čьstьnъ

čьstьnъ (masculine nominative singular)
čьstьna (feminine nominative singular)
čьstьno (neuter nominative singular)
čьstьna (genitive masculine singular)
čьstьny (feminine genitive singular)
čьstьna (genitive neuter singular)
čьstьnu (dative masculine singular)
čьstьně (dative feminine singular)
čьstьnu (dative neuter singular)
čьstьnъ (accusative masculine singular)
čьstьnǫ (accusative feminine singular)
čьstьno (accusative neuter singular)
čьstьnomь (instrumental masculine singular)
čьstьnojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
čьstьnomь (instrumental neuter singular)
čьstьně (locative masculine singular)
čьstьně (feminine locative singular)
čьstьně (locative neuter singular)
čьstьne (masculine singular vocative)
čьstьno (feminine singular vocative)
čьstьno (neuter singular vocative)
čьstьna (dual masculine nominative)
čьstьně (dual feminine nominative)
čьstьně (dual neuter nominative)
čьstьnu (dual genitive masculine)
čьstьnu (dual feminine genitive)
čьstьnu (dual genitive neuter)
čьstьnoma (dative dual masculine)
čьstьnama (dative dual feminine)
čьstьnoma (dative dual neuter)
čьstьna (accusative dual masculine)
čьstьně (accusative dual feminine)
čьstьně (accusative dual neuter)
čьstьnoma (dual instrumental masculine)
čьstьnama (dual feminine instrumental)
čьstьnoma (dual instrumental neuter)
čьstьnu (dual locative masculine)
čьstьnu (dual feminine locative)
čьstьnu (dual locative neuter)
čьstьna (dual masculine vocative)
čьstьně (dual feminine vocative)
čьstьně (dual neuter vocative)
čьstьni (masculine nominative plural)
čьstьny (feminine nominative plural)
čьstьna (neuter nominative plural)
čьstьnъ (genitive masculine plural)
čьstьnъ (feminine genitive plural)
čьstьnъ (genitive neuter plural)
čьstьnomъ (dative masculine plural)
čьstьnamъ (dative feminine plural)
čьstьnomъ (dative neuter plural)
čьstьny (accusative masculine plural)
čьstьny (accusative feminine plural)
čьstьna (accusative neuter plural)
čьstьny (instrumental masculine plural)
čьstьnami (feminine instrumental plural)
čьstьny (instrumental neuter plural)
čьstьněxъ (locative masculine plural)
čьstьnaxъ (feminine locative plural)
čьstьněxъ (locative neuter plural)
čьstьni (masculine plural vocative)
čьstьny (feminine plural vocative)
čьstьna (neuter plural vocative)
čьstьnъjь (masculine nominative singular)
čьstьnaja (feminine nominative singular)
čьstьnoje (neuter nominative singular)
čьstьnajego (genitive masculine singular)
čьstьnyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
čьstьnajego (genitive neuter singular)
čьstьnujemu (dative masculine singular)
čьstьněji (dative feminine singular)
čьstьnujemu (dative neuter singular)
čьstьnъjь (accusative masculine singular)
čьstьnǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
čьstьnoje (accusative neuter singular)
čьstьnyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
čьstьnǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
čьstьnyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
čьstьnějemь (locative masculine singular)
čьstьněji (feminine locative singular)
čьstьnějemь (locative neuter singular)
čьstьnъjь (masculine singular vocative)
čьstьnaja (feminine singular vocative)
čьstьnoje (neuter singular vocative)
čьstьnaja (dual masculine nominative)
čьstьněji (dual feminine nominative)
čьstьněji (dual neuter nominative)
čьstьnuju (dual genitive masculine)
čьstьnuju (dual feminine genitive)
čьstьnuju (dual genitive neuter)
čьstьnyjima (dative dual masculine)
čьstьnyjima (dative dual feminine)
čьstьnyjima (dative dual neuter)
čьstьnaja (accusative dual masculine)
čьstьněji (accusative dual feminine)
čьstьněji (accusative dual neuter)
čьstьnyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
čьstьnyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
čьstьnyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
čьstьnuju (dual locative masculine)
čьstьnuju (dual feminine locative)
čьstьnuju (dual locative neuter)
čьstьnaja (dual masculine vocative)
čьstьněji (dual feminine vocative)
čьstьněji (dual neuter vocative)
čьstьniji (masculine nominative plural)
čьstьnyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
čьstьnaja (neuter nominative plural)
čьstьnъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
čьstьnъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
čьstьnъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
čьstьnyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
čьstьnyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
čьstьnyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
čьstьnyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
čьstьnyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
čьstьnaja (accusative neuter plural)
čьstьnyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
čьstьnyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
čьstьnyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
čьstьnyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
čьstьnyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
čьstьnyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
čьstьniji (masculine plural vocative)
čьstьnyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
čьstьnaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: чьстьнꙑи (čĭstĭnyi)

Belarusian: чэ́сны (čésny)

Russian: че́стный (čéstnyj), честно́й (čestnój); чёсной (čósnoj) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: че́сний (čésnyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: чьстьнъ (čĭstĭnŭ)

Bulgarian: че́стен (čésten); че́сна (čésna) (dialectal)

Macedonian: чесен (česen)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ча̏стан

Latin script: čȁstan

Slovene: částen, čȃsten

West Slavic:

Old Czech: čstný

Czech: ctný (archaic)

desctree

Old Polish: cny, czsny, czstny
Polish: cny

Slovak: čestný, ctný, cný

Slovincian: czesny

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: cescny

Upper Sorbian: čestny, česćny


čьstьnota

čьstьnota (nominative singular)
čьstьnotě (dual nominative)
čьstьnoty (nominative plural)
čьstьnoty (genitive singular)
čьstьnotu (dual genitive)
čьstьnotъ (genitive plural)
čьstьnotě (dative singular)
čьstьnotama (dative dual)
čьstьnotamъ (dative plural)
čьstьnotǫ (accusative singular)
čьstьnotě (accusative dual)
čьstьnoty (accusative plural)
čьstьnotojǫ (instrumental singular)
čьstьnotǫ (instrumental singular)
čьstьnotama (dual instrumental)
čьstьnotami (instrumental plural)
čьstьnotě (locative singular)
čьstьnotu (dual locative)
čьstьnotasъ (locative plural)
čьstьnotaxъ (locative plural)
čьstьnoto (singular vocative)
čьstьnotě (dual vocative)
čьstьnoty (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: чесно́та (česnóta)

West Slavic:

Old Polish: cnota, czsnota
Polish: cnota
→ Old Ruthenian: цно́та (cnóta)
Belarusian: цно́та (cnóta)
Ukrainian: цно́та (cnóta); сно́та (snóta) (dialectal)

Slovak: ctnota, cnota


ǫtrь

ǫtrь (nominative singular)
ǫtri (dual nominative)
ǫtrьje (nominative plural)
ǫtri (genitive singular)
ǫtrьju (dual genitive)
ǫtrьjь (genitive plural)
ǫtri (dative singular)
ǫtrьma (dative dual)
ǫtrьmъ (dative plural)
ǫtrь (accusative singular)
ǫtri (accusative dual)
ǫtri (accusative plural)
ǫtrьmь (instrumental singular)
ǫtrьma (dual instrumental)
ǫtrьmi (instrumental plural)
ǫtri (locative singular)
ǫtrьju (dual locative)
ǫtrьxъ (locative plural)
ǫtri (singular vocative)
ǫtri (dual vocative)
ǫtrьje (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: ѭтрь (jǫtrĭ), ютрь (jutrĭ)

Ukrainian: отрь (otrʹ) (dialectal)

⇒ Russian: нутрь (nutrʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ѫтрь (ǫtrĭ)

Bulgarian: въ́тре (vǎ́tre)


čьrnobylь

čьrnobylь (nominative singular)
čьrnobyli (dual nominative)
čьrnobylьje (nominative plural)
čьrnobyľe (nominative plural)
čьrnobyli (genitive singular)
čьrnobylьju (dual genitive)
čьrnobyľu (dual genitive)
čьrnobylьjь (genitive plural)
čьrnobyli (genitive plural)
čьrnobyli (dative singular)
čьrnobylьma (dative dual)
čьrnobylьmъ (dative plural)
čьrnobylь (accusative singular)
čьrnobyli (accusative dual)
čьrnobyli (accusative plural)
čьrnobylьmь (instrumental singular)
čьrnobylьma (dual instrumental)
čьrnobylьmi (instrumental plural)
čьrnobyli (locative singular)
čьrnobylьju (dual locative)
čьrnobyľu (dual locative)
čьrnobylьxъ (locative plural)
čьrnobyli (singular vocative)
čьrnobyli (dual vocative)
čьrnobylьje (plural vocative)
čьrnobyľe (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: черно́бꙑль (černóbylĭ)

Belarusian: чарно́быль (čarnóbylʹ) (dialectal)

Carpathian Rusyn: чорно́быль (čornóbŷlʹ)

Ukrainian: чорно́биль (čornóbylʹ), чорно́бил (čornóbyl); черно́бель (černóbelʹ), черно́біль (černóbilʹ), черно́биль (černóbylʹ), чорно́бель (čornóbelʹ), чорно́биль (čornóbylʹ), чорно́біль (čornóbilʹ), чорно́біл (čornóbil) (dialectal)

Russian: чернобы́ль (černobýlʹ), чернобы́л (černobýl)

⇒ Old East Slavic: Черно́бꙑль (Černóbylĭ) (toponym)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: Чорно́быль (Čornóbylʹ), Чернобыль (Černobylʹ), Чарнобыль (Čarnobylʹ), Чрънабыль (Črnabylʹ)
Belarusian: Чарно́быль (Čarnóbylʹ)
Carpathian Rusyn: Чорно́быль (Čornóbŷlʹ)
Ukrainian: Чорно́биль (Čornóbylʹ)
→ Polish: Czarnobyl (semantic loan)

Russian: Черно́быль (Černóbylʹ)

→ English: Chernobyl

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: црнобиљ, црнобил (rare)

Latin script: crnobilj, crnobil (rare)

Slovene: črnobil

West Slavic:

Czech: černobýl; černobýlí pl

Old Polish: czarnobyl

Slovak: černobyľ


paǫčina

pàǭčīna (canonical feminine)
pàǭčīna (nominative singular)
pàǭčīně (dual nominative)
pàǭčīny (nominative plural)
pàǭčīny (genitive singular)
pàǭčīnu (dual genitive)
pàǭčīnъ (genitive plural)
pàǭčīně (dative singular)
pàǭčīnama (dative dual)
pàǭčīnamъ (dative plural)
pàǭčīnǫ (accusative singular)
pàǭčīně (accusative dual)
pàǭčīny (accusative plural)
pàǭčīnojǫ (instrumental singular)
pàǭčīnǭ (instrumental singular)
pàǭčīnama (dual instrumental)
pàǭčīnamī (instrumental plural)
pàǭčīně (locative singular)
pàǭčīnu (dual locative)
pàǭčīnasъ (locative plural)
pàǭčīnaxъ (locative plural)
pàǭčīno (singular vocative)
pàǭčīně (dual vocative)
pàǭčīny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: паѫчина (paǫčina)

