koriti

korìti (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
kořenьje (noun-from-verb)
koriti (infinitive)
koritъ (supine)
korilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
kořenъ (participle passive past)
korimъ (participle passive present)
kořь (active participle past)
korę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
korixъ (aorist first-person singular)
kori (aorist second-person singular)
kori (aorist singular third-person)
kořǫ (first-person present singular)
koriši (present second-person singular)
koritь (present singular third-person)
korixově (aorist dual first-person)
korista (aorist dual second-person)
koriste (aorist dual third-person)
korivě (dual first-person present)
korita (dual present second-person)
korite (dual present third-person)
korixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
koriste (aorist plural second-person)
korišę (aorist plural third-person)
korimъ (first-person plural present)
korite (plural present second-person)
korętь (plural present third-person)
kořaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kořaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kořaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kori (imperative second-person singular)
kori (imperative singular third-person)
kořaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kořaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kořaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
korivě (dual first-person imperative)
korita (dual imperative second-person)
kořaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kořaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kořaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
korimъ (first-person imperative plural)
korite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: корити (koriti)

Belarusian: кары́ць (karýcʹ)

Russian: кори́ть (korítʹ)

Ukrainian: кори́ти (korýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: корити (koriti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: коря́ (korjá)

Macedonian: кори (kori)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ко̀рити

Latin script: kòriti

Slovene: korīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kořiti

Czech: kořit

Polish: korzyć

Slovak: koriť

Slovincian: kôrzëc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: korić (usually pokorić)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kar-, from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂er-. Cognate with Lithuanian káirinti (“to provoke”) (with secondary ablaut), Latvian kaĩrinât, karinât (“to tease, to irritate”), Latin carināre (“to use abusive language”), Old High German harawēn (“to mock”), Ancient Greek κάρνη (kárnē, “damage, loss”) (Hesychius), Old Irish caire (“blame”).


slota

slota (nominative singular)
slotě (dual nominative)
sloty (nominative plural)
sloty (genitive singular)
slotu (dual genitive)
slotъ (genitive plural)
slotě (dative singular)
slotama (dative dual)
slotamъ (dative plural)
slotǫ (accusative singular)
slotě (accusative dual)
sloty (accusative plural)
slotojǫ (instrumental singular)
slotǫ (instrumental singular)
slotama (dual instrumental)
slotami (instrumental plural)
slotě (locative singular)
slotu (dual locative)
slotasъ (locative plural)
slotaxъ (locative plural)
sloto (singular vocative)
slotě (dual vocative)
sloty (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: слота (slota)

Belarusian: сло́та (slóta)

Russian: сло́та (slóta)

desc

Ukrainian: сло́та́ (slótá), сльота́ (slʹotá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Serbian Church Slavonic слота (slota)

Bulgarian: сло́та (slóta)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сло̏та

Slovene: slóta (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: slota

Czech: slota

Polish: słota

Slovak: slota

Non-Slavic

→ Albanian: sqotë

→ Romanian: zloată

Cognates include Lithuanian šlapias and Persian سرد (sard).


drobiti

drobìti (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
drobľenьje (noun-from-verb)
drobiti (infinitive)
drobitъ (supine)
drobilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
drobľenъ (participle passive past)
drobimъ (participle passive present)
drobľь (active participle past)
drobę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
drobixъ (aorist first-person singular)
drobi (aorist second-person singular)
drobi (aorist singular third-person)
drobľǫ (first-person present singular)
drobiši (present second-person singular)
drobitь (present singular third-person)
drobixově (aorist dual first-person)
drobista (aorist dual second-person)
drobiste (aorist dual third-person)
drobivě (dual first-person present)
drobita (dual present second-person)
drobite (dual present third-person)
drobixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
drobiste (aorist plural second-person)
drobišę (aorist plural third-person)
drobimъ (first-person plural present)
drobite (plural present second-person)
drobętь (plural present third-person)
drobľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
drobľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
drobľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
drobi (imperative second-person singular)
drobi (imperative singular third-person)
drobľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
drobľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
drobľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
drobivě (dual first-person imperative)
drobita (dual imperative second-person)
drobľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
drobľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
drobľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
drobimъ (first-person imperative plural)
drobite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: дроби́ть (drobítʹ)

Ukrainian: дроби́ти (drobýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: дробити (drobiti)

Glagolitic script: ⰴⱃⱁⰱⰻⱅⰻ (drobiti)

Bulgarian: дробя́ (drobjá)

Macedonian: дроби (drobi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дро̀бити

Latin script: dròbiti

Slovene: drobīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: drobiti

Czech: drobit

Polish: drobić

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: drobic

Slovincian: drôbjic

Slovak: drobiť

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰreb- (“to grind; crush; kill”), attested only in Northern PIE (Germanic and Balto-Slavic), see also Lithuanian drėbti (“to strike”), Latvian drêbt (“to beat”).


stradati

stradanьje (noun-from-verb)
stradati (infinitive)
stradatъ (supine)
stradalъ (l-participle)
stradanъ (participle passive past)
stradajemъ (participle passive present)
stradavъ (active participle past)
stradaję (active participle present)
stradaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
strada (aorist second-person singular)
strada (aorist singular third-person)
stradajǫ (first-person present singular)
stradaješi (present second-person singular)
stradajetь (present singular third-person)
stradaxově (aorist dual first-person)
stradasta (aorist dual second-person)
stradaste (aorist dual third-person)
stradajevě (dual first-person present)
stradajeta (dual present second-person)
stradajete (dual present third-person)
stradaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
stradaste (aorist plural second-person)
stradašę (aorist plural third-person)
stradajemъ (first-person plural present)
stradajete (plural present second-person)
stradajǫtь (plural present third-person)
stradaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
stradaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
stradaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
stradaji (imperative second-person singular)
stradaji (imperative singular third-person)
stradaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
stradaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
stradaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
stradajivě (dual first-person imperative)
stradajita (dual imperative second-person)
stradaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
stradaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
stradaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
stradajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
stradajite (imperative plural second-person)
stradanьje (noun-from-verb)
stradati (infinitive)
stradatъ (supine)
stradalъ (l-participle)
stradanъ (participle passive past)
straďemъ (participle passive present)
stradavъ (active participle past)
straďę (active participle present)
stradaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
strada (aorist second-person singular)
strada (aorist singular third-person)
straďǫ (first-person present singular)
straďeši (present second-person singular)
straďetь (present singular third-person)
stradaxově (aorist dual first-person)
stradasta (aorist dual second-person)
stradaste (aorist dual third-person)
straďevě (dual first-person present)
straďeta (dual present second-person)
straďete (dual present third-person)
stradaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
stradaste (aorist plural second-person)
stradašę (aorist plural third-person)
straďemъ (first-person plural present)
straďete (plural present second-person)
straďǫtь (plural present third-person)
stradaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
stradaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
stradaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
straďi (imperative second-person singular)
straďi (imperative singular third-person)
stradaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
stradaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
stradaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
straďivě (dual first-person imperative)
straďita (dual imperative second-person)
stradaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
stradaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
stradaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
straďimъ (first-person imperative plural)
straďite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic

Old East Slavic: страдати (stradati)

Russian: страда́ть (stradátʹ) (see there for further descendants)

Ukrainian: страда́ти (stradáty)

⇒ Ukrainian: стражда́ти (straždáty)

South Slavic

desc

Old Church Slavonic: страдати (stradati)

Bulgarian: стра́дам (strádam)

Macedonian: страда (strada)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: стра́дати

Latin script: strádati

Slovene: strádati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic

Old Czech: strádati

Czech: strádat

desctree

Old Polish: stradać
Polish: (obsolete) stradać

Slovak: strádať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: tšadaś

Upper Sorbian: tradać

Non-Slavic

→ Latvian: strādāt

→ Romanian: strădui

(ambitransitive) to bear, to endure, to suffer


zaraza

zaraza (nominative singular)
zarazě (dual nominative)
zarazy (nominative plural)
zarazy (genitive singular)
zarazu (dual genitive)
zarazъ (genitive plural)
zarazě (dative singular)
zarazama (dative dual)
zarazamъ (dative plural)
zarazǫ (accusative singular)
zarazě (accusative dual)
zarazy (accusative plural)
zarazojǫ (instrumental singular)
zarazǫ (instrumental singular)
zarazama (dual instrumental)
zarazami (instrumental plural)
zarazě (locative singular)
zarazu (dual locative)
zarazasъ (locative plural)
zarazaxъ (locative plural)
zarazo (singular vocative)
zarazě (dual vocative)
zarazy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old Ruthenian: зара́за (zaráza)

Belarusian: зара́за (zaráza)

⇒ Ukrainian: зараження (zaražennja)

Russian: зара́за (zaráza)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: зараза (zaraza, “hindrance”)

Bulgarian: зара́за (zaráza)

Macedonian: зараза (zaraza)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: за̑раза

Latin script: zȃraza

West Slavic:

Polish: zaraza

Formed as *za- + *raziti (“to pound, to bounce”) + *-a.

→ (by extension) obstacle, hindrance


obuti

obuvati (imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
obutьje (noun-from-verb)
obuti (infinitive)
obutъ (supine)
obulъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
obutъ (participle passive past)
obuvъ (active participle past)
a (accent-paradigm)
obuxъ (aorist first-person singular)
obu (aorist second-person singular)
obu (aorist singular third-person)
obujǫ (first-person present singular)
obuješi (present second-person singular)
obujetь (present singular third-person)
obuxově (aorist dual first-person)
obusta (aorist dual second-person)
obuste (aorist dual third-person)
obujevě (dual first-person present)
obujeta (dual present second-person)
obujete (dual present third-person)
obuxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
obuste (aorist plural second-person)
obušę (aorist plural third-person)
obujemъ (first-person plural present)
obujete (plural present second-person)
obujǫtь (plural present third-person)
obuji (imperative second-person singular)
obuji (imperative singular third-person)
obujivě (dual first-person imperative)
obujita (dual imperative second-person)
obujimъ (first-person imperative plural)
obujite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: обути (obuti)

Old Ruthenian: обу́ти (obúti)

Belarusian: абу́ць (abúcʹ)

Ukrainian: обу́ти (obúty)

Russian: обу́ть (obútʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: обути (obuti)

Glagolitic script: ⱁⰱⱆⱅⰻ (obuti)

Bulgarian: обу́я (obúja)

Macedonian: обуе (obue)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̀бути

Latin script: òbuti

Slovene: obúti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: obúti

Czech: obout

Bohemian (Chod dialect): vobout

Moravian (Mistřice): obut

Old Polish: obuć

Polish: obuć

Slovak: obuť

Slovincian: wôbúc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wobuć

Lower Sorbian: wobuś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *apauti. From *ob (“around, against”) + *uti (“to put on footwear”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *áutei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ew- (“to adorn, wear”). Cognate with Lithuanian aũti (“to put on footwear”), 1sg. Lithuanian aunù, Latvian àut (“to put on footwear”), and further with Latin induere (“to put on clothes”), Latin exuere (“to take off clothes”), Hittite [script needed] (unu-, “to adorn; to set (a table)”).


obuvati

obuvanьje (noun-from-verb)
obuvati (infinitive)
obuvatъ (supine)
obuvalъ (l-participle)
obuvanъ (participle passive past)
obuvajemъ (participle passive present)
obuvavъ (active participle past)
obuvaję (active participle present)
obuvaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
obuva (aorist second-person singular)
obuva (aorist singular third-person)
obuvajǫ (first-person present singular)
obuvaješi (present second-person singular)
obuvajetь (present singular third-person)
obuvaxově (aorist dual first-person)
obuvasta (aorist dual second-person)
obuvaste (aorist dual third-person)
obuvajevě (dual first-person present)
obuvajeta (dual present second-person)
obuvajete (dual present third-person)
obuvaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
obuvaste (aorist plural second-person)
obuvašę (aorist plural third-person)
obuvajemъ (first-person plural present)
obuvajete (plural present second-person)
obuvajǫtь (plural present third-person)
obuvaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
obuvaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
obuvaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
obuvaji (imperative second-person singular)
obuvaji (imperative singular third-person)
obuvaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
obuvaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
obuvaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
obuvajivě (dual first-person imperative)
obuvajita (dual imperative second-person)
obuvaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
obuvaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
obuvaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
obuvajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
obuvajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: обувати (obuvati)

Old Ruthenian: обувати (obuvati)

Belarusian: абува́ць (abuvácʹ)

Ukrainian: обува́ти (obuváty)

Russian: обува́ть (obuvátʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: обувати (obuvati)

Glagolitic script: ⱁⰱⱆⰲⰰⱅⰻ (obuvati)

Bulgarian: обу́вам (obúvam)

Macedonian: обува (obuva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: обу́вати

