žitъčiti

žitъčenьje (noun-from-verb)
žitъčiti (infinitive)
žitъčitъ (supine)
žitъčilъ (l-participle)
žitъčenъ (participle passive past)
žitъčimъ (participle passive present)
žitъčь (active participle past)
žitъčę (active participle present)
žitъčixъ (aorist first-person singular)
žitъči (aorist second-person singular)
žitъči (aorist singular third-person)
žitъčǫ (first-person present singular)
žitъčiši (present second-person singular)
žitъčitь (present singular third-person)
žitъčixově (aorist dual first-person)
žitъčista (aorist dual second-person)
žitъčiste (aorist dual third-person)
žitъčivě (dual first-person present)
žitъčita (dual present second-person)
žitъčite (dual present third-person)
žitъčixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
žitъčiste (aorist plural second-person)
žitъčišę (aorist plural third-person)
žitъčimъ (first-person plural present)
žitъčite (plural present second-person)
žitъčętь (plural present third-person)
žitъčaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
žitъčaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
žitъčaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
žitъči (imperative second-person singular)
žitъči (imperative singular third-person)
žitъčaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
žitъčaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
žitъčaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
žitъčivě (dual first-person imperative)
žitъčita (dual imperative second-person)
žitъčaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
žitъčaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
žitъčaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
žitъčimъ (first-person imperative plural)
žitъčite (imperative plural second-person)

West Slavic:

Czech: žičiti (dialectal)

Kashubian: żëczëc

Old Polish: życzyć

Polish: życzyć

desc

→ Old Ruthenian: зы́чыти (zýčyti), зы́чити (zýčiti), зи́чити (zíčiti)

Belarusian: зы́чыць (zýčycʹ)

Ukrainian: зи́чити (zýčyty); жи́чити (žýčyty) (dialectal)

→ Middle Russian: зы́чити (zýčiti) (16-17ᵗʰ c.)

Russian: зы́чить (zýčitʹ) (dialectal)

Slovak: žičiť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: žičić

Lower Sorbian: žycyś

Back-formation from *požitъčiti. May have been formed in post-Proto-Slavic.


požitъčiti

požitъčenьje (noun-from-verb)
požitъčiti (infinitive)
požitъčitъ (supine)
požitъčilъ (l-participle)
požitъčenъ (participle passive past)
požitъčimъ (participle passive present)
požitъčь (active participle past)
požitъčę (active participle present)
požitъčixъ (aorist first-person singular)
požitъči (aorist second-person singular)
požitъči (aorist singular third-person)
požitъčǫ (first-person present singular)
požitъčiši (present second-person singular)
požitъčitь (present singular third-person)
požitъčixově (aorist dual first-person)
požitъčista (aorist dual second-person)
požitъčiste (aorist dual third-person)
požitъčivě (dual first-person present)
požitъčita (dual present second-person)
požitъčite (dual present third-person)
požitъčixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
požitъčiste (aorist plural second-person)
požitъčišę (aorist plural third-person)
požitъčimъ (first-person plural present)
požitъčite (plural present second-person)
požitъčętь (plural present third-person)
požitъčaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
požitъčaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
požitъčaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
požitъči (imperative second-person singular)
požitъči (imperative singular third-person)
požitъčaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
požitъčaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
požitъčaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
požitъčivě (dual first-person imperative)
požitъčita (dual imperative second-person)
požitъčaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
požitъčaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
požitъčaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
požitъčimъ (first-person imperative plural)
požitъčite (imperative plural second-person)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: požitčiti

Czech: půjčit

Kashubian: pożëczëc

Old Polish: pożyczyć

Polish: pożyczyć

→ Old Ruthenian: позы́чыти (pozýčyti), позы́чити (pozýčiti), пози́чити (pozíčiti)

Belarusian: пазы́чыць (pazýčycʹ), позы́чыць (pozýčycʹ)

Ukrainian: пози́чити (pozýčyty)

→ Middle Russian: позы́чити (pozýčiti) (14ᵗʰ c.)

Russian: позы́чить (pozýčitʹ) (dialectal)

Slovak: požičať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: požycyś

From *požitъkъ (“use, profit, utility, usefulness”) + *-iti. May have been formed in post-Proto-Slavic.


turiti

turnǫti (perfective)
*turati (alternative)
tuřenьje (noun-from-verb)
turiti (infinitive)
turitъ (supine)
turilъ (l-participle)
tuřenъ (participle passive past)
turimъ (participle passive present)
tuřь (active participle past)
turę (active participle present)
turixъ (aorist first-person singular)
turi (aorist second-person singular)
turi (aorist singular third-person)
tuřǫ (first-person present singular)
turiši (present second-person singular)
turitь (present singular third-person)
turixově (aorist dual first-person)
turista (aorist dual second-person)
turiste (aorist dual third-person)
turivě (dual first-person present)
turita (dual present second-person)
turite (dual present third-person)
turixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
turiste (aorist plural second-person)
turišę (aorist plural third-person)
turimъ (first-person plural present)
turite (plural present second-person)
turętь (plural present third-person)
tuřaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tuřaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tuřaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
turi (imperative second-person singular)
turi (imperative singular third-person)
tuřaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tuřaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tuřaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
turivě (dual first-person imperative)
turita (dual imperative second-person)
tuřaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tuřaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tuřaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
turimъ (first-person imperative plural)
turite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: туры́ць (turýcʹ)

Russian: тури́ть (turítʹ) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: тури́ти (turýty)

South Slavic

desc

⇒ Bulgarian: ту́ркам (túrkam) (dialectal) (+ *-ъkati)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ту̏рити, ту́рати

Latin script: tȕriti, túrati

Slovene: túrati (tonal orthography) (with a-conjugation)

Uncertain:
* Skok: Possibly of expressive or onomatopoeic origin.
* Sobolevsky: Related to Proto-Slavic *turъ (“auroch”), perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tew- (“to strike, to push”). Dismissed by Vasmer.


turiti

tuřati (imperfective)
tuřenьje (noun-from-verb)
turiti (infinitive)
turitъ (supine)
turilъ (l-participle)
tuřenъ (participle passive past)
tuřь (active participle past)
turixъ (aorist first-person singular)
turi (aorist second-person singular)
turi (aorist singular third-person)
tuřǫ (first-person present singular)
turiši (present second-person singular)
turitь (present singular third-person)
turixově (aorist dual first-person)
turista (aorist dual second-person)
turiste (aorist dual third-person)
turivě (dual first-person present)
turita (dual present second-person)
turite (dual present third-person)
turixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
turiste (aorist plural second-person)
turišę (aorist plural third-person)
turimъ (first-person plural present)
turite (plural present second-person)
turętь (plural present third-person)
turi (imperative second-person singular)
turi (imperative singular third-person)
turivě (dual first-person imperative)
turita (dual imperative second-person)
turimъ (first-person imperative plural)
turite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic

Bulgarian: ту́ря (túrja)

Macedonian: тури (turi)

Per Mladenov, possibly of Proto-Balto-Slavic origin, akin to stative Lithuanian turėti (“to have”), Latvian turēt (“to hold”).
Some authors equate the perfective verb with Etymology 1, however, in view of the semantic mismatch between Bulgarian туря́м (turjám, “to put, to place”) versus вту́рвам се (vtúrvam se, “to rush, to dart”) (the later descendant from *turnǫti pf (“to chase”)) the two homophones most likely are unrelated.

cog

(regional) to provide, to put, to set up


dolь

dolь (nominative singular)
doli (dual nominative)
doli (nominative plural)
doli (genitive singular)
dolьju (dual genitive)
dolьjь (genitive plural)
doli (dative singular)
dolьma (dative dual)
dolьmъ (dative plural)
dolь (accusative singular)
doli (accusative dual)
doli (accusative plural)
dolьjǫ (instrumental singular)
dolьma (dual instrumental)
dolьmi (instrumental plural)
doli (locative singular)
dolьju (dual locative)
dolьxъ (locative plural)
doli (singular vocative)
doli (dual vocative)
doli (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: доль (dolĭ)

Old Ruthenian: долъ (dol)

Russian: доль (dolʹ) (dialectal)

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *dális, from Proto-Indo-European *delh₁- (“to split, divide”). Cognate with Lithuanian dali̇̀s, Latvian dalis, Sanskrit दलि (dali).

der

East Slavic form of *doľa (“share, lot; fate”):


grěza

*grězъ (alternative)
grěza (nominative singular)
grězě (dual nominative)
grězy (nominative plural)
grězy (genitive singular)
grězu (dual genitive)
grězъ (genitive plural)
grězě (dative singular)
grězama (dative dual)
grězamъ (dative plural)
grězǫ (accusative singular)
grězě (accusative dual)
grězy (accusative plural)
grězojǫ (instrumental singular)
grězǫ (instrumental singular)
grězama (dual instrumental)
grězami (instrumental plural)
grězě (locative singular)
grězu (dual locative)
grězasъ (locative plural)
grězaxъ (locative plural)
grězo (singular vocative)
grězě (dual vocative)
grězy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: грѣза (grěza), грѣзъ m (grězŭ)

Russian: гре́за (gréza); грёза (grjóza) (possibly from earlier *grьza), грезь (grezʹ)

South Slavic:

desc

⇒ Old Church Slavonic: съгрѣза (sŭgrěza, “confusion”)

Not entirely clear. Possibly related to Lithuanian graižùs (“deformed, awry”), grai̇̃žas (“rim”), Latvian greizs (“slant, crooked”).
Some dialectal forms seem to have merged with the descendants of Proto-Slavic *gręzь, *gręza (“sludge, grime, mess”).


bъxъ

bъxъ (nominative singular)
bъxa (dual nominative)
bъśi (nominative plural)
bъxa (genitive singular)
bъxu (dual genitive)
bъxъ (genitive plural)
bъxu (dative singular)
bъxoma (dative dual)
bъxomъ (dative plural)
bъxъ (accusative singular)
bъxa (accusative dual)
bъxy (accusative plural)
bъxъmь (instrumental singular)
bъxomь (instrumental singular)
bъxoma (dual instrumental)
bъxy (instrumental plural)
bъśě (locative singular)
bъxu (dual locative)
bъśěxъ (locative plural)
bъše (singular vocative)
bъxa (dual vocative)
bъśi (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

⇒ Old Church Slavonic: бъхъма (bŭxŭma, “totally, entirely”) (adverb)

Bulgarian: бъх (bǎh) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ба̏х

Latin script: bȁh

Related via ablaut to Proto-Slavic *buxati (“to bang, to strike”).

cog

cover-up, concealment, denial (of information, truth)


vajati

a (accent-paradigm)
vajanьje (noun-from-verb)
vajati (infinitive)
vajatъ (supine)
vajalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
vajanъ (participle passive past)
vajemъ (participle passive present)
vajavъ (active participle past)
vaję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
vajaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
vaja (aorist second-person singular)
vaja (aorist singular third-person)
vajǫ (first-person present singular)
vaješi (present second-person singular)
vajetь (present singular third-person)
vajaxově (aorist dual first-person)
vajasta (aorist dual second-person)
vajaste (aorist dual third-person)
vajevě (dual first-person present)
vajeta (dual present second-person)
vajete (dual present third-person)
vajaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vajaste (aorist plural second-person)
vajašę (aorist plural third-person)
vajemъ (first-person plural present)
vajete (plural present second-person)
vajǫtь (plural present third-person)
vajaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vajaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vajaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vaji (imperative second-person singular)
vaji (imperative singular third-person)
vajaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vajaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vajaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vajivě (dual first-person imperative)
vajita (dual imperative second-person)
vajaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vajaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vajaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
vajite (imperative plural second-person)
a (accent-paradigm)
vajanьje (noun-from-verb)
vajati (infinitive)
vajatъ (supine)
vajalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
vajanъ (participle passive past)
vajajemъ (participle passive present)
vajavъ (active participle past)
vajaję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
vajaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
vaja (aorist second-person singular)
vaja (aorist singular third-person)
vajajǫ (first-person present singular)
vajaješi (present second-person singular)
vajajetь (present singular third-person)
vajaxově (aorist dual first-person)
vajasta (aorist dual second-person)
vajaste (aorist dual third-person)
vajajevě (dual first-person present)
vajajeta (dual present second-person)
vajajete (dual present third-person)
vajaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vajaste (aorist plural second-person)
vajašę (aorist plural third-person)
vajajemъ (first-person plural present)
vajajete (plural present second-person)
vajajǫtь (plural present third-person)
vajaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vajaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vajaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vajaji (imperative second-person singular)
vajaji (imperative singular third-person)
vajaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vajaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vajaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vajajivě (dual first-person imperative)
vajajita (dual imperative second-person)
vajaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vajaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vajaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vajajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
vajajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ваꙗти (vajati)

→ Old East Slavic: ваꙗти (vajati)

Old Ruthenian: ваꙗ́ти (vajáti)