Belarusian: павуці́на (pavucína)

Russian: паучи́на (paučína) (dialectal), паути́на (pautína)

desc

Ukrainian: павучи́на (pavučýna), павути́на (pavutýna)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: паѫчина (paǫčina)

Bulgarian: па́яжина (pájažina), па́ежина (páežina)

Macedonian: пајажина (pajažina)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: па̏учина

Latin: pȁučina

Slovene: pȃjčina, pȃječina

West Slavic:

Old Czech: paučina

Czech: pavučina

Kashubian: pajiczëna, pajãczëna, pajczëna

Polish: pajęczyna

Silesian: pajynczyna

Slovak: pavučina

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pawcyna

Upper Sorbian: pawčina

Non-Slavic:

→ Aromanian: pãndzinã


gavęzь

gàvęzь (canonical masculine)
gàvęzь (nominative singular)
gàvęzi (dual nominative)
gàvęzьjē (nominative plural)
gàvęzī (genitive singular)
gàvęzьju (dual genitive)
gàvęzьjь (genitive plural)
gàvęzi (dative singular)
gàvęzьma (dative dual)
gàvęzьmъ (dative plural)
gàvęzь (accusative singular)
gàvęzi (accusative dual)
gàvęzi (accusative plural)
gàvęzьmь (instrumental singular)
gàvęzьma (dual instrumental)
gàvęzьmī (instrumental plural)
gàvęzī (locative singular)
gàvęzьju (dual locative)
gàvęzьxъ (locative plural)
gavęzi (singular vocative)
gàvęzi (dual vocative)
gàvęzьjē (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *гавѧзь (*gavęzĭ)

Old Ruthenian: гавѧзь (havjazʹ), гавѧзъ (havjaz)

Belarusian: гавэз (havez)

Ukrainian: га́в'язь (hávʺjazʹ), га́в’яз (gáv’jaz)

→ Old Polish: hawiaź

Russian: гавязь (gavjazʹ), гавьяз (gavʹjaz), гавяз (gavjaz), гавяз (gavjaz), гавияс (gavijas), гавяс (gavjas), гобьяз (gobʹjaz) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: гаве́з (gavéz), гавъ́з (gavǎ́z), гавя́з (gavjáz)

Macedonian: гавез (gavez)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: га̏ве̄з

Latin script: gȁvēz

Slovene: gȃvez

⇒ Slovene: gȃbez, gȃvek

desctree

→ Czech: havez (learned)
→ Slovak: havez (learned)

West Slavic:

⇒ Polish: gawęda

Literally, “ox's tongue”. Univerbation of Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cattle”) + *ęzy (“tongue”) + *-ь. In Slavic first term is attested in derivative *govędo (“cattle”). The plant's name refers to the shape of the leaves. Compare Serbo-Croatian во̏лови јѐзик /vȍlovi jèzik, Ukrainian воло́вий язи́к (volóvyj jazýk) from *volovъ < *volъ (“ox”).
Similar term exist in Ancient Greek βούγλωσσον (boúglōsson), which was calqued into Persian گاوزبان (gâv-zabân) and later into Arabic لِسَان الثَوْر (lisān aṯ-ṯawr).

cog

во̏лови јѐзик//vȍlovi jèzik

воло́вий язи́к

لِسَان الثَوْر

comfrey (any plant of the genus Symphytum officinale)


motovidlo

motovidlo (nominative singular)
motovidlě (dual nominative)
motovidla (nominative plural)
motovidla (genitive singular)
motovidlu (dual genitive)
motovidlъ (genitive plural)
motovidlu (dative singular)
motovidloma (dative dual)
motovidlomъ (dative plural)
motovidlo (accusative singular)
motovidlě (accusative dual)
motovidla (accusative plural)
motovidlъmь (instrumental singular)
motovidlomь (instrumental singular)
motovidloma (dual instrumental)
motovidly (instrumental plural)
motovidlě (locative singular)
motovidlu (dual locative)
motovidlěxъ (locative plural)
motovidlo (singular vocative)
motovidlě (dual vocative)
motovidla (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мотовило (motovilo)

Old Ruthenian: мотовило (motovilo)

Belarusian: матаві́ло (matavílo)

Ukrainian: мотови́ло (motovýlo)

Russian: мотови́ло (motovílo)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: (dialectal) мотови́ло (motovílo)

⇒ Bulgarian: мотови́ла f (motovíla), мотове́ло n (motovélo)

Macedonian: мотовило (motovilo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мото̀вило

Latin script: motòvilo

Slovene: motovílọ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: motovidlo
Czech: motovidlo

desctree

Old Polish: motowidło
Polish: motowidło
Silesian: motowidło

Slovak: motovidlo

Polabian: mötüvai̯dlĕ

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: mòtowidło

Slovincian: môtôwjidlô

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: mótejdło

Upper Sorbian: motydło, motedło

Either:
* *motoviti (“to reel, to spool”) + *-dlo
* *motati (“to reel, to spool”) + *-o- + *vidlo (“tool for reeling, spooling”)
* *motъ (“skein”) + *-o- + *vidlo (“tool for reeling, spooling”)


oradlo

oradlo (nominative singular)
oradlě (dual nominative)
oradla (nominative plural)
oradla (genitive singular)
oradlu (dual genitive)
oradlъ (genitive plural)
oradlu (dative singular)
oradloma (dative dual)
oradlomъ (dative plural)
oradlo (accusative singular)
oradlě (accusative dual)
oradla (accusative plural)
oradlъmь (instrumental singular)
oradlomь (instrumental singular)
oradloma (dual instrumental)
oradly (instrumental plural)
oradlě (locative singular)
oradlu (dual locative)
oradlěxъ (locative plural)
oradlo (singular vocative)
oradlě (dual vocative)
oradla (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: орало (oralo)

Old Ruthenian: ора́ло (orálo)

Belarusian: ара́ла (arála) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: ора́ло (orálo) (dialectal)

Russian: ора́ло (orálo) (archaic)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⱁⱃⰰⰾⱁ (oralo)

desctree

Old Cyrillic script: орало (oralo)
Bulgarian: ора́ло (orálo)
Macedonian: орало (oralo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: орало

Latin script: oralo

Slovene: orálo (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: oradlo, voradlo

Slovak: oradlo

By surface analysis, *orati (“to plough”) + *-dlo (suffix for tools and implements).

surf

Oleg Trubachyov
ru:Журавлёв, Анатолий Фёдорович


čižь

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: чижь (čižĭ)

Belarusian: чыж (čyž)

Russian: чиж (čiž)

Carpathian Rusyn: чіж (čiž)

Ukrainian: чиж (čyž)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: чи̑ж

Latin script: čȋž

West Slavic:

Czech: číž (archaic)

Moravian (Mistřice): číš

desctree

Old Polish: czyż, cyż
Polish: czyż
Silesian: czyż

Slovak: číž

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: cyž

Non-Slavic:

Middle High German: zīsec, zīsic

→ German: Zeisig

→ English: siskin

→ Hungarian: csíz

From a suffixed base of imitative origin.

onomatopoeic

imitative


gnětiti

gnětìti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
gněťenьje (noun-from-verb)
gnětiti (infinitive)
gnětitъ (supine)
gnětilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
gněťenъ (participle passive past)
gnětimъ (participle passive present)
gněťь (active participle past)
gnětę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
gnětixъ (aorist first-person singular)
gněti (aorist second-person singular)
gněti (aorist singular third-person)
gněťǫ (first-person present singular)
gnětiši (present second-person singular)
gnětitь (present singular third-person)
gnětixově (aorist dual first-person)
gnětista (aorist dual second-person)
gnětiste (aorist dual third-person)
gnětivě (dual first-person present)
gnětita (dual present second-person)
gnětite (dual present third-person)
gnětixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gnětiste (aorist plural second-person)
gnětišę (aorist plural third-person)
gnětimъ (first-person plural present)
gnětite (plural present second-person)
gnětętь (plural present third-person)
gněťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gněťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gněťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gněti (imperative second-person singular)
gněti (imperative singular third-person)
gněťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gněťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gněťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gnětivě (dual first-person imperative)
gnětita (dual imperative second-person)
gněťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gněťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gněťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gnětimъ (first-person imperative plural)
gnětite (imperative plural second-person)
*nětiti (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гнѣтити (gnětiti)

Russian: гнети́ть (gnetítʹ) (dialectal)

desc

Ukrainian: гніти́ти (hnitýty, “to ruddy (bread and other baked goods)”)

⇒ Belarusian: загнет (zahnjet, “hearth of an oven”)

⇒ Russian: загнетка (zagnetka, “place where hot coals are put in an oven; hearth of an oven”)

South Slavic:

⇒ Old Church Slavonic: възгнѣтити (vŭzgnětiti)

Church Slavonic (Russian recension): гнѣтити (gnětiti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: није́тити

Latin script: nijétiti

Slovene: netīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: nietiti

Czech: nítit

Kashubian: niécëc, miecëc

⇒ Old Polish: namiecić, podmiecić, rozmiecić

Polish: niecić, miecić (dialectal)

Slovak: nietiť

Unknown.
* Berneker: Proto-Indo-European *knoyt-, from the causative/iterative o-grade of *ken(h₁)- (“to scratch; scrape; rub”), thus from earlier *knětiti, connected to Old Prussian knaistis (“fuse (for burning)”), Old English *gnāst (“spark”) (from Proto-Germanic *ga- + Proto-Germanic *hnaistô (“spark”)). Further possible Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek κνῐ́ζω (knĭ́zō) and κνήθω (knḗthō) (both meaning "to scratch"), Latin cinis (“cold ash”), Ancient Greek κόνις (kónis, “dust, ash”), Sanskrit कण (kaṇa, “particle, small grain of dust or rice”).
* Boryś: probably a causative verb from *gnisti, but this verb is unattested. Old English gnidan as possible cognate. From Proto-Indo-European *gʰneytʰ- (“to rub”). Original meaning would be "rub wood on wood to ignite a fire".


