ladъ

ladъ (nominative singular)
làda (dual nominative)
làdi (nominative plural)
làda (genitive singular)
làdu (dual genitive)
làdъ (genitive plural)
làdu (dative singular)
làdoma (dative dual)
làdomъ (dative plural)
ladъ (accusative singular)
làda (accusative dual)
làdy (accusative plural)
làdъmь (instrumental singular)
làdomь (instrumental singular)
làdoma (dual instrumental)
làdȳ (instrumental plural)
làdě (locative singular)
làdu (dual locative)
làdě̄xъ (locative plural)
làde (singular vocative)
làda (dual vocative)
làdi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ладъ (ladŭ)

Belarusian: лад (lad)

Russian: лад (lad)

Ukrainian: лад (lad)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: лад (dialectal)

Latin script: lad (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Czech: lad

Polish: ład

Unknown. Gothic 𐌻𐌴𐍄𐌰𐌽 (lētan, “to let”) is suggested as a cognate. If not, might be related to root *la- of Proto-Slavic *lagoda (“carelessness, pleasure”).


žasъ

žasъ (nominative singular)
žasa (dual nominative)
žasi (nominative plural)
žasa (genitive singular)
žasu (dual genitive)
žasъ (genitive plural)
žasu (dative singular)
žasoma (dative dual)
žasomъ (dative plural)
žasъ (accusative singular)
žasa (accusative dual)
žasy (accusative plural)
žasъmь (instrumental singular)
žasomь (instrumental singular)
žasoma (dual instrumental)
žasy (instrumental plural)
žasě (locative singular)
žasu (dual locative)
žasěxъ (locative plural)
žase (singular vocative)
žasa (dual vocative)
žasi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: жах (žax)

Ukrainian: жах (žax)

West Slavic:

Czech: žas (dialectal)

Slovak: žas (obsolete)

⇒ Polish: żachnąć się

Related to *užasъ, of disputed origin.
East Slavic forms exhibit final -х under the influence of analogous emotional states: *straxъ (“fear”), *upolxъ (“timidness”), *směxъ (“laughter”).


gavědь

*gavěda (alternative)
gavědь (nominative singular)
gavědi (dual nominative)
gavědi (nominative plural)
gavědi (genitive singular)
gavědьju (dual genitive)
gavědьjь (genitive plural)
gavědi (dative singular)
gavědьma (dative dual)
gavědьmъ (dative plural)
gavědь (accusative singular)
gavědi (accusative dual)
gavědi (accusative plural)
gavědьjǫ (instrumental singular)
gavědьma (dual instrumental)
gavědьmi (instrumental plural)
gavědi (locative singular)
gavědьju (dual locative)
gavědьxъ (locative plural)
gavědi (singular vocative)
gavědi (dual vocative)
gavědi (plural vocative)
gavědь (nominative singular)
gavědi (dual nominative)
gavědьje (nominative plural)
gavědi (genitive singular)
gavědьju (dual genitive)
gavědьjь (genitive plural)
gavědi (dative singular)
gavědьma (dative dual)
gavědьmъ (dative plural)
gavědь (accusative singular)
gavědi (accusative dual)
gavědi (accusative plural)
gavědьmь (instrumental singular)
gavědьma (dual instrumental)
gavědьmi (instrumental plural)
gavědi (locative singular)
gavědьju (dual locative)
gavědьxъ (locative plural)
gavědi (singular vocative)
gavědi (dual vocative)
gavědьje (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Belarusian: га́віда (hávida, “mob, pack”) (dialectal)

Russian: га́ведь (gávedʹ); (dialectal) га́веда (gáveda), гавяда́ (gavjadá)

Ukrainian: га́веда (háveda, “nest of parasites, bugs”) (dialectal)

⇒ Ukrainian: га́ведня (hávednja, “scum, filth”)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: га́вед f (gáved, “wild stock”), га́вед m (gáved, “creep, beast”) (dialectal)

Macedonian: гавет m (gavet) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian: га̏ве̄д (dialectal, Serbian)

West Slavic:

Czech: havěď f (“nuisance, pest; domestic bird”), havjeď m (“fierce creature, brute”)

Polish: gawiedź

Slovak: háveď

Per Brückner, Mladenov, Trubačev: originally a collective noun from *gaviti (“to vex, to blemish”) + *-ědь (doubted by Vasmer). Apparently, cognate with Lithuanian govėdà (“lots, multitude”), which is akin to góvija, góvėna (“mob, gang”) and likely gaujà (“pack”). Further origin uncertain. Proposals have been made for descent from Proto-Indo-European *gʷewH- (“to defecate”) or from the onomatopoeia Proto-Slavic *gavati (“to bark, to roar”).
Comparison has also been drawn to *govь, *govędo (“cattle”) and furthermore Lithuanian guõtas (“group, flock”). Per Lubotsky, perhaps all of them ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₃- (“to consume, to sustain”). If right, then possibly also related to Proto-Germanic *kudją (“herd, livestock”).

cog

→ filth, dirt

→ (figurative) low behaviour, disgrace

→ wild stock

→ wild creature, beast

disorganized group of people/animals (crowd, mob)


zudъ

zȗdъ (canonical masculine)
zȗdъ (nominative singular)
zȗda (dual nominative)
zȗdi (nominative plural)
zȗda (genitive singular)
zudù (dual genitive)
zũdъ (genitive plural)
zȗdu (dative singular)
zudomà (dative dual)
zudòmъ (dative plural)
zȗdъ (accusative singular)
zȗda (accusative dual)
zȗdy (accusative plural)
zȗdъmь (instrumental singular)
zȗdomь (instrumental singular)
zudomà (dual instrumental)
zudý (instrumental plural)
zȗdě (locative singular)
zudù (dual locative)
zudě̃xъ (locative plural)
zude (singular vocative)
zȗda (dual vocative)
zȗdi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: зуд (zud)

Not entirely clear:
* Vasmer: Akin to Lithuanian žaudùs, žiaudùs (“itchy, irritating”), formally matching related Proto-Slavic *zudъkъ (“itchy”) (whence Russian зу́дкий, зудко́й (zúdkij, zudkój, “itchy”)). Possibly further related to Old Norse kaun (“ulcer, abscess”) (Proto-Germanic *kauną).
* Preobrazhensky: Perhaps deverbal from homophonous onomatopoeia *zuděti (“to buzz, to hum”). For the semantic development, compare the phrase Russian зуде́ть на у́хо (zudétʹ na úxo, “to vex, to nag”) (literally: “to buzz on one's ear”).

зу́дкий, зудко́й

зуде́ть на у́хо


žestokъ

žestòkъ (canonical)
žestokъ (masculine nominative singular)
žestoka (feminine nominative singular)
žestoko (neuter nominative singular)
žestoka (genitive masculine singular)
žestoky (feminine genitive singular)
žestoka (genitive neuter singular)
žestoku (dative masculine singular)
žestokě (dative feminine singular)
žestoku (dative neuter singular)
žestokъ (accusative masculine singular)
žestokǫ (accusative feminine singular)
žestoko (accusative neuter singular)
žestokomь (instrumental masculine singular)
žestokojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
žestokomь (instrumental neuter singular)
žestokě (locative masculine singular)
žestokě (feminine locative singular)
žestokě (locative neuter singular)
žestoke (masculine singular vocative)
žestoko (feminine singular vocative)
žestoko (neuter singular vocative)
žestoka (dual masculine nominative)
žestokě (dual feminine nominative)
žestokě (dual neuter nominative)
žestoku (dual genitive masculine)
žestoku (dual feminine genitive)
žestoku (dual genitive neuter)
žestokoma (dative dual masculine)
žestokama (dative dual feminine)
žestokoma (dative dual neuter)
žestoka (accusative dual masculine)
žestokě (accusative dual feminine)
žestokě (accusative dual neuter)
žestokoma (dual instrumental masculine)
žestokama (dual feminine instrumental)
žestokoma (dual instrumental neuter)
žestoku (dual locative masculine)
žestoku (dual feminine locative)
žestoku (dual locative neuter)
žestoka (dual masculine vocative)
žestokě (dual feminine vocative)
žestokě (dual neuter vocative)
žestoki (masculine nominative plural)
žestoky (feminine nominative plural)
žestoka (neuter nominative plural)
žestokъ (genitive masculine plural)
žestokъ (feminine genitive plural)
žestokъ (genitive neuter plural)
žestokomъ (dative masculine plural)
žestokamъ (dative feminine plural)
žestokomъ (dative neuter plural)
žestoky (accusative masculine plural)
žestoky (accusative feminine plural)
žestoka (accusative neuter plural)
žestoky (instrumental masculine plural)
žestokami (feminine instrumental plural)
žestoky (instrumental neuter plural)
žestokěxъ (locative masculine plural)
žestokaxъ (feminine locative plural)
žestokěxъ (locative neuter plural)
žestoki (masculine plural vocative)
žestoky (feminine plural vocative)
žestoka (neuter plural vocative)
žestokъjь (masculine nominative singular)
žestokaja (feminine nominative singular)
žestokoje (neuter nominative singular)
žestokajego (genitive masculine singular)
žestokyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
žestokajego (genitive neuter singular)
žestokujemu (dative masculine singular)
žestokěji (dative feminine singular)
žestokujemu (dative neuter singular)
žestokъjь (accusative masculine singular)
žestokǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
žestokoje (accusative neuter singular)
žestokyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
žestokǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
žestokyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
žestokějemь (locative masculine singular)
žestokěji (feminine locative singular)
žestokějemь (locative neuter singular)
žestokъjь (masculine singular vocative)
žestokaja (feminine singular vocative)
žestokoje (neuter singular vocative)
žestokaja (dual masculine nominative)
žestokěji (dual feminine nominative)
žestokěji (dual neuter nominative)
žestokuju (dual genitive masculine)
žestokuju (dual feminine genitive)
žestokuju (dual genitive neuter)
žestokyjima (dative dual masculine)
žestokyjima (dative dual feminine)
žestokyjima (dative dual neuter)
žestokaja (accusative dual masculine)
žestokěji (accusative dual feminine)
žestokěji (accusative dual neuter)
žestokyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
žestokyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
žestokyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
žestokuju (dual locative masculine)
žestokuju (dual feminine locative)
žestokuju (dual locative neuter)
žestokaja (dual masculine vocative)
žestokěji (dual feminine vocative)
žestokěji (dual neuter vocative)
žestokiji (masculine nominative plural)
žestokyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
žestokaja (neuter nominative plural)
žestokъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
žestokъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
žestokъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
žestokyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
žestokyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
žestokyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
žestokyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
žestokyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
žestokaja (accusative neuter plural)
žestokyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
žestokyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
žestokyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
žestokyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
žestokyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
žestokyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
žestokiji (masculine plural vocative)
žestokyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
žestokaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: жестокъ (žestokŭ)

Belarusian: жасто́кі (žastóki)

Russian: жесто́кий (žestókij)

Ukrainian: жорсто́кий (žorstókyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: жестокъ (žestokŭ)

Bulgarian: жесто́к (žestók)

Macedonian: жесток (žestok)

Serbo-Croatian:

desc

Cyrillic script: же̏сток (“bitter, sour, cruel”)

Latin script: žȅstok (“sour, severe, savage”)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: žestòk (“savage, evil”) (tonal orthography)

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: jestoc

Extended from an earlier *žestъ + *-okъ, parallel to *žestъkъ (k-extended u-stem). Further origin uncertain.
Mladenov, Iljinsky considered relation with Latin hostis (“enemy”) (meaning developed from an original “guest” → “foreigner, stranger” → “foe”), Sanskrit घसति (ghásati, “to eat, to nurish”) from Proto-Indo-European *gʰes- (“to host”), which nowadays is usually rejected for semantic reasons. Skok tentatively proposes derivation from Proto-Slavic *žegťi (“to heat up”) (probably on account of the Serbo-Croatian meaning “bitter, sour”), which is phonotactically dubious. Per Vasmer, more likely akin to Old Norse kǫs f (“heap, pile”), Old High German kes n (“(mountain) glacier”) or perhaps Irish gallán (“pillar, stone”) < *gaslā.

cog

stern, hard, stiff, rigid (for material)

(in Serbo-Croatian) bitter, sour (for taste)

(figurative) cruel, fierce, harsh, severe (for personality, behavior, attitude)


