(s)kvьrčěti

kvьrčěnьje (noun-from-verb)
skvьrčěnьje (noun-from-verb)
kvьrčěti (infinitive)
skvьrčěti (infinitive)
kvьrčětъ (supine)
skvьrčětъ (supine)
kvьrčělъ (l-participle)
skvьrčělъ (l-participle)
kvьrčěvъ (active participle past)
skvьrčěvъ (active participle past)
kvьrčę (active participle present)
skvьrčę (active participle present)
kvьrčěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
skvьrčěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kvьrčě (aorist second-person singular)
skvьrčě (aorist second-person singular)
kvьrčě (aorist singular third-person)
skvьrčě (aorist singular third-person)
kvьrčǫ (first-person present singular)
skvьrčǫ (first-person present singular)
kvьrčiši (present second-person singular)
skvьrčiši (present second-person singular)
kvьrčitь (present singular third-person)
skvьrčitь (present singular third-person)
kvьrčěxově (aorist dual first-person)
skvьrčěxově (aorist dual first-person)
kvьrčěsta (aorist dual second-person)
skvьrčěsta (aorist dual second-person)
kvьrčěste (aorist dual third-person)
skvьrčěste (aorist dual third-person)
kvьrčivě (dual first-person present)
skvьrčivě (dual first-person present)
kvьrčita (dual present second-person)
skvьrčita (dual present second-person)
kvьrčite (dual present third-person)
skvьrčite (dual present third-person)
kvьrčěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
skvьrčěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kvьrčěste (aorist plural second-person)
skvьrčěste (aorist plural second-person)
kvьrčěšę (aorist plural third-person)
skvьrčěšę (aorist plural third-person)
kvьrčimъ (first-person plural present)
skvьrčimъ (first-person plural present)
kvьrčite (plural present second-person)
skvьrčite (plural present second-person)
kvьrčętь (plural present third-person)
skvьrčętь (plural present third-person)
kvьrčěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
skvьrčěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kvьrčěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
skvьrčěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kvьrčěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
skvьrčěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kvьrči (imperative second-person singular)
skvьrči (imperative second-person singular)
kvьrči (imperative singular third-person)
skvьrči (imperative singular third-person)
kvьrčěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
skvьrčěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kvьrčěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
skvьrčěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kvьrčěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
skvьrčěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kvьrčivě (dual first-person imperative)
skvьrčivě (dual first-person imperative)
kvьrčita (dual imperative second-person)
skvьrčita (dual imperative second-person)
kvьrčěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
skvьrčěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kvьrčěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
skvьrčěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kvьrčěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
skvьrčěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kvьrčimъ (first-person imperative plural)
skvьrčimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kvьrčite (imperative plural second-person)
skvьrčite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: свірча́ць (svirčácʹ)

Russian: сверчать (sverčatʹ)

Ukrainian: цвірча́ти (cvirčáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: свръчати (svrŭčati)

Bulgarian: цвърча̀ (cvǎrčà)

Serbo-Croatian: цвр́чати

Slovene: cvrčáti, svŕčati

West Slavic:

Czech: cvrčeti, svrčeti

Kashubian: czwierczec

Polish: ćwierczeć, skwierczeć

Slovak: svrčаt᾽

Of onomatopoeic origin, formed as *(s)kvьrъ (“creak, squeak”) + *-čěti. The daughter languages, which lost the s-mobile, have undergone second palatalization of the onset cluster *kvь- > *cvь-.


sǫprǫgъ

sǫprǫ̀gъ (canonical masculine)
sǫprǫgъ (nominative singular)
sǫprǫga (dual nominative)
sǫprǫdzi (nominative plural)
sǫprǫga (genitive singular)
sǫprǫgu (dual genitive)
sǫprǫgъ (genitive plural)
sǫprǫgu (dative singular)
sǫprǫgoma (dative dual)
sǫprǫgomъ (dative plural)
sǫprǫgъ (accusative singular)
sǫprǫga (accusative dual)
sǫprǫgy (accusative plural)
sǫprǫgъmь (instrumental singular)
sǫprǫgomь (instrumental singular)
sǫprǫgoma (dual instrumental)
sǫprǫgy (instrumental plural)
sǫprǫdzě (locative singular)
sǫprǫgu (dual locative)
sǫprǫdzěxъ (locative plural)
sǫprǫže (singular vocative)
sǫprǫga (dual vocative)
sǫprǫdzi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: сѫпрѫгъ (sǫprǫgŭ), супругъ (suprugŭ)

Belarusian:

Russian: супру́г (suprúg)

Ukrainian: супру́г (suprúh)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: сѫпрѫгъ (sǫprǫgŭ)

Bulgarian: съпру́г (sǎprúg); съпръ́г (sǎprǎ́g) (dated)

Macedonian: сопруг (soprug)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: су̏пруг

Latin script: sȕprug

Slovene: soprọ̑g (tonal orthography)

Equivalent to *sǫ- + *prǫgъ (“shackle, splice”). Analogous to Latin coniūnx m or f (“spouse”) < coniugō (“to unite, to yoke”).


čisti

čistì (canonical imperfective)
čitati (frequentative)
c (accent-paradigm)
čьtenьje (noun-from-verb)
čisti (infinitive)
čistъ (supine)
čьtlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
čьtenъ (participle passive past)
čьtomъ (participle passive present)
čьtъ (active participle past)
čьty (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
čьtъ (aorist first-person singular)
čьtoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
čьte (aorist second-person singular)
čьte (aorist singular third-person)
čьtǫ (first-person present singular)
čьteši (present second-person singular)
čьtetь (present singular third-person)
čьtově (aorist dual first-person)
čьtoxově (aorist dual first-person)
čьteta (aorist dual second-person)
čьtosta (aorist dual second-person)
čьtete (aorist dual third-person)
čьtoste (aorist dual third-person)
čьtevě (dual first-person present)
čьteta (dual present second-person)
čьtete (dual present third-person)
čьtomъ (aorist first-person plural)
čьtoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
čьtete (aorist plural second-person)
čьtoste (aorist plural second-person)
čьtǫ (aorist plural third-person)
čьtošę (aorist plural third-person)
čьtemъ (first-person plural present)
čьtete (plural present second-person)
čьtǫtь (plural present third-person)
čьtěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
čьtěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
čьtěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
čьti (imperative second-person singular)
čьti (imperative singular third-person)
čьtěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
čьtěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
čьtěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
čьtěvě (dual first-person imperative)
čьtěta (dual imperative second-person)
čьtěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
čьtěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
čьtěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
čьtěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
čьtěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: чисти (čisti), ⇒ чьсти (čĭsti), чести (česti)

⇒ Ukrainian: чти́ти (čtýty)

⇒ Russian: честь (čestʹ) (obsolete, dialectal), чтить (čtitʹ) (bookish)

⇒ Old Novgorodian: чьсти (ćĭsti)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: чисти (čisti)

Glagolitic script: ⱍⰻⱄⱅⰻ (čisti)

Old Serbo-Croatian: čisti (attested 13-16 cent.)

⇒ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: (obsolete) ча̀тити, ча̀тати, чта̏ти, чти̏ти, чтјети, (dialectal) шти̏ти, штјети, штети

Latin script: (obsolete) čàtiti, čàtati, čtȁti, čtȉti, čtjeti, (dialectal) štȉti, štjeti, šteti

⇒ Slovene: štéti, čtéti (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: čísti

Czech: číst

Old Polish: czyść, ⇒ czcić

Polish: czyść (obsolete)

Polabian: catĕ (3. sg. praes.)

Pomeranian:

⇒ Kashubian: tczëc

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *(s)keistéi (mobile accent), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷeyt- (“to notice, perceive”). Cognate with Latvian šķist (“to think, to suppose”).

čьtъ*bezčьtъ ()*orzčьtъ ()*otъčьtъ ()

account; infinity, countlessness; calculation, estimation; record, report

to count (determine the total number of)

to read (to interpret, or infer a meaning, significance, thought, intention)

to pay attention, to pay heed, to notice, to perceive, to comprehend, to understand

to honour, to worship, to esteem, to respect


čьlnъ

čьlnъ (nominative singular)
čьlna (dual nominative)
čьlni (nominative plural)
čьlna (genitive singular)
čьlnu (dual genitive)
čьlnъ (genitive plural)
čьlnu (dative singular)
čьlnoma (dative dual)
čьlnomъ (dative plural)
čьlnъ (accusative singular)
čьlna (accusative dual)
čьlny (accusative plural)
čьlnъmь (instrumental singular)
čьlnomь (instrumental singular)
čьlnoma (dual instrumental)
čьlny (instrumental plural)
čьlně (locative singular)
čьlnu (dual locative)
čьlněxъ (locative plural)
čьlne (singular vocative)
čьlna (dual vocative)
čьlni (plural vocative)

Old East Slavic: чьлнъ (čĭlnŭ)

Belarusian: чо́вен (čóvjen)

Russian: чёлн (čoln)

Carpathian Rusyn: чо́вен (čóven)

Ukrainian: чо́вен (čóven)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: чълн (čǎln), чо́лнец (čólnec)

Macedonian: чун (čun)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: чу̑н

Latin script: čȗn

Slovene: čȏłn (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: člun

Kashubian: czôłn

Polabian: cåun

Old Polish: czołn
Polish: czółno

Slovak: čln

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: cołn

Upper Sorbian: čołm

Unsorted borrowings:

desctree

Hungarian: csónak, csolnak (archaic, folksy)
→ Bavarian: Schinakl
→ Austrian German: Schinakel

