xvorъ

xvorъ (masculine nominative singular)
xvora (feminine nominative singular)
xvoro (neuter nominative singular)
xvora (genitive masculine singular)
xvory (feminine genitive singular)
xvora (genitive neuter singular)
xvoru (dative masculine singular)
xvorě (dative feminine singular)
xvoru (dative neuter singular)
xvorъ (accusative masculine singular)
xvorǫ (accusative feminine singular)
xvoro (accusative neuter singular)
xvoromь (instrumental masculine singular)
xvorojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
xvoromь (instrumental neuter singular)
xvorě (locative masculine singular)
xvorě (feminine locative singular)
xvorě (locative neuter singular)
xvore (masculine singular vocative)
xvoro (feminine singular vocative)
xvoro (neuter singular vocative)
xvora (dual masculine nominative)
xvorě (dual feminine nominative)
xvorě (dual neuter nominative)
xvoru (dual genitive masculine)
xvoru (dual feminine genitive)
xvoru (dual genitive neuter)
xvoroma (dative dual masculine)
xvorama (dative dual feminine)
xvoroma (dative dual neuter)
xvora (accusative dual masculine)
xvorě (accusative dual feminine)
xvorě (accusative dual neuter)
xvoroma (dual instrumental masculine)
xvorama (dual feminine instrumental)
xvoroma (dual instrumental neuter)
xvoru (dual locative masculine)
xvoru (dual feminine locative)
xvoru (dual locative neuter)
xvora (dual masculine vocative)
xvorě (dual feminine vocative)
xvorě (dual neuter vocative)
xvori (masculine nominative plural)
xvory (feminine nominative plural)
xvora (neuter nominative plural)
xvorъ (genitive masculine plural)
xvorъ (feminine genitive plural)
xvorъ (genitive neuter plural)
xvoromъ (dative masculine plural)
xvoramъ (dative feminine plural)
xvoromъ (dative neuter plural)
xvory (accusative masculine plural)
xvory (accusative feminine plural)
xvora (accusative neuter plural)
xvory (instrumental masculine plural)
xvorami (feminine instrumental plural)
xvory (instrumental neuter plural)
xvorěxъ (locative masculine plural)
xvoraxъ (feminine locative plural)
xvorěxъ (locative neuter plural)
xvori (masculine plural vocative)
xvory (feminine plural vocative)
xvora (neuter plural vocative)
xvorъjь (masculine nominative singular)
xvoraja (feminine nominative singular)
xvoroje (neuter nominative singular)
xvorajego (genitive masculine singular)
xvoryję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
xvorajego (genitive neuter singular)
xvorujemu (dative masculine singular)
xvorěji (dative feminine singular)
xvorujemu (dative neuter singular)
xvorъjь (accusative masculine singular)
xvorǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
xvoroje (accusative neuter singular)
xvoryjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
xvorǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
xvoryjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
xvorějemь (locative masculine singular)
xvorěji (feminine locative singular)
xvorějemь (locative neuter singular)
xvorъjь (masculine singular vocative)
xvoraja (feminine singular vocative)
xvoroje (neuter singular vocative)
xvoraja (dual masculine nominative)
xvorěji (dual feminine nominative)
xvorěji (dual neuter nominative)
xvoruju (dual genitive masculine)
xvoruju (dual feminine genitive)
xvoruju (dual genitive neuter)
xvoryjima (dative dual masculine)
xvoryjima (dative dual feminine)
xvoryjima (dative dual neuter)
xvoraja (accusative dual masculine)
xvorěji (accusative dual feminine)
xvorěji (accusative dual neuter)
xvoryjima (dual instrumental masculine)
xvoryjima (dual feminine instrumental)
xvoryjima (dual instrumental neuter)
xvoruju (dual locative masculine)
xvoruju (dual feminine locative)
xvoruju (dual locative neuter)
xvoraja (dual masculine vocative)
xvorěji (dual feminine vocative)
xvorěji (dual neuter vocative)
xvoriji (masculine nominative plural)
xvoryję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
xvoraja (neuter nominative plural)
xvorъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
xvorъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
xvorъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
xvoryjimъ (dative masculine plural)
xvoryjimъ (dative feminine plural)
xvoryjimъ (dative neuter plural)
xvoryję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
xvoryję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
xvoraja (accusative neuter plural)
xvoryjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
xvoryjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
xvoryjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
xvoryjixъ (locative masculine plural)
xvoryjixъ (feminine locative plural)
xvoryjixъ (locative neuter plural)
xvoriji (masculine plural vocative)
xvoryję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
xvoraja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *хворъ (*xvorŭ)

desc

Old Ruthenian: хворый (xvoryj), фворый (fvoryj), форый (foryj)

Belarusian: хво́ры (xvóry)

Ukrainian: хво́рий (xvóryj); хо́рий (xóryj) (dialectal)

Russian: хво́рый (xvóryj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

хворъ (xvorŭ)

Church Slavonic: хворъ (xvorŭ)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: chvorý

Czech: chorý

desctree

Old Polish: chory
Polish: chory
Silesian: chory

Old Slovak: chorý

Pannonian Rusyn: хори (xori)

Slovak: chorý

Polabian: x́örĕ

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: chòri

Slovincian: chôry

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: chóry

Upper Sorbian: khory

From Proto-Indo-European *swor-o-s, from *swer- (“to ache, fester”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬀 (xᵛara, “wound”), Old High German swero (“pain, ulcer”).


juxa

jūxà (canonical feminine)
jūxà (nominative singular)
jũśě (dual nominative)
jūxỳ (nominative plural)
jūxỳ (genitive singular)
jūxù (dual genitive)
jũxъ (genitive plural)
jūśě̀ (dative singular)
jūxàma (dative dual)
jūxàmъ (dative plural)
jūxǫ̀ (accusative singular)
jũśě (accusative dual)
jūxỳ (accusative plural)
jūxòjǫ (instrumental singular)
jũxǫ (instrumental singular)
jūxàma (dual instrumental)
jūxàmī (instrumental plural)
jūśě̀ (locative singular)
jūxù (dual locative)
jūxàsъ (locative plural)
jūxàxъ (locative plural)
juxo (singular vocative)
jũśě (dual vocative)
jūxỳ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: оуха (uxa)

Russian: уха́ (uxá)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: юха́ (juhá), юва́ (juvá, “brine”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ју́ха

Latin script: júha

Macedonian: јува (juva)

Slovene: júhа (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: júcha

Czech: jícha

Old Polish: jucha (“decoction”)

Polish: jucha (“blood of animal”)

→ Belarusian: юха́ (juxá)

→ Ukrainian: юха́ (juxá) (dialectal)

Old Slovak: jícha, jucha

Pannonian Rusyn: юха (juxa)

Slovak: jucha

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: jucha

Upper Sorbian: jucha

Non-Slavic:

→ German: Jauche

→? Yiddish: יויך (yoykh)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *jáušāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *yuHs- (“soup, broth”). Baltic cognates include Lithuanian jū́šė (“broth, soup”), Old Prussian juse (“soup”). Further cognates with Latin ius, Proto-Germanic *justaz, Sanskrit यूष (yūṣa).


jьkra

jьkrà (canonical feminine)
*jьkro (alternative)
jьkrà (nominative singular)
jь̏krě (dual nominative)
jь̏kry (nominative plural)
jьkrý (genitive singular)
jьkrù (dual genitive)
jь̀krъ (genitive plural)
jьkrě̀ (dative singular)
jьkràma (dative dual)
jьkràmъ (dative plural)
jь̏krǫ (accusative singular)
jь̏krě (accusative dual)
jь̏kry (accusative plural)
jьkrojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
jьkràma (dual instrumental)
jьkràmi (instrumental plural)
jь̏krě (locative singular)
jьkrù (dual locative)
jьkràsъ (locative plural)
jьkràxъ (locative plural)
jьkro (singular vocative)
jь̏krě (dual vocative)
jь̏kry (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: икра (ikra, “roe, caviar; ice floe”)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: икра́ (ikrá)
Belarusian: ікра́ (ikrá, “caviar, roe”)
Carpathian Rusyn: икра́ (ykrá, “caviar, roe”)
Ukrainian: ікра́ (ikrá, “caviar, roe; cow udder”)
⇒ Ukrainian: ікри́ця f (ikrýcja, “caviar, roe”) (obsolete, dialectal)
⇒ Ukrainian: гыкра́к m (hykrák, “fish with roe”) (West Polesian dialect)
⇒ Ukrainian: кри́ц’а f (krýcʺa, “hard oily clay; cast iron”) (Boyko dialect)

desc

Russian: икра́ (ikrá, “caviar, roe; fine ice floes; calf”); икро́ n (ikró) (dialectal)

⇒ Russian: икри́на f (ikrína), кри́на f (krína, “ice floe”) (dialectal)

⇒ Russian: икри́ца f (ikríca, “calf”), крица f (krica, “ice floe”) (dialectal)

⇒ Old East Slavic: кра f (kra, “ice floe, thin ice on the river”) (via contraction)

desctree

⇒ Old Ruthenian: кри́га (kríha, “ice floe”)
Belarusian: кры́га (krýha)
→ Polish: kryha
Carpathian Rusyn: кри́га (krýha, “ice”)
Ukrainian: кри́га (krýha, “ice”)
→ Slovak: kryha
→ Russian: кри́га (kríga), кры́га (krýga) (dialectal)

Russian: кра f (kra, “ice floe”) (archaic)

Old Novgorodian: ікра (ikra)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: икра (ikra)

Glagolitic script: ⰻⰽⱃⰰ (ikra)

Macedonian: икра (ikra)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: и̏кра

Latin script: ȉkra

desc

⇒ Cyrillic script: и̏крица (“one egg (roe)”) (diminutive)

⇒ Latin script: ȉkrica (“one egg (roe)”) (diminutive)

Slovene: íkra (“roe; scales”)

⇒ Slovene: íkrica (“spangle”) (diminutive)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kra (“lump, clod”)

Czech: jikra; ikra (“roe”), ikro n (“calf”), jikro n (dialectal); kra (“ice floe”)

Kashubian: jikro; kro

Polabian: jåkră

Old Polish: ikro n

Polish: ikra f; ikro n, kro n; kra f (“ice floe”); ’ikrᵘ̯o (“roe; calf”) (dialectal)

⇒ Polish: krzyca f (“rye variety”)

Slovak: ikra; ikro (“calf”) (dialectal)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: jark m

Upper Sorbian: jikra f, jerk m

→ Hungarian: ikra

→ Romanian: icre

→ Japanese: イクラ

Meaning of roe is inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ikrā́ˀ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *Hyékʷr̥, from *Hyekʷ-. Cognates include Latvian ikri, Lithuanian i̇̀kras.


jьstъ

jìstъ (canonical)
jistъ (masculine nominative singular)
jista (feminine nominative singular)
jisto (neuter nominative singular)
jista (genitive masculine singular)
jisty (feminine genitive singular)
jista (genitive neuter singular)
jistu (dative masculine singular)
jistě (dative feminine singular)
jistu (dative neuter singular)
jistъ (accusative masculine singular)
jistǫ (accusative feminine singular)
jisto (accusative neuter singular)
jistomь (instrumental masculine singular)
jistojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
jistomь (instrumental neuter singular)
jistě (locative masculine singular)
jistě (feminine locative singular)
jistě (locative neuter singular)
jiste (masculine singular vocative)
jisto (feminine singular vocative)
jisto (neuter singular vocative)
jista (dual masculine nominative)
jistě (dual feminine nominative)
jistě (dual neuter nominative)
jistu (dual genitive masculine)
jistu (dual feminine genitive)
jistu (dual genitive neuter)
jistoma (dative dual masculine)
jistama (dative dual feminine)
jistoma (dative dual neuter)
jista (accusative dual masculine)
jistě (accusative dual feminine)
jistě (accusative dual neuter)
jistoma (dual instrumental masculine)
jistama (dual feminine instrumental)
jistoma (dual instrumental neuter)
jistu (dual locative masculine)
jistu (dual feminine locative)
jistu (dual locative neuter)
jista (dual masculine vocative)
jistě (dual feminine vocative)
jistě (dual neuter vocative)
jisti (masculine nominative plural)
jisty (feminine nominative plural)
jista (neuter nominative plural)
jistъ (genitive masculine plural)
jistъ (feminine genitive plural)
jistъ (genitive neuter plural)
jistomъ (dative masculine plural)
jistamъ (dative feminine plural)
jistomъ (dative neuter plural)
jisty (accusative masculine plural)
jisty (accusative feminine plural)
jista (accusative neuter plural)
jisty (instrumental masculine plural)
jistami (feminine instrumental plural)
jisty (instrumental neuter plural)
jistěxъ (locative masculine plural)
jistaxъ (feminine locative plural)
jistěxъ (locative neuter plural)
jisti (masculine plural vocative)
jisty (feminine plural vocative)
jista (neuter plural vocative)
jistъjь (masculine nominative singular)
jistaja (feminine nominative singular)
jistoje (neuter nominative singular)
jistajego (genitive masculine singular)
jistyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
jistajego (genitive neuter singular)
jistujemu (dative masculine singular)
jistěji (dative feminine singular)
jistujemu (dative neuter singular)
jistъjь (accusative masculine singular)
jistǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
jistoje (accusative neuter singular)
jistyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
jistǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
jistyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
jistějemь (locative masculine singular)
jistěji (feminine locative singular)
jistějemь (locative neuter singular)
jistъjь (masculine singular vocative)
jistaja (feminine singular vocative)
jistoje (neuter singular vocative)
jistaja (dual masculine nominative)
jistěji (dual feminine nominative)
jistěji (dual neuter nominative)
jistuju (dual genitive masculine)
jistuju (dual feminine genitive)
jistuju (dual genitive neuter)
jistyjima (dative dual masculine)
jistyjima (dative dual feminine)
jistyjima (dative dual neuter)
jistaja (accusative dual masculine)
jistěji (accusative dual feminine)
jistěji (accusative dual neuter)
jistyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
jistyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
jistyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
jistuju (dual locative masculine)
jistuju (dual feminine locative)
jistuju (dual locative neuter)
jistaja (dual masculine vocative)
jistěji (dual feminine vocative)
jistěji (dual neuter vocative)
jistiji (masculine nominative plural)
jistyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
jistaja (neuter nominative plural)
jistъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
jistъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
jistъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
jistyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
jistyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
jistyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
jistyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
jistyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
jistaja (accusative neuter plural)
jistyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
jistyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
jistyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
jistyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
jistyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
jistyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
jistiji (masculine plural vocative)
jistyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
jistaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: истъ (istŭ)