Latin script: obúvati

Slovene: obúvati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: obúvati

Czech: obouvat

Old Polish: obuwać

Polish: obuwać (archaic)

Slovincian: wôbúwac

Slovak: obúvať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wobuwać

Lower Sorbian: wobuwaś


jara

jara (nominative singular)
jarě (dual nominative)
jary (nominative plural)
jary (genitive singular)
jaru (dual genitive)
jarъ (genitive plural)
jarě (dative singular)
jarama (dative dual)
jaramъ (dative plural)
jarǫ (accusative singular)
jarě (accusative dual)
jary (accusative plural)
jarojǫ (instrumental singular)
jarǫ (instrumental singular)
jarama (dual instrumental)
jarami (instrumental plural)
jarě (locative singular)
jaru (dual locative)
jarasъ (locative plural)
jaraxъ (locative plural)
jaro (singular vocative)
jarě (dual vocative)
jary (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ꙗра (jara)

South Slavic:

Church Slavonic: ꙗра (jara) (Russian recension)

Bulgarian: яра́ (jará); йара (jara) (dialectal)

Macedonian: јара (jara)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ја̏ра

Latin script: jȁra


pertiti

pertíti (canonical imperfective)
pertnǫti (perfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
perťenьje (noun-from-verb)
pertiti (infinitive)
pertitъ (supine)
pertilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
perťenъ (participle passive past)
pertimъ (participle passive present)
perťь (active participle past)
pertę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
pertixъ (aorist first-person singular)
perti (aorist second-person singular)
perti (aorist singular third-person)
perťǫ (first-person present singular)
pertiši (present second-person singular)
pertitь (present singular third-person)
pertixově (aorist dual first-person)
pertista (aorist dual second-person)
pertiste (aorist dual third-person)
pertivě (dual first-person present)
pertita (dual present second-person)
pertite (dual present third-person)
pertixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pertiste (aorist plural second-person)
pertišę (aorist plural third-person)
pertimъ (first-person plural present)
pertite (plural present second-person)
pertętь (plural present third-person)
perťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
perťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
perťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
perti (imperative second-person singular)
perti (imperative singular third-person)
perťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
perťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
perťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pertivě (dual first-person imperative)
pertita (dual imperative second-person)
perťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
perťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
perťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pertimъ (first-person imperative plural)
pertite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: прѣтити (prětiti)

→ Russian: прети́ть (pretítʹ)

desc

Bulgarian: претя (pretja, “to command, to order”) (obsolete)

⇒ Bulgarian: запретя̀вам (zapretjàvam) (literary)

Macedonian: пре́та (préta, “to move frenetically (when one is supposed to be still)”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пре́тити (“to threaten”), прије́тити

Latin script: prétiti (“to threaten”), prijétiti

Slovene: pretīti (“to threaten”)

West Slavic:

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: pśěśiś

Causative derivative of *pertъ (“trim, ordered”) + *-iti, commonly interpreted as a t-extension of Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to propel, forwards”).


skama

skama (nominative singular)
skamě (dual nominative)
skamy (nominative plural)
skamy (genitive singular)
skamu (dual genitive)
skamъ (genitive plural)
skamě (dative singular)
skamama (dative dual)
skamamъ (dative plural)
skamǫ (accusative singular)
skamě (accusative dual)
skamy (accusative plural)
skamojǫ (instrumental singular)
skamǫ (instrumental singular)
skamama (dual instrumental)
skamami (instrumental plural)
skamě (locative singular)
skamu (dual locative)
skamasъ (locative plural)
skamaxъ (locative plural)
skamo (singular vocative)
skamě (dual vocative)
skamy (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Middle Church Slavonic: скама (skama)

Bulgarian: ска́ма (skáma)

Macedonian: скама (skama)

Balkan Slavic isogloss of uncertain origin.
Supposed to be a loanword from Ancient Greek σκάμμα (skámma, “trench, pit with sand”), based on the presumption that it is related to the late borrowings скамак (skamak), скамай (skamaj, “sliver, roll of cotton”) from Greek σκαμάγγι (skamángi, “roll of cotton”). Additionally compared to Romanian scamă (“fuzz, lint, fluff”).
An alternative line of derivation relates it to Vulgar Latin scuma (“foam”), itself of Germanic origin, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *skūmaz (“froth, foam”).

noncog

foam or soapy, murky water (left after washing)


patrati

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *патрати (*patrati)

Old Ruthenian: *па́трати (*pátrati)

desc

Ukrainian: па́трати (pátraty) (dialectal)

Russian: па́трать (pátratʹ) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Czech: pátrat

Old Polish: patrzać

Polish: patrzać (rare), patrać (dialectal)

Old Slovak: pátrať

Pannonian Rusyn: патрац (patrac)

Slovak: pátrať

Slovincian: patrzac

(North Slavic) frequentative of *patriti

ru:Варбот, Жанна Жановна


pečivo

pečìvo (canonical neuter)
pečivo (nominative singular)
pečivě (dual nominative)
pečiva (nominative plural)
pečiva (genitive singular)
pečivu (dual genitive)
pečivъ (genitive plural)
pečivu (dative singular)
pečivoma (dative dual)
pečivomъ (dative plural)
pečivo (accusative singular)
pečivě (accusative dual)
pečiva (accusative plural)
pečivъmь (instrumental singular)
pečivomь (instrumental singular)
pečivoma (dual instrumental)
pečivy (instrumental plural)
pečivě (locative singular)
pečivu (dual locative)
pečivěxъ (locative plural)
pečivo (singular vocative)
pečivě (dual vocative)
pečiva (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: пе́чыва (pjéčyva)

Ukrainian: пе́чиво (péčyvo)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: печи́во (pečívo), пе́чиво (péčivo)

Macedonian: печиво (pečivo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пе̏цӣво

Latin script: pȅcīvo

Slovene: pecívo

West Slavic:

Czech: pečivo

Polish: pieczywo

Old Slovak: pečivo

Pannonian Rusyn: печиво (pečivo)

Slovak: pečivo

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: pječwo

Product/instrumental noun of *pekti (“to bake”) + *-ivo.

baked good (e.g. bread, bun, cookies, pastry)


moky

moky (nominative singular)
mokъvi (dual nominative)
mokъvi (nominative plural)
mokъve (genitive singular)
mokъvu (dual genitive)
mokъvъ (genitive plural)
mokъvi (dative singular)
mokъvьma (dative dual)
mokъvama (dative dual)
mokъvьmъ (dative plural)
mokъvamъ (dative plural)
mokъvь (accusative singular)
mokъvi (accusative dual)
mokъvi (accusative plural)
mokъvьjǫ (instrumental singular)
mokъvľǫ (instrumental singular)
mokъvьma (dual instrumental)
mokъvama (dual instrumental)
mokъvьmi (instrumental plural)
mokъvami (instrumental plural)
mokъve (locative singular)
mokъvu (dual locative)
mokъvьxъ (locative plural)
mokъvaxъ (locative plural)
moky (singular vocative)
mokъvi (dual vocative)
mokъvi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: моква́ (mokvá)

Russian: моква́ (mokvá) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

⇒ Old Czech: mokvati (“to ooze, exude, trickle”)

Czech: mokvati

Kashubian: Mokwa (surname)

Polish: mokwa (dialectal)

Slovak: mokva

⇒ Slovak: mokvať (“to soak, be wet”)


starati

sę (romanization)
staranьje (noun-from-verb)
starati (infinitive)
staratъ (supine)
staralъ (l-participle)
staranъ (participle passive past)
starajemъ (participle passive present)
staravъ (active participle past)
staraję (active participle present)
staraxъ (aorist first-person singular)
stara (aorist second-person singular)
stara (aorist singular third-person)
starajǫ (first-person present singular)
staraješi (present second-person singular)
starajetь (present singular third-person)
staraxově (aorist dual first-person)
starasta (aorist dual second-person)
staraste (aorist dual third-person)
starajevě (dual first-person present)
starajeta (dual present second-person)
starajete (dual present third-person)
staraxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
staraste (aorist plural second-person)
starašę (aorist plural third-person)
starajemъ (first-person plural present)
starajete (plural present second-person)
starajǫtь (plural present third-person)
staraaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
staraaše (imperfect second-person singular)
staraaše (imperfect singular third-person)
staraji (imperative second-person singular)
staraji (imperative singular third-person)
staraaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
staraašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
staraašete (dual imperfect third-person)
starajivě (dual first-person imperative)
starajita (dual imperative second-person)
staraaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
staraašete (imperfect plural second-person)
staraaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
starajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
starajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic

Belarusian: стара́цца (starácca)

Russian: стара́ться (starátʹsja)

Ukrainian: стара́тися (starátysja)

South Slavic

Bulgarian: стара́я се (starája se)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ста̏рати се

Latin script: stȁrati se

Slovene: stȃrati se (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: starati

Czech: starat

Slovak: starať

East Lechitic:

Polish: starać

Silesian: starać

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: starac

Slovincian: starac

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: staraś

Upper Sorbian: starać

Cognate with Lithuanian stari̇̀nti (“to pull with difficulty”) (1sg. starinù), Latvian starîgs (“zealous”), Old Prussian stūrnawiskan f (“seriousness, importance”, ins. sg.), Old English stierne (“serious, strict”), Latin sternāx (“absurd”), strēnuus (“active”), Ancient Greek στρηνής (strēnḗs, “hard, sharp”), στρῆνος (strênos, “force”).


teti

tepenьje (noun-from-verb)
teti (infinitive)
tetъ (supine)
teplъ (l-participle)
tepenъ (participle passive past)
tepomъ (participle passive present)
tepъ (active participle past)
tepy (active participle present)
tepъ (aorist first-person singular)
tepoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
tepe (aorist second-person singular)
tepe (aorist singular third-person)
tepǫ (first-person present singular)
tepeši (present second-person singular)
tepetь (present singular third-person)
tepově (aorist dual first-person)
tepoxově (aorist dual first-person)
tepeta (aorist dual second-person)
teposta (aorist dual second-person)
tepete (aorist dual third-person)
teposte (aorist dual third-person)
tepevě (dual first-person present)
tepeta (dual present second-person)
tepete (dual present third-person)
tepomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tepoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tepete (aorist plural second-person)
teposte (aorist plural second-person)
tepǫ (aorist plural third-person)
tepošę (aorist plural third-person)
tepemъ (first-person plural present)
tepete (plural present second-person)
tepǫtь (plural present third-person)
tepěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tepěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tepěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
tepi (imperative second-person singular)
tepi (imperative singular third-person)
tepěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tepěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tepěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tepěvě (dual first-person imperative)
tepěta (dual imperative second-person)
tepěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tepěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tepěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tepěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
tepěte (imperative plural second-person)
*tepti (alternative)
*tepsti (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: тети (teti)

Russian: тепти́ (teptí), тети́ (tetí) (Pskov dialect), тепсти́ (tepstí) (Vologda dialect), тёпать (tjópatʹ) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: тепти́ (teptý)

South-Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: тети (teti)

Glagolitic: ⱅⰵⱅⰹ (teti)

Bulgarian: те́пам (tépam)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: те̏псти

Latin script: tȅpsti

Slovene: tépsti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: teti, tepati

Czech: tepat

Polish: ciepać (dialectal)

Silesian: ciepać

Slovak: tepať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: ćepać

Lower Sorbian: śepaś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *teptei, with a regular loss of medial *-p- in the infinitive stem due to the law of open syllables. p has been restored in many of the daughters by analogy with the present stem, and s has been inserted into the infinitive in many of the daughters by analogy with other verbs in -sti. Compare *greti (“to dig, to rake”).
Cognate with Lithuanian tèpti (“to smear, to grease, to soil”) (1sg. tepù), Latvian tept (“to smear, to grease”) (1sg. tepju).
* Per Derksen, only Balto-Slavic, without other Indo-European cognates.
* Vasmer adds as cognates Lithuanian tapýti (“to sculpt”) (1sg. tараũ), Lithuanian tapnóti, tapšnóti (“to pat with the hand”). In addition, he asserts that dialectal Russian тепсти́ (tepstí, “to pull, to drag”) is etymologically distinct, related to Lithuanian tem̃pti (“to pull”) (1sg. tempiù), temptýva (“string”), Russian тетива́ (tetivá, “string”), Lithuanian tampýti (“to pull”) (1sg. tampaũ). According to Pokorny, these are all from Proto-Indo-European *temp- (“to string, stretch”).