Russian: вая́ть (vajátʹ)

Bulgarian: ва́я (vája), ва́ям (vájam)

Macedonian: ва́ја (vája)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ва́јати

Latin script: vájati

Possibly related via ablaut to Proto-Slavic *viti (“to turn, to curve”), *vojь (“turn, twist”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁y- (“to twist, to weave”). Nearly exact match is Sanskrit वयति (vayati, “to spin, to weave”) from standard thematic Proto-Indo-European *wéh₁y-e-ti, however, this etymology is inconsistent with the o-grade of the Slavic verb.
Only the antiquity of South Slavic descendants is certain. On this account, Georgiev does not exclude borrowing from Oghur, from Proto-Turkic *ōy- (“to carve, to peck”) (whence Turkish oymak (“to cut”)).


zovъ

zovъ (nominative singular)
zova (dual nominative)
zovi (nominative plural)
zova (genitive singular)
zovu (dual genitive)
zovъ (genitive plural)
zovu (dative singular)
zovoma (dative dual)
zovomъ (dative plural)
zovъ (accusative singular)
zova (accusative dual)
zovy (accusative plural)
zovъmь (instrumental singular)
zovomь (instrumental singular)
zovoma (dual instrumental)
zovy (instrumental plural)
zově (locative singular)
zovu (dual locative)
zověxъ (locative plural)
zove (singular vocative)
zova (dual vocative)
zovi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: зов (zov)

Ukrainian: зов (zov)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: зов (zov)

Macedonian: зов (zov)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: зо̑в

Latin script: zȏv

According to BER, a deverbal of *zъvati (“to call”).


klekotъ

klekotъ (nominative singular)
klekota (dual nominative)
klekoti (nominative plural)
klekota (genitive singular)
klekotu (dual genitive)
klekotъ (genitive plural)
klekotu (dative singular)
klekotoma (dative dual)
klekotomъ (dative plural)
klekotъ (accusative singular)
klekota (accusative dual)
klekoty (accusative plural)
klekotъmь (instrumental singular)
klekotomь (instrumental singular)
klekotoma (dual instrumental)
klekoty (instrumental plural)
klekotě (locative singular)
klekotu (dual locative)
klekotěxъ (locative plural)
klekote (singular vocative)
klekota (dual vocative)
klekoti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: клёкат (kljókat)

Russian: клёкот (kljókot)

Ukrainian: кле́кiт (klékit)

South Slavic:

desc

Macedonian: кљакот (kljakot) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Czech: klekot

Polish: klekot

Slovak: klekot

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: klekot

Lower Sorbian: klekot

It can be analyzed as a deverbal of *klekati.


prokaza

prokaza (nominative singular)
prokazě (dual nominative)
prokazy (nominative plural)
prokazy (genitive singular)
prokazu (dual genitive)
prokazъ (genitive plural)
prokazě (dative singular)
prokazama (dative dual)
prokazamъ (dative plural)
prokazǫ (accusative singular)
prokazě (accusative dual)
prokazy (accusative plural)
prokazojǫ (instrumental singular)
prokazǫ (instrumental singular)
prokazama (dual instrumental)
prokazami (instrumental plural)
prokazě (locative singular)
prokazu (dual locative)
prokazasъ (locative plural)
prokazaxъ (locative plural)
prokazo (singular vocative)
prokazě (dual vocative)
prokazy (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: проказа (prokaza)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⱃⱁⰽⰰⰸⰰ (prokaza)

Bulgarian: прока̀за (prokàza)


xyba

xyba (nominative singular)
xybě (dual nominative)
xyby (nominative plural)
xyby (genitive singular)
xybu (dual genitive)
xybъ (genitive plural)
xybě (dative singular)
xybama (dative dual)
xybamъ (dative plural)
xybǫ (accusative singular)
xybě (accusative dual)
xyby (accusative plural)
xybojǫ (instrumental singular)
xybǫ (instrumental singular)
xybama (dual instrumental)
xybami (instrumental plural)
xybě (locative singular)
xybu (dual locative)
xybasъ (locative plural)
xybaxъ (locative plural)
xybo (singular vocative)
xybě (dual vocative)
xyby (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old Ruthenian: хиба (xiba), хыба (xyba)

Belarusian: хі́ба (xíba), хіба́ (xibá) (particle, conjunction)

Ukrainian: хи́ба (xýba), хіба́ (xibá) (particle, conjunction)

Russian: хи́ба (xíba) (particle, dialectal)

South Slavic:

Slovene: híba (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: chëba

Old Czech: chyba
Czech: chyba

Polish: chyba

Silesian: chyba

Old Slovak: chyba

Pannonian Rusyn: хиба (xiba)

Slovak: chyba

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: chyba

Upper Sorbian: khiba

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: hiba


lęťa

lę́ťa (canonical feminine)
lęťa (nominative singular)
lęťi (dual nominative)
lęťę̇ (nominative plural)
lęťę̇ (genitive singular)
lęťu (dual genitive)
lęťь (genitive plural)
lęťi (dative singular)
lęťama (dative dual)
lęťamъ (dative plural)
lęťǫ (accusative singular)
lęťi (accusative dual)
lęťę̇ (accusative plural)
lęťejǫ (instrumental singular)
lęťǫ (instrumental singular)
lęťama (dual instrumental)
lęťami (instrumental plural)
lęťi (locative singular)
lęťu (dual locative)
lęťasъ (locative plural)
lęťaxъ (locative plural)
lęťe (singular vocative)
lęťi (dual vocative)
lęťę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: лѧча (lęča), лѧца (lęca)

Russian: ляча (ljača) (obsolete ?)

→ Latvian: lēca

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: лѧща (lęšta)

Glagolitic script: ⰾⱔⱋⰰ (lęšta)

Bulgarian: ле́ща (léšta)

Macedonian: леќа (leḱa)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ле́ћа

Latin script: léća

Slovene: lẹ́ča (tonal orthography) (‹ *lęča)

→ Hungarian: lencse (“lentil”)

→ Ukrainian: ле́нча (lénča), ли́нча (lýnča), ле́мша (lémša)

Probably a wandering word from an unknown substrate (potentially non-Indo-European). Cognate with Lithuanian lęšis, Old High German linsa, Latin lēns. Vasmer excludes a direct borrowing from Germanic or Latin for phonetic reasons.
In some daughter languages, the lentil seeds are alternatively called with the generic term *sočivo, *sočevica (literally: “juicy commodity”), indicating that the crop was introduced among Slavic people in several stages. The first secure attestation of the plant in Northeastern Europe dates to XIII century.


kopytьnikъ

kopytьnikъ (nominative singular)
kopytьnika (dual nominative)
kopytьnici (nominative plural)
kopytьnika (genitive singular)
kopytьniku (dual genitive)
kopytьnikъ (genitive plural)
kopytьniku (dative singular)
kopytьnikoma (dative dual)
kopytьnikomъ (dative plural)
kopytьnikъ (accusative singular)
kopytьnika (accusative dual)
kopytьniky (accusative plural)
kopytьnikъmь (instrumental singular)
kopytьnikomь (instrumental singular)
kopytьnikoma (dual instrumental)
kopytьniky (instrumental plural)
kopytьnicě (locative singular)
kopytьniku (dual locative)
kopytьnicěxъ (locative plural)
kopytьniče (singular vocative)
kopytьnika (dual vocative)
kopytьnici (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: копꙑтникъ (kopytnikŭ, “Asarum europaeum”)

Russian: копы́тень (kopýtenʹ), dialectally копы́тник (kopýtnik)

Ukrainian: копи́тник (kopýtnyk), копитня́к (kopytnják, “Asarum europaeum”)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: копи́тник (kopítnik), dialectally копи́тняк (kopítnjak, “Asarum europaeum”)

Serbo-Croatian: (“Asarum europaeum, Tussilago farfara; hoof nipper”)

Cyrillic script: ко̀питња̄к, dialectally ко̀питник

Latin script: kòpitnjāk, dialectally kòpitnik

Slovene: kopȋtnik (“Asarum europaeum; hoof nipper”)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kopytník

Czech: kopytník

Old Polish: kopytnik

Polish: kopytnik

Slovak: kopytník

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kopytnik

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: kopotnyak, kapotnyak (“Asarum europaeum”)

→? Romanian: popílnic, pochivnic, popâlnic, popivnic, potivnic, pochirnic

From *kopyto + *-ьnikъ, so called because of the form of its leaf, which is evident because Asarum europaeum and Tussilago farfara are unrelated but have a similarly looking leaf.


sǫgubъ

sǫgubъ (masculine nominative singular)
sǫguba (feminine nominative singular)
sǫgubo (neuter nominative singular)
sǫguba (genitive masculine singular)
sǫguby (feminine genitive singular)
sǫguba (genitive neuter singular)
sǫgubu (dative masculine singular)
sǫgubě (dative feminine singular)
sǫgubu (dative neuter singular)
sǫgubъ (accusative masculine singular)
sǫgubǫ (accusative feminine singular)
sǫgubo (accusative neuter singular)
sǫgubomь (instrumental masculine singular)
sǫgubojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
sǫgubomь (instrumental neuter singular)
sǫgubě (locative masculine singular)
sǫgubě (feminine locative singular)
sǫgubě (locative neuter singular)
sǫgube (masculine singular vocative)
sǫgubo (feminine singular vocative)
sǫgubo (neuter singular vocative)
sǫguba (dual masculine nominative)
sǫgubě (dual feminine nominative)
sǫgubě (dual neuter nominative)
sǫgubu (dual genitive masculine)
sǫgubu (dual feminine genitive)
sǫgubu (dual genitive neuter)
sǫguboma (dative dual masculine)
sǫgubama (dative dual feminine)
sǫguboma (dative dual neuter)
sǫguba (accusative dual masculine)
sǫgubě (accusative dual feminine)
sǫgubě (accusative dual neuter)
sǫguboma (dual instrumental masculine)
sǫgubama (dual feminine instrumental)
sǫguboma (dual instrumental neuter)
sǫgubu (dual locative masculine)
sǫgubu (dual feminine locative)
sǫgubu (dual locative neuter)
sǫguba (dual masculine vocative)
sǫgubě (dual feminine vocative)
sǫgubě (dual neuter vocative)
sǫgubi (masculine nominative plural)
sǫguby (feminine nominative plural)
sǫguba (neuter nominative plural)
sǫgubъ (genitive masculine plural)
sǫgubъ (feminine genitive plural)
sǫgubъ (genitive neuter plural)
sǫgubomъ (dative masculine plural)
sǫgubamъ (dative feminine plural)
sǫgubomъ (dative neuter plural)
sǫguby (accusative masculine plural)
sǫguby (accusative feminine plural)
sǫguba (accusative neuter plural)
sǫguby (instrumental masculine plural)
sǫgubami (feminine instrumental plural)
sǫguby (instrumental neuter plural)
sǫguběxъ (locative masculine plural)
sǫgubaxъ (feminine locative plural)
sǫguběxъ (locative neuter plural)
sǫgubi (masculine plural vocative)
sǫguby (feminine plural vocative)
sǫguba (neuter plural vocative)
sǫgubъjь (masculine nominative singular)
sǫgubaja (feminine nominative singular)
sǫguboje (neuter nominative singular)
sǫgubajego (genitive masculine singular)
sǫgubyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
sǫgubajego (genitive neuter singular)
sǫgubujemu (dative masculine singular)
sǫguběji (dative feminine singular)
sǫgubujemu (dative neuter singular)
sǫgubъjь (accusative masculine singular)
sǫgubǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
sǫguboje (accusative neuter singular)
sǫgubyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
sǫgubǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
sǫgubyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
sǫgubějemь (locative masculine singular)
sǫguběji (feminine locative singular)
sǫgubějemь (locative neuter singular)
sǫgubъjь (masculine singular vocative)
sǫgubaja (feminine singular vocative)
sǫguboje (neuter singular vocative)
sǫgubaja (dual masculine nominative)
sǫguběji (dual feminine nominative)
sǫguběji (dual neuter nominative)
sǫgubuju (dual genitive masculine)
sǫgubuju (dual feminine genitive)
sǫgubuju (dual genitive neuter)
sǫgubyjima (dative dual masculine)
sǫgubyjima (dative dual feminine)
sǫgubyjima (dative dual neuter)
sǫgubaja (accusative dual masculine)
sǫguběji (accusative dual feminine)
sǫguběji (accusative dual neuter)
sǫgubyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
sǫgubyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
sǫgubyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
sǫgubuju (dual locative masculine)
sǫgubuju (dual feminine locative)
sǫgubuju (dual locative neuter)
sǫgubaja (dual masculine vocative)
sǫguběji (dual feminine vocative)
sǫguběji (dual neuter vocative)
sǫgubiji (masculine nominative plural)
sǫgubyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
sǫgubaja (neuter nominative plural)
sǫgubъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
sǫgubъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
sǫgubъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
sǫgubyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
sǫgubyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
sǫgubyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
sǫgubyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
sǫgubyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
sǫgubaja (accusative neuter plural)
sǫgubyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
sǫgubyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
sǫgubyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
sǫgubyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
sǫgubyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
sǫgubyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
sǫgubiji (masculine plural vocative)
sǫgubyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
sǫgubaja (neuter plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: соугоубъ (sugubŭ), соугоубь (sugubĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱆⰳⱆⰱⱏ (sugubŭ), ⱄⱆⰳⱆⰱⱐ (sugubĭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: су̀губ

