prędati

prę̀dati (canonical)
a (accent-paradigm)
prędanьje (noun-from-verb)
prędati (infinitive)
prędatъ (supine)
prędalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
prędanъ (participle passive past)
prędajemъ (participle passive present)
prędavъ (active participle past)
prędaję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
prędaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
pręda (aorist second-person singular)
pręda (aorist singular third-person)
prędajǫ (first-person present singular)
prędaješi (present second-person singular)
prędajetь (present singular third-person)
prędaxově (aorist dual first-person)
prędasta (aorist dual second-person)
prędaste (aorist dual third-person)
prędajevě (dual first-person present)
prędajeta (dual present second-person)
prędajete (dual present third-person)
prędaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
prędaste (aorist plural second-person)
prędašę (aorist plural third-person)
prędajemъ (first-person plural present)
prędajete (plural present second-person)
prędajǫtь (plural present third-person)
prędaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
prędaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
prędaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
prędaji (imperative second-person singular)
prędaji (imperative singular third-person)
prędaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
prędaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
prędaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
prędajivě (dual first-person imperative)
prędajita (dual imperative second-person)
prędaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
prędaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
prędaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
prędajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
prędajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

Russian: пря́дать (prjádatʹ) (dated, regional)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: преда́ (predá); пре́ндам (préndam), пре́нда (prénda) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пре̏дати

Latin script: prȅdati

Slovene: predáti (tonal orthography)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)prend-. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *sprintaną (“to jump up; bounce”) (whence Old Norse spretta).


pьkъlъ

pьkъ̀lъ (canonical masculine)
*pьkъlo (alternative)
*pьcьlъ (alternative)
pьkъ̀lъ (nominative singular)
pьkъlà (dual nominative)
pьkъlì (nominative plural)
pьkъlà (genitive singular)
pьkъlù (dual genitive)
pьkъ̀lъ (genitive plural)
pьkъlù (dative singular)
pьkъlòma (dative dual)
pьkъlòmъ (dative plural)
pьkъ̀lъ (accusative singular)
pьkъlà (accusative dual)
pьkъlỳ (accusative plural)
pьkъlъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
pьkъlòmь (instrumental singular)
pьkъlòma (dual instrumental)
pьkъ̀ly (instrumental plural)
pьkъlě̀ (locative singular)
pьkъlù (dual locative)
pьkъ̀lěxъ (locative plural)
pьkъle (singular vocative)
pьkъlà (dual vocative)
pьkъlì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: пькълъ (pĭkŭlŭ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

desc

Old Cyrillic script: пькълъ (pĭkŭlŭ), пьклъ (pĭklŭ), пьцьлъ (pĭcĭlŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⱐⰽⱏⰾⱏ (pĭkŭlŭ)

Bulgarian: пъ́къл (pǎ́kǎl); пе́кол (pékol), пъке́л (pǎkél), пъкя́л (pǎkjál) (dialectal)

Macedonian: пе́кол (pékol)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: па̀као

Latin script: pàkao

Slovene: pəkə̀ł (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Polish: piekieł, pkieł

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: pâclă (“fog, mud”)

→ Hungarian: pokol

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *píkis, *píkulas, possibly borrowed from Germanic or Latin. Cognate with Old Prussian pyculs (“hell”) (possibly a Polish borrowing) and akin to Latvian piķis (“pitch”), Lithuanian pi̇̀kis (“pitch”) (sometimes considered Germanic borrowings); Ancient Greek πίσσα (píssa, “pitch”), Latin pix (“pitch”).
Most modern descendants reflect meaning “hell, inferno”. This is a semantic loan from cognate Old High German peh (“pitch; misfortune, damnation”).


prosinьcь

prosìnьcь (canonical masculine)
prosìnьcь (nominative singular)
prosìnьca (dual nominative)
prosìnьci (nominative plural)
prosìnьca (genitive singular)
prosìnьcu (dual genitive)
prosìnьcь (genitive plural)
prosìnьcu (dative singular)
prosìnьcema (dative dual)
prosìnьcēmъ (dative plural)
prosìnьcь (accusative singular)
prosìnьca (accusative dual)
prosìnьcę̇ (accusative plural)
prosìnьcьmь (instrumental singular)
prosìnьcemь (instrumental singular)
prosìnьcema (dual instrumental)
prosìnьcī (instrumental plural)
prosìnьci (locative singular)
prosìnьcu (dual locative)
prosìnьcīxъ (locative plural)
prosìnьče (singular vocative)
prosìnьca (dual vocative)
prosìnьci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

desc

Russian: про́синец (prósinec, “January”) (archaic)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: просиньць (prosinĭcĭ, “January”)

unspecified script:

Bulgarian: просинец (prosinec, “January”) (archaic)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: про̀синац (“December”)

Latin script: pròsinac (“December”)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: prosȋnec (“January”) (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: prosinec (“December”)

Slovak: prosinec (“December”) (archaic)

From *pro- + an element *sinьcь of unclear origin. Multiple theories exist:
* From *sijati (“to shine, glow”) referring to the winter solstice. This appears to be the most commonly accepted theory.
* From *siňь (“gray”) because of the darkness of December nights.
* Christian sources derive it from *prositi (“to pray”) referring to Christmas.

first month after Winter solstice (corresponds to December or January)


sirъ

sȋrъ (canonical)
sirъ (masculine nominative singular)
sira (feminine nominative singular)
siro (neuter nominative singular)
sira (genitive masculine singular)
siry (feminine genitive singular)
sira (genitive neuter singular)
siru (dative masculine singular)
sirě (dative feminine singular)
siru (dative neuter singular)
sirъ (accusative masculine singular)
sirǫ (accusative feminine singular)
siro (accusative neuter singular)
siromь (instrumental masculine singular)
sirojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
siromь (instrumental neuter singular)
sirě (locative masculine singular)
sirě (feminine locative singular)
sirě (locative neuter singular)
sire (masculine singular vocative)
siro (feminine singular vocative)
siro (neuter singular vocative)
sira (dual masculine nominative)
sirě (dual feminine nominative)
sirě (dual neuter nominative)
siru (dual genitive masculine)
siru (dual feminine genitive)
siru (dual genitive neuter)
siroma (dative dual masculine)
sirama (dative dual feminine)
siroma (dative dual neuter)
sira (accusative dual masculine)
sirě (accusative dual feminine)
sirě (accusative dual neuter)
siroma (dual instrumental masculine)
sirama (dual feminine instrumental)
siroma (dual instrumental neuter)
siru (dual locative masculine)
siru (dual feminine locative)
siru (dual locative neuter)
sira (dual masculine vocative)
sirě (dual feminine vocative)
sirě (dual neuter vocative)
siri (masculine nominative plural)
siry (feminine nominative plural)
sira (neuter nominative plural)
sirъ (genitive masculine plural)
sirъ (feminine genitive plural)
sirъ (genitive neuter plural)
siromъ (dative masculine plural)
siramъ (dative feminine plural)
siromъ (dative neuter plural)
siry (accusative masculine plural)
siry (accusative feminine plural)
sira (accusative neuter plural)
siry (instrumental masculine plural)
sirami (feminine instrumental plural)
siry (instrumental neuter plural)
sirěxъ (locative masculine plural)
siraxъ (feminine locative plural)
sirěxъ (locative neuter plural)
siri (masculine plural vocative)
siry (feminine plural vocative)
sira (neuter plural vocative)
sirъjь (masculine nominative singular)
siraja (feminine nominative singular)
siroje (neuter nominative singular)
sirajego (genitive masculine singular)
siryję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
sirajego (genitive neuter singular)
sirujemu (dative masculine singular)
sirěji (dative feminine singular)
sirujemu (dative neuter singular)
sirъjь (accusative masculine singular)
sirǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
siroje (accusative neuter singular)
siryjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
sirǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
siryjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
sirějemь (locative masculine singular)
sirěji (feminine locative singular)
sirějemь (locative neuter singular)
sirъjь (masculine singular vocative)
siraja (feminine singular vocative)
siroje (neuter singular vocative)
siraja (dual masculine nominative)
sirěji (dual feminine nominative)
sirěji (dual neuter nominative)
siruju (dual genitive masculine)
siruju (dual feminine genitive)
siruju (dual genitive neuter)
siryjima (dative dual masculine)
siryjima (dative dual feminine)
siryjima (dative dual neuter)
siraja (accusative dual masculine)
sirěji (accusative dual feminine)
sirěji (accusative dual neuter)
siryjima (dual instrumental masculine)
siryjima (dual feminine instrumental)
siryjima (dual instrumental neuter)
siruju (dual locative masculine)
siruju (dual feminine locative)
siruju (dual locative neuter)
siraja (dual masculine vocative)
sirěji (dual feminine vocative)
sirěji (dual neuter vocative)
siriji (masculine nominative plural)
siryję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
siraja (neuter nominative plural)
sirъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
sirъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
sirъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
siryjimъ (dative masculine plural)
siryjimъ (dative feminine plural)
siryjimъ (dative neuter plural)
siryję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
siryję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
siraja (accusative neuter plural)
siryjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
siryjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
siryjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
siryjixъ (locative masculine plural)
siryjixъ (feminine locative plural)
siryjixъ (locative neuter plural)
siriji (masculine plural vocative)
siryję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
siraja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сиръ (sirŭ), сирꙑи (siryi)

Russian: си́рый (síryj) (archaic)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сиръ (sirŭ)

unspecified script:

West Slavic:

Czech: sirý (literary)

Polabian: sarĕ

Slovak: sirý

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śeiras, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱey-rós. Cognate with Lithuanian šeirỹs (“widower”), Sanskrit शयु (śayú, “orphan”).


kologъ

kologъ (nominative singular)
kologa (dual nominative)
kolodzi (nominative plural)
kologa (genitive singular)
kologu (dual genitive)
kologъ (genitive plural)
kologu (dative singular)
kologoma (dative dual)
kologomъ (dative plural)
kologъ (accusative singular)
kologa (accusative dual)
kology (accusative plural)
kologъmь (instrumental singular)
kologomь (instrumental singular)
kologoma (dual instrumental)
kology (instrumental plural)
kolodzě (locative singular)
kologu (dual locative)
kolodzěxъ (locative plural)
kolože (singular vocative)
kologa (dual vocative)
kolodzi (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: кологъ (kologŭ, “Yule”)

Bulgarian: колог (kolog, “Yule”) (archaic)

Macedonian: коложег (koložeg, “January”) (archaic)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ко̏ложег (“January”) (archaic)

Latin script: kȍložegъ (“January”) (archaic)


smaliti

smaľenьje (noun-from-verb)
smaliti (infinitive)
smalitъ (supine)
smalilъ (l-participle)
smaľenъ (participle passive past)
smalimъ (participle passive present)
smaľь (active participle past)
smalę (active participle present)
smalixъ (aorist first-person singular)
smali (aorist second-person singular)
smali (aorist singular third-person)
smaľǫ (first-person present singular)
smališi (present second-person singular)
smalitь (present singular third-person)
smalixově (aorist dual first-person)
smalista (aorist dual second-person)
smaliste (aorist dual third-person)
smalivě (dual first-person present)
smalita (dual present second-person)
smalite (dual present third-person)
smalixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
smaliste (aorist plural second-person)
smališę (aorist plural third-person)
smalimъ (first-person plural present)
smalite (plural present second-person)
smalętь (plural present third-person)
smaľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
smaľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
smaľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
smali (imperative second-person singular)
smali (imperative singular third-person)
smaľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
smaľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
smaľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
smalivě (dual first-person imperative)
smalita (dual imperative second-person)
smaľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
smaľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
smaľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
smalimъ (first-person imperative plural)
smalite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *смалити (*smaliti)

Old Ruthenian: *смали́ти (*smalíti)

Belarusian: смалі́ць (smalícʹ)

Ukrainian: смали́ти (smalýty)

Russian: сма́лить (smálitʹ)

West Slavic:

Polish: smalić

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: smaliś

Upper Sorbian: smalić


dobľь

dòbľь (canonical)
dobľь (masculine nominative singular)
dobľa (feminine nominative singular)
dobľe (neuter nominative singular)
dobľa (genitive masculine singular)
dobľę̇ (feminine genitive singular)
dobľa (genitive neuter singular)
dobľu (dative masculine singular)
dobľi (dative feminine singular)
dobľu (dative neuter singular)
dobľь (accusative masculine singular)
dobľǫ (accusative feminine singular)
dobľe (accusative neuter singular)
dobľemь (instrumental masculine singular)
dobľejǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
dobľemь (instrumental neuter singular)
dobľi (locative masculine singular)
dobľi (feminine locative singular)
dobľi (locative neuter singular)
dobľu (masculine singular vocative)
dobľe (feminine singular vocative)
dobľe (neuter singular vocative)
dobľa (dual masculine nominative)
dobľi (dual feminine nominative)
dobľi (dual neuter nominative)
dobľu (dual genitive masculine)
dobľu (dual feminine genitive)
dobľu (dual genitive neuter)
dobľema (dative dual masculine)
dobľama (dative dual feminine)
dobľema (dative dual neuter)
dobľa (accusative dual masculine)
dobľi (accusative dual feminine)
dobľi (accusative dual neuter)
dobľema (dual instrumental masculine)
dobľama (dual feminine instrumental)
dobľema (dual instrumental neuter)
dobľu (dual locative masculine)
dobľu (dual feminine locative)
dobľu (dual locative neuter)
dobľa (dual masculine vocative)
dobľi (dual feminine vocative)
dobľi (dual neuter vocative)
dobľi (masculine nominative plural)
dobľę̇ (feminine nominative plural)
dobľa (neuter nominative plural)
dobľь (genitive masculine plural)
dobľь (feminine genitive plural)
dobľь (genitive neuter plural)
dobľemъ (dative masculine plural)
dobľamъ (dative feminine plural)
dobľemъ (dative neuter plural)
dobľę̇ (accusative masculine plural)
dobľę̇ (accusative feminine plural)
dobľa (accusative neuter plural)
dobľi (instrumental masculine plural)
dobľami (feminine instrumental plural)
dobľi (instrumental neuter plural)
dobľixъ (locative masculine plural)
dobľaxъ (feminine locative plural)
dobľixъ (locative neuter plural)
dobľi (masculine plural vocative)
dobľę̇ (feminine plural vocative)
dobľa (neuter plural vocative)
dobľьjь (masculine nominative singular)
dobľaja (feminine nominative singular)
dobľeje (neuter nominative singular)
dobľajego (genitive masculine singular)
dobľę̇ję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
dobľajego (genitive neuter singular)
dobľujemu (dative masculine singular)
dobľiji (dative feminine singular)
dobľujemu (dative neuter singular)
dobľьjь (accusative masculine singular)
dobľǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
dobľeje (accusative neuter singular)
dobľijimь (instrumental masculine singular)
dobľǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
dobľijimь (instrumental neuter singular)
dobľijemь (locative masculine singular)
dobľiji (feminine locative singular)
dobľijemь (locative neuter singular)
dobľьjь (masculine singular vocative)
dobľaja (feminine singular vocative)
dobľeje (neuter singular vocative)
dobľaja (dual masculine nominative)
dobľiji (dual feminine nominative)
dobľiji (dual neuter nominative)
dobľuju (dual genitive masculine)
dobľuju (dual feminine genitive)
dobľuju (dual genitive neuter)
dobľijima (dative dual masculine)
dobľijima (dative dual feminine)
dobľijima (dative dual neuter)
dobľaja (accusative dual masculine)
dobľiji (accusative dual feminine)
dobľiji (accusative dual neuter)
dobľijima (dual instrumental masculine)
dobľijima (dual feminine instrumental)
dobľijima (dual instrumental neuter)
dobľuju (dual locative masculine)
dobľuju (dual feminine locative)
dobľuju (dual locative neuter)
dobľaja (dual masculine vocative)
dobľiji (dual feminine vocative)
dobľiji (dual neuter vocative)
dobľiji (masculine nominative plural)
dobľę̇ję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
dobľaja (neuter nominative plural)
dobľьjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
dobľьjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
dobľьjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
dobľijimъ (dative masculine plural)
dobľijimъ (dative feminine plural)
dobľijimъ (dative neuter plural)
dobľę̇ję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
dobľę̇ję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
dobľaja (accusative neuter plural)
dobľijimi (instrumental masculine plural)
dobľijimi (feminine instrumental plural)
dobľijimi (instrumental neuter plural)
dobľijixъ (locative masculine plural)
dobľijixъ (feminine locative plural)
dobľijixъ (locative neuter plural)
dobľiji (masculine plural vocative)
dobľę̇ję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
dobľaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: до́бль (dóblĭ)

Russian: до́блий (dóblij) (archaic)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: добл҄ь (doblʹĭ)

Bulgarian: доблен (doblen) (archaic)

Slovene: dóbelj

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₂ebʰ- (“to model, fashion”).


dobrina

dobrina (nominative singular)
dobrině (dual nominative)
dobriny (nominative plural)
dobriny (genitive singular)
dobrinu (dual genitive)
dobrinъ (genitive plural)
dobrině (dative singular)
dobrinama (dative dual)
dobrinamъ (dative plural)
dobrinǫ (accusative singular)
dobrině (accusative dual)
dobriny (accusative plural)
dobrinojǫ (instrumental singular)
dobrinǫ (instrumental singular)
dobrinama (dual instrumental)
dobrinami (instrumental plural)
dobrině (locative singular)
dobrinu (dual locative)
dobrinasъ (locative plural)
dobrinaxъ (locative plural)
dobrino (singular vocative)
dobrině (dual vocative)
dobriny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: добрина́ (dobriná)

Ukrainian: добрина́ (dobryná)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: добрина (dobrina)

Bulgarian: добрина (dobrina)

Macedonian: добрина (dobrina)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: добрѝна

Latin script: dobrìna

Slovene: dobrína

West Slavic:

Czech: dobřina

From *dobrъ (“good”) + *-ina. In South Slavic, the term has merged with the name of the proto-Slavic deity of Virtue *dobryni (“excellence”).


dobľestь

dobľestь (nominative singular)
dobľesti (genitive singular)
dobľesti (dative singular)
dobľestь (accusative singular)
dobľestьjǫ (instrumental singular)
dobľesti (locative singular)
dobľesti (singular vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

desc

Old Cyrillic script: доблѥсть (dobljestĭ)

Glagolitic script: [Term?]

Bulgarian: доблест (doblest)

Macedonian: доблест (doblest)

Slovene: dobljȇst (“capability”)

From *dobľь (“noble, brave, honest”) + *-estь (“-ness”).


dvignǫti

dvigati (imperfective)
dviženьje (noun-from-verb)
dvignǫti (infinitive)
dvignǫtъ (supine)
dviglъ (l-participle)
dviženъ (participle passive past)
dvigъ (active participle past)
dvigъ (aorist first-person singular)
dvigoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dviže (aorist second-person singular)
dviže (aorist singular third-person)
dvignǫ (first-person present singular)
dvigneši (present second-person singular)
dvignetь (present singular third-person)
dvigově (aorist dual first-person)
dvigoxově (aorist dual first-person)
dvigeta (aorist dual second-person)
dvigosta (aorist dual second-person)
dvigete (aorist dual third-person)
dvigoste (aorist dual third-person)
dvignevě (dual first-person present)
dvigneta (dual present second-person)
dvignete (dual present third-person)
dvigomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dvigoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dvigete (aorist plural second-person)
dvigoste (aorist plural second-person)
dvigǫ (aorist plural third-person)
dvigošę (aorist plural third-person)
dvignemъ (first-person plural present)
dvignete (plural present second-person)
dvignǫtь (plural present third-person)
dvigni (imperative second-person singular)
dvigni (imperative singular third-person)
dvigněvě (dual first-person imperative)
dvigněta (dual imperative second-person)
dvigněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
dvigněte (imperative plural second-person)
dvignovenьje (noun-from-verb)
dvignǫti (infinitive)
dvignǫtъ (supine)
dvignǫlъ (l-participle)
dvignovenъ (participle passive past)
dvignǫvъ (active participle past)
dvignǫxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dvignǫ (aorist second-person singular)
dvignǫ (aorist singular third-person)
dvignǫ (first-person present singular)
dvigneši (present second-person singular)
dvignetь (present singular third-person)
dvignǫxově (aorist dual first-person)
dvignǫsta (aorist dual second-person)
dvignǫste (aorist dual third-person)
dvignevě (dual first-person present)
dvigneta (dual present second-person)
dvignete (dual present third-person)
dvignǫxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dvignǫste (aorist plural second-person)
dvignǫšę (aorist plural third-person)
dvignemъ (first-person plural present)
dvignete (plural present second-person)
dvignǫtь (plural present third-person)
dvigni (imperative second-person singular)
dvigni (imperative singular third-person)
dvigněvě (dual first-person imperative)
dvigněta (dual imperative second-person)
dvigněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
dvigněte (imperative plural second-person)

Church Slavonic: двигнути (dvignuti), двинути (dvinuti) (Russian)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: двигнѫти (dvignǫti)
Old Ruthenian: дви́гнути (dvíhnuti)
Ukrainian: дви́нути (dvýnuty), дви́гнути (dvýhnuty)
Russian: дви́нуть (dvínutʹ)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: двигнѫти (dvignǫti)

Bulgarian: ди́гна (dígna)

Macedonian: дигне (digne)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ди̏гнути

Latin script: dȉgnuti

Slovene: dvígniti

West Slavic:

Czech: dvihnouti

Polabian: dvaignǫt

Old Polish: dźwignąć

Polish: dźwignąć

Slovak: dvihnúť

Slovincian: dwjygnõc


stьrnь

stь̑rnь (canonical feminine)
stь̑rnь (nominative singular)
stь̑rni (dual nominative)
stь̑rni (nominative plural)
stьrní (genitive singular)
stьrnьjù (dual genitive)
stьrňu (dual genitive)
stьrnь̀jь (genitive plural)
stь̑rni (dative singular)
stьrnьmà (dative dual)
stь̑rnьmъ (dative plural)
stь̑rnь (accusative singular)
stь̑rni (accusative dual)
stь̑rni (accusative plural)
stьrnьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
stьrnьmà (dual instrumental)
stьrnьmì (instrumental plural)
stьrní (locative singular)
stьrnьjù (dual locative)
stьrňu (dual locative)
stь̑rnьxъ (locative plural)
stьrni (singular vocative)
stь̑rni (dual vocative)
stь̑rni (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: стернь (sternʹ), стерня́ (sternjá)

Ukrainian: стерня́ (sternjá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: стрънь (strŭnĭ)

Bulgarian: стрън (strǎn)

Macedonian: стрн (strn)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: стр̑н, стр̑н

Latin script: stȓn, stȓn

Slovene: stȓn (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: strn

Polish: ścierń

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: šćerń

Lower Sorbian: šćerń

Allegedly variated from *tьrnъ (“thorn”).

stubble, what is left on the field after its being mowed down


postignǫti

postigati (imperfective)
postiženьje (noun-from-verb)
postignǫti (infinitive)
postignǫtъ (supine)
postiglъ (l-participle)
postiženъ (participle passive past)
postigъ (active participle past)
postigъ (aorist first-person singular)
postigoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
postiže (aorist second-person singular)
postiže (aorist singular third-person)
postignǫ (first-person present singular)
postigneši (present second-person singular)
postignetь (present singular third-person)
postigově (aorist dual first-person)
postigoxově (aorist dual first-person)
postigeta (aorist dual second-person)
postigosta (aorist dual second-person)
postigete (aorist dual third-person)
postigoste (aorist dual third-person)
postignevě (dual first-person present)
postigneta (dual present second-person)
postignete (dual present third-person)
postigomъ (aorist first-person plural)
postigoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
postigete (aorist plural second-person)
postigoste (aorist plural second-person)
postigǫ (aorist plural third-person)
postigošę (aorist plural third-person)
postignemъ (first-person plural present)
postignete (plural present second-person)
postignǫtь (plural present third-person)
postigni (imperative second-person singular)
postigni (imperative singular third-person)
postigněvě (dual first-person imperative)
postigněta (dual imperative second-person)
postigněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
postigněte (imperative plural second-person)
*postiťi (alternative)

East Slavic:

Russian: пости́гнуть (postígnutʹ), пости́чь (postíčʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: постигнѫти (postignǫti)

Bulgarian: постигна (postigna)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: постигнути, по̀стићи

Latin script: pòstignuti, pòstići

West Slavic:

Czech: postihnout


povinǫti

povinovati (imperfective)
povinovenьje (noun-from-verb)
povinǫti (infinitive)
povinǫtъ (supine)
povinǫlъ (l-participle)
povinovenъ (participle passive past)
povinǫvъ (active participle past)
povinǫxъ (aorist first-person singular)
povinǫ (aorist second-person singular)
povinǫ (aorist singular third-person)
povinǫ (first-person present singular)
povineši (present second-person singular)
povinetь (present singular third-person)
povinǫxově (aorist dual first-person)
povinǫsta (aorist dual second-person)
povinǫste (aorist dual third-person)
povinevě (dual first-person present)
povineta (dual present second-person)
povinete (dual present third-person)
povinǫxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
povinǫste (aorist plural second-person)
povinǫšę (aorist plural third-person)
povinemъ (first-person plural present)
povinete (plural present second-person)
povinǫtь (plural present third-person)
povini (imperative second-person singular)
povini (imperative singular third-person)
poviněvě (dual first-person imperative)
poviněta (dual imperative second-person)
poviněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
poviněte (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: повинѫти (povinǫti)

An affixed derivative of an otherwise-unattested *vinǫti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wī́ˀtei (“to drive away, chase, pursue”).


vědьma

vě̀dьma (canonical feminine)
vě̀dьma (nominative singular)
vě̀dьmě (dual nominative)
vě̀dьmy (nominative plural)
vě̀dьmy (genitive singular)
vě̀dьmu (dual genitive)
vě̀dьmъ (genitive plural)
vě̀dьmě (dative singular)
vě̀dьmama (dative dual)
vě̀dьmamъ (dative plural)
vě̀dьmǫ (accusative singular)
vě̀dьmě (accusative dual)
vě̀dьmy (accusative plural)
vě̀dьmojǫ (instrumental singular)
vě̀dьmǭ (instrumental singular)
vě̀dьmama (dual instrumental)
vě̀dьmamī (instrumental plural)
vě̀dьmě (locative singular)
vě̀dьmu (dual locative)
vě̀dьmasъ (locative plural)
vě̀dьmaxъ (locative plural)
vě̀dьmo (singular vocative)
vě̀dьmě (dual vocative)
vě̀dьmy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

Belarusian: ве́дзма (vjédzma)

Russian: ве́дьма (védʹma)

Ukrainian: ві́дьма (vídʹma)

West Slavic:

Czech: vědma

Polish: wiedźma


věstь

vě̑stь (canonical feminine)
vě̑stь (nominative singular)
vě̑sti (dual nominative)
vě̑sti (nominative plural)
věstí (genitive singular)
věstьjù (dual genitive)
věstь̀jь (genitive plural)
vě̑sti (dative singular)
věstьmà (dative dual)
vě̑stьmъ (dative plural)
vě̑stь (accusative singular)
vě̑sti (accusative dual)
vě̑sti (accusative plural)
věstьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
věstьmà (dual instrumental)
věstьmì (instrumental plural)
věstí (locative singular)
věstьjù (dual locative)
vě̑stьxъ (locative plural)
věsti (singular vocative)
vě̑sti (dual vocative)
vě̑sti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вѣсть (věstĭ)

Old Ruthenian: вѣсть (věstʹ)

Belarusian: весць (vjescʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: вість (vistʹ)

→? Pannonian Rusyn: вист (vist)

Ukrainian: вість (vistʹ)

Russian: весть (vestʹ) (see there for further descendants)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: вѣсть (věstĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⱑⱄⱅⱐ (věstĭ)

Bulgarian: вест (vest)

Macedonian: вест (vest)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ве̑ст

Latin script: vȇst

Slovene: vẹ̑st (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: věst (obsolete), zvěst

Kashubian: wiesc

Polish: wieść

Slovak: zvesť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wěsć

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: veste (through Old Church Slavonic)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *waiˀstis, from Proto-Indo-European *wéyd-ti-s. Morphologically from *věděti + *-tь. Cognate with Latvian vēsts.


věstъ

vestъ (masculine nominative singular)
vesta (feminine nominative singular)
vesto (neuter nominative singular)
vesta (genitive masculine singular)
vesty (feminine genitive singular)
vesta (genitive neuter singular)
vestu (dative masculine singular)
vestě (dative feminine singular)
vestu (dative neuter singular)
vestъ (accusative masculine singular)
vestǫ (accusative feminine singular)
vesto (accusative neuter singular)
vestomь (instrumental masculine singular)
vestojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
vestomь (instrumental neuter singular)
vestě (locative masculine singular)
vestě (feminine locative singular)
vestě (locative neuter singular)
veste (masculine singular vocative)
vesto (feminine singular vocative)
vesto (neuter singular vocative)
vesta (dual masculine nominative)
vestě (dual feminine nominative)
vestě (dual neuter nominative)
vestu (dual genitive masculine)
vestu (dual feminine genitive)
vestu (dual genitive neuter)
vestoma (dative dual masculine)
vestama (dative dual feminine)
vestoma (dative dual neuter)
vesta (accusative dual masculine)
vestě (accusative dual feminine)
vestě (accusative dual neuter)
vestoma (dual instrumental masculine)
vestama (dual feminine instrumental)
vestoma (dual instrumental neuter)
vestu (dual locative masculine)
vestu (dual feminine locative)
vestu (dual locative neuter)
vesta (dual masculine vocative)
vestě (dual feminine vocative)
vestě (dual neuter vocative)
vesti (masculine nominative plural)
vesty (feminine nominative plural)
vesta (neuter nominative plural)
vestъ (genitive masculine plural)
vestъ (feminine genitive plural)
vestъ (genitive neuter plural)
vestomъ (dative masculine plural)
vestamъ (dative feminine plural)
vestomъ (dative neuter plural)
vesty (accusative masculine plural)
vesty (accusative feminine plural)
vesta (accusative neuter plural)
vesty (instrumental masculine plural)
vestami (feminine instrumental plural)
vesty (instrumental neuter plural)
vestěxъ (locative masculine plural)
vestaxъ (feminine locative plural)
vestěxъ (locative neuter plural)
vesti (masculine plural vocative)
vesty (feminine plural vocative)
vesta (neuter plural vocative)
vestъjь (masculine nominative singular)
vestaja (feminine nominative singular)
vestoje (neuter nominative singular)
vestajego (genitive masculine singular)
vestyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
vestajego (genitive neuter singular)
vestujemu (dative masculine singular)
vestěji (dative feminine singular)
vestujemu (dative neuter singular)
vestъjь (accusative masculine singular)
vestǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
vestoje (accusative neuter singular)
vestyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
vestǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
vestyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
vestějemь (locative masculine singular)
vestěji (feminine locative singular)
vestějemь (locative neuter singular)
vestъjь (masculine singular vocative)
vestaja (feminine singular vocative)
vestoje (neuter singular vocative)
vestaja (dual masculine nominative)
vestěji (dual feminine nominative)
vestěji (dual neuter nominative)
vestuju (dual genitive masculine)
vestuju (dual feminine genitive)
vestuju (dual genitive neuter)
vestyjima (dative dual masculine)
vestyjima (dative dual feminine)
vestyjima (dative dual neuter)
vestaja (accusative dual masculine)
vestěji (accusative dual feminine)
vestěji (accusative dual neuter)
vestyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
vestyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
vestyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
vestuju (dual locative masculine)
vestuju (dual feminine locative)
vestuju (dual locative neuter)
vestaja (dual masculine vocative)
vestěji (dual feminine vocative)
vestěji (dual neuter vocative)
vestiji (masculine nominative plural)
vestyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
vestaja (neuter nominative plural)
vestъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
vestъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
vestъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
vestyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
vestyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
vestyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
vestyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
vestyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
vestaja (accusative neuter plural)
vestyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
vestyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
vestyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
vestyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
vestyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
vestyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
vestiji (masculine plural vocative)
vestyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
vestaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вѣстъ (věstŭ)

Russian: вест (vest)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: вѣстъ (věstŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⱑⱄⱅⱏ (věstŭ)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: věst


čeršьňa

čèršьňa (canonical feminine)
čèršьňa (nominative singular)
čèršьňi (dual nominative)
čèršьňę̇ (nominative plural)
čèršьňę̇ (genitive singular)
čèršьňu (dual genitive)
čèršьňь (genitive plural)
čèršьňī (dative singular)
čèršьňama (dative dual)
čèršьňāmъ (dative plural)
čèršьňǫ (accusative singular)
čèršьňi (accusative dual)
čèršьňę̇ (accusative plural)
čèršьňējǫ (instrumental singular)
čèršьňǭ (instrumental singular)
čèršьňama (dual instrumental)
čèršьňāmī (instrumental plural)
čèršьňī (locative singular)
čèršьňu (dual locative)
čèršьňāsъ (locative plural)
čèršьňe (singular vocative)
čèršьňi (dual vocative)
čèršьňę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: черешьнꙗ (čerešĭnja)

Belarusian: чарэ́шня (čaréšnja)

Russian: чере́шня (čeréšnja)

desctree

Ukrainian: чере́шня (čeréšnja)
→ Polish: czereśnia

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: чрѣшьнꙗ (črěšĭnja)

i

influenced by Romanian <i class="Latn mention" lang="ro">cireașă</i>

Bulgarian: чере́ша (čeréša) (influenced by Romanian cireașă)

desc

Macedonian: цреша (creša), црешна (crešna)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: чре̏шња, тре̏шња

Latin script: črȅšnja, trȅšnja

Slovene: črẹ̑šnja, čẹ̑šnja

→ Hungarian: cseresznye

West Slavic:

desctree

Old Czech: třěšně
Czech: třešeň, třešně, třešňa, střešeň, střešně, střešňa

Kashubian: krzesznia

Old Polish: trześnia, czrześnia
Polish: trześnia, tereśnia (Central Greater Poland), trzęśla (Ostróda)
Silesian: trześnia

desc

Old Slovak: čerešňa, čerešeň, črešňa, strešňa, trešňa

Pannonian Rusyn: черешня (čerešnja)

Slovak: čerešňa, čerešeň

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: třěšeń, třěšnja

Changed by reason of being paired with *višьňa (“sour cherry”) from an earlier *čerša, a borrowing from Vulgar Latin ceresia, the plural of Late Latin ceresium, cerasium reinterpreted as a feminine; ultimately from Ancient Greek κεράσιον (kerásion, “cherry”). Possibly not directly from Vulgar Latin but mediated through a Germanic language.

der

sweet cherry (fruit, tree, or wood) (Prunus avium)


stěgъ

stěgъ (nominative singular)
stěga (dual nominative)
stědzi (nominative plural)
stěga (genitive singular)
stěgu (dual genitive)
stěgъ (genitive plural)
stěgu (dative singular)
stěgoma (dative dual)
stěgomъ (dative plural)
stěgъ (accusative singular)
stěga (accusative dual)
stěgy (accusative plural)
stěgъmь (instrumental singular)
stěgomь (instrumental singular)
stěgoma (dual instrumental)
stěgy (instrumental plural)
stědzě (locative singular)
stěgu (dual locative)
stědzěxъ (locative plural)
stěže (singular vocative)
stěga (dual vocative)
stědzi (plural vocative)

East Slavic: (possibly)

Old East Slavic: стѧгъ (stęgŭ)

Belarusian: сцяг (scjah)

Russian: стяг (stjag)

Ukrainian: стяг (stjah)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: стяг (stjag) (archaic)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сте̑г (Ekavian), стије̑г (Ijekavian)

Latin: stȇg (Ekavian), stijȇg (Ijekavian)

West Slavic: –

⇒ Romanian: steag

Of unclear origin. Limited to South Slavic. Its origin is speculated to be from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg- (“stake, beam”) (or less likely from o-grade of Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“stick”)). Possibly akin to Proto-Germanic *stakô (“stake”) and Latin tignum (“log, beam”).
Synonymous with East Slavic *stęgъ, from Old Norse stǫng (“bar, pole”). The relationship between the two words is unclear. Not all authors agree that the two forms are genetically related, despite their identical meaning, but that they are rather similarly developed false cognates or later borrowings.


puzdro

puzdro (nominative singular)
puzdrě (dual nominative)
puzdra (nominative plural)
puzdra (genitive singular)
puzdru (dual genitive)
puzdrъ (genitive plural)
puzdru (dative singular)
puzdroma (dative dual)
puzdromъ (dative plural)
puzdro (accusative singular)
puzdrě (accusative dual)
puzdra (accusative plural)
puzdrъmь (instrumental singular)
puzdromь (instrumental singular)
puzdroma (dual instrumental)
puzdry (instrumental plural)
puzdrě (locative singular)
puzdru (dual locative)
puzdrěxъ (locative plural)
puzdro (singular vocative)
puzdrě (dual vocative)
puzdra (plural vocative)
*puzdrъ (alternative)
*puzdra (alternative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: пуздро (puzdró, “bladder”)