Old Ruthenian: истый (istyj)

Ukrainian: істи́й (istýj)

Russian: и́стый (ístyj, “true, real”) (rare)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: истъ (istŭ, “true, real”)

Bulgarian: ист (ist), и́сти (ísti, “the same”) (obsolete)

⇒ Bulgarian: и́стински (ístinski, “true, real”)

Macedonian: ист (ist, “the same”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: и̏стӣ (“the same”)

Latin script: ȉstī (“the same”)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: ȋsti (“the same”) (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jistý

Czech: jistý (“certain”)

desctree

Old Polish: isty, ist (short form)
Polish: isty
Silesian: isty

Old Slovak: istý

Pannonian Rusyn: исти (isti)

Slovak: istý

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: jisty, wěsty

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ī́ˀstas, cognate with Latvian ĩsts (“true”) (whence also ĩstens, ĩstans), as well as Latin Istaevōnēs (name of an ancient Germanic tribe). Further origin uncertain:
* Vasmer relates Latvian īksts, Lithuanian áiškus (“clear”) (also attested as ýškus, éiškus, ýskus, i̇̀ščias), Old Armenian իսկ (isk, “in reality”), which are in turn related to Proto-Slavic *ěsnъ (“clear”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ey- (“to prompt, to gauge”) whence (amongst others) Ancient Greek αἰτῐ́ᾱ (aitĭ́ā, “cause, reason”).
* Stang proposes a connection to Sanskrit ईशे (ī́śe, “I am in possession”), ईशान m (īśāná, “lord, wealthy”), Proto-Germanic *aiganaz (“own”) (Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐌲𐌹𐌽 n (aigin, “property”), 𐌰𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽 (aigan, “to own, to have”), Old High German eigan (“own”), English own). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyḱ- (“to possess”).
* Toporov, Trubačev consider primary meaning "same", perhaps cognate with Latin iste (“that (of yours)”), from Proto-Indo-European *ís (referential particle) + *tó (“the, that”)
* Meillet, Snoj suggest derivation from pre-Slavic *ēisth₂os < *h₁ēi (augment, loc. case) + *-stъ.


jьstъba

jьstъbà (canonical feminine)
jьstъbà (nominative singular)
jь̏stъbě (dual nominative)
jь̏stъby (nominative plural)
jьstъbý (genitive singular)
jьstъbù (dual genitive)
jьstъ̀bъ (genitive plural)
jьstъbě̀ (dative singular)
jьstъbàma (dative dual)
jьstъbàmъ (dative plural)
jь̏stъbǫ (accusative singular)
jь̏stъbě (accusative dual)
jь̏stъby (accusative plural)
jьstъbojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
jьstъbàma (dual instrumental)
jьstъbàmi (instrumental plural)
jь̏stъbě (locative singular)
jьstъbù (dual locative)
jьstъbàsъ (locative plural)
jьstъbàxъ (locative plural)
jьstъbo (singular vocative)
jь̏stъbě (dual vocative)
jь̏stъby (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: истъба (istŭba), изъба (izŭba)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: изба́ (izbá), ызба́ (yzbá), изтба́ (iztbá)
Belarusian: ізба́ (izbá)
Ukrainian: ізба́ (izbá) (obsolete)

Russian: изба́ (izbá)

Old Novgorodian: ӥꙁъба (izŭba)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: истъба (istŭba)

Glagolitic script: ⰺⱄⱅⱏⰱⰰ (istŭba)

Bulgarian: и́зба (ízba)

Macedonian: визба (vizba)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ѝзба

Latin script: ìzba

Slovene: ȋzba (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jistba

Czech: jizba (dated)

desc

Kashubian: jizba, jisteba, jizdeba, jistëba

Polabian: jåzbă

desctree

Old Polish: izba, histba, istba, izdba
Polish: izba, izdba (Central Greater Poland, Western Greater Poland), istba, zdba, źba (Western Greater Poland)

Slovak: izba

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: jśpa, śpa

Upper Sorbian: stwa

Non-Slavic:

→ Aromanian: izbã

Uncertain. Possibly borrowed from Proto-West Germanic *stubu, *stubō (“stove, heated room”).


jьva

jь̀va (canonical feminine)
jь̀va (nominative singular)
jь̀vě (dual nominative)
jь̀vy (nominative plural)
jь̀vy (genitive singular)
jь̀vu (dual genitive)
jь̀vъ (genitive plural)
jь̀vě (dative singular)
jь̀vama (dative dual)
jь̀vamъ (dative plural)
jь̀vǫ (accusative singular)
jь̀vě (accusative dual)
jь̀vy (accusative plural)
jь̀vojǫ (instrumental singular)
jь̀vǭ (instrumental singular)
jь̀vama (dual instrumental)
jь̀vamī (instrumental plural)
jь̀vě (locative singular)
jь̀vu (dual locative)
jь̀vasъ (locative plural)
jь̀vaxъ (locative plural)
jь̀vo (singular vocative)
jь̀vě (dual vocative)
jь̀vy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ива (iva)

Old Ruthenian: и́ва (íva)
Carpathian Rusyn: и́ва (ýva)
Ukrainian: и́ва (ýva), ги́ва (hýva), і́ва (íva), ї́ва (jíva), єва (jeva) (dialectal)

Russian: и́ва (íva)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: ива (iva)

Glagolitic script: ⰺⰲⰰ (iva)

Bulgarian: и́ва (íva); ива́ (ivá) (dialectal)

Macedonian: ива (iva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: и́ва

Latin script: íva

Slovene: íva, íba

West Slavic:

Czech: jíva

Bohemian (Chod dialect): híva

Moravian (Mistřice): íva

Polabian: jeivo

Old Polish: iwa

Polish: iwa

Slovak: iva

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: jiwa

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *éiˀwāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyHw-. Cognates include Latvian iẽva (“hagberry”), Lithuanian ievà (“hagberry”), dial. Lithuanian i̇́eva, and Proto-Germanic *īhwaz.


jьvьlga

jьvьlga (nominative singular)
jьvьldzě (dual nominative)
jьvьlgy (nominative plural)
jьvьlgy (genitive singular)
jьvьlgu (dual genitive)
jьvьlgъ (genitive plural)
jьvьldzě (dative singular)
jьvьlgama (dative dual)
jьvьlgamъ (dative plural)
jьvьlgǫ (accusative singular)
jьvьldzě (accusative dual)
jьvьlgy (accusative plural)
jьvьlgojǫ (instrumental singular)
jьvьlgǫ (instrumental singular)
jьvьlgama (dual instrumental)
jьvьlgami (instrumental plural)
jьvьldzě (locative singular)
jьvьlgu (dual locative)
jьvьlgasъ (locative plural)
jьvьlgaxъ (locative plural)
jьvьlgo (singular vocative)
jьvьldzě (dual vocative)
jьvьlgy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: і́валга (ívalha)

Russian: и́волга (ívolga)

Ukrainian: і́волга (ívolha)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: влъга (vlŭga)

Bulgarian: авлига (avliga)

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: vȕga

Cyrillic script: ву̏га

Slovene: vółga

West Slavic:

Czech: vlha

Polish: wilga

Cognates include Latvian vāluôdzе (“oriole”), Lithuanian volungė̃ (“oriole”).


jьzkrьňь

jьzkrьňь (masculine nominative singular)
jьzkrьňa (feminine nominative singular)
jьzkrьňe (neuter nominative singular)
jьzkrьňa (genitive masculine singular)
jьzkrьňę̇ (feminine genitive singular)
jьzkrьňa (genitive neuter singular)
jьzkrьňu (dative masculine singular)
jьzkrьňi (dative feminine singular)
jьzkrьňu (dative neuter singular)
jьzkrьňь (accusative masculine singular)
jьzkrьňǫ (accusative feminine singular)
jьzkrьňe (accusative neuter singular)
jьzkrьňemь (instrumental masculine singular)
jьzkrьňejǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
jьzkrьňemь (instrumental neuter singular)
jьzkrьňi (locative masculine singular)
jьzkrьňi (feminine locative singular)
jьzkrьňi (locative neuter singular)
jьzkrьňu (masculine singular vocative)
jьzkrьňe (feminine singular vocative)
jьzkrьňe (neuter singular vocative)
jьzkrьňa (dual masculine nominative)
jьzkrьňi (dual feminine nominative)
jьzkrьňi (dual neuter nominative)
jьzkrьňu (dual genitive masculine)
jьzkrьňu (dual feminine genitive)
jьzkrьňu (dual genitive neuter)
jьzkrьňema (dative dual masculine)
jьzkrьňama (dative dual feminine)
jьzkrьňema (dative dual neuter)
jьzkrьňa (accusative dual masculine)
jьzkrьňi (accusative dual feminine)
jьzkrьňi (accusative dual neuter)
jьzkrьňema (dual instrumental masculine)
jьzkrьňama (dual feminine instrumental)
jьzkrьňema (dual instrumental neuter)
jьzkrьňu (dual locative masculine)
jьzkrьňu (dual feminine locative)
jьzkrьňu (dual locative neuter)
jьzkrьňa (dual masculine vocative)
jьzkrьňi (dual feminine vocative)
jьzkrьňi (dual neuter vocative)
jьzkrьňi (masculine nominative plural)
jьzkrьňę̇ (feminine nominative plural)
jьzkrьňa (neuter nominative plural)
jьzkrьňь (genitive masculine plural)
jьzkrьňь (feminine genitive plural)
jьzkrьňь (genitive neuter plural)
jьzkrьňemъ (dative masculine plural)
jьzkrьňamъ (dative feminine plural)
jьzkrьňemъ (dative neuter plural)
jьzkrьňę̇ (accusative masculine plural)
jьzkrьňę̇ (accusative feminine plural)
jьzkrьňa (accusative neuter plural)
jьzkrьňi (instrumental masculine plural)
jьzkrьňami (feminine instrumental plural)
jьzkrьňi (instrumental neuter plural)
jьzkrьňixъ (locative masculine plural)
jьzkrьňaxъ (feminine locative plural)
jьzkrьňixъ (locative neuter plural)
jьzkrьňi (masculine plural vocative)
jьzkrьňę̇ (feminine plural vocative)
jьzkrьňa (neuter plural vocative)
jьzkrьňьjь (masculine nominative singular)
jьzkrьňaja (feminine nominative singular)
jьzkrьňeje (neuter nominative singular)
jьzkrьňajego (genitive masculine singular)
jьzkrьňę̇ję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
jьzkrьňajego (genitive neuter singular)
jьzkrьňujemu (dative masculine singular)
jьzkrьňiji (dative feminine singular)
jьzkrьňujemu (dative neuter singular)
jьzkrьňьjь (accusative masculine singular)
jьzkrьňǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
jьzkrьňeje (accusative neuter singular)
jьzkrьňijimь (instrumental masculine singular)
jьzkrьňǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
jьzkrьňijimь (instrumental neuter singular)
jьzkrьňijemь (locative masculine singular)
jьzkrьňiji (feminine locative singular)
jьzkrьňijemь (locative neuter singular)
jьzkrьňьjь (masculine singular vocative)
jьzkrьňaja (feminine singular vocative)
jьzkrьňeje (neuter singular vocative)
jьzkrьňaja (dual masculine nominative)
jьzkrьňiji (dual feminine nominative)
jьzkrьňiji (dual neuter nominative)
jьzkrьňuju (dual genitive masculine)
jьzkrьňuju (dual feminine genitive)
jьzkrьňuju (dual genitive neuter)
jьzkrьňijima (dative dual masculine)
jьzkrьňijima (dative dual feminine)
jьzkrьňijima (dative dual neuter)
jьzkrьňaja (accusative dual masculine)
jьzkrьňiji (accusative dual feminine)
jьzkrьňiji (accusative dual neuter)
jьzkrьňijima (dual instrumental masculine)
jьzkrьňijima (dual feminine instrumental)
jьzkrьňijima (dual instrumental neuter)
jьzkrьňuju (dual locative masculine)
jьzkrьňuju (dual feminine locative)
jьzkrьňuju (dual locative neuter)
jьzkrьňaja (dual masculine vocative)
jьzkrьňiji (dual feminine vocative)
jьzkrьňiji (dual neuter vocative)
jьzkrьňiji (masculine nominative plural)
jьzkrьňę̇ję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
jьzkrьňaja (neuter nominative plural)
jьzkrьňьjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
jьzkrьňьjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
jьzkrьňьjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
jьzkrьňijimъ (dative masculine plural)
jьzkrьňijimъ (dative feminine plural)
jьzkrьňijimъ (dative neuter plural)
jьzkrьňę̇ję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
jьzkrьňę̇ję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
jьzkrьňaja (accusative neuter plural)
jьzkrьňijimi (instrumental masculine plural)
jьzkrьňijimi (feminine instrumental plural)
jьzkrьňijimi (instrumental neuter plural)
jьzkrьňijixъ (locative masculine plural)
jьzkrьňijixъ (feminine locative plural)
jьzkrьňijixъ (locative neuter plural)
jьzkrьňiji (masculine plural vocative)
jьzkrьňę̇ję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
jьzkrьňaja (neuter plural vocative)
*jьzkrьnъ (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: искрьнь (iskrĭnĭ)

desc

Old Ruthenian: искренїй (iskrenij), искрнїй (iskrnij), искреный (iskrenyj), искрный (iskrnyj)

