dzělъ

dzělъ (masculine nominative singular)
dzěla (feminine nominative singular)
dzělo (neuter nominative singular)
dzěla (genitive masculine singular)
dzěly (feminine genitive singular)
dzěla (genitive neuter singular)
dzělu (dative masculine singular)
dzělě (dative feminine singular)
dzělu (dative neuter singular)
dzělъ (accusative masculine singular)
dzělǫ (accusative feminine singular)
dzělo (accusative neuter singular)
dzělomь (instrumental masculine singular)
dzělojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
dzělomь (instrumental neuter singular)
dzělě (locative masculine singular)
dzělě (feminine locative singular)
dzělě (locative neuter singular)
dzěle (masculine singular vocative)
dzělo (feminine singular vocative)
dzělo (neuter singular vocative)
dzěla (dual masculine nominative)
dzělě (dual feminine nominative)
dzělě (dual neuter nominative)
dzělu (dual genitive masculine)
dzělu (dual feminine genitive)
dzělu (dual genitive neuter)
dzěloma (dative dual masculine)
dzělama (dative dual feminine)
dzěloma (dative dual neuter)
dzěla (accusative dual masculine)
dzělě (accusative dual feminine)
dzělě (accusative dual neuter)
dzěloma (dual instrumental masculine)
dzělama (dual feminine instrumental)
dzěloma (dual instrumental neuter)
dzělu (dual locative masculine)
dzělu (dual feminine locative)
dzělu (dual locative neuter)
dzěla (dual masculine vocative)
dzělě (dual feminine vocative)
dzělě (dual neuter vocative)
dzěli (masculine nominative plural)
dzěly (feminine nominative plural)
dzěla (neuter nominative plural)
dzělъ (genitive masculine plural)
dzělъ (feminine genitive plural)
dzělъ (genitive neuter plural)
dzělomъ (dative masculine plural)
dzělamъ (dative feminine plural)
dzělomъ (dative neuter plural)
dzěly (accusative masculine plural)
dzěly (accusative feminine plural)
dzěla (accusative neuter plural)
dzěly (instrumental masculine plural)
dzělami (feminine instrumental plural)
dzěly (instrumental neuter plural)
dzělěxъ (locative masculine plural)
dzělaxъ (feminine locative plural)
dzělěxъ (locative neuter plural)
dzěli (masculine plural vocative)
dzěly (feminine plural vocative)
dzěla (neuter plural vocative)
dzělъjь (masculine nominative singular)
dzělaja (feminine nominative singular)
dzěloje (neuter nominative singular)
dzělajego (genitive masculine singular)
dzělyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
dzělajego (genitive neuter singular)
dzělujemu (dative masculine singular)
dzělěji (dative feminine singular)
dzělujemu (dative neuter singular)
dzělъjь (accusative masculine singular)
dzělǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
dzěloje (accusative neuter singular)
dzělyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
dzělǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
dzělyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
dzělějemь (locative masculine singular)
dzělěji (feminine locative singular)
dzělějemь (locative neuter singular)
dzělъjь (masculine singular vocative)
dzělaja (feminine singular vocative)
dzěloje (neuter singular vocative)
dzělaja (dual masculine nominative)
dzělěji (dual feminine nominative)
dzělěji (dual neuter nominative)
dzěluju (dual genitive masculine)
dzěluju (dual feminine genitive)
dzěluju (dual genitive neuter)
dzělyjima (dative dual masculine)
dzělyjima (dative dual feminine)
dzělyjima (dative dual neuter)
dzělaja (accusative dual masculine)
dzělěji (accusative dual feminine)
dzělěji (accusative dual neuter)
dzělyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
dzělyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
dzělyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
dzěluju (dual locative masculine)
dzěluju (dual feminine locative)
dzěluju (dual locative neuter)
dzělaja (dual masculine vocative)
dzělěji (dual feminine vocative)
dzělěji (dual neuter vocative)
dzěliji (masculine nominative plural)
dzělyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
dzělaja (neuter nominative plural)
dzělъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
dzělъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
dzělъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
dzělyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
dzělyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
dzělyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
dzělyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
dzělyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
dzělaja (accusative neuter plural)
dzělyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
dzělyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
dzělyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
dzělyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
dzělyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
dzělyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
dzěliji (masculine plural vocative)
dzělyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
dzělaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: зѣлъ (zělŭ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: ѕѣлъ (dzělŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰷⱑⰾⱏ (dzělŭ)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gailas, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰoylos.


bystrъ

bỳstrъ (canonical)
bystrъ (masculine nominative singular)
bystra (feminine nominative singular)
bystro (neuter nominative singular)
bystra (genitive masculine singular)
bystry (feminine genitive singular)
bystra (genitive neuter singular)
bystru (dative masculine singular)
bystrě (dative feminine singular)
bystru (dative neuter singular)
bystrъ (accusative masculine singular)
bystrǫ (accusative feminine singular)
bystro (accusative neuter singular)
bystromь (instrumental masculine singular)
bystrojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
bystromь (instrumental neuter singular)
bystrě (locative masculine singular)
bystrě (feminine locative singular)
bystrě (locative neuter singular)
bystre (masculine singular vocative)
bystro (feminine singular vocative)
bystro (neuter singular vocative)
bystra (dual masculine nominative)
bystrě (dual feminine nominative)
bystrě (dual neuter nominative)
bystru (dual genitive masculine)
bystru (dual feminine genitive)
bystru (dual genitive neuter)
bystroma (dative dual masculine)
bystrama (dative dual feminine)
bystroma (dative dual neuter)
bystra (accusative dual masculine)
bystrě (accusative dual feminine)
bystrě (accusative dual neuter)
bystroma (dual instrumental masculine)
bystrama (dual feminine instrumental)
bystroma (dual instrumental neuter)
bystru (dual locative masculine)
bystru (dual feminine locative)
bystru (dual locative neuter)
bystra (dual masculine vocative)
bystrě (dual feminine vocative)
bystrě (dual neuter vocative)
bystri (masculine nominative plural)
bystry (feminine nominative plural)
bystra (neuter nominative plural)
bystrъ (genitive masculine plural)
bystrъ (feminine genitive plural)
bystrъ (genitive neuter plural)
bystromъ (dative masculine plural)
bystramъ (dative feminine plural)
bystromъ (dative neuter plural)
bystry (accusative masculine plural)
bystry (accusative feminine plural)
bystra (accusative neuter plural)
bystry (instrumental masculine plural)
bystrami (feminine instrumental plural)
bystry (instrumental neuter plural)
bystrěxъ (locative masculine plural)
bystraxъ (feminine locative plural)
bystrěxъ (locative neuter plural)
bystri (masculine plural vocative)
bystry (feminine plural vocative)
bystra (neuter plural vocative)
bystrъjь (masculine nominative singular)
bystraja (feminine nominative singular)
bystroje (neuter nominative singular)
bystrajego (genitive masculine singular)
bystryję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
bystrajego (genitive neuter singular)
bystrujemu (dative masculine singular)
bystrěji (dative feminine singular)
bystrujemu (dative neuter singular)
bystrъjь (accusative masculine singular)
bystrǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
bystroje (accusative neuter singular)
bystryjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
bystrǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
bystryjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
bystrějemь (locative masculine singular)
bystrěji (feminine locative singular)
bystrějemь (locative neuter singular)
bystrъjь (masculine singular vocative)
bystraja (feminine singular vocative)
bystroje (neuter singular vocative)
bystraja (dual masculine nominative)
bystrěji (dual feminine nominative)
bystrěji (dual neuter nominative)
bystruju (dual genitive masculine)
bystruju (dual feminine genitive)
bystruju (dual genitive neuter)
bystryjima (dative dual masculine)
bystryjima (dative dual feminine)
bystryjima (dative dual neuter)
bystraja (accusative dual masculine)
bystrěji (accusative dual feminine)
bystrěji (accusative dual neuter)
bystryjima (dual instrumental masculine)
bystryjima (dual feminine instrumental)
bystryjima (dual instrumental neuter)
bystruju (dual locative masculine)
bystruju (dual feminine locative)
bystruju (dual locative neuter)
bystraja (dual masculine vocative)
bystrěji (dual feminine vocative)
bystrěji (dual neuter vocative)
bystriji (masculine nominative plural)
bystryję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
bystraja (neuter nominative plural)
bystrъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
bystrъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
bystrъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
bystryjimъ (dative masculine plural)
bystryjimъ (dative feminine plural)
bystryjimъ (dative neuter plural)
bystryję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
bystryję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
bystraja (accusative neuter plural)
bystryjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
bystryjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
bystryjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
bystryjixъ (locative masculine plural)
bystryjixъ (feminine locative plural)
bystryjixъ (locative neuter plural)
bystriji (masculine plural vocative)
bystryję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
bystraja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: бꙑстръ (bystrŭ)

Old Ruthenian: бы́стрый (býstryj)

Belarusian: бы́стры (býstry)

Carpathian Rusyn: бы́стрый (bŷ́strŷj)

Ukrainian: би́стрий (býstryj); бі́стри (bístry) (dialectal)

Russian: бы́стрый (býstryj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: бꙑстръ (bystrŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰱⱏⰹⱄⱅⱃⱏ (bystrŭ)

Bulgarian: би́стър (bístǎr)

Macedonian: бистар (bistar)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: би̏стар

Latin script: bȉstar

Slovene: bíster (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: bystrý

Czech: bystrý

desctree

Old Polish: bystry
Polish: bystry
Silesian: bystry

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: bëstri

Old Slovak: bystrý

Pannonian Rusyn: бистри (bistri)

Slovak: bystrý

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: bytšy

Upper Sorbian: bystry

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: bistër

Berneker derives from Proto-Indo-European *bʰūs-ro- and connects with a group of Germanic words with a basic meaning of “blasting forth, sallying forth” — Old Norse bysia (“stream out with big power”), dialectal Norwegian bøysa (“storm forth”), buse (“barge, rush”), Swedish busa (“be up to mischief, make trouble”), East Frisian German Low German būsen (“be violent, roar, make a noise, attack”), būsterig (“stormy”). He explains the initial meaning of the Slavic as “penetrating, transparent”, which then took on different nuances in the daughter languages.
Ačaṙean adduces also Old Armenian ըմ-բոստ (əm-bost, “rebellious, stubborn”) as a cognate and on its basis reconstructs the meaning of the Proto-Indo-European root as “to sally forth, barge, hurtle out”.


ęti

ętì (canonical)
b (accent-paradigm)
ętьje (noun-from-verb)
ęti (infinitive)
ętъ (supine)
ęlъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
ętъ (participle passive past)
jьmomъ (participle passive present)
jьmъ (active participle past)
jьmy (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
ęsъ (aorist first-person singular)
ę(tъ) (aorist second-person singular)
ę(tъ) (aorist singular third-person)
jьmǫ (first-person present singular)
jьmeši (present second-person singular)
jьmetь (present singular third-person)
ęsově (aorist dual first-person)
ęsta (aorist dual second-person)
ęste (aorist dual third-person)
jьmevě (dual first-person present)
jьmeta (dual present second-person)
jьmete (dual present third-person)
ęsomъ (aorist first-person plural)
ęste (aorist plural second-person)
ęsę (aorist plural third-person)
jьmemъ (first-person plural present)
jьmete (plural present second-person)
jьmǫtь (plural present third-person)
jьměaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
jьměaše (imperfect second-person singular)
jьměaše (imperfect singular third-person)
jьmi (imperative second-person singular)
jьmi (imperative singular third-person)
jьměaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
jьměašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
jьměašete (dual imperfect third-person)
jьměvě (dual first-person imperative)
jьměta (dual imperative second-person)
jьměaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
jьměašete (imperfect plural second-person)
jьměaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
jьměmъ (first-person imperative plural)
jьměte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: ѩти (jęti), ѧти (jęti); ⇒ -нѧти (-nęti)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: ѧти (jati); ⇒ -нѧти (-njati), нѧти (njati); инѧти (injati)

Belarusian: -ня́ць (-njácʹ)

desc

Ukrainian: -я́ти (-játy), -ня́ти (-njáty), йня́ти (jnjáty)

Russian: ять (jatʹ) (dialectal); ⇒ -ня́ть (-njátʹ)

Old Novgorodian: ѩти (jęti), ѧти (jęti); ⇒ -нѧти (-nęti)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⱗⱅⰻ (jęti), ⱔⱅⰻ (ęti)

Old Cyrillic script: ѩти (jęti), ѧти (ęti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: је́ти

Latin script: jéti

Slovene: jẹ́ti (tonal orthography) (archaic)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jieti

Czech: jmout (dated)

Old Polish: jąć

Polish: jąć (archaic)

Silesian: jōńć

Kashubian: jąc, jic

Polabian: jėmĕ (3sg.)