Russian: пузырь (puzyrʹ, “bladder”) (related)

Ukrainian: пуздро (puzdro, “bladder”)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: пу́здра (púzdra, “gut flesh”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrrilic: пу̏здро

Latin: pȕzdro

West Slavic:

Old Czech: púzdro

Czech: pouzdro

Polish: puzdro

Old Slovak: puzdro

Slovak: puzdro

From an earlier *puzro, formed as *puzъ (“belly”) + *-ro. -d- is epenthetic. The term is commonly related to Proto-Slavic *puxъ (“blister”), which indicates an (indirect) origin from Proto-Indo-European *pews- (“to swell”). Compare also PIE *puH-.
The original meaning probably was swelling, blister → gut similar to Proto-Germanic *būkaz (“belly”) from pre-Germanic *bʰew- (“to blow, to swell”).


trьbuxъ

trьbűxъ (canonical masculine)
*trěbuxъ (alternative)
*tribuxъ (alternative)
*trьbuxa (alternative)
trьbuxъ (nominative singular)
trьbuxa (dual nominative)
trьbuśi (nominative plural)
trьbuxa (genitive singular)
trьbuxu (dual genitive)
trьbuxъ (genitive plural)
trьbuxu (dative singular)
trьbuxoma (dative dual)
trьbuxomъ (dative plural)
trьbuxъ (accusative singular)
trьbuxa (accusative dual)
trьbuxy (accusative plural)
trьbuxъmь (instrumental singular)
trьbuxomь (instrumental singular)
trьbuxoma (dual instrumental)
trьbuxy (instrumental plural)
trьbuśě (locative singular)
trьbuxu (dual locative)
trьbuśěxъ (locative plural)
trьbuše (singular vocative)
trьbuxa (dual vocative)
trьbuśi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: трибꙋхъ (tribuxŭ)

Belarusian: трыбу́х (trybúx) (dialectal)

Russian: трибу́х (tribúx) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: трибу́х (trybúx), трибуха́ f (trybuxá, “animal guts”) (dialectal)

Belarusian: трэбу́х (trebúx)

Russian: требуха́ (trebuxá, “guts”)

Ukrainian: тельбу́х (telʹbúx, “intestine”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: трьбоухъ (trĭbuxŭ)

Bulgarian: търбу́х (tǎrbúh)

Macedonian: трбув (trbuv) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тр̀бух

Latin script: tr̀buh

Slovene: trẹ́buh

West Slavic:

Czech: terbuch m, třebucha f

Polish: trybuch, terbuch

Slovak: terbuch

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: tarbuch

Unclear. Main propositions conjure origin:
* Vasmer, Trubačev: From *trь- (“tri-”) + *buхъ (“swelling”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bʰew- (“to swell, to bulge”). Possibly akin to Proto-Slavic *buxyrь (“gut, intestine”) (whence Slovak buchyr (“gut”)), Proto-Germanic *būkaz (“belly”). Prefix, while not entirely clear, likely reflects *trь- (“tri-”), maybe in reference to the compartmentation of some herbivores' digestive tract (cattle, camels, and other ruminants).
* Snoj: From *terbъ (“something stretched or torn up”) + *-uxъ. Possibly akin to Latin strebula (“flesh around the haunch”).

cog

buxyrь

*buxati (“to blow away, to strike, to swell”)


mьlknǫti

Slavic (South)
mьlčati (imperfective)
Slavic (North)
mьlčenьje (noun-from-verb)
mьlknǫti (infinitive)
mьlknǫtъ (supine)
mьlklъ (l-participle)
mьlčenъ (participle passive past)
mьlknomъ (participle passive present)
mьlkъ (active participle past)
mьlkny (active participle present)
mьlkъ (aorist first-person singular)
mьlkoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
mьlče (aorist second-person singular)
mьlče (aorist singular third-person)
mьlknǫ (first-person present singular)
mьlkneši (present second-person singular)
mьlknetь (present singular third-person)
mьlkově (aorist dual first-person)
mьlkoxově (aorist dual first-person)
mьlketa (aorist dual second-person)
mьlkosta (aorist dual second-person)
mьlkete (aorist dual third-person)
mьlkoste (aorist dual third-person)
mьlknevě (dual first-person present)
mьlkneta (dual present second-person)
mьlknete (dual present third-person)
mьlkomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mьlkoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mьlkete (aorist plural second-person)
mьlkoste (aorist plural second-person)
mьlkǫ (aorist plural third-person)
mьlkošę (aorist plural third-person)
mьlknemъ (first-person plural present)
mьlknete (plural present second-person)
mьlknǫtь (plural present third-person)
mьlkněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mьlkněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mьlkněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
mьlkni (imperative second-person singular)
mьlkni (imperative singular third-person)
mьlkněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mьlkněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mьlkněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mьlkněvě (dual first-person imperative)
mьlkněta (dual imperative second-person)
mьlkněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mьlkněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mьlkněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mьlkněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
mьlkněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: мо́ўкнуць (móŭknucʹ)

Russian: мо́лкнуть (mólknutʹ)

Ukrainian: мо́вкнути (móvknuty)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: млъкнѫти (mlŭknǫti)

Bulgarian: млъ́кна (mlǎ́kna), млъ́кнувам (mlǎ́knuvam)

Macedonian: молкне (molkne)

Serbo-Croatian: му́кнути

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mlknúti

Czech: mlknout

Old Polish: milknąć

Polish: milknąć

Slovak: mĺknuť

Slovincian: ḿilknǫc, måłknoc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: mjelknyć, mjelknuć

By surface analysis, *mьlkъ + *-nǫti. See *mьlčati for further discussion.

(inchoative) to become silent, to shut up


-lъ

-lъ (masculine nominative singular)
-la (feminine nominative singular)
-lo (neuter nominative singular)
-la (genitive masculine singular)
-ly (feminine genitive singular)
-la (genitive neuter singular)
-lu (dative masculine singular)
-lě (dative feminine singular)
-lu (dative neuter singular)
-lъ (accusative masculine singular)
-lǫ (accusative feminine singular)
-lo (accusative neuter singular)
-lomь (instrumental masculine singular)
-lojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
-lomь (instrumental neuter singular)
-lě (locative masculine singular)
-lě (feminine locative singular)
-lě (locative neuter singular)
-le (masculine singular vocative)
-lo (feminine singular vocative)
-lo (neuter singular vocative)
-la (dual masculine nominative)
-lě (dual feminine nominative)
-lě (dual neuter nominative)
-lu (dual genitive masculine)
-lu (dual feminine genitive)
-lu (dual genitive neuter)
-loma (dative dual masculine)
-lama (dative dual feminine)
-loma (dative dual neuter)
-la (accusative dual masculine)
-lě (accusative dual feminine)
-lě (accusative dual neuter)
-loma (dual instrumental masculine)
-lama (dual feminine instrumental)
-loma (dual instrumental neuter)
-lu (dual locative masculine)
-lu (dual feminine locative)
-lu (dual locative neuter)
-la (dual masculine vocative)
-lě (dual feminine vocative)
-lě (dual neuter vocative)
-li (masculine nominative plural)
-ly (feminine nominative plural)
-la (neuter nominative plural)
-lъ (genitive masculine plural)
-lъ (feminine genitive plural)
-lъ (genitive neuter plural)
-lomъ (dative masculine plural)
-lamъ (dative feminine plural)
-lomъ (dative neuter plural)
-ly (accusative masculine plural)
-ly (accusative feminine plural)
-la (accusative neuter plural)
-ly (instrumental masculine plural)
-lami (feminine instrumental plural)
-ly (instrumental neuter plural)
-lěxъ (locative masculine plural)
-laxъ (feminine locative plural)
-lěxъ (locative neuter plural)
-li (masculine plural vocative)
-ly (feminine plural vocative)
-la (neuter plural vocative)
-lъjь (masculine nominative singular)
-laja (feminine nominative singular)
-loje (neuter nominative singular)
-lajego (genitive masculine singular)
-lyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
-lajego (genitive neuter singular)
-lujemu (dative masculine singular)
-lěji (dative feminine singular)
-lujemu (dative neuter singular)
-lъjь (accusative masculine singular)
-lǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
-loje (accusative neuter singular)
-lyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
-lǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
-lyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
-lějemь (locative masculine singular)
-lěji (feminine locative singular)
-lějemь (locative neuter singular)
-lъjь (masculine singular vocative)
-laja (feminine singular vocative)
-loje (neuter singular vocative)
-laja (dual masculine nominative)
-lěji (dual feminine nominative)
-lěji (dual neuter nominative)
-luju (dual genitive masculine)
-luju (dual feminine genitive)
-luju (dual genitive neuter)
-lyjima (dative dual masculine)
-lyjima (dative dual feminine)
-lyjima (dative dual neuter)
-laja (accusative dual masculine)
-lěji (accusative dual feminine)
-lěji (accusative dual neuter)
-lyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
-lyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
-lyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
-luju (dual locative masculine)
-luju (dual feminine locative)
-luju (dual locative neuter)
-laja (dual masculine vocative)
-lěji (dual feminine vocative)
-lěji (dual neuter vocative)
-liji (masculine nominative plural)
-lyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
-laja (neuter nominative plural)
-lъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
-lъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
-lъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
-lyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
-lyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
-lyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
-lyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
-lyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
-laja (accusative neuter plural)
-lyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
-lyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
-lyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
-lyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
-lyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
-lyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
-liji (masculine plural vocative)
-lyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
-laja (neuter plural vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-lós.

inh+

kupiti (“to buy”) + *-lъ → *kupilъ

žiti (“to live”) + *-lъ → *žilъ

gъnati (“to chase”) + *-lъ → *gъnalъ

orsti (“to grow”) + *-lъ → *orstlъ (“tall”)

mьrznǫti (“to freeze”) + *-lъ → *mьrzlъ (“frozen”)

mъděti + *-lъ → *mъdьlъ (“faint”)?

pьrěti + *-lъ → *pьrělъ

gňiti (“to rot”) + *-lъ → *gňilъ (“rotten”)

From intransitive verbs, forms adjectives

obъ (“vicinity, locality”) + *-lъ → *obьlъ (“round”)

krǫgъ (“circle”) + *-lъ → *krǫglъ (“round”)

světъ (“light”) + *-lъ → *světьlъ (“light, bright”)?

podъ (“bottom”) + *-lъ → *podьlъ (“vile, low”)


obědъ

obědъ (nominative singular)
oběda (dual nominative)
obědi (nominative plural)
oběda (genitive singular)
obědu (dual genitive)
obědъ (genitive plural)
obědu (dative singular)
obědoma (dative dual)
obědomъ (dative plural)
obědъ (accusative singular)
oběda (accusative dual)
obědy (accusative plural)
obědъmь (instrumental singular)
obědomь (instrumental singular)
obědoma (dual instrumental)
obědy (instrumental plural)
obědě (locative singular)
obědu (dual locative)
oběděxъ (locative plural)
oběde (singular vocative)
oběda (dual vocative)
obědi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: обѣдъ (obědŭ)

Belarusian: абе́д (abjéd)

Russian: обе́д (obéd)

Ukrainian: обі́д (obíd)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: обѣдъ (obědŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱁⰱⱑⰴⱏ (obědŭ)

Bulgarian: о́бед (óbed), обя́д (objád)

Macedonian: обед (obed) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: обед

Latin script: obed

Slovene: obȅd

West Slavic:

Old Czech: oběd

Czech: oběd

Kashubian: òbiôd

Polish: obiad

Polabian: vib́od

Old Slovak: obed

Slovak: obed

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wobjed

Upper Sorbian: wobjed

→ Hungarian: ebéd

From *o(b) + *ědъ (“eating”), itself from *ěsti (“to eat”).


lъžica

lъžica (nominative singular)
lъžici (dual nominative)
lъžicę̇ (nominative plural)
lъžicę̇ (genitive singular)
lъžicu (dual genitive)
lъžicь (genitive plural)
lъžici (dative singular)
lъžicama (dative dual)
lъžicamъ (dative plural)
lъžicǫ (accusative singular)
lъžici (accusative dual)
lъžicę̇ (accusative plural)
lъžicejǫ (instrumental singular)
lъžicǫ (instrumental singular)
lъžicama (dual instrumental)
lъžicami (instrumental plural)
lъžici (locative singular)
lъžicu (dual locative)
lъžicasъ (locative plural)
lъžicaxъ (locative plural)
lъžice (singular vocative)
lъžici (dual vocative)
lъžicę̇ (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: лъжи́ца (lǎžíca)