tę

jãzъ (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
ty̑ (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
mę̑ (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
tę̑ (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sę̑ (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mȅne (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
tȅbe (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
sȅbe (genitive personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mьně̀ (first-person locative personal pronoun singular)
tebě̀ (locative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sebě̀ (locative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mьně̀ (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
tebě̀ (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
ti (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sebě̀ (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
si (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mъnòjǫ (first-person instrumental personal pronoun singular)
mъnojǫ̀ (first-person instrumental personal pronoun singular)
tobòjǫ (instrumental personal pronoun second-person singular)
tobojǫ̀ (instrumental personal pronoun second-person singular)
sobòjǫ (instrumental personal pronoun reflexive singular)
sobojǫ̀ (instrumental personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mojь (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
tvojь (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
svojь (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular)
vě̑ (dual first-person nominative personal pronoun)
vȃ (dual nominative personal pronoun second-person)
nȃ (accusative dual first-person personal pronoun)
vȃ (accusative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sę̑ (accusative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
nàju (dual first-person genitive personal pronoun)
vàju (dual genitive personal pronoun second-person)
sȅbe (dual genitive personal pronoun reflexive)
nàju (dual first-person locative personal pronoun)
vàju (dual locative personal pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (dual locative personal pronoun reflexive)
nàma (dative dual first-person personal pronoun)
vàma (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
va (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
si (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
nàma (dual first-person instrumental personal pronoun)
vàma (dual instrumental personal pronoun second-person)
sobòjǫ (dual instrumental personal pronoun reflexive)
sobojǫ̀ (dual instrumental personal pronoun reflexive)
našь (dual first-person personal possessive pronoun)
vašь (dual personal possessive pronoun second-person)
svojь (dual personal possessive pronoun reflexive)
my̑ (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
vy̑ (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
ny̑ (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
vy̑ (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sę̑ (accusative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàsъ (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
vàsъ (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
sȅbe (genitive personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàsъ (first-person locative personal plural pronoun)
vàsъ (locative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (locative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàmъ (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
vàmъ (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
si (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàmi (first-person instrumental personal plural pronoun)
vàmi (instrumental personal plural pronoun second-person)
sobòjǫ (instrumental personal plural pronoun reflexive)
sobojǫ̀ (instrumental personal plural pronoun reflexive)
našь (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
vašь (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
svojь (personal plural possessive pronoun reflexive)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: тѧ (tę)

⇒? Belarusian: цябе́ (cjabjé) (Possibly blended with Old East Slavic тебе (tebe))

⇒? Russian: тебя́ (tebjá) (Possibly blended with Old East Slavic тебе (tebe))

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: тѧ (tę)

Bulgarian: те (te)

Macedonian: те (te)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: те

Latin script: te

Slovene: te

West Slavic:

Czech: tě

Polish: cię

Old Slovak: ťa, *te

Pannonian Rusyn: це (ce)

Slovak: ťa

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: śi

Upper Sorbian: će


kory

kȍry (canonical masculine)
kȍry (nominative singular)
kȍreni (dual nominative)
kȍrene (nominative plural)
kȍrene (genitive singular)
korenù (dual genitive)
korènъ (genitive plural)
kȍreni (dative singular)
korenьmà (dative dual)
korènьmъ (dative plural)
kȍrenь (accusative singular)
kȍreni (accusative dual)
kȍreni (accusative plural)
kȍrenьmь (instrumental singular)
korenьmà (dual instrumental)
korenьmì (instrumental plural)
kȍrene (locative singular)
korenù (dual locative)
korènьxъ (locative plural)
kȍry (singular vocative)
kȍreni (dual vocative)
kȍrene (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ко́рань (kóranʹ)

Russian: ко́рень (kórenʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: корїнь (korjinʹ)

Ukrainian: ко́рінь (kórinʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: корень (korenĭ)

Bulgarian: ко́рен (kóren)

Macedonian: ко́рен (kóren)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ко̏ре̄н, ко̏рије̄н

Latin: kȍrēn, kȍrijēn

Slovene: korẹ̑n (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kořen

Czech: kořen

Kashubian: kòrzéń

Polish: korzeń

Old Slovak: koreň

Pannonian Rusyn: корень (korenʹ)

Slovak: koreň

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: kórjeń

Upper Sorbian: korjeń

From Proto-Indo-European *k(ʷ)or(H)-en-. Cognate with Lithuanian kẽras (“tree-stump, stub, bush, shrub”) and Latvian cers (“bush, knotty root of a tree”).


kъňiga

kъňi̋ga (canonical feminine)
kъňìga (nominative singular)
kъňìdzě (dual nominative)
kъňìgy (nominative plural)
kъňìgy (genitive singular)
kъňìgu (dual genitive)
kъňìgъ (genitive plural)
kъňìdzě (dative singular)
kъňìgama (dative dual)
kъňìgamъ (dative plural)
kъňìgǫ (accusative singular)
kъňìdzě (accusative dual)
kъňìgy (accusative plural)
kъňìgojǫ (instrumental singular)
kъňìgǭ (instrumental singular)
kъňìgama (dual instrumental)
kъňìgamī (instrumental plural)
kъňìdzě (locative singular)
kъňìgu (dual locative)
kъňìgasъ (locative plural)
kъňìgaxъ (locative plural)
kъňìgo (singular vocative)
kъňìdzě (dual vocative)
kъňìgy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: кънига (kŭniga)
Old Ruthenian: кни́га (kníha)
Belarusian: кні́га (kníha)
Carpathian Rusyn: кни́га (knýha)
Ukrainian: кни́га (knýha)
→ Lithuanian: knygà
Russian: кни́га (kníga) (see there for further descendants)
→ Ossetian: (Iron) чиныг (ḱinyg), (Digor) киунугӕ (kiwnugæ), кинугӕ (kinugæ)
→ Erzya: кинига (kiniga)

Old Novgorodian: кънига (kŭniga)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

desc

Old Cyrillic script: кън҄игꙑ pl (kŭnʹigy)

Glagolitic script: ⰽⱏⱀⰻⰳⱏⰺ pl (kŭnigy)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: књи̏га

Latin script: knjȉga

Slovene: knjíga (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desctree

Old Czech: kniha, kníha, knieha
Czech: kniha

⇒ Old Polish: księgi
Polish: księga
Silesian: ksiynga

Old Slovak: kniha

⇒ Pannonian Rusyn: кнїжка (knjižka)

Slovak: kniha

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: knëga, knyga, knéga

Sorbian:

desc

Lower Sorbian: knigła (archaic), knigły pl

Upper Sorbian: kniha

There are multiple theories:
* Borrowed either from Old High German kenning (“symbol, sign”) or from a different Germanic source (compare Gothic 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (kunnan, “to know”) and Old Norse kunna (“to know”)).
* From Akkadian kunukkum (“seal-cylinder”) or kanīkum (“sealed object: document, sack bulla, etc.”), via Old Armenian կնիք (knikʻ, “seal”).
* Ultimate Chinese origin, from 卷 (Middle Chinese kˠiuᴇn^X < Old Chinese *krorʔ (“to roll up”), *kror-s (“scroll”)), as paper was invented in China around the 1st century AD. However, this seems less likely due to the likely temporal precedence of Proto-Slavic over Early Middle Chinese and the large spatial separation of the donor and recipient languages.
* Finally, Polish Slavicist Aleksander Brückner considers it to be a native word derived from Proto-Slavic *kъnъ (“trunk of a tree”) with the suffix *-iga (compare Slovene veriga (“chain”), from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“tie”)). The sense development would thus be similar to German Buch and English book, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵos (“beech”), or to Latin liber, from earlier *luber, a cognate of Proto-Slavic *lubъ (“tree bark”).
The second and third theories require transmission by a Turkic or an Iranian language, but nothing is attested in them. Although sometimes cited, Chuvash кӗнеке (kĕnek̬e) and Ossetian чиныг (ḱinyg), киунугӕ (kiwnugæ) are both considered early Slavic loans. However, Hungarian könyv (“book”) and Erzya конёв (końov, “paper”), which are unlikely to derive from Slavic, testify to the early presence of this word in the Volga region.


žega

*žegъ (alternative)
žega (nominative singular)
žedzě (dual nominative)
žegy (nominative plural)
žegy (genitive singular)
žegu (dual genitive)
žegъ (genitive plural)
žedzě (dative singular)
žegama (dative dual)
žegamъ (dative plural)
žegǫ (accusative singular)
žedzě (accusative dual)
žegy (accusative plural)
žegojǫ (instrumental singular)
žegǫ (instrumental singular)
žegama (dual instrumental)
žegami (instrumental plural)
žedzě (locative singular)
žegu (dual locative)
žegasъ (locative plural)
žegaxъ (locative plural)
žego (singular vocative)
žedzě (dual vocative)
žegy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: жёг m (žog) (obsolete)

desc

⇒ Russian: поджо́г (podžóg), ожо́г (ožóg)

Ukrainian: жо́га (žóha)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: же́га (žéga)

Macedonian: жега (žega)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: же̏га

Latin script: žȅga

Slovene: žéga (tonal orthography)

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: zheg

→ Romanian: jeg

Nomen actionis of *žeg-ti (“to heat”) + *-a.


dъťi

dъ̏ťi (canonical feminine)
dъ̏ťi (nominative singular)
dъ̏ťeri (dual nominative)
dъ̏ťeri (nominative plural)
dъ̏ťere (genitive singular)
dъťerù (dual genitive)
dъťèrъ (genitive plural)
dъ̏ťeri (dative singular)
dъťerьmà (dative dual)
dъťèrьmъ (dative plural)
dъ̏ťerь (accusative singular)
dъ̏ťeri (accusative dual)
dъ̏ťeri (accusative plural)
dъťerьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
dъťerьmà (dual instrumental)
dъťerьmì (instrumental plural)
dъ̏ťere (locative singular)
dъťerù (dual locative)
dъťèrьxъ (locative plural)
dъ̏ťi (singular vocative)
dъ̏ťeri (dual vocative)
dъ̏ťeri (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: дъчи (dŭči)
Old Ruthenian: дочъ (doč); ⇒ до́черъ (dóčer)
⇒ Belarusian: до́чар (dóčar) (dialectal)
Ukrainian: доч (doč); ⇒ до́чер (dóčer) (dialectal)
Russian: дочь (dočʹ); дочи́ (dočí) (dialectal); ⇒ до́черь (dóčerʹ)

Old Novgorodian: дъци (dŭći), тъци (tŭći)
→ Russian: доци́ (docí) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⰴⱏⱋⰻ (dŭšti)

Old Cyrillic script: дъщи (dŭšti)

Serbo-Croatian:

desc

Cyrillic script: кћȇрка, ћȇрка, кћи̑, ћи̑, кће̑р, ће̑р, хћи, хћeр

Latin: kćȇrka, ćȇrka, kćȋ, ćȋ, kćȇr, ćȇr, hći, hćer

Slovene: hčȋ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desctree

Old Czech: dci, dceř, dcera
Czech: dcera
→ Silesian: cera
→ Old Polish: dca

Kashubian: córa, córka

Old Polish: córa
Polish: córa

Slovak: dcéra, dcérka

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *duktḗ, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰugh₂tḗr.