Latin script: sùgub

From *sǫ- + *gub.
Compare *gъbnǫti (“to bend”), further, Old Prussian dwigubbus and Lithuanian dvi̇̀gubas.


protivьnikъ

protivьnikъ (nominative singular)
protivьnika (dual nominative)
protivьnici (nominative plural)
protivьnika (genitive singular)
protivьniku (dual genitive)
protivьnikъ (genitive plural)
protivьniku (dative singular)
protivьnikoma (dative dual)
protivьnikomъ (dative plural)
protivьnikъ (accusative singular)
protivьnika (accusative dual)
protivьniky (accusative plural)
protivьnikъmь (instrumental singular)
protivьnikomь (instrumental singular)
protivьnikoma (dual instrumental)
protivьniky (instrumental plural)
protivьnicě (locative singular)
protivьniku (dual locative)
protivьnicěxъ (locative plural)
protivьniče (singular vocative)
protivьnika (dual vocative)
protivьnici (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old Ruthenian: проти́вникъ (protívnik)

Belarusian: праці́ўнік (pracíŭnik)

Ukrainian: проти́вник (protývnyk)

Russian: проти́вник (protívnik)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: противьникъ (protivĭnikŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⱃⱁⱅⰺⰲⱐⱀⰺⰽⱏ (protivĭnikŭ)

Bulgarian: проти́вник (protívnik)

Macedonian: противник (protivnik)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: про̀тӣвнӣк

Latin script: pròtīvnīk

West Slavic:

Old Czech: protivník
Czech: protivník

desctree

Old Polish: przeciwnik
Polish: przeciwnik
Silesian: przeciwnik

Old Slovak: protivník
Pannonian Rusyn: процивнїк (procivnjik)
Slovak: protivník

Slovincian: prôcywnjik


polti

b (accent-paradigm)
poltьje (noun-from-verb)
polti (infinitive)
poltъ (supine)
pollъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
poltъ (participle passive past)
poľemъ (participle passive present)
polvъ (active participle past)
poľę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
polsъ (aorist first-person singular)
pol (aorist second-person singular)
pol (aorist singular third-person)
poľǫ (first-person present singular)
poľeši (present second-person singular)
poľetь (present singular third-person)
polsově (aorist dual first-person)
polsta (aorist dual second-person)
polste (aorist dual third-person)
poľevě (dual first-person present)
poľeta (dual present second-person)
poľete (dual present third-person)
polsomъ (aorist first-person plural)
polste (aorist plural second-person)
polsę (aorist plural third-person)
poľemъ (first-person plural present)
poľete (plural present second-person)
poľǫtь (plural present third-person)
poľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
poľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
poľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
poľi (imperative second-person singular)
poľi (imperative singular third-person)
poľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
poľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
poľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
poľivě (dual first-person imperative)
poľita (dual imperative second-person)
poľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
poľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
poľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
poľimъ (first-person imperative plural)
poľite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Slovene: pláti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Polish: płóć

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: płóć

From Proto-Indo-European *pelH-, according to Snoj more particularly from *pelh₁- (“to fill, to wrap up”). Probably akin to Lithuanian pi̇̀lti (“to pour”).


polti

South Slavic:

Slovene: pláti (tonal orthography) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: pláti

Czech: plát

Old Slovak: pláť

Slovak: pláť


myliti

myľenьje (noun-from-verb)
myliti (infinitive)
mylitъ (supine)
mylilъ (l-participle)
myľenъ (participle passive past)
mylimъ (participle passive present)
myľь (active participle past)
mylę (active participle present)
mylixъ (aorist first-person singular)
myli (aorist second-person singular)
myli (aorist singular third-person)
myľǫ (first-person present singular)
myliši (present second-person singular)
mylitь (present singular third-person)
mylixově (aorist dual first-person)
mylista (aorist dual second-person)
myliste (aorist dual third-person)
mylivě (dual first-person present)
mylita (dual present second-person)
mylite (dual present third-person)
mylixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
myliste (aorist plural second-person)
mylišę (aorist plural third-person)
mylimъ (first-person plural present)
mylite (plural present second-person)
mylętь (plural present third-person)
myľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
myľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
myľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
myli (imperative second-person singular)
myli (imperative singular third-person)
myľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
myľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
myľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mylivě (dual first-person imperative)
mylita (dual imperative second-person)
myľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
myľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
myľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mylimъ (first-person imperative plural)
mylite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old Ruthenian: мыли́ти (mylíti)

Belarusian: мыля́ць (myljácʹ); мыли́цьца (mylícʹca)

Ukrainian: мили́ти (mylýty)

Russian: мы́лить (mýlitʹ)

West Slavic

Old Czech: mýliti

Czech: mýlit

Polish: mylić

Slovak: mýliť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: moliś

Upper Sorbian: mylić

By surface analysis, *mylo (“fault”) + *-iti (attested in Belarusian мыло́ (myló, “fallacity”)). Further origin - unclear.
Trubačev (ESSJa) hypothesizes descent from Proto-Indo-European *mel- (“lie, malice”), related within Balto-Slavic with Lithuanian mẽlas (“lie”), muldýti (“to talk nonsense”), Latvian muldêt (“to babble, to twaddle”), possibly Proto-Slavic *molmoliti (“to murmur, to gurgle”). Doubted by Vasmer.


vьrati

c (accent-paradigm)
vьranьje (noun-from-verb)
vьrati (infinitive)
vьratъ (supine)
vьralъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
vьranъ (participle passive past)
vьromъ (participle passive present)
vьravъ (active participle past)
vьry (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
vьraxъ (aorist first-person singular)
vьra (aorist second-person singular)
vьra (aorist singular third-person)
vьrǫ (first-person present singular)
vьreši (present second-person singular)
vьretь (present singular third-person)
vьraxově (aorist dual first-person)
vьrasta (aorist dual second-person)
vьraste (aorist dual third-person)
vьrevě (dual first-person present)
vьreta (dual present second-person)
vьrete (dual present third-person)
vьraxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vьraste (aorist plural second-person)
vьrašę (aorist plural third-person)
vьremъ (first-person plural present)
vьrete (plural present second-person)
vьrǫtь (plural present third-person)
vьraaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vьraaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vьraaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vьri (imperative second-person singular)
vьri (imperative singular third-person)
vьraaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vьraašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vьraašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vьrěvě (dual first-person imperative)
vьrěta (dual imperative second-person)
vьraaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vьraašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vьraaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vьrěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
vьrěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: врать (vratʹ)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian: (with re-analyzed conjugation)

Cyrillic script: ва̏рати

Latin script: vȁrati

From Proto-Indo-European *werh₁- (“to speak”) or onomatopoeic.

der

(secondary) to lie, to deceive, to swindle


pъrtъ

ръrtъ (canonical masculine)
pъrtъ (nominative singular)
pъrta (dual nominative)
pъrti (nominative plural)
pъrta (genitive singular)
pъrtu (dual genitive)
pъrtъ (genitive plural)
pъrtu (dative singular)
pъrtoma (dative dual)
pъrtomъ (dative plural)
pъrtъ (accusative singular)
pъrta (accusative dual)
pъrty (accusative plural)
pъrtъmь (instrumental singular)
pъrtomь (instrumental singular)
pъrtoma (dual instrumental)
pъrty (instrumental plural)
pъrtě (locative singular)
pъrtu (dual locative)
pъrtěxъ (locative plural)
pъrte (singular vocative)
pъrta (dual vocative)
pъrti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: пъртъ (pŭrtŭ)

Belarusian: порт (port)

desc

Russian: порт (port), порты́ (portý), портки́ (portkí)

Ukrainian: порт (port)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: прътъ (prŭtŭ)

⇒ Bulgarian: пъртуши́на (pǎrtušína)

⇒ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пр̀тен

Latin script: pr̀ten

Slovene: pr̀t (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: prt

Polish: part


zajukъ

East Slavic:

Belarusian: заю́к (zajúk) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: за́юк (zájuk) (dialectal)


zajьka

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *заика (*zaika)

Middle Russian: заика (zaika)

Russian: за́йка (zájka); за́йко (zájko) (dialectal)

⇒ Russian: зайчо́нок (zajčónok)

Old Ruthenian: *зайка (*zajka)

Belarusian: за́йка (zájka)

Ukrainian: за́йка (zájka)


plǫtati

plǫtanьje (noun-from-verb)
plǫtati (infinitive)
plǫtatъ (supine)
plǫtalъ (l-participle)
plǫtanъ (participle passive past)
plǫtajemъ (participle passive present)
plǫtavъ (active participle past)
plǫtaję (active participle present)
plǫtaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
plǫta (aorist second-person singular)
plǫta (aorist singular third-person)
plǫtajǫ (first-person present singular)
plǫtaješi (present second-person singular)
plǫtajetь (present singular third-person)
plǫtaxově (aorist dual first-person)
plǫtasta (aorist dual second-person)
plǫtaste (aorist dual third-person)
plǫtajevě (dual first-person present)
plǫtajeta (dual present second-person)
plǫtajete (dual present third-person)
plǫtaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
plǫtaste (aorist plural second-person)
plǫtašę (aorist plural third-person)
plǫtajemъ (first-person plural present)
plǫtajete (plural present second-person)
plǫtajǫtь (plural present third-person)
plǫtaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
plǫtaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
plǫtaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
plǫtaji (imperative second-person singular)
plǫtaji (imperative singular third-person)
plǫtaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
plǫtaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
plǫtaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
plǫtajivě (dual first-person imperative)
plǫtajita (dual imperative second-person)
plǫtaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
plǫtaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
plǫtaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
plǫtajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
plǫtajite (imperative plural second-person)
*plętati (alternative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: плу́таць (plútacʹ)

Russian: плута́ть (plutátʹ)

Ukrainian: плу́тати (plútaty)

West Slavic:

Old Polish: plątać (with e-grade)

Polish: plątać, plętać

→ Ukrainian: пльо́нтати (plʹóntaty), пле́нтати (pléntaty)

From the root of Proto-Slavic *plęsti (“to tangle”), *plǫtъ (“swindle”) + *-ati.


peľati

peľanьje (noun-from-verb)
peľati (infinitive)
peľatъ (supine)
peľalъ (l-participle)
peľanъ (participle passive past)
peľajemъ (participle passive present)
peľavъ (active participle past)
peľaję (active participle present)
peľaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
peľa (aorist second-person singular)
peľa (aorist singular third-person)
peľajǫ (first-person present singular)
peľaješi (present second-person singular)
peľajetь (present singular third-person)
peľaxově (aorist dual first-person)
peľasta (aorist dual second-person)
peľaste (aorist dual third-person)
peľajevě (dual first-person present)
peľajeta (dual present second-person)
peľajete (dual present third-person)
peľaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
peľaste (aorist plural second-person)
peľašę (aorist plural third-person)
peľajemъ (first-person plural present)
peľajete (plural present second-person)
peľajǫtь (plural present third-person)
peľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
peľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
peľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
peľaji (imperative second-person singular)
peľaji (imperative singular third-person)
peľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
peľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
peľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
peľajivě (dual first-person imperative)
peľajita (dual imperative second-person)
peľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
peľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
peľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
peľajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
peľajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: пеле́я (peléja) (dialectal)

⇒ Bulgarian: пиле́я (piléja), пи́лям (píljam, “to misspend, to squander”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пѐљати

Latin script: pèljati

Slovene: peljáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Polish: pielać (“to hurry”)

Slovak: peľať

From Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂- (“to propel, to drive”), via obsolescent *pelti + *-jati. The later is attested in obsolete Slovene plẹ́ti (1p. sg. pres. pelem).
The Bulgarian descendant has merged with the reflex of unrelated Proto-Slavic *pylěti, *pyľati (“to dissipate”).


pověstь

pověstь (nominative singular)
pověsti (dual nominative)
pověsti (nominative plural)
pověsti (genitive singular)
pověstьju (dual genitive)
pověstьjь (genitive plural)
pověsti (dative singular)
pověstьma (dative dual)
pověstьmъ (dative plural)
pověstь (accusative singular)
pověsti (accusative dual)
pověsti (accusative plural)
pověstьjǫ (instrumental singular)
pověstьma (dual instrumental)
pověstьmi (instrumental plural)
pověsti (locative singular)
pověstьju (dual locative)
pověstьxъ (locative plural)
pověsti (singular vocative)
pověsti (dual vocative)
pověsti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: повѣсть (pověstĭ)

