kypěti

kypě̀ti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
kypěnьje (noun-from-verb)
kypěti (infinitive)
kypětъ (supine)
kypělъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
kypěvъ (active participle past)
kypę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
kypěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kypě (aorist second-person singular)
kypě (aorist singular third-person)
kypľǫ (first-person present singular)
kypiši (present second-person singular)
kypitь (present singular third-person)
kypěxově (aorist dual first-person)
kypěsta (aorist dual second-person)
kypěste (aorist dual third-person)
kypivě (dual first-person present)
kypita (dual present second-person)
kypite (dual present third-person)
kypěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kypěste (aorist plural second-person)
kypěšę (aorist plural third-person)
kypimъ (first-person plural present)
kypite (plural present second-person)
kypętь (plural present third-person)
kypěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kypěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kypěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kypi (imperative second-person singular)
kypi (imperative singular third-person)
kypěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kypěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kypěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kypivě (dual first-person imperative)
kypita (dual imperative second-person)
kypěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kypěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kypěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kypimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kypite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кипѣти (kipěti), кꙑпѣти (kypěti)

Belarusian: кіпе́ць (kipjécʹ)

Russian: кипе́ть (kipétʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: кыпі́ти (kŷpíty)

Ukrainian: кипі́ти (kypíty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: кꙑпѣти (kypěti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: кипя́ (kipjá)

Macedonian: кипи (kipi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ки́пјети

Latin script: kípjeti

Slovene: kipẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: czipiec

Old Czech: kypěti

Czech: kypět

Polabian: ťaipĕ (3sg.)

Old Polish: kipieć

Polish: kipieć

Slovak: kypieť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kipjeć

Lower Sorbian: kipjeś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kup-, from Proto-Indo-European *kwep- (“to smoke, to boil, to move”) (reconstructed as *kweh₁p- in Rix (LIV), but per Derksen the laryngeal is unnecessary). Cognate with Lithuanian kūpė́ti (“to boil over”), 1sg. kūpù, 3sg. kū̃pa, Latvian kupêt, kupôt (“to seethe”). Probably also cognate with Sanskrit कुप्यति (kúpyati, “to be angry, to boil with emotion”) and Latin cupiō (“to desire”). Vasmer and Chernykh also link Latvian kûpêt (“to smoke, to steam”) but per Derksen this belongs to a different Indo-European root *k(ʷ)h₂up-.


mižati

mižanьje (noun-from-verb)
mižati (infinitive)
mižatъ (supine)
mižalъ (l-participle)
mižavъ (active participle past)
mižę (active participle present)
mižaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
miža (aorist second-person singular)
miža (aorist singular third-person)
mižǫ (first-person present singular)
mižiši (present second-person singular)
mižitь (present singular third-person)
mižaxově (aorist dual first-person)
mižasta (aorist dual second-person)
mižaste (aorist dual third-person)
miživě (dual first-person present)
mižita (dual present second-person)
mižite (dual present third-person)
mižaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mižaste (aorist plural second-person)
mižašę (aorist plural third-person)
mižimъ (first-person plural present)
mižite (plural present second-person)
mižętь (plural present third-person)
mižaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mižaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mižaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
miži (imperative second-person singular)
miži (imperative singular third-person)
mižaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mižaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mižaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
miživě (dual first-person imperative)
mižita (dual imperative second-person)
mižaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mižaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mižaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mižimъ (first-person imperative plural)
mižite (imperative plural second-person)
mižanьje (noun-from-verb)
mižati (infinitive)
mižatъ (supine)
mižalъ (l-participle)
mižavъ (active participle past)
mižaję (active participle present)
mižaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
miža (aorist second-person singular)
miža (aorist singular third-person)
mižajǫ (first-person present singular)
mižaješi (present second-person singular)
mižajetь (present singular third-person)
mižaxově (aorist dual first-person)
mižasta (aorist dual second-person)
mižaste (aorist dual third-person)
mižajevě (dual first-person present)
mižajeta (dual present second-person)
mižajete (dual present third-person)
mižaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mižaste (aorist plural second-person)
mižašę (aorist plural third-person)
mižajemъ (first-person plural present)
mižajete (plural present second-person)
mižajǫtь (plural present third-person)
mižaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mižaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mižaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
mižaji (imperative second-person singular)
mižaji (imperative singular third-person)
mižaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mižaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mižaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mižajivě (dual first-person imperative)
mižajita (dual imperative second-person)
mižaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mižaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mižaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mižajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
mižajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: міжа́ць (mižácʹ, “drizzle”)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мижати (“urinate”), миждати (“drizzle”)

Latin: mìžati

West Slavic: —

From earlier *mizjati, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃meyǵʰya-, from *h₃meyǵʰ- (“to urinate”). Identical to Latin mēiō (“I urinate”).


kydati

kỳdati (canonical imperfective)
kydnǫti (perfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
kydanьje (noun-from-verb)
kydati (infinitive)
kydatъ (supine)
kydalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
kydanъ (participle passive past)
kydajemъ (participle passive present)
kydavъ (active participle past)
kydaję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
kydaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kyda (aorist second-person singular)
kyda (aorist singular third-person)
kydajǫ (first-person present singular)
kydaješi (present second-person singular)
kydajetь (present singular third-person)
kydaxově (aorist dual first-person)
kydasta (aorist dual second-person)
kydaste (aorist dual third-person)
kydajevě (dual first-person present)
kydajeta (dual present second-person)
kydajete (dual present third-person)
kydaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kydaste (aorist plural second-person)
kydašę (aorist plural third-person)
kydajemъ (first-person plural present)
kydajete (plural present second-person)
kydajǫtь (plural present third-person)
kydaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kydaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kydaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kydaji (imperative second-person singular)
kydaji (imperative singular third-person)
kydaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kydaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kydaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kydajivě (dual first-person imperative)
kydajita (dual imperative second-person)
kydaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kydaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kydaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kydajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kydajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: кꙑдати (kydati), кидати (kidati)

Belarusian: кі́даць (kídacʹ)

Russian: кида́ть (kidátʹ)

Ukrainian: ки́дати (kýdaty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: искꙑдати (iskydati)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: ки́дам (kídam) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ки̏дати

Latin script: kȉdati

Slovene: kídati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: kydat

Old Polish: kidać

Polish: kidać (dialectal)

Slovak: kydať

Slovincian: kjidac

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kidać

Lower Sorbian: kidaś

Silesian:

Silesian: kidać

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kūˀdā́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewd-. Cognate with Sanskrit चोदति (códati, “to impel”), Old Norse skjóta (“to shoot, to shove”), English shoot, perhaps Albanian hedh (“to throw”). Per Derksen, the lengthened root vowel reflects Winter's law. Vasmer additionally includes Latvian kûdinât, kûdît (“to urge, to drive”), German hutzen (“to urge”), Sanskrit स्कुन्दते (skúndate, “to hurry”).


kydnǫti

kydati (imperfective)
kydnovenьje (noun-from-verb)
kydnǫti (infinitive)
kydnǫtъ (supine)
kydnǫlъ (l-participle)
kydnovenъ (participle passive past)
kydnǫvъ (active participle past)
kydnǫxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kydnǫ (aorist second-person singular)
kydnǫ (aorist singular third-person)
kydnǫ (first-person present singular)
kydneši (present second-person singular)
kydnetь (present singular third-person)
kydnǫxově (aorist dual first-person)
kydnǫsta (aorist dual second-person)
kydnǫste (aorist dual third-person)
kydnevě (dual first-person present)
kydneta (dual present second-person)
kydnete (dual present third-person)
kydnǫxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kydnǫste (aorist plural second-person)
kydnǫšę (aorist plural third-person)
kydnemъ (first-person plural present)
kydnete (plural present second-person)
kydnǫtь (plural present third-person)
kydni (imperative second-person singular)
kydni (imperative singular third-person)
kydněvě (dual first-person imperative)
kydněta (dual imperative second-person)
kydněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
kydněte (imperative plural second-person)
kydenьje (noun-from-verb)
kydnǫti (infinitive)
kydnǫtъ (supine)
kydlъ (l-participle)
kydenъ (participle passive past)
kydъ (active participle past)
kydъ (aorist first-person singular)
kydoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kyde (aorist second-person singular)
kyde (aorist singular third-person)
kydnǫ (first-person present singular)
kydneši (present second-person singular)
kydnetь (present singular third-person)
kydově (aorist dual first-person)
kydoxově (aorist dual first-person)
kydeta (aorist dual second-person)
kydosta (aorist dual second-person)
kydete (aorist dual third-person)
kydoste (aorist dual third-person)
kydnevě (dual first-person present)
kydneta (dual present second-person)
kydnete (dual present third-person)
kydomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kydoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kydete (aorist plural second-person)
kydoste (aorist plural second-person)
kydǫ (aorist plural third-person)
kydošę (aorist plural third-person)
kydnemъ (first-person plural present)
kydnete (plural present second-person)
kydnǫtь (plural present third-person)
kydni (imperative second-person singular)
kydni (imperative singular third-person)
kydněvě (dual first-person imperative)
kydněta (dual imperative second-person)
kydněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
kydněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: кꙑнѫти (kynǫti), кинути (kinuti)

Belarusian: кі́нуць (kínucʹ)

Russian: ки́нуть (kínutʹ)

Ukrainian: ки́нути (kýnuty)

South Slavic:

Church Slavonic: кꙑнѫти (kynǫti)

Bulgarian: ки́на (kína) (dialectal)

Macedonian: кине (kine)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ки̏нути

Latin script: kȉnuti

Slovene: kíniti (tonal orthography) (obsolete)

West Slavic:

Czech: kydnout

Old Polish: kinąć

Polish: kinąć (obsolete)

Slovak: kydnúť

Slovincian: kjynõc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kinyć

Lower Sorbian: kinuś


lьnǫti

lьpenьje (noun-from-verb)
lьnǫti (infinitive)
lьnǫtъ (supine)
lьplъ (l-participle)
lьpъ (active participle past)
lьny (active participle present)
lьpъ (aorist first-person singular)
lьpoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
lьpe (aorist second-person singular)
lьpe (aorist singular third-person)
lьnǫ (first-person present singular)
lьneši (present second-person singular)
lьnetь (present singular third-person)
lьpově (aorist dual first-person)
lьpoxově (aorist dual first-person)
lьpeta (aorist dual second-person)
lьposta (aorist dual second-person)
lьpete (aorist dual third-person)
lьposte (aorist dual third-person)
lьnevě (dual first-person present)
lьneta (dual present second-person)
lьnete (dual present third-person)
lьpomъ (aorist first-person plural)
lьpoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
lьpete (aorist plural second-person)
lьposte (aorist plural second-person)
lьpǫ (aorist plural third-person)
lьpošę (aorist plural third-person)
lьnemъ (first-person plural present)
lьnete (plural present second-person)
lьnǫtь (plural present third-person)
lьněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
lьněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
lьněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
lьni (imperative second-person singular)
lьni (imperative singular third-person)
lьněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
lьněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
lьněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
lьněvě (dual first-person imperative)
lьněta (dual imperative second-person)
lьněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
lьněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
lьněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
lьněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
lьněte (imperative plural second-person)
lьnovenьje (noun-from-verb)
lьnǫti (infinitive)
lьnǫtъ (supine)
lьnǫlъ (l-participle)
lьnǫvъ (active participle past)
lьny (active participle present)
lьnǫxъ (aorist first-person singular)
lьnǫ (aorist second-person singular)
lьnǫ (aorist singular third-person)
lьnǫ (first-person present singular)
lьneši (present second-person singular)
lьnetь (present singular third-person)
lьnǫxově (aorist dual first-person)
lьnǫsta (aorist dual second-person)
lьnǫste (aorist dual third-person)
lьnevě (dual first-person present)
lьneta (dual present second-person)
lьnete (dual present third-person)
lьnǫxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
lьnǫste (aorist plural second-person)
lьnǫšę (aorist plural third-person)
lьnemъ (first-person plural present)
lьnete (plural present second-person)
lьnǫtь (plural present third-person)
lьněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
lьněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
lьněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
lьni (imperative second-person singular)
lьni (imperative singular third-person)
lьněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
lьněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
lьněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
lьněvě (dual first-person imperative)
lьněta (dual imperative second-person)
lьněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
lьněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
lьněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
lьněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
lьněte (imperative plural second-person)
*lьpnǫti (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: льнꙋти (lĭnuti)

Belarusian: ільну́ць (ilʹnúcʹ)

Russian: льнуть (lʹnutʹ)

Ukrainian: льну́ти (lʹnúty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: прильнѫти (prilĭnǫti, “to stick”), 1sg. прильнѫ (prilĭnǫ)

Glagolitic script: [Term?]