žestъ

žestъ (masculine nominative singular)
žesta (feminine nominative singular)
žesto (neuter nominative singular)
žesta (genitive masculine singular)
žesty (feminine genitive singular)
žesta (genitive neuter singular)
žestu (dative masculine singular)
žestě (dative feminine singular)
žestu (dative neuter singular)
žestъ (accusative masculine singular)
žestǫ (accusative feminine singular)
žesto (accusative neuter singular)
žestomь (instrumental masculine singular)
žestojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
žestomь (instrumental neuter singular)
žestě (locative masculine singular)
žestě (feminine locative singular)
žestě (locative neuter singular)
žeste (masculine singular vocative)
žesto (feminine singular vocative)
žesto (neuter singular vocative)
žesta (dual masculine nominative)
žestě (dual feminine nominative)
žestě (dual neuter nominative)
žestu (dual genitive masculine)
žestu (dual feminine genitive)
žestu (dual genitive neuter)
žestoma (dative dual masculine)
žestama (dative dual feminine)
žestoma (dative dual neuter)
žesta (accusative dual masculine)
žestě (accusative dual feminine)
žestě (accusative dual neuter)
žestoma (dual instrumental masculine)
žestama (dual feminine instrumental)
žestoma (dual instrumental neuter)
žestu (dual locative masculine)
žestu (dual feminine locative)
žestu (dual locative neuter)
žesta (dual masculine vocative)
žestě (dual feminine vocative)
žestě (dual neuter vocative)
žesti (masculine nominative plural)
žesty (feminine nominative plural)
žesta (neuter nominative plural)
žestъ (genitive masculine plural)
žestъ (feminine genitive plural)
žestъ (genitive neuter plural)
žestomъ (dative masculine plural)
žestamъ (dative feminine plural)
žestomъ (dative neuter plural)
žesty (accusative masculine plural)
žesty (accusative feminine plural)
žesta (accusative neuter plural)
žesty (instrumental masculine plural)
žestami (feminine instrumental plural)
žesty (instrumental neuter plural)
žestěxъ (locative masculine plural)
žestaxъ (feminine locative plural)
žestěxъ (locative neuter plural)
žesti (masculine plural vocative)
žesty (feminine plural vocative)
žesta (neuter plural vocative)
žestъjь (masculine nominative singular)
žestaja (feminine nominative singular)
žestoje (neuter nominative singular)
žestajego (genitive masculine singular)
žestyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
žestajego (genitive neuter singular)
žestujemu (dative masculine singular)
žestěji (dative feminine singular)
žestujemu (dative neuter singular)
žestъjь (accusative masculine singular)
žestǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
žestoje (accusative neuter singular)
žestyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
žestǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
žestyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
žestějemь (locative masculine singular)
žestěji (feminine locative singular)
žestějemь (locative neuter singular)
žestъjь (masculine singular vocative)
žestaja (feminine singular vocative)
žestoje (neuter singular vocative)
žestaja (dual masculine nominative)
žestěji (dual feminine nominative)
žestěji (dual neuter nominative)
žestuju (dual genitive masculine)
žestuju (dual feminine genitive)
žestuju (dual genitive neuter)
žestyjima (dative dual masculine)
žestyjima (dative dual feminine)
žestyjima (dative dual neuter)
žestaja (accusative dual masculine)
žestěji (accusative dual feminine)
žestěji (accusative dual neuter)
žestyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
žestyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
žestyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
žestuju (dual locative masculine)
žestuju (dual feminine locative)
žestuju (dual locative neuter)
žestaja (dual masculine vocative)
žestěji (dual feminine vocative)
žestěji (dual neuter vocative)
žestiji (masculine nominative plural)
žestyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
žestaja (neuter nominative plural)
žestъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
žestъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
žestъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
žestyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
žestyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
žestyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
žestyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
žestyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
žestaja (accusative neuter plural)
žestyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
žestyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
žestyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
žestyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
žestyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
žestyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
žestiji (masculine plural vocative)
žestyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
žestaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: жестъ (žestŭ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: жестъ (žestŭ)


zveno

zvenò (canonical neuter)
zvenò (nominative singular)
zvèně (dual nominative)
zvenà (nominative plural)
zvenà (genitive singular)
zvenù (dual genitive)
zvènъ (genitive plural)
zvenù (dative singular)
zvenòma (dative dual)
zvenòmъ (dative plural)
zvenò (accusative singular)
zvèně (accusative dual)
zvenà (accusative plural)
zvenъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
zvenòmь (instrumental singular)
zvenòma (dual instrumental)
zvèny (instrumental plural)
zveně̀ (locative singular)
zvenù (dual locative)
zvèněxъ (locative plural)
zvenò (singular vocative)
zvèně (dual vocative)
zvenà (plural vocative)
zveno (nominative singular)
zvenèsi (dual nominative)
zvenèsā (nominative plural)
zvenèse (genitive singular)
zvenèsu (dual genitive)
zvenèsъ (genitive plural)
zvenèsi (dative singular)
zvenèsьma (dative dual)
zvenèsьmъ (dative plural)
zveno (accusative singular)
zvenèsi (accusative dual)
zvenèsā (accusative plural)
zvenèsьmь (instrumental singular)
zvenèsьma (dual instrumental)
zvenèsȳ (instrumental plural)
zvenèse (locative singular)
zvenèsu (dual locative)
zvenèsьxъ (locative plural)
zveno (singular vocative)
zvenèsi (dual vocative)
zvenèsā (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: звено́ (zvenó)

Ukrainian: звено́ (zvenó)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: звено́ (zvenó) (possibly a Russian borrowing)

West Slavic:

Polabian: zvenü

desctree

Old Polish: zwono, dzwono
Polish: dzwono

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: zwjeno

Upper Sorbian: zwjeno

Dubious. At a surface level, resembles an instrumental noun of hypothetical *zuti ~ *zъvati + *-eno, however, no attested root with this structure correlates semantically with *zveno. Proposed alternatives within the scholarly discourse include:
* Per Mikkola: Metathesis of an earlier *zenvo (or perhaps *znevo) from Proto-Indo-European *ǵónu ~ *ǵnéws (“knee”).
* Per Vaillant, Smoczyński: Perhaps a substantivation of a relic adjective *zy (“fish”) (unattested) + *-enъ, near cognate with Lithuanian žuvi̇̀nis (“of fish”), žvýnė (“fish dish”), Latvian zviņi (“of fish”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰu-).

der

junction, nexus, link (East, South Slavic)


vyzъ

vy̑zъ (canonical masculine)
vy̑zъ (nominative singular)
vy̑za (dual nominative)
vy̑zi (nominative plural)
vy̑za (genitive singular)
vyzù (dual genitive)
vỹzъ (genitive plural)
vy̑zu (dative singular)
vyzomà (dative dual)
vyzòmъ (dative plural)
vy̑zъ (accusative singular)
vy̑za (accusative dual)
vy̑zy (accusative plural)
vy̑zъmь (instrumental singular)
vy̑zomь (instrumental singular)
vyzomà (dual instrumental)
vyzý (instrumental plural)
vy̑zě (locative singular)
vyzù (dual locative)
vyzě̃xъ (locative plural)
vyze (singular vocative)
vy̑za (dual vocative)
vy̑zi (plural vocative)
*vyza (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old Ruthenian: визъ (viz)

Belarusian: віз (viz)

Ukrainian: виз (vyz)

desc

→ Russian: виз (viz) (rare), ⇒ визи́га (vizíga)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ви̑з

Latin script: vȋz

West Slavic:

Old Czech: Vyz (proper noun)

Old Slovak: vyz

Polish: wyz

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wyz

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: viz (rare)

Borrowed from Proto-West Germanic *hūsō, ultimately from unknown source, possibly from substrate language. Derivative from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to hide”) was also proposed, compare Ancient Greek κύστις (kústis, “bladder”), as the bladder is what is valuable about this fish.

cog

beluga (any fish of the species Huso huso)

be:Віктар Уладзіміравіч Мартынаў
be:Генадзь Апанасавіч Цыхун


esmь

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: есмь (jesmĭ)

Russian: есмь (jesmʹ)

Ukrainian: єсьм (jesʹm)

Carpathian Rusyn: єм (jem)

Old Novgorodian: есмь (jesmĭ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ѥсмь (jesmĭ)

Bulgarian: съм (sǎm), сам (sam)

Macedonian: сум (sum)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: јѐсам, сам

Latin script: jèsam, sam

Old Slovene: ieſem

Slovene: sem

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jsem

Czech: jsem

Moravian: su

Kashubian: jem

Old Polish: jeśm (iesm/gesm)

Polish: -m

⇒ Old Polish: jest jeśm, jestem

Polish: jestem

Old Slovak: som

Pannonian Rusyn: сом (som)

Slovak: som

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: sym

Lower Sorbian: som

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ésmi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi.
Baltic cognates are
Lithuanian esmi̇̀,
Old Prussian asmai.
Indo-European cognates are
Tocharian A ṣem,
Tocharian B ṣeym,
Sanskrit अस्मि (asmi),
Avestan 𐬀𐬵𐬨𐬍 (ahmī),
Old Armenian եմ (em),
Hittite 𒂊𒌍𒈪 (esmi),
Ancient Greek εἰμί (eimí), Aeolic Greek ἔμμι (émmi),
Albanian jam,
Latin sum,
Proto-Germanic *immi,
English am,
Old Norse em.

first-person singular present of *byti (I am)


žiliti

žilovati (perfective)
žiľenьje (noun-from-verb)
žiliti (infinitive)
žilitъ (supine)
žililъ (l-participle)
žiľenъ (participle passive past)
žilimъ (participle passive present)
žiľь (active participle past)
žilę (active participle present)
žilixъ (aorist first-person singular)
žili (aorist second-person singular)
žili (aorist singular third-person)
žiľǫ (first-person present singular)
žiliši (present second-person singular)
žilitь (present singular third-person)
žilixově (aorist dual first-person)
žilista (aorist dual second-person)
žiliste (aorist dual third-person)
žilivě (dual first-person present)
žilita (dual present second-person)
žilite (dual present third-person)
žilixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
žiliste (aorist plural second-person)
žilišę (aorist plural third-person)
žilimъ (first-person plural present)
žilite (plural present second-person)
žilętь (plural present third-person)
žiľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
žiľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
žiľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
žili (imperative second-person singular)
žili (imperative singular third-person)
žiľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
žiľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
žiľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
žilivě (dual first-person imperative)
žilita (dual imperative second-person)
žiľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
žiľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
žiľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
žilimъ (first-person imperative plural)
žilite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

q

technically reflects <i class="Latn mention" lang="sla-pro">*žiľati</i>

⇒ Russian: жиля́ть (žiljátʹ) (dialectal, technically reflects *žiľati)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: жи́ля (žílja)

Macedonian: жили (žili)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жи̏лити (dialectal)

Latin script: žȉliti (dialectal)

⇒ Slovene: žíljati (dialectal, technically reflects *žiľati)

Intensive causative of *želti (“to cause pain”) + *-iti, with narrowing and elongation of the root vowel. Cognate with dialectal Lithuanian gėlioti (“to sting”).
For the dialectal Russian reflex, Vasmer presumes influence from synonymous *žędliti, whence standard Russian жа́лить (žálitʹ).

to bite (for vertebrates), to sting (for invertebrates)


esmъ

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: есмъ (jesmŭ)

Russian: есмы́ (jesmý) (archaic)

Ukrainian: єсьмо́ (jesʹmó) (archaic)

desc

Old Novgorodian: есме (jesme), есмꙑ (jesmy)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ѥсмъ (jesmŭ)

Bulgarian: сме (sme)

Macedonian: сме (sme), смо (smo) (dialectal), сне (sne) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: јесмо, смо

Latin script: jesmo, smo

Old Slovene: gezm

Slovene: smo

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jsmy

Czech: jsme

Kashubian: jesmë

Old Polish: jesmy

Polish: jesteśmy, -śmy

Old Slovak: sme

Pannonian Rusyn: зме (zme)

Slovak: sme


sǫtь

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сѫть (sǫtĭ)

Russian: суть f (sutʹ, “essence, core, gist”)

Ukrainian: суть f (sutʹ, “essence, core, gist”)

Carpathian Rusyn: сут (sut)

Old Novgorodian: соуть (sutĭ), су (su)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: сѫтъ (sǫtŭ)

Bulgarian: са (sa)

Macedonian: се (se), сет (set) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: су, јѐсу

Latin script: su, jèsu

Old Slovene: sunt

Slovene: sȍ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sú

Czech: jsou

Kashubian: są

Old Polish: są

Polish: są

Old Slovak: sú

Pannonian Rusyn: су (su)

Slovak: sú

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: su

Lower Sorbian: su

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sánti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁sonti, verb form of *h₁ésti.
Cognate with Latin sunt.


sętь

Church Slavonic: сѧтъ (sętŭ)

South Slavic:

Macedonian: сет (set), ?се (se)

West Slavic:

Slovak: sa

From Proto-Balto-Slavic [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *h₁sénti, verb form of *h₁ésti.
Cognate with
Sanskrit सन्ति (sánti),
Ancient Greek εἰσί (eisí), Doric Greek ἐντί (entí),
Umbrian sent,
Oscan set,
Old Irish it,
Proto-Germanic *sindi.


bě

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ⰱⱑ (bě)

Bulgarian: бе (be)

West Slavic:

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: bě


bě

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: бѣ (bě)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: бѣ (bě)

Bulgarian: бе (be)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бје

Latin script: bje

Old Slovene: be

West Slavic:

Old Czech: bě (bie/bye)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: bě

Lower Sorbian: bě

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰuHeh₁t? (bhu̯ēt), from *bʰuH-, *-éh₁ti. Morphologically, *bvě, aorist of zero-grade *bъ- (*bv-) + stative *-ěti.
Cognate with
Old Prussian be, bēi,
Ancient Greek φύω (phúō).


běxъ

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: бѣхъ (běxŭ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: бѣхъ (běxŭ)

Bulgarian: бях (bjah)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бе̏х, бје̏х, би̏ја̄х, бе̏ја̄х

Latin script: bȅh, bjȅh, bȉjāh, bȅjāh

West Slavic:

Old Czech: biech

Old Polish: biech

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: běch

Lower Sorbian: běch

first-person singular imperfective aorist of *byti


želdъ

žȇldъ (canonical masculine)
*žȇldь (alternative)
*želdì (alternative)
*želdа (alternative)
žȇldъ (nominative singular)
žȇlda (dual nominative)
žȇldi (nominative plural)
žȇlda (genitive singular)
želdù (dual genitive)
žẽldъ (genitive plural)
žȇldu (dative singular)
želdomà (dative dual)
želdòmъ (dative plural)
žȇldъ (accusative singular)
žȇlda (accusative dual)
žȇldy (accusative plural)
žȇldъmь (instrumental singular)
žȇldomь (instrumental singular)
želdomà (dual instrumental)
želdý (instrumental plural)
žȇldě (locative singular)
želdù (dual locative)
želdě̃xъ (locative plural)
želde (singular vocative)
žȇlda (dual vocative)
žȇldi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

⇒ Russian: ожеле́дица f (oželédica)

South Slavic:

Slovene: žlẹ̑d (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Polabian: zlåd

Polish: żłod, żłód (obsolete)

* Modern interpretation (per Derksen, Beekes, Snoj): Akin to Ancient Greek χάλαζα (khálaza, “hail, sleet”), Persian ژاله (žâle, “hail, hoarfrost”), presumably from Proto-Indo-European *gʰelh₂d-.
* Older interpretation (per Preobrazhensky, Walde): Possibly related to Proto-Slavic *golotь (“hoar”), Lithuanian gélmenis (“frost”), more commonly derived from Proto-Indo-European *gel(H)- (“to be cold”). Considered as "less probably" by Vasmer.


