ručajь

*ručьjь (alternative)
ručajь (nominative singular)
ručaja (dual nominative)
ručaji (nominative plural)
ručaja (genitive singular)
ručaju (dual genitive)
ručajь (genitive plural)
ručaju (dative singular)
ručajema (dative dual)
ručajemъ (dative plural)
ručajь (accusative singular)
ručaja (accusative dual)
ručaję̇ (accusative plural)
ručajьmь (instrumental singular)
ručajemь (instrumental singular)
ručajema (dual instrumental)
ručaji (instrumental plural)
ručaji (locative singular)
ručaju (dual locative)
ručajixъ (locative plural)
ručaju (singular vocative)
ručaja (dual vocative)
ručaji (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ручаи (ručai)

Belarusian: руча́й (ručáj)

Ukrainian: руча́й (ručáj)

West Slavic:

Czech: ručej

Polish: ruczaj

Slovak: ručaj

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ручии (ručii)

Russian: руче́й (ručéj)

Old Novgorodian: роуцьи (rućĭi)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ру́чей (rúčej)

West Slavic:

Slovak: ručej

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: ručej

From *ručati (“to drone, to rattle”) + *-ějь.


ručьjь

ručьjь (nominative singular)
ručьja (dual nominative)
ručьji (nominative plural)
ručьja (genitive singular)
ručьju (dual genitive)
ručьjь (genitive plural)
ručьju (dative singular)
ručьjema (dative dual)
ručьjemъ (dative plural)
ručьjь (accusative singular)
ručьja (accusative dual)
ručьję̇ (accusative plural)
ručьjьmь (instrumental singular)
ručьjemь (instrumental singular)
ručьjema (dual instrumental)
ručьji (instrumental plural)
ručьji (locative singular)
ručьju (dual locative)
ručьjixъ (locative plural)
ručьju (singular vocative)
ručьja (dual vocative)
ručьji (plural vocative)

From an earlier *ručь (“rumbling”) + *-ьjь.


obyčajь

obyčajь (nominative singular)
obyčaja (dual nominative)
obyčaji (nominative plural)
obyčaja (genitive singular)
obyčaju (dual genitive)
obyčajь (genitive plural)
obyčaju (dative singular)
obyčajema (dative dual)
obyčajemъ (dative plural)
obyčajь (accusative singular)
obyčaja (accusative dual)
obyčaję̇ (accusative plural)
obyčajьmь (instrumental singular)
obyčajemь (instrumental singular)
obyčajema (dual instrumental)
obyčaji (instrumental plural)
obyčaji (locative singular)
obyčaju (dual locative)
obyčajixъ (locative plural)
obyčaju (singular vocative)
obyčaja (dual vocative)
obyčaji (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: обы́чай (obýčaj)

Ukrainian: обича́й (obyčáj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: обꙑчаи (obyčai)

Bulgarian: обича́й (običáj)

Macedonian: о́бичај (óbičaj)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̏бича̄ј

Latin script: ȍbičāj

Slovene: običȃj

West Slavic:

Old Czech: obyčěj

Czech: obyčej

Polish: obyczaj

Slovak: obyčaj

From *obyčati (“to get fond of, to get used to”) + *-ějь.


korvajь

korvajь (nominative singular)
korvaja (dual nominative)
korvaji (nominative plural)
korvaja (genitive singular)
korvaju (dual genitive)
korvajь (genitive plural)
korvaju (dative singular)
korvajema (dative dual)
korvajemъ (dative plural)
korvajь (accusative singular)
korvaja (accusative dual)
korvaję̇ (accusative plural)
korvajьmь (instrumental singular)
korvajemь (instrumental singular)
korvajema (dual instrumental)
korvaji (instrumental plural)
korvaji (locative singular)
korvaju (dual locative)
korvajixъ (locative plural)
korvaju (singular vocative)
korvaja (dual vocative)
korvaji (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: короваи (korovai)

Old Ruthenian: корова́й (korováj)

Ukrainian: корова́й (korováj)

→ Polish: korowaj

Russian: карава́й (karaváj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: краваи (kravai)

Bulgarian: крава́й (kraváj)

Macedonian: кравај (kravaj)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кра̀ва̄ј

Latin script: kràvāj

Slovene: kravȃj, krávaj

West Slavic:

Slovak: krajec

Either from *korva (“cow”) + *-jь or less likely from Pre-Slavic *korvъ (“curved”) + *-ajь, effectively cognate with Latin curvus. The lemma is found mainly throughout East and South Slavic. West Slavic only employs the synonym Proto-Slavic *kolačь.
The etymology from *korva is based on the assumption that kravais are given to the bride during wedding as a symbol of fertility (associated with cows).


vъzduxъ

vъzduxъ (nominative singular)
vъzduxa (dual nominative)
vъzduśi (nominative plural)
vъzduxa (genitive singular)
vъzduxu (dual genitive)
vъzduxъ (genitive plural)
vъzduxu (dative singular)
vъzduxoma (dative dual)
vъzduxomъ (dative plural)
vъzduxъ (accusative singular)
vъzduxa (accusative dual)
vъzduxy (accusative plural)
vъzduxъmь (instrumental singular)
vъzduxomь (instrumental singular)
vъzduxoma (dual instrumental)
vъzduxy (instrumental plural)
vъzduśě (locative singular)
vъzduxu (dual locative)
vъzduśěxъ (locative plural)
vъzduše (singular vocative)
vъzduxa (dual vocative)
vъzduśi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Carpathian Rusyn: во́здух (vózdux)

→ Pannonian Rusyn: воздух (vozdux)

Russian: воздух (vozdux) (spread from Church Slavonic)

→ Czech: vzduch

→ Slovak: vzduch

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: въздоухъ (vŭzduxŭ)

→ Romanian: văzduh

Bulgarian: въ́здух (vǎ́zduh)

Macedonian: воздух (vozduh)

Serbo-Croatian: (spread from Church Slavonic)

Cyrillic script: ва̀здух, у̏здух

Latin script: vàzduh, ȕzduh

From *vъz- (“up, above”) + *duxъ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰews-, an s-extension of *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”).

air (secondary, possibly post Common Slavic)


persky

persky (nominative singular)
perskъvi (dual nominative)
perskъvi (nominative plural)
perskъve (genitive singular)
perskъvu (dual genitive)
perskъvъ (genitive plural)
perskъvi (dative singular)
perskъvьma (dative dual)
perskъvama (dative dual)
perskъvьmъ (dative plural)
perskъvamъ (dative plural)
perskъvь (accusative singular)
perskъvi (accusative dual)
perskъvi (accusative plural)
perskъvьjǫ (instrumental singular)
perskъvľǫ (instrumental singular)
perskъvьma (dual instrumental)
perskъvama (dual instrumental)
perskъvьmi (instrumental plural)
perskъvami (instrumental plural)
perskъve (locative singular)
perskъvu (dual locative)
perskъvьxъ (locative plural)
perskъvaxъ (locative plural)
persky (singular vocative)
perskъvi (dual vocative)
perskъvi (plural vocative)
*bersky (alternative)
*porsky (alternative)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: пра́скова (práskova), пра́сква (práskva), пра́скъва (práskǎva), пра́скува (práskuva), пра́ска (práska), пра́сквя (práskvja), пра́ська (prásʹka), пра́скя (práskja), пра́скье (práskje), пра́сковье (práskovje), пра́скъ f (prásk) — dialectal

Macedonian: праска (praska)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бре̏сква, dialectally бра̏сква, пра̏сква, пра̏ска, бре̏ска, бри̏ска, бри̏сква

Latin script: brȅskva, dialectally brȁskva, prȁskva, prȁska, brȅska, brȉska, brȉskva

Slovene: brẹ́skəv, dialectally brẹ̑skva

→ Aromanian: prascã

→ Hungarian: barack

West Slavic:

Czech: břeskev, replaced by confusion with broskev

Polish: brzoskiew

⇒ Polish: brzoskwinia

→ Russian: броскви́на (broskvína), брускви́на (bruskvína), брусвына (brusvyna), бросква (broskva), бросквиня (broskvinja), бросвины (brosviny)

→ Middle Ukrainian: бросквинъ (broskvyn)

Ukrainian: бросквина (broskvyna), броскви́ня (broskvýnja), брускви́на (bruskvýna), брускви́ня (bruskvýnja), брусвина (brusvyna), брескви́ня (breskvýnja), броскви́ння (broskvýnnja), броски́ння (broskýnnja)

Old Slovak: breskev, breskva, breskyňa, broskyňa

Pannonian Rusyn: брескиня (breskinja)

Slovak: broskyňa, formerly dialectally broskva, broskev

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: brjaschen, rjaschen, brjaskeẃ, brjasken (of which rjaschen prevails)

Upper Sorbian: brěska f, brěšk m

From Latin persica, possibly via Byzantine Greek περσίκιον (persíkion). The form *bersky arose by contamination with *borsky (“rutabaga”).


brosky

brosky (nominative singular)
broskъvi (dual nominative)
broskъvi (nominative plural)
broskъve (genitive singular)
broskъvu (dual genitive)
broskъvъ (genitive plural)
broskъvi (dative singular)
broskъvьma (dative dual)
broskъvama (dative dual)
broskъvьmъ (dative plural)
broskъvamъ (dative plural)
broskъvь (accusative singular)
broskъvi (accusative dual)
broskъvi (accusative plural)
broskъvьjǫ (instrumental singular)
broskъvľǫ (instrumental singular)
broskъvьma (dual instrumental)
broskъvama (dual instrumental)
broskъvьmi (instrumental plural)
broskъvami (instrumental plural)
broskъve (locative singular)
broskъvu (dual locative)
broskъvьxъ (locative plural)
broskъvaxъ (locative plural)
brosky (singular vocative)
broskъvi (dual vocative)
broskъvi (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бро̏сква

Latin script: brȍskva

Slovene: bróskəv, brȏskva

West Slavic:

Czech: broskev

Polish: (etymological) broskiew, (more common) brzoskiew

From Latin brassica (in Vulgar Latin bearing the form brasca). Not to be confused with the forms under German Wruke (“neep, rutabaga”) or Proto-Slavic *bersky (“peach”).


bersky

bersky (nominative singular)
berskъvi (dual nominative)
berskъvi (nominative plural)
berskъve (genitive singular)
berskъvu (dual genitive)
berskъvъ (genitive plural)
berskъvi (dative singular)
berskъvьma (dative dual)
berskъvama (dative dual)
berskъvьmъ (dative plural)
berskъvamъ (dative plural)
berskъvь (accusative singular)
berskъvi (accusative dual)
berskъvi (accusative plural)
berskъvьjǫ (instrumental singular)
berskъvľǫ (instrumental singular)
berskъvьma (dual instrumental)
berskъvama (dual instrumental)
berskъvьmi (instrumental plural)
berskъvami (instrumental plural)
berskъve (locative singular)
berskъvu (dual locative)
berskъvьxъ (locative plural)
berskъvaxъ (locative plural)
bersky (singular vocative)
berskъvi (dual vocative)
berskъvi (plural vocative)


porsky

porsky (nominative singular)
porskъvi (dual nominative)
porskъvi (nominative plural)
porskъve (genitive singular)
porskъvu (dual genitive)
porskъvъ (genitive plural)
porskъvi (dative singular)
porskъvьma (dative dual)
porskъvama (dative dual)
porskъvьmъ (dative plural)
porskъvamъ (dative plural)
porskъvь (accusative singular)
porskъvi (accusative dual)
porskъvi (accusative plural)
porskъvьjǫ (instrumental singular)
porskъvľǫ (instrumental singular)
porskъvьma (dual instrumental)
porskъvama (dual instrumental)
porskъvьmi (instrumental plural)
porskъvami (instrumental plural)
porskъve (locative singular)
porskъvu (dual locative)
porskъvьxъ (locative plural)
porskъvaxъ (locative plural)
porsky (singular vocative)
porskъvi (dual vocative)
porskъvi (plural vocative)


redьky

rèdъky (canonical feminine)
rèdьky (nominative singular)
rèdьkъvi (dual nominative)
rèdьkъvi (nominative plural)
rèdьkъve (genitive singular)
rèdьkъvu (dual genitive)
rèdьkъvъ (genitive plural)
rèdьkъvi (dative singular)
rèdьkъvьma (dative dual)
rèdьkъvama (dative dual)
rèdьkъvьmъ (dative plural)
rèdьkъvamъ (dative plural)
rèdьkъvь (accusative singular)
rèdьkъvi (accusative dual)
rèdьkъvi (accusative plural)
rèdьkъvьjǫ (instrumental singular)
rèdьkъvľǭ (instrumental singular)
rèdьkъvьma (dual instrumental)
rèdьkъvama (dual instrumental)
rèdьkъvьmī (instrumental plural)
rèdьkъvamī (instrumental plural)
rèdьkъve (locative singular)
rèdьkъvu (dual locative)
rèdьkъvьxъ (locative plural)
rèdьkъvaxъ (locative plural)
rèdьky (singular vocative)
rèdьkъvi (dual vocative)
rèdьkъvi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: рэ́дзька (rédzʹka)