Macedonian: лажица (lažica)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жли̏ца

Latin script: žlȉca

West Slavic:

Old Czech: lžícě

Czech: lžíce

Bohemian (Chod dialect): žíce

Moravian (Mistřice): užica

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: łžyca

Upper Sorbian: łžica

From *lъga (“bending”) + *-ica. An alternative variant of *lyžьka.


vortъ

vȏrtъ (canonical masculine)
vȏrtъ (nominative singular)
vȏrta (dual nominative)
vȏrti (nominative plural)
vȏrta (genitive singular)
vortù (dual genitive)
võrtъ (genitive plural)
vȏrtu (dative singular)
vortomà (dative dual)
vortòmъ (dative plural)
vȏrtъ (accusative singular)
vȏrta (accusative dual)
vȏrty (accusative plural)
vȏrtъmь (instrumental singular)
vȏrtomь (instrumental singular)
vortomà (dual instrumental)
vortý (instrumental plural)
vȏrtě (locative singular)
vortù (dual locative)
vortě̃xъ (locative plural)
vorte (singular vocative)
vȏrta (dual vocative)
vȏrti (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: вратъ (vratŭ)

desc

→ Old East Slavic: вратъ (vratŭ, “rotor, wheel”)

Bulgarian: врат (vrat) (obsolete)

West Slavic:

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wrót

Deverbial noun of *vortiti (“to return”) + *-ъ.


vortъ

vȏrtъ (canonical masculine)
vortъ (nominative singular)
vorty (dual nominative)
vortove (nominative plural)
vortu (genitive singular)
vortovu (dual genitive)
vortovъ (genitive plural)
vortovi (dative singular)
vortъma (dative dual)
vortъmъ (dative plural)
vortъ (accusative singular)
vorty (accusative dual)
vorty (accusative plural)
vortъmь (instrumental singular)
vortъma (dual instrumental)
vortъmi (instrumental plural)
vortu (locative singular)
vortovu (dual locative)
vortъxъ (locative plural)
vortu (singular vocative)
vorty (dual vocative)
vortove (plural vocative)
vortъ (nominative singular)
vorta (dual nominative)
vorti (nominative plural)
vorta (genitive singular)
vortu (dual genitive)
vortъ (genitive plural)
vortu (dative singular)
vortoma (dative dual)
vortomъ (dative plural)
vortъ (accusative singular)
vorta (accusative dual)
vorty (accusative plural)
vortъmь (instrumental singular)
vortomь (instrumental singular)
vortoma (dual instrumental)
vorty (instrumental plural)
vortě (locative singular)
vortu (dual locative)
vortěxъ (locative plural)
vorte (singular vocative)
vorta (dual vocative)
vorti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: воротъ (vorotŭ)

Russian: во́рот (vórot, “collar”)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: врат (vrat)

Macedonian: врат (vrat)

Serbo-Croatian::

Cyrillic script: вра̑т

Latin script: vrȃt

Slovene: vrȃt (tonal orthography)

Identical to Etymology 1 or derived from Proto-Slavic *vortъkъ (“turnable, rotational”) (whence Old Church Slavonic вратъкъ (vratŭkŭ)).


dъlžьnъ

dъlžьnъ (masculine nominative singular)
dъlžьna (feminine nominative singular)
dъlžьno (neuter nominative singular)
dъlžьna (genitive masculine singular)
dъlžьny (feminine genitive singular)
dъlžьna (genitive neuter singular)
dъlžьnu (dative masculine singular)
dъlžьně (dative feminine singular)
dъlžьnu (dative neuter singular)
dъlžьnъ (accusative masculine singular)
dъlžьnǫ (accusative feminine singular)
dъlžьno (accusative neuter singular)
dъlžьnomь (instrumental masculine singular)
dъlžьnojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
dъlžьnomь (instrumental neuter singular)
dъlžьně (locative masculine singular)
dъlžьně (feminine locative singular)
dъlžьně (locative neuter singular)
dъlžьne (masculine singular vocative)
dъlžьno (feminine singular vocative)
dъlžьno (neuter singular vocative)
dъlžьna (dual masculine nominative)
dъlžьně (dual feminine nominative)
dъlžьně (dual neuter nominative)
dъlžьnu (dual genitive masculine)
dъlžьnu (dual feminine genitive)
dъlžьnu (dual genitive neuter)
dъlžьnoma (dative dual masculine)
dъlžьnama (dative dual feminine)
dъlžьnoma (dative dual neuter)
dъlžьna (accusative dual masculine)
dъlžьně (accusative dual feminine)
dъlžьně (accusative dual neuter)
dъlžьnoma (dual instrumental masculine)
dъlžьnama (dual feminine instrumental)
dъlžьnoma (dual instrumental neuter)
dъlžьnu (dual locative masculine)
dъlžьnu (dual feminine locative)
dъlžьnu (dual locative neuter)
dъlžьna (dual masculine vocative)
dъlžьně (dual feminine vocative)
dъlžьně (dual neuter vocative)
dъlžьni (masculine nominative plural)
dъlžьny (feminine nominative plural)
dъlžьna (neuter nominative plural)
dъlžьnъ (genitive masculine plural)
dъlžьnъ (feminine genitive plural)
dъlžьnъ (genitive neuter plural)
dъlžьnomъ (dative masculine plural)
dъlžьnamъ (dative feminine plural)
dъlžьnomъ (dative neuter plural)
dъlžьny (accusative masculine plural)
dъlžьny (accusative feminine plural)
dъlžьna (accusative neuter plural)
dъlžьny (instrumental masculine plural)
dъlžьnami (feminine instrumental plural)
dъlžьny (instrumental neuter plural)
dъlžьněxъ (locative masculine plural)
dъlžьnaxъ (feminine locative plural)
dъlžьněxъ (locative neuter plural)
dъlžьni (masculine plural vocative)
dъlžьny (feminine plural vocative)
dъlžьna (neuter plural vocative)
dъlžьnъjь (masculine nominative singular)
dъlžьnaja (feminine nominative singular)
dъlžьnoje (neuter nominative singular)
dъlžьnajego (genitive masculine singular)
dъlžьnyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
dъlžьnajego (genitive neuter singular)
dъlžьnujemu (dative masculine singular)
dъlžьněji (dative feminine singular)
dъlžьnujemu (dative neuter singular)
dъlžьnъjь (accusative masculine singular)
dъlžьnǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
dъlžьnoje (accusative neuter singular)
dъlžьnyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
dъlžьnǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
dъlžьnyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
dъlžьnějemь (locative masculine singular)
dъlžьněji (feminine locative singular)
dъlžьnějemь (locative neuter singular)
dъlžьnъjь (masculine singular vocative)
dъlžьnaja (feminine singular vocative)
dъlžьnoje (neuter singular vocative)
dъlžьnaja (dual masculine nominative)
dъlžьněji (dual feminine nominative)
dъlžьněji (dual neuter nominative)
dъlžьnuju (dual genitive masculine)
dъlžьnuju (dual feminine genitive)
dъlžьnuju (dual genitive neuter)
dъlžьnyjima (dative dual masculine)
dъlžьnyjima (dative dual feminine)
dъlžьnyjima (dative dual neuter)
dъlžьnaja (accusative dual masculine)
dъlžьněji (accusative dual feminine)
dъlžьněji (accusative dual neuter)
dъlžьnyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
dъlžьnyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
dъlžьnyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
dъlžьnuju (dual locative masculine)
dъlžьnuju (dual feminine locative)
dъlžьnuju (dual locative neuter)
dъlžьnaja (dual masculine vocative)
dъlžьněji (dual feminine vocative)
dъlžьněji (dual neuter vocative)
dъlžьniji (masculine nominative plural)
dъlžьnyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
dъlžьnaja (neuter nominative plural)
dъlžьnъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
dъlžьnъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
dъlžьnъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
dъlžьnyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
dъlžьnyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
dъlžьnyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
dъlžьnyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
dъlžьnyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
dъlžьnaja (accusative neuter plural)
dъlžьnyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
dъlžьnyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
dъlžьnyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
dъlžьnyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
dъlžьnyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
dъlžьnyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
dъlžьniji (masculine plural vocative)
dъlžьnyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
dъlžьnaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Russian: до́лжный (dólžnyj), должен (dolžen)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: длъжьнъ (dlŭžĭnŭ)

Bulgarian: длъжен (dlǎžen)

Macedonian: должен (dolžen)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ду́жан

Latin script: dúžan

Slovene: dolžȃn

West Slavic:

Czech: dlužný

Slovak: dlžný

Polish: dłużny


moldostь

mȏldostь (canonical feminine)
moldostь (nominative singular)
moldosti (genitive singular)
moldosti (dative singular)
moldostь (accusative singular)
moldostьjǫ (instrumental singular)
moldosti (locative singular)
moldosti (singular vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: мо́лодость (mólodostʹ)

Ukrainian: мо́лодість (mólodistʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: мла́дост (mládost)

Macedonian: мла́дост (mládost)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мла̏до̄ст

Latin script: mlȁdōst

Slovene: mladọ̑st (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mladost

Polish: młodość

Slovak: mladosť


živostь

žȋvostь (canonical feminine)
živostь (nominative singular)
živosti (genitive singular)
živosti (dative singular)
živostь (accusative singular)
živostьjǫ (instrumental singular)
živosti (locative singular)
živosti (singular vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: жы́васць (žývascʹ)

Russian: жи́вость (žívostʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: живост (živost)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жи̏во̄ст

Latin script: žȉvōst

Slovene: živọ̑st (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: živost

Polish: żywość

Lower Sorbian: žywosć


starostь

starostь (nominative singular)
starosti (genitive singular)
starosti (dative singular)
starostь (accusative singular)
starostьjǫ (instrumental singular)
starosti (locative singular)
starosti (singular vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: старость (starostĭ)

Belarusian: ста́расць (stárascʹ)

Russian: ста́рость (stárostʹ)

Ukrainian: ста́рість (stáristʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: старость (starostĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱅⰰⱃⱁⱄⱅⱐ (starostĭ)

Bulgarian: ста́рост (stárost)

Macedonian: старост (starost)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ста̏ро̄ст

Latin script: stȁrōst

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: stárost, starọ̑st (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: starost

Polabian: storüst

Old Polish: starość

Polish: starość


prędivo

prę̑dīvo (canonical neuter)
prędivo (nominative singular)
prędivě (dual nominative)
prędiva (nominative plural)
prędiva (genitive singular)
prędivu (dual genitive)
prędivъ (genitive plural)
prędivu (dative singular)
prędivoma (dative dual)
prędivomъ (dative plural)
prędivo (accusative singular)
prędivě (accusative dual)
prędiva (accusative plural)
prędivъmь (instrumental singular)
prędivomь (instrumental singular)
prędivoma (dual instrumental)
prędivy (instrumental plural)
prędivě (locative singular)
prędivu (dual locative)
prędivěxъ (locative plural)
prędivo (singular vocative)
prędivě (dual vocative)
prędiva (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: предиво (predivo)

Macedonian: предиво (predivo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пре̏дӣво

Latin script: prȅdīvo

Slovene: predȋvo (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: předivo

Polish: przędziwo

Slovak: pradivo


sěčivo

sě̑čīvo (canonical neuter)
sěčivo (nominative singular)
sěčivě (dual nominative)
sěčiva (nominative plural)
sěčiva (genitive singular)
sěčivu (dual genitive)
sěčivъ (genitive plural)
sěčivu (dative singular)
sěčivoma (dative dual)
sěčivomъ (dative plural)
sěčivo (accusative singular)
sěčivě (accusative dual)
sěčiva (accusative plural)
sěčivъmь (instrumental singular)
sěčivomь (instrumental singular)
sěčivoma (dual instrumental)
sěčivy (instrumental plural)
sěčivě (locative singular)
sěčivu (dual locative)
sěčivěxъ (locative plural)
sěčivo (singular vocative)
sěčivě (dual vocative)
sěčiva (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: сечиво (sečivo)

Macedonian: сечиво (sečivo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrilic: се̏чӣво (Ekavian), си̏чӣво (Ikavian), сје̏чӣво (Jekavian)