⇒ Old East Slavic: искрьньнь (iskrĭnĭnĭ)

Russian: и́скренний (ískrennij)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⰻⱄⰽⱃⱐⱀⱐ (iskrĭnĭ)

Old Cyrillic script: искрьн҄ь (iskrĭnʹĭ)

⇒ Glagolitic script: ⰻⱄⰽⱃⱐⱀⱐⱀⱏ (iskrĭnĭnŭ)

⇒ Old Cyrillic script: искрьн҄ьнъ (iskrĭnʹĭnŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: и̏скрњи̑, и̏скрен, и̏скрн

Latin script: ȉskrnjȋ, ȉskren, ȉskrn

Slovene: ískrnji (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Polish: skierny (dialectal)


klětь

klě̑tь (canonical feminine)
klě̑tь (nominative singular)
klě̑ti (dual nominative)
klě̑ti (nominative plural)
klětí (genitive singular)
klětьjù (dual genitive)
klětь̀jь (genitive plural)
klě̑ti (dative singular)
klětьmà (dative dual)
klě̑tьmъ (dative plural)
klě̑tь (accusative singular)
klě̑ti (accusative dual)
klě̑ti (accusative plural)
klětьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
klětьmà (dual instrumental)
klětьmì (instrumental plural)
klětí (locative singular)
klětьjù (dual locative)
klě̑tьxъ (locative plural)
klěti (singular vocative)
klě̑ti (dual vocative)
klě̑ti (plural vocative)
*klětъ (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: клѣть (klětĭ)

Belarusian: клець (kljecʹ)

Russian: клеть (kletʹ)

Ukrainian: кліть (klitʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: клѣть (klětĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰽⰾⱑⱅⱐ (klětĭ)

Bulgarian: клет (klet)

Macedonian: клет (klet), клед (kled)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кли̏јет, Cyrillic script: крлетка

Latin script: klȉjet, Latin script: krletka

Slovene: klẹ̑t (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: klec, Czech: kleť

Polish: kleć

→? German: Klitsche

Non-Slavic:

→ Medieval Latin: clēda

→ Middle High German: glēt, klēt m

Yiddish: קלייט f (kleyt)

Baltic and East Prussian German: Klete, Kleete f

→ Middle Low German: klêt, kleit m

Akin to Latvian klẽts (“barn”), Lithuanian klė́tis (“barn”), Old Prussian clenan. Either:
* From an earlier *klḗˀtis, cognate with the Baltic terms; perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *kelH- (“to rise”). In this case, one would expect fixed accent (AP A).
* From an earlier *klaitís, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱley- (“to cover”), with Baltic words borrowed from Slavic. Further akin to Proto-Indo-European *ḱléytreh₂ (“shelter”), Lithuanian klai̇̃mas (“sty”), Proto-Slavic *xlěvъ (“pen, fold”) (Germanic loanword). Disputed by Vasmer and Derksen.

the commonality in all the descendants, including some derived terms (closet, hut, cabin, cage, granary, cellar, barn), is that of a 'closed space'


klěšča

klěšča (nominative singular)
klěšči (dual nominative)
klěščę̇ (nominative plural)
klěščę̇ (genitive singular)
klěšču (dual genitive)
klěščь (genitive plural)
klěšči (dative singular)
klěščama (dative dual)
klěščamъ (dative plural)
klěščǫ (accusative singular)
klěšči (accusative dual)
klěščę̇ (accusative plural)
klěščejǫ (instrumental singular)
klěščǫ (instrumental singular)
klěščama (dual instrumental)
klěščami (instrumental plural)
klěšči (locative singular)
klěšču (dual locative)
klěščasъ (locative plural)
klěščaxъ (locative plural)
klěšče (singular vocative)
klěšči (dual vocative)
klěščę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: клеща (klešča)

Belarusian: клешчы pl (klješčy)

Russian: кле́щи pl (kléšči)

Ukrainian: кліщі́ pl (kliščí)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: клещи pl (klešti)

Macedonian: клешти pl (klešti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: клије́шта n pl, кле́шта n pl

Latin script: klijéšta n pl, kléšta n pl

Slovene: kléšče pl

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kléščě f pl

Czech: kleště f pl

Polabian: klestă pl

Polish: kleszcze pl

Slovak: kliešte pl

Slovincian: klészczê pl

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: klěšće pl

Upper Sorbian: klěšće pl

→ Aromanian: cleashti

→ Romanian: clește

From Proto-Indo-European *k(ʷ)loyḱ-t-yeh₂, from *k(ʷ)leyḱ-. Cognates include Lithuanian kli̇̀šė (“crab's pincer”).


želǫdъkъ

želǫdъkъ (nominative singular)
želǫdъka (dual nominative)
želǫdъci (nominative plural)
želǫdъka (genitive singular)
želǫdъku (dual genitive)
želǫdъkъ (genitive plural)
želǫdъku (dative singular)
želǫdъkoma (dative dual)
želǫdъkomъ (dative plural)
želǫdъkъ (accusative singular)
želǫdъka (accusative dual)
želǫdъky (accusative plural)
želǫdъkъmь (instrumental singular)
želǫdъkomь (instrumental singular)
želǫdъkoma (dual instrumental)
želǫdъky (instrumental plural)
želǫdъcě (locative singular)
želǫdъku (dual locative)
želǫdъcěxъ (locative plural)
želǫdъče (singular vocative)
želǫdъka (dual vocative)
želǫdъci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: жалу́дак (žalúdak) (dialectal)

Russian: желу́док (želúdok)

Carpathian Rusyn: жалу́док (žalúdok)

Ukrainian: желу́док (želúdok) (dialectal), жолу́док (žolúdok) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: желѫдъкъ (želǫdŭkŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰶⰵⰾⱘⰴⱏⰽⱏ (želǫdŭkŭ)

Bulgarian: желъ́дък (želǎ́dǎk) (rare)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: želudek

Czech: žaludek

Old Polish: żołądek

Polish: żołądek

Silesian: żołōndek, żołůndek (Steuer's Silesian Alphabet)

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: żôłądk

Slovak: žalúdok

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: žołdk

Lower Sorbian: žołdk

From *želǫdьcь

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жѐлудац

Latin script: žèludac

Slovene: želọ̑dəc (tonal orthography)

From *želǫdьnikъ

Macedonian: желудник (želudnik)

According to Deborah Hayden and David Stifter, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰelH-end- from *gʰelH- (“digestive organ, stomach”), related to Ancient Greek χολάδες (kholádes, “intestines”), Ancient Macedonian γόλα (góla, “intestines”), Old Irish eclas (“stomach, gizzard”), Breton elaz (“gizzard”).


zъly

zъly (nominative singular)
zъlъvi (dual nominative)
zъlъvi (nominative plural)
zъlъve (genitive singular)
zъlъvu (dual genitive)
zъlъvъ (genitive plural)
zъlъvi (dative singular)
zъlъvьma (dative dual)
zъlъvama (dative dual)
zъlъvьmъ (dative plural)
zъlъvamъ (dative plural)
zъlъvь (accusative singular)
zъlъvi (accusative dual)
zъlъvi (accusative plural)
zъlъvьjǫ (instrumental singular)
zъlъvľǫ (instrumental singular)
zъlъvьma (dual instrumental)
zъlъvama (dual instrumental)
zъlъvьmi (instrumental plural)
zъlъvami (instrumental plural)
zъlъve (locative singular)
zъlъvu (dual locative)
zъlъvьxъ (locative plural)
zъlъvaxъ (locative plural)
zъly (singular vocative)
zъlъvi (dual vocative)
zъlъvi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

⇒ Old East Slavic: золовка (zolovka)

Belarusian: зало́ўка (zalóŭka)

Russian: золо́вка (zolóvka)

⇒ Old East Slavic:

Belarusian: залвіца (zalvica)

Ukrainian: зови́ця (zovýcja)

Russian: зо́лва (zólva) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: зъ́лва (zǎ́lva)

Macedonian: золва (zolva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: за̏ова

Latin script: zȁova

Slovene: zȏlva, zȃłva

⇒ Slovene: zȃlvica

West Slavic:

Old Czech: zelva

⇒ Czech: zelva, zolvica

Old Polish: zełw

⇒ Polish: zołwica, załwica (dialectal)

⇒ Slovak: zolvica


šurь

East Slavic:

Russian: шу́рин (šúrin)

Ukrainian: шу́рин (šúryn)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: шу́рей (šúrej), шу́рек (šúrek)

Macedonian: шура (šura)

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: šȕrjāk, šurak

Cyrillic script: шу̀рја̄к, шу̀ра̑к

Slovene: šurják

West Slavic:

Old Polish: szurzy

Old Czech: šiří


trǫdъ

trǫdъ (nominative singular)
trǫda (dual nominative)
trǫdi (nominative plural)
trǫda (genitive singular)
trǫdu (dual genitive)
trǫdъ (genitive plural)
trǫdu (dative singular)
trǫdoma (dative dual)
trǫdomъ (dative plural)
trǫdъ (accusative singular)
trǫda (accusative dual)
trǫdy (accusative plural)
trǫdъmь (instrumental singular)
trǫdomь (instrumental singular)
trǫdoma (dual instrumental)
trǫdy (instrumental plural)
trǫdě (locative singular)
trǫdu (dual locative)
trǫděxъ (locative plural)
trǫde (singular vocative)
trǫda (dual vocative)
trǫdi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: трут (trut)

Russian: трут (trut)

Ukrainian: трут (trut)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: трѫдъ (trǫdŭ)

Bulgarian: трът (trǎt)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тру̑д

Latin script: trȗd

Slovene: trọ̑d

West Slavic:

Old Czech: trúd

Czech: troud

Old Polish: trąd

Polish: trąd

Slovak: troud


trǫtъ

trǫtъ (nominative singular)
trǫta (dual nominative)
trǫti (nominative plural)
trǫta (genitive singular)
trǫtu (dual genitive)
trǫtъ (genitive plural)
trǫtu (dative singular)
trǫtoma (dative dual)
trǫtomъ (dative plural)
trǫtъ (accusative singular)
trǫta (accusative dual)
trǫty (accusative plural)
trǫtъmь (instrumental singular)
trǫtomь (instrumental singular)
trǫtoma (dual instrumental)
trǫty (instrumental plural)
trǫtě (locative singular)
trǫtu (dual locative)
trǫtěxъ (locative plural)
trǫte (singular vocative)
trǫta (dual vocative)
trǫti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

⇒ Belarusian: тру́цень (trúcjenʹ)

⇒ Russian: тру́тень (trútenʹ)

⇒ Ukrainian: тру́тень (trútenʹ)

South Slavic:

⇒ Bulgarian: търтей (tǎrtej)

⇒ Macedonian: трут (trut)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тру̑т

Latin script: trȗt

Slovene: trọ̑t

West Slavic:

Old Czech: trúp

Czech: troup (“fool”)

⇒ Czech: trubec (“drone”)

Old Polish: trąd

Polish: trąd

⇒ Polish: trucień; truteń

Silesian: trōnt

Slovak: trúd

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: tšut

Upper Sorbian: truta

Per Vasmer and Pokorny, perhaps ultimately from imitative Proto-Indo-European *dʰrēu- (“to drone”). Cognates include Lithuanian trãnas (“drone”), Latvian trans (“drone”).

onomatopoeic

imitative


trupъ

trȗpъ (canonical masculine)
trȗpъ (nominative singular)
trȗpa (dual nominative)
trȗpi (nominative plural)
trȗpa (genitive singular)
trupù (dual genitive)
trũpъ (genitive plural)
trȗpu (dative singular)
trupomà (dative dual)
trupòmъ (dative plural)
trȗpъ (accusative singular)
trȗpa (accusative dual)
trȗpy (accusative plural)
trȗpъmь (instrumental singular)
trȗpomь (instrumental singular)
trupomà (dual instrumental)
trupý (instrumental plural)
trȗpě (locative singular)
trupù (dual locative)
trupě̃xъ (locative plural)
trupe (singular vocative)
trȗpa (dual vocative)
trȗpi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: трупъ (trupŭ)

Old Ruthenian: трупъ (trup)

Belarusian: труп (trup)

Ukrainian: труп (trup)

Middle Russian: трупъ (trup)