Slovak: jať

From Early Proto-Slavic *íntēj, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ímtei (“to take”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁m̥-é-ti, from *h₁em- (“to take”).


lixъ

lȋxъ (canonical)
lixъ (masculine nominative singular)
lixa (feminine nominative singular)
lixo (neuter nominative singular)
lixa (genitive masculine singular)
lixy (feminine genitive singular)
lixa (genitive neuter singular)
lixu (dative masculine singular)
liśě (dative feminine singular)
lixu (dative neuter singular)
lixъ (accusative masculine singular)
lixǫ (accusative feminine singular)
lixo (accusative neuter singular)
lixomь (instrumental masculine singular)
lixojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
lixomь (instrumental neuter singular)
liśě (locative masculine singular)
liśě (feminine locative singular)
liśě (locative neuter singular)
liše (masculine singular vocative)
lixo (feminine singular vocative)
lixo (neuter singular vocative)
lixa (dual masculine nominative)
liśě (dual feminine nominative)
liśě (dual neuter nominative)
lixu (dual genitive masculine)
lixu (dual feminine genitive)
lixu (dual genitive neuter)
lixoma (dative dual masculine)
lixama (dative dual feminine)
lixoma (dative dual neuter)
lixa (accusative dual masculine)
liśě (accusative dual feminine)
liśě (accusative dual neuter)
lixoma (dual instrumental masculine)
lixama (dual feminine instrumental)
lixoma (dual instrumental neuter)
lixu (dual locative masculine)
lixu (dual feminine locative)
lixu (dual locative neuter)
lixa (dual masculine vocative)
liśě (dual feminine vocative)
liśě (dual neuter vocative)
liśi (masculine nominative plural)
lixy (feminine nominative plural)
lixa (neuter nominative plural)
lixъ (genitive masculine plural)
lixъ (feminine genitive plural)
lixъ (genitive neuter plural)
lixomъ (dative masculine plural)
lixamъ (dative feminine plural)
lixomъ (dative neuter plural)
lixy (accusative masculine plural)
lixy (accusative feminine plural)
lixa (accusative neuter plural)
lixy (instrumental masculine plural)
lixami (feminine instrumental plural)
lixy (instrumental neuter plural)
liśěxъ (locative masculine plural)
lixaxъ (feminine locative plural)
liśěxъ (locative neuter plural)
liśi (masculine plural vocative)
lixy (feminine plural vocative)
lixa (neuter plural vocative)
lixъjь (masculine nominative singular)
lixaja (feminine nominative singular)
lixoje (neuter nominative singular)
lixajego (genitive masculine singular)
lixyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
lixajego (genitive neuter singular)
lixujemu (dative masculine singular)
liśěji (dative feminine singular)
lixujemu (dative neuter singular)
lixъjь (accusative masculine singular)
lixǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
lixoje (accusative neuter singular)
lixyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
lixǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
lixyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
liśějemь (locative masculine singular)
liśěji (feminine locative singular)
liśějemь (locative neuter singular)
lixъjь (masculine singular vocative)
lixaja (feminine singular vocative)
lixoje (neuter singular vocative)
lixaja (dual masculine nominative)
liśěji (dual feminine nominative)
liśěji (dual neuter nominative)
lixuju (dual genitive masculine)
lixuju (dual feminine genitive)
lixuju (dual genitive neuter)
lixyjima (dative dual masculine)
lixyjima (dative dual feminine)
lixyjima (dative dual neuter)
lixaja (accusative dual masculine)
liśěji (accusative dual feminine)
liśěji (accusative dual neuter)
lixyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
lixyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
lixyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
lixuju (dual locative masculine)
lixuju (dual feminine locative)
lixuju (dual locative neuter)
lixaja (dual masculine vocative)
liśěji (dual feminine vocative)
liśěji (dual neuter vocative)
liśiji (masculine nominative plural)
lixyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
lixaja (neuter nominative plural)
lixъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
lixъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
lixъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
lixyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
lixyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
lixyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
lixyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
lixyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
lixaja (accusative neuter plural)
lixyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
lixyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
lixyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
lixyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
lixyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
lixyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
liśiji (masculine plural vocative)
lixyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
lixaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: лихъ (lixŭ)

Belarusian: ліхі́ (lixí)

Russian: лихо́й (lixój)

Ukrainian: лихи́й (lyxýj)

Old Novgorodian: лихе (lixe)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: лихъ (lixŭ)

Bulgarian: лих (lih) (dialectal, archaic)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ли̏х, ли̑х

Latin: lȉh, lȋh

Slovene: lȋh

West Slavic:

Old Czech: lichý

Czech: lichý

desctree

Old Polish: lichy
Polish: lichy
Silesian: lichy

Slovak: lichý

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: lëchi

Slovincian: lëchy

remaining, unnecessary, superfluous, bad


lipiga

lipiga (nominative singular)
lipidzě (dual nominative)
lipigy (nominative plural)
lipigy (genitive singular)
lipigu (dual genitive)
lipigъ (genitive plural)
lipidzě (dative singular)
lipigama (dative dual)
lipigamъ (dative plural)
lipigǫ (accusative singular)
lipidzě (accusative dual)
lipigy (accusative plural)
lipigojǫ (instrumental singular)
lipigǫ (instrumental singular)
lipigama (dual instrumental)
lipigami (instrumental plural)
lipidzě (locative singular)
lipigu (dual locative)
lipigasъ (locative plural)
lipigaxъ (locative plural)
lipigo (singular vocative)
lipidzě (dual vocative)
lipigy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: Липига (Lipiga) (place name)


ovьsiga

ovьsiga (nominative singular)
ovьsidzě (dual nominative)
ovьsigy (nominative plural)
ovьsigy (genitive singular)
ovьsigu (dual genitive)
ovьsigъ (genitive plural)
ovьsidzě (dative singular)
ovьsigama (dative dual)
ovьsigamъ (dative plural)
ovьsigǫ (accusative singular)
ovьsidzě (accusative dual)
ovьsigy (accusative plural)
ovьsigojǫ (instrumental singular)
ovьsigǫ (instrumental singular)
ovьsigama (dual instrumental)
ovьsigami (instrumental plural)
ovьsidzě (locative singular)
ovьsigu (dual locative)
ovьsigasъ (locative plural)
ovьsigaxъ (locative plural)
ovьsigo (singular vocative)
ovьsidzě (dual vocative)
ovьsigy (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: овсига (ovsiga)


-kъ

-kъ (nominative singular)
-ka (dual nominative)
-ci (nominative plural)
-ka (genitive singular)
-ku (dual genitive)
-kъ (genitive plural)
-ku (dative singular)
-koma (dative dual)
-komъ (dative plural)
-kъ (accusative singular)
-ka (accusative dual)
-ky (accusative plural)
-kъmь (instrumental singular)
-komь (instrumental singular)
-koma (dual instrumental)
-ky (instrumental plural)
-cě (locative singular)
-ku (dual locative)
-cěxъ (locative plural)
-če (singular vocative)
-ka (dual vocative)
-ci (plural vocative)

Nominal suffix. From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-kas, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos.

porkъ (“sling”) ← *perti (“to propel, to strike”)

borkъ (“marriage”) ← *bьrati (“to pick, to collect”)

dorkъ (“scuffle; thornbush”) ← *dьrati (“to tear”)

znakъ (“sign, symbol”) ← *znati (“to know”)

zorkъ (“phantasm”) ← *zьrěti (“to watch, to observe”)

mǫka (“grief, hardship, torture”) ← archaic *mьňati (“to belittle, to grind”) (compare the l-extension *mělь (“finely ground”))

Deverbal, forms token nouns (usually with o-grade)

zvǫkъ (“sound”) ← *zvьněti (“to ring”)

pukъ (“pop”) ← *puxati (“to blow, to puff”)

vykъ (“shout”) ← *vyti (“to howl”) ← *vъjь!

krikъ (“cry, squeak”) ← *kričati (“to squeak”) ← *kri-kri!

čikъ-čirikъ (“chirp-chirp”) ← *čikъ-čirikati (“to tweet”) ← *či-či!

From expressive or onomatopoetic interjections or verbs, forms onomatopoetic action nouns referring to the respective interjection or verb

From verbs in a-theme declension or adjectives, forming agent nouns. Equivalent to *-akъ (see there for examples)

kъlykъ (“fang, tusk”) ← *kluti (“to peck”) ← *kolti (“to wreck, to slaugher, to stab”)

ęzykъ (“tongue, language”) ← Proto-Balto-Slavic *inźūˀ

From archaic ū-stem nouns, forms instruments or representations of the referred concept

(Extension) From archaic i-stem nouns or adjectives. Equivalent to *-ьcь (see there for examples)

(Extension) From archaic ŭ-stem nouns. Equivalent to *-ъkъ (see there for examples)

ęčьmykъ (“barley”) ← *ęčьmy (“barley”)

kamykъ (“stone”) ← *kamy (“stone, rock”)

kremykъ (“flint”) ← *kremy (“flint”)

polmykъ (“flame”) ← *polmy (“flame”)

remykъ (“strap”) ← *remy (“strap, belt”)

(Extension) From masculine men-stem nouns. Neural mn̥-stems, such as *plemę or *vermę, were usually not extended

koręcь (“snag, trunk”) ← *korękъ ← *korę-

měsęcь (“moon, month”) ← *měsękъ ← *měsę-

zajęcь (“rabbit”) ← *zajękъ ← *zaję-


-kъ

-kъ (masculine nominative singular)
-ka (feminine nominative singular)
-ko (neuter nominative singular)
-ka (genitive masculine singular)
-ky (feminine genitive singular)
-ka (genitive neuter singular)
-ku (dative masculine singular)
-kě (dative feminine singular)
-ku (dative neuter singular)
-kъ (accusative masculine singular)
-kǫ (accusative feminine singular)
-ko (accusative neuter singular)
-komь (instrumental masculine singular)
-kojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
-komь (instrumental neuter singular)
-kě (locative masculine singular)
-kě (feminine locative singular)
-kě (locative neuter singular)
-ke (masculine singular vocative)
-ko (feminine singular vocative)
-ko (neuter singular vocative)
-ka (dual masculine nominative)
-kě (dual feminine nominative)
-kě (dual neuter nominative)
-ku (dual genitive masculine)
-ku (dual feminine genitive)
-ku (dual genitive neuter)
-koma (dative dual masculine)
-kama (dative dual feminine)
-koma (dative dual neuter)
-ka (accusative dual masculine)
-kě (accusative dual feminine)
-kě (accusative dual neuter)
-koma (dual instrumental masculine)
-kama (dual feminine instrumental)
-koma (dual instrumental neuter)
-ku (dual locative masculine)
-ku (dual feminine locative)
-ku (dual locative neuter)
-ka (dual masculine vocative)
-kě (dual feminine vocative)
-kě (dual neuter vocative)
-ki (masculine nominative plural)
-ky (feminine nominative plural)
-ka (neuter nominative plural)
-kъ (genitive masculine plural)
-kъ (feminine genitive plural)
-kъ (genitive neuter plural)
-komъ (dative masculine plural)
-kamъ (dative feminine plural)
-komъ (dative neuter plural)
-ky (accusative masculine plural)
-ky (accusative feminine plural)
-ka (accusative neuter plural)
-ky (instrumental masculine plural)
-kami (feminine instrumental plural)
-ky (instrumental neuter plural)
-kěxъ (locative masculine plural)
-kaxъ (feminine locative plural)
-kěxъ (locative neuter plural)
-ki (masculine plural vocative)
-ky (feminine plural vocative)
-ka (neuter plural vocative)
-kъjь (masculine nominative singular)
-kaja (feminine nominative singular)
-koje (neuter nominative singular)
-kajego (genitive masculine singular)
-kyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
-kajego (genitive neuter singular)
-kujemu (dative masculine singular)
-kěji (dative feminine singular)
-kujemu (dative neuter singular)
-kъjь (accusative masculine singular)
-kǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
-koje (accusative neuter singular)
-kyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
-kǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
-kyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
-kějemь (locative masculine singular)
-kěji (feminine locative singular)
-kějemь (locative neuter singular)
-kъjь (masculine singular vocative)
-kaja (feminine singular vocative)
-koje (neuter singular vocative)
-kaja (dual masculine nominative)
-kěji (dual feminine nominative)
-kěji (dual neuter nominative)
-kuju (dual genitive masculine)
-kuju (dual feminine genitive)
-kuju (dual genitive neuter)
-kyjima (dative dual masculine)
-kyjima (dative dual feminine)
-kyjima (dative dual neuter)
-kaja (accusative dual masculine)
-kěji (accusative dual feminine)
-kěji (accusative dual neuter)
-kyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
-kyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
-kyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
-kuju (dual locative masculine)
-kuju (dual feminine locative)
-kuju (dual locative neuter)
-kaja (dual masculine vocative)
-kěji (dual feminine vocative)
-kěji (dual neuter vocative)
-kiji (masculine nominative plural)
-kyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
-kaja (neuter nominative plural)
-kъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
-kъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
-kъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
-kyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
-kyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
-kyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
-kyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
-kyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
-kaja (accusative neuter plural)
-kyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
-kyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
-kyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
-kyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
-kyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
-kyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
-kiji (masculine plural vocative)
-kyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
-kaja (neuter plural vocative)

