (locative neuter singular)
svirěpъjь (masculine singular vocative)
svirěpaja (feminine singular vocative)
svirěpoje (neuter singular vocative)
svirěpaja (dual masculine nominative)
svirěpěji (dual feminine nominative)
svirěpěji (dual neuter nominative)
svirěpuju (dual genitive masculine)
svirěpuju (dual feminine genitive)
svirěpuju (dual genitive neuter)
svirěpyjima (dative dual masculine)
svirěpyjima (dative dual feminine)
svirěpyjima (dative dual neuter)
svirěpaja (accusative dual masculine)
svirěpěji (accusative dual feminine)
svirěpěji (accusative dual neuter)
svirěpyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
svirěpyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
svirěpyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
svirěpuju (dual locative masculine)
svirěpuju (dual feminine locative)
svirěpuju (dual locative neuter)
svirěpaja (dual masculine vocative)
svirěpěji (dual feminine vocative)
svirěpěji (dual neuter vocative)
svirěpiji (masculine nominative plural)
svirěpyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
svirěpaja (neuter nominative plural)
svirěpъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
svirěpъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
svirěpъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
svirěpyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
svirěpyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
svirěpyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
svirěpyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
svirěpyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
svirěpaja (accusative neuter plural)
svirěpyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
svirěpyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
svirěpyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
svirěpyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
svirěpyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
svirěpyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
svirěpiji (masculine plural vocative)
svirěpyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
svirěpaja (neuter plural vocative)


pleťe

pleťè (canonical neuter)
pleťè (nominative singular)
plèťi (dual nominative)
plèťa (nominative plural)
pleťà (genitive singular)
pleťu (dual genitive)
plèťь (genitive plural)
pleťù (dative singular)
pleťema (dative dual)
plèťemъ (dative plural)
pleťè (accusative singular)
plèťi (accusative dual)
plèťa (accusative plural)
pleťь̀mь (instrumental singular)
pleťèmь (instrumental singular)
pleťema (dual instrumental)
plèťi (instrumental plural)
pleťì (locative singular)
pleťu (dual locative)
plèťixъ (locative plural)
pleťè (singular vocative)
plèťi (dual vocative)
plèťa (plural vocative)

East Slavic: плече (pleče), плечи du (pleči), плеча pl (pleča)

desc

Belarusian: плячо́ (pljačó), пле́чы pl (pljéčy)

Russian: плечо́ (plečó), пле́чи pl (pléči), плеча́ pl (plečá) (archaic)

Ukrainian: плече́ (plečé), пле́чі pl (pléči)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: плєщє (plešte), плєщи du (plešti), плєща pl (plešta) (“scapula bones”)

Bulgarian: пле́щи pl (pléšti, “scapula”)

Macedonian: плеќи pl (pleḱi, “scapula”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: плѐће, плѐћа pl, пле̏ħи f pl (“scapula”)

Roman: plèće, plèća pl, plȅći f pl (“scapula”)

Slovene: plêče (“scapula”)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: plece

Czech: plece

Knaanic: פְלֵצַא (pleca)

Polabian: plicĕ

Old Polish: plece

Middle Polish: plec m or f, plece n, pleca f, plecy pl, pleca pl

Polish: plecy pl

Silesian: pleca pl

Old Slovak: plece

Slovak: plece

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: plecë pl

Slovincian: plêcë pl

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: placo

Upper Sorbian: pleco

→ Yiddish: פּלייצע (pleytse) (from an indeterminate Slavic language)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *plet-, from Proto-Indo-European *pleth₂- (“flat, broad”).