ętry

sister-in-law (husband's brother's wife)


ni-

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ні- (ni-)

Russian: ни- (ni-)

Ukrainian: ні- (ni-)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ни- (ni-)

Bulgarian: ни́- (ní-)

Macedonian: ни- (ni-)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ни̏-

Latin script: nȉ-

Slovene: ni-

West Slavic:

Czech: ni-

Polish: ni-

Slovak: ni-

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: ni-

Upper Sorbian: ni-

Negating prefix applied specifically on pronouns, most certainly of the same origin as Proto-Slavic *ni (“neither, not even”).


bydlo

bydlò (canonical neuter)
bȳdlò (nominative singular)
bỹdlě (dual nominative)
bȳdlà (nominative plural)
bȳdlà (genitive singular)
bȳdlù (dual genitive)
bỹdlъ (genitive plural)
bȳdlù (dative singular)
bȳdlòma (dative dual)
bȳdlòmъ (dative plural)
bȳdlò (accusative singular)
bỹdlě (accusative dual)
bȳdlà (accusative plural)
bȳdlъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
bȳdlòmь (instrumental singular)
bȳdlòma (dual instrumental)
bỹdly (instrumental plural)
bȳdlě̀ (locative singular)
bȳdlù (dual locative)
bỹdlěxъ (locative plural)
bȳdlò (singular vocative)
bỹdlě (dual vocative)
bȳdlà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: было́ (byló) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: bydlo

Czech: bydlo

Old Polish: bydło

Polish: bydło

desc

→ Old Ruthenian: бы́дло (býdlo, “animal”)

Belarusian: бы́дла (býdla)

Ukrainian: би́дло (býdlo)

→ Russian: бы́дло (býdlo) (dialectal)

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: bëdło

Slovincian: bydlô

Slovak: bydlo

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: bydło

Lower Sorbian: bydło

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtla, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-tlom, from *bʰuH- + *-tlom. Equivalent to *byti (“to be”) + *-dlo (“instrumental suffix”).


xata

xata (nominative singular)
xatě (dual nominative)
xaty (nominative plural)
xaty (genitive singular)
xatu (dual genitive)
xatъ (genitive plural)
xatě (dative singular)
xatama (dative dual)
xatamъ (dative plural)
xatǫ (accusative singular)
xatě (accusative dual)
xaty (accusative plural)
xatojǫ (instrumental singular)
xatǫ (instrumental singular)
xatama (dual instrumental)
xatami (instrumental plural)
xatě (locative singular)
xatu (dual locative)
xatasъ (locative plural)
xataxъ (locative plural)
xato (singular vocative)
xatě (dual vocative)
xaty (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: *ха́та (*xáta) (dialectal)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: ха́та (xáta)
Belarusian: ха́та (xáta)
Carpathian Rusyn: ха́та (xáta)
Ukrainian: ха́та (xáta)
→ Russian: ха́та (xáta) (19ᵗʰ cent.)
→ Czech: chata; chať (dialectal)
→ Polish: chata
→ Slovak: chata
→ Slovincian: chata
→ Upper Sorbian: chata
→ Esperanto: ĥato

Borrowed from Scythian *xata, from Proto-Iranian *kátah (compare Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬙𐬀 (kata, “room, hut, cellar”), Persian کده (kade, “house”), Middle Persian 𐭪𐭩𐭪𐭲 (ktk' /kadag/, “house”)).
A possible Wanderwort, see Proto-Uralic *kota (compare Finnish kota (“hut, house”) and Hungarian ház (“house”)) for more.


modla

modla (nominative singular)
modlě (dual nominative)
modly (nominative plural)
modly (genitive singular)
modlu (dual genitive)
modlъ (genitive plural)
modlě (dative singular)
modlama (dative dual)
modlamъ (dative plural)
modlǫ (accusative singular)
modlě (accusative dual)
modly (accusative plural)
modlojǫ (instrumental singular)
modlǫ (instrumental singular)
modlama (dual instrumental)
modlami (instrumental plural)
modlě (locative singular)
modlu (dual locative)
modlasъ (locative plural)
modlaxъ (locative plural)
modlo (singular vocative)
modlě (dual vocative)
modly (plural vocative)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: mòdła

Old Czech: modla

Czech: modla

Old Polish: modła

Polish: modła

Slovak: modla

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *maldāˀ, equivalent to *modliti + *-a. Cognate with Lithuanian maldà (“prayer”), Old Prussian maddla (“prayer”).


ormo

òrmo (canonical neuter)
òrmo (nominative singular)
òrmě (dual nominative)
òrma (nominative plural)
òrma (genitive singular)
òrmu (dual genitive)
òrmъ (genitive plural)
òrmu (dative singular)
òrmoma (dative dual)
òrmomъ (dative plural)
òrmo (accusative singular)
òrmě (accusative dual)
òrma (accusative plural)
òrmъmь (instrumental singular)
òrmomь (instrumental singular)
òrmoma (dual instrumental)
òrmȳ (instrumental plural)
òrmě (locative singular)
òrmu (dual locative)
òrmě̄xъ (locative plural)
òrmo (singular vocative)
òrmě (dual vocative)
òrma (plural vocative)
*òrmę (alternative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: рамо (ramo)

Glagolitic script: ⱃⰰⰿⱁ (ramo)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *írʔma-, *írʔmen-, *árʔmen- from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erH-mo-, *h₂erH-men-, from *h₂erH-. Cognate with Lithuanian i̇̀rmėdė (“gout”), Old Prussian irmo (“arm”), Ancient Greek ἁρμός (harmós), Latin armus, Proto-Germanic *armaz (“arm”), Sanskrit ईर्म (īrmá, “arm”).


rajь

ràjь (canonical masculine)
ràjь (nominative singular)
ràja (dual nominative)
ràji (nominative plural)
ràja (genitive singular)
ràju (dual genitive)
ràjь (genitive plural)
ràju (dative singular)
ràjema (dative dual)
ràjēmъ (dative plural)
ràjь (accusative singular)
ràja (accusative dual)
ràję̇ (accusative plural)
ràjьmь (instrumental singular)
ràjemь (instrumental singular)
ràjema (dual instrumental)
ràjī (instrumental plural)
ràji (locative singular)
ràju (dual locative)
ràjīxъ (locative plural)
ràju (singular vocative)
ràja (dual vocative)
ràji (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: раи (rai)

Old Ruthenian: рай (raj)

Belarusian: рай (raj)

Carpathian Rusyn: рай (raj)

Ukrainian: рай (raj)

Russian: рай (raj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: раи (rai)

Glagolitic script: ⱃⰰⰹ (rai)

Bulgarian: рай (raj)

Macedonian: рај (raj)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ра̑ј

Latin script: rȃj

Slovene: raj

West Slavic:

Czech: ráj

Kashubian: rôj

Polish: raj

Slovak: raj

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: raj

Upper Sorbian: raj

→ Romanian: rai

Probably borrowed from an Iranian language, from Proto-Iranian *raHíš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *raHíš, from Proto-Indo-European *reh₁ís (“wealth, goods”).

der

radǫga

in East Slavic, prefix *ra- linked by folk etymology with *rajь


ritь

ritь (nominative singular)
riti (dual nominative)
riti (nominative plural)
riti (genitive singular)
ritьju (dual genitive)
ritьjь (genitive plural)
riti (dative singular)
ritьma (dative dual)
ritьmъ (dative plural)
ritь (accusative singular)
riti (accusative dual)
riti (accusative plural)
ritьjǫ (instrumental singular)
ritьma (dual instrumental)
ritьmi (instrumental plural)
riti (locative singular)
ritьju (dual locative)
ritьxъ (locative plural)
riti (singular vocative)
riti (dual vocative)
riti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: рить (ritĭ, “hoof”)

South Slavic:

Church Slavonic: рить (ritĭ, “buttocks”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: rȉt

Cyrillic script: ри̏т

Slovene: rȉt (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: rzëc

Old Czech: řit

Czech: řiť

Polish: rzyć

Silesian: rzić

Slovak: riť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: riś

Upper Sorbian: rić

From Proto-Indo-European *rēyti-. Cognate with Lithuanian ri̇́etas (“thigh, loin”), Latvian riẽta (“thigh, haunch”), Old Armenian երի (eri).


desętь

dȅsętь (canonical masculine)
desętь (nominative singular)
desęti (dual nominative)
desęti (nominative plural)
desętь (accusative singular)
desęti (accusative dual)
desęti (accusative plural)
desęte (genitive singular)
desętu (dual genitive)
desętъ (genitive plural)
desęte (locative singular)
desętu (dual locative)
desętьxъ (locative plural)
desęti (dative singular)
desętьma (dative dual)
desętьmъ (dative plural)
desętьjǫ (instrumental singular)
desętьma (dual instrumental)
desętьmi (instrumental plural)

sla-decl-noun-table

Declension of *desętь (consonant stem)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: де́сѧть (désętĭ)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: де́сѧть (désjatʹ), десєть (desjetʹ)
Belarusian: дзе́сяць (dzjésjacʹ)
Carpathian Rusyn: де́сять (désjatʹ)
Ukrainian: де́сять (désjatʹ)

Russian: де́сять (désjatʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⰴⰵⱄⱔⱅⱐ (desętĭ)

Old Cyrillic script: десѧть (desętĭ)

desc

Bulgarian: де́сет (déset), (dialectal, with a decomposed nasalism and loss of final t) де́сен (désen)

Macedonian: де́сет (déset)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: де̏сет

Latin script: dȅset

Slovene: desẹ̑t (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: desět
Czech: deset

desctree

Old Polish: dziesięć
Polish: dziesięć
Silesian: dziesiyńć

Old Slovak: desať, deseť

Pannonian Rusyn: дзешец (dzešec)

Slovak: desať

Polabian: disąt

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: dzesyńc, dzesync, dzesãc

Slovincian: dzêsinc

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: źaseś, źaseśo

Upper Sorbian: dźesać

From *déśimtis, variant of Proto-Balto-Slavic *déśimt, from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥t. Cognate with Lithuanian dešimt, Latvian desmit, Old Prussian dessimpts.


sъto

sъ̏to (canonical neuter)
sъto (nominative singular)
sъtě (dual nominative)
sъta (nominative plural)
sъta (genitive singular)
sъtu (dual genitive)
sъtъ (genitive plural)
sъtu (dative singular)
sъtoma (dative dual)
sъtomъ (dative plural)
sъto (accusative singular)
sъtě (accusative dual)
sъta (accusative plural)
sъtъmь (instrumental singular)
sъtomь (instrumental singular)
sъtoma (dual instrumental)
sъty (instrumental plural)
sъtě (locative singular)
sъtu (dual locative)
sъtěxъ (locative plural)
sъto (singular vocative)
sъtě (dual vocative)
sъta (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: съто (sŭto)

Old Ruthenian: сто (sto)

Belarusian: сто (sto)

Carpathian Rusyn: сто (sto)

Ukrainian: сто (sto)

Russian: сто (sto)

Old Novgorodian: съто (sŭto)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱏⱅⱁ (sŭto)

Old Cyrillic script: съто (sŭto)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сто̑

Latin script: stȏ, stȏl (Croatia)
→ Istro-Romanian: sto

Slovene: stọ̑ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sto
Czech: sto

Old Polish: sto
Polish: sto
Silesian: sto

Old Slovak: sto

Pannonian Rusyn: сто (sto)

Slovak: sto

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: sto

Slovincian: stô

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: sto

Upper Sorbian: sto

Non-Slavic:

→ Vulgar Latin: *suta
Aromanian: sutã
Megleno-Romanian: sută
Romanian: sută

From Early Proto-Slavic *suta, from dialectal irregular Proto-Balto-Slavic *śumta, alternative form of *śímta, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm. The vocalism is highly aberrant; the expected *ę from Proto-Balto-Slavic *im < IE *m̥ is found in *tysęti. The back vowel is sometimes connected with dialectal Lithuanian šum̃tas of dubious antiquity, leaving the lack of nasal unexplained still. Owing to these difficulties, an external source has been sought, perhaps Iranian or Thracian; higher numerals like ‘hundred’ are frequently borrowed.


živъ

žȋvъ (canonical)
živъ (masculine nominative singular)
živa (feminine nominative singular)
živo (neuter nominative singular)
živa (genitive masculine singular)
živy (feminine genitive singular)
živa (genitive neuter singular)
živu (dative masculine singular)
živě (dative feminine singular)
živu (dative neuter singular)
živъ (accusative masculine singular)
živǫ (accusative feminine singular)
živo (accusative neuter singular)
živomь (instrumental masculine singular)
živojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
živomь (instrumental neuter singular)
živě (locative masculine singular)
živě (feminine locative singular)
živě (locative neuter singular)
žive (masculine singular vocative)
živo (feminine singular vocative)
živo (neuter singular vocative)
živa (dual masculine nominative)
živě (dual feminine nominative)
živě (dual neuter nominative)
živu (dual genitive masculine)
živu (dual feminine genitive)
živu (dual genitive neuter)
živoma (dative dual masculine)
živama (dative dual feminine)
živoma (dative dual neuter)
živa (accusative dual masculine)
živě (accusative dual feminine)
živě (accusative dual neuter)
živoma (dual instrumental masculine)
živama (dual feminine instrumental)
živoma (dual instrumental neuter)
živu (dual locative masculine)
živu (dual feminine locative)
živu (dual locative neuter)
živa (dual masculine vocative)
živě (dual feminine vocative)
živě (dual neuter vocative)
živi (masculine nominative plural)
živy (feminine nominative plural)
živa (neuter nominative plural)
živъ (genitive masculine plural)
živъ (feminine genitive plural)
živъ (genitive neuter plural)
živomъ (dative masculine plural)
živamъ (dative feminine plural)
živomъ (dative neuter plural)
živy (accusative masculine plural)
živy (accusative feminine plural)
živa (accusative neuter plural)
živy (instrumental masculine plural)
živami (feminine instrumental plural)
živy (instrumental neuter plural)
živěxъ (locative masculine plural)
živaxъ (feminine locative plural)
živěxъ (locative neuter plural)
živi (masculine plural vocative)
živy (feminine plural vocative)
živa (neuter plural vocative)
živъjь (masculine nominative singular)
živaja (feminine nominative singular)
živoje (neuter nominative singular)
živajego (genitive masculine singular)
živyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
živajego (genitive neuter singular)
živujemu (dative masculine singular)
živěji (dative feminine singular)
živujemu (dative neuter singular)
živъjь (accusative masculine singular)
živǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
živoje (accusative neuter singular)
živyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
živǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
živyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
živějemь (locative masculine singular)
živěji (feminine locative singular)
živějemь (locative neuter singular)
živъjь (masculine singular vocative)
živaja (feminine singular vocative)
živoje (neuter singular vocative)
živaja (dual masculine nominative)
živěji (dual feminine nominative)
živěji (dual neuter nominative)
živuju (dual genitive masculine)
živuju (dual feminine genitive)
živuju (dual genitive neuter)
živyjima (dative dual masculine)
živyjima (dative dual feminine)
živyjima (dative dual neuter)
živaja (accusative dual masculine)
živěji (accusative dual feminine)
živěji (accusative dual neuter)
živyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
živyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
živyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
živuju (dual locative masculine)
živuju (dual feminine locative)
živuju (dual locative neuter)
živaja (dual masculine vocative)
živěji (dual feminine vocative)
živěji (dual neuter vocative)
živiji (masculine nominative plural)
živyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
živaja (neuter nominative plural)
živъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
živъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
živъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
živyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
živyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
živyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
živyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
živyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
živaja (accusative neuter plural)
živyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
živyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
živyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
živyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
živyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
živyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
živiji (masculine plural vocative)
živyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
živaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: живъ (živŭ)