Adjectival suffix from Proto-Indo-European *-kos, usually attached to former u-stem or i-stem adjectives. Akin to Proto-Germanic *-ugaz, Proto-Germanic *-īgaz and Latin -ucus, Latin -īcus.

perkъ (“direct, across”) ← *per (“fore, across”)

opakъ (“reverse”) ← *po (“at, by, afterwards”)

pakъ (“again, then”) (only as an adverb) ← *pa- (“later”)

(Extension) From former ŭ-stem adjectives, equivalent to *-ъkъ

velikъ (“glorious”) ← *velь (“great”)

mьnikъ (“miniature”) ← *mьňьjь (“smaller”)

(Extension) From former i-stem adjectives, equivalent to *-ikъ


-kъ

-kъ (masculine nominative singular)
-ka (feminine nominative singular)
-ko (neuter nominative singular)
-kъ (accusative masculine singular)
-kǫ (accusative feminine singular)
-ko (accusative neuter singular)
-kogo (genitive masculine singular)
-koję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
-kogo (genitive neuter singular)
-komь (locative masculine singular)
-koji (feminine locative singular)
-komь (locative neuter singular)
-komu (dative masculine singular)
-koji (dative feminine singular)
-komu (dative neuter singular)
-cěmь (instrumental masculine singular)
-kojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
-cěmь (instrumental neuter singular)
-ka (dual masculine nominative)
-cě (dual feminine nominative)
-cě (dual neuter nominative)
-ka (accusative dual masculine)
-cě (accusative dual feminine)
-cě (accusative dual neuter)
-koju (dual genitive masculine)
-koju (dual feminine genitive)
-koju (dual genitive neuter)
-koju (dual locative masculine)
-koju (dual feminine locative)
-koju (dual locative neuter)
-cěma (dative dual masculine)
-cěma (dative dual feminine)
-cěma (dative dual neuter)
-cěma (dual instrumental masculine)
-cěma (dual feminine instrumental)
-cěma (dual instrumental neuter)
-ci (masculine nominative plural)
-ky (feminine nominative plural)
-ka (neuter nominative plural)
-ky (accusative masculine plural)
-ky (accusative feminine plural)
-ka (accusative neuter plural)
-cěxъ (genitive masculine plural)
-cěxъ (feminine genitive plural)
-cěxъ (genitive neuter plural)
-cěxъ (locative masculine plural)
-cěxъ (feminine locative plural)
-cěxъ (locative neuter plural)
-cěmъ (dative masculine plural)
-cěmъ (dative feminine plural)
-cěmъ (dative neuter plural)
-cěmi (instrumental masculine plural)
-cěmi (feminine instrumental plural)
-cěmi (instrumental neuter plural)

Denotational suffix from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-kas, itself from Proto-Indo-European *-kos or *-ḱos.

takъ (“so that”) ← *tъ (“that one”)

jakъ (“such one”) ← *jь (“this one, previously mentioned”)

sicь (“such that”) ← *sь (“this one here”)

kakъ (“how”) ← *kъjь (“who”)

čakъ (“even so”) ← *čьjь (“which”)

vьśаkъ (“anyway”) ← *vьśь (“all”)

jьnаkъ (“otherwise”) ← *jьnъ (“other, different”)

tukъ (“here”) ← *tu (“here, demonstrative for location”)

dekъ (“where, so that”) ← *de (“locative particle”)

nekъ (“let/may it be so”) ← *ne (“negative particle”)

From basic demostratives or particles, forms determiners for manner or amount. The neutral or feminine forms of these determiners could act as adverbs


śěrъ

*xěrъ (alternative)
śěrъ (masculine nominative singular)
śěra (feminine nominative singular)
śěro (neuter nominative singular)
śěra (genitive masculine singular)
śěry (feminine genitive singular)
śěra (genitive neuter singular)
śěru (dative masculine singular)
śěrě (dative feminine singular)
śěru (dative neuter singular)
śěrъ (accusative masculine singular)
śěrǫ (accusative feminine singular)
śěro (accusative neuter singular)
śěromь (instrumental masculine singular)
śěrojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
śěromь (instrumental neuter singular)
śěrě (locative masculine singular)
śěrě (feminine locative singular)
śěrě (locative neuter singular)
śěre (masculine singular vocative)
śěro (feminine singular vocative)
śěro (neuter singular vocative)
śěra (dual masculine nominative)
śěrě (dual feminine nominative)
śěrě (dual neuter nominative)
śěru (dual genitive masculine)
śěru (dual feminine genitive)
śěru (dual genitive neuter)
śěroma (dative dual masculine)
śěrama (dative dual feminine)
śěroma (dative dual neuter)
śěra (accusative dual masculine)
śěrě (accusative dual feminine)
śěrě (accusative dual neuter)
śěroma (dual instrumental masculine)
śěrama (dual feminine instrumental)
śěroma (dual instrumental neuter)
śěru (dual locative masculine)
śěru (dual feminine locative)
śěru (dual locative neuter)
śěra (dual masculine vocative)
śěrě (dual feminine vocative)
śěrě (dual neuter vocative)
śěri (masculine nominative plural)
śěry (feminine nominative plural)
śěra (neuter nominative plural)
śěrъ (genitive masculine plural)
śěrъ (feminine genitive plural)
śěrъ (genitive neuter plural)
śěromъ (dative masculine plural)
śěramъ (dative feminine plural)
śěromъ (dative neuter plural)
śěry (accusative masculine plural)
śěry (accusative feminine plural)
śěra (accusative neuter plural)
śěry (instrumental masculine plural)
śěrami (feminine instrumental plural)
śěry (instrumental neuter plural)
śěrěxъ (locative masculine plural)
śěraxъ (feminine locative plural)
śěrěxъ (locative neuter plural)
śěri (masculine plural vocative)
śěry (feminine plural vocative)
śěra (neuter plural vocative)
śěrъjь (masculine nominative singular)
śěraja (feminine nominative singular)
śěroje (neuter nominative singular)
śěrajego (genitive masculine singular)
śěryję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
śěrajego (genitive neuter singular)
śěrujemu (dative masculine singular)
śěrěji (dative feminine singular)
śěrujemu (dative neuter singular)
śěrъjь (accusative masculine singular)
śěrǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
śěroje (accusative neuter singular)
śěryjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
śěrǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
śěryjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
śěrějemь (locative masculine singular)
śěrěji (feminine locative singular)
śěrějemь (locative neuter singular)
śěrъjь (masculine singular vocative)
śěraja (feminine singular vocative)
śěroje (neuter singular vocative)
śěraja (dual masculine nominative)
śěrěji (dual feminine nominative)
śěrěji (dual neuter nominative)
śěruju (dual genitive masculine)
śěruju (dual feminine genitive)
śěruju (dual genitive neuter)
śěryjima (dative dual masculine)
śěryjima (dative dual feminine)
śěryjima (dative dual neuter)
śěraja (accusative dual masculine)
śěrěji (accusative dual feminine)
śěrěji (accusative dual neuter)
śěryjima (dual instrumental masculine)
śěryjima (dual feminine instrumental)
śěryjima (dual instrumental neuter)
śěruju (dual locative masculine)
śěruju (dual feminine locative)
śěruju (dual locative neuter)
śěraja (dual masculine vocative)
śěrěji (dual feminine vocative)
śěrěji (dual neuter vocative)
śěriji (masculine nominative plural)
śěryję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
śěraja (neuter nominative plural)
śěrъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
śěrъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
śěrъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
śěryjimъ (dative masculine plural)
śěryjimъ (dative feminine plural)
śěryjimъ (dative neuter plural)
śěryję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
śěryję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
śěraja (accusative neuter plural)
śěryjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
śěryjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
śěryjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
śěryjixъ (locative masculine plural)
śěryjixъ (feminine locative plural)
śěryjixъ (locative neuter plural)
śěriji (masculine plural vocative)
śěryję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
śěraja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: сѣръ (sěrŭ), сѣрꙑи (sěryi)

Old Ruthenian: сѣ́рый (sě́ryj)

Belarusian: се́ры (sjéry) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: сі́рий (síryj)

Russian: се́рый (séryj)

⇒ Old Novgorodian: хѣрь (xěrĭ)

South Slavic:

q

Old Church Slavonic: сѣръ (sěrŭ), possibly хѣръ (xěrŭ) (name of letter Х in the Old Cyrillic script)

Bulgarian: сяр (sjar) (archaic), dial. сер (ser)

Macedonian:

Slovene: sẹ̑r (tonal orthography) (archaic)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: šěrý

Czech: šerý (dated)

Kashubian: szari

Old Polish: szary

Polish: szary

→? Belarusian: шэ́ры (šéry)

Slovak: šerý

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: šěry

Lower Sorbian: šery

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śáiˀras. Related to Proto-Slavic *śědъ (“dim, gray”), but beyond that of uncertain origin. Possible etymologies include:
* Per Vaillant, Trubachev, Derksen: From pre-Slavic *xoirъ, continuing Proto-Indo-European *sḱoHy-rós, from *(s)ḱeh₃y- (“to shade”) or less likely *(s)ḱeh₁y- (“to shimmer”). Morphologically equivalent to *śě- + *-rъ. Cognates include Proto-Celtic *keiros (> Middle Irish cíar (“dark-brown”)), Proto-Germanic *hairaz (> Old Norse hárr (“gray-haired”), Old English hār (“gray, gray-haired”)). Compare also Ancient Greek κιρρός (kirrhós).
* ?: Less likely West Slavic are from an earlier *sjěrъ, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱyeh₁-rós, from *(s)ḱeyh₁- (“to shimmer”). Compare Lithuanian šėmas (< *ḱyeh₁-mó-).
* Per Snoj: From *ksey-, akin to Persian شید (“bright”).
* Per Meillet, Pedersen, Shakhmatov, Kroonen: A borrowing from Proto-Germanic *hairaz.


gadati

gādàti (canonical imperfective)
ganǫti (perfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
gadanьje (noun-from-verb)
gadati (infinitive)
gadatъ (supine)
gadalъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
gadanъ (participle passive past)
gadajemъ (participle passive present)
gadavъ (active participle past)
gadaję (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
gadaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
gada (aorist second-person singular)
gada (aorist singular third-person)
gadajǫ (first-person present singular)
gadaješi (present second-person singular)
gadajetь (present singular third-person)
gadaxově (aorist dual first-person)
gadasta (aorist dual second-person)
gadaste (aorist dual third-person)
gadajevě (dual first-person present)
gadajeta (dual present second-person)
gadajete (dual present third-person)
gadaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gadaste (aorist plural second-person)
gadašę (aorist plural third-person)
gadajemъ (first-person plural present)
gadajete (plural present second-person)
gadajǫtь (plural present third-person)
gadaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gadaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gadaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gadaji (imperative second-person singular)
gadaji (imperative singular third-person)
gadaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gadaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gadaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gadajivě (dual first-person imperative)
gadajita (dual imperative second-person)
gadaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gadaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gadaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gadajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
gadajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гадати (gadati)

Belarusian: гада́ць (hadácʹ)

Russian: гада́ть (gadátʹ)

Ukrainian: гада́ти (hadáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: гадати (gadati)

Bulgarian: гада́я (gadája)

Slovene: gádati (tonal orthography) (rare)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hádati

Czech: hádat

desctree

Old Polish: gadać
Polish: gadać
Silesian: gŏdać

Old Slovak: hádať

desc

Pannonian Rusyn: гадац (hadac) (obsolete)

