orzuměti

orzuměnьje (noun-from-verb)
orzuměti (infinitive)
orzumětъ (supine)
orzumělъ (l-participle)
orzuměnъ (participle passive past)
orzumějemъ (participle passive present)
orzuměvъ (active participle past)
orzuměję (active participle present)
orzuměxъ (aorist first-person singular)
orzumě (aorist second-person singular)
orzumě (aorist singular third-person)
orzumějǫ (first-person present singular)
orzuměješi (present second-person singular)
orzumějetь (present singular third-person)
orzuměxově (aorist dual first-person)
orzuměsta (aorist dual second-person)
orzuměste (aorist dual third-person)
orzumějevě (dual first-person present)
orzumějeta (dual present second-person)
orzumějete (dual present third-person)
orzuměxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
orzuměste (aorist plural second-person)
orzuměšę (aorist plural third-person)
orzumějemъ (first-person plural present)
orzumějete (plural present second-person)
orzumějǫtь (plural present third-person)
orzuměaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
orzuměaše (imperfect second-person singular)
orzuměaše (imperfect singular third-person)
orzuměji (imperative second-person singular)
orzuměji (imperative singular third-person)
orzuměaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
orzuměašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
orzuměašete (dual imperfect third-person)
orzumějivě (dual first-person imperative)
orzumějita (dual imperative second-person)
orzuměaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
orzuměašete (imperfect plural second-person)
orzuměaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
orzumějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
orzumějite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: разуме́ць (razumjécʹ)

Russian: разуме́ть (razumétʹ) (dated)

Ukrainian: розумі́ти (rozumíty)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: разоумѣти (razuměti)

Bulgarian: разумея (razumeja)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: разу̀мети, разу̀мјети

Latin: razùmeti, razùmjeti

Slovene: razumẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: rozuměti

Czech: rozumět

desctree

Old Polish: rozumieć, rozmieć
Polish: rozumieć, rozmieć (Middle Polish)
Silesian: rozumieć

Old Slovak: rozumieť

Pannonian Rusyn: розумиц (rozumic)

Slovak: rozumieť

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: rozmiôc

Slovincian: rozmjoc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: rozumić

Lower Sorbian: rozměś


dělati

dělanьje (noun-from-verb)
dělati (infinitive)
dělatъ (supine)
dělalъ (l-participle)
dělanъ (participle passive past)
dělajemъ (participle passive present)
dělavъ (active participle past)
dělaję (active participle present)
dělaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
děla (aorist second-person singular)
děla (aorist singular third-person)
dělajǫ (first-person present singular)
dělaješi (present second-person singular)
dělajetь (present singular third-person)
dělaxově (aorist dual first-person)
dělasta (aorist dual second-person)
dělaste (aorist dual third-person)
dělajevě (dual first-person present)
dělajeta (dual present second-person)
dělajete (dual present third-person)
dělaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dělaste (aorist plural second-person)
dělašę (aorist plural third-person)
dělajemъ (first-person plural present)
dělajete (plural present second-person)
dělajǫtь (plural present third-person)
dělaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dělaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dělaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dělaji (imperative second-person singular)
dělaji (imperative singular third-person)
dělaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dělaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dělaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dělajivě (dual first-person imperative)
dělajita (dual imperative second-person)
dělaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dělaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dělaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dělajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dělajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Belarusian: дзе́лаць (dzjélacʹ, “act, to do something about something”)

Russian: де́лать (délatʹ)

Ukrainian: ді́лати (dílaty, “act, to do something about something”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: дѣлати (dělati)

Bulgarian: дя́лам (djálam, “to hack, to chip”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: де̏лати, дје̏лати

Latin script: dȅlati, djȅlati

Slovene: délati

West Slavic:

desctree

Old Czech: dělati, děłati (alternative writing)
Czech: dělat

Old Polish: działać, dziełać
Polish: działać, dziełać (Lasovia)
Silesian: działać

Polabian: ďolăt

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: dzałac

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: dźěłać

Lower Sorbian: źěłaś


uměti

uměnьje (noun-from-verb)
uměti (infinitive)
umětъ (supine)
umělъ (l-participle)
uměnъ (participle passive past)
umějemъ (participle passive present)
uměvъ (active participle past)
uměję (active participle present)
uměxъ (aorist first-person singular)
umě (aorist second-person singular)
umě (aorist singular third-person)
umějǫ (first-person present singular)
uměješi (present second-person singular)
umějetь (present singular third-person)
uměxově (aorist dual first-person)
uměsta (aorist dual second-person)
uměste (aorist dual third-person)
umějevě (dual first-person present)
umějeta (dual present second-person)
umějete (dual present third-person)
uměxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
uměste (aorist plural second-person)
uměšę (aorist plural third-person)
umějemъ (first-person plural present)
umějete (plural present second-person)
umějǫtь (plural present third-person)
uměaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
uměaše (imperfect second-person singular)
uměaše (imperfect singular third-person)
uměji (imperative second-person singular)
uměji (imperative singular third-person)
uměaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
uměašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
uměašete (dual imperfect third-person)
umějivě (dual first-person imperative)
umějita (dual imperative second-person)
uměaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
uměašete (imperfect plural second-person)
uměaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
umějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
umějite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: оумѣти (uměti)

Belarusian: уме́ць (umjécʹ)/ ўмець (ŭmjecʹ)

Russian: уме́ть (umétʹ)

Ukrainian: вмі́ти (vmíty)/ умі́ти (umíty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: оумѣти (uměti)

Glagolitic script: ⱆⰿⱑⱅⰹ (uměti)

Bulgarian: уме́я (uméja)

Macedonian: умее (umee)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: у̀мети, у̀мјети

Latin script: ùmeti, ùmjeti

Slovene: uméti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: uměti

Czech: umět

Old Polish: umieć, humieć
Polish: umieć
Silesian: umieć

Slovak: umieť

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: ùmiec

Slovincian: wùmjoc

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: huměś

Upper Sorbian: wuměć


sъlati

b (accent-paradigm)
sъlanьje (noun-from-verb)
sъlati (infinitive)
sъlatъ (supine)
sъlalъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
sъlanъ (participle passive past)
sъľemъ (participle passive present)
sъlavъ (active participle past)
sъľę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
sъlaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sъla (aorist second-person singular)
sъla (aorist singular third-person)
sъľǫ (first-person present singular)
sъľeši (present second-person singular)
sъľetь (present singular third-person)
sъlaxově (aorist dual first-person)
sъlasta (aorist dual second-person)
sъlaste (aorist dual third-person)
sъľevě (dual first-person present)
sъľeta (dual present second-person)
sъľete (dual present third-person)
sъlaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sъlaste (aorist plural second-person)
sъlašę (aorist plural third-person)
sъľemъ (first-person plural present)
sъľete (plural present second-person)
sъľǫtь (plural present third-person)
sъlaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sъlaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sъlaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sъľi (imperative second-person singular)
sъľi (imperative singular third-person)
sъlaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sъlaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sъlaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sъľivě (dual first-person imperative)
sъľita (dual imperative second-person)
sъlaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sъlaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sъlaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sъľimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sъľite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Belarusian: слаць (slacʹ), пасла́ць (paslácʹ)

Russian: сла́ть (slátʹ), посла́ть (poslátʹ)

Ukrainian: сла́ти (sláty), посла́ти (posláty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: сълати (sŭlati)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сла̏ти

Latin script: slȁti

⇒ Slovene: posláti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

⇒ Czech: poslat

Kashubian: słac, swac

Old Polish: słać
Polish: słać

Slovak: poslať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: słaś

Upper Sorbian: słać

Uncertain. Generally considered to be from Proto-Indo-European *selH-, however, it is unclear if the Slavic lemma reflects:
* *selh₁- (“to favour”) which gave Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (saljan, “to sacrifice”);
* *selh₂- (“to be merciful, to comfort”) which is the origin of Latin sōlor (“to comfort”), Ancient Greek ἱλάσκομαι (hiláskomai, “to appease, conciliate”), and Gothic 𐍃𐌴𐌻𐍃 (sēls, “good, kind”).
* *solh₂- (“to be whole”) which is the origin of Latin solidus (“solid”), Ancient Greek ὅλος (hólos, “whole, holastic”), and Sanskrit सर्व (sarva, “entire”).

cog

to delegate; messenger; message; delegation, visit; envoy, messenger

posъlati*posъlanikъ ()*posъlanьje ()*posъlьstvo ()*posъlъ ()


cělovati

cělovàti (canonical imperfective)
cělovanьje (noun-from-verb)
cělovati (infinitive)
cělovatъ (supine)
cělovalъ (l-participle)
cělovanъ (participle passive past)
cělujemъ (participle passive present)
cělovavъ (active participle past)
cěluję (active participle present)
cělovaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
cělova (aorist second-person singular)
cělova (aorist singular third-person)
cělujǫ (first-person present singular)
cěluješi (present second-person singular)
cělujetь (present singular third-person)
cělovaxově (aorist dual first-person)
cělovasta (aorist dual second-person)
cělovaste (aorist dual third-person)
cělujevě (dual first-person present)
cělujeta (dual present second-person)
cělujete (dual present third-person)
cělovaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
cělovaste (aorist plural second-person)
cělovašę (aorist plural third-person)
cělujemъ (first-person plural present)
cělujete (plural present second-person)
cělujǫtь (plural present third-person)
cělovaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
cělovaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
cělovaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
cěluji (imperative second-person singular)
cěluji (imperative singular third-person)
cělovaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
cělovaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
cělovaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
cělujivě (dual first-person imperative)
cělujita (dual imperative second-person)
cělovaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
cělovaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
cělovaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
cělujimъ (first-person imperative plural)
cělujite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: цѣловати (cělovati)

Belarusian: цалава́ць (calavácʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: цюловати (cjulovaty)

Russian: целова́ть (celovátʹ)

Ukrainian: цілува́ти (ciluváty)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: цѣловати (cělovati)

Bulgarian: целу́вам (celúvam)

Macedonian: целува (celuva)

Serbo-Croatian: цели́вати

Slovene: célovati

West Slavic:

Old Czech: cělovati

Czech: celovat

Kashubian: całowac

desctree

Old Polish: całować, całuwać
Polish: całować
Silesian: całować

Old Slovak: celovať, *cilovať

Pannonian Rusyn: циловац (cilovac)

Slovak: celovať

From *cělъ (“whole”) + *-ovati (u-stem).
Compare
Old Prussian kayle,
Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐍃 (hails, “hail!”),
Latin salūtō, salvē.


rinǫti

rìnǫti (canonical perfective)
rivati (South imperfective)
rějati (North imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
rinovenьje (noun-from-verb)
rinǫti (infinitive)
rinǫtъ (supine)
rinǫlъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
rinovenъ (participle passive past)
rinǫvъ (active participle past)
a (accent-paradigm)
rinǫxъ (aorist first-person singular)
rinǫ (aorist second-person singular)
rinǫ (aorist singular third-person)
rinǫ (first-person present singular)
rineši (present second-person singular)
rinetь (present singular third-person)
rinǫxově (aorist dual first-person)
rinǫsta (aorist dual second-person)
rinǫste (aorist dual third-person)
rinevě (dual first-person present)
rineta (dual present second-person)
rinete (dual present third-person)
rinǫxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
rinǫste (aorist plural second-person)
rinǫšę (aorist plural third-person)
rinemъ (first-person plural present)
rinete (plural present second-person)
rinǫtь (plural present third-person)
rini (imperative second-person singular)
rini (imperative singular third-person)
riněvě (dual first-person imperative)
riněta (dual imperative second-person)
riněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
riněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: ринѫти (rinǫti), ринути (rinuti)

ры́нуцца (rýnucca)

Belarusian: ры́нуць (rýnucʹ); ры́нуцца (rýnucca)

ри́нуться (rínutʹsja)

Russian: ри́нуть (rínutʹ) (obsolete); ри́нуться (rínutʹsja)

ри́нутися (rýnutysja)

Ukrainian: ри́нути (rýnuty); ри́нутися (rýnutysja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: ринѫти (rinǫti)

