perdati

perdanьje (noun-from-verb)
perdati (infinitive)
perdatъ (supine)
perdalъ (l-participle)
perdanъ (participle passive past)
perdavъ (active participle past)
perdady (active participle present)
perdaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
perda (aorist second-person singular)
perdastъ (aorist second-person singular)
perda (aorist singular third-person)
perdastъ (aorist singular third-person)
perdamь (first-person present singular)
perdasi (present second-person singular)
perdastь (present singular third-person)
perdaxově (aorist dual first-person)
perdasta (aorist dual second-person)
perdaste (aorist dual third-person)
perdavě (dual first-person present)
perdasta (dual present second-person)
perdaste (dual present third-person)
perdaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
perdaste (aorist plural second-person)
perdašę (aorist plural third-person)
perdamъ (first-person plural present)
perdaste (plural present second-person)
perdadętь (plural present third-person)
perdaděaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
perdaděaše (imperfect second-person singular)
perdaděaše (imperfect singular third-person)
perdaďь (imperative second-person singular)
perdaďь (imperative singular third-person)
perdaděaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
perdaděašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
perdaděašete (dual imperfect third-person)
perdadivě (dual first-person imperative)
perdadita (dual imperative second-person)
perdaděaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
perdaděašete (imperfect plural second-person)
perdaděaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
perdadimъ (first-person imperative plural)
perdadite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: передати (peredati)

Old Ruthenian: переда́ти (peredáti)

Belarusian: перада́ць (pjeradácʹ)

Ukrainian: переда́ти (peredáty)

Russian: переда́ть (peredátʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: прѣдати (prědati)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⱃⱑⰴⰰⱅⰻ (prědati)

Bulgarian: преда́м (predám)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: прѐдати

Latin script: prèdati

West Slavic:

Old Czech: přědati

Czech: předat

Old Polish: przedać (partially)

Polish: sprzedać

Slovak: predať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: předać

Lower Sorbian: pśedaś

From *per- (“over, through”) + *dati (“to give”).

prefix

be:Аляксандр Мікалаевіч Булыка
ru:Варбот, Жанна Жановна


rędъ

rę̑dъ (canonical masculine)
rę̑dъ (nominative singular)
rę̑da (dual nominative)
rę̑di (nominative plural)
rę̑da (genitive singular)
rędù (dual genitive)
rę̃dъ (genitive plural)
rę̑du (dative singular)
rędomà (dative dual)
rędòmъ (dative plural)
rę̑dъ (accusative singular)
rę̑da (accusative dual)
rę̑dy (accusative plural)
rę̑dъmь (instrumental singular)
rę̑domь (instrumental singular)
rędomà (dual instrumental)
rędý (instrumental plural)
rę̑dě (locative singular)
rędù (dual locative)
rędě̃xъ (locative plural)
ręde (singular vocative)
rę̑da (dual vocative)
rę̑di (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: рѧдъ (rędŭ)

Belarusian: рад (rad)

Russian: ряд (rjad)

Carpathian Rusyn: ряд (rjad)

Ukrainian: ряд (rjad)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: рѧдъ (rędŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱃⱔⰴⱏ (rędŭ)

Macedonian: ред (red)

Slovene: rẹ̑d (tonal orthography)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ре̑д

Latin script: rȇd

West Slavic:

Old Czech: řád

Czech: řád

Kashubian: rząd

desctree

Old Polish: rząd
Polish: rząd
Silesian: rzōnd

Old Slovak: rád, riad

Pannonian Rusyn: ряд (rjad)

Slovak: riad

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: rjad

Lower Sorbian: rěd

→ Albanian: rend

→ Hungarian: rend

→ Lithuanian: rė̃das

→ Romanian: rând

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rindas, apparently from a Proto-Indo-European *rend- (“to tidy up”), with no secure cognates outside of Balto-Slavic. Possibly further from Proto-Indo-European *h₂rey-, derived from *h₂er- (“to unite, to fit”).
Cognates include Lithuanian rindà, Latvian rinda, Gothic 𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (raidjan, “organize, define”), 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃 (garaiþs, “organized, ordered”), Old Norse greida (“unfold, arrange”), German bereit (“ready”), Persian رده (rade, “row, category”), Unclear relation with Old Norse rǫð (“row”) (< Proto-Germanic *radō), Albanian radhë (“row”) and also Latin ōrdō.
Vasmer relates this term with Proto-Celtic *rannā (“part”) as well, but all Celticists reconstruct *ɸrasnā instead for that, precluding Vasmer's comparison.
For the meaning compare Latin serō (“to join”) > seriēs (“series, row”).


rybę

rybę̀ (canonical neuter)
rybę̀ (nominative singular)
rybę̀ti (dual nominative)
rybę̀tā (nominative plural)
rybę̀te (genitive singular)
rybę̀tu (dual genitive)
rybę̀tъ (genitive plural)
rybę̀ti (dative singular)
rybę̀tьma (dative dual)
rybę̀tьmъ (dative plural)
rybę̀ (accusative singular)
rybę̀ti (accusative dual)
rybę̀tā (accusative plural)
rybę̀tьmь (instrumental singular)
rybę̀tьma (dual instrumental)
rybę̀tȳ (instrumental plural)
rybę̀te (locative singular)
rybę̀tu (dual locative)
rybę̀tьxъ (locative plural)
rybę̀ (singular vocative)
rybę̀ti (dual vocative)
rybę̀tā (plural vocative)

West Slavic:

Polish: rybię


košuľa

košuľa (nominative singular)
košuľi (dual nominative)
košuľę̇ (nominative plural)
košuľę̇ (genitive singular)
košuľu (dual genitive)
košuľь (genitive plural)
košuľi (dative singular)
košuľama (dative dual)
košuľamъ (dative plural)
košuľǫ (accusative singular)
košuľi (accusative dual)
košuľę̇ (accusative plural)
košuľejǫ (instrumental singular)
košuľǫ (instrumental singular)
košuľama (dual instrumental)
košuľami (instrumental plural)
košuľi (locative singular)
košuľu (dual locative)
košuľasъ (locative plural)
košuľaxъ (locative plural)
košuľe (singular vocative)
košuľi (dual vocative)
košuľę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: кашуля (kašulja)

Russian: кошуля (košulja)

Ukrainian: кошуля (košulja)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: кошу́ля (košúlja)

Macedonian: кошула (košula)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ко̀шуља

Latin script: kòšulja

Slovene: košulja

West Slavic:

Old Czech: košule

Czech: košile

Kashubian: kòszla, kòszëla

Polish: koszula

Slovak: košeľa

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: košla, (obsolete) košula

Lower Sorbian: košula

Borrowed from Latin casula (“cloak”), diminutive of casa (“hut, house”).


krьstъ

krь̀stъ (canonical masculine)
krь̀stъ (nominative singular)
krьstà (dual nominative)
krьstì (nominative plural)
krьstà (genitive singular)
krьstù (dual genitive)
krь̀stъ (genitive plural)
krьstù (dative singular)
krьstòma (dative dual)
krьstòmъ (dative plural)
krь̀stъ (accusative singular)
krьstà (accusative dual)
krьstỳ (accusative plural)
krьstъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
krьstòmь (instrumental singular)
krьstòma (dual instrumental)
krь̀sty (instrumental plural)
krьstě̀ (locative singular)
krьstù (dual locative)
krь̀stěxъ (locative plural)
krьste (singular vocative)
krьstà (dual vocative)
krьstì (plural vocative)
krь̀stъ (nominative singular)
krьstỳ (dual nominative)
krьstòve (nominative plural)
krьstù (genitive singular)
krьstòvu (dual genitive)
krьstòvъ (genitive plural)
krьstòvi (dative singular)
krь̀stъma (dative dual)
krьstъ̀mъ (dative plural)
krь̀stъ (accusative singular)
krьstỳ (accusative dual)
krьstỳ (accusative plural)
krьstъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
krь̀stъma (dual instrumental)
krь̀stъmī (instrumental plural)
krь̀stu (locative singular)
krьstòvu (dual locative)
krьstъ̀xъ (locative plural)
krьstu (singular vocative)
krьstỳ (dual vocative)
krьstòve (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: крьстъ (krĭstŭ)

Russian: крёст (krjost)

→ Estonian: rist

→ Finnish: risti

→ Ingrian: risti

→ Karelian: risti

→ Kildin Sami: рысст (rysst)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: крьстъ (krĭstŭ)

→ Hungarian: kereszt

→ Russian: крест (krest)

Bulgarian: кръст (krǎst)

Macedonian: крст (krst)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кр̏ст

Latin script: kȑst

Slovene: kȓst (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: křest

Czech: křest

desctree

Old Polish: krzest
Polish: chrzest, krzest (Kuyavia)
→ Belarusian: хрэст (xrest)
→ Ukrainian: хрест (xrest)
Silesian: krzest

Slovak: krst

From Old High German Krist, from Ancient Greek Χριστός (Khristós, “Christ”, literally “anointed”).


gręda

grędà (canonical feminine)
grędà (nominative singular)
grę̑dě (dual nominative)
grę̑dy (nominative plural)
grędý (genitive singular)
grędù (dual genitive)
grę̃dъ (genitive plural)
grędě̀ (dative singular)
grędàma (dative dual)
grędàmъ (dative plural)
grę̑dǫ (accusative singular)
grę̑dě (accusative dual)
grę̑dy (accusative plural)
grędojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
grędàma (dual instrumental)
grędàmi (instrumental plural)
grę̑dě (locative singular)
grędù (dual locative)
grędàsъ (locative plural)
grędàxъ (locative plural)
grędo (singular vocative)
grę̑dě (dual vocative)
grę̑dy (plural vocative)
*grę̑dь (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: грѧда́ (grędá)

desc

Old Ruthenian: грѧда́ (hrjadá), града́ (hradá), греда́ (hredá), кгреда́ (gredá)

Belarusian: града́ (hradá)

Ukrainian: гряда́ (hrjadá)

Russian: гряда́ (grjadá, “garden bed (dialectal); ridge”)

⇒ Russian: гря́дка (grjádka, “garden bed”)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: греда́ (gredá, “beam”), гре́нда (grénda) (dialectal)

Macedonian: греда (greda, “beam”)

Serbo-Croatian: (“beam”)

Cyrillic script: гре́да

Latin script: gréda

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: gréda, grẹ̑d (“beam; garden bed”) (tonal orthography)

⇒ Slovene: gredíca (“garden bed”)

→ Hungarian: gerenda (“beam”)

→ Romanian: grindă (“beam”)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hřada

Czech: hřada

Polabian: gŕǫdă

desc

Polish: grzęda (“perch, roost; garden bed”)

Slovak: hrada

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *grindā́ˀ (“beam; post”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrn̥dʰ-éh₂, from *gʰrendʰ- (“post, beam”).


byvolъ

byvolъ (nominative singular)
byvola (dual nominative)
byvoli (nominative plural)
byvola (genitive singular)
byvolu (dual genitive)
byvolъ (genitive plural)
byvolu (dative singular)
byvoloma (dative dual)
byvolomъ (dative plural)
byvolъ (accusative singular)
byvola (accusative dual)
byvoly (accusative plural)
byvolъmь (instrumental singular)
byvolomь (instrumental singular)
byvoloma (dual instrumental)
byvoly (instrumental plural)
byvolě (locative singular)
byvolu (dual locative)
byvolěxъ (locative plural)
byvole (singular vocative)
byvola (dual vocative)
byvoli (plural vocative)
*bujьvolъ (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: бꙑволъ (byvolŭ)

desc

Belarusian: бу́йвал (bújval), ба́вал (bával), бу́йла (bújla)

Russian: бу́йвол (bújvol), (dialectal) бу́йла (bújla), бу́йло (bújlo)

Ukrainian: бу́йвіл (bújvil), бу́йвов (bújvov)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Church Slavonic (Russian recension): бꙑволъ (byvolŭ)

Bulgarian: би́вол (bívol)

Macedonian: бивол (bivol)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: би́вол, би́во̄ (gen: би́вола)

Latin script: bívol, bívō (gen: bívola)

Slovene: bȋvol

→ Hungarian: bivaly

→ Romanian: bivol

West Slavic:

Old Czech: byvol

Czech: buvol

desctree

Old Polish: bawół
Polish: bawół, bajwół (Middle Polish)
→ Lower Sorbian: bawoł
Silesian: bawōł

Slovak: byvol

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: buwoł

→ Lower Sorbian: buwoł

Borrowed from Vulgar Latin *būvalus, from Latin būbalus, from Ancient Greek βούβαλος (boúbalos). Many of the descendants influenced by a reanalysis as *bujь (“wild”) + *volъ (“ox”).


vozъ

vȍzъ (canonical masculine)
vȍzъ (nominative singular)
vȍza (dual nominative)
vȍzi (nominative plural)
vȍza (genitive singular)
vozù (dual genitive)
vòzъ (genitive plural)
vȍzu (dative singular)
vozomà (dative dual)
vozòmъ (dative plural)
vȍzъ (accusative singular)
vȍza (accusative dual)
vȍzy (accusative plural)
vȍzъmь (instrumental singular)
vȍzomь (instrumental singular)
vozomà (dual instrumental)
vozý (instrumental plural)
vȍzě (locative singular)
vozù (dual locative)
vozě̃xъ (locative plural)
voze (singular vocative)
vȍza (dual vocative)
vȍzi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: возъ (vozŭ)