→ Middle High German: zülle

German: Zille


čьrmьnъ

čь̑rmьnъ (canonical)
čьrmьnъ (masculine nominative singular)
čьrmьna (feminine nominative singular)
čьrmьno (neuter nominative singular)
čьrmьna (genitive masculine singular)
čьrmьny (feminine genitive singular)
čьrmьna (genitive neuter singular)
čьrmьnu (dative masculine singular)
čьrmьně (dative feminine singular)
čьrmьnu (dative neuter singular)
čьrmьnъ (accusative masculine singular)
čьrmьnǫ (accusative feminine singular)
čьrmьno (accusative neuter singular)
čьrmьnomь (instrumental masculine singular)
čьrmьnojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
čьrmьnomь (instrumental neuter singular)
čьrmьně (locative masculine singular)
čьrmьně (feminine locative singular)
čьrmьně (locative neuter singular)
čьrmьne (masculine singular vocative)
čьrmьno (feminine singular vocative)
čьrmьno (neuter singular vocative)
čьrmьna (dual masculine nominative)
čьrmьně (dual feminine nominative)
čьrmьně (dual neuter nominative)
čьrmьnu (dual genitive masculine)
čьrmьnu (dual feminine genitive)
čьrmьnu (dual genitive neuter)
čьrmьnoma (dative dual masculine)
čьrmьnama (dative dual feminine)
čьrmьnoma (dative dual neuter)
čьrmьna (accusative dual masculine)
čьrmьně (accusative dual feminine)
čьrmьně (accusative dual neuter)
čьrmьnoma (dual instrumental masculine)
čьrmьnama (dual feminine instrumental)
čьrmьnoma (dual instrumental neuter)
čьrmьnu (dual locative masculine)
čьrmьnu (dual feminine locative)
čьrmьnu (dual locative neuter)
čьrmьna (dual masculine vocative)
čьrmьně (dual feminine vocative)
čьrmьně (dual neuter vocative)
čьrmьni (masculine nominative plural)
čьrmьny (feminine nominative plural)
čьrmьna (neuter nominative plural)
čьrmьnъ (genitive masculine plural)
čьrmьnъ (feminine genitive plural)
čьrmьnъ (genitive neuter plural)
čьrmьnomъ (dative masculine plural)
čьrmьnamъ (dative feminine plural)
čьrmьnomъ (dative neuter plural)
čьrmьny (accusative masculine plural)
čьrmьny (accusative feminine plural)
čьrmьna (accusative neuter plural)
čьrmьny (instrumental masculine plural)
čьrmьnami (feminine instrumental plural)
čьrmьny (instrumental neuter plural)
čьrmьněxъ (locative masculine plural)
čьrmьnaxъ (feminine locative plural)
čьrmьněxъ (locative neuter plural)
čьrmьni (masculine plural vocative)
čьrmьny (feminine plural vocative)
čьrmьna (neuter plural vocative)
čьrmьnъjь (masculine nominative singular)
čьrmьnaja (feminine nominative singular)
čьrmьnoje (neuter nominative singular)
čьrmьnajego (genitive masculine singular)
čьrmьnyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
čьrmьnajego (genitive neuter singular)
čьrmьnujemu (dative masculine singular)
čьrmьněji (dative feminine singular)
čьrmьnujemu (dative neuter singular)
čьrmьnъjь (accusative masculine singular)
čьrmьnǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
čьrmьnoje (accusative neuter singular)
čьrmьnyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
čьrmьnǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
čьrmьnyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
čьrmьnějemь (locative masculine singular)
čьrmьněji (feminine locative singular)
čьrmьnějemь (locative neuter singular)
čьrmьnъjь (masculine singular vocative)
čьrmьnaja (feminine singular vocative)
čьrmьnoje (neuter singular vocative)
čьrmьnaja (dual masculine nominative)
čьrmьněji (dual feminine nominative)
čьrmьněji (dual neuter nominative)
čьrmьnuju (dual genitive masculine)
čьrmьnuju (dual feminine genitive)
čьrmьnuju (dual genitive neuter)
čьrmьnyjima (dative dual masculine)
čьrmьnyjima (dative dual feminine)
čьrmьnyjima (dative dual neuter)
čьrmьnaja (accusative dual masculine)
čьrmьněji (accusative dual feminine)
čьrmьněji (accusative dual neuter)
čьrmьnyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
čьrmьnyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
čьrmьnyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
čьrmьnuju (dual locative masculine)
čьrmьnuju (dual feminine locative)
čьrmьnuju (dual locative neuter)
čьrmьnaja (dual masculine vocative)
čьrmьněji (dual feminine vocative)
čьrmьněji (dual neuter vocative)
čьrmьniji (masculine nominative plural)
čьrmьnyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
čьrmьnaja (neuter nominative plural)
čьrmьnъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
čьrmьnъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
čьrmьnъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
čьrmьnyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
čьrmьnyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
čьrmьnyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
čьrmьnyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
čьrmьnyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
čьrmьnaja (accusative neuter plural)
čьrmьnyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
čьrmьnyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
čьrmьnyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
čьrmьnyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
čьrmьnyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
čьrmьnyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
čьrmьniji (masculine plural vocative)
čьrmьnyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
čьrmьnaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Russian: черемно́й (čeremnój), черёмный (čerjómnyj)

Old Novgorodian: цьрмьне (ćĭrmĭne), цьрьмьне (ćĭrĭmĭne)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: чрьмьнъ (črĭmĭnŭ)

Serbo-Croatian: crman

West Slavic:

Czech: čermný, črmný

Polish: czermny


čьrtъ

čь̑rtъ (canonical masculine)
čь̑rtъ (nominative singular)
čь̑rta (dual nominative)
čь̑rti (nominative plural)
čь̑rta (genitive singular)
čьrtù (dual genitive)
čь̃rtъ (genitive plural)
čь̑rtu (dative singular)
čьrtomà (dative dual)
čьrtòmъ (dative plural)
čь̑rtъ (accusative singular)
čь̑rta (accusative dual)
čь̑rty (accusative plural)
čь̑rtъmь (instrumental singular)
čь̑rtomь (instrumental singular)
čьrtomà (dual instrumental)
čьrtý (instrumental plural)
čь̑rtě (locative singular)
čьrtù (dual locative)
čьrtě̃xъ (locative plural)
čьrte (singular vocative)
čь̑rta (dual vocative)
čь̑rti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: чортъ (čortŭ)

Belarusian: чорт (čort)

Russian: чёрт (čort)

→ Bulgarian: чорт (čort)

→ Polish: czort, ciort

Ukrainian: чорт (čort)

Old Novgorodian: цьрте (ćĭrte)

South Slavic:

Slovene: čȓt (“hostile spirit; animosity”)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: črt

Czech: čert

→ Polish: czert

Moravian (Mistřice): čert

Old Polish: czart

Polish: czart

Silesian: czart

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: czart, czôrt

Slovincian: czart

Slovak: čert

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: cart; cert (dialectal)

Upper Sorbian: čert

Non-Slavic:

→ Lithuanian: čartas, čertas

Unclear. Usually two theories are proposed:
* Past passive participle of unattested verb (*čьrěti?; nouns: *čarъ, *čara (“magic, sorcery”)) that is the exact equivalent of the Lithuanian kerė́ti (“to bewitch”). This etymology is supported by analogies, cf. *vȏrgъ (“foe, enemy; evil spirit”) > *voržiti (“to divine”). Cognate with Sanskrit कृत्या (kṛtyā, “female demon, sorceress”).
* Past passive participle of *čerti (“to cut”). This etymology is supported by the fact that in many beliefs, evil spirits were often mutilated, cf. Polish kusy (“devil”), Bulgarian къ́с (kǎ́s, “devil”) from Proto-Slavic *kǫsъ (“bitten off; short; tailless”). Relation with *čьrta, *čara (“line”), *čersti, *čьrtiti (“to cut”) is also possible.
Other propositions include:
* Berneker: past passive participle of unattested verb that is the exact equivalent of the Lithuanian kyrė́ti (“to take revenge”) from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, to cross”) (or *ker- (“to assault”)) with literal meaning “avenger”. Bezlaj derives it from the same root, but through a different semantic shift: “astride, askew” → “evil, treacherous”.
* From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kerH- (“to swing, to skip, to jump”) though a semantic development “quick” → “scary, freakish”.
Modern descendants are sometimes associated through folk etymology with (descendants of) Proto-Slavic *čьrnъ (“black”).


čubъ

čubъ (nominative singular)
čuba (dual nominative)
čubi (nominative plural)
čuba (genitive singular)
čubu (dual genitive)
čubъ (genitive plural)
čubu (dative singular)
čuboma (dative dual)
čubomъ (dative plural)
čubъ (accusative singular)
čuba (accusative dual)
čuby (accusative plural)
čubъmь (instrumental singular)
čubomь (instrumental singular)
čuboma (dual instrumental)
čuby (instrumental plural)
čubě (locative singular)
čubu (dual locative)
čuběxъ (locative plural)
čube (singular vocative)
čuba (dual vocative)
čubi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *чубъ (*čubŭ)

Old Ruthenian: *чубъ (*čub)

Belarusian: чуб (čub)

Ukrainian: чуб (čub)

Russian: чуб (čub)

West Slavic:

Czech: čub

desctree

Old Polish: czub
Polish: czub, czuba (Żywiec)
Silesian: czub

Slovak: čub

Slovincian: czúb

Together with Proto-Slavic *skuti (“to pluck hair, weeds”), supposed to be from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewbʰ-. Akin to Lithuanian skùbti (“to hurry”), Proto-Germanic *skeubaną (“to shove”). Further related appears to be Albanian humb (“to get lost”) via a nasal infix.
Per Trubachev and Vasmer, distantly related to Proto-Slavic *čupъ. Trubachev mentions as possible descendants Serbo-Croatian ćùba, Slovene čọ́ba, however, per Snoj they may actually reflect Proto-Slavic *čьnoba.

cog

(in South Slavic)


deševъ

dȅševъ (canonical)
deševъ (masculine nominative singular)
deševa (feminine nominative singular)
deševo (neuter nominative singular)
deševa (genitive masculine singular)
deševy (feminine genitive singular)
deševa (genitive neuter singular)
deševu (dative masculine singular)
deševě (dative feminine singular)
deševu (dative neuter singular)
deševъ (accusative masculine singular)
deševǫ (accusative feminine singular)
deševo (accusative neuter singular)
deševomь (instrumental masculine singular)
deševojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
deševomь (instrumental neuter singular)
deševě (locative masculine singular)
deševě (feminine locative singular)
deševě (locative neuter singular)
deševe (masculine singular vocative)
deševo (feminine singular vocative)
deševo (neuter singular vocative)
deševa (dual masculine nominative)
deševě (dual feminine nominative)
deševě (dual neuter nominative)
deševu (dual genitive masculine)
deševu (dual feminine genitive)
deševu (dual genitive neuter)
deševoma (dative dual masculine)
deševama (dative dual feminine)
deševoma (dative dual neuter)
deševa (accusative dual masculine)
deševě (accusative dual feminine)
deševě (accusative dual neuter)
deševoma (dual instrumental masculine)
deševama (dual feminine instrumental)
deševoma (dual instrumental neuter)
deševu (dual locative masculine)
deševu (dual feminine locative)
deševu (dual locative neuter)
deševa (dual masculine vocative)
deševě (dual feminine vocative)
deševě (dual neuter vocative)
deševi (masculine nominative plural)
deševy (feminine nominative plural)
deševa (neuter nominative plural)
deševъ (genitive masculine plural)
deševъ (feminine genitive plural)
deševъ (genitive neuter plural)
deševomъ (dative masculine plural)
deševamъ (dative feminine plural)
deševomъ (dative neuter plural)
deševy (accusative masculine plural)
deševy (accusative feminine plural)
deševa (accusative neuter plural)
deševy (instrumental masculine plural)
deševami (feminine instrumental plural)
deševy (instrumental neuter plural)
deševěxъ (locative masculine plural)
deševaxъ (feminine locative plural)
deševěxъ (locative neuter plural)
deševi (masculine plural vocative)
deševy (feminine plural vocative)
deševa (neuter plural vocative)
deševъjь (masculine nominative singular)
deševaja (feminine nominative singular)
deševoje (neuter nominative singular)
deševajego (genitive masculine singular)
deševyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
deševajego (genitive neuter singular)
deševujemu (dative masculine singular)
deševěji (dative feminine singular)
deševujemu (dative neuter singular)
deševъjь (accusative masculine singular)
deševǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
deševoje (accusative neuter singular)
deševyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
deševǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
deševyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
deševějemь (locative masculine singular)
deševěji (feminine locative singular)
deševějemь (locative neuter singular)
deševъjь (masculine singular vocative)
deševaja (feminine singular vocative)
deševoje (neuter singular vocative)
deševaja (dual masculine nominative)
deševěji (dual feminine nominative)
deševěji (dual neuter nominative)
deševuju (dual genitive masculine)
deševuju (dual feminine genitive)
deševuju (dual genitive neuter)
deševyjima (dative dual masculine)
deševyjima (dative dual feminine)
deševyjima (dative dual neuter)
deševaja (accusative dual masculine)
deševěji (accusative dual feminine)
deševěji (accusative dual neuter)
deševyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
deševyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
deševyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
deševuju (dual locative masculine)
deševuju (dual feminine locative)
deševuju (dual locative neuter)
deševaja (dual masculine vocative)
deševěji (dual feminine vocative)
deševěji (dual neuter vocative)
deševiji (masculine nominative plural)
deševyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
deševaja (neuter nominative plural)
deševъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
deševъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
deševъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
deševyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
deševyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
deševyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
deševyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
deševyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
deševaja (accusative neuter plural)
deševyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
deševyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
deševyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
deševyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
deševyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
deševyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
deševiji (masculine plural vocative)
deševyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
deševaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дешевъ (deševŭ)

Belarusian: дзяшо́вы (dzjašóvy)

Russian: дешёвый (dešóvyj)

Ukrainian: деше́вий (dešévyj)


saďa

sàďa (canonical feminine)
sàďa (nominative singular)
sàďi (dual nominative)
sàďę̇ (nominative plural)
sàďę̇ (genitive singular)
sàďu (dual genitive)
sàďь (genitive plural)
sàďī (dative singular)
sàďama (dative dual)
sàďāmъ (dative plural)
sàďǫ (accusative singular)
sàďi (accusative dual)
sàďę̇ (accusative plural)
sàďējǫ (instrumental singular)
sàďǭ (instrumental singular)
sàďama (dual instrumental)
sàďāmī (instrumental plural)
sàďī (locative singular)
sàďu (dual locative)
sàďāsъ (locative plural)
sàďe (singular vocative)
sàďi (dual vocative)
sàďę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: са́жа (sáža)

Russian: са́жа (sáža)

Ukrainian: са́жа (sáža)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: сажда (sažda)

desc

Bulgarian: са́жда (sážda), са́жди (sáždi) (plural)

Macedonian: саѓа (saǵa)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сађа, саже

Latin script: sađa, saže

Slovene: sája, saje

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sazě

Czech: saze (plural)

Bohemian (Chod dialect): sáze

Polabian: soʒe

Polish: sadza

Old Slovak: sadza

Pannonian Rusyn: садза (sadza)

Slovak: sadza

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: sazy (plural)

Lower Sorbian: saze (plural, dialectal)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sṓdjāˀ. Cognate with Lithuanian súodžiai, Old Norse sót, English soot.