želdь

žȇldь (nominative singular)
žȇldi (dual nominative)
žȇldi (nominative plural)
želdí (genitive singular)
želdьjù (dual genitive)
želdь̀jь (genitive plural)
žȇldi (dative singular)
želdьmà (dative dual)
žȇldьmъ (dative plural)
žȇldь (accusative singular)
žȇldi (accusative dual)
žȇldi (accusative plural)
želdьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
želdьmà (dual instrumental)
želdьmì (instrumental plural)
želdí (locative singular)
želdьjù (dual locative)
žȇldьxъ (locative plural)
želdi (singular vocative)
žȇldi (dual vocative)
žȇldi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *желедь (*želedĭ)

desc

⇒ Russian: о́желедь (óželedʹ), ожеле́дь (oželédʹ) (dialectal)

⇒ Ukrainian: о́желедь (óželedʹ)

West Slavic:

Polish: żłódź (obsolescent)

Slovincian: zlõdz

Per Snoj, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *gʰélh₂dih₂ ~ *gʰl̥h₂dyéh₂s (proterokinetic). Oblique stem attested in Ancient Greek χάλαζα (khálaza, “hail, sleet”).


želdica

želdica (nominative singular)
želdici (dual nominative)
želdicę̇ (nominative plural)
želdicę̇ (genitive singular)
želdicu (dual genitive)
želdicь (genitive plural)
želdici (dative singular)
želdicama (dative dual)
želdicamъ (dative plural)
želdicǫ (accusative singular)
želdici (accusative dual)
želdicę̇ (accusative plural)
želdicejǫ (instrumental singular)
želdicǫ (instrumental singular)
želdicama (dual instrumental)
želdicami (instrumental plural)
želdici (locative singular)
želdicu (dual locative)
želdicasъ (locative plural)
želdicaxъ (locative plural)
želdice (singular vocative)
želdici (dual vocative)
želdicę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

⇒ Russian: ожеле́дица (oželédica)

⇒ Ukrainian: ожеле́диця (oželédycja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: жлѣдица (žlědica)

Slovene: žlẹdíca (tonal orthography)

⇒ Slovene: požlẹdíca


golěno

gȍlěno (canonical neuter)
gȍlěno (nominative singular)
gȍlěně (dual nominative)
golěnà (nominative plural)
gȍlěna (genitive singular)
golěnù (dual genitive)
golě̃nъ (genitive plural)
gȍlěnu (dative singular)
golěnomà (dative dual)
golěnòmъ (dative plural)
gȍlěno (accusative singular)
gȍlěně (accusative dual)
golěnà (accusative plural)
gȍlěnъmь (instrumental singular)
gȍlěnomь (instrumental singular)
golěnomà (dual instrumental)
golěný (instrumental plural)
gȍlěně (locative singular)
golěnù (dual locative)
golěně̃xъ (locative plural)
golěno (singular vocative)
gȍlěně (dual vocative)
golěnà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Russian: го́лено (góleno), голя́на f (goljána) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: го́лен m (gólen) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian: (rare)

Cyrillic script: го̏ле̄н m

Cyrillic script: го̏ле̄н m

Slovene: goléno (tonal orthography) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: holeno

Alternative form of *gȍlěnь (“shin, shank”)


gutorъ

*gutora (alternative)
gutorъ (nominative singular)
gutora (dual nominative)
gutori (nominative plural)
gutora (genitive singular)
gutoru (dual genitive)
gutorъ (genitive plural)
gutoru (dative singular)
gutoroma (dative dual)
gutoromъ (dative plural)
gutorъ (accusative singular)
gutora (accusative dual)
gutory (accusative plural)
gutorъmь (instrumental singular)
gutoromь (instrumental singular)
gutoroma (dual instrumental)
gutory (instrumental plural)
gutorě (locative singular)
gutoru (dual locative)
gutorěxъ (locative plural)
gutore (singular vocative)
gutora (dual vocative)
gutori (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: гу́тор (gútor); гуто́р (gutór), гуто́ра f (gutóra) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: гу́тір (hútir)

West Slavic:

Slovak: hútor (dialectal)

From Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾owH- (“to call, name”) + *-torъ. Possibly akin to Slovak hutať (“to guess, to ponder”), Ukrainian гута́ти (hutáty, “to disrupt discussion”) (whence гу́танка (hútanka, “chatter, chaotic discussion”)), formally reflecting Proto-Slavic *gutati.


gaťę

gaťę̇ (nominative plural)
gaťь (genitive plural)
gaťamъ (dative plural)
gaťę̇ (accusative plural)
gaťami (instrumental plural)
gaťasъ (locative plural)
gaťaxъ (locative plural)
gaťę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *гачѣ (*gačě) if plural and *гачи (*gači) if dual

Russian: га́чи (gáči), га́ти (gáti)

Ukrainian: га́чі (háči)

→ Finnish: kaatiot

→ Ingrian: kaatiat

→ Votic: kaatsõd

→ Komi-Zyrian: гач (gać)

South Slavic:

Russian Church Slavonic: гащѧ (gaštę)

→ Russian: га́щи (gášči)

desc

Bulgarian: га́щи (gášti), гащя́ (gaštjá)

Macedonian: гаќи (gaḱi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: га̏ће

desctree

Latin: gȁće, gȁća f sg
→ Hungarian: gatya
→ Austrian German: Gate

Slovene: gȃče, gȃte

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hácě, hacě

Czech: hace

Old Polish: gace

Polish: gacie

→ Czech: gatě, gaťe, katě

⇒ gaťky

→ Slovak: gate, gaťe,

⇒ gatky

→ Yiddish: גאַטקעס (gatkes)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: haca

Lower Sorbian: gaca

Most conveniently explained from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₂- (“to go, to walk around”) which was displaced by Proto-Slavic *jьti but is retained in dialectal Lithuanian góti apart from some old derivations. Stankiewicz, before this was understood, proposed *gʰeh₁bʰ- (“to grab”) found as Proto-Slavic *gabati (“to grab”) meaning in Lithuanian góbti also “to wrap, to cover”, however from the first root there is *gatь (“a causeway through swamps”), and suffixed + *-ja one had therefore (one leg of a pair or trinity of) rain trousers for walking through swamps, which is particularly likely since one knows that the Slavs before their expansion dwelt in the Polish swamps.


govori

govořà (nominative singular)
gȍvoři (dual nominative)
gȍvořę̇ (nominative plural)
govořę̇́ (genitive singular)
govořù (dual genitive)
govòřь (genitive plural)
govořì (dative singular)
govořàma (dative dual)
govořàmъ (dative plural)
gȍvořǫ (accusative singular)
gȍvoři (accusative dual)
gȍvořę̇ (accusative plural)
govořejǫ́ (instrumental singular)
govořàma (dual instrumental)
govořàmi (instrumental plural)
gȍvořī (locative singular)
govořù (dual locative)
govořàsъ (locative plural)
govořàxъ (locative plural)
govoře (singular vocative)
gȍvoři (dual vocative)
gȍvořę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Russian: го́ворь (góvorʹ, “chatter, jabber”), гово́ря (govórja, “verbalization”) (Central, Northern dialects)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: говори́я (govoríja), говорня́ (govornjá, “pandemonium”) (colloquial)

From *govorъ (“uttarence, talk”) + *-i, eventually levelled out as i-stem or jā-stem in descendants.

augmentative of *gȍvorъ (“talk, speech”)


běaše

East Slavic:

Old Novgorodian: бѣше (běše)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: бѣаше (běaše), бѣѣше (bějěše), бѣше (běše)

Bulgarian: бе́ше (béše)

Macedonian: беше (beše)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бијаше

Latin script: bȉjāše, bjȅše, bȅjāše

West Slavic:

Old Czech: bieše

Old Polish: biesze

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: běšo

Upper Sorbian: běše

second-person singular imperfective imperfect of *byti

third-person singular imperfective imperfect of *byti


běšę

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: бѣшѧ (běšę)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: беше

Latin script: beše

Old Slovene: beſe

third-person plural imperfective aorist of *byti


běaxǫ

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: бѣахѫ (běaxǫ), бѣхѫ (běxǫ)

Bulgarian: бя́ха (bjáha)

Macedonian: беа (bea)

Serbo-Croatian:

unspecified script:

West Slavic:

Old Czech: biechu

Old Polish: biechą

third-person plural imperfective imperfect of *byti


gobino

*gobina (alternative)
*gobiňa (alternative)
gobino (nominative singular)
gobině (dual nominative)
gobina (nominative plural)
gobina (genitive singular)
gobinu (dual genitive)
gobinъ (genitive plural)
gobinu (dative singular)
gobinoma (dative dual)
gobinomъ (dative plural)
gobino (accusative singular)
gobině (accusative dual)
gobina (accusative plural)
gobinъmь (instrumental singular)
gobinomь (instrumental singular)
gobinoma (dual instrumental)
gobiny (instrumental plural)
gobině (locative singular)
gobinu (dual locative)
gobiněxъ (locative plural)
gobino (singular vocative)
gobině (dual vocative)
gobina (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гобино (gobino), гобина f (gobina)

Russian: гобина f (gobina) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: гобино (gobino)

Serbo-Croatian: (archaic)

Cyrillic script: гобино (“spelt”); го̀бӣња f (“wreath”) (dialectal)

Latin script: gobino (“spelt”)

Traditionally viewed as an early borrowing from Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌴𐌹 (gabei, “wealth”) (*-n- from the oblique ending), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰebʰ- (“to give”). A minority view presumes native origin from sparsely attested *gobь + *-ino, perhaps cognate with Lithuanian Gãbis m, Gabijà f (“fire deity”) (mythological) and akin to gãbas (“greed”), gabùs/gobùs (“greedy”), gabúoti (“to act greedily”).
According to some interpretations, may share origin with Proto-Slavic *gabati (“to seize”), Lithuanian guõbti (“to gather up”).


gavъkati

gavъkanьje (noun-from-verb)
gavъkati (infinitive)
gavъkatъ (supine)
gavъkalъ (l-participle)
gavъkanъ (participle passive past)
gavъkajemъ (participle passive present)
gavъkavъ (active participle past)
gavъkaję (active participle present)
gavъkaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
gavъka (aorist second-person singular)
gavъka (aorist singular third-person)
gavъkajǫ (first-person present singular)
gavъkaješi (present second-person singular)
gavъkajetь (present singular third-person)
gavъkaxově (aorist dual first-person)
gavъkasta (aorist dual second-person)
gavъkaste (aorist dual third-person)
gavъkajevě (dual first-person present)
gavъkajeta (dual present second-person)
gavъkajete (dual present third-person)
gavъkaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gavъkaste (aorist plural second-person)
gavъkašę (aorist plural third-person)
gavъkajemъ (first-person plural present)
gavъkajete (plural present second-person)
gavъkajǫtь (plural present third-person)
gavъkaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gavъkaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gavъkaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gavъkaji (imperative second-person singular)
gavъkaji (imperative singular third-person)
gavъkaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gavъkaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gavъkaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gavъkajivě (dual first-person imperative)
gavъkajita (dual imperative second-person)
gavъkaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gavъkaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gavъkaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gavъkajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
gavъkajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: га́вкаць (hávkacʹ)

Russian: га́вкать (gávkatʹ) (colloquial)

Ukrainian: га́вкати (hávkaty) (colloquial)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: га́вкам (gávkam) (dialectal)

⇒ Bulgarian: джа́вкам (džávkam) (standard, with expressive *ď-)

Macedonian: гавка (gavka) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: га̑вкати

Latin script: gȃvkati

West Slavic:

Czech: havkať (dialectal)

Slovak: havkať

Onomatopoeic, from *gavъ (“caw, bark”) + *-kati.