Glagolitic script: ⱃⰻⱀⱘⱅⰻ (rinǫti)

Bulgarian: ри́на (rína)

Macedonian: рине (rine)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ри̏нути

Latin script: rȉnuti

Slovene: ríniti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: řinúti

Czech: řinout se

Slovak: rinúť sa

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃ri-né-H-ti, from the root *h₃reyH-. Cognate with Sanskrit रिणाति (riṇā́ti, “to make flow, to release”), Ancient Greek ὀρῑ́νω (orī́nō, “to set in motion, to stimulate, to irritate”) (Lesbian dialect ὀρίννω (orínnō)), Proto-Germanic *rinnaną (“to run”). Further related to Latin rīvus (“stream”), irrītō (“to irritate”), Old Irish rían (“sea”), riathor (“waterfall”), Old English rīð (“stream”).

cog

to push, to shove, to force
→ (East Slavic) to throw, to expel


mьněti

mьně̀ti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
mьněnьje (noun-from-verb)
mьněti (infinitive)
mьnětъ (supine)
mьnělъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
mьněnъ (participle passive past)
mьnimъ (participle passive present)
mьněvъ (active participle past)
mьnę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
mьněxъ (aorist first-person singular)
mьně (aorist second-person singular)
mьně (aorist singular third-person)
mьňǫ (first-person present singular)
mьniši (present second-person singular)
mьnitь (present singular third-person)
mьněxově (aorist dual first-person)
mьněsta (aorist dual second-person)
mьněste (aorist dual third-person)
mьnivě (dual first-person present)
mьnita (dual present second-person)
mьnite (dual present third-person)
mьněxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mьněste (aorist plural second-person)
mьněšę (aorist plural third-person)
mьnimъ (first-person plural present)
mьnite (plural present second-person)
mьnętь (plural present third-person)
mьněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mьněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mьněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
mьni (imperative second-person singular)
mьni (imperative singular third-person)
mьněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mьněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mьněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mьnivě (dual first-person imperative)
mьnita (dual imperative second-person)
mьněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mьněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mьněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mьnimъ (first-person imperative plural)
mьnite (imperative plural second-person)
*mьniti (alternative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: мьнѣти (mĭněti), мьнити (mĭniti)

Belarusian: мнець (mnjecʹ), мныць (mnycʹ) (obsolete)

Russian: мнить (mnitʹ)

Ukrainian: мни́ти (mnýty) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: мьнѣти (mĭněti)

Bulgarian: мня (mnja) (obsolete; now found only in prefixed verbs)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мнјети (archaic), мни̏ти

Latin script: mnjeti, mnȉti

Slovene: mnẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mnieti

Czech: mnět (obsolete), mnít (literary, archaic)

Old Polish: mnieć
Middle Polish: mnieć

Slovak: mnieť (obsolete)

⇒ Slovak: domnievať sa, domnienka

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *minḗˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *mn-eh₁- (present stem *mn-eye-), from the root *men- (“to think, mind”).


slyšati

a (accent-paradigm)
slyšanьje (noun-from-verb)
slyšati (infinitive)
slyšatъ (supine)
slyšalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
slyšanъ (participle passive past)
slyšimъ (participle passive present)
slyšavъ (active participle past)
slyšę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
slyšaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
slyša (aorist second-person singular)
slyša (aorist singular third-person)
slyšǫ (first-person present singular)
slyšiši (present second-person singular)
slyšitь (present singular third-person)
slyšaxově (aorist dual first-person)
slyšasta (aorist dual second-person)
slyšaste (aorist dual third-person)
slyšivě (dual first-person present)
slyšita (dual present second-person)
slyšite (dual present third-person)
slyšaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
slyšaste (aorist plural second-person)
slyšašę (aorist plural third-person)
slyšimъ (first-person plural present)
slyšite (plural present second-person)
slyšętь (plural present third-person)
slyšaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
slyšaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
slyšaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
slyši (imperative second-person singular)
slyši (imperative singular third-person)
slyšaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
slyšaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
slyšaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
slyšivě (dual first-person imperative)
slyšita (dual imperative second-person)
slyšaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
slyšaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
slyšaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
slyšimъ (first-person imperative plural)
slyšite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old Ruthenian: слышати (slyšati), слышѣти (slyšěti), слыхати (slyxati)

Belarusian: слыха́ць (slyxácʹ)

Ukrainian: слиша́ти (slyšáty), слиха́ти (slyxáty)

Russian: слы́шать (slýšatʹ), слыха́ть (slyxátʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: слꙑшати (slyšati)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сли̏шати (obsolete)

Latin script: slȉšati (obsolete)

Slovene: slíšati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desctree

Old Czech: slyšěti, słyšěti (alternative writing)
Czech: slyšet

Old Polish: słyszeć
Polish: słyszeć
Silesian: słyszeć

Slovak: slyšať

Polabian: slåisot

Pomeranian:

Slovincian: słëszec

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: słyšeć

Lower Sorbian: słyšaś

From earlier *slyxěti, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to hear”).


jьměti

jьměnьje (noun-from-verb)
jьměti (infinitive)
jьmětъ (supine)
jьmělъ (l-participle)
jьměnъ (participle passive past)
jьmějemъ (participle passive present)
jьměvъ (active participle past)
jьměję (active participle present)
jьměxъ (aorist first-person singular)
jьmě (aorist second-person singular)
jьmě (aorist singular third-person)
jьmějǫ (first-person present singular)
jьměješi (present second-person singular)
jьmějetь (present singular third-person)
jьměxově (aorist dual first-person)
jьměsta (aorist dual second-person)
jьměste (aorist dual third-person)
jьmějevě (dual first-person present)
jьmějeta (dual present second-person)
jьmějete (dual present third-person)
jьměxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
jьměste (aorist plural second-person)
jьměšę (aorist plural third-person)
jьmějemъ (first-person plural present)
jьmějete (plural present second-person)
jьmějǫtь (plural present third-person)
jьměaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
jьměaše (imperfect second-person singular)
jьměaše (imperfect singular third-person)
jьměji (imperative second-person singular)
jьměji (imperative singular third-person)
jьměaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
jьměašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
jьměašete (dual imperfect third-person)
jьmějivě (dual first-person imperative)
jьmějita (dual imperative second-person)
jьměaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
jьměašete (imperfect plural second-person)
jьměaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
jьmějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
jьmějite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: имѣти (iměti)

Belarusian: мець (mjecʹ)

Russian: име́ть (imétʹ)

Ukrainian: імі́ти (imíty), мі́ти (míty) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: имѣти (iměti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: и́мам (ímam)

Macedonian: има (ima)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ѝмјети, ѝмети, ѝмити

Latin: ìmjeti, ìmeti, ìmiti

Slovene: imẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jmieti
Czech: mít
Moravian: mět

Old Polish: mieć
Polish: mieć
Silesian: mieć

Slovak: mať

Polabian: met

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: miec

Slovincian: mjêc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: měć

Lower Sorbian: měś

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁em- (“to take, distribute”). Related to *ętì (“to take”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *émtei.


karati

karanьje (noun-from-verb)
karati (infinitive)
karatъ (supine)
karalъ (l-participle)
karanъ (participle passive past)
karajemъ (participle passive present)
karavъ (active participle past)
karaję (active participle present)
karaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kara (aorist second-person singular)
kara (aorist singular third-person)
karajǫ (first-person present singular)
karaješi (present second-person singular)
karajetь (present singular third-person)
karaxově (aorist dual first-person)
karasta (aorist dual second-person)
karaste (aorist dual third-person)
karajevě (dual first-person present)
karajeta (dual present second-person)
karajete (dual present third-person)
karaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
karaste (aorist plural second-person)
karašę (aorist plural third-person)
karajemъ (first-person plural present)
karajete (plural present second-person)
karajǫtь (plural present third-person)
karaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
karaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
karaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
karaji (imperative second-person singular)
karaji (imperative singular third-person)
karaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
karaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
karaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
karajivě (dual first-person imperative)
karajita (dual imperative second-person)
karaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
karaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
karaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
karajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
karajite (imperative plural second-person)

Church Slavonic: карати (karati) (Serbian)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: карати (karati) (14th century)

Belarusian: кара́ць (karácʹ)

Russian: кара́ть (karátʹ)

Ukrainian: кара́ти (karáty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ка́рам (káram) (dialectal)

⇒ Bulgarian: ка́рам се (káram se)

Macedonian: кара (kara)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ка́рати

Latin script: kárati

Slovene: kȃrati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kárati

Czech: kárat

Old Polish: karać

Polish: karać

Silesian: kŏrać

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: karac

Slovincian: karac

Slovak: kárať (literary)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: karaś

From the same root as *korìti (“to reproach”), with a long root vowel that is (per Derksen) of Proto-Slavic origin.


nosъ

nȍsъ (canonical masculine)
nȍsъ (nominative singular)
nȍsa (dual nominative)
nȍsi (nominative plural)
nȍsa (genitive singular)
nosù (dual genitive)
nòsъ (genitive plural)
nȍsu (dative singular)
nosomà (dative dual)
nosòmъ (dative plural)
nȍsъ (accusative singular)
nȍsa (accusative dual)
nȍsy (accusative plural)
nȍsъmь (instrumental singular)
nȍsomь (instrumental singular)
nosomà (dual instrumental)
nosý (instrumental plural)
nȍsě (locative singular)
nosù (dual locative)
nosě̃xъ (locative plural)
nose (singular vocative)
nȍsa (dual vocative)
nȍsi (plural vocative)
nȍsъ (nominative singular)
nȍsy (dual nominative)
nȍsove (nominative plural)
nȍsu (genitive singular)
nosovù (dual genitive)
nosòvъ (genitive plural)
nȍsovi (dative singular)
nosъmà (dative dual)
nȍsъmъ (dative plural)
nȍsъ (accusative singular)
nȍsy (accusative dual)
nȍsy (accusative plural)
nȍsъmь (instrumental singular)
nosъmà (dual instrumental)
nosъmì (instrumental plural)
nosú (locative singular)
nosovù (dual locative)
nȍsъxъ (locative plural)
nosu (singular vocative)
nȍsy (dual vocative)
nȍsove (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: носъ (nosŭ)

Old Ruthenian: носъ (nos)

Belarusian: нос (nos)

Carpathian Rusyn: нус (nus)

Ukrainian: ніс (nis)

Russian: нос (nos)

Old Novgorodian: носъ (nosŭ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: носъ (nosŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱀⱁⱄⱏ (nosŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: но̑с

Latin script: nȏs

Slovene: nọ̑s (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: nos
Czech: nos

desctree

Old Polish: nos
Polish: nos
Silesian: nos

Old Slovak: nos
Pannonian Rusyn: нос (nos)
Slovak: nos

Polabian: nös

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: nos

Slovincian: nôs

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: nós

Lower Sorbian: nos

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s
Proto-Balto-Slavic *nasús
Proto-Slavic *nosъ
Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *nasús (“nose”).


