bojati

bojàti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
bojanьje? (noun-from-verb)
bojati (infinitive)
bojatъ (supine)
bojalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
bojavъ (active participle past)
boję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
bojaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
boja (aorist second-person singular)
boja (aorist singular third-person)
bojǫ (first-person present singular)
bojiši (present second-person singular)
bojitь (present singular third-person)
bojaxově (aorist dual first-person)
bojasta (aorist dual second-person)
bojaste (aorist dual third-person)
bojivě (dual first-person present)
bojita (dual present second-person)
bojite (dual present third-person)
bojaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bojaste (aorist plural second-person)
bojašę (aorist plural third-person)
bojimъ (first-person plural present)
bojite (plural present second-person)
bojętь (plural present third-person)
bojaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bojaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bojaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
boji (imperative second-person singular)
boji (imperative singular third-person)
bojaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bojaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bojaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bojivě (dual first-person imperative)
bojita (dual imperative second-person)
bojaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bojaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bojaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bojimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bojite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: бая́цца (bajácca)

Russian: боя́ться (bojátʹsja), 1sg. бою́сь (bojúsʹ), 3sg. бои́тся (boítsja)

Ukrainian: боя́тися (bojátysja)

Old Novgorodian: боꙗтисѧ (bojatisę)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: боꙗти (bojati)

Glagolitic: ⰱⱁⱑⱅⰻ (boěti)

Bulgarian: боя̀ сѐ (bojà sè)

Macedonian: бои (boi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бо̀јати

Latin script: bòjati

Slovene: báti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: báti
Czech: bát

Old Polish: bać, bojeć
Polish: bać, boić (Chełmno-Dobrzyń)
Silesian: bŏć

Polabian: bet

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: bòjec

Slovincian: bôjec

Old Slovak: báť

Pannonian Rusyn: бац (bac)

Slovak: báť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: bojeć

Lower Sorbian: bójaś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *bajā́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰoyh₂-eh₂-ti, from *bʰeyh₂- (“to fear”). Cognate with Lithuanian bijóti, bijótis (“to be afraid”), Latvian bijât, bijâtiês (“to be afraid”), bîtiês (“to be afraid”), Old Prussian biātwei (“to be afraid”), Lithuanian bajùs (“fearful”), báimė, báilė (“fear”), Sanskrit भयते (bháyate), बिभेति (bibhéti, “to fear, to be afraid”), भीत (bhītá, “afraid”), भीति (bhīti, “fear”), Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬧𐬙𐬉 (baiieṇtē, “(they) are afraid”), Old Irish báigul (“danger”).


boriti

borìti (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
bořenьje (noun-from-verb)
boriti (infinitive)
boritъ (supine)
borilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
bořenъ (participle passive past)
borimъ (participle passive present)
bořь (active participle past)
borę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
borixъ (aorist first-person singular)
bori (aorist second-person singular)
bori (aorist singular third-person)
bořǫ (first-person present singular)
boriši (present second-person singular)
boritь (present singular third-person)
borixově (aorist dual first-person)
borista (aorist dual second-person)
boriste (aorist dual third-person)
borivě (dual first-person present)
borita (dual present second-person)
borite (dual present third-person)
borixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
boriste (aorist plural second-person)
borišę (aorist plural third-person)
borimъ (first-person plural present)
borite (plural present second-person)
borętь (plural present third-person)
bořaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bořaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bořaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bori (imperative second-person singular)
bori (imperative singular third-person)
bořaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bořaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bořaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
borivě (dual first-person imperative)
borita (dual imperative second-person)
bořaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bořaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bořaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
borimъ (first-person imperative plural)
borite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: бори́ться (borítʹsja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: борити (boriti)

desc

Bulgarian: бо́ря (bórja), боричкам (boričkam, “to battle”)

Macedonian: бори (bori)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бо̀рити

Latin script: bòriti

Slovene: borīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: bořit

Polabian: börĕt (“bark”)

Old Polish: borzyć

Polish: burzyć (partially)

Silesian: burzić (partially)

Slovak: boriť

Intensive counter-part of *borti (“to fight”) + *-iti. Akin to Latin feriō, Proto-Germanic *barjaną.


ležati

ležàti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
ležanьje (noun-from-verb)
ležati (infinitive)
ležatъ (supine)
ležalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
ležanъ (participle passive past)
ležimъ (participle passive present)
ležavъ (active participle past)
ležę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
ležaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
leža (aorist second-person singular)
leža (aorist singular third-person)
ležǫ (first-person present singular)
ležiši (present second-person singular)
ležitь (present singular third-person)
ležaxově (aorist dual first-person)
ležasta (aorist dual second-person)
ležaste (aorist dual third-person)
leživě (dual first-person present)
ležita (dual present second-person)
ležite (dual present third-person)
ležaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
ležaste (aorist plural second-person)
ležašę (aorist plural third-person)
ležimъ (first-person plural present)
ležite (plural present second-person)
ležętь (plural present third-person)
ležaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
ležaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
ležaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
leži (imperative second-person singular)
leži (imperative singular third-person)
ležaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
ležaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
ležaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
leživě (dual first-person imperative)
ležita (dual imperative second-person)
ležaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
ležaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
ležaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
ležimъ (first-person imperative plural)
ležite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: лежа́ти (ležáti)

Belarusian: ляжа́ць (ljažácʹ)

Russian: лежа́ть (ležátʹ)

Ukrainian: лежа́ти (ležáty)

Old Novgorodian: лежа́ти (ležáti)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: лежати (ležati)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: лежа́ (ležá)

Macedonian: лежи (leži)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: лѐжати

Latin script: lèžati

Slovene: ležáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: ležěti
Czech: ležet

desctree

Old Polish: leżeć
Polish: leżeć
Silesian: leżeć

Polabian: lizĕ (3rd sg.)

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: leżec

Slovincian: lêżec

Slovak: ležať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: ležeć

Lower Sorbian: lažaš

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *legḗˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ-éh₁-ti, from *legʰ- (“to lie”). Morphologically *leg- + *-ěti (stative suffix).


loza

lozà (canonical feminine)
lozà (nominative singular)
lȍzě (dual nominative)
lȍzy (nominative plural)
lozý (genitive singular)
lozù (dual genitive)
lòzъ (genitive plural)
lozě̀ (dative singular)
lozàma (dative dual)
lozàmъ (dative plural)
lȍzǫ (accusative singular)
lȍzě (accusative dual)
lȍzy (accusative plural)
lozojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
lozàma (dual instrumental)
lozàmi (instrumental plural)
lȍzě (locative singular)
lozù (dual locative)
lozàsъ (locative plural)
lozàxъ (locative plural)
lozo (singular vocative)
lȍzě (dual vocative)
lȍzy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: лоза (loza)

Belarusian: лаза́ (lazá)

Russian: лоза́ (lozá)

Ukrainian: лоза́ (lozá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: лоза (loza)

Glagolitic: ⰾⱁⰸⰰ (loza)

Bulgarian: лоза́ (lozá)

Macedonian: ло́за (lóza)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ло̀за

Latin script: lòza

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: lóza, lọ́za (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: loza

Czech:

Moravian (Mistřice): u̯oza

Polish: łoza

Slovak: loza

From *lozda (< *loĝ-zdā), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁loǵ-eh₂, which originally probably just meant branch or log. Cognate with *lěska (“hazel”), Lithuanian lazdà (“staff”) and Latvian lagzda (“hazel”). Further cognates include Ancient Greek ὀλόγινον (ológinon, “vine”) and Hittite [script needed] (alk-, “branch”).


šiti

šìti (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
šitьje (noun-from-verb)
šiti (infinitive)
šitъ (supine)
šilъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
šitъ (participle passive past)
šijemъ (participle passive present)
šivъ (active participle past)
šiję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
šixъ (aorist first-person singular)
ši (aorist second-person singular)
ši (aorist singular third-person)
šijǫ (first-person present singular)
šiješi (present second-person singular)
šijetь (present singular third-person)
šixově (aorist dual first-person)
šista (aorist dual second-person)
šiste (aorist dual third-person)
šijevě (dual first-person present)
šijeta (dual present second-person)
šijete (dual present third-person)
šixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
šiste (aorist plural second-person)
šišę (aorist plural third-person)
šijemъ (first-person plural present)
šijete (plural present second-person)
šijǫtь (plural present third-person)
šijaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
šijaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
šijaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
šiji (imperative second-person singular)
šiji (imperative singular third-person)
šijaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
šijaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
šijaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
šijivě (dual first-person imperative)
šijita (dual imperative second-person)
šijaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
šijaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
šijaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
šijimъ (first-person imperative plural)
šijite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ши́ти (šíti)

Belarusian: шыць (šycʹ)

Russian: шить (šitʹ)

Ukrainian: ши́ти (šýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: шити (šiti)

Bulgarian: ши́я (šíja)

Macedonian: ши́е (šíe)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ши̏ти

Latin script: šȉti

Slovene: šíti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: šíti

Czech: šít

Kashubian: szëc

Polabian: sait

Polish: szyć

Slovak: šiť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: šyś

Upper Sorbian: šić

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sjū́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *syewh₁-, an enlargement of *seh₂y- (“to bind, to link”).


brojiti

*brojati (alternative)
brojenьje (noun-from-verb)
brojiti (infinitive)
brojitъ (supine)
brojilъ (l-participle)
brojenъ (participle passive past)
brojimъ (participle passive present)
brojь (active participle past)
broję (active participle present)
brojixъ (aorist first-person singular)
broji (aorist second-person singular)
broji (aorist singular third-person)
brojǫ (first-person present singular)
brojiši (present second-person singular)
brojitь (present singular third-person)
brojixově (aorist dual first-person)
brojista (aorist dual second-person)
brojiste (aorist dual third-person)
brojivě (dual first-person present)
brojita (dual present second-person)
brojite (dual present third-person)
brojixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
brojiste (aorist plural second-person)
brojišę (aorist plural third-person)
brojimъ (first-person plural present)
brojite (plural present second-person)
brojętь (plural present third-person)
brojaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
brojaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
brojaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
broji (imperative second-person singular)
broji (imperative singular third-person)
brojaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
brojaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
brojaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
brojivě (dual first-person imperative)
brojita (dual imperative second-person)
brojaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
brojaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
brojaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
brojimъ (first-person imperative plural)
brojite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: броити (broiti)

Old Ruthenian: бро́ити (bróiti)

Belarusian: бро́іць (bróicʹ) (dialectal)

desc

Ukrainian: бро́їти (brójity), бро́їтися (brójitysja) (dialectal)

Russian: брои́ть (broítʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: броити (broiti)

Glagolitic script: ⰱⱃⱁⰺⱅⰺ (broiti)

Bulgarian: броя́ (brojá)

Macedonian: брои (broi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бро̀јити

Latin script: bròjiti

West Slavic:

