četa

četa (nominative singular)
četě (dual nominative)
čety (nominative plural)
čety (genitive singular)
četu (dual genitive)
četъ (genitive plural)
četě (dative singular)
četama (dative dual)
četamъ (dative plural)
četǫ (accusative singular)
četě (accusative dual)
čety (accusative plural)
četojǫ (instrumental singular)
četǫ (instrumental singular)
četama (dual instrumental)
četami (instrumental plural)
četě (locative singular)
četu (dual locative)
četasъ (locative plural)
četaxъ (locative plural)
četo (singular vocative)
četě (dual vocative)
čety (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: чета (četa)

Russian: чета́ (četá)

Ukrainian: чота́ (čotá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: чета (četa)

Glagolitic: ⱍⰵⱅⰰ (četa)

Bulgarian: че́та (čéta)

Macedonian: чета (četa)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: че̏та

Latin script: čȅta

Slovene:

West Slavic:

Czech: četa

Slovak: čata

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: csata

Polish: czata

→ Romanian: ceată

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷeteh₂ "pair", from Proto-Indo-European *kʷet- "to fit together".


korbi

korbľà (nominative singular)
kȏrbľi (dual nominative)
kȏrbľę̇ (nominative plural)
korbľę̇́ (genitive singular)
korbľù (dual genitive)
kõrbľь (genitive plural)
korbľì (dative singular)
korbľàma (dative dual)
korbľàmъ (dative plural)
kȏrbľǫ (accusative singular)
kȏrbľi (accusative dual)
kȏrbľę̇ (accusative plural)
korbľejǫ́ (instrumental singular)
korbľàma (dual instrumental)
korbľàmi (instrumental plural)
kȏrbľī (locative singular)
korbľù (dual locative)
korbľàsъ (locative plural)
korbľàxъ (locative plural)
korbľe (singular vocative)
kȏrbľi (dual vocative)
kȏrbľę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: коробиꙗ (korobija)

desc

Old Ruthenian: коробьꙗ (korobʹja), коробꙗ (korobja)

⇒ Belarusian: (dialectal) коробэ́й m (korobéj)

Russian: (dialectal) ко́робья́ (kórobʹjá), коробея́ (korobejá)

Old Novgorodian: коробиꙗ (korobija)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⰽⱃⰰⰱⰻⰻ (krabii)

desctree

Old Cyrillic script: крабии (krabii)
→ Old East Slavic: крабии (krabii)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: крабија

Latin script: krabija

West Slavic:

Old Polish: krobia

Polish: krobia

From *kȏrbъ + *-i. Compare Lithuanian kar̃bija.


žara

žara (nominative singular)
žarě (dual nominative)
žary (nominative plural)
žary (genitive singular)
žaru (dual genitive)
žarъ (genitive plural)
žarě (dative singular)
žarama (dative dual)
žaramъ (dative plural)
žarǫ (accusative singular)
žarě (accusative dual)
žary (accusative plural)
žarojǫ (instrumental singular)
žarǫ (instrumental singular)
žarama (dual instrumental)
žarami (instrumental plural)
žarě (locative singular)
žaru (dual locative)
žarasъ (locative plural)
žaraxъ (locative plural)
žaro (singular vocative)
žarě (dual vocative)
žary (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *жара (*žara)

Old Ruthenian: *жара (*žara)

Belarusian: жара́ (žará)

Ukrainian: жара́ (žará)

Russian: жара́ (žará)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жа́ра

Latin script: žára

Slovene: žara (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Slovak: žiara

ru:Аникин, Александр Евгеньевич


rebro

rebrò (canonical neuter)
rebrò (nominative singular)
rèbrě (dual nominative)
rebrà (nominative plural)
rebrà (genitive singular)
rebrù (dual genitive)
rèbrъ (genitive plural)
rebrù (dative singular)
rebròma (dative dual)
rebròmъ (dative plural)
rebrò (accusative singular)
rèbrě (accusative dual)
rebrà (accusative plural)
rebrъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
rebròmь (instrumental singular)
rebròma (dual instrumental)
rèbry (instrumental plural)
rebrě̀ (locative singular)
rebrù (dual locative)
rèbrěxъ (locative plural)
rebrò (singular vocative)
rèbrě (dual vocative)
rebrà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ребро́ (rebró)

Old Ruthenian: ребро́ (rebró)

Belarusian: рабро́ (rabró)

Ukrainian: ребро́ (rebró)

Russian: ребро́ (rebró)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: ребро (rebro)

Glagolitic script: ⱃⰵⰱⱃⱁ (rebro)

Bulgarian: ребро́ (rebró)

Macedonian: ребро (rebro)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: рѐбро

Latin script: rèbro

Slovene: rébro

West Slavic:

Old Czech: řebro

Czech: žebro

Polabian: rebrü

Old Polish: żebro
Polish: żebro, żebrze (Southern Greater Poland)
Silesian: ziebro

Slovak: rebro

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: żebro

Slovincian: rzêbrô

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: rjobro, rjobło

Upper Sorbian: rjebło

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rébra, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rebʰ-.


greti

gretì (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
grebenьje (noun-from-verb)
greti (infinitive)
gretъ (supine)
greblъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
grebenъ (participle passive past)
grebomъ (participle passive present)
grebъ (active participle past)
greby (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
grebъ (aorist first-person singular)
greboxъ (aorist first-person singular)
grebe (aorist second-person singular)
grebe (aorist singular third-person)
grebǫ (first-person present singular)
grebeši (present second-person singular)
grebetь (present singular third-person)
grebově (aorist dual first-person)
greboxově (aorist dual first-person)
grebeta (aorist dual second-person)
grebosta (aorist dual second-person)
grebete (aorist dual third-person)
greboste (aorist dual third-person)
grebevě (dual first-person present)
grebeta (dual present second-person)
grebete (dual present third-person)
grebomъ (aorist first-person plural)
greboxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
grebete (aorist plural second-person)
greboste (aorist plural second-person)
grebǫ (aorist plural third-person)
grebošę (aorist plural third-person)
grebemъ (first-person plural present)
grebete (plural present second-person)
grebǫtь (plural present third-person)
greběaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
greběaše (imperfect second-person singular)
greběaše (imperfect singular third-person)
grebi (imperative second-person singular)
grebi (imperative singular third-person)
greběaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
greběašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
greběašete (dual imperfect third-person)
greběvě (dual first-person imperative)
greběta (dual imperative second-person)
greběaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
greběašete (imperfect plural second-person)
greběaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
greběmъ (first-person imperative plural)
greběte (imperative plural second-person)

Rick Derksen
cs:Český etymologický slovník

East Slavic:

i

Old East Slavic: грети (greti), грести (gresti) (both attested only from the 14th century)

Belarusian: грэ́бці (hrébci)

Russian: грести́ (grestí)

Ukrainian: гребти́ (hrebtý)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: грети (greti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: греба́ (grebá)

Macedonian: гребе (grebe)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: грѐпсти

Latin script: grèpsti

Slovene: grébsti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desc

Old Czech: hřésti, hřébsti, ⇒ pohřésti, ⇒ pohřbieti

Czech: hřésti (obsolete), hřébsti (obsolete), hřběti (obsolete)

Kashubian: grzebac

⇒ Polabian: pügripst

Polish: grześć (obsolete)

Slovak: hriebsť

From earlier *grebtì, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *grebtei, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrebʰ-. Cognate with Lithuanian grė́bti (“to seize, to rob, to rake”), Latvian grebt (“to seize, to scrape, to excavate”), Sanskrit गृह्णाति (gṛhṇā́ti), गृभ्णाति (gṛbhṇā́ti, “to seize, to hold, to take”), Gothic 𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (graban, “to dig”), English grab. Per Derksen, the acute vowel of Lithuanian grė́bti is analogical after gróbti (“to seize”).
Note the development of the infinitive: *grebtì > *gretì (by regular sound change) > *grestì (by analogy with other consonant-stem verbs, most of which have infinitives in -*sti or -*zti) > *grebstì (by analogy with the stem *greb-, only in some languages).


dělo

dě̀lo (canonical neuter)
dě̀lo (nominative singular)
dě̀lě (dual nominative)
dě̀la (nominative plural)
dě̀la (genitive singular)
dě̀lu (dual genitive)
dě̀lъ (genitive plural)
dě̀lu (dative singular)
dě̀loma (dative dual)
dě̀lomъ (dative plural)
dě̀lo (accusative singular)
dě̀lě (accusative dual)
dě̀la (accusative plural)
dě̀lъmь (instrumental singular)
dě̀lomь (instrumental singular)
dě̀loma (dual instrumental)
dě̀lȳ (instrumental plural)
dě̀lě (locative singular)
dě̀lu (dual locative)
dě̀lě̄xъ (locative plural)
dě̀lo (singular vocative)
dě̀lě (dual vocative)
dě̀la (plural vocative)
dě̀lo (nominative singular)
dě̀lesi (dual nominative)
dě̀lesā (nominative plural)
dě̀lese (genitive singular)
dě̀lesu (dual genitive)
dě̀lesъ (genitive plural)
dě̀lesi (dative singular)
dě̀lesьma (dative dual)
dě̀lesьmъ (dative plural)
dě̀lo (accusative singular)
dě̀lesi (accusative dual)
dě̀lesā (accusative plural)
dě̀lesьmь (instrumental singular)
dě̀lesьma (dual instrumental)
dě̀lesȳ (instrumental plural)
dě̀lese (locative singular)
dě̀lesu (dual locative)
dě̀lesьxъ (locative plural)
dě̀lo (singular vocative)
dě̀lesi (dual vocative)
dě̀lesā (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дѣло (dělo)

Belarusian: дзе́ла (dzjéla)

Carpathian Rusyn: дї́ло (djílo)

→ Pannonian Rusyn: дїло (djilo)

Russian: де́ло (délo)

Ukrainian: ді́ло (dílo)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: дѣло (dělo)

Glagolitic script: ⰴⱑⰾⱁ (dělo)

Bulgarian: де́ло (délo) (Western pronunciation), дя́ло (djálo) (Eastern pronunciation)

Macedonian: де́ло (délo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: де̏ло

Latin script: dȅlo

Slovene: dẹ́lo (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dielo

Czech: dílo (“work”); dělo (“cannon”)

Polabian: ďolü

Old Polish: działo

Polish: dzieło (“work”); działo (“cannon”)

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: dzało

Old Slovak: delo, délo, dielo, dílo

desc

Pannonian Rusyn: дзело (dzelo, “cannon, gun”)

Slovak: dielo (“work”); delo (“cannon”)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: dźěło

Lower Sorbian: źěło

From *děti + *-lo, inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *dḗˀla, formally from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-lom (o-stem) or *dʰeh₁-los (s-stem), an l-derivative from *dʰeh₁- (“to put, to do”). Cognate with Lithuanian padėlỹs, priedėlė̃ (“appendix”).
Superficially also resembles Old Czech děloha (“womb”) (< hypothetical *děloga), which more likely corresponds to Lithuanian dėlė (“leech”), Latvian dēls (“boy”) from related root *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to nurish, to suckle”) (cognate with Latin fīlius (“son”), Ancient Greek θηλή (thēlḗ, “nipple”)).


griva

grìva (canonical feminine)
grìva (nominative singular)
grìvě (dual nominative)
grìvy (nominative plural)
grìvy (genitive singular)
grìvu (dual genitive)
grìvъ (genitive plural)
grìvě (dative singular)
grìvama (dative dual)
grìvamъ (dative plural)
grìvǫ (accusative singular)
grìvě (accusative dual)
grìvy (accusative plural)
grìvojǫ (instrumental singular)
grìvǭ (instrumental singular)
grìvama (dual instrumental)
grìvamī (instrumental plural)
grìvě (locative singular)
grìvu (dual locative)
grìvasъ (locative plural)
grìvaxъ (locative plural)
grìvo (singular vocative)
grìvě (dual vocative)
grìvy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гри́ва (gríva)

Belarusian: гры́ва (hrýva)

Russian: гри́ва (gríva)

Ukrainian: гри́ва (hrýva)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: гри́ва (gríva)

Macedonian: грива (griva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гри̏ва

Latin script: grȉva

Slovene: gríva (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hříva

Czech: hříva

Old Polish: grzywa

Polish: grzywa

Silesian: grziwa

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: grzëwa

Slovak: hriva

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: hriwa

Lower Sorbian: griwa

→ Yiddish: גריווע (grive)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *grī́ˀwāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷriHwéh₂.