Belarusian: апо́весць (apóvjescʹ) / апо́весьць

Russian: по́весть (póvestʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: по́вість (póvistʹ)

Ukrainian: по́вість (póvistʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: повѣсть (pověstĭ)

Bulgarian: по́вест (póvest)

Serbo-Croatian:

Serbo-Croatian: pȍvijēst

Serbo-Croatian: pȍvēst

Slovene: povést (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: pověst

Kashubian: pòwiesc

Polish: powieść

Slovak: povesť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: powěsć

From *po- + *věstь, from an earlier *povĕdtь.


piľukъ

*piľakъ (alternative)
*piľuxъ (alternative)
*piľuga (alternative)
*pilęga (alternative)
piľukъ (nominative singular)
piľuka (dual nominative)
piľuci (nominative plural)
piľuka (genitive singular)
piľuku (dual genitive)
piľukъ (genitive plural)
piľuku (dative singular)
piľukoma (dative dual)
piľukomъ (dative plural)
piľukъ (accusative singular)
piľuka (accusative dual)
piľuky (accusative plural)
piľukъmь (instrumental singular)
piľukomь (instrumental singular)
piľukoma (dual instrumental)
piľuky (instrumental plural)
piľucě (locative singular)
piľuku (dual locative)
piľucěxъ (locative plural)
piľuče (singular vocative)
piľuka (dual vocative)
piľuci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: пилю́к (piljúk) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: пилю́к (pyljúk) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: пи́люк (píljuk), пи́ля́к (pílják), пи́люг (píljug), пи́лек (pílek) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian: (dialectal)

Cyrillic script: пѝљуга, пѝљуx

Latin script: pìljuga, pìljuh

Slovene: piljúh

→ Czech: pilich

Probably from *pilę (“chick”) + *-ukъ, originally conveying “one that prays on chicken”.

a bird of pray (hawk, harrier, kite, falcon)


plьsky

plьsky (nominative singular)
plьskъvi (dual nominative)
plьskъvi (nominative plural)
plьskъve (genitive singular)
plьskъvu (dual genitive)
plьskъvъ (genitive plural)
plьskъvi (dative singular)
plьskъvьma (dative dual)
plьskъvama (dative dual)
plьskъvьmъ (dative plural)
plьskъvamъ (dative plural)
plьskъvь (accusative singular)
plьskъvi (accusative dual)
plьskъvi (accusative plural)
plьskъvьjǫ (instrumental singular)
plьskъvľǫ (instrumental singular)
plьskъvьma (dual instrumental)
plьskъvama (dual instrumental)
plьskъvьmi (instrumental plural)
plьskъvami (instrumental plural)
plьskъve (locative singular)
plьskъvu (dual locative)
plьskъvьxъ (locative plural)
plьskъvaxъ (locative plural)
plьsky (singular vocative)
plьskъvi (dual vocative)
plьskъvi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

⇒ Old East Slavic: Пльсковъ (Plĭskovŭ), Пьсковъ (Pĭskovŭ)
Old Ruthenian: Псковъ (Pskov)
Belarusian: Пскоў (Pskoŭ)
Ukrainian: Псков (Pskov)
Russian: Псков (Pskov), Опско́в (Opskóv)
→ Middle Low German: Pleskow
German: Pleskau
→ English: Plescow, Pleskow, Pleskou
→ French: Plescou
→ Latvian: Pleskava, Pliskava
→ Estonian: Pihkva
→ Finnish: Pihkova

desc

⇒ Old Novgorodian: Пльскове (Plĭskove), Пьскове (Pĭskove)

⇒ Old Pskovian: Пльщове (Plĭśkove), Пьщове (Pĭśkove)

South Slavic:

⇒ Old Church Slavonic: Пльскова (Plĭskova)

→ Byzantine Greek: Πλίσκοβα (Plískoba), Πλίσκουβα (Plískouba), ΠΛΣΚΑ (PLSKA)

→ Bulgarian: Пли́ска (Plíska)

Cognate with Lithuanian pliskėti (“to clear out, to polish”), both from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pley- (“to split, to splice”). Further related to Proto-Slavic *plьxъ (“bald”) (whence Czech plchý), *plěšь (“bald”), Lithuanian pli̇̀kas (“bald”), Latvian pliks (“naked, bare”).


pleskъ

*plěskъ (alternative)
pleskъ (nominative singular)
pleska (dual nominative)
plesci (nominative plural)
pleska (genitive singular)
plesku (dual genitive)
pleskъ (genitive plural)
plesku (dative singular)
pleskoma (dative dual)
pleskomъ (dative plural)
pleskъ (accusative singular)
pleska (accusative dual)
plesky (accusative plural)
pleskъmь (instrumental singular)
pleskomь (instrumental singular)
pleskoma (dual instrumental)
plesky (instrumental plural)
plescě (locative singular)
plesku (dual locative)
plescěxъ (locative plural)
plešče (singular vocative)
pleska (dual vocative)
plesci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: пляск (pljask)

Russian: плеск (plesk)

Ukrainian: плеск (plesk)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: плескъ (pleskŭ)

West Slavic:

Czech: plesk

Polish: plesk

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: plesk

Synchronically, probably post-verbal from the inchoative *pleskati. Further origin: either onomatopoeic, coined on Balto-Slavic soil, or derived from Proto-Indo-European *plek- (“to hit, to strike; to flatten”) + *-skъ. Related to Lithuanian pleškė́ti (“to knock”), Latvian plekšêt (“to trample, to knock”).
Forms a family of variants/analogous onomatopoeia with Proto-Slavic *plěskъ, *pliskъ/*pliščь, *pľuskъ, *plaskъ.


plěskъ

plěskъ (nominative singular)
plěska (dual nominative)
plěsci (nominative plural)
plěska (genitive singular)
plěsku (dual genitive)
plěskъ (genitive plural)
plěsku (dative singular)
plěskoma (dative dual)
plěskomъ (dative plural)
plěskъ (accusative singular)
plěska (accusative dual)
plěsky (accusative plural)
plěskъmь (instrumental singular)
plěskomь (instrumental singular)
plěskoma (dual instrumental)
plěsky (instrumental plural)
plěscě (locative singular)
plěsku (dual locative)
plěscěxъ (locative plural)
plěšče (singular vocative)
plěska (dual vocative)
plěsci (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: плѣскъ (plěskŭ)

Bulgarian: пля́сък (pljásǎk)

Macedonian: пле́сок (plésok)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пље̑сак

Latin script: pljȇsak

West Slavic:

Polish: plask

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: plask

From *pleskъ via lengthening of the root vowel.


tvьrditi

tvьrďenьje (noun-from-verb)
tvьrditi (infinitive)
tvьrditъ (supine)
tvьrdilъ (l-participle)
tvьrďenъ (participle passive past)
tvьrdimъ (participle passive present)
tvьrďь (active participle past)
tvьrdę (active participle present)
tvьrdixъ (aorist first-person singular)
tvьrdi (aorist second-person singular)
tvьrdi (aorist singular third-person)
tvьrďǫ (first-person present singular)
tvьrdiši (present second-person singular)
tvьrditь (present singular third-person)
tvьrdixově (aorist dual first-person)
tvьrdista (aorist dual second-person)
tvьrdiste (aorist dual third-person)
tvьrdivě (dual first-person present)
tvьrdita (dual present second-person)
tvьrdite (dual present third-person)
tvьrdixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tvьrdiste (aorist plural second-person)
tvьrdišę (aorist plural third-person)
tvьrdimъ (first-person plural present)
tvьrdite (plural present second-person)
tvьrdętь (plural present third-person)
tvьrďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tvьrďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tvьrďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
tvьrdi (imperative second-person singular)
tvьrdi (imperative singular third-person)
tvьrďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tvьrďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tvьrďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tvьrdivě (dual first-person imperative)
tvьrdita (dual imperative second-person)
tvьrďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tvьrďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tvьrďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tvьrdimъ (first-person imperative plural)
tvьrdite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: тверди́ть (tverdítʹ)

Ukrainian: тве́рдити (tvérdyty)

South Slavic

Old Church Slavonic:

desc

Old Cyrillic script: тврьдити (tvrĭditi)

Bulgarian: твърдя̀ (tvǎrdjà)

Macedonian: тврди (tvrdi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: твр́дити

Latin script: tvŕditi

West Slavic

Old Czech: tvrditi

Czech: tvrdit

desctree

Old Polish: twierdzić, ćwirdzić, ćwierdzić, twirdzić
Polish: twierdzić
Silesian: twiyrdzić

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: cwierdzëc

Old Slovak:

Pannonian Rusyn: твердзиц (tverdzic)

From *tvьrdъ + *-iti. Compare Latin firmo for semantic development.


plaščь

pla̋ščь (canonical masculine)
plãščь (nominative singular)
plāščà (dual nominative)
plāščì (nominative plural)
plāščà (genitive singular)
plāščù (dual genitive)
plãščь (genitive plural)
plāščù (dative singular)
plāščèma (dative dual)
plãščemъ (dative plural)
plãščь (accusative singular)
plāščà (accusative dual)
plāščę̇̀ (accusative plural)
plāščь̀mь (instrumental singular)
plāščèmь (instrumental singular)
plāščèma (dual instrumental)
plãšči (instrumental plural)
plāščì (locative singular)
plāščù (dual locative)
plãščixъ (locative plural)
plašču (singular vocative)
plāščà (dual vocative)
plāščì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: плашч (plašč)

Russian: плащ (plašč)

Ukrainian: плащ (plašč)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: плащь (plaštĭ)

Bulgarian: плащ (plašt)

Macedonian: плашт (plašt)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пла̑шт

Latin script: plȃšt

Slovene: plášč (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: plášť

Polish: płaszcz

Slovak: plášť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: płаšć

Upper Sorbian: płаšć

Non-Slavic:

→ Lithuanian: plõštė

→ Old Prussian: ploaste

From Proto-Slavic *plastъ (“layer”) or *plaskъ(jь) (“flat”) + *-jь.


gogolъ

gogolica (feminine)
gogolъ (nominative singular)
gogola (dual nominative)
gogoli (nominative plural)
gogola (genitive singular)
gogolu (dual genitive)
gogolъ (genitive plural)
gogolu (dative singular)
gogoloma (dative dual)
gogolomъ (dative plural)
gogolъ (accusative singular)
gogola (accusative dual)
gogoly (accusative plural)
gogolъmь (instrumental singular)
gogolomь (instrumental singular)
gogoloma (dual instrumental)
gogoly (instrumental plural)
gogolě (locative singular)
gogolu (dual locative)
gogolěxъ (locative plural)
gogole (singular vocative)
gogola (dual vocative)
gogoli (plural vocative)
*gogoľь (alternative)

East Slavic:

desc

Russian: гого́л (gogól, “seagull; drake; duck”) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: gògol (“Podiceps cristatus”), gogol (“Bucephala clangula”) (dialectal)

Cyrillic script: го̀гол (“Podiceps cristatus”), гогол (“Bucephala clangula”) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: Hohol (personal name)

Old Polish: Gogoł (personal name)

Polish: gogoł (“Clangula glaucion; Mergellus albellus”)

⇒ Polish: gągoł

→ Czech: hohol (“Bucephala”)

→ Slovak: hohoľ (“Bucephala clangula”)

⇒ Polish: Gogołów, Gogolin (toponyms)

Sorbian

⇒ Lower Sorbian: Gogolow (toponym)

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: gogol, Gogolani (from unattested Bulgarian or Macedonian)

Probably inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gagalas. Cognates include Lithuanian gagalas, Old Prussian gegalis, probably Old Norse gagl, Hittite [script needed] (kallikalli-). By surface analysis, *gogotati + *-olъ.


kvapiti

*kvapati (alternative)
kvapľenьje (noun-from-verb)
kvapiti (infinitive)
kvapitъ (supine)
kvapilъ (l-participle)
kvapľenъ (participle passive past)
kvapimъ (participle passive present)
kvapľь (active participle past)
kvapę (active participle present)
kvapixъ (aorist first-person singular)
kvapi (aorist second-person singular)
kvapi (aorist singular third-person)
kvapľǫ (first-person present singular)
kvapiši (present second-person singular)
kvapitь (present singular third-person)
kvapixově (aorist dual first-person)
kvapista (aorist dual second-person)
kvapiste (aorist dual third-person)
kvapivě (dual first-person present)
kvapita (dual present second-person)
kvapite (dual present third-person)
kvapixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kvapiste (aorist plural second-person)
kvapišę (aorist plural third-person)
kvapimъ (first-person plural present)
kvapite (plural present second-person)
kvapętь (plural present third-person)
kvapľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kvapľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kvapľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kvapi (imperative second-person singular)
kvapi (imperative singular third-person)
kvapľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kvapľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kvapľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kvapivě (dual first-person imperative)
kvapita (dual imperative second-person)
kvapľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kvapľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kvapľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kvapimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kvapite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Belarusian: ква́піць (kvápicʹ), ква́піцца (kvápicca)