pǫtь

pǫ̃tь (canonical masculine)
pǫ̃tь (nominative singular)
pǭtì (dual nominative)
pǫ̃tьjē (nominative plural)
pǫ̃ti (genitive singular)
pǫ̃tьju (dual genitive)
pǭtь̀jь (genitive plural)
pǭtì (dative singular)
pǫ̃tьma (dative dual)
pǭtь̀mъ (dative plural)
pǫ̃tь (accusative singular)
pǭtì (accusative dual)
pǭtì (accusative plural)
pǭtь̀mь (instrumental singular)
pǫ̃tьma (dual instrumental)
pǫ̃tьmī (instrumental plural)
pǫ̃ti (locative singular)
pǫ̃tьju (dual locative)
pǭtь̀xъ (locative plural)
pǫti (singular vocative)
pǭtì (dual vocative)
pǫ̃tьjē (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: путь (putĭ)

Belarusian: пуць (pucʹ)

Russian: путь (putʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: путь (putʹ)

Ukrainian: путь (putʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: пѫть (pǫtĭ)

Glagolitic: ⱂⱘⱅⱐ (pǫtĭ)

Bulgarian: път (pǎt), пънт (pǎnt) (dialectal)

Macedonian: пат (pat)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пу̑т

Latin script: pȗt

Slovene: pọ̑t (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: pút

Czech: pouť

Moravian (Mistřice): púť

Old Polish: pąć

Polish: pąć

Silesian: pōńć

Polabian: pǫt

Slovak: púť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: puć

Lower Sorbian: puś

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *pent-
Proto-Indo-European *póntoh₁s
Proto-Balto-Slavic *pántis
Proto-Slavic *pǫtь
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pántis/*pintis, from Proto-Indo-European *póntoh₁s, from *pent-. Cognate with Old Prussian pintis (“way, road”).


kvisti

kvistì (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
kvьtenьje (noun-from-verb)
kvisti (infinitive)
kvistъ (supine)
kvьtlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
kvьtenъ (participle passive past)
kvьtomъ (participle passive present)
kvьtъ (active participle past)
kvьty (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
kvьtъ (aorist first-person singular)
kvьtoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kvьte (aorist second-person singular)
kvьte (aorist singular third-person)
kvьtǫ (first-person present singular)
kvьteši (present second-person singular)
kvьtetь (present singular third-person)
kvьtově (aorist dual first-person)
kvьtoxově (aorist dual first-person)
kvьteta (aorist dual second-person)
kvьtosta (aorist dual second-person)
kvьtete (aorist dual third-person)
kvьtoste (aorist dual third-person)
kvьtevě (dual first-person present)
kvьteta (dual present second-person)
kvьtete (dual present third-person)
kvьtomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kvьtoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kvьtete (aorist plural second-person)
kvьtoste (aorist plural second-person)
kvьtǫ (aorist plural third-person)
kvьtošę (aorist plural third-person)
kvьtemъ (first-person plural present)
kvьtete (plural present second-person)
kvьtǫtь (plural present third-person)
kvьtěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kvьtěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kvьtěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kvьti (imperative second-person singular)
kvьti (imperative singular third-person)
kvьtěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kvьtěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kvьtěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kvьtěvě (dual first-person imperative)
kvьtěta (dual imperative second-person)
kvьtěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kvьtěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kvьtěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kvьtěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
kvьtěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: цвьсти (cvĭsti)

desc

Belarusian: цвісці́ (cviscí), цьвісьці́ (cʹvisʹcí) (Tarashkevitsa orthography)

Russian: цвести́ (cvestí), цвѣсти́ (cvěstí) (obsolete)

Ukrainian: квісти́ (kvistý), цвісти́ (cvistý)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: цвисти (cvisti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: цъфтя́ (cǎftjá), цъвтя́ (cǎvtjá) (obsolete)

Macedonian: цвета (cveta)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: цва̀сти

Latin script: cvàsti

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: cvèsti, cvestȉ, cvésti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kvisti

Czech: kvésti (archaic), kvést

Old Polish: kwiść

Polish: kwiść (archaic or dialectal)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: kwisć

