tako

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: тако (tako), такъ (takŭ)

Belarusian: так (tak, “so, thus; yes”)

Russian: так (tak, “so, thus”)

Ukrainian: так (tak, “so, thus; yes”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: тако (tako)

Bulgarian: така́ (taká, “so, thus”)

Macedonian: така (taka, “so, thus”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: та̀ко̄

Latin script: tàkō

Slovene: takọ̑ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: tak

desctree

Old Polish: tak (“so, thus; yes”)
Polish: tak
Silesian: tak

Old Czech: tak

Czech: tak

Old Slovak: tak, tako

Pannonian Rusyn: так (tak)

Slovak: tak

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: tak

Slovincian: tak


osa

osà (canonical feminine)
osà (nominative singular)
òsě (dual nominative)
osỳ (nominative plural)
osỳ (genitive singular)
osù (dual genitive)
òsъ (genitive plural)
osě̀ (dative singular)
osàma (dative dual)
osàmъ (dative plural)
osǫ̀ (accusative singular)
òsě (accusative dual)
osỳ (accusative plural)
osòjǫ (instrumental singular)
òsǫ (instrumental singular)
osàma (dual instrumental)
osàmī (instrumental plural)
osě̀ (locative singular)
osù (dual locative)
osàsъ (locative plural)
osàxъ (locative plural)
oso (singular vocative)
òsě (dual vocative)
osỳ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: аса́ (asá)

Russian: оса́ (osá)

Ukrainian: оса́ (osá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: оса (osa)

Glagolitic: ⱁⱄⰰ (osa)

Bulgarian: оса́ (osá)

Macedonian: оса (osa)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̀са

Latin script: òsa

Slovene: ósa (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: vosa

Polabian: våsă

Polish: osa

Silesian: ôsa

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: òsa

Slovincian: wôsa

Old Slovak:

Pannonian Rusyn: оса (osa)

Slovak: osa

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wosa

Lower Sorbian: wósa

From earlier *vosa, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wápsāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *wóbʰseh₂.


bogъ

bȍgъ (canonical masculine)
bȍgъ (nominative singular)
bȍga (dual nominative)
bȍdzi (nominative plural)
bȍga (genitive singular)
bogù (dual genitive)
bògъ (genitive plural)
bȍgu (dative singular)
bogomà (dative dual)
bogòmъ (dative plural)
bȍgъ (accusative singular)
bȍga (accusative dual)
bȍgy (accusative plural)
bȍgъmь (instrumental singular)
bȍgomь (instrumental singular)
bogomà (dual instrumental)
bogý (instrumental plural)
bȍdzě (locative singular)
bogù (dual locative)
bodzě̃xъ (locative plural)
bože (singular vocative)
bȍga (dual vocative)
bȍdzi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

за прости богъ

⇒ Old Ruthenian: за прости богъ (za prosti boh, “free of charge, for free”)

за мали́м бо́гом

⇒ Ukrainian: за мали́м бо́гом (za malým bóhom, “almost”) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

⇒ Bulgarian: да бога (da boga, “abundantly, in abundance, very”)

⇒ Macedonian: да бога (da boga, “abundantly, in abundance, very”) (dialectal)

⇒ Serbo-Croatian:

до (зла) бога

Cyrillic script: до (зла) бога (“abundantly, in abundance, very”)

Latin script: do (zla) boga (“abundantly, in abundance, very”)

⇒ Slovene: zlego boga uživa (“he's doing badly”) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

⇒ Czech: do boha (“abundantly, in abundance, very”)

⇒ Moravian: na ty bohy (“fortunately”)

⇒ Old Polish: do boga (“abundantly, in abundance, very”)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: bog (“Christmas gift”)

Non-Slavic:

→ Lithuanian: bagà (“property, treasure”)

Derived from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g- (“to divide”).
Cognates include Sanskrit भग (bhaga, “happiness, welfare, prosperity”), Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬔𐬀 (baga, “share”), Tocharian A pāk (“part, portion, share”). The following meanings have been displaced by Etymology 2 and are attested mainly in compounds and derived terms. Doublet of *banъ.

cog

*čь̀rnъ bȍgъ

*bě̃lъ bȍgъ


bogъ

bȍgъ (canonical masculine)
božę (diminutive)
božьcь (diminutive)
božьkъ (diminutive)
bȍgъ (nominative singular)
bȍga (dual nominative)
bȍdzi (nominative plural)
bȍga (genitive singular)
bogù (dual genitive)
bògъ (genitive plural)
bȍgu (dative singular)
bogomà (dative dual)
bogòmъ (dative plural)
bȍgъ (accusative singular)
bȍga (accusative dual)
bȍgy (accusative plural)
bȍgъmь (instrumental singular)
bȍgomь (instrumental singular)
bogomà (dual instrumental)
bogý (instrumental plural)
bȍdzě (locative singular)
bogù (dual locative)
bodzě̃xъ (locative plural)
bože (singular vocative)
bȍga (dual vocative)
bȍdzi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: богъ (bogŭ)
Old Ruthenian: богъ (boh), бѡгъ (bôh), бугъ (buh) — Middle Ukrainian
Belarusian: бог (boh)
Carpathian Rusyn: бог (boh), буг (buh)
Ukrainian: бог (boh), біг (bih), бі (bi)
Russian: бог (bog)

Old Novgorodian: бого (bogo)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: богъ (bogŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰱⱁⰳⱏ (bogŭ)

Bulgarian: бог (bog)

Macedonian: бог (bog)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бо̑г

Latin script: bȏg

Slovene: bọ̑g (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: bóh
Czech: bůh

Old Polish: bóg
Polish: bóg
Silesian: bōg

Polabian: büg

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: bóg

Slovincian: bóg

Slovak: boh

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: bog

Upper Sorbian: bóh

]
Identical with Etymology 1. According to consensus, a semantic loan from Scythian languages. Displaced earlier *divъ.
Semantic cognates include Old Persian 𐏎 (BG /baga/, “god”), Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬖𐬀 (baγa, “god”).

*dàďь bože!

*bȍgъ dàďь!

*ne dàďь bože!

*o bože!


bogъ

bogъ (masculine nominative singular)
boga (feminine nominative singular)
bogo (neuter nominative singular)
boga (genitive masculine singular)
bogy (feminine genitive singular)
boga (genitive neuter singular)
bogu (dative masculine singular)
bodzě (dative feminine singular)
bogu (dative neuter singular)
bogъ (accusative masculine singular)
bogǫ (accusative feminine singular)
bogo (accusative neuter singular)
bogomь (instrumental masculine singular)
bogojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
bogomь (instrumental neuter singular)
bodzě (locative masculine singular)
bodzě (feminine locative singular)
bodzě (locative neuter singular)
bože (masculine singular vocative)
bogo (feminine singular vocative)
bogo (neuter singular vocative)
boga (dual masculine nominative)
bodzě (dual feminine nominative)
bodzě (dual neuter nominative)
bogu (dual genitive masculine)
bogu (dual feminine genitive)
bogu (dual genitive neuter)
bogoma (dative dual masculine)
bogama (dative dual feminine)
bogoma (dative dual neuter)
boga (accusative dual masculine)
bodzě (accusative dual feminine)
bodzě (accusative dual neuter)
bogoma (dual instrumental masculine)
bogama (dual feminine instrumental)
bogoma (dual instrumental neuter)
bogu (dual locative masculine)
bogu (dual feminine locative)
bogu (dual locative neuter)
boga (dual masculine vocative)
bodzě (dual feminine vocative)
bodzě (dual neuter vocative)
bodzi (masculine nominative plural)
bogy (feminine nominative plural)
boga (neuter nominative plural)
bogъ (genitive masculine plural)
bogъ (feminine genitive plural)
bogъ (genitive neuter plural)
bogomъ (dative masculine plural)
bogamъ (dative feminine plural)
bogomъ (dative neuter plural)
bogy (accusative masculine plural)
bogy (accusative feminine plural)
boga (accusative neuter plural)
bogy (instrumental masculine plural)
bogami (feminine instrumental plural)
bogy (instrumental neuter plural)
bodzěxъ (locative masculine plural)
bogaxъ (feminine locative plural)
bodzěxъ (locative neuter plural)
bodzi (masculine plural vocative)
bogy (feminine plural vocative)
boga (neuter plural vocative)
bogъjь (masculine nominative singular)
bogaja (feminine nominative singular)
bogoje (neuter nominative singular)
bogajego (genitive masculine singular)
bogyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
bogajego (genitive neuter singular)
bogujemu (dative masculine singular)
bodzěji (dative feminine singular)
bogujemu (dative neuter singular)
bogъjь (accusative masculine singular)
bogǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
bogoje (accusative neuter singular)
bogyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
bogǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
bogyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
bodzějemь (locative masculine singular)
bodzěji (feminine locative singular)
bodzějemь (locative neuter singular)
bogъjь (masculine singular vocative)
bogaja (feminine singular vocative)
bogoje (neuter singular vocative)
bogaja (dual masculine nominative)
bodzěji (dual feminine nominative)
bodzěji (dual neuter nominative)
boguju (dual genitive masculine)
boguju (dual feminine genitive)
boguju (dual genitive neuter)
bogyjima (dative dual masculine)
bogyjima (dative dual feminine)
bogyjima (dative dual neuter)
bogaja (accusative dual masculine)
bodzěji (accusative dual feminine)
bodzěji (accusative dual neuter)
bogyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
bogyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
bogyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
boguju (dual locative masculine)
boguju (dual feminine locative)
boguju (dual locative neuter)
bogaja (dual masculine vocative)
bodzěji (dual feminine vocative)
bodzěji (dual neuter vocative)
bodziji (masculine nominative plural)
bogyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
bogaja (neuter nominative plural)
bogъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
bogъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
bogъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
bogyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
bogyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
bogyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
bogyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
bogyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
bogaja (accusative neuter plural)
bogyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
bogyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
bogyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
bogyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
bogyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
bogyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
bodziji (masculine plural vocative)
bogyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
bogaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: бо́гий (bógij) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

⇒ Bulgarian: бо́жек (bóžek, “beggar”), бо́жак (bóžak, “who begs for God so that he eats”); бо́жьак (bóžʹak, “beggar”) (dialectal)

⇒ Macedonian: божјак (božjak, “beggar”)

⇒ Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: bȍžjāk (“beggar; wretch”), bȍgālj (“beggar”); bogalȉja (“beggar”) (dialectal)

desc

Cyrillic script: бо̏жја̄к (“beggar; wretch”), бо̏га̄љ (“beggar”); богали̏ја (dialectal)

Slovene: bö́γi (dialectal)

West Slavic:

⇒ Czech:

Moravian: božátko (“poor thing”)

From Etymology 1. For contrast, cf. *bolgъ (“good, nice; bad”), Latin sacer (“sacred, holy; cursed”).