gogoľь

gogoľь (nominative singular)
gogoľa (dual nominative)
gogoľi (nominative plural)
gogoľa (genitive singular)
gogoľu (dual genitive)
gogoľь (genitive plural)
gogoľu (dative singular)
gogoľema (dative dual)
gogoľemъ (dative plural)
gogoľь (accusative singular)
gogoľa (accusative dual)
gogoľę̇ (accusative plural)
gogoľьmь (instrumental singular)
gogoľemь (instrumental singular)
gogoľema (dual instrumental)
gogoľi (instrumental plural)
gogoľi (locative singular)
gogoľu (dual locative)
gogoľixъ (locative plural)
gogoľu (singular vocative)
gogoľa (dual vocative)
gogoľi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: гоголь (gogolĭ, “Bucephala clangula, garrot”)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: го́голь (hóholʹ, “Bucephala clangula, garrot”)
Belarusian: го́галь (hóhalʹ)
Ukrainian: го́голь (hóholʹ); оголь (oholʹ) (dialectal)

desc

Russian: го́голь (gógolʹ, “Bucephala clangula, garrot”)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: го̀гољ (“Podiceps cristatus”), гогољ (“Branta rufina Boie”) (dialectal)

Latin script: gògolj (“Podiceps cristatus”), gogolj (“Branta rufina Boie”) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Slovak: hohoľ (“waterbird”)

Alternative form of *gogolъ (“wild duck”)


kuropъty

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: куропатва (kuropatva)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: куроптва

Latin script: kuroptva

West Slavic:

Czech: koroptev

Polish: kuropatwa

Slovak: (dialectal) kuroptva


lixva

lixva (nominative singular)
lixvě (dual nominative)
lixvy (nominative plural)
lixvy (genitive singular)
lixvu (dual genitive)
lixvъ (genitive plural)
lixvě (dative singular)
lixvama (dative dual)
lixvamъ (dative plural)
lixvǫ (accusative singular)
lixvě (accusative dual)
lixvy (accusative plural)
lixvojǫ (instrumental singular)
lixvǫ (instrumental singular)
lixvama (dual instrumental)
lixvami (instrumental plural)
lixvě (locative singular)
lixvu (dual locative)
lixvasъ (locative plural)
lixvaxъ (locative plural)
lixvo (singular vocative)
lixvě (dual vocative)
lixvy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: лихва́ (lixvá)

Ukrainian: ли́хва́ (lýxvá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: лихва (lixva)

Bulgarian: ли́хва (líhva)

Macedonian: лихва (lihva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ли̏хва

Latin script: lȉhva

Slovene: lȋhva

West Slavic:

Czech: lichva

Polish: lichwa

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: lichwa

Borrowed from Gothic *𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍈𐌰 (*leiƕa), from 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍈𐌰𐌽 (leiƕan, “to lend”), from Proto-Germanic *līhwaną (“to lend”), from Proto-Indo-European *léykʷt, from *leykʷ- (“to leave”).


perpelъ

perpelъ (nominative singular)
perpela (dual nominative)
perpeli (nominative plural)
perpela (genitive singular)
perpelu (dual genitive)
perpelъ (genitive plural)
perpelu (dative singular)
perpeloma (dative dual)
perpelomъ (dative plural)
perpelъ (accusative singular)
perpela (accusative dual)
perpely (accusative plural)
perpelъmь (instrumental singular)
perpelomь (instrumental singular)
perpeloma (dual instrumental)
perpely (instrumental plural)
perpelě (locative singular)
perpelu (dual locative)
perpelěxъ (locative plural)
perpele (singular vocative)
perpela (dual vocative)
perpeli (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

⇒ Belarusian: перапёлка (pjerapjólka)

Russian: пе́репел (pérepel), (dialectal) пе́лепел (pélepel)

Ukrainian: пе́репел (pérepel)

South Slavic:

⇒ Bulgarian: пре́пелица (prépelica) (dialectal)

⇒ Macedonian: препелица (prepelica)

⇒ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пре̏пелица

Latin script: prȅpelica

desc/sl-tonal

⇒ Slovene: prepelíca (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

⇒ Old Czech: křěpelicě

⇒ Czech: křepelka

⇒ Old Polish: przepierzyca, przepiórka

Polish: przepiórka

Silesian: przepiōrka

Pomeranian:

⇒ Kashubian: przepierzëca, przepiórka

⇒ Slovak: prepelica

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: paśpula

Upper Sorbian: pocpula

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: prepeliță

Has been compared to Lithuanian рi̇́ераlа, pùtpelė (“quail”), Latvian paipala (“quail”), Old Prussian penpalo (“quail”), Latin pāpiliō (“butterfly, moth”), Old English fīfealde (“butterfly”) and Old High German fîfaltra (“butterfly”).

cog

рíераlа, pùtpelė


žukъ

žukъ (nominative singular)
žùka (dual nominative)
žùci (nominative plural)
žùka (genitive singular)
žùku (dual genitive)
žùkъ (genitive plural)
žùku (dative singular)
žùkoma (dative dual)
žùkomъ (dative plural)
žukъ (accusative singular)
žùka (accusative dual)
žùky (accusative plural)
žùkъmь (instrumental singular)
žùkomь (instrumental singular)
žùkoma (dual instrumental)
žùkȳ (instrumental plural)
žùcě (locative singular)
žùku (dual locative)
žùcě̄xъ (locative plural)
žùče (singular vocative)
žùka (dual vocative)
žùci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: жукъ (žukŭ)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: жукъ (žuk)
Belarusian: жук (žuk)
Carpathian Rusyn: жук (žuk)
Ukrainian: жук (žuk), джук (džuk)

Russian: жук (žuk)

Old Novgorodian: жоуке (žuke)

West Slavic:

⇒ Czech: žukat

Polabian: zauk

Polish: żuk

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: žuk


linǫti

lìti (imperfective)
linovenьje (noun-from-verb)
linǫti (infinitive)
linǫtъ (supine)
linǫlъ (l-participle)
linovenъ (participle passive past)
linǫvъ (active participle past)
linǫxъ (aorist first-person singular)
linǫ (aorist second-person singular)
linǫ (aorist singular third-person)
linǫ (first-person present singular)
lineši (present second-person singular)
linetь (present singular third-person)
linǫxově (aorist dual first-person)
linǫsta (aorist dual second-person)
linǫste (aorist dual third-person)
linevě (dual first-person present)
lineta (dual present second-person)
linete (dual present third-person)
linǫxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
linǫste (aorist plural second-person)
linǫšę (aorist plural third-person)
linemъ (first-person plural present)
linete (plural present second-person)
linǫtь (plural present third-person)
lini (imperative second-person singular)
lini (imperative singular third-person)
liněvě (dual first-person imperative)
liněta (dual imperative second-person)
liněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
liněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: лину́ть (linútʹ) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: лину́ти (lynúty)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: линути

Latin script: linuti

West Slavic:

Czech: linout (“to waft”)

Old Polish: linąć

Polish: lunąć (“to gush, pour forth”)


boltina

boltina (nominative singular)
boltině (dual nominative)
boltiny (nominative plural)
boltiny (genitive singular)
boltinu (dual genitive)
boltinъ (genitive plural)
boltině (dative singular)
boltinama (dative dual)
boltinamъ (dative plural)
boltinǫ (accusative singular)
boltině (accusative dual)
boltiny (accusative plural)
boltinojǫ (instrumental singular)
boltinǫ (instrumental singular)
boltinama (dual instrumental)
boltinami (instrumental plural)
boltině (locative singular)
boltinu (dual locative)
boltinasъ (locative plural)
boltinaxъ (locative plural)
boltino (singular vocative)
boltině (dual vocative)
boltiny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Russian: боло́тина (bolótina), болоти́на (bolotína)

Ukrainian: болоти́на (bolotýna)

South Slavic:

Middle Bulgarian: блатина (blatina), балътина (balŭtina)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бла̀тина

Latin script: blàtina

Slovene: blatina

West Slavic:

Old Czech: blatina

Czech: blatina

Kashubian: błocëna

Old Polish: błocina

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: błóćina

From *bolto (“swamp”) + *-ina (denotes locations endowed with characteristics typical for a more particular phenomenon).


popara

popara (nominative singular)
poparě (dual nominative)
popary (nominative plural)
popary (genitive singular)
poparu (dual genitive)
poparъ (genitive plural)
poparě (dative singular)
poparama (dative dual)
poparamъ (dative plural)
poparǫ (accusative singular)
poparě (accusative dual)
popary (accusative plural)
poparojǫ (instrumental singular)
poparǫ (instrumental singular)
poparama (dual instrumental)
poparami (instrumental plural)
poparě (locative singular)
poparu (dual locative)
poparasъ (locative plural)
poparaxъ (locative plural)
poparo (singular vocative)
poparě (dual vocative)
popary (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: попа́ра (popára)

Macedonian: попара (popara)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: по̏пара

Latin script: pȍpara

→ Ottoman Turkish: پاپاره (papara)

Turkish: papara

→ Greek: παπάρα (papára)

From *popariti + *-a, itself from *po- + *pariti, perhaps in relation to the dish giving out steam.

a dish made from bread dipped in a hot liquid, usually milk


jьstina

jьstina (nominative singular)
jьstině (dual nominative)
jьstiny (nominative plural)
jьstiny (genitive singular)
jьstinu (dual genitive)
jьstinъ (genitive plural)
jьstině (dative singular)
jьstinama (dative dual)
jьstinamъ (dative plural)
jьstinǫ (accusative singular)
jьstině (accusative dual)
jьstiny (accusative plural)
jьstinojǫ (instrumental singular)
jьstinǫ (instrumental singular)
jьstinama (dual instrumental)
jьstinami (instrumental plural)
jьstině (locative singular)
jьstinu (dual locative)
jьstinasъ (locative plural)
jьstinaxъ (locative plural)
jьstino (singular vocative)
jьstině (dual vocative)
jьstiny (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: истина (istina)

→ Russian: и́стина (ístina)

→ Ukrainian: і́стина (ístyna)

Bulgarian: и́стина (ístina)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: и̏стина

Latin script: ȉstina

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jistina

>? Old Polish: hiścina, iścina


lъžь

lъžь (nominative singular)
lъži (dual nominative)
lъži (nominative plural)
lъži (genitive singular)
lъžьju (dual genitive)
lъžu (dual genitive)
lъžьjь (genitive plural)
lъži (genitive plural)
lъži (dative singular)
lъžьma (dative dual)
lъžьmъ (dative plural)
lъžь (accusative singular)
lъži (accusative dual)
lъži (accusative plural)
lъžьjǫ (instrumental singular)
lъžǫ (instrumental singular)
lъžьma (dual instrumental)
lъžьmi (instrumental plural)
lъži (locative singular)
lъžьju (dual locative)
lъžu (dual locative)
lъžьxъ (locative plural)
lъži (singular vocative)
lъži (dual vocative)
lъži (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: ложь (ložʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: лъжь (lŭžĭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: лаж

Latin script: laž

Slovene: lȃž (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: lež

Czech: lež

Polish: łeż (obsolete)