(s)kvьrъ

kvьrъ (nominative singular)
skvьrъ (nominative singular)
kvьra (dual nominative)
skvьra (dual nominative)
kvьri (nominative plural)
skvьri (nominative plural)
kvьra (genitive singular)
skvьra (genitive singular)
kvьru (dual genitive)
skvьru (dual genitive)
kvьrъ (genitive plural)
skvьrъ (genitive plural)
kvьru (dative singular)
skvьru (dative singular)
kvьroma (dative dual)
skvьroma (dative dual)
kvьromъ (dative plural)
skvьromъ (dative plural)
kvьrъ (accusative singular)
skvьrъ (accusative singular)
kvьra (accusative dual)
skvьra (accusative dual)
kvьry (accusative plural)
skvьry (accusative plural)
kvьrъmь (instrumental singular)
skvьrъmь (instrumental singular)
kvьromь (instrumental singular)
skvьromь (instrumental singular)
kvьroma (dual instrumental)
skvьroma (dual instrumental)
kvьry (instrumental plural)
skvьry (instrumental plural)
kvьrě (locative singular)
skvьrě (locative singular)
kvьru (dual locative)
skvьru (dual locative)
kvьrěxъ (locative plural)
skvьrěxъ (locative plural)
kvьre (singular vocative)
skvьre (singular vocative)
kvьra (dual vocative)
skvьra (dual vocative)
kvьri (plural vocative)
skvьri (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: цвър (cvǎr)

Of onomatopoeic origin. The descendants, which did not preserve the s-mobile, have undergone second palatalization of the onset cluster *kvь- > *cvь-.

svirati*svirьcь ()*svirъka ()

to play music, to whistle; music player; whistle


doľa

dòľa (canonical feminine)
dòľa (nominative singular)
dòľi (dual nominative)
dòľę̇ (nominative plural)
dòľę̇ (genitive singular)
dòľu (dual genitive)
dòľь (genitive plural)
dòľi (dative singular)
dòľama (dative dual)
dòľamъ (dative plural)
dòľǫ (accusative singular)
dòľi (accusative dual)
dòľę̇ (accusative plural)
dòľejǫ (instrumental singular)
dòľǫ (instrumental singular)
dòľama (dual instrumental)
dòľamī (instrumental plural)
dòľi (locative singular)
dòľu (dual locative)
dòľasъ (locative plural)
dòľaxъ (locative plural)
doľe (singular vocative)
dòľi (dual vocative)
dòľę̇ (plural vocative)
*dolь (alternative)
*dola (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: долꙗ (dolja)

Old Ruthenian: до́лꙗ (dólja)

Belarusian: до́ля (dólja)

Ukrainian: до́ля (dólja)

Russian: до́ля (dólja)

→ Czech: dola

South Slavic:

Church Slavonic: долꙗ (dolja) (Russian recension)

Bulgarian: доля (dolja)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dole

Polish: dola

Slovak: doľa

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *dáljāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *delh₁- (“to split, divide”). Cognate with Lithuanian dalià, Latvian daļa.


drobь

drȍbь (canonical feminine)
drȍbь (nominative singular)
drȍbi (dual nominative)
drȍbi (nominative plural)
drobí (genitive singular)
drobьjù (dual genitive)
drobь̀jь (genitive plural)
drȍbi (dative singular)
drobьmà (dative dual)
drȍbьmъ (dative plural)
drȍbь (accusative singular)
drȍbi (accusative dual)
drȍbi (accusative plural)
drobьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
drobьmà (dual instrumental)
drobьmì (instrumental plural)
drobí (locative singular)
drobьjù (dual locative)
drȍbьxъ (locative plural)
drobi (singular vocative)
drȍbi (dual vocative)
drȍbi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: дробь (drobʹ)

Ukrainian: дріб (drib)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: дроб (drob)

Macedonian: дропка (dropka)

Slovene: drọ̑b (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Polish: drób


dunǫti

dunovenьje (noun-from-verb)
dunǫti (infinitive)
dunǫtъ (supine)
dunǫlъ (l-participle)
dunǫvъ (active participle past)
dunǫxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dunǫ (aorist second-person singular)
dunǫ (aorist singular third-person)
dunǫ (first-person present singular)
duneši (present second-person singular)
dunetь (present singular third-person)
dunǫxově (aorist dual first-person)
dunǫsta (aorist dual second-person)
dunǫste (aorist dual third-person)
dunevě (dual first-person present)
duneta (dual present second-person)
dunete (dual present third-person)
dunǫxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dunǫste (aorist plural second-person)
dunǫšę (aorist plural third-person)
dunemъ (first-person plural present)
dunete (plural present second-person)
dunǫtь (plural present third-person)
duni (imperative second-person singular)
duni (imperative singular third-person)
duněvě (dual first-person imperative)
duněta (dual imperative second-person)
duněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
duněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: ду́нуть (dúnutʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: доунѫти (dunǫti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ду́нути

Latin script: dúnuti

Slovene: dúniti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dunúti


dušiti

dušìti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
dušenьje (noun-from-verb)
dušiti (infinitive)
dušitъ (supine)
dušilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
dušenъ (participle passive past)
dušimъ (participle passive present)
dušь (active participle past)
dušę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
dušixъ (aorist first-person singular)
duši (aorist second-person singular)
duši (aorist singular third-person)
dušǫ (first-person present singular)
dušiši (present second-person singular)
dušitь (present singular third-person)
dušixově (aorist dual first-person)
dušista (aorist dual second-person)
dušiste (aorist dual third-person)
dušivě (dual first-person present)
dušita (dual present second-person)
dušite (dual present third-person)
dušixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dušiste (aorist plural second-person)
dušišę (aorist plural third-person)
dušimъ (first-person plural present)
dušite (plural present second-person)
dušętь (plural present third-person)
dušaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dušaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dušaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
duši (imperative second-person singular)
duši (imperative singular third-person)
dušaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dušaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dušaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dušivě (dual first-person imperative)
dušita (dual imperative second-person)
dušaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dušaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dušaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dušimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dušite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: душы́ць (dušýcʹ)

Russian: души́ть (dušítʹ)

Ukrainian: души́ти (dušýty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: душа́ (dušá)

Macedonian: души (duši) (literary), гуши (guši)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ду́шити (literary), гу́шити

Latin script: dúšiti (literary), gúšiti

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: dušíti, dušȋti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: dusit

Kashubian: dëszëc, dusëc

Polish: dusić

Slovak: dusiť

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *dʰews- (“to breathe”) + *-éyeti.


dušiti

dȗšiti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
dušenьje (noun-from-verb)
dušiti (infinitive)
dušitъ (supine)
dušilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
dušenъ (participle passive past)
dušimъ (participle passive present)
dušь (active participle past)
dušę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
dušixъ (aorist first-person singular)
duši (aorist second-person singular)
duši (aorist singular third-person)
dušǫ (first-person present singular)
dušiši (present second-person singular)
dušitь (present singular third-person)
dušixově (aorist dual first-person)
dušista (aorist dual second-person)
dušiste (aorist dual third-person)
dušivě (dual first-person present)
dušita (dual present second-person)
dušite (dual present third-person)
dušixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dušiste (aorist plural second-person)
dušišę (aorist plural third-person)
dušimъ (first-person plural present)
dušite (plural present second-person)
dušętь (plural present third-person)
dušaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dušaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dušaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
duši (imperative second-person singular)
duši (imperative singular third-person)
dušaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dušaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dušaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dušivě (dual first-person imperative)
dušita (dual imperative second-person)
dušaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dušaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dušaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dušimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dušite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Belarusian: душы́ць (dušýcʹ, “to perfume”)

Russian: души́ть (dušítʹ, “to perfume”)

Ukrainian: души́ти (dušýty, “to perfume”)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ду́ша (dúša, “to sniff, to try to smell”)

Macedonian: ду́шне (dúšne), ду́шка (dúška)

Denominal verb from *duxъ (“spirit”) + *-iti.


drъva

drъvà (canonical neuter plural)
drъvà (nominative plural)
drъ̀vъ (genitive plural)
drъvòmъ (dative plural)
drъvà (accusative plural)
drъvý (instrumental plural)
drъvě̃xъ (locative plural)
drъvà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дръва (drŭva), дрова (drova), дрꙑва (dryva)

Middle Belarusian: дрова (drova), дрыва (dryva), дрва (drva)

Belarusian: дро́вы (dróvy), дро́ва (dróva)

Middle Russian: дръва (drʺva), дрова (drova)

Russian: дрова́ (drová)

Middle Ukrainian: дрова (drova), дрива (dryva), дрыва (dryva), дърва (drva)

Ukrainian: дро́ва (dróva)

Carpathian Rusyn: дырва (dŷrva)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: дръва (drŭva)

Russian Church Slavonic: дръва (drŭva), дрова (drova)

Bulgarian: дърва́ (dǎrvá)

Macedonian: дрва (drva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: др̀ва, др̏еа f (“log”)

Latin script: dr̀va, dȑea f (“log”)

Slovene: dŕva

West Slavic:

Czech: drva (dialectal)

Kashubian: drwa

Polabian: dråvă

Polish: drwa

Slovak: drvá (dialectal)


dyňa

dỳňa (canonical feminine)
dỳňa (nominative singular)
dỳňi (dual nominative)
dỳňę̇ (nominative plural)
dỳňę̇ (genitive singular)
dỳňu (dual genitive)
dỳňь (genitive plural)
dỳňī (dative singular)
dỳňama (dative dual)
dỳňāmъ (dative plural)
dỳňǫ (accusative singular)
dỳňi (accusative dual)
dỳňę̇ (accusative plural)
dỳňējǫ (instrumental singular)
dỳňǭ (instrumental singular)
dỳňama (dual instrumental)
dỳňāmī (instrumental plural)
dỳňī (locative singular)
dỳňu (dual locative)
dỳňāsъ (locative plural)
dỳňe (singular vocative)
dỳňi (dual vocative)
dỳňę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дꙑ́нꙗ (dýnja)

Old Ruthenian: *ды́нꙗ (*dýnja)

Belarusian: ды́ня (dýnja)

Carpathian Rusyn: ди́ня (dýnja, “watermelon”)

Ukrainian: ди́ня (dýnja)

Russian: ды́ня (dýnja)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ди́ня (dínja, “melon (in Western Bulgaria), watermelon (in Eastern Bulgaria)”)

Macedonian: диња (dinja)

