melti

mèlti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
meltьje (noun-from-verb)
melti (infinitive)
meltъ (supine)
mellъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
meltъ (participle passive past)
meľemъ (participle passive present)
melvъ (active participle past)
meľę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
melsъ (aorist first-person singular)
mel (aorist second-person singular)
mel (aorist singular third-person)
meľǫ (first-person present singular)
meľeši (present second-person singular)
meľetь (present singular third-person)
melsově (aorist dual first-person)
melsta (aorist dual second-person)
melste (aorist dual third-person)
meľevě (dual first-person present)
meľeta (dual present second-person)
meľete (dual present third-person)
melsomъ (aorist first-person plural)
melste (aorist plural second-person)
melsę (aorist plural third-person)
meľemъ (first-person plural present)
meľete (plural present second-person)
meľǫtь (plural present third-person)
meľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
meľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
meľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
meľi (imperative second-person singular)
meľi (imperative singular third-person)
meľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
meľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
meľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
meľivě (dual first-person imperative)
meľita (dual imperative second-person)
meľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
meľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
meľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
meľimъ (first-person imperative plural)
meľite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: молоти (moloti)

Belarusian: мало́ць (malócʹ)

Russian: моло́ть (molótʹ)

Ukrainian: моло́ти (molóty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: млѣти (mlěti)

Glagolitic script: ⰿⰾⱑⱅⰻ (mlěti)

Bulgarian: ме́ля (mélja)

Macedonian: меле (mele)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мле̏ти, мље̏ти

Latin: mlȅti, mljȅti

Slovene: mlẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mléti

Czech: mlít

Polabian: mlåt

Old Polish: mleć

Polish: mielić (colloquial), mleć

Silesian: mleć

⇒ Silesian: melać

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: mielëc, młoc

Old Slovak:

Pannonian Rusyn: млєц (mljec)

Slovak: mlieť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: mlěć

Lower Sorbian: mlaś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *mélˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *melh₂- (“to grind”). Cognates include Lithuanian málti, German mahlen, Latin molō, Ancient Greek μύλη (múlē), Sanskrit मृणाति (mṛṇā́ti) and Hittite [script needed] (malla-ⁱ).


moča

moča (nominative singular)
moči (dual nominative)
močę̇ (nominative plural)
močę̇ (genitive singular)
moču (dual genitive)
močь (genitive plural)
moči (dative singular)
močama (dative dual)
močamъ (dative plural)
močǫ (accusative singular)
moči (accusative dual)
močę̇ (accusative plural)
močejǫ (instrumental singular)
močǫ (instrumental singular)
močama (dual instrumental)
močami (instrumental plural)
moči (locative singular)
moču (dual locative)
močasъ (locative plural)
močaxъ (locative plural)
moče (singular vocative)
moči (dual vocative)
močę̇ (plural vocative)
*močь (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: моча f (moča)

Belarusian: мача (mača)

Russian: моча́ f (močá)

Ukrainian: міч f (mič)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Church Slavonic: моча f (moča), мочь (močĭ)

Bulgarian: моч (moč)

Macedonian: моч f (moč)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мо́ча f

Latin script: móča f

Slovene: moča m

West Slavic:

Czech: moč f

Polish: mocz m

Slovak: moč m

Sorbian

Upper Sorbian: moč m


sěra

sěra (nominative singular)
sěrě (dual nominative)
sěry (nominative plural)
sěry (genitive singular)
sěru (dual genitive)
sěrъ (genitive plural)
sěrě (dative singular)
sěrama (dative dual)
sěramъ (dative plural)
sěrǫ (accusative singular)
sěrě (accusative dual)
sěry (accusative plural)
sěrojǫ (instrumental singular)
sěrǫ (instrumental singular)
sěrama (dual instrumental)
sěrami (instrumental plural)
sěrě (locative singular)
sěru (dual locative)
sěrasъ (locative plural)
sěraxъ (locative plural)
sěro (singular vocative)
sěrě (dual vocative)
sěry (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сѣра (sěra)

Belarusian: се́ра (sjéra)

Russian: се́ра (séra)

Ukrainian: сі́ра (síra)

⇒ Ukrainian: сі́рка (sírka)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сѣра (sěra)

Bulgarian: ся́ра (sjára)

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: sjȅra

Cyrillic script: сје̏ра

West Slavic:

Old Czech: síra

Czech: síra

⇒ Kashubian: sarka

Old Polish: siara, szara

Polish: siara

⇒ Polish: siarka

Slovak: síra

⇒ Slovak: sirka

Sorbian:

⇒ Lower Sorbian: syrik (literary)

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: serë

Origin unclear.
Baltic forms (Lithuanian sierà, Latvian sērs) were likely borrowed from Old East Slavic.
It is unclear whether Old East Slavic цѣрь (cěrĭ, “sulfur”) is related.


sьrebro

sьrebrò (canonical neuter)
sьrebrò (nominative singular)
sьrèbrě (dual nominative)
sьrebrà (nominative plural)
sьrebrà (genitive singular)
sьrebrù (dual genitive)
sьrèbrъ (genitive plural)
sьrebrù (dative singular)
sьrebròma (dative dual)
sьrebròmъ (dative plural)
sьrebrò (accusative singular)
sьrèbrě (accusative dual)
sьrebrà (accusative plural)
sьrebrъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
sьrebròmь (instrumental singular)
sьrebròma (dual instrumental)
sьrèbry (instrumental plural)
sьrebrě̀ (locative singular)
sьrebrù (dual locative)
sьrèbrěxъ (locative plural)
sьrebrò (singular vocative)
sьrèbrě (dual vocative)
sьrebrà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сьребро (sĭrebro)

Old Ruthenian: серебро (serebro)

Belarusian: серабро́ (sjerabró)

Ukrainian: серебро́ (serebró)

Russian: серебро́ (serebró)

desc

Old Novgorodian: сьребро (sĭrebro), сьбро (sĭbro)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: сьребро (sĭrebro), съребро (sŭrebro)

Glagolitic: ⱄⱐⱃⰵⰱⱃⱁ (sĭrebro), ⱄⱏⱃⰵⰱⱃⱁ (sŭrebro)

Macedonian: сребро (srebro)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: срѐбро

Latin script: srèbro

Slovene: srebrọ̑ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: strzébro

desctree

Old Polish: śrzebro, jrzebro, strzebro, śrebro
Polish: srebro
Silesian: strzybło, strzybro
→ Old Ruthenian: сре́бро (srébro)
Belarusian: срэ́бра (srébra)
Ukrainian: сре́бро́ (srébró), сребло́ (srebló)

Slovak: srebro, stréblo (dialectal)

Polabian: srebrü

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: slěbro

Lower Sorbian: slobro, slabro

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сьрѣбро (sĭrěbro)

Old Ruthenian: срѣбро (srěbro)

desc

Ukrainian: срі́бло́ (sríbló); срі́бро (sríbro) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: střiebro
Czech: stříbro

Old Slovak: striebro, stríbro, sriebro, sríbro

Pannonian Rusyn: стрибло (striblo)

Slovak: striebro; striablo (dialectal)

→ Carpathian Rusyn: стрібро (stribro)

→ Ukrainian: стрі́бло (stríblo) (dialectal)

A wanderword from a non-Indo-European language, perhaps originally substrate. Compare Lithuanian sidãbras, Latvian sidrabs, sudrabs, Old Prussian sirablan, and to the west, Proto-Germanic *silubrą, Basque zilar, and Proto-Berber *a-ẓrəf.


zidъ

zidъ (nominative singular)
zida (dual nominative)
zidi (nominative plural)
zida (genitive singular)
zidu (dual genitive)
zidъ (genitive plural)
zidu (dative singular)
zidoma (dative dual)
zidomъ (dative plural)
zidъ (accusative singular)
zida (accusative dual)
zidy (accusative plural)
zidъmь (instrumental singular)
zidomь (instrumental singular)
zidoma (dual instrumental)
zidy (instrumental plural)
zidě (locative singular)
zidu (dual locative)
ziděxъ (locative plural)
zide (singular vocative)
zida (dual vocative)
zidi (plural vocative)
*zьdь (alternative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: зъдъ (zŭdŭ), зьдъ (zĭdŭ), зьдь (zĭdĭ)

Bulgarian: зид (zid), дзид (dzid) (dialectal)

Macedonian: ѕид (dzid)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: зи̑д, за̑д; ѕьд (Torlakian dialects)

Latin script: zȋd, zȃd

Slovene: zȋd (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: zed

Czech: zeď

Kashubian: zyd

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: zid

→ Romanian: zid

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *źéidis,*źéidas, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeyǵʰ- (“knead clay, coat with loam”) via metathesis. Cognate with Old Prussian seydis. (i.e zeydis, with s due to German orthography).


mědь

mě̀dь (canonical feminine)
mě̀dь (nominative singular)
mě̀di (dual nominative)
mě̀di (nominative plural)
mě̀dī (genitive singular)
mě̀dьju (dual genitive)
mě̀dьjь (genitive plural)
mě̀di (dative singular)
mě̀dьma (dative dual)
mě̀dьmъ (dative plural)
mě̀dь (accusative singular)
mě̀di (accusative dual)
mě̀di (accusative plural)
mě̀dьjǫ (instrumental singular)
mě̀dьma (dual instrumental)
mě̀dьmī (instrumental plural)
mě̀dī (locative singular)
mě̀dьju (dual locative)
mě̀dьxъ (locative plural)
mědi (singular vocative)
mě̀di (dual vocative)
mě̀di (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мѣдь (mědĭ)

Belarusian: медзь (mjedzʹ)

Russian: медь (medʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: мідь (midʹ)

Ukrainian: мідь (midʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мѣдь (mědĭ)

Glagolitic: ⰿⱑⰴⱐ (mědĭ)

Bulgarian: мед (med)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мје̏д, ме̏д

Latin: mjȅd, mȅd

Slovene: mẹ̑d (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: měd

Czech: měď

Polish: miedź

Slovak: meď

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: měź

Upper Sorbian: mjedź

Perhaps related to Proto-Germanic *smiþaz, Ancient Greek σμῑ́λη (smī́lē), Proto-Celtic *meinis, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)meh₁y- (“to mince, to twist”). Bernecker conjectures a possible relation between the Slavic term and Hittite [script needed] (miti-, “reddish”). The latter may be the origin of the name of the mythical King Μίδας (Mídas) (of Phrygian origin) who, according to the legend, was cursed to transform any object he touched into gold. Possibly cognate with "medъ".


svinьcь

svinьcь (nominative singular)
svinьca (dual nominative)
svinьci (nominative plural)
svinьca (genitive singular)
svinьcu (dual genitive)
svinьcь (genitive plural)
svinьcu (dative singular)
svinьcema (dative dual)
svinьcemъ (dative plural)
svinьcь (accusative singular)
svinьca (accusative dual)
svinьcę̇ (accusative plural)
svinьcьmь (instrumental singular)
svinьcemь (instrumental singular)
svinьcema (dual instrumental)
svinьci (instrumental plural)
svinьci (locative singular)
svinьcu (dual locative)
svinьcixъ (locative plural)
svinьče (singular vocative)
svinьca (dual vocative)
svinьci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: свиньць (svinĭcĭ)

Belarusian: свіне́ц (svinjéc)

desctree

Russian: свине́ц (svinéc), свине́цъ (svinéc) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Kildin Sami: выӊӊҍц (vyn̥n̥’c)
→ Yakut: сибиниэс (sibinies)

Ukrainian: свине́ць (svynécʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: свиньць (svinĭcĭ)

Glagolitic script: [Term?]