Russian: труп (trup)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: троупъ (trupŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱅⱃⱆⱂⱏ (trupŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тру̑п

Latin script: trȗp

Slovene: trȗp

→ Slovak: trup

→ Czech: trup

West Slavic:

Old Czech: trúp

Kashubian: trup

Old Polish: trup

Polish: trup

Silesian: trup

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: trup

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: trup

→ Megleno-Romanian: trup

→ Romanian: trup

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *traupás. Cognate with Lithuanian traupùs (“fragile, brittle”).


tvarь

tvȃrь (canonical feminine)
tvȃrь (nominative singular)
tvȃri (dual nominative)
tvȃri (nominative plural)
tvarí (genitive singular)
tvarьjù (dual genitive)
tvarь̀jь (genitive plural)
tvȃri (dative singular)
tvarьmà (dative dual)
tvȃrьmъ (dative plural)
tvȃrь (accusative singular)
tvȃri (accusative dual)
tvȃri (accusative plural)
tvarьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
tvarьmà (dual instrumental)
tvarьmì (instrumental plural)
tvarí (locative singular)
tvarьjù (dual locative)
tvȃrьxъ (locative plural)
tvari (singular vocative)
tvȃri (dual vocative)
tvȃri (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: тварь (tvarĭ)

Belarusian: твар (tvar, “face”)

Russian: тварь (tvarʹ)

Ukrainian: твар (tvar, “face (also)”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: тварь (tvarĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱅⰲⰰⱃⱐ (tvarĭ)

Bulgarian: твар (tvar) (literary)

Macedonian: твар (tvar) (dated)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тва̑р

Latin script: tvȃr

West Slavic:

Kashubian: twôrz

Old Czech: tvář
Czech: tvář

desctree

Old Polish: twarz
Polish: twarz
Silesian: twŏrz

Slovak: tvár (“face”)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: twaŕ

Upper Sorbian: twar

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *twōrˀ-, from Proto-Indo-European *twōrH-, equivalent to *tvoriti + *-ь. Cognate with Lithuanian tvorà (“fence”).


brьvьno

brьvьnò (canonical neuter)
brьvьnò (nominative singular)
brьvь̀ně (dual nominative)
brьvьnà (nominative plural)
brьvьnà (genitive singular)
brьvьnù (dual genitive)
brьvь̀nъ (genitive plural)
brьvьnù (dative singular)
brьvьnòma (dative dual)
brьvьnòmъ (dative plural)
brьvьnò (accusative singular)
brьvь̀ně (accusative dual)
brьvьnà (accusative plural)
brьvьnъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
brьvьnòmь (instrumental singular)
brьvьnòma (dual instrumental)
brьvь̀ny (instrumental plural)
brьvьně̀ (locative singular)
brьvьnù (dual locative)
brьvь̀něxъ (locative plural)
brьvьnò (singular vocative)
brьvь̀ně (dual vocative)
brьvьnà (plural vocative)
*brьvьnъ (alternative)
*brьvьna (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: бьрьвьно (bĭrĭvĭno)

Belarusian: бервяно́ (bjervjanó)

Russian: бревно́ (brevnó)

desc

Ukrainian: бервено́ (bervenó) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: брьвьно (brĭvĭno)

Bulgarian: бръвно (brǎvno) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бр́вно

Latin script: brvno

Slovene: bȓvno

West Slavic:

Old Czech: břevno

Czech: břevno

Old Polish: biermo, birwno, birzmno, birzmo, birzwno

Old Slovak: brvno

Slovak: brvno

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: bârnă

*bry + *-ьno with distant assimilation: *ъ-ь > *ь-ь; originally an adjective. Compare Icelandic brú and brún.


bъrtь

*bъrtъ (alternative)
bъrtь (nominative singular)
bъrti (dual nominative)
bъrti (nominative plural)
bъrti (genitive singular)
bъrtьju (dual genitive)
bъrťu (dual genitive)
bъrtьjь (genitive plural)
bъrti (genitive plural)
bъrti (dative singular)
bъrtьma (dative dual)
bъrtьmъ (dative plural)
bъrtь (accusative singular)
bъrti (accusative dual)
bъrti (accusative plural)
bъrtьjǫ (instrumental singular)
bъrťǫ (instrumental singular)
bъrtьma (dual instrumental)
bъrtьmi (instrumental plural)
bъrti (locative singular)
bъrtьju (dual locative)
bъrťu (dual locative)
bъrtьxъ (locative plural)
bъrti (singular vocative)
bъrti (dual vocative)
bъrti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: бърть (bŭrtĭ), борть (bortĭ)

Belarusian: борть (bortʹ)

Russian: борть (bortʹ)

Ukrainian: борть (bortʹ)

South Slavic:

Slovene: brt (possibly via Czech)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: brt f

Czech: brť

Kashubian: barc

Old Polish: barć
Polish: barć

Slovak: brt

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *búrˀtis, *búrˀtas, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“to bore, to drill”) + *-tь. Cognate with Latvian burts (“letter, mark”), Lithuanian bùrtas (“lot”), bùrtis (“sign”). Further related to Latin forāmen (“opening”).


cěliti

cělìti (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
cěľenьje (noun-from-verb)
cěliti (infinitive)
cělitъ (supine)
cělilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
cěľenъ (participle passive past)
cělimъ (participle passive present)
cěľь (active participle past)
cělę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
cělixъ (aorist first-person singular)
cěli (aorist second-person singular)
cěli (aorist singular third-person)
cěľǫ (first-person present singular)
cěliši (present second-person singular)
cělitь (present singular third-person)
cělixově (aorist dual first-person)
cělista (aorist dual second-person)
cěliste (aorist dual third-person)
cělivě (dual first-person present)
cělita (dual present second-person)
cělite (dual present third-person)
cělixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
cěliste (aorist plural second-person)
cělišę (aorist plural third-person)
cělimъ (first-person plural present)
cělite (plural present second-person)
cělętь (plural present third-person)
cěľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
cěľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
cěľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
cěli (imperative second-person singular)
cěli (imperative singular third-person)
cěľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
cěľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
cěľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
cělivě (dual first-person imperative)
cělita (dual imperative second-person)
cěľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
cěľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
cěľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
cělimъ (first-person imperative plural)
cělite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: цѣлити (cěliti)

Belarusian: целі́ць (cjelícʹ)

Russian: цели́ть (celítʹ)

Ukrainian: ціли́ти (cilýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: цѣлити (cěliti)

Bulgarian: целя́ (celjá)

⇒ Macedonian: и́сцели (ísceli)

Serbo-Croatian:

desc

Cyrillic script: це́лити, ције́лити

Cyrillic script: це́лити, ције́лити

Latin script: céliti, cijéliti

Slovene: cẹ́liti

West Slavic:

Czech: celit (archaic)

Old Polish: celić

Polish: calić (obsolete)

⇒ Polish: ocalić (“to save”)

Slovak: celiť

From *cělъ + *-iti. Compare Proto-Germanic *hailijaną (< *hailaz).


dělitьba

dělitьba (nominative singular)
dělitьbě (dual nominative)
dělitьby (nominative plural)
dělitьby (genitive singular)
dělitьbu (dual genitive)
dělitьbъ (genitive plural)
dělitьbě (dative singular)
dělitьbama (dative dual)
dělitьbamъ (dative plural)
dělitьbǫ (accusative singular)
dělitьbě (accusative dual)
dělitьby (accusative plural)
dělitьbojǫ (instrumental singular)
dělitьbǫ (instrumental singular)
dělitьbama (dual instrumental)
dělitьbami (instrumental plural)
dělitьbě (locative singular)
dělitьbu (dual locative)
dělitьbasъ (locative plural)
dělitьbaxъ (locative plural)
dělitьbo (singular vocative)
dělitьbě (dual vocative)
dělitьby (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: дели́тьба (delítʹba)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: дели́тба (delítba), дели́дба (delídba)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дѐлидба, дјѐлидба

West Slavic:

Czech: dělitba


mytělь

mytělь (nominative singular)
mytěli (dual nominative)
mytěli (nominative plural)
mytěli (genitive singular)
mytělьju (dual genitive)
mytělьjь (genitive plural)
mytěli (dative singular)
mytělьma (dative dual)
mytělьmъ (dative plural)
mytělь (accusative singular)
mytěli (accusative dual)
mytěli (accusative plural)
mytělьjǫ (instrumental singular)
mytělьma (dual instrumental)
mytělьmi (instrumental plural)
mytěli (locative singular)
mytělьju (dual locative)
mytělьxъ (locative plural)
mytěli (singular vocative)
mytěli (dual vocative)
mytěli (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: мꙑтѣль f (mytělĭ)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мꙑтель f (mytelĭ)

Ukrainian: ми́тель m (mýtelʹ), ми́тіль (mýtilʹ), микіль (mykilʹ)

South Slavic: —

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mýtěl f

Czech: mytel m, meytel f, mýtel, mejtel

Old Polish: myciel

Polish: myciel


obutělь

obutělь (nominative singular)
obutěli (dual nominative)
obutěli (nominative plural)
obutěli (genitive singular)
obutělьju (dual genitive)
obutělьjь (genitive plural)
obutěli (dative singular)
obutělьma (dative dual)
obutělьmъ (dative plural)
obutělь (accusative singular)
obutěli (accusative dual)
obutěli (accusative plural)
obutělьjǫ (instrumental singular)
obutělьma (dual instrumental)
obutělьmi (instrumental plural)
obutěli (locative singular)
obutělьju (dual locative)
obutělьxъ (locative plural)
obutěli (singular vocative)
obutěli (dual vocative)
obutěli (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: обоутѣль f (obutělĭ)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: обутѣль (obutělĭ)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: obuteᶅ f

Slovene: obútel f

West Slavic: —


gybělь

gybělь (nominative singular)
gyběli (dual nominative)
gyběli (nominative plural)
gyběli (genitive singular)
gybělьju (dual genitive)
gybělьjь (genitive plural)
gyběli (dative singular)
gybělьma (dative dual)
gybělьmъ (dative plural)
gybělь (accusative singular)
gyběli (accusative dual)
gyběli (accusative plural)
gybělьjǫ (instrumental singular)
gybělьma (dual instrumental)
gybělьmi (instrumental plural)
gyběli (locative singular)
gybělьju (dual locative)
gybělьxъ (locative plural)
gyběli (singular vocative)
gyběli (dual vocative)
gyběli (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: гꙑбель (gybelĭ) (Russian)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гꙑбель (gybelĭ)

Belarusian: гі́бель f (híbjelʹ)

Russian: ги́бель f (gíbelʹ)

Ukrainian: ги́бель f (hýbelʹ), ги́біль (hýbilʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: гꙑбѣль f (gybělĭ)

Bulgarian: ги́бел f (gíbel), гыбе́лъ (gybél)

Macedonian: гибел f (gibel)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ги́бељ f

West Slavic: —


-ělь

-ělь (nominative singular)
-ěli (dual nominative)
-ěli (nominative plural)
-ěli (genitive singular)
-ělьju (dual genitive)
-ělьjь (genitive plural)
-ěli (dative singular)
-ělьma (dative dual)
-ělьmъ (dative plural)
-ělь (accusative singular)
-ěli (accusative dual)
-ěli (accusative plural)
-ělьjǫ (instrumental singular)
-ělьma (dual instrumental)
-ělьmi (instrumental plural)
-ěli (locative singular)
-ělьju (dual locative)
-ělьxъ (locative plural)
-ěli (singular vocative)
-ěli (dual vocative)
-ěli (plural vocative)
*-alь (alternative)
*-tělь (alternative)
verbs ending in -V- (alternative)

Old Church Slavonic: -ѣль (-jělĭ)

Russian: -ель (-elʹ)

Ukrainian: -іль (-ilʹ)

An addition of *-lь to a stem extension *-ē, possibly the same one found in the imperfect.

mytělь ← *myti

obutělь ← *obuti

Category:Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -V-

obrětělь ← *obrěsti

pečalь ← *peťi

gybělь ← *gynǫti

obitělь ← *obitati

svirělь ← *svirati

piščalь ← *piščati, *piskati

kapělь ← *kapati

glǫbělь ← *glǫbati


bodačь

bodačь (nominative singular)
bodača (dual nominative)
bodači (nominative plural)
bodača (genitive singular)
bodaču (dual genitive)
bodačь (genitive plural)
bodaču (dative singular)
bodačema (dative dual)
bodačemъ (dative plural)
bodačь (accusative singular)
bodača (accusative dual)
bodačę̇ (accusative plural)
bodačьmь (instrumental singular)
bodačemь (instrumental singular)
bodačema (dual instrumental)
bodači (instrumental plural)
bodači (locative singular)
bodaču (dual locative)
bodačixъ (locative plural)
bodaču (singular vocative)
bodača (dual vocative)
bodači (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бо̀да̑ч

Slovene: bodáč

From *bodati + *-čь or from *bosti + *-ačь.


asenь

àsenь (canonical masculine)
àsenь (nominative singular)
àseni (dual nominative)
àsenьjē (nominative plural)
àsenī (genitive singular)
àsenьju (dual genitive)
àsenьjь (genitive plural)
àseni (dative singular)
àsenьma (dative dual)
àsenьmъ (dative plural)
àsenь (accusative singular)
àseni (accusative dual)
àseni (accusative plural)
àsenьmь (instrumental singular)
àsenьma (dual instrumental)
àsenьmī (instrumental plural)
àsenī (locative singular)
àsenьju (dual locative)
àsenьxъ (locative plural)
aseni (singular vocative)
àseni (dual vocative)
àsenьjē (plural vocative)
*àsenъ (alternative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old Ruthenian: ꙗ́сень (jásenʹ)
Belarusian: я́сень (jásjenʹ)
Carpathian Rusyn: я́сїнь (jásjinʹ)
Ukrainian: я́сень (jásenʹ); я́сінь (jásinʹ) (dialectal)