čapati

čapanьje (noun-from-verb)
čapati (infinitive)
čapatъ (supine)
čapalъ (l-participle)
čapanъ (participle passive past)
čapajemъ (participle passive present)
čapavъ (active participle past)
čapaję (active participle present)
čapaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
čapa (aorist second-person singular)
čapa (aorist singular third-person)
čapajǫ (first-person present singular)
čapaješi (present second-person singular)
čapajetь (present singular third-person)
čapaxově (aorist dual first-person)
čapasta (aorist dual second-person)
čapaste (aorist dual third-person)
čapajevě (dual first-person present)
čapajeta (dual present second-person)
čapajete (dual present third-person)
čapaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
čapaste (aorist plural second-person)
čapašę (aorist plural third-person)
čapajemъ (first-person plural present)
čapajete (plural present second-person)
čapajǫtь (plural present third-person)
čapaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
čapaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
čapaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
čapaji (imperative second-person singular)
čapaji (imperative singular third-person)
čapaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
čapaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
čapaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
čapajivě (dual first-person imperative)
čapajita (dual imperative second-person)
čapaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
čapaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
čapaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
čapajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
čapajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: ча́пать (čápatʹ)

Ukrainian: ча́патися (čápatysja)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: ча́пвам (čápvam), ча́пна (čápna, “I peck, I hook up”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: чапати

Slovene: čáраti (“to catch”)

West Slavic:

Czech: čараti, čарiti

Polish: сzарić, сzарać

Slovak: cáрať, čарiť (“to strike, to grasp”)

Onomatopoeic. Traditionally falsely connected with *keh₂p-. Compare *capati, *xapati.

onomatopoeic

Onomatopoeic


xъtěti

xъtěnьje (noun-from-verb)
xъtěti (infinitive)
xъtětъ (supine)
xъtělъ (l-participle)
xъtěnъ (participle passive past)
xъtimъ (participle passive present)
xъtěvъ (active participle past)
xъtę (active participle present)
xъtěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
xъtě (aorist second-person singular)
xъtě (aorist singular third-person)
xъťǫ (first-person present singular)
xъťi (present second-person singular)
xъťeši (present second-person singular)
xъťetь (present singular third-person)
xъtěxově (aorist dual first-person)
xъtěsta (aorist dual second-person)
xъtěste (aorist dual third-person)
xъťevě (dual first-person present)
xъťeta (dual present second-person)
xъťete (dual present third-person)
xъtěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
xъtěste (aorist plural second-person)
xъtěšę (aorist plural third-person)
xъťemъ (first-person plural present)
xъťete (plural present second-person)
xъtętь (plural present third-person)
xъtěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
xъtěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
xъtěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
xъťi (imperative second-person singular)
xъťi (imperative singular third-person)
xъtěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
xъtěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
xъtěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
xъťivě (dual first-person imperative)
xъťita (dual imperative second-person)
xъtěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
xъtěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
xъtěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
xъťimъ (first-person imperative plural)
xъťite (imperative plural second-person)


xotěti

xъtě̀ti (canonical imperfective)
xotěnьje (noun-from-verb)
xotěti (infinitive)
xotětъ (supine)
xotělъ (l-participle)
xotěnъ (participle passive past)
xotimъ (participle passive present)
xotěvъ (active participle past)
xotę (active participle present)
xotěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
xotě (aorist second-person singular)
xotě (aorist singular third-person)
xoťǫ (first-person present singular)
xoťi (present second-person singular)
xoťeši (present second-person singular)
xoťetь (present singular third-person)
xotěxově (aorist dual first-person)
xotěsta (aorist dual second-person)
xotěste (aorist dual third-person)
xoťevě (dual first-person present)
xoťeta (dual present second-person)
xoťete (dual present third-person)
xotěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
xotěste (aorist plural second-person)
xotěšę (aorist plural third-person)
xoťemъ (first-person plural present)
xoťete (plural present second-person)
xotętь (plural present third-person)
xotěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
xotěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
xotěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
xoťi (imperative second-person singular)
xoťi (imperative singular third-person)
xotěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
xotěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
xotěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
xoťivě (dual first-person imperative)
xoťita (dual imperative second-person)
xotěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
xotěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
xotěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
xoťimъ (first-person imperative plural)
xoťite (imperative plural second-person)
xotěnьje (noun-from-verb)
xotěti (infinitive)
xotětъ (supine)
xotělъ (l-participle)
xotěnъ (participle passive past)
xoťemъ (participle passive present)
xotěvъ (active participle past)
xoťę (active participle present)
xotěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
xotě (aorist second-person singular)
xotě (aorist singular third-person)
xoťǫ (first-person present singular)
xoťeši (present second-person singular)
xoťetь (present singular third-person)
xotěxově (aorist dual first-person)
xotěsta (aorist dual second-person)
xotěste (aorist dual third-person)
xoťevě (dual first-person present)
xoťeta (dual present second-person)
xoťete (dual present third-person)
xotěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
xotěste (aorist plural second-person)
xotěšę (aorist plural third-person)
xoťemъ (first-person plural present)
xoťete (plural present second-person)
xoťǫtь (plural present third-person)
xotěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
xotěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
xotěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
xoťi (imperative second-person singular)
xoťi (imperative singular third-person)
xotěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
xotěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
xotěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
xoťivě (dual first-person imperative)
xoťita (dual imperative second-person)
xotěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
xotěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
xotěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
xoťimъ (first-person imperative plural)
xoťite (imperative plural second-person)
*xъtěti (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: хотѣти (xotěti)

Old Ruthenian: хотѣ́ти (xotě́ti)

Belarusian: хаце́ць (xacjécʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: хотї́ти (xotjíty)

desc

Ukrainian: хоті́ти (xotíty), хті́ти (xtíty)

Russian: хоте́ть (xotétʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: хотѣти (xotěti), хътѣти (xŭtěti)

Bulgarian: ща (šta), ще (šte)

Macedonian: ќе (ḱe), неќе (neḱe)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: хте̏ти, хтје̏ти (pres. хоћу, хоћеш, etc.; auxiliary ћу, ћеш, etc.)

Latin: htȅti, htjȅti (pres. hoću, hoćeš, etc.; auxiliary ću, ćes, etc.)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: hotẹ́ti, htẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: chtieti

Czech: chtít

desctree

Old Polish: chcieć, chocieć, kcieć, ścieć
Polish: chcieć, kcieć (Żywiec, Przemyśl)
Silesian: chcieć

Polabian: *tet

desc

Old Slovak: chcieť, chocieť, chteť, kcieť, scieť, steť

Pannonian Rusyn: сцец (scec)

Slovak: chcieť

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: chcec

Slovincian: cêc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: chcyć

Lower Sorbian: kśěś

From or related to *xvatati (“to grasp, catch, grab”). For semantics shift compare Lithuanian grė́bti (“to seize, grasp, grab”) : Latvian gribēt (“to want”).


dorga

dòrga (canonical feminine)
dòrga (nominative singular)
dòrdzě (dual nominative)
dòrgy (nominative plural)
dòrgy (genitive singular)
dòrgu (dual genitive)
dòrgъ (genitive plural)
dòrdzě (dative singular)
dòrgama (dative dual)
dòrgamъ (dative plural)
dòrgǫ (accusative singular)
dòrdzě (accusative dual)
dòrgy (accusative plural)
dòrgojǫ (instrumental singular)
dòrgǭ (instrumental singular)
dòrgama (dual instrumental)
dòrgamī (instrumental plural)
dòrdzě (locative singular)
dòrgu (dual locative)
dòrgasъ (locative plural)
dòrgaxъ (locative plural)
dòrgo (singular vocative)
dòrdzě (dual vocative)
dòrgy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: даро́га (daróha)

Russian: доро́га (doróga)

desc

Carpathian Rusyn: дорога (doroha), драга (draha) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: доро́га (doróha)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: дра́га (drága, “precipice, steep”) (obsolete, dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дра̏га

Latin script: drȁga

Slovene: drága

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dráha
Czech: dráha

desctree

Old Polish: droga, dróga
Polish: droga
Silesian: (through dróga) drōga

Old Slovak: dráha

Pannonian Rusyn: драга (draha)

Slovak: dráha

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: droga, darga

Slovincian: drôga

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: dróha

Lower Sorbian: droga

O-grade of Proto-Indo-European *derHgʰ- (“to pull, to drag”). By surface analysis, *dorъ (“tearing”) + *-ga.


straxъ

strȃxъ (canonical masculine)
strȃxъ (nominative singular)
strȃxa (dual nominative)
strȃśi (nominative plural)
strȃxa (genitive singular)
straxù (dual genitive)
strãxъ (genitive plural)
strȃxu (dative singular)
straxomà (dative dual)
straxòmъ (dative plural)
strȃxъ (accusative singular)
strȃxa (accusative dual)
strȃxy (accusative plural)
strȃxъmь (instrumental singular)
strȃxomь (instrumental singular)
straxomà (dual instrumental)
straxý (instrumental plural)
strȃśě (locative singular)
straxù (dual locative)
straśě̃xъ (locative plural)
straše (singular vocative)
strȃxa (dual vocative)
strȃśi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: страхъ (straxŭ)

Belarusian: страх (strax)

Russian: страх (strax)

Ukrainian: страх (strax)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: страхъ (straxŭ)

Glagolitic: ⱄⱅⱃⰰⱈⱏ (straxŭ)

Bulgarian: страх (strah)

Macedonian: страв (strav)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: стра̑х

Latin script: strȃh

Slovene: strȃh (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: strach

Czech: strach

Bohemian (Chod dialect): strach

Moravian (Mistřice): strach

Kashubian: strach

Polabian: strox

Old Polish: strach

Polish: strach

Silesian: strach

Slovak: strach

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: tšach

Upper Sorbian: strach, (dialectal) trach

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *strākš-, with Ruki sound change from Proto-Indo-European *(s)treg-. Cognate with Lithuanian stregti, Latin strāges, Proto-West Germanic *strak.


květъ

kvě̑tъ (canonical masculine)
kvě̑tъ (nominative singular)
kvě̑ta (dual nominative)
kvě̑ti (nominative plural)
kvě̑ta (genitive singular)
květù (dual genitive)
kvě̃tъ (genitive plural)
kvě̑tu (dative singular)
květomà (dative dual)
květòmъ (dative plural)
kvě̑tъ (accusative singular)
kvě̑ta (accusative dual)
kvě̑ty (accusative plural)
kvě̑tъmь (instrumental singular)
kvě̑tomь (instrumental singular)
květomà (dual instrumental)
květý (instrumental plural)
kvě̑tě (locative singular)
květù (dual locative)
květě̃xъ (locative plural)
květe (singular vocative)
kvě̑ta (dual vocative)
kvě̑ti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: цвѣтъ (cvětŭ)

Old Ruthenian: цвѣтъ (cvět)

Belarusian: цвет (cvjet) (obsolete)

Carpathian Rusyn: цвіт (cvit)

Ukrainian: цвіт (cvit)

Russian: цвет (cvet) (obsolete)

Old Novgorodian: квѣте (květe)

→ Russian: квет (kvet) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: цвѣтъ (cvětŭ)

desc

Bulgarian: цвят (cvjat), цве́те (cvéte), цвѣтъ (cvět) (obsolete)

Macedonian: цвет (cvet)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: цве̑т, цвије̑т, цви̑т, цвѣтъ (obsolete)

Latin: cvȇt, cvijȇt, cvȋt, cviet (obsolete), cvět (obsolete)

Slovene: cvẹ̑t (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: květ

Czech: květ

desctree

Old Polish: kwiat
Polish: kwiat
→ Old Ruthenian: квѣтъ (květ), квꙗтъ (kvjat)
Belarusian: квет (kvjet)
Ukrainian: квіт (kvit)
→ Yiddish: קווייט (kveyt)
Silesian: kwiat

Old Slovak: kvet

Pannonian Rusyn: квет (kvet)

Slovak: kvet

Polabian: kjot

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: kwiat

Slovincian: kwjat

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: kwět

Upper Sorbian: kwět

→ Yiddish: קווייט (kveyt)

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kwaitas, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwoyt-o-s, with irregular centumization, from *ḱweyt- (“to shine”). By surface analysis, *kvisti (“to bloom”) + *-ъ. Doublet of *světъ.

surf

(botany) flower (the part of the flowering plant containing the reproductive organs)


moťь

mȍťь (canonical feminine)
mȍťь (nominative singular)
mȍťi (dual nominative)
mȍťi (nominative plural)
moťí (genitive singular)
moťьjù (dual genitive)
moťь̀jь (genitive plural)
mȍťi (dative singular)
moťьmà (dative dual)
mȍťьmъ (dative plural)
mȍťь (accusative singular)
mȍťi (accusative dual)
mȍťi (accusative plural)
moťьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
moťьmà (dual instrumental)
moťьmì (instrumental plural)
moťí (locative singular)
moťьjù (dual locative)
mȍťьxъ (locative plural)
moťi (singular vocative)
mȍťi (dual vocative)
mȍťi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мочь (močĭ)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: мочъ (moč)
Ukrainian: міч (mič), моч (moč) (obsolete)

