sъrěsti

sъrě̀sti (canonical perfective)
sъrětati (imperfective)
*sъrětiti (alternative)
*sъrěťьnǫti (alternative)
*sъrětьnǫti (alternative)
sъrětenьje (noun-from-verb)
sъrěsti (infinitive)
sъrěstъ (supine)
sъrětlъ (l-participle)
sъrětenъ (participle passive past)
sъrětъ (active participle past)
sъrětъ (aorist first-person singular)
sъrětoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sъrěte (aorist second-person singular)
sъrěte (aorist singular third-person)
sъręťǫ (first-person present singular)
sъręťeši (present second-person singular)
sъręťetь (present singular third-person)
sъrětově (aorist dual first-person)
sъrětoxově (aorist dual first-person)
sъrěteta (aorist dual second-person)
sъrětosta (aorist dual second-person)
sъrětete (aorist dual third-person)
sъrětoste (aorist dual third-person)
sъręťevě (dual first-person present)
sъręťeta (dual present second-person)
sъręťete (dual present third-person)
sъrětomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sъrětoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sъrětete (aorist plural second-person)
sъrětoste (aorist plural second-person)
sъrětǫ (aorist plural third-person)
sъrětošę (aorist plural third-person)
sъręťemъ (first-person plural present)
sъręťete (plural present second-person)
sъręťǫtь (plural present third-person)
sъręťi (imperative second-person singular)
sъręťi (imperative singular third-person)
sъręťivě (dual first-person imperative)
sъręťita (dual imperative second-person)
sъręťimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sъręťite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сърѣсти (sŭrěsti)

desc

⇒ Belarusian: встрiць (vstricʹ), сустрэ́ць (sustrécʹ)

⇒ Russian: встре́тить (vstrétitʹ), сустрекать (sustrekatʹ)

⇒ Ukrainian: зустріча́ти (zustričáty), зустрiтити (zustrityty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сърѣсти (sŭrěsti)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱏⱃⱑⱄⱅⰻ (sŭrěsti)

⇒ Bulgarian: сре́тя (srétja) (dated, dialectal), сре́щна (sréštna)

⇒ Macedonian: сретне (sretne)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сре̏сти

Latin script: srȅsti

Slovene: srẹ́sti, srẹ́čati

West Slavic:

⇒ Old Czech: střětnúti

Czech: střetnout

Old Polish: śrześć

⇒ Slovak: stretnúť

From *sъ- (“good”) + an obscure element *rět- with an epenthetic -s-, possibly from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wrēt- or *rēt-, also found in Proto-Slavic *obrěsti (“to find, encounter”). Cognate with Lithuanian surė̃sti (“to seize”).

sъręťa*sъręťu ()

meeting, lucky encounter, fortune; against, opposite of


sǫda

East Slavic:

Belarusian: сюды́ (sjudý)

desctree

Russian: сюда́ (sjudá), сюды́ (sjudý) — dialectal
Solombala English: сюда (sjuda)

Ukrainian: сюди́ (sjudý)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сѫдоу (sǫdu)

Bulgarian: съде (sǎde)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: су̀ду

Latin script: sùdu

Slovene: sо̣̑d

West Slavic:

Czech: -sud (only with prefix, e.g. odsud)


tǫda

East Slavic:

Belarusian: туды́ (tudý)

Russian: туда́ (tudá)

Ukrainian: туди́ (tudý), туда́ (tudá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: тѫдоу (tǫdu)

desc

Bulgarian: тъдя́ (tǎdjá), тъдя́ва (tǎdjáva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ту̀да̑

Latin script: tùda

Slovene: tо̣̑d, tọ̑daj

West Slavic:

Old Czech: tudy

Czech: tudy

Old Polish: tędy, tąd

Polish: tędy

Slovak: tudy


vьśegъda

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вьсегъда (vĭsegŭda)

Old Ruthenian: всегда (vsehda)

Ukrainian: усі́гди (usíhdy)

⇒ Belarusian: заўсёды (zaŭsjódy)

⇒ Ukrainian: за́всі́ди (závsídy), за́всі́гди́ (závsíhdý), завсю́ди (zavsjúdy), осі́гди (osíhdy)

Russian: всегда́ (vsegdá)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: възда (vǎzda)

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: вьсегда (vĭsegda)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сва̏гда, ва̏зда

Latin script: svȁgda, vȁzda

Slovene: vsègdar, vsîgdar, vazdar

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vešdy

Czech: vždy

desctree

Old Polish: wszegdy
Lesser Polish: wsegdy

Slovak: vždy

From *vьśь + *gъda (genitive singular of *godъ), literally "at all time".


vьśǫdu

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вьсѭду (vĭsjǫdu)

Belarusian: усю́ды (usjúdy)

Russian: всю́ду (vsjúdu)

desc

Ukrainian: всю́ди (vsjúdy), усю́ди (usjúdy)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: вьсѫду (vĭsǫdu)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⱐⱄⱘⰴⱆ (vĭsǫdu)

Bulgarian: навсъде́ (navsǎdé) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сву̀да

Latin script: svùda

Slovene: povsôdi

West Slavic:

Old Czech: všudy

Czech: všude

Old Polish: wszędy

Polish: wszędy

Old Slovak: všade

Pannonian Rusyn: вшадзи (všadzi)

Slovak: všade

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wšudźe

Lower Sorbian: wšudy, wšuźi


vьśako

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вьсакъ (vĭsakŭ)

Belarusian: уся́кі (usjáki)

Russian: вся́кий (vsjákij)

Ukrainian: вся́кий (vsjákyj), уся́кий (usjákyj)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: все́ки (vséki), всякак (vsjakak)

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: вьсакъ (vĭsakŭ), Old Cyrillic script: вьсѣкъ (vĭsěkŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сва̏к

Latin script: svȁk

Slovene: vsak

West Slavic:

Old Czech: všako

Czech: však

Old Polish: wszako

Polish: wszak

Slovak: však

From *vьśь; compare in particular Lithuanian visõks (“all kinds of”).


vьśamo

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вьсѣмо (vĭsěmo)

Russian: всям (vsjam)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: вьсѣмо (vĭsěmo)

Serbo-Croatian: svamo

West Slavic:

Old Czech: všamo


xvatati

xvatanьje (noun-from-verb)
xvatati (infinitive)
xvatatъ (supine)
xvatalъ (l-participle)
xvatanъ (participle passive past)
xvatajemъ (participle passive present)
xvatavъ (active participle past)
xvataję (active participle present)
xvataxъ (aorist first-person singular)
xvata (aorist second-person singular)
xvata (aorist singular third-person)
xvatajǫ (first-person present singular)
xvataješi (present second-person singular)
xvatajetь (present singular third-person)
xvataxově (aorist dual first-person)
xvatasta (aorist dual second-person)
xvataste (aorist dual third-person)
xvatajevě (dual first-person present)
xvatajeta (dual present second-person)
xvatajete (dual present third-person)
xvataxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
xvataste (aorist plural second-person)
xvatašę (aorist plural third-person)
xvatajemъ (first-person plural present)
xvatajete (plural present second-person)
xvatajǫtь (plural present third-person)
xvataaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
xvataaše (imperfect second-person singular)
xvataaše (imperfect singular third-person)
xvataji (imperative second-person singular)
xvataji (imperative singular third-person)
xvataaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
xvataašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
xvataašete (dual imperfect third-person)
xvatajivě (dual first-person imperative)
xvatajita (dual imperative second-person)
xvataaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
xvataašete (imperfect plural second-person)
xvataaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
xvatajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
xvatajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: хватити (xvatiti)

Belarusian: хвата́ць (xvatácʹ)

Russian: хвата́ть (xvatátʹ)

Ukrainian: хвата́ти (xvatáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: хватати (xvatati)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: хва́щам (hváštam) хва́тя (hvátja) (archaic, dialectal)

Macedonian: фа́ќа (fáḱa)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: хва̏тати

Latin script: hvȁtati

Slovene: hvátati

West Slavic:

Old Czech: chvátati

Czech: chvátat

Bohemian (Chod dialect): chvátat

Polish: chwatać, chwytać (mutual contamination with "chycić", current "chwycić")

Slovak: сhvátаť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: chwatać

Lower Sorbian: chwataś


polъ

pólъ (canonical masculine)
polъ (nominative singular)
pòla (dual nominative)
pòli (nominative plural)
pòla (genitive singular)
pòlu (dual genitive)
pòlъ (genitive plural)
pòlu (dative singular)
pòloma (dative dual)
pòlomъ (dative plural)
polъ (accusative singular)
pòla (accusative dual)
pòly (accusative plural)
pòlъmь (instrumental singular)
pòlomь (instrumental singular)
pòloma (dual instrumental)
pòlȳ (instrumental plural)
pòlě (locative singular)
pòlu (dual locative)
pòlě̄xъ (locative plural)
pòle (singular vocative)
pòla (dual vocative)
pòli (plural vocative)
polъ (nominative singular)
poly (dual nominative)
polove (nominative plural)
polu (genitive singular)
polovu (dual genitive)
polovъ (genitive plural)
polovi (dative singular)
polъma (dative dual)
polъmъ (dative plural)
polъ (accusative singular)
poly (accusative dual)
poly (accusative plural)
polъmь (instrumental singular)
polъma (dual instrumental)
polъmi (instrumental plural)
polu (locative singular)
polovu (dual locative)
polъxъ (locative plural)
polu (singular vocative)
poly (dual vocative)
polove (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: полъ (polŭ)

Belarusian: пол (pol)

Russian: пол (pol)

Ukrainian: пів (piv)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: полъ (polŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⱁⰾⱏ (polŭ)

Bulgarian: пол (pol)

Macedonian: пол (pol)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: по̑л, по̑

Latin script: pȏl, pȏ

Slovene: ро̑l

West Slavic:

Old Czech: pól
Czech: půl

desctree

Old Polish: pół, puł
Polish: pół
Silesian: pōł

Slovak: роl

Polabian: pöl

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: pół

Slovincian: pól

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: poł

Lower Sorbian: pół

Probably from Proto-Balto-Slavic, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pelH- (“to chop, to separate”). Compare Proto-Slavic *polъka, *polica (“shelf, file”); see Lithuanian spãlis (“flax boon; October”) for more potential cognates.

cog

member of a pair of options → gender, sex


polъ

pólъ (canonical masculine)
pȍlъ (nominative singular)
pȍla (dual nominative)
pȍli (nominative plural)
pȍla (genitive singular)
polù (dual genitive)
pòlъ (genitive plural)
pȍlu (dative singular)
polomà (dative dual)
polòmъ (dative plural)
pȍlъ (accusative singular)
pȍla (accusative dual)
pȍly (accusative plural)
pȍlъmь (instrumental singular)
pȍlomь (instrumental singular)
polomà (dual instrumental)
polý (instrumental plural)
pȍlě (locative singular)
polù (dual locative)
polě̃xъ (locative plural)
pole (singular vocative)
pȍla (dual vocative)
pȍli (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: пол (pol)

Russian: пол (pol)

Ukrainian: пол (pol)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: поли́ pl (polí, “fells, slopes (of mountain)”)

Either identical with Etymology 1 or from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to cover, to span, to fold”), *pleh₂- (“to flatten”). Compare Old Norse fjǫl (“board”).


šęga

šę̋ga (canonical feminine)
šęga (nominative singular)
šędzě (dual nominative)
šęgy (nominative plural)
šęgy (genitive singular)
šęgu (dual genitive)
šęgъ (genitive plural)
šędzě (dative singular)
šęgama (dative dual)
šęgamъ (dative plural)
šęgǫ (accusative singular)
šędzě (accusative dual)
šęgy (accusative plural)
šęgojǫ (instrumental singular)
šęgǫ (instrumental singular)
šęgama (dual instrumental)
šęgami (instrumental plural)
šędzě (locative singular)
šęgu (dual locative)
šęgasъ (locative plural)
šęgaxъ (locative plural)
šęgo (singular vocative)
šędzě (dual vocative)
šęgy (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: шѧга (šęga)

→ Russian: шега (šega)

Bulgarian: шега́ (šegá)

Macedonian: шега (šega)

Slovene: šẹ́ga (“disposition, cunning”)

From an earlier *xęga, attested mainly in South Slavic and from there spread into East Slavic. Probably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)keng- (“to tilt, to skew”) or perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ksen- (compare Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to scrape, to mow”), *ksew- (“to hinder”)).


věnьcь

věnь̀cь (canonical masculine)
*věnikъ (alternative)
*věnъkъ (alternative)
věnь̀cь (nominative singular)
věnьcà (dual nominative)
věnьcì (nominative plural)
věnьcà (genitive singular)
věnьcù (dual genitive)
věnь̀cь (genitive plural)
věnьcù (dative singular)
věnьcèma (dative dual)
věnь̀cemъ (dative plural)
věnь̀cь (accusative singular)
věnьcà (accusative dual)
věnьcę̇̀ (accusative plural)
věnьcь̀mь (instrumental singular)
věnьcèmь (instrumental singular)
věnьcèma (dual instrumental)
věnь̀ci (instrumental plural)
věnьcì (locative singular)
věnьcù (dual locative)
věnь̀cixъ (locative plural)
věnьče (singular vocative)
věnьcà (dual vocative)
věnьcì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вѣньць (věnĭcĭ)

desc

Old Ruthenian: вѣнець (věnecʹ) (Old Ukrainian), вѣнецъ (věnecʹ) (Old Belarusian)

Belarusian: вене́ц (vjenjéc)

Ukrainian: віне́ць (vinécʹ)

Russian: вене́ц (venéc)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: вѣньць (věnĭcĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⱑⱀⱐⱌⱐ (věnĭcĭ)

Bulgarian: вене́ц (venéc, “wreath; rim, oral gum”)

Macedonian: венец (venec)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ве́нац

Latin script: vénac

Slovene: vénəc (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: věnec

Czech: věnec

Bohemian (Chod dialect): věnec

Old Polish: wieniec

Polish: wieniec

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: wińc

Slovak: venec

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wěnc

Upper Sorbian: wěnc

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *waiˀníkas, from Proto-Indo-European *woyh₁níkos.
See also Lithuanian vainikas (“garland”), Latvian vainags (“crown, wreath”), vaîņuks (dialectal) (cognate with Proto-Slavic *věnъkъ).