Old Czech: brojiti

Czech: brojit

Polish: broić

Slovak: brojiť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: brojś

Upper Sorbian: brojić

South Slavic meaning probably reflects the iterative-causative of *briti (“to cut”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreyH- (“to notch”). Equivalent to *brojь (“count”) + *-iti.
Per Grynčenko (quoted by Trubačev, ESSJa), secondary meaning in West and East Slavic may have been back-formed or at least influenced by unrelated *obrojiti (“to flock, to get into commotion”) < *ob- + *rojiti (“to flow, to traverse”).

der

→ to fool around, to prank

(West, East Slavic) to brawl, to disturb


zasluga

zasluga (nominative singular)
zasludzě (dual nominative)
zaslugy (nominative plural)
zaslugy (genitive singular)
zaslugu (dual genitive)
zaslugъ (genitive plural)
zasludzě (dative singular)
zaslugama (dative dual)
zaslugamъ (dative plural)
zaslugǫ (accusative singular)
zasludzě (accusative dual)
zaslugy (accusative plural)
zaslugojǫ (instrumental singular)
zaslugǫ (instrumental singular)
zaslugama (dual instrumental)
zaslugami (instrumental plural)
zasludzě (locative singular)
zaslugu (dual locative)
zaslugasъ (locative plural)
zaslugaxъ (locative plural)
zaslugo (singular vocative)
zasludzě (dual vocative)
zaslugy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: заслу́га (zaslúha)

Russian: заслу́га (zaslúga)

Ukrainian: заслу́га (zaslúha)

South Slavic

Bulgarian: заслу̀га (zaslùga)

Macedonian: заслуга (zasluga)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: за̑слуга

Latin script: zȃsluga

Slovene: zaslúga (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: zásluha

Czech: zásluha

Old Polish: zasługa

Polish: zasługa

Slovak: zásluha

A deverbal of *zaslužiti, ultimately, derived from *sluga.


juriti

sę (romanization)
juřenьje (noun-from-verb)
juriti (infinitive)
juritъ (supine)
jurilъ (l-participle)
juřenъ (participle passive past)
jurimъ (participle passive present)
juřь (active participle past)
jurę (active participle present)
jurixъ (aorist first-person singular)
juri (aorist second-person singular)
juri (aorist singular third-person)
juřǫ (first-person present singular)
juriši (present second-person singular)
juritь (present singular third-person)
jurixově (aorist dual first-person)
jurista (aorist dual second-person)
juriste (aorist dual third-person)
jurivě (dual first-person present)
jurita (dual present second-person)
jurite (dual present third-person)
jurixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
juriste (aorist plural second-person)
jurišę (aorist plural third-person)
jurimъ (first-person plural present)
jurite (plural present second-person)
jurętь (plural present third-person)
juřaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
juřaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
juřaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
juri (imperative second-person singular)
juri (imperative singular third-person)
juřaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
juřaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
juřaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
jurivě (dual first-person imperative)
jurita (dual imperative second-person)
juřaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
juřaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
juřaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
jurimъ (first-person imperative plural)
jurite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: юры́ць (jurýcʹ)

Russian: юри́ть (jurítʹ) (archaic)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ю́ря (júrja) (dialectal)

Macedonian: јури (juri)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ју́рити

Latin script: júriti

West Slavic:

Czech: juřit (dialectal)

Polish: jurzyć (obsolete)


kukati

kùkati (canonical imperfective)
kuknǫti (perfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
kukanьje (noun-from-verb)
kukati (infinitive)
kukatъ (supine)
kukalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
kukanъ (participle passive past)
kukajemъ (participle passive present)
kukavъ (active participle past)
kukaję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
kukaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kuka (aorist second-person singular)
kuka (aorist singular third-person)
kukajǫ (first-person present singular)
kukaješi (present second-person singular)
kukajetь (present singular third-person)
kukaxově (aorist dual first-person)
kukasta (aorist dual second-person)
kukaste (aorist dual third-person)
kukajevě (dual first-person present)
kukajeta (dual present second-person)
kukajete (dual present third-person)
kukaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kukaste (aorist plural second-person)
kukašę (aorist plural third-person)
kukajemъ (first-person plural present)
kukajete (plural present second-person)
kukajǫtь (plural present third-person)
kukaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kukaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kukaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kukaji (imperative second-person singular)
kukaji (imperative singular third-person)
kukaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kukaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kukaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kukajivě (dual first-person imperative)
kukajita (dual imperative second-person)
kukaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kukaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kukaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kukajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kukajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: ку́кать (kúkatʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ку́кам (kúkam)

Macedonian: кука (kuka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ку̏кати

Latin script: kȕkati

Slovene: kūkati

West Slavic:

Czech: kukati

Polish: kukać

Of onomatopoeic origin, formed from the interjection *ku-ku! (“sound of cuckooing”) + *-kati. Cognate with Lithuanian kukúoti, Latvian kukuôt and akin to Ancient Greek κόκκῡξ (kókkūx), Latin cucūlus, English cuckoo, Sanskrit कोकिल (kokila).

onomatopoeic

onomatopoeic


kukati

kùkati (canonical imperfective)
*kučati (alternative)
a (accent-paradigm)
kukanьje (noun-from-verb)
kukati (infinitive)
kukatъ (supine)
kukalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
kukanъ (participle passive past)
kukavъ (active participle past)
a (accent-paradigm)
kukaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kuka (aorist second-person singular)
kuka (aorist singular third-person)
kukajǫ (first-person present singular)
kukaješi (present second-person singular)
kukajetь (present singular third-person)
kukaxově (aorist dual first-person)
kukasta (aorist dual second-person)
kukaste (aorist dual third-person)
kukajevě (dual first-person present)
kukajeta (dual present second-person)
kukajete (dual present third-person)
kukaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kukaste (aorist plural second-person)
kukašę (aorist plural third-person)
kukajemъ (first-person plural present)
kukajete (plural present second-person)
kukajǫtь (plural present third-person)
kukaji (imperative second-person singular)
kukaji (imperative singular third-person)
kukajivě (dual first-person imperative)
kukajita (dual imperative second-person)
kukajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kukajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ку́чаць (kúčacʹ)

Russian: ку́кать (kúkatʹ, “to pound”) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ку́кам (kúkam)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ку̏кати (“to hammer”) (obsolete)

Latin script: kȕkati (“to hammer”) (obsolete)

desc

Latin script: čučati (“to squat, to crouch”)

Slovene: kúčati

West Slavic:

Czech: kučat (dialectal)

Polish: kucać

Denominal from *kuka (“hook”) + *-ati, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kaukāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *kewk- (“to hook, to elevate”). Akin to Lithuanian kùkti (“to bend forward”), Latvian kukt (“to bow”), German hocken (from an earlier *hukkōną).


dobrota

dobrota (nominative singular)
dobrotě (dual nominative)
dobroty (nominative plural)
dobroty (genitive singular)
dobrotu (dual genitive)
dobrotъ (genitive plural)
dobrotě (dative singular)
dobrotama (dative dual)
dobrotamъ (dative plural)
dobrotǫ (accusative singular)
dobrotě (accusative dual)
dobroty (accusative plural)
dobrotojǫ (instrumental singular)
dobrotǫ (instrumental singular)
dobrotama (dual instrumental)
dobrotami (instrumental plural)
dobrotě (locative singular)
dobrotu (dual locative)
dobrotasъ (locative plural)
dobrotaxъ (locative plural)
dobroto (singular vocative)
dobrotě (dual vocative)
dobroty (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: доброта (dobrota)

Old Ruthenian: доброта́ (dobrotá)

Belarusian: дабрата́ (dabratá)

Ukrainian: доброта́ (dobrotá)

Russian: доброта́ (dobrotá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: доброта (dobrota)

Glagolitic script: ⰴⱁⰱⱃⱁⱅⰰ (dobrota)

Bulgarian: доброта́ (dobrotá)

Macedonian: доброта (dobrota)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: добро̀та

Latin script: dobròta

Slovene: dobrọ̑ta (tonal orthography)

(Črni vrh, Idrija): dḁbrȗətḁ

(Zadrečka dolina): dəb'rọːta

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dobrota

Czech: dobrota

Old Polish: dobrota

Slovincian: dôbrôta

Slovak: dobrota

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: dobrota

Lower Sorbian: dobrota

be:Аркадзь Іосіфавіч Жураўскі
uk:Гринчишин Дмитро Григорович


uzda

ūzdà (canonical feminine)
ūzdà (nominative singular)
ũzdě (dual nominative)
ūzdỳ (nominative plural)
ūzdỳ (genitive singular)
ūzdù (dual genitive)
ũzdъ (genitive plural)
ūzdě̀ (dative singular)
ūzdàma (dative dual)
ūzdàmъ (dative plural)
ūzdǫ̀ (accusative singular)
ũzdě (accusative dual)
ūzdỳ (accusative plural)
ūzdòjǫ (instrumental singular)
ũzdǫ (instrumental singular)
ūzdàma (dual instrumental)
ūzdàmī (instrumental plural)
ūzdě̀ (locative singular)
ūzdù (dual locative)
ūzdàsъ (locative plural)
ūzdàxъ (locative plural)
uzdo (singular vocative)
ũzdě (dual vocative)
ūzdỳ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: узда (uzda)
Old Ruthenian: узда́ (uzdá)
Belarusian: вузда́ (vuzdá)
Carpathian Rusyn: у́зда (úzda)
Ukrainian: вузда́ (vuzdá)
Russian: узда́ (uzdá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: оузда (uzda)

Bulgarian: юзда́ (juzdá)

Macedonian: узда (uzda)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: у́зда

Latin script: úzda

Slovene: úzda (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: ùzda

Old Czech: uzda

Czech: uzda

Polabian: väuzdа

Polish: uzda

Slovak: uzda

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wuzda

Lower Sorbian: wuzda

Most likely from *us- (“mouth”) + *-da (“lacative suffix”).
Compare typologically Latin ōreae, aurea (< Latin ōs).


snaga

snaga (nominative singular)
snadzě (dual nominative)
snagy (nominative plural)
snagy (genitive singular)
snagu (dual genitive)
snagъ (genitive plural)
snadzě (dative singular)
snagama (dative dual)
snagamъ (dative plural)
snagǫ (accusative singular)
snadzě (accusative dual)
snagy (accusative plural)
snagojǫ (instrumental singular)
snagǫ (instrumental singular)
snagama (dual instrumental)
snagami (instrumental plural)
snadzě (locative singular)
snagu (dual locative)
snagasъ (locative plural)
snagaxъ (locative plural)
snago (singular vocative)
snadzě (dual vocative)
snagy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: снага (snaga)

Russian: сна́га (snága)

Ukrainian: сна́га (snáha)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: снага (snaga)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сна́га