Old Ruthenian: возъ (voz), вѡзъ (vôz), вузъ (vuz), вюзъ (vjuz)
Belarusian: воз (voz); вуо́з (vuóz) (dialectal)
Carpathian Rusyn: вуз (vuz)
Ukrainian: віз (viz)

Russian: воз (voz)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: возъ (vozŭ)

Bulgarian: воз (voz)

Macedonian: воз (voz)

Serbo-Croatian: vȏz

Slovene: voz

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vóz

Czech: vůz

Old Polish: wóz
Polish: wóz
Silesian: wōz

Slovak: voz

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: wóz

Slovincian: wóz

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wóz

Upper Sorbian: wóz

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *waźas, from Proto-Indo-European *wóǵʰ-o-s, from *weǵʰ- (“to transport”).


mosędzь

mosędzь (nominative singular)
mosędza (dual nominative)
mosędzi (nominative plural)
mosędza (genitive singular)
mosędzu (dual genitive)
mosędzь (genitive plural)
mosędzu (dative singular)
mosędzema (dative dual)
mosędzemъ (dative plural)
mosędzь (accusative singular)
mosędza (accusative dual)
mosędzę̇ (accusative plural)
mosędzьmь (instrumental singular)
mosędzemь (instrumental singular)
mosędzema (dual instrumental)
mosędzi (instrumental plural)
mosędzi (locative singular)
mosędzu (dual locative)
mosędzixъ (locative plural)
mosęže (singular vocative)
mosędza (dual vocative)
mosędzi (plural vocative)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mosaz m or f
Czech: mosaz f

Old Polish: mosiądz
→ Old Ruthenian: мосїондзъ (mosjondz), мосюндзъ (mosjundz), мосендзъ (mosendz), мосенцъ (mosencʹ), мосꙗзъ (mosjaz)
Belarusian: мосенз (mósjenz), мосанз (mósanz)
→ Lithuanian: (dialectal) mãsendzis
⇒ Old Ruthenian: мосѧжъ (mosjaž)
Belarusian: мосенж (mósjenž)
Ukrainian: мося́ж (mosjáž), мо́сінж (mósinž), муся́нж (musjánž)
Polish: mosiądz
→ Kashubian: mòsądz
Silesian: mosiōndz

Old Slovak: mosadz m or f

Slovak: mosadz f

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: mòsąg

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: mósez

Upper Sorbian: mosaz

From earlier *mosęgъ, derived from Proto-West Germanic *massing, from Latin massa (“mass, bulk (of material)”) (compare Middle English masse (“chunk; mass of minerals, ingot”)), from Ancient Greek μᾶζᾰ (mâză, “lump, mass”).
Less likely Germanic term derives from Μοσσῡ́νοικοι (Mossū́noikoi, “Mossynoeci”).
The technical word for brass in South Slavic languages (e.g. Serbo-Croatian мѐсинг /mèsing) is a later borrowing German Messing.

cog

мѐсинг//mèsing

sk:Stručný etymologický slovník slovenčiny


tolkъno

tolkъno (nominative singular)
tolkъně (dual nominative)
tolkъna (nominative plural)
tolkъna (genitive singular)
tolkъnu (dual genitive)
tolkъnъ (genitive plural)
tolkъnu (dative singular)
tolkъnoma (dative dual)
tolkъnomъ (dative plural)
tolkъno (accusative singular)
tolkъně (accusative dual)
tolkъna (accusative plural)
tolkъnъmь (instrumental singular)
tolkъnomь (instrumental singular)
tolkъnoma (dual instrumental)
tolkъny (instrumental plural)
tolkъně (locative singular)
tolkъnu (dual locative)
tolkъněxъ (locative plural)
tolkъno (singular vocative)
tolkъně (dual vocative)
tolkъna (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: толокъно (tolokŭno)

Belarusian: талакно́ (talaknó)

Russian: толокно́ (toloknó)

Ukrainian: толокно́ (toloknó)

→ Finnish: talkkuna

South Slavic:

Slovene:

→ German: Dalken

→ Middle High German: Talken

West Slavic:

Polish: tłukno

* From o-grade of *telkti (“to pound”) + *-ъno
: Cognate with Welsh talch (“oatmeal, groats, fragments”) (< *talko-)
* Derivation from Proto-Turkic *talkān (“parched grain”) is unlikely due to a Slavic internal etymology and wide (even if patchy) geographical distribution


-gъda

From earlier *-da with possible influence of word *godъ. Compare Lithuanian kas (“who, what”), kada (“when”), Sanskrit क (ka, “who”), कदा (kadā, “when”).

kъ- (“who”) → *koda → *kogъda (“when”)

jь (“he”) → *jeda → *jegъda (“when, if”)

jьnъ (“other, another”) → *jьnogъda (“at another time, sometime”)

onъ → *onoda → *onogъda

ovъ → *ovogъda

sь (“this”) → *segъda (“now”)

tъ (“that”) → *togъda (“then”)

vьśь (“all”) → *vьśegъda (“always, anytime”)


solvьjь

solvьjь (nominative singular)
solvьja (dual nominative)
solvьji (nominative plural)
solvьja (genitive singular)
solvьju (dual genitive)
solvьjь (genitive plural)
solvьju (dative singular)
solvьjema (dative dual)
solvьjemъ (dative plural)
solvьjь (accusative singular)
solvьja (accusative dual)
solvьję̇ (accusative plural)
solvьjьmь (instrumental singular)
solvьjemь (instrumental singular)
solvьjema (dual instrumental)
solvьji (instrumental plural)
solvьji (locative singular)
solvьju (dual locative)
solvьjixъ (locative plural)
solvьju (singular vocative)
solvьja (dual vocative)
solvьji (plural vocative)

East Slavic: соловии (solovii)

Belarusian: салаве́й (salavjéj)

Russian: солове́й (solovéj)

Ukrainian: солове́й (solovéj)

South Slavic:

Church Slavonic (Russian recension): славии (slavii)

Bulgarian: сла́вей (slávej)

Macedonian: славеј (slavej)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: сла̀вӯј

Latin: slàvūj

Slovene: slávəc (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: slavík

Polabian: sålüv

Polish: słowik

Old Slovak:

Pannonian Rusyn: славик (slavik)

Slovak: slávik

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: syłoj, syłojik, syłojk

Upper Sorbian: syłobik, sołobik

From *solvъ (“cream-colored”) + *-ьjь, from Proto-Indo-European *solHwos.


konъ

konъ (nominative singular)
kona (dual nominative)
koni (nominative plural)
kona (genitive singular)
konu (dual genitive)
konъ (genitive plural)
konu (dative singular)
konoma (dative dual)
konomъ (dative plural)
konъ (accusative singular)
kona (accusative dual)
kony (accusative plural)
konъmь (instrumental singular)
konomь (instrumental singular)
konoma (dual instrumental)
kony (instrumental plural)
koně (locative singular)
konu (dual locative)
koněxъ (locative plural)
kone (singular vocative)
kona (dual vocative)
koni (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: конъ (konŭ)

Belarusian: кон (kon)

Russian: кон (kon)

Ukrainian: кін (kin)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: кон (kon)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кон

Latin script: kon

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kon

Czech: kon

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: kón

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kanas, from Proto-Indo-European *kon-o-, from *ken-. Equivalent to *čęti (“to begin”) + *-ъ.
For the meaning compare dial. Serbo-Croatian крај (“end”), dial. Russian край (kraj, “edge, end”) (< *krajь (“edge, end”)).


esetь

esetь (nominative singular)
eseti (dual nominative)
eseti (nominative plural)
eseti (genitive singular)
esetьju (dual genitive)
esetьjь (genitive plural)
eseti (dative singular)
esetьma (dative dual)
esetьmъ (dative plural)
esetь (accusative singular)
eseti (accusative dual)
eseti (accusative plural)
esetьjǫ (instrumental singular)
esetьma (dual instrumental)
esetьmi (instrumental plural)
eseti (locative singular)
esetьju (dual locative)
esetьxъ (locative plural)
eseti (singular vocative)
eseti (dual vocative)
eseti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Belarusian: о́сэч (óseč, “granary, drying shed”) (Western), во́сэч (vóseč, “granary, drying shed”) (Western), асэ́ч (aséč, “granary, drying shed”) (Western), осётка (osjotka, “granary”) (dialectal), асётка (asjótka, “place in granary for drying sheaves”) (dialectal)

Russian: осе́ть (osétʹ, “granary, rack for drying grain”)

Ukrainian: о́сіть (ósitʹ, “granary”)

West Slavic:

Polish: jesieć (“grain sieve”) (dialectal), osieć (“granary”) (Eastern dialectal), jesiótka (“grain sieve”) (dialectal), osiótka (“granary”) (Western dialectal)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *eśetis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂oḱetis (“harrow”), from *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”).


tokъ

tȍkъ (canonical masculine)
tȍkъ (nominative singular)
tȍka (dual nominative)
tȍci (nominative plural)
tȍka (genitive singular)
tokù (dual genitive)
tòkъ (genitive plural)
tȍku (dative singular)
tokomà (dative dual)
tokòmъ (dative plural)
tȍkъ (accusative singular)
tȍka (accusative dual)
tȍky (accusative plural)
tȍkъmь (instrumental singular)
tȍkomь (instrumental singular)
tokomà (dual instrumental)
toký (instrumental plural)
tȍcě (locative singular)
tokù (dual locative)
tocě̃xъ (locative plural)
toče (singular vocative)
tȍka (dual vocative)
tȍci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: токъ (tokŭ)

Belarusian: ток (tok)

Russian: ток (tok)

Ukrainian: тік (tik)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: токъ (tokŭ)

Glagolitic: ⱅⱁⰽⱏ (tokŭ)

Bulgarian: ток (tok)

Macedonian: ток (tok)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: то̑к

Latin script: tȏk

Slovene: tọ̑k (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: tok

Czech: tok

Old Polish: tok

Polish: tok

Slovak: tok

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: tok

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *takas, from Proto-Indo-European *tokʷos, from *tekʷ- (“to run, flow”). Equivalent to *teťi (“to flow, run”) + *-ъ.
Baltic cognates include
Lithuanian tãkas (“footpath, path”),
Latvian taks (“footpath, path”)
Indo-European cognates include
Avestan 𐬙𐬀𐬐𐬀 (taka, “course”)


tekъ

tekъ (nominative singular)
teka (dual nominative)
teci (nominative plural)
teka (genitive singular)
teku (dual genitive)
tekъ (genitive plural)
teku (dative singular)
tekoma (dative dual)
tekomъ (dative plural)
tekъ (accusative singular)
teka (accusative dual)
teky (accusative plural)
tekъmь (instrumental singular)
tekomь (instrumental singular)
tekoma (dual instrumental)
teky (instrumental plural)
tecě (locative singular)
teku (dual locative)
tecěxъ (locative plural)
teče (singular vocative)
teka (dual vocative)
teci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: тёк (tjok)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: текъ (tekŭ)

Macedonian: тек (tek)

Slovene: tẹ̑k (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Polish: ciek

Pannonian Rusyn: цек (cek)

Slovak: tok (“the course of a river”)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tekas, from Proto-Indo-European *tekʷos, from *tekʷ- (“to run, flow”). Equivalent to *teťi (“to flow, run”) + *-ъ.
Baltic cognates include
Latvian tȩks m (“foot-path”), tȩka f (“foot-path”).
Indo-European cognates include
Old Irish intech (“road”).