Serbo-Croatian: dȉnja

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: dínja, dȋnja (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dýně (“pumpkin”)

Czech: dýně (“pumpkin”)

Polish: dynia (“pumpkin”)

desc

Old Slovak: dyňa (“watermelon; cantaloupe; pumpkin”)

Pannonian Rusyn: диня (dinja, “cantaloupe”)

Others:

Hungarian: dinnye

From earlier *kъdyňa, from Latin māla cydōnia, from Ancient Greek κυδώνιον (μῆλον) (kudṓnion (mêlon), “quince”).

der

κυδώνιον (μῆλον)


klonъ

klònъ (canonical masculine)
klònъ (nominative singular)
klonà (dual nominative)
klonì (nominative plural)
klonà (genitive singular)
klonù (dual genitive)
klònъ (genitive plural)
klonù (dative singular)
klonòma (dative dual)
klonòmъ (dative plural)
klònъ (accusative singular)
klonà (accusative dual)
klonỳ (accusative plural)
klonъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
klonòmь (instrumental singular)
klonòma (dual instrumental)
klòny (instrumental plural)
kloně̀ (locative singular)
klonù (dual locative)
klòněxъ (locative plural)
klone (singular vocative)
klonà (dual vocative)
klonì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: клон (klon) (dialectal)

q

Russian: клон (klon) (in North-Eastern dialects (Vologda, Arkhangelsk))

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: клон (klon, “proclivity”) (dialectal, attested in folk songs)

Slovene: klòn (“inclination”) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

desc

Czech: klon (“bend, fold; proclivity; cell”) (dialectal)

Polish: kłon (“bow”) (dialectal)

Sorbian:

⇒ Lower Sorbian: kłonk (“cell, case”)

⇒ Upper Sorbian: kłónk (“cell”)

Akin to Lithuanian klãnas (“puddle, depression”), klõnis (“vale”), dial. Latvian klans (“meadow, puddle”), possibly inherited from common Proto-Balto-Slavic *klánas (“bend, fold”) (met with slight reservation by Trubačev). Further origin perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kel- (“to crook”), however, compare also Proto-Slavic *slonъ (“offset, protrusion”), considered a doublet by Mladenov (evincing for possibe dialectal variation *kl- ~ *ḱl-).


klonъ

klonъ (nominative singular)
klona (dual nominative)
kloni (nominative plural)
klona (genitive singular)
klonu (dual genitive)
klonъ (genitive plural)
klonu (dative singular)
klonoma (dative dual)
klonomъ (dative plural)
klonъ (accusative singular)
klona (accusative dual)
klony (accusative plural)
klonъmь (instrumental singular)
klonomь (instrumental singular)
klonoma (dual instrumental)
klony (instrumental plural)
kloně (locative singular)
klonu (dual locative)
kloněxъ (locative plural)
klone (singular vocative)
klona (dual vocative)
kloni (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: клон (klon)

q

could be borrowed from Ancient Greek <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">κλών</i> (klṓn)

>? Macedonian: клон (klon, “filial”) (could be borrowed from Ancient Greek κλών (klṓn))

West Slavic:

Czech: klon (dialectal)

⇒ Czech: kloník (“bough”) (dialectal)

Per Mladenov, Skok, Vasmer: related to Etymology 1, probably postverbal from Proto-Slavic *kloniti (“to diverge, to arch outwards”). Has been also compared to Ancient Greek κλών (klṓn, “twig”), but per Trubačev (ESSJa) borrowing is unlikely.


dyxati

dyxàti (canonical imperfective)
dyxnǫti (perfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
dyxanьje (noun-from-verb)
dyxati (infinitive)
dyxatъ (supine)
dyxalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
dyxanъ (participle passive past)
dyšemъ (participle passive present)
dyxavъ (active participle past)
dyšę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
dyxaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dyxa (aorist second-person singular)
dyxa (aorist singular third-person)
dyšǫ (first-person present singular)
dyšeši (present second-person singular)
dyšetь (present singular third-person)
dyxaxově (aorist dual first-person)
dyxasta (aorist dual second-person)
dyxaste (aorist dual third-person)
dyševě (dual first-person present)
dyšeta (dual present second-person)
dyšete (dual present third-person)
dyxaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dyxaste (aorist plural second-person)
dyxašę (aorist plural third-person)
dyšemъ (first-person plural present)
dyšete (plural present second-person)
dyšǫtь (plural present third-person)
dyxaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dyxaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dyxaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dyši (imperative second-person singular)
dyši (imperative singular third-person)
dyxaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dyxaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dyxaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dyšivě (dual first-person imperative)
dyšita (dual imperative second-person)
dyxaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dyxaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dyxaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dyšimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dyšite (imperative plural second-person)
a (accent-paradigm)
dyxanьje (noun-from-verb)
dyxati (infinitive)
dyxatъ (supine)
dyxalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
dyxanъ (participle passive past)
dyxajemъ (participle passive present)
dyxavъ (active participle past)
dyxaję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
dyxaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dyxa (aorist second-person singular)
dyxa (aorist singular third-person)
dyxajǫ (first-person present singular)
dyxaješi (present second-person singular)
dyxajetь (present singular third-person)
dyxaxově (aorist dual first-person)
dyxasta (aorist dual second-person)
dyxaste (aorist dual third-person)
dyxajevě (dual first-person present)
dyxajeta (dual present second-person)
dyxajete (dual present third-person)
dyxaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dyxaste (aorist plural second-person)
dyxašę (aorist plural third-person)
dyxajemъ (first-person plural present)
dyxajete (plural present second-person)
dyxajǫtь (plural present third-person)
dyxaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dyxaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dyxaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dyxaji (imperative second-person singular)
dyxaji (imperative singular third-person)
dyxaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dyxaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dyxaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dyxajivě (dual first-person imperative)
dyxajita (dual imperative second-person)
dyxaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dyxaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dyxaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dyxajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dyxajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ды́хаць (dýxacʹ)

Russian: ды́хать (dýxatʹ) (obsolete)

Ukrainian: ди́хати (dýxaty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: дꙑхати (dyxati)

desc

Bulgarian: дихая (dihaja) (archaic), дихам (diham), дихвам (dihvam)

Macedonian: дише (diše), дија (dija) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian: (Chakavian)

Cyrillic script: дихати

Latin script: díhati, dȉhati

Slovene: díhati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dýchati

Czech: dýchat

Polish: dychać (archaic)

Old Slovak: dýchať

Pannonian Rusyn: дихац (dixac)

Slovak: dýchať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: dychać

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: dihat

Formed as *dyxъ (“whiff”) + *-ati, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *dáuṣas, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰus-, *dʰūs-, *dʰwes- (“to blow”), see also Latvian dvest (“to breathe”), Lithuanian dūsúoti (“to breathe heavily”).


dyšati

dyšàti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
dyšanьje (noun-from-verb)
dyšati (infinitive)
dyšatъ (supine)
dyšalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
dyšanъ (participle passive past)
dyšimъ (participle passive present)
dyšavъ (active participle past)
dyšę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
dyšaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dyša (aorist second-person singular)
dyša (aorist singular third-person)
dyšǫ (first-person present singular)
dyšiši (present second-person singular)
dyšitь (present singular third-person)
dyšaxově (aorist dual first-person)
dyšasta (aorist dual second-person)
dyšaste (aorist dual third-person)
dyšivě (dual first-person present)
dyšita (dual present second-person)
dyšite (dual present third-person)
dyšaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dyšaste (aorist plural second-person)
dyšašę (aorist plural third-person)
dyšimъ (first-person plural present)
dyšite (plural present second-person)
dyšętь (plural present third-person)
dyšaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dyšaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dyšaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dyši (imperative second-person singular)
dyši (imperative singular third-person)
dyšaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dyšaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dyšaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dyšivě (dual first-person imperative)
dyšita (dual imperative second-person)
dyšaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dyšaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dyšaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dyšimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dyšite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: дыша́ть (dyšátʹ)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: dȉšati, dȉšiti

Slovene: dišáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Polish: dyszeć

From an earlier *dyxěti, formed as *dyxъ (“whiff”) + *-ěti. Cognate with Lithuanian dūsė́ti (“to gasp”) and akin to Lithuanian dusė́ti (“to cough”), Latvian dusêt (“to gasp, to breathe”).


dyšati

dyšanьje (noun-from-verb)
dyšati (infinitive)
dyšatъ (supine)
dyšalъ (l-participle)
dyšanъ (participle passive past)
dyšajemъ (participle passive present)
dyšavъ (active participle past)
dyšaję (active participle present)
dyšaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dyša (aorist second-person singular)
dyša (aorist singular third-person)
dyšajǫ (first-person present singular)
dyšaješi (present second-person singular)
dyšajetь (present singular third-person)
dyšaxově (aorist dual first-person)
dyšasta (aorist dual second-person)
dyšaste (aorist dual third-person)
dyšajevě (dual first-person present)
dyšajeta (dual present second-person)
dyšajete (dual present third-person)
dyšaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dyšaste (aorist plural second-person)
dyšašę (aorist plural third-person)
dyšajemъ (first-person plural present)
dyšajete (plural present second-person)
dyšajǫtь (plural present third-person)
dyšaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dyšaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dyšaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dyšaji (imperative second-person singular)
dyšaji (imperative singular third-person)
dyšaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dyšaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dyšaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dyšajivě (dual first-person imperative)
dyšajita (dual imperative second-person)
dyšaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dyšaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dyšaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dyšajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dyšajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ди́шам (díšam)

Macedonian: дише (diše)

Secondary iterative form of the intensive *dyxati + *-jati. Akin to Lithuanian dūsúoti (“to breathe heavily”).


sloniti

slonìti (canonical imperfective)
slaněti (perfective)
sloniti (infinitive)
slonitъ (supine)
slonjenьje (noun-from-verb)
slonę (active present)
slonjь (active past)
slonimъ (passive present)
slonjenъ (passive past)
slonilъ (past resultative)
slonjǫ (first-person present singular)
slonišь (present second-person singular)
sloni (imperative second-person singular)
slonitь (present singular third-person)
sloni (imperative singular third-person)
slonivě (dual first-person present)
slonivě (dual first-person imperative)
slonita (dual present second-person)
slonita (dual imperative second-person)
slonite (dual present third-person)
slonite (dual imperative third-person)
slonimъ (first-person plural present)
slonimъ (first-person imperative plural)
slonite (plural present second-person)
slonite (imperative plural second-person)
slonętь (plural present third-person)
slonjaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
slonixъ (aorist first-person singular)
slonjaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sloni (aorist second-person singular)
slonjaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sloni (aorist singular third-person)
slonjaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
slonixově (aorist dual first-person)
slonjaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
slonista (aorist dual second-person)
slonjaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sloniste (aorist dual third-person)
slonjaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
slonixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
slonjaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sloniste (aorist plural second-person)
slonjaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
slonišę (aorist plural third-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: -слони́ть (-slonítʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: слонити (sloniti)

Bulgarian: слоня (slonja)

Macedonian: слони (sloni) (dialectal)

⇒ Serbo-Croatian: zaslòniti

West Slavic:

Czech: slonit, clonit

Polish: słonić

Slovak: slоniť, cloniť

Formed as *slonъ (“shed, offset”) + *-iti.


tьlo

tьlò (canonical neuter)
tьlò (nominative singular)
tь̀lě (dual nominative)
tьlà (nominative plural)
tьlà (genitive singular)
tьlù (dual genitive)
tь̀lъ (genitive plural)
tьlù (dative singular)
tьlòma (dative dual)
tьlòmъ (dative plural)
tьlò (accusative singular)
tь̀lě (accusative dual)
tьlà (accusative plural)
tьlъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
tьlòmь (instrumental singular)
tьlòma (dual instrumental)
tь̀ly (instrumental plural)
tьlě̀ (locative singular)
tьlù (dual locative)
tь̀lěxъ (locative plural)
tьlò (singular vocative)
tь̀lě (dual vocative)
tьlà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: тьло (tĭlo)