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: прио̀нути

Latin script: priònuti

West Slavic:

Old Czech: lnúti, 1sg. lnu

Czech: lnout

Polish: lgnąć

Slovincian: lnõc

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *lip- + Proto-Slavic *-nǫti, from Proto-Indo-European *leyp-.
Cognate with Lithuanian li̇̀pti (“to stick”) (1sg. limpù), Latvian lipt (“to stick”), Sanskrit लिम्पति (limpáti, “to smear”), Ancient Greek λιπαίνω (lipaínō, “to oil”), Hittite [script needed] (lip-, “to smear”). Pokorny also links various other words with less obvious semantic connection, e.g. Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bilaibjan, “to leave, to abandon”), English leave, English live, Latin lippus (“festering”). See also *lěpiti.


lěpiti

lěpìti (canonical)
b (accent-paradigm)
lěpľenьje (noun-from-verb)
lěpiti (infinitive)
lěpitъ (supine)
lěpilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
lěpľenъ (participle passive past)
lěpimъ (participle passive present)
lěpľь (active participle past)
lěpę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
lěpixъ (aorist first-person singular)
lěpi (aorist second-person singular)
lěpi (aorist singular third-person)
lěpľǫ (first-person present singular)
lěpiši (present second-person singular)
lěpitь (present singular third-person)
lěpixově (aorist dual first-person)
lěpista (aorist dual second-person)
lěpiste (aorist dual third-person)
lěpivě (dual first-person present)
lěpita (dual present second-person)
lěpite (dual present third-person)
lěpixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
lěpiste (aorist plural second-person)
lěpišę (aorist plural third-person)
lěpimъ (first-person plural present)
lěpite (plural present second-person)
lěpętь (plural present third-person)
lěpľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
lěpľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
lěpľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
lěpi (imperative second-person singular)
lěpi (imperative singular third-person)
lěpľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
lěpľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
lěpľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
lěpivě (dual first-person imperative)
lěpita (dual imperative second-person)
lěpľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
lěpľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
lěpľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
lěpimъ (first-person imperative plural)
lěpite (imperative plural second-person)
c (accent-paradigm)
lěpľenьje (noun-from-verb)
lěpiti (infinitive)
lěpitъ (supine)
lěpilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
lěpľenъ (participle passive past)
lěpimъ (participle passive present)
lěpľь (active participle past)
lěpę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
lěpixъ (aorist first-person singular)
lěpi (aorist second-person singular)
lěpi (aorist singular third-person)
lěpľǫ (first-person present singular)
lěpiši (present second-person singular)
lěpitь (present singular third-person)
lěpixově (aorist dual first-person)
lěpista (aorist dual second-person)
lěpiste (aorist dual third-person)
lěpivě (dual first-person present)
lěpita (dual present second-person)
lěpite (dual present third-person)
lěpixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
lěpiste (aorist plural second-person)
lěpišę (aorist plural third-person)
lěpimъ (first-person plural present)
lěpite (plural present second-person)
lěpętь (plural present third-person)
lěpľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
lěpľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
lěpľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
lěpi (imperative second-person singular)
lěpi (imperative singular third-person)
lěpľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
lěpľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
lěpľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
lěpivě (dual first-person imperative)
lěpita (dual imperative second-person)
lěpľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
lěpľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
lěpľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
lěpimъ (first-person imperative plural)
lěpite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: лѣпити (lěpiti), лѣпитисѧ (lěpitisę)

Belarusian: ляпи́ць (ljapícʹ)

Russian: лепи́ть (lepítʹ)

Ukrainian: ліпи́ти (lipýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: прилѣпити (prilěpiti)

Glagolitic script: [Term?]

Bulgarian: лепя́ (lepjá)

Macedonian: лепи (lepi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ле́пити

Latin script: lépiti

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: lepīti, lẹ́piti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: lepiti

Czech: lepit

Old Polish: lepić

Polish: lepić

Slovak: lepiť

Slovincian: lêpjic (“to glue”)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: lěpić

Lower Sorbian: lěpiś

Non-Slavic:

desc

→ Aromanian: alãchescu, alichescu, alãchiest

→ Romanian: lipi

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *laip-, from Proto-Indo-European *loyp-eye-, from *leyp-.
Cognate with Lithuanian lipi̇̀nti (“to glue, to stick”), láipioti (“to glue, to stick”) (dialectal), li̇̀pti (“to stick”) (1sg. limpù), Latvian lipt (“to stick”), Sanskrit लेपयति (lepayati, “to smear”), लिम्पति (limpáti, “to smear”), Ancient Greek λιπαίνω (lipaínō, “to oil”), Hittite [script needed] (lip-, “to smear”). Pokorny also links various other words with less obvious semantic connection, e.g. Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bilaibjan, “to leave, to abandon”), English leave, English live, Latin lippus (“festering”). See also *lьnǫti.


puxnǫti

pušenьje (noun-from-verb)
puxnǫti (infinitive)
puxnǫtъ (supine)
puxlъ (l-participle)
puxъ (active participle past)
puxny (active participle present)
puxъ (aorist first-person singular)
puxoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
puše (aorist second-person singular)
puše (aorist singular third-person)
puxnǫ (first-person present singular)
puxneši (present second-person singular)
puxnetь (present singular third-person)
puxově (aorist dual first-person)
puxoxově (aorist dual first-person)
puxeta (aorist dual second-person)
puxosta (aorist dual second-person)
puxete (aorist dual third-person)
puxoste (aorist dual third-person)
puxnevě (dual first-person present)
puxneta (dual present second-person)
puxnete (dual present third-person)
puxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
puxoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
puxete (aorist plural second-person)
puxoste (aorist plural second-person)
puxǫ (aorist plural third-person)
puxošę (aorist plural third-person)
puxnemъ (first-person plural present)
puxnete (plural present second-person)
puxnǫtь (plural present third-person)
puxněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
puxněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
puxněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
puxni (imperative second-person singular)
puxni (imperative singular third-person)
puxněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
puxněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
puxněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
puxněvě (dual first-person imperative)
puxněta (dual imperative second-person)
puxněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
puxněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
puxněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
puxněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
puxněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: пꙋхнꙋти (puxnuti) (rare)

Belarusian: пу́хнуць (púxnucʹ)

Russian: пу́хнуть (púxnutʹ, “to swell”)

Ukrainian: пу́хнути (púxnuty)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: пу́хна (púhna, “to cover with smoke”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пу́хнути (“to blow”), 1sg. пу̑хне̄м

Latin: púhnuti (“to blow”), 1sg. pȗhnēm

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: púhniti (“to blow, to blast”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. pȗhnem (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: puchnout (“to swell”)

Polish: puchnąć (“to swell”)

Slovak: puchnúť (“to swell”)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: puchnyć (“to sweat”)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pauš- + Proto-Slavic *-nǫti, from Proto-Indo-European *pews-. Cognate with Lithuanian pũsti (“to blow”), 1sg. puciù, pùsti (“to inflate”), 1sg. puntù, pūslė̃ (“blister, bladder”), Norwegian føysa (“to swell”), Sanskrit पुष्यति (púṣyati, “to thrive”), Latin pustula (“bubble”), possibly Ancient Greek φῡσάω (phūsáō, “to snort”), φῦσα (phûsa, “bellows, bubble”), Old Armenian փուք (pʻukʻ, “breath”).


puxati

puxàti (canonical imperfective)
puxanьje (noun-from-verb)
puxati (infinitive)
puxatъ (supine)
puxalъ (l-participle)
puxanъ (participle passive past)
pušemъ (participle passive present)
puxavъ (active participle past)
pušę (active participle present)
puxaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
puxa (aorist second-person singular)
puxa (aorist singular third-person)
pušǫ (first-person present singular)
pušeši (present second-person singular)
pušetь (present singular third-person)
puxaxově (aorist dual first-person)
puxasta (aorist dual second-person)
puxaste (aorist dual third-person)
puševě (dual first-person present)
pušeta (dual present second-person)
pušete (dual present third-person)
puxaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
puxaste (aorist plural second-person)
puxašę (aorist plural third-person)
pušemъ (first-person plural present)
pušete (plural present second-person)
pušǫtь (plural present third-person)
puxaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
puxaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
puxaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
puši (imperative second-person singular)
puši (imperative singular third-person)
puxaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
puxaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
puxaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pušivě (dual first-person imperative)
pušita (dual imperative second-person)
puxaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
puxaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
puxaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pušimъ (first-person imperative plural)
pušite (imperative plural second-person)
puxanьje (noun-from-verb)
puxati (infinitive)
puxatъ (supine)
puxalъ (l-participle)
puxanъ (participle passive past)
puxajemъ (participle passive present)
puxavъ (active participle past)
puxaję (active participle present)
puxaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
puxa (aorist second-person singular)
puxa (aorist singular third-person)
puxajǫ (first-person present singular)
puxaješi (present second-person singular)
puxajetь (present singular third-person)
puxaxově (aorist dual first-person)
puxasta (aorist dual second-person)
puxaste (aorist dual third-person)
puxajevě (dual first-person present)
puxajeta (dual present second-person)
puxajete (dual present third-person)
puxaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
puxaste (aorist plural second-person)
puxašę (aorist plural third-person)
puxajemъ (first-person plural present)
puxajete (plural present second-person)
puxajǫtь (plural present third-person)
puxaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
puxaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
puxaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
puxaji (imperative second-person singular)
puxaji (imperative singular third-person)
puxaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
puxaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
puxaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
puxajivě (dual first-person imperative)
puxajita (dual imperative second-person)
puxaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
puxaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
puxaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
puxajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
puxajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Church Slavonic: пухати (puxati)

Bulgarian: пу́ша (púša)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пу́хати

Latin script: púhati

Slovene: pūhati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: puchati

Czech: napuchati, opuchati

Polish: puchać

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: puchać

Lower Sorbian: puchaś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pauš- + Proto-Slavic *-ati, from Proto-Indo-European *pews-. Cognate with Lithuanian pũsti (“to blow”), 1sg. puciù, pùsti (“to inflate”), 1sg. puntù, pūslė̃ (“blister, bladder”), Norwegian føysa (“to swell”), Sanskrit पुष्यति (púṣyati, “to thrive”), Latin pustula (“bubble”), possibly Ancient Greek φῡσάω (phūsáō, “to snort”), φῦσα (phûsa, “bellows, bubble”), Old Armenian փուք (pʻukʻ, “breath”).