ľubь

ľubь (nominative singular)
ľubi (dual nominative)
ľubi (nominative plural)
ľubi (genitive singular)
ľubьju (dual genitive)
ľubьjь (genitive plural)
ľubi (dative singular)
ľubьma (dative dual)
ľubьmъ (dative plural)
ľubь (accusative singular)
ľubi (accusative dual)
ľubi (accusative plural)
ľubьjǫ (instrumental singular)
ľubьma (dual instrumental)
ľubьmi (instrumental plural)
ľubi (locative singular)
ľubьju (dual locative)
ľubьxъ (locative plural)
ľubi (singular vocative)
ľubi (dual vocative)
ľubi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: Любь (Ljubʹ)

Russian: любь (ljubʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: любь (ljubĭ)

Glagolitic: ⰾⱓⰱⱐ (ljubĭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

unspecified script:

Latin script: ļub

Slovene: ljȗb


dъščь

dъ̀ščь (canonical masculine)
dъ̀ščь (nominative singular)
dъščà (dual nominative)
dъščì (nominative plural)
dъščà (genitive singular)
dъščù (dual genitive)
dъ̀ščь (genitive plural)
dъščù (dative singular)
dъščèma (dative dual)
dъ̀ščemъ (dative plural)
dъ̀ščь (accusative singular)
dъščà (accusative dual)
dъščę̇̀ (accusative plural)
dъščь̀mь (instrumental singular)
dъščèmь (instrumental singular)
dъščèma (dual instrumental)
dъ̀šči (instrumental plural)
dъščì (locative singular)
dъščù (dual locative)
dъ̀ščixъ (locative plural)
dъšču (singular vocative)
dъščà (dual vocative)
dъščì (plural vocative)


domasědъ

domasědъ (nominative singular)
domasěda (dual nominative)
domasědi (nominative plural)
domasěda (genitive singular)
domasědu (dual genitive)
domasědъ (genitive plural)
domasědu (dative singular)
domasědoma (dative dual)
domasědomъ (dative plural)
domasědъ (accusative singular)
domasěda (accusative dual)
domasědy (accusative plural)
domasědъmь (instrumental singular)
domasědomь (instrumental singular)
domasědoma (dual instrumental)
domasědy (instrumental plural)
domasědě (locative singular)
domasědu (dual locative)
domasěděxъ (locative plural)
domasěde (singular vocative)
domasěda (dual vocative)
domasědi (plural vocative)
*domosědъ (alternative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: дамасе́д (damasjéd)

Russian: домосе́д (domoséd)

Ukrainian: домосі́д (domosíd)

West Slavic:

Czech: domased

Slovak: domased

From *doma (“at home”) + *sěděti (“to sit”).
Compare Latin domiseda


vьrěti

vьrě̀ti (canonical imperfective)
vьrěnьje (noun-from-verb)
vьrěti (infinitive)
vьrětъ (supine)
vьrělъ (l-participle)
vьrěvъ (active participle past)
vьrę (active participle present)
vьrěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
vьrě (aorist second-person singular)
vьrě (aorist singular third-person)
vьřǫ (first-person present singular)
vьriši (present second-person singular)
vьritь (present singular third-person)
vьrěxově (aorist dual first-person)
vьrěsta (aorist dual second-person)
vьrěste (aorist dual third-person)
vьrivě (dual first-person present)
vьrita (dual present second-person)
vьrite (dual present third-person)
vьrěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vьrěste (aorist plural second-person)
vьrěšę (aorist plural third-person)
vьrimъ (first-person plural present)
vьrite (plural present second-person)
vьrętь (plural present third-person)
vьrěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vьrěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vьrěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vьri (imperative second-person singular)
vьri (imperative singular third-person)
vьrěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vьrěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vьrěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vьrivě (dual first-person imperative)
vьrita (dual imperative second-person)
vьrěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vьrěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vьrěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vьrimъ (first-person imperative plural)
vьrite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вьрѣти (vĭrěti)

Old Ruthenian: врѣти (vrěti)

Belarusian: врэць (vrecʹ)

Ukrainian: вріти (vrity)

Russian: вреть (vretʹ) (dated)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: вьрѣти (vĭrěti)

Glagolitic: ⰲⱐⱃⱑⱅⰹ (vĭrěti)

Bulgarian: вря (vrja)

Macedonian: врие (vrie)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: вре̏ти

Latin script: vrȅti

Slovene: vrẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vřieti

Czech: vřít

Old Polish: wrzeć

Polish: wrzeć

Silesian: wreć

Slovak: vrieť

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wirˀ(ē)tei, from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥- (“to burn”) (Černyx) or *wr̥H- (Derksen).
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian vi̇̀rti (“to boil”) (3sg. vérda), Latvian vir̂t (“to boil”) (3sg. vęr̂d).
Indo-European cognates include
Hittite [script needed] (urāni, “burns”)


gladъkъ

glàdъkъ (canonical)
gladъkъ (masculine nominative singular)
gladъka (feminine nominative singular)
gladъko (neuter nominative singular)
gladъka (genitive masculine singular)
gladъky (feminine genitive singular)
gladъka (genitive neuter singular)
gladъku (dative masculine singular)
gladъcě (dative feminine singular)
gladъku (dative neuter singular)
gladъkъ (accusative masculine singular)
gladъkǫ (accusative feminine singular)
gladъko (accusative neuter singular)
gladъkomь (instrumental masculine singular)
gladъkojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
gladъkomь (instrumental neuter singular)
gladъcě (locative masculine singular)
gladъcě (feminine locative singular)
gladъcě (locative neuter singular)
gladъče (masculine singular vocative)
gladъko (feminine singular vocative)
gladъko (neuter singular vocative)
gladъka (dual masculine nominative)
gladъcě (dual feminine nominative)
gladъcě (dual neuter nominative)
gladъku (dual genitive masculine)
gladъku (dual feminine genitive)
gladъku (dual genitive neuter)
gladъkoma (dative dual masculine)
gladъkama (dative dual feminine)
gladъkoma (dative dual neuter)
gladъka (accusative dual masculine)
gladъcě (accusative dual feminine)
gladъcě (accusative dual neuter)
gladъkoma (dual instrumental masculine)
gladъkama (dual feminine instrumental)
gladъkoma (dual instrumental neuter)
gladъku (dual locative masculine)
gladъku (dual feminine locative)
gladъku (dual locative neuter)
gladъka (dual masculine vocative)
gladъcě (dual feminine vocative)
gladъcě (dual neuter vocative)
gladъci (masculine nominative plural)
gladъky (feminine nominative plural)
gladъka (neuter nominative plural)
gladъkъ (genitive masculine plural)
gladъkъ (feminine genitive plural)
gladъkъ (genitive neuter plural)
gladъkomъ (dative masculine plural)
gladъkamъ (dative feminine plural)
gladъkomъ (dative neuter plural)
gladъky (accusative masculine plural)
gladъky (accusative feminine plural)
gladъka (accusative neuter plural)
gladъky (instrumental masculine plural)
gladъkami (feminine instrumental plural)
gladъky (instrumental neuter plural)
gladъcěxъ (locative masculine plural)
gladъkaxъ (feminine locative plural)
gladъcěxъ (locative neuter plural)
gladъci (masculine plural vocative)
gladъky (feminine plural vocative)
gladъka (neuter plural vocative)
gladъkъjь (masculine nominative singular)
gladъkaja (feminine nominative singular)
gladъkoje (neuter nominative singular)
gladъkajego (genitive masculine singular)
gladъkyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
gladъkajego (genitive neuter singular)
gladъkujemu (dative masculine singular)
gladъcěji (dative feminine singular)
gladъkujemu (dative neuter singular)
gladъkъjь (accusative masculine singular)
gladъkǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
gladъkoje (accusative neuter singular)
gladъkyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
gladъkǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
gladъkyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
gladъcějemь (locative masculine singular)
gladъcěji (feminine locative singular)
gladъcějemь (locative neuter singular)
gladъkъjь (masculine singular vocative)
gladъkaja (feminine singular vocative)
gladъkoje (neuter singular vocative)
gladъkaja (dual masculine nominative)
gladъcěji (dual feminine nominative)
gladъcěji (dual neuter nominative)
gladъkuju (dual genitive masculine)
gladъkuju (dual feminine genitive)
gladъkuju (dual genitive neuter)
gladъkyjima (dative dual masculine)
gladъkyjima (dative dual feminine)
gladъkyjima (dative dual neuter)
gladъkaja (accusative dual masculine)
gladъcěji (accusative dual feminine)
gladъcěji (accusative dual neuter)
gladъkyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
gladъkyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
gladъkyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
gladъkuju (dual locative masculine)
gladъkuju (dual feminine locative)
gladъkuju (dual locative neuter)
gladъkaja (dual masculine vocative)
gladъcěji (dual feminine vocative)
gladъcěji (dual neuter vocative)
gladъciji (masculine nominative plural)
gladъkyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
gladъkaja (neuter nominative plural)
gladъkъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
gladъkъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
gladъkъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
gladъkyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
gladъkyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
gladъkyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
gladъkyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
gladъkyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
gladъkaja (accusative neuter plural)
gladъkyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
gladъkyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
gladъkyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
gladъkyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
gladъkyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
gladъkyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
gladъciji (masculine plural vocative)
gladъkyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
gladъkaja (neuter plural vocative)
*gladъ (alternative)

East Slavic

Belarusian: гла́дкі (hládki)

desc

Russian: гла́дкий (gládkij), гла́же (gláže)

Ukrainian: гладки́й (hladkýj)

South Slavic

Old Church Slavonic: гладъкъ (gladŭkŭ)

Bulgarian: гла́дък (gládǎk)

Macedonian: гладок (gladok) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гла̏дак

Latin script: glȁdak

Slovene: gladka

West Slavic

Old Czech: hladký

Czech: hladký

Kashubian: głôdczi

Polish: gładki

Slovak: hladký

Sorbian

Upper Sorbian: hładki

Lower Sorbian: gładki

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *glā́ˀdus, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰleh₂dʰ-.

Rick Derksen
ru:Черных, Павел Яковлевич


-nь

-nь (nominative singular)
-ni (dual nominative)
-ni (nominative plural)
-ni (genitive singular)
-nьju (dual genitive)
-nьjь (genitive plural)
-ni (dative singular)
-nьma (dative dual)
-nьmъ (dative plural)
-nь (accusative singular)
-ni (accusative dual)
-ni (accusative plural)
-nьjǫ (instrumental singular)
-nьma (dual instrumental)
-nьmi (instrumental plural)
-ni (locative singular)
-nьju (dual locative)
-nьxъ (locative plural)
-ni (singular vocative)
-ni (dual vocative)
-ni (plural vocative)
*-znь (alternative)
*-snь (alternative)
*-snja (alternative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-nis.
Cognate with Lithuanian -nis, degsni̇̀s, Old Prussian biāsnan (Asg.), Proto-Germanic *-niz and Hittite [script needed] (ḫaneššar), [script needed] (ḫanešnaš, Gen.).

basnь (“tale”) ← *ba- (“to tell”)
žiznь (“life”) ← *žiti (“to live”)
kuznь (“forge, smithy”) ← *ku- (“to forge”)

From verbs ending in -V- *pěsnь (“song”) ← *pěti (“to sing”)

prijaznь (“friendship”) ← *prijati (“to favor, to please”)

From verbs ending in -a/V- *kajaznь (“sorrow”) ← *kajati (“to regret”)

dolnь (“palm of hand”) ← Pre-Slavic *dolti (“to rub, to wreck”)
kolnь (“slaughter”) ← *kolti (“to stab, cleave”)
technically *dьnь (“day”) ← Pre-Slavic *diti (“to emerge, to brighten”)

From verbs eniding in -C/j- *bornь (“standoff, battle”) ← *borti (“to fight, to wrestle”)

bolěznь (“pain, agony”) ← *bolěti (“to hurt”)
grěnь (“blaze”) ← *grěti (“to heat, to shine”)
lěnь (“sloth”) ← Pre-Slavic *lětь (“to allow, to let”) (preserved only in adverb form)

From verbs ending in -ě-, -ě/i- *bojaznь (“fear, awe”) ← *bojati (“to fear”)

dьranь (“tearing, wrench, trash”) ← *dьrati (“to tear”)
bьranь (“yield”) ← *bьrati (“to pick up”)
zařanь (“morning, dayspring”) ← *ozařati (“to elluminate”)
oranь (“plowing”) ← *orati (“to plow”)


něti

nětьje (noun-from-verb)
něti (infinitive)
nětъ (supine)
nělъ (l-participle)
nětъ (participle passive past)
nějemъ (participle passive present)
něvъ (active participle past)
něję (active participle present)
něxъ (aorist first-person singular)
ně (aorist second-person singular)
ně (aorist singular third-person)
nějǫ (first-person present singular)
něješi (present second-person singular)
nějetь (present singular third-person)
něxově (aorist dual first-person)
něsta (aorist dual second-person)
něste (aorist dual third-person)
nějevě (dual first-person present)
nějeta (dual present second-person)
nějete (dual present third-person)
něxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
něste (aorist plural second-person)
něšę (aorist plural third-person)
nějemъ (first-person plural present)
nějete (plural present second-person)
nějǫtь (plural present third-person)
něaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
něaše (imperfect second-person singular)
něaše (imperfect singular third-person)
něji (imperative second-person singular)
něji (imperative singular third-person)
něaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
něašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
něašete (dual imperfect third-person)
nějivě (dual first-person imperative)
nějita (dual imperative second-person)
něaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
něašete (imperfect plural second-person)
něaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
nějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
nějite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: нијети

Latin script: nijeti, net

Cognate with Sanskrit नयति (náyati, “to lead”), Avestan 𐬥𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (naiieⁱti, “to bring, lead”), Old Persian 𐎠𐎴𐎹 (a-n-y /anaya/, “he was leading, bringing”), Middle Persian [script needed] (nītan, “to lead, drive”), Hittite 𒈾𒄿𒉈 (nāine, “to guide”).


buza

buza (nominative singular)
buzě (dual nominative)
buzy (nominative plural)
buzy (genitive singular)
buzu (dual genitive)
buzъ (genitive plural)
buzě (dative singular)
buzama (dative dual)
buzamъ (dative plural)
buzǫ (accusative singular)
buzě (accusative dual)
buzy (accusative plural)
buzojǫ (instrumental singular)
buzǫ (instrumental singular)
buzama (dual instrumental)
buzami (instrumental plural)
buzě (locative singular)
buzu (dual locative)
buzasъ (locative plural)
buzaxъ (locative plural)
buzo (singular vocative)
buzě (dual vocative)
buzy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: буза (buza, “uproar”)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: буза (buza, “cheek”)