Russian: ква́пить (kvápitʹ), ква́питься (kvápitʹsja)

Ukrainian: ква́пити (kvápyty), ква́питися (kvápytysja)

South Slavic:

Slovene: kvapiti, kvapati

West Slavic

Czech: kvapit

Old Polish: kwapić

Polish: kwapić (archaic)

Slovak: kvapať

Equivalent to *kvapъ (“tension, charge, urge”) + *-iti, from Proto-Indo-European *kwep- (“to boil”). Akin to Lithuanian kvapi̇̀nti, kvapýti (“to scent”).

af

(probably originally) to set loose, to discharge, to release (pressure, stress, tension)


plesno

plesno (canonical neuter)
plesna (canonical feminine)
*pľusno (alternative)
*pľusna (alternative)
plesno (nominative singular)
plesně (dual nominative)
plesna (nominative plural)
plesna (genitive singular)
plesnu (dual genitive)
plesnъ (genitive plural)
plesnu (dative singular)
plesnoma (dative dual)
plesnomъ (dative plural)
plesno (accusative singular)
plesně (accusative dual)
plesna (accusative plural)
plesnъmь (instrumental singular)
plesnomь (instrumental singular)
plesnoma (dual instrumental)
plesny (instrumental plural)
plesně (locative singular)
plesnu (dual locative)
plesněxъ (locative plural)
plesno (singular vocative)
plesně (dual vocative)
plesna (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old Ruthenian: плесна (plesna), плюсна (pljusna), плюсьна (pljusʹna)

Belarusian: пле́сна (pljésna), плюсна́ (pljusná)

Ukrainian: пле́сно (plésno), плю́сно (pljúsno)

Russian: плесна́ (plesná), плюсна́ (pljusná)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: плесно (plesno), плесна (plesna)

Bulgarian: пле́сна (plésna) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian: (dialectal)

Cyrillic script: плесно

Latin script: plesno

Slovene: plésna (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Czech: plesna

Polish: plośna, plosnia

Non-Slavic:

→ Latvian: plezna (“metatarsus”)

From Proto-Indo-European *pleth₂- (“flat”) + *-sno, cognate with Lithuanian plẽkšnė (“bottom, foundation”), plesnà (“foot”), Latvian pleksna (“bottom of foot”), Old Prussian plasmeno (“bottom of foot”) (probably all of them derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic *pletsna). Further related to Proto-Slavic *pleťe (“shoulder, scapula”)
Alternative form with -ju- vocalism is probably from related root *pleh₂(w)-, akin to Latin plautus (“flat-footed”).


lǫkavьstvo

lǫkavьstvo (nominative singular)
lǫkavьstvě (dual nominative)
lǫkavьstva (nominative plural)
lǫkavьstva (genitive singular)
lǫkavьstvu (dual genitive)
lǫkavьstvъ (genitive plural)
lǫkavьstvu (dative singular)
lǫkavьstvoma (dative dual)
lǫkavьstvomъ (dative plural)
lǫkavьstvo (accusative singular)
lǫkavьstvě (accusative dual)
lǫkavьstva (accusative plural)
lǫkavьstvъmь (instrumental singular)
lǫkavьstvomь (instrumental singular)
lǫkavьstvoma (dual instrumental)
lǫkavьstvy (instrumental plural)
lǫkavьstvě (locative singular)
lǫkavьstvu (dual locative)
lǫkavьstvěxъ (locative plural)
lǫkavьstvo (singular vocative)
lǫkavьstvě (dual vocative)
lǫkavьstva (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: лукавьство (lukavĭstvo)

Russian: лука́вство (lukávstvo)

Ukrainian: лука́вство (lukávstvo)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: лѫкавьство (lǫkavĭstvo)

Bulgarian: лука̀вство (lukàvstvo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: лу̏ка̄вство

Latin script: lȕkāvstvo

Slovene: lokȃvstvọ (tonal orthography)


-olъ

-olъ (nominative singular)
-ola (dual nominative)
-oli (nominative plural)
-ola (genitive singular)
-olu (dual genitive)
-olъ (genitive plural)
-olu (dative singular)
-oloma (dative dual)
-olomъ (dative plural)
-olъ (accusative singular)
-ola (accusative dual)
-oly (accusative plural)
-olъmь (instrumental singular)
-olomь (instrumental singular)
-oloma (dual instrumental)
-oly (instrumental plural)
-olě (locative singular)
-olu (dual locative)
-olěxъ (locative plural)
-ole (singular vocative)
-ola (dual vocative)
-oli (plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-alas. Cognates include Lithuanian -alas.

inh+

gogotati (“to make a go! go! sound”) → *gogolъ (“wild duck”)

sokotati (“about the sounds of birds”) → *sokolъ (“falcon”)

vьrxъ (“summit, peak”) → *vьrxolъ (“summit, peak”)

kosa (“hair”) → *kosolъ (“crest, topknot”)


tъpъtъ

tъpъtъ (nominative singular)
tъpъta (dual nominative)
tъpъti (nominative plural)
tъpъta (genitive singular)
tъpъtu (dual genitive)
tъpъtъ (genitive plural)
tъpъtu (dative singular)
tъpъtoma (dative dual)
tъpъtomъ (dative plural)
tъpъtъ (accusative singular)
tъpъta (accusative dual)
tъpъty (accusative plural)
tъpъtъmь (instrumental singular)
tъpъtomь (instrumental singular)
tъpъtoma (dual instrumental)
tъpъty (instrumental plural)
tъpъtě (locative singular)
tъpъtu (dual locative)
tъpъtěxъ (locative plural)
tъpъte (singular vocative)
tъpъta (dual vocative)
tъpъti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: то́пот (tópot)

Ukrainian: то́пiт (tópit)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: тъпътъ (tŭpŭtŭ)

desc

Macedonian: топот (topot), тупот (tupot)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: то̏по̄т

Latin script: tȍpōt

West Slavic:

Polish: tupot

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp- + *-ъtъ.


sъvětъ

sъvětъ (nominative singular)
sъvěta (dual nominative)
sъvěti (nominative plural)
sъvěta (genitive singular)
sъvětu (dual genitive)
sъvětъ (genitive plural)
sъvětu (dative singular)
sъvětoma (dative dual)
sъvětomъ (dative plural)
sъvětъ (accusative singular)
sъvěta (accusative dual)
sъvěty (accusative plural)
sъvětъmь (instrumental singular)
sъvětomь (instrumental singular)
sъvětoma (dual instrumental)
sъvěty (instrumental plural)
sъvětě (locative singular)
sъvětu (dual locative)
sъvětěxъ (locative plural)
sъvěte (singular vocative)
sъvěta (dual vocative)
sъvěti (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: съвѣтъ (sŭvětŭ)

Bulgarian: съве́т (sǎvét)

Macedonian: совет (sovet)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: са́вет, са́вјет

Latin script: sávet, sávjet

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: sfat

Derived from *větъ (“talk, agreement”), likely as a translation of Koine Greek συμβούλιον (sumboúlion, “advice, counsel”) (whence modern συμβούλιο (symvoúlio, “board, council”), analyzable as συμ- (sum-) + βουλή (boulḗ) + -ον (-on)).


obětъ

obětъ (nominative singular)
oběta (dual nominative)
oběti (nominative plural)
oběta (genitive singular)
obětu (dual genitive)
obětъ (genitive plural)
obětu (dative singular)
obětoma (dative dual)
obětomъ (dative plural)
obětъ (accusative singular)
oběta (accusative dual)
oběty (accusative plural)
obětъmь (instrumental singular)
obětomь (instrumental singular)
obětoma (dual instrumental)
oběty (instrumental plural)
obětě (locative singular)
obětu (dual locative)
obětěxъ (locative plural)
oběte (singular vocative)
oběta (dual vocative)
oběti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: обѣтъ (obětŭ)

Russian: обе́т (obét)

Ukrainian: обі́т (obít)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: обѣтъ (obětŭ)

Bulgarian: обѐт (obèt)

Slovene: obèt (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: obět

Czech: oběť (“sacrifice”)

Old Polish: obiat (“sacrifice”), obiet

Slovak: obeť (“sacrifice”)

From *ob- (“around, against”) + *větъ (“greeting, agreement”).


bъzoľь

*bъzoľa (alternative)
bъzoľь (nominative singular)
bъzoľa (dual nominative)
bъzoľi (nominative plural)
bъzoľa (genitive singular)
bъzoľu (dual genitive)
bъzoľь (genitive plural)
bъzoľu (dative singular)
bъzoľema (dative dual)
bъzoľemъ (dative plural)
bъzoľь (accusative singular)
bъzoľa (accusative dual)
bъzoľę̇ (accusative plural)
bъzoľьmь (instrumental singular)
bъzoľemь (instrumental singular)
bъzoľema (dual instrumental)
bъzoľi (instrumental plural)
bъzoľi (locative singular)
bъzoľu (dual locative)
bъzoľixъ (locative plural)
bъzoľu (singular vocative)
bъzoľa (dual vocative)
bъzoľi (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: зо̏ља f

Latin script: zȍlja f

Slovene: zȍlj (tonal orthography)

Derived from onomatopoeic verb *bъzati (“to buzz”) + *-oľь. Compare Lithuanian bužỹs (“insect, beetle”).


tobola

head

*tobola f (diminutive *tobolъka, *tobolьcь)

tobolъka (diminutive)
tobolьcь (diminutive)
tobola (nominative singular)
tobolě (dual nominative)
toboly (nominative plural)
toboly (genitive singular)
tobolu (dual genitive)
tobolъ (genitive plural)
tobolě (dative singular)
tobolama (dative dual)
tobolamъ (dative plural)
tobolǫ (accusative singular)
tobolě (accusative dual)
toboly (accusative plural)
tobolojǫ (instrumental singular)
tobolǫ (instrumental singular)
tobolama (dual instrumental)
tobolami (instrumental plural)
tobolě (locative singular)
tobolu (dual locative)
tobolasъ (locative plural)
tobolaxъ (locative plural)
tobolo (singular vocative)
tobolě (dual vocative)
toboly (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old Ruthenian: тобо́ла (tobóla)

desc

Ukrainian: табу́ла (tabúla), табу́ра (tabúra), та́бла (tábla) (dialectal)

⇒ Ukrainian: тобі́лка (tobílka), тaбі́лка (tabílka) (dialectal)

⇒ Russian: тобо́лка (tobólka) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: тобу́ля (tobúlja) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: tobola, Tobola

Czech: tobola f, tobole

Kashubian: tobole pl

Old Polish: toboła

Polish: toboła (obsolete)

⇒ Polish: tobół m

Old Slovak: tobola

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: toboła

Upper Sorbian: toboła

→ German: Tabel, Tobel

Unknown:
* Matzenauer: Possibly borrowed from Latin tabula (“table”) (cf. Czech šrajtofel (“bag”), from German Schreibtafel (“slate, chalkboard”));
* Kannisto: Derived from a Turkic term, compare Tatar tubal (“bark basket”).
* Mladenov: Related to Ancient Greek τόπος (tópos, “place, location”), Lithuanian tàpti (“to become”).
All deemed dubious by Vasmer.

cog

(South Slavic) quiver, case (fastener or container)


kormola

kormola (nominative singular)
kormolě (dual nominative)
kormoly (nominative plural)
kormoly (genitive singular)
kormolu (dual genitive)
kormolъ (genitive plural)
kormolě (dative singular)
kormolama (dative dual)
kormolamъ (dative plural)
kormolǫ (accusative singular)
kormolě (accusative dual)
kormoly (accusative plural)
kormolojǫ (instrumental singular)
kormolǫ (instrumental singular)
kormolama (dual instrumental)
kormolami (instrumental plural)
kormolě (locative singular)
kormolu (dual locative)
kormolasъ (locative plural)
kormolaxъ (locative plural)
kormolo (singular vocative)
kormolě (dual vocative)
kormoly (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old Ruthenian: коромола (koromola)

Belarusian: коромо́ла (koromóla)

Ukrainian: коромо́ли pl (koromóly)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: крамола (kramola)

→ Bulgarian: крамола́ (kramolá)

→ Russian: крамо́ла (kramóla)

q

Serbo-Croatian: (obsolete, nowadays found as a personal name)

Cyrillic script: крамола

Latin script: kramola

Old Slovene: kramóla

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kramola

Czech: kramol m

⇒ Slovak: grámor

Toponyms:

⇒ Polish: Kromołów

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: Kromoła

Related to Old High German karmala (“revolt”) (whence also Vulgar Latin carmula (“id.”)):
* Miklošič, Berneker, Mladenov (deemed more likely by Vasmer): The Slavic term borrowed from Old High German (Old Bavarian) and spread via West Slavic to other Slavic dialects.
* Brandt: Of native origin, perhaps from *korъ (“reproach”) + *-m- + *-ola. The Bavarian term borrowed from Slavic.

turmoil, brawl, scuffle, heated argument


gъrtanь

gъrtànь (canonical feminine)
*gъrtanъ (alternative)
*gъrtľanъ (alternative)
*gъrkľanъ (alternative)
gъrtànь (nominative singular)
gъrtàni (dual nominative)
gъrtàni (nominative plural)
gъrtànī (genitive singular)
gъrtànьju (dual genitive)
gъrtàňu (dual genitive)
gъrtànьjь (genitive plural)
gъrtànī (genitive plural)
gъrtàni (dative singular)
gъrtànьma (dative dual)
gъrtànьmъ (dative plural)
gъrtànь (accusative singular)
gъrtàni (accusative dual)
gъrtàni (accusative plural)
gъrtànьjǫ (instrumental singular)
gъrtàňǭ (instrumental singular)
gъrtànьma (dual instrumental)
gъrtànьmī (instrumental plural)
gъrtànī (locative singular)
gъrtànьju (dual locative)
gъrtàňu (dual locative)
gъrtànьxъ (locative plural)
gъrtani (singular vocative)
gъrtàni (dual vocative)
gъrtàni (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гъртань (gŭrtanĭ)

Middle Belarusian: горта́нь (hortánʹ)

Belarusian: гарта́нь (hartánʹ)

Ukrainian: горта́нь (hortánʹ)

desc

Russian: горта́нь (gortánʹ), грыта́нь (grytánʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: грътань (grŭtanĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰳⱃⱏⱅⰰⱀⱐ (grŭtanĭ)

Bulgarian: гръкля́н (grǎklján)

Macedonian: грклан (grklan)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гр̀кљан, гр̀тљан

Latin script: gr̀kljan, gr̀tljan

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: grtàn, grlján (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hrtan

Czech: hrtan

Kashubian: grtań (dialectal)

Polish: krtań

Silesian: chyrtōń

Old Slovak: hrtan, chrtan

Slovak: hrtan

Non-Slavic:

desc

→ Romanian: gîrtlan, gârclan (dialectal)

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷerh₃- (“to devour”) + *-anь (with hard vocalism *gъr- as in *gъrdlo). Cognate with Lithuanian gerklė̃ (“larynx”), gurklỹs (“crop, neck”), Old Prussian gurcle (“throat”).
Doublet forms such as Middle Russian грыта́нь (grytánʹ), which reflect alternative *grъtanь, probably originate under the influence of Proto-Slavic *glъtati (“to swallow”).


o(b)pora

opora (canonical feminine)
opora (nominative singular)
obpora (nominative singular)
oporě (dual nominative)
obporě (dual nominative)
opory (nominative plural)
obpory (nominative plural)
opory (genitive singular)
obpory (genitive singular)
oporu (dual genitive)
obporu (dual genitive)
oporъ (genitive plural)
obporъ (genitive plural)
oporě (dative singular)
obporě (dative singular)
oporama (dative dual)
obporama (dative dual)
oporamъ (dative plural)
obporamъ (dative plural)
oporǫ (accusative singular)
obporǫ (accusative singular)
oporě (accusative dual)
obporě (accusative dual)
opory (accusative plural)
obpory (accusative plural)
oporojǫ (instrumental singular)
obporojǫ (instrumental singular)
oporǫ (instrumental singular)
obporǫ (instrumental singular)
oporama (dual instrumental)
obporama (dual instrumental)
oporami (instrumental plural)
obporami (instrumental plural)
oporě (locative singular)
obporě (locative singular)
oporu (dual locative)
obporu (dual locative)
oporasъ (locative plural)
obporasъ (locative plural)
oporaxъ (locative plural)
obporaxъ (locative plural)
oporo (singular vocative)
obporo (singular vocative)
oporě (dual vocative)
obporě (dual vocative)
opory (plural vocative)
obpory (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: апо́ра (apóra); опо́ра (opóra) (dialectal)

Russian: опо́ра (opóra)

Ukrainian: опо́ра (opóra)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: опо̀ра (opòra)

Macedonian: опора (opora)

Old Serbo-Croatian: opora

Slovene: opôra (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: opora

Czech: opora

Old Polish: opora
Polish: opora

Slovak: opora

Deverbal of *o(b)perti (“to recline, to lean”), derived from *perti (“to push, to press”)


(s)mǫditi

(s)mǫdìti (canonical imperfective)
mǫďenьje (noun-from-verb)
smǫďenьje (noun-from-verb)
mǫditi (infinitive)
smǫditi (infinitive)
mǫditъ (supine)
smǫditъ (supine)
mǫdilъ (l-participle)
smǫdilъ (l-participle)
mǫďenъ (participle passive past)
smǫďenъ (participle passive past)
mǫdimъ (participle passive present)
smǫdimъ (participle passive present)
mǫďь (active participle past)
smǫďь (active participle past)
mǫdę (active participle present)
smǫdę (active participle present)
mǫdixъ (aorist first-person singular)
smǫdixъ (aorist first-person singular)
mǫdi (aorist second-person singular)
smǫdi (aorist second-person singular)
mǫdi (aorist singular third-person)
smǫdi (aorist singular third-person)
mǫďǫ (first-person present singular)
smǫďǫ (first-person present singular)
mǫdiši (present second-person singular)
smǫdiši (present second-person singular)
mǫditь (present singular third-person)
smǫditь (present singular third-person)
mǫdixově (aorist dual first-person)
smǫdixově (aorist dual first-person)
mǫdista (aorist dual second-person)
smǫdista (aorist dual second-person)
mǫdiste (aorist dual third-person)
smǫdiste (aorist dual third-person)
mǫdivě (dual first-person present)
smǫdivě (dual first-person present)
mǫdita (dual present second-person)
smǫdita (dual present second-person)
mǫdite (dual present third-person)
smǫdite (dual present third-person)
mǫdixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
smǫdixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mǫdiste (aorist plural second-person)
smǫdiste (aorist plural second-person)
mǫdišę (aorist plural third-person)
smǫdišę (aorist plural third-person)
mǫdimъ (first-person plural present)
smǫdimъ (first-person plural present)
mǫdite (plural present second-person)
smǫdite (plural present second-person)
mǫdętь (plural present third-person)
smǫdętь (plural present third-person)
mǫďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
smǫďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mǫďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
smǫďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mǫďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
smǫďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
mǫdi (imperative second-person singular)
smǫdi (imperative second-person singular)
mǫdi (imperative singular third-person)
smǫdi (imperative singular third-person)
mǫďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
smǫďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mǫďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
smǫďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mǫďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
smǫďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mǫdivě (dual first-person imperative)
smǫdivě (dual first-person imperative)
mǫdita (dual imperative second-person)
smǫdita (dual imperative second-person)
mǫďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
smǫďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mǫďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
smǫďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mǫďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
smǫďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mǫdimъ (first-person imperative plural)
smǫdimъ (first-person imperative plural)
mǫdite (imperative plural second-person)
smǫdite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Carpathian Rusyn: смудити (smudyty) (Lemko region)

Ukrainian: сму́дитися (smúdytysja) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: смъдя́ (smǎdjá)

Macedonian: смади (smadi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: му̏дити, сму́дити

Latin script: mȕditi, smúditi

Slovene: smodīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: mudit, smoudit

⇒ Czech: čmoudit

Polish: smądzić (dialectal), smędzić (dialectal), swędzić

Slovak: smudiť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: smuźiś

Upper Sorbian: smudźić

Snoj presumes contamination of Proto-Slavic *vǫditi (“to dwindle”) (perhaps akin with Proto-Germanic *swindaną (“to dwindle”)) and *smola (“resin”).

muditi

whence unrelated Old Church Slavonic мѫдити (mǫditi)


avě

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ꙗвѣ (javě), авѣ (avě)

Old Ruthenian: ꙗвѣ (javě)

Ukrainian: яв (jav), я́ва́ (jává) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ꙗвѣ (javě), авѣ (avě)

Church Slavonic: ꙗвѣ (javě) (Bulgarian and Russian recension); авѣ (avě) (Russian recension)

Bulgarian: а́ве (áve), я́ве (jáve)

Macedonian: јаве (jave) (dialectal)

Old Serbo-Croatian: javi

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: jávi

Cyrillic script: я́ви

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew- (“to perceive, see”). Cognates include Old Lithuanian ovyje, Sanskrit आविस् (āvis), Avestan 𐬁𐬬𐬍𐬱 (āvīš), Proto-Germanic *awiz.
The pan-Slavic range of the word is evidenced by derived terms.
Nouns in daughter languages pointing at *ava, *avo, *avь, *avъ have been formed in post-Proto-Slavic from adverb or verb.

der

Oleg Trubachyov
Rick Derksen
uk:Мельничук Олександр Савич


na avě

East Slavic:

desc

Old Ruthenian: наꙗ́вѣ (najávě), наꙗ́во (najávo)

Belarusian: ная́ве (najávje)

Ukrainian: ная́ві́ (najáví)

Russian: ная́ве (najáve)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ная́ве (najáve), на я́ве (na jáve)

Macedonian: најаве (najave)

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: najávi, na jávi

Cyrillic script: наја́ви, на ја́ви

West Slavic:

Old Czech: na jěve, na jevě

Czech: najevě

Old Polish: na jawie

Polish: na jawie

Slovak: na jave


nadorgy

nadorgy (nominative plural)
nadorgъ (genitive plural)
nadorgamъ (dative plural)
nadorgy (accusative plural)
nadorgami (instrumental plural)
nadorgasъ (locative plural)
nadorgaxъ (locative plural)
nadorgy (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: надрагꙑ pl (nadragy)

→ Hungarian: nadrág

→ Old Polish: nadragi pl

→ Old Ruthenian: надра́кги pl (nadrági)

→ Romanian: nădragi pl

→ Old East Slavic: надраги pl (nadragi) (14ᵗʰ c.)

Middle Russian: надра́ги pl (nadrági) (17ᵗʰ c.), надра́гы pl (nadrágy) (1499)

Russian: надра́ги pl (nadrági) (dialectal)

Plural of obsolete *nadorga, related to *na- + *dьrgati (“to pull, to tug”).


morǫgъ

morǫgъ (masculine nominative singular)
morǫga (feminine nominative singular)
morǫgo (neuter nominative singular)
morǫga (genitive masculine singular)
morǫgy (feminine genitive singular)
morǫga (genitive neuter singular)
morǫgu (dative masculine singular)
morǫgě (dative feminine singular)
morǫgu (dative neuter singular)
morǫgъ (accusative masculine singular)
morǫgǫ (accusative feminine singular)
morǫgo (accusative neuter singular)
morǫgomь (instrumental masculine singular)
morǫgojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
morǫgomь (instrumental neuter singular)
morǫgě (locative masculine singular)
morǫgě (feminine locative singular)
morǫgě (locative neuter singular)
morǫge (masculine singular vocative)
morǫgo (feminine singular vocative)
morǫgo (neuter singular vocative)
morǫga (dual masculine nominative)
morǫgě (dual feminine nominative)
morǫgě (dual neuter nominative)
morǫgu (dual genitive masculine)
morǫgu (dual feminine genitive)
morǫgu (dual genitive neuter)
morǫgoma (dative dual masculine)
morǫgama (dative dual feminine)
morǫgoma (dative dual neuter)
morǫga (accusative dual masculine)
morǫgě (accusative dual feminine)
morǫgě (accusative dual neuter)
morǫgoma (dual instrumental masculine)
morǫgama (dual feminine instrumental)
morǫgoma (dual instrumental neuter)
morǫgu (dual locative masculine)
morǫgu (dual feminine locative)
morǫgu (dual locative neuter)
morǫga (dual masculine vocative)
morǫgě (dual feminine vocative)
morǫgě (dual neuter vocative)
morǫgi (masculine nominative plural)
morǫgy (feminine nominative plural)
morǫga (neuter nominative plural)
morǫgъ (genitive masculine plural)
morǫgъ (feminine genitive plural)
morǫgъ (genitive neuter plural)
morǫgomъ (dative masculine plural)
morǫgamъ (dative feminine plural)
morǫgomъ (dative neuter plural)
morǫgy (accusative masculine plural)
morǫgy (accusative feminine plural)
morǫga (accusative neuter plural)
morǫgy (instrumental masculine plural)
morǫgami (feminine instrumental plural)
morǫgy (instrumental neuter plural)
morǫgěxъ (locative masculine plural)
morǫgaxъ (feminine locative plural)
morǫgěxъ (locative neuter plural)
morǫgi (masculine plural vocative)
morǫgy (feminine plural vocative)
morǫga (neuter plural vocative)
morǫgъjь (masculine nominative singular)
morǫgaja (feminine nominative singular)
morǫgoje (neuter nominative singular)
morǫgajego (genitive masculine singular)
morǫgyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
morǫgajego (genitive neuter singular)
morǫgujemu (dative masculine singular)
morǫgěji (dative feminine singular)
morǫgujemu (dative neuter singular)
morǫgъjь (accusative masculine singular)
morǫgǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
morǫgoje (accusative neuter singular)
morǫgyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
morǫgǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
morǫgyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
morǫgějemь (locative masculine singular)
morǫgěji (feminine locative singular)
morǫgějemь (locative neuter singular)
morǫgъjь (masculine singular vocative)
morǫgaja (feminine singular vocative)
morǫgoje (neuter singular vocative)
morǫgaja (dual masculine nominative)
morǫgěji (dual feminine nominative)
morǫgěji (dual neuter nominative)
morǫguju (dual genitive masculine)
morǫguju (dual feminine genitive)
morǫguju (dual genitive neuter)
morǫgyjima (dative dual masculine)
morǫgyjima (dative dual feminine)
morǫgyjima (dative dual neuter)
morǫgaja (accusative dual masculine)
morǫgěji (accusative dual feminine)
morǫgěji (accusative dual neuter)
morǫgyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
morǫgyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
morǫgyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
morǫguju (dual locative masculine)
morǫguju (dual feminine locative)
morǫguju (dual locative neuter)
morǫgaja (dual masculine vocative)
morǫgěji (dual feminine vocative)
morǫgěji (dual neuter vocative)
morǫgiji (masculine nominative plural)
morǫgyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
morǫgaja (neuter nominative plural)
morǫgъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
morǫgъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
morǫgъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
morǫgyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
morǫgyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
morǫgyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
morǫgyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
morǫgyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
morǫgaja (accusative neuter plural)
morǫgyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
morǫgyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
morǫgyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
morǫgyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
morǫgyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
morǫgyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
morǫgiji (masculine plural vocative)
morǫgyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
morǫgaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мурѫгий (murǫgij)