Alternative form of *gavati (“to caw, to bark”)


žьbirъ

*žьbьrъ (alternative)
žьbirъ (nominative singular)
žьbira (dual nominative)
žьbiri (nominative plural)
žьbira (genitive singular)
žьbiru (dual genitive)
žьbirъ (genitive plural)
žьbiru (dative singular)
žьbiroma (dative dual)
žьbiromъ (dative plural)
žьbirъ (accusative singular)
žьbira (accusative dual)
žьbiry (accusative plural)
žьbirъmь (instrumental singular)
žьbiromь (instrumental singular)
žьbiroma (dual instrumental)
žьbiry (instrumental plural)
žьbirě (locative singular)
žьbiru (dual locative)
žьbirěxъ (locative plural)
žьbire (singular vocative)
žьbira (dual vocative)
žьbiri (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: жбир (žbyr)

Carpathian Rusyn: жбир (žbyr); жбирь (žbyrʹ) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Polish: zbyrki pl, zberki pl

Slovak: žber, žbár (dialectal)

Per Walde-Hofmann and Iljinsky, most likely akin to Latin gibbus (“humped, hunched”), gibber (“hump”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *geybʰ- (“to skew, to crook”). Compare Lithuanian gei̇̃bti (“to fade away”), gi̇̀bras (“wicked”), Latvian gìbt (“to subside, to sink”).
Per Fałowski and Hojsak, descendants derive from Romanian gheb (“hill, hump”), from Old Church Slavonic жлѣбъ (žlěbŭ), from Proto-Slavic *želbъ.

der

>? *žibьcь

type of herb; origin and antiquity uncertain


gvozdъ

gvо̀zdъ (canonical masculine)
gvòzdъ (nominative singular)
gvozdà (dual nominative)
gvozdì (nominative plural)
gvozdà (genitive singular)
gvozdù (dual genitive)
gvòzdъ (genitive plural)
gvozdù (dative singular)
gvozdòma (dative dual)
gvozdòmъ (dative plural)
gvòzdъ (accusative singular)
gvozdà (accusative dual)
gvozdỳ (accusative plural)
gvozdъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
gvozdòmь (instrumental singular)
gvozdòma (dual instrumental)
gvòzdy (instrumental plural)
gvozdě̀ (locative singular)
gvozdù (dual locative)
gvòzděxъ (locative plural)
gvozde (singular vocative)
gvozdà (dual vocative)
gvozdì (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian: (Kajkavian, archaic)

Cyrillic script: гво̏зд

Latin script: gvȍzd

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: gọ̏zd, gọ̑zd (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: hvozd (literary)

Old Polish: gozd

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gwesd- (“dense, compact”), apparently via o-stem Proto-Balto-Slavic *gwázdas. Akin to Proto-Germanic *kwastuz (“tuft; tassel”) (u-stem), Albanian gjeth (“foilage”) (i-stem).


trъvati

trъvàti (canonical imperfective)
trъvanьje (noun-from-verb)
trъvati (infinitive)
trъvatъ (supine)
trъvalъ (l-participle)
trъvanъ (participle passive past)
trъvajemъ (participle passive present)
trъvavъ (active participle past)
trъvaję (active participle present)
trъvaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
trъva (aorist second-person singular)
trъva (aorist singular third-person)
trъvajǫ (first-person present singular)
trъvaješi (present second-person singular)
trъvajetь (present singular third-person)
trъvaxově (aorist dual first-person)
trъvasta (aorist dual second-person)
trъvaste (aorist dual third-person)
trъvajevě (dual first-person present)
trъvajeta (dual present second-person)
trъvajete (dual present third-person)
trъvaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
trъvaste (aorist plural second-person)
trъvašę (aorist plural third-person)
trъvajemъ (first-person plural present)
trъvajete (plural present second-person)
trъvajǫtь (plural present third-person)
trъvaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
trъvaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
trъvaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
trъvaji (imperative second-person singular)
trъvaji (imperative singular third-person)
trъvaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
trъvaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
trъvaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
trъvajivě (dual first-person imperative)
trъvajita (dual imperative second-person)
trъvaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
trъvaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
trъvaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
trъvajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
trъvajite (imperative plural second-person)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: trvati

Czech: trvat

desctree

Old Polish: trwać
Polish: trwać
→ Old Ruthenian: трывати (tryvati), тривати (trivati), трвати (trvati), трвать (trvatʹ)
Belarusian: трыва́ць (tryvácʹ)
Ukrainian: трива́ти (tryváty)
Silesian: twać

Slovak: trvať

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: trëwac

Slovincian: trwac

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: trwaś

Per Snoj, (effectively) from a w-extension of Proto-Indo-European *treh₂- (“to pass, to cross over”). Compare Proto-Indo-European *térh₂uti (“to overcome”).

cog

(by extension) to insist, to keep up trying


gatъka

gatъka (nominative singular)
gatъcě (dual nominative)
gatъky (nominative plural)
gatъky (genitive singular)
gatъku (dual genitive)
gatъkъ (genitive plural)
gatъcě (dative singular)
gatъkama (dative dual)
gatъkamъ (dative plural)
gatъkǫ (accusative singular)
gatъcě (accusative dual)
gatъky (accusative plural)
gatъkojǫ (instrumental singular)
gatъkǫ (instrumental singular)
gatъkama (dual instrumental)
gatъkami (instrumental plural)
gatъcě (locative singular)
gatъku (dual locative)
gatъkasъ (locative plural)
gatъkaxъ (locative plural)
gatъko (singular vocative)
gatъcě (dual vocative)
gatъky (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: гатъка (gatŭka) (Russian rendition)

desc

гатъками бесѣдовати

→ Old East Slavic: гатъками бесѣдовати (gatŭkami besědovati, “to converse in cryptic manner”) (XII cent.)

Bulgarian: га́тка (gátka) (dialectal)

Macedonian: гатка (gatka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: га̑тка, га̏тка

Latin script: gȃtka, gȁtka

By surface analysis, *gatati (“to tell, to guess”) + *-ъka. Ultimately, perhaps a diminutive of Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾eh₃th₂ós (“proverb”) + *-ъka, cognate with Proto-Indo-Iranian *gaHtʰás (“hymn”).


gatiti

gatìti (canonical imperfective)
*gačiti (alternative)
gaťenьje (noun-from-verb)
gatiti (infinitive)
gatitъ (supine)
gatilъ (l-participle)
gaťь (active participle past)
gatę (active participle present)
gatixъ (aorist first-person singular)
gati (aorist second-person singular)
gati (aorist singular third-person)
gaťǫ (first-person present singular)
gatiši (present second-person singular)
gatitь (present singular third-person)
gatixově (aorist dual first-person)
gatista (aorist dual second-person)
gatiste (aorist dual third-person)
gativě (dual first-person present)
gatita (dual present second-person)
gatite (dual present third-person)
gatixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gatiste (aorist plural second-person)
gatišę (aorist plural third-person)
gatimъ (first-person plural present)
gatite (plural present second-person)
gatętь (plural present third-person)
gaťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gaťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gaťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gati (imperative second-person singular)
gati (imperative singular third-person)
gaťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gaťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gaťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gativě (dual first-person imperative)
gatita (dual imperative second-person)
gaťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gaťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gaťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gatimъ (first-person imperative plural)
gatite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: га́ціць (hácicʹ) (dialectal)

Russian: гати́ть (gatítʹ) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: га́тити (hátyty)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: га̀тити

Latin script: gàtiti

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: gátiti, gáčiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: hatit

desctree

Old Polish: gacić
Polish: gacić
Silesian: gacić

Slovak: hatiť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: gaśiś

Upper Sorbian: haćić

From *gatъ, *gatь (“type of barrier or border”) + *-iti, formally a causative-iterative extension of Proto-Balto-Slavic *gā́ˀtei (“to go, to proceed”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₂- (“to go”).

der

to tramp, to traverse over (hindrance, obstable, boundary along a path)


žędьnъ

žędьnъ (masculine nominative singular)
žędьna (feminine nominative singular)
žędьno (neuter nominative singular)
žędьna (genitive masculine singular)
žędьny (feminine genitive singular)
žędьna (genitive neuter singular)
žędьnu (dative masculine singular)
žędьně (dative feminine singular)
žędьnu (dative neuter singular)
žędьnъ (accusative masculine singular)
žędьnǫ (accusative feminine singular)
žędьno (accusative neuter singular)
žędьnomь (instrumental masculine singular)
žędьnojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
žędьnomь (instrumental neuter singular)
žędьně (locative masculine singular)
žędьně (feminine locative singular)
žędьně (locative neuter singular)
žędьne (masculine singular vocative)
žędьno (feminine singular vocative)
žędьno (neuter singular vocative)
žędьna (dual masculine nominative)
žędьně (dual feminine nominative)
žędьně (dual neuter nominative)
žędьnu (dual genitive masculine)
žędьnu (dual feminine genitive)
žędьnu (dual genitive neuter)
žędьnoma (dative dual masculine)
žędьnama (dative dual feminine)
žędьnoma (dative dual neuter)
žędьna (accusative dual masculine)
žędьně (accusative dual feminine)
žędьně (accusative dual neuter)
žędьnoma (dual instrumental masculine)
žędьnama (dual feminine instrumental)
žędьnoma (dual instrumental neuter)
žędьnu (dual locative masculine)
žędьnu (dual feminine locative)
žędьnu (dual locative neuter)
žędьna (dual masculine vocative)
žędьně (dual feminine vocative)
žędьně (dual neuter vocative)
žędьni (masculine nominative plural)
žędьny (feminine nominative plural)
žędьna (neuter nominative plural)
žędьnъ (genitive masculine plural)
žędьnъ (feminine genitive plural)
žędьnъ (genitive neuter plural)
žędьnomъ (dative masculine plural)
žędьnamъ (dative feminine plural)
žędьnomъ (dative neuter plural)
žędьny (accusative masculine plural)
žędьny (accusative feminine plural)
žędьna (accusative neuter plural)
žędьny (instrumental masculine plural)
žędьnami (feminine instrumental plural)
žędьny (instrumental neuter plural)
žędьněxъ (locative masculine plural)
žędьnaxъ (feminine locative plural)
žędьněxъ (locative neuter plural)
žędьni (masculine plural vocative)
žędьny (feminine plural vocative)
žędьna (neuter plural vocative)
žędьnъjь (masculine nominative singular)
žędьnaja (feminine nominative singular)
žędьnoje (neuter nominative singular)
žędьnajego (genitive masculine singular)
žędьnyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
žędьnajego (genitive neuter singular)
žędьnujemu (dative masculine singular)
žędьněji (dative feminine singular)
žędьnujemu (dative neuter singular)
žędьnъjь (accusative masculine singular)
žędьnǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
žędьnoje (accusative neuter singular)
žędьnyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
žędьnǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
žędьnyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
žędьnějemь (locative masculine singular)
žędьněji (feminine locative singular)
žędьnějemь (locative neuter singular)
žędьnъjь (masculine singular vocative)
žędьnaja (feminine singular vocative)
žędьnoje (neuter singular vocative)
žędьnaja (dual masculine nominative)
žędьněji (dual feminine nominative)
žędьněji (dual neuter nominative)
žędьnuju (dual genitive masculine)
žędьnuju (dual feminine genitive)
žędьnuju (dual genitive neuter)
žędьnyjima (dative dual masculine)
žędьnyjima (dative dual feminine)
žędьnyjima (dative dual neuter)
žędьnaja (accusative dual masculine)
žędьněji (accusative dual feminine)
žędьněji (accusative dual neuter)
žędьnyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
žędьnyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
žędьnyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
žędьnuju (dual locative masculine)
žędьnuju (dual feminine locative)
žędьnuju (dual locative neuter)
žędьnaja (dual masculine vocative)
žędьněji (dual feminine vocative)
žędьněji (dual neuter vocative)
žędьniji (masculine nominative plural)
žędьnyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
žędьnaja (neuter nominative plural)
žędьnъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
žędьnъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
žędьnъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
žędьnyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
žędьnyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
žędьnyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
žędьnyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
žędьnyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
žędьnaja (accusative neuter plural)
žędьnyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
žędьnyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
žędьnyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
žędьnyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
žędьnyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
žędьnyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
žędьniji (masculine plural vocative)
žędьnyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
žędьnaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: жадьнъ (žadĭnŭ)

Belarusian:

Russian: жа́дный (žádnyj)

Ukrainian: жа́дний (žádnyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: жѩдьнъ (žjędĭnŭ)

→ Bulgarian: жа́ден (žáden) (standard)

desc

Bulgarian: же́ден (žéden), жу́ден (žúden) (dialectal, obsolescent)

Macedonian: жеден (žeden)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: же́дан

Latin: žédan

Slovene: žẹ́dən (tonal orthography) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

>? Old Czech: žádný
Czech: žádný

Pannonian Rusyn: жадни (žadni)

Polish: żądny

desctree

>? Old Polish: żadny, żadni, żądni, żądny (-a- in some forms is from Old Czech)
Polish: żaden, żadny, żadzien (Middle Polish)
→ Belarusian: жа́дны (žádny)
→ Ukrainian: жо́дний (žódnyj)
Silesian: żŏdyn

desc

>? Old Slovak: žádny, žiadny, žiaden, žiadon

Pannonian Rusyn: жадни (žadni)

Slovak: žiadny, žiaden

Blend of *žędati (“to wish, desire”) + *-ьnъ and *žędь (“crave”) + *-ьnъ. Parallel to Proto-Slavic *žęďьnъ (< *žęďa + *-ьnъ) whence standard Slovene žẹ́jən (tonal orthography).
Further related to Lithuanian godùs (“greedy, covetous”).
For sense 4 and sense 5, see Old Czech žádný.