Russian: я́сень (jásenʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: я́сен (jásen)

Macedonian: јасен (jasen)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ја̏се̄н

Latin script: jȁsēn

Slovene: jésen (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: jasan

Bohemian (Chod dialect): jesan

Kashubian: jasón

Polabian: josin

Polish: jesion

Slovak: jaseň

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: jaseń

Lower Sorbian: jaseń


belnъ

belnъ (nominative singular)
belna (dual nominative)
belni (nominative plural)
belna (genitive singular)
belnu (dual genitive)
belnъ (genitive plural)
belnu (dative singular)
belnoma (dative dual)
belnomъ (dative plural)
belnъ (accusative singular)
belna (accusative dual)
belny (accusative plural)
belnъmь (instrumental singular)
belnomь (instrumental singular)
belnoma (dual instrumental)
belny (instrumental plural)
belně (locative singular)
belnu (dual locative)
belněxъ (locative plural)
belne (singular vocative)
belna (dual vocative)
belni (plural vocative)
*bel(e)na (alternative)
*belenъ (alternative)
*bolnъ (alternative)

Church Slavonic: беленъ (belenŭ, “henbane”) (Russian)

East Slavic:

Russian: белен (belen, “henbane”) (dialectal), белена́ (belená, “henbane”)

Ukrainian: беле́на (beléna)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: блян (bljan, “day-dream”), блен (blen, “day-dream”)

Macedonian: блен (blen, “dream, day-dream”) (poetic), буника (bunika)

Serbo-Croatian:

unspecified script: [Term?] (“henbane”) (rare), [Term?] (“henbane”) (rare), [Term?] (“fool, idiot”), бу̑н, бу̀ника

Latin: blȇn, blȇm, belèna, bȗn, bùnika

Slovene: blen (“henbane”)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: blén

Czech: blín (“henbane”), (dialectal) blim (“henbane”)

Polish: bieluń

Slovak: blen (“henbane, bitterness”)

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰel-n-o-. Indo-European cognates include Old English beolone, beolene, belene (“henbane”), Danish bylne, buln-urt (“henbane”), Gaulish belenuntia (“henbane”), Belenos (“a god”). Also compare the s-stem variant Proto-Indo-European *bʰel-es-, whence Old High German bilisa, bilesa, bilsa (“henbane”), Spanish belesa, velesa (“henbane”), and probably Welsh bela, bele (“henbane”).


blęsti

blęstì (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
blędenьje (noun-from-verb)
blęsti (infinitive)
blęstъ (supine)
blędlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
blędъ (active participle past)
blędy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
blędъ (aorist first-person singular)
blędoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
blęde (aorist second-person singular)
blęde (aorist singular third-person)
blędǫ (first-person present singular)
blędeši (present second-person singular)
blędetь (present singular third-person)
blędově (aorist dual first-person)
blędoxově (aorist dual first-person)
blędeta (aorist dual second-person)
blędosta (aorist dual second-person)
blędete (aorist dual third-person)
blędoste (aorist dual third-person)
blędevě (dual first-person present)
blędeta (dual present second-person)
blędete (dual present third-person)
blędomъ (aorist first-person plural)
blędoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
blędete (aorist plural second-person)
blędoste (aorist plural second-person)
blędǫ (aorist plural third-person)
blędošę (aorist plural third-person)
blędemъ (first-person plural present)
blędete (plural present second-person)
blędǫtь (plural present third-person)
blęděaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
blęděaše (imperfect second-person singular)
blęděaše (imperfect singular third-person)
blędi (imperative second-person singular)
blędi (imperative singular third-person)
blęděaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
blęděašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
blęděašete (dual imperfect third-person)
blęděvě (dual first-person imperative)
blęděta (dual imperative second-person)
blęděaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
blęděašete (imperfect plural second-person)
blęděaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
blęděmъ (first-person imperative plural)
blęděte (imperative plural second-person)

Marko Snoj
Rick Derksen
uk:Гринчишин Дмитро Григорович

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: блѧсти (blęsti)

Middle Ukrainian: блѧсти (bljasty) (early 17th cent.)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: блѧсти (blęsti)

Glagolitic script: ⰱⰾⱔⱄⱅⰺ (blęsti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: блести (obsolete)

Latin script: blesti (obsolete)

Slovene: blésti

West Slavic:

Old Czech: blésti

Polish: blęść (dialectal)

Per Fraenkel, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *blenstei, typically derived from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlendʰ- (“to blend, to stir”). Baltic cognates include Lithuanian blę̃sti (“to add ingredients and stir; to babble nonsense”), possibly Latvian bliêzt (“to struggle to perceive”).
Alternative hypotheses suggest expressive or onomatopoeic origin:
* Machek: Related to Lithuanian blódėti (“to babble”), Latvian bladēt (“id.”), possible also Ancient Greek φλέδων (phlédōn, “babbler”), φληνύω (phlēnúō, “to babble”) (per Beekes, probably of Pre-Greek origin).
* Seebold: From Proto-Indo-European *mlendʰ-, an extention of *(s)mel- (“false, erroneous”) (whence Lithuanian mẽlas (“lie”)) or *melh₂- (“to grind”).

cog

(perhaps originally) to blend words → to confuse, to perplex


bľьvati

c (accent-paradigm)
bľьvanьje (noun-from-verb)
bľьvati (infinitive)
bľьvatъ (supine)
bľьvalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
bľьvanъ (participle passive past)
bľujemъ (participle passive present)
bľьvavъ (active participle past)
bľuję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
bľьvaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
bľьva (aorist second-person singular)
bľьva (aorist singular third-person)
bľujǫ (first-person present singular)
bľuješi (present second-person singular)
bľujetь (present singular third-person)
bľьvaxově (aorist dual first-person)
bľьvasta (aorist dual second-person)
bľьvaste (aorist dual third-person)
bľujevě (dual first-person present)
bľujeta (dual present second-person)
bľujete (dual present third-person)
bľьvaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bľьvaste (aorist plural second-person)
bľьvašę (aorist plural third-person)
bľujemъ (first-person plural present)
bľujete (plural present second-person)
bľujǫtь (plural present third-person)
bľьvaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bľьvaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bľьvaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bľuji (imperative second-person singular)
bľuji (imperative singular third-person)
bľьvaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bľьvaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bľьvaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bľujivě (dual first-person imperative)
bľujita (dual imperative second-person)
bľьvaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bľьvaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bľьvaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bľujimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bľujite (imperative plural second-person)
a (accent-paradigm)
bľьvanьje (noun-from-verb)
bľьvati (infinitive)
bľьvatъ (supine)
bľьvalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
bľьvanъ (participle passive past)
bľьvajemъ (participle passive present)
bľьvavъ (active participle past)
bľьvaję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
bľьvaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
bľьva (aorist second-person singular)
bľьva (aorist singular third-person)
bľьvajǫ (first-person present singular)
bľьvaješi (present second-person singular)
bľьvajetь (present singular third-person)
bľьvaxově (aorist dual first-person)
bľьvasta (aorist dual second-person)
bľьvaste (aorist dual third-person)
bľьvajevě (dual first-person present)
bľьvajeta (dual present second-person)
bľьvajete (dual present third-person)
bľьvaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bľьvaste (aorist plural second-person)
bľьvašę (aorist plural third-person)
bľьvajemъ (first-person plural present)
bľьvajete (plural present second-person)
bľьvajǫtь (plural present third-person)
bľьvaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bľьvaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bľьvaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bľьvaji (imperative second-person singular)
bľьvaji (imperative singular third-person)
bľьvaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bľьvaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bľьvaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bľьvajivě (dual first-person imperative)
bľьvajita (dual imperative second-person)
bľьvaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bľьvaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bľьvaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bľьvajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bľьvajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: бльвати (blĭvati)

Old Ruthenian:

desc

Belarusian: блю́ваць (bljúvacʹ), блява́ць (bljavácʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: бльо́вати (blʹóvaty)

Ukrainian: блюва́ти (bljuváty)

Russian: блева́ть (blevátʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: бльвати (blĭvati)

Glagolitic script: ⰱⰾⱐⰲⰰⱅⰺ (blĭvati)

Bulgarian: бъ́лвам (bǎ́lvam)

Macedonian: блуе (blue)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бљу̀вати

Latin script: bljùvati

Slovene: bljuváti, bljeváti

West Slavic:

Czech: blít

Polabian: bľåvăt

Old Polish: bluć

Slovak: bľuvať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: bluwaś

Upper Sorbian: bluwać

Perhaps from merging of:
* Per Vasmer, Snoj: From *bľuti (“to surge, to gush”) + *-ati, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bljauˀtei, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlewH-. Cognate with Lithuanian bliáuti (“to bleat, to weep”), Latvian bļaût (“to bleat”) and further akin to Ancient Greek φλύω (phlúō, “to boil over”), Latin fluō (“flow”). Related terms such as *blyjati, *blyvati can only descend from this source.
* Per Trubačev (ESSJa): Specifically for the expressive meaning “to vomit, to puke”, possibly from an earlier *bjьvati, analogous to Proto-Slavic *pľьvati (“to spit”) < *pjьvati. Descendants without epenthetic *-ľ- are attested in dial. Bulgarian бю́вам (bjúvam).


blǫditi

blǭdìti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
blǫďenьje (noun-from-verb)
blǫditi (infinitive)
blǫditъ (supine)
blǫdilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
blǫďenъ (participle passive past)
blǫdimъ (participle passive present)
blǫďь (active participle past)
blǫdę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
blǫdixъ (aorist first-person singular)
blǫdi (aorist second-person singular)
blǫdi (aorist singular third-person)
blǫďǫ (first-person present singular)
blǫdiši (present second-person singular)
blǫditь (present singular third-person)
blǫdixově (aorist dual first-person)
blǫdista (aorist dual second-person)
blǫdiste (aorist dual third-person)
blǫdivě (dual first-person present)
blǫdita (dual present second-person)
blǫdite (dual present third-person)
blǫdixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
blǫdiste (aorist plural second-person)
blǫdišę (aorist plural third-person)
blǫdimъ (first-person plural present)
blǫdite (plural present second-person)
blǫdętь (plural present third-person)
blǫďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
blǫďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
blǫďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
blǫdi (imperative second-person singular)
blǫdi (imperative singular third-person)
blǫďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
blǫďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
blǫďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
blǫdivě (dual first-person imperative)
blǫdita (dual imperative second-person)
blǫďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
blǫďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
blǫďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
blǫdimъ (first-person imperative plural)
blǫdite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: блѫдити (blǫditi)

Old Ruthenian: блуди́ти (bludíti)

Belarusian: блудзі́ць (bludzícʹ)

Ukrainian: блуди́ти (bludýty)

Russian: блуди́ть (bludítʹ)

Old Novgorodian: блодити (bloditi)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: блѫдити (blǫditi)

Glagolitic script: ⰱⰾⱘⰴⰻⱅⰻ (blǫditi)

Bulgarian: блъдя́ (blǎdjá)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: блудити

Latin script: bluditi

Slovene: blodíti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: blúditi

Czech: bloudit

desctree

Old Polish: błędzić
Polish: błądzić, błędzić (Middle Polish), błąsieć (“to be delirious with fever”) (Chełmno)
Silesian: błōńdzić

Slovak: blúdiť

Polabian: blǫdĕt

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: błãdzëc

Slovincian: blõdzëc

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: błuźiś

Upper Sorbian: błudzić

Etymology tree
Proto-Balto-Slavic *blándīˀtei
Proto-Slavic *blǫditi
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *blándīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlondʰ-éye-ti, from *bʰlendʰ- (“to blend, mix up”). Cognate with Latvian bluôdîtiês (“to roam, be ashamed”), blàndîtiês (“to roam”), Lithuanian blandýtis (“to clear up, become cloudy, recover, roam”), Proto-Germanic *blandaną.


blьknǫti

blьknovenьje (noun-from-verb)
blьknǫti (infinitive)
blьknǫtъ (supine)
blьknǫlъ (l-participle)
blьknovenъ (participle passive past)
blьknomъ (participle passive present)
blьknǫvъ (active participle past)
blьkny (active participle present)
blьknǫxъ (aorist first-person singular)
blьknǫ (aorist second-person singular)
blьknǫ (aorist singular third-person)
blьknǫ (first-person present singular)
blьkneši (present second-person singular)
blьknetь (present singular third-person)
blьknǫxově (aorist dual first-person)
blьknǫsta (aorist dual second-person)
blьknǫste (aorist dual third-person)
blьknevě (dual first-person present)
blьkneta (dual present second-person)
blьknete (dual present third-person)
blьknǫxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
blьknǫste (aorist plural second-person)
blьknǫšę (aorist plural third-person)
blьknemъ (first-person plural present)
blьknete (plural present second-person)
blьknǫtь (plural present third-person)
blьkněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
blьkněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
blьkněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
blьkni (imperative second-person singular)
blьkni (imperative singular third-person)
blьkněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
blьkněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
blьkněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
blьkněvě (dual first-person imperative)
blьkněta (dual imperative second-person)
blьkněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
blьkněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
blьkněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
blьkněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
blьkněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: блякнуць (bljaknucʹ)