Slovak: lož

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *lugis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂lewgʰ-.


protivъ

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: противъ (protivŭ)

desc

Belarusian: про́ці (próci), прэ̀цi (prèci)

Russian: про́тив (prótiv)

Ukrainian: про́ти (próty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: противъ (protivŭ)

Bulgarian: проти́в (protív)

Macedonian: против (protiv)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: про̏тив

Latin script: prȍtiv

Slovene: prọ̑ti

West Slavic:

Old Czech: protiv

Czech: proti

Kashubian: przecyw

desctree

Old Polish: przeciw, prociw
Polish: przeciw, prociw (Middle Polish)
Silesian: przeciw

Old Slovak: prociv, proti, protiv

desc

Pannonian Rusyn: проци (proci), процив (prociv)

Slovak: proti

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pśeśiwo

Upper Sorbian: přećiwo

Derived from Proto-Indo-European *próti ~ *préti (“towards, against”). Compare Latvian pretējs.

der

*pretivъ (alternative)
*proti (alternative)
*protivo (alternative)


protivьnъ

protivьnъ (masculine nominative singular)
protivьna (feminine nominative singular)
protivьno (neuter nominative singular)
protivьna (genitive masculine singular)
protivьny (feminine genitive singular)
protivьna (genitive neuter singular)
protivьnu (dative masculine singular)
protivьně (dative feminine singular)
protivьnu (dative neuter singular)
protivьnъ (accusative masculine singular)
protivьnǫ (accusative feminine singular)
protivьno (accusative neuter singular)
protivьnomь (instrumental masculine singular)
protivьnojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
protivьnomь (instrumental neuter singular)
protivьně (locative masculine singular)
protivьně (feminine locative singular)
protivьně (locative neuter singular)
protivьne (masculine singular vocative)
protivьno (feminine singular vocative)
protivьno (neuter singular vocative)
protivьna (dual masculine nominative)
protivьně (dual feminine nominative)
protivьně (dual neuter nominative)
protivьnu (dual genitive masculine)
protivьnu (dual feminine genitive)
protivьnu (dual genitive neuter)
protivьnoma (dative dual masculine)
protivьnama (dative dual feminine)
protivьnoma (dative dual neuter)
protivьna (accusative dual masculine)
protivьně (accusative dual feminine)
protivьně (accusative dual neuter)
protivьnoma (dual instrumental masculine)
protivьnama (dual feminine instrumental)
protivьnoma (dual instrumental neuter)
protivьnu (dual locative masculine)
protivьnu (dual feminine locative)
protivьnu (dual locative neuter)
protivьna (dual masculine vocative)
protivьně (dual feminine vocative)
protivьně (dual neuter vocative)
protivьni (masculine nominative plural)
protivьny (feminine nominative plural)
protivьna (neuter nominative plural)
protivьnъ (genitive masculine plural)
protivьnъ (feminine genitive plural)
protivьnъ (genitive neuter plural)
protivьnomъ (dative masculine plural)
protivьnamъ (dative feminine plural)
protivьnomъ (dative neuter plural)
protivьny (accusative masculine plural)
protivьny (accusative feminine plural)
protivьna (accusative neuter plural)
protivьny (instrumental masculine plural)
protivьnami (feminine instrumental plural)
protivьny (instrumental neuter plural)
protivьněxъ (locative masculine plural)
protivьnaxъ (feminine locative plural)
protivьněxъ (locative neuter plural)
protivьni (masculine plural vocative)
protivьny (feminine plural vocative)
protivьna (neuter plural vocative)
protivьnъjь (masculine nominative singular)
protivьnaja (feminine nominative singular)
protivьnoje (neuter nominative singular)
protivьnajego (genitive masculine singular)
protivьnyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
protivьnajego (genitive neuter singular)
protivьnujemu (dative masculine singular)
protivьněji (dative feminine singular)
protivьnujemu (dative neuter singular)
protivьnъjь (accusative masculine singular)
protivьnǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
protivьnoje (accusative neuter singular)
protivьnyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
protivьnǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
protivьnyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
protivьnějemь (locative masculine singular)
protivьněji (feminine locative singular)
protivьnějemь (locative neuter singular)
protivьnъjь (masculine singular vocative)
protivьnaja (feminine singular vocative)
protivьnoje (neuter singular vocative)
protivьnaja (dual masculine nominative)
protivьněji (dual feminine nominative)
protivьněji (dual neuter nominative)
protivьnuju (dual genitive masculine)
protivьnuju (dual feminine genitive)
protivьnuju (dual genitive neuter)
protivьnyjima (dative dual masculine)
protivьnyjima (dative dual feminine)
protivьnyjima (dative dual neuter)
protivьnaja (accusative dual masculine)
protivьněji (accusative dual feminine)
protivьněji (accusative dual neuter)
protivьnyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
protivьnyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
protivьnyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
protivьnuju (dual locative masculine)
protivьnuju (dual feminine locative)
protivьnuju (dual locative neuter)
protivьnaja (dual masculine vocative)
protivьněji (dual feminine vocative)
protivьněji (dual neuter vocative)
protivьniji (masculine nominative plural)
protivьnyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
protivьnaja (neuter nominative plural)
protivьnъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
protivьnъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
protivьnъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
protivьnyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
protivьnyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
protivьnyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
protivьnyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
protivьnyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
protivьnaja (accusative neuter plural)
protivьnyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
protivьnyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
protivьnyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
protivьnyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
protivьnyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
protivьnyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
protivьniji (masculine plural vocative)
protivьnyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
protivьnaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: *противьнъ (*protivĭnŭ)

Old Ruthenian: проти́вный (protívnyj)

Belarusian: праці́ўны (pracíŭny)

Ukrainian: проти́вний (protývnyj)

Russian: проти́вный (protívnyj)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: проти́вен (protíven)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: про̏тӣван

Latin script: prȍtīvan

West Slavic:

Old Czech: protivný
Czech: protivný

desctree

Old Polish: przeciwny
Polish: przeciwny
Silesian: przeciwny

Old Slovak: protivný
Pannonian Rusyn: процивни (procivni)
Slovak: protivný


větvь

větvь (nominative singular)
větvi (dual nominative)
větvi (nominative plural)
větvi (genitive singular)
větvьju (dual genitive)
větvьjь (genitive plural)
větvi (dative singular)
větvьma (dative dual)
větvьmъ (dative plural)
větvь (accusative singular)
větvi (accusative dual)
větvi (accusative plural)
větvьjǫ (instrumental singular)
větvьma (dual instrumental)
větvьmi (instrumental plural)
větvi (locative singular)
větvьju (dual locative)
větvьxъ (locative plural)
větvi (singular vocative)
větvi (dual vocative)
větvi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вѣтвь (větvĭ)

Old Ruthenian: вѣтвь (větvʹ)

Russian: ветвь (vetvʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: вѣтвь (větvĭ)

Bulgarian: ветва (vetva)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: větev

Czech: větev

Kashubian: wietew

Old Polish: wiećw

Slovak: vetva

From Proto-Indo-European *weh₁y-. Cognate with Old Prussian witwan, Ancient Greek ἴτῠς (ítŭs, “felloe”) and Latin vitus (“felloe”).


tъlpa

tъlpa (nominative singular)
tъlpě (dual nominative)
tъlpy (nominative plural)
tъlpy (genitive singular)
tъlpu (dual genitive)
tъlpъ (genitive plural)
tъlpě (dative singular)
tъlpama (dative dual)
tъlpamъ (dative plural)
tъlpǫ (accusative singular)
tъlpě (accusative dual)
tъlpy (accusative plural)
tъlpojǫ (instrumental singular)
tъlpǫ (instrumental singular)
tъlpama (dual instrumental)
tъlpami (instrumental plural)
tъlpě (locative singular)
tъlpu (dual locative)
tъlpasъ (locative plural)
tъlpaxъ (locative plural)
tъlpo (singular vocative)
tъlpě (dual vocative)
tъlpy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: толпа́ (tolpá)

Ukrainian: товпа́ (tovpá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: тлъпа (tlŭpa)

Bulgarian: тълпа́ (tǎlpá)

Macedonian: толпа (tolpa)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: tólpa (“gang”) (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: tlupa (“gang”)

Polish: tłum

From Proto-Balto-Slavic, related to Lithuanian talpa (“capacity”), Lithuanian talpinti (“to put, to set”).


vьrvь

vь̑rvь (canonical feminine)
*vьrvi (alternative)
*vеrvь (alternative)
*vеrvьka (alternative)
vь̑rvь (nominative singular)
vь̑rvi (dual nominative)
vь̑rvi (nominative plural)
vьrví (genitive singular)
vьrvьjù (dual genitive)
vьrvľu (dual genitive)
vьrvь̀jь (genitive plural)
vь̑rvi (dative singular)
vьrvьmà (dative dual)
vь̑rvьmъ (dative plural)
vь̑rvь (accusative singular)
vь̑rvi (accusative dual)
vь̑rvi (accusative plural)
vьrvьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
vьrvьmà (dual instrumental)
vьrvьmì (instrumental plural)
vьrví (locative singular)
vьrvьjù (dual locative)
vьrvľu (dual locative)
vь̑rvьxъ (locative plural)
vьrvi (singular vocative)
vь̑rvi (dual vocative)
vь̑rvi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вьрвь (vĭrvĭ)

Russian: ве́рвь (vérvʹ) (dialectal)

⇒ Ukrainian: верве́чка (vervéčka)

desctree

⇒ Russian: верёвка (verjóvka)
→ Belarusian: вяро́ўка (vjaróŭka)
→ Ukrainian: вірьо́вка (virʹóvka)
→ Yup'ik: ilavkuk, mulu'uvkaaq

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: врьвь (vrĭvĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⱃⱐⰲⱐ (vrĭvĭ)

Bulgarian: връв (vrǎv)

Serbo-Croatian: (obsolescent)

Cyrillic script: вр̑в, вр̑вца

Latin script: vȓv, vȓvca

Slovene: vȓv (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vrv

From *vьrvьca

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: вр̀пца

Latin script: vr̀pca

Macedonian: врвца (vrvca)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wírwis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wer-.