Upper Sorbian: 1sg. ktu (infinitive kćěć is from *kvьtěti)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kweistei. Related to Latvian kvitêt (“to shimmer, to glimmer”).
* Per Derksen, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweyt-, where Proto-Indo-European *ḱw- is depalatalized to *kw- in Balto-Slavic before a back vowel but has its regular reflex św- before a front vowel, and the complex pattern of related Proto-Slavic words with *kv- and *sv- (see Related terms, below) is due to analogical changes in both directions.
* Per Rix (LIV), there are two separate roots, Proto-Indo-European *ḱweyt- (“to become bright”) and Proto-Indo-European *kweyt- (“to shine”), the latter found only in Balto-Slavic.
* Chernykh refers to a substitution of "West-European" *k in place of *ḱ-, presumably suggesting a borrowing from a Centum language to the West of Proto-Balto-Slavic.
* Trubachev's theory is of "secondary centumization", which appears to be essentially the same as Chernykh's.


pokojь

pokòjь (canonical masculine)
pokòjь (nominative singular)
pokòja (dual nominative)
pokòji (nominative plural)
pokòja (genitive singular)
pokòju (dual genitive)
pokòjь (genitive plural)
pokòju (dative singular)
pokòjema (dative dual)
pokòjēmъ (dative plural)
pokòjь (accusative singular)
pokòja (accusative dual)
pokòję̇ (accusative plural)
pokòjьmь (instrumental singular)
pokòjemь (instrumental singular)
pokòjema (dual instrumental)
pokòjī (instrumental plural)
pokòji (locative singular)
pokòju (dual locative)
pokòjīxъ (locative plural)
pokòju (singular vocative)
pokòja (dual vocative)
pokòji (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: покои (pokoi)

Old Ruthenian: поко́й (pokój)

desc

Belarusian: пако́й (pakój), спако́й (spakój), супако́й (supakój)

Ukrainian: по́кій (pókij), спо́кій (spókij)

Russian: поко́й (pokój)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: покои (pokoi)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⱁⰽⱁⰻ (pokoi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: по̀кој, спо̀кој

Latin: pòkoj, spòkoj

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: pókoj, pokȍj (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: pokoj

Czech: pokoj

desctree

Old Polish: pokój
Polish: pokój
Silesian: pokōj

Old Slovak: pokoj

Pannonian Rusyn: покой (pokoj)

Slovak: pokoj

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: pòkój

Slovincian: pôkój

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pokoj

Upper Sorbian: pokoj

From *po- + *kojь, the second part from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoyh₁-o-, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷyeh₁- (“rest, peace”).


kolkolъ

kȏlkolъ (canonical masculine)
kȏlkolъ (nominative singular)
kȏlkola (dual nominative)
kȏlkoli (nominative plural)
kȏlkola (genitive singular)
kolkolù (dual genitive)
kolkòlъ (genitive plural)
kȏlkolu (dative singular)
kolkolomà (dative dual)
kolkolòmъ (dative plural)
kȏlkolъ (accusative singular)
kȏlkola (accusative dual)
kȏlkoly (accusative plural)
kȏlkolъmь (instrumental singular)
kȏlkolomь (instrumental singular)
kolkolomà (dual instrumental)
kolkolý (instrumental plural)
kȏlkolě (locative singular)
kolkolù (dual locative)
kolkolě̃xъ (locative plural)
kolkole (singular vocative)
kȏlkola (dual vocative)
kȏlkoli (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: ко́локол (kólokol)

Ukrainian: ко́локіл (kólokil)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: клаколъ (klakolŭ)

West Slavic:

Polabian: kluokü’öl, klåťöl

Suggested to be from Proto-Indo-European *kolHkolH-o-, from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to call, shout”). Cognate with Latvian kaļuôt (“talk idly”), Greek καλέω (kaléo, “call”), Latin calāre (“call”). In any case, ultimately onomatopoeic.