dobrъ

dòbrъ (canonical)
lučьjь (comparative)
uňьjь (comparative)
lěpьjь (comparative)
dobrъ (masculine nominative singular)
dobra (feminine nominative singular)
dobro (neuter nominative singular)
dobra (genitive masculine singular)
dobry (feminine genitive singular)
dobra (genitive neuter singular)
dobru (dative masculine singular)
dobrě (dative feminine singular)
dobru (dative neuter singular)
dobrъ (accusative masculine singular)
dobrǫ (accusative feminine singular)
dobro (accusative neuter singular)
dobromь (instrumental masculine singular)
dobrojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
dobromь (instrumental neuter singular)
dobrě (locative masculine singular)
dobrě (feminine locative singular)
dobrě (locative neuter singular)
dobre (masculine singular vocative)
dobro (feminine singular vocative)
dobro (neuter singular vocative)
dobra (dual masculine nominative)
dobrě (dual feminine nominative)
dobrě (dual neuter nominative)
dobru (dual genitive masculine)
dobru (dual feminine genitive)
dobru (dual genitive neuter)
dobroma (dative dual masculine)
dobrama (dative dual feminine)
dobroma (dative dual neuter)
dobra (accusative dual masculine)
dobrě (accusative dual feminine)
dobrě (accusative dual neuter)
dobroma (dual instrumental masculine)
dobrama (dual feminine instrumental)
dobroma (dual instrumental neuter)
dobru (dual locative masculine)
dobru (dual feminine locative)
dobru (dual locative neuter)
dobra (dual masculine vocative)
dobrě (dual feminine vocative)
dobrě (dual neuter vocative)
dobri (masculine nominative plural)
dobry (feminine nominative plural)
dobra (neuter nominative plural)
dobrъ (genitive masculine plural)
dobrъ (feminine genitive plural)
dobrъ (genitive neuter plural)
dobromъ (dative masculine plural)
dobramъ (dative feminine plural)
dobromъ (dative neuter plural)
dobry (accusative masculine plural)
dobry (accusative feminine plural)
dobra (accusative neuter plural)
dobry (instrumental masculine plural)
dobrami (feminine instrumental plural)
dobry (instrumental neuter plural)
dobrěxъ (locative masculine plural)
dobraxъ (feminine locative plural)
dobrěxъ (locative neuter plural)
dobri (masculine plural vocative)
dobry (feminine plural vocative)
dobra (neuter plural vocative)
dobrъjь (masculine nominative singular)
dobraja (feminine nominative singular)
dobroje (neuter nominative singular)
dobrajego (genitive masculine singular)
dobryję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
dobrajego (genitive neuter singular)
dobrujemu (dative masculine singular)
dobrěji (dative feminine singular)
dobrujemu (dative neuter singular)
dobrъjь (accusative masculine singular)
dobrǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
dobroje (accusative neuter singular)
dobryjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
dobrǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
dobryjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
dobrějemь (locative masculine singular)
dobrěji (feminine locative singular)
dobrějemь (locative neuter singular)
dobrъjь (masculine singular vocative)
dobraja (feminine singular vocative)
dobroje (neuter singular vocative)
dobraja (dual masculine nominative)
dobrěji (dual feminine nominative)
dobrěji (dual neuter nominative)
dobruju (dual genitive masculine)
dobruju (dual feminine genitive)
dobruju (dual genitive neuter)
dobryjima (dative dual masculine)
dobryjima (dative dual feminine)
dobryjima (dative dual neuter)
dobraja (accusative dual masculine)
dobrěji (accusative dual feminine)
dobrěji (accusative dual neuter)
dobryjima (dual instrumental masculine)
dobryjima (dual feminine instrumental)
dobryjima (dual instrumental neuter)
dobruju (dual locative masculine)
dobruju (dual feminine locative)
dobruju (dual locative neuter)
dobraja (dual masculine vocative)
dobrěji (dual feminine vocative)
dobrěji (dual neuter vocative)
dobriji (masculine nominative plural)
dobryję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
dobraja (neuter nominative plural)
dobrъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
dobrъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
dobrъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
dobryjimъ (dative masculine plural)
dobryjimъ (dative feminine plural)
dobryjimъ (dative neuter plural)
dobryję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
dobryję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
dobraja (accusative neuter plural)
dobryjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
dobryjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
dobryjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
dobryjixъ (locative masculine plural)
dobryjixъ (feminine locative plural)
dobryjixъ (locative neuter plural)
dobriji (masculine plural vocative)
dobryję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
dobraja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: добръ (dobrŭ)
Old Ruthenian: добрый (dobryj)
Belarusian: до́бры (dóbry)
Carpathian Rusyn: до́брый (dóbrŷj)
Ukrainian: до́брий (dóbryj)
Russian: до́брый (dóbryj)
Russenorsk: daabra, dobra
Solombala English: добра (dobra)

Old Novgorodian: добре (dobre)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: добръ (dobrŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰴⱁⰱⱃⱏ (dobrŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: до̏бар

Latin script: dȍbar

Slovene: dọ́bər (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dobrý
Czech: dobrý

Old Polish: dobry
Polish: dobry
Silesian: dobry

Old Slovak: dobrý
Pannonian Rusyn: добри (dobri)
Slovak: dobrý

Polabian: dübrĕ

Pomeranian

Kashubian: dobri

Slovincian: dôbry

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: dobry

Upper Sorbian: dobry

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *dabras, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₂obʰ-ro-s, from *dʰh₂ebʰ- (“to fashion, fit”). The related Latin faber (“craftsman; smith”) (see there for more cognates) suggests Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₂ebʰ-ro-s.
Cognate with Latvian dabravecis (“brave, prudent man”).

cog

good, right (suitable, appropriate, proper, adequate, relevant)

(of people) good (hard-working; conscientious, dutiful, scrupulous, fluent, proficient)

*dòbro sъdòrvьje

*dòbrъ čàsъ

*dòbrъ čàsъ

(of time) good (proper, appropriate; advantageous)

(of items) good (having a high quality; not damaged, not worn)

*dòbra zemľà

*dòbrъ kòňь

(of animals) efficient, fully operational

*dòbra vodà

*dòbro ědlo

*dòbrъ čelověkъ

*dòbrъ uroďajь

*dòbro ùtro

*dòbrъ dь̏nь

*dòbra nòťь

presaging, heralding good fortune, prosperity, success, happiness

*dòbra starostь

(of measurements) significant, considerable, largish

*dòbra my̑slь

*dòbra my̑slь

*dòbro sь̑rdьce

*dòbra voľà

*dòbra voľà

(figuratively) good (kind, friendly, welcoming)


golsъ

gȏlsъ (canonical masculine)
gȏlsъ (nominative singular)
gȏlsa (dual nominative)
gȏlsi (nominative plural)
gȏlsa (genitive singular)
golsù (dual genitive)
gõlsъ (genitive plural)
gȏlsu (dative singular)
golsomà (dative dual)
golsòmъ (dative plural)
gȏlsъ (accusative singular)
gȏlsa (accusative dual)
gȏlsy (accusative plural)
gȏlsъmь (instrumental singular)
gȏlsomь (instrumental singular)
golsomà (dual instrumental)
golsý (instrumental plural)
gȏlsě (locative singular)
golsù (dual locative)
golsě̃xъ (locative plural)
golse (singular vocative)
gȏlsa (dual vocative)
gȏlsi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: голосъ (golosŭ)
Belarusian: го́лас (hólas)
Russian: го́лос (gólos)
Carpathian Rusyn: голос (holos)
Ukrainian: го́лос (hólos)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: гласъ (glasŭ)

Glagolitic: ⰳⰾⰰⱄⱏ (glasŭ)

Bulgarian: глас (glas)

Macedonian: глас (glas)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гла̑с

Latin script: glȃs

Slovene: glȃs (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hlas, hłas (alternative writing)
Czech: hlas

Old Polish: głos
Polish: głos
Silesian: głos

Slovak: hlas

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: głos

Slovincian: glôs

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: hłós

Lower Sorbian: głos

→ Romanian: glas

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *galsás, from Proto-Indo-European *golH-so-s. Morphologically from *gelH- (“to call”) + *-sъ.
Cognate with Lithuanian gãlsas (“echo”) and further akin to Latin gallus (“cock”), probably Proto-Germanic *kalzōną (“to call”), Proto-Brythonic *gėlwɨd (“to call”). For the suffix, compare Proto-Slavic *xolsъ (“trance”), *časъ (“hour”) and Lithuanian bal̃sas (“voice”), gar̃sas (“noise”).

golšati*golšatajь ()

to evoke, to summon with a call; herald, announcer


kosa

kosà (canonical feminine)
kosà (nominative singular)
kȍsě (dual nominative)
kȍsy (nominative plural)
kosý (genitive singular)
kosù (dual genitive)
kòsъ (genitive plural)
kosě̀ (dative singular)
kosàma (dative dual)
kosàmъ (dative plural)
kȍsǫ (accusative singular)
kȍsě (accusative dual)
kȍsy (accusative plural)
kosojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
kosàma (dual instrumental)
kosàmi (instrumental plural)
kȍsě (locative singular)
kosù (dual locative)
kosàsъ (locative plural)
kosàxъ (locative plural)
koso (singular vocative)
kȍsě (dual vocative)
kȍsy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: коса (kosa)

Belarusian: каса́ (kasá)

Russian: коса́ (kosá)

→ Kildin Sami: коассь (kåss’)

Ukrainian: коса́ (kosá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: коса (kosa)

Bulgarian: коса́ (kosá)

Macedonian: коса (kosa)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ко̀са

Latin script: kòsa

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kosa

Old Polish: kosa

Polish: kosa (dialectal)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: kósy pl

Upper Sorbian: kosa

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kaˀsā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to comb, scratch”). Cognate with Lithuanian kasa (“braid”) and akin to Old Prussian kexti (“braided hair”).

kosapъ

knob, lump on one's scalp (result of infection or deformation)

kosopasъ

disease/infection affecting the scalp, favus

česati*česadlo ()*česalъka ()*česanъ ()

to scratch (one's hair), to comb; comb, scratcher; tool for scratching; combed

haired; white-haired, grizzled; with thick hair; with bulky hair; blond-haired; dark-haired; as part of compound adjectives

kosъ*bělokosъ ()*čęstokosъ ()*kosovatъ ()*rusokosъ ()*tьmьnokosъ ()


kosa

kosà (canonical feminine)
kosà (nominative singular)
kòsě (dual nominative)
kosỳ (nominative plural)
kosỳ (genitive singular)
kosù (dual genitive)
kòsъ (genitive plural)
kosě̀ (dative singular)
kosàma (dative dual)
kosàmъ (dative plural)
kosǫ̀ (accusative singular)
kòsě (accusative dual)
kosỳ (accusative plural)
kosòjǫ (instrumental singular)
kòsǫ (instrumental singular)
kosàma (dual instrumental)
kosàmī (instrumental plural)
kosě̀ (locative singular)
kosù (dual locative)
kosàsъ (locative plural)
kosàxъ (locative plural)
koso (singular vocative)
kòsě (dual vocative)
kosỳ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: коса (kosa)

Belarusian: каса́ (kasá)

Russian: коса́ (kosá)

→ Kildin Sami: ко̄сс (kōss)

Ukrainian: коса́ (kosá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: коса (kosa)

→ Greek: κόσα (kósa)

Bulgarian: коса́ (kosá)

Macedonian: коса (kosa)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ко̀са

Latin script: kòsa

Slovene: kósa (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kosa

Czech: kosa

Kashubian: kòsa

Polabian: ťösă

Polish: kosa

Slovak: kosa

Slovincian: kôsa

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: kósa

Upper Sorbian: kosa

Non-Slavic:

→ Proto-Finnic: *kassa

→ Hungarian: kasza

Either etymologically identical with *kosa (“hair”) or from Proto-Indo-European *ḱos-, o-grade of *ḱes- (“to cut”), via depalatalization *ḱ → *k. Possibly related to Latin cassus (“hollow, lacking”), Latin castrō (“to castrate”), Sanskrit शस्त्र (śastra, “sword, dagger”).


dlaka

dlàka (canonical feminine)
dlačica (diminutive)
dlàka (nominative singular)
dlàcě (dual nominative)
dlàky (nominative plural)
dlàky (genitive singular)
dlàku (dual genitive)
dlàkъ (genitive plural)
dlàcě (dative singular)
dlàkama (dative dual)
dlàkamъ (dative plural)
dlàkǫ (accusative singular)
dlàcě (accusative dual)
dlàky (accusative plural)
dlàkojǫ (instrumental singular)
dlàkǭ (instrumental singular)
dlàkama (dual instrumental)
dlàkamī (instrumental plural)
dlàcě (locative singular)
dlàku (dual locative)
dlàkasъ (locative plural)
dlàkaxъ (locative plural)
dlàko (singular vocative)
dlàcě (dual vocative)
dlàky (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: (dialectal) дла́ка (dláka)

Macedonian: длака (dlaka)

Serbo-Croatian:

desc

Cyrillic script: дла̏ка, (dialectal) гла̏ка

Latin script: dlȁka, (dialectal) glȁka

Slovene: dláka

West Slavic:

Old Czech: tlaka (< *tlaka)

From earlier *tlaka, inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *tlāˀkāˀ (compare *ordlo < *árˀtla). Compare Lithuanian lokỹs, Latvian lācis (“bear”).


gora

gorà (canonical feminine)
gorà (nominative singular)
gȍrě (dual nominative)
gȍry (nominative plural)
gorý (genitive singular)
gorù (dual genitive)
gòrъ (genitive plural)
gorě̀ (dative singular)
goràma (dative dual)
goràmъ (dative plural)
gȍrǫ (accusative singular)
gȍrě (accusative dual)
gȍry (accusative plural)
gorojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
goràma (dual instrumental)
goràmi (instrumental plural)
gȍrě (locative singular)
gorù (dual locative)
goràsъ (locative plural)
goràxъ (locative plural)
goro (singular vocative)
gȍrě (dual vocative)
gȍry (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гора (gora)