Russian: ре́дька (rédʹka)

Ukrainian: ре́дька (rédʹka)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ръдъ́ква (rǎdǎ́kva), ръдо́ква (rǎdókva) (dialectal, rare)

Macedonian: ротква (rotkva), ’рдоква (’rdokva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ро̏тква, also рода̀ква

Latin script: rȍtkva, also rodàkva

Slovene: rédkəv, dialectally rédkva, also written rétkəv

West Slavic:

Czech: ředkev

Polish: rzodkiew

Slovak: reďkev, formerly also reďkva, redekva, retkev, retkva

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: rjadkej, rjatkej

Upper Sorbian: rjedkej, rjetkej

→ Hungarian: retek

From Old Saxon redik, see German Rettich, English radish and other West Germanic terms, from Latin rādīx (“root”).


rěpa

rě̀pa (canonical feminine)
rě̀pa (nominative singular)
rě̀pě (dual nominative)
rě̀py (nominative plural)
rě̀py (genitive singular)
rě̀pu (dual genitive)
rě̀pъ (genitive plural)
rě̀pě (dative singular)
rě̀pama (dative dual)
rě̀pamъ (dative plural)
rě̀pǫ (accusative singular)
rě̀pě (accusative dual)
rě̀py (accusative plural)
rě̀pojǫ (instrumental singular)
rě̀pǭ (instrumental singular)
rě̀pama (dual instrumental)
rě̀pamī (instrumental plural)
rě̀pě (locative singular)
rě̀pu (dual locative)
rě̀pasъ (locative plural)
rě̀paxъ (locative plural)
rě̀po (singular vocative)
rě̀pě (dual vocative)
rě̀py (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: рѣпа (rěpa)

Belarusian: рэ́па (répa)

Russian: ре́па (répa)

Carpathian Rusyn: ріпа (ripa)

Ukrainian: рі́па (rípa)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: рѣпа (rěpa)

Glagolitic script: ⱃⱑⱂⰰ (rěpa)

Bulgarian: ря́па (rjápa), ре́па (répa) — in e-kavian dialects

Macedonian: репа (repa)

Serbo-Croatian: (generally without Ijekavism)

Cyrillic script: ре̏па

Latin script: rȅpa

Slovene: rẹ́pa

West Slavic:

Old Czech: řěpa

Czech: řepa, řípa (dialectal)

Polabian: repo, repă

Polish: rzepa

Slovak: repa

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: rěpa

Upper Sorbian: rěpa

→? Albanian: rrepë

→ Hungarian: répa

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rēpā́ˀ, *rāpā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)rāp-éh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)rḗps, (s)rā́ps. Cognate with Lithuanian rópė (“turnip”).


lukъ

lukъ (nominative singular)
lùka (dual nominative)
lùci (nominative plural)
lùka (genitive singular)
lùku (dual genitive)
lùkъ (genitive plural)
lùku (dative singular)
lùkoma (dative dual)
lùkomъ (dative plural)
lukъ (accusative singular)
lùka (accusative dual)
lùky (accusative plural)
lùkъmь (instrumental singular)
lùkomь (instrumental singular)
lùkoma (dual instrumental)
lùkȳ (instrumental plural)
lùcě (locative singular)
lùku (dual locative)
lùcě̄xъ (locative plural)
lùče (singular vocative)
lùka (dual vocative)
lùci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: лукъ (lukŭ, “onion”)

Old Ruthenian: лукъ (luk, “onion”)

Belarusian: лук (luk, “onion”) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: лук (luk, “onion”) (dialectal)

Russian: лук (luk, “onion; garlic”) (see there for further descendants)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: лоукъ (lukŭ, “garlic, onion”)

Glagolitic script: ⰾⱆⰽⱏ (lukŭ, “garlic, onion”)

Bulgarian: лук (luk, “onion; garlic”)

Macedonian: лук (luk, “garlic”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: лу̏к (“onion; garlic”)

Latin script: lȕk (“onion; garlic”)

Old Slovene: luk (“onion”)

Slovene: lùk (“leek, onion”); lòk (“garlic”) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: luk (“garlic”)

Polabian: lauk (“garlic”)

Kashubian: łëk (“chives”)

Old Polish: łuk (“leek”)

Polish: łuk (“garlic; hyacinth”) (regional)

Slovak: luk (regional)

Baltic:

→ Latvian: loki

→ Old Lithuanian: lūkai

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *lewg- (“to bend”). Compare Low German look, Look, German Lauch, Swedish lök.

(usually uncountable) onion, leek (Allium cepa, Allium ampeloprasum and its bulb and its leaves)


zelьje

zèlьje (canonical neuter)
zelьje (nominative singular)
zelьja (genitive singular)
zelьju (dative singular)
zelьje (accusative singular)
zelьjьmь (instrumental singular)
zelьjemь (instrumental singular)
zelьji (locative singular)
zelьje (singular vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: зелье (zelĭje)

Old Ruthenian: зельє (zelʹje), зелїє (zelije), зеллє (zellje), зеллꙗ (zellja)

Belarusian: зе́лле (zjéllje)

Ukrainian: зі́лля (zíllja)

Russian: зе́лье (zélʹje, “potion”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: зелиѥ (zelije)

Bulgarian: зе́ле (zéle, “cabbage”)

⇒ Bulgarian: зелка (zelka)

Macedonian: зелје (zelje)

⇒ Macedonian: зелка (zelka, “cabbage”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: зе̑ље (“cabbage, spinach”)

Latin script: zȇlje (“cabbage, spinach”)

Slovene: zẹ́ljе (“vegetation, grass”)

West Slavic:

Czech: zelí (“cabbage”)

Polabian: ziľă (“grass”)

Polish: ziele

Slovak: ziele

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: zele

Upper Sorbian: zеlо

Collective noun from an earlier i-stem adjective *zelь + *-ьje, continuing Proto-Balto-Slavic *źelˀias (“green”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“green, yellow”). Baltic languages reflect almost the same lemma, however, with o-grade: Lithuanian žãlias (“green”), Latvian zaļš (“green”). Further cognate with Sanskrit हरि (hari, “golden, pale, yellow”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰárHiš.


zamъkъ

*zamъka (alternative)
zamъkъ (nominative singular)
zamъka (dual nominative)
zamъci (nominative plural)
zamъka (genitive singular)
zamъku (dual genitive)
zamъkъ (genitive plural)
zamъku (dative singular)
zamъkoma (dative dual)
zamъkomъ (dative plural)
zamъkъ (accusative singular)
zamъka (accusative dual)
zamъky (accusative plural)
zamъkъmь (instrumental singular)
zamъkomь (instrumental singular)
zamъkoma (dual instrumental)
zamъky (instrumental plural)
zamъcě (locative singular)
zamъku (dual locative)
zamъcěxъ (locative plural)
zamъče (singular vocative)
zamъka (dual vocative)
zamъci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: замъкъ (zamŭkŭ)

Old Ruthenian: замо́къ (zamók)

Belarusian: замо́к (zamók)

Ukrainian: замо́к (zamók)

Russian: замо́к (zamók)

Old Novgorodian: ꙁамъке (zamŭke)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: за́мек (zámek) (dialectal, dated)

Macedonian: замка (zamka)

⇒ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: за̑мка

Latin script: zȃmka

⇒ Slovene: zȃnka (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: zámek

Czech: zámek

Bohemian (Chod dialect): zámek

Kashubian: zómk

Old Polish: zamek

Polish: zamek

→ Belarusian: за́мак (zámak)

→ Russian: за́мок (zámok)

→ Bulgarian: замък (zamǎk)

→ Serbo-Croatian: замак

→ Macedonian: замок (zamok)

→ Ukrainian: за́мок (zámok)

Slovak: zámok

From *za- (“for”) + *mъkъ, action noun of Proto-Slavic *zamъknǫti (“to pull up, to drag”), related to *mъknǫti (“to move”).
In most modern languages, the descendant of this lemma conveys the meaning castle, which is a late calque of German Schloss, itself a calque of Latin clūsa.


zaduxъ

*zaduxa (alternative)
zaduxъ (nominative singular)
zaduxa (genitive singular)
zaduxu (dative singular)
zaduxъ (accusative singular)
zaduxъmь (instrumental singular)
zaduxomь (instrumental singular)
zaduśě (locative singular)
zaduše (singular vocative)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: задуха f (zaduxa)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: задоухъ (zaduxŭ)

→ Romanian: zăduf

desc

Bulgarian: задух m (zaduh, “asthma”), задуха f (zaduha)

Macedonian: задув (zaduv)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: за̏духа f

Latin script: zȁduha f

West Slavic:

Polish: zaduch n, zaducha f

From *za- (“for”) + *duxъ (“gasp”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰews-, an s-extension of *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”).


napitъkъ

*napitъka (alternative)
napitъkъ (nominative singular)
napitъka (dual nominative)
napitъci (nominative plural)
napitъka (genitive singular)
napitъku (dual genitive)
napitъkъ (genitive plural)
napitъku (dative singular)
napitъkoma (dative dual)
napitъkomъ (dative plural)
napitъkъ (accusative singular)
napitъka (accusative dual)
napitъky (accusative plural)
napitъkъmь (instrumental singular)
napitъkomь (instrumental singular)
napitъkoma (dual instrumental)
napitъkȳ (instrumental plural)
napitъcě (locative singular)
napitъku (dual locative)
napitъcě̄xъ (locative plural)
napitъče (singular vocative)
napitъka (dual vocative)
napitъci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: напі́так (napítak)

Russian: напи́ток (napítok)

Ukrainian: напи́ток (napýtok)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: напи́тка f (napítka) (influenced by Russian)

Macedonian: на́питок (nápitok)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: на́питак

Latin script: nápitak

Slovene: napȋtek

West Slavic:

Czech: nápitek

Polish: napitek

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: napitk

Product noun of *na- (“on”) + *piti (“to drink”), from an earlier u-stem Proto-Slavic *napitъ, extended with *-ъkъ. Possibly traces back to Proto-Balto-Slavic *peitus, based on the comparison with Lithuanian piẽtūs pl (“lunch, dinner”). The Lithuanian lemma differs slightly in meaning (and moreover exhibits mobile AP 4), which makes the relation to the Slavic lemma questionable.
Comparison with other languages points towards possible descend from Proto-Indo-European *peHy- (“to feed, to drink”) (see *peh₂- (“to nourish”), *peh₃- (“to drink”)). This root has lost its laryngeal already in pre-Balto-Slavic times due to Pinault's rule, hence, there is no trace of acute in Balto-Slavic. Probably also cognate with Sanskrit पितु (pitu, “juice, drink”) (see there for further discussion). It is possible that Proto-Indo-European *peyH- (“fat”) relates to the mentioned roots via Schwebeablaut.


lopěnъ

lopěnъ (nominative singular)
lopěna (dual nominative)
lopěni (nominative plural)
lopěna (genitive singular)
lopěnu (dual genitive)
lopěnъ (genitive plural)
lopěnu (dative singular)
lopěnoma (dative dual)
lopěnomъ (dative plural)
lopěnъ (accusative singular)
lopěna (accusative dual)
lopěny (accusative plural)
lopěnъmь (instrumental singular)
lopěnomь (instrumental singular)
lopěnoma (dual instrumental)
lopěny (instrumental plural)
lopěně (locative singular)
lopěnu (dual locative)
lopěněxъ (locative plural)
lopěne (singular vocative)
lopěna (dual vocative)
lopěni (plural vocative)
*lepěnъ (alternative)

East Slavic:

>? Russian: ло́пень (lópenʹ)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: ло̀пѐн (lòpèn), ло̀пя̀н (lòpjàn)

Macedonian: лопен (lopen)

Serbo-Croatian: (rare)

Cyrillic script: ло̀пен, лопѐника

Latin script: lòpen, lopènika

Slovene: lọ̑pen (tonal orthography) (rare)

West Slavic:

Czech: lopín (rare)

Old Polish: łopian

Polish: łopian

→ Old East Slavic: лопянъ (lopjanŭ)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: łoṕeno