Russian: блёкнуть (bljóknutʹ)

desc

Ukrainian: бле́кнути (bléknuty) (obsolete)

West Slavic:

Polish: blaknąć

→ Ukrainian: бля́кнути (bljáknuty)

Uncertain. Common theories include:
* Related to Lithuanian blùkti (“to weaken”) and, possibly, Latin flaccus (“flaccid”).
* Related to Lithuanian nubliẽkti (“to fade”).
The descended terms have also been proposed to be borrowed from a Germanic language, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *blaikijaną (“to bleach”), supported by the terms' relatively late attestations.


stogъ

stògъ (nominative singular)
stogà (dual nominative)
stodzì (nominative plural)
stogà (genitive singular)
stogù (dual genitive)
stògъ (genitive plural)
stogù (dative singular)
stogòma (dative dual)
stogòmъ (dative plural)
stògъ (accusative singular)
stogà (accusative dual)
stogỳ (accusative plural)
stogъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
stogòmь (instrumental singular)
stogòma (dual instrumental)
stògy (instrumental plural)
stodzě̀ (locative singular)
stogù (dual locative)
stòdzěxъ (locative plural)
stože (singular vocative)
stogà (dual vocative)
stodzì (plural vocative)
stȍgъ (nominative singular)
stȍga (dual nominative)
stȍdzi (nominative plural)
stȍga (genitive singular)
stogù (dual genitive)
stògъ (genitive plural)
stȍgu (dative singular)
stogomà (dative dual)
stogòmъ (dative plural)
stȍgъ (accusative singular)
stȍga (accusative dual)
stȍgy (accusative plural)
stȍgъmь (instrumental singular)
stȍgomь (instrumental singular)
stogomà (dual instrumental)
stogý (instrumental plural)
stȍdzě (locative singular)
stogù (dual locative)
stodzě̃xъ (locative plural)
stože (singular vocative)
stȍga (dual vocative)
stȍdzi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: стогъ (stogŭ)
Old Ruthenian: стогъ (stoh)
Belarusian: стог (stoh)
Carpathian Rusyn: стуг (stuh)
Ukrainian: стіг (stih)
Russian: стог (stog)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: стогъ (stogŭ)

Glagolitic: ⱄⱅⱁⰳⱏ (stogŭ)

Bulgarian: стог (stog)

Macedonian: стог (stog)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сто̑г

Latin script: stȏg

Slovene: stòg

West Slavic:

Old Czech: stoh

Czech: stoh

Bohemian (Chod dialect): stuh

Old Polish: stóg

Polish: stóg

Slovak: stoh

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: stóh

Lower Sorbian: stog

→ Romanian: stog

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *stagas, from Proto-Indo-European *stegʰ-. Baltic cognates include Lithuanian stãgaras (“dry stalk, switch”). Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek στόχος (stókhos, “brick pillar”), Old Norse stakkr (“stack”) and possibly Old English staca (“stake”).
A less likely derivation is from Proto-Indo-European *stog-os (“hut, cover”).


pьlstь

pь̑lstъ (canonical feminine)
pь̑lstь (nominative singular)
pь̑lsti (dual nominative)
pь̑lsti (nominative plural)
pьlstí (genitive singular)
pьlstьjù (dual genitive)
pьlsťu (dual genitive)
pьlstь̀jь (genitive plural)
pь̑lsti (dative singular)
pьlstьmà (dative dual)
pь̑lstьmъ (dative plural)
pь̑lstь (accusative singular)
pь̑lsti (accusative dual)
pь̑lsti (accusative plural)
pьlstьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
pьlstьmà (dual instrumental)
pьlstьmì (instrumental plural)
pьlstí (locative singular)
pьlstьjù (dual locative)
pьlsťu (dual locative)
pь̑lstьxъ (locative plural)
pьlsti (singular vocative)
pь̑lsti (dual vocative)
pь̑lsti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: пълсть (pŭlstĭ)

Belarusian: поўсць (poŭscʹ)

Russian: полсть (polstʹ)

Ukrainian: повсть (povstʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: плъсть (plŭstĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⰾⱏⱄⱅⱐ (plŭstĭ)

Bulgarian: плъст (plǎst)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пу̏ст

Latin script: pȕst

Slovene: pȏlst (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: plst

Czech: plst

Polish: pilść (obsolete), pilśń

Slovak: plsť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: pjelść

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: pâslă

Cognate with Ancient Greek πῖλος (pîlos), Latin pilleus, Proto-West Germanic *felt, Albanian plis.


mьrzěti

Rick Derksen
uk:Мельничук Олександр Савич

mьrzěnьje (noun-from-verb)
mьrzěti (infinitive)
mьrzětъ (supine)
mьrzělъ (l-participle)
mьrzěnъ (participle passive past)
mьrzimъ (participle passive present)
mьrzěvъ (active participle past)
mьrzę (active participle present)
mьrzěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
mьrzě (aorist second-person singular)
mьrzě (aorist singular third-person)
mьržǫ (first-person present singular)
mьrziši (present second-person singular)
mьrzitь (present singular third-person)
mьrzěxově (aorist dual first-person)
mьrzěsta (aorist dual second-person)
mьrzěste (aorist dual third-person)
mьrzivě (dual first-person present)
mьrzita (dual present second-person)
mьrzite (dual present third-person)
mьrzěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mьrzěste (aorist plural second-person)
mьrzěšę (aorist plural third-person)
mьrzimъ (first-person plural present)
mьrzite (plural present second-person)
mьrzętь (plural present third-person)
mьrzěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mьrzěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mьrzěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
mьrzi (imperative second-person singular)
mьrzi (imperative singular third-person)
mьrzěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mьrzěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mьrzěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mьrzivě (dual first-person imperative)
mьrzita (dual imperative second-person)
mьrzěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mьrzěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mьrzěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mьrzimъ (first-person imperative plural)
mьrzite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: мерзеть (merzetʹ) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: мерзи́ти (merzýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мръзѣти (mrŭzěti)

Glagolitic: ⰿⱃⱏⰸⱑⱅⰻ (mrŭzěti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мр́зети

Latin script: mŕziti

Slovene: mrzẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mrzěti

Czech: mrzet

Old Polish: mierzieć, mirzieć

Polabian: morzăt

Slovak: mrzieť


mьrziti

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мерзити (merziti)

Russian: мерзи́ть (merzítʹ) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: мерзи́ти (merzýty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: мързи́ (mǎrzí)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мр́зити

Latin script: mŕziti

Slovene: mrzíti

West Slavic:

Czech: mrzet (“to be sorry”)

Polish: mierzić

Slovak: mrzеť

Slovincian: mjêrzëc

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: mjerzaś

Upper Sorbian: mjerzać


lemexъ

lemexъ (nominative singular)
lemexa (dual nominative)
lemeśi (nominative plural)
lemexa (genitive singular)
lemexu (dual genitive)
lemexъ (genitive plural)
lemexu (dative singular)
lemexoma (dative dual)
lemexomъ (dative plural)
lemexъ (accusative singular)
lemexa (accusative dual)
lemexy (accusative plural)
lemexъmь (instrumental singular)
lemexomь (instrumental singular)
lemexoma (dual instrumental)
lemexy (instrumental plural)
lemeśě (locative singular)
lemexu (dual locative)
lemeśěxъ (locative plural)
lemeše (singular vocative)
lemexa (dual vocative)
lemeśi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: лемехъ (lemexŭ, “ploughshare”)

Belarusian: ле́мех (ljémjex, “ploughshare”)

Russian: ле́мех (lémex, “ploughshare”)

South Slavic:

West Slavic:

Czech: lemech (“back of a chair”) (dialectal)

An alternative form of *lemešь. See there for details.


lemešь

lemešь (nominative singular)
lemeša (dual nominative)
lemeši (nominative plural)
lemeša (genitive singular)
lemešu (dual genitive)
lemešь (genitive plural)
lemešu (dative singular)
lemešema (dative dual)
lemešemъ (dative plural)
lemešь (accusative singular)
lemeša (accusative dual)
lemešę̇ (accusative plural)
lemešьmь (instrumental singular)
lemešemь (instrumental singular)
lemešema (dual instrumental)
lemeši (instrumental plural)
lemeši (locative singular)
lemešu (dual locative)
lemešixъ (locative plural)
lemešu (singular vocative)
lemeša (dual vocative)
lemeši (plural vocative)
*lemežь (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: лемешь (lemešĭ)

Old Ruthenian: лемешъ (lemeš)

Belarusian: ляме́ш (ljamjéš)

Ukrainian: лемі́ш (lemíš)

Russian: ле́меш (lémeš)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: лемешь (lemešĭ)

Glagolitic: ⰾⰵⰿⰵⱎⱐ (lemešĭ)

Bulgarian: леме́ж (leméž)

Macedonian: ле́меш (lémeš)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: лѐмеш, лѐмеж

Latin: lèmeš, lèmež

Slovene: lémeš, lémež

West Slavic:

Old Czech: lemeš

Czech: lemeš (obsolete)

Old Polish: lemiesz

Polish: lemiesz

Old Slovak: lemeš

Slovak: lemeš

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: lemez

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *lémešis. Cognates include Latvian lemesis (“sharp plough”), Lithuanian lẽmežis (“wooden part of the plough”), lãmežis (“wooden part of the plough”) and Proto-Slavic *lomìti (“to break”).


lěnъ

lě̑nъ (canonical)
lěnъ (masculine nominative singular)
lěna (feminine nominative singular)
lěno (neuter nominative singular)
lěna (genitive masculine singular)
lěny (feminine genitive singular)
lěna (genitive neuter singular)
lěnu (dative masculine singular)
lěně (dative feminine singular)
lěnu (dative neuter singular)
lěnъ (accusative masculine singular)
lěnǫ (accusative feminine singular)
lěno (accusative neuter singular)
lěnomь (instrumental masculine singular)
lěnojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
lěnomь (instrumental neuter singular)
lěně (locative masculine singular)
lěně (feminine locative singular)
lěně (locative neuter singular)
lěne (masculine singular vocative)
lěno (feminine singular vocative)
lěno (neuter singular vocative)
lěna (dual masculine nominative)
lěně (dual feminine nominative)
lěně (dual neuter nominative)
lěnu (dual genitive masculine)
lěnu (dual feminine genitive)
lěnu (dual genitive neuter)
lěnoma (dative dual masculine)
lěnama (dative dual feminine)
lěnoma (dative dual neuter)
lěna (accusative dual masculine)
lěně (accusative dual feminine)
lěně (accusative dual neuter)
lěnoma (dual instrumental masculine)
lěnama (dual feminine instrumental)
lěnoma (dual instrumental neuter)
lěnu (dual locative masculine)
lěnu (dual feminine locative)
lěnu (dual locative neuter)
lěna (dual masculine vocative)
lěně (dual feminine vocative)
lěně (dual neuter vocative)
lěni (masculine nominative plural)
lěny (feminine nominative plural)
lěna (neuter nominative plural)
lěnъ (genitive masculine plural)
lěnъ (feminine genitive plural)
lěnъ (genitive neuter plural)
lěnomъ (dative masculine plural)
lěnamъ (dative feminine plural)
lěnomъ (dative neuter plural)
lěny (accusative masculine plural)
lěny (accusative feminine plural)
lěna (accusative neuter plural)
lěny (instrumental masculine plural)
lěnami (feminine instrumental plural)
lěny (instrumental neuter plural)
lěněxъ (locative masculine plural)
lěnaxъ (feminine locative plural)
lěněxъ (locative neuter plural)
lěni (masculine plural vocative)
lěny (feminine plural vocative)
lěna (neuter plural vocative)
lěnъjь (masculine nominative singular)
lěnaja (feminine nominative singular)
lěnoje (neuter nominative singular)
lěnajego (genitive masculine singular)
lěnyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
lěnajego (genitive neuter singular)
lěnujemu (dative masculine singular)
lěněji (dative feminine singular)
lěnujemu (dative neuter singular)
lěnъjь (accusative masculine singular)
lěnǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
lěnoje (accusative neuter singular)
lěnyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
lěnǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
lěnyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
lěnějemь (locative masculine singular)
lěněji (feminine locative singular)
lěnějemь (locative neuter singular)
lěnъjь (masculine singular vocative)
lěnaja (feminine singular vocative)
lěnoje (neuter singular vocative)
lěnaja (dual masculine nominative)
lěněji (dual feminine nominative)
lěněji (dual neuter nominative)
lěnuju (dual genitive masculine)
lěnuju (dual feminine genitive)
lěnuju (dual genitive neuter)
lěnyjima (dative dual masculine)
lěnyjima (dative dual feminine)
lěnyjima (dative dual neuter)
lěnaja (accusative dual masculine)
lěněji (accusative dual feminine)
lěněji (accusative dual neuter)
lěnyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
lěnyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
lěnyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
lěnuju (dual locative masculine)
lěnuju (dual feminine locative)
lěnuju (dual locative neuter)
lěnaja (dual masculine vocative)
lěněji (dual feminine vocative)
lěněji (dual neuter vocative)
lěniji (masculine nominative plural)
lěnyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
lěnaja (neuter nominative plural)
lěnъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
lěnъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
lěnъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
lěnyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
lěnyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
lěnyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
lěnyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
lěnyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
lěnaja (accusative neuter plural)
lěnyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
lěnyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
lěnyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
lěnyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
lěnyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
lěnyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
lěniji (masculine plural vocative)
lěnyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
lěnaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: лѣнꙑи (lěnyi)