Belarusian: жывы́ (žyvý)

Russian: живо́й (živój)
→ Kildin Sami: жыва (žyva, “animal; insect, beetle”)

Ukrainian: живи́й (žyvýj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: живъ (živŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰶⰻⰲⱏ (živŭ)

Bulgarian: жив (živ)

Macedonian: жив (živ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жи̑в

Latin script: žȋv

Slovene: žȋv (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: živý

Czech: živý

Old Polish: żywy, żyw
Polish: żywy, żyw (archaic)
Silesian: żywy

Slovak: živý

Polabian: zaivĕ

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: żëwi, żiw

Slovincian: żyw

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: žiwy

Lower Sorbian: žywy

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gīˀwás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós (“alive”).


dьlgъ

dь̀lgъ (canonical)
dьlgъ (masculine nominative singular)
dьlga (feminine nominative singular)
dьlgo (neuter nominative singular)
dьlga (genitive masculine singular)
dьlgy (feminine genitive singular)
dьlga (genitive neuter singular)
dьlgu (dative masculine singular)
dьldzě (dative feminine singular)
dьlgu (dative neuter singular)
dьlgъ (accusative masculine singular)
dьlgǫ (accusative feminine singular)
dьlgo (accusative neuter singular)
dьlgomь (instrumental masculine singular)
dьlgojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
dьlgomь (instrumental neuter singular)
dьldzě (locative masculine singular)
dьldzě (feminine locative singular)
dьldzě (locative neuter singular)
dьlže (masculine singular vocative)
dьlgo (feminine singular vocative)
dьlgo (neuter singular vocative)
dьlga (dual masculine nominative)
dьldzě (dual feminine nominative)
dьldzě (dual neuter nominative)
dьlgu (dual genitive masculine)
dьlgu (dual feminine genitive)
dьlgu (dual genitive neuter)
dьlgoma (dative dual masculine)
dьlgama (dative dual feminine)
dьlgoma (dative dual neuter)
dьlga (accusative dual masculine)
dьldzě (accusative dual feminine)
dьldzě (accusative dual neuter)
dьlgoma (dual instrumental masculine)
dьlgama (dual feminine instrumental)
dьlgoma (dual instrumental neuter)
dьlgu (dual locative masculine)
dьlgu (dual feminine locative)
dьlgu (dual locative neuter)
dьlga (dual masculine vocative)
dьldzě (dual feminine vocative)
dьldzě (dual neuter vocative)
dьldzi (masculine nominative plural)
dьlgy (feminine nominative plural)
dьlga (neuter nominative plural)
dьlgъ (genitive masculine plural)
dьlgъ (feminine genitive plural)
dьlgъ (genitive neuter plural)
dьlgomъ (dative masculine plural)
dьlgamъ (dative feminine plural)
dьlgomъ (dative neuter plural)
dьlgy (accusative masculine plural)
dьlgy (accusative feminine plural)
dьlga (accusative neuter plural)
dьlgy (instrumental masculine plural)
dьlgami (feminine instrumental plural)
dьlgy (instrumental neuter plural)
dьldzěxъ (locative masculine plural)
dьlgaxъ (feminine locative plural)
dьldzěxъ (locative neuter plural)
dьldzi (masculine plural vocative)
dьlgy (feminine plural vocative)
dьlga (neuter plural vocative)
dьlgъjь (masculine nominative singular)
dьlgaja (feminine nominative singular)
dьlgoje (neuter nominative singular)
dьlgajego (genitive masculine singular)
dьlgyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
dьlgajego (genitive neuter singular)
dьlgujemu (dative masculine singular)
dьldzěji (dative feminine singular)
dьlgujemu (dative neuter singular)
dьlgъjь (accusative masculine singular)
dьlgǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
dьlgoje (accusative neuter singular)
dьlgyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
dьlgǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
dьlgyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
dьldzějemь (locative masculine singular)
dьldzěji (feminine locative singular)
dьldzějemь (locative neuter singular)
dьlgъjь (masculine singular vocative)
dьlgaja (feminine singular vocative)
dьlgoje (neuter singular vocative)
dьlgaja (dual masculine nominative)
dьldzěji (dual feminine nominative)
dьldzěji (dual neuter nominative)
dьlguju (dual genitive masculine)
dьlguju (dual feminine genitive)
dьlguju (dual genitive neuter)
dьlgyjima (dative dual masculine)
dьlgyjima (dative dual feminine)
dьlgyjima (dative dual neuter)
dьlgaja (accusative dual masculine)
dьldzěji (accusative dual feminine)
dьldzěji (accusative dual neuter)
dьlgyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
dьlgyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
dьlgyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
dьlguju (dual locative masculine)
dьlguju (dual feminine locative)
dьlguju (dual locative neuter)
dьlgaja (dual masculine vocative)
dьldzěji (dual feminine vocative)
dьldzěji (dual neuter vocative)
dьldziji (masculine nominative plural)
dьlgyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
dьlgaja (neuter nominative plural)
dьlgъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
dьlgъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
dьlgъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
dьlgyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
dьlgyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
dьlgyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
dьlgyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
dьlgyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
dьlgaja (accusative neuter plural)
dьlgyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
dьlgyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
dьlgyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
dьlgyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
dьlgyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
dьlgyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
dьldziji (masculine plural vocative)
dьlgyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
dьlgaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дългъ (dŭlgŭ)

desc

Old Ruthenian: до́вгїй (dóvhij), до́вгый (dóvhyj), до́лгїй (dólhij), до́лгый (dólhyj)

Belarusian: до́ўгі (dóŭhi)

Carpathian Rusyn: довгый (dovhŷj)

Ukrainian: до́вгий (dóvhyj)

Russian: до́лгий (dólgij)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: дльгъ (dlĭgŭ), длъгъ (dlŭgŭ)

Bulgarian: дълъг (dǎlǎg)

Macedonian: долг (dolg)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ду̏г

Latin script: dȕg

Slovene: dȏłg (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: dłudżi

desctree

Old Czech: dlúhý, dłúhý (alternative writing), dlhý (dialectal)
Czech: dlouhý

Old Polish: długi
Polish: długi
Silesian: dugi

Slovak: dlhý

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: dłudżi

Slovincian: dlúgjy

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: dłujki

Upper Sorbian: dołhi

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dílˀgas, from Proto-Indo-European *dl̥h₁gʰós.


devętь

dȅvętь (canonical feminine)
devętь (nominative singular)
devętь (accusative singular)
devęte (genitive singular)
devęte (locative singular)
devęti (dative singular)
devętьjǫ (instrumental singular)

sla-decl-noun-table

Declension of *devętь (consonant stem)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: де́вѧть (dévętĭ)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: де́вѧть (dévjatʹ), де́вєть (dévjetʹ)
Belarusian: дзе́вяць (dzjévjacʹ)
Carpathian Rusyn: де́вять (dévjatʹ)
Ukrainian: дев'ять (devʺjatʹ)

Russian: де́вять (dévjatʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: девѧть (devętĭ)

Glagolitic: ⰴⰵⰲⱔⱅⱐ (devętĭ)

q

Bulgarian: де́вет (dévet), де́вен (déven) (dialectal, with a decomposed nasalism and loss of final t)

Macedonian: девет (devet)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: де̏вет

Latin script: dȅvet

Slovene: devẹ̑t (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: devět
Czech: devět

desctree

Old Polish: dziewięć
Polish: dziewięć
Silesian: dziewiyńć

Polabian: divąt

desc

Old Slovak: devat, deväť, devec, deviať, deviac

Pannonian Rusyn: дзевец (dzevec)

Slovak: deväť

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: dzewińc, dzewinc, dzewiãc

Slovincian: dzêvjinc

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: źewjeś, źewjeśo

Upper Sorbian: dźewjeć

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥. Compare Latvian deviņi, Lithuanian devyni, from Eastern Baltic *dewin, ultimately of the same Indo-European root. The initial 'd' in Eastern Baltic and Slavic has sometimes been explained as dissimilation, or by alliteration to *desętь (“ten”) (compare a similar alliteration that may have occurred in Proto-Germanic between *fedwōr (“four”) and *fimf (“five”)).


zolto

zȏlto (canonical neuter)
zȏlto (nominative singular)
zȏltě (dual nominative)
zoltà (nominative plural)
zȏlta (genitive singular)
zoltù (dual genitive)
zõltъ (genitive plural)
zȏltu (dative singular)
zoltomà (dative dual)
zoltòmъ (dative plural)
zȏlto (accusative singular)
zȏltě (accusative dual)
zoltà (accusative plural)
zȏltъmь (instrumental singular)
zȏltomь (instrumental singular)
zoltomà (dual instrumental)
zoltý (instrumental plural)
zȏltě (locative singular)
zoltù (dual locative)
zoltě̃xъ (locative plural)
zȏlto (singular vocative)
zȏltě (dual vocative)
zoltà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: зо́лата (zólata)

Russian: зо́лото (zóloto)

Ukrainian: зо́лото (zóloto)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: злато (zlato), золъто (zolŭto)

Glagolitic script: ⰸⰾⰰⱅⱁ (zlato), ⰸⱁⰾⱏⱅⱁ (zolŭto)

Macedonian: злато (zlato)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: зла̑то

Latin script: zlȃto

Slovene: zlatọ̑ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: zlato

Czech: zlato

Kashubian: złoto

Polabian: zlåtă

Polish: złoto

Old Slovak: zlato

Pannonian Rusyn: злато (zlato)

Slovak: zlato

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: złoto

Upper Sorbian: złoto

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źalˀta, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰólh₃-tom (“gold”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“green, yellow”). Cognate with Latvian zȩ̀lts, English gold. See also Persian زر (zar).