Macedonian: буза (buza, “lips”)

West Slavic:

Polish: buzia (“mouth”)

→ Ukrainian: бузя (buzja)

→ Ukrainian: бузі (buzi, “kiss”)

The South Slavic descendants have been related to Albanian buzë and Romanian buză, on basis of which it is speculated that all of them descend from a Balkan substratum.
If the term is of native origin, it would most likely be from the onomatopoeic Proto-Indo-European *bʰewǵ- (“to blow, to swell”). Potential cognates include Lithuanian buožė (“mace”), Latvian buoze (“lump, ball”), and possibly Proto-Germanic *būkaz (“belly”), Thracian βυζας (buzas, “buck”), Proto-Celtic *bukkos (“buck”), Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰuȷ́ás (“buck”).
From the same root, however, through other extensions are Latin bucca (“mouth”) and Latvian buča (“kiss”), Lithuanian bučinỹs (“kiss”).


bǫbarъ

bǫ̀barъ (canonical masculine)
bǫbarъ (nominative singular)
bǫbara (dual nominative)
bǫbari (nominative plural)
bǫbara (genitive singular)
bǫbaru (dual genitive)
bǫbarъ (genitive plural)
bǫbaru (dative singular)
bǫbaroma (dative dual)
bǫbaromъ (dative plural)
bǫbarъ (accusative singular)
bǫbara (accusative dual)
bǫbary (accusative plural)
bǫbarъmь (instrumental singular)
bǫbaromь (instrumental singular)
bǫbaroma (dual instrumental)
bǫbary (instrumental plural)
bǫbarě (locative singular)
bǫbaru (dual locative)
bǫbarěxъ (locative plural)
bǫbare (singular vocative)
bǫbara (dual vocative)
bǫbari (plural vocative)
*bǫbalъ (alternative)
*brǫbarъ (alternative)
*brǫbalъ (alternative)

East Slavic:

desc

⇒ Russian: буба́рка (bubárka), бубари́ца (bubaríca)

Ukrainian: бомба́р (bombár, “cockchafer”)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бъ́бар (bǎ́bar), бръ́мбар (brǎ́mbar), бръ́мбал (brǎ́mbal)

Macedonian: бумбар (bumbar), брмбалец (brmbalec)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бу̏мба̄р, бубаљка

Latin script: bȕmbār, bubaljka, bunbor

Of onomatopoeic origin, from duplication of the root of *bъmъ, *brьmъ (“buzz, hum”) + *-arъ. Cognate with Lithuanian bam̃balas (“bumblebee, cockchafer”),
Latvian bam̃bals (“beetle”) and further comparable with Sanskrit बम्भरः (bambharaḥ, “bee”), Ancient Greek βομβυλιός (bombuliós, “bumblebee”).


-uľa

-uľa (nominative singular)
-uľi (dual nominative)
-uľę̇ (nominative plural)
-uľę̇ (genitive singular)
-uľu (dual genitive)
-uľь (genitive plural)
-uľi (dative singular)
-uľama (dative dual)
-uľamъ (dative plural)
-uľǫ (accusative singular)
-uľi (accusative dual)
-uľę̇ (accusative plural)
-uľejǫ (instrumental singular)
-uľǫ (instrumental singular)
-uľama (dual instrumental)
-uľami (instrumental plural)
-uľi (locative singular)
-uľu (dual locative)
-uľasъ (locative plural)
-uľaxъ (locative plural)
-uľe (singular vocative)
-uľi (dual vocative)
-uľę̇ (plural vocative)

kozuľa ← *koza (“she-goat”)

krasuľa ← *krasa

květuľa ← *květъ (“flower”)

meduľa ← *medъ (“honey”)

pisuľa ← *pisati (“to paint, write”)?

mizuľa ← *mizati

mazuľa ← *mazati (“to smear, anoint”)


pьňь

pь̏ňь (canonical masculine)
pь̏ňь (nominative singular)
pь̏ňa (dual nominative)
pь̏ňi (nominative plural)
pь̏ňa (genitive singular)
pьňù (dual genitive)
pь̀ňь (genitive plural)
pь̏ňu (dative singular)
pьňemà (dative dual)
pьňèmъ (dative plural)
pь̏ňь (accusative singular)
pь̏ňa (accusative dual)
pь̏ňę̇ (accusative plural)
pь̏ňьmь (instrumental singular)
pь̏ňemь (instrumental singular)
pьňemà (dual instrumental)
pьňí (instrumental plural)
pь̏ňi (locative singular)
pьňù (dual locative)
pьňĩxъ (locative plural)
pьňu (singular vocative)
pь̏ňa (dual vocative)
pь̏ňi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: пьнь (pĭnĭ)

Belarusian: пень (pjenʹ)

Russian: пень (penʹ)

Ukrainian: пень (penʹ)

South Slavic:

Church Slavonic: пьнь (pĭnĭ)

Bulgarian: пън (pǎn)

Macedonian: пен (pen)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: па̑њ

Latin script: pȃnj

Slovene: pȃnj

West Slavic:

Old Czech: peň

Czech: peň

Moravian (Mistřice): peň

Kashubian: piéń

Polish: pień

Slovak: peň

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: pjenk

Lower Sorbian: ṕeńk, ṕeń

Derived from Proto-Indo-European *pin- (“piece of wood”) or *spey- (“spike, pointed piece of wood”).
Possible cognates: Sanskrit पिनाक n (pínākam, “staff, stick, bow”), Ancient Greek πίναξ m (pínax, “wooden board, writing slate, painting”), Old High German witu-fîna f (“pile of wood”), Middle Low German vîne (“pile of wood”).


sedmъ

sedmъ (masculine nominative singular)
sedma (feminine nominative singular)
sedmo (neuter nominative singular)
sedma (genitive masculine singular)
sedmy (feminine genitive singular)
sedma (genitive neuter singular)
sedmu (dative masculine singular)
sedmě (dative feminine singular)
sedmu (dative neuter singular)
sedmъ (accusative masculine singular)
sedmǫ (accusative feminine singular)
sedmo (accusative neuter singular)
sedmomь (instrumental masculine singular)
sedmojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
sedmomь (instrumental neuter singular)
sedmě (locative masculine singular)
sedmě (feminine locative singular)
sedmě (locative neuter singular)
sedme (masculine singular vocative)
sedmo (feminine singular vocative)
sedmo (neuter singular vocative)
sedma (dual masculine nominative)
sedmě (dual feminine nominative)
sedmě (dual neuter nominative)
sedmu (dual genitive masculine)
sedmu (dual feminine genitive)
sedmu (dual genitive neuter)
sedmoma (dative dual masculine)
sedmama (dative dual feminine)
sedmoma (dative dual neuter)
sedma (accusative dual masculine)
sedmě (accusative dual feminine)
sedmě (accusative dual neuter)
sedmoma (dual instrumental masculine)
sedmama (dual feminine instrumental)
sedmoma (dual instrumental neuter)
sedmu (dual locative masculine)
sedmu (dual feminine locative)
sedmu (dual locative neuter)
sedma (dual masculine vocative)
sedmě (dual feminine vocative)
sedmě (dual neuter vocative)
sedmi (masculine nominative plural)
sedmy (feminine nominative plural)
sedma (neuter nominative plural)
sedmъ (genitive masculine plural)
sedmъ (feminine genitive plural)
sedmъ (genitive neuter plural)
sedmomъ (dative masculine plural)
sedmamъ (dative feminine plural)
sedmomъ (dative neuter plural)
sedmy (accusative masculine plural)
sedmy (accusative feminine plural)
sedma (accusative neuter plural)
sedmy (instrumental masculine plural)
sedmami (feminine instrumental plural)
sedmy (instrumental neuter plural)
sedměxъ (locative masculine plural)
sedmaxъ (feminine locative plural)
sedměxъ (locative neuter plural)
sedmi (masculine plural vocative)
sedmy (feminine plural vocative)
sedma (neuter plural vocative)
sedmъjь (masculine nominative singular)
sedmaja (feminine nominative singular)
sedmoje (neuter nominative singular)
sedmajego (genitive masculine singular)
sedmyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
sedmajego (genitive neuter singular)
sedmujemu (dative masculine singular)
sedměji (dative feminine singular)
sedmujemu (dative neuter singular)
sedmъjь (accusative masculine singular)
sedmǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
sedmoje (accusative neuter singular)
sedmyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
sedmǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
sedmyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
sedmějemь (locative masculine singular)
sedměji (feminine locative singular)
sedmějemь (locative neuter singular)
sedmъjь (masculine singular vocative)
sedmaja (feminine singular vocative)
sedmoje (neuter singular vocative)
sedmaja (dual masculine nominative)
sedměji (dual feminine nominative)
sedměji (dual neuter nominative)
sedmuju (dual genitive masculine)
sedmuju (dual feminine genitive)
sedmuju (dual genitive neuter)
sedmyjima (dative dual masculine)
sedmyjima (dative dual feminine)
sedmyjima (dative dual neuter)
sedmaja (accusative dual masculine)
sedměji (accusative dual feminine)
sedměji (accusative dual neuter)
sedmyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
sedmyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
sedmyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
sedmuju (dual locative masculine)
sedmuju (dual feminine locative)
sedmuju (dual locative neuter)
sedmaja (dual masculine vocative)
sedměji (dual feminine vocative)
sedměji (dual neuter vocative)
sedmiji (masculine nominative plural)
sedmyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
sedmaja (neuter nominative plural)
sedmъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
sedmъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
sedmъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
sedmyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
sedmyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
sedmyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
sedmyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
sedmyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
sedmaja (accusative neuter plural)
sedmyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
sedmyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
sedmyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
sedmyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
sedmyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
sedmyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
sedmiji (masculine plural vocative)
sedmyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
sedmaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: семъ (semŭ)

Old Ruthenian: семый (semyj)

Belarusian: сёмы (sjómy)

Carpathian Rusyn: семый (semŷj)

Ukrainian: сьо́мий (sʹómyj)

Russian: сёмый (sjómyj), семо́й (semój)

Old Novgorodian: семе (seme)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: седмъ (sedmŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⰵⰴⰿⱏ (sedmŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: се̑дмӣ

Latin script: sȇdmī

Slovene: sẹ́dmi (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sedmý

Czech: sedmý

desctree

Old Polish: siódmy, siedmy
Polish: siódmy
Silesian: siōdmy

Old Slovak: sedmy, siedmy

Pannonian Rusyn: седми (sedmi)

Slovak: siedmy

Polabian: sedmĕ

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: sedmy

Lower Sorbian: sedymy

From earlier *sebdmъ < *septmъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *septmas, from Proto-Indo-European *septmós.
Baltic cognates include Old Lithuanian sẽkmas, Old Prussian septmas (“seventh”).
Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit सप्तम (saptamá, “seventh”), Ancient Greek ἕβδομος (hébdomos, “seventh”), Latin septimus (“seventh”), Proto-Germanic *sebundô.


dzělo

East Slavic:

Belarusian: до зела (do zjela)

Russian: зело́ (zeló) (archaic)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ꙃѣло (dzělo)

Slovene: zelọ̑ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: zielo

Czech: zělo (obsolete)

From *dzělъ (“vehement”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gailas, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰoylos.


kъduňa

kъduňa (nominative singular)
kъduňi (dual nominative)
kъduňę̇ (nominative plural)
kъduňę̇ (genitive singular)
kъduňu (dual genitive)
kъduňь (genitive plural)
kъduňi (dative singular)
kъduňama (dative dual)
kъduňamъ (dative plural)
kъduňǫ (accusative singular)
kъduňi (accusative dual)
kъduňę̇ (accusative plural)
kъduňejǫ (instrumental singular)
kъduňǫ (instrumental singular)
kъduňama (dual instrumental)
kъduňami (instrumental plural)
kъduňi (locative singular)
kъduňu (dual locative)
kъduňasъ (locative plural)
kъduňaxъ (locative plural)
kъduňe (singular vocative)
kъduňi (dual vocative)
kъduňę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *гъдуля (*gŭdulja)

Old Ruthenian: *гъду́ля (*hdúlja)

desc

Ukrainian: гду́ля (hdúlja), ду́ля (dúlja)

Russian: ду́ля (dúlja)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: дю́ля (djúlja)

Macedonian: дуња (dunja)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гду̏ња, ду̏ња

Latin: gdȕnja, dȕnja

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kdúle, gdúle

Czech: kdoule, gdoule

Old Polish: gdula, dula

Old Slovak: gdula, dula

Slovak: dula, gduľa (dialectal), bduľa (dialectal)

Lower Sorbian: dula

From Latin cydōnia, from Ancient Greek Κυδωνία (Kudōnía, “quince-tree”).