Old Ruthenian: гора́ (horá)

Belarusian: гара́ (hará)

Carpathian Rusyn: гора́ (horá)

Ukrainian: гора́ (horá)

Russian: гора́ (gorá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: гора (gora)

Glagolitic script: ⰳⱁⱃⰰ (gora)

Bulgarian: гора́ (gorá)

→ Megleno-Romanian: goră

Macedonian: гора (gora)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: го̀ра

Latin script: gòra

Slovene: góra (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desctree

Old Czech: hora, hóra
Czech: hora, hůra (dialectal)

Old Polish: góra
Polish: góra
Silesian: gōra

Old Slovak: hora, hôra, hura

Pannonian Rusyn: гора (hora)

Slovak: hora

Polabian: ďöră

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: góra

Slovincian: góra

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: góra

Upper Sorbian: hora

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *garā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH-.

any mountainous elevation (covered in forests)


-ina

-ina (nominative singular)
-ině (dual nominative)
-iny (nominative plural)
-iny (genitive singular)
-inu (dual genitive)
-inъ (genitive plural)
-ině (dative singular)
-inama (dative dual)
-inamъ (dative plural)
-inǫ (accusative singular)
-ině (accusative dual)
-iny (accusative plural)
-inojǫ (instrumental singular)
-inǫ (instrumental singular)
-inama (dual instrumental)
-inami (instrumental plural)
-ině (locative singular)
-inu (dual locative)
-inasъ (locative plural)
-inaxъ (locative plural)
-ino (singular vocative)
-ině (dual vocative)
-iny (plural vocative)
*-izna (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: -ина (-ina)

Belarusian: -іна (-ina)

Russian: -ина (-ina)

Ukrainian: -ина (-yna), -їна (-jina)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: -ина (-ina)

Glagolitic script: -ⰹⱀⰰ (-ina)

Bulgarian: -ина (-ina)

Macedonian: -ина (-ina)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -ина

Latin script: -ina

Slovene: -ina

West Slavic:

Czech: -ina

Old Polish: -ina
Polish: -ina

Slovak: -ina

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: -ina

Lower Sorbian: -ina

Pomeranian:

Slovincian: -ina

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-īˀnāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *-iHneh₂. Cognate with Lithuanian -ynė, -iena (< *-eināˀ < *-eyneh₂). Compare Proto-Slavic *-inъ.

drugъ (“friend”) → *družina (“team, company”)

rodъ (“kin, tribe”) → *rodina (“people or land belonging to the family”)

Denominal, forming collectives related to vital importance.

dervo (“wood”) → *dervina (“sticks, trees”)

dǫbъ (“oak”) → *dǫbina (“oak forest”)

Denominal, forming collectives denoting names of trees, woods and bushes.

berza (“birch”) → *berzovina (“birch forest; birch”)

zvěrь (“animal”) → *zvěrina (“animals, game; animal”)

(by extension) Denominal, forming collective nouns that act as singulatives.

bělъ (“white”) → *bělina (“whiteness”)

blizъ (“close”) → *blizina (“closeness”), *bližina (“closeness”)

jьstъ (“true”) → *jьstina (“truth”)

novъ (“new”) → *novina (“novelty”)

bystrъ (“rapid, fast”) → *bystrina (“cleverness, quickness in thought”)

tixъ (“silent”) → *tišina (“silence”)

glǫbokъ (“deep”) → *glǫbina (“depth”)

čistъ (“clear, pure”) → *čistina (“purity”)

Deadjectival, denoting a property or a result.

dolъ (“valley, depression”) → *dolina (“valley”)

govędo (“ox”) → *govędina (“ox meat”)

agnę (“lamb”) → *agnętina (“lamb meat”)

bolto (“mud”) → *boltina, *boltovina (“swamp, marsh”)

golva (“head”) → *golvina

lupa (“shell, husk”) → *lupina

konьcь (“end”) → *konьčina

godъ → *godina (“the right time”)

Denominal, for expressive formations, usually of augmentative and pejorative connotation.

gostь, *gostiti → *gostina (“hospitality”)

brat(r)ъ, *brat(r)iti sę → *bratina, *bratrina (“fraternity”)

Denominal or deverbal, forming agentive and action nouns.


jako

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ꙗко (jako)
Old Ruthenian: ꙗкъ (jak), ꙗко (jako)
Belarusian: як (jak)
Carpathian Rusyn: як (jak), яко (jako)
Ukrainian: як (jak)
Russian: (archaic) яко (jako)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: ꙗко (jako)

Glagolitic script: [Term?]

Bulgarian: ако (ako, “if”)

Macedonian: ако (ako, “if”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: а̏ко (“if”)

Latin script: ȁko (“if”)

Slovene: ko (“when”)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jak, jako

Czech: jak, jako

desc

Old Polish: jak (“how, if”), jako (“as”)

Polish: jak (“how, if”), jako (“as”)

Silesian: jak, jako

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: jak, jakò

Slovincian: jak, jakô

Old Slovak: ako, ak, jako, jak

Pannonian Rusyn: як (jak)

Slovak: ako, ak (“if”)

(interrogative, relative) how, in which way


pitati

pitanьje (noun-from-verb)
pitati (infinitive)
pitatъ (supine)
pitalъ (l-participle)
pitanъ (participle passive past)
pitajemъ (participle passive present)
pitavъ (active participle past)
pitaję (active participle present)
pitaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
pita (aorist second-person singular)
pita (aorist singular third-person)
pitajǫ (first-person present singular)
pitaješi (present second-person singular)
pitajetь (present singular third-person)
pitaxově (aorist dual first-person)
pitasta (aorist dual second-person)
pitaste (aorist dual third-person)
pitajevě (dual first-person present)
pitajeta (dual present second-person)
pitajete (dual present third-person)
pitaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pitaste (aorist plural second-person)
pitašę (aorist plural third-person)
pitajemъ (first-person plural present)
pitajete (plural present second-person)
pitajǫtь (plural present third-person)
pitaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pitaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pitaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pitaji (imperative second-person singular)
pitaji (imperative singular third-person)
pitaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pitaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pitaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pitajivě (dual first-person imperative)
pitajita (dual imperative second-person)
pitaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pitaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pitaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pitajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
pitajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: питати (pitati), 1sg. питаю (pitaju)

Russian: пита́ть (pitátʹ), 1sg. пита́ю (pitáju)

Ukrainian: (пропита́ти (propytáty))

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: питати (pitati, “to feed, to raise”), 1sg. питаѭ (pitajǫ)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: пита́я (pitája)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пи̏тати, 1sg. пи̏та̄м

Latin: pȉtati, 1sg. pȉtām

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: pítati (“to fatten, to feed”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. pȋtam (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

⇒ Old Czech: pitomý

Czech: pitomý

From the root of *pìťa (“food”) (from Proto-Indo-European *peyt-) + *-ati.


smoky

smoky (nominative singular)
smokъvi (dual nominative)
smokъvi (nominative plural)
smokъve (genitive singular)
smokъvu (dual genitive)
smokъvъ (genitive plural)
smokъvi (dative singular)
smokъvьma (dative dual)
smokъvama (dative dual)
smokъvьmъ (dative plural)
smokъvamъ (dative plural)
smokъvь (accusative singular)
smokъvi (accusative dual)
smokъvi (accusative plural)
smokъvьjǫ (instrumental singular)
smokъvľǫ (instrumental singular)
smokъvьma (dual instrumental)
smokъvama (dual instrumental)
smokъvьmi (instrumental plural)
smokъvami (instrumental plural)
smokъve (locative singular)
smokъvu (dual locative)
smokъvьxъ (locative plural)
smokъvaxъ (locative plural)
smoky (singular vocative)
smokъvi (dual vocative)
smokъvi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: смо́ква (smókva)

Russian: смо́ква (smókva)

Ukrainian: смо́ква (smókva)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: смокꙑ (smoky), смокъвинъ (smokŭvinŭ)

Bulgarian: смоки́ня (smokínja)

Macedonian: смоква (smokva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: смо̏ква

Latin script: smȍkva

Slovene: smọ̑kəv (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Polish: smokwa

Pannonian Rusyn: смоква (smokva)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: smokwa (obsolete)

Contested.
According to Vasmer, a loanword from Gothic 𐍃𐌼𐌰𐌺𐌺𐌰 (smakka), itself of uncertain provenance.
Illič-Svityč argues for a native origin with a shift in meaning from "berry" to "fig".


kora

korà (canonical feminine)
korà (nominative singular)
kòrě (dual nominative)
korỳ (nominative plural)
korỳ (genitive singular)
korù (dual genitive)
kòrъ (genitive plural)
korě̀ (dative singular)
koràma (dative dual)
koràmъ (dative plural)
korǫ̀ (accusative singular)
kòrě (accusative dual)
korỳ (accusative plural)
koròjǫ (instrumental singular)
kòrǫ (instrumental singular)
koràma (dual instrumental)
koràmī (instrumental plural)
korě̀ (locative singular)
korù (dual locative)
koràsъ (locative plural)
koràxъ (locative plural)
koro (singular vocative)
kòrě (dual vocative)
korỳ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кора (kora)

Belarusian: кара́ (kará)

Russian: кора́ (korá)

Carpathian Rusyn: кора (kora)

Ukrainian: кора́ (korá)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: кора́ (korá)

Macedonian: ко́ра (kóra)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ко̏ра

Latin script: kȍra

Slovene: kóra (tonal orthography) (obsolete)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kóra

Czech: kůra

Kashubian: kóra

Polish: kora

Slovak: kôra

Lower Sorbian: škóra

Upper Sorbian: skora

→ Yiddish: קאָרע (kore)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *karā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kor-eh₂, from *(s)ker- (“to cut”). Doublet of *skorà. Cognate with Latin corium, Sanskrit चर्मन् (cárman).


mesti

mestì (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
metenьje (noun-from-verb)
mesti (infinitive)
mestъ (supine)
metlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
metenъ (participle passive past)
metomъ (participle passive present)
metъ (active participle past)
mety (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
metъ (aorist first-person singular)
metoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
mete (aorist second-person singular)
mete (aorist singular third-person)
metǫ (first-person present singular)
meteši (present second-person singular)
metetь (present singular third-person)
metově (aorist dual first-person)
metoxově (aorist dual first-person)
meteta (aorist dual second-person)
metosta (aorist dual second-person)
metete (aorist dual third-person)
metoste (aorist dual third-person)
metevě (dual first-person present)
meteta (dual present second-person)
metete (dual present third-person)
metomъ (aorist first-person plural)
metoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
metete (aorist plural second-person)
metoste (aorist plural second-person)
metǫ (aorist plural third-person)
metošę (aorist plural third-person)
metemъ (first-person plural present)
metete (plural present second-person)
metǫtь (plural present third-person)
metěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
metěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
metěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
meti (imperative second-person singular)
meti (imperative singular third-person)
metěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
metěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
metěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
metěvě (dual first-person imperative)
metěta (dual imperative second-person)
metěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
metěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
metěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
metěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
metěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мести (mesti)

Belarusian: ме́сці (mjésci)

Russian: мести́ (mestí)

Ukrainian: мести́ (mestý)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мести (mesti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: мета́ (metá)

Macedonian: мете (mete)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мѐсти

Latin script: mèsti

Slovene: mésti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mésti

Czech: mést

Kashubian: miesc

Old Polish: mieść

Polish: mieść (archaic)

Slovak: miesť (archaic)

Slovincian: mjêsc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: mjesć

Lower Sorbian: mjasć

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *met-. Per Derksen, possibly related to Latin metō (“to mow, to harvest”), Welsh medi (“to reap”), although many sources indicate no cognates outside of Balto-Slavic. According to Pokorny, from Proto-Indo-European *meh₁- (“to measure”).
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian mèsti (“to throw”) (1sg. metù, 3sg. mẽta), Latvian mest (“to throw”) (3sg. mȩt), Old Prussian pomests (“submissive”, perf. pass. part.), pomettīwingi (“obedient”, masc. nom. pl.). Also cognate with Lithuanian métyti (“to throw”) (1sg. métau), Latvian mẽtât.


xa

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ха (xa); ха-ха́ (xa-xá), ха-ха-ха́ (xa-xa-xá)

Russian: ха (xa); ха-ха́ (xa-xá), ха-ха-ха́ (xa-xa-xá)

Ukrainian: ха (xa), га (ha); ха-ха́ (xa-xá), ха-ха-ха́ (xa-xa-xá), га-га́ (ha-há), га-га-га́ (ha-ha-há)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ха (ha); ха̣ (hạ) (dialectal)