Russian: тло (tlo) (obsolete)

Ukrainian: тло (tlo)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: тьло (tĭlo)

Glagolitic script: ⱅⱐⰾⱁ (tĭlo)

Macedonian: тло (tlo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тло̏

Latin script: tlȍ

Slovene: tlȁ pl (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: tlo

Czech: tlo

Slovak: tlo

Pannonian Rusyn: тло (tlo)

Old Polish: tło

Polish: tło

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: tło

Lower Sorbian: tło

Commonly listed under Proto-Indo-European *telh₂- (“ground”).


dъxъ

dъxъ (nominative singular)
dъxa (dual nominative)
dъśi (nominative plural)
dъxa (genitive singular)
dъxu (dual genitive)
dъxъ (genitive plural)
dъxu (dative singular)
dъxoma (dative dual)
dъxomъ (dative plural)
dъxъ (accusative singular)
dъxa (accusative dual)
dъxy (accusative plural)
dъxъmь (instrumental singular)
dъxomь (instrumental singular)
dъxoma (dual instrumental)
dъxy (instrumental plural)
dъśě (locative singular)
dъxu (dual locative)
dъśěxъ (locative plural)
dъše (singular vocative)
dъxa (dual vocative)
dъśi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

⇒ Russian: вдох (vdox)

Ukrainian: дох (dox)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: дъхъ (dŭxŭ)

Bulgarian: дъх (dǎh)

Serbo-Croatian: да̏х

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dech

Czech: dech

Polish: dech

Zero-grade counterpart of *duxъ (“breath, spirit”) and *dyxъ (“whiff, sniff”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰews-.


duxati

duxàti (canonical imperfective)
duxnǫti (perfective)
duxanьje (noun-from-verb)
duxati (infinitive)
duxatъ (supine)
duxalъ (l-participle)
duxanъ (participle passive past)
duxajemъ (participle passive present)
duxavъ (active participle past)
duxaję (active participle present)
duxaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
duxa (aorist second-person singular)
duxa (aorist singular third-person)
duxajǫ (first-person present singular)
duxaješi (present second-person singular)
duxajetь (present singular third-person)
duxaxově (aorist dual first-person)
duxasta (aorist dual second-person)
duxaste (aorist dual third-person)
duxajevě (dual first-person present)
duxajeta (dual present second-person)
duxajete (dual present third-person)
duxaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
duxaste (aorist plural second-person)
duxašę (aorist plural third-person)
duxajemъ (first-person plural present)
duxajete (plural present second-person)
duxajǫtь (plural present third-person)
duxaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
duxaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
duxaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
duxaji (imperative second-person singular)
duxaji (imperative singular third-person)
duxaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
duxaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
duxaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
duxajivě (dual first-person imperative)
duxajita (dual imperative second-person)
duxaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
duxaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
duxaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
duxajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
duxajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: духати (duxati)

Ukrainian: ду́хати (dúxaty) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: доухати (duxati)

Bulgarian: ду́хам (dúham)

Macedonian: дува (duva)

Serbo-Croatian: ду́хати

Slovene: dúhati

West Slavic:

Czech: douchati

Polish: duchać

Slovak: dúchat'

Factitive-iterative verb from *duxъ (“breath, sprite”) + *-ati, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰews- (“to breathe”). Related via schwebeablaut to *dvoxati (“to breathe heavily”).


komoňь

komoňь (nominative singular)
komoňa (dual nominative)
komoňi (nominative plural)
komoňa (genitive singular)
komoňu (dual genitive)
komoňь (genitive plural)
komoňu (dative singular)
komoňema (dative dual)
komoňemъ (dative plural)
komoňь (accusative singular)
komoňa (accusative dual)
komoňę̇ (accusative plural)
komoňьmь (instrumental singular)
komoňemь (instrumental singular)
komoňema (dual instrumental)
komoňi (instrumental plural)
komoňi (locative singular)
komoňu (dual locative)
komoňixъ (locative plural)
komoňu (singular vocative)
komoňa (dual vocative)
komoňi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: комонь (komonĭ)

Russian: ко́мо́нь (kómónʹ)

Ukrainian: ко́мо́нь (kómónʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: комонь (komonĭ)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: komoň

Czech: komoň (archaic, literary)

Polish: *komon- (see derived terms)

Polish: komonik, komonnik

From *kammanios, from a Celtic idiom, per Václav Blažek.


slьza

slьzà (canonical feminine)
slьzà (nominative singular)
slь̏zě (dual nominative)
slь̏zy (nominative plural)
slьzý (genitive singular)
slьzù (dual genitive)
slь̀zъ (genitive plural)
slьzě̀ (dative singular)
slьzàma (dative dual)
slьzàmъ (dative plural)
slь̏zǫ (accusative singular)
slь̏zě (accusative dual)
slь̏zy (accusative plural)
slьzojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
slьzàma (dual instrumental)
slьzàmi (instrumental plural)
slь̏zě (locative singular)
slьzù (dual locative)
slьzàsъ (locative plural)
slьzàxъ (locative plural)
slьzo (singular vocative)
slь̏zě (dual vocative)
slь̏zy (plural vocative)
*slьdza (alternative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: сльза (slĭza)
Old Ruthenian: слеза (sleza)
Belarusian: сляза́ (sljazá); сьляза́ (sʹljazá) (Taraškievica)
Carpathian Rusyn: слыза́ (slŷzá)
Ukrainian: сльоза́ (slʹozá); слеза́ (slezá), сліза́ (slizá) (dialectal)
Russian: слеза́ (slezá)

Old Novgorodian: сльꙁа (slĭza)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сльза (slĭza)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⰾⱐⰸⰰ (slĭza)

Bulgarian: сълза (sǎlza)

Macedonian: солза (solza)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: су̏за

Latin script: sȕza

Slovene: sólza (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: slza, sľza (alternative writing)
Czech: slza

Kashubian: łza

Polabian: slåză

Old Polish: słza, łza
Polish: łza, śloza, zła (Przemyśl)

Slovak: slza

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: łdza

Upper Sorbian: sylza

Considered a deverbative of *slьzati (“to slip, to slide”), ultimately a form of the root Proto-Indo-European *sleydʰ- (“to slide, to lick”). As such, the semantic development has been "something that slips, slides" > "tear, (tear)drop". Related to *slizь (“slime, mucus”), compare Middle Low German slik (“slime”), German schlickern (“to slip”), Middle High German slich (“clay, silt”). Also compare Lithuanian šlusti (“to clean, to sweep”), šlakėti (“to drip”), Latvian slota (“broom”); Sanskrit सृजति (sṛjati, “discharge, emit”), Avestan 𐬯𐬭𐬀𐬯𐬐𐬀 (sraska, “tear”), Persian سرشک (serešk, “teardrop”).
For *slizь relation, compare typologically Mongolian нулимс (nulims) likely related to or influenced by нус (nus).


slizъkъ

slȋzъkъ (canonical)
slizъkъ (masculine nominative singular)
slizъka (feminine nominative singular)
slizъko (neuter nominative singular)
slizъka (genitive masculine singular)
slizъky (feminine genitive singular)
slizъka (genitive neuter singular)
slizъku (dative masculine singular)
slizъkě (dative feminine singular)
slizъku (dative neuter singular)
slizъkъ (accusative masculine singular)
slizъkǫ (accusative feminine singular)
slizъko (accusative neuter singular)
slizъkomь (instrumental masculine singular)
slizъkojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
slizъkomь (instrumental neuter singular)
slizъkě (locative masculine singular)
slizъkě (feminine locative singular)
slizъkě (locative neuter singular)
slizъke (masculine singular vocative)
slizъko (feminine singular vocative)
slizъko (neuter singular vocative)
slizъka (dual masculine nominative)
slizъkě (dual feminine nominative)
slizъkě (dual neuter nominative)
slizъku (dual genitive masculine)
slizъku (dual feminine genitive)
slizъku (dual genitive neuter)
slizъkoma (dative dual masculine)
slizъkama (dative dual feminine)
slizъkoma (dative dual neuter)
slizъka (accusative dual masculine)
slizъkě (accusative dual feminine)
slizъkě (accusative dual neuter)
slizъkoma (dual instrumental masculine)
slizъkama (dual feminine instrumental)
slizъkoma (dual instrumental neuter)
slizъku (dual locative masculine)
slizъku (dual feminine locative)
slizъku (dual locative neuter)
slizъka (dual masculine vocative)
slizъkě (dual feminine vocative)
slizъkě (dual neuter vocative)
slizъki (masculine nominative plural)
slizъky (feminine nominative plural)
slizъka (neuter nominative plural)
slizъkъ (genitive masculine plural)
slizъkъ (feminine genitive plural)
slizъkъ (genitive neuter plural)
slizъkomъ (dative masculine plural)
slizъkamъ (dative feminine plural)
slizъkomъ (dative neuter plural)
slizъky (accusative masculine plural)
slizъky (accusative feminine plural)
slizъka (accusative neuter plural)
slizъky (instrumental masculine plural)
slizъkami (feminine instrumental plural)
slizъky (instrumental neuter plural)
slizъkěxъ (locative masculine plural)
slizъkaxъ (feminine locative plural)
slizъkěxъ (locative neuter plural)
slizъki (masculine plural vocative)
slizъky (feminine plural vocative)
slizъka (neuter plural vocative)
slizъkъjь (masculine nominative singular)
slizъkaja (feminine nominative singular)
slizъkoje (neuter nominative singular)
slizъkajego (genitive masculine singular)
slizъkyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
slizъkajego (genitive neuter singular)
slizъkujemu (dative masculine singular)
slizъkěji (dative feminine singular)
slizъkujemu (dative neuter singular)
slizъkъjь (accusative masculine singular)
slizъkǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
slizъkoje (accusative neuter singular)
slizъkyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
slizъkǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
slizъkyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
slizъkějemь (locative masculine singular)
slizъkěji (feminine locative singular)
slizъkějemь (locative neuter singular)
slizъkъjь (masculine singular vocative)
slizъkaja (feminine singular vocative)
slizъkoje (neuter singular vocative)
slizъkaja (dual masculine nominative)
slizъkěji (dual feminine nominative)
slizъkěji (dual neuter nominative)
slizъkuju (dual genitive masculine)
slizъkuju (dual feminine genitive)
slizъkuju (dual genitive neuter)
slizъkyjima (dative dual masculine)
slizъkyjima (dative dual feminine)
slizъkyjima (dative dual neuter)
slizъkaja (accusative dual masculine)
slizъkěji (accusative dual feminine)
slizъkěji (accusative dual neuter)
slizъkyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
slizъkyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
slizъkyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
slizъkuju (dual locative masculine)
slizъkuju (dual feminine locative)
slizъkuju (dual locative neuter)
slizъkaja (dual masculine vocative)
slizъkěji (dual feminine vocative)
slizъkěji (dual neuter vocative)
slizъkiji (masculine nominative plural)
slizъkyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
slizъkaja (neuter nominative plural)
slizъkъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
slizъkъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
slizъkъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
slizъkyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
slizъkyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
slizъkyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
slizъkyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
slizъkyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
slizъkaja (accusative neuter plural)
slizъkyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
slizъkyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
slizъkyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
slizъkyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
slizъkyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
slizъkyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
slizъkiji (masculine plural vocative)
slizъkyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
slizъkaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: сли́зкий (slízkij)

Ukrainian: слизьки́й (slyzʹkýj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: сльзъкъ (slĭzŭkŭ)