trimati

trimanьje (noun-from-verb)
trimati (infinitive)
trimatъ (supine)
trimalъ (l-participle)
trimanъ (participle passive past)
trimajemъ (participle passive present)
trimavъ (active participle past)
trimaję (active participle present)
trimaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
trima (aorist second-person singular)
trima (aorist singular third-person)
trimajǫ (first-person present singular)
trimaješi (present second-person singular)
trimajetь (present singular third-person)
trimaxově (aorist dual first-person)
trimasta (aorist dual second-person)
trimaste (aorist dual third-person)
trimajevě (dual first-person present)
trimajeta (dual present second-person)
trimajete (dual present third-person)
trimaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
trimaste (aorist plural second-person)
trimašę (aorist plural third-person)
trimajemъ (first-person plural present)
trimajete (plural present second-person)
trimajǫtь (plural present third-person)
trimaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
trimaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
trimaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
trimaji (imperative second-person singular)
trimaji (imperative singular third-person)
trimaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
trimaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
trimaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
trimajivě (dual first-person imperative)
trimajita (dual imperative second-person)
trimaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
trimaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
trimaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
trimajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
trimajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Slovene: tŕmati

West Slavic:

desctree

Old Polish: trzymać
Polish: trzymać
→ Czech: třímat
Silesian: trzimać
→ Old Ruthenian: тримати (trimati), тримать (trimatʹ), трымати (trymati)
Belarusian: трыма́ць (trymácʹ)
Carpathian Rusyn: три́мати (trýmaty)
Ukrainian: трима́ти (trymáty)

Old Slovak: *trímať

Slovak: trímať

Pannonian Rusyn: тримац (trimac)

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: trzëmac

Slovincian: trzëmac


jьzmьlsti

jьzmьlzenьje (noun-from-verb)
jьzmьlsti (infinitive)
jьzmьlstъ (supine)
jьzmьlzlъ (l-participle)
jьzmьlzenъ (participle passive past)
jьzmьlzъ (active participle past)
jьzmьlzъ (aorist first-person singular)
jьzmьlzoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
jьzmьlze (aorist second-person singular)
jьzmьlze (aorist singular third-person)
jьzmьlzǫ (first-person present singular)
jьzmьlzeši (present second-person singular)
jьzmьlzetь (present singular third-person)
jьzmьlzově (aorist dual first-person)
jьzmьlzoxově (aorist dual first-person)
jьzmьlzeta (aorist dual second-person)
jьzmьlzosta (aorist dual second-person)
jьzmьlzete (aorist dual third-person)
jьzmьlzoste (aorist dual third-person)
jьzmьlzevě (dual first-person present)
jьzmьlzeta (dual present second-person)
jьzmьlzete (dual present third-person)
jьzmьlzomъ (aorist first-person plural)
jьzmьlzoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
jьzmьlzete (aorist plural second-person)
jьzmьlzoste (aorist plural second-person)
jьzmьlzǫ (aorist plural third-person)
jьzmьlzošę (aorist plural third-person)
jьzmьlzemъ (first-person plural present)
jьzmьlzete (plural present second-person)
jьzmьlzǫtь (plural present third-person)
jьzmьlzi (imperative second-person singular)
jьzmьlzi (imperative singular third-person)
jьzmьlzěvě (dual first-person imperative)
jьzmьlzěta (dual imperative second-person)
jьzmьlzěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
jьzmьlzěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: измълсти (izmŭlsti)

South Slavic:

Church Slavonic: измълсти (izmŭlsti)

desc

Bulgarian: измълзе́м (izmǎlzém) (dialectal)

Macedonian: измолзе (izmolze)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ѝзмӯсти

Latin script: ìzmūsti

Slovene: izmólsti (tonal orthography)

From *jьz- + *mьlsti. Compare parallel Lithuanian išmélžti (“to milk out”), Latin ēmulgeō (“I milk out”).


vъnukъ

vъnùkъ (canonical masculine)
vъnùkъ (nominative singular)
vъnùka (dual nominative)
vъnùci (nominative plural)
vъnùka (genitive singular)
vъnùku (dual genitive)
vъnùkъ (genitive plural)
vъnùku (dative singular)
vъnùkoma (dative dual)
vъnùkomъ (dative plural)
vъnùkъ (accusative singular)
vъnùka (accusative dual)
vъnùky (accusative plural)
vъnùkъmь (instrumental singular)
vъnùkomь (instrumental singular)
vъnùkoma (dual instrumental)
vъnùkȳ (instrumental plural)
vъnùcě (locative singular)
vъnùku (dual locative)
vъnùcě̄xъ (locative plural)
vъnùče (singular vocative)
vъnùka (dual vocative)
vъnùci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вънукъ (vŭnukŭ)

Old Ruthenian: внукъ (vnuk), унукъ (unuk)

desctree

Belarusian: уну́к (unúk)
→ Latgalian: unuks

Carpathian Rusyn: внук (vnuk)

desc

Ukrainian: ону́к (onúk); вну́к (vnúk), уну́к (unúk) (dialectal)

→ Lithuanian: anū̃kas

desctree

Russian: внук (vnuk)
→ Ingrian: vunukka
→ Komi-Zyrian: внук (vnuk)

Old Novgorodian: вънуке (vŭnuke)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: внук (vnuk)

Macedonian: внук (vnuk)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: у̀нук

Latin script: ùnuk

Slovene: vnuk

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vnuk

Czech: vnuk

Old Polish: wnęk, wnuk

Polish: wnuk

Slovak: vnuk

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wnuk

Upper Sorbian: wnuk

Non-Slavic:

→ Chuvash: мăнук (mănuk)

→ Hungarian: unoka

→ Eastern Mari: уныка (unyka)

→ Tatar: онык (onıq)

The onset *vъn may be from the zero-grade of Proto-Indo-European *h₂en- (“onto”); for other familial terms from this root, compare Lithuanian anýta (“mother-in-law”), Latin anus (“old woman, matron”). Possibly related to Ancient Greek ἔγγονος (éngonos, “grandson”).

cog

ętry

sister-in-law (husband's brother's wife)


šestъ

šȅstъ (canonical)
šestъ (masculine nominative singular)
šesta (feminine nominative singular)
šesto (neuter nominative singular)
šesta (genitive masculine singular)
šesty (feminine genitive singular)
šesta (genitive neuter singular)
šestu (dative masculine singular)
šestě (dative feminine singular)
šestu (dative neuter singular)
šestъ (accusative masculine singular)
šestǫ (accusative feminine singular)
šesto (accusative neuter singular)
šestomь (instrumental masculine singular)
šestojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
šestomь (instrumental neuter singular)
šestě (locative masculine singular)
šestě (feminine locative singular)
šestě (locative neuter singular)
šeste (masculine singular vocative)
šesto (feminine singular vocative)
šesto (neuter singular vocative)
šesta (dual masculine nominative)
šestě (dual feminine nominative)
šestě (dual neuter nominative)
šestu (dual genitive masculine)
šestu (dual feminine genitive)
šestu (dual genitive neuter)
šestoma (dative dual masculine)
šestama (dative dual feminine)
šestoma (dative dual neuter)
šesta (accusative dual masculine)
šestě (accusative dual feminine)
šestě (accusative dual neuter)
šestoma (dual instrumental masculine)
šestama (dual feminine instrumental)
šestoma (dual instrumental neuter)
šestu (dual locative masculine)
šestu (dual feminine locative)
šestu (dual locative neuter)
šesta (dual masculine vocative)
šestě (dual feminine vocative)
šestě (dual neuter vocative)
šesti (masculine nominative plural)
šesty (feminine nominative plural)
šesta (neuter nominative plural)
šestъ (genitive masculine plural)
šestъ (feminine genitive plural)
šestъ (genitive neuter plural)
šestomъ (dative masculine plural)
šestamъ (dative feminine plural)
šestomъ (dative neuter plural)
šesty (accusative masculine plural)
šesty (accusative feminine plural)
šesta (accusative neuter plural)
šesty (instrumental masculine plural)
šestami (feminine instrumental plural)
šesty (instrumental neuter plural)
šestěxъ (locative masculine plural)
šestaxъ (feminine locative plural)
šestěxъ (locative neuter plural)
šesti (masculine plural vocative)
šesty (feminine plural vocative)
šesta (neuter plural vocative)
šestъjь (masculine nominative singular)
šestaja (feminine nominative singular)
šestoje (neuter nominative singular)
šestajego (genitive masculine singular)
šestyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
šestajego (genitive neuter singular)
šestujemu (dative masculine singular)
šestěji (dative feminine singular)
šestujemu (dative neuter singular)
šestъjь (accusative masculine singular)
šestǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
šestoje (accusative neuter singular)
šestyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
šestǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
šestyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
šestějemь (locative masculine singular)
šestěji (feminine locative singular)
šestějemь (locative neuter singular)
šestъjь (masculine singular vocative)
šestaja (feminine singular vocative)
šestoje (neuter singular vocative)
šestaja (dual masculine nominative)
šestěji (dual feminine nominative)
šestěji (dual neuter nominative)
šestuju (dual genitive masculine)
šestuju (dual feminine genitive)
šestuju (dual genitive neuter)
šestyjima (dative dual masculine)
šestyjima (dative dual feminine)
šestyjima (dative dual neuter)
šestaja (accusative dual masculine)
šestěji (accusative dual feminine)
šestěji (accusative dual neuter)
šestyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
šestyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
šestyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
šestuju (dual locative masculine)
šestuju (dual feminine locative)
šestuju (dual locative neuter)
šestaja (dual masculine vocative)
šestěji (dual feminine vocative)
šestěji (dual neuter vocative)
šestiji (masculine nominative plural)
šestyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
šestaja (neuter nominative plural)
šestъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
šestъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
šestъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
šestyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
šestyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
šestyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
šestyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
šestyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
šestaja (accusative neuter plural)
šestyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
šestyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
šestyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
šestyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
šestyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
šestyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
šestiji (masculine plural vocative)
šestyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
šestaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: шестъ (šestŭ)

desc

Old Ruthenian: шостый (šostyj), шестый (šestyj)

Belarusian: шо́сты (šósty)

Carpathian Rusyn: шестый (šestŷj)

Ukrainian: шо́стий (šóstyj)

Russian: шесто́й (šestój)

Old Novgorodian: шесте (šeste)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: шестъ (šestŭ)

Glagolitic: ⱎⰵⱄⱅⱏ (šestŭ)

Bulgarian: ше́сти (šésti)

Macedonian: шести (šesti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ше̏стӣ

Latin script: šȅstī

Slovene: šẹ́sti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: szósti

Old Czech: šestý
Czech: šestý

desctree

Old Polish: szósty
Polish: szósty
Silesian: szōsty

Polabian: sestĕ

Old Slovak: šiesty

Pannonian Rusyn: шести (šesti)

Slovak: šiesty

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: šesty

Lower Sorbian: šesty

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *seśtas, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sweḱstós (ordinal form of *swéḱs). Cognate with Lithuanian šẽštas (“sixth”) Latvian sȩstais (“sixth”), Old Prussian wuschts, usts, uschts (“sixth”), Sanskrit षष्ठ (ṣaṣṭha, “sixth”), Latin sextus.
Per Derksen, the oldest Proto-Balto-Slavic form may have been *uśtas (perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *wéḱs > PIE *weḱstós) on the strength of the Old Prussian evidence, with *seśtas a later development influenced by *šeš (“six”). otherwise, the Old Prussian forms derives from the loss of initial *s- from Proto-Balto-Slavic.

inh

ordinal form of <i class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">*swéḱs</i>


pazъ

pazъ (nominative singular)
paza (dual nominative)
pazi (nominative plural)
paza (genitive singular)
pazu (dual genitive)
pazъ (genitive plural)
pazu (dative singular)
pazoma (dative dual)
pazomъ (dative plural)
pazъ (accusative singular)
paza (accusative dual)
pazy (accusative plural)
pazъmь (instrumental singular)
pazomь (instrumental singular)
pazoma (dual instrumental)
pazy (instrumental plural)
pazě (locative singular)
pazu (dual locative)
pazěxъ (locative plural)
paze (singular vocative)
paza (dual vocative)
pazi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: пазъ (pazŭ)

Russian: паз (paz)

Ukrainian: паз (paz)

South Slavic:

Slovene: pа̑z; ра̑ž (tonal orthography) (< *pāzi̯os)

West Slavic:

Czech: paz?

Polish: paz?

From Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ-. Cognates include
Ancient Greek πήγνῡμι (pḗgnūmi), πῆγμα (pêgma), πάγος (págos),
Latin pango, pepigi, pactum, compāgēs,
Middle Irish āge (< *pāgio-),
Proto-Germanic *faką (> Old High German fah)

pazduxa

bosom; literally space between the breasts


gręzь

grę̑zь (canonical feminine)
grę̑zь (nominative singular)
grę̑zi (dual nominative)
grę̑zi (nominative plural)
gręzí (genitive singular)
gręzьjù (dual genitive)
gręzь̀jь (genitive plural)
grę̑zi (dative singular)
gręzьmà (dative dual)
grę̑zьmъ (dative plural)
grę̑zь (accusative singular)
grę̑zi (accusative dual)
grę̑zi (accusative plural)
gręzьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
gręzьmà (dual instrumental)
gręzьmì (instrumental plural)
gręzí (locative singular)
gręzьjù (dual locative)
grę̑zьxъ (locative plural)
gręzi (singular vocative)
grę̑zi (dual vocative)
grę̑zi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: грѣзъ (grězŭ), грѧзь (gręzĭ)

Belarusian: гразь (hrazʹ)

Russian: грязь (grjazʹ)

Ukrainian: грязь (hrjazʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: грѧзъ (gręzŭ)

Bulgarian: грез (grez)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гре̑з

Latin script: grȇz

Slovene: grẹ̑z (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: hřez (Jungmann's 18th-century dictionary)


cělъ

cě̑lъ (canonical)
cělъ (masculine nominative singular)
cěla (feminine nominative singular)
cělo (neuter nominative singular)
cěla (genitive masculine singular)
cěly (feminine genitive singular)
cěla (genitive neuter singular)
cělu (dative masculine singular)
cělě (dative feminine singular)
cělu (dative neuter singular)
cělъ (accusative masculine singular)
cělǫ (accusative feminine singular)
cělo (accusative neuter singular)
cělomь (instrumental masculine singular)
cělojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
cělomь (instrumental neuter singular)
cělě (locative masculine singular)
cělě (feminine locative singular)
cělě (locative neuter singular)
cěle (masculine singular vocative)
cělo (feminine singular vocative)
cělo (neuter singular vocative)
cěla (dual masculine nominative)
cělě (dual feminine nominative)
cělě (dual neuter nominative)
cělu (dual genitive masculine)
cělu (dual feminine genitive)
cělu (dual genitive neuter)
cěloma (dative dual masculine)
cělama (dative dual feminine)
cěloma (dative dual neuter)
cěla (accusative dual masculine)
cělě (accusative dual feminine)
cělě (accusative dual neuter)
cěloma (dual instrumental masculine)
cělama (dual feminine instrumental)
cěloma (dual instrumental neuter)
cělu (dual locative masculine)
cělu (dual feminine locative)
cělu (dual locative neuter)
cěla (dual masculine vocative)
cělě (dual feminine vocative)
cělě (dual neuter vocative)
cěli (masculine nominative plural)
cěly (feminine nominative plural)
cěla (neuter nominative plural)
cělъ (genitive masculine plural)
cělъ (feminine genitive plural)
cělъ (genitive neuter plural)
cělomъ (dative masculine plural)
cělamъ (dative feminine plural)
cělomъ (dative neuter plural)
cěly (accusative masculine plural)
cěly (accusative feminine plural)
cěla (accusative neuter plural)
cěly (instrumental masculine plural)
cělami (feminine instrumental plural)
cěly (instrumental neuter plural)
cělěxъ (locative masculine plural)
cělaxъ (feminine locative plural)
cělěxъ (locative neuter plural)
cěli (masculine plural vocative)
cěly (feminine plural vocative)
cěla (neuter plural vocative)
cělъjь (masculine nominative singular)
cělaja (feminine nominative singular)
cěloje (neuter nominative singular)
cělajego (genitive masculine singular)
cělyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
cělajego (genitive neuter singular)
cělujemu (dative masculine singular)
cělěji (dative feminine singular)
cělujemu (dative neuter singular)
cělъjь (accusative masculine singular)
cělǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
cěloje (accusative neuter singular)
cělyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
cělǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
cělyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
cělějemь (locative masculine singular)
cělěji (feminine locative singular)
cělějemь (locative neuter singular)
cělъjь (masculine singular vocative)
cělaja (feminine singular vocative)
cěloje (neuter singular vocative)
cělaja (dual masculine nominative)
cělěji (dual feminine nominative)
cělěji (dual neuter nominative)
cěluju (dual genitive masculine)
cěluju (dual feminine genitive)
cěluju (dual genitive neuter)
cělyjima (dative dual masculine)
cělyjima (dative dual feminine)
cělyjima (dative dual neuter)
cělaja (accusative dual masculine)
cělěji (accusative dual feminine)
cělěji (accusative dual neuter)
cělyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
cělyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
cělyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
cěluju (dual locative masculine)
cěluju (dual feminine locative)
cěluju (dual locative neuter)
cělaja (dual masculine vocative)
cělěji (dual feminine vocative)
cělěji (dual neuter vocative)
cěliji (masculine nominative plural)
cělyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
cělaja (neuter nominative plural)
cělъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
cělъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
cělъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
cělyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
cělyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
cělyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
cělyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
cělyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
cělaja (accusative neuter plural)
cělyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
cělyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
cělyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
cělyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
cělyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
cělyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
cěliji (masculine plural vocative)
cělyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
cělaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: цѣлъ (cělŭ)

Belarusian: цэ́лы (cély)

Russian: це́лый (célyj)

Carpathian Rusyn: цілы́й (cilŷ́j)

Ukrainian: ці́лий (cílyj)

Old Novgorodian: кѣле (kěle)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: цѣлъ (cělŭ)

Bulgarian: цял (cjal)

Macedonian: цел (cel)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: це̏о (dialectal also ци̏о, ци̏јел)

Latin script: cȅo (dialectal also cȉo, cȉjel)

Slovene: cẹ̑ł (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desctree

Old Czech: cělý, cěłý (alternative writing)
Czech: celý

Old Polish: cały
Polish: cały
Silesian: cały

Old Slovak: calý, celý

Pannonian Rusyn: цали (cali)

Slovak: celý

Polabian: ćol

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: całi

Slovincian: caly

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: cyły

Lower Sorbian: ceły

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *káilas, from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂ilos (“healthy, whole”).
Cognate with
Old Prussian kailūstikan (“health”, acc. sg.),
Proto-Germanic *hailaz (> English whole, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐍃 (hails)), and possibly Latin caelum (“sky”).


cěna

cěnà (canonical feminine)
cěnà (nominative singular)
cě̑ně (dual nominative)
cě̑ny (nominative plural)
cěný (genitive singular)
cěnù (dual genitive)
cě̃nъ (genitive plural)
cěně̀ (dative singular)
cěnàma (dative dual)
cěnàmъ (dative plural)
cě̑nǫ (accusative singular)
cě̑ně (accusative dual)
cě̑ny (accusative plural)
cěnojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
cěnàma (dual instrumental)
cěnàmi (instrumental plural)
cě̑ně (locative singular)
cěnù (dual locative)
cěnàsъ (locative plural)
cěnàxъ (locative plural)
cěno (singular vocative)
cě̑ně (dual vocative)
cě̑ny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: цѣна (cěna)

desc

Old Ruthenian: цѣна́ (cěná), цона́ (coná)

Belarusian: цана́ (caná)

Ukrainian: ціна́ (ciná)

Russian: цена́ (cená)

Old Novgorodian: *кѣна (*kěna)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: цѣна (cěna)

Glagolitic script: ⱌⱑⱀⰰ (cěna)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: це́на, цијѐна

Latin script: céna, cijèna

Slovene: cẹ́na (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: cena

Old Czech: cěna
Czech: cena

desctree

Old Polish: cena, cana
Polish: cena
Silesian: cena

Old Slovak: cena
Pannonian Rusyn: цена (cena)
Slovak: cena

Non-Slavic:

→ Latvian: cena

From Early Proto-Slavic *kajnā́˙, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kainā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂.


oči

ȍči du (canonical)
ȍči (dual nominative)
očьjù (dual genitive)
očьmà (dative dual)
ȍči (accusative dual)
očьmà (dual instrumental)
očьjù (dual locative)
ȍči (dual vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: очи du (oči)

desc

Old Ruthenian: о́чи pl (óči), о́чы pl (óčy), во́чи pl (vóči), во́чы pl (vóčy)

Belarusian: во́чы (vóčy); о́чы pl (óčy) (dialectal)

Carpathian Rusyn: о́чі pl (óči), во́чі pl (vóči)

Ukrainian: о́чі pl (óči); о́чи pl (óčy) (dialectal)

Russian: о́чи pl (óči); во́чи pl (vóči) (dialectal)

Old Novgorodian: оци du (oći)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⱁⱍⰻ du (oči)

Old Cyrillic script: очи du (oči)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̏чи pl

Latin script: ȍči pl

Slovene: očȋ pl; аčí pl (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: oči du

Czech: oči du

Old Polish: oczy

Polish: oczy pl

Silesian: ôczy pl

Old Slovak: oči pl

Pannonian Rusyn: очи pl (oči)

Slovak: oči pl

Polabian:

Pomeranian:

Kashubian:

Slovincian:

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: woči du

Upper Sorbian: wócy du

From Early Proto-Slavic *ačī˙, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *akīˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷih₁, dual of *h₃ókʷs (“eye”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὄσσε (ósse), Old Armenian աչք (ačʻkʻ), Kativiri ačé, Albanian sy.

nominative/accusative/vocative dual of *oko (“eye”)

Oleg Trubachyov
ru:Журавлёв, Анатолий Фёдорович


morъ

mȍrъ (canonical masculine)
mȍrъ (nominative singular)
mȍra (dual nominative)
mȍri (nominative plural)
mȍra (genitive singular)
morù (dual genitive)
mòrъ (genitive plural)
mȍru (dative singular)
moromà (dative dual)
moròmъ (dative plural)
mȍrъ (accusative singular)
mȍra (accusative dual)
mȍry (accusative plural)
mȍrъmь (instrumental singular)
mȍromь (instrumental singular)
moromà (dual instrumental)
morý (instrumental plural)
mȍrě (locative singular)
morù (dual locative)
morě̃xъ (locative plural)
more (singular vocative)
mȍra (dual vocative)
mȍri (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *maras, from Proto-Indo-European *mor-o-s, from *mer- (“to die”). Cognate with Lithuanian mãras and Latin mors.


pędь

pę̑dь (canonical feminine)
pę̑dь (nominative singular)
pę̑di (dual nominative)
pę̑di (nominative plural)
pędí (genitive singular)
pędьjù (dual genitive)
pędь̀jь (genitive plural)
pę̑di (dative singular)
pędьmà (dative dual)
pę̑dьmъ (dative plural)
pę̑dь (accusative singular)
pę̑di (accusative dual)
pę̑di (accusative plural)
pędьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
pędьmà (dual instrumental)
pędьmì (instrumental plural)
pędí (locative singular)
pędьjù (dual locative)
pę̑dьxъ (locative plural)
pędi (singular vocative)
pę̑di (dual vocative)
pę̑di (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: пядзя (pjadzja)

Russian: пядь (pjadʹ)

Ukrainian: п'ядь (pʺjadʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: пѧдь (pędĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⱔⰴⱐ (pędĭ)

Bulgarian: педя (pedja), пенда (penda) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пе̑даљ

Latin script: pȇdalj

Slovene: pẹ̑d

West Slavic:

Old Czech: pied

Czech: píď

Moravian (Mistřice): píť

Polish: piędź

Slovak: piaď

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)pénd-i-s, from *(s)pend- (“to stretch”).


pǫditi

pǫďenьje (noun-from-verb)
pǫditi (infinitive)
pǫditъ (supine)
pǫdilъ (l-participle)
pǫďenъ (participle passive past)
pǫdimъ (participle passive present)
pǫďь (active participle past)
pǫdę (active participle present)
pǫdixъ (aorist first-person singular)
pǫdi (aorist second-person singular)
pǫdi (aorist singular third-person)
pǫďǫ (first-person present singular)
pǫdiši (present second-person singular)
pǫditь (present singular third-person)
pǫdixově (aorist dual first-person)
pǫdista (aorist dual second-person)
pǫdiste (aorist dual third-person)
pǫdivě (dual first-person present)
pǫdita (dual present second-person)
pǫdite (dual present third-person)
pǫdixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pǫdiste (aorist plural second-person)
pǫdišę (aorist plural third-person)
pǫdimъ (first-person plural present)
pǫdite (plural present second-person)
pǫdętь (plural present third-person)
pǫďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pǫďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pǫďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pǫdi (imperative second-person singular)
pǫdi (imperative singular third-person)
pǫďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pǫďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pǫďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pǫdivě (dual first-person imperative)
pǫdita (dual imperative second-person)
pǫďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pǫďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pǫďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pǫdimъ (first-person imperative plural)
pǫdite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: пꙋдити (puditi)

Belarusian: пу́дзіць (púdzicʹ)

Russian: пу́дить (púditʹ), пуди́ть (pudítʹ, “to scare, to chase”), пужать, пугать

Ukrainian: пу́дити (púdyty), 1sg. пу́джу (púdžu)

South Slavic:

Middle Bulgarian: пѫдити (pǫditi, “to push, to chase”) (14th century)

Bulgarian: пъ́дя (pǎ́dja)

Macedonian: пади (padi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пу́дити (“to chase”)

Latin script: púditi (“to chase”)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: podíti (“to chase”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. podím (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: pudit (“to induce, to impel”)

Polish: pędzić (“to chase”)

Slovak: pudiť

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pond-éye-ti, causative/iterative from *(s)pend- (“to stretch”). Cognate with Lithuanian spándyti (“to stretch”), German spannen (“to stretch”), Lithuanian spą́stas (“traps”), spę́sti (“to set traps”) (1sg. spéndžiu), Latvian spôsts (“trap, snare”).