pьlzati

pь̀lzati (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
pьlzanьje (noun-from-verb)
pьlzati (infinitive)
pьlzatъ (supine)
pьlzalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
pьlzavъ (active participle past)
pelžę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
pьlzaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
pьlza (aorist second-person singular)
pьlza (aorist singular third-person)
pelžǫ (first-person present singular)
pelžeši (present second-person singular)
pelžetь (present singular third-person)
pьlzaxově (aorist dual first-person)
pьlzasta (aorist dual second-person)
pьlzaste (aorist dual third-person)
pelževě (dual first-person present)
pelžeta (dual present second-person)
pelžete (dual present third-person)
pьlzaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pьlzaste (aorist plural second-person)
pьlzašę (aorist plural third-person)
pelžemъ (first-person plural present)
pelžete (plural present second-person)
pelžǫtь (plural present third-person)
pьlzaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pьlzaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pьlzaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pelži (imperative second-person singular)
pelži (imperative singular third-person)
pьlzaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pьlzaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pьlzaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pelživě (dual first-person imperative)
pelžita (dual imperative second-person)
pьlzaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pьlzaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pьlzaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pelžimъ (first-person imperative plural)
pelžite (imperative plural second-person)
pьlzanьje (noun-from-verb)
pьlzati (infinitive)
pьlzatъ (supine)
pьlzalъ (l-participle)
pьlzavъ (active participle past)
pьlzaję (active participle present)
pьlzaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
pьlza (aorist second-person singular)
pьlza (aorist singular third-person)
pьlzajǫ (first-person present singular)
pьlzaješi (present second-person singular)
pьlzajetь (present singular third-person)
pьlzaxově (aorist dual first-person)
pьlzasta (aorist dual second-person)
pьlzaste (aorist dual third-person)
pьlzajevě (dual first-person present)
pьlzajeta (dual present second-person)
pьlzajete (dual present third-person)
pьlzaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pьlzaste (aorist plural second-person)
pьlzašę (aorist plural third-person)
pьlzajemъ (first-person plural present)
pьlzajete (plural present second-person)
pьlzajǫtь (plural present third-person)
pьlzaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pьlzaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pьlzaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pьlzaji (imperative second-person singular)
pьlzaji (imperative singular third-person)
pьlzaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pьlzaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pьlzaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pьlzajivě (dual first-person imperative)
pьlzajita (dual imperative second-person)
pьlzaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pьlzaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pьlzaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pьlzajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
pьlzajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: пълзати (pŭlzati)

Belarusian: по́ўзаць (póŭzacʹ)

Russian: по́лзать (pólzatʹ), 1sg. по́лзаю (pólzaju)

Ukrainian: по́взати (póvzaty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: пльзати (plĭzati)

Glagolitic: ⱂⰾⱐⰸⰰⱅⰻ (plĭzati)

Bulgarian: пълзя́ (pǎlzjá)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пу̏зати

Latin: pȕzati

Slovene: półzati (tonal orthography), 1sg. półzam (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Polish: pełzać

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pilźtei.
Per Derksen, we must reconstruct a Proto-Indo-European root *pelHǵʰ- with a laryngeal due to the Balto-Slavic acute on the root. Probably connected with *pȏlzъ (“sledge runner? reptile? plough sole? ("crawling thing")”); possibly connected with Old High German felga (“felly, harrow”). Chernykh notes the difficulties with this root but suggests a possible relationship with Proto-Slavic *polsà (“strip”), with an alternation between voiced and voiceless consonants sometimes observed in other roots.


dъxnǫti

dyšati (imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
dъšenьje (noun-from-verb)
dъxnǫti (infinitive)
dъxnǫtъ (supine)
dъxlъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
dъšenъ (participle passive past)
dъxnomъ (participle passive present)
dъxъ (active participle past)
dъxny (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
dъxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dъxoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dъše (aorist second-person singular)
dъše (aorist singular third-person)
dъxnǫ (first-person present singular)
dъxneši (present second-person singular)
dъxnetь (present singular third-person)
dъxově (aorist dual first-person)
dъxoxově (aorist dual first-person)
dъxeta (aorist dual second-person)
dъxosta (aorist dual second-person)
dъxete (aorist dual third-person)
dъxoste (aorist dual third-person)
dъxnevě (dual first-person present)
dъxneta (dual present second-person)
dъxnete (dual present third-person)
dъxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dъxoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dъxete (aorist plural second-person)
dъxoste (aorist plural second-person)
dъxǫ (aorist plural third-person)
dъxošę (aorist plural third-person)
dъxnemъ (first-person plural present)
dъxnete (plural present second-person)
dъxnǫtь (plural present third-person)
dъxněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dъxněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dъxněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dъxni (imperative second-person singular)
dъxni (imperative singular third-person)
dъxněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dъxněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dъxněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dъxněvě (dual first-person imperative)
dъxněta (dual imperative second-person)
dъxněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dъxněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dъxněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dъxněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
dъxněte (imperative plural second-person)
b (accent-paradigm)
dъxnovenьje (noun-from-verb)
dъxnǫti (infinitive)
dъxnǫtъ (supine)
dъxnǫlъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
dъxnovenъ (participle passive past)
dъxnomъ (participle passive present)
dъxnǫvъ (active participle past)
dъxny (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
dъxnǫxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dъxnǫ (aorist second-person singular)
dъxnǫ (aorist singular third-person)
dъxnǫ (first-person present singular)
dъxneši (present second-person singular)
dъxnetь (present singular third-person)
dъxnǫxově (aorist dual first-person)
dъxnǫsta (aorist dual second-person)
dъxnǫste (aorist dual third-person)
dъxnevě (dual first-person present)
dъxneta (dual present second-person)
dъxnete (dual present third-person)
dъxnǫxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dъxnǫste (aorist plural second-person)
dъxnǫšę (aorist plural third-person)
dъxnemъ (first-person plural present)
dъxnete (plural present second-person)
dъxnǫtь (plural present third-person)
dъxněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dъxněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dъxněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dъxni (imperative second-person singular)
dъxni (imperative singular third-person)
dъxněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dъxněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dъxněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dъxněvě (dual first-person imperative)
dъxněta (dual imperative second-person)
dъxněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dъxněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dъxněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dъxněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
dъxněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: дъхнѫти (dŭxnǫti), дъхнути (dŭxnuti)

Belarusian: до́хнуць (dóxnucʹ, “to croak, to die”)

Russian: дохну́ть (doxnútʹ, “to breathe, to blow”), до́хнуть (dóxnutʹ, “to croak, to die”)

Ukrainian: дохну́ти (doxnúty, “to sigh”), дхну́ти (dxnúty, “to breathe”), до́хнути (dóxnuty, “to croak, to die”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: дъхнѫти (dŭxnǫti)

Glagolitic: ⰄⰟⰘⰐⰨⰕⰋ (DŬXNǪTI)

Bulgarian: дъ́хна (dǎ́hna)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: да̀хнути

Latin script: dàhnuti

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: dəhníti, dáhniti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: dchnout, dechnout, tchnout

Old Polish: tchnąć, dchnąć

Polish: tchnąć

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: dchnąc, tchnąc

Slovak: dochnúť

From *dъxъ (“breath, sniff”) + *-nǫti, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰews-. Cognate with Lithuanian dùsti (“to suffocate”) (Eastern dialectal), dvė̃sti (“to breathe, to blow”), dūsė́ti (“to breathe heavily”), dūsúoti (“to breathe heavily”), dū́sauti (“to sigh”); Latvian dust (“to gasp”), dvèst (“to breathe heavily”); Gothic 𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍃 (dius, “wild animal”), English deer.

to inspire; inspiration; inspired; inspirator

vъdъxnǫti*vъdъxnovenьje ()*vъdъxnovenъ ()*vъdъxnoviteľь ()


gradъ

gràdъ (canonical masculine)
gràdъ (nominative singular)
gràda (dual nominative)
gràdi (nominative plural)
gràda (genitive singular)
gràdu (dual genitive)
gràdъ (genitive plural)
gràdu (dative singular)
gràdoma (dative dual)
gràdomъ (dative plural)
gràdъ (accusative singular)
gràda (accusative dual)
gràdy (accusative plural)
gràdъmь (instrumental singular)
gràdomь (instrumental singular)
gràdoma (dual instrumental)
gràdȳ (instrumental plural)
gràdě (locative singular)
gràdu (dual locative)
gràdě̄xъ (locative plural)
gràde (singular vocative)
gràda (dual vocative)
gràdi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: градъ (gradŭ)

Belarusian: град (hrad)

Russian: град (grad)

Ukrainian: град (hrad)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: градъ (gradŭ)

Glagolitic: ⰳⱃⰰⰴⱏ (gradŭ)

Bulgarian: град (grad)

Macedonian: град (grad)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гра̏д

Latin script: grȁd

Slovene: grȁd (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hrad (“hail”)

Czech: hrady (“thundercloud”, pl.), dialectal hraď (“hail”)

Kashubian: grôd

Polabian: grod

Polish: grad

Slovak: hrad, hrád

Slovincian: grod

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: grad

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰreh₃d-. Cognate with Sanskrit ह्रादुनि (hrādúni, “hail(stone)”), Latin grandō (“hail”), Old Armenian կարկուտ (karkut, “hail”) < *ka-krut < *ga-grōdo-. Possibly cognate with Lithuanian grúodas (“frozen earth or mud”), although Derksen considers it more likely to be cognate instead with *grǫda, *gruda (“heap, lump”), Lithuanian grū́das (“corn”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrewd-.


želěti

a (accent-paradigm)
želěnьje (noun-from-verb)
želěti (infinitive)
želětъ (supine)
želělъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
želěnъ (participle passive past)
želějemъ (participle passive present)
želěvъ (active participle past)
želěję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
želěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
želě (aorist second-person singular)
želě (aorist singular third-person)
želějǫ (first-person present singular)
želěješi (present second-person singular)
želějetь (present singular third-person)
želěxově (aorist dual first-person)
želěsta (aorist dual second-person)
želěste (aorist dual third-person)
želějevě (dual first-person present)
želějeta (dual present second-person)
želějete (dual present third-person)
želěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
želěste (aorist plural second-person)
želěšę (aorist plural third-person)
želějemъ (first-person plural present)
želějete (plural present second-person)
želějǫtь (plural present third-person)
želěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
želěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
želěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
želěji (imperative second-person singular)
želěji (imperative singular third-person)
želěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
želěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
želěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
želějivě (dual first-person imperative)
želějita (dual imperative second-person)
želěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
želěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
želěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
želějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
želějite (imperative plural second-person)

Church Slavonic: желѣти (želěti, “to regret, to grieve”) (Russian)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: жeлѣти (želěti)

Old Ruthenian: жалѣ́ти (žalě́ti)

Ukrainian: жалі́ти (žalíty)

Russian: жале́ть (žalétʹ)

South Slavic:

i

re-shaped under the influence of <i class="Latn mention" lang="sla-pro">*žalь</i>

Bulgarian: желе́я (želéja) (dialectal), жале́я (žaléja) (standard, re-shaped under the influence of *žalь)

West Slavic:

desctree

Old Czech: žěleti, žěliti
Czech: želet
→ Old Polish: żeleć

Slovak: želeť

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH-; see also *žalь (“grief, pity”). Baltic cognates include Lithuanian gėlà (“acute pain”), gélti (“to hurt sharply, to sting”), gi̇̀lti (“to become sick”), 1sg. gi̇̀lstu, gilaũ (?), Latvian dzel̂t (“to stab”). Indo-European cognates include Old High German quāla (“violent death”), quelan (“to feel a sharp pain”), Old Saxon quāla (“pain, torture”), Old English cwelan (“to die”), English quell, Old Armenian կեղեմ (kełem, “to torment”), Old Armenian կեղ (keł, “sore, ulcer”). Possibly cognate with Ancient Greek βελόνη (belónē, “blade, nail”) and βούλομαι (boúlomai, “to want, will”).