Latin: sȅčīvo (Ekavian), sȉčīvo (Ikavian), sjȅčīvo (Jekavian)


kozьlъ

kozь̀lъ (canonical masculine)
kozь̀lъ (nominative singular)
kozьlà (dual nominative)
kozьlì (nominative plural)
kozьlà (genitive singular)
kozьlù (dual genitive)
kozь̀lъ (genitive plural)
kozьlù (dative singular)
kozьlòma (dative dual)
kozьlòmъ (dative plural)
kozь̀lъ (accusative singular)
kozьlà (accusative dual)
kozьlỳ (accusative plural)
kozьlъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
kozьlòmь (instrumental singular)
kozьlòma (dual instrumental)
kozь̀ly (instrumental plural)
kozьlě̀ (locative singular)
kozьlù (dual locative)
kozь̀lěxъ (locative plural)
kozьle (singular vocative)
kozьlà (dual vocative)
kozьlì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: козьлъ (kozĭlŭ)

Belarusian: казёл (kazjól)

Russian: козёл (kozjól)

Ukrainian: козе́л (kozél)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: козьлъ (kozĭlŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰽⱁⰸⱐⰾⱏ (kozĭlŭ)

Bulgarian: козе́л (kozél)

Serbo-Croatian: ко̀зао

Slovene: kózel (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kozel

Czech: kozel

Kashubian: kòzeł

Old Polish: kozieł

Polish: kozioł

Silesian: kozieł

Old Slovak: kozel

Slovak: kozol, kozel

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kozoł

Lower Sorbian: kózoł


odolěnъ

odolěnъ (nominative singular)
odolěna (dual nominative)
odolěni (nominative plural)
odolěna (genitive singular)
odolěnu (dual genitive)
odolěnъ (genitive plural)
odolěnu (dative singular)
odolěnoma (dative dual)
odolěnomъ (dative plural)
odolěnъ (accusative singular)
odolěna (accusative dual)
odolěny (accusative plural)
odolěnъmь (instrumental singular)
odolěnomь (instrumental singular)
odolěnoma (dual instrumental)
odolěny (instrumental plural)
odolěně (locative singular)
odolěnu (dual locative)
odolěněxъ (locative plural)
odolěne (singular vocative)
odolěna (dual vocative)
odolěni (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Russian: одолѣ́нь m (odolě́nʹ), одолѣ́й (odolě́j), одолѣ́я (odolě́ja)

Ukrainian: одоля́н (odolján), оделя́н (odelján)

→ Romanian: odolean

South Slavic:

⇒ Bulgarian: диля́нка (diljánka), деля́нка (deljánka), деля́н (delján)

Slovene: odolȋn

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: одо̀љен, одо̀љан, одо̀лен, до̀љен

Latin script: odòljen, odòljan, odòlen, dòljen

West Slavic:

Old Czech: odolěn

Czech: odolen

Polish: odolan

Slovak: odolen

From *odolěti (“to defeat, to discomfit”) + *-nъ, so called because of its use to vanquish diseases. One can see its motivation in Latin valeriana understood as from valēre (“to be strong (sc. against an ailment)”). Roger Bernard even reports a Slavo-Latinate hybridism Odeljanus.

affix

Valeriana officinalis
Valeriana officinalis


myslěti

myslěnьje (noun-from-verb)
myslěti (infinitive)
myslětъ (supine)
myslělъ (l-participle)
myslěnъ (participle passive past)
myslimъ (participle passive present)
myslěvъ (active participle past)
myslę (active participle present)
myslěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
myslě (aorist second-person singular)
myslě (aorist singular third-person)
mysľǫ (first-person present singular)
mysliši (present second-person singular)
myslitь (present singular third-person)
myslěxově (aorist dual first-person)
myslěsta (aorist dual second-person)
myslěste (aorist dual third-person)
myslivě (dual first-person present)
myslita (dual present second-person)
myslite (dual present third-person)
myslěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
myslěste (aorist plural second-person)
myslěšę (aorist plural third-person)
myslimъ (first-person plural present)
myslite (plural present second-person)
myslętь (plural present third-person)
myslěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
myslěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
myslěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
mysli (imperative second-person singular)
mysli (imperative singular third-person)
myslěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
myslěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
myslěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
myslivě (dual first-person imperative)
myslita (dual imperative second-person)
myslěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
myslěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
myslěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
myslimъ (first-person imperative plural)
myslite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic: —

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: помꙑшлѣти (pomyšlěti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ми̏шљети

Latin script: mȉšljeti

West Slavic:

Czech: myslet

Polish: myśleć

Slovak: myslieť

From *myslь + *-ěti. Or reshaped from *mysliti.


žely

želỳ (canonical feminine)
želỳ (nominative singular)
želъ̀vi (dual nominative)
želъ̀vi (nominative plural)
želъ̀ve (genitive singular)
želъ̀vu (dual genitive)
želъ̀vъ (genitive plural)
želъ̀vi (dative singular)
želъ̀vьma (dative dual)
želъ̀vama (dative dual)
želъ̀vьmъ (dative plural)
želъ̀vamъ (dative plural)
želъ̀vь (accusative singular)
želъ̀vi (accusative dual)
želъ̀vi (accusative plural)
želъ̀vьjǫ (instrumental singular)
želъ̀vľǭ (instrumental singular)
želъ̀vьma (dual instrumental)
želъ̀vama (dual instrumental)
želъ̀vьmī (instrumental plural)
želъ̀vamī (instrumental plural)
želъ̀ve (locative singular)
želъ̀vu (dual locative)
želъ̀vьxъ (locative plural)
želъ̀vaxъ (locative plural)
želỳ (singular vocative)
želъ̀vi (dual vocative)
želъ̀vi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: желꙑ (žely), жьлꙑ (žĭly), желъвь (želŭvĭ), желъва (želŭva)

Middle Russian: желвь (želvʹ), желва (želva), жолва (žolva)

Russian: желвь (želvʹ), жолвь (žolvʹ) (dialectal, obsolete)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: желвъ (želv), жолвъ (žolv), желва (želva)
Ukrainian: желв (želv) (dialectal, obsolete)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

desc

Old Cyrillic script: *желꙑ (*žely), жьлꙑ (žĭly)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: же̑лва̄

Latin script: žȇlvā

⇒ Cyrillic script: желка, же̏љка

⇒ Latin script: želka, žȅljka

Slovene: žẹ̑lva (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: želva

desctree

Old Polish: żółw, żełw
Polish: żółw
Silesian: żōłw

→ Old Ruthenian: жулвъ (žulv)

Slovak: želva

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: žołw

Upper Sorbian: želwja, žołwja

Traditionally derived from a Proto-Indo-European *gʰel(H)-ewH- (“tortoise, turtle-like animal”), and compared with Ancient Greek χέλῡς (khélūs, “tortoise”), χελώνη (khelṓnē, “id”); see the latter for more.


plemę

plemę̀ (canonical neuter)
plemę̀ (nominative singular)
plemèni (dual nominative)
plemènā (nominative plural)
plemène (genitive singular)
plemènu (dual genitive)
plemènъ (genitive plural)
plemèni (dative singular)
plemènьma (dative dual)
plemènьmъ (dative plural)
plemę̀ (accusative singular)
plemèni (accusative dual)
plemènā (accusative plural)
plemènьmь (instrumental singular)
plemènьma (dual instrumental)
plemènȳ (instrumental plural)
plemène (locative singular)
plemènu (dual locative)
plemènьxъ (locative plural)
plemę̀ (singular vocative)
plemèni (dual vocative)
plemènā (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: племѧ (plemę)

Belarusian: пле́мя (pljémja)

Russian: пле́мя (plémja)

Ukrainian: пле́м'я (plémʺja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: племѧ (plemę)

Bulgarian: пле́ме (pléme)

Macedonian: племе (pleme)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пле̏ме

Latin script: plȅme

Slovene: pléme

West Slavic:

Old Czech: plémě

Czech: plemeno

Moravian (Mistřice): plemeno

Old Polish: plemię

Polish: plemię

Silesian: plymiã

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: plemiã

Slovak: plemeno (with paradigm leveling)

Uncertain. Proposed etymologies include:
* From the root of *pl̥Hmeh₂ - hand, part of all collective.
* From the root of Proto-Slavic *plodъ (“fruit”) + *-mę. Probably akin to Latin plēbs.
* From *plesti (“to entwine, to plait”) + *-mę.


pomoťь

pomoťь (nominative singular)
pomoťi (dual nominative)
pomoťi (nominative plural)
pomoťi (genitive singular)
pomoťьju (dual genitive)
pomoťьjь (genitive plural)
pomoťi (dative singular)
pomoťьma (dative dual)
pomoťьmъ (dative plural)
pomoťь (accusative singular)
pomoťi (accusative dual)
pomoťi (accusative plural)
pomoťьjǫ (instrumental singular)
pomoťьma (dual instrumental)
pomoťьmi (instrumental plural)
pomoťi (locative singular)
pomoťьju (dual locative)
pomoťьxъ (locative plural)
pomoťi (singular vocative)
pomoťi (dual vocative)
pomoťi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: по́мач (pómač)

Russian: по́мочь (pómočʹ)

desc

Carpathian Rusyn: по́моч (pómoč), по́міч (pómič), помӱч (pomüč)

Ukrainian: по́міч (pómič)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: помощь (pomoštĭ)

→ Russian: по́мощь (pómoščʹ)

Bulgarian: по́мощ (pómošt)

Macedonian: помош (pomoš)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: по̏мо̄ћ

Latin script: pȍmōć

Slovene: pomóč

West Slavic:

Old Czech: pomoc
Czech: pomoc

desctree

Old Polish: pomoc
Polish: pomoc
Silesian: pōmoc

Old Slovak: pomoc

Pannonian Rusyn: помоц (pomoc)

Slovak: pomoc

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: pòmòc

Slovincian: pômôc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: pomoc

Lower Sorbian: pomoc

From *po- + *moťь (“might, capability”).


odeďa

odeďa (nominative singular)
odeďi (dual nominative)
odeďę̇ (nominative plural)
odeďę̇ (genitive singular)
odeďu (dual genitive)
odeďь (genitive plural)
odeďi (dative singular)
odeďama (dative dual)
odeďamъ (dative plural)
odeďǫ (accusative singular)
odeďi (accusative dual)
odeďę̇ (accusative plural)
odeďejǫ (instrumental singular)
odeďǫ (instrumental singular)
odeďama (dual instrumental)
odeďami (instrumental plural)
odeďi (locative singular)
odeďu (dual locative)
odeďasъ (locative plural)
odeďaxъ (locative plural)
odeďe (singular vocative)
odeďi (dual vocative)
odeďę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: одежа (odeža)

Old Ruthenian: оде́жа (odéža)

Belarusian: адзе́жа (adzjéža)

Ukrainian: оде́жа (odéža)

→ Polish: odzież

Russian: одёжа (odjóža)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: одежда (odežda)

→ Russian: оде́жда (odéžda)

Bulgarian: оде́жда (odéžda)

desc

Macedonian: о́дежда (ódežda, “cassock, robe”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̏дећа, о̏дјећа, о̏дића

Latin script: ȍdeća, ȍdjeća, ȍdića

⇒ Slovene: odȇja

West Slavic:

Knaanic: אודיזא (ovdyza)

Middle Polish: odziedza

Old Slovak: odedza

Slovak: (bookish) odedza

→ Romanian: odăjdii

From *oděti (“to put on clothes”) + *-ja.


batogъ

batògъ (canonical masculine)
batògъ (nominative singular)
batogà (dual nominative)
batodzì (nominative plural)
batogà (genitive singular)
batogù (dual genitive)
batògъ (genitive plural)
batogù (dative singular)
batogòma (dative dual)
batogòmъ (dative plural)
batògъ (accusative singular)
batogà (accusative dual)
batogỳ (accusative plural)
batogъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
batogòmь (instrumental singular)
batogòma (dual instrumental)
batògy (instrumental plural)
batodzě̀ (locative singular)
batogù (dual locative)
batòdzěxъ (locative plural)
batože (singular vocative)
batogà (dual vocative)
batodzì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: бато́гъ (batógŭ)

Old Ruthenian: бато́гъ (batóh)

Belarusian: бато́г (batóh)

Ukrainian: баті́г (batíh), бату́г (batúh)

Russian: бато́г (batóg)