čakati

čakanьje (noun-from-verb)
čakati (infinitive)
čakatъ (supine)
čakalъ (l-participle)
čakanъ (participle passive past)
čakajemъ (participle passive present)
čakavъ (active participle past)
čakaję (active participle present)
čakaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
čaka (aorist second-person singular)
čaka (aorist singular third-person)
čakajǫ (first-person present singular)
čakaješi (present second-person singular)
čakajetь (present singular third-person)
čakaxově (aorist dual first-person)
čakasta (aorist dual second-person)
čakaste (aorist dual third-person)
čakajevě (dual first-person present)
čakajeta (dual present second-person)
čakajete (dual present third-person)
čakaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
čakaste (aorist plural second-person)
čakašę (aorist plural third-person)
čakajemъ (first-person plural present)
čakajete (plural present second-person)
čakajǫtь (plural present third-person)
čakaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
čakaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
čakaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
čakaji (imperative second-person singular)
čakaji (imperative singular third-person)
čakaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
čakaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
čakaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
čakajivě (dual first-person imperative)
čakajita (dual imperative second-person)
čakaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
čakaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
čakaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
čakajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
čakajite (imperative plural second-person)
*čekati (alternative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ча́кам (čákam)

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: ча̏kati

Latin script: čȁkati

Slovene: čákati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: čakati

Old Polish: czakać

Silesian: czakać

Slovak: čakať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: cakaś

Upper Sorbian: čakać

Considered by some to be an extension of *čajati.


verti

vertì (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
vьrtьje (noun-from-verb)
verti (infinitive)
vertъ (supine)
vьrlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
vьrtъ (participle passive past)
vьromъ (participle passive present)
vьrъ (active participle past)
vьry (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
verxъ (aorist first-person singular)
ver (aorist second-person singular)
ver (aorist singular third-person)
vьrǫ (first-person present singular)
vьreši (present second-person singular)
vьretь (present singular third-person)
verxově (aorist dual first-person)
versta (aorist dual second-person)
verste (aorist dual third-person)
vьrevě (dual first-person present)
vьreta (dual present second-person)
vьrete (dual present third-person)
verxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
verste (aorist plural second-person)
veršę (aorist plural third-person)
vьremъ (first-person plural present)
vьrete (plural present second-person)
vьrǫtь (plural present third-person)
vьrěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vьrěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vьrěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vьri (imperative second-person singular)
vьri (imperative singular third-person)
vьrěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vьrěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vьrěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vьrěvě (dual first-person imperative)
vьrěta (dual imperative second-person)
vьrěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vьrěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vьrěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vьrěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
vьrěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: вере́ть (verétʹ) (obsolete)

⇒ Russian: вера́ть (verátʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: врѣти (vrěti)

⇒ Romanian: vârî

Bulgarian: вра́ (vrá)

Slovene: vẹ́rti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Polish: wrzeć (“to squeeze, press”)

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wérˀtei, perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wer-.
Slavic may have inherited two synchronic forms from the same root:
* thematic present with fixed accent;
* athematic sigmatic aorist with mobile.


kolęda

kolęda (nominative singular)
kolędě (dual nominative)
kolędy (nominative plural)
kolędy (genitive singular)
kolędu (dual genitive)
kolędъ (genitive plural)
kolędě (dative singular)
kolędama (dative dual)
kolędamъ (dative plural)
kolędǫ (accusative singular)
kolędě (accusative dual)
kolędy (accusative plural)
kolędojǫ (instrumental singular)
kolędǫ (instrumental singular)
kolędama (dual instrumental)
kolędami (instrumental plural)
kolędě (locative singular)
kolędu (dual locative)
kolędasъ (locative plural)
kolędaxъ (locative plural)
kolędo (singular vocative)
kolędě (dual vocative)
kolędy (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: колꙗда (koljada) (Russian)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: колꙗда (koljada)

Belarusian: каляда́ (kaljadá), plural каля́ды (kaljády)

desc

Carpathian Rusyn: (obsolete) коляда (koljada)

⇒ Carpathian Rusyn: колядка (koljadka)

→ Pannonian Rusyn: коляда (koljada)

Russian: коляда́ (koljadá)*, plural коля́ды (koljády)

⇒ Russian: коля́дка (koljádka)*

Ukrainian: коляда́ (koljadá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: колѧда (kolęda)

Bulgarian: Ко́леда (Kóleda), Ко́ленда (Kólenda) (dialectal), Коле́нда (Kolénda) (dialectal)

Macedonian: Коледе (Kolede)

Serbo-Croatian: kòleda, ко̀леда

Slovene: koléda

West Slavic:

Czech: koleda

Kashubian: kòlãda

Old Polish: kolęda

Polish: kolęda

Slovak: koleda

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: kóloda

Non-Slavic

→ Romanian: colindă

→ Lithuanian: Kalė̃dos

Borrowed from Latin kalendae (“calends (first day of month)”).


maca

maca (nominative singular)
maci (dual nominative)
macę̇ (nominative plural)
macę̇ (genitive singular)
macu (dual genitive)
macь (genitive plural)
maci (dative singular)
macama (dative dual)
macamъ (dative plural)
macǫ (accusative singular)
maci (accusative dual)
macę̇ (accusative plural)
macejǫ (instrumental singular)
macǫ (instrumental singular)
macama (dual instrumental)
macami (instrumental plural)
maci (locative singular)
macu (dual locative)
macasъ (locative plural)
macaxъ (locative plural)
mace (singular vocative)
maci (dual vocative)
macę̇ (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ма́ца (máca)

Macedonian: маца (maca)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ма́ца

Latin script: máca

Slovene: muca

→ Albanian: macë

→ Turkish: maçka, maçi

→ Hungarian: macska

→ Greek: μάτσιου (mátsiou)

Likely onomatopoeic.
Compare
German Mieze (“pussy, pussycat, female cat”), Mietzchen (“pussy, kitty”),
French matou (“tomcat”), Albanian mace (“cat”).


širina

širina (nominative singular)
širině (dual nominative)
širiny (nominative plural)
širiny (genitive singular)
širinu (dual genitive)
širinъ (genitive plural)
širině (dative singular)
širinama (dative dual)
širinamъ (dative plural)
širinǫ (accusative singular)
širině (accusative dual)
širiny (accusative plural)
širinojǫ (instrumental singular)
širinǫ (instrumental singular)
širinama (dual instrumental)
širinami (instrumental plural)
širině (locative singular)
širinu (dual locative)
širinasъ (locative plural)
širinaxъ (locative plural)
širino (singular vocative)
širině (dual vocative)
širiny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ширина (širina)

desc

Old Ruthenian: ширина (širina), ширинꙗ (širinja), шерина (šerina)

Belarusian: шырыня́ (šyrynjá); шыры́на (šyrýna) (dialectal)

Carpathian Rusyn: ширина (šyryna)

Ukrainian: ширина́ (šyryná)

Russian: ширина́ (širiná)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ширина̀ (širinà)

Macedonian: ширина (širina)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ширѝна

Latin script: širìna

West Slavic:

Polish: szerzyna (obsolete)


žaloba

žaloba (nominative singular)
žalobě (dual nominative)
žaloby (nominative plural)
žaloby (genitive singular)
žalobu (dual genitive)
žalobъ (genitive plural)
žalobě (dative singular)
žalobama (dative dual)
žalobamъ (dative plural)
žalobǫ (accusative singular)
žalobě (accusative dual)
žaloby (accusative plural)
žalobojǫ (instrumental singular)
žalobǫ (instrumental singular)
žalobama (dual instrumental)
žalobami (instrumental plural)
žalobě (locative singular)
žalobu (dual locative)
žalobasъ (locative plural)
žalobaxъ (locative plural)
žalobo (singular vocative)
žalobě (dual vocative)
žaloby (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: жалоба (žaloba), жꙗлоба (žjaloba)
Old Ruthenian: жало́ба (žalóba), жалу́ба (žalúba), жоло́ба (žolóba)
Belarusian: жало́ба (žalóba)
Carpathian Rusyn: жало́ба (žalóba)
Ukrainian: жало́ба (žalóba)
Russian: жа́лоба (žáloba)

Old Novgorodian: жалоба (žaloba)

South Slavic:

Slovene: žalóba (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: žaloba

Kashubian: žałoba

Polish: żałoba

Slovak: žaloba


polsa

polsà (canonical feminine)
polsà (nominative singular)
pȏlsě (dual nominative)
pȏlsy (nominative plural)
polsý (genitive singular)
polsù (dual genitive)
põlsъ (genitive plural)
polsě̀ (dative singular)
polsàma (dative dual)
polsàmъ (dative plural)
pȏlsǫ (accusative singular)
pȏlsě (accusative dual)
pȏlsy (accusative plural)
polsojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
polsàma (dual instrumental)
polsàmi (instrumental plural)
pȏlsě (locative singular)
polsù (dual locative)
polsàsъ (locative plural)
polsàxъ (locative plural)
polso (singular vocative)
pȏlsě (dual vocative)
pȏlsy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: паласа́ (palasá)

Russian: полоса́ (polosá)

Ukrainian: полоса́ (polosá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: пласа (plasa)

Glagolitic: ⱂⰾⰰⱄⰰ (plasa)

Bulgarian: пла́са (plása)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пла̏са

Latin script: plȁsa

Slovene: plása (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: plasa

Czech: plasa

Polish: płosa

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *palśā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *polḱéh₂. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *falgō.


skočiti

skočìti (canonical perfective)
skakati (imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
skočenьje (noun-from-verb)
skočiti (infinitive)
skočitъ (supine)
skočilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
skočenъ (participle passive past)
skočь (active participle past)
b (accent-paradigm)
skočixъ (aorist first-person singular)
skoči (aorist second-person singular)
skoči (aorist singular third-person)
skočǫ (first-person present singular)
skočiši (present second-person singular)
skočitь (present singular third-person)
skočixově (aorist dual first-person)
skočista (aorist dual second-person)
skočiste (aorist dual third-person)
skočivě (dual first-person present)
skočita (dual present second-person)
skočite (dual present third-person)
skočixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
skočiste (aorist plural second-person)
skočišę (aorist plural third-person)
skočimъ (first-person plural present)
skočite (plural present second-person)
skočętь (plural present third-person)
skoči (imperative second-person singular)
skoči (imperative singular third-person)
skočivě (dual first-person imperative)
skočita (dual imperative second-person)
skočimъ (first-person imperative plural)
skočite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: скочити (skočiti)

Russian: -скочи́ть (-skočítʹ)

Ukrainian: скочи́ти (skočýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: скочити (skočiti)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⰽⱁⱍⰹⱅⰹ (skočiti)

Bulgarian: ско́ча (skóča)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ско̀чити

Latin script: skòčiti

Slovene: skočīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: skočiti

Czech: skočit

Polish: skoczyć

Slovak: skočiť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: skocyś

Upper Sorbian: skočić

From Proto-Indo-European *skok-eye-ti, from *skek-. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *skakaną.


kušati

kùšati (canonical imperfective)
kusnǫti (perfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
kušanьje (noun-from-verb)
kušati (infinitive)
kušatъ (supine)
kušalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
kušanъ (participle passive past)
kušajemъ (participle passive present)
kušavъ (active participle past)
kušaję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
kušaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kuša (aorist second-person singular)
kuša (aorist singular third-person)
kušajǫ (first-person present singular)
kušaješi (present second-person singular)
kušajetь (present singular third-person)
kušaxově (aorist dual first-person)
kušasta (aorist dual second-person)
kušaste (aorist dual third-person)
kušajevě (dual first-person present)
kušajeta (dual present second-person)
kušajete (dual present third-person)
kušaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kušaste (aorist plural second-person)
kušašę (aorist plural third-person)
kušajemъ (first-person plural present)
kušajete (plural present second-person)
kušajǫtь (plural present third-person)
kušaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kušaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kušaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kušaji (imperative second-person singular)
kušaji (imperative singular third-person)
kušaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kušaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kušaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kušajivě (dual first-person imperative)
kušajita (dual imperative second-person)
kušaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kušaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kušaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kušajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kušajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кушати (kušati)

desc

Belarusian: ку́шаць (kúšacʹ), куша́цьца (kušácʹca)