Marko Snoj
be:Аркадзь Іосіфавіч Жураўскі
uk:Гринчишин Дмитро Григорович


pečěra

East Slavic:

Russian: печери́ца (pečeríca)

Ukrainian: печери́ця (pečerýcja)

South Slavic:

→ Slovene: pečárka

West Slavic:

Czech: pečárka

Polish: pieczarka

Slovak: pečiarka

Common East and West Slavic dialectal *pek- (“to bake, to roast”) + *-ēra. Compare South Slavic cognate *pečura.

edible agaric, champignon (mushroom consumed mainly roasted and dried)


pečara

South Slavic:

→ Slovene: pečárka

West Slavic:

Czech: pečárka

Slovak: pečiarka

Pannonian Rusyn: печарка (pečarka)

Polish: pieczarka

West Slavic phonetic variant of *pečěra.


-ьma

-ьma (nominative singular)
-ьmě (dual nominative)
-ьmy (nominative plural)
-ьmy (genitive singular)
-ьmu (dual genitive)
-ьmъ (genitive plural)
-ьmě (dative singular)
-ьmama (dative dual)
-ьmamъ (dative plural)
-ьmǫ (accusative singular)
-ьmě (accusative dual)
-ьmy (accusative plural)
-ьmojǫ (instrumental singular)
-ьmǫ (instrumental singular)
-ьmama (dual instrumental)
-ьmami (instrumental plural)
-ьmě (locative singular)
-ьmu (dual locative)
-ьmasъ (locative plural)
-ьmaxъ (locative plural)
-ьmo (singular vocative)
-ьmě (dual vocative)
-ьmy (plural vocative)

kъrčiti → *kъrčьma (“tavern”)

kùčati (“to bend, to bow”) → *kučьma (“crest”)

vě̀děti (“to foresee”) → *vě̀dьma (“witch”)

rъvàti (“to tear”) → *rьzьma (“escarp, slope”)


dъmuxati

dъmuxanьje (noun-from-verb)
dъmuxati (infinitive)
dъmuxatъ (supine)
dъmuxalъ (l-participle)
dъmuxanъ (participle passive past)
dъmuxajemъ (participle passive present)
dъmuxavъ (active participle past)
dъmuxaję (active participle present)
dъmuxaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dъmuxa (aorist second-person singular)
dъmuxa (aorist singular third-person)
dъmuxajǫ (first-person present singular)
dъmuxaješi (present second-person singular)
dъmuxajetь (present singular third-person)
dъmuxaxově (aorist dual first-person)
dъmuxasta (aorist dual second-person)
dъmuxaste (aorist dual third-person)
dъmuxajevě (dual first-person present)
dъmuxajeta (dual present second-person)
dъmuxajete (dual present third-person)
dъmuxaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dъmuxaste (aorist plural second-person)
dъmuxašę (aorist plural third-person)
dъmuxajemъ (first-person plural present)
dъmuxajete (plural present second-person)
dъmuxajǫtь (plural present third-person)
dъmuxaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dъmuxaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dъmuxaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dъmuxaji (imperative second-person singular)
dъmuxaji (imperative singular third-person)
dъmuxaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dъmuxaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dъmuxaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dъmuxajivě (dual first-person imperative)
dъmuxajita (dual imperative second-person)
dъmuxaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dъmuxaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dъmuxaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dъmuxajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dъmuxajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: дму́хаць (dmúxacʹ)

Russian: дму́хать (dmúxatʹ)

Ukrainian: дму́хати (dmúxaty)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dmýchati

Czech: dmýchat

Kashubian: dmùchac

Polish: dmuchać

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: dmuchaś

From *dъmuxъ + *-ati, possibly a conflation of *dǫti (“to blow, to inflate”) with *duxati (“to blow”). Limited to West and East Slavic.


vorbь

võrbь (canonical masculine)
võrbь (nominative singular)
vōrbì (dual nominative)
võrbьjē (nominative plural)
võrbi (genitive singular)
võrbьju (dual genitive)
vōrbь̀jь (genitive plural)
vōrbì (dative singular)
võrbьma (dative dual)
vōrbь̀mъ (dative plural)
võrbь (accusative singular)
vōrbì (accusative dual)
vōrbì (accusative plural)
vōrbь̀mь (instrumental singular)
võrbьma (dual instrumental)
võrbьmī (instrumental plural)
võrbi (locative singular)
võrbьju (dual locative)
vōrbь̀xъ (locative plural)
vorbi (singular vocative)
vōrbì (dual vocative)
võrbьjē (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Middle Ukrainian: воробѧ́ n (vorobjá, “sparrow”) (< *võrbь + *-ę)

Ukrainian: гороб'я́ n (horobʺjá); вороб'я́ n (vorobʺjá) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wrobl

→ Romanian: vrabie

→ Hungarian: veréb

Either of onomatopoeic origin from the same root as Proto-Slavic *verva (“fuss, noise”), *verskъ (“scream”) or probably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)werbʰ- (“to peck, to scratch”), akin to Lithuanian žvi̇̀rblis (“sparrow”) , Latvian zvirbulis (“sparrow”), virblis (“eagle”) (dialectal). If correct, the Baltic forms would reflect the s-mobile form of the root.

der

uk:Гринчишин Дмитро Григорович


vorbьjь

vorbь̀jь (canonical masculine)
vorbь̀jь (nominative singular)
vorbьjà (dual nominative)
vorbьjì (nominative plural)
vorbьjà (genitive singular)
vorbьjù (dual genitive)
vorbь̀jь (genitive plural)
vorbьjù (dative singular)
vorbьjèma (dative dual)
vorbь̀jemъ (dative plural)
vorbь̀jь (accusative singular)
vorbьjà (accusative dual)
vorbьję̇̀ (accusative plural)
vorbьjь̀mь (instrumental singular)
vorbьjèmь (instrumental singular)
vorbьjèma (dual instrumental)
vorbь̀ji (instrumental plural)
vorbьjì (locative singular)
vorbьjù (dual locative)
vorbь̀jixъ (locative plural)
vorbьju (singular vocative)
vorbьjà (dual vocative)
vorbьjì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: вороби́и (vorobíi), вереби́и (verebíi)

Middle Belarusian: воробе́й (vorobéj)

Belarusian: веребе́й (vjerjebjéj)

⇒ Belarusian: воро́бчык (voróbčyk)

Russian: воробе́й (vorobéj); веребе́й (verebéj) (dialectal); Воробей (Vorobej) (surname)

⇒ Middle Russian: Воробьевъ (Vorobʹjev) (surname)

Russian: Воробьёв (Vorobʹjóv) (surname)

Middle Ukrainian: воробе́й (vorobéj), воробїй (vorobyj); Воробеи (Vorobey, “surname”)

Ukrainian: горобе́й (horobéj), воробе́й (vorobéj), веребе́й (verebéj) (dialectal); шворобéй (švorobéj), шворабéй (švorabéj), шорабéй (šorabéj), шурабéй (šurabéj) (Polesian dialects)

⇒ Ukrainian: оробе́йко (orobéjko) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: врабии (vrabii)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⱃⰰⰱⰺⰺ (vrabii)

Bulgarian: врабе́й (vrabéj) (dated, formal)


vorbьcь

vorbь̀cь (canonical masculine)
vorbь̀cь (nominative singular)
vorbьcà (dual nominative)
vorbьcì (nominative plural)
vorbьcà (genitive singular)
vorbьcù (dual genitive)
vorbь̀cь (genitive plural)
vorbьcù (dative singular)
vorbьcèma (dative dual)
vorbь̀cemъ (dative plural)
vorbь̀cь (accusative singular)
vorbьcà (accusative dual)
vorbьcę̇̀ (accusative plural)
vorbьcь̀mь (instrumental singular)
vorbьcèmь (instrumental singular)
vorbьcèma (dual instrumental)
vorbь̀ci (instrumental plural)
vorbьcì (locative singular)
vorbьcù (dual locative)
vorbь̀cixъ (locative plural)
vorbьče (singular vocative)
vorbьcà (dual vocative)
vorbьcì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: воробéц (vorobéc) (dialectal)

Middle Ukrainian: воробе́цъ (vorobécʹ); Воробе́цъ (Vorobécʹ) (surname)

Ukrainian: горобе́ць (horobécʹ); воробе́ць (vorobécʹ), оробе́ць (orobécʹ), веребе́ц (verebéc) (dialectal); гворобе́ць (hvorobécʹ) (dated, dialectal)

→ Russian: горобе́ц (gorobéc) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: врабьць (vrabĭcĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⱃⰰⰱⱐⱌⱐ (vrabĭcĭ)

Bulgarian: врабе́ц (vrabéc), врабче́ (vrabčé)

Macedonian: врабец (vrabec)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: вра́бац

Latin script: vrábac

Slovene: vrábəc

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vrabec

Czech: vrabec

Bohemian (Chod dialect): brabec

Slovak: vrabec

Marko Snoj
uk:Гринчишин Дмитро Григорович


vorbьľь

vorbь̀ľь (canonical masculine)
vorbь̀ľь (nominative singular)
vorbьľà (dual nominative)
vorbьľì (nominative plural)
vorbьľà (genitive singular)
vorbьľù (dual genitive)
vorbь̀ľь (genitive plural)
vorbьľù (dative singular)
vorbьľèma (dative dual)
vorbь̀ľemъ (dative plural)
vorbь̀ľь (accusative singular)
vorbьľà (accusative dual)
vorbьľę̇̀ (accusative plural)
vorbьľь̀mь (instrumental singular)
vorbьľèmь (instrumental singular)
vorbьľèma (dual instrumental)
vorbь̀ľi (instrumental plural)
vorbьľì (locative singular)
vorbьľù (dual locative)
vorbь̀ľixъ (locative plural)
vorbьľu (singular vocative)
vorbьľà (dual vocative)
vorbьľì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: ворабе́ль (vorabélʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: врабец (vrabec); врабче (vrabče)

Slovene: vrábelj (dialectal)

→ Albanian: harabel

West Slavic:

Czech: vrabel (dialectal)

Kashubian: warbel

Polabian: vorble pl

Old Polish: wrobl; Wróblew (toponym)

Polish: wróbel

→ Russian: Вру́бель (Vrúbelʹ) (surname)

→⇒ Ukrainian: вру́блик (vrúblyk) (diminutive, dialectal)

Slovak: vrábel, vrábeľ (dialectal)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wrobel

Upper Sorbian: wrobl; rόbl (dialectal)


osъtъ

osъtъ (nominative singular)
osъta (dual nominative)
osъti (nominative plural)
osъta (genitive singular)
osъtu (dual genitive)
osъtъ (genitive plural)
osъtu (dative singular)
osъtoma (dative dual)
osъtomъ (dative plural)
osъtъ (accusative singular)
osъta (accusative dual)
osъty (accusative plural)
osъtъmь (instrumental singular)
osъtomь (instrumental singular)
osъtoma (dual instrumental)
osъty (instrumental plural)
osъtě (locative singular)
osъtu (dual locative)
osъtěxъ (locative plural)
osъte (singular vocative)
osъta (dual vocative)
osъti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: осътъ (osŭtŭ)

Belarusian: асо́т (asót), dialectally асо́та (asóta), асата́ (asatá), асіта́ (asitá)

Russian: осо́т (osót), pre-1918 осо́тъ (osót), dialectally осо́ть (osótʹ), осо́та (osóta), осота́ (osotá) (but these are contaminated with осо́ка́ (osóká, “sedge”))

Ukrainian: осо́т (osót), dialectally осе́т (osét)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: осътъ (osŭtŭ), осьтъ (osĭtŭ), осотъ (osotŭ)

Bulgarian: осъ́т (osǎ́t), pre-1945 осъ́тъ (osǎ́t), осѫ́тъ (osǫ́t)

Macedonian: осат (osat)

Serbo-Croatian: òsat, but this seems extinct and is continued by ȍsjāk from ȏsje (“hair”)

Slovene: osȃt, dialectally ọ́sət, ọ́cət

West Slavic:

Kashubian: òct

Old Czech: oset

Czech: oset, voset

Old Polish: oset

Polish: oset

Silesian: ôset

Old Slovak: oset

Slovak: oset, osit (dialectal)

⇒ Polabian: våsăc

Slovincian: wôc

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: woset, wóset

Upper Sorbian: wóst

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: aszat

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *aśutas, cognate to Lithuanian ãšutas (“hair of a horse’s tail or mane”). A derivation from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂eḱ- (“sharp, pointed”), which is here notably also present in Proto-Slavic *ostь, *ostъ (“awn; fish bone; axletree”), Lithuanian aksti̇̀s (“prick, thorn”), Latvian āksts (“prick, thorn”), Latvian aste (“tail”).