Perunъ

Perunъ (nominative singular)
Peruna (genitive singular)
Perunu (dative singular)
Perunъ (accusative singular)
Peruně (locative singular)
Perune (singular vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: Перунъ (Perunŭ)
Old Ruthenian: Перунъ (Perun)
Belarusian: Пяру́н (Pjarún)
Carpathian Rusyn: Перу́н (Perún)
Ukrainian: Перу́н (Perún)
Russian: Перу́н (Perún)

Old Novgorodian: Перꙑне (Peryne)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: Перун (Perun)

Macedonian: Перун (Perun)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: Пе̏рун

Latin script: Pȅrun

Slovene: Perun

West Slavic:

Czech: Perun

Old Polish: Piorun, Pierun, Pieruń

Polish: Piorun

Old Slovak: Parom


pьzděti

pьzděnьje (noun-from-verb)
pьzděti (infinitive)
pьzdětъ (supine)
pьzdělъ (l-participle)
pьzděvъ (active participle past)
pьzdę (active participle present)
pьzděxъ (aorist first-person singular)
pьzdě (aorist second-person singular)
pьzdě (aorist singular third-person)
pьzďǫ (first-person present singular)
pьzdiši (present second-person singular)
pьzditь (present singular third-person)
pьzděxově (aorist dual first-person)
pьzděsta (aorist dual second-person)
pьzděste (aorist dual third-person)
pьzdivě (dual first-person present)
pьzdita (dual present second-person)
pьzdite (dual present third-person)
pьzděxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pьzděste (aorist plural second-person)
pьzděšę (aorist plural third-person)
pьzdimъ (first-person plural present)
pьzdite (plural present second-person)
pьzdętь (plural present third-person)
pьzděaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pьzděaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pьzděaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pьzdi (imperative second-person singular)
pьzdi (imperative singular third-person)
pьzděaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pьzděašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pьzděašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pьzdivě (dual first-person imperative)
pьzdita (dual imperative second-person)
pьzděaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pьzděašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pьzděaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pьzdimъ (first-person imperative plural)
pьzdite (imperative plural second-person)
*bьzděti (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *бьздѣти (*bĭzděti)

Old Ruthenian: *бздѣ́ти (*bzdě́ti)
Belarusian: бздзець (bzdzjecʹ)
Carpathian Rusyn: бздї́ти (bzdjíty)
Ukrainian: бзді́ти (bzdíty); бизді́ти (byzdíty), пезді́ти (pezdíty) (dialectal)

Russian: бздеть (bzdetʹ)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: пъздя́ (pǎzdjá), бъздя́ (bǎzdjá) (dialectal)

Macedonian: базди (bazdi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ба̀здети, ба̀здјети

Cyrillic script: ба̀здети, ба̀здјети

Latin script: bàzdeti, bàzdjeti

Slovene: pezdéti

West Slavic:

desctree

Old Czech: pzdieti, bzdieti
Early Modern Czech: bzdíti
Czech: bzdít

Polish: bździeć, bździć

Silesian: bździeć

Slovak: bzdieť

Kashubian: bzdzëc

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: bźeś

Upper Sorbian: bzdeć

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *p(e)sdeˀtei, *b(e)sdeˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *pesd-. Cognate with Latvian bzdêt, Lithuanian bezdė́ti, Ancient Greek βδέω (bdéō), Latin pēdō.


žerdlo

žērdlò (canonical neuter)
žērdlò (nominative singular)
žẽrdlě (dual nominative)
žērdlà (nominative plural)
žērdlà (genitive singular)
žērdlù (dual genitive)
žẽrdlъ (genitive plural)
žērdlù (dative singular)
žērdlòma (dative dual)
žērdlòmъ (dative plural)
žērdlò (accusative singular)
žẽrdlě (accusative dual)
žērdlà (accusative plural)
žērdlъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
žērdlòmь (instrumental singular)
žērdlòma (dual instrumental)
žẽrdly (instrumental plural)
žērdlě̀ (locative singular)
žērdlù (dual locative)
žẽrdlěxъ (locative plural)
žērdlò (singular vocative)
žẽrdlě (dual vocative)
žērdlà (plural vocative)
*žьrdlo (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: жерело (žerelo)