Slovak: hádať

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: gadac

Slovincian: gadac

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: gadaś

Disputed. Derksen lists three hypotheses:
* From an elongated ō-grade Proto-Indo-European *gʰōd-, from root *gʰed- (“to take, to hold, to find”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *getaną (“to get, to perceive, to acquire”) (the source of English get) and akin to ne-infix presents Ancient Greek χανδάνω (khandánō, “to contain”), Latin prehendō (“to seize, to take”). Favoured by Vasmer.
* Related to synonymous *gatati, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gʷet-, *gʷed- (“to say, to speak”). If so, then akin to Proto-Germanic *kweþaną (“to say”), Sanskrit गदति (gádati) (perhaps originating from a mixture of *gat- with वदति (vádati)). Supported by Berneker, Chernykh, Seebold, who also give as cognates Lithuanian godóti (“to honor, to respect, to think, to believe”), Latvian gãdât (“to take care, to look after”) (further related to Lithuanian godẽlė (“thought, guess”), gùosti (“to care”)).
* Possibly related to Proto-Slavic *goditi (“to please”), *gaďati (“to aim, to make relation”), Lithuanian guõdas (“worth, honour”), Latvian gadît (“to happen to find”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ- (“to suit, to join, to gather”). Favoured by Sławski, Zubatý.
Given Winter's law, the last option is phonetically most preferable.


bobrъ

bòbrъ (canonical masculine)
bòbrъ (nominative singular)
bobrà (dual nominative)
bobrì (nominative plural)
bobrà (genitive singular)
bobrù (dual genitive)
bòbrъ (genitive plural)
bobrù (dative singular)
bobròma (dative dual)
bobròmъ (dative plural)
bòbrъ (accusative singular)
bobrà (accusative dual)
bobrỳ (accusative plural)
bobrъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
bobròmь (instrumental singular)
bobròma (dual instrumental)
bòbry (instrumental plural)
bobrě̀ (locative singular)
bobrù (dual locative)
bòbrěxъ (locative plural)
bobre (singular vocative)
bobrà (dual vocative)
bobrì (plural vocative)
bòbrъ (nominative singular)
bobrỳ (dual nominative)
bobròve (nominative plural)
bobrù (genitive singular)
bobròvu (dual genitive)
bobròvъ (genitive plural)
bobròvi (dative singular)
bòbrъma (dative dual)
bobrъ̀mъ (dative plural)
bòbrъ (accusative singular)
bobrỳ (accusative dual)
bobrỳ (accusative plural)
bobrъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
bòbrъma (dual instrumental)
bòbrъmī (instrumental plural)
bòbru (locative singular)
bobròvu (dual locative)
bobrъ̀xъ (locative plural)
bobru (singular vocative)
bobrỳ (dual vocative)
bobròve (plural vocative)
*bь̀brъ (alternative)
*bèbrъ (alternative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: бобръ (bobrŭ)
Old Ruthenian: бо́бръ (bóbr)
Belarusian: бабёр (babjór)
Carpathian Rusyn: бобе́р (bobér)
Ukrainian: бобе́р (bobér); бібр (bibr), бобро́ (bobró) (dialectal)
Middle Russian: бобръ (bobr), бобе́ръ (bobér)
Russian: бобёр (bobjór), бобр (bobr); бобер (bober) (obsolete)

Old Novgorodian: бобръ (bobrŭ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бо́бър (bóbǎr)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: bọ́bər, bóbər (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: bobr

Czech: bobr

Kashubian: bòber

Polabian: bübĕr

desctree

Old Polish: bóbr
Polish: bóbr, bober (Podlachia, Zagórze)
Silesian: biber

Old Slovak: bobr, bobor

Pannonian Rusyn: бобер (bober)

Slovak: bobor

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: bobr

Upper Sorbian: bobr

Non-slavic:

→ Romanian: bober

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH-
Proto-Indo-European *-us
Proto-Indo-European *bʰébʰrus
Proto-Balto-Slavic *bebrus
Proto-Slavic *bobrъ
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *bebrus, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰébʰrus.


berzьňь

berzьňь (nominative singular)
berzьňa (dual nominative)
berzьňi (nominative plural)
berzьňa (genitive singular)
berzьňu (dual genitive)
berzьňь (genitive plural)
berzьňu (dative singular)
berzьňema (dative dual)
berzьňemъ (dative plural)
berzьňь (accusative singular)
berzьňa (accusative dual)
berzьňę̇ (accusative plural)
berzьňьmь (instrumental singular)
berzьňemь (instrumental singular)
berzьňema (dual instrumental)
berzьňi (instrumental plural)
berzьňi (locative singular)
berzьňu (dual locative)
berzьňixъ (locative plural)
berzьňu (singular vocative)
berzьňa (dual vocative)
berzьňi (plural vocative)
*berzьnъ (alternative)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: березень (berezenʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: брѣзьнъ (brězĭnŭ)

Glagolitic: ⰱⱃⱑⰸⱐⱀⱏ (brězĭnŭ)

Bulgarian: бре́зен (brézen)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: брезан

Latin script: brezan

Slovene: brézen

West Slavic:

Czech: březen

Polish brzezień


ložьmъ

ložьmъ (masculine nominative singular)
ložьma (feminine nominative singular)
ložьmo (neuter nominative singular)
ložьma (genitive masculine singular)
ložьmy (feminine genitive singular)
ložьma (genitive neuter singular)
ložьmu (dative masculine singular)
ložьmě (dative feminine singular)
ložьmu (dative neuter singular)
ložьmъ (accusative masculine singular)
ložьmǫ (accusative feminine singular)
ložьmo (accusative neuter singular)
ložьmomь (instrumental masculine singular)
ložьmojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
ložьmomь (instrumental neuter singular)
ložьmě (locative masculine singular)
ložьmě (feminine locative singular)
ložьmě (locative neuter singular)
ložьme (masculine singular vocative)
ložьmo (feminine singular vocative)
ložьmo (neuter singular vocative)
ložьma (dual masculine nominative)
ložьmě (dual feminine nominative)
ložьmě (dual neuter nominative)
ložьmu (dual genitive masculine)
ložьmu (dual feminine genitive)
ložьmu (dual genitive neuter)
ložьmoma (dative dual masculine)
ložьmama (dative dual feminine)
ložьmoma (dative dual neuter)
ložьma (accusative dual masculine)
ložьmě (accusative dual feminine)
ložьmě (accusative dual neuter)
ložьmoma (dual instrumental masculine)
ložьmama (dual feminine instrumental)
ložьmoma (dual instrumental neuter)
ložьmu (dual locative masculine)
ložьmu (dual feminine locative)
ložьmu (dual locative neuter)
ložьma (dual masculine vocative)
ložьmě (dual feminine vocative)
ložьmě (dual neuter vocative)
ložьmi (masculine nominative plural)
ložьmy (feminine nominative plural)
ložьma (neuter nominative plural)
ložьmъ (genitive masculine plural)
ložьmъ (feminine genitive plural)
ložьmъ (genitive neuter plural)
ložьmomъ (dative masculine plural)
ložьmamъ (dative feminine plural)
ložьmomъ (dative neuter plural)
ložьmy (accusative masculine plural)
ložьmy (accusative feminine plural)
ložьma (accusative neuter plural)
ložьmy (instrumental masculine plural)
ložьmami (feminine instrumental plural)
ložьmy (instrumental neuter plural)
ložьměxъ (locative masculine plural)
ložьmaxъ (feminine locative plural)
ložьměxъ (locative neuter plural)
ložьmi (masculine plural vocative)
ložьmy (feminine plural vocative)
ložьma (neuter plural vocative)
ložьmъjь (masculine nominative singular)
ložьmaja (feminine nominative singular)
ložьmoje (neuter nominative singular)
ložьmajego (genitive masculine singular)
ložьmyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
ložьmajego (genitive neuter singular)
ložьmujemu (dative masculine singular)
ložьměji (dative feminine singular)
ložьmujemu (dative neuter singular)
ložьmъjь (accusative masculine singular)
ložьmǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
ložьmoje (accusative neuter singular)
ložьmyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
ložьmǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
ložьmyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
ložьmějemь (locative masculine singular)
ložьměji (feminine locative singular)
ložьmějemь (locative neuter singular)
ložьmъjь (masculine singular vocative)
ložьmaja (feminine singular vocative)
ložьmoje (neuter singular vocative)
ložьmaja (dual masculine nominative)
ložьměji (dual feminine nominative)
ložьměji (dual neuter nominative)
ložьmuju (dual genitive masculine)
ložьmuju (dual feminine genitive)
ložьmuju (dual genitive neuter)
ložьmyjima (dative dual masculine)
ložьmyjima (dative dual feminine)
ložьmyjima (dative dual neuter)
ložьmaja (accusative dual masculine)
ložьměji (accusative dual feminine)
ložьměji (accusative dual neuter)
ložьmyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
ložьmyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
ložьmyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
ložьmuju (dual locative masculine)
ložьmuju (dual feminine locative)
ložьmuju (dual locative neuter)
ložьmaja (dual masculine vocative)
ložьměji (dual feminine vocative)
ložьměji (dual neuter vocative)
ložьmiji (masculine nominative plural)
ložьmyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
ložьmaja (neuter nominative plural)
ložьmъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
ložьmъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
ložьmъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
ložьmyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
ložьmyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
ložьmyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
ložьmyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
ložьmyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
ložьmaja (accusative neuter plural)
ložьmyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
ložьmyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
ložьmyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
ložьmyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
ložьmyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
ložьmyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
ložьmiji (masculine plural vocative)
ložьmyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
ložьmaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Belarusian: ло́жмы (lóžmy), ло́жма (lóžma)

West Slavic:

Polish: łóżma


kadidlьnica

kadidlьnica (nominative singular)
kadidlьnici (dual nominative)
kadidlьnicę̇ (nominative plural)
kadidlьnicę̇ (genitive singular)
kadidlьnicu (dual genitive)
kadidlьnicь (genitive plural)
kadidlьnici (dative singular)
kadidlьnicama (dative dual)
kadidlьnicamъ (dative plural)
kadidlьnicǫ (accusative singular)
kadidlьnici (accusative dual)
kadidlьnicę̇ (accusative plural)
kadidlьnicejǫ (instrumental singular)
kadidlьnicǫ (instrumental singular)
kadidlьnicama (dual instrumental)
kadidlьnicami (instrumental plural)
kadidlьnici (locative singular)
kadidlьnicu (dual locative)
kadidlьnicasъ (locative plural)
kadidlьnicaxъ (locative plural)
kadidlьnice (singular vocative)
kadidlьnici (dual vocative)
kadidlьnicę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: кади́льница (kadílʹnica)

Ukrainian: кади́льниця (kadýlʹnycja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: кадильница (kadilĭnica)

Glagolitic script: ⰽⰰⰴⰹⰾⱐⱀⰹⱌⰰ (kadilĭnica)

Old Serbo-Croatian: kadilnica, кадилница

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ка̀дионица

Latin script: kàdionica

Macedonian: кади́лница (kadílnica)

Slovene: kadílnica

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kadidlnicě

Czech: kadidelnice

Old Polish: kadzidlnica

Polish: kadzielnica


bojь

bòjь (canonical)
bȍjь (canonical masculine)
bòjь (nominative singular)
bojà (dual nominative)
bojì (nominative plural)
bojà (genitive singular)
bojù (dual genitive)
bòjь (genitive plural)
bojù (dative singular)
bojèma (dative dual)
bòjemъ (dative plural)
bòjь (accusative singular)
bojà (accusative dual)
boję̇̀ (accusative plural)
bojь̀mь (instrumental singular)
bojèmь (instrumental singular)
bojèma (dual instrumental)
bòji (instrumental plural)
bojì (locative singular)
bojù (dual locative)
bòjixъ (locative plural)
boju (singular vocative)
bojà (dual vocative)
bojì (plural vocative)
bȍjь (nominative singular)
bȍja (dual nominative)
bȍji (nominative plural)
bȍja (genitive singular)
bojù (dual genitive)
bòjь (genitive plural)
bȍju (dative singular)
bojemà (dative dual)
bojèmъ (dative plural)
bȍjь (accusative singular)
bȍja (accusative dual)
bȍję̇ (accusative plural)
bȍjьmь (instrumental singular)
bȍjemь (instrumental singular)
bojemà (dual instrumental)
bojí (instrumental plural)
bȍji (locative singular)
bojù (dual locative)
bojĩxъ (locative plural)
boju (singular vocative)
bȍja (dual vocative)
bȍji (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: бои (boi)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: бои (boi)