slavьnъ

slavьnъ (masculine nominative singular)
slavьna (feminine nominative singular)
slavьno (neuter nominative singular)
slavьna (genitive masculine singular)
slavьny (feminine genitive singular)
slavьna (genitive neuter singular)
slavьnu (dative masculine singular)
slavьně (dative feminine singular)
slavьnu (dative neuter singular)
slavьnъ (accusative masculine singular)
slavьnǫ (accusative feminine singular)
slavьno (accusative neuter singular)
slavьnomь (instrumental masculine singular)
slavьnojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
slavьnomь (instrumental neuter singular)
slavьně (locative masculine singular)
slavьně (feminine locative singular)
slavьně (locative neuter singular)
slavьne (masculine singular vocative)
slavьno (feminine singular vocative)
slavьno (neuter singular vocative)
slavьna (dual masculine nominative)
slavьně (dual feminine nominative)
slavьně (dual neuter nominative)
slavьnu (dual genitive masculine)
slavьnu (dual feminine genitive)
slavьnu (dual genitive neuter)
slavьnoma (dative dual masculine)
slavьnama (dative dual feminine)
slavьnoma (dative dual neuter)
slavьna (accusative dual masculine)
slavьně (accusative dual feminine)
slavьně (accusative dual neuter)
slavьnoma (dual instrumental masculine)
slavьnama (dual feminine instrumental)
slavьnoma (dual instrumental neuter)
slavьnu (dual locative masculine)
slavьnu (dual feminine locative)
slavьnu (dual locative neuter)
slavьna (dual masculine vocative)
slavьně (dual feminine vocative)
slavьně (dual neuter vocative)
slavьni (masculine nominative plural)
slavьny (feminine nominative plural)
slavьna (neuter nominative plural)
slavьnъ (genitive masculine plural)
slavьnъ (feminine genitive plural)
slavьnъ (genitive neuter plural)
slavьnomъ (dative masculine plural)
slavьnamъ (dative feminine plural)
slavьnomъ (dative neuter plural)
slavьny (accusative masculine plural)
slavьny (accusative feminine plural)
slavьna (accusative neuter plural)
slavьny (instrumental masculine plural)
slavьnami (feminine instrumental plural)
slavьny (instrumental neuter plural)
slavьněxъ (locative masculine plural)
slavьnaxъ (feminine locative plural)
slavьněxъ (locative neuter plural)
slavьni (masculine plural vocative)
slavьny (feminine plural vocative)
slavьna (neuter plural vocative)
slavьnъjь (masculine nominative singular)
slavьnaja (feminine nominative singular)
slavьnoje (neuter nominative singular)
slavьnajego (genitive masculine singular)
slavьnyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
slavьnajego (genitive neuter singular)
slavьnujemu (dative masculine singular)
slavьněji (dative feminine singular)
slavьnujemu (dative neuter singular)
slavьnъjь (accusative masculine singular)
slavьnǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
slavьnoje (accusative neuter singular)
slavьnyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
slavьnǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
slavьnyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
slavьnějemь (locative masculine singular)
slavьněji (feminine locative singular)
slavьnějemь (locative neuter singular)
slavьnъjь (masculine singular vocative)
slavьnaja (feminine singular vocative)
slavьnoje (neuter singular vocative)
slavьnaja (dual masculine nominative)
slavьněji (dual feminine nominative)
slavьněji (dual neuter nominative)
slavьnuju (dual genitive masculine)
slavьnuju (dual feminine genitive)
slavьnuju (dual genitive neuter)
slavьnyjima (dative dual masculine)
slavьnyjima (dative dual feminine)
slavьnyjima (dative dual neuter)
slavьnaja (accusative dual masculine)
slavьněji (accusative dual feminine)
slavьněji (accusative dual neuter)
slavьnyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
slavьnyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
slavьnyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
slavьnuju (dual locative masculine)
slavьnuju (dual feminine locative)
slavьnuju (dual locative neuter)
slavьnaja (dual masculine vocative)
slavьněji (dual feminine vocative)
slavьněji (dual neuter vocative)
slavьniji (masculine nominative plural)
slavьnyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
slavьnaja (neuter nominative plural)
slavьnъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
slavьnъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
slavьnъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
slavьnyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
slavьnyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
slavьnyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
slavьnyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
slavьnyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
slavьnaja (accusative neuter plural)
slavьnyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
slavьnyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
slavьnyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
slavьnyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
slavьnyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
slavьnyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
slavьniji (masculine plural vocative)
slavьnyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
slavьnaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: славныи (slavnyi)

Russian: славный (slavnyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: славьнъ (slavĭnŭ)

Glagolitic: ⱄⰾⰰⰲⱐⱀⱏ (slavĭnŭ)

Bulgarian: славен (slaven)

Macedonian: славен (slaven)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: славан

Latin script: slavan

Slovene: slávən (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: slavný

Czech: slavný

Polish: sławny


něga

něga (nominative singular)
nědzě (dual nominative)
něgy (nominative plural)
něgy (genitive singular)
něgu (dual genitive)
něgъ (genitive plural)
nědzě (dative singular)
něgama (dative dual)
něgamъ (dative plural)
něgǫ (accusative singular)
nědzě (accusative dual)
něgy (accusative plural)
něgojǫ (instrumental singular)
něgǫ (instrumental singular)
něgama (dual instrumental)
něgami (instrumental plural)
nědzě (locative singular)
něgu (dual locative)
něgasъ (locative plural)
něgaxъ (locative plural)
něgo (singular vocative)
nědzě (dual vocative)
něgy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: нѣга (něga)

Belarusian: нега (njeha)

Russian: не́га (néga)

Ukrainian: нíга (níha)

South Slavic:

Church Slavonic: нѣга (něga)

Bulgarian: нѐга (nèga) (poetic); Нѣга (Něga), Ня́га (Njága) (personal name)

Macedonian: нега (nega)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: њега, нега

Latin script: njega, nega

Slovene: néga

West Slavic:

Czech: něhа (dated)

Old Polish: Niega (personal name)

Slovak: neha


strašьnъ

strašьnъ (masculine nominative singular)
strašьna (feminine nominative singular)
strašьno (neuter nominative singular)
strašьna (genitive masculine singular)
strašьny (feminine genitive singular)
strašьna (genitive neuter singular)
strašьnu (dative masculine singular)
strašьně (dative feminine singular)
strašьnu (dative neuter singular)
strašьnъ (accusative masculine singular)
strašьnǫ (accusative feminine singular)
strašьno (accusative neuter singular)
strašьnomь (instrumental masculine singular)
strašьnojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
strašьnomь (instrumental neuter singular)
strašьně (locative masculine singular)
strašьně (feminine locative singular)
strašьně (locative neuter singular)
strašьne (masculine singular vocative)
strašьno (feminine singular vocative)
strašьno (neuter singular vocative)
strašьna (dual masculine nominative)
strašьně (dual feminine nominative)
strašьně (dual neuter nominative)
strašьnu (dual genitive masculine)
strašьnu (dual feminine genitive)
strašьnu (dual genitive neuter)
strašьnoma (dative dual masculine)
strašьnama (dative dual feminine)
strašьnoma (dative dual neuter)
strašьna (accusative dual masculine)
strašьně (accusative dual feminine)
strašьně (accusative dual neuter)
strašьnoma (dual instrumental masculine)
strašьnama (dual feminine instrumental)
strašьnoma (dual instrumental neuter)
strašьnu (dual locative masculine)
strašьnu (dual feminine locative)
strašьnu (dual locative neuter)
strašьna (dual masculine vocative)
strašьně (dual feminine vocative)
strašьně (dual neuter vocative)
strašьni (masculine nominative plural)
strašьny (feminine nominative plural)
strašьna (neuter nominative plural)
strašьnъ (genitive masculine plural)
strašьnъ (feminine genitive plural)
strašьnъ (genitive neuter plural)
strašьnomъ (dative masculine plural)
strašьnamъ (dative feminine plural)
strašьnomъ (dative neuter plural)
strašьny (accusative masculine plural)
strašьny (accusative feminine plural)
strašьna (accusative neuter plural)
strašьny (instrumental masculine plural)
strašьnami (feminine instrumental plural)
strašьny (instrumental neuter plural)
strašьněxъ (locative masculine plural)
strašьnaxъ (feminine locative plural)
strašьněxъ (locative neuter plural)
strašьni (masculine plural vocative)
strašьny (feminine plural vocative)
strašьna (neuter plural vocative)
strašьnъjь (masculine nominative singular)
strašьnaja (feminine nominative singular)
strašьnoje (neuter nominative singular)
strašьnajego (genitive masculine singular)
strašьnyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
strašьnajego (genitive neuter singular)
strašьnujemu (dative masculine singular)
strašьněji (dative feminine singular)
strašьnujemu (dative neuter singular)
strašьnъjь (accusative masculine singular)
strašьnǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
strašьnoje (accusative neuter singular)
strašьnyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
strašьnǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
strašьnyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
strašьnějemь (locative masculine singular)
strašьněji (feminine locative singular)
strašьnějemь (locative neuter singular)
strašьnъjь (masculine singular vocative)
strašьnaja (feminine singular vocative)
strašьnoje (neuter singular vocative)
strašьnaja (dual masculine nominative)
strašьněji (dual feminine nominative)
strašьněji (dual neuter nominative)
strašьnuju (dual genitive masculine)
strašьnuju (dual feminine genitive)
strašьnuju (dual genitive neuter)
strašьnyjima (dative dual masculine)
strašьnyjima (dative dual feminine)
strašьnyjima (dative dual neuter)
strašьnaja (accusative dual masculine)
strašьněji (accusative dual feminine)
strašьněji (accusative dual neuter)
strašьnyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
strašьnyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
strašьnyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
strašьnuju (dual locative masculine)
strašьnuju (dual feminine locative)
strašьnuju (dual locative neuter)
strašьnaja (dual masculine vocative)
strašьněji (dual feminine vocative)
strašьněji (dual neuter vocative)
strašьniji (masculine nominative plural)
strašьnyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
strašьnaja (neuter nominative plural)
strašьnъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
strašьnъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
strašьnъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
strašьnyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
strašьnyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
strašьnyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
strašьnyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
strašьnyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
strašьnaja (accusative neuter plural)
strašьnyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
strašьnyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
strašьnyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
strašьnyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
strašьnyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
strašьnyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
strašьniji (masculine plural vocative)
strašьnyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
strašьnaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: страшьныи (strašĭnyi)

Russian: страшный (strašnyj)

Ukrainian: страшний (strašnyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: страшьнъ (strašĭnŭ)

Glagolitic: ⱄⱅⱃⰰⱎⱐⱀⱏ (strašĭnŭ)

Bulgarian: страшен (strašen)

Macedonian: страшен (strašen)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: стра́шан

Latin script: strášan

West Slavic:

Old Czech: strašný

Czech: strašný

Old Polish: straszny

Polish: straszny

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: strašny

Lower Sorbian: tšašny


věrьnъ

věrьnъ (masculine nominative singular)
věrьna (feminine nominative singular)
věrьno (neuter nominative singular)
věrьna (genitive masculine singular)
věrьny (feminine genitive singular)
věrьna (genitive neuter singular)
věrьnu (dative masculine singular)
věrьně (dative feminine singular)
věrьnu (dative neuter singular)
věrьnъ (accusative masculine singular)
věrьnǫ (accusative feminine singular)
věrьno (accusative neuter singular)
věrьnomь (instrumental masculine singular)
věrьnojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
věrьnomь (instrumental neuter singular)
věrьně (locative masculine singular)
věrьně (feminine locative singular)
věrьně (locative neuter singular)
věrьne (masculine singular vocative)
věrьno (feminine singular vocative)
věrьno (neuter singular vocative)
věrьna (dual masculine nominative)
věrьně (dual feminine nominative)
věrьně (dual neuter nominative)
věrьnu (dual genitive masculine)
věrьnu (dual feminine genitive)
věrьnu (dual genitive neuter)
věrьnoma (dative dual masculine)
věrьnama (dative dual feminine)
věrьnoma (dative dual neuter)
věrьna (accusative dual masculine)
věrьně (accusative dual feminine)
věrьně (accusative dual neuter)
věrьnoma (dual instrumental masculine)
věrьnama (dual feminine instrumental)
věrьnoma (dual instrumental neuter)
věrьnu (dual locative masculine)
věrьnu (dual feminine locative)
věrьnu (dual locative neuter)
věrьna (dual masculine vocative)
věrьně (dual feminine vocative)
věrьně (dual neuter vocative)
věrьni (masculine nominative plural)
věrьny (feminine nominative plural)
věrьna (neuter nominative plural)
věrьnъ (genitive masculine plural)
věrьnъ (feminine genitive plural)
věrьnъ (genitive neuter plural)
věrьnomъ (dative masculine plural)
věrьnamъ (dative feminine plural)
věrьnomъ (dative neuter plural)
věrьny (accusative masculine plural)
věrьny (accusative feminine plural)
věrьna (accusative neuter plural)
věrьny (instrumental masculine plural)
věrьnami (feminine instrumental plural)
věrьny (instrumental neuter plural)
věrьněxъ (locative masculine plural)
věrьnaxъ (feminine locative plural)
věrьněxъ (locative neuter plural)
věrьni (masculine plural vocative)
věrьny (feminine plural vocative)
věrьna (neuter plural vocative)
věrьnъjь (masculine nominative singular)
věrьnaja (feminine nominative singular)
věrьnoje (neuter nominative singular)
věrьnajego (genitive masculine singular)
věrьnyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
věrьnajego (genitive neuter singular)
věrьnujemu (dative masculine singular)
věrьněji (dative feminine singular)
věrьnujemu (dative neuter singular)
věrьnъjь (accusative masculine singular)
věrьnǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
věrьnoje (accusative neuter singular)
věrьnyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
věrьnǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
věrьnyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
věrьnějemь (locative masculine singular)
věrьněji (feminine locative singular)
věrьnějemь (locative neuter singular)
věrьnъjь (masculine singular vocative)
věrьnaja (feminine singular vocative)
věrьnoje (neuter singular vocative)
věrьnaja (dual masculine nominative)
věrьněji (dual feminine nominative)
věrьněji (dual neuter nominative)
věrьnuju (dual genitive masculine)
věrьnuju (dual feminine genitive)
věrьnuju (dual genitive neuter)
věrьnyjima (dative dual masculine)
věrьnyjima (dative dual feminine)
věrьnyjima (dative dual neuter)
věrьnaja (accusative dual masculine)
věrьněji (accusative dual feminine)
věrьněji (accusative dual neuter)
věrьnyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
věrьnyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
věrьnyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
věrьnuju (dual locative masculine)
věrьnuju (dual feminine locative)
věrьnuju (dual locative neuter)
věrьnaja (dual masculine vocative)
věrьněji (dual feminine vocative)
věrьněji (dual neuter vocative)
věrьniji (masculine nominative plural)
věrьnyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
věrьnaja (neuter nominative plural)
věrьnъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
věrьnъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
věrьnъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
věrьnyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
věrьnyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
věrьnyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
věrьnyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
věrьnyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
věrьnaja (accusative neuter plural)
věrьnyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
věrьnyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
věrьnyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
věrьnyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
věrьnyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
věrьnyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
věrьniji (masculine plural vocative)
věrьnyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
věrьnaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: ве́рный (vérnyj)

Belarusian: ве́рны (vjérny)

Ukrainian: ві́рний (vírnyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: вѣрьнъ (věrĭnŭ)

Glagolitic: ⰲⱑⱃⱐⱀⱏ (věrĭnŭ)

Bulgarian: ве́рен (véren)

Macedonian: верен (veren)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ве́ран

Latin script: véran

West Slavic:

Old Czech: věrný

Czech: věrný

Old Polish: wierny

Polish: wierny

Pannonian Rusyn: вирни (virni)


edъva

East Slavic:

⇒ Belarusian: ледзь (ljedzʹ), ледзьве (ljedzʹvje)

Russian: едва́ (jedvá)

desc

⇒ Ukrainian: ледь (ledʹ), ле́две (lédve)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ѥдва (jedva), ѥдъва (jedŭva)

Bulgarian: едва́ (edvá)

Macedonian: едвај (edvaj), одвај (odvaj)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: је̏два

Latin script: jȅdva

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jedva, ledva

Czech: jedva, ledva

Bohemian (Chod dialect): jedva

⇒ Old Polish: jedwo, ledwo

Polish: ledwo

⇒ Polish: ledwie

⇒ Kashubian: ledvje, ledwœ (Ramułt's dictionary)

Old Slovak: ledva, ledve, ledvo, ledvom, ledvy

Pannonian Rusyn: лєдво (ljedvo)

Slovak: ledva

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: lědba

Upper Sorbian: lědma

The first element is possibly the same as in *edinъ (see there for more). For *-va, confer Bulgarian дава́ (davá, “probably, perhaps”) and Czech sotva. Furthermore, cognate with Lithuanian võs (“hardly”), vos ne vos (“scarcely”).
Variations with l- possibly contain a particle *le (see еле).


pěxota

pěxota (nominative singular)
pěxotě (dual nominative)
pěxoty (nominative plural)
pěxoty (genitive singular)
pěxotu (dual genitive)
pěxotъ (genitive plural)
pěxotě (dative singular)
pěxotama (dative dual)
pěxotamъ (dative plural)
pěxotǫ (accusative singular)
pěxotě (accusative dual)
pěxoty (accusative plural)
pěxotojǫ (instrumental singular)
pěxotǫ (instrumental singular)
pěxotama (dual instrumental)
pěxotami (instrumental plural)
pěxotě (locative singular)
pěxotu (dual locative)
pěxotasъ (locative plural)
pěxotaxъ (locative plural)
pěxoto (singular vocative)
pěxotě (dual vocative)
pěxoty (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: пяхо́та (pjaxóta)

Russian: пехо́та (pexóta)

Ukrainian: піхо́та (pixóta)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: пехо́та (pehóta)

West Slavic:

Czech: pěchota

Polish: piechota

Slovak: pechota

From *pěxъ + *-ota, the first element being derived from Proto-Indo-European *pēd-, a variant of *ped-.


ryxlъ

ryxlъ (masculine nominative singular)
ryxla (feminine nominative singular)
ryxlo (neuter nominative singular)
ryxla (genitive masculine singular)
ryxly (feminine genitive singular)
ryxla (genitive neuter singular)
ryxlu (dative masculine singular)
ryxlě (dative feminine singular)
ryxlu (dative neuter singular)
ryxlъ (accusative masculine singular)
ryxlǫ (accusative feminine singular)
ryxlo (accusative neuter singular)
ryxlomь (instrumental masculine singular)
ryxlojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
ryxlomь (instrumental neuter singular)
ryxlě (locative masculine singular)
ryxlě (feminine locative singular)
ryxlě (locative neuter singular)
ryxle (masculine singular vocative)
ryxlo (feminine singular vocative)
ryxlo (neuter singular vocative)
ryxla (dual masculine nominative)
ryxlě (dual feminine nominative)
ryxlě (dual neuter nominative)
ryxlu (dual genitive masculine)
ryxlu (dual feminine genitive)
ryxlu (dual genitive neuter)
ryxloma (dative dual masculine)
ryxlama (dative dual feminine)
ryxloma (dative dual neuter)
ryxla (accusative dual masculine)
ryxlě (accusative dual feminine)
ryxlě (accusative dual neuter)
ryxloma (dual instrumental masculine)
ryxlama (dual feminine instrumental)
ryxloma (dual instrumental neuter)
ryxlu (dual locative masculine)
ryxlu (dual feminine locative)
ryxlu (dual locative neuter)
ryxla (dual masculine vocative)
ryxlě (dual feminine vocative)
ryxlě (dual neuter vocative)
ryxli (masculine nominative plural)
ryxly (feminine nominative plural)
ryxla (neuter nominative plural)
ryxlъ (genitive masculine plural)
ryxlъ (feminine genitive plural)
ryxlъ (genitive neuter plural)
ryxlomъ (dative masculine plural)
ryxlamъ (dative feminine plural)
ryxlomъ (dative neuter plural)
ryxly (accusative masculine plural)
ryxly (accusative feminine plural)
ryxla (accusative neuter plural)
ryxly (instrumental masculine plural)
ryxlami (feminine instrumental plural)
ryxly (instrumental neuter plural)
ryxlěxъ (locative masculine plural)
ryxlaxъ (feminine locative plural)
ryxlěxъ (locative neuter plural)
ryxli (masculine plural vocative)
ryxly (feminine plural vocative)
ryxla (neuter plural vocative)
ryxlъjь (masculine nominative singular)
ryxlaja (feminine nominative singular)
ryxloje (neuter nominative singular)
ryxlajego (genitive masculine singular)
ryxlyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
ryxlajego (genitive neuter singular)
ryxlujemu (dative masculine singular)
ryxlěji (dative feminine singular)
ryxlujemu (dative neuter singular)
ryxlъjь (accusative masculine singular)
ryxlǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
ryxloje (accusative neuter singular)
ryxlyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
ryxlǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
ryxlyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
ryxlějemь (locative masculine singular)
ryxlěji (feminine locative singular)
ryxlějemь (locative neuter singular)
ryxlъjь (masculine singular vocative)
ryxlaja (feminine singular vocative)
ryxloje (neuter singular vocative)
ryxlaja (dual masculine nominative)
ryxlěji (dual feminine nominative)
ryxlěji (dual neuter nominative)
ryxluju (dual genitive masculine)
ryxluju (dual feminine genitive)
ryxluju (dual genitive neuter)
ryxlyjima (dative dual masculine)
ryxlyjima (dative dual feminine)
ryxlyjima (dative dual neuter)
ryxlaja (accusative dual masculine)
ryxlěji (accusative dual feminine)
ryxlěji (accusative dual neuter)
ryxlyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
ryxlyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
ryxlyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
ryxluju (dual locative masculine)
ryxluju (dual feminine locative)
ryxluju (dual locative neuter)
ryxlaja (dual masculine vocative)
ryxlěji (dual feminine vocative)
ryxlěji (dual neuter vocative)
ryxliji (masculine nominative plural)
ryxlyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
ryxlaja (neuter nominative plural)
ryxlъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
ryxlъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
ryxlъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
ryxlyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
ryxlyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
ryxlyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
ryxlyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
ryxlyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
ryxlaja (accusative neuter plural)
ryxlyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
ryxlyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
ryxlyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
ryxlyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
ryxlyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
ryxlyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
ryxliji (masculine plural vocative)
ryxlyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
ryxlaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: ры́хлый (rýxlyj)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: rëchłi (rare)