Macedonian: ха (ha); ха хаа (ha haa)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ха̏; ха̑ ха̑

Latin script: hȁ; hȃ hȃ

Slovene: hà; hahȃ

West Slavic:

Czech: cha; chacha

Polish: cha-cha, cha cha cha, ha ha ha

Slovak: cha

Slovincian: ha

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: cha cha cha; ha, haha

Upper Sorbian: kha

Onomatopoeic. Cognate with Lithuanian cha cha cha (“ha-ha”), Latvian ha.


kupa

kupa (nominative singular)
kupě (dual nominative)
kupy (nominative plural)
kupy (genitive singular)
kupu (dual genitive)
kupъ (genitive plural)
kupě (dative singular)
kupama (dative dual)
kupamъ (dative plural)
kupǫ (accusative singular)
kupě (accusative dual)
kupy (accusative plural)
kupojǫ (instrumental singular)
kupǫ (instrumental singular)
kupama (dual instrumental)
kupami (instrumental plural)
kupě (locative singular)
kupu (dual locative)
kupasъ (locative plural)
kupaxъ (locative plural)
kupo (singular vocative)
kupě (dual vocative)
kupy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ку́па (kúpa)

Old Ruthenian: ку́па (kúpa)

Belarusian: ку́па (kúpa)

Ukrainian: ку́па (kúpa)

Russian: ку́па (kúpa) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Russian Church Slavonic: коупа (kupa)

Bulgarian: купа́ (kupá); ку́па (kúpa), купъ́ (kupǎ́) (dialectal)

Macedonian: купа (kupa)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ку̏па

Latin script: kȕpa

West Slavic:

Czech: kupa

Polish: kupa

Slovak: kupa (dialectal)

Slovincian: kùpa

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: kupa (“island”)

Upper Sorbian: kupa (“island”)

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kā́ˀupāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂wp-eh₂, from *keh₂wp-. Cognate with Lithuanian káupa (“heap”), Latvian kopa (“stack”).


oba

oba (dual masculine nominative)
obě (dual feminine nominative)
obě (dual neuter nominative)
oba (accusative dual masculine)
obě (accusative dual feminine)
obě (accusative dual neuter)
oboju (dual genitive masculine)
oboju (dual feminine genitive)
oboju (dual genitive neuter)
oboju (dual locative masculine)
oboju (dual feminine locative)
oboju (dual locative neuter)
oběma (dative dual masculine)
oběma (dative dual feminine)
oběma (dative dual neuter)
oběma (dual instrumental masculine)
oběma (dual feminine instrumental)
oběma (dual instrumental neuter)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: оба (oba)

Old Ruthenian: о́ба (óba)

Belarusian: во́ба (vóba) (dialectal)

Carpathian Rusyn: о́ба (óba)

Ukrainian: оба́ (obá) (dialectal)

Russian: о́ба (óba)

Old Novgorodian: оба (oba)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: оба (oba)

Glagolitic script: ⱁⰱⰰ (oba)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̏ба

Latin script: ȍba

Slovene: obȃ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: oba
Czech: oba

desctree

Old Polish: oba
Polish: oba
Silesian: ôba

Old Slovak: oba

Slovak: oba

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: òba

Slovincian: wôba

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *abōˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *Ho-bʰoh₁, where the initial part is an old deictic pronoun or particle, reinforcing the meaning “two, both” of the second part. Cognate with Latvian abi, Lithuanian abù (“both”), Old Prussian abbai, Latin ambō, Ancient Greek ἄμφω (ámphō), Sanskrit उभ (ubhá), and the second part is same as Proto-Germanic *bai.


suti

sutьje (noun-from-verb)
suti (infinitive)
sutъ (supine)
sulъ (l-participle)
sutъ (participle passive past)
sъpomъ (participle passive present)
suvъ (active participle past)
sъpy (active participle present)
suxъ (aorist first-person singular)
su (aorist second-person singular)
su (aorist singular third-person)
sъpǫ (first-person present singular)
sъpeši (present second-person singular)
sъpetь (present singular third-person)
suxově (aorist dual first-person)
susta (aorist dual second-person)
suste (aorist dual third-person)
sъpevě (dual first-person present)
sъpeta (dual present second-person)
sъpete (dual present third-person)
suxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
suste (aorist plural second-person)
sušę (aorist plural third-person)
sъpemъ (first-person plural present)
sъpete (plural present second-person)
sъpǫtь (plural present third-person)
sъpěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sъpěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sъpěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sъpi (imperative second-person singular)
sъpi (imperative singular third-person)
sъpěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sъpěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sъpěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sъpěvě (dual first-person imperative)
sъpěta (dual imperative second-person)
sъpěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sъpěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sъpěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sъpěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
sъpěte (imperative plural second-person)
sutьje (noun-from-verb)
suti (infinitive)
sutъ (supine)
sulъ (l-participle)
sutъ (participle passive past)
sъpomъ (participle passive present)
suvъ (active participle past)
sъpy (active participle present)
sъpъ (aorist first-person singular)
sъpoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sъpe (aorist second-person singular)
sъpe (aorist singular third-person)
sъpǫ (first-person present singular)
sъpeši (present second-person singular)
sъpetь (present singular third-person)
sъpově (aorist dual first-person)
sъpoxově (aorist dual first-person)
sъpeta (aorist dual second-person)
sъposta (aorist dual second-person)
sъpete (aorist dual third-person)
sъposte (aorist dual third-person)
sъpevě (dual first-person present)
sъpeta (dual present second-person)
sъpete (dual present third-person)
sъpomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sъpoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sъpete (aorist plural second-person)
sъposte (aorist plural second-person)
sъpǫ (aorist plural third-person)
sъpošę (aorist plural third-person)
sъpemъ (first-person plural present)
sъpete (plural present second-person)
sъpǫtь (plural present third-person)
sъpěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sъpěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sъpěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sъpi (imperative second-person singular)
sъpi (imperative singular third-person)
sъpěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sъpěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sъpěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sъpěvě (dual first-person imperative)
sъpěta (dual imperative second-person)
sъpěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sъpěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sъpěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sъpěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
sъpěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сути (suti)

⇒ Russian: су́то (súto, adv.)

⇒ Ukrainian: су́тий (sútyj, adj.)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сути (suti)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱆⱅⰻ (suti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ра̀сӯти

Latin script: ràsūti

Slovene: súti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: súti

Czech: sout (obsolete)

Old Polish: suć
Polish: suć (obsolete)
Silesian: suć

Slovak: suť

From Proto-Indo-European *sowp-. Cognate with Lithuanian sùpti (“to rock, cradle”).


glina

glìna (canonical feminine)
glìna (nominative singular)
glìny (genitive singular)
glìně (dative singular)
glìnǫ (accusative singular)
glìnojǫ (instrumental singular)
glìnǭ (instrumental singular)
glìně (locative singular)
glìno (singular vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: глина (glina)

Old Ruthenian: глина (hlina)

Belarusian: глі́на (hlína)

Carpathian Rusyn: глина (hlyna)

Ukrainian: гли́на (hlýna)

Russian: гли́на (glína)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: гли́на (glína)

Macedonian: гли́на (glína)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гли́на

Latin script: glína

Slovene: glína (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hlína

Czech: hlína

Moravian (Mistřice): hlina

Kashubian: glëna

Polabian: glaino

Polish: glina

Slovak: hlina

Slovincian: glëna

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: glina

Upper Sorbian: hlina

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gléiˀnāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *gleh₁y-. Baltic cognates include Lithuanian gléinė (“moist clay”). Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek γλία (glía, “loam”), γλίνη (glínē, “loam”).


sliva

slìva (canonical feminine)
slìva (nominative singular)
slìvě (dual nominative)
slìvy (nominative plural)
slìvy (genitive singular)
slìvu (dual genitive)
slìvъ (genitive plural)
slìvě (dative singular)
slìvama (dative dual)
slìvamъ (dative plural)
slìvǫ (accusative singular)
slìvě (accusative dual)
slìvy (accusative plural)
slìvojǫ (instrumental singular)
slìvǭ (instrumental singular)
slìvama (dual instrumental)
slìvamī (instrumental plural)
slìvě (locative singular)
slìvu (dual locative)
slìvasъ (locative plural)
slìvaxъ (locative plural)
slìvo (singular vocative)
slìvě (dual vocative)
slìvy (plural vocative)

Old East Slavic: слива (sliva)

Old Ruthenian: слива (sliva)

Belarusian: слі́ва (slíva)

Ukrainian: сли́ва (slýva)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⱄⰾⰻⰲⰰ (sliva)

Old Cyrillic script: слива (sliva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: шљи̏ва

Latin script: šljȉva

Slovene: slíva (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: slíva

Czech: slíva

Kashubian: slëwa

Polabian: slaiveńă

Old Polish: śliwa

Polish: śliwa

Old Slovak: slíva, slivka

Pannonian Rusyn: шлївка (šljivka)

Slovak: slíva, slivka

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: slěwka

Upper Sorbian: slowka

Non-Slavic:

→ Lithuanian: slyvà, slỹvas

→ Old Prussian: sliwaytos

→ Hungarian: szilva

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sliˀwā́ˀ, presumably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)leh₃y- (“bluish”), from which also Proto-Germanic *slaihwǭ (“sloe”).


doba

doba (nominative singular)
době (dual nominative)
doby (nominative plural)
doby (genitive singular)
dobu (dual genitive)
dobъ (genitive plural)
době (dative singular)
dobama (dative dual)
dobamъ (dative plural)
dobǫ (accusative singular)
době (accusative dual)
doby (accusative plural)
dobojǫ (instrumental singular)
dobǫ (instrumental singular)
dobama (dual instrumental)
dobami (instrumental plural)
době (locative singular)
dobu (dual locative)
dobasъ (locative plural)
dobaxъ (locative plural)
dobo (singular vocative)
době (dual vocative)
doby (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: до́ба (dóba)

Russian: до́ба (dóba) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: доба́ (dobá)

South Slavic:

Church Slavonic: доба (doba)

Bulgarian: до́ба (dóba) (obsolescent)

Macedonian: доба (doba)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: до̏ба

Latin script: dȍba

Slovene: dóba

West Slavic:

Czech: doba

Kashubian: doba

Polish: doba

Slovak: doba

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: doba

Upper Sorbian: doba

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dabāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₂ebʰ-eh₂, from *dʰh₂ebʰ- (“to fashion, fit”). Cognate with Latvian daba (“manner, habit, character”), Lithuanian dabà (“nature, habit, character”), Proto-Germanic *dabaną (“to occur, fit”).


nora

norà (canonical feminine)
norà (nominative singular)
nȍrě (dual nominative)
nȍry (nominative plural)
norý (genitive singular)
norù (dual genitive)
nòrъ (genitive plural)
norě̀ (dative singular)
noràma (dative dual)
noràmъ (dative plural)
nȍrǫ (accusative singular)
nȍrě (accusative dual)
nȍry (accusative plural)
norojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
noràma (dual instrumental)
noràmi (instrumental plural)
nȍrě (locative singular)
norù (dual locative)
noràsъ (locative plural)
noràxъ (locative plural)
noro (singular vocative)
nȍrě (dual vocative)
nȍry (plural vocative)
*norъ (alternative)
*norь (alternative)
*norja (alternative)

Church Slavonic: нора (nora)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: нора (nora)

Belarusian: нара́ (nará)

Russian: нора́ (norá)

Ukrainian: нора́ (norá)

South Slavic:

Slovene: nora

West Slavic:

Czech: nora

Polish: nora

Slovak: nora

Slovincian: nora

Upper Sorbian: nórc

desctree

German: Nerz
→ Armenian: ներց (nercʻ)
→ Dutch: nerts
→ Serbo-Croatian: nerc
→ Silesian: nerc

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *norʔ-. Cognate with Lithuanian naras, nara (“hole, lair”).


usta

ūstà (canonical neuter plural)
ūstà (nominative plural)
ũstъ (genitive plural)
ūstòmъ (dative plural)
ūstà (accusative plural)
ũsty (instrumental plural)
ũstěxъ (locative plural)
ūstà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: уста (usta)
Old Ruthenian: уста (usta)
Carpathian Rusyn: уста́ (ustá)
Ukrainian: вуста́ (vustá), уста́ (ustá)
Russian: уста́ (ustá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: оуста (usta)

Bulgarian: уста́ (ustá)