Latin script: snága

Slovene: snága (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: snaha

Polish: snaga

Slovak: snaha


lizati

līzàti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
lizanьje (noun-from-verb)
lizati (infinitive)
lizatъ (supine)
lizalъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
lizanъ (participle passive past)
ližemъ (participle passive present)
lizavъ (active participle past)
ližę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
lizaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
liza (aorist second-person singular)
liza (aorist singular third-person)
ližǫ (first-person present singular)
ližeši (present second-person singular)
ližetь (present singular third-person)
lizaxově (aorist dual first-person)
lizasta (aorist dual second-person)
lizaste (aorist dual third-person)
liževě (dual first-person present)
ližeta (dual present second-person)
ližete (dual present third-person)
lizaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
lizaste (aorist plural second-person)
lizašę (aorist plural third-person)
ližemъ (first-person plural present)
ližete (plural present second-person)
ližǫtь (plural present third-person)
lizaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
lizaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
lizaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
liži (imperative second-person singular)
liži (imperative singular third-person)
lizaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
lizaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
lizaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
liživě (dual first-person imperative)
ližita (dual imperative second-person)
lizaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
lizaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
lizaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
ližimъ (first-person imperative plural)
ližite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: лизати (lizati)

Belarusian: ліза́ць (lizácʹ)

Russian: лиза́ть (lizátʹ)

Ukrainian: лиза́ти (lyzáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: лизати (lizati)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: ли́жа (líža)

Macedonian: лиже (liže)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ли́зати

Latin script: lízati

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: lízati, lizáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: lízati

Czech: lízat

Polabian: laiže (3sg)

Old Polish: lizać

Polish: lizać

Slovak: lízať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: lizać

Lower Sorbian: lizaś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *léiźtei, from Proto-Indo-European *léyǵʰti (“to lick”).


priroda

priroda (nominative singular)
prirodě (dual nominative)
prirody (nominative plural)
prirody (genitive singular)
prirodu (dual genitive)
prirodъ (genitive plural)
prirodě (dative singular)
prirodama (dative dual)
prirodamъ (dative plural)
prirodǫ (accusative singular)
prirodě (accusative dual)
prirody (accusative plural)
prirodojǫ (instrumental singular)
prirodǫ (instrumental singular)
prirodama (dual instrumental)
prirodami (instrumental plural)
prirodě (locative singular)
prirodu (dual locative)
prirodasъ (locative plural)
prirodaxъ (locative plural)
prirodo (singular vocative)
prirodě (dual vocative)
prirody (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old Ruthenian: приро́да (priróda)

Belarusian: прыро́да (pryróda)

Ukrainian: приро́да (pryróda)

Russian: приро́да (priróda)

→ Czech: příroda

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: приро́да (priróda)

Macedonian: при́рода (príroda)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: при́рода

Latin script: príroda

Slovene: priróda (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Polish: przyroda

Slovak: príroda

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pśiroda

Upper Sorbian: přiroda


slina

slìna (canonical feminine)
slìna (nominative singular)
slìně (dual nominative)
slìny (nominative plural)
slìny (genitive singular)
slìnu (dual genitive)
slìnъ (genitive plural)
slìně (dative singular)
slìnama (dative dual)
slìnamъ (dative plural)
slìnǫ (accusative singular)
slìně (accusative dual)
slìny (accusative plural)
slìnojǫ (instrumental singular)
slìnǭ (instrumental singular)
slìnama (dual instrumental)
slìnamī (instrumental plural)
slìně (locative singular)
slìnu (dual locative)
slìnasъ (locative plural)
slìnaxъ (locative plural)
slìno (singular vocative)
slìně (dual vocative)
slìny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: слі́на (slína)

Russian: слюна́ (sljuná)

Ukrainian: сли́на (slýna)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: слина (slina)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⰾⰻⱀⰰ (slina)

Bulgarian: слю́нка (sljúnka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сли̏на

Latin script: slȉna

Slovene: slína (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: slina

Czech: slina

Bohemian (Chod dialect): slina

Polabian: slaină

Old Polish: ślina

Polish: ślina

Slovak: slina

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: slina

Lower Sorbian: slina

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sleʔinaʔ, from Proto-Indo-European *sleh₁y-n-eh₂. Cognate with Latvian sliẽnas, Proto-Germanic *slīmą, Albanian llënjëz.


šija

šìja (canonical feminine)
šìja (nominative singular)
šìji (dual nominative)
šìję̇ (nominative plural)
šìję̇ (genitive singular)
šìju (dual genitive)
šìjь (genitive plural)
šìjī (dative singular)
šìjama (dative dual)
šìjāmъ (dative plural)
šìjǫ (accusative singular)
šìji (accusative dual)
šìję̇ (accusative plural)
šìjējǫ (instrumental singular)
šìjǭ (instrumental singular)
šìjama (dual instrumental)
šìjāmī (instrumental plural)
šìjī (locative singular)
šìju (dual locative)
šìjāsъ (locative plural)
šìje (singular vocative)
šìji (dual vocative)
šìję̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: шиꙗ (šija), шьꙗ (šĭja)

Old Ruthenian: шыꙗ (šyja), шиꙗ (šija)

Belarusian: шы́я (šýja)

Ukrainian: ши́я (šýja)

Russian: ше́я (šéja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: шиꙗ (šija)

Glagolitic script: ⱎⰹⱑ (šiě)

Bulgarian: ши́я (šíja)

Macedonian: шија (šija)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ши̏ја

Latin script: šȉja

Slovene: šíja

West Slavic:

Kashubian: szëja

Old Czech: šíjě

Czech: šíje

desctree

Old Polish: szyja
Polish: szyja, syja (“passage in a basement”)
Silesian: szyja

Old Slovak: šija

Pannonian Rusyn: шия (šija)

Slovak: šija

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: šija

Lower Sorbian: šyja

Predominantly viewed as a proto-Slavic innovation from *šiti (“to sew, to stitch”) + *-ja, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *syuh₁-. Originally meaning either:
* per Vasmer, Trubačev: “collar”;
* per Snoj: “link, tie” (that "seams" the head to the torso).
In the past, had been speculated to have relation to Latin sinus.


roditi

rodìti (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
roďenьje (noun-from-verb)
roditi (infinitive)
roditъ (supine)
rodilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
roďenъ (participle passive past)
rodimъ (participle passive present)
roďь (active participle past)
rodę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
rodixъ (aorist first-person singular)
rodi (aorist second-person singular)
rodi (aorist singular third-person)
roďǫ (first-person present singular)
rodiši (present second-person singular)
roditь (present singular third-person)
rodixově (aorist dual first-person)
rodista (aorist dual second-person)
rodiste (aorist dual third-person)
rodivě (dual first-person present)
rodita (dual present second-person)
rodite (dual present third-person)
rodixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
rodiste (aorist plural second-person)
rodišę (aorist plural third-person)
rodimъ (first-person plural present)
rodite (plural present second-person)
rodętь (plural present third-person)
roďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
roďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
roďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
rodi (imperative second-person singular)
rodi (imperative singular third-person)
roďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
roďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
roďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
rodivě (dual first-person imperative)
rodita (dual imperative second-person)
roďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
roďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
roďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
rodimъ (first-person imperative plural)
rodite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: родити (roditi)

Old Ruthenian: родити (roditi)

Belarusian: радзі́ць (radzícʹ)

Ukrainian: роди́ти (rodýty)

Russian: роди́ть (rodítʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⱃⱁⰴⰻⱅⰻ (roditi)

Old Cyrillic script: родити (roditi)

Cyrillic: родити (roditi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ро̀дити

Latin: ròditi

Slovene: rodíti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: roditi

Czech: rodit

Polabian: rüdait

Old Polish: rodzić
Polish: rodzić

Slovak: rodiť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: rodźić

Lower Sorbian: raźiś

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *rádīˀtei. By surface analysis, *rȍdъ + *-iti


roditi

roďenьje (noun-from-verb)
roditi (infinitive)
roditъ (supine)
rodilъ (l-participle)
roďenъ (participle passive past)
rodimъ (participle passive present)
roďь (active participle past)
rodę (active participle present)
rodixъ (aorist first-person singular)
rodi (aorist second-person singular)
rodi (aorist singular third-person)
roďǫ (first-person present singular)
rodiši (present second-person singular)
roditь (present singular third-person)
rodixově (aorist dual first-person)
rodista (aorist dual second-person)
rodiste (aorist dual third-person)
rodivě (dual first-person present)
rodita (dual present second-person)
rodite (dual present third-person)
rodixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
rodiste (aorist plural second-person)
rodišę (aorist plural third-person)
rodimъ (first-person plural present)
rodite (plural present second-person)
rodętь (plural present third-person)
roďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
roďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
roďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
rodi (imperative second-person singular)
rodi (imperative singular third-person)
roďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
roďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
roďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
rodivě (dual first-person imperative)
rodita (dual imperative second-person)
roďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
roďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
roďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
rodimъ (first-person imperative plural)
rodite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: родити (roditi, “to care about”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: неродити (neroditi, “to not care about, to not heed”), 1sg. нерождѫ (neroždǫ)

Bulgarian: родя́ (rodjá, “to care about, to observe”)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: róditi (“to care about, to observe”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. rọ́dim (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desc

Old Czech: neroditi (“to not care about”)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: rodźić (“to want, to strive”), dialectal rodźeć

Lower Sorbian: roźeś (“to want, to strive”)


lastavica

lastavica (nominative singular)
lastavici (dual nominative)
lastavicę̇ (nominative plural)
lastavicę̇ (genitive singular)
lastavicu (dual genitive)
lastavicь (genitive plural)
lastavici (dative singular)
lastavicama (dative dual)
lastavicamъ (dative plural)
lastavicǫ (accusative singular)
lastavici (accusative dual)
lastavicę̇ (accusative plural)
lastavicejǫ (instrumental singular)
lastavicǫ (instrumental singular)
lastavicama (dual instrumental)
lastavicami (instrumental plural)
lastavici (locative singular)
lastavicu (dual locative)
lastavicasъ (locative plural)
lastavicaxъ (locative plural)
lastavice (singular vocative)
lastavici (dual vocative)
lastavicę̇ (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ла́стaвица (lástavica) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ла̏ставица