Belarusian: ляны́ (ljaný)

Russian: ляной (ljanoj) (dialectal), леной (lenoj) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: лѣнъ (lěnŭ)

Glagolitic: ⰾⱑⱀⱏ (lěnŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ли̏јен, лије̑н, ле̑н, ле̑њ

Latin: lȉjen, lijȇn, lȇn, lȇnj

Slovene: lẹ̑n, lȅn (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: léný

Czech: líný

Old Polish: leny

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *lēnas, from Proto-Indo-European *leh₁-en-os, from *leh₁- (“lazy, slow”). Cognate with Latvian lēns (“lazy”), Lithuanian lė́nas (“lazy”), Latin lenis.


lěnь

lěnь (nominative singular)
lěni (dual nominative)
lěni (nominative plural)
lěni (genitive singular)
lěnьju (dual genitive)
lěnьjь (genitive plural)
lěni (dative singular)
lěnьma (dative dual)
lěnьmъ (dative plural)
lěnь (accusative singular)
lěni (accusative dual)
lěni (accusative plural)
lěnьjǫ (instrumental singular)
lěnьma (dual instrumental)
lěnьmi (instrumental plural)
lěni (locative singular)
lěnьju (dual locative)
lěnьxъ (locative plural)
lěni (singular vocative)
lěni (dual vocative)
lěni (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: лень (lenʹ, “laziness”)

desc

Ukrainian: лінь (linʹ, “laziness, lazy person”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: лѣнь (lěnĭ, “laziness”)

Glagolitic: ⰾⱑⱀⱐ (lěnĭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ли̏јен (“laziness”)

Latin script: lȉjen

Slovene: lė̑n (“laziness”)

West Slavic:

Czech: léň (“laziness”) (obsolete, dialectal)

Polish: leń (“lazy person”)

Slovak: lieň (“laziness”) (poetic, dialectal)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: lěni

From Proto-Indo-European *leh₁-, alongside Latin lenis (“calm, gradual”) and Lithuanian lėtas (“slow, tranquil”).


lěnivъ

lěnìvъ (canonical)
lěnivъ (masculine nominative singular)
lěniva (feminine nominative singular)
lěnivo (neuter nominative singular)
lěniva (genitive masculine singular)
lěnivy (feminine genitive singular)
lěniva (genitive neuter singular)
lěnivu (dative masculine singular)
lěnivě (dative feminine singular)
lěnivu (dative neuter singular)
lěnivъ (accusative masculine singular)
lěnivǫ (accusative feminine singular)
lěnivo (accusative neuter singular)
lěnivomь (instrumental masculine singular)
lěnivojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
lěnivomь (instrumental neuter singular)
lěnivě (locative masculine singular)
lěnivě (feminine locative singular)
lěnivě (locative neuter singular)
lěnive (masculine singular vocative)
lěnivo (feminine singular vocative)
lěnivo (neuter singular vocative)
lěniva (dual masculine nominative)
lěnivě (dual feminine nominative)
lěnivě (dual neuter nominative)
lěnivu (dual genitive masculine)
lěnivu (dual feminine genitive)
lěnivu (dual genitive neuter)
lěnivoma (dative dual masculine)
lěnivama (dative dual feminine)
lěnivoma (dative dual neuter)
lěniva (accusative dual masculine)
lěnivě (accusative dual feminine)
lěnivě (accusative dual neuter)
lěnivoma (dual instrumental masculine)
lěnivama (dual feminine instrumental)
lěnivoma (dual instrumental neuter)
lěnivu (dual locative masculine)
lěnivu (dual feminine locative)
lěnivu (dual locative neuter)
lěniva (dual masculine vocative)
lěnivě (dual feminine vocative)
lěnivě (dual neuter vocative)
lěnivi (masculine nominative plural)
lěnivy (feminine nominative plural)
lěniva (neuter nominative plural)
lěnivъ (genitive masculine plural)
lěnivъ (feminine genitive plural)
lěnivъ (genitive neuter plural)
lěnivomъ (dative masculine plural)
lěnivamъ (dative feminine plural)
lěnivomъ (dative neuter plural)
lěnivy (accusative masculine plural)
lěnivy (accusative feminine plural)
lěniva (accusative neuter plural)
lěnivy (instrumental masculine plural)
lěnivami (feminine instrumental plural)
lěnivy (instrumental neuter plural)
lěnivěxъ (locative masculine plural)
lěnivaxъ (feminine locative plural)
lěnivěxъ (locative neuter plural)
lěnivi (masculine plural vocative)
lěnivy (feminine plural vocative)
lěniva (neuter plural vocative)
lěnivъjь (masculine nominative singular)
lěnivaja (feminine nominative singular)
lěnivoje (neuter nominative singular)
lěnivajego (genitive masculine singular)
lěnivyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
lěnivajego (genitive neuter singular)
lěnivujemu (dative masculine singular)
lěnivěji (dative feminine singular)
lěnivujemu (dative neuter singular)
lěnivъjь (accusative masculine singular)
lěnivǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
lěnivoje (accusative neuter singular)
lěnivyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
lěnivǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
lěnivyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
lěnivějemь (locative masculine singular)
lěnivěji (feminine locative singular)
lěnivějemь (locative neuter singular)
lěnivъjь (masculine singular vocative)
lěnivaja (feminine singular vocative)
lěnivoje (neuter singular vocative)
lěnivaja (dual masculine nominative)
lěnivěji (dual feminine nominative)
lěnivěji (dual neuter nominative)
lěnivuju (dual genitive masculine)
lěnivuju (dual feminine genitive)
lěnivuju (dual genitive neuter)
lěnivyjima (dative dual masculine)
lěnivyjima (dative dual feminine)
lěnivyjima (dative dual neuter)
lěnivaja (accusative dual masculine)
lěnivěji (accusative dual feminine)
lěnivěji (accusative dual neuter)
lěnivyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
lěnivyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
lěnivyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
lěnivuju (dual locative masculine)
lěnivuju (dual feminine locative)
lěnivuju (dual locative neuter)
lěnivaja (dual masculine vocative)
lěnivěji (dual feminine vocative)
lěnivěji (dual neuter vocative)
lěniviji (masculine nominative plural)
lěnivyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
lěnivaja (neuter nominative plural)
lěnivъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
lěnivъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
lěnivъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
lěnivyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
lěnivyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
lěnivyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
lěnivyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
lěnivyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
lěnivaja (accusative neuter plural)
lěnivyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
lěnivyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
lěnivyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
lěnivyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
lěnivyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
lěnivyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
lěniviji (masculine plural vocative)
lěnivyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
lěnivaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ляні́вы (ljanívy)

Russian: лени́вый (lenívyj)

Ukrainian: ліни́вий (linývyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: лѣнивъ (lěnivŭ, “lazy”)

Glagolitic: ⰾⱑⱀⰻⰲⱏ (lěnivŭ)

Bulgarian: лени́в (lenív, “lazy, sluggish”)

Serbo-Croatian:

unspecified script: [Term?] (“lazy”)

Latin script: ljèniv

Slovene: lenìv (“lazy, sluggish”)

West Slavic:

Czech: lenivý (“lazy, sluggish”)

Polish: leniwy (“lazy, sluggish”)

Slovak: lenivý (“lazy, sluggish”)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: lěniwy


lěska

lě̄skà (canonical feminine)
lě̄skà (nominative singular)
lě̃scě (dual nominative)
lě̄skỳ (nominative plural)
lě̄skỳ (genitive singular)
lě̄skù (dual genitive)
lě̃skъ (genitive plural)
lě̄scě̀ (dative singular)
lě̄skàma (dative dual)
lě̄skàmъ (dative plural)
lě̄skǫ̀ (accusative singular)
lě̃scě (accusative dual)
lě̄skỳ (accusative plural)
lě̄skòjǫ (instrumental singular)
lě̃skǫ (instrumental singular)
lě̄skàma (dual instrumental)
lě̄skàmī (instrumental plural)
lě̄scě̀ (locative singular)
lě̄skù (dual locative)
lě̄skàsъ (locative plural)
lě̄skàxъ (locative plural)
lěsko (singular vocative)
lě̃scě (dual vocative)
lě̄skỳ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ля́ска (ljáska)

Russian: лязга́ (ljazgá) (dialectal)

⇒ Russian: лещи́на (leščína)

Ukrainian: лі́ска (líska)

⇒ Ukrainian: ліщи́на (liščýna)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: леска́ (leská)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: лије́ска, ле́ска

Latin: lijéska, léska

Slovene: lẹ́ska (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: líska, ľaska

Polish: laska

Slovak: lieska

Slovincian: loska

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: lěska

Upper Sorbian: lěska

Cognate with Proto-Slavic *loza (“vine”), Latvian lazda (“hazel”), lagzda (“hazel”), Lithuanian lazdà (“stick, staff”), Old Prussian laxde (“hazel”).


lěvъ

lě̑vъ (canonical)
lěvъ (masculine nominative singular)
lěva (feminine nominative singular)
lěvo (neuter nominative singular)
lěva (genitive masculine singular)
lěvy (feminine genitive singular)
lěva (genitive neuter singular)
lěvu (dative masculine singular)
lěvě (dative feminine singular)
lěvu (dative neuter singular)
lěvъ (accusative masculine singular)
lěvǫ (accusative feminine singular)
lěvo (accusative neuter singular)
lěvomь (instrumental masculine singular)
lěvojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
lěvomь (instrumental neuter singular)
lěvě (locative masculine singular)
lěvě (feminine locative singular)
lěvě (locative neuter singular)
lěve (masculine singular vocative)
lěvo (feminine singular vocative)
lěvo (neuter singular vocative)
lěva (dual masculine nominative)
lěvě (dual feminine nominative)
lěvě (dual neuter nominative)
lěvu (dual genitive masculine)
lěvu (dual feminine genitive)
lěvu (dual genitive neuter)
lěvoma (dative dual masculine)
lěvama (dative dual feminine)
lěvoma (dative dual neuter)
lěva (accusative dual masculine)
lěvě (accusative dual feminine)
lěvě (accusative dual neuter)
lěvoma (dual instrumental masculine)
lěvama (dual feminine instrumental)
lěvoma (dual instrumental neuter)
lěvu (dual locative masculine)
lěvu (dual feminine locative)
lěvu (dual locative neuter)
lěva (dual masculine vocative)
lěvě (dual feminine vocative)
lěvě (dual neuter vocative)
lěvi (masculine nominative plural)
lěvy (feminine nominative plural)
lěva (neuter nominative plural)
lěvъ (genitive masculine plural)
lěvъ (feminine genitive plural)
lěvъ (genitive neuter plural)
lěvomъ (dative masculine plural)
lěvamъ (dative feminine plural)
lěvomъ (dative neuter plural)
lěvy (accusative masculine plural)
lěvy (accusative feminine plural)
lěva (accusative neuter plural)
lěvy (instrumental masculine plural)
lěvami (feminine instrumental plural)
lěvy (instrumental neuter plural)
lěvěxъ (locative masculine plural)
lěvaxъ (feminine locative plural)
lěvěxъ (locative neuter plural)
lěvi (masculine plural vocative)
lěvy (feminine plural vocative)
lěva (neuter plural vocative)
lěvъjь (masculine nominative singular)
lěvaja (feminine nominative singular)
lěvoje (neuter nominative singular)
lěvajego (genitive masculine singular)
lěvyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
lěvajego (genitive neuter singular)
lěvujemu (dative masculine singular)
lěvěji (dative feminine singular)
lěvujemu (dative neuter singular)
lěvъjь (accusative masculine singular)
lěvǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
lěvoje (accusative neuter singular)
lěvyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
lěvǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
lěvyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
lěvějemь (locative masculine singular)
lěvěji (feminine locative singular)
lěvějemь (locative neuter singular)
lěvъjь (masculine singular vocative)
lěvaja (feminine singular vocative)
lěvoje (neuter singular vocative)
lěvaja (dual masculine nominative)
lěvěji (dual feminine nominative)
lěvěji (dual neuter nominative)
lěvuju (dual genitive masculine)
lěvuju (dual feminine genitive)
lěvuju (dual genitive neuter)
lěvyjima (dative dual masculine)
lěvyjima (dative dual feminine)
lěvyjima (dative dual neuter)
lěvaja (accusative dual masculine)
lěvěji (accusative dual feminine)
lěvěji (accusative dual neuter)
lěvyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
lěvyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
lěvyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
lěvuju (dual locative masculine)
lěvuju (dual feminine locative)
lěvuju (dual locative neuter)
lěvaja (dual masculine vocative)
lěvěji (dual feminine vocative)
lěvěji (dual neuter vocative)
lěviji (masculine nominative plural)
lěvyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
lěvaja (neuter nominative plural)
lěvъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
lěvъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
lěvъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
lěvyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
lěvyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
lěvyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
lěvyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
lěvyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
lěvaja (accusative neuter plural)
lěvyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
lěvyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
lěvyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
lěvyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
lěvyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
lěvyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
lěviji (masculine plural vocative)
lěvyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
lěvaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: лѣвъ (lěvŭ)

Belarusian: ле́вы (ljévy)

Russian: ле́вый (lévyj)

Ukrainian: лі́вий (lívyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: лѣвъ (lěvŭ)

Glagolitic: ⰾⱑⰲⱏ (lěvŭ)

Bulgarian: ляв (ljav)

Macedonian: лев (lev)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ле̑вӣ

Latin script: lȇvī

Slovene: lẹ̑v

West Slavic:

Old Czech: levý

Czech: levý

Polabian: levĕ

Polish: lewy

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: lewi

Slovincian: lêwy

Slovak: ľavý

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: lěwy

Upper Sorbian: lěwy

From Proto-Indo-European *leh₂iwos, possibly from *leh₂- (“to be hidden, to wait from a distance”), derived with the suffix *-wós. Cognates include Ancient Greek λαιός (laiós), Latin laevus. The adjective got its meaning likely due to the popular view that the left hand is the weaker, less suitable hand to use.


lędvьje

lędvьje (nominative singular)
lędvьji (dual nominative)
lędvьja (nominative plural)
lędvьja (genitive singular)
lędvьju (dual genitive)
lędvьjь (genitive plural)
lędvьju (dative singular)
lędvьjema (dative dual)
lędvьjemъ (dative plural)
lędvьje (accusative singular)
lędvьji (accusative dual)
lędvьja (accusative plural)
lędvьjьmь (instrumental singular)
lędvьjemь (instrumental singular)
lędvьjema (dual instrumental)
lędvьji (instrumental plural)
lędvьji (locative singular)
lędvьju (dual locative)
lędvьjixъ (locative plural)
lędvьje (singular vocative)
lędvьji (dual vocative)
lędvьja (plural vocative)
*lędvьja (alternative)

East Slavic:

Russian: ля́двея f (ljádveja, Nsg.) (archaic)

Ukrainian: лі́дви (lídvy)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: лѧдвьѩ f (lędvĭję, Npl.)