Old Czech: rychlý

Czech: rychlý

Polish: rychły

Slovak: rýchly

Related to *ruxъ. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rews-, extension of *h₃er-.


selzenь

selzenь (nominative singular)
selzeni (dual nominative)
selzeni (nominative plural)
selzeni (genitive singular)
selzenьju (dual genitive)
selzenьjь (genitive plural)
selzeni (dative singular)
selzenьma (dative dual)
selzenьmъ (dative plural)
selzenь (accusative singular)
selzeni (accusative dual)
selzeni (accusative plural)
selzenьjǫ (instrumental singular)
selzenьma (dual instrumental)
selzenьmi (instrumental plural)
selzeni (locative singular)
selzenьju (dual locative)
selzenьxъ (locative plural)
selzeni (singular vocative)
selzeni (dual vocative)
selzeni (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

⇒ Belarusian: селязёнка (sjeljazjónka)

⇒ Russian: селезёнка (selezjónka)

⇒ Ukrainian: селезі́нка (selezínka)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: слѣзена (slězena)

Bulgarian: сле́зка (slézka)

Macedonian: слезина (slezina)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: слезѝна, слезѐна

Latin script: slezìna, slezèna

West Slavic:

Old Czech: slezina

Czech: slezina

Old Polish: słodzona

Polish: śledziona

Silesian: śledziōna, ślejziōna

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: słodzëna

Slovak: slezina

From a tentative Proto-Indo-European *s(p)lēǵʰ-n- ~ *s(p)leh₁ǵʰ-n- (“spleen”), from a root *spleǵʰ-, heavily distorted, likely for taboo reasons. Compare Ancient Greek σπλήν (splḗn), Latin liēn, Sanskrit प्लिहन् (plihan), Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬥 (spər^əzan) and Lithuanian blužni̇̀s


šumъ

šumъ (nominative singular)
šuma (dual nominative)
šumi (nominative plural)
šuma (genitive singular)
šumu (dual genitive)
šumъ (genitive plural)
šumu (dative singular)
šumoma (dative dual)
šumomъ (dative plural)
šumъ (accusative singular)
šuma (accusative dual)
šumy (accusative plural)
šumъmь (instrumental singular)
šumomь (instrumental singular)
šumoma (dual instrumental)
šumy (instrumental plural)
šumě (locative singular)
šumu (dual locative)
šuměxъ (locative plural)
šume (singular vocative)
šuma (dual vocative)
šumi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: шумъ (šumŭ)

Old Ruthenian: шумъ (šum)

Belarusian: шум (šum)

Ukrainian: шум (šum)

Russian: шум (šum)

Old Novgorodian: шюме (šjume)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Russian Church Slavonic: шоумъ (šumŭ)

Bulgarian: шум (šum)

Macedonian: шум (šum)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: шу̑м

Latin script: šȗm

Slovene: šȗm

West Slavic:

Czech: šum

Kashubian: szëmòt

Old Polish: szum

Polish: szum

Slovak: šum

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: šum

Upper Sorbian: šum

From *šu- + *-mъ. According to Pokorny, ultimately from the onomatopoeic Proto-Indo-European root *kū- (“to howl”), see also Proto-Celtic *kuwannos (“owl”), Lithuanian šaũkti (“to shout, yell, cry”), šaũksmas (“scream, cry”), Sanskrit कुक्कुट (kukkuṭa, “rooster”).


vьrsta

vьrsta (nominative singular)
vьrstě (dual nominative)
vьrsty (nominative plural)
vьrsty (genitive singular)
vьrstu (dual genitive)
vьrstъ (genitive plural)
vьrstě (dative singular)
vьrstama (dative dual)
vьrstamъ (dative plural)
vьrstǫ (accusative singular)
vьrstě (accusative dual)
vьrsty (accusative plural)
vьrstojǫ (instrumental singular)
vьrstǫ (instrumental singular)
vьrstama (dual instrumental)
vьrstami (instrumental plural)
vьrstě (locative singular)
vьrstu (dual locative)
vьrstasъ (locative plural)
vьrstaxъ (locative plural)
vьrsto (singular vocative)
vьrstě (dual vocative)
vьrsty (plural vocative)
*vьrstva (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вьрста (vĭrsta)

Old Ruthenian: верста (versta)

Belarusian: вярста́ (vjarstá)

Ukrainian: верства́ (verstvá)

Russian: верста́ (verstá)

desc

→ Polish: wersta (obsolete), werstwa (obsolete), wiorsta

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: врьста (vrĭsta)

→ Romanian: vârstă

Bulgarian: връст (vrǎst) (dialectal)

Macedonian: врста (vrsta)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: вр́ста

Latin script: vŕsta

Slovene: vŕst (obsolete), vŕsta

West Slavic:

Kashubian: wiôrszta

Old Czech: vrstva
Czech: vrstva

Polish: warstwa

Silesian: wŏrsztwa

Slovak: vrstva

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: woršta

Lower Sorbian: warsta

Derived from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn, rotate”). Akin to Lithuanian var̃stas.


grivьna

grivьna (nominative singular)
grivьně (dual nominative)
grivьny (nominative plural)
grivьny (genitive singular)
grivьnu (dual genitive)
grivьnъ (genitive plural)
grivьně (dative singular)
grivьnama (dative dual)
grivьnamъ (dative plural)
grivьnǫ (accusative singular)
grivьně (accusative dual)
grivьny (accusative plural)
grivьnojǫ (instrumental singular)
grivьnǭ (instrumental singular)
grivьnama (dual instrumental)
grivьnamī (instrumental plural)
grivьně (locative singular)
grivьnu (dual locative)
grivьnasъ (locative plural)
grivьnaxъ (locative plural)
grivьno (singular vocative)
grivьně (dual vocative)
grivьny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гривьна (grivĭna)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: гри́вна (hrívna), гры́вна (hrývna), гри́внꙗ (hrívnja)
Belarusian: гры́ўня (hrýŭnja)
Ukrainian: гри́вня (hrývnja, “unit of currency and weight”), гри́вна (hrývna, “a torque”)

Russian: гри́вна (grívna)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: гри́вна (grívna)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гри̑вна

Latin script: grȋvna

Slovene: grȋvna

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hřivna

Czech: hřivna

Polabian: grėiwně

Old Polish: grzywna, krzywna

Polish: grzywna

Slovak: hrivna

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: hriwna


nenavistь

nenavistь (nominative singular)
nenavisti (dual nominative)
nenavisti (nominative plural)
nenavisti (genitive singular)
nenavistьju (dual genitive)
nenavistьjь (genitive plural)
nenavisti (dative singular)
nenavistьma (dative dual)
nenavistьmъ (dative plural)
nenavistь (accusative singular)
nenavisti (accusative dual)
nenavisti (accusative plural)
nenavistьjǫ (instrumental singular)
nenavistьma (dual instrumental)
nenavistьmi (instrumental plural)
nenavisti (locative singular)
nenavistьju (dual locative)
nenavistьxъ (locative plural)
nenavisti (singular vocative)
nenavisti (dual vocative)
nenavisti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: нянавісць (njanaviscʹ)

Russian: ненависть (nenavistʹ)

Ukrainian: ненависть (nenavystʹ)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: ненависть (nenavistĭ)

Bulgarian: ненавист (nenavist)

Macedonian: ненавист (nenavist)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ненавист (archaic)

Latin script: nenavist (archaic)

West Slavic:

Czech: nenávist

Polish: nienawiść

Slovak: nenávisť

From *nenaviděti + *-tь, from *ne (“not”) + *naviděti, from *na (“on(to), in(to)”) + *viděti (“to see”).


rěšiti

rěšenьje (noun-from-verb)
rěšiti (infinitive)
rěšitъ (supine)
rěšilъ (l-participle)
rěšenъ (participle passive past)
rěšimъ (participle passive present)
rěšь (active participle past)
rěšę (active participle present)
rěšixъ (aorist first-person singular)
rěši (aorist second-person singular)
rěši (aorist singular third-person)
rěšǫ (first-person present singular)
rěšiši (present second-person singular)
rěšitь (present singular third-person)
rěšixově (aorist dual first-person)
rěšista (aorist dual second-person)
rěšiste (aorist dual third-person)
rěšivě (dual first-person present)
rěšita (dual present second-person)
rěšite (dual present third-person)
rěšixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
rěšiste (aorist plural second-person)
rěšišę (aorist plural third-person)
rěšimъ (first-person plural present)
rěšite (plural present second-person)
rěšętь (plural present third-person)
rěšaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
rěšaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
rěšaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
rěši (imperative second-person singular)
rěši (imperative singular third-person)
rěšaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
rěšaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
rěšaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
rěšivě (dual first-person imperative)
rěšita (dual imperative second-person)
rěšaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
rěšaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
rěšaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
rěšimъ (first-person imperative plural)
rěšite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: рѣшити (rěšiti)

Old Ruthenian: рѣши́ти (rěšíti)

Belarusian: рашы́ць (rašýcʹ)

Ukrainian: ріши́ти (rišýty)

Russian: реши́ть (rešítʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: рѣшити (rěšiti)

Glagolitic script: ⱃⱑⱎⰺⱅⰺ (rěšiti)

Bulgarian: реша́ (rešá)

Macedonian: реши (reši)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ре́шити; рије́шити

Latin script: réšiti; rijéšiti

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: rešīti, rẹ́šiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desc

Czech: řešit (“to deal with; to discuss”)

Kashubian: rzeszëc (“to tie”)

⇒ Old Polish: rozdrzeszyć, rozgrzeszyć, rozrzeszyć (“to absolve”)

Polish: rozgrzeszyć

Polabian: *resĕt

⇒ Polabian: resenĕ

Slovak: riešiť

The exact Proto Balto-Slavic form is contested. Vasmer adduces Lithuanian raišýti, Lithuanian rišti, Lithuanian ryšys, Latin rica as cognates. If so, from Proto-Indo-European *wreyḱ- (“to twist, bend”).