Russian: ку́шать (kúšatʹ), куша́ться (kušátʹsja)

Ukrainian: ку́шати (kúšaty), куштува́ти (kuštuváty)

South Slavic:

⇒ Old Church Slavonic: въкоушати (vŭkušati)

Bulgarian: ку́шам (kúšam) (dialectal)

Macedonian: куша (kuša, “to babble”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ку̏шати

Latin script: kȕšati

Slovene: kúšati

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kušat

Czech: zkoušet

Old Polish: kuszać

Iterative of *kusiti (“to probe, to trail”) + *-jati, of Germanic origin, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵews- (“to test, try”). In Slavic languages where *ǫ > *u, *kušati has merged with native *kǫšati (“to bite off”) (from *kǫsъ (“bite”)).

der

→ (reflexive) (+ *sę) to have a meal, to eat


ače

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: аче (ače)

Old Ruthenian:

Belarusian: ач (ač) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: ач́ (ač́)

Russian: а́че (áče), ач (ač)

Old Novgorodian: аче (aće)

South Slavic:

⇒ Bulgarian: обаче (obače)

Serbo-Croatian: (Old Serbian)

Latin script: ače

Cyrillic script: аче

Slovene: àče (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: ač

Czech: ač

Kashubian: acz

Old Polish: acz

Polish: acz

Slovak: ač

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: ac (obsolete)

Upper Sorbian: hač; ač (dated)


orba

ōrbà (canonical feminine)
ōrbà (nominative singular)
õrbě (dual nominative)
ōrbỳ (nominative plural)
ōrbỳ (genitive singular)
ōrbù (dual genitive)
õrbъ (genitive plural)
ōrbě̀ (dative singular)
ōrbàma (dative dual)
ōrbàmъ (dative plural)
ōrbǫ̀ (accusative singular)
õrbě (accusative dual)
ōrbỳ (accusative plural)
ōrbòjǫ (instrumental singular)
õrbǫ (instrumental singular)
ōrbàma (dual instrumental)
ōrbàmī (instrumental plural)
ōrbě̀ (locative singular)
ōrbù (dual locative)
ōrbàsъ (locative plural)
ōrbàxъ (locative plural)
orbo (singular vocative)
õrbě (dual vocative)
ōrbỳ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: роба (roba)

Old Ruthenian: ро́ба (róba)

Belarusian: ро́ба (róba) (obsolete)

desc

Ukrainian: ро́ба (róba, “a hardworking woman”)

Old Novgorodian: роба (roba)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: раба (raba)

Glagolitic script: ⱃⰰⰱⰰ (raba)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: roba (“female servant or slave, wife”)

Czech: roba (“wife”) (dialectal)

Old Polish: roba (“female servant or slave, wife, disorderly woman, sow”)

Polish: roba (dialectal or obsolete)

Slovak: roba (dialectal)

female equivalent of *õrbъ (“servant, slave”)


vy-

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вꙑ- (vy-)

Old Ruthenian: вы- (vy-)

Belarusian: вы- (vy-)

Ukrainian: ви- (vy-)

Russian: вы- (vy-)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: вꙑ- (vy-)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⱏⰹ- (vy-)

West Slavic:

Czech: vy-

Polabian: voi-

Polish: wy-

Old Slovak: vy-

Pannonian Rusyn: ви- (vi-)

Slovak: vy-

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: wë-

Slovincian: wë-

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wu-

Lower Sorbian: wu-

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ū́, from Proto-Indo-European *úd. The *y < *ū is a result of Winter's law.
Judging by the dictionaries, there is no attested Baltic cognates and adverb/preposition **vy.


sъdorvъ

sъdòrvъ (canonical)
sъdorvъ (masculine nominative singular)
sъdorva (feminine nominative singular)
sъdorvo (neuter nominative singular)
sъdorva (genitive masculine singular)
sъdorvy (feminine genitive singular)
sъdorva (genitive neuter singular)
sъdorvu (dative masculine singular)
sъdorvě (dative feminine singular)
sъdorvu (dative neuter singular)
sъdorvъ (accusative masculine singular)
sъdorvǫ (accusative feminine singular)
sъdorvo (accusative neuter singular)
sъdorvomь (instrumental masculine singular)
sъdorvojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
sъdorvomь (instrumental neuter singular)
sъdorvě (locative masculine singular)
sъdorvě (feminine locative singular)
sъdorvě (locative neuter singular)
sъdorve (masculine singular vocative)
sъdorvo (feminine singular vocative)
sъdorvo (neuter singular vocative)
sъdorva (dual masculine nominative)
sъdorvě (dual feminine nominative)
sъdorvě (dual neuter nominative)
sъdorvu (dual genitive masculine)
sъdorvu (dual feminine genitive)
sъdorvu (dual genitive neuter)
sъdorvoma (dative dual masculine)
sъdorvama (dative dual feminine)
sъdorvoma (dative dual neuter)
sъdorva (accusative dual masculine)
sъdorvě (accusative dual feminine)
sъdorvě (accusative dual neuter)
sъdorvoma (dual instrumental masculine)
sъdorvama (dual feminine instrumental)
sъdorvoma (dual instrumental neuter)
sъdorvu (dual locative masculine)
sъdorvu (dual feminine locative)
sъdorvu (dual locative neuter)
sъdorva (dual masculine vocative)
sъdorvě (dual feminine vocative)
sъdorvě (dual neuter vocative)
sъdorvi (masculine nominative plural)
sъdorvy (feminine nominative plural)
sъdorva (neuter nominative plural)
sъdorvъ (genitive masculine plural)
sъdorvъ (feminine genitive plural)
sъdorvъ (genitive neuter plural)
sъdorvomъ (dative masculine plural)
sъdorvamъ (dative feminine plural)
sъdorvomъ (dative neuter plural)
sъdorvy (accusative masculine plural)
sъdorvy (accusative feminine plural)
sъdorva (accusative neuter plural)
sъdorvy (instrumental masculine plural)
sъdorvami (feminine instrumental plural)
sъdorvy (instrumental neuter plural)
sъdorvěxъ (locative masculine plural)
sъdorvaxъ (feminine locative plural)
sъdorvěxъ (locative neuter plural)
sъdorvi (masculine plural vocative)
sъdorvy (feminine plural vocative)
sъdorva (neuter plural vocative)
sъdorvъjь (masculine nominative singular)
sъdorvaja (feminine nominative singular)
sъdorvoje (neuter nominative singular)
sъdorvajego (genitive masculine singular)
sъdorvyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
sъdorvajego (genitive neuter singular)
sъdorvujemu (dative masculine singular)
sъdorvěji (dative feminine singular)
sъdorvujemu (dative neuter singular)
sъdorvъjь (accusative masculine singular)
sъdorvǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
sъdorvoje (accusative neuter singular)
sъdorvyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
sъdorvǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
sъdorvyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
sъdorvějemь (locative masculine singular)
sъdorvěji (feminine locative singular)
sъdorvějemь (locative neuter singular)
sъdorvъjь (masculine singular vocative)
sъdorvaja (feminine singular vocative)
sъdorvoje (neuter singular vocative)
sъdorvaja (dual masculine nominative)
sъdorvěji (dual feminine nominative)
sъdorvěji (dual neuter nominative)
sъdorvuju (dual genitive masculine)
sъdorvuju (dual feminine genitive)
sъdorvuju (dual genitive neuter)
sъdorvyjima (dative dual masculine)
sъdorvyjima (dative dual feminine)
sъdorvyjima (dative dual neuter)
sъdorvaja (accusative dual masculine)
sъdorvěji (accusative dual feminine)
sъdorvěji (accusative dual neuter)
sъdorvyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
sъdorvyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
sъdorvyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
sъdorvuju (dual locative masculine)
sъdorvuju (dual feminine locative)
sъdorvuju (dual locative neuter)
sъdorvaja (dual masculine vocative)
sъdorvěji (dual feminine vocative)
sъdorvěji (dual neuter vocative)
sъdorviji (masculine nominative plural)
sъdorvyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
sъdorvaja (neuter nominative plural)
sъdorvъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
sъdorvъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
sъdorvъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
sъdorvyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
sъdorvyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
sъdorvyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
sъdorvyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
sъdorvyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
sъdorvaja (accusative neuter plural)
sъdorvyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
sъdorvyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
sъdorvyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
sъdorvyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
sъdorvyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
sъdorvyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
sъdorviji (masculine plural vocative)
sъdorvyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
sъdorvaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: съдоровъ (sŭdorovŭ), здоровъ (zdorovŭ)

Belarusian: здаро́вы (zdaróvy)

desctree

Russian: здоро́вый (zdoróvyj)
→ Yakut: доруобай (doruobay)

Middle Ukrainian: здоровый (zdorovyj)

Carpathian Rusyn: здоро́вый (zdoróvŷj)

Ukrainian: здоро́вий (zdoróvyj)

desc

Old Novgorodian: съторове (sŭtorove), съдорове (sŭdorove), сътрове (sŭtrove)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: съдравъ (sŭdravŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱏⰴⱃⰰⰲⱏ (sŭdravŭ)

Bulgarian: здрав (zdrav)

Macedonian: здрав (zdrav)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: здра̏в

Latin script: zdrȁv

Slovene: zdrȁv (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sdravý

Czech: zdravý

Old Polish: zdrowy

Polish: zdrowy, zdrów

Old Slovak: zdravý

Pannonian Rusyn: здрави (zdravi)

Slovak: zdravý

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: strowy

Lower Sorbian: strowy

By surface analysis, *sъ- (“good”) + *dorv-. The exact origin of the second component *dorv- is uncertain:
* Per Meillet: from *sъ̀dorvъ with accent shifted by Dybo's law, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *súdarwas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-dʰor-wo-, from *h₁su- (“good”) + *dʰer- (“to support, hold”). *dʰ/*dH is required to avoid Winter's law, which is reflected in Lithuanian ū; thus, favored by Derksen over the *h₁su-dor(H)wo- theory below.
** Related to *dьržati and Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰruwás (“firm, fixed”): Persian درود, Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀 (druua, “healthy”) and possibly Proto-Finnic *terveh (“healthy; whole”).
* From Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-dor(H)wo-, from *h₁su- (“well, good”) + *dóru (“tree, wood”).
** Related to *dervo (“tree, wood”), *drъvo (“tree, (pl.) wood”) and Lithuanian sū́drus (“thick, dense”), Sanskrit सुद्रु (sudrú). Further compare Albanian drenjë, dreng (“strong, healthy”), Proto-Germanic *triwwiz (“true”).
Compare Latin rōbustus (< rōbur), German kerngesund (< Kern).


lokati

lokàti (canonical imperfective)
lokanьje (noun-from-verb)
lokati (infinitive)
lokatъ (supine)
lokalъ (l-participle)
lokanъ (participle passive past)
ločemъ (participle passive present)
lokavъ (active participle past)
ločę (active participle present)
lokaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
loka (aorist second-person singular)
loka (aorist singular third-person)
ločǫ (first-person present singular)
ločeši (present second-person singular)
ločetь (present singular third-person)
lokaxově (aorist dual first-person)
lokasta (aorist dual second-person)
lokaste (aorist dual third-person)
ločevě (dual first-person present)
ločeta (dual present second-person)
ločete (dual present third-person)
lokaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
lokaste (aorist plural second-person)
lokašę (aorist plural third-person)
ločemъ (first-person plural present)
ločete (plural present second-person)
ločǫtь (plural present third-person)
lokaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
lokaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
lokaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
loči (imperative second-person singular)
loči (imperative singular third-person)
lokaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
lokaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
lokaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
ločivě (dual first-person imperative)
ločita (dual imperative second-person)
lokaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
lokaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
lokaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
ločimъ (first-person imperative plural)
ločite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: лакати (lakati), локати (lokati) (15th century)

Belarusian: ло́каць (lókacʹ)

Russian: лака́ть (lakátʹ), лока́ть (lokátʹ)

Ukrainian: лока́ти (lokáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: локати (lokati)