cog

a kind of thistle; or perhaps thistle in general as vaguely as the English


sьčava

sьčava (nominative singular)
sьčavě (dual nominative)
sьčavy (nominative plural)
sьčavy (genitive singular)
sьčavu (dual genitive)
sьčavъ (genitive plural)
sьčavě (dative singular)
sьčavama (dative dual)
sьčavamъ (dative plural)
sьčavǫ (accusative singular)
sьčavě (accusative dual)
sьčavy (accusative plural)
sьčavojǫ (instrumental singular)
sьčavǫ (instrumental singular)
sьčavama (dual instrumental)
sьčavami (instrumental plural)
sьčavě (locative singular)
sьčavu (dual locative)
sьčavasъ (locative plural)
sьčavaxъ (locative plural)
sьčavo (singular vocative)
sьčavě (dual vocative)
sьčavy (plural vocative)
*sьčavъ (alternative)
*sьčavь (alternative)
*sьčavьjь (alternative)
*sьčьjь (alternative)
*sьčavьľь (alternative)
*sьčaľь (alternative)
*sьčakъ (alternative)
*sьčavьje (alternative)
*sьčaga (alternative)
*sьčagъľь (alternative)
*sьčavina (alternative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: шча́ўе (ščáŭje, “sorrel”); шчаў (ščaŭ), шчагу́н (ščahún) (dialectal)

Russian: ща́ве́ль (ščávélʹ, “sorrel”); щаве́й (ščavéj) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: щаве́ль (ščavélʹ, “sorrel”); ща́ва́ (ščává), щаве́й (ščavéj), щаві́й (ščavíj), ща́вка (ščávka), щаву́х (ščavúx), щав'я́н (ščavʺján), ща́ва́ (ščává, “also means a kind of sour liquid for preparing clothes for dyeing and sour mineral water”) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

desc

Old Cyrillic script: щавъ m (štavŭ, “sorrel”)

Glagolitic script: ⱋⰰⰲⱏ m (štavŭ, “sorrel”)

Bulgarian: ща́ва (štáva, “tanning liquor, tanning acid”), also щавина (štavina, “sorrel”) in this meaning, щаве́л (štavél, “sorrel”), and ще́ва (štéva) is an unidentified kind of poisonous plant

Macedonian: штава (štava, “tanning liquor”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: štȁva, štȁvina (“tanning liquor”) (archaic, regional), štávalj, štávelj; štav, štavje, ščavje, šćavlje, štavlje, štavlja, štavljak, staglina, šavje (“sorrel”) (dialectal)

Cyrillic script: шта̏ва, шта̏вина (“tanning liquor”) (archaic, regional), шта́ваљ, шта́вељ; штав, штавје, шчавје, шћавље, штавље, штавља, штављак, стаглина, шавје (“sorrel”) (dialectal)

Slovene: ščȃv, ščávje (“sorrel”), ščáva (“sorrel; swill, slops, pig fodder”), ščávəlj (“sorrel”), ščȃvje (“sorrel”)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: ščáva

Czech: šťáva (“sap, juice, gravy”), also šťava, šťavina in this meaning, šťavel (“oxalis”), šťovík (“sorrel”)

Old Polish: szczaw

Polish: szczaw (“sorrel”) of which the genitive is soft szczawiu, szczawa (“sour natural mineral water”), szczawik (“sorrel; oxalis”), szczal, szczagiel, szczój (“sorrel”), szczel (“urine”)

Slovak: šťáva, šťava (“sap, juice”), štiava (“sap; sorrel”), šťav, štiav, štiaľ, ščav (“sorrel”) (dialectal)

→ Hungarian: csáva (“tanning liquor”)

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: szczôw, szczawa (“sorrel”)

Slovincian: szczawa (“whey; sorrel”)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: šćaw (“sorrel”)

Upper Sorbian: šćehel (“sorrel”)

From *sьkati, *sьcati (“to piss”), because one tanned with urine, + *-ava.

щавьнь (15-17ᵗʰ cent.)

Old East Slavic: щавьныи (ščavĭnyi, “sour”)

juice from any plant under the condition that it is somehow pungent


sьčavь

sьčavь (nominative singular)
sьčavi (dual nominative)
sьčavьje (nominative plural)
sьčavľe (nominative plural)
sьčavi (genitive singular)
sьčavьju (dual genitive)
sьčavľu (dual genitive)
sьčavьjь (genitive plural)
sьčavi (genitive plural)
sьčavi (dative singular)
sьčavьma (dative dual)
sьčavьmъ (dative plural)
sьčavь (accusative singular)
sьčavi (accusative dual)
sьčavi (accusative plural)
sьčavьmь (instrumental singular)
sьčavьma (dual instrumental)
sьčavьmi (instrumental plural)
sьčavi (locative singular)
sьčavьju (dual locative)
sьčavľu (dual locative)
sьčavьxъ (locative plural)
sьčavi (singular vocative)
sьčavi (dual vocative)
sьčavьje (plural vocative)
sьčavľe (plural vocative)


sьčavъ

sьčavъ (nominative singular)
sьčava (dual nominative)
sьčavi (nominative plural)
sьčava (genitive singular)
sьčavu (dual genitive)
sьčavъ (genitive plural)
sьčavu (dative singular)
sьčavoma (dative dual)
sьčavomъ (dative plural)
sьčavъ (accusative singular)
sьčava (accusative dual)
sьčavy (accusative plural)
sьčavъmь (instrumental singular)
sьčavomь (instrumental singular)
sьčavoma (dual instrumental)
sьčavy (instrumental plural)
sьčavě (locative singular)
sьčavu (dual locative)
sьčavěxъ (locative plural)
sьčave (singular vocative)
sьčava (dual vocative)
sьčavi (plural vocative)


ǫbьlъ

ǫbьlъ (nominative singular)
ǫbьla (dual nominative)
ǫbьli (nominative plural)
ǫbьla (genitive singular)
ǫbьlu (dual genitive)
ǫbьlъ (genitive plural)
ǫbьlu (dative singular)
ǫbьloma (dative dual)
ǫbьlomъ (dative plural)
ǫbьlъ (accusative singular)
ǫbьla (accusative dual)
ǫbьly (accusative plural)
ǫbьlъmь (instrumental singular)
ǫbьlomь (instrumental singular)
ǫbьloma (dual instrumental)
ǫbьly (instrumental plural)
ǫbьlě (locative singular)
ǫbьlu (dual locative)
ǫbьlěxъ (locative plural)
ǫbьle (singular vocative)
ǫbьla (dual vocative)
ǫbьli (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ꙋболъ (ubolŭ, “street, pass”) (possibly)

Russian: убол (ubol)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: ѫбьлъ (ǫbĭlŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱘⰱⱐⰾⱏ (ǫbĭlŭ)

Bulgarian: въ́бел (vǎ́bel), въ́мбел (vǎ́mbel), во́бел (vóbel) (dialectal)

Macedonian: јабел (jabel) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: у̏бао

Latin script: ȕbao

West Slavic:

Polabian: wûmbâl

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ámb(i)las, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₃en- (“to rake”), *h₃embʰ- (“to pivot, to hub”) (whence Latin umbō (“shield hub”)). Two kinds of suffixes are attested:
* *-ьlъ in Old Church Slavonic and Serbo-Croatian. Similar to semantically related Proto-Slavic *kъbьlъ, *bъkъlъ (“bucket, pail”).
* *-elъ in Bulgarian, Macedonian and Polabian. Similar to Proto-Slavic *stubelъ (“feeding trough”).
Traditionally compared (per Miklošič) with Armenian ամպ (amp, “cloud”), Ancient Greek ὄμβρος (ómbros, “rain, rainwater”), Sanskrit अम्बु (ambu, “water”), Latin imber (“rain, storm”), at least some of which from Proto-Indo-European *n̥bʰrós (“nebular”).
Old East Slavic meaning probably influenced (via intermediate Old East Slavic амболъ (ambolŭ, “portico”)) by unrelated Ancient Greek ἔμβολος (émbolos, “portico”).


męčь

mę̃čь (nominative singular)
mę̄čà (dual nominative)
mę̄čì (nominative plural)
mę̄čà (genitive singular)
mę̄čù (dual genitive)
mę̃čь (genitive plural)
mę̄čù (dative singular)
mę̄čèma (dative dual)
mę̃čemъ (dative plural)
mę̃čь (accusative singular)
mę̄čà (accusative dual)
mę̄čę̇̀ (accusative plural)
mę̄čь̀mь (instrumental singular)
mę̄čèmь (instrumental singular)
mę̄čèma (dual instrumental)
mę̃či (instrumental plural)
mę̄čì (locative singular)
mę̄čù (dual locative)
mę̃čixъ (locative plural)
męču (singular vocative)
mę̄čà (dual vocative)
mę̄čì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: мяч (mjač)

Russian: мяч (mjač)

Ukrainian: м'яч (mʺjač)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: меч (meč), ме́чка (méčka, “soft bun or loaf of bread”) (dialectal)

Slovene: mẹ̑č (tonal orthography) (obsolete)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mieč

Czech: míč

Bohemian (Chod dialect): mlíć

→ Old Polish: miecz

Old Polish: mięcz

Polabian: mąc

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: minge

Resultant noun from *męčati (“to squash, to knead”) + *-jь. See *mękъkъ (“soft, mushy”) for more.


bľuščь

bľuščь (nominative singular)
bľušči (dual nominative)
bľuščьje (nominative plural)
bľušči (genitive singular)
bľuščьju (dual genitive)
bľuščьjь (genitive plural)
bľušči (dative singular)
bľuščьma (dative dual)
bľuščьmъ (dative plural)
bľuščь (accusative singular)
bľušči (accusative dual)
bľušči (accusative plural)
bľuščьmь (instrumental singular)
bľuščьma (dual instrumental)
bľuščьmi (instrumental plural)
bľušči (locative singular)
bľuščьju (dual locative)
bľuščьxъ (locative plural)
bľušči (singular vocative)
bľušči (dual vocative)
bľuščьje (plural vocative)
bľuščь (nominative singular)
bľušča (dual nominative)
bľušči (nominative plural)
bľušča (genitive singular)
bľušču (dual genitive)
bľuščь (genitive plural)
bľušču (dative singular)
bľuščema (dative dual)
bľuščemъ (dative plural)
bľuščь (accusative singular)
bľušča (accusative dual)
bľuščę̇ (accusative plural)
bľuščьmь (instrumental singular)
bľuščemь (instrumental singular)
bľuščema (dual instrumental)
bľušči (instrumental plural)
bľušči (locative singular)
bľušču (dual locative)
bľuščixъ (locative plural)
bľušču (singular vocative)
bľušča (dual vocative)
bľušči (plural vocative)
*bľuščьcь (alternative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: блюшч (bljušč), oftener плюшч (pljušč)

Russian: блющ (bljušč), but now плющ (pljušč, “ivy”)

Ukrainian: блющ (bljušč, “ivy”), dialectally also плющ (pljušč)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: блюшть (bljuštĭ, “ivy”)

Bulgarian: блюш (bljuš), плюш (pljuš, “common hop”) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Štokavian: bljȗšt (“black bryony; saliva preceding vomit”), and also current in parts of Dalmatia and Istra as blúšć (“black bryony”)

Chakavian Serbo-Croatian: bljušč (“black bryony”)

Kajkavian Serbo-Croatian: bljušč (“black bryony”)

Slovene: bljúšč (“ivy; black bryony; white bryony”)

⇒ Slovene: bljúščəc (“bryony”)

West Slavic:

extinct except in idioms, one now uses <i class="Latn mention" lang="cs">břečťan</i>

Czech: (extinct except in idioms, one now uses břečťan) blúšč, blúšt

Polabian: pľaust

desctree

Old Polish: bluszcz
Polish: bluszcz, blusc (“bean”) (Podhale)
Silesian: bluszcz

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: bluszcz

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: blušć, blišć

Upper Sorbian: blušć

From *bľьvati (“to puke”) due to the reaction of man’s gastrointestinal system on its consumption or due to the ivy’s way of distribution. A theory that it is from the Old High German descendant of Proto-Germanic *blōstaz (“blossoming”) – which is in German Blust and in the rest of Proto-Germanic got expanded to *blōstmô – is reproofed because it is unlikely that a foreign word for “blossom” got borrowed for a plant which has hardly noticeable flowers. The similarity to Old Prussian bleusky (“rush”) is also most likely coincidental.
Fenwick 2016 proposes a derivation from a Proto-Indo-European *m̥h₂l-éw-sk-yo, a suffixed derivation of a neuter u-stem *móh₂lu, whence (following her) Ancient Greek μῶλυ (môlu, “moly”) as well as a wide range of IE phytonyms, including both well-known IE words for ‘apple’ and the Sanskrit terms for ‘mango’ and ‘tamarind’ hail.

bryony (Dioscorea communis and Bryonia spp.)

Humulus lupulus
Humulus lupulus#Translingual


otrǫba

ȍtrǫba (canonical feminine)
*otrǫbъ (alternative)
*otrǫbь (alternative)
otrǫba (nominative singular)
otrǫbě (dual nominative)
otrǫby (nominative plural)
otrǫby (genitive singular)
otrǫbu (dual genitive)
otrǫbъ (genitive plural)
otrǫbě (dative singular)
otrǫbama (dative dual)
otrǫbamъ (dative plural)
otrǫbǫ (accusative singular)
otrǫbě (accusative dual)
otrǫby (accusative plural)
otrǫbojǫ (instrumental singular)
otrǫbǫ (instrumental singular)
otrǫbama (dual instrumental)
otrǫbami (instrumental plural)
otrǫbě (locative singular)
otrǫbu (dual locative)
otrǫbasъ (locative plural)
otrǫbaxъ (locative plural)
otrǫbo (singular vocative)
otrǫbě (dual vocative)
otrǫby (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: во́труб'е pl (vótrubʺje)

Russian: о́труби pl (ótrubi) (plurale tantum)

Ukrainian: о́труби pl (ótruby)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: отрѫби pl (otrǫbi)

Slovene: otrób sg (rare), otrọ̑bi pl

West Slavic:

Old Czech: otruba

Czech: otruba sg, otruby pl

Polish: otręby pl

Slovak: otruby pl

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wotruby pl

Lower Sorbian: wótšuby pl

Deverbial from *otrǫbati (< *ot- + *rǫbati), *otrǫbiti (< *ot- + *rǫbiti) + *-a, originally referring to “something pared”.