mьrtvъ

mь̃rtvъ (canonical)
mьrtvъ (masculine nominative singular)
mьrtva (feminine nominative singular)
mьrtvo (neuter nominative singular)
mьrtva (genitive masculine singular)
mьrtvy (feminine genitive singular)
mьrtva (genitive neuter singular)
mьrtvu (dative masculine singular)
mьrtvě (dative feminine singular)
mьrtvu (dative neuter singular)
mьrtvъ (accusative masculine singular)
mьrtvǫ (accusative feminine singular)
mьrtvo (accusative neuter singular)
mьrtvomь (instrumental masculine singular)
mьrtvojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
mьrtvomь (instrumental neuter singular)
mьrtvě (locative masculine singular)
mьrtvě (feminine locative singular)
mьrtvě (locative neuter singular)
mьrtve (masculine singular vocative)
mьrtvo (feminine singular vocative)
mьrtvo (neuter singular vocative)
mьrtva (dual masculine nominative)
mьrtvě (dual feminine nominative)
mьrtvě (dual neuter nominative)
mьrtvu (dual genitive masculine)
mьrtvu (dual feminine genitive)
mьrtvu (dual genitive neuter)
mьrtvoma (dative dual masculine)
mьrtvama (dative dual feminine)
mьrtvoma (dative dual neuter)
mьrtva (accusative dual masculine)
mьrtvě (accusative dual feminine)
mьrtvě (accusative dual neuter)
mьrtvoma (dual instrumental masculine)
mьrtvama (dual feminine instrumental)
mьrtvoma (dual instrumental neuter)
mьrtvu (dual locative masculine)
mьrtvu (dual feminine locative)
mьrtvu (dual locative neuter)
mьrtva (dual masculine vocative)
mьrtvě (dual feminine vocative)
mьrtvě (dual neuter vocative)
mьrtvi (masculine nominative plural)
mьrtvy (feminine nominative plural)
mьrtva (neuter nominative plural)
mьrtvъ (genitive masculine plural)
mьrtvъ (feminine genitive plural)
mьrtvъ (genitive neuter plural)
mьrtvomъ (dative masculine plural)
mьrtvamъ (dative feminine plural)
mьrtvomъ (dative neuter plural)
mьrtvy (accusative masculine plural)
mьrtvy (accusative feminine plural)
mьrtva (accusative neuter plural)
mьrtvy (instrumental masculine plural)
mьrtvami (feminine instrumental plural)
mьrtvy (instrumental neuter plural)
mьrtvěxъ (locative masculine plural)
mьrtvaxъ (feminine locative plural)
mьrtvěxъ (locative neuter plural)
mьrtvi (masculine plural vocative)
mьrtvy (feminine plural vocative)
mьrtva (neuter plural vocative)
mьrtvъjь (masculine nominative singular)
mьrtvaja (feminine nominative singular)
mьrtvoje (neuter nominative singular)
mьrtvajego (genitive masculine singular)
mьrtvyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
mьrtvajego (genitive neuter singular)
mьrtvujemu (dative masculine singular)
mьrtvěji (dative feminine singular)
mьrtvujemu (dative neuter singular)
mьrtvъjь (accusative masculine singular)
mьrtvǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
mьrtvoje (accusative neuter singular)
mьrtvyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
mьrtvǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
mьrtvyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
mьrtvějemь (locative masculine singular)
mьrtvěji (feminine locative singular)
mьrtvějemь (locative neuter singular)
mьrtvъjь (masculine singular vocative)
mьrtvaja (feminine singular vocative)
mьrtvoje (neuter singular vocative)
mьrtvaja (dual masculine nominative)
mьrtvěji (dual feminine nominative)
mьrtvěji (dual neuter nominative)
mьrtvuju (dual genitive masculine)
mьrtvuju (dual feminine genitive)
mьrtvuju (dual genitive neuter)
mьrtvyjima (dative dual masculine)
mьrtvyjima (dative dual feminine)
mьrtvyjima (dative dual neuter)
mьrtvaja (accusative dual masculine)
mьrtvěji (accusative dual feminine)
mьrtvěji (accusative dual neuter)
mьrtvyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
mьrtvyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
mьrtvyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
mьrtvuju (dual locative masculine)
mьrtvuju (dual feminine locative)
mьrtvuju (dual locative neuter)
mьrtvaja (dual masculine vocative)
mьrtvěji (dual feminine vocative)
mьrtvěji (dual neuter vocative)
mьrtviji (masculine nominative plural)
mьrtvyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
mьrtvaja (neuter nominative plural)
mьrtvъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
mьrtvъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
mьrtvъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
mьrtvyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
mьrtvyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
mьrtvyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
mьrtvyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
mьrtvyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
mьrtvaja (accusative neuter plural)
mьrtvyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
mьrtvyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
mьrtvyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
mьrtvyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
mьrtvyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
mьrtvyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
mьrtviji (masculine plural vocative)
mьrtvyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
mьrtvaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: мьртвъ (mĭrtvŭ), мертвъ (mertvŭ), мьрътвъ (mĭrŭtvŭ)

Belarusian: мёртвы (mjórtvy)

Russian: мёртвый (mjórtvyj)

Ukrainian: ме́ртви́й (mértvýj)

Old Novgorodian: мьрьтве (mĭrĭtve)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мрьтвъ (mrĭtvŭ), мрътвъ (mrŭtvŭ)

Glagolitic: ⰿⱃⱐⱅⰲⱏ (mrĭtvŭ), ⰿⱃⱏⱅⰲⱏ (mrŭtvŭ)

Bulgarian: мъ́ртъв (mǎ́rtǎv)

Macedonian: мртов (mrtov)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мр̀тав

Latin: mr̀tav

Slovene: mŕtəv (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mrtvý

Czech: mrtvý

Old Polish: martwy, miartwy, miertwy

Polish: martwy, miartwy

→ Old Ruthenian: мꙗртвый (mjartvyj)

Old Slovak: martvy, mertvy, mirtvy, mŕtvy

Pannonian Rusyn: мертви (mertvi)

Slovak: mŕtvy

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: mortwy

Old Lower Sorbian: martwy

Lower Sorbian: marwy

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *mirtwas, from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥twós, from *mer-. Latin mortuus is from the exact same word.
Other cognates:
* *mr̥tós > Sanskrit मृत (mṛta, “dead”), मर्त (marta, “mortal, man”), Avestan 𐬨𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀 (mər^əta, “dead”), Old Armenian մարդ (mard, “man”), Ancient Greek βροτός (brotós, “mortal”)
* *mr̥wós > Old Irish marb (“dead”), Gaulish marw (“dead”)
* *mŕ̥trom > Proto-Germanic *murþrą (“murder”).


lьgъkъ

lьgъkъ (masculine nominative singular)
lьgъka (feminine nominative singular)
lьgъko (neuter nominative singular)
lьgъka (genitive masculine singular)
lьgъky (feminine genitive singular)
lьgъka (genitive neuter singular)
lьgъku (dative masculine singular)
lьgъcě (dative feminine singular)
lьgъku (dative neuter singular)
lьgъkъ (accusative masculine singular)
lьgъkǫ (accusative feminine singular)
lьgъko (accusative neuter singular)
lьgъkomь (instrumental masculine singular)
lьgъkojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
lьgъkomь (instrumental neuter singular)
lьgъcě (locative masculine singular)
lьgъcě (feminine locative singular)
lьgъcě (locative neuter singular)
lьgъče (masculine singular vocative)
lьgъko (feminine singular vocative)
lьgъko (neuter singular vocative)
lьgъka (dual masculine nominative)
lьgъcě (dual feminine nominative)
lьgъcě (dual neuter nominative)
lьgъku (dual genitive masculine)
lьgъku (dual feminine genitive)
lьgъku (dual genitive neuter)
lьgъkoma (dative dual masculine)
lьgъkama (dative dual feminine)
lьgъkoma (dative dual neuter)
lьgъka (accusative dual masculine)
lьgъcě (accusative dual feminine)
lьgъcě (accusative dual neuter)
lьgъkoma (dual instrumental masculine)
lьgъkama (dual feminine instrumental)
lьgъkoma (dual instrumental neuter)
lьgъku (dual locative masculine)
lьgъku (dual feminine locative)
lьgъku (dual locative neuter)
lьgъka (dual masculine vocative)
lьgъcě (dual feminine vocative)
lьgъcě (dual neuter vocative)
lьgъci (masculine nominative plural)
lьgъky (feminine nominative plural)
lьgъka (neuter nominative plural)
lьgъkъ (genitive masculine plural)
lьgъkъ (feminine genitive plural)
lьgъkъ (genitive neuter plural)
lьgъkomъ (dative masculine plural)
lьgъkamъ (dative feminine plural)
lьgъkomъ (dative neuter plural)
lьgъky (accusative masculine plural)
lьgъky (accusative feminine plural)
lьgъka (accusative neuter plural)
lьgъky (instrumental masculine plural)
lьgъkami (feminine instrumental plural)
lьgъky (instrumental neuter plural)
lьgъcěxъ (locative masculine plural)
lьgъkaxъ (feminine locative plural)
lьgъcěxъ (locative neuter plural)
lьgъci (masculine plural vocative)
lьgъky (feminine plural vocative)
lьgъka (neuter plural vocative)
lьgъkъjь (masculine nominative singular)
lьgъkaja (feminine nominative singular)
lьgъkoje (neuter nominative singular)
lьgъkajego (genitive masculine singular)
lьgъkyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
lьgъkajego (genitive neuter singular)
lьgъkujemu (dative masculine singular)
lьgъcěji (dative feminine singular)
lьgъkujemu (dative neuter singular)
lьgъkъjь (accusative masculine singular)
lьgъkǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
lьgъkoje (accusative neuter singular)
lьgъkyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
lьgъkǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
lьgъkyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
lьgъcějemь (locative masculine singular)
lьgъcěji (feminine locative singular)
lьgъcějemь (locative neuter singular)
lьgъkъjь (masculine singular vocative)
lьgъkaja (feminine singular vocative)
lьgъkoje (neuter singular vocative)
lьgъkaja (dual masculine nominative)
lьgъcěji (dual feminine nominative)
lьgъcěji (dual neuter nominative)
lьgъkuju (dual genitive masculine)
lьgъkuju (dual feminine genitive)
lьgъkuju (dual genitive neuter)
lьgъkyjima (dative dual masculine)
lьgъkyjima (dative dual feminine)
lьgъkyjima (dative dual neuter)
lьgъkaja (accusative dual masculine)
lьgъcěji (accusative dual feminine)
lьgъcěji (accusative dual neuter)
lьgъkyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
lьgъkyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
lьgъkyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
lьgъkuju (dual locative masculine)
lьgъkuju (dual feminine locative)
lьgъkuju (dual locative neuter)
lьgъkaja (dual masculine vocative)
lьgъcěji (dual feminine vocative)
lьgъcěji (dual neuter vocative)
lьgъciji (masculine nominative plural)
lьgъkyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
lьgъkaja (neuter nominative plural)
lьgъkъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
lьgъkъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
lьgъkъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
lьgъkyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
lьgъkyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
lьgъkyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
lьgъkyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
lьgъkyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
lьgъkaja (accusative neuter plural)
lьgъkyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
lьgъkyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
lьgъkyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
lьgъkyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
lьgъkyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
lьgъkyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
lьgъciji (masculine plural vocative)
lьgъkyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
lьgъkaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: лёгкі (ljóhki)

Russian: лёгкий (ljóxkij)

Carpathian Rusyn: легкы́й (lehkŷ́j)

Ukrainian: легки́й (lehkýj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: льгъкъ (lĭgŭkŭ)

Bulgarian: лек (lek)

Macedonian: лек (lek)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ла̏к, ла̏ган

Latin: lȁk, lȁgan

Slovene: láhək (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: lehký
Czech: lehký

desctree

Old Polish: lekki, leki, leki
Polish: lekki, lętki (Lasovia)
Silesian: leki, letki

Old Slovak: ľahký, lehký

Pannonian Rusyn: лєгки (ljehki)

Slovak: ľahký

Polabian: ľåtťĕ

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: letczi

Slovincian: lêtkjy

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: lochki

Lower Sorbian: lažki

From Pre-Slavic *lingukas < *h₁ln̥gʷʰ-u-ko-s (see *-ъkъ), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ- (“light”).


gnězdo

gně̄zdò (canonical neuter)
gně̄zdò (nominative singular)
gně̃zdě (dual nominative)
gně̄zdà (nominative plural)
gně̄zdà (genitive singular)
gně̄zdù (dual genitive)
gně̃zdъ (genitive plural)
gně̄zdù (dative singular)
gně̄zdòma (dative dual)
gně̄zdòmъ (dative plural)
gně̄zdò (accusative singular)
gně̃zdě (accusative dual)
gně̄zdà (accusative plural)
gně̄zdъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
gně̄zdòmь (instrumental singular)
gně̄zdòma (dual instrumental)
gně̃zdy (instrumental plural)
gně̄zdě̀ (locative singular)
gně̄zdù (dual locative)
gně̃zděxъ (locative plural)
gně̄zdò (singular vocative)
gně̃zdě (dual vocative)
gně̄zdà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гнѣздо (gnězdo)

Old Ruthenian: гнѣздо́ (hnězdó)

Belarusian: гняздо́ (hnjazdó)

Carpathian Rusyn: гнїздо́ (hnjizdó)

Ukrainian: гніздо́ (hnizdó)

Russian: гнездо́ (gnezdó)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⰳⱀⱑⰸⰴⱁ (gnězdo)

Old Cyrillic script: гнѣздо (gnězdo)

Serbo-Croatian:

desc

Cyrillic script: гније́здо, гне́здо, гни́здо

Latin script: gnijèzdo, gnézdo, gnízdo

Slovene: gnẹ́zdo (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hniezdo
Czech: hnízdo

Old Polish:

Polish: gniazdo

Silesian: gniŏzdo

Old Slovak: hniezdo, hnízdo

Pannonian Rusyn: гнїздо (hnjizdo)