Slovene: svínəc (tonal orthography)

From *svinъ + *-ьcь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *śwīnas, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwi-no- (“light-colored metal”) or *ḱwī-no-.
Cognate with Lithuanian švi̇̀nas and Latvian svins.


dobyťa

dobyťa (nominative singular)
dobyťi (dual nominative)
dobyťę̇ (nominative plural)
dobyťę̇ (genitive singular)
dobyťu (dual genitive)
dobyťь (genitive plural)
dobyťi (dative singular)
dobyťama (dative dual)
dobyťamъ (dative plural)
dobyťǫ (accusative singular)
dobyťi (accusative dual)
dobyťę̇ (accusative plural)
dobyťejǫ (instrumental singular)
dobyťǫ (instrumental singular)
dobyťama (dual instrumental)
dobyťami (instrumental plural)
dobyťi (locative singular)
dobyťu (dual locative)
dobyťasъ (locative plural)
dobyťaxъ (locative plural)
dobyťe (singular vocative)
dobyťi (dual vocative)
dobyťę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: добыча (dobyča)

Ukrainian: добич (dobyč), dial. добича (dobyča)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian::

Cyrillic script: доби́ћа

Latin script: dobíća

Slovene: dobíča

West Slavic:

Polish: zdobycz


buřelomъ

buřelomъ (nominative singular)
buřeloma (dual nominative)
buřelomi (nominative plural)
buřeloma (genitive singular)
buřelomu (dual genitive)
buřelomъ (genitive plural)
buřelomu (dative singular)
buřelomoma (dative dual)
buřelomomъ (dative plural)
buřelomъ (accusative singular)
buřeloma (accusative dual)
buřelomy (accusative plural)
buřelomъmь (instrumental singular)
buřelomomь (instrumental singular)
buřelomoma (dual instrumental)
buřelomy (instrumental plural)
buřelomě (locative singular)
buřelomu (dual locative)
buřeloměxъ (locative plural)
buřelome (singular vocative)
buřeloma (dual vocative)
buřelomi (plural vocative)
*burolomъ (alternative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: буралом (buralóm)

Russian: бурело́м (burelóm), (dialectal) быролом (byrolom)

Ukrainian: бурело́м (burelóm), (dialectal) буролом (burolom)


nevidimъ

nevidimъ (masculine nominative singular)
nevidima (feminine nominative singular)
nevidimo (neuter nominative singular)
nevidima (genitive masculine singular)
nevidimy (feminine genitive singular)
nevidima (genitive neuter singular)
nevidimu (dative masculine singular)
nevidimě (dative feminine singular)
nevidimu (dative neuter singular)
nevidimъ (accusative masculine singular)
nevidimǫ (accusative feminine singular)
nevidimo (accusative neuter singular)
nevidimomь (instrumental masculine singular)
nevidimojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
nevidimomь (instrumental neuter singular)
nevidimě (locative masculine singular)
nevidimě (feminine locative singular)
nevidimě (locative neuter singular)
nevidime (masculine singular vocative)
nevidimo (feminine singular vocative)
nevidimo (neuter singular vocative)
nevidima (dual masculine nominative)
nevidimě (dual feminine nominative)
nevidimě (dual neuter nominative)
nevidimu (dual genitive masculine)
nevidimu (dual feminine genitive)
nevidimu (dual genitive neuter)
nevidimoma (dative dual masculine)
nevidimama (dative dual feminine)
nevidimoma (dative dual neuter)
nevidima (accusative dual masculine)
nevidimě (accusative dual feminine)
nevidimě (accusative dual neuter)
nevidimoma (dual instrumental masculine)
nevidimama (dual feminine instrumental)
nevidimoma (dual instrumental neuter)
nevidimu (dual locative masculine)
nevidimu (dual feminine locative)
nevidimu (dual locative neuter)
nevidima (dual masculine vocative)
nevidimě (dual feminine vocative)
nevidimě (dual neuter vocative)
nevidimi (masculine nominative plural)
nevidimy (feminine nominative plural)
nevidima (neuter nominative plural)
nevidimъ (genitive masculine plural)
nevidimъ (feminine genitive plural)
nevidimъ (genitive neuter plural)
nevidimomъ (dative masculine plural)
nevidimamъ (dative feminine plural)
nevidimomъ (dative neuter plural)
nevidimy (accusative masculine plural)
nevidimy (accusative feminine plural)
nevidima (accusative neuter plural)
nevidimy (instrumental masculine plural)
nevidimami (feminine instrumental plural)
nevidimy (instrumental neuter plural)
nevidiměxъ (locative masculine plural)
nevidimaxъ (feminine locative plural)
nevidiměxъ (locative neuter plural)
nevidimi (masculine plural vocative)
nevidimy (feminine plural vocative)
nevidima (neuter plural vocative)
nevidimъjь (masculine nominative singular)
nevidimaja (feminine nominative singular)
nevidimoje (neuter nominative singular)
nevidimajego (genitive masculine singular)
nevidimyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
nevidimajego (genitive neuter singular)
nevidimujemu (dative masculine singular)
nevidiměji (dative feminine singular)
nevidimujemu (dative neuter singular)
nevidimъjь (accusative masculine singular)
nevidimǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
nevidimoje (accusative neuter singular)
nevidimyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
nevidimǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
nevidimyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
nevidimějemь (locative masculine singular)
nevidiměji (feminine locative singular)
nevidimějemь (locative neuter singular)
nevidimъjь (masculine singular vocative)
nevidimaja (feminine singular vocative)
nevidimoje (neuter singular vocative)
nevidimaja (dual masculine nominative)
nevidiměji (dual feminine nominative)
nevidiměji (dual neuter nominative)
nevidimuju (dual genitive masculine)
nevidimuju (dual feminine genitive)
nevidimuju (dual genitive neuter)
nevidimyjima (dative dual masculine)
nevidimyjima (dative dual feminine)
nevidimyjima (dative dual neuter)
nevidimaja (accusative dual masculine)
nevidiměji (accusative dual feminine)
nevidiměji (accusative dual neuter)
nevidimyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
nevidimyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
nevidimyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
nevidimuju (dual locative masculine)
nevidimuju (dual feminine locative)
nevidimuju (dual locative neuter)
nevidimaja (dual masculine vocative)
nevidiměji (dual feminine vocative)
nevidiměji (dual neuter vocative)
nevidimiji (masculine nominative plural)
nevidimyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
nevidimaja (neuter nominative plural)
nevidimъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
nevidimъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
nevidimъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
nevidimyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
nevidimyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
nevidimyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
nevidimyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
nevidimyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
nevidimaja (accusative neuter plural)
nevidimyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
nevidimyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
nevidimyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
nevidimyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
nevidimyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
nevidimyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
nevidimiji (masculine plural vocative)
nevidimyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
nevidimaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: невиди́мꙑи (nevidímyi)

Russian: неви́димый (nevídimyj), dial. невиди́м (nevidím)

Ukrainian: невидимий (nevydymyj)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: неви́дим (nevídim)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: невидим

Latin script: nevidim

From *ne- (“not”) + *vidimъ (“visible”), from *viděti.


pustъ

pȗstъ (canonical)
pustъ (masculine nominative singular)
pusta (feminine nominative singular)
pusto (neuter nominative singular)
pusta (genitive masculine singular)
pusty (feminine genitive singular)
pusta (genitive neuter singular)
pustu (dative masculine singular)
pustě (dative feminine singular)
pustu (dative neuter singular)
pustъ (accusative masculine singular)
pustǫ (accusative feminine singular)
pusto (accusative neuter singular)
pustomь (instrumental masculine singular)
pustojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
pustomь (instrumental neuter singular)
pustě (locative masculine singular)
pustě (feminine locative singular)
pustě (locative neuter singular)
puste (masculine singular vocative)
pusto (feminine singular vocative)
pusto (neuter singular vocative)
pusta (dual masculine nominative)
pustě (dual feminine nominative)
pustě (dual neuter nominative)
pustu (dual genitive masculine)
pustu (dual feminine genitive)
pustu (dual genitive neuter)
pustoma (dative dual masculine)
pustama (dative dual feminine)
pustoma (dative dual neuter)
pusta (accusative dual masculine)
pustě (accusative dual feminine)
pustě (accusative dual neuter)
pustoma (dual instrumental masculine)
pustama (dual feminine instrumental)
pustoma (dual instrumental neuter)
pustu (dual locative masculine)
pustu (dual feminine locative)
pustu (dual locative neuter)
pusta (dual masculine vocative)
pustě (dual feminine vocative)
pustě (dual neuter vocative)
pusti (masculine nominative plural)
pusty (feminine nominative plural)
pusta (neuter nominative plural)
pustъ (genitive masculine plural)
pustъ (feminine genitive plural)
pustъ (genitive neuter plural)
pustomъ (dative masculine plural)
pustamъ (dative feminine plural)
pustomъ (dative neuter plural)
pusty (accusative masculine plural)
pusty (accusative feminine plural)
pusta (accusative neuter plural)
pusty (instrumental masculine plural)
pustami (feminine instrumental plural)
pusty (instrumental neuter plural)
pustěxъ (locative masculine plural)
pustaxъ (feminine locative plural)
pustěxъ (locative neuter plural)
pusti (masculine plural vocative)
pusty (feminine plural vocative)
pusta (neuter plural vocative)
pustъjь (masculine nominative singular)
pustaja (feminine nominative singular)
pustoje (neuter nominative singular)
pustajego (genitive masculine singular)
pustyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
pustajego (genitive neuter singular)
pustujemu (dative masculine singular)
pustěji (dative feminine singular)
pustujemu (dative neuter singular)
pustъjь (accusative masculine singular)
pustǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
pustoje (accusative neuter singular)
pustyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
pustǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
pustyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
pustějemь (locative masculine singular)
pustěji (feminine locative singular)
pustějemь (locative neuter singular)
pustъjь (masculine singular vocative)
pustaja (feminine singular vocative)
pustoje (neuter singular vocative)
pustaja (dual masculine nominative)
pustěji (dual feminine nominative)
pustěji (dual neuter nominative)
pustuju (dual genitive masculine)
pustuju (dual feminine genitive)
pustuju (dual genitive neuter)
pustyjima (dative dual masculine)
pustyjima (dative dual feminine)
pustyjima (dative dual neuter)
pustaja (accusative dual masculine)
pustěji (accusative dual feminine)
pustěji (accusative dual neuter)
pustyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
pustyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
pustyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
pustuju (dual locative masculine)
pustuju (dual feminine locative)
pustuju (dual locative neuter)
pustaja (dual masculine vocative)
pustěji (dual feminine vocative)
pustěji (dual neuter vocative)
pustiji (masculine nominative plural)
pustyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
pustaja (neuter nominative plural)
pustъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
pustъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
pustъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
pustyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
pustyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
pustyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
pustyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
pustyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
pustaja (accusative neuter plural)
pustyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
pustyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
pustyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
pustyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
pustyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
pustyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
pustiji (masculine plural vocative)
pustyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
pustaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: пустъ (pustŭ), пустꙑи (pustyi)

Old Ruthenian: пусты́й (pustýj)

Belarusian: пусты́ (pustý)

Ukrainian: пусти́й (pustýj)

desctree

Russian: пусто́й (pustój)
Kildin Sami: пуссьт (puss’t, “fool, idiot”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: поустъ (pustŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⱆⱄⱅⱏ (pustŭ)

Bulgarian: пуст (pust)

Macedonian: пуст (pust)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пу̑ст

Latin script: pȗst

Slovene: pȗst (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: pustý

Kashubian: pùsti

Polish: pusty

Slovak: pustý

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: pusty

Lower Sorbian: pusty

→ Latvian: põsts

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: puszta

→ Romanian: pustă

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *paustas, further etymology is unknown. Cognate with Old Prussian pausto (“wild”). May be connected to Ancient Greek παῦσις (paûsis, “end, rest, pause”) (whence English pause), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w-, but Derksen challenges this on accentual grounds.


pustyni

pustyni (nominative singular)
pustyňi (dual nominative)
pustyňę̇ (nominative plural)
pustyňę̇ (genitive singular)
pustyňu (dual genitive)
pustyňь (genitive plural)
pustyňi (dative singular)
pustyňama (dative dual)
pustyňamъ (dative plural)
pustyňǫ (accusative singular)
pustyňi (accusative dual)
pustyňę̇ (accusative plural)
pustyňejǫ (instrumental singular)
pustyňǫ (instrumental singular)
pustyňama (dual instrumental)
pustyňami (instrumental plural)
pustyňi (locative singular)
pustyňu (dual locative)
pustyňasъ (locative plural)
pustyňaxъ (locative plural)
pustyňe (singular vocative)
pustyňi (dual vocative)
pustyňę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old Ruthenian: пусты́нѧ (pustýnja), пусти́нѧ (pustínja)

Belarusian: пусты́ня (pustýnja)

Ukrainian: пусти́ня (pustýnja) (see also: пусте́ля (pustélja))

Russian: пу́стынь (pústynʹ), пусты́ня (pustýnja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: поустꙑни (pustyni)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⱆⱄⱅⱏⰻⱀⰻ (pustyni)

Bulgarian: пустиня (pustinja)

Macedonian: пустина (pustina)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пу́стиња

Latin script: pústinja

Slovene: pustínja (tonal orthography); see also: puščȃva (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: pustina, (see also: poušť)

Kashubian: pùstiniô

Polish: pustynia

Pannonian Rusyn: пустиня (pustinja)

Slovak: pustina, (see also: púšť)

Non-Slavic:

Romanian: pustiu

Friulian: pustot


gryzti

grỳzti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
gryzenьje (noun-from-verb)
gryzti (infinitive)
gryztъ (supine)
gryzlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
gryzenъ (participle passive past)
gryzomъ (participle passive present)
gryzъ (active participle past)
gryzy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
gryzъ (aorist first-person singular)
gryzoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
gryze (aorist second-person singular)
gryze (aorist singular third-person)
gryzǫ (first-person present singular)
gryzeši (present second-person singular)
gryzetь (present singular third-person)
gryzově (aorist dual first-person)
gryzoxově (aorist dual first-person)
gryzeta (aorist dual second-person)
gryzosta (aorist dual second-person)
gryzete (aorist dual third-person)
gryzoste (aorist dual third-person)
gryzevě (dual first-person present)
gryzeta (dual present second-person)
gryzete (dual present third-person)
gryzomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gryzoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gryzete (aorist plural second-person)
gryzoste (aorist plural second-person)
gryzǫ (aorist plural third-person)
gryzošę (aorist plural third-person)
gryzemъ (first-person plural present)
gryzete (plural present second-person)
gryzǫtь (plural present third-person)
gryzěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gryzěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gryzěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gryzi (imperative second-person singular)
gryzi (imperative singular third-person)
gryzěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gryzěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gryzěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gryzěvě (dual first-person imperative)
gryzěta (dual imperative second-person)
gryzěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gryzěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gryzěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gryzěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
gryzěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: грꙑзти (gryzti)

Belarusian: гры́зці (hrýzci)

Russian: грызть (gryztʹ)

Ukrainian: гри́зти (hrýzty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic грꙑсти (grysti)

Glagolitic ⰳⱃⱏⰹⱄⱅⰺ (grysti)

Bulgarian: гриза́ (grizá)

Macedonian: гризе (grize)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гри̏сти

Latin script: grȉsti

Slovene: grísti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hrýzti

Czech: hrýzt

Polish: gryźć

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: grëzc

Slovincian: grëzc

Slovak: hrýzť

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *grūˀźtei. Cognate with Lithuanian gráužti (“to gnaw”) and Latvian grauzt.


dětę

dě̄tę̀ (canonical)
dě̑tę (canonical neuter)
dě̄tę̀ (nominative singular)
dě̄tę̀ti (dual nominative)
dě̄tę̀tā (nominative plural)
dě̄tę̀te (genitive singular)
dě̄tę̀tu (dual genitive)
dě̄tę̀tъ (genitive plural)
dě̄tę̀ti (dative singular)
dě̄tę̀tьma (dative dual)
dě̄tę̀tьmъ (dative plural)
dě̄tę̀ (accusative singular)
dě̄tę̀ti (accusative dual)
dě̄tę̀tā (accusative plural)
dě̄tę̀tьmь (instrumental singular)
dě̄tę̀tьma (dual instrumental)
dě̄tę̀tȳ (instrumental plural)
dě̄tę̀te (locative singular)
dě̄tę̀tu (dual locative)
dě̄tę̀tьxъ (locative plural)
dě̄tę̀ (singular vocative)
dě̄tę̀ti (dual vocative)
dě̄tę̀tā (plural vocative)
dě̑tę (nominative singular)
dě̑tęti (dual nominative)
dětętà (nominative plural)
dě̑tęte (genitive singular)
dětętù (dual genitive)
dětę̃tъ (genitive plural)
dě̑tęti (dative singular)
dětętьmà (dative dual)
dětę̃tьmъ (dative plural)
dě̑tę (accusative singular)
dě̑tęti (accusative dual)
dětętà (accusative plural)
dě̑tętьmь (instrumental singular)
dětętьmà (dual instrumental)
dětętý (instrumental plural)
dě̑tęte (locative singular)
dětętù (dual locative)
dětę̃tьxъ (locative plural)
dě̑tę (singular vocative)
dě̑tęti (dual vocative)
dětętà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: дѣтѧ́ (dětę́)
Old Ruthenian: дѣтѧ́ (dětjá), дитѧ́ (ditjá)
Belarusian: дзіця́ (dzicjá)
Carpathian Rusyn: дї́тя (djítja)
Ukrainian: дитя́ (dytjá)
Russian: дитя́ (ditjá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: дѣтѧ (dětę)

Glagolitic script: ⰴⱑⱅⱔ (dětę)

Bulgarian: дете́ (deté), дя́те (djáte) (dialectal)

Macedonian: де́те (déte)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: де́те, дије́те

Latin script: déte, dijéte

Slovene: déte

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dietě

Czech: dítě

Kashubian: dzecã

Polabian: detă

Old Polish: dziecię

Polish: dziecię

⇒ Silesian: dziycio

Slovak: dieťa

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: źiśe

Upper Sorbian: dźěćo


dětь

dětь (nominative singular)
děti (dual nominative)
děti (nominative plural)
děti (genitive singular)
dětьju (dual genitive)
dětьjь (genitive plural)
děti (dative singular)
dětьma (dative dual)
dětьmъ (dative plural)
dětь (accusative singular)
děti (accusative dual)
děti (accusative plural)
dětьjǫ (instrumental singular)
dětьma (dual instrumental)
dětьmi (instrumental plural)
děti (locative singular)
dětьju (dual locative)
dětьxъ (locative plural)
děti (singular vocative)
děti (dual vocative)
děti (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian: дѣть

West Slavic:

Czech: dial. děť

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dēˀtis, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suckle, suck”).


dětьca

dětьca (nominative singular)
dětьcę̇ (genitive singular)
dětьci (dative singular)
dětьcǫ (accusative singular)
dětьcejǫ (instrumental singular)
dětьcǫ (instrumental singular)
dětьci (locative singular)
dětьce (singular vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: деца́ (decá)

Macedonian: де́ца (déca)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дѐца, дјѐца

Latin: dèca, djèca

Slovene: déca


bratrьja

bràtrьja (canonical)
bràtьja (canonical feminine)
bràtrьja (nominative singular)
bràtrьję̇ (genitive singular)
bràtrьjī (dative singular)
bràtrьjǫ (accusative singular)
bràtrьjējǫ (instrumental singular)
bràtrьjǭ (instrumental singular)
bràtrьjī (locative singular)
bràtrьje (singular vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: бра́тья pl (brátʹja)

Ukrainian: бра́ття pl (bráttja)

Old Novgorodian: братьꙗ (bratĭja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: братрьꙗ (bratrĭja), братьꙗ (bratĭja)

Glagolitic: ⰱⱃⰰⱅⱃⱐⱑ (bratrĭě), ⰱⱃⰰⱅⱐⱑ (bratĭě)

Bulgarian: братя pl (bratja)

Macedonian: браќа pl (braḱa)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бра̏ћа

Latin script: brȁća

Slovene: brátje pl

West Slavic:

Old Czech: bratřie f sg

Czech: bratří pl

Polish: bracia pl

Old Slovak: bratia

Pannonian Rusyn: браца (braca)

Slovak: bratia pl

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: bratrojo pl

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰreh₂tr̥yeh₂-. By surface analysis, *bratrъ + *-ьja. Cognate with Ancient Greek φρατρία (phratría).


prijьti

prišьstьje (noun-from-verb)
prijьti (infinitive)
prijьtъ (supine)
prišьdlъ (l-participle)
prišьdъ (active participle past)
prijьdъ (aorist first-person singular)
prijьdoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
prijьde (aorist second-person singular)
prijьde (aorist singular third-person)
prijьdǫ (first-person present singular)
prijьdeši (present second-person singular)
prijьdetь (present singular third-person)
prijьdově (aorist dual first-person)
prijьdoxově (aorist dual first-person)
prijьdeta (aorist dual second-person)
prijьdosta (aorist dual second-person)
prijьdete (aorist dual third-person)
prijьdoste (aorist dual third-person)
prijьdevě (dual first-person present)
prijьdeta (dual present second-person)
prijьdete (dual present third-person)
prijьdomъ (aorist first-person plural)
prijьdoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
prijьdete (aorist plural second-person)
prijьdoste (aorist plural second-person)
prijьdǫ (aorist plural third-person)
prijьdošę (aorist plural third-person)
prijьdemъ (first-person plural present)
prijьdete (plural present second-person)
prijьdǫtь (plural present third-person)
prijьdi (imperative second-person singular)
prijьdi (imperative singular third-person)
prijьděvě (dual first-person imperative)
prijьděta (dual imperative second-person)
prijьděmъ (first-person imperative plural)
prijьděte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: прыйсці́ (pryjscí)

Russian: прийти́ (prijtí)

Ukrainian: прийти́ (pryjtý)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: при̑ћи

Latin script: prȋći

Slovene: príti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: przińc

Old Czech: přijíti

Czech: přijít

desctree

Old Polish: przyjć, przyć, przyść
Polish: przyjść, przyść, przyści, przyć, przyjć (Middle Polish)
Silesian: przijś

Slovak: prísť


piskati

pīskàti (canonical)
b (accent-paradigm)
piskanьje (noun-from-verb)
piskati (infinitive)
piskatъ (supine)
piskalъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
piskanъ (participle passive past)
piščimъ (participle passive present)
piskavъ (active participle past)
piščę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
piskaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
piska (aorist second-person singular)
piska (aorist singular third-person)
piščǫ (first-person present singular)
piščiši (present second-person singular)
piščitь (present singular third-person)
piskaxově (aorist dual first-person)
piskasta (aorist dual second-person)
piskaste (aorist dual third-person)
piščivě (dual first-person present)
piščita (dual present second-person)
piščite (dual present third-person)
piskaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
piskaste (aorist plural second-person)
piskašę (aorist plural third-person)
piščimъ (first-person plural present)
piščite (plural present second-person)
piščętь (plural present third-person)
piskaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
piskaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
piskaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pišči (imperative second-person singular)
pišči (imperative singular third-person)
piskaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
piskaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
piskaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
piščivě (dual first-person imperative)
piščita (dual imperative second-person)
piskaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
piskaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
piskaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
piščimъ (first-person imperative plural)
piščite (imperative plural second-person)
b (accent-paradigm)
piskanьje (noun-from-verb)
piskati (infinitive)
piskatъ (supine)
piskalъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
piskanъ (participle passive past)
piskajemъ (participle passive present)
piskavъ (active participle past)
piskaję (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
piskaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
piska (aorist second-person singular)
piska (aorist singular third-person)
piskajǫ (first-person present singular)
piskaješi (present second-person singular)
piskajetь (present singular third-person)
piskaxově (aorist dual first-person)
piskasta (aorist dual second-person)
piskaste (aorist dual third-person)
piskajevě (dual first-person present)
piskajeta (dual present second-person)
piskajete (dual present third-person)
piskaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
piskaste (aorist plural second-person)
piskašę (aorist plural third-person)
piskajemъ (first-person plural present)
piskajete (plural present second-person)
piskajǫtь (plural present third-person)
piskaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
piskaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
piskaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
piskaji (imperative second-person singular)
piskaji (imperative singular third-person)
piskaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
piskaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
piskaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
piskajivě (dual first-person imperative)
piskajita (dual imperative second-person)
piskaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
piskaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
piskaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
piskajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
piskajite (imperative plural second-person)
*pīščàti (alternative)

Church Slavonic: пискати (piskati), 1sg. пищѫ (pištǫ)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: пискати (piskati, “to play the svirel”), 1sg. пищꙋ (pišču) (12th century)

Belarusian: пишча́ць (piščácʹ)

Russian: пища́ть (piščátʹ, “to squeak”), 1sg. пищу́ (piščú)

Ukrainian: пи́скати (pýskaty), пища́ти (pyščáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: пискати (piskati, “to pipe”), 1sg. пискаѭ (piskajǫ)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: пищя́ (pištjá), пи́скам (pískam, “to whistle, to squeak, to howl, to cry”)

Macedonian: писка (piska, “to scream, to shriek”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пи́штати

Latin script: píštati

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: pískati (“to whistle, to play the flute”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. pískam, píščem (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: pískat, píštět (“to whistle”)

desc

Polish: piskać (“to whistle, to squeak”); piszczeć (“to whistle, to squeak”), 1sg. piszczę

Slovak: pískať, pišťať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: piskać, pišćeć

Lower Sorbian: piskaś, pišćaś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pīṣk-. Derksen suggests positing an onomatopoeic root, Proto-Indo-European *pī-, + *-sk-. Vasmer similarly reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *pi-. Cognate with Lithuanian pyškė́ti (“to click, to crack, to snap”) (1sg. pýšku), Latvian pĩkstêt (“to squeak”). Vasmer adds Sanskrit पिच्छोरा (picchorā), पिच्छोला (piccholā, “flute, fife”) < *pisk-, as well as (from the putative root *pi-) Latin pipāre, pipiāre, pīpilāre (“to whistle”), Ancient Greek πίπος (pípos, “chick”), πιππίζω (pippízō, “to whistle”), Sanskrit पिप्पका (píppakā, “(some type of bird)”), पिप्पीक (pippīka, “(some type of animal)”).
Trubachev posits an entirely different root, Proto-Indo-European *(s)peys- (“to blow”), and gives as cognates Middle High German vīsen, vīsten (“to let in wind”), Old Norse fīsa (“to break wind”), Latin spīrō (“to blow”) (infinitive spīrāre).