(West Slavic, by ellipsis, possibly) no, none

West Slavic; by ellipsis; West Slavic; by ellipsis


běašete

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ⰱⱑⰰⱎⰵⱅⰵ (běašete)

third-person dual imperfective imperfect of *byti


běste

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ⰱⱑⱄⱅⰵ (běste)

third-person dual imperfective aorist of *byti


běxomъ

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ⰱⱑⱈⱁⰿⱏ (běxomŭ)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

first-person plural imperfective aorist of *byti


konotopъ

konotòpъ (canonical masculine)
konotòpъ (nominative singular)
konotopa (dual nominative)
konotopi (nominative plural)
konotopa (genitive singular)
konotopu (dual genitive)
konotopъ (genitive plural)
konotopu (dative singular)
konotopoma (dative dual)
konotopomъ (dative plural)
konotòpъ (accusative singular)
konotopa (accusative dual)
konotopy (accusative plural)
konotopъmь (instrumental singular)
konotopomь (instrumental singular)
konotopoma (dual instrumental)
konotopy (instrumental plural)
konotopě (locative singular)
konotopu (dual locative)
konotopěxъ (locative plural)
konotope (singular vocative)
konotopa (dual vocative)
konotopi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: коното́пъ (konotópŭ)

desc

Belarusian: канато́п (kanatóp, “swamp, bog, marsh”) (dialectal)

⇒ Belarusian: Канато́п (Kanatóp) (toponym)

⇒ Belarusian: Канато́пы pl (Kanatópy) (toponym)

⇒ Belarusian: Канато́пка f (Kanatópka) (river name)

Russian: коното́п (konotóp, “swampy, boggy, impassable area; hinterland, backwoods, province”)

⇒ Russian: Коното́п (Konotóp) (toponym)

⇒ Russian: Коното́пов (Konotópov) (surname)

⇒ Russian: Коното́пцев (Konotópcev) (surname)

⇒ Russian: Коното́пцы pl (Konotópcy) (toponym)

⇒ Ukrainian: Коното́п (Konotóp) (toponym; river name; surname), Коноті́п (Konotíp) (toponym, obsolete)

⇒ Ukrainian: Коното́пи pl (Konotópy) (toponym)

⇒ Ukrainian: Коното́пка f (Konotópka) (river name)

Коното́пцеве

⇒ Ukrainian: Коното́пцеве (Konotópceve) (toponym)

West Slavic:

Czech: Konětopy pl (toponym)

Polish: Konotop (toponym)

→ German: Kontoppe (toponym)

→ German: Köhntöpf (toponym)

From *kòňь (“horse”) + *-o- + *topìti (“to drown”).

affix

(verbatim) swamp in which the horse drowned


konotopъ

East Slavic:

desc

Russian: коното́п (konotóp, “plantain; knotweed”) (dialectal)

⇒ Russian: коното́пка (konotópka), коното́пок (konotópok), конопо́т (konopót, “plantain”), конето́п (konetóp, “grass growing along the roads”), конуто́п (konutóp, “herb with small leaves”), коното́пь (konotópʹ, “beet tops”) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: коното́п (konotóp, “knotweed; red clover”) (dialectal)

From *kòňь (“horse”) + *-o- + *tepti (“to beat”).

affix

(verbatim) (plants) trampled by horses (plantain or knotweed)


svinъ

svinъ (masculine nominative singular)
svina (feminine nominative singular)
svino (neuter nominative singular)
svina (genitive masculine singular)
sviny (feminine genitive singular)
svina (genitive neuter singular)
svinu (dative masculine singular)
svině (dative feminine singular)
svinu (dative neuter singular)
svinъ (accusative masculine singular)
svinǫ (accusative feminine singular)
svino (accusative neuter singular)
svinomь (instrumental masculine singular)
svinojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
svinomь (instrumental neuter singular)
svině (locative masculine singular)
svině (feminine locative singular)
svině (locative neuter singular)
svine (masculine singular vocative)
svino (feminine singular vocative)
svino (neuter singular vocative)
svina (dual masculine nominative)
svině (dual feminine nominative)
svině (dual neuter nominative)
svinu (dual genitive masculine)
svinu (dual feminine genitive)
svinu (dual genitive neuter)
svinoma (dative dual masculine)
svinama (dative dual feminine)
svinoma (dative dual neuter)
svina (accusative dual masculine)
svině (accusative dual feminine)
svině (accusative dual neuter)
svinoma (dual instrumental masculine)
svinama (dual feminine instrumental)
svinoma (dual instrumental neuter)
svinu (dual locative masculine)
svinu (dual feminine locative)
svinu (dual locative neuter)
svina (dual masculine vocative)
svině (dual feminine vocative)
svině (dual neuter vocative)
svini (masculine nominative plural)
sviny (feminine nominative plural)
svina (neuter nominative plural)
svinъ (genitive masculine plural)
svinъ (feminine genitive plural)
svinъ (genitive neuter plural)
svinomъ (dative masculine plural)
svinamъ (dative feminine plural)
svinomъ (dative neuter plural)
sviny (accusative masculine plural)
sviny (accusative feminine plural)
svina (accusative neuter plural)
sviny (instrumental masculine plural)
svinami (feminine instrumental plural)
sviny (instrumental neuter plural)
sviněxъ (locative masculine plural)
svinaxъ (feminine locative plural)
sviněxъ (locative neuter plural)
svini (masculine plural vocative)
sviny (feminine plural vocative)
svina (neuter plural vocative)
svinъjь (masculine nominative singular)
svinaja (feminine nominative singular)
svinoje (neuter nominative singular)
svinajego (genitive masculine singular)
svinyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
svinajego (genitive neuter singular)
svinujemu (dative masculine singular)
sviněji (dative feminine singular)
svinujemu (dative neuter singular)
svinъjь (accusative masculine singular)
svinǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
svinoje (accusative neuter singular)
svinyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
svinǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
svinyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
svinějemь (locative masculine singular)
sviněji (feminine locative singular)
svinějemь (locative neuter singular)
svinъjь (masculine singular vocative)
svinaja (feminine singular vocative)
svinoje (neuter singular vocative)
svinaja (dual masculine nominative)
sviněji (dual feminine nominative)
sviněji (dual neuter nominative)
svinuju (dual genitive masculine)
svinuju (dual feminine genitive)
svinuju (dual genitive neuter)
svinyjima (dative dual masculine)
svinyjima (dative dual feminine)
svinyjima (dative dual neuter)
svinaja (accusative dual masculine)
sviněji (accusative dual feminine)
sviněji (accusative dual neuter)
svinyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
svinyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
svinyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
svinuju (dual locative masculine)
svinuju (dual feminine locative)
svinuju (dual locative neuter)
svinaja (dual masculine vocative)
sviněji (dual feminine vocative)
sviněji (dual neuter vocative)
sviniji (masculine nominative plural)
svinyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
svinaja (neuter nominative plural)
svinъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
svinъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
svinъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
svinyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
svinyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
svinyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
svinyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
svinyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
svinaja (accusative neuter plural)
svinyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
svinyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
svinyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
svinyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
svinyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
svinyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
sviniji (masculine plural vocative)
svinyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
svinaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: свинꙑ́и (svinýi)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: свины́й (svinýj), свинны́й (svinnýj)
Belarusian: свіны́ (sviný), сьвінны́ (sʹvinný)
Ukrainian: свини́й (svynýj)

Russian: свино́й (svinój)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: свинъ (svinŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⰲⰺⱀⱏ (svinŭ)

West Slavic:

Old Polish: świni

Polish: świni (obsolete)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *swīˀnas, from Proto-Indo-European *suH-iHnos, from *suH- (“pig, hog, swine”) + *-iHnos.
Baltic cognates include Latvian svīns (“dirty”). Further cognates with Latin suīnus (“swine; porcine”), Proto-Germanic *swīną (“pig, swine”) (from which comes Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽 (swein), Old High German swīn, English swine, Old Norse svín).


pyrьjь

*pyrьje (alternative)
pyrьjь (nominative singular)
pyrьja (dual nominative)
pyrьji (nominative plural)
pyrьja (genitive singular)
pyrьju (dual genitive)
pyrьjь (genitive plural)
pyrьju (dative singular)
pyrьjema (dative dual)
pyrьjemъ (dative plural)
pyrьjь (accusative singular)
pyrьja (accusative dual)
pyrьję̇ (accusative plural)
pyrьjьmь (instrumental singular)
pyrьjemь (instrumental singular)
pyrьjema (dual instrumental)
pyrьji (instrumental plural)
pyrьji (locative singular)
pyrьju (dual locative)
pyrьjixъ (locative plural)
pyrьju (singular vocative)
pyrьja (dual vocative)
pyrьji (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Middle Russian: пырєи (pyrei)

Russian: пыре́й (pyréj)

Ukrainian: пирі́й (pyríj)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: пи́рей (pírej); (dialectal) пире́й (piréj), пи́рий (pírij), пи́рье n (pírje, “any uncultivated wheatgrass”)

Macedonian: пиреј (pirej)

⇒ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пѝревина

Latin script: pìrevina

West Slavic:

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pyrje, pyrjo n

*pyrъ, *pyrь (“type of wheatgrass”) + *-ьjь (substantivation suffix)


pyrъ

pỳrъ (canonical masculine)
*pỳro (alternative)
*pỳra (alternative)
pyrъ (nominative singular)
pỳra (dual nominative)
pỳri (nominative plural)
pỳra (genitive singular)
pỳru (dual genitive)
pỳrъ (genitive plural)
pỳru (dative singular)
pỳroma (dative dual)
pỳromъ (dative plural)
pyrъ (accusative singular)
pỳra (accusative dual)
pỳry (accusative plural)
pỳrъmь (instrumental singular)
pỳromь (instrumental singular)
pỳroma (dual instrumental)
pỳrȳ (instrumental plural)
pỳrě (locative singular)
pỳru (dual locative)
pỳrě̄xъ (locative plural)
pỳre (singular vocative)
pỳra (dual vocative)
pỳri (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: пир (pir) (dialectal)

q

formally from <i class="Latn mention" lang="sla-pro">*pyryľь</i>

⇒ пи́рел (pírel, “ryegrass”) (dialectal, formally from *pyryľь)

Macedonian: пир (pir)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пи̏р

Latin script: pȉr

West Slavic:

Czech: pýr

Slovak: pýr

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: pyr

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: пꙑро (pyro)

Russian: пыро (pyro) (obsolete)

Ukrainian: пиро (pyro) (obsolete)

South Slavic:

Russian Church Slavonic: пꙑро (pyro)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пи̏ро, пѝрика (dialectal)

Latin script: pȉrо, pìrika (dialectal)

Slovene: pȋro (obsolete), píra

desc

⇒ zapíriti se (“to grow full with couch grass; to become red, to blush”)

Formally from Proto-Balto-Slavic *pū́ˀras m, *pū́ˀra n (descendants flucturate between mobile /in Lithuanian/ and fixed /in Slavic/ accent paradigms), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *puHrós (“sort of wild wheat”) (according to Witczak, originally Triticum compactum). Cognate with Lithuanian pū̃ras (“corn of winter-wheat”) (plural pūrai̇̃ refers to the plant), Latvian pûr̨i pl (“winter wheat”), Old Prussian pure f (“rye brome”), Ancient Greek πῡρός (pūrós, “wheat”).
Synchronically, represents an o-stem variant of i-stems *pyrь, *pyrьjь, with no discernable difference in meaning. Possibly diachronically formed as a (common) objective counterpart to an earlier (neuter) r/n-stem mass noun. Similar constructions are also found in Proto-Indo-European *wesh₂erós (“spring corn”), *sweh₂réh₂ (“millet”) (whence Lithuanian sóra (“common millet”), Western-Curonian dial. Latvian sūra (“a kind of panicgrass”)).
(The similarity to Chuvash пӑри (pări, “farro or spelt”), occassionally noted in the literature, is sometimes dismissed as a coincidence in view of its supposed derivation from Proto-Turkic *bugday (“wheat etc.”). However, Róna-Tas et al. reject this and argue that it is indeed related to Proto-Slavic *pyrъ. )

pyriti

to flourish in spelt/couch grass (for field, area)

pyrovina

stem, root, or plant material of wheatgrass plant

pyrьnica

couch grass; spelt; in languages where the primary term refers to

Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta
Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta


junьcь

junь̀cь (canonical masculine)
junь̀cь (nominative singular)
junьcà (dual nominative)
junьcì (nominative plural)
junьcà (genitive singular)
junьcù (dual genitive)
junь̀cь (genitive plural)
junьcù (dative singular)
junьcèma (dative dual)
junь̀cemъ (dative plural)
junь̀cь (accusative singular)
junьcà (accusative dual)
junьcę̇̀ (accusative plural)
junьcь̀mь (instrumental singular)
junьcèmь (instrumental singular)
junьcèma (dual instrumental)
junь̀ci (instrumental plural)
junьcì (locative singular)
junьcù (dual locative)
junь̀cixъ (locative plural)
junьče (singular vocative)
junьcà (dual vocative)
junьcì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: уньць (unĭcĭ), юньць (junĭcĭ), юньць (junĭcĭ), ѭньць (jǫnĭcĭ)