Slovak: hniezdo

Polabian: gńozdĕ

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: gniôzdo

Slovincian: gnjozdô

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: gnězdo

Upper Sorbian: hnězdo

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *nisdá, from Proto-Indo-European *nisdós.
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian li̇̀zdas, Latvian ligzds, ligzda. The Slavic forms show a different anlaut from the Baltic forms; the Slavic forms have gained an initial *gn- on the basis of some other model such as *gnojь (“manure, pus”), though which particular word was used as a model is hard to say. The choice of *gnojь (“manure, pus”) also has a possible advantage in that it can account for the presence of *ě in *gnězdo, otherwise an anomaly. Skok instead explains the anomalous cluster and the many reflexes in Serbo-Croatian as resulting from various dissimilations of the dental consonants. Mel’nyčuk suggests the initial part of the word was reconstructed on the model of *gněti or its precursor. Matasović proposes a regular sound change in Proto-Slavic that adds prosthetic *g- on words beginning with *ně-.


vьdova

vьdovà (canonical feminine)
vьdovà (nominative singular)
vьdòvě (dual nominative)
vьdovỳ (nominative plural)
vьdovỳ (genitive singular)
vьdovù (dual genitive)
vьdòvъ (genitive plural)
vьdově̀ (dative singular)
vьdovàma (dative dual)
vьdovàmъ (dative plural)
vьdovǫ̀ (accusative singular)
vьdòvě (accusative dual)
vьdovỳ (accusative plural)
vьdovòjǫ (instrumental singular)
vьdòvǫ (instrumental singular)
vьdovàma (dual instrumental)
vьdovàmī (instrumental plural)
vьdově̀ (locative singular)
vьdovù (dual locative)
vьdovàsъ (locative plural)
vьdovàxъ (locative plural)
vьdovo (singular vocative)
vьdòvě (dual vocative)
vьdovỳ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: въдова (vŭdova)

Belarusian: удава́ (udavá) / ўдава́ (ŭdavá)

Russian: вдова́ (vdová) (obsolete)

Ukrainian: вдова́ (vdová) / удова́ (udová) (obsolete)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: въдова (vŭdova)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⱏⰴⱁⰲⰰ (vŭdova)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: у̀дова

Latin script: udova

Slovene: vdȏva (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vdova

Czech: vdova

Old Polish: wdowa

Polish: wdowa

Silesian: gdowa

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: gdowa, wdowa

Slovak: vdova, bdova, gdova

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wudowa

Lower Sorbian: hudowa

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *widewāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁widʰéwh₂, possibly from *h₁weydʰh₁-.
Baltic cognates include
Old Prussian widdewū (“widow”).
Indo-European cognates include
Sanskrit विधवा (vidhavā, “widow”), विधु (vidhùṣ),
Ancient Greek ἠΐθεος (ēḯtheos),
Latin vidua f (“widow”), viduus,
Old Irish fedb f,
Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍅𐍉 f (widuwō).
Also compare
Lithuanian vidùs (“interior”),
Latin dīvidō.


četyre

četỳre (canonical)
četyre (masculine nominative plural)
četyri (feminine nominative plural)
četyri (neuter nominative plural)
četyri (accusative masculine plural)
četyri (accusative feminine plural)
četyri (accusative neuter plural)
četyrъ (genitive masculine plural)
četyrъ (feminine genitive plural)
četyrъ (genitive neuter plural)
četyrьxъ (locative masculine plural)
četyrьxъ (feminine locative plural)
četyrьxъ (locative neuter plural)
četyrьmъ (dative masculine plural)
četyrьmъ (dative feminine plural)
četyrьmъ (dative neuter plural)
četyrьmi (instrumental masculine plural)
četyrьmi (feminine instrumental plural)
četyrьmi (instrumental neuter plural)
*čьtyre (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: четꙑре (četyre)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: чотыри (čotyri), четы́ри (četýri), чаты́ри (čatýri)
Belarusian: чаты́ры (čatýry)
Carpathian Rusyn: четы́ри (četŷ́ry), шты́ри (štŷ́ry)
Ukrainian: чоти́ри (čotýry); шти́ри (štýry) (dialectal)

Russian: четы́ре (četýre)

desc

Old Novgorodian: цетꙑри (ćetyri), цотꙑри (ćotyri)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: четꙑре (četyre)

Glagolitic: ⱍⰵⱅⱏⰺⱃⰵ (četyre)

Bulgarian: че́тири (čétiri)

Macedonian: четири (četiri)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: чѐтири

Latin script: čètiri

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: štírje, štíri (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desctree

Old Czech: čtyřie, čtyři (later)
Czech: čtyři

Old Polish: cztery
Polish: cztery
Silesian: sztyry

desc

Old Slovak: čtyria, čtyri, štyria, štyri

Pannonian Rusyn: штири (štiri)

Slovak: štyria, štyri

Polabian: citĕr

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: sztërë

Slovincian: sztérzë

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: styri, styrjo

Upper Sorbian: štyri

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ketū́res, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres. The source of the acute long *-ūˀ- (> *-ỳ- in Slavic) is unclear.


edinъ

edìnъ (canonical)
edinъ (masculine nominative singular)
edina (feminine nominative singular)
edino (neuter nominative singular)
edinъ (accusative masculine singular)
edinǫ (accusative feminine singular)
edino (accusative neuter singular)
edinogo (genitive masculine singular)
edinoję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
edinogo (genitive neuter singular)
edinomь (locative masculine singular)
edinoji (feminine locative singular)
edinomь (locative neuter singular)
edinomu (dative masculine singular)
edinoji (dative feminine singular)
edinomu (dative neuter singular)
ediněmь (instrumental masculine singular)
edinojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
ediněmь (instrumental neuter singular)
edina (dual masculine nominative)
edině (dual feminine nominative)
edině (dual neuter nominative)
edina (accusative dual masculine)
edině (accusative dual feminine)
edině (accusative dual neuter)
edinoju (dual genitive masculine)
edinoju (dual feminine genitive)
edinoju (dual genitive neuter)
edinoju (dual locative masculine)
edinoju (dual feminine locative)
edinoju (dual locative neuter)
ediněma (dative dual masculine)
ediněma (dative dual feminine)
ediněma (dative dual neuter)
ediněma (dual instrumental masculine)
ediněma (dual feminine instrumental)
ediněma (dual instrumental neuter)
edini (masculine nominative plural)
ediny (feminine nominative plural)
edina (neuter nominative plural)
ediny (accusative masculine plural)
ediny (accusative feminine plural)
edina (accusative neuter plural)
ediněxъ (genitive masculine plural)
ediněxъ (feminine genitive plural)
ediněxъ (genitive neuter plural)
ediněxъ (locative masculine plural)
ediněxъ (feminine locative plural)
ediněxъ (locative neuter plural)
ediněmъ (dative masculine plural)
ediněmъ (dative feminine plural)
ediněmъ (dative neuter plural)
ediněmi (instrumental masculine plural)
ediněmi (feminine instrumental plural)
ediněmi (instrumental neuter plural)
*edьnъ (alternative)
*odinъ (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: одинъ (odinŭ)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: оди́нъ (odín), ади́нъ (adín) — Middle Belarusian
Belarusian: адзі́н (adzín)
Ukrainian: оди́н (odýn); оде́н (odén), йоде́н (jodén), їде́н (jidén) (dialectal)

Russian: оди́н (odín)

Old Novgorodian: одине (odine)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: единъ (edinŭ), ѥдьнъ (jedĭnŭ)

Glagolitic: ⰵⰴⰺⱀⱏ (edinŭ), ⰵⰴⱐⱀⱏ (edĭnŭ)

Bulgarian: еди́н (edín), едъ́н (edǎ́n) (Torlakian dialects) (with ъ < OCS ь)

Macedonian: е́ден (éden)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: јѐдан

Latin script: jèdan

Slovene: édən, ȅn (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jeden, jediný
Czech: jeden
Czech: jediný

Old Polish: jeden, jaden
Polish: jeden
Silesian: jedyn

Slovak: jeden

Polabian: jadån

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: jeden

Slovincian: jëden

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: jaden

Upper Sorbian: jedyn

From Early Proto-Slavic *edī́˙nu, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *edīˀnas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁edʰ-(H)iHnos, with *h₁edʰ- element. Ultimately from *h₁óy(H)nos. Cognate with Latvian viêns, Lithuanian vi̇́enas and Old Prussian ains. The vowel of the second syllable behaves similarly to a tense jer: in a strong position it manifests as */i/ (sometimes */e/), in a weak position it is dropped.
The West Slavic forms show a depalatalized d.


mydlo

mỳdlo (canonical neuter)
mỳdlo (nominative singular)
mỳdlě (dual nominative)
mỳdla (nominative plural)
mỳdla (genitive singular)
mỳdlu (dual genitive)
mỳdlъ (genitive plural)
mỳdlu (dative singular)
mỳdloma (dative dual)
mỳdlomъ (dative plural)
mỳdlo (accusative singular)
mỳdlě (accusative dual)
mỳdla (accusative plural)
mỳdlъmь (instrumental singular)
mỳdlomь (instrumental singular)
mỳdloma (dual instrumental)
mỳdlȳ (instrumental plural)
mỳdlě (locative singular)
mỳdlu (dual locative)
mỳdlě̄xъ (locative plural)
mỳdlo (singular vocative)
mỳdlě (dual vocative)
mỳdla (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мꙑ́ло (mýlo)

Belarusian: мы́ла (mýla)

Russian: мы́ло (mýlo)
→ Ingrian: muila
→ Karelian: muila
→ Lithuanian: muilas
→ Nivkh: мыло (məlo)
→ Votic: muilõ, mõilõ
→ Yakut: мыыла (mııla)

Carpathian Rusyn: мыдло (mŷdlo)

Ukrainian: ми́ло (mýlo)

Old Novgorodian: мꙑ́гло (mýglo)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мꙑло (mylo)

Glagolitic: ⰿⱏⰻⰾⱁ (mylo)

Bulgarian: ми́ло (mílo) (dated, biblical)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ми̏ло (dated)

Latin: mȉlo (dated)

Slovene: mílo (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mýdlo

Czech: mýdlo

Kashubian: mëdło

Polish: mydło

Slovak: mydlo

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: mydło

Upper Sorbian: mydło

Non-Slavic:

→? Proto-Samic: *multtē (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-Finnic: *mukla (see there for further descendants)

From *myti (“to wash”) + *-dlo (instrument suffix).


medъ

mȅdъ (canonical masculine)
mȅdъ (nominative singular)
mȅdy (dual nominative)
mȅdove (nominative plural)
mȅdu (genitive singular)
medovù (dual genitive)
medòvъ (genitive plural)
mȅdovi (dative singular)
medъmà (dative dual)
mȅdъmъ (dative plural)
mȅdъ (accusative singular)
mȅdy (accusative dual)
mȅdy (accusative plural)
mȅdъmь (instrumental singular)
medъmà (dual instrumental)
medъmì (instrumental plural)
medú (locative singular)
medovù (dual locative)
mȅdъxъ (locative plural)
medu (singular vocative)
mȅdy (dual vocative)
mȅdove (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: медъ (medŭ)
Old Ruthenian: медъ (med), мѣдъ (měd), мюдъ (mjud)
Belarusian: мёд (mjod); мед (mjed), мэд (med), мід (mid), мідь (midʹ) (dialectal)
Carpathian Rusyn: мюд (mjud), мед (med)
Ukrainian: мед (med); мід (mid) (dialectal)
Russian: мёд (mjod)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: медъ (medŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰿⰵⰴⱏ (medŭ)

Bulgarian: мед (med); мяд (mjad) (dialectal)

Macedonian: мед (med)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ме̑д

Latin script: mȇd

Slovene: mẹ̑d (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: med

Czech: med

Kashubian: miód

Polabian: med

Old Polish: miód

Polish: miód

desc

→ Old Ruthenian: мїодъ (mjod), модъ (mod) (dialectal)

Old Slovak: med

Pannonian Rusyn: мед (med)

Slovak: med

Slovincian: mjód

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: mjod

→? Upper Sorbian: mjód

Upper Sorbian: měd

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: mied

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *médus, from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu.

medovъ*medovina ()*medovъka ()

of honey; honey extract; sweet fruit, product


svinьja

svinьjà (canonical feminine)
svinьjà (nominative singular)
svȋnьji (dual nominative)
svȋnьję̇ (nominative plural)
svinьję̇́ (genitive singular)
svinьjù (dual genitive)
svinь̀jь (genitive plural)
svinьjì (dative singular)
svinьjàma (dative dual)
svinьjàmъ (dative plural)
svȋnьjǫ (accusative singular)
svȋnьji (accusative dual)
svȋnьję̇ (accusative plural)
svinьjejǫ́ (instrumental singular)
svinьjàma (dual instrumental)
svinьjàmi (instrumental plural)
svȋnьjī (locative singular)
svinьjù (dual locative)
svinьjàsъ (locative plural)
svinьjàxъ (locative plural)
svinьje (singular vocative)
svȋnьji (dual vocative)
svȋnьję̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: свиньꙗ (svinĭja), свиниꙗ (svinija)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: свинꙗ́ (svinjá), свынꙗ́ (svynjá), свиннꙗ́ (svinnjá), свиньꙗ́ (svinʹjá), свинїꙗ́ (svinijá)
Belarusian: свіння́ (svinnjá), сьвіньня́ (sʹvinʹnjá), (dialectal) свіня́ (svinjá), свінья́ (svinʹjá)
Carpathian Rusyn: свиня́ (svynjá)
Ukrainian: свиня́ (svynjá)