onomatopoeic

onomatopoeic


stiťi

sti̋ťi (canonical perfective)
stigati (imperfective)
*stignǫti (alternative)
stiženьje (noun-from-verb)
stiťi (infinitive)
stiťь (supine)
stiglъ (l-participle)
stiženъ (participle passive past)
stigъ (active participle past)
stigъ (aorist first-person singular)
stigoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
stiže (aorist second-person singular)
stiže (aorist singular third-person)
stigǫ (first-person present singular)
stižeši (present second-person singular)
stižetь (present singular third-person)
stigově (aorist dual first-person)
stigoxově (aorist dual first-person)
stigeta (aorist dual second-person)
stigosta (aorist dual second-person)
stigete (aorist dual third-person)
stigoste (aorist dual third-person)
stiževě (dual first-person present)
stižeta (dual present second-person)
stižete (dual present third-person)
stigomъ (aorist first-person plural)
stigoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
stigete (aorist plural second-person)
stigoste (aorist plural second-person)
stigǫ (aorist plural third-person)
stigošę (aorist plural third-person)
stižemъ (first-person plural present)
stižete (plural present second-person)
stigǫtь (plural present third-person)
stidzi (imperative second-person singular)
stidzi (imperative singular third-person)
stidzěvě (dual first-person imperative)
stidzěta (dual imperative second-person)
stidzěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
stidzěte (imperative plural second-person)
stiženьje (noun-from-verb)
stiťi (infinitive)
stiťь (supine)
stignǫlъ (l-participle)
stignovenъ (participle passive past)
stignǫvъ (active participle past)
stignǫxъ (aorist first-person singular)
stignǫ (aorist second-person singular)
stignǫ (aorist singular third-person)
stignǫ (first-person present singular)
stigneši (present second-person singular)
stignetь (present singular third-person)
stignǫxově (aorist dual first-person)
stignǫsta (aorist dual second-person)
stignǫste (aorist dual third-person)
stignevě (dual first-person present)
stigneta (dual present second-person)
stignete (dual present third-person)
stignǫxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
stignǫste (aorist plural second-person)
stignǫšę (aorist plural third-person)
stignemъ (first-person plural present)
stignete (plural present second-person)
stignǫtь (plural present third-person)
stigni (imperative second-person singular)
stigni (imperative singular third-person)
stigněvě (dual first-person imperative)
stigněta (dual imperative second-person)
stigněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
stigněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *стичи (*stiči) (1399)

⇒ Old East Slavic: *достичи (*dostiči)

Russian: -сти́чь (-stíčʹ)

desc

Ukrainian: -сти́гти (-stýhty), сти́жити (stýžyty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: сти́же (stíže, “suffices, comes up”) (dialectal, fossilized 3p. sg.)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сти̏ћи

Latin script: stȉći

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *stéigtei, from Proto-Indo-European *stéygʰeti, from the root *steygʰ-. Cognate with Lithuanian stei̇̃gti (“to organize, to found, to produce, (dialectal) to want, to hurry”), stei̇̃gtis (“to hurry up, to try”), Latvian stèigt (“to hurry”), stèigtiês (“to hurry”). Further akin to Sanskrit स्तिघ्नोति (stighnoti, “to rise”), Ancient Greek στείχω (steíkhō, “to walk, to march”), Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽 (steigan, “to climb”), Old Irish tíagu (“I go, I walk”), Albanian shteg (“road”).


bobyrь

bobyrь (nominative singular)
bobyri (dual nominative)
bobyrьje (nominative plural)
bobyri (genitive singular)
bobyrьju (dual genitive)
bobyrьjь (genitive plural)
bobyri (dative singular)
bobyrьma (dative dual)
bobyrьmъ (dative plural)
bobyrь (accusative singular)
bobyri (accusative dual)
bobyri (accusative plural)
bobyrьmь (instrumental singular)
bobyrьma (dual instrumental)
bobyrьmi (instrumental plural)
bobyri (locative singular)
bobyrьju (dual locative)
bobyrьxъ (locative plural)
bobyri (singular vocative)
bobyri (dual vocative)
bobyrьje (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: бобꙑрь (bobyrĭ)

desc

Russian: бобы́рь (bobýrʹ), бубы́рь (bubýrʹ)

Middle Ukrainian: бобы́рь (bobýrʹ)

Ukrainian: боби́р (bobýr), буби́р (bubýr)

→ Polish: bobyr


kosorь

kosorь (nominative singular)
kosori (dual nominative)
kosorьje (nominative plural)
kosori (genitive singular)
kosorьju (dual genitive)
kosorьjь (genitive plural)
kosori (dative singular)
kosorьma (dative dual)
kosorьmъ (dative plural)
kosorь (accusative singular)
kosori (accusative dual)
kosori (accusative plural)
kosorьmь (instrumental singular)
kosorьma (dual instrumental)
kosorьmi (instrumental plural)
kosori (locative singular)
kosorьju (dual locative)
kosorьxъ (locative plural)
kosori (singular vocative)
kosori (dual vocative)
kosorьje (plural vocative)
*kosorъ (alternative)

East Slavic:

Russian: косор (kosor)

Ukrainian: косорий (kosoryj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: косорь (kosorĭ)

Bulgarian: косор (kosor)

Macedonian: косор (kosor)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: косор

Latin script: kosor

West Slavic:

Old Czech: Kosoř

Polabian: ťösör

Slovak: kosor


orbotędzь

orbotędzь (nominative singular)
orbotędza (dual nominative)
orbotędzi (nominative plural)
orbotędza (genitive singular)
orbotędzu (dual genitive)
orbotędzь (genitive plural)
orbotędzu (dative singular)
orbotędzema (dative dual)
orbotędzemъ (dative plural)
orbotędzь (accusative singular)
orbotędza (accusative dual)
orbotędzę̇ (accusative plural)
orbotędzьmь (instrumental singular)
orbotędzemь (instrumental singular)
orbotędzema (dual instrumental)
orbotędzi (instrumental plural)
orbotędzi (locative singular)
orbotędzu (dual locative)
orbotędzixъ (locative plural)
orbotęže (singular vocative)
orbotędza (dual vocative)
orbotędzi (plural vocative)

East Slavic: роботязи (robotjazi)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: robotěz

Old Polish: robociądz, robociąż

From *orbota + *-ędzь.
 PIE word
 *h₃órbʰos


orbotęgъ

orbotęgъ (nominative singular)
orbotęga (dual nominative)
orbotędzi (nominative plural)
orbotęga (genitive singular)
orbotęgu (dual genitive)
orbotęgъ (genitive plural)
orbotęgu (dative singular)
orbotęgoma (dative dual)
orbotęgomъ (dative plural)
orbotęgъ (accusative singular)
orbotęga (accusative dual)
orbotęgy (accusative plural)
orbotęgъmь (instrumental singular)
orbotęgomь (instrumental singular)
orbotęgoma (dual instrumental)
orbotęgy (instrumental plural)
orbotędzě (locative singular)
orbotęgu (dual locative)
orbotędzěxъ (locative plural)
orbotęže (singular vocative)
orbotęga (dual vocative)
orbotędzi (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: работѧгъ (rabotęgŭ)


orbotęga

orbotęga (nominative singular)
orbotędzě (dual nominative)
orbotęgy (nominative plural)
orbotęgy (genitive singular)
orbotęgu (dual genitive)
orbotęgъ (genitive plural)
orbotędzě (dative singular)
orbotęgama (dative dual)
orbotęgamъ (dative plural)
orbotęgǫ (accusative singular)
orbotędzě (accusative dual)
orbotęgy (accusative plural)
orbotęgojǫ (instrumental singular)
orbotęgǫ (instrumental singular)
orbotęgama (dual instrumental)
orbotęgami (instrumental plural)
orbotędzě (locative singular)
orbotęgu (dual locative)
orbotęgasъ (locative plural)
orbotęgaxъ (locative plural)
orbotęgo (singular vocative)
orbotędzě (dual vocative)
orbotęgy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: рабаця́га (rabacjáha)

Russian: работя́га (rabotjága)

→ Bulgarian: работя́га (rabotjága)

Ukrainian: роботя́га (robotjáha)

From *orbota + *-ęga.
 PIE word
 *h₃órbʰos


-ьmo

-ьmo (nominative singular)
-ьmě (dual nominative)
-ьma (nominative plural)
-ьma (genitive singular)
-ьmu (dual genitive)
-ьmъ (genitive plural)
-ьmu (dative singular)
-ьmoma (dative dual)
-ьmomъ (dative plural)
-ьmo (accusative singular)
-ьmě (accusative dual)
-ьma (accusative plural)
-ьmъmь (instrumental singular)
-ьmomь (instrumental singular)
-ьmoma (dual instrumental)
-ьmy (instrumental plural)
-ьmě (locative singular)
-ьmu (dual locative)
-ьměxъ (locative plural)
-ьmo (singular vocative)
-ьmě (dual vocative)
-ьma (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

Russian: -мо (-mo)

Ukrainian: -мо (-mo)

Compare with Old Lithuanian -imas and Lithuanian -imas.

derǫ̀ (“to tear, flay”) → *derьmò

kurìti (“to smoke”) → *kũrьmo

pišǫ̀ (“to write”) → *pisьmò

pově̀siti (“to hang”) → *pově̀sьmo

oràti (“to plough”) → *orьmò

bě̀lъ (“white”) (or verb *bě̀liti?) → *bě̀lьmo

Deadjectival, from the root, forming noun.

darìti → *darьmò

Deverbal, from the root, forming adverbs.


oskъrdъ

oskъrdъ (nominative singular)
oskъrda (dual nominative)
oskъrdi (nominative plural)
oskъrda (genitive singular)
oskъrdu (dual genitive)
oskъrdъ (genitive plural)
oskъrdu (dative singular)
oskъrdoma (dative dual)
oskъrdomъ (dative plural)
oskъrdъ (accusative singular)
oskъrda (accusative dual)
oskъrdy (accusative plural)
oskъrdъmь (instrumental singular)
oskъrdomь (instrumental singular)
oskъrdoma (dual instrumental)
oskъrdy (instrumental plural)
oskъrdě (locative singular)
oskъrdu (dual locative)
oskъrděxъ (locative plural)
oskъrde (singular vocative)
oskъrda (dual vocative)
oskъrdi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: оскърдъ (oskŭrdŭ), оскръдъ (oskrŭdŭ)

Russian: оскорд (oskord) (dated)

Ukrainian: dial. оскард (oskard)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: оскръдъ (oskrŭdŭ)

Slovene: oškrd

West Slavic:

Old Czech: oškrd, oskrd

Czech: oškrd, oškrt

Bohemian (Chod dialect): voškrd

Old Polish: oskard

Polish: oskard, rare oszkard

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: woškrot

From *ob- + *skъrdъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *skurd-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off”).
Cognate with Old Prussian scurdis (“dibstone, mattock”).


lobozgъ

lobozgъ (nominative singular)
lobozga (dual nominative)
lobozdzi (nominative plural)
lobozga (genitive singular)
lobozgu (dual genitive)
lobozgъ (genitive plural)
lobozgu (dative singular)
lobozgoma (dative dual)
lobozgomъ (dative plural)
lobozgъ (accusative singular)
lobozga (accusative dual)
lobozgy (accusative plural)
lobozgъmь (instrumental singular)
lobozgomь (instrumental singular)
lobozgoma (dual instrumental)
lobozgy (instrumental plural)
lobozdzě (locative singular)
lobozgu (dual locative)
lobozdzěxъ (locative plural)
loboždže (singular vocative)
lobozga (dual vocative)
lobozdzi (plural vocative)


adati

adanьje (noun-from-verb)
adati (infinitive)
adatъ (supine)
adalъ (l-participle)
adanъ (participle passive past)
adajemъ (participle passive present)
adavъ (active participle past)
adaję (active participle present)
adaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
ada (aorist second-person singular)
ada (aorist singular third-person)
adajǫ (first-person present singular)
adaješi (present second-person singular)
adajetь (present singular third-person)
adaxově (aorist dual first-person)
adasta (aorist dual second-person)
adaste (aorist dual third-person)
adajevě (dual first-person present)
adajeta (dual present second-person)
adajete (dual present third-person)
adaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
adaste (aorist plural second-person)
adašę (aorist plural third-person)
adajemъ (first-person plural present)
adajete (plural present second-person)
adajǫtь (plural present third-person)
adaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
adaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
adaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
adaji (imperative second-person singular)
adaji (imperative singular third-person)
adaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
adaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
adaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
adajivě (dual first-person imperative)
adajita (dual imperative second-person)
adaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
adaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
adaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
adajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
adajite (imperative plural second-person)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jadati

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ṓˀstei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ed-. Cognates include Lithuanian úosti, Latvian ôst, Ancient Greek ὄζω (ózō).