Russian: мочь (močʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⰿⱁⱋⱐ (moštĭ)

Old Cyrillic script: мощь (moštĭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мо̑ћ

Latin script: mȏć

Slovene: mọ̑č (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: moc

Czech: moc

Old Polish: moc
Polish: moc
Silesian: moc
→ Old Ruthenian: моцъ (mocʹ), моць (mocʹ)
Belarusian: моц (moc)
Carpathian Rusyn: муць (mucʹ)
Ukrainian: міць (micʹ); моц (moc) (obsolete)

Old Slovak: moc

Pannonian Rusyn: моц (moc)

Slovak: moc

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: mòc

Slovincian: môc

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *magtis, from Proto-Indo-European *mogʰtis (from *megʰ-), whence also Proto-Germanic *mahtiz (Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃 (mahts, “power, might”), Old English miht). Equivalent to *moťi + *-tь.


merti

mertì (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
mьrtьje (noun-from-verb)
merti (infinitive)
mertъ (supine)
mьrlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
mьrtъ (participle passive past)
mьromъ (participle passive present)
mьrъ (active participle past)
mьry (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
merxъ (aorist first-person singular)
mer (aorist second-person singular)
mertъ (aorist second-person singular)
mer (aorist singular third-person)
mertъ (aorist singular third-person)
mьrǫ (first-person present singular)
mьreši (present second-person singular)
mьretь (present singular third-person)
merxově (aorist dual first-person)
mersta (aorist dual second-person)
merste (aorist dual third-person)
mьrevě (dual first-person present)
mьreta (dual present second-person)
mьrete (dual present third-person)
merxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
merste (aorist plural second-person)
meršę (aorist plural third-person)
mьremъ (first-person plural present)
mьrete (plural present second-person)
mьrǫtь (plural present third-person)
mьrěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mьrěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mьrěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
mьri (imperative second-person singular)
mьri (imperative singular third-person)
mьrěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mьrěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mьrěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mьrěvě (dual first-person imperative)
mьrěta (dual imperative second-person)
mьrěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mьrěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mьrěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mьrěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
mьrěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мерети (mereti)

Belarusian: ме́рці (mjérci)

Russian: мере́ть (merétʹ)

desc

Ukrainian: мере́ти (meréty), ме́рти (mérty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мрѣти (mrěti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: мра (mra)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мрије̑ти

Latin script: mrijȇti

Slovene: mrẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mřieti

Czech: mřít (archaic)

Old Polish: mrzeć

Polish: mrzeć

Silesian: mrzyć

Polabian: marĕt

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: mrzéc

Old Slovak: *mreť, mrieť

Pannonian Rusyn: мрец (mrec)

Slovak: mrieť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: mrěś

Upper Sorbian: mrěć

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *mertéi, from Proto-Indo-European *mer-.


pьrděti

pьrdnǫti (perfective)
pьrděnьje (noun-from-verb)
pьrděti (infinitive)
pьrdětъ (supine)
pьrdělъ (l-participle)
pьrděvъ (active participle past)
pьrdę (active participle present)
pьrděxъ (aorist first-person singular)
pьrdě (aorist second-person singular)
pьrdě (aorist singular third-person)
pьrďǫ (first-person present singular)
pьrdiši (present second-person singular)
pьrditь (present singular third-person)
pьrděxově (aorist dual first-person)
pьrděsta (aorist dual second-person)
pьrděste (aorist dual third-person)
pьrdivě (dual first-person present)
pьrdita (dual present second-person)
pьrdite (dual present third-person)
pьrděxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pьrděste (aorist plural second-person)
pьrděšę (aorist plural third-person)
pьrdimъ (first-person plural present)
pьrdite (plural present second-person)
pьrdętь (plural present third-person)
pьrděaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pьrděaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pьrděaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pьrdi (imperative second-person singular)
pьrdi (imperative singular third-person)
pьrděaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pьrděašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pьrděašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pьrdivě (dual first-person imperative)
pьrdita (dual imperative second-person)
pьrděaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pьrděašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pьrděaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pьrdimъ (first-person imperative plural)
pьrdite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *пьрдѣти (*pĭrděti)

Old Ruthenian: *пердѣти (*perděti)

Belarusian: пярдзе́ць (pjardzjécʹ)

Ukrainian: перді́ти (perdíty)

Russian: перде́ть (perdétʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Bulgarian: пърдя́ (pǎrdjá); пърда́ (pǎrdá), пърдье́ (pǎrdjé) (dialectal)

Macedonian: прди (prdi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пр̀дети, пр̀дјети

Latin script: pr̀deti, pr̀djeti

Slovene: prdẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: prděti

Czech: prdět

Old Polish:

Polish: pierdzieć

Old Slovak: prdieť

Slovak: prdieť

Polabian: pohrde, pordĕ

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: pùrtac, pierdzec

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pjerźeś

Upper Sorbian: pjerdźeć

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pirdḗˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥d-éh₁-ye-ti, from *perd- (“to fart”).


mysliti

mỳsliti (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
mysľenьje (noun-from-verb)
mysliti (infinitive)
myslitъ (supine)
myslilъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
mysľenъ (participle passive past)
myslimъ (participle passive present)
mysľь (active participle past)
myslę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
myslixъ (aorist first-person singular)
mysli (aorist second-person singular)
mysli (aorist singular third-person)
mysľǫ (first-person present singular)
mysliši (present second-person singular)
myslitь (present singular third-person)
myslixově (aorist dual first-person)
myslista (aorist dual second-person)
mysliste (aorist dual third-person)
myslivě (dual first-person present)
myslita (dual present second-person)
myslite (dual present third-person)
myslixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mysliste (aorist plural second-person)
myslišę (aorist plural third-person)
myslimъ (first-person plural present)
myslite (plural present second-person)
myslętь (plural present third-person)
mysľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mysľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mysľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
mysli (imperative second-person singular)
mysli (imperative singular third-person)
mysľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mysľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mysľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
myslivě (dual first-person imperative)
myslita (dual imperative second-person)
mysľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mysľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mysľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
myslimъ (first-person imperative plural)
myslite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: мы́слить (mýslitʹ)

Ukrainian: ми́слити (mýslyty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: мꙑслити (mysliti)

Bulgarian: ми́сля (míslja)

Macedonian: мисли (misli)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ми̏слити

Latin script: mȉsliti

Slovene: mísliti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mysliti

Czech: myslit (dated)

desctree

Old Polish: myślić
Polish: myśleć, myślić (archaic), myszlić, myszleć (Middle Polish)
Silesian: myśleć

Slovak: myslieť

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: mëslëc

Slovincian: mëslëc


bělidlo

bělidlo (nominative singular)
bělidlě (dual nominative)
bělidla (nominative plural)
bělidla (genitive singular)
bělidlu (dual genitive)
bělidlъ (genitive plural)
bělidlu (dative singular)
bělidloma (dative dual)
bělidlomъ (dative plural)
bělidlo (accusative singular)
bělidlě (accusative dual)
bělidla (accusative plural)
bělidlъmь (instrumental singular)
bělidlomь (instrumental singular)
bělidloma (dual instrumental)
bělidly (instrumental plural)
bělidlě (locative singular)
bělidlu (dual locative)
bělidlěxъ (locative plural)
bělidlo (singular vocative)
bělidlě (dual vocative)
bělidla (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: бѣлило (bělilo)

Belarusian: бялі́лы pl (bjalíly)

Russian: бели́ла pl (belíla)

Ukrainian: біли́ло (bilýlo)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бели́ло (belílo)

Macedonian: белило (belilo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бѐлило

Latin script: bèlilo

Slovene: belílo (tonal orthography)

(Črni vrh, Idrija): bȩlił

West Slavic:

Old Czech: bělidlo

Czech: bělidlo

Bohemian (Chod dialect): bílidlo

Kashubian: bielëdło

Old Polish: bielidło

Polish: bielidło

Slovak: bielidlo

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: bělidło

Lower Sorbian: bělidło


vezti

veztì (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
vezenьje (noun-from-verb)
vezti (infinitive)
veztъ (supine)
vezlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
vezenъ (participle passive past)
vezomъ (participle passive present)
vezъ (active participle past)
vezy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
vezъ (aorist first-person singular)
vezoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
veze (aorist second-person singular)
veze (aorist singular third-person)
vezǫ (first-person present singular)
vezeši (present second-person singular)
vezetь (present singular third-person)
vezově (aorist dual first-person)
vezoxově (aorist dual first-person)
vezeta (aorist dual second-person)
vezosta (aorist dual second-person)
vezete (aorist dual third-person)
vezoste (aorist dual third-person)
vezevě (dual first-person present)
vezeta (dual present second-person)
vezete (dual present third-person)
vezomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vezoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vezete (aorist plural second-person)
vezoste (aorist plural second-person)
vezǫ (aorist plural third-person)
vezošę (aorist plural third-person)
vezemъ (first-person plural present)
vezete (plural present second-person)
vezǫtь (plural present third-person)
vezěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vezěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vezěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vezi (imperative second-person singular)
vezi (imperative singular third-person)
vezěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vezěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vezěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vezěvě (dual first-person imperative)
vezěta (dual imperative second-person)
vezěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vezěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vezěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vezěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
vezěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: везти (vezti)
Old Ruthenian: везти (vezti)
Belarusian: ве́зці (vjézci)
Carpathian Rusyn: ве́зти (vézty)
Ukrainian: везти́ (veztý)
Russian: везти́ (veztí)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⰲⰵⱄⱅⰹ (vesti)

Old Cyrillic script: вести (vesti)

Bulgarian: веза́ (vezá) (obsolete)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: вѐсти

Latin script: vèsti

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: vẹ́sti, vésti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vézti

Czech: vézt

Old Polish: wieźć

Polish: wieźć

Slovak: viezť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wjesć

Lower Sorbian: wjasć

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *weźtei, from Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ-.


kuriti

kūrìti (canonical)
b (accent-paradigm)
kuřenьje (noun-from-verb)
kuriti (infinitive)
kuritъ (supine)
kurilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
kuřenъ (participle passive past)
kurimъ (participle passive present)
kuřь (active participle past)
kurę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
kurixъ (aorist first-person singular)
kuri (aorist second-person singular)
kuri (aorist singular third-person)
kuřǫ (first-person present singular)
kuriši (present second-person singular)
kuritь (present singular third-person)
kurixově (aorist dual first-person)
kurista (aorist dual second-person)
kuriste (aorist dual third-person)
kurivě (dual first-person present)
kurita (dual present second-person)
kurite (dual present third-person)
kurixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kuriste (aorist plural second-person)
kurišę (aorist plural third-person)
kurimъ (first-person plural present)
kurite (plural present second-person)
kurętь (plural present third-person)
kuřaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kuřaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kuřaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kuri (imperative second-person singular)
kuri (imperative singular third-person)
kuřaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kuřaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kuřaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kurivě (dual first-person imperative)
kurita (dual imperative second-person)
kuřaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kuřaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kuřaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kurimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kurite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кꙋрити (kuriti)

Belarusian: куры́ць (kurýcʹ)

desctree

Russian: кури́ть (kurítʹ)
→ Kildin Sami: кӯррэ (kūrre)

Ukrainian: кури́ти (kurýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

desc

Old Cyrillic script: коуритъ (kuritŭ, 3sg.)

Glagolitic script: [Term?]