Bulgarian: ло́ча (lóča), ло́кам (lókam)

Macedonian: лока (loka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ло̀кати

Latin script: lòkati

Slovene: lọ̄kati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: lokati

Czech: lokat

Old Polish: łokać

Polish: łokać, łakać (dialectal)

Slovak: logať

Slovincian: lôkac

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *lak-. Cognate with Lithuanian làkti (“to lap”), Latvian lakt (“to lap”), Old Armenian լակեմ (lakem, “to lick”). Per Derksen, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *lak-, an assumed expressive or onomatopoeic root with "European *a". Vasmer additionally suggests a possible relationship with Ancient Greek λάπτω (láptō, “to lick”), which Derksen would prefer to trace back to a separate Proto-Indo-European expressive root *lap-.


krojiti

krojìti (canonical)
krojenьje (noun-from-verb)
krojiti (infinitive)
krojitъ (supine)
krojilъ (l-participle)
krojenъ (participle passive past)
krojimъ (participle passive present)
krojь (active participle past)
kroję (active participle present)
krojixъ (aorist first-person singular)
kroji (aorist second-person singular)
kroji (aorist singular third-person)
krojǫ (first-person present singular)
krojiši (present second-person singular)
krojitь (present singular third-person)
krojixově (aorist dual first-person)
krojista (aorist dual second-person)
krojiste (aorist dual third-person)
krojivě (dual first-person present)
krojita (dual present second-person)
krojite (dual present third-person)
krojixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
krojiste (aorist plural second-person)
krojišę (aorist plural third-person)
krojimъ (first-person plural present)
krojite (plural present second-person)
krojętь (plural present third-person)
krojaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
krojaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
krojaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kroji (imperative second-person singular)
kroji (imperative singular third-person)
krojaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
krojaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
krojaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
krojivě (dual first-person imperative)
krojita (dual imperative second-person)
krojaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
krojaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
krojaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
krojimъ (first-person imperative plural)
krojite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кроити (kroiti)

Belarusian: кро́іць (króicʹ)

Russian: крои́ть (kroítʹ, “to cut out”), 1sg. крою́ (krojú), 3sg. крои́т (kroít)

Ukrainian: кро́їти (krójity)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: кроя́ (krojá, “to cut out (a garment), to devise”)

Macedonian: крои (kroi, “to cut out”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кро̀јити (“to cut”), 1sg. кро̀јӣм

Latin: kròjiti (“to cut”), 1sg. kròjīm

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: krojíti (“to cut out, to unstitch, to split, to disrupt”) (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: krojit (“to cut”)

Polabian: krüjĕ (“to cut”, 3sg.)

Old Polish: kroić (“to cut”)

Polish: kroić (“to cut”)

Silesian: krŏć

Slovak: krojiť (“to cut out”) (rare)

Slovincian: krôjic

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: krejić

Other:

desc

Romanian: croi (“to cut out, to tailor”)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *krájīˀtei, from iterative Proto-Indo-European *kroyh₁-eye-ti, from *kroyh₁-, metathesized from *kroh₁y- (analogical after the zero grade, where metathesis is expected), from the root *kreh₁y- (“to sift, to separate”), a root extension of *kreh₁- (alternatively reconstructed as *krey-). Cognate with Lithuanian kriẽti (“to expand, to develop, to spread; to catch fish”) (1sg. krejù), Latvian krijât (“to skin”), and perhaps more distantly with Latin cernō (“to sift, to separate, to distinguish”) < *kri-n-h₁- (perfect crēvī < *kreh₁-), Ancient Greek κρῑ́νω (krī́nō, “to separate, to decide”), Old Irish arachrin (“to perish”), críathar (“sieve”).


storna

stornà (canonical feminine)
stornà (nominative singular)
stȏrně (dual nominative)
stȏrny (nominative plural)
storný (genitive singular)
stornù (dual genitive)
stõrnъ (genitive plural)
storně̀ (dative singular)
stornàma (dative dual)
stornàmъ (dative plural)
stȏrnǫ (accusative singular)
stȏrně (accusative dual)
stȏrny (accusative plural)
stornojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
stornàma (dual instrumental)
stornàmi (instrumental plural)
stȏrně (locative singular)
stornù (dual locative)
stornàsъ (locative plural)
stornàxъ (locative plural)
storno (singular vocative)
stȏrně (dual vocative)
stȏrny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: старана́ (staraná)

Russian: сторона́ (storoná)

Ukrainian: сторона́ (storoná)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: страна (strana)

Glagolitic: ⱄⱅⱃⰰⱀⰰ (strana)

desctree

→ Old East Slavic: страна (strana)
Russian: страна́ (straná)

Bulgarian: страна́ (straná)

Macedonian: страна (strana)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: стра́на

Latin script: strána

Slovene: strán

West Slavic:

Old Czech: strana
Czech: strana

Old Polish: strona
Polish: strona
Silesian: strōna

Slovak: strana

Polabian: stornă

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: strona

Slovincian: strôna

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: strona

Lower Sorbian: strona

From Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃- (“to stretch”) + *-nъ + *-a.


tišina

tišina (nominative singular)
tišině (dual nominative)
tišiny (nominative plural)
tišiny (genitive singular)
tišinu (dual genitive)
tišinъ (genitive plural)
tišině (dative singular)
tišinama (dative dual)
tišinamъ (dative plural)
tišinǫ (accusative singular)
tišině (accusative dual)
tišiny (accusative plural)
tišinojǫ (instrumental singular)
tišinǫ (instrumental singular)
tišinama (dual instrumental)
tišinami (instrumental plural)
tišině (locative singular)
tišinu (dual locative)
tišinasъ (locative plural)
tišinaxъ (locative plural)
tišino (singular vocative)
tišině (dual vocative)
tišiny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: цішыня (cišynja)

Russian: тишина́ (tišiná)

Ukrainian: тишина́ (tyšyná)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: тишина (tišina)

Bulgarian: тишина́ (tišiná)

Macedonian: тишина (tišina)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тишѝна

Latin script: tišìna

Slovene: tišína (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: tišina

Polish: ciszyna (rare)

Silesian: ciszyna

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: ćišina

Lower Sorbian: śišyna


volati

volanьje (noun-from-verb)
volati (infinitive)
volatъ (supine)
volalъ (l-participle)
volanъ (participle passive past)
volajemъ (participle passive present)
volavъ (active participle past)
volaję (active participle present)
volaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
vola (aorist second-person singular)
vola (aorist singular third-person)
volajǫ (first-person present singular)
volaješi (present second-person singular)
volajetь (present singular third-person)
volaxově (aorist dual first-person)
volasta (aorist dual second-person)
volaste (aorist dual third-person)
volajevě (dual first-person present)
volajeta (dual present second-person)
volajete (dual present third-person)
volaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
volaste (aorist plural second-person)
volašę (aorist plural third-person)
volajemъ (first-person plural present)
volajete (plural present second-person)
volajǫtь (plural present third-person)
volaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
volaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
volaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
volaji (imperative second-person singular)
volaji (imperative singular third-person)
volaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
volaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
volaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
volajivě (dual first-person imperative)
volajita (dual imperative second-person)
volaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
volaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
volaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
volajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
volajite (imperative plural second-person)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: wòłac

Slovincian: wôlac

Old Czech: volati

Czech: volat

Old Polish: wołać

Polish: wołać

→ Old Ruthenian: волати (volati)

Belarusian: вала́ць (valácʹ)

Ukrainian: вола́ти (voláty)

Silesian: wołać

Old Slovak: volať

Pannonian Rusyn: волац (volac)

Slovak: volať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wołaś

Upper Sorbian: wołać

Probably cognate with Lithuanian valiúoti (“to shout, to sing”), Latvian valoda (“speech”).


-isko

-isko (nominative singular)
-iscě (dual nominative)
-iska (nominative plural)
-iska (genitive singular)
-isku (dual genitive)
-iskъ (genitive plural)
-isku (dative singular)
-iskoma (dative dual)
-iskomъ (dative plural)
-isko (accusative singular)
-iscě (accusative dual)
-iska (accusative plural)
-iskъmь (instrumental singular)
-iskomь (instrumental singular)
-iskoma (dual instrumental)
-isky (instrumental plural)
-iscě (locative singular)
-isku (dual locative)
-iscěxъ (locative plural)
-isko (singular vocative)
-iscě (dual vocative)
-iska (plural vocative)
*-ovisko (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

Belarusian: ‑іска (‑iska)

desc

Ukrainian: -иско (-ysko), -їсько (-jisʹko)

South Slavic: —

West Slavic:

Czech: -isko

Old Polish: -isko
Polish: -isko

Old Slovak: -isko

Pannonian Rusyn: -иско (-isko)

Slovak: -isko

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: -iskò

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: -isko

Upper Sorbian: -isko

(West Slavic, partially Belarusian and Ukrainian) Alternative form of *-išče

West Slavic; partially Belarusian and Ukrainian; West Slavic; partially Belarusian and Ukrainian


lože

ložè (canonical neuter)
ložè (nominative singular)
lòži (dual nominative)
lòža (nominative plural)
ložà (genitive singular)
ložu (dual genitive)
lòžь (genitive plural)
ložù (dative singular)
ložema (dative dual)
lòžemъ (dative plural)
ložè (accusative singular)
lòži (accusative dual)
lòža (accusative plural)
ložь̀mь (instrumental singular)
ložèmь (instrumental singular)
ložema (dual instrumental)
lòži (instrumental plural)
ložì (locative singular)
ložu (dual locative)
lòžixъ (locative plural)
ložè (singular vocative)
lòži (dual vocative)
lòža (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

⇒ Belarusian: ло́жак (lóžak)

Russian: ло́же (lóže)

Ukrainian: ло́же (lóže)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: ложе (lože)

Glagolitic: ⰾⱁⰶⰵ (lože)

Bulgarian: ло́же (lóže)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ложе

Latin script: lože

Slovene: lọ́žе (obsolete)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: lože

Czech: lože (literary)

Polish: łoże

⇒ Slovak: ložko

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: łоžо

Upper Sorbian: łоžо

From Proto-Indo-European *logʰ-yo-m, from *legʰ- (“to lie down”). Equivalent to *logъ (“base, lair”) + *-je. Cognate with Ancient Greek λόχος (lókhos), Proto-Germanic *lagą.


tebe

jãzъ (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
ty̑ (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
mę̑ (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
tę̑ (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sę̑ (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mȅne (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
tȅbe (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
sȅbe (genitive personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mьně̀ (first-person locative personal pronoun singular)
tebě̀ (locative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sebě̀ (locative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mьně̀ (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
tebě̀ (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
ti (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sebě̀ (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
si (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mъnòjǫ (first-person instrumental personal pronoun singular)
mъnojǫ̀ (first-person instrumental personal pronoun singular)
tobòjǫ (instrumental personal pronoun second-person singular)
tobojǫ̀ (instrumental personal pronoun second-person singular)
sobòjǫ (instrumental personal pronoun reflexive singular)
sobojǫ̀ (instrumental personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mojь (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
tvojь (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
svojь (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular)
vě̑ (dual first-person nominative personal pronoun)
vȃ (dual nominative personal pronoun second-person)
nȃ (accusative dual first-person personal pronoun)
vȃ (accusative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sę̑ (accusative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
nàju (dual first-person genitive personal pronoun)
vàju (dual genitive personal pronoun second-person)
sȅbe (dual genitive personal pronoun reflexive)
nàju (dual first-person locative personal pronoun)
vàju (dual locative personal pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (dual locative personal pronoun reflexive)
nàma (dative dual first-person personal pronoun)
vàma (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
va (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
si (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
nàma (dual first-person instrumental personal pronoun)
vàma (dual instrumental personal pronoun second-person)
sobòjǫ (dual instrumental personal pronoun reflexive)
sobojǫ̀ (dual instrumental personal pronoun reflexive)
našь (dual first-person personal possessive pronoun)
vašь (dual personal possessive pronoun second-person)
svojь (dual personal possessive pronoun reflexive)
my̑ (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
vy̑ (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
ny̑ (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
vy̑ (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sę̑ (accusative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàsъ (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
vàsъ (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
sȅbe (genitive personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàsъ (first-person locative personal plural pronoun)
vàsъ (locative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (locative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàmъ (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
vàmъ (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
si (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàmi (first-person instrumental personal plural pronoun)
vàmi (instrumental personal plural pronoun second-person)
sobòjǫ (instrumental personal plural pronoun reflexive)
sobojǫ̀ (instrumental personal plural pronoun reflexive)
našь (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
vašь (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
svojь (personal plural possessive pronoun reflexive)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: тебе (tebe)

Belarusian: цябе́ (cjabjé) (Possibly blended with Old East Slavic тѧ (tę))

Russian: тебя́ (tebjá) (Possibly blended with Old East Slavic тѧ (tę))

Ukrainian: тебе (tebe)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: тебе (tebe)

Bulgarian: тебе (tebe)

Macedonian: тебе (tebe)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: те̏бе

Latin script: tȅbe

Slovene: tebe

West Slavic:

Czech: tebe

Polish: ciebie

Slovak: teba

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: tebje

Upper Sorbian: tebje

(of) thee, you (singular); genitive of *ty


pa-

East Slavic:

Belarusian: па- (pa-)

Russian: па- (pa-)

Ukrainian: па- (pa-)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: па- (pa-)

Bulgarian: па- (pa-)

Macedonian: па- (pa-)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: па-

Latin script: pa-

Slovene: pa-

West Slavic:

Czech: pa-

Polish: pa-

Slovak: pa-

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pa-

Upper Sorbian: pa-

Cognate with Lithuanian po-.
According to Rejzek (2006) the original meaning was "later, secondary" since the primary evidence for the Slavic words for step-children (*pasynъkъ, *padъťi, *pasьrbъ, *pastorъkъ) is inconclusive.