inh+

(transitive) to investigate, explore, study


badъ

badъ (nominative singular)
bada (dual nominative)
badi (nominative plural)
bada (genitive singular)
badu (dual genitive)
badъ (genitive plural)
badu (dative singular)
badoma (dative dual)
badomъ (dative plural)
badъ (accusative singular)
bada (accusative dual)
bady (accusative plural)
badъmь (instrumental singular)
badomь (instrumental singular)
badoma (dual instrumental)
bady (instrumental plural)
badě (locative singular)
badu (dual locative)
baděxъ (locative plural)
bade (singular vocative)
bada (dual vocative)
badi (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бад (bad) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: bȃd (dialectal)

From *badati, iterative of *bosti. Parallel to Proto-Slavic *bodъ (“sting, stitch”).


kyjь

kỳjь (canonical)
ky̑jь (canonical masculine)
kỳjь (nominative singular)
kỳja (dual nominative)
kỳji (nominative plural)
kỳja (genitive singular)
kỳju (dual genitive)
kỳjь (genitive plural)
kỳju (dative singular)
kỳjema (dative dual)
kỳjēmъ (dative plural)
kỳjь (accusative singular)
kỳja (accusative dual)
kỳję̇ (accusative plural)
kỳjьmь (instrumental singular)
kỳjemь (instrumental singular)
kỳjema (dual instrumental)
kỳjī (instrumental plural)
kỳji (locative singular)
kỳju (dual locative)
kỳjīxъ (locative plural)
kỳju (singular vocative)
kỳja (dual vocative)
kỳji (plural vocative)
ky̑jь (nominative singular)
ky̑ja (dual nominative)
ky̑ji (nominative plural)
ky̑ja (genitive singular)
kyjù (dual genitive)
kỹjь (genitive plural)
ky̑ju (dative singular)
kyjemà (dative dual)
kyjèmъ (dative plural)
ky̑jь (accusative singular)
ky̑ja (accusative dual)
ky̑ję̇ (accusative plural)
ky̑jьmь (instrumental singular)
ky̑jemь (instrumental singular)
kyjemà (dual instrumental)
kyjí (instrumental plural)
ky̑ji (locative singular)
kyjù (dual locative)
kyjĩxъ (locative plural)
kyju (singular vocative)
ky̑ja (dual vocative)
ky̑ji (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кꙑи (kyi), кии (kii)

Old Ruthenian: кїй (kij)

Belarusian: кій (kij)

Carpathian Rusyn: кый (kŷj)

Ukrainian: кий (kyj)

Russian: кий (kij)

desc

⇒ Old East Slavic: Кꙑи (Kyi) (personal name)

⇒ Old East Slavic: кꙑꙗнинъ (kyjaninŭ, “Kyi's person; resident of Kyiv”) (see there for further descendants)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⰽⱏⰺⰻ (kyi)

Old Cyrillic script: кꙑи (kyi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: киј

Latin script: kij

Slovene: kȋj (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kyj

Czech: kyj; kеj, kij (dialectal)

Old Polish: kij

Polish: kij

Old Slovak: kyj

Pannonian Rusyn: кий (kij) (obsolete)

Slovak: kyj; kij (dialectal)

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: czij

Slovincian: kjyj, kij

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kij

Lower Sorbian: kij

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kū́ˀjas, from Proto-Indo-European *kuh₂yos, from the root *kewh₂- (“to hit, strike”).
Cognate with Lithuanian kūjis (“hammer”) and Old Prussian cugis (“hammer”).


zěnica

zěnica (nominative singular)
zěnici (dual nominative)
zěnicę̇ (nominative plural)
zěnicę̇ (genitive singular)
zěnicu (dual genitive)
zěnicь (genitive plural)
zěnici (dative singular)
zěnicama (dative dual)
zěnicamъ (dative plural)
zěnicǫ (accusative singular)
zěnici (accusative dual)
zěnicę̇ (accusative plural)
zěnicejǫ (instrumental singular)
zěnicǫ (instrumental singular)
zěnicama (dual instrumental)
zěnicami (instrumental plural)
zěnici (locative singular)
zěnicu (dual locative)
zěnicasъ (locative plural)
zěnicaxъ (locative plural)
zěnice (singular vocative)
zěnici (dual vocative)
zěnicę̇ (plural vocative)
*zěnьka (alternative)
*zěnъka (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: зѣница (zěnica)

Old Ruthenian: зѣница (zěnica)

Belarusian: зяні́ца (zjaníca)

Ukrainian: зіни́ця (zinýcja)

Russian: зени́ца (zeníca) (obsolete)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⰸⱑⱀⰹⱌⰰ (zěnica)

Old Cyrillic script: зѣница (zěnica)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: зјѐница, зѐница

Latin script: zjènica, zènica

Slovene: zeníca (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: zenice

desctree

Old Polish: źrenica, źrzenica
Polish: źrenica

Substantivized participle **zěnъ + *-ica, from **zěti (“to gape”) (compare *zěvati).

zьjati

to open (one's mouth), gape, be wide open)


junoxъ

junoxъ (nominative singular)
junoxa (dual nominative)
junośi (nominative plural)
junoxa (genitive singular)
junoxu (dual genitive)
junoxъ (genitive plural)
junoxu (dative singular)
junoxoma (dative dual)
junoxomъ (dative plural)
junoxъ (accusative singular)
junoxa (accusative dual)
junoxy (accusative plural)
junoxъmь (instrumental singular)
junoxomь (instrumental singular)
junoxoma (dual instrumental)
junoxy (instrumental plural)
junośě (locative singular)
junoxu (dual locative)
junośěxъ (locative plural)
junoše (singular vocative)
junoxa (dual vocative)
junośi (plural vocative)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: junoch

Czech: jinoch (archaic)

Old Polish: junoch

Slovak: junoch


čistostь

čistostь (nominative singular)
čistosti (genitive singular)
čistosti (dative singular)
čistostь (accusative singular)
čistostьjǫ (instrumental singular)
čistosti (locative singular)
čistosti (singular vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: чистость (čistostĭ)

Belarusian: чы́стасць (čýstascʹ)

Russian: чи́стость (čístostʹ) (rare)

Ukrainian: чи́стість (čýstistʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: чистость (čistostĭ)

Glagolitic: ⱍⰺⱄⱅⱁⱄⱅⱐ (čistostĭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: чи̏сто̄ст

Latin script: čȉstōst

Slovene: čístost

West Slavic:

Czech: čistost

Polish: czystość

Slovak: čistosť (archaic)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: čistosć

Lower Sorbian: cystosć

From *čistъ (“clean, pure”) + *-ostь (“-ness”).


poľe

pȍľe (canonical neuter)
pȍľe (nominative singular)
pȍľi (dual nominative)
poľà (nominative plural)
pȍľa (genitive singular)
poľù (dual genitive)
pòľь (genitive plural)
pȍľu (dative singular)
poľemà (dative dual)
poľémъ (dative plural)
pȍľe (accusative singular)
pȍľi (accusative dual)
poľà (accusative plural)
pȍľьmь (instrumental singular)
pȍľemь (instrumental singular)
poľemà (dual instrumental)
poľí (instrumental plural)
pȍľi (locative singular)
poľù (dual locative)
poľíxъ (locative plural)
pȍľe (singular vocative)
pȍľi (dual vocative)
poľà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: поле (pole)

desc

Old Ruthenian: по́ле (póle), по́лє (pólje)

Belarusian: по́ле (pólje)

Carpathian Rusyn: по́ле (póle)

Ukrainian: по́ле (póle)

Russian: по́ле (póle)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: полѥ (polje)

Bulgarian: поле́ (polé); по́ле (póle) (dialectal)

Macedonian: по́ле (póle)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: по̏ље

Latin script: pȍlje

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: pọ̑lje, poljẹ̑ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desctree

Old Czech: pole, poľe (alternative writing)
Czech: pole

Old Polish: pole
Polish: pole
Silesian: pole

Old Slovak: pole, poľo

Pannonian Rusyn: польо (polʹo)

Slovak: pole

Polabian: püli

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: pòle, pòlé

Slovincian: pôlê

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pólo

Upper Sorbian: polo

Speculated to be a thematization of an archaic i-stem neuter, via schwebeablaut from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“flat, wide”). Presumably cognate with Hittite 𒁄𒄭𒅖 (palḫiš, “wide”) < Proto-Indo-European *pólh₂is ~ *pl̥h₂éis (c.); *pólh₂i ~ *pl̥h₂éis (n.). In the past, has been alternatively linked to *pelH- (“pale, light”) (Trubačev).
Further akin to Latin palam (“openly”), German West-falen.


bratrьstvo

bratrьstvo (nominative singular)
bratrьstvě (dual nominative)
bratrьstva (nominative plural)
bratrьstva (genitive singular)
bratrьstvu (dual genitive)
bratrьstvъ (genitive plural)
bratrьstvu (dative singular)
bratrьstvoma (dative dual)
bratrьstvomъ (dative plural)
bratrьstvo (accusative singular)
bratrьstvě (accusative dual)
bratrьstva (accusative plural)
bratrьstvъmь (instrumental singular)
bratrьstvomь (instrumental singular)
bratrьstvoma (dual instrumental)
bratrьstvy (instrumental plural)
bratrьstvě (locative singular)
bratrьstvu (dual locative)
bratrьstvěxъ (locative plural)
bratrьstvo (singular vocative)
bratrьstvě (dual vocative)
bratrьstva (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: братство (bratstvo)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: братрьство (bratrĭstvo)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: братство (bratstvo)

Macedonian: братство (bratstvo)

Slovene: bratrstvo

West Slavic:

Czech: bratrstvo

Polish: braterstwo, bractwo

→ Ukrainian: братерство (braterstvo)


vojь

vojь (nominative singular)
voja (dual nominative)
voji (nominative plural)
voja (genitive singular)
voju (dual genitive)
vojь (genitive plural)
voju (dative singular)
vojema (dative dual)
vojemъ (dative plural)
vojь (accusative singular)
voja (accusative dual)
voję̇ (accusative plural)
vojьmь (instrumental singular)
vojemь (instrumental singular)
vojema (dual instrumental)
voji (instrumental plural)
voji (locative singular)
voju (dual locative)
vojixъ (locative plural)
voju (singular vocative)
voja (dual vocative)
voji (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вои (voi)

Old Ruthenian: вой (voj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: вои (voi)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⱁⰺ (voi)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: voj

Czech: voj

Polish: wój, woj

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wájas, from Proto-Indo-European *woyh₁-o-s, from *weyh₁- (“to chase”).


vojь

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: вой (voj, “volution”) (obsolete)

desc

⇒ Macedonian: завој (zavoj), развој (razvoj)

⇒ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: за́вој

Latin script: závoj

West Slavic:

⇒ Czech: vývoj, rozvoj

From o-grade action noun of *viti + *-ъ, ultimately from *weh₁y- (“to twist”). The o-grade is the same as in Proto-Slavic *lojь from Proto-Slavic *liti.


vъz-

East Slavic:

Russian: вз- (vz-), взо- (vzo-), воз- (voz-)

Ukrainian: з- (z-), с- (s-), уз- (uz-), вз- (vz-), віз- (viz-)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: въз- (vŭz-)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⱏⰸ- (vŭz-)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: уз-, уза-

Latin script: uz-, uza-

West Slavic:

Czech: vz-, vze-

Kashubian: wz-, wëz-

Polabian: våz-

Old Polish: wz-
Polish: wz-

Slovak: vz-, vzo-


vъzęti

vъzętьje (noun-from-verb)
vъzęti (infinitive)
vъzętъ (supine)
vъzęlъ (l-participle)
vъzętъ (participle passive past)
vъzьmomъ (participle passive present)
vъzьmъ (active participle past)
vъzьmy (active participle present)
vъzęsъ (aorist first-person singular)
vъzę (aorist second-person singular)
vъzę (aorist singular third-person)
vъzьmǫ (first-person present singular)
vъzьmeši (present second-person singular)
vъzьmetь (present singular third-person)
vъzęsově (aorist dual first-person)
vъzęsta (aorist dual second-person)
vъzęste (aorist dual third-person)
vъzьmevě (dual first-person present)
vъzьmeta (dual present second-person)
vъzьmete (dual present third-person)
vъzęsomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vъzęste (aorist plural second-person)
vъzęsę (aorist plural third-person)
vъzьmemъ (first-person plural present)
vъzьmete (plural present second-person)
vъzьmǫtь (plural present third-person)
vъzьměaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vъzьměaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vъzьměaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vъzьmi (imperative second-person singular)
vъzьmi (imperative singular third-person)
vъzьměaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vъzьměašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vъzьměašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vъzьměvě (dual first-person imperative)
vъzьměta (dual imperative second-person)
vъzьměaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vъzьměašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vъzьměaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vъzьměmъ (first-person imperative plural)
vъzьměte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ўзяць (ŭzjacʹ)

Russian: взять (vzjatʹ)

Ukrainian: взяти (vzjaty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: възѧти (vŭzęti)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⱏⰸⱔⱅⰹ (vŭzęti)