Russian: свинья́ (svinʹjá)

Old Novgorodian: свиньꙗ (svinĭja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: свиниꙗ (svinija)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⰲⰺⱀⰺⱑ (sviniě)

Macedonian: свиња (svinja)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сви́ња

Latin script: svínja

Slovene: svinja

West Slavic:

Kashubian: swinia

Old Czech: svině

Czech: svině

Polabian: svaińă

Old Polish: świnia

Polish: świnia

Old Slovak: sviňa

Pannonian Rusyn: швиня (švinja)

Slovak: sviňa

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: swinjo

Lower Sorbian: swinja

Probably from early *svīnī f, from an adjectival form *svinъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *swīˀnas, from Proto-Indo-European *suH-iHnos, from *suH- (“pig, hog, swine”) + *-iHnos.
Baltic cognates include Old Prussian swintian. Further cognates with Latvian sivēns, Latin suīnus (“swine; porcine”), Proto-Germanic *swīną (“pig, swine”) (from which comes Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽 (swein), Old High German swīn, English swine, Old Norse svín).


měsęcь

mě̀sę̄cь (canonical masculine)
mě̀sę̄cь (nominative singular)
mě̀sę̄ca (dual nominative)
mě̀sę̄ci (nominative plural)
mě̀sę̄ca (genitive singular)
mě̀sę̄cu (dual genitive)
mě̀sę̄cь (genitive plural)
mě̀sę̄cu (dative singular)
mě̀sę̄cema (dative dual)
mě̀sę̄cēmъ (dative plural)
mě̀sę̄cь (accusative singular)
mě̀sę̄ca (accusative dual)
mě̀sę̄cę̇ (accusative plural)
mě̀sę̄cьmь (instrumental singular)
mě̀sę̄cemь (instrumental singular)
mě̀sę̄cema (dual instrumental)
mě̀sę̄cī (instrumental plural)
mě̀sę̄ci (locative singular)
mě̀sę̄cu (dual locative)
mě̀sę̄cīxъ (locative plural)
mě̀sę̄če (singular vocative)
mě̀sę̄ca (dual vocative)
mě̀sę̄ci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мѣсѧць (měsęcĭ)
Old Ruthenian: мѣсѧць (měsjacʹ), мѣсѧцъ (měsjacʹ), мѣсєцъ (měsjecʹ)
Belarusian: ме́сяц (mjésjac)
Carpathian Rusyn: мі́сяць (mísjacʹ)
Ukrainian: мі́сяць (mísjacʹ)
Russian: ме́сяц (mésjac)

Old Novgorodian: мѣсѧць (měsęćĭ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мѣсѧць (měsęcĭ)

Glagolitic: ⰿⱑⱄⱔⱌⱐ (měsęcĭ)

desc

Bulgarian: ме́сец (mésec), ме́синц (mésinc) (dialectal)

Macedonian: ме́сец (mésec)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ме̏се̄ц, мје̏се̄ц

Roman: mȅsēc, mjȅsēc

Slovene: mẹ̑səc (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: měsiec

Czech: měsíc

desctree

Old Polish: miesiąc
Polish: miesiąc, mięsiąc (Middle Polish), mniesiąc (Far Masovian)
Silesian: miesiōnc, mjeśůnc (Steuer's Silesian Alphabet)

Old Slovak: mesác, mesiac, mesíc

Pannonian Rusyn: мешац (mešac)

Slovak: mesiac

Pomeranian:

desc

Kashubian: miesąc (“moon, month”), miesądz, miesydz; miesyńc (“full moon”)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: mjasec

Upper Sorbian: měsac

From earlier *mēs-en-ko, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *mḗˀn(e)s- ~ *mḗˀnō, from Proto-Indo-European *meh₁ns-(e)n-ko- (“moon, month”).


svętъ

svę̑tъ (canonical)
svętъ (masculine nominative singular)
svęta (feminine nominative singular)
svęto (neuter nominative singular)
svęta (genitive masculine singular)
svęty (feminine genitive singular)
svęta (genitive neuter singular)
svętu (dative masculine singular)
svętě (dative feminine singular)
svętu (dative neuter singular)
svętъ (accusative masculine singular)
svętǫ (accusative feminine singular)
svęto (accusative neuter singular)
svętomь (instrumental masculine singular)
svętojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
svętomь (instrumental neuter singular)
svętě (locative masculine singular)
svętě (feminine locative singular)
svętě (locative neuter singular)
svęte (masculine singular vocative)
svęto (feminine singular vocative)
svęto (neuter singular vocative)
svęta (dual masculine nominative)
svętě (dual feminine nominative)
svętě (dual neuter nominative)
svętu (dual genitive masculine)
svętu (dual feminine genitive)
svętu (dual genitive neuter)
svętoma (dative dual masculine)
svętama (dative dual feminine)
svętoma (dative dual neuter)
svęta (accusative dual masculine)
svętě (accusative dual feminine)
svętě (accusative dual neuter)
svętoma (dual instrumental masculine)
svętama (dual feminine instrumental)
svętoma (dual instrumental neuter)
svętu (dual locative masculine)
svętu (dual feminine locative)
svętu (dual locative neuter)
svęta (dual masculine vocative)
svętě (dual feminine vocative)
svętě (dual neuter vocative)
svęti (masculine nominative plural)
svęty (feminine nominative plural)
svęta (neuter nominative plural)
svętъ (genitive masculine plural)
svętъ (feminine genitive plural)
svętъ (genitive neuter plural)
svętomъ (dative masculine plural)
svętamъ (dative feminine plural)
svętomъ (dative neuter plural)
svęty (accusative masculine plural)
svęty (accusative feminine plural)
svęta (accusative neuter plural)
svęty (instrumental masculine plural)
svętami (feminine instrumental plural)
svęty (instrumental neuter plural)
svętěxъ (locative masculine plural)
svętaxъ (feminine locative plural)
svętěxъ (locative neuter plural)
svęti (masculine plural vocative)
svęty (feminine plural vocative)
svęta (neuter plural vocative)
svętъjь (masculine nominative singular)
svętaja (feminine nominative singular)
svętoje (neuter nominative singular)
svętajego (genitive masculine singular)
svętyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
svętajego (genitive neuter singular)
svętujemu (dative masculine singular)
svętěji (dative feminine singular)
svętujemu (dative neuter singular)
svętъjь (accusative masculine singular)
svętǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
svętoje (accusative neuter singular)
svętyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
svętǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
svętyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
svętějemь (locative masculine singular)
svętěji (feminine locative singular)
svętějemь (locative neuter singular)
svętъjь (masculine singular vocative)
svętaja (feminine singular vocative)
svętoje (neuter singular vocative)
svętaja (dual masculine nominative)
svętěji (dual feminine nominative)
svętěji (dual neuter nominative)
svętuju (dual genitive masculine)
svętuju (dual feminine genitive)
svętuju (dual genitive neuter)
svętyjima (dative dual masculine)
svętyjima (dative dual feminine)
svętyjima (dative dual neuter)
svętaja (accusative dual masculine)
svętěji (accusative dual feminine)
svętěji (accusative dual neuter)
svętyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
svętyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
svętyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
svętuju (dual locative masculine)
svętuju (dual feminine locative)
svętuju (dual locative neuter)
svętaja (dual masculine vocative)
svętěji (dual feminine vocative)
svętěji (dual neuter vocative)
svętiji (masculine nominative plural)
svętyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
svętaja (neuter nominative plural)
svętъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
svętъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
svętъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
svętyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
svętyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
svętyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
svętyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
svętyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
svętaja (accusative neuter plural)
svętyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
svętyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
svętyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
svętyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
svętyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
svętyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
svętiji (masculine plural vocative)
svętyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
svętaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: свѧтъ (svętŭ)

desc

Old Ruthenian: свѧтый (svjatyj), свєтый (svjetyj)

Belarusian: святы́ (svjatý)

Ukrainian: святи́й (svjatýj)

Russian: свято́й (svjatój)

→ Latvian: svēts

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: свѧтъ (svętŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⰲⱔⱅⱏ (svętŭ)

Bulgarian: свят (svjat)

Macedonian: свет (svet)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: све̑т

Latin script: svȇt

Slovene: svẹ̑t (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: swiãti

Old Czech: svatý

Czech: svatý

Polabian: sjǫtĕ

Old Polish: święty

Polish: święty

Silesian: świynty

Slovak: svätý

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: swjaty

Lower Sorbian: swěty

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: sfânt

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śwentas, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwen- (“holy”).


světъ

svě̑tъ (canonical masculine)
svě̑tъ (nominative singular)
svě̑ta (dual nominative)
svě̑ti (nominative plural)
svě̑ta (genitive singular)
světù (dual genitive)
svě̃tъ (genitive plural)
svě̑tu (dative singular)
světomà (dative dual)
světòmъ (dative plural)
svě̑tъ (accusative singular)
svě̑ta (accusative dual)
svě̑ty (accusative plural)
svě̑tъmь (instrumental singular)
svě̑tomь (instrumental singular)
světomà (dual instrumental)
světý (instrumental plural)
svě̑tě (locative singular)
světù (dual locative)
světě̃xъ (locative plural)
světe (singular vocative)
svě̑ta (dual vocative)
svě̑ti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: свѣтъ (světŭ)
Old Ruthenian: свѣтъ (svět)
Belarusian: свет (svjet)
Carpathian Rusyn: світ (svit)
Ukrainian: світ (svit)
Russian: свет (svet)

→ Lithuanian: svietas (obsolete)

→ Samogitian: sviets

Old Novgorodian: свѣте (světe)

desc

Old Pskovian: *хвѣте (*xvæte, x < ś < s)

→ Russian: хвет (xvet) (Pskov)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: свѣтъ (světŭ)

Glagolitic: ⱄⰲⱑⱅⱏ (světŭ)

Bulgarian: свят (svjat)

Macedonian: свет (svet)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: све̑т, свије̑т, сви̑т

Latin: svȇt, svijȇt, svȋt

Slovene: svẹ̑t (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: svět
Czech: svět

desctree

Old Polish: świat
Polish: świat
Silesian: świat

Old Slovak: svet, svit

Pannonian Rusyn: швет (švet)

Slovak: svet (“world”), svit (“light”)

Polabian: sjot
→ German: Schwedt

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: swiat

Slovincian: swjat

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: swět

Lower Sorbian: swět

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: világ (semantic loan)

→ Romanian: lume (semantic loan)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śwaitas, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweyt- (“to shine”). Cognate with Lithuanian šviẽsti (“to shine”), Sanskrit श्वेत (śvetá, “white, bright”), Proto-Germanic *hwītaz (“white”). Doublet of *květъ.


synъ

sy̑nъ (canonical masculine)
sy̑nъ (nominative singular)
sy̑ny (dual nominative)
sy̑nove (nominative plural)
sy̑nu (genitive singular)
synovù (dual genitive)
synòvъ (genitive plural)
sy̑novi (dative singular)
synъmà (dative dual)
sy̑nъmъ (dative plural)
sy̑nъ (accusative singular)
sy̑ny (accusative dual)
sy̑ny (accusative plural)
sy̑nъmь (instrumental singular)
synъmà (dual instrumental)
synъmì (instrumental plural)
synú (locative singular)
synovù (dual locative)
sy̑nъxъ (locative plural)
synu (singular vocative)
sy̑ny (dual vocative)
sy̑nove (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: сꙑнъ (synŭ)
Old Ruthenian: сынъ (syn)
Belarusian: сын (syn)
Carpathian Rusyn: сын (sŷn)
Ukrainian: син (syn)
Russian: сын (syn)

Old Novgorodian: сꙑнъ (synŭ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱏⰺⱀⱏ (synŭ)

Old Cyrillic script: сꙑнъ (synŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: си̑н

Latin script: sȋn

Slovene: sȋn (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: syn
Czech: syn

Old Polish: syn
Polish: syn
Silesian: syn

Old Slovak: syn
Pannonian Rusyn: син (sin)
Slovak: syn

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: syn

Slovincian: syn

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: syn

Upper Sorbian: syn

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.