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ку́рити (dialectal)

Latin script: kúriti (dialectal)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: kurīti, kúriti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: kùrzëc

Old Czech: kúřiti

Czech: kouřit

Polish: kurzyć

Silesian: kurzić

Slovak: kúriť

Slovincian: kúrzëc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kurić

Lower Sorbian: kuriś

Cognate with Lithuanian kùrti (“to light, to kindle, to make, to create”) (1sg. kuriù), Latvian kur̃t (“to light, to kindle”) (1sg. kuŗu). Balto-Slavic words are often compared to Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌹 (hauri, “coal”), Old Norse hyrr (“fire”). Vasmer adds Old Armenian կրակ (krak, “fire”) from *kurak-.
Chernykh suggests an Proto-Indo-European root *ker-. Derksen reconstructs a putative Indo-European root *kerH-, in which case the Germanic cognates are correct, as well as probably Latin carbō (“charcoal”).
Another possibility suggested by Derksen: from Proto-Indo-European *kʷr̥-, zero grade of *kʷer- (hence cognate with Sanskrit कृणोति (kṛṇóti, “to do, to make”) but probably not with the above Germanic cognates), although a laryngeal would be expected due to the East Baltic accentuation.


kopьje

kopьjè (canonical)
kȍpьje (canonical neuter)
kopьjè (nominative singular)
kopь̀ji (dual nominative)
kopь̀ja (nominative plural)
kopьjà (genitive singular)
kopьju (dual genitive)
kopь̀jь (genitive plural)
kopьjù (dative singular)
kopьjema (dative dual)
kopь̀jemъ (dative plural)
kopьjè (accusative singular)
kopь̀ji (accusative dual)
kopь̀ja (accusative plural)
kopьjь̀mь (instrumental singular)
kopьjèmь (instrumental singular)
kopьjema (dual instrumental)
kopь̀ji (instrumental plural)
kopьjì (locative singular)
kopьju (dual locative)
kopь̀jixъ (locative plural)
kopьjè (singular vocative)
kopь̀ji (dual vocative)
kopь̀ja (plural vocative)
kȍpьje (nominative singular)
kȍpьji (dual nominative)
kopьjà (nominative plural)
kȍpьja (genitive singular)
kopьjù (dual genitive)
kopь̀jь (genitive plural)
kȍpьju (dative singular)
kopьjemà (dative dual)
kopьjémъ (dative plural)
kȍpьje (accusative singular)
kȍpьji (accusative dual)
kopьjà (accusative plural)
kȍpьjьmь (instrumental singular)
kȍpьjemь (instrumental singular)
kopьjemà (dual instrumental)
kopьjí (instrumental plural)
kȍpьji (locative singular)
kopьjù (dual locative)
kopьjíxъ (locative plural)
kȍpьje (singular vocative)
kȍpьji (dual vocative)
kopьjà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: кап'ё (kapʺjó)

Russian: копьё (kopʹjó)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: копиѥ (kopije)

Bulgarian: ко́пие (kópie)

Macedonian: копје (kopje)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ко̏пље, ко̀пље

Latin: kȍplje, kòplje

Slovene: kọ́pje (tonal orthography), (archaic) kopjẹ̑

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kopie

Czech: kopí

Polish: kopia

Old Slovak: kopija

Pannonian Rusyn: копия (kopija)

→? Carpathian Rusyn: ко́пія (kópija)

Slovak: kopija

Sorbian

Lower Sorbian: kopje

Upper Sorbian: kopjo

Probably from the root of *kopati (“to dig”) + *-ьje (augmentative suffix), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kаpā́ˀtei, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kep- (“to strike, beat”). Trubačev suggests, more precisely, substantivation of a possible compound like *kopьje *dervo (“stabbing wood”).
Akin to Lithuanian kapoklė (“cleaver”), Ancient Greek κοπίς (kopís, “chopper”).


kryti

krỳti (canonical imperfective)
krỳvati (perfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
krytьje (noun-from-verb)
kryti (infinitive)
krytъ (supine)
krylъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
krytъ (participle passive past)
kryjemъ (participle passive present)
kryvъ (active participle past)
kryję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
kryxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kry (aorist second-person singular)
kry (aorist singular third-person)
kryjǫ (first-person present singular)
kryješi (present second-person singular)
kryjetь (present singular third-person)
kryxově (aorist dual first-person)
krysta (aorist dual second-person)
kryste (aorist dual third-person)
kryjevě (dual first-person present)
kryjeta (dual present second-person)
kryjete (dual present third-person)
kryxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kryste (aorist plural second-person)
kryšę (aorist plural third-person)
kryjemъ (first-person plural present)
kryjete (plural present second-person)
kryjǫtь (plural present third-person)
kryjaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kryjaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kryjaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kryji (imperative second-person singular)
kryji (imperative singular third-person)
kryjaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kryjaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kryjaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kryjivě (dual first-person imperative)
kryjita (dual imperative second-person)
kryjaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kryjaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kryjaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kryjimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kryjite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: крꙑти (kryti), крити (kriti)

Belarusian: крыць (krycʹ)

Russian: крыть (krytʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: крыти (krŷty)

Ukrainian: кри́ти (krýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: крꙑти (kryti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: кри́я (kríja)

Macedonian: крие (krie)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кри̏ти

Latin script: krȉti

Slovene: kríti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: krýti

Czech: krýt

Polabian: kråjĕ

Polish: kryć

Slovak: kryť

Slovincian: krëc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kryć

Lower Sorbian: kšyś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *krū́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *krewH- (possibly *(s)krewH-). Likely akin to Proto-Balto-Slavic *kráuˀtei, whence Lithuanian kráuti (“to store”), Latvian kraũt (“to pile, to stack”). Probably further related to Ancient Greek κρύπτω (krúptō, “I hide, cover, conceal, obscure”), Proto-Germanic *hreudaną (“to cover, to adorn”), possibly Proto-Germanic *hraukaz (“pile, heap”), Old Irish crúach. Compare also Proto-Germanic *skrūdą (“shroud, cover”).

cog

(reflexive) (+ *sę) to hide, to be under cover


divьnъ

divьnъ (masculine nominative singular)
divьna (feminine nominative singular)
divьno (neuter nominative singular)
divьna (genitive masculine singular)
divьny (feminine genitive singular)
divьna (genitive neuter singular)
divьnu (dative masculine singular)
divьně (dative feminine singular)
divьnu (dative neuter singular)
divьnъ (accusative masculine singular)
divьnǫ (accusative feminine singular)
divьno (accusative neuter singular)
divьnomь (instrumental masculine singular)
divьnojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
divьnomь (instrumental neuter singular)
divьně (locative masculine singular)
divьně (feminine locative singular)
divьně (locative neuter singular)
divьne (masculine singular vocative)
divьno (feminine singular vocative)
divьno (neuter singular vocative)
divьna (dual masculine nominative)
divьně (dual feminine nominative)
divьně (dual neuter nominative)
divьnu (dual genitive masculine)
divьnu (dual feminine genitive)
divьnu (dual genitive neuter)
divьnoma (dative dual masculine)
divьnama (dative dual feminine)
divьnoma (dative dual neuter)
divьna (accusative dual masculine)
divьně (accusative dual feminine)
divьně (accusative dual neuter)
divьnoma (dual instrumental masculine)
divьnama (dual feminine instrumental)
divьnoma (dual instrumental neuter)
divьnu (dual locative masculine)
divьnu (dual feminine locative)
divьnu (dual locative neuter)
divьna (dual masculine vocative)
divьně (dual feminine vocative)
divьně (dual neuter vocative)
divьni (masculine nominative plural)
divьny (feminine nominative plural)
divьna (neuter nominative plural)
divьnъ (genitive masculine plural)
divьnъ (feminine genitive plural)
divьnъ (genitive neuter plural)
divьnomъ (dative masculine plural)
divьnamъ (dative feminine plural)
divьnomъ (dative neuter plural)
divьny (accusative masculine plural)
divьny (accusative feminine plural)
divьna (accusative neuter plural)
divьny (instrumental masculine plural)
divьnami (feminine instrumental plural)
divьny (instrumental neuter plural)
divьněxъ (locative masculine plural)
divьnaxъ (feminine locative plural)
divьněxъ (locative neuter plural)
divьni (masculine plural vocative)
divьny (feminine plural vocative)
divьna (neuter plural vocative)
divьnъjь (masculine nominative singular)
divьnaja (feminine nominative singular)
divьnoje (neuter nominative singular)
divьnajego (genitive masculine singular)
divьnyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
divьnajego (genitive neuter singular)
divьnujemu (dative masculine singular)
divьněji (dative feminine singular)
divьnujemu (dative neuter singular)
divьnъjь (accusative masculine singular)
divьnǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
divьnoje (accusative neuter singular)
divьnyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
divьnǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
divьnyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
divьnějemь (locative masculine singular)
divьněji (feminine locative singular)
divьnějemь (locative neuter singular)
divьnъjь (masculine singular vocative)
divьnaja (feminine singular vocative)
divьnoje (neuter singular vocative)
divьnaja (dual masculine nominative)
divьněji (dual feminine nominative)
divьněji (dual neuter nominative)
divьnuju (dual genitive masculine)
divьnuju (dual feminine genitive)
divьnuju (dual genitive neuter)
divьnyjima (dative dual masculine)
divьnyjima (dative dual feminine)
divьnyjima (dative dual neuter)
divьnaja (accusative dual masculine)
divьněji (accusative dual feminine)
divьněji (accusative dual neuter)
divьnyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
divьnyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
divьnyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
divьnuju (dual locative masculine)
divьnuju (dual feminine locative)
divьnuju (dual locative neuter)
divьnaja (dual masculine vocative)
divьněji (dual feminine vocative)
divьněji (dual neuter vocative)
divьniji (masculine nominative plural)
divьnyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
divьnaja (neuter nominative plural)
divьnъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
divьnъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
divьnъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
divьnyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
divьnyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
divьnyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
divьnyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
divьnyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
divьnaja (accusative neuter plural)
divьnyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
divьnyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
divьnyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
divьnyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
divьnyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
divьnyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
divьniji (masculine plural vocative)
divьnyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
divьnaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дивьнъ (divĭnŭ)

Old Ruthenian: дивный (divnyj)

Belarusian: дзі́ўны (dzíŭny)

Ukrainian: ди́вний (dývnyj)

Russian: ди́вный (dívnyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: дивьнъ (divĭnŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰴⰻⰲⱐⱀⱏ (divĭnŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ди̑ван

Latin script: dȋvan

Slovene: díven

West Slavic:

Old Czech: divný
Czech: divný

desctree

Old Polish: dziwny, dziwni
Polish: dziwny
Silesian: dziwny

Old Slovak: divný

Slovak: divný

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: dzywny

Slovincian: dzywny


děva

dě̀va (canonical feminine)
dě̀va (nominative singular)
dě̀vě (dual nominative)
dě̀vy (nominative plural)
dě̀vy (genitive singular)
dě̀vu (dual genitive)
dě̀vъ (genitive plural)
dě̀vě (dative singular)
dě̀vama (dative dual)
dě̀vamъ (dative plural)
dě̀vǫ (accusative singular)
dě̀vě (accusative dual)
dě̀vy (accusative plural)
dě̀vojǫ (instrumental singular)
dě̀vǭ (instrumental singular)
dě̀vama (dual instrumental)
dě̀vamī (instrumental plural)
dě̀vě (locative singular)
dě̀vu (dual locative)
dě̀vasъ (locative plural)
dě̀vaxъ (locative plural)
dě̀vo (singular vocative)
dě̀vě (dual vocative)
dě̀vy (plural vocative)
děvà (nominative singular)
dě̑vě (dual nominative)
dě̑vy (nominative plural)
děvý (genitive singular)
děvù (dual genitive)
dě̃vъ (genitive plural)
děvě̀ (dative singular)
děvàma (dative dual)
děvàmъ (dative plural)
dě̑vǫ (accusative singular)
dě̑vě (accusative dual)
dě̑vy (accusative plural)
děvojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
děvàma (dual instrumental)
děvàmi (instrumental plural)
dě̑vě (locative singular)
děvù (dual locative)
děvàsъ (locative plural)
děvàxъ (locative plural)
děvo (singular vocative)
dě̑vě (dual vocative)
dě̑vy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дѣ́ва (dě́va)

Belarusian: дзе́ва (dzjéva)

Russian: де́ва (déva)

Carpathian Rusyn: дїва (djiva)

Ukrainian: ді́ва (díva)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: дѣва (děva)