želěti

*želàti (alternative)
c? (accent-paradigm)
želěnьje (noun-from-verb)
želěti (infinitive)
želětъ (supine)
želělъ (l-participle)
c? (accent-paradigm)
želěnъ (participle passive past)
želimъ (participle passive present)
želěvъ (active participle past)
želę (active participle present)
c? (accent-paradigm)
želěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
želě (aorist second-person singular)
želě (aorist singular third-person)
žeľǫ (first-person present singular)
želiši (present second-person singular)
želitь (present singular third-person)
želěxově (aorist dual first-person)
želěsta (aorist dual second-person)
želěste (aorist dual third-person)
želivě (dual first-person present)
želita (dual present second-person)
želite (dual present third-person)
želěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
želěste (aorist plural second-person)
želěšę (aorist plural third-person)
želimъ (first-person plural present)
želite (plural present second-person)
želętь (plural present third-person)
želěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
želěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
želěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
želi (imperative second-person singular)
želi (imperative singular third-person)
želěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
želěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
želěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
želivě (dual first-person imperative)
želita (dual imperative second-person)
želěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
želěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
želěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
želimъ (first-person imperative plural)
želite (imperative plural second-person)
c? (accent-paradigm)
želěnьje (noun-from-verb)
želěti (infinitive)
želětъ (supine)
želělъ (l-participle)
c? (accent-paradigm)
želěnъ (participle passive past)
želějemъ (participle passive present)
želěvъ (active participle past)
želěję (active participle present)
c? (accent-paradigm)
želěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
želě (aorist second-person singular)
želě (aorist singular third-person)
želějǫ (first-person present singular)
želěješi (present second-person singular)
želějetь (present singular third-person)
želěxově (aorist dual first-person)
želěsta (aorist dual second-person)
želěste (aorist dual third-person)
želějevě (dual first-person present)
želějeta (dual present second-person)
želějete (dual present third-person)
želěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
želěste (aorist plural second-person)
želěšę (aorist plural third-person)
želějemъ (first-person plural present)
želějete (plural present second-person)
želějǫtь (plural present third-person)
želěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
želěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
želěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
želěji (imperative second-person singular)
želěji (imperative singular third-person)
želěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
želěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
želěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
želějivě (dual first-person imperative)
želějita (dual imperative second-person)
želěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
želěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
želěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
želějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
želějite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: желати (želati), 1sg. желаю (želaju); literary желѣти (želěti), 1sg. желю (želju), желѣю (želěju)

Russian: жела́ть (želátʹ), 1sg. жела́ю (želáju)

Ukrainian: жела́ти (želáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: желѣти (želěti), 1sg. желѣѭ (želějǫ); желати (želati), 1sg. желаѭ (želajǫ)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: жела́я (želája)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жѐљети, 1sg. жѐлӣм

Latin: žèljeti, 1sg. žèlīm

Slovene: želẹ́ti (tonal orthography), 1sg. želím (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: želeti, 1sg. želeji

Slovak: želieť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: želić

Rick Derksen
ru:Черных, Павел Яковлевич

From Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)gʷʰel-. Cognate with Ancient Greek θέλω (thélō, “to wish, to want”). Per Chernykh also cognate with Old Norse gilja (“to lure, to seduce, to tempt”).


želati

želàti (canonical)
a (accent-paradigm)
želanьje (noun-from-verb)
želati (infinitive)
želatъ (supine)
želalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
želanъ (participle passive past)
želajemъ (participle passive present)
želavъ (active participle past)
želaję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
želaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
žela (aorist second-person singular)
žela (aorist singular third-person)
želajǫ (first-person present singular)
želaješi (present second-person singular)
želajetь (present singular third-person)
želaxově (aorist dual first-person)
želasta (aorist dual second-person)
želaste (aorist dual third-person)
želajevě (dual first-person present)
želajeta (dual present second-person)
želajete (dual present third-person)
želaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
želaste (aorist plural second-person)
želašę (aorist plural third-person)
želajemъ (first-person plural present)
želajete (plural present second-person)
želajǫtь (plural present third-person)
želaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
želaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
želaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
želaji (imperative second-person singular)
želaji (imperative singular third-person)
želaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
želaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
želaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
želajivě (dual first-person imperative)
želajita (dual imperative second-person)
želaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
želaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
želaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
želajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
želajite (imperative plural second-person)

Alternative form of *želěti (“to wish, to want”)


gynǫti

gỳnǫti (canonical)
a (accent-paradigm)
gybenьje (noun-from-verb)
gynǫti (infinitive)
gynǫtъ (supine)
gyblъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
gybenъ (participle passive past)
gynomъ (participle passive present)
gybъ (active participle past)
gyny (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
gybъ (aorist first-person singular)
gyboxъ (aorist first-person singular)
gybe (aorist second-person singular)
gybe (aorist singular third-person)
gynǫ (first-person present singular)
gyneši (present second-person singular)
gynetь (present singular third-person)
gybově (aorist dual first-person)
gyboxově (aorist dual first-person)
gybeta (aorist dual second-person)
gybosta (aorist dual second-person)
gybete (aorist dual third-person)
gyboste (aorist dual third-person)
gynevě (dual first-person present)
gyneta (dual present second-person)
gynete (dual present third-person)
gybomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gyboxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gybete (aorist plural second-person)
gyboste (aorist plural second-person)
gybǫ (aorist plural third-person)
gybošę (aorist plural third-person)
gynemъ (first-person plural present)
gynete (plural present second-person)
gynǫtь (plural present third-person)
gyněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gyněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gyněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gyni (imperative second-person singular)
gyni (imperative singular third-person)
gyněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gyněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gyněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gyněvě (dual first-person imperative)
gyněta (dual imperative second-person)
gyněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gyněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gyněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gyněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
gyněte (imperative plural second-person)
*gybnǫti (alternative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: гꙑнѫти (gynǫti), гꙑбнѫти (gybnǫti)

Belarusian: гі́нуць (hínucʹ)

Russian: ги́бнуть (gíbnutʹ); low colloquial ги́нуть (gínutʹ)

Ukrainian: ги́нути (hýnuty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: гꙑбнѫти (gybnǫti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: ги́на (gína)

Macedonian: гине (gine), гибне (gibne)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ги̏нути

Latin script: gȉnuti

Slovene: gíniti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hynúti

Czech: hynout

Polabian: ďainǫt

Old Polish: ginąć

Polish: ginąć, archaic gibnąć

Slovak: hynúť

Slovincian: gjybnõc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: hinyć

Lower Sorbian: ginuś

Per Derksen, the root vowel stems from lengthening of the zero grade of Proto-Indo-European *gʰubʰ- from the root *gʰewbʰ-, with the addition of the Proto-Slavic suffix *-nǫti; the acute tone of the root is a secondary development, common in verbs ending in *-nǫti. Compare *gubìti (“to destroy”), the corresponding causative. Also cognate with *gъbnǫti (“to bend”). Other scholars reconstruct the PIE root differently from Derksen; see discussion under *gъbnǫti.


velьrybъ

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: велриба f

Latin script: velriba f

West Slavic:

Czech: velryba f

Polish: wieloryb m

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: wiôlgòrëba f

Slovak: veľryba f

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wjelryba f

Upper Sorbian: wjelryba f

A partial calque of Middle High German walvisch.


mačьka

mačьka (nominative singular)
mačьcě (dual nominative)
mačьky (nominative plural)
mačьky (genitive singular)
mačьku (dual genitive)
mačьkъ (genitive plural)
mačьcě (dative singular)
mačьkama (dative dual)
mačьkamъ (dative plural)
mačьkǫ (accusative singular)
mačьcě (accusative dual)
mačьky (accusative plural)
mačьkojǫ (instrumental singular)
mačьkǫ (instrumental singular)
mačьkama (dual instrumental)
mačьkami (instrumental plural)
mačьcě (locative singular)
mačьku (dual locative)
mačьkasъ (locative plural)
mačьkaxъ (locative plural)
mačьko (singular vocative)
mačьcě (dual vocative)
mačьky (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Carpathian Rusyn: ма́чка (máčka)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: мацка (macka)

Macedonian: мачка (mačka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ма̏чка

Latin script: mȁčka

Slovene: mȃčka

West Slavic:

Czech: mačka

Old Slovak: mačka

Pannonian Rusyn: мачка (mačka)

Slovak: mačka

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: macska

Most likely from *maca (“pussycat, kitty”) + *-ьka (diminutive suffix); however, note that *maca is only attested in South Slavic. Possibly it used to have a wider distribution. Alternatively perhaps from the same onomatopeic form that gave rise to *maca independently suffixed with *-ьka; compare Serbo-Croatian mac (“utterance used to summon cats”).


veťь

vȅťь (canonical feminine)
vȅťь (nominative singular)
vȅťi (dual nominative)
vȅťi (nominative plural)
veťí (genitive singular)
veťьjù (dual genitive)
veťь̀jь (genitive plural)
vȅťi (dative singular)
veťьmà (dative dual)
vȅťьmъ (dative plural)
vȅťь (accusative singular)
vȅťi (accusative dual)
vȅťi (accusative plural)
veťьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
veťьmà (dual instrumental)
veťьmì (instrumental plural)
veťí (locative singular)
veťьjù (dual locative)
vȅťьxъ (locative plural)
veťi (singular vocative)
vȅťi (dual vocative)
vȅťi (plural vocative)
*věťь (alternative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

desctree

Old Cyrillic script: вещь (veštĭ)
Bulgarian: вещ (vešt)
→ Old East Slavic: вещь (veščĭ)
Russian: вещь (veščʹ)
→ Armenian: վեշ (veš)
→ Azerbaijani: veş
→ Georgian: ვეში (veši)
→ Kildin Sami: ве̄шшь (viešš’)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: věc

Czech: věc

Bohemian (Chod dialect): věc

Kashubian: wiec

Polish: wiec

Slovak: vec

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wěc

Lower Sorbian: wěc

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wektís, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *wékʷ-ti-s ~ *ukʷ-téy-s, from *wekʷ- (“to speak”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *wihtiz.


gorxъ

gòrxъ (canonical masculine)
gòrxъ (nominative singular)
gòrxa (dual nominative)
gòrśi (nominative plural)
gòrxa (genitive singular)
gòrxu (dual genitive)
gòrxъ (genitive plural)
gòrxu (dative singular)
gòrxoma (dative dual)
gòrxomъ (dative plural)
gòrxъ (accusative singular)
gòrxa (accusative dual)
gòrxy (accusative plural)
gòrxъmь (instrumental singular)
gòrxomь (instrumental singular)
gòrxoma (dual instrumental)
gòrxȳ (instrumental plural)
gòrśě (locative singular)
gòrxu (dual locative)
gòrśě̄xъ (locative plural)
gòrše (singular vocative)
gòrxa (dual vocative)
gòrśi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: горохъ (goroxŭ)
Old Ruthenian: горо́хъ (horóx)
Belarusian: гаро́х (haróx)
Carpathian Rusyn: горо́х (horóx)
Ukrainian: горо́х (horóx), го́рох (hórox) (dialectal)
Russian: горо́х (goróx)

Old Novgorodian: горохъ (goroxŭ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: грах (grah)

desc

Macedonian: грав (grav), грашок (grašok)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гра̏х, гра́шак

Latin script: grȁh, grášak

Slovene: grȁh (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: groch

Lower Sorbian: groch

Upper Sorbian: hroch

Old Czech: hrách
Czech: hrách

desctree

Old Polish: groch
Polish: groch
Silesian: groch

Polabian: gorx

Slovak: hrach, hrášok

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *garšas. Cognate with Latvian gārša, Lithuanian garšvà (“ground elder”), gar̃šas.