Belarusian: жарало́ (žaraló)

Carpathian Rusyn: жерело́ (žereló)

Russian: жерло́ (žerló)

Ukrainian: джерело́ (džereló)

Old Novgorodian: жерегло (žereglo)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: жрѣло (žrělo)

Glagolitic script: ⰶⱃⱑⰾⱁ (žrělo)

desc

Bulgarian: жрело́ (žreló), ждрело́ (ždreló)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ждре́ло, ждри́јело

Latin script: ždrélo, ždríjelo

Slovene: žrélo

West Slavic:

Kashubian: zdrzódło, rzódło

Old Czech: žřiedlo

Czech: zřídlo

desctree

Old Polish: źródło, jrzódło, rziódło, źrzódło, źrzudło
Polish: źródło
Silesian: zdrzōdło

Old Slovak: žhrídlo, žriedlo, žrídlo

Pannonian Rusyn: жридло (žridlo)

Slovak: žriedlo

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: žŕodło

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gerˀtlá, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerh₃-tló-m, from *gʷerh₃- (“to devour, swallow”). Equivalent to *žerti (“to devour, eat (of animals)”) + *-dlo.
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian gerklė̃ (“throat, larynx”), East Lithuanian gérklę.
Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek ζέρεθρον (zérethron).


tьnъkъ

tьnъkъ (masculine nominative singular)
tьnъka (feminine nominative singular)
tьnъko (neuter nominative singular)
tьnъka (genitive masculine singular)
tьnъky (feminine genitive singular)
tьnъka (genitive neuter singular)
tьnъku (dative masculine singular)
tьnъcě (dative feminine singular)
tьnъku (dative neuter singular)
tьnъkъ (accusative masculine singular)
tьnъkǫ (accusative feminine singular)
tьnъko (accusative neuter singular)
tьnъkomь (instrumental masculine singular)
tьnъkojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
tьnъkomь (instrumental neuter singular)
tьnъcě (locative masculine singular)
tьnъcě (feminine locative singular)
tьnъcě (locative neuter singular)
tьnъče (masculine singular vocative)
tьnъko (feminine singular vocative)
tьnъko (neuter singular vocative)
tьnъka (dual masculine nominative)
tьnъcě (dual feminine nominative)
tьnъcě (dual neuter nominative)
tьnъku (dual genitive masculine)
tьnъku (dual feminine genitive)
tьnъku (dual genitive neuter)
tьnъkoma (dative dual masculine)
tьnъkama (dative dual feminine)
tьnъkoma (dative dual neuter)
tьnъka (accusative dual masculine)
tьnъcě (accusative dual feminine)
tьnъcě (accusative dual neuter)
tьnъkoma (dual instrumental masculine)
tьnъkama (dual feminine instrumental)
tьnъkoma (dual instrumental neuter)
tьnъku (dual locative masculine)
tьnъku (dual feminine locative)
tьnъku (dual locative neuter)
tьnъka (dual masculine vocative)
tьnъcě (dual feminine vocative)
tьnъcě (dual neuter vocative)
tьnъci (masculine nominative plural)
tьnъky (feminine nominative plural)
tьnъka (neuter nominative plural)
tьnъkъ (genitive masculine plural)
tьnъkъ (feminine genitive plural)
tьnъkъ (genitive neuter plural)
tьnъkomъ (dative masculine plural)
tьnъkamъ (dative feminine plural)
tьnъkomъ (dative neuter plural)
tьnъky (accusative masculine plural)
tьnъky (accusative feminine plural)
tьnъka (accusative neuter plural)
tьnъky (instrumental masculine plural)
tьnъkami (feminine instrumental plural)
tьnъky (instrumental neuter plural)
tьnъcěxъ (locative masculine plural)
tьnъkaxъ (feminine locative plural)
tьnъcěxъ (locative neuter plural)
tьnъci (masculine plural vocative)
tьnъky (feminine plural vocative)
tьnъka (neuter plural vocative)
tьnъkъjь (masculine nominative singular)
tьnъkaja (feminine nominative singular)
tьnъkoje (neuter nominative singular)
tьnъkajego (genitive masculine singular)
tьnъkyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
tьnъkajego (genitive neuter singular)
tьnъkujemu (dative masculine singular)
tьnъcěji (dative feminine singular)
tьnъkujemu (dative neuter singular)
tьnъkъjь (accusative masculine singular)
tьnъkǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
tьnъkoje (accusative neuter singular)
tьnъkyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
tьnъkǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
tьnъkyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
tьnъcějemь (locative masculine singular)
tьnъcěji (feminine locative singular)
tьnъcějemь (locative neuter singular)
tьnъkъjь (masculine singular vocative)
tьnъkaja (feminine singular vocative)
tьnъkoje (neuter singular vocative)
tьnъkaja (dual masculine nominative)
tьnъcěji (dual feminine nominative)
tьnъcěji (dual neuter nominative)
tьnъkuju (dual genitive masculine)
tьnъkuju (dual feminine genitive)
tьnъkuju (dual genitive neuter)
tьnъkyjima (dative dual masculine)
tьnъkyjima (dative dual feminine)
tьnъkyjima (dative dual neuter)
tьnъkaja (accusative dual masculine)
tьnъcěji (accusative dual feminine)
tьnъcěji (accusative dual neuter)
tьnъkyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
tьnъkyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
tьnъkyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
tьnъkuju (dual locative masculine)
tьnъkuju (dual feminine locative)
tьnъkuju (dual locative neuter)
tьnъkaja (dual masculine vocative)
tьnъcěji (dual feminine vocative)
tьnъcěji (dual neuter vocative)
tьnъciji (masculine nominative plural)
tьnъkyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
tьnъkaja (neuter nominative plural)
tьnъkъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
tьnъkъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
tьnъkъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
tьnъkyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
tьnъkyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
tьnъkyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
tьnъkyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
tьnъkyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
tьnъkaja (accusative neuter plural)
tьnъkyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
tьnъkyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
tьnъkyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
tьnъkyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
tьnъkyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
tьnъkyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
tьnъciji (masculine plural vocative)
tьnъkyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
tьnъkaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: тънъкъ (tŭnŭkŭ)