Old Ruthenian: бой (boj), бѡй (bôj)

Belarusian: бой (boj)

Ukrainian: бій (bij)

Russian: бой (boj)

Old Novgorodian: бои (boi)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бой (boj)

Macedonian: бој (boj)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бо̑ј

Latin script: bȏj

Slovene: bòj

West Slavic:

Old Czech: boj

Czech: boj

Polabian: büj

Polish: bój

Slovak: boj

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: bój

Lower Sorbian: bój

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *bajas, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰoyh₂ós, from *bʰeyh₂- (“to strike, hew”).


bebrъ

bèbrъ (canonical masculine)
bèbrъ (nominative singular)
bebrà (dual nominative)
bebrì (nominative plural)
bebrà (genitive singular)
bebrù (dual genitive)
bèbrъ (genitive plural)
bebrù (dative singular)
bebròma (dative dual)
bebròmъ (dative plural)
bèbrъ (accusative singular)
bebrà (accusative dual)
bebrỳ (accusative plural)
bebrъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
bebròmь (instrumental singular)
bebròma (dual instrumental)
bèbry (instrumental plural)
bebrě̀ (locative singular)
bebrù (dual locative)
bèbrěxъ (locative plural)
bebre (singular vocative)
bebrà (dual vocative)
bebrì (plural vocative)
bèbrъ (nominative singular)
bebrỳ (dual nominative)
bebròve (nominative plural)
bebrù (genitive singular)
bebròvu (dual genitive)
bebròvъ (genitive plural)
bebròvi (dative singular)
bèbrъma (dative dual)
bebrъ̀mъ (dative plural)
bèbrъ (accusative singular)
bebrỳ (accusative dual)
bebrỳ (accusative plural)
bebrъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
bèbrъma (dual instrumental)
bèbrъmī (instrumental plural)
bèbru (locative singular)
bebròvu (dual locative)
bebrъ̀xъ (locative plural)
bebru (singular vocative)
bebrỳ (dual vocative)
bebròve (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: бебръ (bebrŭ)

Old Ruthenian: *бебръ (*bebr)

Ukrainian: бебр (bebr) (dialectal)

Old Novgorodian: бебръ (bebrŭ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Church Slavonic: бебръ (bebrŭ) (Serbian recension)

Bulgarian: бе́бер (béber)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: bébər, brébər (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: běbr

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH-
Proto-Indo-European *-us
Proto-Indo-European *bʰébʰrus
Proto-Balto-Slavic *bebrus
Proto-Slavic *bebrъ


bьbrъ

bь̀brъ (canonical masculine)
bь̀brъ (nominative singular)
bьbrà (dual nominative)
bьbrì (nominative plural)
bьbrà (genitive singular)
bьbrù (dual genitive)
bь̀brъ (genitive plural)
bьbrù (dative singular)
bьbròma (dative dual)
bьbròmъ (dative plural)
bь̀brъ (accusative singular)
bьbrà (accusative dual)
bьbrỳ (accusative plural)
bьbrъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
bьbròmь (instrumental singular)
bьbròma (dual instrumental)
bь̀bry (instrumental plural)
bьbrě̀ (locative singular)
bьbrù (dual locative)
bь̀brěxъ (locative plural)
bьbre (singular vocative)
bьbrà (dual vocative)
bьbrì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: бьбръ (bĭbrŭ)

South Slavic:

desc

б – б > д – б

Serbo-Croatian: (б – б > д – б)

Cyrillic script: да̀бар

Latin script: dàbar

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *bíbrus. Doublet of *bèbrъ and *bòbrъ.


stьdza

stьdzà (canonical feminine)
stьdzà (nominative singular)
stь̀dzi (dual nominative)
stьdzę̇̀ (nominative plural)
stьdzę̇̀ (genitive singular)
stьdzù (dual genitive)
stь̀dzь (genitive plural)
stьdzì (dative singular)
stьdzàma (dative dual)
stьdzàmъ (dative plural)
stьdzǫ̀ (accusative singular)
stь̀dzi (accusative dual)
stьdzę̇̀ (accusative plural)
stьdzèjǫ (instrumental singular)
stь̀dzǫ (instrumental singular)
stьdzàma (dual instrumental)
stьdzàmī (instrumental plural)
stьdzì (locative singular)
stьdzù (dual locative)
stьdzàsъ (locative plural)
stьdzàxъ (locative plural)
stьdze (singular vocative)
stь̀dzi (dual vocative)
stьdzę̇̀ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: стьза (stĭza), стьзꙗ (stĭzja)

Russian: стезя́ (stezjá), стега́ (stegá), зга́ (zgá)

Ukrainian: сте́жка (stéžka), стезя́ (stezjá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: стьѕа (stĭdza), стьза (stĭza)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ста̀за

Latin script: stàza

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: stəzȁ, stə̀za (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: stzě

Czech: stez (poetic)

Polabian: stadźă

Old Polish: stdza, śdza, stdza

From earlier *stьga, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *stigāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *stigʰ-eh₂, from *steygʰ- (“to walk”). Baltic cognates include Lithuanian stiga (“path”) and Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek στίχος (stíkhos), Proto-Germanic *stigaz.


rivati

rinǫti (perfective)
rivanьje (noun-from-verb)
rivati (infinitive)
rivatъ (supine)
rivalъ (l-participle)
rivanъ (participle passive past)
rivajemъ (participle passive present)
rivavъ (active participle past)
rivaję (active participle present)
rivaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
riva (aorist second-person singular)
riva (aorist singular third-person)
rivajǫ (first-person present singular)
rivaješi (present second-person singular)
rivajetь (present singular third-person)
rivaxově (aorist dual first-person)
rivasta (aorist dual second-person)
rivaste (aorist dual third-person)
rivajevě (dual first-person present)
rivajeta (dual present second-person)
rivajete (dual present third-person)
rivaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
rivaste (aorist plural second-person)
rivašę (aorist plural third-person)
rivajemъ (first-person plural present)
rivajete (plural present second-person)
rivajǫtь (plural present third-person)
rivaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
rivaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
rivaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
rivaji (imperative second-person singular)
rivaji (imperative singular third-person)
rivaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
rivaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
rivaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
rivajivě (dual first-person imperative)
rivajita (dual imperative second-person)
rivaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
rivaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
rivaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
rivajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
rivajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ривати (rivati)

⇒ Bulgarian: изри́вам (izrívam)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ри̏вати

Latin script: rȉvati

Slovene: rívati

Derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reyH- (“to set in motion, to flow”). By surface analysis, *ri(nǫti) + *-vati.


kryša

kryša (nominative singular)
kryši (dual nominative)
kryšę̇ (nominative plural)
kryšę̇ (genitive singular)
kryšu (dual genitive)
kryšь (genitive plural)
kryši (dative singular)
kryšama (dative dual)
kryšamъ (dative plural)
kryšǫ (accusative singular)
kryši (accusative dual)
kryšę̇ (accusative plural)
kryšejǫ (instrumental singular)
kryšǫ (instrumental singular)
kryšama (dual instrumental)
kryšami (instrumental plural)
kryši (locative singular)
kryšu (dual locative)
kryšasъ (locative plural)
kryšaxъ (locative plural)
kryše (singular vocative)
kryši (dual vocative)
kryšę̇ (plural vocative)
*kryšь (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *крꙑша (*kryša)

Belarusian: кры́ша (krýša)

Russian: кры́ша (krýša), крышь (kryšʹ)

Ukrainian: кри́ша (krýša)

South Slavic:

⇒ Bulgarian: скришом (skrišom, adv.)

⇒ Macedonian: кришум (krišum, adv.)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кри̑ш (obsolete)

Latin script: krȋš (obsolete)

desc

⇒ Cyrillic script: кри̑шом (“secretly”, adv.)

⇒ Latin script: krȋšom (“secretly”, adv.)

West Slavic:

Czech: skrýše, skrýš

From *kryti (“to cover, hide”) + *-ša or from s-extension *krys- + *-ja.
Compare Old Norse hrøysar, Danish røs, røse (“pile (of stones)”), Low German rûse (“pile”).


stropъ

stropъ (nominative singular)
stropa (dual nominative)
stropi (nominative plural)
stropa (genitive singular)
stropu (dual genitive)
stropъ (genitive plural)
stropu (dative singular)
stropoma (dative dual)
stropomъ (dative plural)
stropъ (accusative singular)
stropa (accusative dual)
stropy (accusative plural)
stropъmь (instrumental singular)
stropomь (instrumental singular)
stropoma (dual instrumental)
stropy (instrumental plural)
stropě (locative singular)
stropu (dual locative)
stropěxъ (locative plural)
strope (singular vocative)
stropa (dual vocative)
stropi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: стропъ (stropŭ)

Belarusian: строп (strop)

Russian: строп (strop) (archaic)

Ukrainian: стріп (strip)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: стропъ (stropŭ)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: строп (strop) (obsolete)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: стро̏п

Latin script: strȍp

Slovene: strȍp (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: strop

Polish: strop

Slovak: strop

From earlier *sropъ, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱrapo-.
Cognate with
Old Irish cró (< *crapo-),
Ancient Greek κρόσσαι (króssai, “teeth, prongs”),
Proto-Germanic *hrōfą (> Old Norse hróf, Old English hrōf > English roof)


nuďa

nùďa (canonical feminine)
nuďa (nominative singular)
nuďi (dual nominative)
nuďę̇ (nominative plural)
nuďę̇ (genitive singular)
nuďu (dual genitive)
nuďь (genitive plural)
nuďi (dative singular)
nuďama (dative dual)
nuďamъ (dative plural)
nuďǫ (accusative singular)
nuďi (accusative dual)
nuďę̇ (accusative plural)
nuďejǫ (instrumental singular)
nuďǫ (instrumental singular)
nuďama (dual instrumental)
nuďami (instrumental plural)
nuďi (locative singular)
nuďu (dual locative)
nuďasъ (locative plural)
nuďaxъ (locative plural)
nuďe (singular vocative)
nuďi (dual vocative)
nuďę̇ (plural vocative)
*nǫďa (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: нужа (nuža)

Belarusian: ну́жа (núža) (archaic or dialectal?)

Russian: ну́жа (núža) (archaic or dialectal)

Ukrainian: ну́жа (núža) (archaic or dialectal?)

→ Polish: nuża (obsolete)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: ноужда (nužda), нѫжда (nǫžda) (from *nǫďa)

Bulgarian: нужда (nužda)

→ Russian: нужда́ (nuždá)

→ Serbo-Croatian: ну̏жда / nȕžda

Macedonian: нужда (nužda)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: нуђа or нудја, нуја

Latin script: nuđa or nudja, nuja

Slovene: núja

West Slavic:

Kashubian: nãdza, nãza

Old Czech: núzě

Czech: nouze

Old Polish: nędza

Polish: nędza

Silesian: nyndza

Slovak: núdza

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: nuza

Upper Sorbian: nuza

From Proto-Indo-European *neh₂ut- (“torment, misfortune”), from Proto-Indo-European *neh₂w- (“the dead, corpse”).


dvigati

dvignǫti (perfective)
dviganьje (noun-from-verb)
dvigati (infinitive)
dvigatъ (supine)
dvigalъ (l-participle)
dviganъ (participle passive past)
dvižemъ (participle passive present)
dvigavъ (active participle past)
dvižę (active participle present)
dvigaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dviga (aorist second-person singular)
dviga (aorist singular third-person)
dvižǫ (first-person present singular)
dvižeši (present second-person singular)
dvižetь (present singular third-person)
dvigaxově (aorist dual first-person)
dvigasta (aorist dual second-person)
dvigaste (aorist dual third-person)
dviževě (dual first-person present)
dvižeta (dual present second-person)
dvižete (dual present third-person)
dvigaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dvigaste (aorist plural second-person)
dvigašę (aorist plural third-person)
dvižemъ (first-person plural present)
dvižete (plural present second-person)
dvižǫtь (plural present third-person)
dvigaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dvigaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dvigaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dviži (imperative second-person singular)
dviži (imperative singular third-person)
dvigaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dvigaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dvigaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dviživě (dual first-person imperative)
dvižita (dual imperative second-person)
dvigaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dvigaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dvigaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dvižimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dvižite (imperative plural second-person)
dviganьje (noun-from-verb)
dvigati (infinitive)
dvigatъ (supine)
dvigalъ (l-participle)
dviganъ (participle passive past)
dvigajemъ (participle passive present)
dvigavъ (active participle past)
dvigaję (active participle present)
dvigaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dviga (aorist second-person singular)
dviga (aorist singular third-person)
dvigajǫ (first-person present singular)
dvigaješi (present second-person singular)
dvigajetь (present singular third-person)
dvigaxově (aorist dual first-person)
dvigasta (aorist dual second-person)
dvigaste (aorist dual third-person)
dvigajevě (dual first-person present)
dvigajeta (dual present second-person)
dvigajete (dual present third-person)
dvigaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dvigaste (aorist plural second-person)
dvigašę (aorist plural third-person)
dvigajemъ (first-person plural present)
dvigajete (plural present second-person)
dvigajǫtь (plural present third-person)
dvigaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dvigaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dvigaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dvigaji (imperative second-person singular)
dvigaji (imperative singular third-person)
dvigaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dvigaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dvigaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dvigajivě (dual first-person imperative)
dvigajita (dual imperative second-person)
dvigaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dvigaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dvigaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dvigajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dvigajite (imperative plural second-person)
*dviťi (alternative)