Bulgarian: взе́ма (vzéma)

Macedonian: земе (zeme)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: у̀зе̄ти

Latin script: ùzēti

Slovene: vzẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vzieti

Czech: vzít

Old Polish: wziąć

Polish: wziąć

Silesian: wziōńś

Slovak: vziať

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: wzyc, wząc

Slovincian: wzyc

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wześ

From *vъz- (“in return for; up, down”) + *ęti (“take”).


telťi

telťì (canonical imperfective)
tьlčenьje (noun-from-verb)
telťi (infinitive)
telťь (supine)
tьlklъ (l-participle)
tьlčenъ (participle passive past)
tьlkomъ (participle passive present)
tьlkъ (active participle past)
tьlky (active participle present)
tьlkъ (aorist first-person singular)
tьlkoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
tьlče (aorist second-person singular)
tьlče (aorist singular third-person)
tьlkǫ (first-person present singular)
tьlčeši (present second-person singular)
tьlčetь (present singular third-person)
tьlkově (aorist dual first-person)
tьlkoxově (aorist dual first-person)
tьlketa (aorist dual second-person)
tьlkosta (aorist dual second-person)
tьlkete (aorist dual third-person)
tьlkoste (aorist dual third-person)
tьlčevě (dual first-person present)
tьlčeta (dual present second-person)
tьlčete (dual present third-person)
tьlkomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tьlkoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tьlkete (aorist plural second-person)
tьlkoste (aorist plural second-person)
tьlkǫ (aorist plural third-person)
tьlkošę (aorist plural third-person)
tьlčemъ (first-person plural present)
tьlčete (plural present second-person)
tьlkǫtь (plural present third-person)
tьlčaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tьlčaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tьlčaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
tьlci (imperative second-person singular)
tьlci (imperative singular third-person)
tьlčaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tьlčaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tьlčaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tьlcěvě (dual first-person imperative)
tьlcěta (dual imperative second-person)
tьlčaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tьlčaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tьlčaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tьlcěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
tьlcěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: толочи (toloči)

Belarusian: таўчы́ (taŭčý)

desc

Russian: толо́чь (tolóčʹ), толчы́ (tolčý)

Ukrainian: товчи́ (tovčý)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: тлѣщи (tlěšti)

Glagolitic script: ⱅⰾⱑⱋⰻ (tlěšti)

Bulgarian: тлъка́ (tlǎká) (obsolete) (cf. тъ́лча (tǎ́lča) < *tьlkati)

Macedonian: толчи (tolči) (< *tьlčati)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ту̑ћи, ту́ћи

Latin script: tȗći, túći

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: tlẹ́či, tólči (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: tlúci

Czech: tlouct

Polabian: tauct

Old Polish: tłuc

Polish: tłuc

Slovak: tĺcť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: tołc

Lower Sorbian: tłuc

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *telktei, from Proto-Indo-European *telk- (“to thrust, strike”). Cognate with Lithuanian ti̇̀lkti (“to be tame”), Latvian nuôtalcît, Proto-Celtic *tolkos (“an attack, tear”).


telkti

East Slavic:

desc

Belarusian: таўкці́ (taŭkcí); тоўкці́ (toŭkcí), товкты́ (tovktý), товкчи́ (tovkčí) (dialectal, obsolete)

⇒ Belarusian: таўкці́ся (taŭkcísja), тоўкці́са (toŭkcísa) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: товкти́ (tovktý), толокти́ (toloktý)

Russian: толкти́ (tolktí)

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *telktei, from Proto-Indo-European *telk-e-ti ~ *telk-ti, from *telk- (“to thrust, strike”). Cognate with Lithuanian tel̃kti (“assemble for collective assistance”), Old Prussian tlāku (“threshes”, 3 sg.).

cog

be:Генадзь Апанасавіч Цыхун
uk:Мельничук Олександр Савич


obuvь

obuvь (nominative singular)
obuvi (dual nominative)
obuvi (nominative plural)
obuvi (genitive singular)
obuvьju (dual genitive)
obuvьjь (genitive plural)
obuvi (dative singular)
obuvьma (dative dual)
obuvьmъ (dative plural)
obuvь (accusative singular)
obuvi (accusative dual)
obuvi (accusative plural)
obuvьjǫ (instrumental singular)
obuvьma (dual instrumental)
obuvьmi (instrumental plural)
obuvi (locative singular)
obuvьju (dual locative)
obuvьxъ (locative plural)
obuvi (singular vocative)
obuvi (dual vocative)
obuvi (plural vocative)
*obuva (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: обувь (obuvĭ)

Belarusian: вобуў (vóbuŭ)

Russian: обувь (obuvʹ)

Ukrainian: обув (obuv)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: обоувь (obuvĭ)

Glagolitic: ⱁⰱⱆⰲⱐ (obuvĭ)

Bulgarian: обувка (obuvka)

Slovene: obuv

West Slavic:

Old Czech: obuv

Czech: obuv

Old Polish: obów
Polish: obuwie

Pannonian Rusyn: обуй (obuj)

Slovak: obuv

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *apavas/*apavis, *apauvas/*apauvis.
* ЭССЯ: from *obovь (influenced by *obuti, *obuvati).
: Cognate with Lithuanian āpavas (“footwear, shoes”).
* Vasmer: from *obuti (“to put on footwear”), from *ob- + *uti (see *jьz-uti (“to take off (footwear)”)).
: Baltic cognates include Lithuanian aũti, aunù, aviaũ (“to wear shoes, put on shoes, to shoe”), apaũti (“to shoe”), Latvian àut, àunu (“to put on shoes”)
: Indo-European cognates include Avestan 𐬀𐬊𐬚𐬭𐬀 (aoθra, “shoe”), Latin ex-uō (“to undress, take off”), Old Armenian ագանիմ (aganim).


zemь

zèmь (canonical)
zȅmь (canonical feminine)
zèmь (nominative singular)
zemì (dual nominative)
zemì (nominative plural)
zèmi (genitive singular)
zèmьju (dual genitive)
zemь̀jь (genitive plural)
zemì (dative singular)
zèmьma (dative dual)
zemь̀mъ (dative plural)
zèmь (accusative singular)
zemì (accusative dual)
zemì (accusative plural)
zèmьjǫ (instrumental singular)
zèmьma (dual instrumental)
zèmьmī (instrumental plural)
zèmi (locative singular)
zèmьju (dual locative)
zemь̀xъ (locative plural)
zemi (singular vocative)
zemì (dual vocative)
zemì (plural vocative)
zȅmь (nominative singular)
zȅmi (dual nominative)
zȅmi (nominative plural)
zemí (genitive singular)
zemьjù (dual genitive)
zemь̀jь (genitive plural)
zȅmi (dative singular)
zemьmà (dative dual)
zȅmьmъ (dative plural)
zȅmь (accusative singular)
zȅmi (accusative dual)
zȅmi (accusative plural)
zemьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
zemьmà (dual instrumental)
zemьmì (instrumental plural)
zemí (locative singular)
zemьjù (dual locative)
zȅmьxъ (locative plural)
zemi (singular vocative)
zȅmi (dual vocative)
zȅmi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: земь (zemĭ)

Russian: -зём (-zjóm)

West Slavic:

Czech: zem

Polish: ziem

Old Slovak: zem

Pannonian Rusyn: жем (žem)

Slovak: zem

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *źémē, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰem-, the oblique stem of *dʰéǵʰōm.


věža

věža (nominative singular)
věži (dual nominative)
věžę̇ (nominative plural)
věžę̇ (genitive singular)
věžu (dual genitive)
věžь (genitive plural)
věži (dative singular)
věžama (dative dual)
věžamъ (dative plural)
věžǫ (accusative singular)
věži (accusative dual)
věžę̇ (accusative plural)
věžejǫ (instrumental singular)
věžǫ (instrumental singular)
věžama (dual instrumental)
věžami (instrumental plural)
věži (locative singular)
věžu (dual locative)
věžasъ (locative plural)
věžaxъ (locative plural)
věže (singular vocative)
věži (dual vocative)
věžę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вѣжа (věža)

Old Ruthenian: вѣжа (věža)

Belarusian: ве́жа (vjéža)

Russian: ве́жа (véža)

South Slavic:

Slovene: veža

West Slavic:

Old Czech: věžě

Czech: věž

Polabian: viză

Kashubian: wieża, wieżô

Old Polish: wieża

Polish: wieża

→ Ukrainian: ве́жа (véža)

Slovak: veža

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wjaža

Upper Sorbian: wěža

From the present stem of the verb *vezti — *vez- + *-ja.


porporъ

porporъ (nominative singular)
porpora (dual nominative)
porpori (nominative plural)
porpora (genitive singular)
porporu (dual genitive)
porporъ (genitive plural)
porporu (dative singular)
porporoma (dative dual)
porporomъ (dative plural)
porporъ (accusative singular)
porpora (accusative dual)
porpory (accusative plural)
porporъmь (instrumental singular)
porporomь (instrumental singular)
porporoma (dual instrumental)
porpory (instrumental plural)
porporě (locative singular)
porporu (dual locative)
porporěxъ (locative plural)
porpore (singular vocative)
porpora (dual vocative)
porpori (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: поропоръ (poroporŭ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: прапоръ (praporŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⱃⰰⱂⱁⱃⱏ (praporŭ)

Bulgarian: пра́порец (práporec)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: прапорац

Latin script: praporac

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: prápor, práporəc (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: prapor, dial. prápor

Polish: proporzec

Slovak: prápor

Baltic cognates include Lithuanian spar̃nas (“wing”), Latvian spārns (“wing”).
Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit पर्ण (parṇa, “wing”), Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀 (par^əna, “feather”).


biba

biba (nominative singular)
bibě (dual nominative)
biby (nominative plural)
biby (genitive singular)
bibu (dual genitive)
bibъ (genitive plural)
bibě (dative singular)
bibama (dative dual)
bibamъ (dative plural)
bibǫ (accusative singular)
bibě (accusative dual)
biby (accusative plural)
bibojǫ (instrumental singular)
bibǫ (instrumental singular)
bibama (dual instrumental)
bibami (instrumental plural)
bibě (locative singular)
bibu (dual locative)
bibasъ (locative plural)
bibaxъ (locative plural)
bibo (singular vocative)
bibě (dual vocative)
biby (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: би́ба (bíba, “duck's bill”), би́бка (bíbka, “duck, fowl”) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бѝба (“fowl”) (dialectal, Serbian)

⇒ Latin script: bíbac (“turkey”) (Bosnian)

⇒ Serbo-Croatian: bíbati (“to gather around water, to cause commotion”)

⇒ Serbo-Croatian: bȋba (“place where waterfowl gather”) (dialectal, Croatian)

→ Slovene: bíba (“buzzer, insect”), bíbavicа (“tidal wave”) (18 cent.)

West Slavic:

⇒ Slovak: bibic (“common chaffinch”)

Onomatopoeic, from the call bi-bi + *-a.

type of bird (fowl, game bird) or bird's bill


kurъ

kùrъ (canonical masculine)
kùrъ (nominative singular)
kùra (dual nominative)
kùri (nominative plural)
kùra (genitive singular)
kùru (dual genitive)
kùrъ (genitive plural)
kùru (dative singular)
kùroma (dative dual)
kùromъ (dative plural)
kùrъ (accusative singular)
kùra (accusative dual)
kùry (accusative plural)
kùrъmь (instrumental singular)
kùromь (instrumental singular)
kùroma (dual instrumental)
kùrȳ (instrumental plural)
kùrě (locative singular)
kùru (dual locative)
kùrě̄xъ (locative plural)
kùre (singular vocative)
kùra (dual vocative)
kùri (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: кур (kur) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: кур (kur)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: коуръ (kurŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰽⱆⱃⱏ (kurŭ)

Bulgarian: кур (kur)

Macedonian: кур (kur)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ку̏р

Latin script: kȕr

Slovene: kȕr (tonal orthography) (obsolete)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kur, kúr

Czech: kour, kur

Kashubian: kùr

Polish: kur

Slovak: kúr

Slovincian: kúr

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: kur

Upper Sorbian: kur

Onomatopoeic; also interjection *kury!. Compare *kokotъ (“rooster”), *kokošь (“hen”). Related to Lithuanian kurtinỹs (“grouse”), Greek κούρκος (koúrkos, “turkey”) (probably a Slavic loanword). A connection with Slovak kúriť (“to run”), Lithuanian kùrti (“to run”), else meaning “to smoke, to kindle” (☞ *kūrìti), is also possible. Compare Bulgarian тока́чка (tokáčka, “guinea fowl”), Russian токова́ть (tokovátʹ, “to display courtship (for birds)”) from Proto-Slavic *tokati (“to flow, to propel (a fluid)”).


potokъ

potokъ (nominative singular)
potoka (dual nominative)
potoci (nominative plural)
potoka (genitive singular)
potoku (dual genitive)
potokъ (genitive plural)
potoku (dative singular)
potokoma (dative dual)
potokomъ (dative plural)
potokъ (accusative singular)
potoka (accusative dual)
potoky (accusative plural)
potokъmь (instrumental singular)
potokomь (instrumental singular)
potokoma (dual instrumental)
potoky (instrumental plural)
potocě (locative singular)
potoku (dual locative)
potocěxъ (locative plural)
potoče (singular vocative)
potoka (dual vocative)
potoci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: пато́к (patók)

Russian: пото́к (potók)

Ukrainian: поті́к (potík)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: пото́к (potók)

Macedonian: по́ток (pótok)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: по̀ток

Latin script: pòtok

Slovene: pótok (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: potok

Czech: potok

Polish: potok

Slovak: potok

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian:

Non-Slavic languages:

Hungarian: patak

Deverbal from *poteťi (< *potekti (“to start flowing”)).