Old Novgorodian: батоге (batoge)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: батогъ (batogŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰱⰰⱅⱁⰳⱏ (batogŭ)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: batoh

desctree

Old Polish: batog
Polish: batog
Silesian: batok

Pomeranian:

desc

Kashubian: batug, batig, batog, batóg (obsolete)

Slovincian: batúg

Non-Slavic:

→ Lithuanian: botagas


běditi

bě̄dìti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
běďenьje (noun-from-verb)
běditi (infinitive)
běditъ (supine)
bědilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
běďenъ (participle passive past)
bědimъ (participle passive present)
běďь (active participle past)
bědę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
bědixъ (aorist first-person singular)
bědi (aorist second-person singular)
bědi (aorist singular third-person)
běďǫ (first-person present singular)
bědiši (present second-person singular)
běditь (present singular third-person)
bědixově (aorist dual first-person)
bědista (aorist dual second-person)
bědiste (aorist dual third-person)
bědivě (dual first-person present)
bědita (dual present second-person)
bědite (dual present third-person)
bědixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bědiste (aorist plural second-person)
bědišę (aorist plural third-person)
bědimъ (first-person plural present)
bědite (plural present second-person)
bědętь (plural present third-person)
běďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
běďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
běďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bědi (imperative second-person singular)
bědi (imperative singular third-person)
běďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
běďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
běďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bědivě (dual first-person imperative)
bědita (dual imperative second-person)
běďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
běďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
běďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bědimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bědite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: беди́ть (bedítʹ)

Ukrainian: біди́ти (bidýty, “to cuss”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: бѣдити (běditi, “to persuade, to force”)

Bulgarian: бедя́ (bedjá, “to accuse, to slander; to persuade, to exhort”) (dated, dialectal)

Macedonian: беди (bedi, “to slander”)

Serbo-Croatian: bijèditi

West Slavic:

Czech: bíditi, běditi (obsolete)

Old Polish: biedzić
Polish: biedzić

Slovak: biediť

Presumably from *běda (“trouble, calamity”) + *-iti, with some of the meanings possibly from an alternative origin. Trubachev considers a convergence of proper *běditi (“to defeat, to compel”) from *běda and secondary *bisti/*biditi → *běditi (“to persuade, to exhort”) ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéydʰeti (“to persuade”) (attested in Ancient Greek πείθω (peíthō, “to convice, to persuade”)).
Considered in the past (by Hirt, Meillet) a borrowing from Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (baidjan, “to compel”), but per Vasmer more likely just a cognate.

cog

to persuade, to exhort, to talk someone into (in South Slavic) (possibly a separate verb)

to accuse, to slander, to badmouth (in South Slavic) (possibly a separate verb)


běgъ

bě̑gъ (canonical masculine)
bě̑gъ (nominative singular)
bě̑ga (dual nominative)
bě̑dzi (nominative plural)
bě̑ga (genitive singular)
běgù (dual genitive)
bě̃gъ (genitive plural)
bě̑gu (dative singular)
běgomà (dative dual)
běgòmъ (dative plural)
bě̑gъ (accusative singular)
bě̑ga (accusative dual)
bě̑gy (accusative plural)
bě̑gъmь (instrumental singular)
bě̑gomь (instrumental singular)
běgomà (dual instrumental)
běgý (instrumental plural)
bě̑dzě (locative singular)
běgù (dual locative)
bědzě̃xъ (locative plural)
běže (singular vocative)
bě̑ga (dual vocative)
bě̑dzi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: бег (bjeh)

Russian: бег (beg)

Ukrainian: біг (bih)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бяг (bjag)

Macedonian: бег (beg)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бије̑г, бе̑г

Latin script: bijȇg, bȇg

West Slavic:

Old Czech: běh

Czech: běh

desctree

Old Polish: bieg
Polish: bieg
Silesian: biyg

Kashubian: biég


běsiti

b (accent-paradigm)
běšenьje (noun-from-verb)
běsiti (infinitive)
běsitъ (supine)
běsilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
běšenъ (participle passive past)
běsimъ (participle passive present)
běšь (active participle past)
běsę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
běsixъ (aorist first-person singular)
běsi (aorist second-person singular)
běsi (aorist singular third-person)
běšǫ (first-person present singular)
běsiši (present second-person singular)
běsitь (present singular third-person)
běsixově (aorist dual first-person)
běsista (aorist dual second-person)
běsiste (aorist dual third-person)
běsivě (dual first-person present)
běsita (dual present second-person)
běsite (dual present third-person)
běsixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
běsiste (aorist plural second-person)
běsišę (aorist plural third-person)
běsimъ (first-person plural present)
běsite (plural present second-person)
běsętь (plural present third-person)
běšaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
běšaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
běšaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
běsi (imperative second-person singular)
běsi (imperative singular third-person)
běšaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
běšaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
běšaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
běsivě (dual first-person imperative)
běsita (dual imperative second-person)
běšaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
běšaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
běšaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
běsimъ (first-person imperative plural)
běsite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: беси́ть (besítʹ)

Ukrainian: біси́тися (bisýtysja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: бѣсити (běsiti)

desc

Bulgarian: беся́ се (besjá se, “to be mad”) (rare)

⇒ Bulgarian: вбеся̀вам (vbesjàvam, “to enrage”)

Serbo-Croatian: бе́сити се (rare)

West Slavic:

Polish: biesić (archaic)

Denominal causative from *běsъ (“rage, rabies”) + *-iti.


blazniti

blaznìti (canonical)
b (accent-paradigm)
blazňenьje (noun-from-verb)
blazniti (infinitive)
blaznitъ (supine)
blaznilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
blazňenъ (participle passive past)
blaznimъ (participle passive present)
blazňь (active participle past)
blaznę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
blaznixъ (aorist first-person singular)
blazni (aorist second-person singular)
blazni (aorist singular third-person)
blazňǫ (first-person present singular)
blazniši (present second-person singular)
blaznitь (present singular third-person)
blaznixově (aorist dual first-person)
blaznista (aorist dual second-person)
blazniste (aorist dual third-person)
blaznivě (dual first-person present)
blaznita (dual present second-person)
blaznite (dual present third-person)
blaznixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
blazniste (aorist plural second-person)
blaznišę (aorist plural third-person)
blaznimъ (first-person plural present)
blaznite (plural present second-person)
blaznętь (plural present third-person)
blazňaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
blazňaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
blazňaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
blazni (imperative second-person singular)
blazni (imperative singular third-person)
blazňaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
blazňaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
blazňaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
blaznivě (dual first-person imperative)
blaznita (dual imperative second-person)
blazňaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
blazňaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
blazňaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
blaznimъ (first-person imperative plural)
blaznite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: блазни́ть (blaznítʹ)

Ukrainian: блазни́тися (blaznýtysja, “to make fun of”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: блазнити (blazniti)

Bulgarian: бла̀зня (blàznja)

Macedonian: блазни (blazni)

Serbo-Croatian: blazniti

Slovene: blaznẹ́ti (ě-stem)

West Slavic:

Czech: bláznit

Polish: błaźnić

Slovak: blázniť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: błazniś

Upper Sorbian: błaznić

Causative denominal verb from *blaznь (“bait”) + *-iti, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleǵ- (“to strike”)


bľudo

bľùdo (canonical neuter)
bľùdo (nominative singular)
bľùdě (dual nominative)
bľùda (nominative plural)
bľùda (genitive singular)
bľùdu (dual genitive)
bľùdъ (genitive plural)
bľùdu (dative singular)
bľùdoma (dative dual)
bľùdomъ (dative plural)
bľùdo (accusative singular)
bľùdě (accusative dual)
bľùda (accusative plural)
bľùdъmь (instrumental singular)
bľùdomь (instrumental singular)
bľùdoma (dual instrumental)
bľùdȳ (instrumental plural)
bľùdě (locative singular)
bľùdu (dual locative)
bľùdě̄xъ (locative plural)
bľùdo (singular vocative)
bľùdě (dual vocative)
bľùda (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: блюдо (bljudo)

Belarusian: блю́да (bljúda)

Russian: блю́до (bljúdo)

Ukrainian: блю́до (bljúdo)

Old Novgorodian: блудо (bludo)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: блюдо (bljudo)

Glagolitic script: ⰱⰾⱓⰴⱁ (bljudo)

Bulgarian: блю́до (bljúdo)

Macedonian: бљудо (bljudo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бљу̏до

Latin script: bljȕdo

West Slavic:

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: blido

Upper Sorbian: blido

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: blude

→ Latvian: bļoda

→ Romanian: blid

Borrowed from either Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌸𐍃 (biuþs, “table”) or Proto-West Germanic *beud (“dish, table”).


bodъ

bȍdъ (canonical masculine)
bȍdъ (nominative singular)
bȍda (dual nominative)
bȍdi (nominative plural)
bȍda (genitive singular)
bodù (dual genitive)
bòdъ (genitive plural)
bȍdu (dative singular)
bodomà (dative dual)
bodòmъ (dative plural)
bȍdъ (accusative singular)
bȍda (accusative dual)
bȍdy (accusative plural)
bȍdъmь (instrumental singular)
bȍdomь (instrumental singular)
bodomà (dual instrumental)
bodý (instrumental plural)
bȍdě (locative singular)
bodù (dual locative)
bodě̃xъ (locative plural)
bode (singular vocative)
bȍda (dual vocative)
bȍdi (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бод (bod)

Macedonian: бод (bod)

Serbo-Croatian: bȏd

West Slavic:

Old Czech: bod

Czech: bod

Slovincian: bód

Slovak: bod

Continues Proto-Balto-Slavic *badas from Proto-Indo-European *bʰedʰh₂- (“to prick, to dig”). Cognate with Lithuanian bãdas (“hunger, famine”), Latvian bads (“hunger, famine”) and akin to Old Prussian boadis (“sting”) (i-stem). For the sense of hunger, starvation in East Baltic, compare the dialectal Proto-Slavic *dьrča (“hunger, stomach growling”) from Proto-Slavic *dьrkati (“to pluck, to tug”).


borniti

bornìti (canonical imperfective)
borněvati (perfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
borňenьje (noun-from-verb)
borniti (infinitive)
bornitъ (supine)
bornilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
borňenъ (participle passive past)
bornimъ (participle passive present)
borňь (active participle past)
bornę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
bornixъ (aorist first-person singular)
borni (aorist second-person singular)
borni (aorist singular third-person)
borňǫ (first-person present singular)
borniši (present second-person singular)
bornitь (present singular third-person)
bornixově (aorist dual first-person)
bornista (aorist dual second-person)
borniste (aorist dual third-person)
bornivě (dual first-person present)
bornita (dual present second-person)
bornite (dual present third-person)
bornixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
borniste (aorist plural second-person)
bornišę (aorist plural third-person)
bornimъ (first-person plural present)
bornite (plural present second-person)
bornętь (plural present third-person)
borňaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
borňaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
borňaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
borni (imperative second-person singular)
borni (imperative singular third-person)
borňaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
borňaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
borňaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bornivě (dual first-person imperative)
bornita (dual imperative second-person)
borňaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
borňaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
borňaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bornimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bornite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old Ruthenian: борони́ти (boroníti)

Ukrainian: борони́ти (boronýty)

Russian: борони́ть (boronítʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бра́ня (bránja)

Macedonian: брани (brani)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бранити

Latin script: braniti

Slovene: branīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: brániti

Czech: bránit

Kashubian: bronic

Polish: bronić


brinъ

brìnъ (canonical masculine)
*brina (alternative)
*brimъ (alternative)
brìnъ (nominative singular)
brìna (dual nominative)
brìni (nominative plural)
brìna (genitive singular)
brìnu (dual genitive)
brìnъ (genitive plural)
brìnu (dative singular)
brìnoma (dative dual)
brìnomъ (dative plural)
brìnъ (accusative singular)
brìna (accusative dual)
brìny (accusative plural)
brìnъmь (instrumental singular)
brìnomь (instrumental singular)
brìnoma (dual instrumental)
brìnȳ (instrumental plural)
brìně (locative singular)
brìnu (dual locative)
brìně̄xъ (locative plural)
brìne (singular vocative)
brìna (dual vocative)
brìni (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian: brȋn (“juniper”) (Chakavian)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: brȉn (“juniper”) (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: břím (“larch”)

→ Silesian: brzim

desc

Polish: brzyn (“type of deciduous shrub”) (regional)