(Late Common-Slavic or post-Common-Slavic) false, pseudo-


-dlo

-dlo (nominative singular)
-dlě (dual nominative)
-dla (nominative plural)
-dla (genitive singular)
-dlu (dual genitive)
-dlъ (genitive plural)
-dlu (dative singular)
-dloma (dative dual)
-dlomъ (dative plural)
-dlo (accusative singular)
-dlě (accusative dual)
-dla (accusative plural)
-dlъmь (instrumental singular)
-dlomь (instrumental singular)
-dloma (dual instrumental)
-dly (instrumental plural)
-dlě (locative singular)
-dlu (dual locative)
-dlěxъ (locative plural)
-dlo (singular vocative)
-dlě (dual vocative)
-dla (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: -ло (-lo)

Belarusian: -ла (-la) (unstressed), -ло (-lo) (stressed)

Russian: -ло (-lo)

Ukrainian: -ло (-lo)

Old Novgorodian: -ло (-lo)

Old Pskovian: -гло (-glo)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: -ло (-lo)

Glagolitic: -ⰾⱁ (-lo)

Bulgarian: -ло (-lo)

Macedonian: -ло (-lo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -ло

Latin script: -lo

Slovene: -lo

West Slavic:

Old Czech: -dlo

Czech: -dlo

Polabian: -dlü

Old Polish: -dło

Polish: -dło

Slovak: -dlo

Slovincian: -dlô, -lô

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: -dło

Upper Sorbian: -dło

Non-Slavic:

→ Esperanto: -ilo

Ido: -ilo

From Proto-Indo-European *-tlom / *-dʰlom.

žerti (“to eat”) + *-dlo → *gъ̀rdlo (“throat”)

mỳti (“to wash”) + *-dlo → *mỳdlo (“soap”)

šìti (“to sew”) + *-dlo → *šidlo (“awl”)

Forms nouns denoting a tool or instrument

bỳti (“to be”) + *-dlo → *bydlò (“dwelling, abode”)

kǫpàti (“to bathe”) + *-dlo → *kǫpadlo (“bathing place”)

běliti (“to whiten”) + *-dlo → *bělidlo (“whitening place”)

Forms nouns denoting a place of activity


pogoda

pogoda (nominative singular)
pogodě (dual nominative)
pogody (nominative plural)
pogody (genitive singular)
pogodu (dual genitive)
pogodъ (genitive plural)
pogodě (dative singular)
pogodama (dative dual)
pogodamъ (dative plural)
pogodǫ (accusative singular)
pogodě (accusative dual)
pogody (accusative plural)
pogodojǫ (instrumental singular)
pogodǫ (instrumental singular)
pogodama (dual instrumental)
pogodami (instrumental plural)
pogodě (locative singular)
pogodu (dual locative)
pogodasъ (locative plural)
pogodaxъ (locative plural)
pogodo (singular vocative)
pogodě (dual vocative)
pogody (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: погода (pogoda)

Old Ruthenian: пого́да (pohóda)

Belarusian: паго́да (pahóda), пого́да (pohóda)

Ukrainian: пого́да (pohóda)

Russian: пого́да (pogóda)

West Slavic:

Czech: pohoda

Kashubian: pògòda

Old Polish: pogoda

Polish: pogoda

Silesian: pogoda

Slovak: pohoda


regati

regàti (canonical imperfective)
reganьje (noun-from-verb)
regati (infinitive)
regatъ (supine)
regalъ (l-participle)
reganъ (participle passive past)
regajemъ (participle passive present)
regavъ (active participle past)
regaję (active participle present)
regaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
rega (aorist second-person singular)
rega (aorist singular third-person)
regajǫ (first-person present singular)
regaješi (present second-person singular)
regajetь (present singular third-person)
regaxově (aorist dual first-person)
regasta (aorist dual second-person)
regaste (aorist dual third-person)
regajevě (dual first-person present)
regajeta (dual present second-person)
regajete (dual present third-person)
regaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
regaste (aorist plural second-person)
regašę (aorist plural third-person)
regajemъ (first-person plural present)
regajete (plural present second-person)
regajǫtь (plural present third-person)
regaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
regaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
regaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
regaji (imperative second-person singular)
regaji (imperative singular third-person)
regaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
regaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
regaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
regajivě (dual first-person imperative)
regajita (dual imperative second-person)
regaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
regaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
regaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
regajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
regajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ре̏гати

Latin script: rȅgati

Slovene: rẹ̑gati (tonal orthography)

According to Snoj, possibly derived from Proto-Indo-European *wreg- (“to open mouth”) or of imitative origin. Compare further Latvian rēdzêt (“to bark, to sulk”).


-oja

-ojь (masculine)
-oja (nominative singular)
-oji (dual nominative)
-oję̇ (nominative plural)
-oję̇ (genitive singular)
-oju (dual genitive)
-ojь (genitive plural)
-oji (dative singular)
-ojama (dative dual)
-ojamъ (dative plural)
-ojǫ (accusative singular)
-oji (accusative dual)
-oję̇ (accusative plural)
-ojejǫ (instrumental singular)
-ojǫ (instrumental singular)
-ojama (dual instrumental)
-ojami (instrumental plural)
-oji (locative singular)
-oju (dual locative)
-ojasъ (locative plural)
-ojaxъ (locative plural)
-oje (singular vocative)
-oji (dual vocative)
-oję̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *-оꙗ (*-oja)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: -oja

Old Polish: -oja

Polish: -oja

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ajāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *-o-yeh₂, from *-yeh₂. Cognate with Proto-Indo-Iranian *-ayáH.


monisto

monisto (nominative singular)
monistě (dual nominative)
monista (nominative plural)
monista (genitive singular)
monistu (dual genitive)
monistъ (genitive plural)
monistu (dative singular)
monistoma (dative dual)
monistomъ (dative plural)
monisto (accusative singular)
monistě (accusative dual)
monista (accusative plural)
monistъmь (instrumental singular)
monistomь (instrumental singular)
monistoma (dual instrumental)
monisty (instrumental plural)
monistě (locative singular)
monistu (dual locative)
monistěxъ (locative plural)
monisto (singular vocative)
monistě (dual vocative)
monista (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: мони́сто (monísto)

desc

Ukrainian: мони́сто (monýsto), нами́сто (namýsto) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: монисто (monisto)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: мъни́сто (mǎnísto)

Macedonian: монисто (monisto)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: монисто (ecclesiastical)

Latin: monisto

West Slavic:

Polabian: müönéisťа

Cognates include Latin monile (“necklace”), Proto-Germanic *manją (“necklace”), Sanskrit मणि (maṇí, “necklace”).


motyka

motỳka (canonical feminine)
motỳka (nominative singular)
motycě (dual nominative)
motyky (nominative plural)
motyky (genitive singular)
motyku (dual genitive)
motykъ (genitive plural)
motycě (dative singular)
motykama (dative dual)
motykamъ (dative plural)
motykǫ (accusative singular)
motycě (accusative dual)
motyky (accusative plural)
motykojǫ (instrumental singular)
motykǫ (instrumental singular)
motykama (dual instrumental)
motykami (instrumental plural)
motycě (locative singular)
motyku (dual locative)
motykasъ (locative plural)
motykaxъ (locative plural)
motỳko (singular vocative)
motycě (dual vocative)
motyky (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: матыка (matyka)

desctree

Russian: моты́га (motýga), моты́ка (motýka) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Kildin Sami: мотыга (motyga)

Ukrainian: мотика (motyka)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: мотꙑкꙑ (motyky)

Glagolitic script: ⰿⱁⱅⱏⰹⰽⱏⰹ (motyky)

Bulgarian: моти́ка (motíka)

Macedonian: мотика (motika)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мо̀тика

Latin script: mòtika

Slovene: motika

West Slavic:

Old Czech: motyka

Czech: motyka

Moravian (Mistřice): motika

Old Slovak: motyka

Slovak: motyka

Pannonian Rusyn: мотика (motika)

Polish: motyka

From Proto-Indo-European *mot-. Cognate with Latin mateola (“hoe”), Proto-West Germanic *mattjuk (“mattock, plowshare”), Sanskrit मत्य (matyà, “agricultural device, harrow?”).


ruxo

ruxo (nominative singular)
ruśě (dual nominative)
ruxa (nominative plural)
ruxa (genitive singular)
ruxu (dual genitive)
ruxъ (genitive plural)
ruxu (dative singular)
ruxoma (dative dual)
ruxomъ (dative plural)
ruxo (accusative singular)
ruśě (accusative dual)
ruxa (accusative plural)
ruxъmь (instrumental singular)
ruxomь (instrumental singular)
ruxoma (dual instrumental)
ruxy (instrumental plural)
ruśě (locative singular)
ruxu (dual locative)
ruśěxъ (locative plural)
ruxo (singular vocative)
ruśě (dual vocative)
ruxa (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: рухо (ruxo)

Old Ruthenian: ру́хо (rúxo)

Russian: ру́хо (rúxo)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: роухо (ruxo)

Glagolitic script: ⱃⱆⱈⱁ (ruxo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ру̏хо

Latin script: rȕho

Slovene: rúhо (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: roucho

Old Polish: rucho

Polish: rucho (obsolete)

Slovak: rúcho

be:Генадзь Апанасавіч Цыхун


kolda

kòlda (canonical feminine)
kòlda (nominative singular)
kòldě (dual nominative)
kòldy (nominative plural)
kòldy (genitive singular)
kòldu (dual genitive)
kòldъ (genitive plural)
kòldě (dative singular)
kòldama (dative dual)
kòldamъ (dative plural)
kòldǫ (accusative singular)
kòldě (accusative dual)
kòldy (accusative plural)
kòldojǫ (instrumental singular)
kòldǭ (instrumental singular)
kòldama (dual instrumental)
kòldamī (instrumental plural)
kòldě (locative singular)
kòldu (dual locative)
kòldasъ (locative plural)
kòldaxъ (locative plural)
kòldo (singular vocative)
kòldě (dual vocative)
kòldy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: кало́да (kalóda)

Russian: коло́да (kolóda)

Ukrainian: коло́да (kolóda)

→ Lithuanian: kaladė

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: глада (glada, “block”)

Bulgarian: кла́да (kláda)

Macedonian: клада (klada)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кла̏да