(usually in the plural) bran (outer layers of cereal grain)


gavornъ

gàvornъ (canonical masculine)
*gajьvornъ (alternative)
*kavornъ (alternative)
gavornъ (nominative singular)
gavorna (dual nominative)
gavorni (nominative plural)
gavorna (genitive singular)
gavornu (dual genitive)
gavornъ (genitive plural)
gavornu (dative singular)
gavornoma (dative dual)
gavornomъ (dative plural)
gavornъ (accusative singular)
gavorna (accusative dual)
gavorny (accusative plural)
gavornъmь (instrumental singular)
gavornomь (instrumental singular)
gavornoma (dual instrumental)
gavorny (instrumental plural)
gavorně (locative singular)
gavornu (dual locative)
gavorněxъ (locative plural)
gavorne (singular vocative)
gavorna (dual vocative)
gavorni (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: га́рван (gárvan), га́вран (gávran) (Western dialects)

Macedonian: гавран (gavran)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: га̏вра̄н, ка̏вра̄н

Latin script: gȁvrān, kȁvrān

Slovene: gavrȃn, kȃvran

West Slavic:

Old Czech: havran

Czech: havran

Polish: gawron

Slovak: havran

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: karwona, karona, garona

Upper Sorbian: hawron

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gā́ˀiwarnas from ga! or *gajь + *vornъ.


xǫtь

xǫtь (nominative singular)
xǫti (dual nominative)
xǫti (nominative plural)
xǫti (genitive singular)
xǫtьju (dual genitive)
xǫtьjь (genitive plural)
xǫti (dative singular)
xǫtьma (dative dual)
xǫtьmъ (dative plural)
xǫtь (accusative singular)
xǫti (accusative dual)
xǫti (accusative plural)
xǫtьjǫ (instrumental singular)
xǫtьma (dual instrumental)
xǫtьmi (instrumental plural)
xǫti (locative singular)
xǫtьju (dual locative)
xǫtьxъ (locative plural)
xǫti (singular vocative)
xǫti (dual vocative)
xǫti (plural vocative)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: chut

Czech: chuť

Kashubian: chãc

Polish: chęć, chuć

Silesian: chyńć

Slovak: chuť


dъxořь

dъxořь (nominative singular)
dъxořa (dual nominative)
dъxoři (nominative plural)
dъxořa (genitive singular)
dъxořu (dual genitive)
dъxořь (genitive plural)
dъxořu (dative singular)
dъxořema (dative dual)
dъxořemъ (dative plural)
dъxořь (accusative singular)
dъxořa (accusative dual)
dъxořę̇ (accusative plural)
dъxořьmь (instrumental singular)
dъxořemь (instrumental singular)
dъxořema (dual instrumental)
dъxoři (instrumental plural)
dъxoři (locative singular)
dъxořu (dual locative)
dъxořixъ (locative plural)
dъxořu (singular vocative)
dъxořa (dual vocative)
dъxoři (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дъхорь (dŭxorĭ)

Old Ruthenian: тхоръ (txor)

Belarusian: тхор (txor)

Ukrainian: тхір (txir), хір (xir)

desc

Middle Russian: тхорь (txorʹ), дохорь (doxorʹ)

Russian: хорь (xorʹ), тхорь (txorʹ), дохо́рь (doxórʹ), дхор (dxor), тхор (txor)

South Slavic:

Macedonian: твор (tvor)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тво̑р

Latin script: tvȏr

Slovene: dihur

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dchoř

Czech: tchoř

Moravian (Mistřice): schoř

Old Polish: tchórz, tórz

Polish: tchórz, twórz, tfórz

Slovak: tchor

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: tchór

Lower Sorbian: twóŕ

Non-Slavic:

→ Armenian: թոխոր (tʻoxor)

→ Armeno-Kipchak: դխոր (tχor)

→ Latvian: dukurs

→ German: Ducker

→ Finnish: tuhkuri

→ Estonian: tuhkur

→ Romanian: dihor

By surface analysis, *dъxъ (“whiff”) + *-ořь (“-er”). Named after its foul-smelling secretion.


ščupati

ščupnǫti (perfective)
ščupanьje (noun-from-verb)
ščupati (infinitive)
ščupatъ (supine)
ščupalъ (l-participle)
ščupanъ (participle passive past)
ščupajemъ (participle passive present)
ščupavъ (active participle past)
ščupaję (active participle present)
ščupaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
ščupa (aorist second-person singular)
ščupa (aorist singular third-person)
ščupajǫ (first-person present singular)
ščupaješi (present second-person singular)
ščupajetь (present singular third-person)
ščupaxově (aorist dual first-person)
ščupasta (aorist dual second-person)
ščupaste (aorist dual third-person)
ščupajevě (dual first-person present)
ščupajeta (dual present second-person)
ščupajete (dual present third-person)
ščupaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
ščupaste (aorist plural second-person)
ščupašę (aorist plural third-person)
ščupajemъ (first-person plural present)
ščupajete (plural present second-person)
ščupajǫtь (plural present third-person)
ščupaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
ščupaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
ščupaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
ščupaji (imperative second-person singular)
ščupaji (imperative singular third-person)
ščupaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
ščupaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
ščupaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
ščupajivě (dual first-person imperative)
ščupajita (dual imperative second-person)
ščupaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
ščupaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
ščupaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
ščupajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
ščupajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: щюпати (ščjupati)

Belarusian: шчу́паць (ščúpacʹ)

Russian: щу́пать (ščúpatʹ)

desc

Ukrainian: щу́пати (ščúpaty), щю́пати (ščjúpaty)

West Slavic:

Masovian Polish: szczupać

By surface analysis, *ščupъ (“dipstick”) + *-ati, with further origin uncertain. Possibly akin to Sanskrit छुपति (chupati, “to touch”), from Proto-Indo-European *skewp-.


ščuplъ

ščuplъ (masculine nominative singular)
ščupla (feminine nominative singular)
ščuplo (neuter nominative singular)
ščupla (genitive masculine singular)
ščuply (feminine genitive singular)
ščupla (genitive neuter singular)
ščuplu (dative masculine singular)
ščuplě (dative feminine singular)
ščuplu (dative neuter singular)
ščuplъ (accusative masculine singular)
ščuplǫ (accusative feminine singular)
ščuplo (accusative neuter singular)
ščuplomь (instrumental masculine singular)
ščuplojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
ščuplomь (instrumental neuter singular)
ščuplě (locative masculine singular)
ščuplě (feminine locative singular)
ščuplě (locative neuter singular)
ščuple (masculine singular vocative)
ščuplo (feminine singular vocative)
ščuplo (neuter singular vocative)
ščupla (dual masculine nominative)
ščuplě (dual feminine nominative)
ščuplě (dual neuter nominative)
ščuplu (dual genitive masculine)
ščuplu (dual feminine genitive)
ščuplu (dual genitive neuter)
ščuploma (dative dual masculine)
ščuplama (dative dual feminine)
ščuploma (dative dual neuter)
ščupla (accusative dual masculine)
ščuplě (accusative dual feminine)
ščuplě (accusative dual neuter)
ščuploma (dual instrumental masculine)
ščuplama (dual feminine instrumental)
ščuploma (dual instrumental neuter)
ščuplu (dual locative masculine)
ščuplu (dual feminine locative)
ščuplu (dual locative neuter)
ščupla (dual masculine vocative)
ščuplě (dual feminine vocative)
ščuplě (dual neuter vocative)
ščupli (masculine nominative plural)
ščuply (feminine nominative plural)
ščupla (neuter nominative plural)
ščuplъ (genitive masculine plural)
ščuplъ (feminine genitive plural)
ščuplъ (genitive neuter plural)
ščuplomъ (dative masculine plural)
ščuplamъ (dative feminine plural)
ščuplomъ (dative neuter plural)
ščuply (accusative masculine plural)
ščuply (accusative feminine plural)
ščupla (accusative neuter plural)
ščuply (instrumental masculine plural)
ščuplami (feminine instrumental plural)
ščuply (instrumental neuter plural)
ščuplěxъ (locative masculine plural)
ščuplaxъ (feminine locative plural)
ščuplěxъ (locative neuter plural)
ščupli (masculine plural vocative)
ščuply (feminine plural vocative)
ščupla (neuter plural vocative)
ščuplъjь (masculine nominative singular)
ščuplaja (feminine nominative singular)
ščuploje (neuter nominative singular)
ščuplajego (genitive masculine singular)
ščuplyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
ščuplajego (genitive neuter singular)
ščuplujemu (dative masculine singular)
ščuplěji (dative feminine singular)
ščuplujemu (dative neuter singular)
ščuplъjь (accusative masculine singular)
ščuplǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
ščuploje (accusative neuter singular)
ščuplyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
ščuplǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
ščuplyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
ščuplějemь (locative masculine singular)
ščuplěji (feminine locative singular)
ščuplějemь (locative neuter singular)
ščuplъjь (masculine singular vocative)
ščuplaja (feminine singular vocative)
ščuploje (neuter singular vocative)
ščuplaja (dual masculine nominative)
ščuplěji (dual feminine nominative)
ščuplěji (dual neuter nominative)
ščupluju (dual genitive masculine)
ščupluju (dual feminine genitive)
ščupluju (dual genitive neuter)
ščuplyjima (dative dual masculine)
ščuplyjima (dative dual feminine)
ščuplyjima (dative dual neuter)
ščuplaja (accusative dual masculine)
ščuplěji (accusative dual feminine)
ščuplěji (accusative dual neuter)
ščuplyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
ščuplyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
ščuplyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
ščupluju (dual locative masculine)
ščupluju (dual feminine locative)
ščupluju (dual locative neuter)
ščuplaja (dual masculine vocative)
ščuplěji (dual feminine vocative)
ščuplěji (dual neuter vocative)
ščupliji (masculine nominative plural)
ščuplyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
ščuplaja (neuter nominative plural)
ščuplъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
ščuplъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
ščuplъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
ščuplyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
ščuplyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
ščuplyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
ščuplyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
ščuplyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
ščuplaja (accusative neuter plural)
ščuplyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
ščuplyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
ščuplyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
ščuplyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
ščuplyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
ščuplyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
ščupliji (masculine plural vocative)
ščuplyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
ščuplaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: щуплъ (ščuplŭ)

Belarusian: шчу́плы (ščúply)

Russian: щу́плый (ščúplyj)

Ukrainian: щу́плий (ščúplyj)

⇒ Ukrainian: щупля́вий (ščupljávyj)

West Slavic:

Czech: štíplý

Polish: szczupły

Slovak: šťúply

Fossilized participle of *ščupati + *-lъ.

(in West Slavic, figurative) thin, slender

(in East Slavic, figurative) puny, sickly


radostь

radostь (nominative singular)
radosti (dual nominative)
radosti (nominative plural)
radosti (genitive singular)
radostьju (dual genitive)
radostьjь (genitive plural)
radosti (dative singular)
radostьma (dative dual)
radostьmъ (dative plural)
radostь (accusative singular)
radosti (accusative dual)
radosti (accusative plural)
radostьjǫ (instrumental singular)
radostьma (dual instrumental)
radostьmi (instrumental plural)
radosti (locative singular)
radostьju (dual locative)
radostьxъ (locative plural)
radosti (singular vocative)
radosti (dual vocative)
radosti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: радость (radostĭ)

Middle Belarusian: радость (radostʹ)

Belarusian: ра́дасць (rádascʹ)

Russian: ра́дость (rádostʹ)

Ukrainian: ра́дість (rádistʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: радость (radostĭ)

Bulgarian: ра́дост (rádost)

Macedonian: радост (radost)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ра̏до̄ст

Latin script: rȁdōst

Slovene: radọ̑st (tonal orthography), rádost

West Slavic:

Old Czech: radost

Czech: radost

Polabian: rådüst

Polish: radość

Old Slovak: radosť

Pannonian Rusyn: радосц (radosc)

Slovak: radosť

From *radъ (“happy, glad”) + *-ostь (“-ness”).


prostorъ

prostòrъ (canonical masculine)
prostorъ (nominative singular)
prostora (dual nominative)
prostori (nominative plural)
prostora (genitive singular)
prostoru (dual genitive)
prostorъ (genitive plural)
prostoru (dative singular)
prostoroma (dative dual)
prostoromъ (dative plural)
prostorъ (accusative singular)
prostora (accusative dual)
prostory (accusative plural)
prostorъmь (instrumental singular)
prostoromь (instrumental singular)
prostoroma (dual instrumental)
prostory (instrumental plural)
prostorě (locative singular)
prostoru (dual locative)
prostorěxъ (locative plural)
prostore (singular vocative)
prostora (dual vocative)
prostori (plural vocative)
*perstorъ (alternative)
*prostora (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

Belarusian: прасто́ра (prastóra)

Russian: просто́р (prostór)

Ukrainian: про́стір (próstir)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: просторъ (prostorŭ)

Glagolitic: ⱂⱃⱁⱄⱅⱁⱃⱛ (prostorü)

Bulgarian: просто́р (prostór)

Macedonian: простор (prostor)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: про́стор

Latin: próstor

Slovene: próstor (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: prostor

Polabian: prăstöră

Old Polish: przestór

Polish: przestwór

Old Slovak: priestor, prôstor

Pannonian Rusyn: простор (prostor)

Slovak: priestor

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: přesćera

Lower Sorbian: pśestwor

Deverbal from *prosterti, from Proto-Indo-European *pro-sterh₃-, from Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃-. Cognate with Sanskrit प्रस्तार (prastāra, “measure, permutation”).


trudъ

trũdъ (canonical masculine)
trũdъ (nominative singular)
trūdà (dual nominative)
trūdì (nominative plural)
trūdà (genitive singular)
trūdù (dual genitive)
trũdъ (genitive plural)
trūdù (dative singular)
trūdòma (dative dual)
trūdòmъ (dative plural)
trũdъ (accusative singular)
trūdà (accusative dual)
trūdỳ (accusative plural)
trūdъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
trūdòmь (instrumental singular)
trūdòma (dual instrumental)
trũdy (instrumental plural)
trūdě̀ (locative singular)
trūdù (dual locative)
trũděxъ (locative plural)
trude (singular vocative)
trūdà (dual vocative)
trūdì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: трудъ (trudŭ)