motyľь

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *мотꙑль (*motylĭ)

Old Ruthenian: моты́ль (motýlʹ)

Belarusian: маты́ль (matýlʹ); мо́тыль (mótylʹ) (dialectal)

Carpathian Rusyn: моты́ль (motŷ́lʹ)

desc

Ukrainian: моти́ль (motýlʹ); мати́ль (matýlʹ), моті́ль (motílʹ) (dialectal)

Russian: моты́ль (motýlʹ)

South Slavic:

Slovene: metulj

West Slavic:

Old Czech: motýl

Czech: motýl; motiľ, motyľa f, motyla f, motyľ (dialectal)

Old Polish: motyl

Polish: motyl; motyͤl, mᵘ̯otyl (dialectal)

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: mòtil

Old Slovak: motýľ

Pannonian Rusyn: мотиль (motilʹ)

Slovak: motýľ


grǫdь

grǫ̑dь (canonical feminine)
grǫ̑dь (nominative singular)
grǫ̑di (dual nominative)
grǫ̑di (nominative plural)
grǫdí (genitive singular)
grǫdьjù (dual genitive)
grǫdь̀jь (genitive plural)
grǫ̑di (dative singular)
grǫdьmà (dative dual)
grǫ̑dьmъ (dative plural)
grǫ̑dь (accusative singular)
grǫ̑di (accusative dual)
grǫ̑di (accusative plural)
grǫdьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
grǫdьmà (dual instrumental)
grǫdьmì (instrumental plural)
grǫdí (locative singular)
grǫdьjù (dual locative)
grǫ̑dьxъ (locative plural)
grǫdi (singular vocative)
grǫ̑di (dual vocative)
grǫ̑di (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: гру́дзі (hrúdzi)

Russian: грудь (grudʹ)

Ukrainian: гру́ди (hrúdy)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: гръд (grǎd), гръ́нди pl (grǎ́ndi) (dialectal)

Macedonian: гради (gradi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: груди

Latin script: grudi

Slovene: grọ̑d (tonal orthography) (obsolete)

West Slavic:

Czech: hruď

desctree

Old Polish: grędzi
Polish: grędź (rare, obsolete)

Slovak: hruď

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *grandis, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰrondʰ-i-s, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰrendʰ-. Probably related to *grùda (“heap, lump”).


gǫba

gǫ̀ba (canonical feminine)
gǫ̀ba (nominative singular)
gǫ̀bě (dual nominative)
gǫ̀by (nominative plural)
gǫ̀by (genitive singular)
gǫ̀bu (dual genitive)
gǫ̀bъ (genitive plural)
gǫ̀bě (dative singular)
gǫ̀bama (dative dual)
gǫ̀bamъ (dative plural)
gǫ̀bǫ (accusative singular)
gǫ̀bě (accusative dual)
gǫ̀by (accusative plural)
gǫ̀bojǫ (instrumental singular)
gǫ̀bǭ (instrumental singular)
gǫ̀bama (dual instrumental)
gǫ̀bamī (instrumental plural)
gǫ̀bě (locative singular)
gǫ̀bu (dual locative)
gǫ̀basъ (locative plural)
gǫ̀baxъ (locative plural)
gǫ̀bo (singular vocative)
gǫ̀bě (dual vocative)
gǫ̀by (plural vocative)

Marko Snoj
Rick Derksen
uk:Мельничук Олександр Савич

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гѫ́ба (gǫ́ba)

Belarusian: губа́ (hubá)

Ukrainian: губа́ (hubá)

Middle Russian: гу́ба́ (gúbá)

Russian: губа́ (gubá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: гѫба (gǫba)

desc

Bulgarian: гъ́ба (gǎ́ba), гъ́мба (gǎ́mba) (dialectal)

Macedonian: габа (gaba)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гу̏ба

Latin script: gȕba

Slovene: gọ́ba (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: húba

Czech: houba (“sponge”), huba (“mouth”)

→ Polish: huba (“polypore”)

Polish: gęba (“mouth, mug”)

→ Ukrainian: ґе́мба (gémba)

Silesian: gymba

Old Slovak: huba

Pannonian Rusyn: (dialectal, Kucura) губа (huba, “sponge”)

Slovak: huba (“mushroom”)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: huba

→ Hungarian: gomba

→ Proto-Turkic: *kömbe

Probably substantivization of Proto-Balto-Slavic *gúmˀbas (“bulged, bloated”) + *-a. Cognate with Lithuanian gum̃bas (“bulge”) (with métatonie douce), gémbė (“nail”), Latvian gum̃ba (“tumor”). Further origin uncertain:
* An old hypothesis due to Pedersen, Berneker suggests possible relationship (through metathesis) with Ancient Greek σπόγγος (spóngos, “fungus”), Latin fungus. Doubted by Vasmer, Trubačev, Derksen.
* Trubačev additionally draws comparison to Proto-Germanic *wambō (“womb”), Sanskrit गभ (gabhá, “vagina”) (which however requires a circumflex root). A more likely Germanic cognate is Norwegian kump (“lump, bulge”) (< *kumpaz).
The sense ‘lip, mouth’ is probably figurative and should not be separated from the sense ‘mushroom’. Some daughter languages exhibit accentual difference between the two meanings, as in the case of Czech houba (“sponge”) : huba (“mouth”).

gǫbavъ *gǫběstъ ()

infected by fungi, leprous; mushy, spongy


gribъ

grĩbъ (canonical masculine)
grĩbъ (nominative singular)
grībà (dual nominative)
grībì (nominative plural)
grībà (genitive singular)
grībù (dual genitive)
grĩbъ (genitive plural)
grībù (dative singular)
grībòma (dative dual)
grībòmъ (dative plural)
grĩbъ (accusative singular)
grībà (accusative dual)
grībỳ (accusative plural)
grībъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
grībòmь (instrumental singular)
grībòma (dual instrumental)
grĩby (instrumental plural)
grībě̀ (locative singular)
grībù (dual locative)
grĩběxъ (locative plural)
gribe (singular vocative)
grībà (dual vocative)
grībì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old Ruthenian: грибъ (hrib), грыбъ (hryb)

desctree

Belarusian: грыб (hryb)
→ Lithuanian: grỹbas

Ukrainian: гриб (hryb)
→ Romanian: hrib

Russian: гриб (grib), грибъ (grib) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Livvi: griba

South Slavic:

Kajkavian Serbo-Croatian: grȋb (obsolete)

Slovene: grȋb (tonal orthography) (obsolete)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hřib

Czech: hřib

Kashubian: grzib

Polabian: graib

Polish: grzyb

Silesian: grzib

Old Slovak: hríb

Pannonian Rusyn: гриби m pl (hribi)

Slovak: hríb

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: grib

Upper Sorbian: hrib

Of disputed origin:
* Possibly a derivation of *gribati (“to scrape, to dig”), which is an intensive form of *greti (“to dig, to grave”). The semantic shift can be explained by the resemblance of a mushroom to a dug-out lump.
* Alternatively a variant of *glibъ (“mud, silt, slime”) with a sound change *l > *r that is rare in Slavic, from Proto-Indo-European *gleybʰ-os (see Proto-Indo-European *gleybʰ- (“to stick”)), from Proto-Indo-European *gleh₁y- (“to smear, stick”). Compare *gliva (“fungus”). Per Trubachev not very reliable. Possible merging with the previous variant mentioned by Chernykh (the previous as primary), and commented by Anikin (the previous could also be secondary).
* Alternatively related to *gъrbъ (“hump”). Preferred by Petersson, Shansky. Мentioned by Vasmer, Trubachev and Anikin. Per Trubachev phonetic shift is a problem.

der

ru:Аникин, Александр Евгеньевич

ru:Черных, Павел Яковлевич

ru:Шанский, Николай Максимович

sk:Stručný etymologický slovník slovenčiny


pečura

East Slavic:

Russian: печу́ра (pečúra)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: печу́рка (pečúrka)

Macedonian: печурка (pečurka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: печурка

Latin script: pečurka

South Slavic dialectal *peč- (“to bake, to roast”) + *-ura. Compare East and West Slavic cognate *pečěra.

edible agaric, champignon (mushroom consumed mainly roasted and dried)


gǫsli

gǫ̀sli (canonical feminine plural)
gǫsli (nominative plural)
gǫslьjь (genitive plural)
gǫslьmъ (dative plural)
gǫsli (accusative plural)
gǫslьmi (instrumental plural)
gǫslьxъ (locative plural)
gǫsli (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гусли (gusli)

Belarusian: гу́слі (húsli)

Russian: гу́сли (gúsli)

Carpathian Rusyn: гу́слї (húslji)

Ukrainian: гу́слі (húsli)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: гѫсли (gǫsli)

Bulgarian: гу́сла (gúsla)

Macedonian: гусла (gusla)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гу̏сле

Latin script: gȕsle

West Slavic:

Old Czech: húsli

Czech: housle

Polish: gęśle

Pannonian Rusyn: гушля (hušlja)

Slovak: husle

From *gǫsti + *-slь. Compare Lithuanian kañklės pl (“kanklės?”) and also Finnish kannel, kantele, Karelian kandelen, Veps kandel, Livonian kandla.

gusle, gusli (a type of violin-like stringed musical instrument)