Macedonian: уста (usta)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: у́ста

Latin script: ústa

Slovene: ústa (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: usta, ústa, ousta
Czech: ústa

Old Polish: usta
Polish: usta

Polabian: vaustă

Slovak: ústa

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wusta

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃éh₁os (“mouth”).

ustàtъ

having big mouth; figr. chatty, garrulous


pora

porà (canonical feminine)
porà (nominative singular)
pȍrě (dual nominative)
pȍry (nominative plural)
porý (genitive singular)
porù (dual genitive)
pòrъ (genitive plural)
porě̀ (dative singular)
poràma (dative dual)
poràmъ (dative plural)
pȍrǫ (accusative singular)
pȍrě (accusative dual)
pȍry (accusative plural)
porojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
poràma (dual instrumental)
poràmi (instrumental plural)
pȍrě (locative singular)
porù (dual locative)
poràsъ (locative plural)
poràxъ (locative plural)
poro (singular vocative)
pȍrě (dual vocative)
pȍry (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: пора (pora)

Belarusian: пара́ (pará)

Russian: пора́ (porá)

Ukrainian: пора́ (porá)

→ Lithuanian: parà (“24-hour interval”) (either from Russian or Belarusian)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: пора (pora, “force, vigour”)

Bulgarian: по́ра (póra) (dialectal)

Macedonian: пора (pora, “musical movement, tact”) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Polish: pora

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: pòra

Silesian: pora

Most likely related to Proto-Slavic *perti (“to push”), *poriti (“to propel, to propagate forward”), from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to fare, to come forth”). Synchronically, could be viewed as an action/resultant noun of *poriti + *-a or possibly may reflect Proto-Indo-European *poréh₂, near cognate with Ancient Greek πόρος m (póros, “passage, ford, pore”).
Banaszkiewicz et al. suppose that *pora underlies the root of the names of Old Polabian dioskuric pair Perevitius and Porenutius, relating thier characters to the sky deity *Perunъ. The later either derives from aforementioned *per- or from *(s)perH- (“to trample, to clap”).
Szemerényi, waring that the term, just one of many terms for “time” in Slavic, however of a peculiar semantic orientation, is distributed in only the eastern half of the Slavic language group, suspects, underlining the match in stress, a borrowing from Ancient Greek φορά (phorá, “a carrying along, rush; workload; time, occasion”).

bor

push, charge; disruption; resistance; motion, propagation; conflict; strike; distraint

-porъ*naporъ*orzporъ ()*otъporъ ()*perporъ ()*sъporъ ()*uporъ ()*zaporъ ()

(perhaps originally) thrust, push, force

(by extension) effort, endeavour, enterprise → workload


ruda

rudà (canonical feminine)
rudà (nominative singular)
rȗdě (dual nominative)
rȗdy (nominative plural)
rudý (genitive singular)
rudù (dual genitive)
rũdъ (genitive plural)
rudě̀ (dative singular)
rudàma (dative dual)
rudàmъ (dative plural)
rȗdǫ (accusative singular)
rȗdě (accusative dual)
rȗdy (accusative plural)
rudojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
rudàma (dual instrumental)
rudàmi (instrumental plural)
rȗdě (locative singular)
rudù (dual locative)
rudàsъ (locative plural)
rudàxъ (locative plural)
rudo (singular vocative)
rȗdě (dual vocative)
rȗdy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: руда (ruda)

Belarusian: руда́ (rudá)

Russian: руда́ (rudá)

Ukrainian: руда́ (rudá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: роуда (ruda)

Bulgarian: ру́да (rúda)

Macedonian: ру́да (rúda)

Serbo-Croatian: ру́да, rúda

Slovene: rúdа (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: ruda

Kashubian: ruda

Polish: ruda

Slovak: ruda

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: ruda

Lower Sorbian: ruda

Fossilized from *rudъ (“red, reddish; reddish brown”).


stado

stàdo (canonical neuter)
stàdo (nominative singular)
stàdě (dual nominative)
stàda (nominative plural)
stàda (genitive singular)
stàdu (dual genitive)
stàdъ (genitive plural)
stàdu (dative singular)
stàdoma (dative dual)
stàdomъ (dative plural)
stàdo (accusative singular)
stàdě (accusative dual)
stàda (accusative plural)
stàdъmь (instrumental singular)
stàdomь (instrumental singular)
stàdoma (dual instrumental)
stàdȳ (instrumental plural)
stàdě (locative singular)
stàdu (dual locative)
stàdě̄xъ (locative plural)
stàdo (singular vocative)
stàdě (dual vocative)
stàda (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: стадо (stado)

Belarusian: ста́да (stáda)

Russian: ста́до (stádo)

Ukrainian: ста́до (stádo)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: стадо (stado)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱅⰰⰴⱁ (stado)

Bulgarian: ста́до (stádo)

Macedonian: стадо (stado)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ста̏до

Latin script: stȁdo

Slovene: —

West Slavic:

Old Czech: stádo

Czech: stádo

Old Polish: stado

Polish: stado

Slovak: stádo

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: stadło

Lower Sorbian: stadło

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *stā́ˀda, from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-dʰh₁-o-m, from *steh₂- (“to stand”). Morphologically *stati + *-do. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *stōdą (“herd of horses”), Lithuanian stõdas (“herd”), Latvian stāds (“plant, seedling”).
Likely the original meaning of the term was structure, stand or stall, stable, akin to Latin stabulum (via *-dʰlom extension); Lithuanian stógas (“build, physique”), Proto-Celtic *stagnos (“tin”) (via *-gʰos extension); and Ancient Greek στάδιον (stádion, “stadium”) (0-grade, via *-dis extension).


dati

dàti (canonical perfective)
davati (imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
danьje (noun-from-verb)
dati (infinitive)
datъ (supine)
dalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
danъ (participle passive past)
davъ (active participle past)
dady (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
daxъ (aorist first-person singular)
da (aorist second-person singular)
dastъ (aorist second-person singular)
da (aorist singular third-person)
dastъ (aorist singular third-person)
damь (first-person present singular)
dasi (present second-person singular)
dastь (present singular third-person)
daxově (aorist dual first-person)
dasta (aorist dual second-person)
daste (aorist dual third-person)
davě (dual first-person present)
dasta (dual present second-person)
daste (dual present third-person)
daxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
daste (aorist plural second-person)
dašę (aorist plural third-person)
damъ (first-person plural present)
daste (plural present second-person)
dadętь (plural present third-person)
daděaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
daděaše (imperfect second-person singular)
daděaše (imperfect singular third-person)
daďь (imperative second-person singular)
daďь (imperative singular third-person)
daděaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
daděašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
daděašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dadivě (dual first-person imperative)
dadita (dual imperative second-person)
daděaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
daděašete (imperfect plural second-person)
daděaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dadimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dadite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дати (dati)

Belarusian: да́ць (dácʹ)

Russian: да́ть (dátʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: да́ти (dáty)

Ukrainian: да́ти (dáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: дати (dati)

Glagolitic: ⰴⰰⱅⰹ (dati)

Bulgarian: дам (dam)

Macedonian: даде (dade)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: да̏ти

Latin script: dȁti

Slovene: dáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dáti
Czech: dát

desctree

Old Polish: dać, dajać
Polish: dać
Silesian: dać

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: dac

Slovincian: dac

Slovak: dať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: dać, das

Lower Sorbian: daś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dṓˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *dédeh₃ti.


mati

màti (canonical feminine)
màti (nominative singular)
màteri (dual nominative)
màteri (nominative plural)
màtere (genitive singular)
màteru (dual genitive)
màterъ (genitive plural)
màteri (dative singular)
màterьma (dative dual)
màterьmъ (dative plural)
màterь (accusative singular)
màteri (accusative dual)
màteri (accusative plural)
màterьjǫ (instrumental singular)
màterьma (dual instrumental)
màterьmī (instrumental plural)
màtere (locative singular)
màteru (dual locative)
màterьxъ (locative plural)
màti (singular vocative)
màteri (dual vocative)
màteri (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мати (mati)

desc

Old Ruthenian: ма́ти (máti), ма́теръ (máter)

Belarusian: ма́ці (máci)

Carpathian Rusyn: ма́ти (máty)

Ukrainian: ма́ти (máty), ма́тір (mátir)

Russian: мать (matʹ), ма́ти (máti) (archaic)

Old Novgorodian: мати (mati)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: мати (mati)

Glagolitic script: ⰿⰰⱅⰻ (mati)

Bulgarian: ма́тер (máter) (archaic, obsolete)

⇒ Bulgarian: ма́йка (májka)

Macedonian: мајка (majka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ма̏ти

Latin script: mȁti

Slovene: máti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desctree

Old Czech: máti, mátě, máť, máteř, mateř (later), matera (rare)
Czech: máti

Old Polish: mać, macierz, mać
Polish: mać
Polish: macierz
Silesian: macierz

Slovak: mať

Polabian: motai

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: mac

Slovincian: mac

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: maś

Upper Sorbian: mać

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *mā́ˀtē, from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr.

ętry

sister-in-law (husband's brother's wife)


pasti

c (accent-paradigm)
pasenьje (noun-from-verb)
pasti (infinitive)
pastъ (supine)
paslъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
pasenъ (participle passive past)
pasomъ (participle passive present)
pasъ (active participle past)
pasy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
pasъ (aorist first-person singular)
pasoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
pase (aorist second-person singular)
pase (aorist singular third-person)
pasǫ (first-person present singular)
paseši (present second-person singular)
pasetь (present singular third-person)
pasově (aorist dual first-person)
pasoxově (aorist dual first-person)
paseta (aorist dual second-person)
pasosta (aorist dual second-person)
pasete (aorist dual third-person)
pasoste (aorist dual third-person)
pasevě (dual first-person present)
paseta (dual present second-person)
pasete (dual present third-person)
pasomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pasoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pasete (aorist plural second-person)
pasoste (aorist plural second-person)
pasǫ (aorist plural third-person)
pasošę (aorist plural third-person)
pasemъ (first-person plural present)
pasete (plural present second-person)
pasǫtь (plural present third-person)
pasěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pasěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pasěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pasi (imperative second-person singular)
pasi (imperative singular third-person)
pasěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pasěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pasěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pasěvě (dual first-person imperative)
pasěta (dual imperative second-person)
pasěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pasěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pasěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pasěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
pasěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: пасти (pasti)

Belarusian:

Russian: пасти́ (pastí)

Ukrainian: па́сти (pásty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: пасти (pasti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: паса́ (pasá)

Macedonian: пасе (pase)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: па̏сти

Latin script: pȁsti

Slovene: pásti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: pásti

Czech: pást

Polabian: păst

Old Polish: paść (“to pasture”)
Polish: paść (“to feed”)

Slovak: pásť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: pasć

Lower Sorbian: pasć

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pāˀstéi, from Proto-Indo-European *péh₂sti, the s-present extension of *peh₂- (“to protect”).


pasti

pàsti (canonical perfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
padenьje (noun-from-verb)
pasti (infinitive)
pastъ (supine)
padlъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
padenъ (participle passive past)
padъ (active participle past)
a (accent-paradigm)
padъ (aorist first-person singular)
padoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
pade (aorist second-person singular)
pade (aorist singular third-person)
padǫ (first-person present singular)
padeši (present second-person singular)
padetь (present singular third-person)
padově (aorist dual first-person)
padoxově (aorist dual first-person)
padeta (aorist dual second-person)
padosta (aorist dual second-person)
padete (aorist dual third-person)
padoste (aorist dual third-person)
padevě (dual first-person present)
padeta (dual present second-person)
padete (dual present third-person)
padomъ (aorist first-person plural)
padoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
padete (aorist plural second-person)
padoste (aorist plural second-person)
padǫ (aorist plural third-person)
padošę (aorist plural third-person)
pademъ (first-person plural present)
padete (plural present second-person)
padǫtь (plural present third-person)
padi (imperative second-person singular)
padi (imperative singular third-person)
paděvě (dual first-person imperative)
paděta (dual imperative second-person)
paděmъ (first-person imperative plural)
paděte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: па́сці (pásci)

Russian: пасть (pastʹ)

Ukrainian: па́сти (pásty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: пасти (pasti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: па́дна (pádna)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: па̏сти

Latin script: pȁsti

Slovene: pásti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: pásti

Old Polish: paść (“to fall”)
Polish: paść (“to fall”)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pṓˀstei, from Proto-Indo-European *ped- (“to stumble, fall”).

der

padъ*listopadъ ()*sъpadъ ()*zapadъ ()

fall; leaf fall; time of leaf fall; decline; west


vedro

vedro (nominative singular)
vedrě (dual nominative)
vedra (nominative plural)
vedra (genitive singular)
vedru (dual genitive)
vedrъ (genitive plural)
vedru (dative singular)
vedroma (dative dual)
vedromъ (dative plural)
vedro (accusative singular)
vedrě (accusative dual)
vedra (accusative plural)
vedrъmь (instrumental singular)
vedromь (instrumental singular)
vedroma (dual instrumental)
vedry (instrumental plural)
vedrě (locative singular)
vedru (dual locative)
vedrěxъ (locative plural)
vedro (singular vocative)
vedrě (dual vocative)
vedra (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ведро (vedro)

Russian: вёдро (vjódro)

Ukrainian: ве́дро (védro)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ведро (vedro)

West Slavic:

Czech: vedro

Kashubian: wiodro

Polabian: vedrü

Old Polish: wiodro

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wjedro

Lower Sorbian: wjadro

Substantivized neuter adjective *vedrъ (“(of weather) fair, clear”), compare Czech jasno n, dial. Russian ясень f (jasenʹ, “clear weather”). Alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *wedʰrom, whence also Proto-Germanic *wedrą (“weather”).