Slovene: slízek (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: slizký

Polish: śliski

Slovak: slizký


slizь

slizь (nominative singular)
slizi (dual nominative)
slizi (nominative plural)
slizi (genitive singular)
slizьju (dual genitive)
slizьjь (genitive plural)
slizi (dative singular)
slizьma (dative dual)
slizьmъ (dative plural)
slizь (accusative singular)
slizi (accusative dual)
slizi (accusative plural)
slizьjǫ (instrumental singular)
slizьma (dual instrumental)
slizьmi (instrumental plural)
slizi (locative singular)
slizьju (dual locative)
slizьxъ (locative plural)
slizi (singular vocative)
slizi (dual vocative)
slizi (plural vocative)

East Slavic: слизь (slizĭ)

Belarusian: слізь (slizʹ)

Russian: слизь (slizʹ)

Ukrainian: слиз (slyz)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: слизь (slizĭ)

Bulgarian: слиз (sliz, “saliva”)

Slovene: slȋz (tonal orthography)

Continues forms of the root Proto-Indo-European *sleydʰ- (“to slide, to lick”). Akin to Proto-Germanic *slīkaz (“slick, smooth”).


slizь

slizь (nominative singular)
sliza (dual nominative)
slizi (nominative plural)
sliza (genitive singular)
slizu (dual genitive)
slizь (genitive plural)
slizu (dative singular)
slizema (dative dual)
slizemъ (dative plural)
slizь (accusative singular)
sliza (accusative dual)
slizę̇ (accusative plural)
slizьmь (instrumental singular)
slizemь (instrumental singular)
slizema (dual instrumental)
slizi (instrumental plural)
slizi (locative singular)
slizu (dual locative)
slizixъ (locative plural)
slizu (singular vocative)
sliza (dual vocative)
slizi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: слиз (sliz) (archaic)

desc

Russian: слизень (slizenʹ), слизняк (sliznjak)

Ukrainian: слиж (slyž)

West Slavic:

Czech: sliz

Polish: śliz

Slovak: slíž

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: sliž

Upper Sorbian: sliž

From an earlier *slizъ, of the same root as the i-stem. In Czech, this form has merged with the i-stem.


slědъ

slě̑dъ (canonical masculine)
slě̑dъ (nominative singular)
slě̑dy (dual nominative)
slě̑dove (nominative plural)
slě̑du (genitive singular)
slědovù (dual genitive)
slědòvъ (genitive plural)
slě̑dovi (dative singular)
slědъmà (dative dual)
slě̑dъmъ (dative plural)
slě̑dъ (accusative singular)
slě̑dy (accusative dual)
slě̑dy (accusative plural)
slě̑dъmь (instrumental singular)
slědъmà (dual instrumental)
slědъmì (instrumental plural)
slědú (locative singular)
slědovù (dual locative)
slě̑dъxъ (locative plural)
slědu (singular vocative)
slě̑dy (dual vocative)
slě̑dove (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: слѣдъ (slědŭ)

Middle Belarusian: слѣдъ (slěd)

Belarusian: след (sljed)

Middle Ukrainian: слѣдъ (slid)

Ukrainian: слід (slid)

Russian: след (sled)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: слѣдъ (slědŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⰾⱑⰴⱏ (slědŭ)

Bulgarian: следа́ (sledá)

Macedonian: следа (sleda)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сле̑д

Latin script: slȇd

Slovene: slẹ̑d (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sled

Czech: sled

Old Polish: ślad

Polish: ślad

Polabian: sľod

Old Slovak: sled, *slid

Pannonian Rusyn: шлїд (šljid)

Slovak: sled

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: slěd

Upper Sorbian: slěd

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sláidus (“track, trace”).

inh

Marko Snoj
be:Аляксандр Мікалаевіч Булыка
uk:Гринчишин Дмитро Григорович


mъskъ

mъ̀skъ (canonical masculine)
mъ̀skъ (nominative singular)
mъskà (dual nominative)
mъscì (nominative plural)
mъskà (genitive singular)
mъskù (dual genitive)
mъ̀skъ (genitive plural)
mъskù (dative singular)
mъskòma (dative dual)
mъskòmъ (dative plural)
mъ̀skъ (accusative singular)
mъskà (accusative dual)
mъskỳ (accusative plural)
mъskъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
mъskòmь (instrumental singular)
mъskòma (dual instrumental)
mъ̀sky (instrumental plural)
mъscě̀ (locative singular)
mъskù (dual locative)
mъ̀scěxъ (locative plural)
mъšče (singular vocative)
mъskà (dual vocative)
mъscì (plural vocative)
*mъ̀zgъ (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мъскъ (mŭskŭ)

Russian: меск (mesk)

Ukrainian: меск (mesk)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Church Slavonic: мьзгъ (mĭzgŭ), мьскъ (mĭskŭ)

Bulgarian: мъск (mǎsk)

Macedonian: маска (maska)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мазаг, мазак, мазг

Latin script: mazag, mazak, mazg

Slovene: mezȅg (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mesh, mzha, mezek, mezk

Czech: mezek

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: mjesk

Presumably, spreading from the South, forming an areal Balkan word for 'mule'. The relationship with Latin mulus and Ancient Greek μυχλός (mukhlós) is unclear. All these terms could have derived from an extinct Mediterranean/Near Eastern substrate.


sluzь

sluzь (nominative singular)
sluzi (dual nominative)
sluzi (nominative plural)
sluzi (genitive singular)
sluzьju (dual genitive)
sluzьjь (genitive plural)
sluzi (dative singular)
sluzьma (dative dual)
sluzьmъ (dative plural)
sluzь (accusative singular)
sluzi (accusative dual)
sluzi (accusative plural)
sluzьjǫ (instrumental singular)
sluzьma (dual instrumental)
sluzьmi (instrumental plural)
sluzi (locative singular)
sluzьju (dual locative)
sluzьxъ (locative plural)
sluzi (singular vocative)
sluzi (dual vocative)
sluzi (plural vocative)
*sľuzь (alternative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: слуз (sluz), слюз (sljuz)

Macedonian: слуз (sluz)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: слу̑з

Latin script: slȗz

Slovene: slȗz

Continues forms of the root Proto-Indo-European *(s)lew- (“to sludge, to wash”). Akin to English slush.

der

(in mobile state)


sluzь

sluzь (nominative singular)
sluza (dual nominative)
sluzi (nominative plural)
sluza (genitive singular)
sluzu (dual genitive)
sluzь (genitive plural)
sluzu (dative singular)
sluzema (dative dual)
sluzemъ (dative plural)
sluzь (accusative singular)
sluza (accusative dual)
sluzę̇ (accusative plural)
sluzьmь (instrumental singular)
sluzemь (instrumental singular)
sluzema (dual instrumental)
sluzi (instrumental plural)
sluzi (locative singular)
sluzu (dual locative)
sluzixъ (locative plural)
sluzu (singular vocative)
sluza (dual vocative)
sluzi (plural vocative)
*sľuzь (alternative)

East Slavic:

Russian: слуз (sluz) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: слоузъ (sluzŭ)

West Slavic:

Polish: śluz

From an earlier sluzъ, of the same origin as the i-stem. In Polish, this form has merged with the i-stem.


čьmeľь

čьmèľь (canonical masculine)
čьmèľь (nominative singular)
čьmeľà (dual nominative)
čьmeľì (nominative plural)
čьmeľà (genitive singular)
čьmeľù (dual genitive)
čьmèľь (genitive plural)
čьmeľù (dative singular)
čьmeľèma (dative dual)
čьmèľemъ (dative plural)
čьmèľь (accusative singular)
čьmeľà (accusative dual)
čьmeľę̇̀ (accusative plural)
čьmeľь̀mь (instrumental singular)
čьmeľèmь (instrumental singular)
čьmeľèma (dual instrumental)
čьmèľi (instrumental plural)
čьmeľì (locative singular)
čьmeľù (dual locative)
čьmèľixъ (locative plural)
čьmeľu (singular vocative)
čьmeľà (dual vocative)
čьmeľì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: чмель (čmjelʹ)

Middle Russian: шмель (šmelʹ) (17ᵗʰ c.)

Russian: шмель (šmelʹ)

desc

Ukrainian: чміль (čmilʹ), джміль (džmilʹ)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: чмѐла

Latin script: čmèla

Slovene: čmŕlj (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: čmel, čmelák

Kashubian: brzmiôl, brzmiél, grzmiôl, grzmiél

Polabian: stamil

Old Polish: czmiel

Polish: trzmiel

Slovak: čmeľ

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: tśmjel

Upper Sorbian: čmjeła

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kimelаs, from Proto-Indo-European *km̥H-el-i-, probably onomatopoeic from a root *kemH- (“to hum”) + *-eľь.
Cognate with Lithuanian kamanė (“bumblebee”), Latvian kamene (“bumblebee”), Old Prussian camus (“bumblebee”), Proto-Germanic *humelaz (“bumblebee”).


zvonъ

zvȍnъ (canonical masculine)
zvȍnъ (nominative singular)
zvȍna (dual nominative)
zvȍni (nominative plural)
zvȍna (genitive singular)
zvonù (dual genitive)
zvònъ (genitive plural)
zvȍnu (dative singular)
zvonomà (dative dual)
zvonòmъ (dative plural)
zvȍnъ (accusative singular)
zvȍna (accusative dual)
zvȍny (accusative plural)
zvȍnъmь (instrumental singular)
zvȍnomь (instrumental singular)
zvonomà (dual instrumental)
zvoný (instrumental plural)
zvȍně (locative singular)
zvonù (dual locative)
zvoně̃xъ (locative plural)
zvone (singular vocative)
zvȍna (dual vocative)
zvȍni (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: звонъ (zvonŭ)

Old Ruthenian: звонъ (zvon)

Belarusian: звон (zvon)

Carpathian Rusyn: звӱн (zvün)

Ukrainian: дзвін (dzvin), звін (zvin)

Russian: звон (zvon)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: звонъ (zvonŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰸⰲⱁⱀⱏ (zvonŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: зво̏н

Latin script: zvȍn

Slovene: zvọ̑n (tonal orthography)

Rovte dialect (Črni vrh, Idrija): zγȗən

West Slavic:

Old Czech: zvon

Czech: zvon

desctree

Old Polish: zwon
Polish: dzwon, zwón (Central Greater Poland)
Silesian: zwōn, zwůn (Steuer's Silesian Alphabet)

Old Slovak: dzvon, zvon

Pannonian Rusyn: дзвон (dzvon)

Slovak: zvon

Polabian: zvån

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: zwón

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: zwón

Lower Sorbian: zwón

Non-Slavic:

→ Lithuanian: zvãnas

→ Latvian: zvans

Pokorny reconstructs the root as Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰwon- (whence Albanian zë), however Derksen holds that the root *swenh₂- (whence Latin sonus) must be considered a serious alternative.


svarъ

svãrъ (canonical masculine)
svãrъ (nominative singular)
svārà (dual nominative)
svārì (nominative plural)
svārà (genitive singular)
svārù (dual genitive)
svãrъ (genitive plural)
svārù (dative singular)
svāròma (dative dual)
svāròmъ (dative plural)
svãrъ (accusative singular)
svārà (accusative dual)
svārỳ (accusative plural)
svārъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
svāròmь (instrumental singular)
svāròma (dual instrumental)
svãry (instrumental plural)
svārě̀ (locative singular)
svārù (dual locative)
svãrěxъ (locative plural)
svare (singular vocative)
svārà (dual vocative)
svārì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сваръ (svarŭ)

Russian: сва́ра (svára)

Ukrainian: свар (svar)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сваръ (svarŭ)

unspecified script:

Slovene: svȃr (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: svár

Czech: svár

Old Polish: swar

Polish: swar

Old Slovak: svár, svára

Slovak: svár

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: swar

Upper Sorbian: swaŕ

From Proto-Indo-European *swer-. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *swōraz.