Glagolitic script: ⰴⱑⰲⰰ (děva)

Bulgarian: де́ва (déva)

Macedonian: де́ва (déva) (archaic)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дје́ва, де́ва

Latin script: djéva, déva

Slovene: dẹ̑va (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: děva, díva (dialectal)

Polabian: devă

Polish: dziwka, dziewka, dziewa (archaic, literary, dialectal)

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: dzéwka

Old Slovak:

Pannonian Rusyn: дїва (djiva)

Slovak: deva

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suck, suckle”), whence also Ancient Greek θῆλῠς (thêlŭs, “feminine”), Latin fēcundus (“fertile”), femina, Hittite 𒋼𒂊𒋫𒀭 (te-e-ta-an), Sanskrit धयति (dháyati), Gothic 𐌳𐌰𐌳𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (daddjan, “suckle”) and Old Armenian դիեմ (diem).
Original meaning was thus "one that can suckle, nurse". Compare *dojiti (“to give milk, nurse, breastfeed”).


baňa

bàňa (canonical feminine)
bàňa (nominative singular)
bàňi (dual nominative)
bàňę̇ (nominative plural)
bàňę̇ (genitive singular)
bàňu (dual genitive)
bàňь (genitive plural)
bàňī (dative singular)
bàňama (dative dual)
bàňāmъ (dative plural)
bàňǫ (accusative singular)
bàňi (accusative dual)
bàňę̇ (accusative plural)
bàňējǫ (instrumental singular)
bàňǭ (instrumental singular)
bàňama (dual instrumental)
bàňāmī (instrumental plural)
bàňī (locative singular)
bàňu (dual locative)
bàňāsъ (locative plural)
bàňe (singular vocative)
bàňi (dual vocative)
bàňę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: банꙗ (banja)

Belarusian: ба́ня (bánja)

Russian: ба́ня (bánja)

→ English: banya

Ukrainian: ба́ня (bánja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: банꙗ (banja)

Glagolitic: ⰱⰰⱀⱑ (banja)

Bulgarian: ба́ня (bánja)

Macedonian: бања (banja)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ба̏ња

Latin script: bȁnja

Slovene: bánja (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: báně

Czech: báň, báně

Kashubian: bania

desctree

Old Polish: bania
Polish: bania
Silesian: bania

Slovak: baňa

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: banja

Lower Sorbian: bańa, banja

Other:

→ Hungarian: bánya

→ Romanian: baie (possibly)

From Latin baneum (perhaps via a plural banea), variant of balneum (“bath; place for bathing”).


plugъ

plùgъ (canonical masculine)
plùgъ (nominative singular)
plùga (dual nominative)
plùdzi (nominative plural)
plùga (genitive singular)
plùgu (dual genitive)
plùgъ (genitive plural)
plùgu (dative singular)
plùgoma (dative dual)
plùgomъ (dative plural)
plùgъ (accusative singular)
plùga (accusative dual)
plùgy (accusative plural)
plùgъmь (instrumental singular)
plùgomь (instrumental singular)
plùgoma (dual instrumental)
plùgȳ (instrumental plural)
plùdzě (locative singular)
plùgu (dual locative)
plùdzě̄xъ (locative plural)
plùže (singular vocative)
plùga (dual vocative)
plùdzi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: плугъ (plugŭ)

Belarusian: плуг (pluh)

Russian: плуг (plug)

Ukrainian: плуг (pluh)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: плуг (plug)

Macedonian: плуг (plug)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: плуг

Latin script: plug

Slovene: plȗg, plȕg (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: pluh

Kashubian: pług

Polabian: plaug

Polish: pług

Slovak: pluh

Lower Sorbian: pług

Non-Slavic:

Albanian: plug

Aromanian: plug

Romanian: plug

Borrowed from a Proto-West Germanic *plōg (“plough, plow”). Parallel borrowing with Lithuanian plūgas.


pľьvati

pľьvàti (canonical)
a (accent-paradigm)
pľьvanьje (noun-from-verb)
pľьvati (infinitive)
pľьvatъ (supine)
pľьvalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
pľьvanъ (participle passive past)
pľujemъ (participle passive present)
pľьvavъ (active participle past)
pľuję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
pľьvaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
pľьva (aorist second-person singular)
pľьva (aorist singular third-person)
pľujǫ (first-person present singular)
pľuješi (present second-person singular)
pľujetь (present singular third-person)
pľьvaxově (aorist dual first-person)
pľьvasta (aorist dual second-person)
pľьvaste (aorist dual third-person)
pľujevě (dual first-person present)
pľujeta (dual present second-person)
pľujete (dual present third-person)
pľьvaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pľьvaste (aorist plural second-person)
pľьvašę (aorist plural third-person)
pľujemъ (first-person plural present)
pľujete (plural present second-person)
pľujǫtь (plural present third-person)
pľьvaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pľьvaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pľьvaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pľuji (imperative second-person singular)
pľuji (imperative singular third-person)
pľьvaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pľьvaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pľьvaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pľujivě (dual first-person imperative)
pľujita (dual imperative second-person)
pľьvaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pľьvaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pľьvaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pľujimъ (first-person imperative plural)
pľujite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: пльвати (plĭvati)

desc

Belarusian: плява́ць (pljavácʹ), плюва́ць (pljuvácʹ)

Russian: плева́ть (plevátʹ)

Ukrainian: плюва́ти (pljuváty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: пл҄ьвати (plʹĭvati)

Bulgarian: плю́я (pljúja); плю́вам (pljúvam)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пљу̏вати

Latin: pljȕvati

Slovene: pljúvati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: plivat; plvat

Kashubian: plwac

Old Polish: pluć, plwać
Polish: pluć

Slovak: pľuť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pluwaś

Upper Sorbian: pluwać

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *(s)pjāˀu-, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ptyēw- (“to spit, vomit”) (often reconstructed as *(s)pyēw-). Cognate with Lithuanian spiáuti (“to spit”), Latvian spļaũt (“to split”), Proto-Germanic *spīwaną, Latin spuō (“spit”, verb), Ancient Greek πτύω (ptúō, “spit, vomit”), Old Armenian թուք (tʻukʻ), Sanskrit ष्ठीवति (ṣthī́vati).


kъnędzь

kъ̏nędzь (canonical masculine)
kъ̏nędzь (nominative singular)
kъ̏nędza (dual nominative)
kъ̏nędzi (nominative plural)
kъ̏nędza (genitive singular)
kъnędzù (dual genitive)
kъnę̃dzь (genitive plural)
kъ̏nędzu (dative singular)
kъnędzemà (dative dual)
kъnędzèmъ (dative plural)
kъ̏nędzь (accusative singular)
kъ̏nędza (accusative dual)
kъ̏nędzę̇ (accusative plural)
kъ̏nędzьmь (instrumental singular)
kъ̏nędzemь (instrumental singular)
kъnędzemà (dual instrumental)
kъnędzí (instrumental plural)
kъ̏nędzi (locative singular)
kъnędzù (dual locative)
kъnędzĩxъ (locative plural)
kъnęže (singular vocative)
kъ̏nędza (dual vocative)
kъ̏nędzi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: кънѧзь (kŭnęzĭ), кнѧзь (knęzĭ)

Old Ruthenian: кнѧзь (knjazʹ)

Belarusian: князь (knjazʹ)

Ukrainian: князь (knjazʹ)

Russian: князь (knjazʹ) (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Novgorodian: кънѧꙁь (kŭnęzĭ)

Old Pskovian: кънѧжь (kŭnęźĭ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: кънѧѕь (kŭnędzĭ), кънѧзь (kŭnęzĭ), кнѧзь (knęzĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰽⱏⱀⱔⰸⱐ (kŭnęzĭ)

Bulgarian: княз (knjaz), кнез (knez)

Macedonian: кнез (knez)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кне̑з

Latin script: knȇz

Slovene: knẹ̑z (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kněz

Czech: kněz (“priest”), kníže (“prince, duke”)

desctree

Old Polish: ksiądz
Polish: ksiądz, xiądz (pre-reform orthography (1816))
→ Belarusian: ксёндз (ksjondz)
→ Latvian: ksendzs
→ Russian: ксёндз (ksjondz)
→ Ukrainian: ксьондз (ksʹondz)
Silesian: ksiōndz

desc

Slovak: kňaz (“priest”), knieža (“duke”)

Polabian: ťėnąʒ

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: ksądz, ksydz, knądz

Slovincian: ksõdz

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: knjez

Lower Sorbian: kněz

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: kenéz

→ Romanian: chinez

From earlier *kъnęgъ. By consensus ultimately from Proto-Germanic *kuningaz. Šimon Ondruš suggests a native origin from Proto-Slavic *kun-ingo- (“protruding, prominent”) (*kъnъ + *-ędzь) and a later borrowing into Proto-Germanic.


cьrky

cь̀rky (canonical feminine)
cь̀rky (nominative singular)
cь̀rkъvi (dual nominative)
cь̀rkъvi (nominative plural)
cь̀rkъve (genitive singular)
cь̀rkъvu (dual genitive)
cь̀rkъvъ (genitive plural)
cь̀rkъvi (dative singular)
cь̀rkъvьma (dative dual)
cь̀rkъvama (dative dual)
cь̀rkъvьmъ (dative plural)
cь̀rkъvamъ (dative plural)
cь̀rkъvь (accusative singular)
cь̀rkъvi (accusative dual)
cь̀rkъvi (accusative plural)
cь̀rkъvьjǫ (instrumental singular)
cь̀rkъvľǭ (instrumental singular)
cь̀rkъvьma (dual instrumental)
cь̀rkъvama (dual instrumental)
cь̀rkъvьmī (instrumental plural)
cь̀rkъvamī (instrumental plural)
cь̀rkъve (locative singular)
cь̀rkъvu (dual locative)
cь̀rkъvьxъ (locative plural)
cь̀rkъvaxъ (locative plural)
cь̀rky (singular vocative)
cь̀rkъvi (dual vocative)
cь̀rkъvi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: цьркꙑ (cĭrky)
Old Ruthenian: це́рковъ (cérkov)
Belarusian: царква́ (carkvá)
Carpathian Rusyn: це́рков (cérkov), це́рьков (cérʹkov)
→? Pannonian Rusyn: церква (cerkva)
Ukrainian: це́рква (cérkva); це́рков (cérkov) (archaic)
Russian: це́рковь (cérkovʹ) (see there for further descendants)
→ Old Novgorodian: цьркꙑ (ćĭrky)

Old Novgorodian: *кьркꙑ (*kĭrky)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⱌⱃⱐⰽⱏⰹ (crĭky)

Old Cyrillic script: црькꙑ (crĭky)

Old Serbo-Croatian: crki

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: цр̑ква

Latin script: cȓkva

Old Slovene: circuvah (loc. pl.)