gǫstъ

gǫ̑stъ (canonical)
gǫstъ (masculine nominative singular)
gǫsta (feminine nominative singular)
gǫsto (neuter nominative singular)
gǫsta (genitive masculine singular)
gǫsty (feminine genitive singular)
gǫsta (genitive neuter singular)
gǫstu (dative masculine singular)
gǫstě (dative feminine singular)
gǫstu (dative neuter singular)
gǫstъ (accusative masculine singular)
gǫstǫ (accusative feminine singular)
gǫsto (accusative neuter singular)
gǫstomь (instrumental masculine singular)
gǫstojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
gǫstomь (instrumental neuter singular)
gǫstě (locative masculine singular)
gǫstě (feminine locative singular)
gǫstě (locative neuter singular)
gǫste (masculine singular vocative)
gǫsto (feminine singular vocative)
gǫsto (neuter singular vocative)
gǫsta (dual masculine nominative)
gǫstě (dual feminine nominative)
gǫstě (dual neuter nominative)
gǫstu (dual genitive masculine)
gǫstu (dual feminine genitive)
gǫstu (dual genitive neuter)
gǫstoma (dative dual masculine)
gǫstama (dative dual feminine)
gǫstoma (dative dual neuter)
gǫsta (accusative dual masculine)
gǫstě (accusative dual feminine)
gǫstě (accusative dual neuter)
gǫstoma (dual instrumental masculine)
gǫstama (dual feminine instrumental)
gǫstoma (dual instrumental neuter)
gǫstu (dual locative masculine)
gǫstu (dual feminine locative)
gǫstu (dual locative neuter)
gǫsta (dual masculine vocative)
gǫstě (dual feminine vocative)
gǫstě (dual neuter vocative)
gǫsti (masculine nominative plural)
gǫsty (feminine nominative plural)
gǫsta (neuter nominative plural)
gǫstъ (genitive masculine plural)
gǫstъ (feminine genitive plural)
gǫstъ (genitive neuter plural)
gǫstomъ (dative masculine plural)
gǫstamъ (dative feminine plural)
gǫstomъ (dative neuter plural)
gǫsty (accusative masculine plural)
gǫsty (accusative feminine plural)
gǫsta (accusative neuter plural)
gǫsty (instrumental masculine plural)
gǫstami (feminine instrumental plural)
gǫsty (instrumental neuter plural)
gǫstěxъ (locative masculine plural)
gǫstaxъ (feminine locative plural)
gǫstěxъ (locative neuter plural)
gǫsti (masculine plural vocative)
gǫsty (feminine plural vocative)
gǫsta (neuter plural vocative)
gǫstъjь (masculine nominative singular)
gǫstaja (feminine nominative singular)
gǫstoje (neuter nominative singular)
gǫstajego (genitive masculine singular)
gǫstyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
gǫstajego (genitive neuter singular)
gǫstujemu (dative masculine singular)
gǫstěji (dative feminine singular)
gǫstujemu (dative neuter singular)
gǫstъjь (accusative masculine singular)
gǫstǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
gǫstoje (accusative neuter singular)
gǫstyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
gǫstǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
gǫstyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
gǫstějemь (locative masculine singular)
gǫstěji (feminine locative singular)
gǫstějemь (locative neuter singular)
gǫstъjь (masculine singular vocative)
gǫstaja (feminine singular vocative)
gǫstoje (neuter singular vocative)
gǫstaja (dual masculine nominative)
gǫstěji (dual feminine nominative)
gǫstěji (dual neuter nominative)
gǫstuju (dual genitive masculine)
gǫstuju (dual feminine genitive)
gǫstuju (dual genitive neuter)
gǫstyjima (dative dual masculine)
gǫstyjima (dative dual feminine)
gǫstyjima (dative dual neuter)
gǫstaja (accusative dual masculine)
gǫstěji (accusative dual feminine)
gǫstěji (accusative dual neuter)
gǫstyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
gǫstyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
gǫstyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
gǫstuju (dual locative masculine)
gǫstuju (dual feminine locative)
gǫstuju (dual locative neuter)
gǫstaja (dual masculine vocative)
gǫstěji (dual feminine vocative)
gǫstěji (dual neuter vocative)
gǫstiji (masculine nominative plural)
gǫstyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
gǫstaja (neuter nominative plural)
gǫstъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
gǫstъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
gǫstъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
gǫstyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
gǫstyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
gǫstyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
gǫstyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
gǫstyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
gǫstaja (accusative neuter plural)
gǫstyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
gǫstyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
gǫstyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
gǫstyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
gǫstyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
gǫstyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
gǫstiji (masculine plural vocative)
gǫstyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
gǫstaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: гѫстъ (gǫstŭ), густъ (gustŭ)

Belarusian: густы́ (hustý)

Russian: густо́й (gustój)

Ukrainian: густи́й (hustýj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: гѫстъ (gǫstŭ)

Bulgarian: гъст (gǎst)

Macedonian: густ (gust)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: густ

Latin: gȗst

Slovene: gọ̑st (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hustý

Czech: hustý

Old Polish: gęsty

Polish: gęsty

Silesian: gynsty

Old Slovak: hustý

Pannonian Rusyn: густи (husti)

Slovak: hustý

Polabian: gǫstĕ

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: gãsti

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: gusty

Commonly derived from some enlargement of Proto-Indo-European *gem- (“to squeeze”). Proposed exact etymologies:
* Fraenkel: Possibly directly from *gom- + *-stъ, akin to Latvian guosts (“multitude”), Lithuanian gąstùs (“rich, wealthy”) (from an earlier ganstùs).
* Vasmer, Machek: From an earlier *gǫt- + *-tъ, related to the more rare Proto-Slavic *gǫtьnъ (“dense”) (whence Czech, Slovak hutný).
* Berneker: From an earlier *gn̥ĝ-to-, a perfect passive participle of Proto-Indo-European *genǵ- (“to lump”), akin to Proto-Slavic *gǫžь (“bundle”), Lithuanian gunžỹs (“clump of fodder”), Ancient Greek γογγύλος (gongúlos, “spherical”). Possibly further related to Lithuanian gùnga (“hump, hunchback, clump”), Albanian gungë (“hump”).


ědro

South Slavic:

Macedonian: едро (edro)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: једро

Latin script: jedro

Slovene: jadro


jьgъla

jьgъlà (canonical feminine)
jьgъlà (nominative singular)
jь̏gъlě (dual nominative)
jь̏gъly (nominative plural)
jьgъlý (genitive singular)
jьgъlù (dual genitive)
jьgъ̀lъ (genitive plural)
jьgъlě̀ (dative singular)
jьgъlàma (dative dual)
jьgъlàmъ (dative plural)
jь̏gъlǫ (accusative singular)
jь̏gъlě (accusative dual)
jь̏gъly (accusative plural)
jьgъlojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
jьgъlàma (dual instrumental)
jьgъlàmi (instrumental plural)
jь̏gъlě (locative singular)
jьgъlù (dual locative)
jьgъlàsъ (locative plural)
jьgъlàxъ (locative plural)
jьgъlo (singular vocative)
jь̏gъlě (dual vocative)
jь̏gъly (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: игла (igla)

desc

Belarusian: ігла́ (ihlá), іго́лка (ihólka)

Russian: игла́ (iglá), иго́лка (igólka)

Carpathian Rusyn: ігла́ (ihlá)

Ukrainian: го́лка (hólka)

Old Novgorodian: игъла (igŭla)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: игла (igla)

Bulgarian: игла (igla)

Macedonian: игла (igla)

Serbo-Croatian:

Štokavian:

Cyrillic script: ѝгла

Latin script: ìgla

Čakavian: jàgla

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: ȋgla, jègla (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jehla

Czech: jehla

Old Polish: igła

Polish: igła

Silesian: jegła

Old Slovak: ihla

Slovak: ihla

Polabian: jåglă

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: jigła, jegla, jegła

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: jegła, jogła, gła

Upper Sorbian: jehła, johła

*jьgo (“yoke”) + *-ъla. Compare Latin iugulum.

a needle for fastening, as a hairpin or as a part of a tack or yoke of a beast

needle
a sewing needle or knitting needle


jьskra

jь̀skra (canonical feminine)
*ě̀skra (alternative)
*jàskra (alternative)
jь̀skra (nominative singular)
jь̀skrě (dual nominative)
jь̀skry (nominative plural)
jь̀skry (genitive singular)
jь̀skru (dual genitive)
jь̀skrъ (genitive plural)
jь̀skrě (dative singular)
jь̀skrama (dative dual)
jь̀skramъ (dative plural)
jь̀skrǫ (accusative singular)
jь̀skrě (accusative dual)
jь̀skry (accusative plural)
jь̀skrojǫ (instrumental singular)
jь̀skrǭ (instrumental singular)
jь̀skrama (dual instrumental)
jь̀skramī (instrumental plural)
jь̀skrě (locative singular)
jь̀skru (dual locative)
jь̀skrasъ (locative plural)
jь̀skraxъ (locative plural)
jь̀skro (singular vocative)
jь̀skrě (dual vocative)
jь̀skry (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: і́скра (ískra)

Russian: и́скра (ískra), искра́ (iskrá)

Ukrainian: і́скра (ískra)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: и́скра (ískra), искра́ (iskrá)

Macedonian: и́скра (ískra)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: и̏скра

Latin: ȉskra

Slovene: iskra

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jiskra

Czech: jiskra

Bohemian (Chod dialect): ískra

Kashubian: skra

Polabian: jåskră

Polish: iskra, skra, jaskra (“glaucoma”)

Slovak: iskra

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: škra

Lower Sorbian: škrja

→ Albanian: iskër

→ Hungarian: szikra

Nominalization of an adjective Proto-Slavic *jьskrъ (“bright, stark, vivid”) + *-a, a 0-grade doublet of Proto-Slavic *ěskrъ (whence Polish jaskry and Bulgarian Искър). Likely akin to Lithuanian ýškus (“bright, clear”). If right, then from an earlier Proto-Balto-Slavic *ī́ˀškrāˀ, *áiˀškrāˀ.
The exact Indo-European root is unclear. Comparisons have made with Proto-Germanic *aiskrōną (“to rage”) (whence Icelandic ískra (“to creak”)), Ancient Greek ἐσχάρᾱ (eskhárā, “hearth”) (doubted by Vasmer). Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ey- (“to energize, to invigorate”) or *h₂eydʰ- (“to ignite”).


aščerъ

*jaščerъ (alternative)
*guščerъ (alternative)
aščerъ (nominative singular)
aščera (dual nominative)
aščeri (nominative plural)
aščera (genitive singular)
aščeru (dual genitive)
aščerъ (genitive plural)
aščeru (dative singular)
aščeroma (dative dual)
aščeromъ (dative plural)
aščerъ (accusative singular)
aščera (accusative dual)
aščery (accusative plural)
aščerъmь (instrumental singular)
aščeromь (instrumental singular)
aščeroma (dual instrumental)
aščery (instrumental plural)
aščerě (locative singular)
aščeru (dual locative)
aščerěxъ (locative plural)
aščere (singular vocative)
aščera (dual vocative)
aščeri (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ꙗщеръ (jaščerŭ)

Old Ruthenian: ꙗ́щеръ (jáščer)

Belarusian: я́шчар (jáščar)

Ukrainian: я́щір (jáščir)

Russian: я́щер (jáščer)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: ащєръ m (ašterŭ), ащєра f (aštera)

Bulgarian: я́щер (jášter) (archaic)

Serbo-Croatian: (archaic, dialectal)

Cyrillic script: ја̏штер

Latin script: jȁšter

West Slavic:

Czech: ještěr

Kashubian: wieszczór

Polabian: vistăr

Polish: jaszczur

Old Slovak: jašter

Pannonian Rusyn: ящур (jaščur)

Slovak: jašter, (dialectal) jaśčur

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: jašćeŕ

Perhaps from *a- (“no-”) + *ščerъ with second element possibly meaning:
* “agile, nimble” in reference to the reptilian locomotion of lizards. Akin to Proto-Slavic *skorъ (“speedy, quick”), possibly *xъrtъ (“hound”), *čьrtъ (“demon”). Further cognate with Lithuanian skėrỹs, skėrẽlis (“locust”), Latvian šķírgaîlis (“lizard”).
* “fur, pelt” in reference to the hairless skin of lizards. Akin to Proto-Slavic *skora (“hide”) and cognate with Albanian shqarr (“marten”). Similar meaning is attested in secondary Russian я́щер (jáščer, “rough leather”). A variation of this hypothesis (due to Potebnja) proposes that the prefix *a- is instead a clipping of unattested *aхъ (“prickly, scrubby”), cognate with Sanskrit आखु (ākhú, “mole”), possibly Ancient Greek σκίουρος (skíouros, “squirrel”).
In either case, possibly cognate with Sanskrit आश्चर्य (āścarya, “wonderful, marvelous”) (according to Machek).
Per Brückner, may alternatively reflect *askъ (“burrow, hollow”) + *-erъ in view of some rare forms with alternative ending (in *-elь, *-jurъ). Effectively meaning “burrow-dwelling animal” (even though lizards are not known to dig their lairs).

cog

(by extension) sort of skin inflammation (mycosis, scleroderma, aphtha, sore throat, etc.)