činiti

činìti (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
čiňenьje (noun-from-verb)
činiti (infinitive)
činitъ (supine)
činilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
čiňenъ (participle passive past)
činimъ (participle passive present)
čiňь (active participle past)
činę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
činixъ (aorist first-person singular)
čini (aorist second-person singular)
čini (aorist singular third-person)
čiňǫ (first-person present singular)
činiši (present second-person singular)
činitь (present singular third-person)
činixově (aorist dual first-person)
činista (aorist dual second-person)
činiste (aorist dual third-person)
činivě (dual first-person present)
činita (dual present second-person)
činite (dual present third-person)
činixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
činiste (aorist plural second-person)
činišę (aorist plural third-person)
činimъ (first-person plural present)
činite (plural present second-person)
činętь (plural present third-person)
čiňaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
čiňaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
čiňaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
čini (imperative second-person singular)
čini (imperative singular third-person)
čiňaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
čiňaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
čiňaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
činivě (dual first-person imperative)
činita (dual imperative second-person)
čiňaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
čiňaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
čiňaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
činimъ (first-person imperative plural)
činite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: чыні́ць (čynícʹ)

Russian: чини́ть (činítʹ)

Ukrainian: чини́ти (čynýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: чинити (činiti)

Glagolitic script: ⱍⰻⱀⰻⱅⰻ (činiti)

Bulgarian: чи́ня (čínja)

Macedonian: чини (čini)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: чѝнити

Latin script: čìniti

Slovene: číniti

West Slavic:

Old Czech: činiti

Czech: činit

Kashubian: czënic

desctree

Old Polish: czynić
Polish: czynić
Silesian: czynić

Slovak: činiť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: činić

Lower Sorbian: cyniś

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: csinál

Causative-iterative of *činǫti (“to probe, to gauge”) + *-iti (cognate with Ancient Greek τῐ́νω (tĭ́nō, “to pay honor”)) and/or related noun *činъ (“rank, status”) + *-iti, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kʷey- (“to enquire, to evaluate”) < *kʷ- (interrogative particle).

der

→ to prepare, to commence

→ to compile, to conjure

→ to accomplish, to fulfill

→ to raise, to set up

(intransitive, abstract) to constitute, to stand for, to be worth


guna

guna (nominative singular)
guně (dual nominative)
guny (nominative plural)
guny (genitive singular)
gunu (dual genitive)
gunъ (genitive plural)
guně (dative singular)
gunama (dative dual)
gunamъ (dative plural)
gunǫ (accusative singular)
guně (accusative dual)
guny (accusative plural)
gunojǫ (instrumental singular)
gunǫ (instrumental singular)
gunama (dual instrumental)
gunami (instrumental plural)
guně (locative singular)
gunu (dual locative)
gunasъ (locative plural)
gunaxъ (locative plural)
guno (singular vocative)
guně (dual vocative)
guny (plural vocative)
*guňa (alternative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: гуня (hunja)

Russian: гу́на (gúna), гу́ня (gúnja)

Ukrainian: гу́ня (húnja)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: гу́на (gúna), гу́ня (gúnja)

Macedonian: гуна (guna), гуња (gunja)

desc

gȕnja//гу̏ња

Serbo-Croatian: gȗnj /гу̑њ, gȕnja /гу̏ња

Slovene: gúnj

West Slavic:

Old Czech: húně

Czech: houně, houň, (dialectal) huňa, guňa

Polish: gunia

Silesian: gunia

Old Slovak: huňa

Slovak: huňa

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: gunë

→ Aromanian: gunã

→ Hungarian: gúnya

→ Byzantine Greek: γούνα (goúna) (see there for further descendants)

→? Latin: gunna (see there for further descendants)

Possibly from Proto-Iranian *gawnám (“hair; colour”), whence Persian گون (gun, “colour”), Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬊𐬥𐬀 (gaona, “hair; colour”), Ossetian хъуын (qwyn), гъун (ǧun, “hair”), Old Armenian գոյն (goyn, “colour”) and Ancient Greek καυνάκης (kaunákēs), γαυνάκης (gaunákēs, “thick fur cloack”) and ancient Iranian names Ancient Greek Ἀλογουνη (Alogounē), Ῥοδογουνη (Rhodogounē), Φραταγουνη (Phratagounē). Ultimately of unclear origin, though possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to bend, curve”).
Similarity with Proto-Turkic *kȫn (“leather, skin”), whence Ottoman Turkish گون (gön), Azerbaijani gön, Kazakh көн (kön), Bashkir күн (kün), Uyghur كۆن (kön), Kumyk гён (gön), Southern Altai кӧн (kön), is likely coincidental.
Akin to Lithuanian gunė (“coarse horse blanket”), either a cognate or a descendant.


pravo

pravo (nominative singular)
pravě (dual nominative)
prava (nominative plural)
prava (genitive singular)
pravu (dual genitive)
pravъ (genitive plural)
pravu (dative singular)
pravoma (dative dual)
pravomъ (dative plural)
pravo (accusative singular)
pravě (accusative dual)
prava (accusative plural)
pravъmь (instrumental singular)
pravomь (instrumental singular)
pravoma (dual instrumental)
pravy (instrumental plural)
pravě (locative singular)
pravu (dual locative)
pravěxъ (locative plural)
pravo (singular vocative)
pravě (dual vocative)
prava (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: право (pravo)

Old Ruthenian: право (pravo)

Belarusian: пра́ва (práva)

Ukrainian: пра́во (právo)

Russian: пра́во (právo)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⱂⱃⰰⰲⱁ (pravo)

Old Cyrillic script: право (pravo)

Bulgarian: пра́во (právo)

Macedonian: право (pravo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пра́во

Latin script: právo

Slovene: prȃvo (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: právo

Czech: právo

Old Polish: prawo

Polish: prawo

Silesian: prawo

Old Slovak: právo, práwo

Slovak: právo

Pannonian Rusyn: право (pravo)

Polabian: provü

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: prawò

Slovincian: prawô

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pšawo


sedmica

sedmica (nominative singular)
sedmici (dual nominative)
sedmicę̇ (nominative plural)
sedmicę̇ (genitive singular)
sedmicu (dual genitive)
sedmicь (genitive plural)
sedmici (dative singular)
sedmicama (dative dual)
sedmicamъ (dative plural)
sedmicǫ (accusative singular)
sedmici (accusative dual)
sedmicę̇ (accusative plural)
sedmicejǫ (instrumental singular)
sedmicǫ (instrumental singular)
sedmicama (dual instrumental)
sedmicami (instrumental plural)
sedmici (locative singular)
sedmicu (dual locative)
sedmicasъ (locative plural)
sedmicaxъ (locative plural)
sedmice (singular vocative)
sedmici (dual vocative)
sedmicę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: седмица (sedmica, “7; 7 days, week; day 7, Saturday”), семица (semica, “7”)

Old Ruthenian: седми́ца (sedmíca, “week; seven times”)

Ukrainian: седми́ця (sedmýcja, “week”), семиця (semycja, “week; 7-limit tuning?”)

Russian: седми́ца (sedmíca, “7 days, week”), седьми́ца (sedʹmíca)

South Slavic:

Church Slavonic седмица (sedmica)

Bulgarian: седми́ца (sedmíca, “septuple”), се́дмица (sédmica, “week”)

Macedonian: седмица (sedmica)

Serbo-Croatian::

Cyrillic script: сѐдмица

Latin script: sèdmica

Slovene: sedmica

West Slavic:

Czech: sedmice

From *sedmь (“7”) + *-ica.
Compare Upper Sorbian sedmka, sedymka (“7-pip card”), Lower Sorbian sedymka (“7”), Belarusian сёмка (sjómka, “7-pip card”), семъ-дзёнъ (“7-days-old animal”), Ukrainian сі́мка (símka, “7; 7-pip card”) and Russian семи́на (semína, “week”).
Meaning "week" is calque of Ancient Greek ἑβδομάς (hebdomás, “7; 7 days, week; 7 years”) or Vulgar Latin septimāna (“week”). See also Latin hebdomas, Tajik ҳафта (hafta, “week”), Sanskrit सप्ताह (saptāha, “7 days, week”), Hungarian hét (“7; week”).
Per Melnychuk, Old East Slavic седмица (sedmica) is borrowing from Church Slavonic.

cog

Marko Snoj
uk:Мельничук Олександр Савич


godina

godina (nominative singular)
godině (dual nominative)
godiny (nominative plural)
godiny (genitive singular)
godinu (dual genitive)
godinъ (genitive plural)
godině (dative singular)
godinama (dative dual)
godinamъ (dative plural)
godinǫ (accusative singular)
godině (accusative dual)
godiny (accusative plural)
godinojǫ (instrumental singular)
godinǫ (instrumental singular)
godinama (dual instrumental)
godinami (instrumental plural)
godině (locative singular)
godinu (dual locative)
godinasъ (locative plural)
godinaxъ (locative plural)
godino (singular vocative)
godině (dual vocative)
godiny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Belarusian: гадзі́на (hadzína)
→ Lithuanian: (obsolete) gadyna, gadynė (“time”)
→ Lithuanian: adynà
→ Samogitian: gadīnė (“time”)

Carpathian Rusyn: годи́на (hodýna)

Ukrainian: годи́на (hodýna)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: година (godina)

Russian: година (godina)

Bulgarian: година (godina)

Macedonian: година (godina)

Serbo-Croatian: godina

West Slavic:

Kashubian: gòdzëna

Old Czech: hodina

Czech: hodina
→ Upper Sorbian: hodźina
→ Lower Sorbian: góźina

Old Polish: godzina
Polish: godzina
Silesian: godzina

Old Slovak: hodina

Pannonian Rusyn: годзина (hodzina)

Slovak: hodina


stati

stàti (canonical perfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
statьje (noun-from-verb)
stati (infinitive)
statъ (supine)
stalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
stavъ (active participle past)
a (accent-paradigm)
staxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sta (aorist second-person singular)
sta (aorist singular third-person)
stanǫ (first-person present singular)
staneši (present second-person singular)
stanetь (present singular third-person)
staxově (aorist dual first-person)
stasta (aorist dual second-person)
staste (aorist dual third-person)
stanevě (dual first-person present)
staneta (dual present second-person)
stanete (dual present third-person)
staxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
staste (aorist plural second-person)
stašę (aorist plural third-person)
stanemъ (first-person plural present)
stanete (plural present second-person)
stanǫtь (plural present third-person)
stani (imperative second-person singular)
stani (imperative singular third-person)
staněvě (dual first-person imperative)
staněta (dual imperative second-person)
staněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
staněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: стати (stati)

Belarusian: стаць (stacʹ)

Russian: стать (statʹ)

Ukrainian: стати (staty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: стати (stati)

Glagolitic: ⱄⱅⰰⱅⰻ (stati)

Bulgarian: ста́на (stána)

Macedonian: стане (stane)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ста̏ти

Latin script: stȁti

Slovene: státi (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: státi
Czech: stát

Old Polish: stać, sstać
Polish: stać
Silesian: stać

Old Slovak: stať

Pannonian Rusyn: стац (stac)