xъrvatъ

xъrvatъ (nominative singular)
xъrvata (dual nominative)
xъrvati (nominative plural)
xъrvata (genitive singular)
xъrvatu (dual genitive)
xъrvatъ (genitive plural)
xъrvatu (dative singular)
xъrvatoma (dative dual)
xъrvatomъ (dative plural)
xъrvatъ (accusative singular)
xъrvata (accusative dual)
xъrvaty (accusative plural)
xъrvatъmь (instrumental singular)
xъrvatomь (instrumental singular)
xъrvatoma (dual instrumental)
xъrvaty (instrumental plural)
xъrvatě (locative singular)
xъrvatu (dual locative)
xъrvatěxъ (locative plural)
xъrvate (singular vocative)
xъrvata (dual vocative)
xъrvati (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: хърватъ (xŭrvatŭ)

Belarusian: харва́т (xarvát)

Carpathian Rusyn: Горва́т (Horvát)

Russian: хорва́т (xorvát)

Ukrainian: хорва́т (xorvát)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

desc

хръватинъ (xrŭvatinŭ)

⇒ Church Slavonic: хръватинъ (xrŭvatinŭ)

⇒ Bulgarian: хърва́тин (hǎrvátin), хръва́тин (hrǎvátin)

Macedonian: Хрват (Hrvat)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: Хр̀ва̄т

Latin script: Hr̀vāt

Slovene: hrvȁt (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: Chrvát

Czech: Charvát, Chorvát

Old Polish: charwat

Polish: Chorwat

Old Slovak: Chorvát

Pannonian Rusyn: Горват (Horvat)

Slovak: Chorvát

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: Chorwat

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: horvát

→ Romanian: arvat, croat

→ Latin: Croata

→ English: Croat

→ French: Croate

→ German: Kroate

Uncertain:
* Common theories from the 20th century derive it from an Iranian origin, the root word being a third-century Scytho-Sarmatian form allegedly attested in the Tanais Tablets as Χορούαθος (Khoroúathos), Χοροάθος (Khoroáthos) and Χορόαθος (Khoróathos), probably the name of the ruler of a city in that region, near the mouth of the river Don; this has also been corroborated with names on ancient gravestones in Tanais, which gives some credence to the interpretation as a clan name. A similar name for a tribe of the north Caucasus occurs in the tenth-century De Ceremoniis as Krevatās, Krevatades.
* On the other hand, modern scholars such as Matasović tend to dismiss these as coincidences with respect to the Croatian ethnonym, and consider the identification of the relevant Scytho-Caucasian tribes with Slavs implausible on historical and geographic grounds; nonetheless, an ultimate Iranian origin is regarded as plausible.
See Etymology of Croatia on Wikipedia for a detailed discussion of the various hypotheses.

Name of Croatia#Etymology
Oleg Trubachyov


mečь

mèčь (canonical masculine)
mèčь (nominative singular)
mečà (dual nominative)
mečì (nominative plural)
mečà (genitive singular)
mečù (dual genitive)
mèčь (genitive plural)
mečù (dative singular)
mečèma (dative dual)
mèčemъ (dative plural)
mèčь (accusative singular)
mečà (accusative dual)
mečę̇̀ (accusative plural)
mečь̀mь (instrumental singular)
mečèmь (instrumental singular)
mečèma (dual instrumental)
mèči (instrumental plural)
mečì (locative singular)
mečù (dual locative)
mèčixъ (locative plural)
meču (singular vocative)
mečà (dual vocative)
mečì (plural vocative)
*mь̀čь (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мечь (mečĭ)

Belarusian: меч (mječ)

Russian: меч (meč)

Ukrainian: меч (meč); міч (mič) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мечь (mečĭ)

Glagolitic: ⰿⰵⱍⱐ (mečĭ)

Bulgarian: меч (meč)

Macedonian: меч (meč)

Serbo-Croatian:

Chakavian Serbo-Croatian: meč

Slovene: mȅč (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: meč

Czech: meč

Kashubian: miecz

Old Polish: miecz

Polish: miecz

Slovak: meč

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: mjac

Upper Sorbian: mječ

Unknown. In the past usually believed to be borrowed from Gothic 𐌼𐌴𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃 (mēkeis), from Proto-Germanic *mēkijaz. However, this idea is rejected by modern etymologists e.g. Pronk-Tiethoff, Boryś, ESSJa, because the vowels don't match (*měčь expected). Only Derksen recognizes the possibility of borrowing.
Relation with Georgian მახვილი (maxvili, “sword”), Udi мех (meꭓ, “sickle”), Lezgi мaх (maꭓ, “iron”) was also suggested, but vowels are still problematic. Relation with Tsez мачӏа (mač’a, “sword”) or Middle Persian [script needed] (magēn) is also unlikely.
Per Pronk-Tiethoff and Boryś: borrowing from unknown source. Per Petri Kallio Germanic and Slavic words are Wanderworts.
Per ESSJa: Slavic and Germanic words are borrowed from Celtic, ultimately from Proto-Celtic *mik-n- (“to sparkle, shine”) (cf. Proto-Celtic *mikneti > Old Irish domeiccethar (“to despise”), Welsh dirmygu (“to disdain, scorn, spurn”)), from Proto-Indo-European *meyk- (“to twinkle, blink”).
Other propositions include: back-formation from Proto-Slavic *metati (“to throw”), relation with Latin mactō (“to kill, slaughter”), or with Ancient Greek μᾰ́χη (mắkhē, “battle, combat”), μάχαιρα (mákhaira, “large knife, short sword, dirk, dagger”).


xvojь

xvojь (nominative singular)
xvoja (dual nominative)
xvoji (nominative plural)
xvoja (genitive singular)
xvoju (dual genitive)
xvojь (genitive plural)
xvoju (dative singular)
xvojema (dative dual)
xvojemъ (dative plural)
xvojь (accusative singular)
xvoja (accusative dual)
xvoję̇ (accusative plural)
xvojьmь (instrumental singular)
xvojemь (instrumental singular)
xvojema (dual instrumental)
xvoji (instrumental plural)
xvoji (locative singular)
xvoju (dual locative)
xvojixъ (locative plural)
xvoju (singular vocative)
xvoja (dual vocative)
xvoji (plural vocative)
*xvoja (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *хвои (*xvoi)

хвой m (xvoj, “coniferous forest; brushwood; twigs”) (dialectal, archaic)

West Slavic:

Old Slovak: chvoj

Slovak: chvoj

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *skwajás, from Proto-Indo-European *skwoy-os, from *skwey- (“needle, prickle, thorn”).


kryšь

kryšь (nominative singular)
kryši (dual nominative)
kryši (nominative plural)
kryši (genitive singular)
kryšьju (dual genitive)
kryšьjь (genitive plural)
kryši (dative singular)
kryšьma (dative dual)
kryšьmъ (dative plural)
kryšь (accusative singular)
kryši (accusative dual)
kryši (accusative plural)
kryšьjǫ (instrumental singular)
kryšьma (dual instrumental)
kryšьmi (instrumental plural)
kryši (locative singular)
kryšьju (dual locative)
kryšьxъ (locative plural)
kryši (singular vocative)
kryši (dual vocative)
kryši (plural vocative)

Alternative form of *kryša (“roof, shelter”)


boľь

bȍľь (canonical feminine)
bȍľь (nominative singular)
bȍľi (dual nominative)
bȍľi (nominative plural)
boľí (genitive singular)
boľьjù (dual genitive)
boľь̀jь (genitive plural)
bȍľi (dative singular)
boľьmà (dative dual)
bȍľьmъ (dative plural)
bȍľь (accusative singular)
bȍľi (accusative dual)
bȍľi (accusative plural)
boľьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
boľьmà (dual instrumental)
boľьmì (instrumental plural)
boľí (locative singular)
boľьjù (dual locative)
bȍľьxъ (locative plural)
boľi (singular vocative)
bȍľi (dual vocative)
bȍľi (plural vocative)


peťь

pȅťь (canonical feminine)
pȅťь (nominative singular)
pȅťi (dual nominative)
pȅťi (nominative plural)
peťí (genitive singular)
peťьjù (dual genitive)
peťь̀jь (genitive plural)
pȅťi (dative singular)
peťьmà (dative dual)
pȅťьmъ (dative plural)
pȅťь (accusative singular)
pȅťi (accusative dual)
pȅťi (accusative plural)
peťьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
peťьmà (dual instrumental)
peťьmì (instrumental plural)
peťí (locative singular)
peťьjù (dual locative)
pȅťьxъ (locative plural)
peťi (singular vocative)
pȅťi (dual vocative)
pȅťi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: печь (pečĭ)
Belarusian: печ (pječ)
Russian: печь (pečʹ) (see there for further descendants)
Carpathian Rusyn: піч (pič)
Ukrainian: піч (pič)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: пещ (pešt)

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: пещь (peštĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⰵⱋⱐ (peštĭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пе̑ћ

Latin script: pȇć

Slovene: pẹ̑č (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: pec

Czech: pec

Kashubian: piec

Polabian: pic

Old Polish: piec

Polish: piec m

→ Old Ruthenian: пєцъ m (pjecʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: пец m (pec) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: п'єц m (pʺjec) (dialectal)

Silesian: piyc

Old Slovak: pec

Pannonian Rusyn: пец (pec)

Slovak: pec

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pjac

Upper Sorbian: pěc

→ Proto-Finnic: *päcci

Finnish: pätsi

Karelian: päčči

Venda: päc

From earlier *pektь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *pektis, from Proto-Indo-European *pékʷ-tis, from *pekʷ- (“to cook”). Equivalent to *peťi + *-tь.


divъ

dȋvъ (canonical masculine)
dȋvъ (nominative singular)
dȋva (dual nominative)
dȋvi (nominative plural)
dȋva (genitive singular)
divù (dual genitive)
dĩvъ (genitive plural)
dȋvu (dative singular)
divomà (dative dual)
divòmъ (dative plural)
dȋvъ (accusative singular)
dȋva (accusative dual)
dȋvy (accusative plural)
dȋvъmь (instrumental singular)
dȋvomь (instrumental singular)
divomà (dual instrumental)
divý (instrumental plural)
dȋvě (locative singular)
divù (dual locative)
divě̃xъ (locative plural)
dive (singular vocative)
dȋva (dual vocative)
dȋvi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дивъ (divŭ)

Belarusian: див (div) (dialectal)

→ Lithuanian: dỹvas

Ukrainian: див (dyv) (rare)

Russian: див (div) (archaic or dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: дивъ (divŭ)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: div

Czech: div

Old Polish: dziw

Polish: dziw

Old Slovak: div

Slovak: div

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: dzyw

Slovincian: dzyw

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: źiw

Upper Sorbian: dźiw

* Per Derksen: cognate with Sanskrit धी (dhī, “thought, prayer”), suggesting Proto-Indo-European *dʰeyH-wo-, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeyh₂- (“mind, thought”).
* Per Słownik prasłowiański: deverbal from *diviti, relation with Sanskrit धी is unlikely.

der

that which causes delight; wonder, miracle


divъ

head

*divъ m (feminine *diva, adjective *divьskъ)

diva (feminine)
divьskъ (adjective)
divъ (nominative singular)
diva (dual nominative)
divi (nominative plural)
diva (genitive singular)
divu (dual genitive)
divъ (genitive plural)
divu (dative singular)
divoma (dative dual)
divomъ (dative plural)
divъ (accusative singular)
diva (accusative dual)
divy (accusative plural)
divъmь (instrumental singular)
divomь (instrumental singular)
divoma (dual instrumental)
divy (instrumental plural)
divě (locative singular)
divu (dual locative)
divěxъ (locative plural)
dive (singular vocative)
diva (dual vocative)
divi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дивъ (divŭ)

Ukrainian: див (dyv) (rare)

South Slavic:

>? Bulgarian: див (div)

>? Macedonian: див (div)

>? Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: dȉv

Cyrillic script: ди̏в

West Slavic:

>? Polish: dziw

Unclear. The material is poorly attested:
* South Slavic forms are probably borrowings from Ottoman Turkish دیو (div), adopted into South Slavic folklore during the Ottoman reign;
* Polish dziw is attested since 1845, probably from East Slavic;
Usually believed to be derived from *divъ (“that which causes delight”). Less likely demonized Early Slavic *Divъ (“sky god”) or *divъ (“god”) during Slavic-Iranian contacts. The demonization was to come under Iranian influence, where the old Iranian deities were demonized as a result of the introduction of Zoroastrianism (compare Sanskrit देव (deva, “god”) vs Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀 (daēuua, “demon”)).