East Slavic:

Russian: дви́гать (dvígatʹ)

Ukrainian: дви́гати (dvýhaty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: двиѕати (dvidzati)

Glagolitic script: ⰴⰲⰹⰷⰰⱅⰻ (dvidzati)

desc

Bulgarian: дигам (digam), дви́жа (dvíža)

Macedonian: дига (diga), движи (dviži)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ди̏зати

Latin script: dȉzati

Slovene: dvígati

West Slavic:

Czech: dvíhat

Kashubian: dwigac

Polish: dźwigać

Slovak: dvíhať

Slovincian: dwjigac

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: zwigaś

Church Slavonic: *двищи (*dvišti), двигомꙑ (dvigomy) (Russian) (1389)

Vasmer marks the word as unclear, though mentions the possibility of relation to Proto-West Germanic *twikkijan (“to fasten, pinch”). According to one theory, from *d(ъ)vigъ (“branching, buttress serving as lever”), from *d(ъ)va (“two”) + *-igъ; levers used to raise objects often have bifurcating structures. Compare German Zweig (“branch < branching”), from Zwei (“two”).
The loss of -v- in South Slavic is secondary. For a similar phenomenon, compare Serbo-Croatian storiti (“to do, to commit”), Bulgarian сторя (storja, “to do”) < *sъtvoriti.


brьvь

brьvь (nominative singular)
brьvi (dual nominative)
brьvi (nominative plural)
brьvi (genitive singular)
brьvьju (dual genitive)
brьvľu (dual genitive)
brьvьjь (genitive plural)
brьvi (genitive plural)
brьvi (dative singular)
brьvьma (dative dual)
brьvьmъ (dative plural)
brьvь (accusative singular)
brьvi (accusative dual)
brьvi (accusative plural)
brьvьjǫ (instrumental singular)
brьvľǫ (instrumental singular)
brьvьma (dual instrumental)
brьvьmi (instrumental plural)
brьvi (locative singular)
brьvьju (dual locative)
brьvľu (dual locative)
brьvьxъ (locative plural)
brьvi (singular vocative)
brьvi (dual vocative)
brьvi (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: брьвь (brĭvĭ), бръвь (brŭvĭ), бервь (bervĭ) (Russian)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: брьвь (brĭvĭ), бръвь (brŭvĭ), бервь (bervĭ)

Ukrainian: бер (ber), берь (berʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бръв (brǎv), брьвь (brʹvʹ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бр̑в

Latin script: bȓv

Slovene: bŕv

West Slavic:

Old Czech: břev

Apparently from dissimilation of earlier *brъvь, from ь-extension of *bry. Lexical division occurred in PIE.
Compare
Old Norse brū (“bridge”),
Gaulish brīva (“bridge”) (< *bʰrēwā),
Proto-Germanic *brugjǭ (“bridge”) (> English bridge, Old Saxon bruggia, Old High German brucka)


duxmenъ

duxmenъ (masculine nominative singular)
duxmena (feminine nominative singular)
duxmeno (neuter nominative singular)
duxmena (genitive masculine singular)
duxmeny (feminine genitive singular)
duxmena (genitive neuter singular)
duxmenu (dative masculine singular)
duxmeně (dative feminine singular)
duxmenu (dative neuter singular)
duxmenъ (accusative masculine singular)
duxmenǫ (accusative feminine singular)
duxmeno (accusative neuter singular)
duxmenomь (instrumental masculine singular)
duxmenojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
duxmenomь (instrumental neuter singular)
duxmeně (locative masculine singular)
duxmeně (feminine locative singular)
duxmeně (locative neuter singular)
duxmene (masculine singular vocative)
duxmeno (feminine singular vocative)
duxmeno (neuter singular vocative)
duxmena (dual masculine nominative)
duxmeně (dual feminine nominative)
duxmeně (dual neuter nominative)
duxmenu (dual genitive masculine)
duxmenu (dual feminine genitive)
duxmenu (dual genitive neuter)
duxmenoma (dative dual masculine)
duxmenama (dative dual feminine)
duxmenoma (dative dual neuter)
duxmena (accusative dual masculine)
duxmeně (accusative dual feminine)
duxmeně (accusative dual neuter)
duxmenoma (dual instrumental masculine)
duxmenama (dual feminine instrumental)
duxmenoma (dual instrumental neuter)
duxmenu (dual locative masculine)
duxmenu (dual feminine locative)
duxmenu (dual locative neuter)
duxmena (dual masculine vocative)
duxmeně (dual feminine vocative)
duxmeně (dual neuter vocative)
duxmeni (masculine nominative plural)
duxmeny (feminine nominative plural)
duxmena (neuter nominative plural)
duxmenъ (genitive masculine plural)
duxmenъ (feminine genitive plural)
duxmenъ (genitive neuter plural)
duxmenomъ (dative masculine plural)
duxmenamъ (dative feminine plural)
duxmenomъ (dative neuter plural)
duxmeny (accusative masculine plural)
duxmeny (accusative feminine plural)
duxmena (accusative neuter plural)
duxmeny (instrumental masculine plural)
duxmenami (feminine instrumental plural)
duxmeny (instrumental neuter plural)
duxmeněxъ (locative masculine plural)
duxmenaxъ (feminine locative plural)
duxmeněxъ (locative neuter plural)
duxmeni (masculine plural vocative)
duxmeny (feminine plural vocative)
duxmena (neuter plural vocative)
duxmenъjь (masculine nominative singular)
duxmenaja (feminine nominative singular)
duxmenoje (neuter nominative singular)
duxmenajego (genitive masculine singular)
duxmenyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
duxmenajego (genitive neuter singular)
duxmenujemu (dative masculine singular)
duxmeněji (dative feminine singular)
duxmenujemu (dative neuter singular)
duxmenъjь (accusative masculine singular)
duxmenǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
duxmenoje (accusative neuter singular)
duxmenyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
duxmenǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
duxmenyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
duxmenějemь (locative masculine singular)
duxmeněji (feminine locative singular)
duxmenějemь (locative neuter singular)
duxmenъjь (masculine singular vocative)
duxmenaja (feminine singular vocative)
duxmenoje (neuter singular vocative)
duxmenaja (dual masculine nominative)
duxmeněji (dual feminine nominative)
duxmeněji (dual neuter nominative)
duxmenuju (dual genitive masculine)
duxmenuju (dual feminine genitive)
duxmenuju (dual genitive neuter)
duxmenyjima (dative dual masculine)
duxmenyjima (dative dual feminine)
duxmenyjima (dative dual neuter)
duxmenaja (accusative dual masculine)
duxmeněji (accusative dual feminine)
duxmeněji (accusative dual neuter)
duxmenyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
duxmenyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
duxmenyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
duxmenuju (dual locative masculine)
duxmenuju (dual feminine locative)
duxmenuju (dual locative neuter)
duxmenaja (dual masculine vocative)
duxmeněji (dual feminine vocative)
duxmeněji (dual neuter vocative)
duxmeniji (masculine nominative plural)
duxmenyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
duxmenaja (neuter nominative plural)
duxmenъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
duxmenъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
duxmenъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
duxmenyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
duxmenyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
duxmenyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
duxmenyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
duxmenyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
duxmenaja (accusative neuter plural)
duxmenyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
duxmenyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
duxmenyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
duxmenyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
duxmenyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
duxmenyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
duxmeniji (masculine plural vocative)
duxmenyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
duxmenaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: духмя́ны (duxmjány)

Russian: духмёный (duxmjónyj), духмя́ный (duxmjányj)

Ukrainian: духмя́ний (duxmjányj)


myto

mytò (canonical neuter)
mȳtò (nominative singular)
mỹtě (dual nominative)
mȳtà (nominative plural)
mȳtà (genitive singular)
mȳtù (dual genitive)
mỹtъ (genitive plural)
mȳtù (dative singular)
mȳtòma (dative dual)
mȳtòmъ (dative plural)
mȳtò (accusative singular)
mỹtě (accusative dual)
mȳtà (accusative plural)
mȳtъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
mȳtòmь (instrumental singular)
mȳtòma (dual instrumental)
mỹty (instrumental plural)
mȳtě̀ (locative singular)
mȳtù (dual locative)
mỹtěxъ (locative plural)
mȳtò (singular vocative)
mỹtě (dual vocative)
mȳtà (plural vocative)

Old East Slavic: мꙑто (myto)

Belarusian: мы́та (mýta)

Russian: мы́то (mýto) (archaic)

Ukrainian: ми́то (mýto)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: мꙑто (myto)

Bulgarian: мито́ (mitó)

Macedonian: мито (mito, “bribe”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ми́то (“bribe”)

Latin script: míto (“bribe”)

Slovene: míto (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: mýto

Kashubian: mito

Polabian: moitĕ

Polish: myto

Old Slovak: mýto

Slovak: mýto

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: myto

Upper Sorbian: myto

Generally considered a borrowing from Germanic, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *mōtō, whence also Medieval Latin mūta (“toll”). Compare German Maut (“toll”)


moriti

morìti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
mořenьje (noun-from-verb)
moriti (infinitive)
moritъ (supine)
morilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
mořenъ (participle passive past)
morimъ (participle passive present)
mořь (active participle past)
morę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
morixъ (aorist first-person singular)
mori (aorist second-person singular)
mori (aorist singular third-person)
mořǫ (first-person present singular)
moriši (present second-person singular)
moritь (present singular third-person)
morixově (aorist dual first-person)
morista (aorist dual second-person)
moriste (aorist dual third-person)
morivě (dual first-person present)
morita (dual present second-person)
morite (dual present third-person)
morixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
moriste (aorist plural second-person)
morišę (aorist plural third-person)
morimъ (first-person plural present)
morite (plural present second-person)
morętь (plural present third-person)
mořaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mořaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mořaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
mori (imperative second-person singular)
mori (imperative singular third-person)
mořaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mořaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mořaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
morivě (dual first-person imperative)
morita (dual imperative second-person)
mořaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mořaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mořaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
morimъ (first-person imperative plural)
morite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: мори́ть (morítʹ)

Ukrainian: мори́ти (morýty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: моря̀ (morjà)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мо̀рити

Latin script: mòriti

Slovene: morīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mořiti

Czech: mořit

Old Polish: morzyć

Polish: morzyć

Silesian: morzić (“to clean”)

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: mòrzëc

Slovincian: môrzëc

Old Slovak: moriti

Pannonian Rusyn: мориц (moric)

Slovak: moriť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: morić

Lower Sorbian: móriś


tъkačь

tъkačь (nominative singular)
tъkača (dual nominative)
tъkači (nominative plural)
tъkača (genitive singular)
tъkaču (dual genitive)
tъkačь (genitive plural)
tъkaču (dative singular)
tъkačema (dative dual)
tъkačemъ (dative plural)
tъkačь (accusative singular)
tъkača (accusative dual)
tъkačę̇ (accusative plural)
tъkačьmь (instrumental singular)
tъkačemь (instrumental singular)
tъkačema (dual instrumental)
tъkači (instrumental plural)
tъkači (locative singular)
tъkaču (dual locative)
tъkačixъ (locative plural)
tъkaču (singular vocative)
tъkača (dual vocative)
tъkači (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ткач (tkač)

Russian: ткач (tkač)

Ukrainian: ткач (tkač)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: тъка́ч (tǎkáč)

Macedonian: ткајач (tkajač)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тка̑ч

Latin script: tkȃč

Slovene: tkáč (tonal orthography) (obsolete)