Latin script: lȁstavica

Slovene: lástavica (tonal orthography)


nositi

nosìti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
nošenьje (noun-from-verb)
nositi (infinitive)
nositъ (supine)
nosilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
nošenъ (participle passive past)
nosimъ (participle passive present)
nošь (active participle past)
nosę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
nosixъ (aorist first-person singular)
nosi (aorist second-person singular)
nosi (aorist singular third-person)
nošǫ (first-person present singular)
nosiši (present second-person singular)
nositь (present singular third-person)
nosixově (aorist dual first-person)
nosista (aorist dual second-person)
nosiste (aorist dual third-person)
nosivě (dual first-person present)
nosita (dual present second-person)
nosite (dual present third-person)
nosixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
nosiste (aorist plural second-person)
nosišę (aorist plural third-person)
nosimъ (first-person plural present)
nosite (plural present second-person)
nosętь (plural present third-person)
nošaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
nošaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
nošaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
nosi (imperative second-person singular)
nosi (imperative singular third-person)
nošaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
nošaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
nošaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
nosivě (dual first-person imperative)
nosita (dual imperative second-person)
nošaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
nošaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
nošaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
nosimъ (first-person imperative plural)
nosite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: насі́ць (nasícʹ)

Russian: носи́ть (nosítʹ)

Ukrainian: носи́ти (nosýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: носити (nositi)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: но́ся (nósja)

Macedonian: носи (nosi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: но̀сити

Latin script: nòsiti

Slovene: nosīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: nositi

Czech: nosit

desctree

Old Polish: nosić
Polish: nosić
Silesian: nosić

Slovak: nosiť

Polabian: nüsĕt

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: nosëc

Slovincian: nôsëc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: nosyć

Lower Sorbian: nosyś

From *nesti (“to carry, bring”) + *-iti (iterative). Particularly close cognates include Lithuanian naši̇̀nti (“to announce, proclaim”), Ancient Greek ῆνεγκον (ênenkon, “I brought (aorist)”).


voditi

vodìti (canonical)
b (accent-paradigm)
voďenьje (noun-from-verb)
voditi (infinitive)
voditъ (supine)
vodilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
voďenъ (participle passive past)
vodimъ (participle passive present)
voďь (active participle past)
vodę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
vodixъ (aorist first-person singular)
vodi (aorist second-person singular)
vodi (aorist singular third-person)
voďǫ (first-person present singular)
vodiši (present second-person singular)
voditь (present singular third-person)
vodixově (aorist dual first-person)
vodista (aorist dual second-person)
vodiste (aorist dual third-person)
vodivě (dual first-person present)
vodita (dual present second-person)
vodite (dual present third-person)
vodixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vodiste (aorist plural second-person)
vodišę (aorist plural third-person)
vodimъ (first-person plural present)
vodite (plural present second-person)
vodętь (plural present third-person)
voďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
voďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
voďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vodi (imperative second-person singular)
vodi (imperative singular third-person)
voďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
voďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
voďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vodivě (dual first-person imperative)
vodita (dual imperative second-person)
voďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
voďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
voďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vodimъ (first-person imperative plural)
vodite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: водити (voditi)

Old Ruthenian: водити (voditi)

Belarusian: вадзі́ць (vadzícʹ)

Ukrainian: води́ти (vodýty)

Russian: води́ть (vodítʹ)

→ Kildin Sami: во̄дтэ (vōdte)

Old Novgorodian: водити (voditi)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: водити (voditi)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⱁⰴⰻⱅⰻ (voditi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: во̀дити

Latin script: vòditi

Slovene: vodīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: voditi

Czech: vodit

Old Polish: wodzić

Polish: wodzić

Slovak: vodiť

Pannonian Rusyn: водзиц (vodzic)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wodźić

Lower Sorbian: wóźiś


krasti

kràsti (canonical imperfective)
kradnǫti (perfective)
*kradati (alternative)
a (accent-paradigm)
kradenьje (noun-from-verb)
krasti (infinitive)
krastъ (supine)
kradlъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
kradenъ (participle passive past)
kradomъ (participle passive present)
kradъ (active participle past)
krady (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
kradъ (aorist first-person singular)
kradoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
krade (aorist second-person singular)
krade (aorist singular third-person)
kradǫ (first-person present singular)
kradeši (present second-person singular)
kradetь (present singular third-person)
kradově (aorist dual first-person)
kradoxově (aorist dual first-person)
kradeta (aorist dual second-person)
kradosta (aorist dual second-person)
kradete (aorist dual third-person)
kradoste (aorist dual third-person)
kradevě (dual first-person present)
kradeta (dual present second-person)
kradete (dual present third-person)
kradomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kradoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kradete (aorist plural second-person)
kradoste (aorist plural second-person)
kradǫ (aorist plural third-person)
kradošę (aorist plural third-person)
krademъ (first-person plural present)
kradete (plural present second-person)
kradǫtь (plural present third-person)
kraděaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kraděaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kraděaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kradi (imperative second-person singular)
kradi (imperative singular third-person)
kraděaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kraděašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kraděašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kraděvě (dual first-person imperative)
kraděta (dual imperative second-person)
kraděaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kraděašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kraděaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kraděmъ (first-person imperative plural)
kraděte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: кра́сці (krásci)

Russian: красть (krastʹ)

Ukrainian: кра́сти (krásty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: красти (krasti)

Bulgarian: крада́ (kradá); dial. кра́дя (krádja) (formally from *kraditi)

Macedonian: краде (krade)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кра̏сти

Latin script: krȁsti

Slovene: krásti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: krásti

Czech: krást

Kashubian: krasc

Polish: kraść

Silesian: kraś

Slovak: krаsť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kradnyć

Lower Sorbian: kšadnuś

Per LIV, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *krā́ˀtei + *-sti (dʰé-conjugation), perhaps back-formed from the proto dʰi-imperative, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreh₂- (“to take, to gather”). Cognate with ye-present Latvian krât (“to gather, to heap”), Lithuanian krosnis (“oven”), Albanian krydh (“to steal, sneak”).
Daughter languages disagree on the exact accentology - South Slavic tends to have circumflex present stem and mobilility as expected from Meillet's law (similar to analogous *klasti), while Old Russian evinces for fixed acute paradigm. This is sometimes attributed to the influence of the perfective *kràdnǫti.
Dialectal Bulgarian also exhibits reflexes of athematic conjugation крам impf (kram, “to lurk into (in order to steal)”), of unclear diachronic origin.

der

(reflexive) (+ *sę) to get into position to steal


zvoniti

zazvoniti (perfective)
zvoňenьje (noun-from-verb)
zvoniti (infinitive)
zvonitъ (supine)
zvonilъ (l-participle)
zvoňenъ (participle passive past)
zvonimъ (participle passive present)
zvoňь (active participle past)
zvonę (active participle present)
zvonixъ (aorist first-person singular)
zvoni (aorist second-person singular)
zvoni (aorist singular third-person)
zvoňǫ (first-person present singular)
zvoniši (present second-person singular)
zvonitь (present singular third-person)
zvonixově (aorist dual first-person)
zvonista (aorist dual second-person)
zvoniste (aorist dual third-person)
zvonivě (dual first-person present)
zvonita (dual present second-person)
zvonite (dual present third-person)
zvonixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
zvoniste (aorist plural second-person)
zvonišę (aorist plural third-person)
zvonimъ (first-person plural present)
zvonite (plural present second-person)
zvonętь (plural present third-person)
zvoňaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
zvoňaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
zvoňaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
zvoni (imperative second-person singular)
zvoni (imperative singular third-person)
zvoňaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
zvoňaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
zvoňaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
zvonivě (dual first-person imperative)
zvonita (dual imperative second-person)
zvoňaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
zvoňaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
zvoňaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
zvonimъ (first-person imperative plural)
zvonite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: звонити (zvoniti)

desc

Old Ruthenian: звони́ти (zvoníti), звони́ть (zvonítʹ), дзвони́ти (dzvoníti)

Belarusian: звані́ць (zvanícʹ)

(Turov): звоні́ць (zvonícʹ)

(Mogilev): звані́ць (zvanícʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: звони́ти (zvonýty)

Ukrainian: дзвони́ти (dzvonýty)

Russian: звони́ть (zvonítʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: звонити (zvoniti)

Glagolitic script: ⰸⰲⱁⱀⰻⱅⰻ (zvoniti)

Macedonian: ѕвони (dzvoni)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: зво̀нити

Latin script: zvòniti

Slovene: zvoníti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: zvoniti

Czech: zvonit

Moravian (Mistřice): zvóňit

Bohemian (Chod dialect): zvonit

Kashubian: zvońic

Polabian: zünĕ (3rd singular)

desctree

Old Polish: zwonić
Polish: dzwonić
Silesian: zwōnić

Slovak: zvoniť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: zwonić

Lower Sorbian: zwoniś (archaic)


pustiti

pustìti (canonical)
puščati (imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
pusťenьje (noun-from-verb)
pustiti (infinitive)
pustitъ (supine)
pustilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
pusťenъ (participle passive past)
pustimъ (participle passive present)
pusťь (active participle past)
pustę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
pustixъ (aorist first-person singular)
pusti (aorist second-person singular)
pusti (aorist singular third-person)
pusťǫ (first-person present singular)
pustiši (present second-person singular)
pustitь (present singular third-person)
pustixově (aorist dual first-person)
pustista (aorist dual second-person)
pustiste (aorist dual third-person)
pustivě (dual first-person present)
pustita (dual present second-person)
pustite (dual present third-person)
pustixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pustiste (aorist plural second-person)
pustišę (aorist plural third-person)
pustimъ (first-person plural present)
pustite (plural present second-person)
pustętь (plural present third-person)
pusťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pusťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pusťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pusti (imperative second-person singular)
pusti (imperative singular third-person)
pusťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pusťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pusťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pustivě (dual first-person imperative)
pustita (dual imperative second-person)
pusťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pusťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pusťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pustimъ (first-person imperative plural)
pustite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: пустити (pustiti)

Belarusian: пусці́ць (puscícʹ)

Russian: пусти́ть (pustítʹ)

Ukrainian: пусти́ти (pustýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: поустити (pustiti)

Glagolitic: ⱂⱆⱄⱅⰻⱅⰻ (pustiti)

Bulgarian: пу́стя (pústja) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пу̀стити

Latin: pùstiti

Slovene: pustíti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: pustiti

Czech: pustit

Polabian: paustĕt

Polish: puścić

Slovak: pustiť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: pušćić, pušćeć

Lower Sorbian: pušćiś

→ Lithuanian: pũstyti

Per Derksen, cognate with *pȗstъ (“empty”) and Old Prussian pausto (“wild”); further connections unknown. Pokorny suggests a connection with Ancient Greek παῦσις (paûsis, “end, rest, pause”) (whence English pause), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂s-, but Derksen challenges this on accentual grounds.