Russian: труд (trud)

Ukrainian: труд (trud)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: троудъ (trudŭ)

Glagolitic: ⱅⱃⱆⰴⱏ (trudŭ)

Bulgarian: труд (trud)

Macedonian: труд (trud)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тру̑д

Latin script: trȗd

Slovene: trȗd (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: trud

Czech: trud

Old Polish: trud

Polish: trud

Old Slovak: trud

Slovak: trud

Slovincian: trúd

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tráudas, from Proto-Indo-European *trewd- (“to squeeze; push; press”). Cognate with Latvian trauds, Lithuanian triū̃sas (“work, effort, pains”), Proto-Germanic *þrautaz, *þrautą (“threat, affliction”).


mogyla

mogỳla (canonical feminine)
mogyla (nominative singular)
mogylě (dual nominative)
mogyly (nominative plural)
mogyly (genitive singular)
mogylu (dual genitive)
mogylъ (genitive plural)
mogylě (dative singular)
mogylama (dative dual)
mogylamъ (dative plural)
mogylǫ (accusative singular)
mogylě (accusative dual)
mogyly (accusative plural)
mogylojǫ (instrumental singular)
mogylǭ (instrumental singular)
mogylama (dual instrumental)
mogylamī (instrumental plural)
mogylě (locative singular)
mogylu (dual locative)
mogylasъ (locative plural)
mogylaxъ (locative plural)
mogylo (singular vocative)
mogylě (dual vocative)
mogyly (plural vocative)
*gomyla (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: могꙑла (mogyla)

Belarusian: магі́ла (mahíla)

Russian: моги́ла (mogíla)

Ukrainian: моги́ла (mohýla)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: могꙑла (mogyla)

→ Bulgarian: моги́ла (mogíla)

Bulgarian: гоми́ла (gomíla) (dialectal)

Macedonian: мо́гила (mógila)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: го̀мила (with metathesis)

Latin: gòmila (with metathesis)

Slovene: gomíla (tonal orthography) (with metathesis)

West Slavic:

Czech: mohyla

Polabian: müďålă

Polish: mogiła

Slovak: mohyla

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: máglya

→ Lithuanian: mogila

Probably from a substrate language, akin to Albanian gamulë, magulë and Romanian movilă, moghilă, măgură, măgulă, Aromanian mãgulã. Miklošič, Brückner (followed by Vasmer et al.) however do not exclude an autochthonous origin akin to Proto-Slavic *moťьje pl (“relics, holy remains”) (from an earlier *mogtьje).
Per St. Mladenov, if the regional metathesized forms reflecting *gomyla are primary, a descent from Proto-Indo-European *gem- (“to seize, to take hold, to squeeze”) could also be possible. The later forms may have been influenced by Proto-Slavic *gomola (“lump, clod”), though. Compare Lithuanian gãmalas, gãmulas m (“chunk”), gamulà f (“bulge”).


snopъ

snòpъ (canonical masculine)
snòpъ (nominative singular)
snopà (dual nominative)
snopì (nominative plural)
snopà (genitive singular)
snopù (dual genitive)
snòpъ (genitive plural)
snopù (dative singular)
snopòma (dative dual)
snopòmъ (dative plural)
snòpъ (accusative singular)
snopà (accusative dual)
snopỳ (accusative plural)
snopъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
snopòmь (instrumental singular)
snopòma (dual instrumental)
snòpy (instrumental plural)
snopě̀ (locative singular)
snopù (dual locative)
snòpěxъ (locative plural)
snope (singular vocative)
snopà (dual vocative)
snopì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: снопъ (snopŭ)

Belarusian: сноп (snop)

(Stolin city): snọp

(Simonovichy village, Brest Region): snɨp

(Lukava village, Brest Region): snip

Russian: сноп (snop)

Ukrainian: сніп (snip)

(Galician group): snɨ̊p, sniɨ̯̊p, snʉp, snüp, snɪ̊p, ś’n’i̊p, snůp

(Plekhiv village, Chernihiv Region): snóp

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: снопъ (snopŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱀⱁⱂⱏ (snopŭ)

Bulgarian: сноп (snop)

Macedonian: сноп (snop)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сно̏п

Latin script: snȍp

(Brač): snȍp

(Hvar): snȍp

(Sali): snȍp

(Susak): snȍp

Slovene: snȍp (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: snop

Czech: snop

Polabian: snüp

Old Polish: snop

Polish: snop

Slovak: snop

(Novohradské dialects): snop

Pannonian Rusyn: сноп (snop)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: snop

Upper Sorbian: snop

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: snop

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)neh₁- (“to spin, to weave”) + *-opъ. Compare Bulgarian вързо́п (vǎrzóp, “bundle”), Macedonian врзоп (vrzop, “bundle”) from Proto-Slavic *vьrzati (“to tie, to bind”). It may be possible to identify the ending with that of synonymous Proto-Germanic *skauba- (“sheaf, bundle”), and a kindred combination may be present in Old High German snuoba, snuaba (“band, lace”) and Gothic preserved in Spanish eslabón (“link of a chain”), minus s-mobile in Proto-Italic *nopnā reflected in diminutive Latin numella (“a collar to impede movement”).
The development of accentuation in the dialects of the Galician group speaks in favor of the reconstruction of the u-stem: *snòpъ, gen. *snopù.


stromъ

stròmъ (canonical masculine)
stròmъ (nominative singular)
stromà (dual nominative)
stromì (nominative plural)
stromà (genitive singular)
stromù (dual genitive)
stròmъ (genitive plural)
stromù (dative singular)
stromòma (dative dual)
stromòmъ (dative plural)
stròmъ (accusative singular)
stromà (accusative dual)
stromỳ (accusative plural)
stromъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
stromòmь (instrumental singular)
stromòma (dual instrumental)
stròmy (instrumental plural)
stromě̀ (locative singular)
stromù (dual locative)
stròměxъ (locative plural)
strome (singular vocative)
stromà (dual vocative)
stromì (plural vocative)
stròmъ (nominative singular)
stromỳ (dual nominative)
stromòve (nominative plural)
stromù (genitive singular)
stromòvu (dual genitive)
stromòvъ (genitive plural)
stromòvi (dative singular)
stròmъma (dative dual)
stromъ̀mъ (dative plural)
stròmъ (accusative singular)
stromỳ (accusative dual)
stromỳ (accusative plural)
stromъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
stròmъma (dual instrumental)
stròmъmī (instrumental plural)
stròmu (locative singular)
stromòvu (dual locative)
stromъ̀xъ (locative plural)
stromu (singular vocative)
stromỳ (dual vocative)
stromòve (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: стрім (strim) (dial.)

(Galician group): strɪ̊m

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: стро̏м

Latin script: strȍm

(Chakavian): strù̯om (the dialect of immigrants in Slovakia)

Slovene: strȍm (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: strom

Czech: strom
→ Silesian: strōm

Polish: strom

Slovak: strom

The nature of the stem is not possible to reconstruct due to a lack of data: o-stem or u-stem. The accent paradigm b is reliably reconstructed.


xrobakъ

xrobakъ (nominative singular)
xrobaka (dual nominative)
xrobaci (nominative plural)
xrobaka (genitive singular)
xrobaku (dual genitive)
xrobakъ (genitive plural)
xrobaku (dative singular)
xrobakoma (dative dual)
xrobakomъ (dative plural)
xrobakъ (accusative singular)
xrobaka (accusative dual)
xrobaky (accusative plural)
xrobakъmь (instrumental singular)
xrobakomь (instrumental singular)
xrobakoma (dual instrumental)
xrobaky (instrumental plural)
xrobacě (locative singular)
xrobaku (dual locative)
xrobacěxъ (locative plural)
xrobače (singular vocative)
xrobaka (dual vocative)
xrobaci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Carpathian Rusyn: хроба́к (xrobák)

desc

Ukrainian: хроба́к (xrobák), гроба́к (hrobák) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Czech: chrobak

Kashubian: robôk

Polish: robak

Silesian: chrobŏk

Old Slovak: chrobák

Pannonian Rusyn: хробак (xrobak)

Slovak: chrobák

Agentative noun from *xrobati (“to gulp, to chew up”) + *-akъ.

affix

grub (larva of beetles and other insects)


mъrmorьcь

*mormorьcь (alternative)
*mormorica (alternative)
*mъrmolьcь (alternative)
mъrmorьcь (nominative singular)
mъrmorьca (dual nominative)
mъrmorьci (nominative plural)
mъrmorьca (genitive singular)
mъrmorьcu (dual genitive)
mъrmorьcь (genitive plural)
mъrmorьcu (dative singular)
mъrmorьcema (dative dual)
mъrmorьcemъ (dative plural)
mъrmorьcь (accusative singular)
mъrmorьca (accusative dual)
mъrmorьcę̇ (accusative plural)
mъrmorьcьmь (instrumental singular)
mъrmorьcemь (instrumental singular)
mъrmorьcema (dual instrumental)
mъrmorьci (instrumental plural)
mъrmorьci (locative singular)
mъrmorьcu (dual locative)
mъrmorьcixъ (locative plural)
mъrmorьče (singular vocative)
mъrmorьca (dual vocative)
mъrmorьci (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: мъ́рморец (mǎ́rmorec), мъма́рец (mǎmárec), мра́морец (mrámorec), мама́рец (mamárec, “amphipod”) (dialectal)

Macedonian: мрморец (mrmorec), мрмолец (mrmolec, “small crustacean”) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian: (dialectal)

Cyrillic script: мр̏морац, мр̏мољак (“cricket; newt”)

Latin script: mȑmorac, mȑmoljak (“cricket; newt”)

Slovene: mramoríca f (< *mormorica) (obsolete)

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: mormoloc (“tadpole”)

From *mъrmorъ (“small arthropod, tadpole”) + *-ьcь. Probably via assimilation from an earlier *vьrmorьcь, from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥mis (“worm”) + *-orъ + *-ьcь, or alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *merh₂- (“to grind, to rub”).
Compare also Ancient Greek μύρμηξ (múrmēx, “ant”).


bedrьnьcь

*bedrenьcь (alternative)
*bedrьnikъ (alternative)
*bedrenikъ (alternative)
*bedrьnica (alternative)
*bedrenica (alternative)
*bedrenika (alternative)
bedrьnьcь (nominative singular)
bedrьnьca (dual nominative)
bedrьnьci (nominative plural)
bedrьnьca (genitive singular)
bedrьnьcu (dual genitive)
bedrьnьcь (genitive plural)
bedrьnьcu (dative singular)
bedrьnьcema (dative dual)
bedrьnьcemъ (dative plural)
bedrьnьcь (accusative singular)
bedrьnьca (accusative dual)
bedrьnьcę̇ (accusative plural)
bedrьnьcьmь (instrumental singular)
bedrьnьcemь (instrumental singular)
bedrьnьcema (dual instrumental)
bedrьnьci (instrumental plural)
bedrьnьci (locative singular)
bedrьnьcu (dual locative)
bedrьnьcixъ (locative plural)
bedrьnьče (singular vocative)
bedrьnьca (dual vocative)
bedrьnьci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: бядры́нец (bjadrýnjec), dialectally ядры́нец (jadrýnjec)

desc

Russian: бе́дрене́ц (bédrenéc), бедрине́ц (bedrinéc), бедря́нец (bedrjánec) — archaic, бе́дренецъ (bédrenec), бедрене́цъ (bedrenéc), бедрине́цъ (bedrinéc), бедря́нецъ (bedrjánec) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

Ukrainian: бедри́нець (bedrýnecʹ), бедрене́ць (bedrenécʹ), бедріне́ць (bedrinécʹ), бедри́ч (bedrýč), бедре́ник (bedrényk), бедрець (bedrecʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бедреница (bedrenica)

Macedonian: бедреница (bedrenica)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бе̏дринац, бедрѐника, бедреник, бедренац, бедрица, бедрница, бедриница, бедраница, бедреника

Latin script: bȅdrinac, bedrènika, bedrenik, bedrenac, bedrica, bedrnica, bedrinica, bedranica, bedrenika

Slovene: bedrẹ̑nəc (tonal orthography), recorded also bedrȋnec, bẹ́drenik, bẹ́drnik

West Slavic:

Old Czech: bedrník, vedrník

Czech: bedrník

desctree

Old Polish: biedrzeniec, wiedrzeniec
Polish: biedrzeniec

Slovak: bedrovník

By surface analysis, *bedrьnъ, *bedrenъ + *-ьcь. Exact meaning disputed:
* Trubačev, Holub & Kopečný: Ablauted from Proto-Slavic *bosti (“to prick”) (e-grade attested in Baltic) in reference to the pungent or tonic properties of the plant.
* Miklošič, Machek: From Proto-Slavic *bedro (“thigh”) due to some medicinal use for the legs or childbirth. Origin-wise, probably identical to the above etymology.
* Brückner, Goląb, Vasmer: From Proto-Slavic *bъdrъ (“cheerful, awake”) via metaphony, like in Russian ме́дленный (médlennyj) from Proto-Slavic *mъdьlьnъ. Phonetically dubious.
* Lunt: From otherwise lost Proto-Slavic *bedrъ (“healthful, beneficial”), derived from Proto-Indo-European *bʰe(n)d- (“to improve”).
* Perhaps a distortion of Medieval Latin pipernella, pibinella, bipinella, a word with many variants among which: Old High German bibinella, German Bibernelle and ultimately English pimpernel.