Upper Sorbian: łopjeno

any plant with wide and flabby leaves, particularly


lepěnъ

lepěnъ (nominative singular)
lepěna (dual nominative)
lepěni (nominative plural)
lepěna (genitive singular)
lepěnu (dual genitive)
lepěnъ (genitive plural)
lepěnu (dative singular)
lepěnoma (dative dual)
lepěnomъ (dative plural)
lepěnъ (accusative singular)
lepěna (accusative dual)
lepěny (accusative plural)
lepěnъmь (instrumental singular)
lepěnomь (instrumental singular)
lepěnoma (dual instrumental)
lepěny (instrumental plural)
lepěně (locative singular)
lepěnu (dual locative)
lepěněxъ (locative plural)
lepěne (singular vocative)
lepěna (dual vocative)
lepěni (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: лепень (lepenĭ)

Russian: ле́пе́нь (lépénʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: лѐпѐн (lèpèn), лѐпя̀н (lèpjàn)

Macedonian: лопен (lopen)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ле̏пен, лјѐпика

Latin script: lȅpen, ljèpika

Slovene: lepén, lêpen

West Slavic:

Czech: lupen

Slovak: lupeň


padežь

padežь (nominative singular)
padeža (dual nominative)
padeži (nominative plural)
padeža (genitive singular)
padežu (dual genitive)
padežь (genitive plural)
padežu (dative singular)
padežema (dative dual)
padežemъ (dative plural)
padežь (accusative singular)
padeža (accusative dual)
padežę̇ (accusative plural)
padežьmь (instrumental singular)
padežemь (instrumental singular)
padežema (dual instrumental)
padeži (instrumental plural)
padeži (locative singular)
padežu (dual locative)
padežixъ (locative plural)
padežu (singular vocative)
padeža (dual vocative)
padeži (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: падежь (padežĭ)

Russian: падёж (padjóž, “murrain, cattle plague”), dial. па́деж (pádež, “waterfall”)

Ukrainian: паді́ж (padíž)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: падєжь (padežĭ)

Bulgarian: паде́ж (padéž, “case”)

Macedonian: падеж (padež, “case”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: па́деж (“case”)

Latin script: pádež (“case”)

→ Russian: паде́ж (padéž, “case”)

→ Polish: padież (“case”) (rarely)

Macedonian: падеж (padež, “fall”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: па́деж (“waterfall”)

Latin script: pádež (“waterfall”)

Slovene: pȃdež

Action noun of *pasti (“to fall”) + *-ežь.


valežь

valežь (nominative singular)
valeža (dual nominative)
valeži (nominative plural)
valeža (genitive singular)
valežu (dual genitive)
valežь (genitive plural)
valežu (dative singular)
valežema (dative dual)
valežemъ (dative plural)
valežь (accusative singular)
valeža (accusative dual)
valežę̇ (accusative plural)
valežьmь (instrumental singular)
valežemь (instrumental singular)
valežema (dual instrumental)
valeži (instrumental plural)
valeži (locative singular)
valežu (dual locative)
valežixъ (locative plural)
valežu (singular vocative)
valeža (dual vocative)
valeži (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: ва́леж (válež)

Ukrainian: валіж (valiž)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: вале́ж (valéž)

Slovene: valež (rare)

Action noun of *valiti (“to crumble, to revolve”) + *-ežь. Akin to Lithuanian volė̃ (“roller”).

affix

fall, deadfall (including for rain, snowfall)


golvъ

golvъ (masculine nominative singular)
golva (feminine nominative singular)
golvo (neuter nominative singular)
golva (genitive masculine singular)
golvy (feminine genitive singular)
golva (genitive neuter singular)
golvu (dative masculine singular)
golvě (dative feminine singular)
golvu (dative neuter singular)
golvъ (accusative masculine singular)
golvǫ (accusative feminine singular)
golvo (accusative neuter singular)
golvomь (instrumental masculine singular)
golvojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
golvomь (instrumental neuter singular)
golvě (locative masculine singular)
golvě (feminine locative singular)
golvě (locative neuter singular)
golve (masculine singular vocative)
golvo (feminine singular vocative)
golvo (neuter singular vocative)
golva (dual masculine nominative)
golvě (dual feminine nominative)
golvě (dual neuter nominative)
golvu (dual genitive masculine)
golvu (dual feminine genitive)
golvu (dual genitive neuter)
golvoma (dative dual masculine)
golvama (dative dual feminine)
golvoma (dative dual neuter)
golva (accusative dual masculine)
golvě (accusative dual feminine)
golvě (accusative dual neuter)
golvoma (dual instrumental masculine)
golvama (dual feminine instrumental)
golvoma (dual instrumental neuter)
golvu (dual locative masculine)
golvu (dual feminine locative)
golvu (dual locative neuter)
golva (dual masculine vocative)
golvě (dual feminine vocative)
golvě (dual neuter vocative)
golvi (masculine nominative plural)
golvy (feminine nominative plural)
golva (neuter nominative plural)
golvъ (genitive masculine plural)
golvъ (feminine genitive plural)
golvъ (genitive neuter plural)
golvomъ (dative masculine plural)
golvamъ (dative feminine plural)
golvomъ (dative neuter plural)
golvy (accusative masculine plural)
golvy (accusative feminine plural)
golva (accusative neuter plural)
golvy (instrumental masculine plural)
golvami (feminine instrumental plural)
golvy (instrumental neuter plural)
golvěxъ (locative masculine plural)
golvaxъ (feminine locative plural)
golvěxъ (locative neuter plural)
golvi (masculine plural vocative)
golvy (feminine plural vocative)
golva (neuter plural vocative)
golvъjь (masculine nominative singular)
golvaja (feminine nominative singular)
golvoje (neuter nominative singular)
golvajego (genitive masculine singular)
golvyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
golvajego (genitive neuter singular)
golvujemu (dative masculine singular)
golvěji (dative feminine singular)
golvujemu (dative neuter singular)
golvъjь (accusative masculine singular)
golvǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
golvoje (accusative neuter singular)
golvyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
golvǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
golvyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
golvějemь (locative masculine singular)
golvěji (feminine locative singular)
golvějemь (locative neuter singular)
golvъjь (masculine singular vocative)
golvaja (feminine singular vocative)
golvoje (neuter singular vocative)
golvaja (dual masculine nominative)
golvěji (dual feminine nominative)
golvěji (dual neuter nominative)
golvuju (dual genitive masculine)
golvuju (dual feminine genitive)
golvuju (dual genitive neuter)
golvyjima (dative dual masculine)
golvyjima (dative dual feminine)
golvyjima (dative dual neuter)
golvaja (accusative dual masculine)
golvěji (accusative dual feminine)
golvěji (accusative dual neuter)
golvyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
golvyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
golvyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
golvuju (dual locative masculine)
golvuju (dual feminine locative)
golvuju (dual locative neuter)
golvaja (dual masculine vocative)
golvěji (dual feminine vocative)
golvěji (dual neuter vocative)
golviji (masculine nominative plural)
golvyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
golvaja (neuter nominative plural)
golvъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
golvъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
golvъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
golvyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
golvyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
golvyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
golvyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
golvyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
golvaja (accusative neuter plural)
golvyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
golvyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
golvyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
golvyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
golvyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
golvyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
golviji (masculine plural vocative)
golvyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
golvaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: голо́вый (golóvyj)

desc

гологоло́вый

⇒ Russian: безголо́вый (bezgolóvyj), гологоло́вый (gologolóvyj)

Ukrainian: -голо́вий (-holóvyj)

багатоголо́вий

пустоголо́вий

⇒ Ukrainian: безголо́вий (bezholóvyj), багатоголо́вий (bahatoholóvyj), пустоголо́вий (pustoholóvyj), двуголо́вий (dvuholóvyj), триголо́вий (tryholóvyj)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: -глaв (-glav)

⇒ Bulgarian: гологлав (gologlav), вироглав (viroglav), въртоглав (vǎrtoglav), твърдоглав (tvǎrdoglav), кухоглав (kuhoglav), празноглав (praznoglav)

Macedonian: -глaв (-glav)

⇒ Macedonian: гологлав (gologlav), вртоглав (vrtoglav), тврдоглав (tvrdoglav), празноглав (praznoglav)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гла̀вијӣ

Latin script: glàvijī

Slovene: glȃvji

Slovene: gologlàv

West Slavic:

Czech: -hlavý

⇒ Czech: bezhlavý, holohlavý

Slovak: -hlavý

⇒ Slovak: bezhlavý, holohlavý

From Proto-Indo-European *gelH- (“bald, naked”) + *-vъ. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *kalwaz (“bald”).


sojьka

sòjьka (canonical feminine)
sojьka (nominative singular)
sojьcě (dual nominative)
sojьky (nominative plural)
sojьky (genitive singular)
sojьku (dual genitive)
sojьkъ (genitive plural)
sojьcě (dative singular)
sojьkama (dative dual)
sojьkamъ (dative plural)
sojьkǫ (accusative singular)
sojьcě (accusative dual)
sojьky (accusative plural)
sojьkojǫ (instrumental singular)
sojьkǫ (instrumental singular)
sojьkama (dual instrumental)
sojьkami (instrumental plural)
sojьcě (locative singular)
sojьku (dual locative)
sojьkasъ (locative plural)
sojьkaxъ (locative plural)
sojьko (singular vocative)
sojьcě (dual vocative)
sojьky (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: со́йка (sójka)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: со́йка (sójka), dial. осо́йка (osójka)

→ Romanian: zaică

Macedonian: сојка (sojka), dial. осојка (osojka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: со̑јка, шо̑јка, dial. осојка

Latin script: sȏjka, šȏjka, dial. osojka

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sojka

Czech: sojka

Bohemian (Chod dialect): sojka

Kashubian: sójka

Old Polish: sojka

Polish: sójka

Slovak: sojka

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: szajkó


sěvati

sěvàti (canonical imperfective)
sěvanьje (noun-from-verb)
sěvati (infinitive)
sěvatъ (supine)
sěvalъ (l-participle)
sěvavъ (active participle past)
sěvaję (active participle present)
sěvaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sěva (aorist second-person singular)
sěva (aorist singular third-person)
sěvajǫ (first-person present singular)
sěvaješi (present second-person singular)
sěvajetь (present singular third-person)
sěvaxově (aorist dual first-person)
sěvasta (aorist dual second-person)
sěvaste (aorist dual third-person)
sěvajevě (dual first-person present)
sěvajeta (dual present second-person)
sěvajete (dual present third-person)
sěvaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sěvaste (aorist plural second-person)
sěvašę (aorist plural third-person)
sěvajemъ (first-person plural present)
sěvajete (plural present second-person)
sěvajǫtь (plural present third-person)
sěvaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sěvaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sěvaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sěvaji (imperative second-person singular)
sěvaji (imperative singular third-person)
sěvaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sěvaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sěvaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sěvajivě (dual first-person imperative)
sěvajita (dual imperative second-person)
sěvaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sěvaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sěvaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sěvajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sěvajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: ся́вам (sjávam, “to glimmer, to blink”)

⇒ Bulgarian: ося́вам (osjávam, “to enlighten”) (+ о- (o-))

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: се́вати

Latin script: sévati

Slovene: sẹ́vati

Limited to South Slavic, formed as *sijati (“to shine, to illuminate”) + *-vati, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₁y- (“to shine”).


sěvati

sěvanьje (noun-from-verb)
sěvati (infinitive)
sěvatъ (supine)
sěvalъ (l-participle)
sěvanъ (participle passive past)
sěvajemъ (participle passive present)
sěvavъ (active participle past)
sěvaję (active participle present)
sěvaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sěva (aorist second-person singular)
sěva (aorist singular third-person)
sěvajǫ (first-person present singular)
sěvaješi (present second-person singular)
sěvajetь (present singular third-person)
sěvaxově (aorist dual first-person)
sěvasta (aorist dual second-person)
sěvaste (aorist dual third-person)
sěvajevě (dual first-person present)
sěvajeta (dual present second-person)
sěvajete (dual present third-person)
sěvaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sěvaste (aorist plural second-person)
sěvašę (aorist plural third-person)
sěvajemъ (first-person plural present)
sěvajete (plural present second-person)
sěvajǫtь (plural present third-person)
sěvaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sěvaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sěvaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sěvaji (imperative second-person singular)
sěvaji (imperative singular third-person)
sěvaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sěvaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sěvaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sěvajivě (dual first-person imperative)
sěvajita (dual imperative second-person)
sěvaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sěvaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sěvaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sěvajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sěvajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: -сева́ть (-sevátʹ)

desc

⇒ Russian: се́в (sév), засева́ть (zasevátʹ), обсева́ть (obsevátʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: -ся́вам (-sjávam)