Slovak: stať

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: stac

Slovincian: stac

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: stać

Lower Sorbian: stojaś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *stā́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *stéh₂yeti, from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-.


gasiti

gasìti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
gašenьje (noun-from-verb)
gasiti (infinitive)
gasitъ (supine)
gasilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
gašenъ (participle passive past)
gasimъ (participle passive present)
gašь (active participle past)
gasę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
gasixъ (aorist first-person singular)
gasi (aorist second-person singular)
gasi (aorist singular third-person)
gašǫ (first-person present singular)
gasiši (present second-person singular)
gasitь (present singular third-person)
gasixově (aorist dual first-person)
gasista (aorist dual second-person)
gasiste (aorist dual third-person)
gasivě (dual first-person present)
gasita (dual present second-person)
gasite (dual present third-person)
gasixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gasiste (aorist plural second-person)
gasišę (aorist plural third-person)
gasimъ (first-person plural present)
gasite (plural present second-person)
gasętь (plural present third-person)
gašaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gašaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gašaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gasi (imperative second-person singular)
gasi (imperative singular third-person)
gašaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gašaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gašaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gasivě (dual first-person imperative)
gasita (dual imperative second-person)
gašaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gašaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gašaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gasimъ (first-person imperative plural)
gasite (imperative plural second-person)
c (accent-paradigm)
gašenьje (noun-from-verb)
gasiti (infinitive)
gasitъ (supine)
gasilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
gašenъ (participle passive past)
gasimъ (participle passive present)
gašь (active participle past)
gasę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
gasixъ (aorist first-person singular)
gasi (aorist second-person singular)
gasi (aorist singular third-person)
gašǫ (first-person present singular)
gasiši (present second-person singular)
gasitь (present singular third-person)
gasixově (aorist dual first-person)
gasista (aorist dual second-person)
gasiste (aorist dual third-person)
gasivě (dual first-person present)
gasita (dual present second-person)
gasite (dual present third-person)
gasixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gasiste (aorist plural second-person)
gasišę (aorist plural third-person)
gasimъ (first-person plural present)
gasite (plural present second-person)
gasętь (plural present third-person)
gašaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gašaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gašaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gasi (imperative second-person singular)
gasi (imperative singular third-person)
gašaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gašaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gašaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gasivě (dual first-person imperative)
gasita (dual imperative second-person)
gašaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gašaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gašaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gasimъ (first-person imperative plural)
gasite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гасити (gasiti)

Middle Belarusian: гасити (hasiti)

Belarusian: гасі́ць (hasícʹ)

Ukrainian: гаси́ти (hasýty)

Russian: гаси́ть (gasítʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: оугасити (ugasiti)

Glagolitic script: [Term?]

Bulgarian: гася́ (gasjá)

Macedonian: гаси (gasi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: га́сити

Latin script: gásiti

Slovene: gasīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hasiti

Czech: hasit

Kashubian: gasëc

Polabian: gosĕ (3sg.)

Polish: gasić

Slovak: hasiť

Slovincian: gasëc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: hasyć

Lower Sorbian: gasyś

Per Derksen, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷōs-eye-, lengthened causative of *(s)gʷes-. Baltic cognates include Lithuanian gesýti (“to extinguish”), 1sg. gesaũ, gèsti (“to be extinguished, to go out”), 1sg. gestù, Latvian dzēst (“to extinguish”), dzist (“to be extinguished, to go out”). Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit जसते (jásate, “to be extinguished”), जासयति (jāsáyati, “to extinguish, to exhaust”), Ancient Greek σβέννῡμι (sbénnūmi, “to extinguish”).


olovo

ȍlovo (canonical neuter)
ȍlovo (nominative singular)
ȍlově (dual nominative)
olovà (nominative plural)
ȍlova (genitive singular)
olovù (dual genitive)
olòvъ (genitive plural)
ȍlovu (dative singular)
olovomà (dative dual)
olovòmъ (dative plural)
ȍlovo (accusative singular)
ȍlově (accusative dual)
olovà (accusative plural)
ȍlovъmь (instrumental singular)
ȍlovomь (instrumental singular)
olovomà (dual instrumental)
olový (instrumental plural)
ȍlově (locative singular)
olovù (dual locative)
olově̃xъ (locative plural)
ȍlovo (singular vocative)
ȍlově (dual vocative)
olovà (plural vocative)
*olovь (alternative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: о́лово (ólovo), о́ловъ (ólovŭ)

Old Ruthenian: о́лово (ólovo), о́лов (ólov), ѡлово (olovo)

Belarusian: во́лава (vólava); во́лаво (vólavo), го́лово (hólovo) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: о́лово (ólovo, “tin”); го́луво (hóluvo) (obsolete)

Russian: о́лово (ólovo, “tin”); ловь (lovʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: олово (olovo)

Glagolitic script: ⱁⰾⱁⰲⱁ (olovo)

Bulgarian: оло́во (olóvo)

Macedonian: олово (olovo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̏лово; о́лаво

Latin script: ȍlovo; ólovo

Slovene: ọ́lovo, olọ̑v

West Slavic:

Old Czech: olovo

Czech: olovo

Old Polish: ołów

Polish: ołów; ołowo, ou̯ůƒ, u̯ou̯oƒ (dialectal)

Old Slovak: olovo

Pannonian Rusyn: олово (olovo)

Slovak: olovo

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wołoj

Lower Sorbian: wołoj

Cognate with Lithuanian álvas, Latvian alva and Old Prussian alwis. The Balto-Slavic terms were traditionally derived from a Proto-Indo-European *h₂elw- (“white, reddish”) (whence perhaps *h₂elut- (“beer”), the origin of the sense in Etymology 2), though this is dubious due to assuming the original meaning of the Balto-Slavic as the lighter metal "tin" rather than the darker metal "lead". Based on the semantic category of the term, it is more likely to be borrowed from some unknown substrate. Note also vague similarities in consonants to Latin plumbum (“lead”) and Ancient Greek μόλυβδος (mólubdos, “lead”), both borrowed from some other language.

ncog

either of the metals lead (black lead) or tin (white lead)


olovo

olovo (nominative singular)
olově (dual nominative)
olova (nominative plural)
olova (genitive singular)
olovu (dual genitive)
olovъ (genitive plural)
olovu (dative singular)
olovoma (dative dual)
olovomъ (dative plural)
olovo (accusative singular)
olově (accusative dual)
olova (accusative plural)
olovъmь (instrumental singular)
olovomь (instrumental singular)
olovoma (dual instrumental)
olovy (instrumental plural)
olově (locative singular)
olovu (dual locative)
olověxъ (locative plural)
olovo (singular vocative)
olově (dual vocative)
olova (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: dial. ола́ва (oláva)


sito

sìto (canonical neuter)
sìto (nominative singular)
sìtě (dual nominative)
sìta (nominative plural)
sìta (genitive singular)
sìtu (dual genitive)
sìtъ (genitive plural)
sìtu (dative singular)
sìtoma (dative dual)
sìtomъ (dative plural)
sìto (accusative singular)
sìtě (accusative dual)
sìta (accusative plural)
sìtъmь (instrumental singular)
sìtomь (instrumental singular)
sìtoma (dual instrumental)
sìtȳ (instrumental plural)
sìtě (locative singular)
sìtu (dual locative)
sìtě̄xъ (locative plural)
sìto (singular vocative)
sìtě (dual vocative)
sìta (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сито (sito)

Belarusian: сі́та (síta)

Russian: си́то (síto)

Carpathian Rusyn: сито (syto)

Ukrainian: си́то (sýto)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сито (sito)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⰻⱅⱁ (sito)

Bulgarian: си́то (síto)

Macedonian: сито (sito)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: си̏то

Latin script: sȉto

Slovene: sítọ

West Slavic:

Old Czech: síto

Czech: síto

Moravian (Mistřice): sito

Kashubian:

Polabian:

Polish: sito

Silesian: sito

Slovak: sito

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: syto

Non-Slavic:

Albanian: sitë

Aromanian: sitã

Hungarian: szita

Romanian: sită

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *séiˀta (“sieve”).


korpa

kőrpa (canonical feminine)
korpa (nominative singular)
korpě (dual nominative)
korpy (nominative plural)
korpy (genitive singular)
korpu (dual genitive)
korpъ (genitive plural)
korpě (dative singular)
korpama (dative dual)
korpamъ (dative plural)
korpǫ (accusative singular)
korpě (accusative dual)
korpy (accusative plural)
korpojǫ (instrumental singular)
korpǫ (instrumental singular)
korpama (dual instrumental)
korpami (instrumental plural)
korpě (locative singular)
korpu (dual locative)
korpasъ (locative plural)
korpaxъ (locative plural)
korpo (singular vocative)
korpě (dual vocative)
korpy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: кура́па (kurápa)

⇒ Russian: коропа́вка (koropávka)

Ukrainian: коро́па (korópa) (dialectal)

desc

коропа́та жаба

⇒ Ukrainian: коропа́вка (koropávka), коропа́виця (koropávycja), коропа́та жаба (koropáta žaba)

South Slavic:

⇒ Slovene: krápavica (dialectal)

From a substantivation of Proto-Balto-Slavic *karˀpas (“rough, coarse”) + *-a, attested indirectly in Proto-Slavic *korpavъ, *korpatъ (extended with the auxiliary suffixes *-avъ, *-atъ). Cognate with Lithuanian karpà (“wart”), Latvian kãrpa (“callus”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kerHp- (“to scrape, to abrade”), whence also *skorpavъ, *xorpavъ with identical meanings.
Formally similar to Proto-Slavic *korpъ (“carp”) of unclear origin (possibly substrate).


liti

lìti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
litьje (noun-from-verb)
liti (infinitive)
litъ (supine)
lilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
litъ (participle passive past)
lějemъ (participle passive present)
livъ (active participle past)
lěję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
lixъ (aorist first-person singular)
li (aorist second-person singular)
li (aorist singular third-person)
lějǫ (first-person present singular)
lěješi (present second-person singular)
lějetь (present singular third-person)
lixově (aorist dual first-person)
lista (aorist dual second-person)
liste (aorist dual third-person)
lějevě (dual first-person present)
lějeta (dual present second-person)
lějete (dual present third-person)
lixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
liste (aorist plural second-person)
lišę (aorist plural third-person)
lějemъ (first-person plural present)
lějete (plural present second-person)
lějǫtь (plural present third-person)
lěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
lěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
lěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
lěji (imperative second-person singular)
lěji (imperative singular third-person)
lěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
lěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
lěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
lějivě (dual first-person imperative)
lějita (dual imperative second-person)
lěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
lěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
lěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
lějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
lějite (imperative plural second-person)
c (accent-paradigm)
litьje (noun-from-verb)
liti (infinitive)
litъ (supine)
lilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
litъ (participle passive past)
lijemъ (participle passive present)
livъ (active participle past)
liję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
lixъ (aorist first-person singular)
li (aorist second-person singular)
li (aorist singular third-person)
lijǫ (first-person present singular)
liješi (present second-person singular)
lijetь (present singular third-person)
lixově (aorist dual first-person)
lista (aorist dual second-person)
liste (aorist dual third-person)
lijevě (dual first-person present)
lijeta (dual present second-person)
lijete (dual present third-person)
lixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
liste (aorist plural second-person)
lišę (aorist plural third-person)
lijemъ (first-person plural present)
lijete (plural present second-person)
lijǫtь (plural present third-person)
lijaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
lijaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
lijaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
liji (imperative second-person singular)
liji (imperative singular third-person)
lijaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
lijaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
lijaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
lijivě (dual first-person imperative)
lijita (dual imperative second-person)
lijaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
lijaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
lijaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
lijimъ (first-person imperative plural)
lijite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: лити (liti)

Belarusian: ліць (licʹ)

Russian: лить (litʹ)

Ukrainian: ли́ти (lýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: лити (liti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: ле́я (léja)

Macedonian: лее (lee)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ли̏ти

Latin script: lȉti

Slovene: líti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: líti

Czech: lít

Old Polish: lać

Polish: lać

Silesian: lŏć

Old Slovak:

Pannonian Rusyn: ляц (ljac)

Slovak: liať

desc

Polabian: *lait; ⇒ lėjĕ (3sg), laită (participle), lėjonĕ (gerund)

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: lôc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: leć

Lower Sorbian: laś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *leˀitei, from Proto-Indo-European *leyH- (“to pour”).
Baltic cognates include
Lithuanian li̇́eti, Latvian liêt, Old Prussian pralieiton (“shed”).
Indo-European cognates include
Ancient Greek λείβω (leíbō, “to shed, to pour”), Middle Welsh dillyd (“to pour out”).