cog

Pimpinella saxifraga
Pimpinella saxifraga

Pimpinella, especially Pimpinella saxifraga (burnet saxifrage)


bedrьnikъ

bedrьnikъ (nominative singular)
bedrьnika (dual nominative)
bedrьnici (nominative plural)
bedrьnika (genitive singular)
bedrьniku (dual genitive)
bedrьnikъ (genitive plural)
bedrьniku (dative singular)
bedrьnikoma (dative dual)
bedrьnikomъ (dative plural)
bedrьnikъ (accusative singular)
bedrьnika (accusative dual)
bedrьniky (accusative plural)
bedrьnikъmь (instrumental singular)
bedrьnikomь (instrumental singular)
bedrьnikoma (dual instrumental)
bedrьniky (instrumental plural)
bedrьnicě (locative singular)
bedrьniku (dual locative)
bedrьnicěxъ (locative plural)
bedrьniče (singular vocative)
bedrьnika (dual vocative)
bedrьnici (plural vocative)


lilъ

*lila (alternative)
lilъ (nominative singular)
lila (dual nominative)
lili (nominative plural)
lila (genitive singular)
lilu (dual genitive)
lilъ (genitive plural)
lilu (dative singular)
liloma (dative dual)
lilomъ (dative plural)
lilъ (accusative singular)
lila (accusative dual)
lily (accusative plural)
lilъmь (instrumental singular)
lilomь (instrumental singular)
liloma (dual instrumental)
lily (instrumental plural)
lilě (locative singular)
lilu (dual locative)
lilěxъ (locative plural)
lile (singular vocative)
lila (dual vocative)
lili (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: лил (lil) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: лѝла f

Latin script: lìla f

⇒ Slovene: lílek (“molten snakeskin”) (dialectal)

Probably substantivized adjective from Proto-Balto-Slavic *léilas (“thin, slim”), cognate with Lithuanian lei̇̃las (“slim, slender”), Latvian liẽls (“upright, high, great”). Further origin uncertain.
Compared by Berneker to Sanskrit लयते (láyate, “to melt, to dissolve”), ॡयति (līyati, “to stick, to cling to”) (root ली (lī)), Ancient Greek λειρός (leirós, “smooth, thin”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ley- (“to slip, to slide, to stick”).
Alternatively, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *leh₁y- (“to release, to disappear, to pour”) distantly akin to Proto-Germanic *lītilaz, *lūtilaz (“little”) and Ancient Greek λιτός (litós, “delicate”). In the later case, effectively equivalent to *liti (“to pour, to drift”) + *-lъ with semantics shifted from driven away → peeled → thin membrane.

der

thin membrane, bark (of plants), skin (of animals)


bǫkъ

bǫkъ (nominative singular)
bǫka (dual nominative)
bǫci (nominative plural)
bǫka (genitive singular)
bǫku (dual genitive)
bǫkъ (genitive plural)
bǫku (dative singular)
bǫkoma (dative dual)
bǫkomъ (dative plural)
bǫkъ (accusative singular)
bǫka (accusative dual)
bǫky (accusative plural)
bǫkъmь (instrumental singular)
bǫkomь (instrumental singular)
bǫkoma (dual instrumental)
bǫky (instrumental plural)
bǫcě (locative singular)
bǫku (dual locative)
bǫcěxъ (locative plural)
bǫče (singular vocative)
bǫka (dual vocative)
bǫci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

⇒ Russian: бука́шка (bukáška, “bug, insect”) (colloquial); бука́ра (bukára)/буха́ра (buxára, “bumblebee”) (dialectal)

⇒ Ukrainian: бука́рка (bukárka, “bettle”)

South Slavic:

⇒? Bulgarian: бъ́кел (bǎ́kel, “clue”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бу̑к (“bang”)

Latin script: bȗk (“bang”)

West Slavic:

Czech: buok, búk

desctree

Old Polish: bąk
Polish: bąk
Silesian: bōnk

Slovak: buk (dialectal)

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: bąk

Slovincian: bõk

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: buk (“gadfly”) (archaic)

Of onomatopoeic origin, related to Proto-Slavic *bǫkati, *bukati (“to rattle, to bang”). Compare Proto-Slavic *žukъ (“bettle”) from *žužati (“to buzz”).


kadь

kȃdь (canonical feminine)
*kady (alternative)
*kada (alternative)
*kaďa (alternative)
kadь (nominative singular)
kadi (dual nominative)
kadi (nominative plural)
kadi (genitive singular)
kadьju (dual genitive)
kadьjь (genitive plural)
kadi (dative singular)
kadьma (dative dual)
kadьmъ (dative plural)
kadь (accusative singular)
kadi (accusative dual)
kadi (accusative plural)
kadьjǫ (instrumental singular)
kadьma (dual instrumental)
kadьmi (instrumental plural)
kadi (locative singular)
kadьju (dual locative)
kadьxъ (locative plural)
kadi (singular vocative)
kadi (dual vocative)
kadi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Belarusian: кадзь (kadzʹ), ка́дка (kádka)

Russian: кадь (kadʹ) (dialectal), ка́дка (kádka, “tub”)

Ukrainian: кадь (kadʹ, “measure of volume”) (historical)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: кадь (kadĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰽⰰⰴⱐ (kadĭ)

Bulgarian: кад (kad) (dialectal), ка́ца (káca)

Macedonian: каца (kaca)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ка́да

Latin script: káda

Slovene: kȁd (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kád, kádcě

Czech: káď

Old Polish: kadź

Polish: kadź

Slovak: kaďa

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kadź

Lower Sorbian: kaź

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: kád

q

alternatively from Latin <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">cadus</i>

→ Romanian: cadă (possibly, alternatively from Latin cadus)

Probably borrowed from Ancient Greek κάδιον (kádion), a diminutive form of Ancient Greek κάδος (kádos, “bucket, jar”), of Semitic origin. Also borrowed in Latin cadus (“bottle, jar”), whence English cade.
Maček, Miklošič, and Trubachev do not exclude a native origin due to the slight semantic difference from the Greek term and also because of (sparse) evidence for alternative ū-stem forms such as dialectal Russian ка́довь (kádovʹ, “cask”) (generalized from gen. of Proto-Slavic *kady). Possible origin (per Machek) from Proto-Indo-European *kādʰ- (“convex shape”), with hypothetical cognate Ancient Greek κηθίς (kēthís, “urn”).


žužeľь

žùžeľь (canonical masculine)
*žužela (alternative)
žužeľь (nominative singular)
žužeľa (dual nominative)
žužeľi (nominative plural)
žužeľa (genitive singular)
žužeľu (dual genitive)
žužeľь (genitive plural)
žužeľu (dative singular)
žužeľema (dative dual)
žužeľemъ (dative plural)
žužeľь (accusative singular)
žužeľa (accusative dual)
žužeľę̇ (accusative plural)
žužeľьmь (instrumental singular)
žužeľemь (instrumental singular)
žužeľema (dual instrumental)
žužeľi (instrumental plural)
žužeľi (locative singular)
žužeľu (dual locative)
žužeľixъ (locative plural)
žužeľu (singular vocative)
žužeľa (dual vocative)
žužeľi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: жужель (žuželĭ)

Belarusian: жу́жаль (žúžalʹ, “chafer”)

desc

⇒ Russian: жу́желица (žúželica, “chafer”) (dialectal)

⇒ Ukrainian: жу́желиця (žúželycja, “chafer”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: жоужель (žuželĭ)

Bulgarian: жу́жел (žúžel, “cicada”)

Slovene: žúžel (dated)

⇒ Slovene: žužẹ̑lka (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: žúžela

Czech: žoužel (rare)

⇒ Czech: žížala

Polish: żużel (“slag”) (possibly)

Slovak: žúžel

Sorbian:

⇒ Upper Sorbian: žuželica

Non-Slavic:

→ Greek: ζούζουλον (zoúzoulon)

Of onomatopoeic origin, from *žužati (“to hum”) + *-eľь.

humming insect (particularly cicada, chafer)


lěkъ

lě̑kъ (canonical)
lěkъ (masculine nominative singular)
lěka (feminine nominative singular)
lěko (neuter nominative singular)
lěka (genitive masculine singular)
lěky (feminine genitive singular)
lěka (genitive neuter singular)
lěku (dative masculine singular)
lěcě (dative feminine singular)
lěku (dative neuter singular)
lěkъ (accusative masculine singular)
lěkǫ (accusative feminine singular)
lěko (accusative neuter singular)
lěkomь (instrumental masculine singular)
lěkojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
lěkomь (instrumental neuter singular)
lěcě (locative masculine singular)
lěcě (feminine locative singular)
lěcě (locative neuter singular)
lěče (masculine singular vocative)
lěko (feminine singular vocative)
lěko (neuter singular vocative)
lěka (dual masculine nominative)
lěcě (dual feminine nominative)
lěcě (dual neuter nominative)
lěku (dual genitive masculine)
lěku (dual feminine genitive)
lěku (dual genitive neuter)
lěkoma (dative dual masculine)
lěkama (dative dual feminine)
lěkoma (dative dual neuter)
lěka (accusative dual masculine)
lěcě (accusative dual feminine)
lěcě (accusative dual neuter)
lěkoma (dual instrumental masculine)
lěkama (dual feminine instrumental)
lěkoma (dual instrumental neuter)
lěku (dual locative masculine)
lěku (dual feminine locative)
lěku (dual locative neuter)
lěka (dual masculine vocative)
lěcě (dual feminine vocative)
lěcě (dual neuter vocative)
lěci (masculine nominative plural)
lěky (feminine nominative plural)
lěka (neuter nominative plural)
lěkъ (genitive masculine plural)
lěkъ (feminine genitive plural)
lěkъ (genitive neuter plural)
lěkomъ (dative masculine plural)
lěkamъ (dative feminine plural)
lěkomъ (dative neuter plural)
lěky (accusative masculine plural)
lěky (accusative feminine plural)
lěka (accusative neuter plural)
lěky (instrumental masculine plural)
lěkami (feminine instrumental plural)
lěky (instrumental neuter plural)
lěcěxъ (locative masculine plural)
lěkaxъ (feminine locative plural)
lěcěxъ (locative neuter plural)
lěci (masculine plural vocative)
lěky (feminine plural vocative)
lěka (neuter plural vocative)
lěkъjь (masculine nominative singular)
lěkaja (feminine nominative singular)
lěkoje (neuter nominative singular)
lěkajego (genitive masculine singular)
lěkyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
lěkajego (genitive neuter singular)
lěkujemu (dative masculine singular)
lěcěji (dative feminine singular)
lěkujemu (dative neuter singular)
lěkъjь (accusative masculine singular)
lěkǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
lěkoje (accusative neuter singular)
lěkyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
lěkǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
lěkyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
lěcějemь (locative masculine singular)
lěcěji (feminine locative singular)
lěcějemь (locative neuter singular)
lěkъjь (masculine singular vocative)
lěkaja (feminine singular vocative)
lěkoje (neuter singular vocative)
lěkaja (dual masculine nominative)
lěcěji (dual feminine nominative)
lěcěji (dual neuter nominative)
lěkuju (dual genitive masculine)
lěkuju (dual feminine genitive)
lěkuju (dual genitive neuter)
lěkyjima (dative dual masculine)
lěkyjima (dative dual feminine)
lěkyjima (dative dual neuter)
lěkaja (accusative dual masculine)
lěcěji (accusative dual feminine)
lěcěji (accusative dual neuter)
lěkyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
lěkyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
lěkyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
lěkuju (dual locative masculine)
lěkuju (dual feminine locative)
lěkuju (dual locative neuter)
lěkaja (dual masculine vocative)
lěcěji (dual feminine vocative)
lěcěji (dual neuter vocative)
lěciji (masculine nominative plural)
lěkyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
lěkaja (neuter nominative plural)
lěkъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
lěkъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
lěkъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
lěkyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
lěkyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
lěkyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
lěkyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
lěkyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
lěkaja (accusative neuter plural)
lěkyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
lěkyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
lěkyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
lěkyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
lěkyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
lěkyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
lěciji (masculine plural vocative)
lěkyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
lěkaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: лѣкъ m (lěkŭ), лѣка f (lěka, “account, precise calculation”)

Russian: лек m (lek, “remainder”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: *лѣкъ (*lěkŭ) (attested in compounds)

⇒ Bulgarian: ле́чък (léčǎk) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ле̑к m (“a bit”)

Latin script: lȇk m (“a bit”)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: lẹ̑k m (“little quantity”) (tonal orthography) (dialectal, substantivized)

From Proto-Indo-European *loykʷós, cognate with Ancient Greek λοιπός (loipós, “remaining”). Akin to Lithuanian lai̇̃kas (“time”), Latvian laĩks (“time, weather”).
The only certain meaning is “remaining”. There are varying hypotheses regarding the secondary meanings attested in South Slavic dialects:
* Bezlaj: Derived from the titual etymology via semantic shift remaining → filtered → fine, delicate.
* Skok: Dialectal South Slavic innovation, derived from Etymology 2. Possibly related to Romanian oleacă (“a little”).
It is unclear if modern Bulgarian за́лека (záleka, “subtly, with attention to detail”) (possibly also и́злека (ízleka, “barely”), поле́ка (poléka, “steadily, gradually”)), Serbo-Croatian zȁlijek (“for a while, for a bit”) descend from *lěkъ or are recent corruptions of Proto-Slavic *lьgъkъ (“light”).

cog

(possibly) → fine, detailed

(perhaps) → delicate, subtle


lěkъ

lě̃kъ (canonical masculine)
*lěka (alternative)
lě̃kъ (nominative singular)
lě̄kà (dual nominative)
lě̄cì (nominative plural)
lě̄kà (genitive singular)
lě̄kù (dual genitive)
lě̃kъ (genitive plural)
lě̄kù (dative singular)
lě̄kòma (dative dual)
lě̄kòmъ (dative plural)
lě̃kъ (accusative singular)
lě̄kà (accusative dual)
lě̄kỳ (accusative plural)
lě̄kъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
lě̄kòmь (instrumental singular)
lě̄kòma (dual instrumental)
lě̃ky (instrumental plural)
lě̄cě̀ (locative singular)
lě̄kù (dual locative)
lě̃cěxъ (locative plural)
lěče (singular vocative)
lě̄kà (dual vocative)
lě̄cì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ле́кі pl (ljéki)

Russian: лека́ f (leká)

Ukrainian: лік m (lik), лі́ка f (líka)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: лѣкъ (lěkŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰾⱑⰽⱏ (lěkŭ)

Bulgarian: лек m (lek); (dialectal) лека́ f (leká)

Macedonian: лек (lek)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ле̑к m

Latin script: lijȇk, lȇk m

Slovene: lẹ̑k (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: lék

Czech: lék

Polish: lek

Old Slovak: liek

Pannonian Rusyn: лїк (ljik)

Slovak: liek

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: lěk

Non-Slavic:

Romanian: leac

* Typically viewed as a Germanic loanword, either directly borrowed from Gothic *𐌻𐌴𐌺𐍃 (*lēks, “healer”) (< Proto-Germanic *lēkiz) or secondarily coined from *lěčiti (“to heal”) + *-ъ, itself derived from the aforementioned source. Further akin to Old Irish líaig (“healer”).
* Mladenov, Skok: Of inherited origin, originally conveying “enchantment, spell”, possibly akin to Ancient Greek ληκέω (lēkéō, “to make noise”).
* Bezlaj, Gołąb: Substantivized from Etymology 1, perhaps via residue → product, fine quantity (of brewing, preparation) → medicine.
Standard objection against the Germanic origin is that no Germanic language conveys the instrumental meaning “medicine”.