⇒ Bulgarian: зася́вам (zasjávam), насявам (nasjavam), разсявам (razsjavam), посявам (posjavam), всявам (vsjavam)

Macedonian: -сeва (-seva)

⇒ Macedonian: засева (zaseva), насева (naseva), посева (poseva), всева (vseva)

Slovene: zasẹ́vati, vsẹ́vati

Indirectly attested in derivatives, formed as *sěti (“to sow”) + *-vati, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁- (“to sow, to plant”).


sěvati

East Slavic:

Russian: -сева́ть (-sevátʹ)

⇒ Russian: отсева́ть (otsevátʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: -ся́вам (-sjávam)

desc

⇒ Bulgarian: пресявам (presjavam), отсявам (otsjavam)

Macedonian: -сeва (-seva)

⇒ Macedonian: пресева (preseva), отсева (otseva)

Indirectly attested in derivatives, formed as *sěti (“to sieve”) + *-vati, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁y- (“to sieve”).


bojьkъ

bojьkъ (masculine nominative singular)
bojьka (feminine nominative singular)
bojьko (neuter nominative singular)
bojьka (genitive masculine singular)
bojьky (feminine genitive singular)
bojьka (genitive neuter singular)
bojьku (dative masculine singular)
bojьcě (dative feminine singular)
bojьku (dative neuter singular)
bojьkъ (accusative masculine singular)
bojьkǫ (accusative feminine singular)
bojьko (accusative neuter singular)
bojьkomь (instrumental masculine singular)
bojьkojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
bojьkomь (instrumental neuter singular)
bojьcě (locative masculine singular)
bojьcě (feminine locative singular)
bojьcě (locative neuter singular)
bojьče (masculine singular vocative)
bojьko (feminine singular vocative)
bojьko (neuter singular vocative)
bojьka (dual masculine nominative)
bojьcě (dual feminine nominative)
bojьcě (dual neuter nominative)
bojьku (dual genitive masculine)
bojьku (dual feminine genitive)
bojьku (dual genitive neuter)
bojьkoma (dative dual masculine)
bojьkama (dative dual feminine)
bojьkoma (dative dual neuter)
bojьka (accusative dual masculine)
bojьcě (accusative dual feminine)
bojьcě (accusative dual neuter)
bojьkoma (dual instrumental masculine)
bojьkama (dual feminine instrumental)
bojьkoma (dual instrumental neuter)
bojьku (dual locative masculine)
bojьku (dual feminine locative)
bojьku (dual locative neuter)
bojьka (dual masculine vocative)
bojьcě (dual feminine vocative)
bojьcě (dual neuter vocative)
bojьci (masculine nominative plural)
bojьky (feminine nominative plural)
bojьka (neuter nominative plural)
bojьkъ (genitive masculine plural)
bojьkъ (feminine genitive plural)
bojьkъ (genitive neuter plural)
bojьkomъ (dative masculine plural)
bojьkamъ (dative feminine plural)
bojьkomъ (dative neuter plural)
bojьky (accusative masculine plural)
bojьky (accusative feminine plural)
bojьka (accusative neuter plural)
bojьky (instrumental masculine plural)
bojьkami (feminine instrumental plural)
bojьky (instrumental neuter plural)
bojьcěxъ (locative masculine plural)
bojьkaxъ (feminine locative plural)
bojьcěxъ (locative neuter plural)
bojьci (masculine plural vocative)
bojьky (feminine plural vocative)
bojьka (neuter plural vocative)
bojьkъjь (masculine nominative singular)
bojьkaja (feminine nominative singular)
bojьkoje (neuter nominative singular)
bojьkajego (genitive masculine singular)
bojьkyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
bojьkajego (genitive neuter singular)
bojьkujemu (dative masculine singular)
bojьcěji (dative feminine singular)
bojьkujemu (dative neuter singular)
bojьkъjь (accusative masculine singular)
bojьkǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
bojьkoje (accusative neuter singular)
bojьkyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
bojьkǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
bojьkyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
bojьcějemь (locative masculine singular)
bojьcěji (feminine locative singular)
bojьcějemь (locative neuter singular)
bojьkъjь (masculine singular vocative)
bojьkaja (feminine singular vocative)
bojьkoje (neuter singular vocative)
bojьkaja (dual masculine nominative)
bojьcěji (dual feminine nominative)
bojьcěji (dual neuter nominative)
bojьkuju (dual genitive masculine)
bojьkuju (dual feminine genitive)
bojьkuju (dual genitive neuter)
bojьkyjima (dative dual masculine)
bojьkyjima (dative dual feminine)
bojьkyjima (dative dual neuter)
bojьkaja (accusative dual masculine)
bojьcěji (accusative dual feminine)
bojьcěji (accusative dual neuter)
bojьkyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
bojьkyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
bojьkyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
bojьkuju (dual locative masculine)
bojьkuju (dual feminine locative)
bojьkuju (dual locative neuter)
bojьkaja (dual masculine vocative)
bojьcěji (dual feminine vocative)
bojьcěji (dual neuter vocative)
bojьciji (masculine nominative plural)
bojьkyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
bojьkaja (neuter nominative plural)
bojьkъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
bojьkъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
bojьkъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
bojьkyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
bojьkyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
bojьkyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
bojьkyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
bojьkyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
bojьkaja (accusative neuter plural)
bojьkyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
bojьkyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
bojьkyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
bojьkyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
bojьkyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
bojьkyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
bojьciji (masculine plural vocative)
bojьkyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
bojьkaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: бо́йкий (bójkij)

Ukrainian: бійкий (bijkyj)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бояк (bojak)

desc

⇒ Bulgarian: бойко (bojko, “bravely, energetically”) (adverb)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бо̀јак

Latin script: bòjak

Form an earlier u-stem adjective *bojъ + *-ьkъ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to fight”). Formally equivalent to Lithuanian bajùs (“terrible”), which is from the same PIE root but from another meaning to frighten (whence are Proto-Slavic *bojati (“to fear”), *bojaznь (“fear”)). The later is attested relatively late, though.


ranъ

rànъ (canonical)
rȃnъ (canonical)
ranъ (masculine nominative singular)
rana (feminine nominative singular)
rano (neuter nominative singular)
rana (genitive masculine singular)
rany (feminine genitive singular)
rana (genitive neuter singular)
ranu (dative masculine singular)
raně (dative feminine singular)
ranu (dative neuter singular)
ranъ (accusative masculine singular)
ranǫ (accusative feminine singular)
rano (accusative neuter singular)
ranomь (instrumental masculine singular)
ranojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
ranomь (instrumental neuter singular)
raně (locative masculine singular)
raně (feminine locative singular)
raně (locative neuter singular)
rane (masculine singular vocative)
rano (feminine singular vocative)
rano (neuter singular vocative)
rana (dual masculine nominative)
raně (dual feminine nominative)
raně (dual neuter nominative)
ranu (dual genitive masculine)
ranu (dual feminine genitive)
ranu (dual genitive neuter)
ranoma (dative dual masculine)
ranama (dative dual feminine)
ranoma (dative dual neuter)
rana (accusative dual masculine)
raně (accusative dual feminine)
raně (accusative dual neuter)
ranoma (dual instrumental masculine)
ranama (dual feminine instrumental)
ranoma (dual instrumental neuter)
ranu (dual locative masculine)
ranu (dual feminine locative)
ranu (dual locative neuter)
rana (dual masculine vocative)
raně (dual feminine vocative)
raně (dual neuter vocative)
rani (masculine nominative plural)
rany (feminine nominative plural)
rana (neuter nominative plural)
ranъ (genitive masculine plural)
ranъ (feminine genitive plural)
ranъ (genitive neuter plural)
ranomъ (dative masculine plural)
ranamъ (dative feminine plural)
ranomъ (dative neuter plural)
rany (accusative masculine plural)
rany (accusative feminine plural)
rana (accusative neuter plural)
rany (instrumental masculine plural)
ranami (feminine instrumental plural)
rany (instrumental neuter plural)
raněxъ (locative masculine plural)
ranaxъ (feminine locative plural)
raněxъ (locative neuter plural)
rani (masculine plural vocative)
rany (feminine plural vocative)
rana (neuter plural vocative)
ranъjь (masculine nominative singular)
ranaja (feminine nominative singular)
ranoje (neuter nominative singular)
ranajego (genitive masculine singular)
ranyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
ranajego (genitive neuter singular)
ranujemu (dative masculine singular)
raněji (dative feminine singular)
ranujemu (dative neuter singular)
ranъjь (accusative masculine singular)
ranǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
ranoje (accusative neuter singular)
ranyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
ranǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
ranyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
ranějemь (locative masculine singular)
raněji (feminine locative singular)
ranějemь (locative neuter singular)
ranъjь (masculine singular vocative)
ranaja (feminine singular vocative)
ranoje (neuter singular vocative)
ranaja (dual masculine nominative)
raněji (dual feminine nominative)
raněji (dual neuter nominative)
ranuju (dual genitive masculine)
ranuju (dual feminine genitive)
ranuju (dual genitive neuter)
ranyjima (dative dual masculine)
ranyjima (dative dual feminine)
ranyjima (dative dual neuter)
ranaja (accusative dual masculine)
raněji (accusative dual feminine)
raněji (accusative dual neuter)
ranyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
ranyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
ranyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
ranuju (dual locative masculine)
ranuju (dual feminine locative)
ranuju (dual locative neuter)
ranaja (dual masculine vocative)
raněji (dual feminine vocative)
raněji (dual neuter vocative)
raniji (masculine nominative plural)
ranyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
ranaja (neuter nominative plural)
ranъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
ranъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
ranъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
ranyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
ranyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
ranyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
ranyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
ranyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
ranaja (accusative neuter plural)
ranyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
ranyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
ranyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
ranyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
ranyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
ranyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
raniji (masculine plural vocative)
ranyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
ranaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

⇒ Belarusian: ра́нкi (ránki)

⇒ Russian: ранний (rannij); рано (rano)

⇒ Ukrainian: рано (rano); ранок (ranok)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ранъ (ranŭ)

Bulgarian: ран (ran) (obsolete), ра́нен (ránen)

Macedonian: ран (ran)

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: ran

Cyrillic script: ра̑н

Slovene: rȃn (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: raný

Czech: raný

desctree

Old Polish: rano, reno
Polish: rano
Silesian: rano

Polabian: ronǘ

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: reno

Slovincian: renô

Slovak: raný

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: rаnо

Upper Sorbian: rаnо

Possibly related to Latvian rîts and Lithuanian rýtas. Further etymology unclear; theories linking the root to Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰ- (“to be upright”) (whence Ancient Greek ὄρθρος (órthros, “early morning”)) and the root underlying Proto-Balto-Slavic *rádīˀtei (“to give birth, bear”) are speculative.