Belarusian: юне́ц (junjéc)

Russian: юне́ц (junéc)

Ukrainian: юне́ць (junécʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: юньць (junĭcĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱓⱀⱐⱌⱐ (junĭcĭ)

Bulgarian: юне́ц (junéc); йуне́ц (junéc), йу́ниц (júnic) (dialectal)

Macedonian: јунец (junec)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ју́нац

Latin script: júnac

Slovene: júnəc (tonal orthography); júnac (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: junec, jinec

Czech: junec (dialectal)

Kashubian: junc

Polabian: jaunăc, jainăc

Old Polish: Juniec (proper name)

Polish: juniec; joniec (dialectal)

Old Slovak: junec

Slovak: junec; juňec (dialectal)

Slovincian: jùńc


bratьcь

bràtьcь (canonical masculine)
bràtьcь (nominative singular)
bràtьca (dual nominative)
bràtьci (nominative plural)
bràtьca (genitive singular)
bràtьcu (dual genitive)
bràtьcь (genitive plural)
bràtьcu (dative singular)
bràtьcema (dative dual)
bràtьcēmъ (dative plural)
bràtьcь (accusative singular)
bràtьca (accusative dual)
bràtьcę̇ (accusative plural)
bràtьcьmь (instrumental singular)
bràtьcemь (instrumental singular)
bràtьcema (dual instrumental)
bràtьcī (instrumental plural)
bràtьci (locative singular)
bràtьcu (dual locative)
bràtьcīxъ (locative plural)
bràtьče (singular vocative)
bràtьca (dual vocative)
bràtьci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: бра́цец (brácjec)

Russian: бра́тец (brátec)

Ukrainian: бра́тець (brátecʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бра́тец (brátec)

Macedonian: братец (bratec)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бра̏тац

Latin script: brȁtac

Slovene: brȃtəc (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: bratec

Polabian: brotăc

Old Polish: braciec

Slovak: bratec


palьcь

pàlьcь (canonical masculine)
pàlьcь (nominative singular)
pàlьca (dual nominative)
pàlьci (nominative plural)
pàlьca (genitive singular)
pàlьcu (dual genitive)
pàlьcь (genitive plural)
pàlьcu (dative singular)
pàlьcema (dative dual)
pàlьcēmъ (dative plural)
pàlьcь (accusative singular)
pàlьca (accusative dual)
pàlьcę̇ (accusative plural)
pàlьcьmь (instrumental singular)
pàlьcemь (instrumental singular)
pàlьcema (dual instrumental)
pàlьcī (instrumental plural)
pàlьci (locative singular)
pàlьcu (dual locative)
pàlьcīxъ (locative plural)
pàlьče (singular vocative)
pàlьca (dual vocative)
pàlьci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: па́льць (pálĭcĭ)

Old Ruthenian: па́лець (pálecʹ), па́лецъ (pálecʹ)

Belarusian: па́лец (páljec); па́ліц (pálic), па́ляц (páljac) (dialectal)

Carpathian Rusyn: па́лець (pálecʹ)

Ukrainian: па́лець (pálecʹ); па́лец (pálec) (dialectal)

Middle Russian: па́лець (pálecʹ), па́лецъ (pálec)

Russian: па́лец (pálec)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: пальць (palĭcĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⰰⰾⱐⱌⱐ (palĭcĭ)

Bulgarian: па́лец (pálec); па́лиц (pálic) (dialectal)

Macedonian: палец (palec)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: па̏лац

Latin script: pȁlac

Old Slovene: paliz, páłz

Slovene: pȃləc (tonal orthography); pálec, palac, pauc (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: palec
Czech: palec

desctree

Old Polish: palec
Polish: palec, palic (Lasovia)
Silesian: palec

Old Slovak: palec
Pannonian Rusyn: палєц (paljec)
Slovak: palec

Polabian: polăc

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: pôlc

Slovincian: polc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: palc

Lower Sorbian: palc

From *pàlъ + *-ьcь. Sometimes compared to Latin pollex. Pokorny derives both from a Proto-Indo-European *pōlo- (“fat, swollen, big”), but this is uncertain.


selьskъ

sèlьskъ (canonical)
selьskъ (masculine nominative singular)
selьska (feminine nominative singular)
selьsko (neuter nominative singular)
selьska (genitive masculine singular)
selьsky (feminine genitive singular)
selьska (genitive neuter singular)
selьsku (dative masculine singular)
selьscě (dative feminine singular)
selьsku (dative neuter singular)
selьskъ (accusative masculine singular)
selьskǫ (accusative feminine singular)
selьsko (accusative neuter singular)
selьskomь (instrumental masculine singular)
selьskojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
selьskomь (instrumental neuter singular)
selьscě (locative masculine singular)
selьscě (feminine locative singular)
selьscě (locative neuter singular)
selьšče (masculine singular vocative)
selьsko (feminine singular vocative)
selьsko (neuter singular vocative)
selьska (dual masculine nominative)
selьscě (dual feminine nominative)
selьscě (dual neuter nominative)
selьsku (dual genitive masculine)
selьsku (dual feminine genitive)
selьsku (dual genitive neuter)
selьskoma (dative dual masculine)
selьskama (dative dual feminine)
selьskoma (dative dual neuter)
selьska (accusative dual masculine)
selьscě (accusative dual feminine)
selьscě (accusative dual neuter)
selьskoma (dual instrumental masculine)
selьskama (dual feminine instrumental)
selьskoma (dual instrumental neuter)
selьsku (dual locative masculine)
selьsku (dual feminine locative)
selьsku (dual locative neuter)
selьska (dual masculine vocative)
selьscě (dual feminine vocative)
selьscě (dual neuter vocative)
selьsci (masculine nominative plural)
selьsky (feminine nominative plural)
selьska (neuter nominative plural)
selьskъ (genitive masculine plural)
selьskъ (feminine genitive plural)
selьskъ (genitive neuter plural)
selьskomъ (dative masculine plural)
selьskamъ (dative feminine plural)
selьskomъ (dative neuter plural)
selьsky (accusative masculine plural)
selьsky (accusative feminine plural)
selьska (accusative neuter plural)
selьsky (instrumental masculine plural)
selьskami (feminine instrumental plural)
selьsky (instrumental neuter plural)
selьscěxъ (locative masculine plural)
selьskaxъ (feminine locative plural)
selьscěxъ (locative neuter plural)
selьsci (masculine plural vocative)
selьsky (feminine plural vocative)
selьska (neuter plural vocative)
selьskъjь (masculine nominative singular)
selьskaja (feminine nominative singular)
selьskoje (neuter nominative singular)
selьskajego (genitive masculine singular)
selьskyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
selьskajego (genitive neuter singular)
selьskujemu (dative masculine singular)
selьscěji (dative feminine singular)
selьskujemu (dative neuter singular)
selьskъjь (accusative masculine singular)
selьskǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
selьskoje (accusative neuter singular)
selьskyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
selьskǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
selьskyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
selьscějemь (locative masculine singular)
selьscěji (feminine locative singular)
selьscějemь (locative neuter singular)
selьskъjь (masculine singular vocative)
selьskaja (feminine singular vocative)
selьskoje (neuter singular vocative)
selьskaja (dual masculine nominative)
selьscěji (dual feminine nominative)
selьscěji (dual neuter nominative)
selьskuju (dual genitive masculine)
selьskuju (dual feminine genitive)
selьskuju (dual genitive neuter)
selьskyjima (dative dual masculine)
selьskyjima (dative dual feminine)
selьskyjima (dative dual neuter)
selьskaja (accusative dual masculine)
selьscěji (accusative dual feminine)
selьscěji (accusative dual neuter)
selьskyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
selьskyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
selьskyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
selьskuju (dual locative masculine)
selьskuju (dual feminine locative)
selьskuju (dual locative neuter)
selьskaja (dual masculine vocative)
selьscěji (dual feminine vocative)
selьscěji (dual neuter vocative)
selьsciji (masculine nominative plural)
selьskyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
selьskaja (neuter nominative plural)
selьskъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
selьskъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
selьskъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
selьskyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
selьskyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
selьskyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
selьskyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
selьskyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
selьskaja (accusative neuter plural)
selьskyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
selьskyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
selьskyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
selьskyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
selьskyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
selьskyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
selьsciji (masculine plural vocative)
selьskyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
selьskaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сельскъіи (selĭskyi)

Belarusian: се́льскі (sjélʹski)

Russian: се́льский (sélʹskij)

Ukrainian: сільськи́й (silʹsʹkýj)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: се́лски (sélski)

Macedonian: селски (selski)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сѐоскӣ

Latin script: sèoskī

Slovene: sélski (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: selský

Polish: sielski


ženьskъ

žènьskъ (canonical)
žènьskъjь (canonical)
ženьskъ (masculine nominative singular)
ženьska (feminine nominative singular)
ženьsko (neuter nominative singular)
ženьska (genitive masculine singular)
ženьsky (feminine genitive singular)
ženьska (genitive neuter singular)
ženьsku (dative masculine singular)
ženьscě (dative feminine singular)
ženьsku (dative neuter singular)
ženьskъ (accusative masculine singular)
ženьskǫ (accusative feminine singular)
ženьsko (accusative neuter singular)
ženьskomь (instrumental masculine singular)
ženьskojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
ženьskomь (instrumental neuter singular)
ženьscě (locative masculine singular)
ženьscě (feminine locative singular)
ženьscě (locative neuter singular)
ženьšče (masculine singular vocative)
ženьsko (feminine singular vocative)
ženьsko (neuter singular vocative)
ženьska (dual masculine nominative)
ženьscě (dual feminine nominative)
ženьscě (dual neuter nominative)
ženьsku (dual genitive masculine)
ženьsku (dual feminine genitive)
ženьsku (dual genitive neuter)
ženьskoma (dative dual masculine)
ženьskama (dative dual feminine)
ženьskoma (dative dual neuter)
ženьska (accusative dual masculine)
ženьscě (accusative dual feminine)
ženьscě (accusative dual neuter)
ženьskoma (dual instrumental masculine)
ženьskama (dual feminine instrumental)
ženьskoma (dual instrumental neuter)
ženьsku (dual locative masculine)
ženьsku (dual feminine locative)
ženьsku (dual locative neuter)
ženьska (dual masculine vocative)
ženьscě (dual feminine vocative)
ženьscě (dual neuter vocative)
ženьsci (masculine nominative plural)
ženьsky (feminine nominative plural)
ženьska (neuter nominative plural)
ženьskъ (genitive masculine plural)
ženьskъ (feminine genitive plural)
ženьskъ (genitive neuter plural)
ženьskomъ (dative masculine plural)
ženьskamъ (dative feminine plural)
ženьskomъ (dative neuter plural)
ženьsky (accusative masculine plural)
ženьsky (accusative feminine plural)
ženьska (accusative neuter plural)
ženьsky (instrumental masculine plural)
ženьskami (feminine instrumental plural)
ženьsky (instrumental neuter plural)
ženьscěxъ (locative masculine plural)
ženьskaxъ (feminine locative plural)
ženьscěxъ (locative neuter plural)
ženьsci (masculine plural vocative)
ženьsky (feminine plural vocative)
ženьska (neuter plural vocative)
ženьskъjь (masculine nominative singular)
ženьskaja (feminine nominative singular)
ženьskoje (neuter nominative singular)
ženьskajego (genitive masculine singular)
ženьskyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
ženьskajego (genitive neuter singular)
ženьskujemu (dative masculine singular)
ženьscěji (dative feminine singular)
ženьskujemu (dative neuter singular)
ženьskъjь (accusative masculine singular)
ženьskǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
ženьskoje (accusative neuter singular)
ženьskyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
ženьskǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
ženьskyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
ženьscějemь (locative masculine singular)
ženьscěji (feminine locative singular)
ženьscějemь (locative neuter singular)
ženьskъjь (masculine singular vocative)
ženьskaja (feminine singular vocative)
ženьskoje (neuter singular vocative)
ženьskaja (dual masculine nominative)
ženьscěji (dual feminine nominative)
ženьscěji (dual neuter nominative)
ženьskuju (dual genitive masculine)
ženьskuju (dual feminine genitive)
ženьskuju (dual genitive neuter)
ženьskyjima (dative dual masculine)
ženьskyjima (dative dual feminine)
ženьskyjima (dative dual neuter)
ženьskaja (accusative dual masculine)
ženьscěji (accusative dual feminine)
ženьscěji (accusative dual neuter)
ženьskyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
ženьskyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
ženьskyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
ženьskuju (dual locative masculine)
ženьskuju (dual feminine locative)
ženьskuju (dual locative neuter)
ženьskaja (dual masculine vocative)
ženьscěji (dual feminine vocative)
ženьscěji (dual neuter vocative)
ženьsciji (masculine nominative plural)
ženьskyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
ženьskaja (neuter nominative plural)
ženьskъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
ženьskъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
ženьskъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
ženьskyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
ženьskyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
ženьskyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
ženьskyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
ženьskyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
ženьskaja (accusative neuter plural)
ženьskyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
ženьskyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
ženьskyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
ženьskyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
ženьskyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
ženьskyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
ženьsciji (masculine plural vocative)
ženьskyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
ženьskaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: женьскъ (ženĭskŭ)

desc

Old Ruthenian: женскїй (ženskij), жонскїй (žonskij)