gasnǫti

gàsnǫti (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
gasenьje (noun-from-verb)
gasnǫti (infinitive)
gasnǫtъ (supine)
gaslъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
gasenъ (participle passive past)
gasnomъ (participle passive present)
gasъ (active participle past)
gasny (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
gasъ (aorist first-person singular)
gasoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
gase (aorist second-person singular)
gase (aorist singular third-person)
gasnǫ (first-person present singular)
gasneši (present second-person singular)
gasnetь (present singular third-person)
gasově (aorist dual first-person)
gasoxově (aorist dual first-person)
gaseta (aorist dual second-person)
gasosta (aorist dual second-person)
gasete (aorist dual third-person)
gasoste (aorist dual third-person)
gasnevě (dual first-person present)
gasneta (dual present second-person)
gasnete (dual present third-person)
gasomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gasoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gasete (aorist plural second-person)
gasoste (aorist plural second-person)
gasǫ (aorist plural third-person)
gasošę (aorist plural third-person)
gasnemъ (first-person plural present)
gasnete (plural present second-person)
gasnǫtь (plural present third-person)
gasněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gasněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gasněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gasni (imperative second-person singular)
gasni (imperative singular third-person)
gasněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gasněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gasněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gasněvě (dual first-person imperative)
gasněta (dual imperative second-person)
gasněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gasněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gasněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gasněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
gasněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гаснѫти (gasnǫti)

Belarusian: га́снуць (hásnucʹ)

Russian: га́снуть (gásnutʹ)

Ukrainian: га́снути (hásnuty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: га́сна (gásna)

Macedonian: гасне (gasne)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: га̏снути

Latin script: gȁsnuti

Slovene: gásniti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: gasnąc

Old Czech: hasnúti

Czech: hasnout

Polish: gasnąć

Slovak: hasnúť

Slovincian: gasnõć

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: hasnyć

Lower Sorbian: gasnuś

From the root of *gasìti + *-nǫti, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)gʷes-. Baltic cognates include Lithuanian gesýti (“to extinguish”), 1sg. gesaũ, gèsti (“to be extinguished, to go out”), 1sg. gestù, Latvian dzēst (“to extinguish”), dzist (“to be extinguished, to go out”). Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit जसते (jásate, “to be extinguished”), जासयति (jāsáyati, “to extinguish, to exhaust”), Ancient Greek σβέννῡμι (sbénnūmi, “to extinguish”).


glъtati

glъtanьje (noun-from-verb)
glъtati (infinitive)
glъtatъ (supine)
glъtalъ (l-participle)
glъtanъ (participle passive past)
glъtajemъ (participle passive present)
glъtavъ (active participle past)
glъtaję (active participle present)
glъtaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
glъta (aorist second-person singular)
glъta (aorist singular third-person)
glъtajǫ (first-person present singular)
glъtaješi (present second-person singular)
glъtajetь (present singular third-person)
glъtaxově (aorist dual first-person)
glъtasta (aorist dual second-person)
glъtaste (aorist dual third-person)
glъtajevě (dual first-person present)
glъtajeta (dual present second-person)
glъtajete (dual present third-person)
glъtaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
glъtaste (aorist plural second-person)
glъtašę (aorist plural third-person)
glъtajemъ (first-person plural present)
glъtajete (plural present second-person)
glъtajǫtь (plural present third-person)
glъtaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
glъtaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
glъtaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
glъtaji (imperative second-person singular)
glъtaji (imperative singular third-person)
glъtaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
glъtaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
glъtaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
glъtajivě (dual first-person imperative)
glъtajita (dual imperative second-person)
glъtaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
glъtaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
glъtaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
glъtajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
glъtajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: поглътити (poglŭtiti), глътати (glŭtati)

Belarusian: глыта́ць (hlytácʹ)

Russian: глота́ть (glotátʹ)

Ukrainian: глита́ти (hlytáty)

Carpathian Rusyn: ґылтати (gŷltaty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: гъ́лтам (gǎ́ltam)

Macedonian: голта (golta)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гу̀тати

Latin script: gùtati

Slovene: gołtáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hltati

Czech: hltat

Old Polish: pogłytać

Polish: glutać (dialectal)

Slovak: hltať

Cognate with Latin gluttiō, glūtiō (“to devour”), more distantly with Old Armenian կլանեմ (klanem, “to devour”), Old Irish gelid (“to devour, to eat up”).
* Derksen: From Proto-Indo-European *glut-, from *glewt-.
* Chernykh: From Proto-Indo-European *gel- or *gʷel-.


krovъ

kròvъ (canonical masculine)
kròvъ (nominative singular)
krovà (dual nominative)
krovì (nominative plural)
krovà (genitive singular)
krovù (dual genitive)
kròvъ (genitive plural)
krovù (dative singular)
krovòma (dative dual)
krovòmъ (dative plural)
kròvъ (accusative singular)
krovà (accusative dual)
krovỳ (accusative plural)
krovъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
krovòmь (instrumental singular)
krovòma (dual instrumental)
kròvy (instrumental plural)
krově̀ (locative singular)
krovù (dual locative)
kròvěxъ (locative plural)
krove (singular vocative)
krovà (dual vocative)
krovì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кровъ (krovŭ)

Belarusian: кров (krov) (obsolete)

Russian: кров (krov)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: кровъ (krovŭ)

⇒ Bulgarian: покро̀в (pokròv)

Macedonian: кров (krov)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кро̏в

Latin script: krȍv

Slovene: krȍv (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: krov

Czech: krov

Slovak: krov

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: krow

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *krawas; equivalent to *kryti (“to cover, hide”) + *-ъ.
Cognate with Lithuanian krava (“heap, pile”)


ocьtъ

ocьtъ (nominative singular)
ocьta (dual nominative)
ocьti (nominative plural)
ocьta (genitive singular)
ocьtu (dual genitive)
ocьtъ (genitive plural)
ocьtu (dative singular)
ocьtoma (dative dual)
ocьtomъ (dative plural)
ocьtъ (accusative singular)
ocьta (accusative dual)
ocьty (accusative plural)
ocьtъmь (instrumental singular)
ocьtomь (instrumental singular)
ocьtoma (dual instrumental)
ocьty (instrumental plural)
ocьtě (locative singular)
ocьtu (dual locative)
ocьtěxъ (locative plural)
ocьte (singular vocative)
ocьta (dual vocative)
ocьti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: оцьтъ (ocĭtŭ)

desc

Old Ruthenian: оцетъ (ocet), оцотъ (ocot)

Belarusian: во́цат (vócat)

Ukrainian: о́цет (ócet)

Russian: о́цет (ócet) (archaic; biblical)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: оцьтъ (ocĭtŭ)

Glagolitic script: [Term?]

Bulgarian: оце́т (océt)

Macedonian: оцет (ocet)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̀цат

Latin script: òcat

Slovene: ócet

West Slavic:

Old Czech: ocet

Czech: ocet

Kashubian: òct

Old Polish: ocet

Polish: ocet, u̯ecet

Old Slovak: ocot, vocot, vocet

Pannonian Rusyn: оцет (ocet)

Slovak: ocot, ocet

Slovincian: wôct

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: oțet

→ Hungarian: ecet

From Gothic 𐌰𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍄 (akeit) or 𐌰𐌺𐌴𐍄 (akēt), ultimately from Latin acētum (“vinegar”), from aceō (“to be sour”). Compare Slovene kis (“vinegar”), Upper Sorbian kisało (“vinegar”) (see *kysati, *kysnǫti, *kysěti, *kyselъ).


verteno

vertenò (canonical neuter)
vērtenò (nominative singular)
vertèně (dual nominative)
vērtenà (nominative plural)
vērtenà (genitive singular)
vērtenù (dual genitive)
vertènъ (genitive plural)
vērtenù (dative singular)
vērtenòma (dative dual)
vērtenòmъ (dative plural)
vērtenò (accusative singular)
vertèně (accusative dual)
vērtenà (accusative plural)
vērtenъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
vērtenòmь (instrumental singular)
vērtenòma (dual instrumental)
vertèny (instrumental plural)
vērteně̀ (locative singular)
vērtenù (dual locative)
vertèněxъ (locative plural)
vērtenò (singular vocative)
vertèně (dual vocative)
vērtenà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: веретено (vereteno)
Old Ruthenian: веретено (vereteno)
Belarusian: верацяно́ (vjeracjanó)
Carpathian Rusyn: верете́но (vereténo)
Ukrainian: верете́но (vereténo)
Russian: веретено́ (veretenó)
→ Finnic:
Estonian: värten
Finnish: värttinä
Ingrian: värttänä
Livvi: värtin
Ludian: värtin
Veps: värtin
Votic: värttene

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: врѣтено (vrěteno)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⱃⱑⱅⰵⱀⱁ (vrěteno)

Bulgarian: врете́но (vreténo); (dialectal) връте́но (vrǎténo)

Macedonian: вретено (vreteno)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: вретѐно

Latin script: vretèno

Slovene: vreténo (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vřěteno

Czech: vřeteno

Bohemian (Chod dialect): břeteno

Moravian (Mistřice): břeteno

Old Polish: wrzeciono

Polish: wrzeciono, wrzecieno

Silesian: wrzeciōno

Polabian: vritenĕ

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: wrzecono

Slovak: vreteno

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wrjeśeno

Upper Sorbian: wrjećeno

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wertenán, from Proto-Indo-European *wertenóm, equivalent to Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn, to rotate”) + *-eno. Cognate with Sanskrit वर्तन (vártana, “rotation, rolling, spindle”).


baba ęga

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: Ба́ба Ѧга́ (Bába Jęgá), Ѧга́ Ба́ба (Jęgá Bába)

Old Ruthenian: Ба́ба Ѧга́ (Bába Jahá)

Belarusian: Ба́ба-Яга́ (Bába-Jahá)

Ukrainian: Ба́ба-Яга́ (Bába-Jahá); Язіба́ба (Jazibába) (dialectal)

Russian: Ба́ба-Яга́ (Bába-Jagá)

→ Bulgarian: Ба́ба Я́га (Bába Jága)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: Баба Јага

Latin script: Baba Jaga

→ Slovene: Jaga baba

→ Polish: Baba Jaga, Baba-Jaga

South Slavic:

Macedonian: Баба Рога (Baba Roga)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бабаро́га

Latin script: babaróga

West Slavic:

Czech: Baba Jaga; ježibaba

Kashubian: jãdzëbaba

Polish: Baba Jędza

Slovak: Baba Jaga; ježibaba; jedžibaba, jenzibaba, jendžibaba, jendžibaba (dialectal)

→ Ukrainian: инджиба́ба (yndžybába) (dialectal)

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: Baba Iaga


velьb(l)ǫdъ

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вельблѫдъ (velĭblǫdŭ)

Old Ruthenian: верблю́дъ (verbljúd)

Belarusian: вярблю́д (vjarbljúd)

Ukrainian: верблю́д (verbljúd)

Middle Russian: верблю́дъ (verbljúd)

Russian: верблю́д (verbljúd)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: вельбѫдъ (velĭbǫdŭ), вельблѫдъ (velĭblǫdŭ), вельблоудъ (velĭbludŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⰵⰾⱐⰱⱘⰴⱏ (velĭbǫdŭ), ⰲⰵⰾⱐⰱⰾⱘⰴⱏ (velĭblǫdŭ), ⰲⰵⰾⱐⰱⰾⱆⰴⱏ (velĭbludŭ)

Bulgarian: велблю́д (velbljúd)

Slovene: velblód

West Slavic:

Czech: velbloud

Kashubian: wielbłąd

Old Polish: wielbłąd

Polish: wielbłąd

Slovak: veľblúd

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wjelbłud

Upper Sorbian: wjelbłud

From a Germanic language, most likely Gothic 𐌿𐌻𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌿𐍃 (ulbandus). Anlaut *velь- instead of more precise **vъl- probably due to contamination with *velь.
From early *vъlьb(l)ǫdъ < *vъlbǫdъ < *ulbandъ < *ulbandu, from Gothic 𐌿𐌻𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌿𐍃 (ulbandus).