some kind of a demon (supernatural being)


divъ

divъ (masculine nominative singular)
diva (feminine nominative singular)
divo (neuter nominative singular)
diva (genitive masculine singular)
divy (feminine genitive singular)
diva (genitive neuter singular)
divu (dative masculine singular)
divě (dative feminine singular)
divu (dative neuter singular)
divъ (accusative masculine singular)
divǫ (accusative feminine singular)
divo (accusative neuter singular)
divomь (instrumental masculine singular)
divojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
divomь (instrumental neuter singular)
divě (locative masculine singular)
divě (feminine locative singular)
divě (locative neuter singular)
dive (masculine singular vocative)
divo (feminine singular vocative)
divo (neuter singular vocative)
diva (dual masculine nominative)
divě (dual feminine nominative)
divě (dual neuter nominative)
divu (dual genitive masculine)
divu (dual feminine genitive)
divu (dual genitive neuter)
divoma (dative dual masculine)
divama (dative dual feminine)
divoma (dative dual neuter)
diva (accusative dual masculine)
divě (accusative dual feminine)
divě (accusative dual neuter)
divoma (dual instrumental masculine)
divama (dual feminine instrumental)
divoma (dual instrumental neuter)
divu (dual locative masculine)
divu (dual feminine locative)
divu (dual locative neuter)
diva (dual masculine vocative)
divě (dual feminine vocative)
divě (dual neuter vocative)
divi (masculine nominative plural)
divy (feminine nominative plural)
diva (neuter nominative plural)
divъ (genitive masculine plural)
divъ (feminine genitive plural)
divъ (genitive neuter plural)
divomъ (dative masculine plural)
divamъ (dative feminine plural)
divomъ (dative neuter plural)
divy (accusative masculine plural)
divy (accusative feminine plural)
diva (accusative neuter plural)
divy (instrumental masculine plural)
divami (feminine instrumental plural)
divy (instrumental neuter plural)
divěxъ (locative masculine plural)
divaxъ (feminine locative plural)
divěxъ (locative neuter plural)
divi (masculine plural vocative)
divy (feminine plural vocative)
diva (neuter plural vocative)
divъjь (masculine nominative singular)
divaja (feminine nominative singular)
divoje (neuter nominative singular)
divajego (genitive masculine singular)
divyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
divajego (genitive neuter singular)
divujemu (dative masculine singular)
divěji (dative feminine singular)
divujemu (dative neuter singular)
divъjь (accusative masculine singular)
divǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
divoje (accusative neuter singular)
divyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
divǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
divyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
divějemь (locative masculine singular)
divěji (feminine locative singular)
divějemь (locative neuter singular)
divъjь (masculine singular vocative)
divaja (feminine singular vocative)
divoje (neuter singular vocative)
divaja (dual masculine nominative)
divěji (dual feminine nominative)
divěji (dual neuter nominative)
divuju (dual genitive masculine)
divuju (dual feminine genitive)
divuju (dual genitive neuter)
divyjima (dative dual masculine)
divyjima (dative dual feminine)
divyjima (dative dual neuter)
divaja (accusative dual masculine)
divěji (accusative dual feminine)
divěji (accusative dual neuter)
divyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
divyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
divyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
divuju (dual locative masculine)
divuju (dual feminine locative)
divuju (dual locative neuter)
divaja (dual masculine vocative)
divěji (dual feminine vocative)
divěji (dual neuter vocative)
diviji (masculine nominative plural)
divyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
divaja (neuter nominative plural)
divъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
divъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
divъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
divyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
divyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
divyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
divyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
divyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
divaja (accusative neuter plural)
divyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
divyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
divyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
divyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
divyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
divyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
diviji (masculine plural vocative)
divyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
divaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

⇒ Old East Slavic: дивии (divii)

Belarusian: дзивый (dzivyj) (dialectal)

Russian: ди́вый (dívyj) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

desc

⇒ Bulgarian: див огън (div ogǎn, “fire”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: див

Latin script: div

⇒ Slovene: dívji

⇒ Slovene: dívji mož (“faun, satyr”), dívji ogenj (“fire”)

West Slavic:

Czech: divý

⇒ Czech: divý muž m (“faun”), divá žena f (“rusalka”), divoženka f (“rusalka”)

Polish: dziwy (rare)

⇒ Slovak: divý muž m (“mythical creature”), divá žienka f (“mythical creature”)

From Proto-Indo-European *dyew- (“to be bright”) + *-ъ.


divъ

East Slavic:

Old Ruthenian: дивый (divyj)

Ukrainian: (dialectal) ди́вий (dývyj)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: див (div)

Macedonian: див (div)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: (dialectal) ди̏в, ди̂в

Latin script: (dialectal) dȉv, dîv

West Slavic:

Czech: divý

Polabian: dai̯vĕ

Polish: dziwy (obsolete)

Silesian: dziwy

desctree

Old Slovak: divý
Pannonian Rusyn: дзиви (dzivi)
Slovak: divý

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: dzëwi

Slovincian: dzëwy

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: źiwy

Upper Sorbian: dźiwy (dialectal)

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *deiwas (“wild”). By surface analysis, Proto-Indo-European *dʰi- + *-vъ. Cognate Latvian dievs (“wild”).
It was also suggested that the lemma derives from Early Slavic *Divъ (“sky god”) or *divъ (“god”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *deiwás (“god”). According to that theory, Proto-Slavic *divъ zvě̑rь (“wild animal”), Latvian dieva zuosis (“wild geese”), dieva vērši (“wild oxen”) etc., are similar to Hittite [script needed] (šiunaš ḫuitar, “wild animals, literally, godly animals”) from 𒅆𒍑 (ši-uš, “god”).

cog

*divъ zvě̑rь

*divъ veprь

*diva svinьja

*diva koza

*divъ golǫbь

*diva gǫ̑sь

*diva bьčela

*divo zelьje

*divъ mȅdъ

empty, unpopulated, uncultivated (about land)

(figuratively) savage, fierce, unrestrained, outrageous, barbarous (about people or behaviour)


divъ

West Slavic:

Czech: div

Polish: dziw

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: źiw

Upper Sorbian: dźiw

Onomatopoeic. Secondarily associated with *diviti. Compare similar Bulgarian джив-джив (dživ-dživ), Macedonian џив-џив (dživ-dživ).

(West Slavic) tweet, chirp (sound of a sparrow)


divъ

Expected reflex of Proto-Balto-Slavic *deiwás (“god”), from Proto-Indo-European *deywós. Displaced by *bȍgъ during Slavic-Iranian contacts (see there for further information).


smědъ

smědъ (masculine nominative singular)
směda (feminine nominative singular)
smědo (neuter nominative singular)
směda (genitive masculine singular)
smědy (feminine genitive singular)
směda (genitive neuter singular)
smědu (dative masculine singular)
smědě (dative feminine singular)
smědu (dative neuter singular)
smědъ (accusative masculine singular)
smědǫ (accusative feminine singular)
smědo (accusative neuter singular)
smědomь (instrumental masculine singular)
smědojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
smědomь (instrumental neuter singular)
smědě (locative masculine singular)
smědě (feminine locative singular)
smědě (locative neuter singular)
směde (masculine singular vocative)
smědo (feminine singular vocative)
smědo (neuter singular vocative)
směda (dual masculine nominative)
smědě (dual feminine nominative)
smědě (dual neuter nominative)
smědu (dual genitive masculine)
smědu (dual feminine genitive)
smědu (dual genitive neuter)
smědoma (dative dual masculine)
smědama (dative dual feminine)
smědoma (dative dual neuter)
směda (accusative dual masculine)
smědě (accusative dual feminine)
smědě (accusative dual neuter)
smědoma (dual instrumental masculine)
smědama (dual feminine instrumental)
smědoma (dual instrumental neuter)
smědu (dual locative masculine)
smědu (dual feminine locative)
smědu (dual locative neuter)
směda (dual masculine vocative)
smědě (dual feminine vocative)
smědě (dual neuter vocative)
smědi (masculine nominative plural)
smědy (feminine nominative plural)
směda (neuter nominative plural)
smědъ (genitive masculine plural)
smědъ (feminine genitive plural)
smědъ (genitive neuter plural)
smědomъ (dative masculine plural)
smědamъ (dative feminine plural)
smědomъ (dative neuter plural)
smědy (accusative masculine plural)
smědy (accusative feminine plural)
směda (accusative neuter plural)
smědy (instrumental masculine plural)
smědami (feminine instrumental plural)
smědy (instrumental neuter plural)
směděxъ (locative masculine plural)
smědaxъ (feminine locative plural)
směděxъ (locative neuter plural)
smědi (masculine plural vocative)
smědy (feminine plural vocative)
směda (neuter plural vocative)
smědъjь (masculine nominative singular)
smědaja (feminine nominative singular)
smědoje (neuter nominative singular)
smědajego (genitive masculine singular)
smědyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
smědajego (genitive neuter singular)
smědujemu (dative masculine singular)
směději (dative feminine singular)
smědujemu (dative neuter singular)
smědъjь (accusative masculine singular)
smědǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
smědoje (accusative neuter singular)
smědyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
smědǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
smědyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
smědějemь (locative masculine singular)
směději (feminine locative singular)
smědějemь (locative neuter singular)
smědъjь (masculine singular vocative)
smědaja (feminine singular vocative)
smědoje (neuter singular vocative)
smědaja (dual masculine nominative)
směději (dual feminine nominative)
směději (dual neuter nominative)
směduju (dual genitive masculine)
směduju (dual feminine genitive)
směduju (dual genitive neuter)
smědyjima (dative dual masculine)
smědyjima (dative dual feminine)
smědyjima (dative dual neuter)
smědaja (accusative dual masculine)
směději (accusative dual feminine)
směději (accusative dual neuter)
smědyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
smědyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
smědyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
směduju (dual locative masculine)
směduju (dual feminine locative)
směduju (dual locative neuter)
smědaja (dual masculine vocative)
směději (dual feminine vocative)
směději (dual neuter vocative)
smědiji (masculine nominative plural)
smědyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
smědaja (neuter nominative plural)
smědъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
smědъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
smědъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
smědyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
smědyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
smědyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
smědyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
smědyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
smědaja (accusative neuter plural)
smědyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
smědyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
smědyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
smědyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
smědyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
smědyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
smědiji (masculine plural vocative)
smědyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
smědaja (neuter plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: смѣдъ (smědŭ)

Bulgarian: смя́дов (smjádov) (obsolete)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сме̏ђ

Latin script: smȅđ

Slovene: smẹ̑d (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: smědý

desc

Czech: smědý (earlier), snědý (“swarthy”)

Old Polish: śmiady, śniady

Polish: śmiady (earlier), śniady

Slovak: snedý

Suggested to be related with *mědь (“copper”), hence the Serbo-Croatian palatalized coda, or compare *rudъ (“red”) and *ryďь (“red”) for the variation; see also Proto-Germanic *smītaną (“to strike, smear”).


drъvo

drъ̏vo (canonical neuter)
drъ̏vo (nominative singular)
drъ̏vě (dual nominative)
drъvà (nominative plural)
drъ̏va (genitive singular)
drъvù (dual genitive)
drъ̀vъ (genitive plural)
drъ̏vu (dative singular)
drъvomà (dative dual)
drъvòmъ (dative plural)
drъ̏vo (accusative singular)
drъ̏vě (accusative dual)
drъvà (accusative plural)
drъ̏vъmь (instrumental singular)
drъ̏vomь (instrumental singular)
drъvomà (dual instrumental)
drъvý (instrumental plural)
drъ̏vě (locative singular)
drъvù (dual locative)
drъvě̃xъ (locative plural)
drъvo (singular vocative)
drъ̏vě (dual vocative)
drъvà (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: дърво́ (dǎrvó); дръ́во (drǎ́vo) (dialectal)

Macedonian: дрво (drvo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: др̏во; дарво̏ (dialectal)

Latin script: dȑvo; darvȍ (dialectal)

Slovene: dŕvo

West Slavic:

Czech: drvo (dialectal)

Slovak: drvo

Polish: drwo

0-grade doublet of Proto-Slavic *dervo, from Proto-Indo-European *dr̥w-ó-m, from *dóru (“wood”). In some daughter languages, attested only as pl. tantum *drъva pl (see there for further descendants).


běžati

běžàti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
běžanьje (noun-from-verb)
běžati (infinitive)
běžatъ (supine)
běžalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
běžanъ (participle passive past)
běžimъ (participle passive present)
běžavъ (active participle past)
běžę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
běžaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
běža (aorist second-person singular)
běža (aorist singular third-person)
běžǫ (first-person present singular)
běžiši (present second-person singular)
běžitь (present singular third-person)
běžaxově (aorist dual first-person)
běžasta (aorist dual second-person)
běžaste (aorist dual third-person)
běživě (dual first-person present)
běžita (dual present second-person)
běžite (dual present third-person)
běžaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
běžaste (aorist plural second-person)
běžašę (aorist plural third-person)
běžimъ (first-person plural present)
běžite (plural present second-person)
běžętь (plural present third-person)
běžaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
běžaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
běžaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
běži (imperative second-person singular)
běži (imperative singular third-person)
běžaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
běžaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
běžaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
běživě (dual first-person imperative)
běžita (dual imperative second-person)
běžaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
běžaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
běžaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
běžimъ (first-person imperative plural)
běžite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: бежа́ть (bežátʹ)

Old Novgorodian: бѣжати (běžati)

Carpathian Rusyn: бігти (bihty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: бѣжати (běžati)

Glagolitic: ⰱⱑⰶⰰⱅⰹ (běžati)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бјѐжати, бѐжати

Latin script: bjèžati, bèžati

Chakavian: bižȁti, bežāt

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: bẹ́žati, bežáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: běžet

Kashubian: bieżec

Polabian: bezăt

Polish: bieżeć (archaic)

Slovak: bežať

Slovincian: bjêżec

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: băjenie

>? Proto-Finnic: *pästäk

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *bēˀgjā́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰégʷ-y-eh₂-ti (innovative denominative present), from *bʰegʷ- (“to flee, run”).