Belarusian: то́нкі (tónki)

Russian: то́нкий (tónkij)

Carpathian Rusyn: тонкый (tonkŷj)

Ukrainian: то́нкий (tónkyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: тьнъкъ (tĭnŭkŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱅⱐⱀⱏⰽⱏ (tĭnŭkŭ)

Bulgarian: тъ́нък (tǎ́nǎk)

Macedonian: тенок (tenok)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: та̏нак

Latin script: tȁnak

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: tánək, tə̀nək, tənȃk (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: tenký

Czech: tenký

desctree

Old Polish: cienki
Polish: cienki
Silesian: ciynki

Slovak: tenký

Polabian: ťånťĕ

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: cenczi

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: śańki

Upper Sorbian: ćeńki

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tinˀukas, from Proto-Indo-European *ténh₂us.


xъlmъ

xъ̃lmъ (canonical masculine)
xъ̃lmъ (nominative singular)
xъlmà (dual nominative)
xъlmì (nominative plural)
xъlmà (genitive singular)
xъlmù (dual genitive)
xъ̃lmъ (genitive plural)
xъlmù (dative singular)
xъlmòma (dative dual)
xъlmòmъ (dative plural)
xъ̃lmъ (accusative singular)
xъlmà (accusative dual)
xъlmỳ (accusative plural)
xъlmъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
xъlmòmь (instrumental singular)
xъlmòma (dual instrumental)
xъ̃lmy (instrumental plural)
xъlmě̀ (locative singular)
xъlmù (dual locative)
xъ̃lměxъ (locative plural)
xъlme (singular vocative)
xъlmà (dual vocative)
xъlmì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: хълмъ (xŭlmŭ), хълъмъ (xŭlŭmŭ)