vędnǫti

vę̀dnǫti (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
vędenьje (noun-from-verb)
vędnǫti (infinitive)
vędnǫtъ (supine)
vędlъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
vędenъ (participle passive past)
vędnomъ (participle passive present)
vędъ (active participle past)
vędny (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
vędъ (aorist first-person singular)
vędoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
vęde (aorist second-person singular)
vęde (aorist singular third-person)
vędnǫ (first-person present singular)
vędneši (present second-person singular)
vędnetь (present singular third-person)
vędově (aorist dual first-person)
vędoxově (aorist dual first-person)
vędeta (aorist dual second-person)
vędosta (aorist dual second-person)
vędete (aorist dual third-person)
vędoste (aorist dual third-person)
vędnevě (dual first-person present)
vędneta (dual present second-person)
vędnete (dual present third-person)
vędomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vędoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vędete (aorist plural second-person)
vędoste (aorist plural second-person)
vędǫ (aorist plural third-person)
vędošę (aorist plural third-person)
vędnemъ (first-person plural present)
vędnete (plural present second-person)
vędnǫtь (plural present third-person)
vędněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vędněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vędněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vędni (imperative second-person singular)
vędni (imperative singular third-person)
vędněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vędněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vędněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vędněvě (dual first-person imperative)
vędněta (dual imperative second-person)
vędněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vędněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vędněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vędněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
vędněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вѧнѫти (vęnǫti)

Belarusian: вя́нуць (vjánucʹ)

Russian: вя́нуть (vjánutʹ)

Ukrainian: в'я́нути (vʺjánuty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: compare оувѩдати (uvjędati)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: ве́хна (véhna)

Macedonian: вене (vene)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ве̏нути

Latin script: vȅnuti

Slovene: vẹ́niti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vadnúti

Czech: vadnout

Polish: więdnąć

Slovak: vädnúť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wjadnyć

Per Derksen, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)wendʰ-. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *svędnǫti, Old High German swintan (“to shrink, to fade”), German schwinden (“to shrink, to fade”), Old English swindan (“to subside, to fade”).


vъpiti

vъpìti (canonical)
vъpitьje (noun-from-verb)
vъpiti (infinitive)
vъpitъ (supine)
vъpilъ (l-participle)
vъpitъ (participle passive past)
vъpijemъ (participle passive present)
vъpivъ (active participle past)
vъpiję (active participle present)
vъpixъ (aorist first-person singular)
vъpi (aorist second-person singular)
vъpi (aorist singular third-person)
vъpijǫ (first-person present singular)
vъpiješi (present second-person singular)
vъpijetь (present singular third-person)
vъpixově (aorist dual first-person)
vъpista (aorist dual second-person)
vъpiste (aorist dual third-person)
vъpijevě (dual first-person present)
vъpijeta (dual present second-person)
vъpijete (dual present third-person)
vъpixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vъpiste (aorist plural second-person)
vъpišę (aorist plural third-person)
vъpijemъ (first-person plural present)
vъpijete (plural present second-person)
vъpijǫtь (plural present third-person)
vъpijaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vъpijaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vъpijaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vъpiji (imperative second-person singular)
vъpiji (imperative singular third-person)
vъpijaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vъpijaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vъpijaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vъpijivě (dual first-person imperative)
vъpijita (dual imperative second-person)
vъpijaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vъpijaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vъpijaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vъpijimъ (first-person imperative plural)
vъpijite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: вопи́ть (vopítʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: въпити (vŭpiti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: въпи́я (vǎpíja) (dated)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ва̀пити, у̀пити

Latin: vàpiti, ùpiti

Slovene: vpíti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: úpiti

Czech: úpět

Slovak: upeť

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *up-, from Proto-Indo-European *up-, from *wep-. Cognate with Latvian ūpêt (“to scream (of birds)”) (1sg. ūpẽju), ūpôt (“to howl”), Lithuanian ùpas (“echo”), Latvian ũpis (“owl”), Avestan 𐬎𐬟𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬨𐬌 (ufiieimi, “to call out”), Old High German ūfo, ūvo (“night owl”), Old Norse úfr (“night owl”), Proto-Germanic *ubilaz (“bad spirit”). Sometimes compared with Russian ва́бить (vábitʹ, “to lure with a birdcall”), Gothic 𐍅𐍉𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wōpjan, “to shout out”), although the root consonants don't quite align.


babušьka

babušьka (nominative singular)
babušьcě (dual nominative)
babušьky (nominative plural)
babušьky (genitive singular)
babušьku (dual genitive)
babušьkъ (genitive plural)
babušьcě (dative singular)
babušьkama (dative dual)
babušьkamъ (dative plural)
babušьkǫ (accusative singular)
babušьcě (accusative dual)
babušьky (accusative plural)
babušьkojǫ (instrumental singular)
babušьkǫ (instrumental singular)
babušьkama (dual instrumental)
babušьkami (instrumental plural)
babušьcě (locative singular)
babušьku (dual locative)
babušьkasъ (locative plural)
babušьkaxъ (locative plural)
babušьko (singular vocative)
babušьcě (dual vocative)
babušьky (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: ба́бушка (bábuška)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ба́бушка (bábuška)

Macedonian: ба́бушка (bábuška)

diminutive of *baba (“grandmother”): granny


babъka

babъka (nominative singular)
babъcě (dual nominative)
babъky (nominative plural)
babъky (genitive singular)
babъku (dual genitive)
babъkъ (genitive plural)
babъcě (dative singular)
babъkama (dative dual)
babъkamъ (dative plural)
babъkǫ (accusative singular)
babъcě (accusative dual)
babъky (accusative plural)
babъkojǫ (instrumental singular)
babъkǫ (instrumental singular)
babъkama (dual instrumental)
babъkami (instrumental plural)
babъcě (locative singular)
babъku (dual locative)
babъkasъ (locative plural)
babъkaxъ (locative plural)
babъko (singular vocative)
babъcě (dual vocative)
babъky (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: ба́бка (bábka)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ба́бка (bábka)

Serbo-Croatian:

West Slavic:

Old Czech: babka

Czech: babka

Polabian: bopkă (“midwife”)

Old Polish: babka

Polish: babka

Old Slovak: babka

Pannonian Rusyn: бабка (babka, “doll”)

Slovak: babka


bezimenьnъ

bezimenьnъ (masculine nominative singular)
bezimenьna (feminine nominative singular)
bezimenьno (neuter nominative singular)
bezimenьna (genitive masculine singular)
bezimenьny (feminine genitive singular)
bezimenьna (genitive neuter singular)
bezimenьnu (dative masculine singular)
bezimenьně (dative feminine singular)
bezimenьnu (dative neuter singular)
bezimenьnъ (accusative masculine singular)
bezimenьnǫ (accusative feminine singular)
bezimenьno (accusative neuter singular)
bezimenьnomь (instrumental masculine singular)
bezimenьnojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
bezimenьnomь (instrumental neuter singular)
bezimenьně (locative masculine singular)
bezimenьně (feminine locative singular)
bezimenьně (locative neuter singular)
bezimenьne (masculine singular vocative)
bezimenьno (feminine singular vocative)
bezimenьno (neuter singular vocative)
bezimenьna (dual masculine nominative)
bezimenьně (dual feminine nominative)
bezimenьně (dual neuter nominative)
bezimenьnu (dual genitive masculine)
bezimenьnu (dual feminine genitive)
bezimenьnu (dual genitive neuter)
bezimenьnoma (dative dual masculine)
bezimenьnama (dative dual feminine)
bezimenьnoma (dative dual neuter)
bezimenьna (accusative dual masculine)
bezimenьně (accusative dual feminine)
bezimenьně (accusative dual neuter)
bezimenьnoma (dual instrumental masculine)
bezimenьnama (dual feminine instrumental)
bezimenьnoma (dual instrumental neuter)
bezimenьnu (dual locative masculine)
bezimenьnu (dual feminine locative)
bezimenьnu (dual locative neuter)
bezimenьna (dual masculine vocative)
bezimenьně (dual feminine vocative)
bezimenьně (dual neuter vocative)
bezimenьni (masculine nominative plural)
bezimenьny (feminine nominative plural)
bezimenьna (neuter nominative plural)
bezimenьnъ (genitive masculine plural)
bezimenьnъ (feminine genitive plural)
bezimenьnъ (genitive neuter plural)
bezimenьnomъ (dative masculine plural)
bezimenьnamъ (dative feminine plural)
bezimenьnomъ (dative neuter plural)
bezimenьny (accusative masculine plural)
bezimenьny (accusative feminine plural)
bezimenьna (accusative neuter plural)
bezimenьny (instrumental masculine plural)
bezimenьnami (feminine instrumental plural)
bezimenьny (instrumental neuter plural)
bezimenьněxъ (locative masculine plural)
bezimenьnaxъ (feminine locative plural)
bezimenьněxъ (locative neuter plural)
bezimenьni (masculine plural vocative)
bezimenьny (feminine plural vocative)
bezimenьna (neuter plural vocative)
bezimenьnъjь (masculine nominative singular)
bezimenьnaja (feminine nominative singular)
bezimenьnoje (neuter nominative singular)
bezimenьnajego (genitive masculine singular)
bezimenьnyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
bezimenьnajego (genitive neuter singular)
bezimenьnujemu (dative masculine singular)
bezimenьněji (dative feminine singular)
bezimenьnujemu (dative neuter singular)
bezimenьnъjь (accusative masculine singular)
bezimenьnǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
bezimenьnoje (accusative neuter singular)
bezimenьnyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
bezimenьnǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
bezimenьnyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
bezimenьnějemь (locative masculine singular)
bezimenьněji (feminine locative singular)
bezimenьnějemь (locative neuter singular)
bezimenьnъjь (masculine singular vocative)
bezimenьnaja (feminine singular vocative)
bezimenьnoje (neuter singular vocative)
bezimenьnaja (dual masculine nominative)
bezimenьněji (dual feminine nominative)
bezimenьněji (dual neuter nominative)
bezimenьnuju (dual genitive masculine)
bezimenьnuju (dual feminine genitive)
bezimenьnuju (dual genitive neuter)
bezimenьnyjima (dative dual masculine)
bezimenьnyjima (dative dual feminine)
bezimenьnyjima (dative dual neuter)
bezimenьnaja (accusative dual masculine)
bezimenьněji (accusative dual feminine)
bezimenьněji (accusative dual neuter)
bezimenьnyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
bezimenьnyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
bezimenьnyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
bezimenьnuju (dual locative masculine)
bezimenьnuju (dual feminine locative)
bezimenьnuju (dual locative neuter)
bezimenьnaja (dual masculine vocative)
bezimenьněji (dual feminine vocative)
bezimenьněji (dual neuter vocative)
bezimenьniji (masculine nominative plural)
bezimenьnyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
bezimenьnaja (neuter nominative plural)
bezimenьnъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
bezimenьnъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
bezimenьnъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
bezimenьnyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
bezimenьnyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
bezimenьnyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
bezimenьnyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
bezimenьnyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
bezimenьnaja (accusative neuter plural)
bezimenьnyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
bezimenьnyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
bezimenьnyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
bezimenьnyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
bezimenьnyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
bezimenьnyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
bezimenьniji (masculine plural vocative)
bezimenьnyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
bezimenьnaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: безименьнъ (bezimenĭnŭ)

Belarusian: безыме́нны (bjezymjénny)

Russian: безымённый (bezymjónnyj), безымя́нный (bezymjánnyj) (with paradigm leveling)

Ukrainian: безіме́нний (beziménnyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: безименьнъ (bezimenĭnŭ)

Bulgarian: бези́менен (bezímenen)

Macedonian: бе́зимен (bézimen)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бѐзимен

Latin script: bèzimen

Slovene: brezímen (tonal orthography)

West Slavic

Czech: bezejmenný

Polish: bezimienny

Slovak: bezmenný