sъkati

sъkanьje (noun-from-verb)
sъkati (infinitive)
sъkatъ (supine)
sъkalъ (l-participle)
sъkanъ (participle passive past)
sъkomъ (participle passive present)
sъkavъ (active participle past)
sъky (active participle present)
sъkaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sъka (aorist second-person singular)
sъka (aorist singular third-person)
sъkǫ (first-person present singular)
sъčeši (present second-person singular)
sъčetь (present singular third-person)
sъkaxově (aorist dual first-person)
sъkasta (aorist dual second-person)
sъkaste (aorist dual third-person)
sъčevě (dual first-person present)
sъčeta (dual present second-person)
sъčete (dual present third-person)
sъkaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sъkaste (aorist plural second-person)
sъkašę (aorist plural third-person)
sъčemъ (first-person plural present)
sъčete (plural present second-person)
sъkǫtь (plural present third-person)
sъkaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sъkaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sъkaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sъci (imperative second-person singular)
sъci (imperative singular third-person)
sъkaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sъkaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sъkaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sъcěvě (dual first-person imperative)
sъcěta (dual imperative second-person)
sъkaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sъkaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sъkaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sъcěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
sъcěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: съкати (sŭkati)

Russian: скать (skatʹ)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: skáti

From Proto-Indo-European *suk-é-ti, from *sewk- (“to turn, twist”). Cognate with Lithuanian sùkti (“to twist”), Proto-Germanic *swanhaną (“to swing”) (whence English sway, Dutch zwaaien (“to sway, wave”)). See *sukati for more.


sukati

sukàti (canonical)
sukanьje (noun-from-verb)
sukati (infinitive)
sukatъ (supine)
sukalъ (l-participle)
sukanъ (participle passive past)
sukajemъ (participle passive present)
sukavъ (active participle past)
sukaję (active participle present)
sukaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
suka (aorist second-person singular)
suka (aorist singular third-person)
sukajǫ (first-person present singular)
sukaješi (present second-person singular)
sukajetь (present singular third-person)
sukaxově (aorist dual first-person)
sukasta (aorist dual second-person)
sukaste (aorist dual third-person)
sukajevě (dual first-person present)
sukajeta (dual present second-person)
sukajete (dual present third-person)
sukaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sukaste (aorist plural second-person)
sukašę (aorist plural third-person)
sukajemъ (first-person plural present)
sukajete (plural present second-person)
sukajǫtь (plural present third-person)
sukaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sukaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sukaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sukaji (imperative second-person singular)
sukaji (imperative singular third-person)
sukaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sukaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sukaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sukajivě (dual first-person imperative)
sukajita (dual imperative second-person)
sukaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sukaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sukaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sukajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sukajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

Russian: сука́ть (sukátʹ)

Ukrainian: сука́ти (sukáty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: су́ча (súča), су́кам (súkam) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: су́кати

Latin script: súkati

Slovene: súkati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: súkati

Czech: soukat

Old Polish: sukać

Slovak: súkať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: sukaś

Upper Sorbian: sukać

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sewk- (“to turn, spin”), (whence also Lithuanian sùkti (“to turn”)), probably from a Proto-Indo-European *sewk- (“to bend, turn”), which Snoj further considers an extension of *sewh₁- (“to press forth”). See also perhaps Old Armenian հիւսեմ (hiwsem, “to plait, weave”), Latin sucula (“winch”).


skokъ

skòkъ (canonical masculine)
skòkъ (nominative singular)
skokà (dual nominative)
skocì (nominative plural)
skokà (genitive singular)
skokù (dual genitive)
skòkъ (genitive plural)
skokù (dative singular)
skokòma (dative dual)
skokòmъ (dative plural)
skòkъ (accusative singular)
skokà (accusative dual)
skokỳ (accusative plural)
skokъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
skokòmь (instrumental singular)
skokòma (dual instrumental)
skòky (instrumental plural)
skocě̀ (locative singular)
skokù (dual locative)
skòcěxъ (locative plural)
skoče (singular vocative)
skokà (dual vocative)
skocì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: скокъ (skokŭ)

Russian: скок (skok)

Ukrainian: скік (skik)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: скок (skok)

Macedonian: скок (skok)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ско̑к

Latin script: skȏk

Slovene: skȍk (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: skok

Czech: skok

Polabian: skük

Polish: skok

Slovak: skok

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: skok

Upper Sorbian: skok

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *skakas, from Proto-Indo-European *skok-ó-s (“shock, leap”), from *skek- (“to leap”). Akin to English shake and German schicken.


žarъ

žãrъ (canonical)
žȃrъ (canonical masculine)
žãrъ (nominative singular)
žārà (dual nominative)
žārì (nominative plural)
žārà (genitive singular)
žārù (dual genitive)
žãrъ (genitive plural)
žārù (dative singular)
žāròma (dative dual)
žāròmъ (dative plural)
žãrъ (accusative singular)
žārà (accusative dual)
žārỳ (accusative plural)
žārъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
žāròmь (instrumental singular)
žāròma (dual instrumental)
žãry (instrumental plural)
žārě̀ (locative singular)
žārù (dual locative)
žãrěxъ (locative plural)
žare (singular vocative)
žārà (dual vocative)
žārì (plural vocative)
žȃrъ (nominative singular)
žȃra (dual nominative)
žȃri (nominative plural)
žȃra (genitive singular)
žarù (dual genitive)
žãrъ (genitive plural)
žȃru (dative singular)
žaromà (dative dual)
žaròmъ (dative plural)
žȃrъ (accusative singular)
žȃra (accusative dual)
žȃry (accusative plural)
žȃrъmь (instrumental singular)
žȃromь (instrumental singular)
žaromà (dual instrumental)
žarý (instrumental plural)
žȃrě (locative singular)
žarù (dual locative)
žarě̃xъ (locative plural)
žare (singular vocative)
žȃra (dual vocative)
žȃri (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: жаръ (žarŭ)

Old Ruthenian: жаръ (žar)

Belarusian: жар (žar)

Ukrainian: жар (žar)

desctree

Russian: жар (žar)
→ Ingrian: žaaru
→ Kildin Sami: жоарр (žårr)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: жар (žar)

Macedonian: жар (žar)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жа̑р

Latin script: žȃr

Slovene: žȃr (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: žár

Old Polish: żar

Polish: żar

Slovak: žiar

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: žar

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: zsarátnok

→ Romanian: jar

From an earlier *žěrъ < *gērъ, likely a re-analyzed form of the s-stem Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰéros (“heat”). Akin to Old Armenian ջեր (ǰer), Ancient Greek θέρος (théros), Vedic Sanskrit हरस् (háras).


grěnь

grě̑nь (canonical feminine)
grě̑nь (nominative singular)
grě̑ni (dual nominative)
grě̑ni (nominative plural)
grění (genitive singular)
grěnьjù (dual genitive)
grěnь̀jь (genitive plural)
grě̑ni (dative singular)
grěnьmà (dative dual)
grě̑nьmъ (dative plural)
grě̑nь (accusative singular)
grě̑ni (accusative dual)
grě̑ni (accusative plural)
grěnьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
grěnьmà (dual instrumental)
grěnьmì (instrumental plural)
grění (locative singular)
grěnьjù (dual locative)
grě̑nьxъ (locative plural)
grěni (singular vocative)
grě̑ni (dual vocative)
grě̑ni (plural vocative)
*granь (alternative)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: грянь (hrjanʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: гран (gran, “rot”) (dialectal)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: grẹ̑n, grének (tonal orthography)

From *grěti (“to heat”) + *-nь. Possibly akin to Latin rēn (“kidney”), Ancient Greek φρήν (phrḗn, “midriff, heart, seat of emotions”).


grakati

gràkati (canonical)
grakanьje (noun-from-verb)
grakati (infinitive)
grakatъ (supine)
grakalъ (l-participle)
grakanъ (participle passive past)
grakajemъ (participle passive present)
grakavъ (active participle past)
grakaję (active participle present)
grakaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
graka (aorist second-person singular)
graka (aorist singular third-person)
grakajǫ (first-person present singular)
grakaješi (present second-person singular)
grakajetь (present singular third-person)
grakaxově (aorist dual first-person)
grakasta (aorist dual second-person)
grakaste (aorist dual third-person)
grakajevě (dual first-person present)
grakajeta (dual present second-person)
grakajete (dual present third-person)
grakaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
grakaste (aorist plural second-person)
grakašę (aorist plural third-person)
grakajemъ (first-person plural present)
grakajete (plural present second-person)
grakajǫtь (plural present third-person)
grakaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
grakaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
grakaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
grakaji (imperative second-person singular)
grakaji (imperative singular third-person)
grakaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
grakaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
grakaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
grakajivě (dual first-person imperative)
grakajita (dual imperative second-person)
grakaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
grakaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
grakaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
grakajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
grakajite (imperative plural second-person)
kràkati (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гракати (grakati)

Russian: гра́кать (grákatʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Church Slavonic (Russian recension): гракати (grakati)

Bulgarian: гра́кам (grákam)

Macedonian: грака (graka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гра́кати

Latin script: grákati

Slovene: grȃkati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Polish: grakać (dialectal)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: grakaś

From Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to make a sound, cry hoarsely”), ultimately of onomatopoeic origin. Compare Latin grāculus (“jackdaw”), English croak.

onomatopoeic

onomatopoeic


grakъ

grakъ (nominative singular)
graka (dual nominative)
graci (nominative plural)
graka (genitive singular)
graku (dual genitive)
grakъ (genitive plural)
graku (dative singular)
grakoma (dative dual)
grakomъ (dative plural)
grakъ (accusative singular)
graka (accusative dual)
graky (accusative plural)
grakъmь (instrumental singular)
grakomь (instrumental singular)
grakoma (dual instrumental)
graky (instrumental plural)
gracě (locative singular)
graku (dual locative)
gracěxъ (locative plural)
grače (singular vocative)
graka (dual vocative)
graci (plural vocative)
*graka (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

Belarusian: грак (hrak)

Ukrainian: грак (hrak)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: грак (grak), гра́ка (gráka) (dialectal)

Macedonian: грак (grak)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гра̑к, гра̏ка

Latin script: grȃk, grȁka

Slovene: gráka (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Polish: grak (dialectal)

From *grati (“to play music”) + *-kъ, onomatopoeic in nature. Probably related to Proto-Indo-European *greh₂- (“to cry”).

onomatopoeic


naskakati

naskakanьje (noun-from-verb)
naskakati (infinitive)
naskakatъ (supine)
naskakalъ (l-participle)
naskakanъ (participle passive past)
naskakajemъ (participle passive present)
naskakavъ (active participle past)
naskakaję (active participle present)
naskakaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
naskaka (aorist second-person singular)
naskaka (aorist singular third-person)
naskakajǫ (first-person present singular)
naskakaješi (present second-person singular)
naskakajetь (present singular third-person)
naskakaxově (aorist dual first-person)
naskakasta (aorist dual second-person)
naskakaste (aorist dual third-person)
naskakajevě (dual first-person present)
naskakajeta (dual present second-person)
naskakajete (dual present third-person)
naskakaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
naskakaste (aorist plural second-person)
naskakašę (aorist plural third-person)
naskakajemъ (first-person plural present)
naskakajete (plural present second-person)
naskakajǫtь (plural present third-person)
naskakaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
naskakaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
naskakaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
naskakaji (imperative second-person singular)
naskakaji (imperative singular third-person)
naskakaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
naskakaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
naskakaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
naskakajivě (dual first-person imperative)
naskakajita (dual imperative second-person)
naskakaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
naskakaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
naskakaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
naskakajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
naskakajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: наскакати (naskakati)

Belarusian: наскака́цца (naskakácca)

Russian: наскака́ть (naskakátʹ)

Ukrainian: наскака́ти (naskakáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

desc

Old Cyrillic script: наскакати (naskakati)