Slovene: cẹ́rkəv (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: crkev, cierkev
Czech: církev

desc

Old Polish: cerkiew, cyrkiew, cerki, cyrki

Polish: cerkiew; cerkwa, cerkwia

→ Old Ruthenian: церкевъ (cerkev)

Old Slovak: cirkev

Slovak: cirkev

Polabian: carťai

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: cerkwja, cerkwa, cerkwej, cerkej

Upper Sorbian: cyrkej, cyrkew

Non-Slavic:

→ Lithuanian: cerkvė

Palatalized form of early *kь̀rky, borrowed from Old High German kirihha or late Proto-West Germanic *kirikā, from Koine Greek κυριακὸν (δῶμα) (kuriakòn (dôma), “Lord’s (house)”).

der

κυριακὸν (δῶμα)


stegno

stegnò (canonical neuter)
stegnò (nominative singular)
stègně (dual nominative)
stegnà (nominative plural)
stegnà (genitive singular)
stegnù (dual genitive)
stègnъ (genitive plural)
stegnù (dative singular)
stegnòma (dative dual)
stegnòmъ (dative plural)
stegnò (accusative singular)
stègně (accusative dual)
stegnà (accusative plural)
stegnъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
stegnòmь (instrumental singular)
stegnòma (dual instrumental)
stègny (instrumental plural)
stegně̀ (locative singular)
stegnù (dual locative)
stègněxъ (locative plural)
stegnò (singular vocative)
stègně (dual vocative)
stegnà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: сцягно́ (scjahnó)

Russian: стегно́ (stegnó)

Ukrainian: стегно́ (stehnó)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: стегно (stegno)

Bulgarian:

Macedonian:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сте̑гно

Latin script: stȇgno

Slovene: stégno

West Slavic:

Old Czech: stehno

Czech: stehno

Polabian: stegnü

Middle Polish: stegno

Old Slovak: stehno

Slovak: stehno

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: sćogno

Upper Sorbian: sćehno

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teygʷ-no- (“flank, side”); compare Proto-Celtic *toibos (“side”) and Old Armenian թեկն (tʻekn, “shoulder, scapula, back”).
Per Derksen, may be from an unspecified root meaning “to stab”; see *(s)teyg-.


dьrzati

dьrzanьje (noun-from-verb)
dьrzati (infinitive)
dьrzatъ (supine)
dьrzalъ (l-participle)
dьrzanъ (participle passive past)
dьrzajemъ (participle passive present)
dьrzavъ (active participle past)
dьrzaję (active participle present)
dьrzaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dьrza (aorist second-person singular)
dьrza (aorist singular third-person)
dьrzajǫ (first-person present singular)
dьrzaješi (present second-person singular)
dьrzajetь (present singular third-person)
dьrzaxově (aorist dual first-person)
dьrzasta (aorist dual second-person)
dьrzaste (aorist dual third-person)
dьrzajevě (dual first-person present)
dьrzajeta (dual present second-person)
dьrzajete (dual present third-person)
dьrzaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dьrzaste (aorist plural second-person)
dьrzašę (aorist plural third-person)
dьrzajemъ (first-person plural present)
dьrzajete (plural present second-person)
dьrzajǫtь (plural present third-person)
dьrzaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dьrzaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dьrzaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dьrzaji (imperative second-person singular)
dьrzaji (imperative singular third-person)
dьrzaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dьrzaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dьrzaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dьrzajivě (dual first-person imperative)
dьrzajita (dual imperative second-person)
dьrzaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dьrzaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dьrzaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dьrzajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dьrzajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: дьрзати (dĭrzati), дьръзати (dĭrŭzati), дрьзати (drĭzati, “to dare”) (11th century)

Russian: дерза́ть (derzátʹ, “to dare”), 1sg. дерза́ю (derzáju)

→ Bulgarian: дерзая (derzaja)

Ukrainian: дерза́ти (derzáty, “to dare; (reflexive) to gather strength”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: дрьзати (drĭzati), дръзати (drŭzati, “to dare, to be bold”); 1sg. дрьзаѭ (drĭzajǫ)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: дърза́я (dǎrzája, “to dare”) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: др̏зати (“to dare”)

Latin script: dȑzati (“to dare”)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: drzati (“to dare”)

* Per Derksen and Trubachev, a verb in *-ati correlating with the adjective *dьrzъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *dirs- (with secondary *-z- in Proto-Slavic of unknown origin), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰr̥s-u-, from the root *dʰers-. Cognate with Lithuanian drį̇̃sti (“to dare”), Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌰𐌽 (gadaursan, “to venture”), English dare, Lithuanian drąsùs (“courageous”), Latvian drùoss, drùošs (“courageous”), Old Prussian dirsos (“good”), dyrsos (“good, brave”), Sanskrit धृष्णु (dhṛṣṇú, “bold, strong, courageous”), Ancient Greek θρασύς (thrasús, “bold”).
* Per Vasmer and Chernykh, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ-. Cognate with Lithuanian dir̃žnas (“strong”), dir̃žti (“to become strong, to harden”), Sanskrit दृह्यति (dṛ́hyati, “to be strong”), Avestan 𐬛𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬭𐬀- (dər^əzra-, “strong”), 𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (dar^əzaiieⁱti, “to bind”), Old Latin forctis (“strong”) (whence Latin fortis).


bojevati

bojevanьje (noun-from-verb)
bojevati (infinitive)
bojevatъ (supine)
bojevalъ (l-participle)
bojevavъ (active participle past)
bojuję (active participle present)
bojevaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
bojeva (aorist second-person singular)
bojeva (aorist singular third-person)
bojujǫ (first-person present singular)
bojuješi (present second-person singular)
bojujetь (present singular third-person)
bojevaxově (aorist dual first-person)
bojevasta (aorist dual second-person)
bojevaste (aorist dual third-person)
bojujevě (dual first-person present)
bojujeta (dual present second-person)
bojujete (dual present third-person)
bojevaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bojevaste (aorist plural second-person)
bojevašę (aorist plural third-person)
bojujemъ (first-person plural present)
bojujete (plural present second-person)
bojujǫtь (plural present third-person)
bojevaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bojevaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bojevaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bojuji (imperative second-person singular)
bojuji (imperative singular third-person)
bojevaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bojevaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bojevaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bojujivě (dual first-person imperative)
bojujita (dual imperative second-person)
bojevaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bojevaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bojevaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bojujimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bojujite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic: —

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бојѐвати

Latin script: bojèvati

Slovene: bojeváti

Bulgarian: боювам (bojuvam)

West Slavic:

Czech: bojovat

Polish: bojować

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: bójowaś


nogъtь

nȍgъtь (canonical masculine)
nȍgъtь (nominative singular)
nȍgъti (dual nominative)
nȍgъtьjē (nominative plural)
nȍgъťē (nominative plural)
nogъtí (genitive singular)
nogъtьjù (dual genitive)
nogъťu (dual genitive)
nogъtь̀jь (genitive plural)
nȍgъti (dative singular)
nogъtьmà (dative dual)
nȍgъtьmъ (dative plural)
nȍgъtь (accusative singular)
nȍgъti (accusative dual)
nȍgъti (accusative plural)
nȍgъtьmь (instrumental singular)
nogъtьmà (dual instrumental)
nogъtьmì (instrumental plural)
nogъtí (locative singular)
nogъtьjù (dual locative)
nogъťu (dual locative)
nȍgъtьxъ (locative plural)
nogъti (singular vocative)
nȍgъti (dual vocative)
nȍgъtьjē (plural vocative)
nȍgъťē (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ногъть (nogŭtĭ)

Old Ruthenian: но́готь (nóhotʹ)

Belarusian: но́гаць (nóhacʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: но́хоть (nóxotʹ)

Ukrainian: ні́готь (níhotʹ)

Russian: но́готь (nógotʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: ногъть (nogŭtĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱀⱁⰳⱏⱅⱐ (nogŭtĭ)

Bulgarian: но́кът (nókǎt)

Macedonian: нокт (nokt)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: но̏кат

Latin script: nȍkat

Slovene: nọ̑ht (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: nohet

Czech: nehet

Kashubian: nokc

Polabian: nüďit

Old Polish: nogieć

Slovak: necht

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: nokś

Upper Sorbian: nochć

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *nagutis. Morphologically from *noga (“foot”) + *-ъtь. Cognate with Lithuanian nagùtis and Old Prussian nagutis.


zętь

zę̀tь (canonical masculine)
zę̀tь (nominative singular)
zę̀ti (dual nominative)
zę̀tьjē (nominative plural)
zę̀tī (genitive singular)
zę̀tьju (dual genitive)
zę̀tьjь (genitive plural)
zę̀ti (dative singular)
zę̀tьma (dative dual)
zę̀tьmъ (dative plural)
zę̀tь (accusative singular)
zę̀ti (accusative dual)
zę̀ti (accusative plural)
zę̀tьmь (instrumental singular)
zę̀tьma (dual instrumental)
zę̀tьmī (instrumental plural)
zę̀tī (locative singular)
zę̀tьju (dual locative)
zę̀tьxъ (locative plural)
zęti (singular vocative)
zę̀ti (dual vocative)
zę̀tьjē (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: зѧть (zętĭ)

Belarusian: зяць (zjacʹ)

Russian: зять (zjatʹ)

Ukrainian: зять (zjatʹ); зєть (zjetʹ) (dialectal)

Old Novgorodian: ꙁѧте (zęte)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: зѧть (zętĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰸⱔⱅⱐ (zętĭ)

Bulgarian: зет (zet), зент (zent) (dialectal)

Macedonian: зет (zet)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: зе̏т

Latin script: zȅt

Slovene: zȅt (tonal orthography)

Rovte dialect (Črni vrh, Idrija): zȩ̑t

West Slavic:

Old Czech: zět

Czech: zeť

Bohemian (Chod dialect): zet

Polabian: ząt

Old Polish: zięć

Polish: zięć

Slovak: zať

Samic:

→ Kildin Sami: зя̄һтҍ (zeaht’)

→ Skolt Sami: zeeʹtt

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *źénˀtas,
*źénˀtis. A derivative of Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to produce, give birth”) (cf. *ǵénh₁tis (“birth, production”)) or Proto-Indo-European *ǵemH- (“to marry”) + *-tь. Akin to Lithuanian žéntas (“son-in-law”), Latvian znots (“son-in-law”), Sanskrit ज्ञाति (jñāti, “kinsman, relative”), possibly Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ā́mātā (“son-in-law”).

cog

ętry

sister-in-law (husband's brother's wife)


ostrъ

ostrъ (masculine nominative singular)
ostra (feminine nominative singular)
ostro (neuter nominative singular)
ostra (genitive masculine singular)
ostry (feminine genitive singular)
ostra (genitive neuter singular)
ostru (dative masculine singular)
ostrě (dative feminine singular)
ostru (dative neuter singular)
ostrъ (accusative masculine singular)
ostrǫ (accusative feminine singular)
ostro (accusative neuter singular)
ostromь (instrumental masculine singular)
ostrojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
ostromь (instrumental neuter singular)
ostrě (locative masculine singular)
ostrě (feminine locative singular)
ostrě (locative neuter singular)
ostre (masculine singular vocative)
ostro (feminine singular vocative)
ostro (neuter singular vocative)
ostra (dual masculine nominative)
ostrě (dual feminine nominative)
ostrě (dual neuter nominative)
ostru (dual genitive masculine)
ostru (dual feminine genitive)
ostru (dual genitive neuter)
ostroma (dative dual masculine)
ostrama (dative dual feminine)
ostroma (dative dual neuter)
ostra (accusative dual masculine)
ostrě (accusative dual feminine)
ostrě (accusative dual neuter)
ostroma (dual instrumental masculine)
ostrama (dual feminine instrumental)
ostroma (dual instrumental neuter)
ostru (dual locative masculine)
ostru (dual feminine locative)
ostru (dual locative neuter)
ostra (dual masculine vocative)
ostrě (dual feminine vocative)
ostrě (dual neuter vocative)
ostri (masculine nominative plural)
ostry (feminine nominative plural)
ostra (neuter nominative plural)
ostrъ (genitive masculine plural)
ostrъ (feminine genitive plural)
ostrъ (genitive neuter plural)
ostromъ (dative masculine plural)
ostramъ (dative feminine plural)
ostromъ (dative neuter plural)
ostry (accusative masculine plural)
ostry (accusative feminine plural)
ostra (accusative neuter plural)
ostry (instrumental masculine plural)
ostrami (feminine instrumental plural)
ostry (instrumental neuter plural)
ostrěxъ (locative masculine plural)
ostraxъ (feminine locative plural)
ostrěxъ (locative neuter plural)
ostri (masculine plural vocative)
ostry (feminine plural vocative)
ostra (neuter plural vocative)
ostrъjь (masculine nominative singular)
ostraja (feminine nominative singular)
ostroje (neuter nominative singular)
ostrajego (genitive masculine singular)
ostryję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
ostrajego (genitive neuter singular)
ostrujemu (dative masculine singular)
ostrěji (dative feminine singular)
ostrujemu (dative neuter singular)
ostrъjь (accusative masculine singular)
ostrǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
ostroje (accusative neuter singular)
ostryjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
ostrǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
ostryjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
ostrějemь (locative masculine singular)
ostrěji (feminine locative singular)
ostrějemь (locative neuter singular)
ostrъjь (masculine singular vocative)
ostraja (feminine singular vocative)
ostroje (neuter singular vocative)
ostraja (dual masculine nominative)
ostrěji (dual feminine nominative)
ostrěji (dual neuter nominative)
ostruju (dual genitive masculine)
ostruju (dual feminine genitive)
ostruju (dual genitive neuter)
ostryjima (dative dual masculine)
ostryjima (dative dual feminine)
ostryjima (dative dual neuter)
ostraja (accusative dual masculine)
ostrěji (accusative dual feminine)
ostrěji (accusative dual neuter)
ostryjima (dual instrumental masculine)
ostryjima (dual feminine instrumental)
ostryjima (dual instrumental neuter)
ostruju (dual locative masculine)
ostruju (dual feminine locative)
ostruju (dual locative neuter)
ostraja (dual masculine vocative)
ostrěji (dual feminine vocative)
ostrěji (dual neuter vocative)
ostriji (masculine nominative plural)
ostryję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
ostraja (neuter nominative plural)
ostrъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
ostrъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
ostrъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
ostryjimъ (dative masculine plural)
ostryjimъ (dative feminine plural)
ostryjimъ (dative neuter plural)
ostryję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
ostryję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
ostraja (accusative neuter plural)
ostryjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
ostryjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
ostryjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
ostryjixъ (locative masculine plural)
ostryjixъ (feminine locative plural)
ostryjixъ (locative neuter plural)
ostriji (masculine plural vocative)
ostryję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
ostraja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: остръ (ostrŭ)