pozdьnъ

pozdь́nъ (canonical)
pozdьnъ (masculine nominative singular)
pozdьna (feminine nominative singular)
pozdьno (neuter nominative singular)
pozdьna (genitive masculine singular)
pozdьny (feminine genitive singular)
pozdьna (genitive neuter singular)
pozdьnu (dative masculine singular)
pozdьně (dative feminine singular)
pozdьnu (dative neuter singular)
pozdьnъ (accusative masculine singular)
pozdьnǫ (accusative feminine singular)
pozdьno (accusative neuter singular)
pozdьnomь (instrumental masculine singular)
pozdьnojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
pozdьnomь (instrumental neuter singular)
pozdьně (locative masculine singular)
pozdьně (feminine locative singular)
pozdьně (locative neuter singular)
pozdьne (masculine singular vocative)
pozdьno (feminine singular vocative)
pozdьno (neuter singular vocative)
pozdьna (dual masculine nominative)
pozdьně (dual feminine nominative)
pozdьně (dual neuter nominative)
pozdьnu (dual genitive masculine)
pozdьnu (dual feminine genitive)
pozdьnu (dual genitive neuter)
pozdьnoma (dative dual masculine)
pozdьnama (dative dual feminine)
pozdьnoma (dative dual neuter)
pozdьna (accusative dual masculine)
pozdьně (accusative dual feminine)
pozdьně (accusative dual neuter)
pozdьnoma (dual instrumental masculine)
pozdьnama (dual feminine instrumental)
pozdьnoma (dual instrumental neuter)
pozdьnu (dual locative masculine)
pozdьnu (dual feminine locative)
pozdьnu (dual locative neuter)
pozdьna (dual masculine vocative)
pozdьně (dual feminine vocative)
pozdьně (dual neuter vocative)
pozdьni (masculine nominative plural)
pozdьny (feminine nominative plural)
pozdьna (neuter nominative plural)
pozdьnъ (genitive masculine plural)
pozdьnъ (feminine genitive plural)
pozdьnъ (genitive neuter plural)
pozdьnomъ (dative masculine plural)
pozdьnamъ (dative feminine plural)
pozdьnomъ (dative neuter plural)
pozdьny (accusative masculine plural)
pozdьny (accusative feminine plural)
pozdьna (accusative neuter plural)
pozdьny (instrumental masculine plural)
pozdьnami (feminine instrumental plural)
pozdьny (instrumental neuter plural)
pozdьněxъ (locative masculine plural)
pozdьnaxъ (feminine locative plural)
pozdьněxъ (locative neuter plural)
pozdьni (masculine plural vocative)
pozdьny (feminine plural vocative)
pozdьna (neuter plural vocative)
pozdьnъjь (masculine nominative singular)
pozdьnaja (feminine nominative singular)
pozdьnoje (neuter nominative singular)
pozdьnajego (genitive masculine singular)
pozdьnyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
pozdьnajego (genitive neuter singular)
pozdьnujemu (dative masculine singular)
pozdьněji (dative feminine singular)
pozdьnujemu (dative neuter singular)
pozdьnъjь (accusative masculine singular)
pozdьnǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
pozdьnoje (accusative neuter singular)
pozdьnyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
pozdьnǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
pozdьnyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
pozdьnějemь (locative masculine singular)
pozdьněji (feminine locative singular)
pozdьnějemь (locative neuter singular)
pozdьnъjь (masculine singular vocative)
pozdьnaja (feminine singular vocative)
pozdьnoje (neuter singular vocative)
pozdьnaja (dual masculine nominative)
pozdьněji (dual feminine nominative)
pozdьněji (dual neuter nominative)
pozdьnuju (dual genitive masculine)
pozdьnuju (dual feminine genitive)
pozdьnuju (dual genitive neuter)
pozdьnyjima (dative dual masculine)
pozdьnyjima (dative dual feminine)
pozdьnyjima (dative dual neuter)
pozdьnaja (accusative dual masculine)
pozdьněji (accusative dual feminine)
pozdьněji (accusative dual neuter)
pozdьnyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
pozdьnyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
pozdьnyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
pozdьnuju (dual locative masculine)
pozdьnuju (dual feminine locative)
pozdьnuju (dual locative neuter)
pozdьnaja (dual masculine vocative)
pozdьněji (dual feminine vocative)
pozdьněji (dual neuter vocative)
pozdьniji (masculine nominative plural)
pozdьnyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
pozdьnaja (neuter nominative plural)
pozdьnъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
pozdьnъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
pozdьnъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
pozdьnyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
pozdьnyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
pozdьnyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
pozdьnyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
pozdьnyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
pozdьnaja (accusative neuter plural)
pozdьnyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
pozdьnyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
pozdьnyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
pozdьnyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
pozdьnyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
pozdьnyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
pozdьniji (masculine plural vocative)
pozdьnyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
pozdьnaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: поздьнъ (pozdĭnŭ)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: по́знїй (póznij), пѡ́знїй (pốznij), пу́знїй (púznij) — Middle Ukrainian, по́зный (póznyj)
Belarusian: по́зні (pózni); по́зны (pózny) (dialectal)
Carpathian Rusyn: пу́здный (púzdnŷj)
Ukrainian: пі́зній (píznij); пі́зний (píznyj) (dialectal)

Russian: по́здний (pózdnij)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: поздьнъ (pozdĭnŭ)

Bulgarian: по́зден (pózden) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: по̑зан

Latin script: pȏzan

Slovene: pózən (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: pozdní

Kashubian: pózny, pòzdny

Old Polish: pozdny

Polish: późny

Polabian: *püznĕ

⇒ Polabian: püznü

Slovak: pozdný

Slovincian: pózny

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pózdny

Upper Sorbian: pózdni

Formed from an earlier *pozdъ + *-ьnъ (compared Old East Slavic поздъ (pozdŭ), dialectal Russian по́здый (pózdyj), поздо́й (pozdój, “late”)), from Proto-Indo-European *pós. Akin to Latin post.

languid, tardy (with slow, idle, delayed effect or reaction)


cęta

cęta (nominative singular)
cę̀tě (dual nominative)
cę̀ty (nominative plural)
cę̀ty (genitive singular)
cę̀tu (dual genitive)
cę̀tъ (genitive plural)
cę̀tě (dative singular)
cę̀tama (dative dual)
cę̀tamъ (dative plural)
cę̀tǫ (accusative singular)
cę̀tě (accusative dual)
cę̀ty (accusative plural)
cę̀tojǫ (instrumental singular)
cę̀tǭ (instrumental singular)
cę̀tama (dual instrumental)
cę̀tamī (instrumental plural)
cę̀tě (locative singular)
cę̀tu (dual locative)
cę̀tasъ (locative plural)
cę̀taxъ (locative plural)
cę̀to (singular vocative)
cę̀tě (dual vocative)
cę̀ty (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: цята (cjata)

South Slavic:

Church Slavonic: цѧта (cęta)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: цета

Latin script: ceta

West Slavic:

Czech: cetka

Polish: cętka

Non-Slavic:

Romanian: țintă


bojьnъ

bojьnъ (masculine nominative singular)
bojьna (feminine nominative singular)
bojьno (neuter nominative singular)
bojьna (genitive masculine singular)
bojьny (feminine genitive singular)
bojьna (genitive neuter singular)
bojьnu (dative masculine singular)
bojьně (dative feminine singular)
bojьnu (dative neuter singular)
bojьnъ (accusative masculine singular)
bojьnǫ (accusative feminine singular)
bojьno (accusative neuter singular)
bojьnomь (instrumental masculine singular)
bojьnojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
bojьnomь (instrumental neuter singular)
bojьně (locative masculine singular)
bojьně (feminine locative singular)
bojьně (locative neuter singular)
bojьne (masculine singular vocative)
bojьno (feminine singular vocative)
bojьno (neuter singular vocative)
bojьna (dual masculine nominative)
bojьně (dual feminine nominative)
bojьně (dual neuter nominative)
bojьnu (dual genitive masculine)
bojьnu (dual feminine genitive)
bojьnu (dual genitive neuter)
bojьnoma (dative dual masculine)
bojьnama (dative dual feminine)
bojьnoma (dative dual neuter)
bojьna (accusative dual masculine)
bojьně (accusative dual feminine)
bojьně (accusative dual neuter)
bojьnoma (dual instrumental masculine)
bojьnama (dual feminine instrumental)
bojьnoma (dual instrumental neuter)
bojьnu (dual locative masculine)
bojьnu (dual feminine locative)
bojьnu (dual locative neuter)
bojьna (dual masculine vocative)
bojьně (dual feminine vocative)
bojьně (dual neuter vocative)
bojьni (masculine nominative plural)
bojьny (feminine nominative plural)
bojьna (neuter nominative plural)
bojьnъ (genitive masculine plural)
bojьnъ (feminine genitive plural)
bojьnъ (genitive neuter plural)
bojьnomъ (dative masculine plural)
bojьnamъ (dative feminine plural)
bojьnomъ (dative neuter plural)
bojьny (accusative masculine plural)
bojьny (accusative feminine plural)
bojьna (accusative neuter plural)
bojьny (instrumental masculine plural)
bojьnami (feminine instrumental plural)
bojьny (instrumental neuter plural)
bojьněxъ (locative masculine plural)
bojьnaxъ (feminine locative plural)
bojьněxъ (locative neuter plural)
bojьni (masculine plural vocative)
bojьny (feminine plural vocative)
bojьna (neuter plural vocative)
bojьnъjь (masculine nominative singular)
bojьnaja (feminine nominative singular)
bojьnoje (neuter nominative singular)
bojьnajego (genitive masculine singular)
bojьnyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
bojьnajego (genitive neuter singular)
bojьnujemu (dative masculine singular)
bojьněji (dative feminine singular)
bojьnujemu (dative neuter singular)
bojьnъjь (accusative masculine singular)
bojьnǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
bojьnoje (accusative neuter singular)
bojьnyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
bojьnǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
bojьnyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
bojьnějemь (locative masculine singular)
bojьněji (feminine locative singular)
bojьnějemь (locative neuter singular)
bojьnъjь (masculine singular vocative)
bojьnaja (feminine singular vocative)
bojьnoje (neuter singular vocative)
bojьnaja (dual masculine nominative)
bojьněji (dual feminine nominative)
bojьněji (dual neuter nominative)
bojьnuju (dual genitive masculine)
bojьnuju (dual feminine genitive)
bojьnuju (dual genitive neuter)
bojьnyjima (dative dual masculine)
bojьnyjima (dative dual feminine)
bojьnyjima (dative dual neuter)
bojьnaja (accusative dual masculine)
bojьněji (accusative dual feminine)
bojьněji (accusative dual neuter)
bojьnyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
bojьnyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
bojьnyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
bojьnuju (dual locative masculine)
bojьnuju (dual feminine locative)
bojьnuju (dual locative neuter)
bojьnaja (dual masculine vocative)
bojьněji (dual feminine vocative)
bojьněji (dual neuter vocative)
bojьniji (masculine nominative plural)
bojьnyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
bojьnaja (neuter nominative plural)
bojьnъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
bojьnъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
bojьnъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
bojьnyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
bojьnyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
bojьnyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
bojьnyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
bojьnyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
bojьnaja (accusative neuter plural)
bojьnyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
bojьnyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
bojьnyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
bojьnyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
bojьnyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
bojьnyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
bojьniji (masculine plural vocative)
bojьnyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
bojьnaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: бойный (bojnyj) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: бойний (bojnyj)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бо́ен (bóen)

Macedonian: боен (boen)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бо̑јнӣ

Latin script: bȏjnī

Slovene: bôjen

West Slavic:

Old Czech: bojný

Czech: bojný

Polish: bojny

Slovak: bojný

Formed as *bojь (“fight”) + *-ьnъ, from *bʰeyh₂- (“to strike, hew”).


bojьcь

bojьcь (nominative singular)
bojьca (dual nominative)
bojьci (nominative plural)
bojьca (genitive singular)
bojьcu (dual genitive)
bojьcь (genitive plural)
bojьcu (dative singular)
bojьcema (dative dual)
bojьcemъ (dative plural)
bojьcь (accusative singular)
bojьca (accusative dual)
bojьcę̇ (accusative plural)
bojьcьmь (instrumental singular)
bojьcemь (instrumental singular)
bojьcema (dual instrumental)
bojьci (instrumental plural)
bojьci (locative singular)
bojьcu (dual locative)
bojьcixъ (locative plural)
bojьče (singular vocative)
bojьca (dual vocative)
bojьci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: бое́ц (bojéc)

Ukrainian: боє́ць (bojécʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бое́ц (boéc)

Macedonian: боец (boec)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бо̀јац

Latin script: bòjac

Slovene: bȏjec

West Slavic:

Czech: bojec (archaic)

Agent noun of *bojь (“fight”) + *-ьcь, from *bʰeyh₂- (“to strike, hew”).