ščelь

ščelь (nominative singular)
ščeli (dual nominative)
ščeli (nominative plural)
ščeli (genitive singular)
ščelьju (dual genitive)
ščelьjь (genitive plural)
ščeli (dative singular)
ščelьma (dative dual)
ščelьmъ (dative plural)
ščelь (accusative singular)
ščeli (accusative dual)
ščeli (accusative plural)
ščelьjǫ (instrumental singular)
ščelьma (dual instrumental)
ščelьmi (instrumental plural)
ščeli (locative singular)
ščelьju (dual locative)
ščelьxъ (locative plural)
ščeli (singular vocative)
ščeli (dual vocative)
ščeli (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: шчэ́ль (ščélʹ)

Russian: щель (ščelʹ)

Ukrainian: щіль (ščilʹ)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to cleave”). Akin to Proto-Germanic *skaljō (“shell”).


ščelina

ščelina (nominative singular)
ščelině (dual nominative)
ščeliny (nominative plural)
ščeliny (genitive singular)
ščelinu (dual genitive)
ščelinъ (genitive plural)
ščelině (dative singular)
ščelinama (dative dual)
ščelinamъ (dative plural)
ščelinǫ (accusative singular)
ščelině (accusative dual)
ščeliny (accusative plural)
ščelinojǫ (instrumental singular)
ščelinǫ (instrumental singular)
ščelinama (dual instrumental)
ščelinami (instrumental plural)
ščelině (locative singular)
ščelinu (dual locative)
ščelinasъ (locative plural)
ščelinaxъ (locative plural)
ščelino (singular vocative)
ščelině (dual vocative)
ščeliny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: шчы́ліна (ščýlina)

⇒ Russian: расще́лина (rasščélina)

desc

Ukrainian: щі́лина (ščílyna), щіли́на (ščilýna)

West Slavic:

Czech: štelina

Polish: szczelina


xava

xava (nominative singular)
xavě (dual nominative)
xavy (nominative plural)
xavy (genitive singular)
xavu (dual genitive)
xavъ (genitive plural)
xavě (dative singular)
xavama (dative dual)
xavamъ (dative plural)
xavǫ (accusative singular)
xavě (accusative dual)
xavy (accusative plural)
xavojǫ (instrumental singular)
xavǫ (instrumental singular)
xavama (dual instrumental)
xavami (instrumental plural)
xavě (locative singular)
xavu (dual locative)
xavasъ (locative plural)
xavaxъ (locative plural)
xavo (singular vocative)
xavě (dual vocative)
xavy (plural vocative)

Derived from a root with extended vocalism *xv- > *xov- > *xav- + *-a, from *xvòja (“needles or branches of a coniferous tree”).


kъtyrь

kъtyrь (nominative singular)
kъtyri (dual nominative)
kъtyrьje (nominative plural)
kъtyře (nominative plural)
kъtyri (genitive singular)
kъtyrьju (dual genitive)
kъtyřu (dual genitive)
kъtyrьjь (genitive plural)
kъtyri (genitive plural)
kъtyri (dative singular)
kъtyrьma (dative dual)
kъtyrьmъ (dative plural)
kъtyrь (accusative singular)
kъtyri (accusative dual)
kъtyri (accusative plural)
kъtyrьmь (instrumental singular)
kъtyrьma (dual instrumental)
kъtyrьmi (instrumental plural)
kъtyri (locative singular)
kъtyrьju (dual locative)
kъtyřu (dual locative)
kъtyrьxъ (locative plural)
kъtyri (singular vocative)
kъtyri (dual vocative)
kъtyrьje (plural vocative)
kъtyře (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ктырь (ktyrʹ)

Russian: ктырь (ktyrʹ)

Ukrainian: ктир (ktyr)

⇒ Translingual: Ktyr

Uncertain. Probably a derivative in *-yrь (“agentive suffix”) with unclear root.
Trubachev (ESSJa) compares it with Upper Sorbian kuntwora (“mosquito”), Lower Sorbian kuntwor (“mosquito”), possibly reflecting pre-Sorbian *kǫ- + *tvorъ (“creature”).

robber fly (or any predatory fly in general)


polxъ

pȏlxъ (canonical)
polxъ (masculine nominative singular)
polxa (feminine nominative singular)
polxo (neuter nominative singular)
polxa (genitive masculine singular)
polxy (feminine genitive singular)
polxa (genitive neuter singular)
polxu (dative masculine singular)
polśě (dative feminine singular)
polxu (dative neuter singular)
polxъ (accusative masculine singular)
polxǫ (accusative feminine singular)
polxo (accusative neuter singular)
polxomь (instrumental masculine singular)
polxojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
polxomь (instrumental neuter singular)
polśě (locative masculine singular)
polśě (feminine locative singular)
polśě (locative neuter singular)
polše (masculine singular vocative)
polxo (feminine singular vocative)
polxo (neuter singular vocative)
polxa (dual masculine nominative)
polśě (dual feminine nominative)
polśě (dual neuter nominative)
polxu (dual genitive masculine)
polxu (dual feminine genitive)
polxu (dual genitive neuter)
polxoma (dative dual masculine)
polxama (dative dual feminine)
polxoma (dative dual neuter)
polxa (accusative dual masculine)
polśě (accusative dual feminine)
polśě (accusative dual neuter)
polxoma (dual instrumental masculine)
polxama (dual feminine instrumental)
polxoma (dual instrumental neuter)
polxu (dual locative masculine)
polxu (dual feminine locative)
polxu (dual locative neuter)
polxa (dual masculine vocative)
polśě (dual feminine vocative)
polśě (dual neuter vocative)
polśi (masculine nominative plural)
polxy (feminine nominative plural)
polxa (neuter nominative plural)
polxъ (genitive masculine plural)
polxъ (feminine genitive plural)
polxъ (genitive neuter plural)
polxomъ (dative masculine plural)
polxamъ (dative feminine plural)
polxomъ (dative neuter plural)
polxy (accusative masculine plural)
polxy (accusative feminine plural)
polxa (accusative neuter plural)
polxy (instrumental masculine plural)
polxami (feminine instrumental plural)
polxy (instrumental neuter plural)
polśěxъ (locative masculine plural)
polxaxъ (feminine locative plural)
polśěxъ (locative neuter plural)
polśi (masculine plural vocative)
polxy (feminine plural vocative)
polxa (neuter plural vocative)
polxъjь (masculine nominative singular)
polxaja (feminine nominative singular)
polxoje (neuter nominative singular)
polxajego (genitive masculine singular)
polxyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
polxajego (genitive neuter singular)
polxujemu (dative masculine singular)
polśěji (dative feminine singular)
polxujemu (dative neuter singular)
polxъjь (accusative masculine singular)
polxǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
polxoje (accusative neuter singular)
polxyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
polxǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
polxyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
polśějemь (locative masculine singular)
polśěji (feminine locative singular)
polśějemь (locative neuter singular)
polxъjь (masculine singular vocative)
polxaja (feminine singular vocative)
polxoje (neuter singular vocative)
polxaja (dual masculine nominative)
polśěji (dual feminine nominative)
polśěji (dual neuter nominative)
polxuju (dual genitive masculine)
polxuju (dual feminine genitive)
polxuju (dual genitive neuter)
polxyjima (dative dual masculine)
polxyjima (dative dual feminine)
polxyjima (dative dual neuter)
polxaja (accusative dual masculine)
polśěji (accusative dual feminine)
polśěji (accusative dual neuter)
polxyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
polxyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
polxyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
polxuju (dual locative masculine)
polxuju (dual feminine locative)
polxuju (dual locative neuter)
polxaja (dual masculine vocative)
polśěji (dual feminine vocative)
polśěji (dual neuter vocative)
polśiji (masculine nominative plural)
polxyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
polxaja (neuter nominative plural)
polxъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
polxъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
polxъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
polxyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
polxyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
polxyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
polxyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
polxyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
polxaja (accusative neuter plural)
polxyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
polxyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
polxyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
polxyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
polxyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
polxyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
polśiji (masculine plural vocative)
polxyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
polxaja (neuter plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: плах (plah)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пла̏х (“hasty”)

Latin script: plȁh (“hasty”)

Slovene: plȃh (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: plachý

Czech: plachý

Polish: płochy (obsolete)

Slovak: plachý

Likely originally meaning “hasty, uneasy, anxious” from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₁- (“to sway”) or Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂-, *pelHk- (“to get approached”) + *-xъ. Comparable with Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌼𐌰 (usfilma, “scared”), Proto-Germanic *felhaną (“to conceal, to hide”).

cog

плохи́й

Old East Slavic: плохъ (ploxŭ); Ukrainian

plochý

*ploxъ (“plain, simplistic, meek, frivolous”) (probably related to *polxъ via schwebeablaut)


polxъ

polxъ (nominative singular)
polxa (dual nominative)
polśi (nominative plural)
polxa (genitive singular)
polxu (dual genitive)
polxъ (genitive plural)
polxu (dative singular)
polxoma (dative dual)
polxomъ (dative plural)
polxъ (accusative singular)
polxa (accusative dual)
polxy (accusative plural)
polxъmь (instrumental singular)
polxomь (instrumental singular)
polxoma (dual instrumental)
polxy (instrumental plural)
polśě (locative singular)
polxu (dual locative)
polśěxъ (locative plural)
polše (singular vocative)
polxa (dual vocative)
polśi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: по́лах (pólax, “horror”)

Russian: поло́х (polóx)

desc

Ukrainian: по́лох (pólox, “horror”), поло́х (polóx, “fear”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: плахъ (plaxŭ)

Bulgarian: плах (plah) (dialectal)

⇒ Bulgarian: у́плах (úplah, “scare”), запла́ха (zapláha, “danger”)


ovadъ

*obadъ (alternative)
*ovodъ (alternative)
ovadъ (nominative singular)
ovada (dual nominative)
ovadi (nominative plural)
ovada (genitive singular)
ovadu (dual genitive)
ovadъ (genitive plural)
ovadu (dative singular)
ovadoma (dative dual)
ovadomъ (dative plural)
ovadъ (accusative singular)
ovada (accusative dual)
ovady (accusative plural)
ovadъmь (instrumental singular)
ovadomь (instrumental singular)
ovadoma (dual instrumental)
ovady (instrumental plural)
ovadě (locative singular)
ovadu (dual locative)
ovaděxъ (locative plural)
ovade (singular vocative)
ovada (dual vocative)
ovadi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: оводъ (ovodŭ)

Belarusian: авадзе́нь (avadzjénʹ, “warble fly”), ава́д (avád); вадзе́нь (vadzjénʹ) (dialectal)

Russian: о́вад (óvad), о́вод (óvod)

Ukrainian: о́вад (óvad), о́від (óvid)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: овадъ (ovadŭ), обадъ (obadŭ) (Serbian rendition)

Bulgarian: о́вад (óvad, “stable fly, hornet”) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̏ба̄д

Latin script: ȍbād

Slovene: obȃd (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: ovád (“horsefly”)

Czech: ovád (“horsefly”)

Bohemian (Chod dialect): hovád (“horsefly”)

Kashubian: òwôd

Polish: owad

Silesian: ôwada

Old Slovak: ovad

Slovak: ovad

Morphologically from *o(b)- + *(v)adъ. Proposed etymologies for the stem element:
* Miklošič, Brugmann, Zubatý: Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ṓˀdas (“biter, stinger”), either from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ed- (“to bite”) or possibly an o-grade of *h₁ed- (“to eat”). Cognate with Lithuanian úodas (“mosquito”), Latvian uôds, ods (“gnat, mosquito”). Compare also dialectal Belarusian вадзе́нь (vadzjénʹ, “gadfly”) (earlier *(v)adьňь).
* Pokorny: From Proto-Indo-European *wedʰ- (“to shove, to push”), akin to Sanskrit वध् (vadh, “to slay, to strike down”), Ancient Greek ὠθέω (ōthéō, “to push”).
* Machek: From a substrate language, possibly related to Latin tabānus (“gadfly”).
Trubachev alternatively interprets the word as a compound of *ov- (“sheep”) + *adъ (“eater, biter”), since warble flies (and related insects) usually attack livestock.