Russian: мору́гий (morúgij), муру́гий (murúgij)

Ukrainian: мору́гий (morúhyj), муру́гий (murúhyj)

South Slavic:

>? Bulgarian: моруга (moruga, “distasteful, salty dish”) (dialectal)

⇒ Slovene: marọ́ga (“dark spot”)

West Slavic:

Polish: morągi

From Proto-Indo-European *mor- (“depleted, dark”) + *-ǫgъ. Cognate with Ancient Greek μόρυχος (mórukhos, “dark”).
The East Slavic forms were likely influenced by unrelated Proto-Slavic *murъ (“dirt”) (cf. Bulgarian му́ргав (múrgav, “dark, tanned”), Serbo-Croatian му̏ргаст (“olive”)).

cog

dark, dim, swarthy (of animals, plants, people, places)


posoxъ

posoxъ (nominative singular)
posoxa (dual nominative)
posośi (nominative plural)
posoxa (genitive singular)
posoxu (dual genitive)
posoxъ (genitive plural)
posoxu (dative singular)
posoxoma (dative dual)
posoxomъ (dative plural)
posoxъ (accusative singular)
posoxa (accusative dual)
posoxy (accusative plural)
posoxъmь (instrumental singular)
posoxomь (instrumental singular)
posoxoma (dual instrumental)
posoxy (instrumental plural)
posośě (locative singular)
posoxu (dual locative)
posośěxъ (locative plural)
posoše (singular vocative)
posoxa (dual vocative)
posośi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: посохъ (posoxŭ)

Russian: по́сох (pósox)

→ Polish: posoch (obsolete)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: посохъ (posoxŭ)


krěti

*krьjati (alternative)
*krějati (alternative)
krětьje (noun-from-verb)
krěti (infinitive)
krětъ (supine)
krělъ (l-participle)
krětъ (participle passive past)
krějemъ (participle passive present)
krěvъ (active participle past)
krěję (active participle present)
krěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
krě (aorist second-person singular)
krě (aorist singular third-person)
krějǫ (first-person present singular)
krěješi (present second-person singular)
krějetь (present singular third-person)
krěxově (aorist dual first-person)
krěsta (aorist dual second-person)
krěste (aorist dual third-person)
krějevě (dual first-person present)
krějeta (dual present second-person)
krějete (dual present third-person)
krěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
krěste (aorist plural second-person)
krěšę (aorist plural third-person)
krějemъ (first-person plural present)
krějete (plural present second-person)
krějǫtь (plural present third-person)
krěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
krěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
krěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
krěji (imperative second-person singular)
krěji (imperative singular third-person)
krěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
krěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
krěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
krějivě (dual first-person imperative)
krějita (dual imperative second-person)
krěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
krěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
krěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
krějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
krějite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

>? Russian: хрять (xrjatʹ, “to feel sick”) (dialectal, listed as a descendant in ESSJa)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: кре́я (kréja, “to wilt”) (dialectal)

East Slavic:

Russian: крея́ть (krejátʹ, “to improve”) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: крія́ти (krijáty, “to gather strength”)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kříti (“to gather strength”)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: крия́ць (krijácʹ, “to start recovering”)

Ukrainian: крия́ти (kryjáty)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: křáti

⇒ Czech: okřát (“to get better”)

⇒ Slovak: okriať (“to invigorate”)

Hard to identify:
* Matzenauer (in regard to the Czech descendant): Perhaps cognate with Latin creō (“to produce, to beget”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱer- (“to increase”).
* Georgiev (in regard to the Bulgarian descendant): Unlikely related to Lithuanian skriẽti (“to spin, to turn around”), Latvian skriet (“to run”). The latter are akin instead to Proto-Slavic *krivъ (“curved”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krey- (“to revolve”), from *(s)ker-.
Because of the contrastive meanings and the dialectal attestation, there is no certainty if all the descendants are actually cognates.

der

(probably originally) to intensify, to magnify

→ (in Northern languages) to gather strength, to recuperate, to invigorate

→ (in dialectal Bulgarian, Russian) to wilt, to aggravate


aže

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: аже (aže), ажь (ažĭ)

desc

Old Ruthenian: аже (aže), ажь (ažʹ), ажъ (až)

Belarusian: аж (až)

Ukrainian: аж (až)

Russian: аж (až)

Old Novgorodian: аже (aže), ажь (ažĭ)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: ȁre (dated, dialectal)

Cyrillic script: а̏ре (dated, dialectal)

Slovene: àr (dated, dialectal)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: aže, až

Czech: až

Kashubian: jaż

Old Polish: aże, haże, jaż

Polish: aż

Old Slovak: až, aže

Pannonian Rusyn: аж (až)

Slovak: až

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: až, ažo; haž, ažy (dialectal)


abrědь

abrědь (nominative singular)
abrědi (dual nominative)
abrědi (nominative plural)
abrědi (genitive singular)
abrědьju (dual genitive)
abrědьjь (genitive plural)
abrědi (dative singular)
abrědьma (dative dual)
abrědьmъ (dative plural)
abrědь (accusative singular)
abrědi (accusative dual)
abrědi (accusative plural)
abrědьjǫ (instrumental singular)
abrědьma (dual instrumental)
abrědьmi (instrumental plural)
abrědi (locative singular)
abrědьju (dual locative)
abrědьxъ (locative plural)
abrědi (singular vocative)
abrědi (dual vocative)
abrědi (plural vocative)
*abrędь (alternative)

South Slavic:

Church Slavonic: абрѣдь (abrědĭ) (Russian recension)

Church Slavonic: ⇒ абрѣдьць (abrědĭcĭ) (Serbian recension)

Alternative form of unattested *abrědъ (but compare Slovincian wôbród < *obrědъ?), from *a- + *brědъ (“fruit”).
The West and South Slavic range of the word is evidenced by alternative form.

(West and South Slavic) plant shoot, twig, scion


abrędь

abrędь (nominative singular)
abrędi (dual nominative)
abrędi (nominative plural)
abrędi (genitive singular)
abrędьju (dual genitive)
abrędьjь (genitive plural)
abrędi (dative singular)
abrędьma (dative dual)
abrędьmъ (dative plural)
abrędь (accusative singular)
abrędi (accusative dual)
abrędi (accusative plural)
abrędьjǫ (instrumental singular)
abrędьma (dual instrumental)
abrędьmi (instrumental plural)
abrędi (locative singular)
abrędьju (dual locative)
abrędьxъ (locative plural)
abrędi (singular vocative)
abrędi (dual vocative)
abrędi (plural vocative)

West Slavic:

Polish: jabrządź (“poplar”), jabrzędź

→ Ukrainian: ябро́нт (jabrónt, “poplar”)

Slovak: jabrať (“catkins, aments”)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

West Slavic form of *abrědь (“plant shoot, twig, scion”).


abrędъ

abrędъ (nominative singular)
abręda (dual nominative)
abrędi (nominative plural)
abręda (genitive singular)
abrędu (dual genitive)
abrędъ (genitive plural)
abrędu (dative singular)
abrędoma (dative dual)
abrędomъ (dative plural)
abrędъ (accusative singular)
abręda (accusative dual)
abrędy (accusative plural)
abrędъmь (instrumental singular)
abrędomь (instrumental singular)
abrędoma (dual instrumental)
abrędy (instrumental plural)
abrędě (locative singular)
abrędu (dual locative)
abręděxъ (locative plural)
abręde (singular vocative)
abręda (dual vocative)
abrędi (plural vocative)

West Slavic:

Polish: jabrząd (“poplar”) (dialectal)

Alternative form of unattested *abrědъ (but compare Slovincian wôbrzód < *obrědъ?), from *a- + *brědъ (“fruit”).


abrędьje

abrędьje (nominative singular)
abrędьja (genitive singular)
abrędьju (dative singular)
abrędьje (accusative singular)
abrędьjьmь (instrumental singular)
abrędьjemь (instrumental singular)
abrędьji (locative singular)
abrędьje (singular vocative)

West Slavic:

desc

Polish: jabrzędzie, abrzędzie (“black poplar”) (dialectal)

(collective) West Slavic form of *abrědьje (“plant shoots, twigs, scions”)


abrědьje

abrědьje (nominative singular)
abrědьja (genitive singular)
abrědьju (dative singular)
abrědьje (accusative singular)
abrědьjьmь (instrumental singular)
abrědьjemь (instrumental singular)
abrědьji (locative singular)
abrědьje (singular vocative)
*abrędьje (alternative)

South Slavic:

Church Slavonic: ꙗбрѣдиѥ (jabrědije), абрѣдиѥ (abrědije) (Russian recension)

From unattested *abrědъ (from *a- + *brědъ (“fruit”), compare Slovincian wôbród < *obrědъ?) + *-ьje.
The West and South Slavic range of the word is evidenced by alternative form.