bojevъ

bojevъ (masculine nominative singular)
bojeva (feminine nominative singular)
bojevo (neuter nominative singular)
bojeva (genitive masculine singular)
bojevy (feminine genitive singular)
bojeva (genitive neuter singular)
bojevu (dative masculine singular)
bojevě (dative feminine singular)
bojevu (dative neuter singular)
bojevъ (accusative masculine singular)
bojevǫ (accusative feminine singular)
bojevo (accusative neuter singular)
bojevomь (instrumental masculine singular)
bojevojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
bojevomь (instrumental neuter singular)
bojevě (locative masculine singular)
bojevě (feminine locative singular)
bojevě (locative neuter singular)
bojeve (masculine singular vocative)
bojevo (feminine singular vocative)
bojevo (neuter singular vocative)
bojeva (dual masculine nominative)
bojevě (dual feminine nominative)
bojevě (dual neuter nominative)
bojevu (dual genitive masculine)
bojevu (dual feminine genitive)
bojevu (dual genitive neuter)
bojevoma (dative dual masculine)
bojevama (dative dual feminine)
bojevoma (dative dual neuter)
bojeva (accusative dual masculine)
bojevě (accusative dual feminine)
bojevě (accusative dual neuter)
bojevoma (dual instrumental masculine)
bojevama (dual feminine instrumental)
bojevoma (dual instrumental neuter)
bojevu (dual locative masculine)
bojevu (dual feminine locative)
bojevu (dual locative neuter)
bojeva (dual masculine vocative)
bojevě (dual feminine vocative)
bojevě (dual neuter vocative)
bojevi (masculine nominative plural)
bojevy (feminine nominative plural)
bojeva (neuter nominative plural)
bojevъ (genitive masculine plural)
bojevъ (feminine genitive plural)
bojevъ (genitive neuter plural)
bojevomъ (dative masculine plural)
bojevamъ (dative feminine plural)
bojevomъ (dative neuter plural)
bojevy (accusative masculine plural)
bojevy (accusative feminine plural)
bojeva (accusative neuter plural)
bojevy (instrumental masculine plural)
bojevami (feminine instrumental plural)
bojevy (instrumental neuter plural)
bojevěxъ (locative masculine plural)
bojevaxъ (feminine locative plural)
bojevěxъ (locative neuter plural)
bojevi (masculine plural vocative)
bojevy (feminine plural vocative)
bojeva (neuter plural vocative)
bojevъjь (masculine nominative singular)
bojevaja (feminine nominative singular)
bojevoje (neuter nominative singular)
bojevajego (genitive masculine singular)
bojevyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
bojevajego (genitive neuter singular)
bojevujemu (dative masculine singular)
bojevěji (dative feminine singular)
bojevujemu (dative neuter singular)
bojevъjь (accusative masculine singular)
bojevǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
bojevoje (accusative neuter singular)
bojevyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
bojevǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
bojevyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
bojevějemь (locative masculine singular)
bojevěji (feminine locative singular)
bojevějemь (locative neuter singular)
bojevъjь (masculine singular vocative)
bojevaja (feminine singular vocative)
bojevoje (neuter singular vocative)
bojevaja (dual masculine nominative)
bojevěji (dual feminine nominative)
bojevěji (dual neuter nominative)
bojevuju (dual genitive masculine)
bojevuju (dual feminine genitive)
bojevuju (dual genitive neuter)
bojevyjima (dative dual masculine)
bojevyjima (dative dual feminine)
bojevyjima (dative dual neuter)
bojevaja (accusative dual masculine)
bojevěji (accusative dual feminine)
bojevěji (accusative dual neuter)
bojevyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
bojevyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
bojevyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
bojevuju (dual locative masculine)
bojevuju (dual feminine locative)
bojevuju (dual locative neuter)
bojevaja (dual masculine vocative)
bojevěji (dual feminine vocative)
bojevěji (dual neuter vocative)
bojeviji (masculine nominative plural)
bojevyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
bojevaja (neuter nominative plural)
bojevъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
bojevъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
bojevъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
bojevyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
bojevyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
bojevyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
bojevyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
bojevyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
bojevaja (accusative neuter plural)
bojevyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
bojevyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
bojevyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
bojevyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
bojevyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
bojevyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
bojeviji (masculine plural vocative)
bojevyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
bojevaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: боево́й (bojevój)

Ukrainian: бойовий (bojovyj)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бое́в (boév)

West Slavic:

Czech: bojоvý

Polish: bojowy

Formed as *bojь (“fight”) + *-evъ, from *bʰeyh₂- (“to strike, hew”).


stęgъ

stęgъ (nominative singular)
stęga (dual nominative)
stędzi (nominative plural)
stęga (genitive singular)
stęgu (dual genitive)
stęgъ (genitive plural)
stęgu (dative singular)
stęgoma (dative dual)
stęgomъ (dative plural)
stęgъ (accusative singular)
stęga (accusative dual)
stęgy (accusative plural)
stęgъmь (instrumental singular)
stęgomь (instrumental singular)
stęgoma (dual instrumental)
stęgy (instrumental plural)
stędzě (locative singular)
stęgu (dual locative)
stędzěxъ (locative plural)
stęže (singular vocative)
stęga (dual vocative)
stędzi (plural vocative)

Probably borrowed from Old Norse stǫng (“bar, pole”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *stengʰ-, synonymous with South Slavic *stěgъ. Not all authors agree that the two forms are genetically related, despite their identical meaning.


loťika

loťika (nominative singular)
loťicě (dual nominative)
loťiky (nominative plural)
loťiky (genitive singular)
loťiku (dual genitive)
loťikъ (genitive plural)
loťicě (dative singular)
loťikama (dative dual)
loťikamъ (dative plural)
loťikǫ (accusative singular)
loťicě (accusative dual)
loťiky (accusative plural)
loťikojǫ (instrumental singular)
loťikǫ (instrumental singular)
loťikama (dual instrumental)
loťikami (instrumental plural)
loťicě (locative singular)
loťiku (dual locative)
loťikasъ (locative plural)
loťikaxъ (locative plural)
loťiko (singular vocative)
loťicě (dual vocative)
loťiky (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: лощика (loštika)

Bulgarian: лощика (loštika) (dialectal)

Macedonian: лоштика (loštika) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ло̀ћика

Latin script: lòćika

Slovene: ločíka, ločičje

West Slavic:

Old Czech: locika

Czech: locika, locyka

Old Polish: łoczyga, łocyga

Polish: łoczyga
→ Russian: лочи́га (ločíga)

Slovak: locika

Borrowed in the 7ᵗʰ–8ᵗʰ century from the Dalmatian Proto-Romance form of Latin lactūca. Borrowed into East Slavic only by horticulturalists in late Medieval times as Belarusian, Ukrainian and Russian лату́к (latúk).

salad plant from the Cichorieae tribe of the Asteraceae


blěknǫti

blěknovenьje (noun-from-verb)
blěknǫti (infinitive)
blěknǫtъ (supine)
blěknǫlъ (l-participle)
blěknovenъ (participle passive past)
blěknomъ (participle passive present)
blěknǫvъ (active participle past)
blěkny (active participle present)
blěknǫxъ (aorist first-person singular)
blěknǫ (aorist second-person singular)
blěknǫ (aorist singular third-person)
blěknǫ (first-person present singular)
blěkneši (present second-person singular)
blěknetь (present singular third-person)
blěknǫxově (aorist dual first-person)
blěknǫsta (aorist dual second-person)
blěknǫste (aorist dual third-person)
blěknevě (dual first-person present)
blěkneta (dual present second-person)
blěknete (dual present third-person)
blěknǫxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
blěknǫste (aorist plural second-person)
blěknǫšę (aorist plural third-person)
blěknemъ (first-person plural present)
blěknete (plural present second-person)
blěknǫtь (plural present third-person)
blěkněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
blěkněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
blěkněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
blěkni (imperative second-person singular)
blěkni (imperative singular third-person)
blěkněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
blěkněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
blěkněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
blěkněvě (dual first-person imperative)
blěkněta (dual imperative second-person)
blěkněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
blěkněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
blěkněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
blěkněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
blěkněte (imperative plural second-person)


bľukati

blyknǫti (perfective)
*blykati (alternative)
*bľuxati (alternative)
bľukanьje (noun-from-verb)
bľukati (infinitive)
bľukatъ (supine)
bľukalъ (l-participle)
bľukanъ (participle passive past)
bľukajemъ (participle passive present)
bľukavъ (active participle past)
bľukaję (active participle present)
bľukaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
bľuka (aorist second-person singular)
bľuka (aorist singular third-person)
bľukajǫ (first-person present singular)
bľukaješi (present second-person singular)
bľukajetь (present singular third-person)
bľukaxově (aorist dual first-person)
bľukasta (aorist dual second-person)
bľukaste (aorist dual third-person)
bľukajevě (dual first-person present)
bľukajeta (dual present second-person)
bľukajete (dual present third-person)
bľukaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bľukaste (aorist plural second-person)
bľukašę (aorist plural third-person)
bľukajemъ (first-person plural present)
bľukajete (plural present second-person)
bľukajǫtь (plural present third-person)
bľukaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bľukaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bľukaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bľukaji (imperative second-person singular)
bľukaji (imperative singular third-person)
bľukaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bľukaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bľukaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bľukajivě (dual first-person imperative)
bľukajita (dual imperative second-person)
bľukaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bľukaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bľukaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bľukajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bľukajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

⇒ Ukrainian: блю́хнути (bljúxnuty, “to spout”)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бли́кам (blíkam), бли́квам (blíkvam), dial. блю́кам (bljúkam)

Macedonian: блика (blika), бликнува (bliknuva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бли́хати (“to defecate”)

Latin script: blíhati (“to defecate”)

Probably from *bľuti (“to vomit”) + *-kati, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlewH- (“to overflow, to gush”). The Serbo-Croation and Ukrainian forms may reflect an ancient telic s-extension or may be of expressive origin. Akin to Ancient Greek φλύω (phlúō, “to boil over”), Latin fluō (“flow”).
Trubachev proposes instead origin from an earlier **bjukati, which is incompatible with the iterative form *blyjati > dial. Bulgarian блия (blija), Serbo-Croatian бли́јати.


bľuti

bľunǫti (perfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
bľutьje (noun-from-verb)
bľuti (infinitive)
bľutъ (supine)
bľulъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
bľutъ (participle passive past)
bľujemъ (participle passive present)
bľuvъ (active participle past)
bľuję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
bľuxъ (aorist first-person singular)
bľu (aorist second-person singular)
bľu (aorist singular third-person)
bľujǫ (first-person present singular)
bľuješi (present second-person singular)
bľujetь (present singular third-person)
bľuxově (aorist dual first-person)
bľusta (aorist dual second-person)
bľuste (aorist dual third-person)
bľujevě (dual first-person present)
bľujeta (dual present second-person)
bľujete (dual present third-person)
bľuxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bľuste (aorist plural second-person)
bľušę (aorist plural third-person)
bľujemъ (first-person plural present)
bľujete (plural present second-person)
bľujǫtь (plural present third-person)
bľujaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bľujaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bľujaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bľuji (imperative second-person singular)
bľuji (imperative singular third-person)
bľujaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bľujaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bľujaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bľujivě (dual first-person imperative)
bľujita (dual imperative second-person)
bľujaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bľujaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bľujaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bľujimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bľujite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: блю́я (bljúja), блю́вам (bljúvam)

Macedonian: блуе (blue) (aorist lost)

West Slavic:

Old Polish: bluć

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: bluś

Upper Sorbian: bleć

Root thematic present from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bljauˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlewH- (“to overflow, to gush”), reanalyzed later in most daughter languages.


blyjati

blyjanьje (noun-from-verb)
blyjati (infinitive)
blyjatъ (supine)
blyjalъ (l-participle)
blyjanъ (participle passive past)
blyjemъ (participle passive present)
blyjavъ (active participle past)
blyję (active participle present)
blyjaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
blyja (aorist second-person singular)
blyja (aorist singular third-person)
blyjǫ (first-person present singular)
blyješi (present second-person singular)
blyjetь (present singular third-person)
blyjaxově (aorist dual first-person)
blyjasta (aorist dual second-person)
blyjaste (aorist dual third-person)
blyjevě (dual first-person present)
blyjeta (dual present second-person)
blyjete (dual present third-person)
blyjaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
blyjaste (aorist plural second-person)
blyjašę (aorist plural third-person)
blyjemъ (first-person plural present)
blyjete (plural present second-person)
blyjǫtь (plural present third-person)
blyjaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
blyjaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
blyjaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
blyji (imperative second-person singular)
blyji (imperative singular third-person)
blyjaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
blyjaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
blyjaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
blyjivě (dual first-person imperative)
blyjita (dual imperative second-person)
blyjaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
blyjaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
blyjaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
blyjimъ (first-person imperative plural)
blyjite (imperative plural second-person)
blyjanьje (noun-from-verb)
blyjati (infinitive)
blyjatъ (supine)
blyjalъ (l-participle)
blyjanъ (participle passive past)
blyjajemъ (participle passive present)
blyjavъ (active participle past)
blyjaję (active participle present)
blyjaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
blyja (aorist second-person singular)
blyja (aorist singular third-person)
blyjajǫ (first-person present singular)
blyjaješi (present second-person singular)
blyjajetь (present singular third-person)
blyjaxově (aorist dual first-person)
blyjasta (aorist dual second-person)
blyjaste (aorist dual third-person)
blyjajevě (dual first-person present)
blyjajeta (dual present second-person)
blyjajete (dual present third-person)
blyjaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
blyjaste (aorist plural second-person)
blyjašę (aorist plural third-person)
blyjajemъ (first-person plural present)
blyjajete (plural present second-person)
blyjajǫtь (plural present third-person)
blyjaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
blyjaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
blyjaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
blyjaji (imperative second-person singular)
blyjaji (imperative singular third-person)
blyjaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
blyjaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
blyjaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
blyjajivě (dual first-person imperative)
blyjajita (dual imperative second-person)
blyjaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
blyjaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
blyjaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
blyjajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
blyjajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: блия (blija) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бли́јати (dialectal)

Latin script: blíjati (dialectal)

Essive of Proto-Indo-European *bʰlewH- (“to overflow, to gush”) + *-jati.