West Slavic:

Czech: tkáč (archaic or dialectal)

Polabian: tåkăc

Old Polish: tkacz

Polish: tkacz

Slovak: tkáč

→ Hungarian: takács (specific borrowing language unknown)

Agent noun from *tъkati (“to weave”) + *-ačь.


myti

mỳti (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
mytьje (noun-from-verb)
myti (infinitive)
mytъ (supine)
mylъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
mytъ (participle passive past)
myjemъ (participle passive present)
myvъ (active participle past)
myję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
myxъ (aorist first-person singular)
my (aorist second-person singular)
my (aorist singular third-person)
myjǫ (first-person present singular)
myješi (present second-person singular)
myjetь (present singular third-person)
myxově (aorist dual first-person)
mysta (aorist dual second-person)
myste (aorist dual third-person)
myjevě (dual first-person present)
myjeta (dual present second-person)
myjete (dual present third-person)
myxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
myste (aorist plural second-person)
myšę (aorist plural third-person)
myjemъ (first-person plural present)
myjete (plural present second-person)
myjǫtь (plural present third-person)
myjaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
myjaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
myjaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
myji (imperative second-person singular)
myji (imperative singular third-person)
myjaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
myjaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
myjaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
myjivě (dual first-person imperative)
myjita (dual imperative second-person)
myjaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
myjaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
myjaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
myjimъ (first-person imperative plural)
myjite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мꙑти (myti)

Belarusian: мыць (mycʹ)

Russian: мыть (mytʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: мыти (mŷty)

Ukrainian: ми́ти (mýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: мꙑти (myti)

Glagolitic script: ⰿⱏⰹⱅⰻ (myti)

Macedonian: мие (mie)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ми̏ти

Latin script: mȉti

Slovene: míti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mýti

Czech: mýt

Old Polish: myć

Polish: myć

Silesian: myć

Polabian: moit

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: mëc

Slovincian: mëc

Slovak: mуť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: myć

Lower Sorbian: myś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *m(a)ūˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *muH- (<*miuH-) and cognate with Lithuanian maudyti, Latgalian maut, Latin moveo, and Sanskrit मीवति (mī́vati, “move, push”) according to Derksen (2008: 338) (see Proto-Indo-European *m(y)ewh₁- (“to move”)). According to Pokorny 741-743, from a Proto-Indo-European *mew- (“wet, damp, to wash”).


ostroga

ostroga (nominative singular)
ostrodzě (dual nominative)
ostrogy (nominative plural)
ostrogy (genitive singular)
ostrogu (dual genitive)
ostrogъ (genitive plural)
ostrodzě (dative singular)
ostrogama (dative dual)
ostrogamъ (dative plural)
ostrogǫ (accusative singular)
ostrodzě (accusative dual)
ostrogy (accusative plural)
ostrogojǫ (instrumental singular)
ostrogǫ (instrumental singular)
ostrogama (dual instrumental)
ostrogami (instrumental plural)
ostrodzě (locative singular)
ostrogu (dual locative)
ostrogasъ (locative plural)
ostrogaxъ (locative plural)
ostrogo (singular vocative)
ostrodzě (dual vocative)
ostrogy (plural vocative)
*ostrogъ (alternative)

East Slavic:

desc

⇒ Old East Slavic: острогатъ (ostrogatŭ)

Russian: остро́г (ostróg), острога́ (ostrogá), остро́га (ostróga) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: остро́га (ostróha)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̏струга

Latin script: ȍstruga

Slovene: ostróga (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: ostroh, ostruha

Polabian: våstrügă

Old Polish: ostroga

Polish: ostroga

Old Slovak: ostroha

Slovak: ostroh, ostroha

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wótšog, wótšoga

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: ösztöke


dupę

dupę (nominative singular)
dupęti (dual nominative)
dupęta (nominative plural)
dupęte (genitive singular)
dupętu (dual genitive)
dupętъ (genitive plural)
dupęti (dative singular)
dupętьma (dative dual)
dupętьmъ (dative plural)
dupę (accusative singular)
dupęti (accusative dual)
dupęta (accusative plural)
dupętьmь (instrumental singular)
dupętьma (dual instrumental)
dupęty (instrumental plural)
dupęte (locative singular)
dupętu (dual locative)
dupętьxъ (locative plural)
dupę (singular vocative)
dupęti (dual vocative)
dupęta (plural vocative)


prǫtъ

prǫ̑tъ (canonical masculine)
prǫ̑tъ (nominative singular)
prǫ̑ta (dual nominative)
prǫ̑ti (nominative plural)
prǫ̑ta (genitive singular)
prǫtù (dual genitive)
prǫ̃tъ (genitive plural)
prǫ̑tu (dative singular)
prǫtomà (dative dual)
prǫtòmъ (dative plural)
prǫ̑tъ (accusative singular)
prǫ̑ta (accusative dual)
prǫ̑ty (accusative plural)
prǫ̑tъmь (instrumental singular)
prǫ̑tomь (instrumental singular)
prǫtomà (dual instrumental)
prǫtý (instrumental plural)
prǫ̑tě (locative singular)
prǫtù (dual locative)
prǫtě̃xъ (locative plural)
prǫte (singular vocative)
prǫ̑ta (dual vocative)
prǫ̑ti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: прут (prut)

Russian: прут (prut)

Carpathian Rusyn: прут (prut)

Ukrainian: прут (prut)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: прѫтъ (prǫtŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⱃⱘⱅⱏ (prǫtŭ)

Bulgarian: прът (prǎt), прънт (prǎnt) (dialectal)

Macedonian: прат (prat)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пру̑т

Latin script: prȗt

Slovene: prọ̑t (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: prut

Czech: prut

Kashubian: prãt

Polabian: prǫt

Polish: pręt

Slovak: prút

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pšut

Upper Sorbian: prut

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)per- (“to spring, to sprout”) + *-ǫtъ, related to Proto-Slavic *prędati (“to lead”), Proto-Germanic *sprintaną (“to prance”).
Vasmer and Machek suggest original meaning leap → shoot, sprout with similar semantic shift as Russian побе́г (pobég, “flight; fig. sprout”). Possibly related to Proto-Slavic *prytь (“outbreak”), Proto-Germanic *sprutô (“sprout”).


dumati

dumanьje (noun-from-verb)
dumati (infinitive)
dumatъ (supine)
dumalъ (l-participle)
dumanъ (participle passive past)
dumajemъ (participle passive present)
dumavъ (active participle past)
dumaję (active participle present)
dumaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
duma (aorist second-person singular)
duma (aorist singular third-person)
dumajǫ (first-person present singular)
dumaješi (present second-person singular)
dumajetь (present singular third-person)
dumaxově (aorist dual first-person)
dumasta (aorist dual second-person)
dumaste (aorist dual third-person)
dumajevě (dual first-person present)
dumajeta (dual present second-person)
dumajete (dual present third-person)
dumaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dumaste (aorist plural second-person)
dumašę (aorist plural third-person)
dumajemъ (first-person plural present)
dumajete (plural present second-person)
dumajǫtь (plural present third-person)
dumaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dumaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dumaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dumaji (imperative second-person singular)
dumaji (imperative singular third-person)
dumaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dumaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dumaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dumajivě (dual first-person imperative)
dumajita (dual imperative second-person)
dumaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dumaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dumaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dumajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dumajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: думати (dumati)

Belarusian: ду́маць (dúmacʹ)

Russian: ду́мать (dúmatʹ)

Ukrainian: ду́мати (dúmaty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ду́мам (dúmam, “I say”)

Macedonian: дума (duma) (archaic)

Serbo-Croatian:

desc

Cyrillic script: ду̏мати (“to think, to dream (of)”)

Latin script: dȕmati (“to think, to dream (of)”)

West Slavic:

Czech: dumat (“to muse”)

Polish: dumać (“to muse, to ponder”)

Old Slovak: dumať

Pannonian Rusyn: думац (dumac)

→ Latvian: domāt (“to think, to suppose”)

Origin disputed, theory of Germanic borrowing is not confirmed and heavily contested.
Either from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”), akin to Proto-Slavic *duti (“to blow, to inflate”), *dymъ (“smoke”) or
a loan from a reflex of Proto-Germanic *dōmijaną (“to judge, think”), or derived from *duma, nonetheless from Germanic. The exact donor language cannot be ascertained.


krikъ

krȋkъ (canonical masculine)
krȋkъ (nominative singular)
krȋka (dual nominative)
krȋci (nominative plural)
krȋka (genitive singular)
krikù (dual genitive)
krĩkъ (genitive plural)
krȋku (dative singular)
krikomà (dative dual)
krikòmъ (dative plural)
krȋkъ (accusative singular)
krȋka (accusative dual)
krȋky (accusative plural)
krȋkъmь (instrumental singular)
krȋkomь (instrumental singular)
krikomà (dual instrumental)
kriký (instrumental plural)
krȋcě (locative singular)
krikù (dual locative)
kricě̃xъ (locative plural)
kriče (singular vocative)
krȋka (dual vocative)
krȋci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: крикъ (krikŭ)

Belarusian: крык (kryk)

Russian: крик (krik)

Ukrainian: крик (kryk)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: крикъ (krikŭ)

Macedonian: крик (krik)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кри̑к

Latin script: krȉk

Slovene: krȋk (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: krzëk, krzik

Old Czech: křik

Czech: křik

Moravian (Mistřice): křik

Old Polish: krzyk

Polish: krzyk

Silesian: krzik

Slovak: krik

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: křik

Lower Sorbian: kśik

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreik-, ultimately of onomatopoeic origin. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *hraigrô (“heron”), Welsh crëyr (“heron”), Ancient Greek κρίζω (krízō, “to creak, screech”), Latvian krikа (“laughing”).


xapati

xāpàti (canonical imperfective)
xapnǫti (perfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
xapanьje (noun-from-verb)
xapati (infinitive)
xapatъ (supine)
xapalъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
xapanъ (participle passive past)
xapľemъ (participle passive present)
xapavъ (active participle past)
xapľę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
xapaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
xapa (aorist second-person singular)
xapa (aorist singular third-person)
xapľǫ (first-person present singular)
xapľeši (present second-person singular)
xapľetь (present singular third-person)
xapaxově (aorist dual first-person)
xapasta (aorist dual second-person)
xapaste (aorist dual third-person)
xapľevě (dual first-person present)
xapľeta (dual present second-person)
xapľete (dual present third-person)
xapaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
xapaste (aorist plural second-person)
xapašę (aorist plural third-person)
xapľemъ (first-person plural present)
xapľete (plural present second-person)
xapľǫtь (plural present third-person)
xapaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
xapaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
xapaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
xapľi (imperative second-person singular)
xapľi (imperative singular third-person)
xapaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
xapaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
xapaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
xapľivě (dual first-person imperative)
xapľita (dual imperative second-person)
xapaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
xapaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
xapaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
xapľimъ (first-person imperative plural)
xapľite (imperative plural second-person)
b (accent-paradigm)
xapanьje (noun-from-verb)
xapati (infinitive)
xapatъ (supine)
xapalъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
xapanъ (participle passive past)
xapajemъ (participle passive present)
xapavъ (active participle past)
xapaję (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
xapaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
xapa (aorist second-person singular)
xapa (aorist singular third-person)
xapajǫ (first-person present singular)
xapaješi (present second-person singular)
xapajetь (present singular third-person)
xapaxově (aorist dual first-person)
xapasta (aorist dual second-person)
xapaste (aorist dual third-person)
xapajevě (dual first-person present)
xapajeta (dual present second-person)
xapajete (dual present third-person)
xapaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
xapaste (aorist plural second-person)
xapašę (aorist plural third-person)
xapajemъ (first-person plural present)
xapajete (plural present second-person)
xapajǫtь (plural present third-person)
xapaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
xapaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
xapaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
xapaji (imperative second-person singular)
xapaji (imperative singular third-person)
xapaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
xapaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
xapaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
xapajivě (dual first-person imperative)
xapajita (dual imperative second-person)
xapaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
xapaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
xapaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
xapajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
xapajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: хапати (xapati, “to seize, to bite, to sting, to trample”) (11th century; accent paradigm b)

Belarusian: хапа́ць (xapácʹ, “to grab”)

Russian: ха́пать (xápatʹ, “to seize, to grab”)

Ukrainian: хапа́ти (xapáty, “to seize, to steal, to grab”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: хапати (xapati, “to bite”), хапьѭще (xapĭjǫšte, “(while) biting”, nom. masc. pl. pres. act. part.)