Glagolitic script: ⱀⰰⱄⰽⰰⰽⰰⱅⰹ (naskakati)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: наскака́ти

Latin script: naskákati

Slovene: snaskȃkati

West Slavic:

Czech: naskákati

Polish: naskakać

Slovak: naskákať

Slovincian: naskakac


otъskakati

otъskakanьje (noun-from-verb)
otъskakati (infinitive)
otъskakatъ (supine)
otъskakalъ (l-participle)
otъskakanъ (participle passive past)
otъskakajemъ (participle passive present)
otъskakavъ (active participle past)
otъskakaję (active participle present)
otъskakaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
otъskaka (aorist second-person singular)
otъskaka (aorist singular third-person)
otъskakajǫ (first-person present singular)
otъskakaješi (present second-person singular)
otъskakajetь (present singular third-person)
otъskakaxově (aorist dual first-person)
otъskakasta (aorist dual second-person)
otъskakaste (aorist dual third-person)
otъskakajevě (dual first-person present)
otъskakajeta (dual present second-person)
otъskakajete (dual present third-person)
otъskakaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
otъskakaste (aorist plural second-person)
otъskakašę (aorist plural third-person)
otъskakajemъ (first-person plural present)
otъskakajete (plural present second-person)
otъskakajǫtь (plural present third-person)
otъskakaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
otъskakaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
otъskakaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
otъskakaji (imperative second-person singular)
otъskakaji (imperative singular third-person)
otъskakaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
otъskakaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
otъskakaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
otъskakajivě (dual first-person imperative)
otъskakajita (dual imperative second-person)
otъskakaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
otъskakaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
otъskakaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
otъskakajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
otъskakajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: отъскакати (otŭskakati)

Belarusian: адскака́ць (adskakácʹ)

Russian: отскака́ть (otskakátʹ)

Ukrainian: відскака́ти (vidskakáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: отъскакати (otŭskakati)

Glagolitic script: ⱁⱅⱏⱄⰽⰰⰽⰰⱅⰹ (otŭskakati)

Bulgarian: отска́чам (otskáčam)

Macedonian: отскака (otskaka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: одска́кати

Latin script: odskákati

Slovene: odskakati

West Slavic:

Old Czech: otskákati

Czech: odskákati

Polish: odskakać

Slovak: odsákať

Slovincian: wôtskakac

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wotskakać


běliti

běľenьje (noun-from-verb)
běliti (infinitive)
bělitъ (supine)
bělilъ (l-participle)
běľenъ (participle passive past)
bělimъ (participle passive present)
běľь (active participle past)
bělę (active participle present)
bělixъ (aorist first-person singular)
běli (aorist second-person singular)
běli (aorist singular third-person)
běľǫ (first-person present singular)
běliši (present second-person singular)
bělitь (present singular third-person)
bělixově (aorist dual first-person)
bělista (aorist dual second-person)
běliste (aorist dual third-person)
bělivě (dual first-person present)
bělita (dual present second-person)
bělite (dual present third-person)
bělixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
běliste (aorist plural second-person)
bělišę (aorist plural third-person)
bělimъ (first-person plural present)
bělite (plural present second-person)
bělętь (plural present third-person)
běľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
běľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
běľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
běli (imperative second-person singular)
běli (imperative singular third-person)
běľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
běľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
běľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bělivě (dual first-person imperative)
bělita (dual imperative second-person)
běľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
běľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
běľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bělimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bělite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: бѣлити (běliti)

Belarusian: бялі́ць (bjalícʹ)

Russian: бели́ть (belítʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: билїц (byljic)

Middle Ukrainian: бѣлити (bilyty)

Ukrainian: біли́ти (bilýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: бѣлити (běliti)

Glagolitic script: ⰱⱑⰾⰹⱅⰹ (běliti)

Bulgarian: бе́ля (bélja)

Macedonian: бели (beli)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бе́лити

Latin script: béliti

Slovene: béliti

West Slavic:

Czech: bělit

Polabian: belĕt

Polish: bielić

Slovak: bieliť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: běliś

Upper Sorbian: bělić


blǫdьnъ

blǫdьnъ (masculine nominative singular)
blǫdьna (feminine nominative singular)
blǫdьno (neuter nominative singular)
blǫdьna (genitive masculine singular)
blǫdьny (feminine genitive singular)
blǫdьna (genitive neuter singular)
blǫdьnu (dative masculine singular)
blǫdьně (dative feminine singular)
blǫdьnu (dative neuter singular)
blǫdьnъ (accusative masculine singular)
blǫdьnǫ (accusative feminine singular)
blǫdьno (accusative neuter singular)
blǫdьnomь (instrumental masculine singular)
blǫdьnojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
blǫdьnomь (instrumental neuter singular)
blǫdьně (locative masculine singular)
blǫdьně (feminine locative singular)
blǫdьně (locative neuter singular)
blǫdьne (masculine singular vocative)
blǫdьno (feminine singular vocative)
blǫdьno (neuter singular vocative)
blǫdьna (dual masculine nominative)
blǫdьně (dual feminine nominative)
blǫdьně (dual neuter nominative)
blǫdьnu (dual genitive masculine)
blǫdьnu (dual feminine genitive)
blǫdьnu (dual genitive neuter)
blǫdьnoma (dative dual masculine)
blǫdьnama (dative dual feminine)
blǫdьnoma (dative dual neuter)
blǫdьna (accusative dual masculine)
blǫdьně (accusative dual feminine)
blǫdьně (accusative dual neuter)
blǫdьnoma (dual instrumental masculine)
blǫdьnama (dual feminine instrumental)
blǫdьnoma (dual instrumental neuter)
blǫdьnu (dual locative masculine)
blǫdьnu (dual feminine locative)
blǫdьnu (dual locative neuter)
blǫdьna (dual masculine vocative)
blǫdьně (dual feminine vocative)
blǫdьně (dual neuter vocative)
blǫdьni (masculine nominative plural)
blǫdьny (feminine nominative plural)
blǫdьna (neuter nominative plural)
blǫdьnъ (genitive masculine plural)
blǫdьnъ (feminine genitive plural)
blǫdьnъ (genitive neuter plural)
blǫdьnomъ (dative masculine plural)
blǫdьnamъ (dative feminine plural)
blǫdьnomъ (dative neuter plural)
blǫdьny (accusative masculine plural)
blǫdьny (accusative feminine plural)
blǫdьna (accusative neuter plural)
blǫdьny (instrumental masculine plural)
blǫdьnami (feminine instrumental plural)
blǫdьny (instrumental neuter plural)
blǫdьněxъ (locative masculine plural)
blǫdьnaxъ (feminine locative plural)
blǫdьněxъ (locative neuter plural)
blǫdьni (masculine plural vocative)
blǫdьny (feminine plural vocative)
blǫdьna (neuter plural vocative)
blǫdьnъjь (masculine nominative singular)
blǫdьnaja (feminine nominative singular)
blǫdьnoje (neuter nominative singular)
blǫdьnajego (genitive masculine singular)
blǫdьnyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
blǫdьnajego (genitive neuter singular)
blǫdьnujemu (dative masculine singular)
blǫdьněji (dative feminine singular)
blǫdьnujemu (dative neuter singular)
blǫdьnъjь (accusative masculine singular)
blǫdьnǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
blǫdьnoje (accusative neuter singular)
blǫdьnyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
blǫdьnǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
blǫdьnyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
blǫdьnějemь (locative masculine singular)
blǫdьněji (feminine locative singular)
blǫdьnějemь (locative neuter singular)
blǫdьnъjь (masculine singular vocative)
blǫdьnaja (feminine singular vocative)
blǫdьnoje (neuter singular vocative)
blǫdьnaja (dual masculine nominative)
blǫdьněji (dual feminine nominative)
blǫdьněji (dual neuter nominative)
blǫdьnuju (dual genitive masculine)
blǫdьnuju (dual feminine genitive)
blǫdьnuju (dual genitive neuter)
blǫdьnyjima (dative dual masculine)
blǫdьnyjima (dative dual feminine)
blǫdьnyjima (dative dual neuter)
blǫdьnaja (accusative dual masculine)
blǫdьněji (accusative dual feminine)
blǫdьněji (accusative dual neuter)
blǫdьnyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
blǫdьnyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
blǫdьnyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
blǫdьnuju (dual locative masculine)
blǫdьnuju (dual feminine locative)
blǫdьnuju (dual locative neuter)
blǫdьnaja (dual masculine vocative)
blǫdьněji (dual feminine vocative)
blǫdьněji (dual neuter vocative)
blǫdьniji (masculine nominative plural)
blǫdьnyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
blǫdьnaja (neuter nominative plural)
blǫdьnъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
blǫdьnъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
blǫdьnъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
blǫdьnyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
blǫdьnyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
blǫdьnyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
blǫdьnyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
blǫdьnyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
blǫdьnaja (accusative neuter plural)
blǫdьnyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
blǫdьnyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
blǫdьnyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
blǫdьnyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
blǫdьnyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
blǫdьnyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
blǫdьniji (masculine plural vocative)
blǫdьnyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
blǫdьnaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: блѫдьнъ (blǫdĭnŭ), блудьнъ (bludĭnŭ)

Old Ruthenian: блудный (bludnyj)

Belarusian: блу́дны (blúdny)

Ukrainian: блу́дний (blúdnyj)

Russian: блу́дный (blúdnyj)

→ Finnish: lutka

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: блѫдьнъ (blǫdĭnŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰱⰾⱘⰴⱐⱀⱏ (blǫdĭnŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: блу̑дан

Latin script: blȗdan

Slovene: blóden

West Slavic:

Czech: bludný

desctree

Old Polish: błędny
Polish: błędny
Silesian: błyndny

Old Slovak: bludný

Pannonian Rusyn: блудни (bludni)

Slovak: bludný

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: błãdny

Slovincian: blõdny

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: błudny

Upper Sorbian: błudny

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰlendʰ-
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Balto-Slavic *blandás
Proto-Slavic *blǫdъ
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Proto-Slavic *-ьnъ
Proto-Slavic *blǫdьnъ
From *blǫdъ (“delusion”) + *-ьnъ.


želsti

želdenьje (noun-from-verb)
želsti (infinitive)
želstъ (supine)
želdlъ (l-participle)
želdenъ (participle passive past)
želdomъ (participle passive present)
želdъ (active participle past)
želdy (active participle present)
želdъ (aorist first-person singular)
želdoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
želde (aorist second-person singular)
želde (aorist singular third-person)
želdǫ (first-person present singular)
želdeši (present second-person singular)
želdetь (present singular third-person)
želdově (aorist dual first-person)
želdoxově (aorist dual first-person)
želdeta (aorist dual second-person)
želdosta (aorist dual second-person)
želdete (aorist dual third-person)
želdoste (aorist dual third-person)
želdevě (dual first-person present)
želdeta (dual present second-person)
želdete (dual present third-person)
želdomъ (aorist first-person plural)
želdoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
želdete (aorist plural second-person)
želdoste (aorist plural second-person)
želdǫ (aorist plural third-person)
želdošę (aorist plural third-person)
želdemъ (first-person plural present)
želdete (plural present second-person)
želdǫtь (plural present third-person)
želděaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
želděaše (imperfect second-person singular)
želděaše (imperfect singular third-person)
želdi (imperative second-person singular)
želdi (imperative singular third-person)
želděaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
želděašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
želděašete (dual imperfect third-person)
želděvě (dual first-person imperative)
želděta (dual imperative second-person)
želděaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
želděašete (imperfect plural second-person)
želděaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
želděmъ (first-person imperative plural)
želděte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: желести (želesti)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: жлѣсти (žlěsti), жласти (žlasti)

Bulgarian: жла́дя (žládja, “to deprive”) (archaic)

Akin to or possibly borrowed from Proto-Germanic *geldaną (“to yield, to pay”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeldʰ-.