to spring continuously, to run (for fluid)


arębina

arębina (nominative singular)
arębině (dual nominative)
arębiny (nominative plural)
arębiny (genitive singular)
arębinu (dual genitive)
arębinъ (genitive plural)
arębině (dative singular)
arębinama (dative dual)
arębinamъ (dative plural)
arębinǫ (accusative singular)
arębině (accusative dual)
arębiny (accusative plural)
arębinojǫ (instrumental singular)
arębinǫ (instrumental singular)
arębinama (dual instrumental)
arębinami (instrumental plural)
arębině (locative singular)
arębinu (dual locative)
arębinasъ (locative plural)
arębinaxъ (locative plural)
arębino (singular vocative)
arębině (dual vocative)
arębiny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: рабі́на (rabína)

Russian: ряби́на (rjabína) and alleged others

→? Bulgarian: рябина (rjabina)

Ukrainian: гороби́на (horobýna) – (standard), dialectal forms include ряби́на (rjabýna), ороби́на (orobýna), оря́бина (orjábyna)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: јарѐбина, јарѐбика

Latin script: jarèbina, jarèbika

Slovene: jerebína, jerebíka

West Slavic:

Czech: jeřabina

Kashubian: jarzëbina, jarzbina, jerzbina

Polish: jarzębina

Slovak: jarabina

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: jeŕebina, heŕebina

Upper Sorbian: wjerjebina

*arębъ (“partridge”) + *-ina. The sense of rowan comes from the usage of the fruits to catch birds, also reflected in the botanical name (from aucupārī), German Vogelbeere etc.


plynǫti

c (accent-paradigm)
plynovenьje (noun-from-verb)
plynǫti (infinitive)
plynǫtъ (supine)
plynǫlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
plynovenъ (participle passive past)
plynomъ (participle passive present)
plynǫvъ (active participle past)
plyny (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
plynǫxъ (aorist first-person singular)
plynǫ (aorist second-person singular)
plynǫ (aorist singular third-person)
plynǫ (first-person present singular)
plyneši (present second-person singular)
plynetь (present singular third-person)
plynǫxově (aorist dual first-person)
plynǫsta (aorist dual second-person)
plynǫste (aorist dual third-person)
plynevě (dual first-person present)
plyneta (dual present second-person)
plynete (dual present third-person)
plynǫxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
plynǫste (aorist plural second-person)
plynǫšę (aorist plural third-person)
plynemъ (first-person plural present)
plynete (plural present second-person)
plynǫtь (plural present third-person)
plyněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
plyněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
plyněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
plyni (imperative second-person singular)
plyni (imperative singular third-person)
plyněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
plyněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
plyněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
plyněvě (dual first-person imperative)
plyněta (dual imperative second-person)
plyněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
plyněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
plyněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
plyněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
plyněte (imperative plural second-person)

West Slavic:

Czech: plynout (“to follow”)

Polish: płynąć

Silesian: płynōńć

Slovak: plynúť

From *plyti + *-nǫti, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₃(w)-.


smerkъ

smerkъ (nominative singular)
smerka (dual nominative)
smerci (nominative plural)
smerka (genitive singular)
smerku (dual genitive)
smerkъ (genitive plural)
smerku (dative singular)
smerkoma (dative dual)
smerkomъ (dative plural)
smerkъ (accusative singular)
smerka (accusative dual)
smerky (accusative plural)
smerkъmь (instrumental singular)
smerkomь (instrumental singular)
smerkoma (dual instrumental)
smerky (instrumental plural)
smercě (locative singular)
smerku (dual locative)
smercěxъ (locative plural)
smerče (singular vocative)
smerka (dual vocative)
smerci (plural vocative)
*smerka (alternative)
*smьrkъ (alternative)
*smьrčь (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: смьрчь (smĭrčĭ, “cedar”)

Carpathian Rusyn: смере́ка (smeréka)

→? Slovak: smerek

Ukrainian: смере́ка (smeréka, “spruce”), dialectally смере́к (smerék, “spruce”)

→? Polish: smerek

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: смръчь (smrŭčĭ, “cedar”), смрѣчь (smrěčĭ, “cedar”), смрѣча (smrěča, “cedar”)

Russian Church Slavonic: смрьчь (smrĭčĭ, “juniper”)

Bulgarian: смърч (smǎrč, “spruce”), смрика (smrika, “juniper”)

Macedonian: смрча (smrča, “spruce”), смрека (smreka, “juniper”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: смре̏ка (“spruce; juniper”), смр̏ча (“spruce”), смр̑ч (“juniper”), смри̏ка (“juniper”), шмрѝка (“juniper”), смри̏ч (“juniper”), смре̏ч (“juniper”), смрѐква (“juniper”), смре̏к (“juniper”), смриква (“juniper”), шмриква (“juniper”)

Latin script: smrȅka (“spruce; juniper”), smȑča (“spruce”), smȓč (“juniper”), smrȉka (“juniper”), šmrìka (“juniper”), smrȉč (“juniper”), smrȅč (“juniper”), smrèkva (“juniper”), smrȅk (“juniper”), smrikva (“juniper”), šmrikva (“juniper”)

Slovene: smrẹ́ka (“spruce”)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: smrk (“spruce”)

Czech: smrk (“spruce”)

Old Polish: świrk (“spruce”), świrzk (“spruce”)

Polish: świerk (“spruce”), świrk (dialectal), świrek (Near Masovian)

Slovak: smrek (“spruce”), smerek

→ Polish: smrek (“spruce”) (from at least 1472), smerek (Orawa, Podhale), smyrek (West-Podhale, Cieszyn Silesia)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: šmŕok (“spruce”), later škŕok (“spruce”)

Upper Sorbian: šmrěk (“spruce”)

Unknown.
* Dubiously compared to Old Armenian մայր (mayr, “cedar; pine; juniper”), which is however connected to Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr (“mother”) found in Slavic as *mati.
* Also compared with Persian سرو (sarv, “cypress”) which however probably contradicts the other comparison since this is more easily related with Old Armenian սարոյ (saroy, “cypress”) and սարդ (sard, “cedar of Lebanon”), and the Slavic matches better the presumably related Akkadian 𒋗𒌫𒎙 (šu-ur₂-min₃ /šurmēnu/, “cypress”), from Sumerian 𒋗𒌫𒈨 (šu-ur₂-me /šurmen/, “cypress”), which gainsays a Proto-Indo-European relation. Because of the variation of forms, also trusting in a Polish *svьrkъ, Trubachev opts for an Iranian borrowing from a form *sr̥vaka-, *sarvaka-, *sr̥maka-, *sarmaka-, however the distribution of the spruce or juniper is a drawback for this theory.
* Compared to *smьrděti (“to stink”)
* Compared to Proto-Germanic *smerwą (“grease, fat”)
* Compare Old Chinese 杉 (*sreːm /*sreːm/, “fir; pine”)


stъlbъ

stъlbъ (nominative singular)
stъlba (dual nominative)
stъlbi (nominative plural)
stъlba (genitive singular)
stъlbu (dual genitive)
stъlbъ (genitive plural)
stъlbu (dative singular)
stъlboma (dative dual)
stъlbomъ (dative plural)
stъlbъ (accusative singular)
stъlba (accusative dual)
stъlby (accusative plural)
stъlbъmь (instrumental singular)
stъlbomь (instrumental singular)
stъlboma (dual instrumental)
stъlby (instrumental plural)
stъlbě (locative singular)
stъlbu (dual locative)
stъlběxъ (locative plural)
stъlbe (singular vocative)
stъlba (dual vocative)
stъlbi (plural vocative)
*stьlbъ (alternative)
*stъlpъ (alternative)
*stъlba (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: стълбъ (stŭlbŭ)

Old Ruthenian: *стовбъ (*stovb)

Belarusian: стоўб (stoŭb)

Ukrainian: стовб (stovb)

Russian: столб (stolb)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: стлъба (stlŭba)

Bulgarian: стълб (stǎlb)

Macedonian: столб (stolb)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сту̏б

Latin: stub

Slovene: stółb (tonal orthography) (obsolete)

From Proto-Indo-European *stl̥b-. Cognate with Lithuanian stul̃bas, Latvian stulbs, Old Norse stolpi (“pillar”). Doublet of *stъlpъ.


vьčera

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вьчера (vĭčera)

Old Ruthenian: вчера (včera)

desc

Belarusian: учо́ра (učóra), ўчо́ра (ŭčóra)

Carpathian Rusyn: вчёра (včjora)

Ukrainian: учо́ра (učóra), вчо́ра (včóra)

Russian: вчера́ (včerá)

Old Novgorodian: *вьцера (*vĭćera)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: вьчера (vĭčera)

Bulgarian: вче́ра (včéra)

Macedonian: вчера (včera)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: ју̀че̄р, ју̀че̄, вчера

Latin: jùčēr, jùčē, včera

Slovene: včẹ́raj (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desctree

Old Czech: včera, včéra, včiera
Czech: včera

Polabian: ceră

Old Polish: wczora
Polish: wczoraj, wczora (obsolete), wcora (Kielce)
Silesian: wczora

Old Slovak: včera
Pannonian Rusyn: вчера (včera)
Slovak: včera

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: wczora

Slovincian: wczero

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wcora (obsolete), cora

Upper Sorbian: wčera

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *weker- (whence Latvian vakar, Latgalian vakar and Lithuanian vakar). Morphologically from *vȅčerъ (“evening”).


čitavъ

čitavъ (masculine nominative singular)
čitava (feminine nominative singular)
čitavo (neuter nominative singular)
čitava (genitive masculine singular)
čitavy (feminine genitive singular)
čitava (genitive neuter singular)
čitavu (dative masculine singular)
čitavě (dative feminine singular)
čitavu (dative neuter singular)
čitavъ (accusative masculine singular)
čitavǫ (accusative feminine singular)
čitavo (accusative neuter singular)
čitavomь (instrumental masculine singular)
čitavojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
čitavomь (instrumental neuter singular)
čitavě (locative masculine singular)
čitavě (feminine locative singular)
čitavě (locative neuter singular)
čitave (masculine singular vocative)
čitavo (feminine singular vocative)
čitavo (neuter singular vocative)
čitava (dual masculine nominative)
čitavě (dual feminine nominative)
čitavě (dual neuter nominative)
čitavu (dual genitive masculine)
čitavu (dual feminine genitive)
čitavu (dual genitive neuter)
čitavoma (dative dual masculine)
čitavama (dative dual feminine)
čitavoma (dative dual neuter)
čitava (accusative dual masculine)
čitavě (accusative dual feminine)
čitavě (accusative dual neuter)
čitavoma (dual instrumental masculine)
čitavama (dual feminine instrumental)
čitavoma (dual instrumental neuter)
čitavu (dual locative masculine)
čitavu (dual feminine locative)
čitavu (dual locative neuter)
čitava (dual masculine vocative)
čitavě (dual feminine vocative)
čitavě (dual neuter vocative)
čitavi (masculine nominative plural)
čitavy (feminine nominative plural)
čitava (neuter nominative plural)
čitavъ (genitive masculine plural)
čitavъ (feminine genitive plural)
čitavъ (genitive neuter plural)
čitavomъ (dative masculine plural)
čitavamъ (dative feminine plural)
čitavomъ (dative neuter plural)
čitavy (accusative masculine plural)
čitavy (accusative feminine plural)
čitava (accusative neuter plural)
čitavy (instrumental masculine plural)
čitavami (feminine instrumental plural)
čitavy (instrumental neuter plural)
čitavěxъ (locative masculine plural)
čitavaxъ (feminine locative plural)
čitavěxъ (locative neuter plural)
čitavi (masculine plural vocative)
čitavy (feminine plural vocative)
čitava (neuter plural vocative)
čitavъjь (masculine nominative singular)
čitavaja (feminine nominative singular)
čitavoje (neuter nominative singular)
čitavajego (genitive masculine singular)
čitavyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
čitavajego (genitive neuter singular)
čitavujemu (dative masculine singular)
čitavěji (dative feminine singular)
čitavujemu (dative neuter singular)
čitavъjь (accusative masculine singular)
čitavǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
čitavoje (accusative neuter singular)
čitavyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
čitavǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
čitavyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
čitavějemь (locative masculine singular)
čitavěji (feminine locative singular)
čitavějemь (locative neuter singular)
čitavъjь (masculine singular vocative)
čitavaja (feminine singular vocative)
čitavoje (neuter singular vocative)
čitavaja (dual masculine nominative)
čitavěji (dual feminine nominative)
čitavěji (dual neuter nominative)
čitavuju (dual genitive masculine)
čitavuju (dual feminine genitive)
čitavuju (dual genitive neuter)
čitavyjima (dative dual masculine)
čitavyjima (dative dual feminine)
čitavyjima (dative dual neuter)
čitavaja (accusative dual masculine)
čitavěji (accusative dual feminine)
čitavěji (accusative dual neuter)
čitavyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
čitavyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
čitavyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
čitavuju (dual locative masculine)
čitavuju (dual feminine locative)
čitavuju (dual locative neuter)
čitavaja (dual masculine vocative)
čitavěji (dual feminine vocative)
čitavěji (dual neuter vocative)
čitaviji (masculine nominative plural)
čitavyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
čitavaja (neuter nominative plural)
čitavъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
čitavъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
čitavъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
čitavyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
čitavyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
čitavyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
čitavyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
čitavyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
čitavaja (accusative neuter plural)
čitavyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
čitavyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
čitavyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
čitavyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
čitavyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
čitavyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
čitaviji (masculine plural vocative)
čitavyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
čitavaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Ukrainian: чи́тавий (čýtavyj, “strong, great”) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: чи́тав (čítav, “wholesome, whole, intact; dial. pure”)

Macedonian: читав (čitav, “whole, intact”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: чи̏тав (“whole, total, overall”)

Latin script: čȉtav (“whole, total, overall”)

From *čitъ + *-avъ, possibly related to Proto-Slavic *cělъ (“whole”) and less likely to Proto-Slavic *čisti (“to read, to count”). In some dialects (e.g. Bulgarian), the outcome of *čitavъ has become partially synonymous with the outcome of *čistъ (“clean, pure”).