Bulgarian: ха́пя (hápja, “to bite”)

Macedonian: апе (ape, “to bite”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: апати (“to bite, to sting”) (dialectal)

Latin script: apati (“to bite, to sting”) (dialectal)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: hȃpati (“to snap, (reflexive) to seize”) (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desc

Czech: chápat (“to grasp, to understand, to seize”)

desctree

Polish: chapać (“to seize”)
→ Yiddish: כאַפּן (khapn)

Slovak: сháраť (“to understand”)

Slovincian: chapac (“to seize”)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: chapjaś

Onomatopoeic. Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *kʰap-, but it is nowadays reconstructed as *keh₂p- and would therefore be a separate onomatopoeia.
Morphologically, could be an intensive form of Proto-Slavic *xopiti (“to grab”) (with enlonged grade) + *-jeti.

to seize, to snatch, to snap (in West, East Slavic; Slovene)


berďь

bèrďь (canonical)
berďь (masculine nominative singular)
berďa (feminine nominative singular)
berďe (neuter nominative singular)
berďa (genitive masculine singular)
berďę̇ (feminine genitive singular)
berďa (genitive neuter singular)
berďu (dative masculine singular)
berďi (dative feminine singular)
berďu (dative neuter singular)
berďь (accusative masculine singular)
berďǫ (accusative feminine singular)
berďe (accusative neuter singular)
berďemь (instrumental masculine singular)
berďejǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
berďemь (instrumental neuter singular)
berďi (locative masculine singular)
berďi (feminine locative singular)
berďi (locative neuter singular)
berďu (masculine singular vocative)
berďe (feminine singular vocative)
berďe (neuter singular vocative)
berďa (dual masculine nominative)
berďi (dual feminine nominative)
berďi (dual neuter nominative)
berďu (dual genitive masculine)
berďu (dual feminine genitive)
berďu (dual genitive neuter)
berďema (dative dual masculine)
berďama (dative dual feminine)
berďema (dative dual neuter)
berďa (accusative dual masculine)
berďi (accusative dual feminine)
berďi (accusative dual neuter)
berďema (dual instrumental masculine)
berďama (dual feminine instrumental)
berďema (dual instrumental neuter)
berďu (dual locative masculine)
berďu (dual feminine locative)
berďu (dual locative neuter)
berďa (dual masculine vocative)
berďi (dual feminine vocative)
berďi (dual neuter vocative)
berďi (masculine nominative plural)
berďę̇ (feminine nominative plural)
berďa (neuter nominative plural)
berďь (genitive masculine plural)
berďь (feminine genitive plural)
berďь (genitive neuter plural)
berďemъ (dative masculine plural)
berďamъ (dative feminine plural)
berďemъ (dative neuter plural)
berďę̇ (accusative masculine plural)
berďę̇ (accusative feminine plural)
berďa (accusative neuter plural)
berďi (instrumental masculine plural)
berďami (feminine instrumental plural)
berďi (instrumental neuter plural)
berďixъ (locative masculine plural)
berďaxъ (feminine locative plural)
berďixъ (locative neuter plural)
berďi (masculine plural vocative)
berďę̇ (feminine plural vocative)
berďa (neuter plural vocative)
berďьjь (masculine nominative singular)
berďaja (feminine nominative singular)
berďeje (neuter nominative singular)
berďajego (genitive masculine singular)
berďę̇ję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
berďajego (genitive neuter singular)
berďujemu (dative masculine singular)
berďiji (dative feminine singular)
berďujemu (dative neuter singular)
berďьjь (accusative masculine singular)
berďǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
berďeje (accusative neuter singular)
berďijimь (instrumental masculine singular)
berďǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
berďijimь (instrumental neuter singular)
berďijemь (locative masculine singular)
berďiji (feminine locative singular)
berďijemь (locative neuter singular)
berďьjь (masculine singular vocative)
berďaja (feminine singular vocative)
berďeje (neuter singular vocative)
berďaja (dual masculine nominative)
berďiji (dual feminine nominative)
berďiji (dual neuter nominative)
berďuju (dual genitive masculine)
berďuju (dual feminine genitive)
berďuju (dual genitive neuter)
berďijima (dative dual masculine)
berďijima (dative dual feminine)
berďijima (dative dual neuter)
berďaja (accusative dual masculine)
berďiji (accusative dual feminine)
berďiji (accusative dual neuter)
berďijima (dual instrumental masculine)
berďijima (dual feminine instrumental)
berďijima (dual instrumental neuter)
berďuju (dual locative masculine)
berďuju (dual feminine locative)
berďuju (dual locative neuter)
berďaja (dual masculine vocative)
berďiji (dual feminine vocative)
berďiji (dual neuter vocative)
berďiji (masculine nominative plural)
berďę̇ję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
berďaja (neuter nominative plural)
berďьjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
berďьjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
berďьjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
berďijimъ (dative masculine plural)
berďijimъ (dative feminine plural)
berďijimъ (dative neuter plural)
berďę̇ję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
berďę̇ję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
berďaja (accusative neuter plural)
berďijimi (instrumental masculine plural)
berďijimi (feminine instrumental plural)
berďijimi (instrumental neuter plural)
berďijixъ (locative masculine plural)
berďijixъ (feminine locative plural)
berďijixъ (locative neuter plural)
berďiji (masculine plural vocative)
berďę̇ję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
berďaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: бережая (berežaja)

Ukrainian: бережа (bereža)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: брѣжда (brěžda)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бређа

Latin script: bređa

Slovene: brẹ́ja (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: břězí

Czech: březí

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *berˀdjāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerh₁dyeh₂ (or *bʰerh₁deh₂ + *-j-), from *bʰer- (“to bear (give birth to)”) + *-d-.
Compare Lithuanian ber̃ždžias (“barren (of a cow)”), ber̃gždžias (“barren (of a cow)”), Latin fordus (“pregnant”) (< *foridos), forda.


zajęcь

zàję̄cь (canonical masculine)
*zàjьcь (alternative)
zàję̄cь (nominative singular)
zàję̄ca (dual nominative)
zàję̄ci (nominative plural)
zàję̄ca (genitive singular)
zàję̄cu (dual genitive)
zàję̄cь (genitive plural)
zàję̄cu (dative singular)
zàję̄cema (dative dual)
zàję̄cēmъ (dative plural)
zàję̄cь (accusative singular)
zàję̄ca (accusative dual)
zàję̄cę̇ (accusative plural)
zàję̄cьmь (instrumental singular)
zàję̄cemь (instrumental singular)
zàję̄cema (dual instrumental)
zàję̄cī (instrumental plural)
zàję̄ci (locative singular)
zàję̄cu (dual locative)
zàję̄cīxъ (locative plural)
zàję̄če (singular vocative)
zàję̄ca (dual vocative)
zàję̄ci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: заѧць (zajęcĭ), заець (zajecĭ)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: за́ѧцъ (zájacʹ), за́єцъ (zájecʹ), за́ѧць (zájacʹ), за́єць (zájecʹ)
Belarusian: за́яц (zájac)
Carpathian Rusyn: за́яць (zájacʹ)
Ukrainian: за́єць (zájecʹ); за́яць (zájacʹ), за́яєць (zájajecʹ) (dialectal)

desc

Middle Russian: за́ѧцъ (zájac), за́ецъ (zájec)

Russian: за́яц (zájac); за́ец (zájec) (dialect); зай (zaj) (Pskov dialect)

Old Novgorodian: ꙁаѩць (zajęćĭ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: заѩць (zajęcĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰸⰰⱗⱌⱐ (zajęcĭ)

Bulgarian: за́ец (záec) (obsolete), за́ек (záek); dial. зо́ек (zóek), зо́як (zójak) (Torlak dialects), за́енц (záenc) (dialectal)

Macedonian: зајак (zajak)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: зе̑ц, за̀јац

Latin script: zȇc, zàjac

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: zȃjəc, zẹ̑c (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: zajiec

Czech: zajíc

Bohemian (Chod dialect): zajíc

Kashubian: zajc

Polabian: zojąc

Old Polish: zając

Polish: zając

Old Slovak: zajac

Pannonian Rusyn: заяц (zajac)

Slovak: zajac

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: zajac

Lower Sorbian: zajec (dialectal)

From an earlier *zajękъ (still reflected in Bulgarian and Macedonian), via progressive palatalization. Possibly inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źṓjinkas, cognate with dial. Lithuanian zui̇̃kis < *zuojįkas (however, not Latvian zaķis, which looks like a Slavic borrowing). Further origin uncertain:
* Mladenov, Vasmer, Snoj: Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰey-, *ǵʰeh₂y- (“to dash, to hurtle, to hop”), akin to Lithuanian žai̇̃sti (“to play around”) and Old Armenian ձի (ji, “horse”), Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰáyas (< Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéyos). From the same root may also be Proto-Germanic *gaits (“goat”), Latin haedus (“buck”).
* Löwenthal: From Proto-Indo-European *ǵeh₂- (“to nourish, earth”) whence Ancient Greek γῆ (gê, “Earth”) (possibly Ancient Greek γᾰ́λᾰ (gắlă)). Dismissed by Vasmer.
* From a substrate language, if the Baltic cognates and their irregularities are to be taken seriously.
Shares ending with Proto-Slavic *měsęcь (“month”), *koręcь (“root”), probably resultant from a k-extension over an older n-stem. Further attested in animal names: e.g. Bulgarian пуяк ~ пуек (pujak ~ puek, “male fowl”), суяк ~ суек (sujak ~ suek, “ground squirrel”), dial. козяк ~ козек (kozjak ~ kozek, “buck”); and in diminutives: e.g. Bulgarian ма́лечко (málečko), па́лечко (pálečko) < мале (male), пале (pale) + *-ęč-ьko.

cog

Marko Snoj
ru:Черных, Павел Яковлевич


gъdьlъ

gъdьlъ (nominative singular)
gъdьla (dual nominative)
gъdьli (nominative plural)
gъdьla (genitive singular)
gъdьlu (dual genitive)
gъdьlъ (genitive plural)
gъdьlu (dative singular)
gъdьloma (dative dual)
gъdьlomъ (dative plural)
gъdьlъ (accusative singular)
gъdьla (accusative dual)
gъdьly (accusative plural)
gъdьlъmь (instrumental singular)
gъdьlomь (instrumental singular)
gъdьloma (dual instrumental)
gъdьly (instrumental plural)
gъdьlě (locative singular)
gъdьlu (dual locative)
gъdьlěxъ (locative plural)
gъdьle (singular vocative)
gъdьla (dual vocative)
gъdьli (plural vocative)

East Slavic: —

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: гъ́дел (gǎ́del)

Macedonian: гадел (gadel) (dialectal)

West Slavic: — (see related term)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gudilas, from Proto-Indo-European *geyd- (“to sting; prick; tickle”). Cognate with Lithuanian kùtinti, Latvian kutinât, Proto-Germanic *kitilōną (“to tickle”).


gъdьliti

gъdьľenьje (noun-from-verb)
gъdьliti (infinitive)
gъdьlitъ (supine)
gъdьlilъ (l-participle)
gъdьľenъ (participle passive past)
gъdьlimъ (participle passive present)
gъdьľь (active participle past)
gъdьlę (active participle present)
gъdьlixъ (aorist first-person singular)
gъdьli (aorist second-person singular)
gъdьli (aorist singular third-person)
gъdьľǫ (first-person present singular)
gъdьliši (present second-person singular)
gъdьlitь (present singular third-person)
gъdьlixově (aorist dual first-person)
gъdьlista (aorist dual second-person)
gъdьliste (aorist dual third-person)
gъdьlivě (dual first-person present)
gъdьlita (dual present second-person)
gъdьlite (dual present third-person)
gъdьlixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gъdьliste (aorist plural second-person)
gъdьlišę (aorist plural third-person)
gъdьlimъ (first-person plural present)
gъdьlite (plural present second-person)
gъdьlętь (plural present third-person)
gъdьľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gъdьľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gъdьľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gъdьli (imperative second-person singular)
gъdьli (imperative singular third-person)
gъdьľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gъdьľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gъdьľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gъdьlivě (dual first-person imperative)
gъdьlita (dual imperative second-person)
gъdьľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gъdьľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gъdьľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gъdьlimъ (first-person imperative plural)
gъdьlite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: гъдели́чкам (gǎdelíčkam)

West Slavic:

Polish: gidlić, gildzić, gyglać

From *gъdьlъ + *-iti, supposed to be from Proto-Indo-European *geyd- (“to sting, to tickle”).