Glagolitic: ⰾⱔⰴⰲⱐⱗ (lędvĭję)

⇒ Bulgarian: ле́джа (lédža, “lineage, generation”) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ле́ђа n (Npl.), ле̏два n (Npl.), ле̏два f (Nsg.)

Latin script: léđa n (Npl.), lȅdva n (Npl.), lȅdva f (Nsg.)

Slovene: ledija f (Nsg.), ledeja f (Nsg.), ledevje n (Nsg.), ledovje n (Nsg.), ledje n (Nsg.), ledje f (Npl.), ledvije f (Npl.).

West Slavic:

Old Czech: ledvie

Czech: ledví n (Nsg.) (archaic), ladví n (Nsg.) (archaic)

Polish: lędźwie f (Npl.)

Slovak: ľadvie n (Nsg.) (archaic), ľadva f (Nsg.)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: ledźba

Lower Sorbian: laźwjo

From Proto-Indo-European *lendʰ-. Cognates include Latin lumbus, Proto-Germanic *landį̄, Sanskrit रन्ध्र (rándhra).


lisъka

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *лисъка (*lisŭka)

Middle Russian: лиска (liska)

Old Ruthenian: лиска (liska)

Belarusian: ли́ска (líska); лі́ска (líska) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: ли́ска (lýska)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Church Slavonic: лиска (liska)

Macedonian: лиска (liska)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ли̏ска (archaic, rare)

Latin script: lȉska (archaic, rare)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: liška

Czech: liška

Old Polish: liska, liszka

Polish: liszka (dialectal)

Old Slovak: líška

Pannonian Rusyn: лїшка (ljiška)

Slovak: líška

Polabian: laiskă

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: liška

Upper Sorbian: liška


gybati

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гꙑбати (gybati), гꙑбатисꙗ (gybatisja)

Belarusian: гіба́ць (hibácʹ), гі́баць (híbacʹ) (dialectal)

Russian: гиба́ть (gibátʹ), гы́бать (gýbatʹ) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: гиба́ть (hybátʹ) (dialectal)

⇒ Ukrainian: загиба́ти (zahybáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: гꙑбати (gybati)

Glagolitic script: ⰳⱏⰹⰱⰰⱅⰺ (gybati)

Middle Bulgarian: ги́бѫм (gíbǫm)

Bulgarian: ги́бам (gíbam), ги́ба̣м (gíbạm) (dialectal)

Macedonian: гиба (giba)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ги́бати

Latin script: gíbati

Slovene: gíbati

West Slavic:

Czech: hýbati; hýbat, hýbať, hyjbat (dialectal)

Old Polish: gibać

Polish: gibać (dialectal)

Slovak: hýbať; híbat (dialectal); hibaj

Slovincian: gjibac

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: gibaś

Upper Sorbian: gibać

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gubā́ˀtei, itself from *gúbtei.


xorna

xornà (canonical feminine)
xōrnà (nominative singular)
xõrně (dual nominative)
xōrnỳ (nominative plural)
xōrnỳ (genitive singular)
xōrnù (dual genitive)
xõrnъ (genitive plural)
xōrně̀ (dative singular)
xōrnàma (dative dual)
xōrnàmъ (dative plural)
xōrnǫ̀ (accusative singular)
xõrně (accusative dual)
xōrnỳ (accusative plural)
xōrnòjǫ (instrumental singular)
xõrnǫ (instrumental singular)
xōrnàma (dual instrumental)
xōrnàmī (instrumental plural)
xōrně̀ (locative singular)
xōrnù (dual locative)
xōrnàsъ (locative plural)
xōrnàxъ (locative plural)
xorno (singular vocative)
xõrně (dual vocative)
xōrnỳ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: хоро́на (xoróna)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Church Slavonic: храна (xrana)

Bulgarian: храна́ (hraná)

Macedonian: хра́на (hrána), ра́на (rána)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: хра́на

Latin script: hrána

Slovene: hrána (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: chrana (rare)

Kashubian: charna, chôrna

Old Polish: chrona

Polish: charna (dialectal)

Polabian: xornă

Slovincian: chorna

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: hrană

Disputed:
* Martynov: Borrowed from Proto-Iranian, whence Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀 (xᵛar^əna, “food”); perhaps, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swel- (“to devour; to swell”). Doubted by Vasmer.
* Berneker: Native, derived from Proto-Indo-European *serh₂- (“to sustain”) (whence Latin servō (“to serve”), Sanskrit सर्वथा (sarvathā, “entirety”)). Originally meaning “sustenance”. Initial *x- is explained as a result of levelling from forms such *prixorniti, *uxorniti which were subject to RUKI-rule.
* Mladenov: Native, from an earlier *skornā, derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to chop”) (whence Latin carō (“flesh”)). Originally meaning “portion”.
Derksen (EDSIL) and Trubačev (ESSJa) tend to favour the first hypothesis. Snoj prefers the second.


xromъ

xròmъ (canonical)
xromъ (masculine nominative singular)
xroma (feminine nominative singular)
xromo (neuter nominative singular)
xroma (genitive masculine singular)
xromy (feminine genitive singular)
xroma (genitive neuter singular)
xromu (dative masculine singular)
xromě (dative feminine singular)
xromu (dative neuter singular)
xromъ (accusative masculine singular)
xromǫ (accusative feminine singular)
xromo (accusative neuter singular)
xromomь (instrumental masculine singular)
xromojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
xromomь (instrumental neuter singular)
xromě (locative masculine singular)
xromě (feminine locative singular)
xromě (locative neuter singular)
xrome (masculine singular vocative)
xromo (feminine singular vocative)
xromo (neuter singular vocative)
xroma (dual masculine nominative)
xromě (dual feminine nominative)
xromě (dual neuter nominative)
xromu (dual genitive masculine)
xromu (dual feminine genitive)
xromu (dual genitive neuter)
xromoma (dative dual masculine)
xromama (dative dual feminine)
xromoma (dative dual neuter)
xroma (accusative dual masculine)
xromě (accusative dual feminine)
xromě (accusative dual neuter)
xromoma (dual instrumental masculine)
xromama (dual feminine instrumental)
xromoma (dual instrumental neuter)
xromu (dual locative masculine)
xromu (dual feminine locative)
xromu (dual locative neuter)
xroma (dual masculine vocative)
xromě (dual feminine vocative)
xromě (dual neuter vocative)
xromi (masculine nominative plural)
xromy (feminine nominative plural)
xroma (neuter nominative plural)
xromъ (genitive masculine plural)
xromъ (feminine genitive plural)
xromъ (genitive neuter plural)
xromomъ (dative masculine plural)
xromamъ (dative feminine plural)
xromomъ (dative neuter plural)
xromy (accusative masculine plural)
xromy (accusative feminine plural)
xroma (accusative neuter plural)
xromy (instrumental masculine plural)
xromami (feminine instrumental plural)
xromy (instrumental neuter plural)
xroměxъ (locative masculine plural)
xromaxъ (feminine locative plural)
xroměxъ (locative neuter plural)
xromi (masculine plural vocative)
xromy (feminine plural vocative)
xroma (neuter plural vocative)
xromъjь (masculine nominative singular)
xromaja (feminine nominative singular)
xromoje (neuter nominative singular)
xromajego (genitive masculine singular)
xromyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
xromajego (genitive neuter singular)
xromujemu (dative masculine singular)
xroměji (dative feminine singular)
xromujemu (dative neuter singular)
xromъjь (accusative masculine singular)
xromǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
xromoje (accusative neuter singular)
xromyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
xromǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
xromyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
xromějemь (locative masculine singular)
xroměji (feminine locative singular)
xromějemь (locative neuter singular)
xromъjь (masculine singular vocative)
xromaja (feminine singular vocative)
xromoje (neuter singular vocative)
xromaja (dual masculine nominative)
xroměji (dual feminine nominative)
xroměji (dual neuter nominative)
xromuju (dual genitive masculine)
xromuju (dual feminine genitive)
xromuju (dual genitive neuter)
xromyjima (dative dual masculine)
xromyjima (dative dual feminine)
xromyjima (dative dual neuter)
xromaja (accusative dual masculine)
xroměji (accusative dual feminine)
xroměji (accusative dual neuter)
xromyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
xromyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
xromyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
xromuju (dual locative masculine)
xromuju (dual feminine locative)
xromuju (dual locative neuter)
xromaja (dual masculine vocative)
xroměji (dual feminine vocative)
xroměji (dual neuter vocative)
xromiji (masculine nominative plural)
xromyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
xromaja (neuter nominative plural)
xromъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
xromъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
xromъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
xromyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
xromyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
xromyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
xromyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
xromyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
xromaja (accusative neuter plural)
xromyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
xromyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
xromyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
xromyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
xromyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
xromyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
xromiji (masculine plural vocative)
xromyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
xromaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: хромъ (xromŭ)

Belarusian: хро́мы (xrómy)

Russian: хромо́й (xromój)

Ukrainian: хроми́й (xromýj)

Old Novgorodian: хроме (xrome)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: хромъ (xromŭ)

Glagolitic: ⱈⱃⱁⰿⱏ (xromŭ)

Bulgarian: хром (hrom)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: хро̏м

Latin script: hrȍm

Slovene: hrȍm (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: chromý

Czech: chromý

Polabian: chrüöme

desctree

Old Polish: chromy, chrom
Polish: chromy

Old Slovak: chromý

Slovak: chromý

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: сhrоmу

Upper Sorbian: khromy

* Per Derksen: From Proto-Indo-European *srómos (?), cognate with Sanskrit श्रम् (śram, “to be weary, tired”). Probably from the 0-grade of Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to wound”) + *-omъ (“present participle suffix”) (otherwise **stromъ would have been expected).
* Per Trubachev, Snoj: From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱrem-, cognate with the Sanskrit term and possibly Proto-Germanic *skramō (“scratch”) (whence German Schramme, Old Norse skrāma (“wound”)). Trubachev further suggests connection to Polish poskromić (“to subdue”).


jьlъ

jьlъ (nominative singular)
jьla (dual nominative)
jьli (nominative plural)
jьla (genitive singular)
jьlu (dual genitive)
jьlъ (genitive plural)
jьlu (dative singular)
jьloma (dative dual)
jьlomъ (dative plural)
jьlъ (accusative singular)
jьla (accusative dual)
jьly (accusative plural)
jьlъmь (instrumental singular)
jьlomь (instrumental singular)
jьloma (dual instrumental)
jьly (instrumental plural)
jьlě (locative singular)
jьlu (dual locative)
jьlěxъ (locative plural)
jьle (singular vocative)
jьla (dual vocative)
jьli (plural vocative)
*jьlo (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: илъ (ilŭ)

Old Ruthenian: илъ (il)

Belarusian: іл (il)

Ukrainian: ил (yl)

Russian: ил (il)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: илъ (ilŭ, “bog”)

Glagolitic script: ⰻⰾⱏ (ilŭ)

Bulgarian: ил (il)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ѝловача

Latin script: ìlovača

desc

Slovene: íl (“loam, clay”), jilo (“loam, clay”), ilo (“loam, clay”)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jíl

Czech: jíl (“silt, clay”)

Polish: ił (“clay, natural dampness of earth”), jеł (“clay, natural dampness of earth”) (dialectal)

Slovak: íl (“silt, clay”), il (“silt, clay”) (archaic)

Possibly rebuilt from u-stem *jìlъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ī́ˀlus, from Proto-Indo-European *(H)iHlús (“mud; dark”). Perhaps cognate with Latvian īls (“very dark”), Ancient Greek ἰλύς (ilús, “mud, slime”), εἰλύ (eilú, “very dark, black”).