čelověkъ

čelově̀kъ (canonical masculine)
čelově̀kъ (nominative singular)
čelově̀ka (dual nominative)
čelově̀ci (nominative plural)
čelově̀ka (genitive singular)
čelově̀ku (dual genitive)
čelově̀kъ (genitive plural)
čelově̀ku (dative singular)
čelově̀koma (dative dual)
čelově̀komъ (dative plural)
čelově̀kъ (accusative singular)
čelově̀ka (accusative dual)
čelově̀ky (accusative plural)
čelově̀kъmь (instrumental singular)
čelově̀komь (instrumental singular)
čelově̀koma (dual instrumental)
čelově̀kȳ (instrumental plural)
čelově̀cě (locative singular)
čelově̀ku (dual locative)
čelově̀cě̄xъ (locative plural)
čelově̀če (singular vocative)
čelově̀ka (dual vocative)
čelově̀ci (plural vocative)
*čьlověkъ (alternative)
*člověkъ (alternative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: человѣ́къ (čelově́kŭ), чловѣ́къ (člově́kŭ)
Old Ruthenian: чоловѣ́къ (čolově́k)
Belarusian: чалаве́к (čalavjék)
Carpathian Rusyn: чолові́к (čolovík)
Ukrainian: чолові́к (čolovík, “man, husband”)
Russian: челове́к (čelovék)
→ Latgalian: cylvāks
→ Latvian: cilvēks
→ Latvian: cilēks (kursenieki)

desc

Old Novgorodian: целовѣке (ćelověke), целовике (ćelovike), цоловѣке (ćolověke)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: чловѣкъ (člověkŭ)

Glagolitic: ⱍⰾⱁⰲⱑⰽⱏ (člověkŭ)

Bulgarian: чове́к (čovék), (pre-1945 spelling) човѣкъ (čověk), (dated, literary) челове́к (čelovék)

Macedonian: чо́век (čóvek)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: чо̀век, чо̀вјек

Latin: čòvek, čòvjek

Slovene: člóvek (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desctree

Old Czech: člověk, čłověk (alternative writing)
Czech: člověk

Old Polish: człowiek
Polish: człowiek, czowiek (Chełmno-Dobrzyń)
Silesian: czowiek, człowiek

Polabian: clåvăk

Old Slovak: človek

Pannonian Rusyn: чловек (človek)

Slovak: človek

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: człowiek

Slovincian: czlôwjek

Sorbianː

Upper Sorbian: čłowjek

Lower Sorbian: cłowjek

From Early Proto-Slavic *čeláwaj˙ku, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kelawaikas, originally a compound meaning "child of a clan". The first part is from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kwel- (“crowd, people”), from *kʷel- (“to turn, roll > to travel, settle, cultivate; town”). Cognates include Sanskrit कुल (kula), Ancient Greek τέλος (télos), and Old English scolu. The latter part is akin to Lithuanian vai̇̃kas (“child”), Latvian vaiks (“boy”) and Old Prussian waix (“manservant”) (i.e. waiks, with x due to German orthography), possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *weyk- (“to overcome”).


Mьstislavъ

Mьstislavъ (nominative singular)
Mьstislava (dual nominative)
Mьstislavi (nominative plural)
Mьstislava (genitive singular)
Mьstislavu (dual genitive)
Mьstislavъ (genitive plural)
Mьstislavu (dative singular)
Mьstislavomъ (dative plural)
Mьstislavъ (accusative singular)
Mьstislava (accusative dual)
Mьstislavy (accusative plural)
Mьstislavy (instrumental plural)
Mьstislavě (locative singular)
Mьstislavu (dual locative)
Mьstislavěxъ (locative plural)
Mьstislave (singular vocative)
Mьstislava (dual vocative)
Mьstislavi (plural vocative)

East Slavic: Мьстиславъ (Mĭstislavŭ), Мстиславъ (Mstislavŭ)

Belarusian: Мсціслаў (Mscislaŭ)

Russian: Мстисла́в (Mstisláv)

Ukrainian: Мстисла́в (Mstysláv)

South Slavic:

Old Serbo-Croatian:

Latin: Mistisclav

West Slavic:

Old Czech: Mstislav

Czech: Mstislav

Polabian: Mistizlavus

Old Polish: Mścisław, Mścisława

Polish: Mścisław

From the imperative form of *mьstiti — *mьsti + *slava or *slaviti, literally meaning "revenge for glory/fame".


tysǫti

tỳsǫti (canonical feminine)
tỳsǫti (nominative singular)
tysǫťi (dual nominative)
tysǫťę̇ (nominative plural)
tysǫťę̇ (genitive singular)
tysǫťu (dual genitive)
tysǫťь (genitive plural)
tysǫťī (dative singular)
tysǫťama (dative dual)
tysǫťāmъ (dative plural)
tysǫťǫ (accusative singular)
tysǫťi (accusative dual)
tysǫťę̇ (accusative plural)
tysǫťējǫ (instrumental singular)
tysǫťǭ (instrumental singular)
tysǫťama (dual instrumental)
tysǫťāmī (instrumental plural)
tysǫťī (locative singular)
tysǫťu (dual locative)
tysǫťāsъ (locative plural)
tysǫťe (singular vocative)
tysǫťi (dual vocative)
tysǫťę̇ (plural vocative)
*tỳsǫťь (alternative)
*tỳsǫťa (alternative)
*tỳsęti (alternative)
*tỳsęťь (alternative)
*tỳsęťa (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: тꙑсѧча (tysęča)

desc

Old Ruthenian: ты́сѧча (týsjača), ты́сѧчь (týsjačʹ)

Belarusian: ты́сяча (týsjača)

Carpathian Rusyn: ті́сяч (tísjač)

Ukrainian: ти́сяча (týsjača)

→ Pannonian Rusyn: тисяч m inan (tisjač), тисяча f (tisjača)

Russian: ты́сяча (týsjača)

Old Novgorodian: тꙑсѧца (tysęća)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: тꙑсѫщи (tysǫšti), тꙑсѧщи (tysęšti)

Glagolitic script: ⱅⱏⰹⱄⱘⱋⰻ (tysǫšti), ⱅⱏⰹⱄⱔⱋⰻ (tysęšti)

Bulgarian: ти́сеща (tísešta), ти́сяща (tísjašta) (archaic)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тѝсућа

Latin script: tìsuća

Slovene: tȋsoč (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desctree

Old Czech: tisúc, tiśúc (alternative spelling)
Czech: tisíc

Old Polish: tysiąc
Polish: tysiąc
Silesian: tysiōnc

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: tësąc

Slovincian: tësinc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: tysac

Non-Slavic:

→ Istro-Romanian: tisuť

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tū́ˀsantis, from Proto-Indo-European *tuHsont-.


drěmati

drě̄màti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
drěmanьje (noun-from-verb)
drěmati (infinitive)
drěmatъ (supine)
drěmalъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
drěmanъ (participle passive past)
drěmľemъ (participle passive present)
drěmavъ (active participle past)
drěmľę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
drěmaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
drěma (aorist second-person singular)
drěma (aorist singular third-person)
drěmľǫ (first-person present singular)
drěmľeši (present second-person singular)
drěmľetь (present singular third-person)
drěmaxově (aorist dual first-person)
drěmasta (aorist dual second-person)
drěmaste (aorist dual third-person)
drěmľevě (dual first-person present)
drěmľeta (dual present second-person)
drěmľete (dual present third-person)
drěmaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
drěmaste (aorist plural second-person)
drěmašę (aorist plural third-person)
drěmľemъ (first-person plural present)
drěmľete (plural present second-person)
drěmľǫtь (plural present third-person)
drěmaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
drěmaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
drěmaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
drěmľi (imperative second-person singular)
drěmľi (imperative singular third-person)
drěmaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
drěmaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
drěmaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
drěmľivě (dual first-person imperative)
drěmľita (dual imperative second-person)
drěmaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
drěmaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
drěmaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
drěmľimъ (first-person imperative plural)
drěmľite (imperative plural second-person)
b (accent-paradigm)
drěmanьje (noun-from-verb)
drěmati (infinitive)
drěmatъ (supine)
drěmalъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
drěmanъ (participle passive past)
drěmajemъ (participle passive present)
drěmavъ (active participle past)
drěmaję (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
drěmaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
drěma (aorist second-person singular)
drěma (aorist singular third-person)
drěmajǫ (first-person present singular)
drěmaješi (present second-person singular)
drěmajetь (present singular third-person)
drěmaxově (aorist dual first-person)
drěmasta (aorist dual second-person)
drěmaste (aorist dual third-person)
drěmajevě (dual first-person present)
drěmajeta (dual present second-person)
drěmajete (dual present third-person)
drěmaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
drěmaste (aorist plural second-person)
drěmašę (aorist plural third-person)
drěmajemъ (first-person plural present)
drěmajete (plural present second-person)
drěmajǫtь (plural present third-person)
drěmaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
drěmaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
drěmaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
drěmaji (imperative second-person singular)
drěmaji (imperative singular third-person)
drěmaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
drěmaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
drěmaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
drěmajivě (dual first-person imperative)
drěmajita (dual imperative second-person)
drěmaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
drěmaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
drěmaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
drěmajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
drěmajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: драма́ць (dramácʹ)

Russian: дрема́ть (dremátʹ)

Ukrainian: дріма́ти (drimáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: дрѣмати (drěmati)

Glagolitic script: ⰴⱃⱑⰿⰰⱅⰻ (drěmati)

Bulgarian: дре́мя (drémja)

Macedonian: дреме (dreme)

Serbo-Croatian:

desc

Cyrillic script: дре́мати, дрије́мати (Ijekavian)

Latin script: drémati, drijémati (Ijekavian)

Slovene: drẹ́mati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dřiemati

Czech: dřímat

Old Polish: drzemać

Polish: drzemać

Silesian: drzymać

Polabian: dremĕs (2sg)

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: drzémac

Slovincian: drzêmac

Slovak: driemať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: drěmaś

Upper Sorbian: drěmać

From Proto-Indo-European *drē- (“to sleep”) or Proto-Indo-European *drem-.


jьgra

jьgrà (canonical feminine)
jьgrà (nominative singular)
jь̀grě (dual nominative)
jьgrỳ (nominative plural)
jьgrỳ (genitive singular)
jьgrù (dual genitive)
jь̀grъ (genitive plural)
jьgrě̀ (dative singular)
jьgràma (dative dual)
jьgràmъ (dative plural)
jьgrǫ̀ (accusative singular)
jь̀grě (accusative dual)
jьgrỳ (accusative plural)
jьgròjǫ (instrumental singular)
jь̀grǫ (instrumental singular)
jьgràma (dual instrumental)
jьgràmī (instrumental plural)
jьgrě̀ (locative singular)
jьgrù (dual locative)
jьgràsъ (locative plural)
jьgràxъ (locative plural)
jьgro (singular vocative)
jь̀grě (dual vocative)
jьgrỳ (plural vocative)
*jьgrь (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: игра (igra)

Belarusian: ігра́ (ihrá)

Russian: игра́ (igrá)

Middle Ukrainian: игра (yhra), ыгра (yhra)

Ukrainian: гра (hra) (plural: і́гри (íhry)), ігра (ihra), игра (yhra) (old orthography)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: игрь (igrĭ)

Bulgarian: игра́ (igrá)

Macedonian: игра (igra)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ѝгра

Latin script: ìgra

Slovene: ȋgra (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jhra

Czech: hra

Kashubian: jigra

Polabian: *jågră

Old Polish: igra

Polish: gra, igra

Slovak: hra, ihra

Slovincian: gra

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: jhra, hra

Lower Sorbian: gra, igra

From Early Proto-Slavic *ígrā˙, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ígrāˀ, probably from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ig-réh₂, from *h₂eyg- (“to stir, set in motion”), and cognate with Sanskrit एजति (éjati, “to move, stir”), Ancient Greek αἰγίς (aigís, “aegis shield”). However, the lack of lengthening of the *í in the Proto-Balto-Slavic form is formally concerning due to conflict with Winter's law.