Russian: холм (xolm), холо́м (xolóm) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: холм (xolm)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: хлъмъ (xlŭmŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱒⰾⱏⰿⱏ (xlŭmŭ)

Bulgarian: хълм (hǎlm)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ху̑м

Latin script: hȗm

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: họ́lm, họ̑lm (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: chlm, chlum

Czech: chlum

Polish: chełm, Chełm, Chełmno

Slovak: chlm

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: chółm

Upper Sorbian: chołm

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: halom

From a Germanic language; compare Proto-Germanic *hulmaz (“small island, hill, mound”). The exact donor language cannot be specified - some form of Germanic that had not undergone the a-umlaut, possibly Langobardic or Gothic.
The Germanic word further reflects Proto-Indo-European *kelH- (“lift”), whence also *čelo (“forehead”).


vьrxъ

vь̃rxъ (canonical masculine)
vь̃rxъ (nominative singular)
vьrxỳ (dual nominative)
vьrxòve (nominative plural)
vьrxù (genitive singular)
vьrxòvu (dual genitive)
vьrxòvъ (genitive plural)
vьrxòvi (dative singular)
vь̃rxъma (dative dual)
vьrxъ̀mъ (dative plural)
vь̃rxъ (accusative singular)
vьrxỳ (accusative dual)
vьrxỳ (accusative plural)
vьrxъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
vь̃rxъma (dual instrumental)
vь̃rxъmī (instrumental plural)
vь̃rxu (locative singular)
vьrxòvu (dual locative)
vьrxъ̀xъ (locative plural)
vьrxu (singular vocative)
vьrxỳ (dual vocative)
vьrxòve (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вьрхъ (vĭrxŭ)

Old Ruthenian: верхъ (verx)

Belarusian: верх (vjerx)

Ukrainian: ве́рх (vérx)

Russian: верх (verx), верёх (verjóx) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: врьхъ (vrĭxŭ)

Bulgarian: връх (vrǎh)

Macedonian: врв (vrv)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: вр̑х

Latin script: vȓh

Slovene: vȓh (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vrch

Czech: vrch

Moravian (Mistřice): vŕch

Polabian: varx

Old Polish: wierzch

Polish: wierch, wierzch

Slovak: vrch, vŕšok

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wjerch

Lower Sorbian: wjeŕch

Non-Slavic:

Romanian: vârf

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wíršus. Cognate with Lithuanian viršùs, Latvian virsus/virsa.


mělь

mě̑lь (nominative singular)
mě̑li (dual nominative)
mě̑li (nominative plural)
mělí (genitive singular)
mělьjù (dual genitive)
mělь̀jь (genitive plural)
mě̑li (dative singular)
mělьmà (dative dual)
mě̑lьmъ (dative plural)
mě̑lь (accusative singular)
mě̑li (accusative dual)
mě̑li (accusative plural)
mělьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
mělьmà (dual instrumental)
mělьmì (instrumental plural)
mělí (locative singular)
mělьjù (dual locative)
mě̑lьxъ (locative plural)
měli (singular vocative)
mě̑li (dual vocative)
mě̑li (plural vocative)
*mělъ (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мѣлъ (mělŭ)

Belarusian: мел (mjel)

Russian: мель f (melʹ), мел m (mel)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мѣлъ m (mělŭ)

Old Serbo-Croatian: мѣль f

Chakavian: mẽlj m, mél m

Slovene: mẹ̑lj m (tonal orthography), mẹ̑l f

West Slavic:

Old Czech: měl m

Czech: měl f

Old Polish: miel f, miał m

Polish: miał m, mieł m (dialectal)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: měł, měłny

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *(s)mēl-i-. Cognate with Lithuanian smė̃lis (“sand”), smėlỹs (“sand”), Latvian smēlis (“fine sand”), Old Norse melr (“sandbank”) (dialectal), Swedish smula (“chunk”) (dialectal). Related to *mělъkъ (“small, shallow”). Likely related to *melti (“to grind, mill”).