Belarusian: во́стры (vóstry)

Russian: о́стрый (óstryj)

Carpathian Rusyn: о́стрый (óstrŷj)

Ukrainian: го́стрий (hóstryj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: остръ (ostrŭ)

Glagolitic: ⱁⱄⱅⱃⱏ (ostrŭ)

Bulgarian: о́стър (óstǎr)

Macedonian: остар (ostar)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̏штар

Latin script: ȍštar

Slovene: ọ́stər (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: ostrý

Czech: ostrý

Bohemian (Chod dialect): vostryj

Moravian (Mistřice): ostrí

Kashubian: òstri

Polish: ostry

Silesian: ôstry

Slovak: ostrý

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wótry

Lower Sorbian: wótšy

(Schleifer dialect): wóstry

From earlier *osrъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *aśras, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ-rós. For the presence of the later 't' compare Slovak: streda, Bulgarian: стреда (streda) (dialectal ) and Old Church Slavonic: срѣда (srěda); Slovak: striebro, Bulgarian: стребро (strebro) (dialectal) and *sьrebro.


ovьnъ

ovь̀nъ (canonical masculine)
ovь̀nъ (nominative singular)
ovьnà (dual nominative)
ovьnì (nominative plural)
ovьnà (genitive singular)
ovьnù (dual genitive)
ovь̀nъ (genitive plural)
ovьnù (dative singular)
ovьnòma (dative dual)
ovьnòmъ (dative plural)
ovь̀nъ (accusative singular)
ovьnà (accusative dual)
ovьnỳ (accusative plural)
ovьnъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
ovьnòmь (instrumental singular)
ovьnòma (dual instrumental)
ovь̀ny (instrumental plural)
ovьně̀ (locative singular)
ovьnù (dual locative)
ovь̀něxъ (locative plural)
ovьne (singular vocative)
ovьnà (dual vocative)
ovьnì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: овьнъ (ovĭnŭ), овенъ (ovenŭ)

Russian: ове́н (ovén)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: овьнъ (ovĭnŭ)

Bulgarian: ове́н (ovén), ове́нъ (ovén); о́вен (óven), уве́н (uvén) (dialectal)

Macedonian: овен (oven)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о́ван

Latin script: óvan

Slovene: óvən (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: oven (obsolete)

Old Polish: owien

Kashubian: òwien (archaic)

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *awinas. By surface analysis, *ovь (“sheep”) + *-ьnъ.

surf

Rick Derksen
ru:Журавлёв, Анатолий Фёдорович


ľuby

ľubỳ (canonical feminine)
ľubỳ (nominative singular)
ľubъ̀vi (dual nominative)
ľubъ̀vi (nominative plural)
ľubъ̀ve (genitive singular)
ľubъ̀vu (dual genitive)
ľubъ̀vъ (genitive plural)
ľubъ̀vi (dative singular)
ľubъ̀vьma (dative dual)
ľubъ̀vama (dative dual)
ľubъ̀vьmъ (dative plural)
ľubъ̀vamъ (dative plural)
ľubъ̀vь (accusative singular)
ľubъ̀vi (accusative dual)
ľubъ̀vi (accusative plural)
ľubъ̀vьjǫ (instrumental singular)
ľubъ̀vľǭ (instrumental singular)
ľubъ̀vьma (dual instrumental)
ľubъ̀vama (dual instrumental)
ľubъ̀vьmī (instrumental plural)
ľubъ̀vamī (instrumental plural)
ľubъ̀ve (locative singular)
ľubъ̀vu (dual locative)
ľubъ̀vьxъ (locative plural)
ľubъ̀vaxъ (locative plural)
ľubỳ (singular vocative)
ľubъ̀vi (dual vocative)
ľubъ̀vi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: любꙑ (ljuby)
Old Ruthenian: любы (ljuby)
⇒ Old East Slavic: любо́вь (ljubóvĭ)
Old Ruthenian: любо́въ (ljubóv), лубо́въ (lubóv), лѫбо́въ (lubóv), lubów, любоⷡ (ljuboͮ)
Belarusian: любо́ў (ljubóŭ)
Carpathian Rusyn: любо́в (ljubóv)
Ukrainian: любо́в (ljubóv)
→ Pannonian Rusyn: любов (ljubov)
Russian: любо́вь (ljubóvʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: любꙑ (ljuby)

Bulgarian: любов (ljubov)

Macedonian: љубов (ljubov)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: љу́бав

Latin script: ljúbav

Slovene: ljubȃv (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Polabian: ľaibėv

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ljáubūˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *léwbʰuh₂, from *lewbʰ- (“to love, care, desire”).


mьgla

mьglà (canonical feminine)
mьglà (nominative singular)
mь̀glě (dual nominative)
mьglỳ (nominative plural)
mьglỳ (genitive singular)
mьglù (dual genitive)
mь̀glъ (genitive plural)
mьglě̀ (dative singular)
mьglàma (dative dual)
mьglàmъ (dative plural)
mьglǫ̀ (accusative singular)
mь̀glě (accusative dual)
mьglỳ (accusative plural)
mьglòjǫ (instrumental singular)
mь̀glǫ (instrumental singular)
mьglàma (dual instrumental)
mьglàmī (instrumental plural)
mьglě̀ (locative singular)
mьglù (dual locative)
mьglàsъ (locative plural)
mьglàxъ (locative plural)
mьglo (singular vocative)
mь̀glě (dual vocative)
mьglỳ (plural vocative)
*mьgà (alternative)
*mĩglъ (alternative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: мьгла (mĭgla), мегла (megla), мгла (mgla)

Old Ruthenian: имгла́ (imhlá), мгла́ (mhlá)

Belarusian: імгла́ (imhlá)

Carpathian Rusyn: молга (molha)

Ukrainian: імла́ (imlá), имла́ (ymlá), мла́ (mlá)

Russian: мгла (mgla)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мьгла (mĭgla)

Glagolitic: ⰿⱐⰳⰾⰰ (mĭgla)

Bulgarian: мъгла́ (mǎglá)

Macedonian: ма́гла (mágla)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ма̀гла

Latin script: màgla

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: məglȁ, mə̀gla (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mlha

Czech: mlha

Bohemian (Chod dialect): mhla

Polabian: ḿåglă

Polish: mgła

Old Slovak: hmla, mhla, mlha

Slovak: hmla

Pannonian Rusyn: молга (molha)

Slovincian: mgla

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: mihel, mhła

Lower Sorbian: mła

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *míglāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃mígʰleh₂ (“mist, cloud”).


junъ

jȗnъ (canonical)
junъ (masculine nominative singular)
juna (feminine nominative singular)
juno (neuter nominative singular)
juna (genitive masculine singular)
juny (feminine genitive singular)
juna (genitive neuter singular)
junu (dative masculine singular)
juně (dative feminine singular)
junu (dative neuter singular)
junъ (accusative masculine singular)
junǫ (accusative feminine singular)
juno (accusative neuter singular)
junomь (instrumental masculine singular)
junojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
junomь (instrumental neuter singular)
juně (locative masculine singular)
juně (feminine locative singular)
juně (locative neuter singular)
june (masculine singular vocative)
juno (feminine singular vocative)
juno (neuter singular vocative)
juna (dual masculine nominative)
juně (dual feminine nominative)
juně (dual neuter nominative)
junu (dual genitive masculine)
junu (dual feminine genitive)
junu (dual genitive neuter)
junoma (dative dual masculine)
junama (dative dual feminine)
junoma (dative dual neuter)
juna (accusative dual masculine)
juně (accusative dual feminine)
juně (accusative dual neuter)
junoma (dual instrumental masculine)
junama (dual feminine instrumental)
junoma (dual instrumental neuter)
junu (dual locative masculine)
junu (dual feminine locative)
junu (dual locative neuter)
juna (dual masculine vocative)
juně (dual feminine vocative)
juně (dual neuter vocative)
juni (masculine nominative plural)
juny (feminine nominative plural)
juna (neuter nominative plural)
junъ (genitive masculine plural)
junъ (feminine genitive plural)
junъ (genitive neuter plural)
junomъ (dative masculine plural)
junamъ (dative feminine plural)
junomъ (dative neuter plural)
juny (accusative masculine plural)
juny (accusative feminine plural)
juna (accusative neuter plural)
juny (instrumental masculine plural)
junami (feminine instrumental plural)
juny (instrumental neuter plural)
juněxъ (locative masculine plural)
junaxъ (feminine locative plural)
juněxъ (locative neuter plural)
juni (masculine plural vocative)
juny (feminine plural vocative)
juna (neuter plural vocative)
junъjь (masculine nominative singular)
junaja (feminine nominative singular)
junoje (neuter nominative singular)
junajego (genitive masculine singular)
junyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
junajego (genitive neuter singular)
junujemu (dative masculine singular)
juněji (dative feminine singular)
junujemu (dative neuter singular)
junъjь (accusative masculine singular)
junǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
junoje (accusative neuter singular)
junyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
junǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
junyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
junějemь (locative masculine singular)
juněji (feminine locative singular)
junějemь (locative neuter singular)
junъjь (masculine singular vocative)
junaja (feminine singular vocative)
junoje (neuter singular vocative)
junaja (dual masculine nominative)
juněji (dual feminine nominative)
juněji (dual neuter nominative)
junuju (dual genitive masculine)
junuju (dual feminine genitive)
junuju (dual genitive neuter)
junyjima (dative dual masculine)
junyjima (dative dual feminine)
junyjima (dative dual neuter)
junaja (accusative dual masculine)
juněji (accusative dual feminine)
juněji (accusative dual neuter)
junyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
junyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
junyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
junuju (dual locative masculine)
junuju (dual feminine locative)
junuju (dual locative neuter)
junaja (dual masculine vocative)
juněji (dual feminine vocative)
juněji (dual neuter vocative)
juniji (masculine nominative plural)
junyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
junaja (neuter nominative plural)
junъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
junъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
junъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
junyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
junyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
junyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
junyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
junyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
junaja (accusative neuter plural)
junyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
junyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
junyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
junyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
junyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
junyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
juniji (masculine plural vocative)
junyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
junaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ю́ны (júny)

Russian: ю́ный (júnyj)

Ukrainian: ю́ний (júnyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: юнъ (junŭ)

West Slavic:

Polish: juny (obsolete?)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *jauˀnás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yéwh₁n-o-s, from *h₂yuh₁en- (“young”).