lopata

lopàta (canonical feminine)
lopàta (nominative singular)
lopàtě (dual nominative)
lopàty (nominative plural)
lopàty (genitive singular)
lopàtu (dual genitive)
lopàtъ (genitive plural)
lopàtě (dative singular)
lopàtama (dative dual)
lopàtamъ (dative plural)
lopàtǫ (accusative singular)
lopàtě (accusative dual)
lopàty (accusative plural)
lopàtojǫ (instrumental singular)
lopàtǭ (instrumental singular)
lopàtama (dual instrumental)
lopàtamī (instrumental plural)
lopàtě (locative singular)
lopàtu (dual locative)
lopàtasъ (locative plural)
lopàtaxъ (locative plural)
lopàto (singular vocative)
lopàtě (dual vocative)
lopàty (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: лопата (lopata)

Belarusian: лапа́та (lapáta)

Russian: лопа́та (lopáta)

Ukrainian: лопа́та (lopáta)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: лопата (lopata)

Glagolitic script: ⰾⱁⱂⰰⱅⰰ (lopata)

Bulgarian: лопа́та (lopáta)

Macedonian: лопата (lopata)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ло̀пата

Latin script: lòpata

Slovene: lopáta (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: lopata

Czech: lopata

Polabian: lüpotă

Polish: łopata

Slovak: lopata

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: łopata (rare)

Slovincian: lôpata

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: łopata

Lower Sorbian: łopata

→ Albanian: lopatë

→ Aromanian: lupatã

→ Hungarian: lapát

→ Romanian: lopată

→ Early Proto-Slavic or Proto-Balto-Slavic: *lapātā > Early Proto-Finnic: *lapita → Proto-Finnic: *lapida, *lapido

Finnish: lapio

Estonian: labidas

Karelian: lapie

Votic: lapia

Formed as *lopъ (“leaf”) + *-ata. Cognate with Lithuanian lópeta (“shovel”), Latvian lâpsta (“shovel, spade”) and Old Prussian lopto (“spade”).


polica

*polъka (alternative)
polica (nominative singular)
polici (dual nominative)
policę̇ (nominative plural)
policę̇ (genitive singular)
policu (dual genitive)
policь (genitive plural)
polici (dative singular)
policama (dative dual)
policamъ (dative plural)
policǫ (accusative singular)
polici (accusative dual)
policę̇ (accusative plural)
policejǫ (instrumental singular)
policǫ (instrumental singular)
policama (dual instrumental)
policami (instrumental plural)
polici (locative singular)
policu (dual locative)
policasъ (locative plural)
policaxъ (locative plural)
police (singular vocative)
polici (dual vocative)
policę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: полица (polica)

Belarusian: палі́ца (palíca)

Russian: поли́ца (políca)

Ukrainian: поли́ця (polýcja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: полица (polica)

Bulgarian: поли́ца (políca)

Macedonian: полица (polica)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: по̀лица

Latin script: pòlica

Slovene: políca (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: police

Polish: polica (dialectal or obsolete)

Slovak: polica

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: polca

Lower Sorbian: polica

Non-Slavic

→ Hungarian: polc

→ Romanian: poliță

Related to *polъ (“flank”) or *polti (“to twine”) + *-ica, possibly originally meaning “plank, beam”. Could be further akin to Latvian spals (“handle, shaft”).

shelf, ledge (a board providing surface for storing or displaying objects)


svoboda

svobodà (canonical feminine)
svobodà (nominative singular)
svȍbodě (dual nominative)
svȍbody (nominative plural)
svobodý (genitive singular)
svobodù (dual genitive)
svobòdъ (genitive plural)
svobodě̀ (dative singular)
svobodàma (dative dual)
svobodàmъ (dative plural)
svȍbodǫ (accusative singular)
svȍbodě (accusative dual)
svȍbody (accusative plural)
svobodojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
svobodàma (dual instrumental)
svobodàmi (instrumental plural)
svȍbodě (locative singular)
svobodù (dual locative)
svobodàsъ (locative plural)
svobodàxъ (locative plural)
svobodo (singular vocative)
svȍbodě (dual vocative)
svȍbody (plural vocative)
svobodà (nominative singular)
svobòdě (dual nominative)
svobodỳ (nominative plural)
svobodỳ (genitive singular)
svobodù (dual genitive)
svobòdъ (genitive plural)
svobodě̀ (dative singular)
svobodàma (dative dual)
svobodàmъ (dative plural)
svobodǫ̀ (accusative singular)
svobòdě (accusative dual)
svobodỳ (accusative plural)
svobodòjǫ (instrumental singular)
svobòdǫ (instrumental singular)
svobodàma (dual instrumental)
svobodàmī (instrumental plural)
svobodě̀ (locative singular)
svobodù (dual locative)
svobodàsъ (locative plural)
svobodàxъ (locative plural)
svobodo (singular vocative)
svobòdě (dual vocative)
svobodỳ (plural vocative)
*sveboda (alternative)
*svěboda (alternative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: свобода (svoboda), слобода (sloboda), свободь (svobodĭ, “free”, adj.)

Belarusian: свабо́да (svabóda), слабада́ (slabadá, “a type of settlement”)

Russian: свобо́да (svobóda), слобода́ (slobodá)

Ukrainian: свобо́да́ (svobódá), слобода́ (slobodá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: свобода (svoboda), свободь (svobodĭ, “free”, adj.)

Bulgarian: свобода́ (svobodá)

Macedonian: сло́бода (slóboda)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: слобо̀да, свобо̀да

Latin script: slobòda, svobòda

Slovene: svobóda, slobóda, svobọ̑d f, slobọ̑d f

West Slavic:

Old Czech: svoboda

Czech: svoboda

Moravian (Mistřice): su̯oboda

Old Polish: świeboda

Old Slovak: sloboda, svoboda

Pannonian Rusyn: шлєбода (šljeboda)

Slovak: sloboda

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: swoboda

Lower Sorbian: swoboda

Non-Slavic:

→ Estonian: vaba

→ Finnish: vapaa

→ Ingrian: vappaa

→ Latvian: svabads

→ Hungarian: szabad (“free, allowed”)

→ Romanian: slobod (“free”, adj.)

PIE word
 *swé
From *svobь, from Proto-Indo-European *swo-bʰo-/*swe-bʰo- (synchronically derived from *svojь), + *-oda. Same extension in Latvian atsvabināt (“to free”), Old Prussian subs, Proto-Germanic *swēbaz m, *sibjō f, Latin Sabīnī, Sabellī, Samnium. For the suffix cf. *agoda.


sluga

slūgà (canonical masculine)
slūgà (nominative singular)
slũdzě (dual nominative)
slūgỳ (nominative plural)
slūgỳ (genitive singular)
slūgù (dual genitive)
slũgъ (genitive plural)
slūdzě̀ (dative singular)
slūgàma (dative dual)
slūgàmъ (dative plural)
slūgǫ̀ (accusative singular)
slũdzě (accusative dual)
slūgỳ (accusative plural)
slūgòjǫ (instrumental singular)
slũgǫ (instrumental singular)
slūgàma (dual instrumental)
slūgàmī (instrumental plural)
slūdzě̀ (locative singular)
slūgù (dual locative)
slūgàsъ (locative plural)
slūgàxъ (locative plural)
slugo (singular vocative)
slũdzě (dual vocative)
slūgỳ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: слꙋга (sluga)

Belarusian: слуга́ (sluhá)

Russian: слуга́ (slugá)

Ukrainian: слуга́ (sluhá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: слоуга (sluga)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⰾⱆⰳⰰ (sluga)

Bulgarian: слуга́ (slugá)

Macedonian: слуга (sluga)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: слу́га

Latin script: slúga

Slovene: slúga

West Slavic:

Old Czech: slúha

Czech: sluha

Polish: sługa

Slovak: sluha

→ Hungarian: szolga

→ Romanian: slugă

→⇒? Proto-Finnic: *sulhainën (see there for further descendants)

Disputed:
* Zubatý, Brückner: Cognate with Lithuanian slaugà (“servitude, assistance”) (abstract noun) and probably Proto-Celtic *slougos (“troop, military regiment”); per Matasović, a collective deadjectival from an earlier Proto-Balto-Slavic *sláugas (“adherent?”) + *-a < perhaps Proto-Indo-European *slew- (“to proceed, to adhere to”). Favoured by Vasmer, Machek, Snoj. Some scholars (Mikkola, Šakhmatov) even consider an early borrowing from Celtic.
* Mladenov, Ondruš: Native formation from *sluti (“to call”) + *-ga, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to listen”). Akin to Latin cliēns (“customer, companion”).


gospoda

gospodà (canonical feminine)
gospodà (nominative singular)
gospòdě (dual nominative)
gospodỳ (nominative plural)
gospodỳ (genitive singular)
gospodù (dual genitive)
gospòdъ (genitive plural)
gospodě̀ (dative singular)
gospodàma (dative dual)
gospodàmъ (dative plural)
gospodǫ̀ (accusative singular)
gospòdě (accusative dual)
gospodỳ (accusative plural)
gospodòjǫ (instrumental singular)
gospòdǫ (instrumental singular)
gospodàma (dual instrumental)
gospodàmī (instrumental plural)
gospodě̀ (locative singular)
gospodù (dual locative)
gospodàsъ (locative plural)
gospodàxъ (locative plural)
gospodo (singular vocative)
gospòdě (dual vocative)
gospodỳ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: господа (gospoda, “dominion”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⰳⱁⱄⱂⱁⰴⰰ (gospoda)

Old Cyrillic script: господа (gospoda, “hostel”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: госпо̀да

Latin script: gospòda

Slovene: gospóda (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hospoda

Czech: hospoda

Polish: gospoda

Old Slovak: hospoda

Slovak: hospoda (dialectal)

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: gòspòda

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: góspoda

Upper Sorbian: hospoda

Non-Slavic:

→ Old Hungarian: gazda

desctree

Hungarian: gazda
→ Bulgarian: га́зда (gázda) (dialectal)
→ Czech: gazda (dialectal)
→ Macedonian: газда (gazda)
→ Old Ruthenian: кгазда (gazda), ґазда (gazda)
Carpathian Rusyn: ґа́зда́ (gázdá)
Ukrainian: ґа́зда́ (gázdá) (dialectal)
→ Old Slovak: gazda
Pannonian Rusyn: ґазда (gazda)
Slovak: gazda
→ Polish: gazda
→ Romanian: gazdă
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: га̏зда
Latin script: gȁzda
→ Slovene: gȃzda (tonal orthography)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstis
Proto-Indo-European *pótis
Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstipotis
Proto-Balto-Slavic *gástipatis
Proto-Slavic *gospodь
Proto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀ
Proto-Slavic *-a
Proto-Slavic *gospoda
From *gospodь (“lord”) + *-a (“collective suffix”), akin to Latin hospitālis (“hospitable”).


britva

brìtva (canonical feminine)
brìtva (nominative singular)
brìtvě (dual nominative)
brìtvy (nominative plural)
brìtvy (genitive singular)
brìtvu (dual genitive)
brìtvъ (genitive plural)
brìtvě (dative singular)
brìtvama (dative dual)
brìtvamъ (dative plural)
brìtvǫ (accusative singular)
brìtvě (accusative dual)
brìtvy (accusative plural)
brìtvojǫ (instrumental singular)
brìtvǭ (instrumental singular)
brìtvama (dual instrumental)
brìtvamī (instrumental plural)
brìtvě (locative singular)
brìtvu (dual locative)
brìtvasъ (locative plural)
brìtvaxъ (locative plural)
brìtvo (singular vocative)
brìtvě (dual vocative)
brìtvy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Middle Belarusian: бритва (britva)

Russian: бри́тва (brítva)

→ Skolt Sami: friitv

Ukrainian: бри́тва (brýtva)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: бритва (britva)

Glagolitic script: ⰱⱃⰻⱅⰲⰰ (britva)

Bulgarian: бри́тва (brítva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бри̏тва

Latin script: brȉtva

Slovene: britva

West Slavic:

Old Czech: břitva

Czech: břitva

Kashubian: brzëtew

desctree

Old Polish: brzytwa
Polish: brzytwa, brzytew (obsolete or dialectal, Northern Greater Polish, Far Masovian, Northern Borderlands)
Silesian: brzitwa

Slovak: britva

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: britej

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: borotva