Latin script: klȁda

Slovene: kláda (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kláda

Czech: kláda

Moravian (Mistřice): ku̯ada

Polabian: klådă

Old Polish: kłoda
Polish: kłoda

Slovak: klada

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kłóda

Lower Sorbian: kłoda

According to Derksen, inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kálˀdāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *kold-eh₂; cognate with Proto-Germanic *hultą (“wood”) and Ancient Greek κλάδος (kládos, “branch, shoot”). Ultimately may be from the root of *kolti, from PIE *kelh₂- (“to beat, chop, hew”).
The /ɡ/ of Old Church Slavonic глада (glada) is perhaps modified to resemble гладъкъ (gladŭkŭ, “smooth; even”), гладити (gladiti, “to stroke; to smooth, polish”), or otherwise unexplained.


vama

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вама (vama)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: вама (vama)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ва̏ма

Latin script: vȁma

Slovene: vama

West Slavic:

Kashubian: wama

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wama

Upper Sorbian: wamaj


tisa

tìsa (canonical feminine)
tìsa (nominative singular)
tìsě (dual nominative)
tìsy (nominative plural)
tìsy (genitive singular)
tìsu (dual genitive)
tìsъ (genitive plural)
tìsě (dative singular)
tìsama (dative dual)
tìsamъ (dative plural)
tìsǫ (accusative singular)
tìsě (accusative dual)
tìsy (accusative plural)
tìsojǫ (instrumental singular)
tìsǭ (instrumental singular)
tìsama (dual instrumental)
tìsamī (instrumental plural)
tìsě (locative singular)
tìsu (dual locative)
tìsasъ (locative plural)
tìsaxъ (locative plural)
tìso (singular vocative)
tìsě (dual vocative)
tìsy (plural vocative)


kroma

krōmà (canonical feminine)
*kromъ (alternative)
kromà (nominative singular)
kròmě (dual nominative)
kromỳ (nominative plural)
kromỳ (genitive singular)
kromù (dual genitive)
kròmъ (genitive plural)
kromě̀ (dative singular)
kromàma (dative dual)
kromàmъ (dative plural)
kromǫ̀ (accusative singular)
kròmě (accusative dual)
kromỳ (accusative plural)
kromòjǫ (instrumental singular)
kròmǫ (instrumental singular)
kromàma (dual instrumental)
kromàmī (instrumental plural)
kromě̀ (locative singular)
kromù (dual locative)
kromàsъ (locative plural)
kromàxъ (locative plural)
kromo (singular vocative)
kròmě (dual vocative)
kromỳ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кромъ m (kromŭ)

desc

⇒ Belarusian: акро́м (akróm), акрамя́ (akramjá)

⇒ Carpathian Rusyn: крум (krum), кроми (kromy)

Russian: крома́ (kromá, “barrier”) (dialectal)

⇒ Russian: кро́мка (krómka) (diminutive)

⇒ Russian: кро́ме (króme), окро́ме (okróme), окромя́ (okromjá)

Ukrainian: кро́ма (króma, “barrier”)

⇒ Ukrainian: крім (krim), окрі́м (okrím)

South Slavic:

⇒ Old Church Slavonic: кромѣ (kromě)

⇒ Bulgarian: кро́ме (króme) (dated)

Serbo-Croatian:

⇒ Cyrillic script: кроме, кромје

⇒ Latin script: krome, kromje

West Slavic:

⇒ Czech: krom, kromě

Polish: kroma (“slice of bread”)

⇒ Polish: kromka (diminutive)

⇒ Polish: krom, okrom

Slovincian: króma

Slovak: krom, krem (dated)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kroma (“end”)

Lower Sorbian: kšoma (“end”)

Likely from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krem-, an extension of *(s)ker- (“to cut”). Akin to German Schramme (“scratch”), possibly Ancient Greek κρημνός (krēmnós, “river bank”).


riza

riza (nominative singular)
rizě (dual nominative)
rizy (nominative plural)
rizy (genitive singular)
rizu (dual genitive)
rizъ (genitive plural)
rizě (dative singular)
rizama (dative dual)
rizamъ (dative plural)
rizǫ (accusative singular)
rizě (accusative dual)
rizy (accusative plural)
rizojǫ (instrumental singular)
rizǫ (instrumental singular)
rizama (dual instrumental)
rizami (instrumental plural)
rizě (locative singular)
rizu (dual locative)
rizasъ (locative plural)
rizaxъ (locative plural)
rizo (singular vocative)
rizě (dual vocative)
rizy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: риза (riza)

Belarusian: рíза (ríza)

Russian: ри́за (ríza)

Ukrainian: ри́за (rýza)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: риза (riza)

Bulgarian: ри́за (ríza)

Macedonian: риза (riza)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ри́за

Latin script: ríza

West Slavic:

Old Czech: říza, hříza

Czech: říza

→ Old Polish: rzyza

Slovak: ríza


smola

smolà (canonical feminine)
smolà (nominative singular)
smòlě (dual nominative)
smolỳ (nominative plural)
smolỳ (genitive singular)
smolù (dual genitive)
smòlъ (genitive plural)
smolě̀ (dative singular)
smolàma (dative dual)
smolàmъ (dative plural)
smolǫ̀ (accusative singular)
smòlě (accusative dual)
smolỳ (accusative plural)
smolòjǫ (instrumental singular)
smòlǫ (instrumental singular)
smolàma (dual instrumental)
smolàmī (instrumental plural)
smolě̀ (locative singular)
smolù (dual locative)
smolàsъ (locative plural)
smolàxъ (locative plural)
smolo (singular vocative)
smòlě (dual vocative)
smolỳ (plural vocative)

East Slavic: смола (smola)

desc

Belarusian: смала́ (smalá), смоль (smolʹ)

Russian: смола́ (smolá), смоль (smolʹ)

Ukrainian: смола́ (smolá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: смола (smola)

Glagolitic: ⱄⰿⱁⰾⰰ (smola)

Bulgarian: смола́ (smolá)

Macedonian: смола (smola)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: смо̀ла

Latin script: smòla

Slovene: smóla (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: smola, smóla

Czech: smola, smůla

Moravian (Mistřice): smou̯a

Polabian: smölă

Old Polish: smoła

Polish: smoła

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: smòła

Old Slovak:

Pannonian Rusyn: смола (smola)

Slovak: smola

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: smoła

Lower Sorbian: smóła

Other:

Lithuanian: smalà

Latvian: smala

Romanian: smoală

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *smelāˀ, *smаlāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *smel- (: *smol-).
Baltic cognates include Latvian smeļi (“resinous logs”), Lithuanian smė̃lа, smelà (“resin”), smil̃kti (“to smoke slightly”), smilkýti (“to fume”).
Indo-European cognates include Low German smelen, Middle English smolder, Proto-West Germanic *smallijan (“to glow, burn, smoulder”), Middle Irish *smāl- : *smōl-.


či

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: чи (či)

Old Ruthenian: чи (či), чы (čy)

Belarusian: ці (ci)

Ukrainian: чи (čy)

Russian: чи (či) (dialectal)

Old Novgorodian: ци (ći)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Church Slavonic: чи (či)

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: či, če

Cyrillic script: чи, че

Slovene: če, čì

West Slavic:

Old Czech: či
Czech: či

desctree

Old Polish: czy
Polish: czy
Silesian: czy, czi

Old Slovak: či

Pannonian Rusyn: чи (či)

Slovak: či

Polabian: cĕ

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: czë

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷíh₁, initially instrumental singular of pronoun *kʷo-/*kʷe-; compare Latin quī (“how? why?”), Avestan 𐬗𐬌𐬱 (ciš), Old Saxon hwi.


žila

žìla (canonical feminine)
žìla (nominative singular)
žìlě (dual nominative)
žìly (nominative plural)
žìly (genitive singular)
žìlu (dual genitive)
žìlъ (genitive plural)
žìlě (dative singular)
žìlama (dative dual)
žìlamъ (dative plural)
žìlǫ (accusative singular)
žìlě (accusative dual)
žìly (accusative plural)
žìlojǫ (instrumental singular)
žìlǭ (instrumental singular)
žìlama (dual instrumental)
žìlamī (instrumental plural)
žìlě (locative singular)
žìlu (dual locative)
žìlasъ (locative plural)
žìlaxъ (locative plural)
žìlo (singular vocative)
žìlě (dual vocative)
žìly (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: жила (žila)

Belarusian: жы́ла (žýla)

Russian: жи́ла (žíla)

Ukrainian: жи́ла (žýla)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: жила (žila)

Glagolitic: ⰶⰹⰾⰰ (žila)

Bulgarian: жи́ла (žíla)

Macedonian: жи́ла (žíla)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жи̏ла

Latin script: žȉla

Slovene: žíla (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: žíla

Czech: žíla

Moravian (Mistřice): žiu̯a

Kashubian: żëła

Old Polish: żyła

Polish: żyła

Slovak: žila

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: žyła

Upper Sorbian: žiła

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gī́ˀšlāˀ, cognate with Lithuanian gýsla (“vein”), Latvian dzîsla (“vein”) and the second part of Old Prussian pette-gislo (“back vein”). An earlier reflex *žixla may have been the origin of derivatives such as dial. Russian жихля́ть (žixljátʹ, “to sway, to lurch”) (parallel to Lithuanian gýslioti (“to tow, to flex, to contract”)).
There are two theories for Indo-European origin:
* from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰíH(s)leh₂, with cognates Old Armenian ջիլ (ǰil, “sinew”), Latin filum (“thread”).
* from *gʷiH-, akin to Sanskrit जिया (jiyā́), ज्या (jyā́, “bow-string”), Ancient Greek βιός (biós, “bow-string, tendon”).
Derksen and Snoj favor the former option, due to the presence of medial *-l-. De Vaan notes that the former is a *-sleh₂-extension of the latter, so the word is from the same root either way.

žilavъ*žilavica ()*žilavika

pliable, flexile; tensile, flexible stick

žilavъka*žilavostь ()*žilovьcь

flexile grass, thistle, or shrub; pliability, flexability


starina

starina (nominative singular)
starině (dual nominative)
stariny (nominative plural)
stariny (genitive singular)
starinu (dual genitive)
starinъ (genitive plural)
starině (dative singular)
starinama (dative dual)
starinamъ (dative plural)
starinǫ (accusative singular)
starině (accusative dual)
stariny (accusative plural)
starinojǫ (instrumental singular)
starinǫ (instrumental singular)
starinama (dual instrumental)
starinami (instrumental plural)
starině (locative singular)
starinu (dual locative)
starinasъ (locative plural)
starinaxъ (locative plural)
starino (singular vocative)
starině (dual vocative)
stariny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Russian: старина́ (stariná)
→ Finnish: tarina
→ Veps: starin

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: старина́ (stariná)

Macedonian: старина (starina)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: старѝна

Latin script: starìna

Slovene: starína (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Polish: starzyna


starica

starica (nominative singular)
starici (dual nominative)
staricę̇ (nominative plural)
staricę̇ (genitive singular)
staricu (dual genitive)
staricь (genitive plural)
starici (dative singular)
staricama (dative dual)
staricamъ (dative plural)
staricǫ (accusative singular)
starici (accusative dual)
staricę̇ (accusative plural)
staricejǫ (instrumental singular)
staricǫ (instrumental singular)
staricama (dual instrumental)
staricami (instrumental plural)
starici (locative singular)
staricu (dual locative)
staricasъ (locative plural)
staricaxъ (locative plural)
starice (singular vocative)
starici (dual vocative)
staricę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: ста́рица (stárica)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: стари́ца (staríca)

Macedonian: старица (starica)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ста̏рица

Latin script: stȁrica

Slovene: staríca (tonal orthography)


puščati

puščanьje (noun-from-verb)
puščati (infinitive)
puščatъ (supine)
puščalъ (l-participle)
puščanъ (participle passive past)
puščajemъ (participle passive present)
puščavъ (active participle past)
puščaję (active participle present)
puščaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
pušča (aorist second-person singular)
pušča (aorist singular third-person)
puščajǫ (first-person present singular)
puščaješi (present second-person singular)
puščajetь (present singular third-person)
puščaxově (aorist dual first-person)
puščasta (aorist dual second-person)
puščaste (aorist dual third-person)
puščajevě (dual first-person present)
puščajeta (dual present second-person)
puščajete (dual present third-person)
puščaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
puščaste (aorist plural second-person)
puščašę (aorist plural third-person)
puščajemъ (first-person plural present)
puščajete (plural present second-person)
puščajǫtь (plural present third-person)
puščaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
puščaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
puščaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
puščaji (imperative second-person singular)
puščaji (imperative singular third-person)
puščaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
puščaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
puščaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
puščajivě (dual first-person imperative)
puščajita (dual imperative second-person)
puščaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
puščaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
puščaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
puščajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
puščajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: пущати (puščati)

desc

Old Ruthenian: пущати (puščati), пусчати (pusčati)