padati

pàdati (canonical imperfective)
padnǫti (perfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
padanьje (noun-from-verb)
padati (infinitive)
padatъ (supine)
padalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
padanъ (participle passive past)
padajemъ (participle passive present)
padavъ (active participle past)
padaję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
padaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
pada (aorist second-person singular)
pada (aorist singular third-person)
padajǫ (first-person present singular)
padaješi (present second-person singular)
padajetь (present singular third-person)
padaxově (aorist dual first-person)
padasta (aorist dual second-person)
padaste (aorist dual third-person)
padajevě (dual first-person present)
padajeta (dual present second-person)
padajete (dual present third-person)
padaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
padaste (aorist plural second-person)
padašę (aorist plural third-person)
padajemъ (first-person plural present)
padajete (plural present second-person)
padajǫtь (plural present third-person)
padaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
padaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
padaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
padaji (imperative second-person singular)
padaji (imperative singular third-person)
padaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
padaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
padaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
padajivě (dual first-person imperative)
padajita (dual imperative second-person)
padaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
padaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
padaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
padajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
padajite (imperative plural second-person)
*pàďati (alternative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: па́даць (pádacʹ)

Russian: па́дать (pádatʹ)

Ukrainian: па́дати (pádaty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: падати (padati)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⰰⰴⰰⱅⰹ (padati)

Bulgarian: па́дам (pádam)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: па̏дати

Latin script: pȁdati

Slovene: pādati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: padac

Old Czech: padati

Czech: padat

Old Polish: padać

Polish: padać

Old Slovak: padať

Pannonian Rusyn: падац (padac)

Slovak: padať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: padać

Lower Sorbian: padaś

From *pàsti (“to fall”) + *-ati. Per Derksen, an example of Winter's law.


platiti

South Slavic: (canonical)
plaťati (imperfective)
zaplatiti (perfective)
plaťenьje (noun-from-verb)
platiti (infinitive)
platitъ (supine)
platilъ (l-participle)
plaťenъ (participle passive past)
platimъ (participle passive present)
plaťь (active participle past)
platę (active participle present)
platixъ (aorist first-person singular)
plati (aorist second-person singular)
plati (aorist singular third-person)
plaťǫ (first-person present singular)
platiši (present second-person singular)
platitь (present singular third-person)
platixově (aorist dual first-person)
platista (aorist dual second-person)
platiste (aorist dual third-person)
plativě (dual first-person present)
platita (dual present second-person)
platite (dual present third-person)
platixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
platiste (aorist plural second-person)
platišę (aorist plural third-person)
platimъ (first-person plural present)
platite (plural present second-person)
platętь (plural present third-person)
plaťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
plaťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
plaťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
plati (imperative second-person singular)
plati (imperative singular third-person)
plaťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
plaťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
plaťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
plativě (dual first-person imperative)
platita (dual imperative second-person)
plaťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
plaťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
plaťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
platimъ (first-person imperative plural)
platite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: плаціць (placicʹ)

Russian: плати́ть (platítʹ)

Ukrainian: плати́ти (platýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: платити (platiti)

Bulgarian: платя́ (platjá)

Macedonian: плати (plati)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пла́тити

Latin script: plátiti

Slovene: platíti (obsolete)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: platiti

Czech: platit

Kashubian: płacëc

Polabian: plotĕt

Polish: płacić

Slovak: platiť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: рłаćić

Lower Sorbian: płaśiś

Non-Slavic

→ Aromanian: plãtescu

→ Romanian: plăti

Denominal causative from *platъ (“fabric”) + *-iti, originally implying “to cover up, to overlay”.


staviti

stàviti (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
stavľenьje (noun-from-verb)
staviti (infinitive)
stavitъ (supine)
stavilъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
stavľenъ (participle passive past)
stavimъ (participle passive present)
stavľь (active participle past)
stavę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
stavixъ (aorist first-person singular)
stavi (aorist second-person singular)
stavi (aorist singular third-person)
stavľǫ (first-person present singular)
staviši (present second-person singular)
stavitь (present singular third-person)
stavixově (aorist dual first-person)
stavista (aorist dual second-person)
staviste (aorist dual third-person)
stavivě (dual first-person present)
stavita (dual present second-person)
stavite (dual present third-person)
stavixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
staviste (aorist plural second-person)
stavišę (aorist plural third-person)
stavimъ (first-person plural present)
stavite (plural present second-person)
stavętь (plural present third-person)
stavľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
stavľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
stavľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
stavi (imperative second-person singular)
stavi (imperative singular third-person)
stavľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
stavľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
stavľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
stavivě (dual first-person imperative)
stavita (dual imperative second-person)
stavľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
stavľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
stavľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
stavimъ (first-person imperative plural)
stavite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ставити (staviti)

Belarusian: ставіць (stavicʹ)

Russian: ста́вить (stávitʹ)

Ukrainian: ста́вити (stávyty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: ставити (staviti)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱅⰰⰲⰻⱅⰻ (staviti)

Bulgarian: ста́вя (stávja) (obsolete)

Macedonian: стави (stavi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ста̏вити

Latin script: stȁviti

Slovene: stáviti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: stawic

Old Czech: staviti

Czech: stavit

desctree

Old Polish: stawić
Polish: stawić
Silesian: stawić

Slovak: staviť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: stawić

Lower Sorbian: stawiś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *stāw-, from Proto-Indo-European *sth₂-ēw-, from *steh₂-. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *stōjaną (“to stow”) and akin to Latvian stãvêt (“to stand”), Lithuanian stovė́ti (“to stand”).


kupiti

kupìti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
kupľenьje (noun-from-verb)
kupiti (infinitive)
kupitъ (supine)
kupilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
kupľenъ (participle passive past)
kupimъ (participle passive present)
kupľь (active participle past)
kupę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
kupixъ (aorist first-person singular)
kupi (aorist second-person singular)
kupi (aorist singular third-person)
kupľǫ (first-person present singular)
kupiši (present second-person singular)
kupitь (present singular third-person)
kupixově (aorist dual first-person)
kupista (aorist dual second-person)
kupiste (aorist dual third-person)
kupivě (dual first-person present)
kupita (dual present second-person)
kupite (dual present third-person)
kupixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kupiste (aorist plural second-person)
kupišę (aorist plural third-person)
kupimъ (first-person plural present)
kupite (plural present second-person)
kupętь (plural present third-person)
kupľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kupľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kupľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kupi (imperative second-person singular)
kupi (imperative singular third-person)
kupľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kupľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kupľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kupivě (dual first-person imperative)
kupita (dual imperative second-person)
kupľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kupľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kupľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kupimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kupite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: купитисѧ (kupitisę)

Belarusian: купі́ць (kupícʹ)

Russian: купи́ть (kupítʹ)

Ukrainian: ку́питися (kúpytysja)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: купя́ (kupjá) (obsolete)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ку̏пити

Latin script: kȕpiti

Slovene: kupíti?

West Slavic:

Czech: kupit?

Polish: kupić (obsolete)

Old Slovak: kupiť

Slovak: kúpiť, kopiť

Causative of *kupъ (“heap, pile”) + *-iti. Akin to Lithuanian kaũpti (“to pile up, to dig up”).
In modern languages, mostly superseded by the Germanic loanword *kupiti (“to purchase”) (Etymology 2).

cog

kupьnъ*kupьno

piled, gathered; together, simultaneously


kupiti

kupìti (canonical perfective)
kupovati (imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
kupľenьje (noun-from-verb)
kupiti (infinitive)
kupitъ (supine)
kupilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
kupľenъ (participle passive past)
kupľь (active participle past)
b (accent-paradigm)
kupixъ (aorist first-person singular)
kupi (aorist second-person singular)
kupi (aorist singular third-person)
kupľǫ (first-person present singular)
kupiši (present second-person singular)
kupitь (present singular third-person)
kupixově (aorist dual first-person)
kupista (aorist dual second-person)
kupiste (aorist dual third-person)
kupivě (dual first-person present)
kupita (dual present second-person)
kupite (dual present third-person)
kupixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kupiste (aorist plural second-person)
kupišę (aorist plural third-person)
kupimъ (first-person plural present)
kupite (plural present second-person)
kupętь (plural present third-person)
kupi (imperative second-person singular)
kupi (imperative singular third-person)
kupivě (dual first-person imperative)
kupita (dual imperative second-person)
kupimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kupite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: купити (kupiti)

Old Ruthenian: купи́ти (kupíti)

Belarusian: купі́ць (kupícʹ)

Ukrainian: купи́ти (kupýty)

Russian: купи́ть (kupítʹ)

⇒ Russenorsk: kopom

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: кꙋпити (kupiti)

q

via the agent noun <i class="Latn mention" lang="sla-pro">*kupьcь</i>

⇒ Romanian: precupeți (via the agent noun *kupьcь)

Bulgarian: ку́пя (kúpja)

Macedonian: купи (kupi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ку́пити

Latin script: kúpiti

Slovene: kupīti, kúpiti

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kúpiti

Czech: koupit

Kashubian: kùpic

Old Polish: kupić

Polish: kupić

Silesian: kupić

Old Slovak: kúpiť

Pannonian Rusyn: купиц (kupic)

Slovak: kúpiť

Slovincian: kùpjic

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kupić

Lower Sorbian: kupiś

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *kaupijaną (“to trade”), probably via Gothic (compare Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍀𐍉𐌽 (kaupōn)).. The Germanic lemma is also loaned in Finnish kaupita.


stolica

stolica (nominative singular)
stolici (dual nominative)
stolicę̇ (nominative plural)
stolicę̇ (genitive singular)
stolicu (dual genitive)
stolicь (genitive plural)
stolici (dative singular)
stolicama (dative dual)
stolicamъ (dative plural)
stolicǫ (accusative singular)
stolici (accusative dual)
stolicę̇ (accusative plural)
stolicejǫ (instrumental singular)
stolicǫ (instrumental singular)
stolicama (dual instrumental)
stolicami (instrumental plural)
stolici (locative singular)
stolicu (dual locative)
stolicasъ (locative plural)
stolicaxъ (locative plural)
stolice (singular vocative)
stolici (dual vocative)
stolicę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: столица (stolica)

Old Ruthenian: столи́ца (stolíca)

Belarusian: сталі́ца (stalíca)

Ukrainian: столи́ця (stolýcja)

Russian: столи́ца (stolíca)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: сто̀лица (stòlica)

Macedonian: столица (stolica)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сто̀лица

Latin script: stòlica

West Slavic:

Kashubian: stolëca

Old Czech: stolicě

Czech: stolice

Old Polish: stolica

Polish: stolica

Silesian: stolica

Slovak: stolica

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: stolica


služiti

služìti (canonical)
b (accent-paradigm)
služenьje (noun-from-verb)
služiti (infinitive)
služitъ (supine)
služilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
služenъ (participle passive past)
služimъ (participle passive present)
služь (active participle past)
služę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
služixъ (aorist first-person singular)
služi (aorist second-person singular)
služi (aorist singular third-person)
služǫ (first-person present singular)
služiši (present second-person singular)
služitь (present singular third-person)
služixově (aorist dual first-person)
služista (aorist dual second-person)
služiste (aorist dual third-person)
služivě (dual first-person present)
služita (dual present second-person)
služite (dual present third-person)
služixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
služiste (aorist plural second-person)
služišę (aorist plural third-person)
služimъ (first-person plural present)
služite (plural present second-person)
služętь (plural present third-person)
služaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
služaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
služaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
služi (imperative second-person singular)
služi (imperative singular third-person)
služaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
služaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
služaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
služivě (dual first-person imperative)
služita (dual imperative second-person)
služaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
služaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
služaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
služimъ (first-person imperative plural)
služite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: служи́ти (služíti)