dědъ

dě̀dъ (canonical masculine)
dě̀dъ (nominative singular)
dě̀da (dual nominative)
dě̀di (nominative plural)
dě̀da (genitive singular)
dě̀du (dual genitive)
dě̀dъ (genitive plural)
dě̀du (dative singular)
dě̀doma (dative dual)
dě̀domъ (dative plural)
dě̀dъ (accusative singular)
dě̀da (accusative dual)
dě̀dy (accusative plural)
dě̀dъmь (instrumental singular)
dě̀domь (instrumental singular)
dě̀doma (dual instrumental)
dě̀dȳ (instrumental plural)
dě̀dě (locative singular)
dě̀du (dual locative)
dě̀dě̄xъ (locative plural)
dě̀de (singular vocative)
dě̀da (dual vocative)
dě̀di (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дѣдъ (dědŭ)

Belarusian: дзед (dzjed)

Russian: дед (ded)

Carpathian Rusyn: дїдо (djido)

Ukrainian: дід (did)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: дѣдъ (dědŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰴⱑⰴⱏ (dědŭ)

Bulgarian: дя́до (djádo)

Macedonian: де́до (dédo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дје̏д, де̏д

Latin script: djȅd, dȅd, dȉd

Slovene: dẹ̑d, dȅd (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: děd

Polabian: ďodă

Polish: dziad, dziád (dialectal)

→ Vilamovian: dziodek

Old Slovak: ded, deda, dedo

Pannonian Rusyn: дїдо (djido)

Slovak: dedo

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: źěd

Upper Sorbian: dźěd

→ Latgalian: dzeds

→ Livvi: diedʹoi

desc

→ Yiddish: זיידע (zeyde), (Southern Yiddish, especially Vienna, Bratislava and surroundings, Eastern Hungary) דיידע (deyde)

Per Derksen, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *dēˀd-, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁dʰos. Cognate with Lithuanian dė̃dė, dė̃dis (“uncle”), Latvian dȩ̀ds (“old man”), Ancient Greek τήθη (tḗthē, “grandmother”). Probably originally an onomatopoeia of babies' speech.

onomatopoeic

onomatopoeia

ętry

sister-in-law (husband's brother's wife)


jьgračь

jьgračь (nominative singular)
jьgrača (dual nominative)
jьgrači (nominative plural)
jьgrača (genitive singular)
jьgraču (dual genitive)
jьgračь (genitive plural)
jьgraču (dative singular)
jьgračema (dative dual)
jьgračemъ (dative plural)
jьgračь (accusative singular)
jьgrača (accusative dual)
jьgračę̇ (accusative plural)
jьgračьmь (instrumental singular)
jьgračemь (instrumental singular)
jьgračema (dual instrumental)
jьgrači (instrumental plural)
jьgrači (locative singular)
jьgraču (dual locative)
jьgračixъ (locative plural)
jьgraču (singular vocative)
jьgrača (dual vocative)
jьgrači (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old Ruthenian: играчъ (ihrač), грачъ (hrač), ґрачъ (grač), кграчъ (grač)

Belarusian: ігра́ч (ihráč)

Ukrainian: грач (hrač), (rare) ігра́ч (ihráč)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: играч (igrač)

Macedonian: играч (igrač)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: играч

Latin script: igrač

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jhráč

Czech: hráč

Kashubian: grôcz

Old Polish: igracz

Polish: gracz, grácz (obsolete or dialectal)

Polabian: jaigroc

Slovak: hráč

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: grac


jьgrьcь

jьgrьcь (nominative singular)
jьgrьca (dual nominative)
jьgrьci (nominative plural)
jьgrьca (genitive singular)
jьgrьcu (dual genitive)
jьgrьcь (genitive plural)
jьgrьcu (dative singular)
jьgrьcema (dative dual)
jьgrьcemъ (dative plural)
jьgrьcь (accusative singular)
jьgrьca (accusative dual)
jьgrьcę̇ (accusative plural)
jьgrьcьmь (instrumental singular)
jьgrьcemь (instrumental singular)
jьgrьcema (dual instrumental)
jьgrьci (instrumental plural)
jьgrьci (locative singular)
jьgrьcu (dual locative)
jьgrьcixъ (locative plural)
jьgrьče (singular vocative)
jьgrьca (dual vocative)
jьgrьci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: игрьць (igrĭcĭ)

Ukrainian: грець (hrecʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: игрьць (igrĭcĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰹⰳⱃⱐⱌⱐ (igrĭcĭ)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jhřec

Czech: herec

Old Polish: igrzec

Slovak: herec

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: gerc


norvъ

nȏrvъ (canonical masculine)
*norvь (alternative)
nȏrvъ (nominative singular)
nȏrva (dual nominative)
nȏrvi (nominative plural)
nȏrva (genitive singular)
norvù (dual genitive)
nõrvъ (genitive plural)
nȏrvu (dative singular)
norvomà (dative dual)
norvòmъ (dative plural)
nȏrvъ (accusative singular)
nȏrva (accusative dual)
nȏrvy (accusative plural)
nȏrvъmь (instrumental singular)
nȏrvomь (instrumental singular)
norvomà (dual instrumental)
norvý (instrumental plural)
nȏrvě (locative singular)
norvù (dual locative)
norvě̃xъ (locative plural)
norve (singular vocative)
nȏrva (dual vocative)
nȏrvi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: норовъ (norovŭ)

Belarusian: но́раў (nóraŭ)

Russian: но́ров (nórov)

Ukrainian: но́ров (nórov)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: нравъ (nravŭ)

→ Old East Slavic: нравъ (nravŭ)

Bulgarian: нрав (nrav)

Macedonian: нарав (narav)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: на́рав f

Latin script: nárav f

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: nrȃv, narȃva (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: nrav

Czech: mrav

Polish: narów (archaic, literary)

Slovak: mrav

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: nărav

Probably related to Lithuanian narvýtis (“to persist, to be stubborn”), possibly Ancient Greek νωρεῖ pl (nōreî, “energy, urge”). Further origin perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ner- (“vitality, drive”) (the root of *h₂nḗr (“man, person”)).
(Some) Western South Slavic descendants are etymologically problematic. Snoj tentatively derives them from related *naravь, *narava < *nar- + *-avь, *-ava. Compare Lithuanian nóras (“will”).


olbǫdь

ȏlbǭdь (canonical masculine)
ȏlbǭdь (nominative singular)
ȏlbǭdi (dual nominative)
ȏlbǭdьjē (nominative plural)
olbǭdí (genitive singular)
olbǭdьjù (dual genitive)
olbǭdь̀jь (genitive plural)
ȏlbǭdi (dative singular)
olbǭdьmà (dative dual)
ȏlbǭdьmъ (dative plural)
ȏlbǭdь (accusative singular)
ȏlbǭdi (accusative dual)
ȏlbǭdi (accusative plural)
ȏlbǭdьmь (instrumental singular)
olbǭdьmà (dual instrumental)
olbǭdьmì (instrumental plural)
olbǭdí (locative singular)
olbǭdьjù (dual locative)
ȏlbǭdьxъ (locative plural)
olbǫdi (singular vocative)
ȏlbǭdi (dual vocative)
ȏlbǭdьjē (plural vocative)
*olbǭtь (alternative)
*elbedь (alternative)
*elbǭtь (alternative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ле́бедзь m (ljébjedzʹ)

Russian: ле́бедь m or f (lébedʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: лебідь (lebidʹ)

Ukrainian: ле́бідь m (lébidʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ле́бед m (lébed)

Macedonian: ле́бед m (lébed)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ла̏бӯд m, ле̏бӯт m (archaic)

Latin: lȁbūd m, lȅbūt m (archaic)

Slovene: labọ̑d m (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: labud f

Czech: labuť f

Kashubian: łabądz

desctree

Old Polish: łabęć
Polish: łabędź
Silesian: łabōnt

Slovak: labuť f

Non-Slavic languages:

Romanian: lebădă

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂elbʰós (“white”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *albits (“swan”) and *albiz (> elf).


osvětьlъ

osvětьlъ (masculine nominative singular)
osvětьla (feminine nominative singular)
osvětьlo (neuter nominative singular)
osvětьla (genitive masculine singular)
osvětьly (feminine genitive singular)
osvětьla (genitive neuter singular)
osvětьlu (dative masculine singular)
osvětьlě (dative feminine singular)
osvětьlu (dative neuter singular)
osvětьlъ (accusative masculine singular)
osvětьlǫ (accusative feminine singular)
osvětьlo (accusative neuter singular)
osvětьlomь (instrumental masculine singular)
osvětьlojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
osvětьlomь (instrumental neuter singular)
osvětьlě (locative masculine singular)
osvětьlě (feminine locative singular)
osvětьlě (locative neuter singular)
osvětьle (masculine singular vocative)
osvětьlo (feminine singular vocative)
osvětьlo (neuter singular vocative)
osvětьla (dual masculine nominative)
osvětьlě (dual feminine nominative)
osvětьlě (dual neuter nominative)
osvětьlu (dual genitive masculine)
osvětьlu (dual feminine genitive)
osvětьlu (dual genitive neuter)
osvětьloma (dative dual masculine)
osvětьlama (dative dual feminine)
osvětьloma (dative dual neuter)
osvětьla (accusative dual masculine)
osvětьlě (accusative dual feminine)
osvětьlě (accusative dual neuter)
osvětьloma (dual instrumental masculine)
osvětьlama (dual feminine instrumental)
osvětьloma (dual instrumental neuter)
osvětьlu (dual locative masculine)
osvětьlu (dual feminine locative)
osvětьlu (dual locative neuter)
osvětьla (dual masculine vocative)
osvětьlě (dual feminine vocative)
osvětьlě (dual neuter vocative)
osvětьli (masculine nominative plural)
osvětьly (feminine nominative plural)
osvětьla (neuter nominative plural)
osvětьlъ (genitive masculine plural)
osvětьlъ (feminine genitive plural)
osvětьlъ (genitive neuter plural)
osvětьlomъ (dative masculine plural)
osvětьlamъ (dative feminine plural)
osvětьlomъ (dative neuter plural)
osvětьly (accusative masculine plural)
osvětьly (accusative feminine plural)
osvětьla (accusative neuter plural)
osvětьly (instrumental masculine plural)
osvětьlami (feminine instrumental plural)
osvětьly (instrumental neuter plural)
osvětьlěxъ (locative masculine plural)
osvětьlaxъ (feminine locative plural)
osvětьlěxъ (locative neuter plural)
osvětьli (masculine plural vocative)
osvětьly (feminine plural vocative)
osvětьla (neuter plural vocative)
osvětьlъjь (masculine nominative singular)
osvětьlaja (feminine nominative singular)
osvětьloje (neuter nominative singular)
osvětьlajego (genitive masculine singular)
osvětьlyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
osvětьlajego (genitive neuter singular)
osvětьlujemu (dative masculine singular)
osvětьlěji (dative feminine singular)
osvětьlujemu (dative neuter singular)
osvětьlъjь (accusative masculine singular)
osvětьlǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
osvětьloje (accusative neuter singular)
osvětьlyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
osvětьlǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
osvětьlyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
osvětьlějemь (locative masculine singular)
osvětьlěji (feminine locative singular)
osvětьlějemь (locative neuter singular)
osvětьlъjь (masculine singular vocative)
osvětьlaja (feminine singular vocative)
osvětьloje (neuter singular vocative)
osvětьlaja (dual masculine nominative)
osvětьlěji (dual feminine nominative)
osvětьlěji (dual neuter nominative)
osvětьluju (dual genitive masculine)
osvětьluju (dual feminine genitive)
osvětьluju (dual genitive neuter)
osvětьlyjima (dative dual masculine)
osvětьlyjima (dative dual feminine)
osvětьlyjima (dative dual neuter)
osvětьlaja (accusative dual masculine)
osvětьlěji (accusative dual feminine)
osvětьlěji (accusative dual neuter)
osvětьlyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
osvětьlyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
osvětьlyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
osvětьluju (dual locative masculine)
osvětьluju (dual feminine locative)
osvětьluju (dual locative neuter)
osvětьlaja (dual masculine vocative)
osvětьlěji (dual feminine vocative)
osvětьlěji (dual neuter vocative)
osvětьliji (masculine nominative plural)
osvětьlyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
osvětьlaja (neuter nominative plural)
osvětьlъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
osvětьlъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
osvětьlъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
osvětьlyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
osvětьlyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
osvětьlyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
osvětьlyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
osvětьlyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
osvětьlaja (accusative neuter plural)
osvětьlyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
osvětьlyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
osvětьlyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
osvětьlyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
osvětьlyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
osvětьlyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
osvětьliji (masculine plural vocative)
osvětьlyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
osvětьlaja (neuter plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Slovene: osvétel

From *ob- (“somewhat”) + *světьlъ (“light”, adj.), from *světъ (“light”, n.) + *-ьlъ.