Per Snoj, from the root of Proto-Slavic *borъ (“pine”), perhaps Proto-Indo-European *bʰrH- (“piercing, prickly”) + *-inъ. For the derivation, Snoj juxtaposes it with Proto-Slavic *klinъ (“wedge”) < *kolti (“to slaughter”), *kolъ (“stake”). Semantically, either referring to the sharpness of the conifer leaves or the pungent smell of their resin.
Possibly cognate with Proto-Germanic *brīnaz (“briny, salty”).

cog

→ juniper (family Cupressaceae)

→ larch (family Pinaceae)


brudъ

brùdъ (canonical masculine)
*brùda (alternative)
brùdъ (nominative singular)
brùda (dual nominative)
brùdi (nominative plural)
brùda (genitive singular)
brùdu (dual genitive)
brùdъ (genitive plural)
brùdu (dative singular)
brùdoma (dative dual)
brùdomъ (dative plural)
brùdъ (accusative singular)
brùda (accusative dual)
brùdy (accusative plural)
brùdъmь (instrumental singular)
brùdomь (instrumental singular)
brùdoma (dual instrumental)
brùdȳ (instrumental plural)
brùdě (locative singular)
brùdu (dual locative)
brùdě̄xъ (locative plural)
brùde (singular vocative)
brùda (dual vocative)
brùdi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: бруд (brud)

Ukrainian: бруд (brud)

West Slavic:

Polish: brud

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: bruda f

Upper Sorbian: brud

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewd- (“to break, to crumble”). Compare English brittle, Albanian brydh (“to soften”).


cěpiti

cěpìti (canonical imperfective)
cěpnǫti (perfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
cěpľenьje (noun-from-verb)
cěpiti (infinitive)
cěpitъ (supine)
cěpilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
cěpľenъ (participle passive past)
cěpimъ (participle passive present)
cěpľь (active participle past)
cěpę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
cěpixъ (aorist first-person singular)
cěpi (aorist second-person singular)
cěpi (aorist singular third-person)
cěpľǫ (first-person present singular)
cěpiši (present second-person singular)
cěpitь (present singular third-person)
cěpixově (aorist dual first-person)
cěpista (aorist dual second-person)
cěpiste (aorist dual third-person)
cěpivě (dual first-person present)
cěpita (dual present second-person)
cěpite (dual present third-person)
cěpixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
cěpiste (aorist plural second-person)
cěpišę (aorist plural third-person)
cěpimъ (first-person plural present)
cěpite (plural present second-person)
cěpętь (plural present third-person)
cěpľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
cěpľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
cěpľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
cěpi (imperative second-person singular)
cěpi (imperative singular third-person)
cěpľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
cěpľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
cěpľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
cěpivě (dual first-person imperative)
cěpita (dual imperative second-person)
cěpľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
cěpľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
cěpľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
cěpimъ (first-person imperative plural)
cěpite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: -цепи́ть (-cepítʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: це́пя (cépja)

Macedonian: цепи (cepi)

Serbo-Croatian:

desc

Cyrillic script: це́пити, ције́пити

Cyrillic script: це́пити, ције́пити

Latin script: cépiti, cijépiti

Slovene: cepīti (tonal orthography)

From pre-Slavic *(s)koyp- (“to chop, to split”) + *-éyeti. Akin to Proto-Germanic *skiftijaną (“to shift”).


osь

ȍsь (canonical feminine)
ȍsь (nominative singular)
ȍsi (dual nominative)
ȍsi (nominative plural)
osí (genitive singular)
osьjù (dual genitive)
osь̀jь (genitive plural)
ȍsi (dative singular)
osьmà (dative dual)
ȍsьmъ (dative plural)
ȍsь (accusative singular)
ȍsi (accusative dual)
ȍsi (accusative plural)
osьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
osьmà (dual instrumental)
osьmì (instrumental plural)
osí (locative singular)
osьjù (dual locative)
ȍsьxъ (locative plural)
osi (singular vocative)
ȍsi (dual vocative)
ȍsi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ось (osĭ)

Belarusian: вось (vosʹ)

Russian: ось (osʹ)

Ukrainian: вісь (visʹ), genitive: о́сі (ósi)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ось (osĭ)

Bulgarian: ос (os)

⇒ Macedonian: оска (oska)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̑с, о̑са

Latin script: ȏs, ȏsa

Slovene: ọ̑s (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: osa

Polabian: vis

Polish: oś

Slovak: os

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wós

Upper Sorbian: wóřs

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: osie

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-?
Proto-Indo-European *-os?
Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱs-
Proto-Indo-European *-is
Proto-Balto-Slavic *aśís
Proto-Slavic *osь
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *aśís, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱs-.


svьrčь

*cvьrčь (alternative)
svьrčь (nominative singular)
svьrča (dual nominative)
svьrči (nominative plural)
svьrča (genitive singular)
svьrču (dual genitive)
svьrčь (genitive plural)
svьrču (dative singular)
svьrčema (dative dual)
svьrčemъ (dative plural)
svьrčь (accusative singular)
svьrča (accusative dual)
svьrčę̇ (accusative plural)
svьrčьmь (instrumental singular)
svьrčemь (instrumental singular)
svьrčema (dual instrumental)
svьrči (instrumental plural)
svьrči (locative singular)
svьrču (dual locative)
svьrčixъ (locative plural)
svьrču (singular vocative)
svьrča (dual vocative)
svьrči (plural vocative)

West Slavic:

Old Polish: świercz, śwircz

Polish: świercz (obsolete), świerszcz

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: šwjerč

Lower Sorbian: šwjеrс

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: свьрчькъ (svĭrčĭkŭ)

Belarusian: свершч (svjeršč) (rare)

Russian: сверчо́к (sverčók)

Ukrainian: сверщ (sveršč) (rare)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: свръчькъ (svrŭčĭkŭ) (Serbian rendition)

Bulgarian: цвърчо́к (cvǎrčók) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: цвр́чак

Latin script: cvŕčak

Slovene: cvȓček, svȓček

West Slavic:

Old Czech: cvrček

Czech: cvrček

Bohemian (Chod dialect): cvrček

Polabian: svarcėk

Slovak: svrček

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: суrčаk (“grasshopper”)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: цвырку́н (cvyrkún)

Ukrainian: цвірку́н (cvirkún)

From *(s)kvьrčěti (“to squeak”) + *-ь, of onomatopoeic origin according to Vasmer.


ščurьcь

ščurьcь (nominative singular)
ščurьca (dual nominative)
ščurьci (nominative plural)
ščurьca (genitive singular)
ščurьcu (dual genitive)
ščurьcь (genitive plural)
ščurьcu (dative singular)
ščurьcema (dative dual)
ščurьcemъ (dative plural)
ščurьcь (accusative singular)
ščurьca (accusative dual)
ščurьcę̇ (accusative plural)
ščurьcьmь (instrumental singular)
ščurьcemь (instrumental singular)
ščurьcema (dual instrumental)
ščurьci (instrumental plural)
ščurьci (locative singular)
ščurьcu (dual locative)
ščurьcixъ (locative plural)
ščurьče (singular vocative)
ščurьca (dual vocative)
ščurьci (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: щурец (šturec)

Macedonian: штурец (šturec)

Serbo-Croatian: štúrak (Croatian)

Slovene: ščúrək (tonal orthography)

From *ščurъ (“playful, perky”) + *-ьcь, probably of onomatopoeic origin.


čerdъ

čẽrdъ (canonical masculine)
čẽrdъ (nominative singular)
čērdà (dual nominative)
čērdì (nominative plural)
čērdà (genitive singular)
čērdù (dual genitive)
čẽrdъ (genitive plural)
čērdù (dative singular)
čērdòma (dative dual)
čērdòmъ (dative plural)
čẽrdъ (accusative singular)
čērdà (accusative dual)
čērdỳ (accusative plural)
čērdъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
čērdòmь (instrumental singular)
čērdòma (dual instrumental)
čẽrdy (instrumental plural)
čērdě̀ (locative singular)
čērdù (dual locative)
čẽrděxъ (locative plural)
čerde (singular vocative)
čērdà (dual vocative)
čērdì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: черёд (čerjód)

Ukrainian: че́ред (čéred)


černъ

čẽrnъ (canonical masculine)
čẽrnъ (nominative singular)
čērnà (dual nominative)
čērnì (nominative plural)
čērnà (genitive singular)
čērnù (dual genitive)
čẽrnъ (genitive plural)
čērnù (dative singular)
čērnòma (dative dual)
čērnòmъ (dative plural)
čẽrnъ (accusative singular)
čērnà (accusative dual)
čērnỳ (accusative plural)
čērnъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
čērnòmь (instrumental singular)
čērnòma (dual instrumental)
čẽrny (instrumental plural)
čērně̀ (locative singular)
čērnù (dual locative)
čẽrněxъ (locative plural)
černe (singular vocative)
čērnà (dual vocative)
čērnì (plural vocative)
*čerěnъ (alternative)
*čerěnь (alternative)
*černa (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: церенъ (cerenŭ)

Belarusian: чарэ́нь (čarénʹ)

Russian: черен (čeren), чрен (čren), цере́н (cerén), црен (cren), цирен (ciren), че́рен (čéren)

Ukrainian: чері́нь (čerínʹ), чэрэ́н (čèrè́n) (dialectal), чери́н (čerýn), чарэ́н (čarè́n), черэ́н (čerè́n), черо́нь (čerónʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: чрѣнъ (črěnŭ)

Bulgarian: чрен (čren) (archaic)

Macedonian: црен (cren)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: че́рјен, чре̏н (dialectal)

Latin script: čérjen, črȅn (dialectal)

Slovene: čerẹ̑n, črẹ̑n

West Slavic:

Old Czech: čeřěn

Czech: čeřen

desctree

Old Polish: czeran, czran, czrzan, trzan
Polish: trzon
→ Czech: třeň
Silesian: strzōn

Slovak: čereň

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: šeŕeń

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kernas, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer-no-s, from *kʷer-.

→ pot


čerpti

čьrpenьje (noun-from-verb)
čerpti (infinitive)
čerptъ (supine)
čьrplъ (l-participle)
čьrpenъ (participle passive past)
čьrpomъ (participle passive present)
čьrpъ (active participle past)
čьrpy (active participle present)
čьrpъ (aorist first-person singular)
čьrpoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
čьrpe (aorist second-person singular)
čьrpe (aorist singular third-person)
čьrpǫ (first-person present singular)
čьrpeši (present second-person singular)
čьrpetь (present singular third-person)
čьrpově (aorist dual first-person)
čьrpoxově (aorist dual first-person)
čьrpeta (aorist dual second-person)
čьrposta (aorist dual second-person)
čьrpete (aorist dual third-person)
čьrposte (aorist dual third-person)
čьrpevě (dual first-person present)
čьrpeta (dual present second-person)
čьrpete (dual present third-person)
čьrpomъ (aorist first-person plural)
čьrpoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
čьrpete (aorist plural second-person)
čьrposte (aorist plural second-person)
čьrpǫ (aorist plural third-person)
čьrpošę (aorist plural third-person)
čьrpemъ (first-person plural present)
čьrpete (plural present second-person)
čьrpǫtь (plural present third-person)
čьrpěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
čьrpěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
čьrpěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
čьrpi (imperative second-person singular)
čьrpi (imperative singular third-person)
čьrpěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
čьrpěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
čьrpěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
čьrpěvě (dual first-person imperative)
čьrpěta (dual imperative second-person)
čьrpěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
čьrpěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
čьrpěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
čьrpěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
čьrpěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: черці (čjerci)

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Ukrainian: чере́ти (čeréty), черпсти́ (čerpstý)

Russian: че́рти (čérti)

South Slavic:

⇒ Old Church Slavonic: почрѣти (počrěti)

Church Slavonic: чръти (črŭti), чръсти (črŭsti), чрърсти (črŭrsti)

Bulgarian: че́рпа (čérpa); чъ́рпа (čǎ́rpa), цъ́рпа (cǎ́rpa) (dialectal)

Macedonian: црпе (crpe)

Serbo-Croatian: cȑpsti

Chakavian Serbo-Croatian: čristi

West Slavic:

Old Czech: čřieti

Czech: čříti (dated)

Old Polish: *czrzeć

⇒ Old Polish: naczarli (3rd person plural past)

Slovak: črieť

Sorbian:

⇒ Lower Sorbian: načrěć

Upper Sorbian: crěś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kerptei, *kirptei, from Proto-Indo-European *kerp-, from *(s)ker-. Cognate with Latvian cìrpt (“to shave”), Lithuanian kir̃pti (“to cut, chop”).

to scoop, draw (about water or something loose)