Old Ruthenian: служи́ти (služíti)

Belarusian: служы́ць (služýcʹ)

Ukrainian: служи́ти (služýty)

Middle Russian: служи́ти (služíti)

Russian: служи́ть (služítʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: слоужити (služiti)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⰾⱆⰶⰻⱅⰻ (služiti)

Bulgarian: слу́жа (slúža)

Macedonian: служи (služi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: слу́жити

Latin script: slúžiti

Slovene: slúžiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: slúžiti

Czech: sloužit

Polabian: *slauzĕt, slauzĕ

desctree

Old Polish: służyć
Polish: służyć
Silesian: sużyć

Slovak: slúžiť

Slovincian:

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: służëc

Slovincian: slëżëc

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: słužyś

Upper Sorbian: słužić


kuditi

kùditi (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
kuďenьje (noun-from-verb)
kuditi (infinitive)
kuditъ (supine)
kudilъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
kuďenъ (participle passive past)
kudimъ (participle passive present)
kuďь (active participle past)
kudę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
kudixъ (aorist first-person singular)
kudi (aorist second-person singular)
kudi (aorist singular third-person)
kuďǫ (first-person present singular)
kudiši (present second-person singular)
kuditь (present singular third-person)
kudixově (aorist dual first-person)
kudista (aorist dual second-person)
kudiste (aorist dual third-person)
kudivě (dual first-person present)
kudita (dual present second-person)
kudite (dual present third-person)
kudixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kudiste (aorist plural second-person)
kudišę (aorist plural third-person)
kudimъ (first-person plural present)
kudite (plural present second-person)
kudętь (plural present third-person)
kuďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kuďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kuďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kudi (imperative second-person singular)
kudi (imperative singular third-person)
kuďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kuďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kuďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kudivě (dual first-person imperative)
kudita (dual imperative second-person)
kuďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kuďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kuďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kudimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kudite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кꙋдити (kuditi)

Russian: ку́дить (kúditʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: коудити (kuditi)

desc

Bulgarian: ку́дя (kúdja) (dialectal, poetic)

⇒ Bulgarian: проку́дя (prokúdja)

Macedonian: куди (kudi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ку̏дити

Latin script: kȕditi

Slovene: kúditi (tonal orthography) (obsolete)

West Slavic:

⇒ Polish: przekudzić (dialectal)

i

Slovak: kudiť (Jungmann's and Kott's dictionaries; archaic or dialectal)

From Proto-Indo-European *kowdéyeti, causative/iterative from the root *kewd-, or derived from *kudъ, *kudь, *kudo (“sorcery? evil spirit?”), from the same root. Cognate with Ancient Greek κυδάζω (kudázō, “to jeer at”), Old Norse hóta (“to threaten”), English hoot, Old High German hosc (“scorn, mockery”), Middle High German hiuzen (“to become impudent”), Sanskrit कुत्सयति (kutsáyati, “to scold”).


strašidlo

strašidlo (nominative singular)
strašidlě (dual nominative)
strašidla (nominative plural)
strašidla (genitive singular)
strašidlu (dual genitive)
strašidlъ (genitive plural)
strašidlu (dative singular)
strašidloma (dative dual)
strašidlomъ (dative plural)
strašidlo (accusative singular)
strašidlě (accusative dual)
strašidla (accusative plural)
strašidlъmь (instrumental singular)
strašidlomь (instrumental singular)
strašidloma (dual instrumental)
strašidly (instrumental plural)
strašidlě (locative singular)
strašidlu (dual locative)
strašidlěxъ (locative plural)
strašidlo (singular vocative)
strašidlě (dual vocative)
strašidla (plural vocative)

be:Аляксандр Мікалаевіч Булыка

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: страшило (strašilo)

Ukrainian: страши́ло (strašýlo)

Middle Belarusian: страшило (strašilo)

South Slavic:

Macedonian: страшило (strašilo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: стра̏шило

Latin script: strȁšilo

Slovene: strašílo (tonal orthography)

(Črni vrh, Idrija): strḁšȋł

West Slavic:

Old Czech: strašidlo

Czech: strašidlo

Old Slovak: strašidlo

Slovak: strašidlo

Pannonian Rusyn: страшидло (strašidlo)

Old Polish: straszydło

Polish: straszydło

→ Ukrainian: страши́дло (strašýdlo)

Kashubian: strašédło

Polabian: strosaidłü

Slovincian: straszëdlô

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: trašidło

Lower Sorbian: tšašydło


divo

dȋvo (canonical neuter)
dȋvo (nominative singular)
dȋvě (dual nominative)
divà (nominative plural)
dȋva (genitive singular)
divù (dual genitive)
dĩvъ (genitive plural)
dȋvu (dative singular)
divomà (dative dual)
divòmъ (dative plural)
dȋvo (accusative singular)
dȋvě (accusative dual)
divà (accusative plural)
dȋvъmь (instrumental singular)
dȋvomь (instrumental singular)
divomà (dual instrumental)
divý (instrumental plural)
dȋvě (locative singular)
divù (dual locative)
divě̃xъ (locative plural)
dȋvo (singular vocative)
dȋvě (dual vocative)
divà (plural vocative)
dȋvo (nominative singular)
dȋvesi (dual nominative)
divesà (nominative plural)
dȋvese (genitive singular)
divesù (dual genitive)
divèsъ (genitive plural)
dȋvesi (dative singular)
divesьmà (dative dual)
divèsьmъ (dative plural)
dȋvo (accusative singular)
dȋvesi (accusative dual)
divesà (accusative plural)
dȋvesьmь (instrumental singular)
divesьmà (dual instrumental)
divesý (instrumental plural)
dȋvese (locative singular)
divesù (dual locative)
divèsьxъ (locative plural)
dȋvo (singular vocative)
dȋvesi (dual vocative)
divesà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: диво (divo)

Belarusian: дзі́ва (dzíva)

Russian: ди́во (dívo)

Ukrainian: ди́во (dývo)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: диво (divo)

Glagolitic script: ⰴⰻⰲⱁ (divo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ди̑во

Latin script: dȋvo

West Slavic:

Old Polish: dziwo

Polish: dziwo

→ Czech: divo

Slovak: (dialectal) divo

that which causes delight; wonder, miracle


voziti

vozìti (canonical)
b (accent-paradigm)
voženьje (noun-from-verb)
voziti (infinitive)
vozitъ (supine)
vozilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
voženъ (participle passive past)
vozimъ (participle passive present)
vožь (active participle past)
vozę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
vozixъ (aorist first-person singular)
vozi (aorist second-person singular)
vozi (aorist singular third-person)
vožǫ (first-person present singular)
voziši (present second-person singular)
vozitь (present singular third-person)
vozixově (aorist dual first-person)
vozista (aorist dual second-person)
voziste (aorist dual third-person)
vozivě (dual first-person present)
vozita (dual present second-person)
vozite (dual present third-person)
vozixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
voziste (aorist plural second-person)
vozišę (aorist plural third-person)
vozimъ (first-person plural present)
vozite (plural present second-person)
vozętь (plural present third-person)
vožaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vožaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vožaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vozi (imperative second-person singular)
vozi (imperative singular third-person)
vožaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vožaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vožaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vozivě (dual first-person imperative)
vozita (dual imperative second-person)
vožaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vožaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vožaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vozimъ (first-person imperative plural)
vozite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: возити (voziti)

Belarusian: вазі́ць (vazícʹ)

Russian: вози́ть (vozítʹ)

Ukrainian: вози́ти (vozýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: возити (voziti)

Glagolitic: ⰲⱁⰸⰺⱅⰺ (voziti)

Bulgarian: во́зя (vózja)

Macedonian: вози (vozi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: во̀зити

Latin script: vòziti

Slovene: vozīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: voziti

Czech: vozit

Old Polish: wozić

Polish: wozić

Old Slovak: voziť

Pannonian Rusyn: вожиц (vožic)

Slovak: voziť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wozyć

Lower Sorbian: wózyś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wáźīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *woǵʰéyeti, from *weǵʰ-.


darovati

darovanьje (noun-from-verb)
darovati (infinitive)
darovatъ (supine)
darovalъ (l-participle)
darovavъ (active participle past)
daruję (active participle present)
darovaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
darova (aorist second-person singular)
darova (aorist singular third-person)
darujǫ (first-person present singular)
daruješi (present second-person singular)
darujetь (present singular third-person)
darovaxově (aorist dual first-person)
darovasta (aorist dual second-person)
darovaste (aorist dual third-person)
darujevě (dual first-person present)
darujeta (dual present second-person)
darujete (dual present third-person)
darovaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
darovaste (aorist plural second-person)
darovašę (aorist plural third-person)
darujemъ (first-person plural present)
darujete (plural present second-person)
darujǫtь (plural present third-person)
darovaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
darovaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
darovaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
daruji (imperative second-person singular)
daruji (imperative singular third-person)
darovaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
darovaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
darovaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
darujivě (dual first-person imperative)
darujita (dual imperative second-person)
darovaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
darovaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
darovaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
darujimъ (first-person imperative plural)
darujite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: даровати (darovati)

Belarusian: дараваць (daravacʹ)

Russian: дарова́ть (darovátʹ)

Ukrainian: дарува́ти (daruváty)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: даровати (darovati)

Bulgarian: дару́вам (darúvam) (archaic)

Macedonian: да́рува (dáruva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: даро̀вати

Latin script: daròvati

Slovene: darováti

West Slavic:

Old Czech: darovati

Czech: darovat

Polish: darować

Slovak: darovať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: darować

Lower Sorbian: darowaś


zobati

zobanьje (noun-from-verb)
zobati (infinitive)
zobatъ (supine)
zobalъ (l-participle)
zobanъ (participle passive past)
zobľemъ (participle passive present)
zobavъ (active participle past)
zobľę (active participle present)
zobaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
zoba (aorist second-person singular)
zoba (aorist singular third-person)
zobľǫ (first-person present singular)
zobľeši (present second-person singular)
zobľetь (present singular third-person)
zobaxově (aorist dual first-person)
zobasta (aorist dual second-person)
zobaste (aorist dual third-person)
zobľevě (dual first-person present)
zobľeta (dual present second-person)
zobľete (dual present third-person)
zobaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
zobaste (aorist plural second-person)
zobašę (aorist plural third-person)
zobľemъ (first-person plural present)
zobľete (plural present second-person)
zobľǫtь (plural present third-person)
zobaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
zobaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
zobaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
zobľi (imperative second-person singular)
zobľi (imperative singular third-person)
zobaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
zobaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
zobaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
zobľivě (dual first-person imperative)
zobľita (dual imperative second-person)
zobaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
zobaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
zobaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
zobľimъ (first-person imperative plural)
zobľite (imperative plural second-person)
zobanьje (noun-from-verb)
zobati (infinitive)
zobatъ (supine)
zobalъ (l-participle)
zobanъ (participle passive past)
zobajemъ (participle passive present)
zobavъ (active participle past)
zobaję (active participle present)
zobaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
zoba (aorist second-person singular)
zoba (aorist singular third-person)
zobajǫ (first-person present singular)
zobaješi (present second-person singular)
zobajetь (present singular third-person)
zobaxově (aorist dual first-person)
zobasta (aorist dual second-person)
zobaste (aorist dual third-person)
zobajevě (dual first-person present)
zobajeta (dual present second-person)
zobajete (dual present third-person)
zobaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
zobaste (aorist plural second-person)
zobašę (aorist plural third-person)
zobajemъ (first-person plural present)
zobajete (plural present second-person)
zobajǫtь (plural present third-person)
zobaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
zobaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
zobaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
zobaji (imperative second-person singular)
zobaji (imperative singular third-person)
zobaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
zobaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
zobaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
zobajivě (dual first-person imperative)
zobajita (dual imperative second-person)
zobaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
zobaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
zobaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
zobajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
zobajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: зобати (zobati)

Russian: зоба́ть (zobátʹ)

South Slavic

⇒ Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: изоба (izoba)

Bulgarian: зобя́ (zobjá), зо́бам (zóbam)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: зо̀бати

Latin script: zòbati

Slovene: zóbati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic

Czech: zobat

desctree

Old Polish: zobać
Polish: (partially) dziobać, dziabać, dzióbać
→ Belarusian: дзю́баць (dzjúbacʹ)
→ Russian: дзю́бать (dzjúbatʹ) (dialectal)
→ Ukrainian: дзю́ба́ти (dzjúbáty)

Slovak: zobať


kajati

kàjati (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
kajanьje (noun-from-verb)
kajati (infinitive)
kajatъ (supine)
kajalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
kajanъ (participle passive past)
kajemъ (participle passive present)
kajavъ (active participle past)
kaję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
kajaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kaja (aorist second-person singular)
kaja (aorist singular third-person)
kajǫ (first-person present singular)
kaješi (present second-person singular)
kajetь (present singular third-person)
kajaxově (aorist dual first-person)
kajasta (aorist dual second-person)
kajaste (aorist dual third-person)
kajevě (dual first-person present)
kajeta (dual present second-person)
kajete (dual present third-person)
kajaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kajaste (aorist plural second-person)
kajašę (aorist plural third-person)
kajemъ (first-person plural present)
kajete (plural present second-person)
kajǫtь (plural present third-person)
kajaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kajaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kajaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kaji (imperative second-person singular)
kaji (imperative singular third-person)
kajaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kajaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kajaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kajivě (dual first-person imperative)
kajita (dual imperative second-person)
kajaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kajaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kajaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: каꙗти (kajati) (11th century), каꙗтисꙗ (kajatisja) (10th century)

Belarusian: ка́яцца (kájacca)

Russian: ка́яться (kájatʹsja) (see also ока́ять (okájatʹ))

desc

Ukrainian: ка́яти (kájaty), ка́ятися (kájatysja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: каꙗти (kajati)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: ка̀я се (kàja se)

Macedonian: кае (kae)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ка̏јати

Latin script: kȁjati

Slovene: kájati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: káti

Czech: kát

Polish: kajać

Slovak: kajať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kać

Lower Sorbian: kajaś

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: căi

* Per Derksen, Vasmer and Chernykh, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷōy-, from the root *kʷey-. Cognate with *cěnà (“price, value”), which is an exact reflex of Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penance, penalty”), Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬁 (kaēnā, “penance, penalty, punishment, revenge”). Also cognate with Sanskrit चयते (cáyate, “to avenge, to punish”), Avestan 𐬐𐬁𐬌𐬌- (kāii-, “to repent”), 𐬗𐬌𐬐𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬝 (cikaiiat̰, “to cause to repent, to avenge, to punish”), Ancient Greek τίνω (tínō, “to cry, to repent”) (Homeric τῑ́νω (tī́nō)).
* Per Rix (LIV), cognate with *čàjati (“to expect, to wait”), from a different Proto-Indo-European root *kʷey- (“to perceive, to observe”) (this root is reconstructed as *kʷeh₁y- by Derksen).


kasati

kasanьje (noun-from-verb)
kasati (infinitive)
kasatъ (supine)
kasalъ (l-participle)
kasanъ (participle passive past)
kasajemъ (participle passive present)
kasavъ (active participle past)
kasaję (active participle present)
kasaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kasa (aorist second-person singular)
kasa (aorist singular third-person)
kasajǫ (first-person present singular)
kasaješi (present second-person singular)
kasajetь (present singular third-person)
kasaxově (aorist dual first-person)
kasasta (aorist dual second-person)
kasaste (aorist dual third-person)
kasajevě (dual first-person present)
kasajeta (dual present second-person)
kasajete (dual present third-person)
kasaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kasaste (aorist plural second-person)
kasašę (aorist plural third-person)
kasajemъ (first-person plural present)
kasajete (plural present second-person)
kasajǫtь (plural present third-person)
kasaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kasaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kasaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kasaji (imperative second-person singular)
kasaji (imperative singular third-person)
kasaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kasaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kasaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kasajivě (dual first-person imperative)
kasajita (dual imperative second-person)
kasaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kasaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kasaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kasajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kasajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: касатисѧ (kasatisę, “to touch, to concern”)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: каса́ти (kasáti), каса́тисѧ (kasátisja)
>? Belarusian: каса́цца (kasácca) (dialectal)
⇒? Belarusian: адка́сывацца (adkásyvacca) (dialectal)
Ukrainian: каса́тися (kasátysja) (obsolete)

desc

Russian: каса́ться (kasátʹsja, “to touch, to concern”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: касати сѧ (kasati sę, “to touch”)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: каса́е се (kasáe se, “(it) concerns”, 3sg.)

Macedonian: каса (kasa, “to trot”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ка̏сати (“to trot, to walk quickly”)

Latin: kȁsati (“to trot, to walk quickly”)

Slovene: kasati (“to walk while shaking one's head (of horses)”)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kasati (“to roll up”)

Czech: kasat (“to roll up”)

Old Polish: kasać (“to fold back, to tuck up”)

Polish: kasać (“to grab, to prepare, to climb, to aspire”) (obsolete or dialectal)

Slovak: kasať (“to roll up”)

Slovincian: kasac

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kasać (“to roll up”)

Lower Sorbian: kasaś (“to roll up, to lift”)

From the same root as *česàti (“to scratch, to comb”). Cognate with Lithuanian kasýti (“to scratch constantly”), Latvian kasît (“to scratch, to rake, to plane”). See *česàti for further cognates.


bosti

bostì (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
bodenьje (noun-from-verb)
bosti (infinitive)
bostъ (supine)
bodlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
bodenъ (participle passive past)
bodomъ (participle passive present)
bodъ (active participle past)
body (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
bodъ (aorist first-person singular)
bodoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
bode (aorist second-person singular)
bode (aorist singular third-person)
bodǫ (first-person present singular)
bodeši (present second-person singular)
bodetь (present singular third-person)
bodově (aorist dual first-person)
bodoxově (aorist dual first-person)
bodeta (aorist dual second-person)
bodosta (aorist dual second-person)
bodete (aorist dual third-person)
bodoste (aorist dual third-person)
bodevě (dual first-person present)
bodeta (dual present second-person)
bodete (dual present third-person)
bodomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bodoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bodete (aorist plural second-person)
bodoste (aorist plural second-person)
bodǫ (aorist plural third-person)
bodošę (aorist plural third-person)
bodemъ (first-person plural present)
bodete (plural present second-person)
bodǫtь (plural present third-person)
boděaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
boděaše (imperfect second-person singular)
boděaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bodi (imperative second-person singular)
bodi (imperative singular third-person)
boděaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
boděašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
boděašete (dual imperfect third-person)
boděvě (dual first-person imperative)
boděta (dual imperative second-person)
boděaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
boděašete (imperfect plural second-person)
boděaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
boděmъ (first-person imperative plural)
boděte (imperative plural second-person)
c (accent-paradigm)
bodenьje (noun-from-verb)
bosti (infinitive)
bostъ (supine)
bodlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
bodenъ (participle passive past)
bodomъ (participle passive present)
bodъ (active participle past)
body (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
basъ (aorist first-person singular)
bode (aorist second-person singular)
bode (aorist singular third-person)
bodǫ (first-person present singular)
bodeši (present second-person singular)
bodetь (present singular third-person)
basově (aorist dual first-person)
basta (aorist dual second-person)
baste (aorist dual third-person)
bodevě (dual first-person present)
bodeta (dual present second-person)
bodete (dual present third-person)
basomъ (aorist first-person plural)
baste (aorist plural second-person)
basę (aorist plural third-person)
bodemъ (first-person plural present)
bodete (plural present second-person)
bodǫtь (plural present third-person)
boděaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
boděaše (imperfect second-person singular)
boděaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bodi (imperative second-person singular)
bodi (imperative singular third-person)
boděaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
boděašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
boděašete (dual imperfect third-person)
boděvě (dual first-person imperative)
boděta (dual imperative second-person)
boděaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
boděašete (imperfect plural second-person)
boděaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
boděmъ (first-person imperative plural)
boděte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: бость (bostʹ) (Smolensk), бости́ (bostí) (Kaliningrad Oblast)

Ukrainian: бости́ (bostý)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: бости (bosti)

Bulgarian: бода́ (bodá)

Macedonian: боде (bode)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бо̏сти

Latin script: bȍsti

Slovene: bósti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: bósti
Czech: bůst

desctree

Old Polish: bóść
Polish: bóść
Silesian: bōś, bōść

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: bósc

Slovincian: bôsc

Polabian: büst

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: bosć

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *bestei, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰedʰh₂-é-ti. Cognate with Latvian best, Lithuanian bèsti, Old Prussian embaddusisi. Further related to Latin fodiō (“to pierce, to dig”), Hittite 𒁁𒁕𒀀𒄿 (“to dig”).