cog

biting insect (horsefly/stable fly/gadfly, hornet)


poxotь

*poxota (alternative)
*poxъta (alternative)
poxotь (nominative singular)
poxoti (dual nominative)
poxoti (nominative plural)
poxoti (genitive singular)
poxotьju (dual genitive)
poxotьjь (genitive plural)
poxoti (dative singular)
poxotьma (dative dual)
poxotьmъ (dative plural)
poxotь (accusative singular)
poxoti (accusative dual)
poxoti (accusative plural)
poxotьjǫ (instrumental singular)
poxotьma (dual instrumental)
poxotьmi (instrumental plural)
poxoti (locative singular)
poxotьju (dual locative)
poxotьxъ (locative plural)
poxoti (singular vocative)
poxoti (dual vocative)
poxoti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: похоть (poxotĭ)

Russian: по́хоть (póxotʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: похоть (poxotʹ)

Ukrainian: по́хіть (póxitʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: похоть (poxotĭ)

desc

Bulgarian: по́хот (póhot), по́хта (póhta) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: по̏хота

Latin script: pȍhota

Slovene: pohóta (tonal orthography)

*po- + *xоtь (likely an alternative vocalism of *xъtь, *xǫtь (“desire”))


oxota

*oxvota (alternative)
oxota (nominative singular)
oxotě (dual nominative)
oxoty (nominative plural)
oxoty (genitive singular)
oxotu (dual genitive)
oxotъ (genitive plural)
oxotě (dative singular)
oxotama (dative dual)
oxotamъ (dative plural)
oxotǫ (accusative singular)
oxotě (accusative dual)
oxoty (accusative plural)
oxotojǫ (instrumental singular)
oxotǫ (instrumental singular)
oxotama (dual instrumental)
oxotami (instrumental plural)
oxotě (locative singular)
oxotu (dual locative)
oxotasъ (locative plural)
oxotaxъ (locative plural)
oxoto (singular vocative)
oxotě (dual vocative)
oxoty (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: охота (oxota)

Russian: охо́та (oxóta)

Ukrainian: охо́та (oxóta) (formal)

Old East Slavic: охвота (oxvota)

Belarusian: ахво́та (axvóta)

Russian: охво́та (oxvóta)

Ukrainian: оxво́та (oxvóta)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: охота (oxota)

Bulgarian: охо́та (ohóta)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: ochota

Czech: ochota

Polish: ochota

Slovak: ochota

Action noun of *o- + *xotěti (“to wish”) + *-a.


xvěti

*xvějati (alternative)
xvěnьje (noun-from-verb)
xvěti (infinitive)
xvětъ (supine)
xvělъ (l-participle)
xvěnъ (participle passive past)
xvějemъ (participle passive present)
xvěvъ (active participle past)
xvěję (active participle present)
xvěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
xvě (aorist second-person singular)
xvě (aorist singular third-person)
xvějǫ (first-person present singular)
xvěješi (present second-person singular)
xvějetь (present singular third-person)
xvěxově (aorist dual first-person)
xvěsta (aorist dual second-person)
xvěste (aorist dual third-person)
xvějevě (dual first-person present)
xvějeta (dual present second-person)
xvějete (dual present third-person)
xvěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
xvěste (aorist plural second-person)
xvěšę (aorist plural third-person)
xvějemъ (first-person plural present)
xvějete (plural present second-person)
xvějǫtь (plural present third-person)
xvěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
xvěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
xvěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
xvěji (imperative second-person singular)
xvěji (imperative singular third-person)
xvěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
xvěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
xvěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
xvějivě (dual first-person imperative)
xvějita (dual imperative second-person)
xvěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
xvěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
xvěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
xvějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
xvějite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: хвѣяти ся (xvějati sja)

Belarusian: хве́ицьца (xvjéicʹca)

Russian: хве́яться (xvéjatʹsja)

Ukrainian: хві́ятися (xvíjatysja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: хвѣꙗти сѧ (xvějati sę)

West Slavic:

Czech: chvěti, chvíti

Polish: chwiać, chwiejać

Slovak: сhvieť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: chwjaś

Upper Sorbian: chwjeć

Proposed etymologies:
* From Proto-Indo-European *keh₁w- (“to wobble”) or *keh₂w- (“to waver, to pulsate”) (in 0-grade) + *-ěti, akin to Proto-Slavic *kyvati (“to nod”). Initial *x- in this case due to PIE *kh-. Discarded as unconvincing by Trubachev (ESSJa).
* From Proto-Indo-European *(s)weh₁- (“to sway”), akin to Lithuanian svajóti (“to dream, to hallucinate”), Sanskrit स्वजते (svájate, “to embrace”), Dutch Low Saxon sweuen (“to sway in the wind”) (further related to English sway). Initial *xv- in this case from an earlier *sv-.
* Possibly of expressive or onomatopoeic origin. Compare Proto-Slavic *svistati (“to whistle”) → *xvistati (“to batter, to thrash”).

cog

(reflexive) (+ *sę) to oscillate, to wobble (for inanimate objects); to hesitate (for people)


xvostъ

xvȍstъ (canonical masculine)
xvòstъ (nominative singular)
xvostà (dual nominative)
xvostì (nominative plural)
xvostà (genitive singular)
xvostù (dual genitive)
xvòstъ (genitive plural)
xvostù (dative singular)
xvostòma (dative dual)
xvostòmъ (dative plural)
xvòstъ (accusative singular)
xvostà (accusative dual)
xvostỳ (accusative plural)
xvostъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
xvostòmь (instrumental singular)
xvostòma (dual instrumental)
xvòsty (instrumental plural)
xvostě̀ (locative singular)
xvostù (dual locative)
xvòstěxъ (locative plural)
xvoste (singular vocative)
xvostà (dual vocative)
xvostì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: хвостъ (xvostŭ)

Belarusian: хвост (xvost)

Russian: хвост (xvost)

Ukrainian: хвіст (xvist)

South Slavic:

Church Slavonic: хвостъ (xvostŭ) (Serbian recension)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: хо̏ст, ху̑ст (dialectal)

Latin script: hȍst, hȗst (dialectal)

Slovene: hȏst (tonal orthography), hvọ̑st

⇒ Slovene: họ̑sta f

West Slavic:

Old Czech: chvost

Czech: chvost, chůst

Polish: chwost (dialectal)

Slovak: chvost

From a dubious root + *-stъ. Proposed etymologies include:
* From Proto-Indo-European *ksew- (“to scrape, to trim”), akin to Proto-Slavic *xusta (“neckpiece, headscarf”).
* From Proto-Indo-European *keh₂w- (“to waver, to flicker”), akin to Latin cauda (“tail”), possibly Lithuanian kuõdas (“tuft”). Favoured by Mladenov.
Sometimes compared with Proto-Germanic *kwastuz (“tassel”) (as per Machek, Sławski, Vaillant), even though formally incompatible.


bъrkati

bъrkàti (canonical imperfective)
bъrknǫti (perfective)
bъrkovati (perfective)
*bъrxati (alternative)
bъrkanьje (noun-from-verb)
bъrkati (infinitive)
bъrkatъ (supine)
bъrkalъ (l-participle)
bъrkanъ (participle passive past)
bъrčemъ (participle passive present)
bъrkavъ (active participle past)
bъrčę (active participle present)
bъrkaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
bъrka (aorist second-person singular)
bъrka (aorist singular third-person)
bъrčǫ (first-person present singular)
bъrčeši (present second-person singular)
bъrčetь (present singular third-person)
bъrkaxově (aorist dual first-person)
bъrkasta (aorist dual second-person)
bъrkaste (aorist dual third-person)
bъrčevě (dual first-person present)
bъrčeta (dual present second-person)
bъrčete (dual present third-person)
bъrkaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bъrkaste (aorist plural second-person)
bъrkašę (aorist plural third-person)
bъrčemъ (first-person plural present)
bъrčete (plural present second-person)
bъrčǫtь (plural present third-person)
bъrkaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bъrkaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bъrkaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bъrči (imperative second-person singular)
bъrči (imperative singular third-person)
bъrkaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bъrkaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bъrkaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bъrčivě (dual first-person imperative)
bъrčita (dual imperative second-person)
bъrkaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bъrkaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bъrkaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bъrčimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bъrčite (imperative plural second-person)
bъrkanьje (noun-from-verb)
bъrkati (infinitive)
bъrkatъ (supine)
bъrkalъ (l-participle)
bъrkanъ (participle passive past)
bъrkajemъ (participle passive present)
bъrkavъ (active participle past)
bъrkaję (active participle present)
bъrkaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
bъrka (aorist second-person singular)
bъrka (aorist singular third-person)
bъrkajǫ (first-person present singular)
bъrkaješi (present second-person singular)
bъrkajetь (present singular third-person)
bъrkaxově (aorist dual first-person)
bъrkasta (aorist dual second-person)
bъrkaste (aorist dual third-person)
bъrkajevě (dual first-person present)
bъrkajeta (dual present second-person)
bъrkajete (dual present third-person)
bъrkaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bъrkaste (aorist plural second-person)
bъrkašę (aorist plural third-person)
bъrkajemъ (first-person plural present)
bъrkajete (plural present second-person)
bъrkajǫtь (plural present third-person)
bъrkaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bъrkaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bъrkaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bъrkaji (imperative second-person singular)
bъrkaji (imperative singular third-person)
bъrkaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bъrkaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bъrkaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bъrkajivě (dual first-person imperative)
bъrkajita (dual imperative second-person)
bъrkaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bъrkaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bъrkaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bъrkajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bъrkajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: бо́ркать (bórkatʹ)

desc

Ukrainian: бо́ркати (bórkaty, “to trim bird's feathers”)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бъ́ркам (bǎ́rkam), бъ́рча (bǎ́rča)

Macedonian: брка (brka, “to chase”)

Serbo-Croatian: (dialectal)

Cyrillic script: бр̀кати (“to beat, to smack”)

Latin script: br̀kati (“to beat, to smack”)

Slovene: brkljáti (tonal orthography), bŕcati

West Slavic:

Czech: brkat, brchat

Old Polish: barkać

Slovak: bŕkať

Pomeranian:

>? Slovincian: barkac, barkôwac

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: barkaś

Upper Sorbian: barkać

Probably polygenetic. Proposed origins:
* Some of the meanings from *bъrkъ (“whisker, quill”) + *-ati, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“to pierce, to bore”).
* Onomatopoeic, akin to Proto-Slavic *bъrčati (“to buzz, to drone, to whizz”), *burkati (“to growl, to grumble”) and Lithuanian bur̃kti, bur̃kšti (“to bang, to rattle”).
Compare also Proto-Slavic *brъkati (“to shove, to mingle, to stir”).

noncog

to trim, to crop (feathers, beard) (in East Slavic)

to flatter (wings) → to whoosh, to hurl, to fly away (in West Slavic)

→ (by extension) to wrinkle, to curl

→ (figurative) to chase away


skobľь

skȍbľь (canonical masculine)
*skobľa (alternative)
*skobьľь (alternative)
*skobeľь (alternative)
skobľь (nominative singular)
skobľa (dual nominative)
skobľi (nominative plural)
skobľa (genitive singular)
skobľu (dual genitive)
skobľь (genitive plural)
skobľu (dative singular)
skobľema (dative dual)
skobľemъ (dative plural)
skobľь (accusative singular)
skobľa (accusative dual)
skobľę̇ (accusative plural)
skobľьmь (instrumental singular)
skobľemь (instrumental singular)
skobľema (dual instrumental)
skobľi (instrumental plural)
skobľi (locative singular)
skobľu (dual locative)
skobľixъ (locative plural)
skobľu (singular vocative)
skobľa (dual vocative)
skobľi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: скобль (skoblĭ)

Belarusian: ско́бля (skóblja)

Russian: ско́бель (skóbelʹ)

desc

Ukrainian: ско́бель (skóbelʹ), скобе́лка (skobélka)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ско́бел (skóbel) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ско̏бља

Latin script: skȍblja

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: skọ̄bəlj, skọ̑blja (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: skoble, škoble

Polish: skobla, skobel

Slovak: skobľa

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: scoabă (“chisel, adze”)

From Proto-Indo-European *skabʰ- (“to carve, to scrape”) + *-jь, related to Lithuanian skabýti (“to pluck, to delve”), skõbti (“to carve onto wood”), Latvian skabît (“to hew off”). Further akin with Ancient Greek σκᾰ́φος (skắphos, “hull of a ship”), σκάφη (skáphē, “bowl, tube”), Latin scobis (“wood chip”),
Proto-Germanic *skabaną (“to shave, scrape”). Compare also Latin scabō (“to scrub”).
Possibly of the same origin as Proto-Slavic *skobà (“shackle, clasp”).

cog

crafting or carving tool (spokeshave, chisel, gouge)


pъtiťь

pъtìťь (canonical masculine)
pъtìťь (nominative singular)
pъtìťa (dual nominative)
pъtìťi (nominative plural)
pъtìťa (genitive singular)
pъtìťu (dual genitive)
pъtìťь (genitive plural)
pъtìťu (dative singular)
pъtìťema (dative dual)
pъtìťēmъ (dative plural)
pъtìťь (accusative singular)
pъtìťa (accusative dual)
pъtìťę̇ (accusative plural)
pъtìťьmь (instrumental singular)
pъtìťemь (instrumental singular)
pъtìťema (dual instrumental)
pъtìťī (instrumental plural)
pъtìťi (locative singular)
pъtìťu (dual locative)
pъtìťīxъ (locative plural)
pъtìťu (singular vocative)
pъtìťa (dual vocative)
pъtìťi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: пъти́чь (pŭtíčĭ, “birds”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: пътищь (pŭtištĭ, “birdie; young bird”)

Glagolitic: ⱂⱏⱅⰻⱋⱐ (pŭtištĭ, “birdie; young bird”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пти̏ћ

Latin script: ptȉć

Slovene: ptȉč (tonal orthography)