(West and South Slavic, collective) plant shoots, twigs, scions


konьskъ

kònьskъ (canonical)
kònьskъjь (canonical)
konьskъ (masculine nominative singular)
konьska (feminine nominative singular)
konьsko (neuter nominative singular)
konьska (genitive masculine singular)
konьsky (feminine genitive singular)
konьska (genitive neuter singular)
konьsku (dative masculine singular)
konьscě (dative feminine singular)
konьsku (dative neuter singular)
konьskъ (accusative masculine singular)
konьskǫ (accusative feminine singular)
konьsko (accusative neuter singular)
konьskomь (instrumental masculine singular)
konьskojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
konьskomь (instrumental neuter singular)
konьscě (locative masculine singular)
konьscě (feminine locative singular)
konьscě (locative neuter singular)
konьšče (masculine singular vocative)
konьsko (feminine singular vocative)
konьsko (neuter singular vocative)
konьska (dual masculine nominative)
konьscě (dual feminine nominative)
konьscě (dual neuter nominative)
konьsku (dual genitive masculine)
konьsku (dual feminine genitive)
konьsku (dual genitive neuter)
konьskoma (dative dual masculine)
konьskama (dative dual feminine)
konьskoma (dative dual neuter)
konьska (accusative dual masculine)
konьscě (accusative dual feminine)
konьscě (accusative dual neuter)
konьskoma (dual instrumental masculine)
konьskama (dual feminine instrumental)
konьskoma (dual instrumental neuter)
konьsku (dual locative masculine)
konьsku (dual feminine locative)
konьsku (dual locative neuter)
konьska (dual masculine vocative)
konьscě (dual feminine vocative)
konьscě (dual neuter vocative)
konьsci (masculine nominative plural)
konьsky (feminine nominative plural)
konьska (neuter nominative plural)
konьskъ (genitive masculine plural)
konьskъ (feminine genitive plural)
konьskъ (genitive neuter plural)
konьskomъ (dative masculine plural)
konьskamъ (dative feminine plural)
konьskomъ (dative neuter plural)
konьsky (accusative masculine plural)
konьsky (accusative feminine plural)
konьska (accusative neuter plural)
konьsky (instrumental masculine plural)
konьskami (feminine instrumental plural)
konьsky (instrumental neuter plural)
konьscěxъ (locative masculine plural)
konьskaxъ (feminine locative plural)
konьscěxъ (locative neuter plural)
konьsci (masculine plural vocative)
konьsky (feminine plural vocative)
konьska (neuter plural vocative)
konьskъjь (masculine nominative singular)
konьskaja (feminine nominative singular)
konьskoje (neuter nominative singular)
konьskajego (genitive masculine singular)
konьskyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
konьskajego (genitive neuter singular)
konьskujemu (dative masculine singular)
konьscěji (dative feminine singular)
konьskujemu (dative neuter singular)
konьskъjь (accusative masculine singular)
konьskǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
konьskoje (accusative neuter singular)
konьskyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
konьskǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
konьskyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
konьscějemь (locative masculine singular)
konьscěji (feminine locative singular)
konьscějemь (locative neuter singular)
konьskъjь (masculine singular vocative)
konьskaja (feminine singular vocative)
konьskoje (neuter singular vocative)
konьskaja (dual masculine nominative)
konьscěji (dual feminine nominative)
konьscěji (dual neuter nominative)
konьskuju (dual genitive masculine)
konьskuju (dual feminine genitive)
konьskuju (dual genitive neuter)
konьskyjima (dative dual masculine)
konьskyjima (dative dual feminine)
konьskyjima (dative dual neuter)
konьskaja (accusative dual masculine)
konьscěji (accusative dual feminine)
konьscěji (accusative dual neuter)
konьskyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
konьskyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
konьskyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
konьskuju (dual locative masculine)
konьskuju (dual feminine locative)
konьskuju (dual locative neuter)
konьskaja (dual masculine vocative)
konьscěji (dual feminine vocative)
konьscěji (dual neuter vocative)
konьsciji (masculine nominative plural)
konьskyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
konьskaja (neuter nominative plural)
konьskъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
konьskъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
konьskъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
konьskyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
konьskyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
konьskyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
konьskyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
konьskyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
konьskaja (accusative neuter plural)
konьskyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
konьskyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
konьskyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
konьskyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
konьskyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
konьskyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
konьsciji (masculine plural vocative)
konьskyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
konьskaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ко́ньскꙑи (kónĭskyi)

Old Ruthenian: кóнскїй (kónskij), кóньскїй (kónʹskij), кóнскый (kónskyj)

Belarusian: кóнскі (kónski); кóньські (kónʹsʹki) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: кі́нський (kínsʹkyj), кі́ньський (kínʹsʹkyj)

Russian: ко́нский (kónskij)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: коньскъ (konĭskŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰽⱁⱀⱐⱄⰽⱏ (konĭskŭ)

Bulgarian: ко́нски (kónski); ко́нцки (kóncki) (dialectal)

Macedonian: коњски (konjski)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ко̏њскӣ, ко̏н́ски̂

Cyrillic script: ко̏њскӣ, ко̏н́ски̂

Latin script: kȍnjskī, kȍńskî

Slovene: kọ́njski (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: koňský; koncky, koňcky (dialectal)

Polabian: ťünsťĕ

Old Polish: koński

Polish: koński

Slovak: konský; konskí (dialectal)

Slovincian: kónskjy

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kóński


abrędъkъ

abrędъkъ (nominative singular)
abrędъka (dual nominative)
abrędъci (nominative plural)
abrędъka (genitive singular)
abrędъku (dual genitive)
abrędъkъ (genitive plural)
abrędъku (dative singular)
abrędъkoma (dative dual)
abrędъkomъ (dative plural)
abrędъkъ (accusative singular)
abrędъka (accusative dual)
abrędъky (accusative plural)
abrędъkъmь (instrumental singular)
abrędъkomь (instrumental singular)
abrędъkoma (dual instrumental)
abrędъky (instrumental plural)
abrędъcě (locative singular)
abrędъku (dual locative)
abrędъcěxъ (locative plural)
abrędъče (singular vocative)
abrędъka (dual vocative)
abrędъci (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: âbranek, jâbranek, jâmbrek (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jabřadek; jabřadka f

⇒ Slovak: jabrátka (dialectal; via *abrędъka)

(West and South Slavic) plant shoots, twigs, scions


brědъ

brědъ (nominative singular)
brěda (dual nominative)
brědi (nominative plural)
brěda (genitive singular)
brědu (dual genitive)
brědъ (genitive plural)
brědu (dative singular)
brědoma (dative dual)
brědomъ (dative plural)
brědъ (accusative singular)
brěda (accusative dual)
brědy (accusative plural)
brědъmь (instrumental singular)
brědomь (instrumental singular)
brědoma (dual instrumental)
brědy (instrumental plural)
brědě (locative singular)
brědu (dual locative)
brěděxъ (locative plural)
brěde (singular vocative)
brěda (dual vocative)
brědi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

⇒? Ukrainian: бреди́на (bredýna, “willow”)

Russian: бред (bred, “leaves and twigs as food for cattle”) (dialectal; collective)

⇒? Russian: бреди́на (bredína, “willow”) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

⇒ Latin script: nàbrenditi (“to swell, tumefy”) (dialectal)

⇒ Cyrillic script: на̀брендити (“to swell, tumefy”) (dialectal)

desc/sl-tonal

⇒ Slovene: brẹ́nkelj, bránkelj (“flower of walnut, chestnut”) (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: brzôd

Slovincian: brzod

Closely related to Lithuanian brę́sti, Latvian briêst, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *brénˀstei (“to ripen, mature”).


kъnorzъ

kъnorzъ (nominative singular)
kъnorza (dual nominative)
kъnorzi (nominative plural)
kъnorza (genitive singular)
kъnorzu (dual genitive)
kъnorzъ (genitive plural)
kъnorzu (dative singular)
kъnorzoma (dative dual)
kъnorzomъ (dative plural)
kъnorzъ (accusative singular)
kъnorza (accusative dual)
kъnorzy (accusative plural)
kъnorzъmь (instrumental singular)
kъnorzomь (instrumental singular)
kъnorzoma (dual instrumental)
kъnorzy (instrumental plural)
kъnorzě (locative singular)
kъnorzu (dual locative)
kъnorzěxъ (locative plural)
kъnorze (singular vocative)
kъnorza (dual vocative)
kъnorzi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: кънорозъ (kŭnorozŭ), кнорозъ (knorozŭ)

Old Ruthenian: кнорозъ (knoroz), кнурозъ (knuroz), конорозъ (konoroz), кноръ (knor)

Belarusian: кныр (knyr), кно́раз (knóraz); кно́рас (knóras), кнур (knur), кнор (knor), керно́з (kjernóz), керно́с (kjernós), кярно́с (kjarnós) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: кно́рос (knóros), кнур (knur); кно́роз (knóroz), книр (knyr), кнурь (knurʹ), кнюрь (knjurʹ), ко́рноз (kórnoz), ке́рніз (kérniz), ке́рноз (kérnoz), ко́рназ (kórnaz) (dialectal)

Russian: кно́роз (knóroz), кно́рез (knórez), кно́рос (knóros), кно́ров (knórov), кнур (knur) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

⇒? Bulgarian: нере́з (neréz)

⇒? Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: nȅrast

Cyrillic script: не̏раст

desc/sl-tonal

⇒ Slovene: nerẹ́sec, merjásec (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: kňour

Kashubian: knôrz

Old Polish: kiernoz, kiernos

desc

Polish: kiernoz; kiernóz, kiendroz, kiędra f, kięder, kiedra f, kierda f, kiędroz, knur, kierdos, knorz, knarz, kernos, ḱernᵘ̯os (dialectal)

→ Russian: кирно́с (kirnós) (dialectal)

→ Ukrainian: ке́рдаль (kérdalʹ), кє́рда (kjérda) (dialectal)

Silesian: kyndrōz

Old Slovak: kuneráž

⇒ Slovak: kundrák; kundys, kuneráš, kunir, kornáz, kurnaz (dialectal)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: kjandroz, kjandros

Upper Sorbian: kundroz

Probably from earlier *kъrnorzъ, from *kъrnъ (“truncated, castrated”) + *orzъ (“testicle”). South Slavic form may be influenced by some folk etymology.

com

(North Slavic) barrow (castrated male pig)


viňaga

viňàga (canonical)
vīňàga (canonical feminine)
vīňàga (nominative singular)
vīňàdzě (dual nominative)
vīňàgy (nominative plural)
vīňàgy (genitive singular)
vīňàgu (dual genitive)
vīňàgъ (genitive plural)
vīňàdzě (dative singular)
vīňàgama (dative dual)
vīňàgamъ (dative plural)
vīňàgǫ (accusative singular)
vīňàdzě (accusative dual)
vīňàgy (accusative plural)
vīňàgojǫ (instrumental singular)
vīňàgǭ (instrumental singular)
vīňàgama (dual instrumental)
vīňàgamī (instrumental plural)
vīňàdzě (locative singular)
vīňàgu (dual locative)
vīňàgasъ (locative plural)
vīňàgaxъ (locative plural)
vīňàgo (singular vocative)
vīňàdzě (dual vocative)
vīňàgy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

>? Russian: виня́га (vinjága, “willow”) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Church Slavonic: винꙗга (vinjaga) (Serbian recension)

Bulgarian: виня́га (vinjága)

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: vìnjaga

Cyrillic script: вѝњага

Slovene: vinjágа (tonal orthography)

Unclear. Usually interpreted as *vīnò (“vine”) + *àga (“berry”), for similar compunds compare Lithuanian vỹnuogė, Proto-Germanic *wīnabasją. However, prothetic -j- suggests late, maybe even post-Proto-Slavic etymology. On the other hand, *àga has been displaced by *àgoda and is unattested, which makes late creation problematic.
Alternatively from *vīnò + *-jaga or back-formation from *vīňàgoda.


agodica

agodica (nominative singular)
agodici (dual nominative)
agodicę̇ (nominative plural)
agodicę̇ (genitive singular)
agodicu (dual genitive)
agodicь (genitive plural)
agodici (dative singular)
agodicama (dative dual)
agodicamъ (dative plural)
agodicǫ (accusative singular)
agodici (accusative dual)
agodicę̇ (accusative plural)
agodicejǫ (instrumental singular)
agodicǫ (instrumental singular)
agodicama (dual instrumental)
agodicami (instrumental plural)
agodici (locative singular)
agodicu (dual locative)
agodicasъ (locative plural)
agodicaxъ (locative plural)
agodice (singular vocative)
agodici (dual vocative)
agodicę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: я́гадзіца (jáhadzica)

Russian: я́годица (jágodica)

desc

⇒ Russian: я́годница (jágodnica) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Macedonian: јагодица (jagodica)

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: jȁgodica

Cyrillic script: ја̏годица

(East and South Slavic, figuratively) cheek


agodina

agodina (nominative singular)
agodině (dual nominative)
agodiny (nominative plural)
agodiny (genitive singular)
agodinu (dual genitive)
agodinъ (genitive plural)
agodině (dative singular)
agodinama (dative dual)
agodinamъ (dative plural)
agodinǫ (accusative singular)
agodině (accusative dual)
agodiny (accusative plural)
agodinojǫ (instrumental singular)
agodinǫ (instrumental singular)
agodinama (dual instrumental)
agodinami (instrumental plural)
agodině (locative singular)
agodinu (dual locative)
agodinasъ (locative plural)
agodinaxъ (locative plural)
agodino (singular vocative)
agodině (dual vocative)
agodiny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: ягодина (jagodina, “Ficus sycomorus”)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: jȁgodina (“some plant”)

Cyrillic script: ја̏година (“some plant”)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jahodina (“strawberry bush”)

Czech: jahodina (“strawberry bush”)

(collective) some plants, possibly strawberries


agodьje

agodьje (nominative singular)
agodьja (genitive singular)
agodьju (dative singular)
agodьje (accusative singular)
agodьjьmь (instrumental singular)
agodьjemь (instrumental singular)
agodьji (locative singular)
agodьje (singular vocative)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: ягіддя (jahiddja)

South Slavic:

Slovene: jágodje (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: jahodí, jahůdí


agodišče

agodišče (nominative singular)
agodišča (genitive singular)
agodišču (dative singular)
agodišče (accusative singular)
agodiščьmь (instrumental singular)
agodiščemь (instrumental singular)
agodišči (locative singular)
agodišče (singular vocative)

West Slavic:

Czech: jahodiště

South Slavic

Kajkavian Serbo-Croatian: jagodište, jagodišće

(West and South Slavic) place where the berries grow, berry field