čitъ

čitъ (masculine nominative singular)
čita (feminine nominative singular)
čito (neuter nominative singular)
čita (genitive masculine singular)
čity (feminine genitive singular)
čita (genitive neuter singular)
čitu (dative masculine singular)
čitě (dative feminine singular)
čitu (dative neuter singular)
čitъ (accusative masculine singular)
čitǫ (accusative feminine singular)
čito (accusative neuter singular)
čitomь (instrumental masculine singular)
čitojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
čitomь (instrumental neuter singular)
čitě (locative masculine singular)
čitě (feminine locative singular)
čitě (locative neuter singular)
čite (masculine singular vocative)
čito (feminine singular vocative)
čito (neuter singular vocative)
čita (dual masculine nominative)
čitě (dual feminine nominative)
čitě (dual neuter nominative)
čitu (dual genitive masculine)
čitu (dual feminine genitive)
čitu (dual genitive neuter)
čitoma (dative dual masculine)
čitama (dative dual feminine)
čitoma (dative dual neuter)
čita (accusative dual masculine)
čitě (accusative dual feminine)
čitě (accusative dual neuter)
čitoma (dual instrumental masculine)
čitama (dual feminine instrumental)
čitoma (dual instrumental neuter)
čitu (dual locative masculine)
čitu (dual feminine locative)
čitu (dual locative neuter)
čita (dual masculine vocative)
čitě (dual feminine vocative)
čitě (dual neuter vocative)
čiti (masculine nominative plural)
čity (feminine nominative plural)
čita (neuter nominative plural)
čitъ (genitive masculine plural)
čitъ (feminine genitive plural)
čitъ (genitive neuter plural)
čitomъ (dative masculine plural)
čitamъ (dative feminine plural)
čitomъ (dative neuter plural)
čity (accusative masculine plural)
čity (accusative feminine plural)
čita (accusative neuter plural)
čity (instrumental masculine plural)
čitami (feminine instrumental plural)
čity (instrumental neuter plural)
čitěxъ (locative masculine plural)
čitaxъ (feminine locative plural)
čitěxъ (locative neuter plural)
čiti (masculine plural vocative)
čity (feminine plural vocative)
čita (neuter plural vocative)
čitъjь (masculine nominative singular)
čitaja (feminine nominative singular)
čitoje (neuter nominative singular)
čitajego (genitive masculine singular)
čityję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
čitajego (genitive neuter singular)
čitujemu (dative masculine singular)
čitěji (dative feminine singular)
čitujemu (dative neuter singular)
čitъjь (accusative masculine singular)
čitǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
čitoje (accusative neuter singular)
čityjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
čitǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
čityjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
čitějemь (locative masculine singular)
čitěji (feminine locative singular)
čitějemь (locative neuter singular)
čitъjь (masculine singular vocative)
čitaja (feminine singular vocative)
čitoje (neuter singular vocative)
čitaja (dual masculine nominative)
čitěji (dual feminine nominative)
čitěji (dual neuter nominative)
čituju (dual genitive masculine)
čituju (dual feminine genitive)
čituju (dual genitive neuter)
čityjima (dative dual masculine)
čityjima (dative dual feminine)
čityjima (dative dual neuter)
čitaja (accusative dual masculine)
čitěji (accusative dual feminine)
čitěji (accusative dual neuter)
čityjima (dual instrumental masculine)
čityjima (dual feminine instrumental)
čityjima (dual instrumental neuter)
čituju (dual locative masculine)
čituju (dual feminine locative)
čituju (dual locative neuter)
čitaja (dual masculine vocative)
čitěji (dual feminine vocative)
čitěji (dual neuter vocative)
čitiji (masculine nominative plural)
čityję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
čitaja (neuter nominative plural)
čitъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
čitъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
čitъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
čityjimъ (dative masculine plural)
čityjimъ (dative feminine plural)
čityjimъ (dative neuter plural)
čityję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
čityję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
čitaja (accusative neuter plural)
čityjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
čityjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
čityjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
čityjixъ (locative masculine plural)
čityjixъ (feminine locative plural)
čityjixъ (locative neuter plural)
čitiji (masculine plural vocative)
čityję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
čitaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: чы́ты (čýty, “sober”) (dialectal)

Russian: чи́тый (čítyj, “sober”) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: чи̏ти

Latin script: čȉt

Possibly from Proto-Balto-Slavic *keiˀtas, cognate with Lithuanian ki̇́etas (“hard, rigid”), Latvian ciêts (“solid”), Albanian citë (“full”).


tьrpěti

tьrpě̀ti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
tьrpěnьje (noun-from-verb)
tьrpěti (infinitive)
tьrpětъ (supine)
tьrpělъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
tьrpěnъ (participle passive past)
tьrpimъ (participle passive present)
tьrpěvъ (active participle past)
tьrpę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
tьrpěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
tьrpě (aorist second-person singular)
tьrpě (aorist singular third-person)
tьrpľǫ (first-person present singular)
tьrpiši (present second-person singular)
tьrpitь (present singular third-person)
tьrpěxově (aorist dual first-person)
tьrpěsta (aorist dual second-person)
tьrpěste (aorist dual third-person)
tьrpivě (dual first-person present)
tьrpita (dual present second-person)
tьrpite (dual present third-person)
tьrpěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tьrpěste (aorist plural second-person)
tьrpěšę (aorist plural third-person)
tьrpimъ (first-person plural present)
tьrpite (plural present second-person)
tьrpętь (plural present third-person)
tьrpěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tьrpěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tьrpěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
tьrpi (imperative second-person singular)
tьrpi (imperative singular third-person)
tьrpěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tьrpěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tьrpěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tьrpivě (dual first-person imperative)
tьrpita (dual imperative second-person)
tьrpěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tьrpěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tьrpěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tьrpimъ (first-person imperative plural)
tьrpite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: тьрпѣти (tĭrpěti)

Belarusian: цярпе́ць (cjarpjécʹ)

Russian: терпе́ть (terpétʹ)

Ukrainian: терпі́ти (terpíty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: трьпѣти (trĭpěti)

Bulgarian: търпя́ (tǎrpjá)

Macedonian: трпи (trpi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: тр́пети, тр́пјети

Latin: tŕpeti, tŕpjeti

Slovene: trpẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: trpěti

Czech: trpět

desctree

Old Polish: cierpieć, cirzpieć, cirpić, cirpieć
Polish: cierpieć, cierzpieć (Far Masovian, Łomża Voivodeship)
Silesian: ciyrpieć

Slovak: trpieť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: śerpeś

Upper Sorbian: ćerpjeć

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: *tërpis

Albanian: tërpi

According to most sources, related to *tьrnǫti (> Old Church Slavonic оутрьпоста (utrĭposta)) and Lithuanian tir̃pti, Latin torpeō, thus inherited from Proto-Indo-European *ster- (“stiff”).
Alternatively, some have suggested that it is inherited from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥p-éh₁-(ye)-ti, eh₁-stative of *terp- (“to satisfy”).


strastь

strȃstь (canonical feminine)
strȃstь (nominative singular)
strȃsti (dual nominative)
strȃsti (nominative plural)
strastí (genitive singular)
strastьjù (dual genitive)
strastь̀jь (genitive plural)
strȃsti (dative singular)
strastьmà (dative dual)
strȃstьmъ (dative plural)
strȃstь (accusative singular)
strȃsti (accusative dual)
strȃsti (accusative plural)
strastьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
strastьmà (dual instrumental)
strastьmì (instrumental plural)
strastí (locative singular)
strastьjù (dual locative)
strȃstьxъ (locative plural)
strasti (singular vocative)
strȃsti (dual vocative)
strȃsti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: страсть (strastĭ)

Belarusian: страсць (strascʹ)

Russian: страсть (strastʹ)

Ukrainian: страсть (strastʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: страсть (strastĭ)

Bulgarian: страст (strast)

Macedonian: страст (strast)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: стра̑ст

Latin script: strȃst

Slovene: strȃst (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: strast

Czech: strast

Slovak: strasť


osъpa

osъpa (nominative singular)
osъpě (dual nominative)
osъpy (nominative plural)
osъpy (genitive singular)
osъpu (dual genitive)
osъpъ (genitive plural)
osъpě (dative singular)
osъpama (dative dual)
osъpamъ (dative plural)
osъpǫ (accusative singular)
osъpě (accusative dual)
osъpy (accusative plural)
osъpojǫ (instrumental singular)
osъpǫ (instrumental singular)
osъpama (dual instrumental)
osъpami (instrumental plural)
osъpě (locative singular)
osъpu (dual locative)
osъpasъ (locative plural)
osъpaxъ (locative plural)
osъpo (singular vocative)
osъpě (dual vocative)
osъpy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: осъпа (osŭpa)

Belarusian: во́спа (vóspa)

Russian: о́спа (óspa)

Ukrainian: ві́спа (víspa)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: осъпа (osŭpa)

Bulgarian: о́спа (óspa)

Macedonian:

Serbo-Croatian: о̏спа / ȍspa

⇒ Serbo-Croatian: о̏спице / ȍspice

⇒ Slovene: óspice

West Slavic:

Czech:

Polish: ospa

Slovak:

⇒ Slovak: osýpky

Sorbian:

⇒ Lower Sorbian: wospica

⇒ Upper Sorbian: wospica

From *osuti (“to secrete, to pour”) + *-a.


o(b)tekъ

otekъ (canonical masculine)
otekъ (nominative singular)
obtekъ (nominative singular)
oteka (dual nominative)
obteka (dual nominative)
oteci (nominative plural)
obteci (nominative plural)
oteka (genitive singular)
obteka (genitive singular)
oteku (dual genitive)
obteku (dual genitive)
otekъ (genitive plural)
obtekъ (genitive plural)
oteku (dative singular)
obteku (dative singular)
otekoma (dative dual)
obtekoma (dative dual)
otekomъ (dative plural)
obtekomъ (dative plural)
otekъ (accusative singular)
obtekъ (accusative singular)
oteka (accusative dual)
obteka (accusative dual)
oteky (accusative plural)
obteky (accusative plural)
otekъmь (instrumental singular)
obtekъmь (instrumental singular)
otekomь (instrumental singular)
obtekomь (instrumental singular)
otekoma (dual instrumental)
obtekoma (dual instrumental)
oteky (instrumental plural)
obteky (instrumental plural)
otecě (locative singular)
obtecě (locative singular)
oteku (dual locative)
obteku (dual locative)
otecěxъ (locative plural)
obtecěxъ (locative plural)
oteče (singular vocative)
obteče (singular vocative)
oteka (dual vocative)
obteka (dual vocative)
oteci (plural vocative)
obteci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: отекъ (otekŭ)

Belarusian: ацёк (acjók)

Russian: о́тек (ótek), отёк (otjók)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: о́тик (ótik) (dialectal, archaic)

desc

⇒ Bulgarian: отичане (otičane, “swelling”) (standard)

Serbo-Croatian::

Cyrillic script: отек (rare)

Latin script: otek (rare)

Slovene: otèk, obtèk

West Slavic:

Polish: ociek

Slovak: oťek

Resultant noun of *o(b)tekti (“to outflow; to sediment, to bulk, to swell”) + *-ъ or equivalently from *ob- + *tekъ.