Russian: пуща́ть (puščátʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: пу́щам (púštam)

Macedonian: пушта (pušta)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пу́штати

Latin script: púštati

Slovene: púščati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: púščěti

Czech: pouštět

Old Polish: puszczać

Polish: puszczać

Silesian: puszczać

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: puszczac

Slovincian: puszczac

Slovak: púšťať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: pušćeć

Lower Sorbian: pušćaś


sukno

sūknò (canonical neuter)
*sukňa (alternative)
sūknò (nominative singular)
sũkně (dual nominative)
sūknà (nominative plural)
sūknà (genitive singular)
sūknù (dual genitive)
sũknъ (genitive plural)
sūknù (dative singular)
sūknòma (dative dual)
sūknòmъ (dative plural)
sūknò (accusative singular)
sũkně (accusative dual)
sūknà (accusative plural)
sūknъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
sūknòmь (instrumental singular)
sūknòma (dual instrumental)
sũkny (instrumental plural)
sūkně̀ (locative singular)
sūknù (dual locative)
sũkněxъ (locative plural)
sūknò (singular vocative)
sũkně (dual vocative)
sūknà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сукъно (sukŭno)

Belarusian: сукно́ (suknó)

Russian: сукно́ (suknó)

Ukrainian: сукно́ (suknó)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: соукъно (sukŭno)

Bulgarian: сукно́ (suknó), dial. су́кно (súkno)

Macedonian: сукно (sukno)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: су́кно

Latin script: súkno

Slovene: suknò (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: sukno

Polabian: sauknĕ

Polish: sukno

Slovak: sukno

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: sukno

Upper Sorbian: sukno

From *sukati (“to wrap, to weave”) + *-no.


suša

suša (nominative singular)
suši (dual nominative)
sušę̇ (nominative plural)
sušę̇ (genitive singular)
sušu (dual genitive)
sušь (genitive plural)
suši (dative singular)
sušama (dative dual)
sušamъ (dative plural)
sušǫ (accusative singular)
suši (accusative dual)
sušę̇ (accusative plural)
sušejǫ (instrumental singular)
sušǫ (instrumental singular)
sušama (dual instrumental)
sušami (instrumental plural)
suši (locative singular)
sušu (dual locative)
sušasъ (locative plural)
sušaxъ (locative plural)
suše (singular vocative)
suši (dual vocative)
sušę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: су́ша (súša, “dry land”)

Ukrainian: су́ша (súša)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: суша (suša)

Bulgarian: су́ша (súša)

Macedonian: суша (suša)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: су̑ша

Latin script: sȗša

Slovene: súša (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: súšě

Czech: souš (“dry land”)

Kashubian: suszô

Polish: susza

Slovak: súš (“dry land”)

Pannonian Rusyn: суша (suša)

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: zushë


dola

dola (nominative singular)
dolě (dual nominative)
doly (nominative plural)
doly (genitive singular)
dolu (dual genitive)
dolъ (genitive plural)
dolě (dative singular)
dolama (dative dual)
dolamъ (dative plural)
dolǫ (accusative singular)
dolě (accusative dual)
doly (accusative plural)
dolojǫ (instrumental singular)
dolǫ (instrumental singular)
dolama (dual instrumental)
dolami (instrumental plural)
dolě (locative singular)
dolu (dual locative)
dolasъ (locative plural)
dolaxъ (locative plural)
dolo (singular vocative)
dolě (dual vocative)
doly (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Church Slavonic: дола (dola) (Bulgarian, Serbian recension)

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *dál(j)āˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *delh₁- (“to split, divide”). Cognate with Lithuanian dalà.

der

South Slavic form of *doľa (“share, lot; fate”)


mamiti

mamìti (canonical)
mamľenьje (noun-from-verb)
mamiti (infinitive)
mamitъ (supine)
mamilъ (l-participle)
mamľenъ (participle passive past)
mamimъ (participle passive present)
mamľь (active participle past)
mamę (active participle present)
mamixъ (aorist first-person singular)
mami (aorist second-person singular)
mami (aorist singular third-person)
mamľǫ (first-person present singular)
mamiši (present second-person singular)
mamitь (present singular third-person)
mamixově (aorist dual first-person)
mamista (aorist dual second-person)
mamiste (aorist dual third-person)
mamivě (dual first-person present)
mamita (dual present second-person)
mamite (dual present third-person)
mamixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mamiste (aorist plural second-person)
mamišę (aorist plural third-person)
mamimъ (first-person plural present)
mamite (plural present second-person)
mamętь (plural present third-person)
mamľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mamľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mamľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
mami (imperative second-person singular)
mami (imperative singular third-person)
mamľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mamľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mamľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mamivě (dual first-person imperative)
mamita (dual imperative second-person)
mamľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mamľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mamľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mamimъ (first-person imperative plural)
mamite (imperative plural second-person)
*maniti (alternative)

Church Slavonic: мамити (mamiti), манити (maniti)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: манити (maniti) (16th century)

Belarusian: мані́ць (manícʹ)

Russian: мани́ть (manítʹ)

Ukrainian: мани́ти (manýty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ма́мя (mámja), ма́ня (mánja) (dialectal)

Macedonian: мами (mami)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ма́мити, ма́нити (dialectal)

Latin: mámiti. mániti (dialectal)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: mamīti, mámiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mámiti

Czech: mámit

Polish: mamić, (dialectal) manić

Slovak: mamiť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: mamiś, maniś

* Per Derksen, *mamiti is from *mȃmъ (“deceit”) + *-iti, from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂-mo-, from the root *(s)meh₂- that also underlies Proto-Slavic *majati (“to wave, to beckon”), *mavati (“to wave, to beckon”), *māxàti (“to wave”). See *majati for further etymology. Derksen believes (following a theory of Van Wijk) that the synonymous verb *maniti developed from *mamiti by dissimilation, under the influence of *manǫti (“to beckon”), and that the Baltic cognates Lithuanian mõnyti (“to practice sorcery”), Latvian mãnît (“to deceive, to mislead”) are both borrowings from Slavic.
* Vasmer agrees that Lithuanian mõnyti is a Slavic borrowing but believes that Latvian mãnît is an inherited form. He notes but does not endorse Van Wijk's theory that *maniti is a dissimilated form. He agrees with Derksen that the underlying Proto-Indo-European root is the same as *majati, and adds as cognates Sanskrit माया (māyā́, “magic power, deceit, illusion”), Avestan 𐬨𐬁𐬌𐬌𐬁- (māiiā-), Old High German mein (“lying, deceitful”), Old Norse mein (“damage, unhappiness”), Ancient Greek μῖμος (mîmos, “deceit, focus, magician”). (Derksen instead links Old High German mein with Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to change”); see *měniti (“to change”).)
* Trubachev basically agrees with Vasmer, and derives *maniti from *manъ (“deceit, hallucination?”), from the same root *(s)meh₂-.


xmara

xmàra (canonical feminine)
xmara (nominative singular)
xmàrě (dual nominative)
xmàry (nominative plural)
xmàry (genitive singular)
xmàru (dual genitive)
xmàrъ (genitive plural)
xmàrě (dative singular)
xmàrama (dative dual)
xmàramъ (dative plural)
xmàrǫ (accusative singular)
xmàrě (accusative dual)
xmàry (accusative plural)
xmàrojǫ (instrumental singular)
xmàrǭ (instrumental singular)
xmàrama (dual instrumental)
xmàramī (instrumental plural)
xmàrě (locative singular)
xmàru (dual locative)
xmàrasъ (locative plural)
xmàraxъ (locative plural)
xmàro (singular vocative)
xmàrě (dual vocative)
xmàry (plural vocative)
*xmura (alternative)

East Slavic:

desc

Belarusian: хма́ра (xmára), хмуры́на (xmurýna)

Russian: хма́ра (xmára), хму́ра (xmúra) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: хма́ра (xmára), хму́ра (xmúra)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тмо̀ра (possibly)

Latin script: tmòra (possibly)

West Slavic:

Czech: chmara, chmoura

Polish: chmara, chmura

Old Slovak: chmára, chmúra

Pannonian Rusyn: хмара (xmara)

Slovak: chmúra

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: khmura

Lower Sorbian: chmura

Uncertain:
* Per Vasmer, Trubachev (ESSJa): From contamination of original *xmura and *para (“vapor”) or *mara (“dusk, illusion, mirage”). The former is sometimes compared with Ancient Greek ἀμαυρός (amaurós, “dark, dull”).
* Per Gudkov (EIRJa): From dissimilation of an earlier *tьmora/*tьmara → *kmara → *xmara, cognate with Proto-Slavic *tьma (“darkness”).
* If the original meaning of the word was more concerned with the shape rather than with the hue of the cloud (as in English cloud < Old English clūd (“boulder, rocky mass”)), then possibly from an ō-grade of Proto-Indo-European *kh₂mer- (“to curve, to distort”). Compare Ancient Greek κᾰμᾰ́ρᾱ (kămắrā, “vault, heap, mass”).

cog

incoherent mass → swarm (of insects), covey (of birds), crowd (of people)


pluti

plùti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
plutьje (noun-from-verb)
pluti (infinitive)
plutъ (supine)
plulъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
plutъ (participle passive past)
plovomъ (participle passive present)
pluvъ (active participle past)
plovy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
pluxъ (aorist first-person singular)
plu (aorist second-person singular)
plu (aorist singular third-person)
plovǫ (first-person present singular)
ploveši (present second-person singular)
plovetь (present singular third-person)
pluxově (aorist dual first-person)
plusta (aorist dual second-person)
pluste (aorist dual third-person)
plovevě (dual first-person present)
ploveta (dual present second-person)
plovete (dual present third-person)
pluxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pluste (aorist plural second-person)
plušę (aorist plural third-person)
plovemъ (first-person plural present)
plovete (plural present second-person)
plovǫtь (plural present third-person)
plověaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
plověaše (imperfect second-person singular)
plověaše (imperfect singular third-person)
plovi (imperative second-person singular)
plovi (imperative singular third-person)
plověaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
plověašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
plověašete (dual imperfect third-person)
plověvě (dual first-person imperative)
plověta (dual imperative second-person)
plověaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
plověašete (imperfect plural second-person)
plověaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
plověmъ (first-person imperative plural)
plověte (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

desc

Old Cyrillic script: плоу (plu, 3sg aorist)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⰾⱆ (plu)

Bulgarian: плу́вам (plúvam)

Serbo-Croatian: (obsolete)

Cyrillic script: плу̏ти

Latin script: plȕti

Slovene: plúti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: plúti

Czech: plout

Polabian: plaut

Slovak: pluť

Non-Slavic:

Romanian: pluti

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *plauˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₃(w)-.


zola

zolà (canonical feminine)
zolà (nominative singular)
zȍlě (dual nominative)
zȍly (nominative plural)
zolý (genitive singular)
zolù (dual genitive)
zòlъ (genitive plural)
zolě̀ (dative singular)
zolàma (dative dual)
zolàmъ (dative plural)
zȍlǫ (accusative singular)
zȍlě (accusative dual)
zȍly (accusative plural)
zolojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
zolàma (dual instrumental)
zolàmi (instrumental plural)
zȍlě (locative singular)
zolù (dual locative)
zolàsъ (locative plural)
zolàxъ (locative plural)
zolo (singular vocative)
zȍlě (dual vocative)
zȍly (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: зала́ (zalá)

Russian: зола́ (zolá, “ashes”)

Ukrainian: зола́ (zolá, “ashes”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: зола (zola)

→ Romanian: zoale (“dirt”)

Bulgarian: зола́ (zolá) (dated)

West Slavic:

Czech: zola

Old Polish: zoła

Slovak: zola

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: zoła

Upper Sorbian: zoło

→ Romanian: zoaie (“dishwater, hogwash”) (possibly)