prositi

prosìti (canonical)
b (accent-paradigm)
prošenьje (noun-from-verb)
prositi (infinitive)
prositъ (supine)
prosilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
prošenъ (participle passive past)
prosimъ (participle passive present)
prošь (active participle past)
prosę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
prosixъ (aorist first-person singular)
prosi (aorist second-person singular)
prosi (aorist singular third-person)
prošǫ (first-person present singular)
prosiši (present second-person singular)
prositь (present singular third-person)
prosixově (aorist dual first-person)
prosista (aorist dual second-person)
prosiste (aorist dual third-person)
prosivě (dual first-person present)
prosita (dual present second-person)
prosite (dual present third-person)
prosixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
prosiste (aorist plural second-person)
prosišę (aorist plural third-person)
prosimъ (first-person plural present)
prosite (plural present second-person)
prosętь (plural present third-person)
prošaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
prošaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
prošaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
prosi (imperative second-person singular)
prosi (imperative singular third-person)
prošaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
prošaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
prošaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
prosivě (dual first-person imperative)
prosita (dual imperative second-person)
prošaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
prošaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
prošaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
prosimъ (first-person imperative plural)
prosite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: просити (prositi)

Old Ruthenian: проси́ти (prosíti)

Belarusian: прасі́ць (prasícʹ)

Ukrainian: проси́ти (prosýty)

Russian: проси́ть (prosítʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: просити (prositi)

Bulgarian: про́ся (prósja)

Macedonian: про́си (prósi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: про̀сити

Latin script: pròsiti

Slovene: prósiti

West Slavic:

Old Czech: prositi
Czech: prosit

Old Polish: prosić
Polish: prosić
Silesian: prosić

Slovak: prosiť

Polabian: prüsĕt

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: prosëc

Slovincian: prôsëc

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pšosyś

Upper Sorbian: prosyć

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *práśīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *proḱ-éye-ti, causative of *preḱ-.


grabiti

gràbiti (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
grabľenьje (noun-from-verb)
grabiti (infinitive)
grabitъ (supine)
grabilъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
grabľenъ (participle passive past)
grabimъ (participle passive present)
grabľь (active participle past)
grabę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
grabixъ (aorist first-person singular)
grabi (aorist second-person singular)
grabi (aorist singular third-person)
grabľǫ (first-person present singular)
grabiši (present second-person singular)
grabitь (present singular third-person)
grabixově (aorist dual first-person)
grabista (aorist dual second-person)
grabiste (aorist dual third-person)
grabivě (dual first-person present)
grabita (dual present second-person)
grabite (dual present third-person)
grabixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
grabiste (aorist plural second-person)
grabišę (aorist plural third-person)
grabimъ (first-person plural present)
grabite (plural present second-person)
grabętь (plural present third-person)
grabľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
grabľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
grabľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
grabi (imperative second-person singular)
grabi (imperative singular third-person)
grabľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
grabľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
grabľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
grabivě (dual first-person imperative)
grabita (dual imperative second-person)
grabľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
grabľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
grabľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
grabimъ (first-person imperative plural)
grabite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: грабити (grabiti)

Belarusian: гра́біць (hrábicʹ)

Russian: гра́бить (grábitʹ)

Ukrainian: грабува́ти (hrabuváty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: грабити (grabiti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: гра́бя (grábja)

Macedonian: граби (grabi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гра̏бити

Latin script: grȁbiti

Slovene: grábiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: hrabit (dialectal)

Polish: grabić

Slovincian: grabjic

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: grabit

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *grā́ˀbīˀtei.
* Per Derksen, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrob-éye-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreb-; meanings "to rake" in daughter languages from confusion with the root *gʰrebʰ- (see Proto-Slavic *gretì (“to dig, to rake, to scrape”)). Baltic cognates include Lithuanian gróbti (“to seize”), Latvian grābt (“to seize”). Indo-European cognates include Old Norse grápa (“to seize”). The same confusion appears to have happened elsewhere; compare Sanskrit गृह्णाति (gṛhṇā́ti), गृभ्णाति (gṛbhṇā́ti, “to seize, to hold, to take”). Avestan: grab- ‘to grab, seize, take’, Old Persian: grab- ‘to seize (as possesion), Persian گرفتن (gereftan), پذیرفتن (paziroftan). English grab vs. Gothic 𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (graban, “to dig”), all of which come from *gʰrebʰ-. Derksen does not derive this verb from *gʰrebʰ- due to Winter's law, which is required to produce the acute *-a- of the Slavic root but would not operate in *gʰrebʰ-.
* Per Vasmer, Chernykh and Trubachev, this verb in fact derives from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrob-éye-ti, from *gʰreb-; see also Proto-Slavic *gretì. Chernykh describes it as the causative of *gretì.
* Per Rix (LIV), probably from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrobh₂-éye-ti, from *gʰrebh₂-, which allows for Winter's law and also accounts for the Sanskrit -(b)h- (but still doesn't account for the Germanic forms, which are supposed to derive from a different root *gʰrebʰ-).


kositi

kosìti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
košenьje (noun-from-verb)
kositi (infinitive)
kositъ (supine)
kosilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
košenъ (participle passive past)
kosimъ (participle passive present)
košь (active participle past)
kosę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
kosixъ (aorist first-person singular)
kosi (aorist second-person singular)
kosi (aorist singular third-person)
košǫ (first-person present singular)
kosiši (present second-person singular)
kositь (present singular third-person)
kosixově (aorist dual first-person)
kosista (aorist dual second-person)
kosiste (aorist dual third-person)
kosivě (dual first-person present)
kosita (dual present second-person)
kosite (dual present third-person)
kosixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kosiste (aorist plural second-person)
kosišę (aorist plural third-person)
kosimъ (first-person plural present)
kosite (plural present second-person)
kosętь (plural present third-person)
košaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
košaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
košaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kosi (imperative second-person singular)
kosi (imperative singular third-person)
košaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
košaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
košaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kosivě (dual first-person imperative)
kosita (dual imperative second-person)
košaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
košaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
košaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kosimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kosite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: касі́ць (kasícʹ)

Russian: коси́ть (kosítʹ)

Ukrainian: коси́ти (kosýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: косити (kositi)

Bulgarian: кося́ (kosjá), ко́ся (kósja) (in Western dialects)

Macedonian: коси (kosi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ко́сити

Latin script: kósiti

Slovene: kosīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: kosit

Polish: kosić

Slovak: kosiť

Reflects the causative Proto-Indo-European *kos-eyé-ti of Proto-Indo-European *ḱes- (“to castrate”)/*kes- (“to scratch, to comb”), equivalent to *kosъ (“skew, slanted”) + *-iti. Possibly akin to Latin careō (“to lack, to be separated”), Latin castrō (“to castrate, to prune”).

cog

(by abstraction) → to regret, to repent

to curve, to slant, to fold, to prepare for mowing


skakati

skakàti (canonical imperfective)
skočiti (perfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
skakanьje (noun-from-verb)
skakati (infinitive)
skakatъ (supine)
skakalъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
skakanъ (participle passive past)
skakajemъ (participle passive present)
skakavъ (active participle past)
skakaję (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
skakaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
skaka (aorist second-person singular)
skaka (aorist singular third-person)
skakajǫ (first-person present singular)
skakaješi (present second-person singular)
skakajetь (present singular third-person)
skakaxově (aorist dual first-person)
skakasta (aorist dual second-person)
skakaste (aorist dual third-person)
skakajevě (dual first-person present)
skakajeta (dual present second-person)
skakajete (dual present third-person)
skakaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
skakaste (aorist plural second-person)
skakašę (aorist plural third-person)
skakajemъ (first-person plural present)
skakajete (plural present second-person)
skakajǫtь (plural present third-person)
skakaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
skakaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
skakaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
skakaji (imperative second-person singular)
skakaji (imperative singular third-person)
skakaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
skakaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
skakaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
skakajivě (dual first-person imperative)
skakajita (dual imperative second-person)
skakaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
skakaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
skakaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
skakajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
skakajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: скакати (skakati)

Old Ruthenian: скакати (skakati)

Belarusian: скака́ць (skakácʹ)

Ukrainian: скака́ти (skakáty)

Russian: скака́ть (skakátʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⱄⰽⰰⰽⰰⱅⰹ (skakati)

Old Cyrillic script: скакати (skakati)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ска́кати

Latin script: skákati

Slovene: skakáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: skákati

Czech: skákat

Old Polish:

Polish: skakać

Old Slovak: skákať

Pannonian Rusyn: скакац (skakac)

Slovak: skákať

Polabian: skokat

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: skakaś

Upper Sorbian: skakać

An elongated ablaut of *skokъ (“leap”) + *-ati. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *skakkōną (“to shake”).


goniti

gonìti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
goňenьje (noun-from-verb)
goniti (infinitive)
gonitъ (supine)
gonilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
goňenъ (participle passive past)
gonimъ (participle passive present)
goňь (active participle past)
gonę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
gonixъ (aorist first-person singular)
goni (aorist second-person singular)
goni (aorist singular third-person)
goňǫ (first-person present singular)
goniši (present second-person singular)
gonitь (present singular third-person)
gonixově (aorist dual first-person)
gonista (aorist dual second-person)
goniste (aorist dual third-person)
gonivě (dual first-person present)
gonita (dual present second-person)
gonite (dual present third-person)
gonixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
goniste (aorist plural second-person)
gonišę (aorist plural third-person)
gonimъ (first-person plural present)
gonite (plural present second-person)
gonętь (plural present third-person)
goňaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
goňaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
goňaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
goni (imperative second-person singular)
goni (imperative singular third-person)
goňaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
goňaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
goňaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gonivě (dual first-person imperative)
gonita (dual imperative second-person)
goňaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
goňaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
goňaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gonimъ (first-person imperative plural)
gonite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гонити (goniti)

Belarusian: гані́ць (hanícʹ) (dialectal)

Russian: гони́ть (gonítʹ) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: гонити (honyty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: гонити (goniti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: го́ня (gónja)

Macedonian: гони (goni)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: го̀нити

Latin script: gòniti

Slovene: gonīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: honiti

Czech: honit

Kashubian: gònic

Polish: gonić

Silesian: gōnić

Slovak: honiť

Slovincian: gônjic

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: honić

Lower Sorbian: góniś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gánīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰon-éye-ti, from *gʷʰen- (“to kill, strike”).
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian ganýti (“to graze, to pasture”), Latvian ganît (“to guard, to pasture”), Lithuanian giñti (“to chase, to drive”) (1sg. genù), also gi̇̀nti (1sg. ginù), Latvian dzìt (“to chase, to drive, to persecute”) (1sg. dzȩnu), Old Prussian guntwei (“to chase, to drive”). Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit हन्ति (hánti, “to strike, to kill”), Avestan 𐬘𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬙𐬌 (jainti), Ancient Greek θείνω (theínō, “to kill”), Albanian gjuaj (“to chase”), Old Irish gonaid (“to injure”).