Russian: же́нский (žénskij)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⰶⰵⱀⱐⱄⰽⱏ (ženĭskŭ)

Old Cyrillic script: женьскъ (ženĭskŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жѐнскӣ

Latin script: žènskī

Slovene: žẹ́nski (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Lechitic:

Old Polish: żeński

Polish: żeński

Polabian: *zensťĕ

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: žensći

Old Czech: ženský

Czech: ženský

Old Slovak: ženský

Pannonian Rusyn: женски (ženski)

Slovak: ženský

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: žónski

Lower Sorbian: žeński


mǫžьskъ

mǫ̑žьskъ (canonical)
mǫžьskъ̀jь (canonical)
mǫžьskъ (masculine nominative singular)
mǫžьska (feminine nominative singular)
mǫžьsko (neuter nominative singular)
mǫžьska (genitive masculine singular)
mǫžьsky (feminine genitive singular)
mǫžьska (genitive neuter singular)
mǫžьsku (dative masculine singular)
mǫžьscě (dative feminine singular)
mǫžьsku (dative neuter singular)
mǫžьskъ (accusative masculine singular)
mǫžьskǫ (accusative feminine singular)
mǫžьsko (accusative neuter singular)
mǫžьskomь (instrumental masculine singular)
mǫžьskojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
mǫžьskomь (instrumental neuter singular)
mǫžьscě (locative masculine singular)
mǫžьscě (feminine locative singular)
mǫžьscě (locative neuter singular)
mǫžьšče (masculine singular vocative)
mǫžьsko (feminine singular vocative)
mǫžьsko (neuter singular vocative)
mǫžьska (dual masculine nominative)
mǫžьscě (dual feminine nominative)
mǫžьscě (dual neuter nominative)
mǫžьsku (dual genitive masculine)
mǫžьsku (dual feminine genitive)
mǫžьsku (dual genitive neuter)
mǫžьskoma (dative dual masculine)
mǫžьskama (dative dual feminine)
mǫžьskoma (dative dual neuter)
mǫžьska (accusative dual masculine)
mǫžьscě (accusative dual feminine)
mǫžьscě (accusative dual neuter)
mǫžьskoma (dual instrumental masculine)
mǫžьskama (dual feminine instrumental)
mǫžьskoma (dual instrumental neuter)
mǫžьsku (dual locative masculine)
mǫžьsku (dual feminine locative)
mǫžьsku (dual locative neuter)
mǫžьska (dual masculine vocative)
mǫžьscě (dual feminine vocative)
mǫžьscě (dual neuter vocative)
mǫžьsci (masculine nominative plural)
mǫžьsky (feminine nominative plural)
mǫžьska (neuter nominative plural)
mǫžьskъ (genitive masculine plural)
mǫžьskъ (feminine genitive plural)
mǫžьskъ (genitive neuter plural)
mǫžьskomъ (dative masculine plural)
mǫžьskamъ (dative feminine plural)
mǫžьskomъ (dative neuter plural)
mǫžьsky (accusative masculine plural)
mǫžьsky (accusative feminine plural)
mǫžьska (accusative neuter plural)
mǫžьsky (instrumental masculine plural)
mǫžьskami (feminine instrumental plural)
mǫžьsky (instrumental neuter plural)
mǫžьscěxъ (locative masculine plural)
mǫžьskaxъ (feminine locative plural)
mǫžьscěxъ (locative neuter plural)
mǫžьsci (masculine plural vocative)
mǫžьsky (feminine plural vocative)
mǫžьska (neuter plural vocative)
mǫžьskъjь (masculine nominative singular)
mǫžьskaja (feminine nominative singular)
mǫžьskoje (neuter nominative singular)
mǫžьskajego (genitive masculine singular)
mǫžьskyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
mǫžьskajego (genitive neuter singular)
mǫžьskujemu (dative masculine singular)
mǫžьscěji (dative feminine singular)
mǫžьskujemu (dative neuter singular)
mǫžьskъjь (accusative masculine singular)
mǫžьskǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
mǫžьskoje (accusative neuter singular)
mǫžьskyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
mǫžьskǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
mǫžьskyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
mǫžьscějemь (locative masculine singular)
mǫžьscěji (feminine locative singular)
mǫžьscějemь (locative neuter singular)
mǫžьskъjь (masculine singular vocative)
mǫžьskaja (feminine singular vocative)
mǫžьskoje (neuter singular vocative)
mǫžьskaja (dual masculine nominative)
mǫžьscěji (dual feminine nominative)
mǫžьscěji (dual neuter nominative)
mǫžьskuju (dual genitive masculine)
mǫžьskuju (dual feminine genitive)
mǫžьskuju (dual genitive neuter)
mǫžьskyjima (dative dual masculine)
mǫžьskyjima (dative dual feminine)
mǫžьskyjima (dative dual neuter)
mǫžьskaja (accusative dual masculine)
mǫžьscěji (accusative dual feminine)
mǫžьscěji (accusative dual neuter)
mǫžьskyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
mǫžьskyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
mǫžьskyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
mǫžьskuju (dual locative masculine)
mǫžьskuju (dual feminine locative)
mǫžьskuju (dual locative neuter)
mǫžьskaja (dual masculine vocative)
mǫžьscěji (dual feminine vocative)
mǫžьscěji (dual neuter vocative)
mǫžьsciji (masculine nominative plural)
mǫžьskyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
mǫžьskaja (neuter nominative plural)
mǫžьskъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
mǫžьskъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
mǫžьskъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
mǫžьskyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
mǫžьskyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
mǫžьskyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
mǫžьskyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
mǫžьskyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
mǫžьskaja (accusative neuter plural)
mǫžьskyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
mǫžьskyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
mǫžьskyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
mǫžьskyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
mǫžьskyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
mǫžьskyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
mǫžьsciji (masculine plural vocative)
mǫžьskyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
mǫžьskaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мѫжьскъ (mǫžĭskŭ), мужьскъ (mužĭskŭ)

Old Ruthenian: мужскїй (mužskij), мужескїй (mužeskij)

Belarusian: мужски́й (mužskíj)

Carpathian Rusyn: му́жськы́й (múžsʹkŷ́j), му́жеськый (múžesʹkŷj)

Ukrainian: му́жеський (múžesʹkyj) (dialectal)

Middle Russian: мужской (mužskoj), мужеский (mužeskij)

Russian: мужско́й (mužskój); мусько́й (musʹkój) (dialectal); му́жьки́й (múžʹkíj), мьшско́й (mʹšskój), мушско́й (mušskój) (Old Believers)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: мѫжьскъ (mǫžĭskŭ)

Middle Bulgarian: мꙋужьскы́и (muužĭskýi) (Southwestern)

Bulgarian: мъ́жки (mǎ́žki)

Macedonian: машки (maški)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: му̏шкӣ, му̀шкӣ

Latin script: mȕškī

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: moškì, móški (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mužský

Czech: mužský

Old Polish: męski

Polish: męski

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: mãsczi, mãżsczi (orthographical variant)

Old Slovak: mužský

Slovak: mužský; muskí (dialectal)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: mužski, muski

Lower Sorbian: muski (rare)


korьcь

kòrьcь (canonical)
korь̀cь (canonical masculine)
korь̀cь (nominative singular)
korьcà (dual nominative)
korьcì (nominative plural)
korьcà (genitive singular)
korьcù (dual genitive)
korь̀cь (genitive plural)
korьcù (dative singular)
korьcèma (dative dual)
korь̀cemъ (dative plural)
korь̀cь (accusative singular)
korьcà (accusative dual)
korьcę̇̀ (accusative plural)
korьcь̀mь (instrumental singular)
korьcèmь (instrumental singular)
korьcèma (dual instrumental)
korь̀ci (instrumental plural)
korьcì (locative singular)
korьcù (dual locative)
korь̀cixъ (locative plural)
korьče (singular vocative)
korьcà (dual vocative)
korьcì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: корьць (korĭcĭ), корець (korecĭ)

Middle Belarusian: корец (korec)

Belarusian: карэ́ц (karéc), корец (kórjec), ко́рац (kórac); корэ́ц (koréc) (dialectal)

Russian: коре́ц (koréc) (dialectal)

Middle Ukrainian: корецъ (korecʹ)

Ukrainian: коре́ць (korécʹ), кіре́ць (kirécʹ); коре́ц (koréc), ко́риц (kóryc), ко́рец (kórec) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: корьць (korĭcĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰽⱁⱃⱐⱌⱐ (korĭcĭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ко̀рац; корац, корец (dated, dialectal)

Latin script: kòrac; kоraс, kоreс (dated, dialectal)

Slovene: kórəc (tonal orthography); kоràс (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kоřес

Czech: kоrес

Polabian: ťörăc

Old Polish: korzec

Polish: korzec; kᵘ̯ožec, kоř́ес (dialectal)

Slovak: kоrес

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: kórc

Upper Sorbian: kórc


slěpьcь

slěpь̀cь (canonical masculine)
slěpь̀cь (nominative singular)
slěpьcà (dual nominative)
slěpьcì (nominative plural)
slěpьcà (genitive singular)
slěpьcù (dual genitive)
slěpь̀cь (genitive plural)
slěpьcù (dative singular)
slěpьcèma (dative dual)
slěpь̀cemъ (dative plural)
slěpь̀cь (accusative singular)
slěpьcà (accusative dual)
slěpьcę̇̀ (accusative plural)
slěpьcь̀mь (instrumental singular)
slěpьcèmь (instrumental singular)
slěpьcèma (dual instrumental)
slěpь̀ci (instrumental plural)
slěpьcì (locative singular)
slěpьcù (dual locative)
slěpь̀cixъ (locative plural)
slěpьče (singular vocative)
slěpьcà (dual vocative)
slěpьcì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: слепе́ц (slepéc)

Ukrainian: сліпе́ць (slipécʹ)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сле́пац

Latin script: slépac

Slovene: slẹ́pəc (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: slepec

Czech: slepec

Polabian: slepăc

Polish: ślepiec


rožьcь

rožь̀cь (canonical masculine)
rožь̀cь (nominative singular)
rožьcà (dual nominative)
rožьcì (nominative plural)
rožьcà (genitive singular)
rožьcù (dual genitive)
rožь̀cь (genitive plural)
rožьcù (dative singular)
rožьcèma (dative dual)
rožь̀cemъ (dative plural)
rožь̀cь (accusative singular)
rožьcà (accusative dual)
rožьcę̇̀ (accusative plural)
rožьcь̀mь (instrumental singular)
rožьcèmь (instrumental singular)
rožьcèma (dual instrumental)
rožь̀ci (instrumental plural)
rožьcì (locative singular)
rožьcù (dual locative)
rožь̀cixъ (locative plural)
rožьče (singular vocative)
rožьcà (dual vocative)
rožьcì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: роже́ц (rožéc)

West Slavic:

Polabian: rüzăc


česnikъ

česnìkъ (canonical masculine)
česnikъ (nominative singular)
česnika (dual nominative)
česnici (nominative plural)
česnika (genitive singular)
česniku (dual genitive)
česnikъ (genitive plural)
česniku (dative singular)
česnikoma (dative dual)
česnikomъ (dative plural)
česnikъ (accusative singular)
česnika (accusative dual)
česniky (accusative plural)
česnikъmь (instrumental singular)
česnikomь (instrumental singular)
česnikoma (dual instrumental)
česniky (instrumental plural)
česnicě (locative singular)
česniku (dual locative)
česnicěxъ (locative plural)
česniče (singular vocative)
česnika (dual vocative)
česnici (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: часни́к (časnýk); чесник (česnyk), чеснік (česnik), чисник (čysnyk), чісни́к (čisnýk), чосни́к (čosnýk) (rare, dialectal)

→? Polish: czosnyk, cesnik (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Slovene: česník

West Slavic:

>? Czech: česnik (dialectal)


družьja

družьjà (canonical feminine)
družьja (nominative singular)
družьji (dual nominative)
družьję̇ (nominative plural)
družьję̇ (genitive singular)
družьju (dual genitive)
družьjь (genitive plural)
družьji (dative singular)
družьjama (dative dual)
družьjamъ (dative plural)
družьjǫ (accusative singular)
družьji (accusative dual)
družьję̇ (accusative plural)
družьjejǫ (instrumental singular)
družьjǫ (instrumental singular)
družьjama (dual instrumental)
družьjami (instrumental plural)
družьji (locative singular)
družьju (dual locative)
družьjasъ (locative plural)
družьjaxъ (locative plural)
družьje (singular vocative)
družьji (dual vocative)
družьję̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: друзья́ (druzʹjá), дружья́ (družʹjá) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Croatian: Дрꙋзја̀


mǫžьja

East Slavic:

Middle Russian: мꙋжьѧ́мъ (mužʹjám)

Russian: мужья́ (mužʹjá)

South Slavic:

Old Croatian: Мꙋжја̀


děverьja

dě̀verьja (canonical)
děverьjà (canonical feminine)

East Slavic:

Russian: де́верья (déverʹja), деверья́ (deverʹjá); деве́рья (devérʹja)

From *dě̀verь + *-ьja (AP a) and *dě̑verь + *-ьja (AP c).


xoliti

xòliti (canonical)
sę (romanization)
xoľenьje (noun-from-verb)
xoliti (infinitive)
xolitъ (supine)
xolilъ (l-participle)
xoľenъ (participle passive past)
xolimъ (participle passive present)
xoľь (active participle past)
xolę (active participle present)
xolixъ (aorist first-person singular)
xoli (aorist second-person singular)
xoli (aorist singular third-person)
xoľǫ (first-person present singular)
xoliši (present second-person singular)
xolitь (present singular third-person)
xolixově (aorist dual first-person)
xolista (aorist dual second-person)
xoliste (aorist dual third-person)
xolivě (dual first-person present)
xolita (dual present second-person)
xolite (dual present third-person)
xolixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
xoliste (aorist plural second-person)
xolišę (aorist plural third-person)
xolimъ (first-person plural present)
xolite (plural present second-person)
xolętь (plural present third-person)
xoľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
xoľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
xoľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
xoli (imperative second-person singular)
xoli (imperative singular third-person)
xoľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
xoľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
xoľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
xolivě (dual first-person imperative)
xolita (dual imperative second-person)
xoľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
xoľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
xoľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
xolimъ (first-person imperative plural)
xolite (imperative plural second-person)

Probably from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ksalīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *ksol-éyeti. Represent a continuation of Proto-Indo-European *ksol-, from *kes- (“to scrape, comb”).
Cognate with Sanskrit क्षालयति (kṣālayati, “to wash, cleanse”), Lithuanian skaláuti (“to wash, rinse”).

cog

⇒ Russian: холево

Russian: хо́лить (xólitʹ, “to take care of, to look after”); хо́литься (xólitʹsja, “indulge”) (dialectal)

⇒ Ukrainian: хо́ла́

Ukrainian: холи́ти (xolýty, “to clean, tidy up”) (dialectal)


ežakъ

ežàkъ (canonical masculine)
ežakъ (nominative singular)
ežaka (dual nominative)
ežaci (nominative plural)
ežaka (genitive singular)
ežaku (dual genitive)
ežakъ (genitive plural)
ežaku (dative singular)
ežakoma (dative dual)
ežakomъ (dative plural)
ežakъ (accusative singular)
ežaka (accusative dual)
ežaky (accusative plural)
ežakъmь (instrumental singular)
ežakomь (instrumental singular)
ežakoma (dual instrumental)
ežaky (instrumental plural)
ežacě (locative singular)
ežaku (dual locative)
ežacěxъ (locative plural)
ežače (singular vocative)
ežaka (dual vocative)
ežaci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *ежакъ (*ježakŭ)

Russian: ежа́к (ježák) (regional)

Ukrainian: їжа́к (jižák); єжу́к (ježúk) (dialectal)

⇒ Ukrainian: їжачи́ч (jižačýč) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Czech: ježák

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: jěžak

From *ežь (“hedgehog”) + *-akъ (“diminutive suffix”).


plěšь

plě̑šь (canonical feminine)
*plěša (alternative)
plě̑šь (nominative singular)
plě̑ši (dual nominative)
plě̑ši (nominative plural)
plěší (genitive singular)
plěšьjù (dual genitive)
plěšь̀jь (genitive plural)
plě̑ši (dative singular)
plěšьmà (dative dual)
plě̑šьmъ (dative plural)
plě̑šь (accusative singular)
plě̑ši (accusative dual)
plě̑ši (accusative plural)
plěšьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
plěšьmà (dual instrumental)
plěšьmì (instrumental plural)
plěší (locative singular)
plěšьjù (dual locative)
plě̑šьxъ (locative plural)
plěši (singular vocative)
plě̑ši (dual vocative)
plě̑ši (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

Belarusian: плеш (plješ)

Russian: плешь (plešʹ)

Ukrainian: плíш (plíš)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: плѣша (plěša)

Bulgarian: плеш (pleš) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Serbo-Croatian: пље̏ша (obsolete)

Serbo-Croatian: pljȅša (obsolete)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: plẹ̑š, plẹ́ša (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: pleš

desctree

Old Polish: plesz
Polish: (obsolete) plesz

Slovak: pleš (rare)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: plěch

Upper Sorbian: plesa

→ Romanian: pleș (“bald”)

Cognate with Lithuanian pli̇̀kas (“bald”), pléikė (“bald patch”), Latvian pliks (“bare, bald”), possibly dialectal Norwegian flein (“bald patch”), mechanically from a Proto-Indo-European *ployḱh₂-o-, perhaps ultimately from a ḱ-extension of Proto-Indo-European *(s)pley- (“to pluck, to trim, to splice”). By surface analysis, *plěxa (“cleansed spot”) + *-ь.

surf

plěšiti

*plěxъ (“rare, faint, obscure”), *plěxavъ (“pale, faint”)


pěsъčьnъ

pě̄sъ̀čьnъ (canonical)
pě̄sъ̀čьnъjь (canonical)
pě̄sъ̀čьnъ (masculine nominative singular)
pě̄sъ̀čьna (feminine nominative singular)
pě̄sъ̀čьno (neuter nominative singular)
pě̄sъ̀čьna (genitive masculine singular)
pě̄sъ̀čьny (feminine genitive singular)
pě̄sъ̀čьna (genitive neuter singular)
pě̄sъ̀čьnu (dative masculine singular)
pě̄sъ̀čьně (dative feminine singular)
pě̄sъ̀čьnu (dative neuter singular)
pě̄sъ̀čьnъ (accusative masculine singular)
pě̄sъ̀čьnǫ (accusative feminine singular)
pě̄sъ̀čьno (accusative neuter singular)
pě̄sъ̀čьnomь (instrumental masculine singular)
pě̄sъ̀čьnojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
pě̄sъ̀čьnomь (instrumental neuter singular)
pě̄sъ̀čьně (locative masculine singular)
pě̄sъ̀čьně (feminine locative singular)
pě̄sъ̀čьně (locative neuter singular)
pě̄sъ̀čьne (masculine singular vocative)
pě̄sъ̀čьno (feminine singular vocative)
pě̄sъ̀čьno (neuter singular vocative)
pě̄sъ̀čьna (dual masculine nominative)
pě̄sъ̀čьně (dual feminine nominative)
pě̄sъ̀čьně (dual neuter nominative)
pě̄sъ̀čьnu (dual genitive masculine)
pě̄sъ̀čьnu (dual feminine genitive)
pě̄sъ̀čьnu (dual genitive neuter)
pě̄sъ̀čьnoma (dative dual masculine)
pě̄sъ̀čьnama (dative dual feminine)
pě̄sъ̀čьnoma (dative dual neuter)
pě̄sъ̀čьna (accusative dual masculine)
pě̄sъ̀čьně (accusative dual feminine)
pě̄sъ̀čьně (accusative dual neuter)
pě̄sъ̀čьnoma (dual instrumental masculine)
pě̄sъ̀čьnama (dual feminine instrumental)
pě̄sъ̀čьnoma (dual instrumental neuter)
pě̄sъ̀čьnu (dual locative masculine)
pě̄sъ̀čьnu (dual feminine locative)
pě̄sъ̀čьnu (dual locative neuter)
pě̄sъ̀čьna (dual masculine vocative)
pě̄sъ̀čьně (dual feminine vocative)
pě̄sъ̀čьně (dual neuter vocative)
pě̄sъ̀čьni (masculine nominative plural)
pě̄sъ̀čьny (feminine nominative plural)
pě̄sъ̀čьna (neuter nominative plural)
pě̄sъ̀čьnъ (genitive masculine plural)
pě̄sъ̀čьnъ (feminine genitive plural)
pě̄sъ̀čьnъ (genitive neuter plural)
pě̄sъ̀čьnomъ (dative masculine plural)
pě̄sъ̀čьnamъ (dative feminine plural)
pě̄sъ̀čьnomъ (dative neuter plural)
pě̄sъ̀čьny (accusative masculine plural)
pě̄sъ̀čьny (accusative feminine plural)
pě̄sъ̀čьna (accusative neuter plural)
pě̄sъ̀čьny (instrumental masculine plural)
pě̄sъ̀čьnami (feminine instrumental plural)
pě̄sъ̀čьny (instrumental neuter plural)
pě̄sъ̀čьněxъ (locative masculine plural)
pě̄sъ̀čьnaxъ (feminine locative plural)
pě̄sъ̀čьněxъ (locative neuter plural)
pě̄sъ̀čьni (masculine plural vocative)
pě̄sъ̀čьny (feminine plural vocative)
pě̄sъ̀čьna (neuter plural vocative)
pě̄sъ̀čьnъjь (masculine nominative singular)
pě̄sъ̀čьnaja (feminine nominative singular)
pě̄sъ̀čьnoje (neuter nominative singular)
pě̄sъ̀čьnajego (genitive masculine singular)
pě̄sъ̀čьnyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
pě̄sъ̀čьnajego (genitive neuter singular)
pě̄sъ̀čьnujemu (dative masculine singular)
pě̄sъ̀čьněji (dative feminine singular)
pě̄sъ̀čьnujemu (dative neuter singular)
pě̄sъ̀čьnъjь (accusative masculine singular)
pě̄sъ̀čьnǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
pě̄sъ̀čьnoje (accusative neuter singular)
pě̄sъ̀čьnyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
pě̄sъ̀čьnǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
pě̄sъ̀čьnyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
pě̄sъ̀čьnějemь (locative masculine singular)
pě̄sъ̀čьněji (feminine locative singular)
pě̄sъ̀čьnějemь (locative neuter singular)
pě̄sъ̀čьnъjь (masculine singular vocative)
pě̄sъ̀čьnaja (feminine singular vocative)
pě̄sъ̀čьnoje (neuter singular vocative)
pě̄sъ̀čьnaja (dual masculine nominative)
pě̄sъ̀čьněji (dual feminine nominative)
pě̄sъ̀čьněji (dual neuter nominative)
pě̄sъ̀čьnuju (dual genitive masculine)
pě̄sъ̀čьnuju (dual feminine genitive)
pě̄sъ̀čьnuju (dual genitive neuter)
pě̄sъ̀čьnyjima (dative dual masculine)
pě̄sъ̀čьnyjima (dative dual feminine)
pě̄sъ̀čьnyjima (dative dual neuter)
pě̄sъ̀čьnaja (accusative dual masculine)
pě̄sъ̀čьněji (accusative dual feminine)
pě̄sъ̀čьněji (accusative dual neuter)
pě̄sъ̀čьnyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
pě̄sъ̀čьnyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
pě̄sъ̀čьnyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
pě̄sъ̀čьnuju (dual locative masculine)
pě̄sъ̀čьnuju (dual feminine locative)
pě̄sъ̀čьnuju (dual locative neuter)
pě̄sъ̀čьnaja (dual masculine vocative)
pě̄sъ̀čьněji (dual feminine vocative)
pě̄sъ̀čьněji (dual neuter vocative)
pě̄sъ̀čьniji (masculine nominative plural)
pě̄sъ̀čьnyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
pě̄sъ̀čьnaja (neuter nominative plural)
pě̄sъ̀čьnъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
pě̄sъ̀čьnъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
pě̄sъ̀čьnъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
pě̄sъ̀čьnyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
pě̄sъ̀čьnyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
pě̄sъ̀čьnyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
pě̄sъ̀čьnyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
pě̄sъ̀čьnyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
pě̄sъ̀čьnaja (accusative neuter plural)
pě̄sъ̀čьnyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
pě̄sъ̀čьnyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
pě̄sъ̀čьnyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
pě̄sъ̀čьnyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
pě̄sъ̀čьnyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
pě̄sъ̀čьnyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
pě̄sъ̀čьniji (masculine plural vocative)
pě̄sъ̀čьnyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
pě̄sъ̀čьnaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: пясо́чны (pjasóčny)

Russian: песо́чный (pesóčnyj)

Ukrainian: пісо́чний (pisóčnyj)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: пя́съчен (pjásǎčen)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пјѐшчан, пѐшчан

Latin script: pjèščan, pèščan

Slovene: pẹ́sečen (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: písečný

Old Polish: piaseczny

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: pěsačny

Polabian: ṕosåcnĕ


kotьlikъ

kotьlī̃kъ (canonical masculine)
kotьlikъ (nominative singular)
kotьlika (dual nominative)
kotьlici (nominative plural)
kotьlika (genitive singular)
kotьliku (dual genitive)
kotьlikъ (genitive plural)
kotьliku (dative singular)
kotьlikoma (dative dual)
kotьlikomъ (dative plural)
kotьlikъ (accusative singular)
kotьlika (accusative dual)
kotьliky (accusative plural)
kotьlikъmь (instrumental singular)
kotьlikomь (instrumental singular)
kotьlikoma (dual instrumental)
kotьliky (instrumental plural)
kotьlicě (locative singular)
kotьliku (dual locative)
kotьlicěxъ (locative plural)
kotьliče (singular vocative)
kotьlika (dual vocative)
kotьlici (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Middle Russian: ко́тликъ (kótlik)

West Slavic:

Czech: kotlík

Polish: kotlik

Slovak: kotlík

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: kótlik

Upper Sorbian: kótlik

Polabian: ťütlĕk