Uncertain, formally identical to the root of Proto-Slavic *nazola (“anguish, spite”), *zoliti (“to irritate”), which seem akin to Lithuanian žalà (“damage, harm”), Latvian zàlba (“damage, wound, scar”) and Proto-Germanic *gallō (“gall, poison”). Both Derksen (explicitly) and Vasmer (implicitly) relate these terms with Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“green, yellow”), adding as a cognate Ancient Greek χολή (kholḗ, “bile”).
Alternatively, possibly related to Ancient Greek γελῶ (gelô, “glimmer”), Ancient Greek γαλήνος (galḗnos, “still, calm, serene”) from Proto-Indo-European *ǵelH-.
Georgiev also considers connection with Proto-Germanic *kulą (“coal”), Sanskrit ज्वलति (jvalati, “to blaze”) which however are from Proto-Indo-European *ǵwelH- (“to burn, to shine”) - formally incompatible with (proper) Proto-Slavic *zola.


okolina

okolina (nominative singular)
okolině (dual nominative)
okoliny (nominative plural)
okoliny (genitive singular)
okolinu (dual genitive)
okolinъ (genitive plural)
okolině (dative singular)
okolinama (dative dual)
okolinamъ (dative plural)
okolinǫ (accusative singular)
okolině (accusative dual)
okoliny (accusative plural)
okolinojǫ (instrumental singular)
okolinǫ (instrumental singular)
okolinama (dual instrumental)
okolinami (instrumental plural)
okolině (locative singular)
okolinu (dual locative)
okolinasъ (locative plural)
okolinaxъ (locative plural)
okolino (singular vocative)
okolině (dual vocative)
okoliny (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: околина (okolina)

Glagolitic script: ⱁⰽⱁⰾⰻⱀⰰ (okolina)

Bulgarian: око́лина (okólina)

Macedonian: околина (okolina)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: околѝна

Latin script: okolìna

West Slavic:

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wokolina

Lower Sorbian: wokolina


kopriva

*kropiva (alternative)
kopriva (nominative singular)
koprivě (dual nominative)
koprivy (nominative plural)
koprivy (genitive singular)
koprivu (dual genitive)
koprivъ (genitive plural)
koprivě (dative singular)
koprivama (dative dual)
koprivamъ (dative plural)
koprivǫ (accusative singular)
koprivě (accusative dual)
koprivy (accusative plural)
koprivojǫ (instrumental singular)
koprivǫ (instrumental singular)
koprivama (dual instrumental)
koprivami (instrumental plural)
koprivě (locative singular)
koprivu (dual locative)
koprivasъ (locative plural)
koprivaxъ (locative plural)
koprivo (singular vocative)
koprivě (dual vocative)
koprivy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: кропива (kropiva), крапива (krapiva)

Belarusian: крапіва́ (krapivá), but dialectally also крапі́ва (krapíva)

Russian: крапи́ва (krapíva)

Ukrainian: кропива́ (kropyvá), but dialectally also кропи́ва (kropýva)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: коприва (kopriva)

Glagolitic script: ⰽⱁⱂⱃⰻⰲⰰ (kopriva)

Bulgarian: копри́ва (kopríva), dial. покри́ва (pokríva)

Macedonian: ко́прива (kópriva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ко̀прива

Latin script: kòpriva

Slovene: kopríva, formerly dialectally also kropíva

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kopřiva

Czech: kopřiva

Polabian: ťüpraivă

desctree

Old Polish: pokrzywa, koprzywa
Polish: pokrzywa
→ Yiddish: פּאָקשיווע (pokshive), פּאָקזשיווע (pokzhive)

Old Slovak: kopriwa

Slovak: kopriva (dialectal)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kopřiwa

Lower Sorbian: kopśiwa

By surface *koprъ (“dill”) + *-ivъ + *-a, probably from the original sense steaming, scalding found in the root *kopněti (“to melt (for snow), to hope”), *kypěti (“to boil up”), because of the burning feel on the human skin on touch of this plant. For similar semantic development, compare dial. Czech žeřica (“nettle”) (from Proto-Slavic *žarъ (“embers”)), German Brennnessel (“nettle”) (from German brennen (“to burn”)), Dutch brandnetel from branden (“to burn”), Latin ūrtīca from ūrere (“to burn”). Unlikely from the sense aroma applied in *koprъ and attested in the related lemmas Lithuanian kvãpas (“aroma”), Lithuanian kvėpti (“to smell, to breath”), since nettle does not have any particular smell.
A secondary reason of the relation to *koprъ (“dill”) may be the use of both as a food supplement.
The form *kropiva to which some forms point is modelled after *kropiti (“to besprinkle”) conceiving the crop’s conspicuous manner of distribution.


lasica

East Slavic:

desc

Belarusian: ла́сіца (lásica), ла́ска (láska)

Russian: ла́сица (lásica) dialectally, standard ла́ска (láska)

→ Komi-Zyrian: ласича (laśića)

Ukrainian: ла́сиця (lásycja), ла́ска (láska)

South Slavic:

Macedonian: ласица (lasica)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ла̀сица

Latin script: làsica

West Slavic:

Old Czech: lasicě

Czech: lasice, dialectally laska

Polish: łasica, also łaska

Slovak: lasica, dialectally laska

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: łasyca, dialectally łaska

Upper Sorbian: lastwička (archaic)


kleveta

kleveta (nominative singular)
klevetě (dual nominative)
klevety (nominative plural)
klevety (genitive singular)
klevetu (dual genitive)
klevetъ (genitive plural)
klevetě (dative singular)
klevetama (dative dual)
klevetamъ (dative plural)
klevetǫ (accusative singular)
klevetě (accusative dual)
klevety (accusative plural)
klevetojǫ (instrumental singular)
klevetǫ (instrumental singular)
klevetama (dual instrumental)
klevetami (instrumental plural)
klevetě (locative singular)
klevetu (dual locative)
klevetasъ (locative plural)
klevetaxъ (locative plural)
kleveto (singular vocative)
klevetě (dual vocative)
klevety (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: клевета (kleveta)

Ukrainian: клевета (kleveta)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: клевета (kleveta)

Glagolitic script: ⰽⰾⰵⰲⰵⱅⰰ (kleveta)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: клѐвета

Latin script: klèveta

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kleveta

Czech: kleveta

Slovak: klebeta

Of uncertain provenance.
Vasmer connects it with *kľьvati (“to peck, pick (of a bird)”). However, Trubachev proposes a better comparison with dialectal Czech kleviti (se) (“to gossip”) and Arkhangelsk dialectal Russian клевить (klevitʹ, “to tease, pester”).


delto

dēltò (canonical neuter)
dēltò (nominative singular)
dẽltě (dual nominative)
dēltà (nominative plural)
dēltà (genitive singular)
dēltù (dual genitive)
dẽltъ (genitive plural)
dēltù (dative singular)
dēltòma (dative dual)
dēltòmъ (dative plural)
dēltò (accusative singular)
dẽltě (accusative dual)
dēltà (accusative plural)
dēltъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
dēltòmь (instrumental singular)
dēltòma (dual instrumental)
dẽlty (instrumental plural)
dēltě̀ (locative singular)
dēltù (dual locative)
dẽltěxъ (locative plural)
dēltò (singular vocative)
dẽltě (dual vocative)
dēltà (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: длето́ (dletó), для́то (dljáto) (dialectal)

Macedonian: дле́то (dléto)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дле́то / длијѐто / длије́то

Latin script: dléto / dlijèto / dlijéto

Slovene: dlẹ́to (tonal orthography)


sijati

*sьjati (alternative)
a (accent-paradigm)
sětьje (noun-from-verb)
sijati (infinitive)
sijatъ (supine)
sělъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
sěvъ (active participle past)
sěję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
sěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sě (aorist second-person singular)
sě (aorist singular third-person)
sějǫ (first-person present singular)
sěješi (present second-person singular)
sějetь (present singular third-person)
sěxově (aorist dual first-person)
sěsta (aorist dual second-person)
sěste (aorist dual third-person)
sějevě (dual first-person present)
sějeta (dual present second-person)
sějete (dual present third-person)
sěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sěste (aorist plural second-person)
sěšę (aorist plural third-person)
sějemъ (first-person plural present)
sějete (plural present second-person)
sějǫtь (plural present third-person)
sěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sěji (imperative second-person singular)
sěji (imperative singular third-person)
sěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sějivě (dual first-person imperative)
sějita (dual imperative second-person)
sěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sějite (imperative plural second-person)
a (accent-paradigm)
sijanьje (noun-from-verb)
sijati (infinitive)
sijatъ (supine)
sijalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
sijavъ (active participle past)
sijaję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
sijaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sija (aorist second-person singular)
sija (aorist singular third-person)
sijajǫ (first-person present singular)
sijaješi (present second-person singular)
sijajetь (present singular third-person)
sijaxově (aorist dual first-person)
sijasta (aorist dual second-person)
sijaste (aorist dual third-person)
sijajevě (dual first-person present)
sijajeta (dual present second-person)
sijajete (dual present third-person)
sijaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sijaste (aorist plural second-person)
sijašę (aorist plural third-person)
sijajemъ (first-person plural present)
sijajete (plural present second-person)
sijajǫtь (plural present third-person)
sijaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sijaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sijaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sijaji (imperative second-person singular)
sijaji (imperative singular third-person)
sijaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sijaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sijaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sijajivě (dual first-person imperative)
sijajita (dual imperative second-person)
sijaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sijaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sijaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sijajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sijajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сиꙗти (sijati)

Belarusian: ззяць (zzjacʹ)

Russian: сия́ть (sijátʹ)

Ukrainian: ся́яти (sjájaty), ся́ти (sjáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сиꙗти (sijati)

Glagolitic script: [Term?]

Bulgarian: сия́я (sijája), осе́я (oséja)

Macedonian: сјае (sjae)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сѝјати, сја̏ти

Latin script: sìjati, sjȁti

Slovene: sijáti

West Slavic:

Kashubian: sëjac (“illuminate”)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₁y- (“to shine”), related to Proto-Germanic *skīnaną (“to shine”), Proto-Germanic *skīmarōną (“to shimmer”). Both root thematic and secondary stative conjugation in *-jati are attested, with no difference in meaning.


saditi

sadìti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
saďenьje (noun-from-verb)
saditi (infinitive)
saditъ (supine)
sadilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
saďenъ (participle passive past)
sadimъ (participle passive present)
saďь (active participle past)
sadę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
sadixъ (aorist first-person singular)
sadi (aorist second-person singular)
sadi (aorist singular third-person)
saďǫ (first-person present singular)
sadiši (present second-person singular)
saditь (present singular third-person)
sadixově (aorist dual first-person)
sadista (aorist dual second-person)
sadiste (aorist dual third-person)
sadivě (dual first-person present)
sadita (dual present second-person)
sadite (dual present third-person)
sadixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sadiste (aorist plural second-person)
sadišę (aorist plural third-person)
sadimъ (first-person plural present)
sadite (plural present second-person)
sadętь (plural present third-person)
saďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
saďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
saďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sadi (imperative second-person singular)
sadi (imperative singular third-person)
saďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
saďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
saďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sadivě (dual first-person imperative)
sadita (dual imperative second-person)
saďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
saďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
saďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sadimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sadite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: садити (saditi)

Belarusian: садзі́ць (sadzícʹ)

Russian: сади́ть (sadítʹ)

Ukrainian: сади́ти (sadýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: садити (saditi)

Glagolitic: ⱄⰰⰴⰻⱅⰻ (saditi)

Bulgarian: садя́ (sadjá)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: са́дити, 1sg. са̑дӣм

Latin: sáditi, 1sg. sȃdīm

Slovene: sadíti (tonal orthography), 1sg. sadím (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: saditi

Czech: sadit

Polish: sadzić

Slovak: sadiť

Pannonian Rusyn: садзиц (sadzic)

Polabian: sodĕt

Slovincian: sadzëc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: sadźić

Lower Sorbian: sajźiś

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: sădi

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sōdī́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *sodéyeti, causative of *sed- (“to sit”). Baltic cognates include Lithuanian sodi̇̀nti (“to set, to plant”), Old Prussian saddinna (“sets”, 3sg.) (i.e. sadina). Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit सादयति (sādáyati, “to set”), Proto-Germanic *satjaną.