retędzь

retędzь (nominative singular)
retędza (dual nominative)
retędzi (nominative plural)
retędza (genitive singular)
retędzu (dual genitive)
retędzь (genitive plural)
retędzu (dative singular)
retędzema (dative dual)
retędzemъ (dative plural)
retędzь (accusative singular)
retędza (accusative dual)
retędzę̇ (accusative plural)
retędzьmь (instrumental singular)
retędzemь (instrumental singular)
retędzema (dual instrumental)
retędzi (instrumental plural)
retędzi (locative singular)
retędzu (dual locative)
retędzixъ (locative plural)
retęže (singular vocative)
retędza (dual vocative)
retędzi (plural vocative)
*recędzь (alternative)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: ре́тязь (rétjazʹ)

West Slavic:

Czech: řetěz

Old Polish: rzeciądz

Polish: wrzeciądz

Slovak: reťaz

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: ŕeśaz

Upper Sorbian: rjećaz

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: retesz

→ Lithuanian: rẽtėžis

→ Romanian: retez

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *rakentǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *reǵ- (“to bind”).


kъrmiti

kъrmľenьje (noun-from-verb)
kъrmiti (infinitive)
kъrmitъ (supine)
kъrmilъ (l-participle)
kъrmľenъ (participle passive past)
kъrmimъ (participle passive present)
kъrmľь (active participle past)
kъrmę (active participle present)
kъrmixъ (aorist first-person singular)
kъrmi (aorist second-person singular)
kъrmi (aorist singular third-person)
kъrmľǫ (first-person present singular)
kъrmiši (present second-person singular)
kъrmitь (present singular third-person)
kъrmixově (aorist dual first-person)
kъrmista (aorist dual second-person)
kъrmiste (aorist dual third-person)
kъrmivě (dual first-person present)
kъrmita (dual present second-person)
kъrmite (dual present third-person)
kъrmixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kъrmiste (aorist plural second-person)
kъrmišę (aorist plural third-person)
kъrmimъ (first-person plural present)
kъrmite (plural present second-person)
kъrmętь (plural present third-person)
kъrmľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kъrmľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kъrmľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kъrmi (imperative second-person singular)
kъrmi (imperative singular third-person)
kъrmľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kъrmľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kъrmľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kъrmivě (dual first-person imperative)
kъrmita (dual imperative second-person)
kъrmľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kъrmľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kъrmľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kъrmimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kъrmite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: кармі́ць (karmícʹ)

Russian: корми́ть (kormítʹ)

Ukrainian: корми́ти (kormýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: кръмити (krŭmiti)

Bulgarian: къ́рмя (kǎ́rmja)

Macedonian: крми (krmi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: крмити

Latin script: krmiti

West Slavic:

Old Czech: krmiti

Czech: krmit

Polish: karmić

Slovak: kŕmiť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kormić

Lower Sorbian: kjarmiś


kъrmiti

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: кръмити (krŭmiti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: крмити

Latin script: krmiti

Slovene: kŕmiti


prijaznь

prijàznь (canonical feminine)
prijàznь (nominative singular)
prijazni (dual nominative)
prijazni (nominative plural)
prijazni (genitive singular)
prijaznьju (dual genitive)
prijaznьjь (genitive plural)
prijazni (dative singular)
prijaznьma (dative dual)
prijaznьmъ (dative plural)
prijàznь (accusative singular)
prijazni (accusative dual)
prijazni (accusative plural)
prijaznьjǫ (instrumental singular)
prijaznьma (dual instrumental)
prijaznьmi (instrumental plural)
prijazni (locative singular)
prijaznьju (dual locative)
prijaznьxъ (locative plural)
prijazni (singular vocative)
prijazni (dual vocative)
prijazni (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: приꙗзнь (prijaznĭ)

Russian: прия́знь (prijáznʹ)

Ukrainian: прия́знь (pryjáznʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: приꙗзнь (prijaznĭ)

Slovene: prijázən (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: přiezn

Czech: přízeň

Old Polish: przyjaźń

Polish: przyjaźń

Silesian: przijaźń

Slovak: priazeň

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pśijazń


trudьnъ

trudьnъ (masculine nominative singular)
trudьna (feminine nominative singular)
trudьno (neuter nominative singular)
trudьna (genitive masculine singular)
trudьny (feminine genitive singular)
trudьna (genitive neuter singular)
trudьnu (dative masculine singular)
trudьně (dative feminine singular)
trudьnu (dative neuter singular)
trudьnъ (accusative masculine singular)
trudьnǫ (accusative feminine singular)
trudьno (accusative neuter singular)
trudьnomь (instrumental masculine singular)
trudьnojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
trudьnomь (instrumental neuter singular)
trudьně (locative masculine singular)
trudьně (feminine locative singular)
trudьně (locative neuter singular)
trudьne (masculine singular vocative)
trudьno (feminine singular vocative)
trudьno (neuter singular vocative)
trudьna (dual masculine nominative)
trudьně (dual feminine nominative)
trudьně (dual neuter nominative)
trudьnu (dual genitive masculine)
trudьnu (dual feminine genitive)
trudьnu (dual genitive neuter)
trudьnoma (dative dual masculine)
trudьnama (dative dual feminine)
trudьnoma (dative dual neuter)
trudьna (accusative dual masculine)
trudьně (accusative dual feminine)
trudьně (accusative dual neuter)
trudьnoma (dual instrumental masculine)
trudьnama (dual feminine instrumental)
trudьnoma (dual instrumental neuter)
trudьnu (dual locative masculine)
trudьnu (dual feminine locative)
trudьnu (dual locative neuter)
trudьna (dual masculine vocative)
trudьně (dual feminine vocative)
trudьně (dual neuter vocative)
trudьni (masculine nominative plural)
trudьny (feminine nominative plural)
trudьna (neuter nominative plural)
trudьnъ (genitive masculine plural)
trudьnъ (feminine genitive plural)
trudьnъ (genitive neuter plural)
trudьnomъ (dative masculine plural)
trudьnamъ (dative feminine plural)
trudьnomъ (dative neuter plural)
trudьny (accusative masculine plural)
trudьny (accusative feminine plural)
trudьna (accusative neuter plural)
trudьny (instrumental masculine plural)
trudьnami (feminine instrumental plural)
trudьny (instrumental neuter plural)
trudьněxъ (locative masculine plural)
trudьnaxъ (feminine locative plural)
trudьněxъ (locative neuter plural)
trudьni (masculine plural vocative)
trudьny (feminine plural vocative)
trudьna (neuter plural vocative)
trudьnъjь (masculine nominative singular)
trudьnaja (feminine nominative singular)
trudьnoje (neuter nominative singular)
trudьnajego (genitive masculine singular)
trudьnyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
trudьnajego (genitive neuter singular)
trudьnujemu (dative masculine singular)
trudьněji (dative feminine singular)
trudьnujemu (dative neuter singular)
trudьnъjь (accusative masculine singular)
trudьnǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
trudьnoje (accusative neuter singular)
trudьnyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
trudьnǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
trudьnyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
trudьnějemь (locative masculine singular)
trudьněji (feminine locative singular)
trudьnějemь (locative neuter singular)
trudьnъjь (masculine singular vocative)
trudьnaja (feminine singular vocative)
trudьnoje (neuter singular vocative)
trudьnaja (dual masculine nominative)
trudьněji (dual feminine nominative)
trudьněji (dual neuter nominative)
trudьnuju (dual genitive masculine)
trudьnuju (dual feminine genitive)
trudьnuju (dual genitive neuter)
trudьnyjima (dative dual masculine)
trudьnyjima (dative dual feminine)
trudьnyjima (dative dual neuter)
trudьnaja (accusative dual masculine)
trudьněji (accusative dual feminine)
trudьněji (accusative dual neuter)
trudьnyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
trudьnyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
trudьnyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
trudьnuju (dual locative masculine)
trudьnuju (dual feminine locative)
trudьnuju (dual locative neuter)
trudьnaja (dual masculine vocative)
trudьněji (dual feminine vocative)
trudьněji (dual neuter vocative)
trudьniji (masculine nominative plural)
trudьnyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
trudьnaja (neuter nominative plural)
trudьnъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
trudьnъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
trudьnъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
trudьnyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
trudьnyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
trudьnyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
trudьnyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
trudьnyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
trudьnaja (accusative neuter plural)
trudьnyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
trudьnyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
trudьnyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
trudьnyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
trudьnyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
trudьnyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
trudьniji (masculine plural vocative)
trudьnyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
trudьnaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: тру́дны (trúdny)

Russian: тру́дный (trúdnyj)

Ukrainian: трудни́й (trudnýj)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: тру́ден (trúden)

Macedonian: труден (truden)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тру́дан

Latin script: trúdan

Slovene: trúden

West Slavic:

Old Czech: trudný
Czech: trudný

desctree

Old Polish: trudny
Polish: trudny
Silesian: trudny

Old Slovak: trudný
Slovak: trudný

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: trëdny


dьržava

dьržava (nominative singular)
dьržavě (dual nominative)
dьržavy (nominative plural)
dьržavy (genitive singular)
dьržavu (dual genitive)
dьržavъ (genitive plural)
dьržavě (dative singular)
dьržavama (dative dual)
dьržavamъ (dative plural)
dьržavǫ (accusative singular)
dьržavě (accusative dual)
dьržavy (accusative plural)
dьržavojǫ (instrumental singular)
dьržavǫ (instrumental singular)
dьržavama (dual instrumental)
dьržavami (instrumental plural)
dьržavě (locative singular)
dьržavu (dual locative)
dьržavasъ (locative plural)
dьržavaxъ (locative plural)
dьržavo (singular vocative)
dьržavě (dual vocative)
dьržavy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дьржа́ва (dĭržáva)

Old Ruthenian: держа́ва (deržáva)

Belarusian: дзяржа́ва (dzjaržáva)

Ukrainian: держа́ва (deržáva)

Russian: держа́ва (deržáva)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: дръжава (drŭžava)

Bulgarian: държава (dǎržava)

Macedonian: држава (država)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: држава

Latin script: država

Slovene: država

West Slavic:

Czech: država (“dependency”)

Polish: dzierżawa (“lease”)

desc

Pannonian Rusyn: держава (deržava, “country, state”)

Slovak: dŕžava (“dependency”) (archaic)


gъpanъ

gъpanъ (nominative singular)
gъpana (dual nominative)
gъpani (nominative plural)
gъpana (genitive singular)
gъpanu (dual genitive)
gъpanъ (genitive plural)
gъpanu (dative singular)
gъpanoma (dative dual)
gъpanomъ (dative plural)
gъpanъ (accusative singular)
gъpana (accusative dual)
gъpany (accusative plural)
gъpanъmь (instrumental singular)
gъpanomь (instrumental singular)
gъpanoma (dual instrumental)
gъpany (instrumental plural)
gъpaně (locative singular)
gъpanu (dual locative)
gъpaněxъ (locative plural)
gъpane (singular vocative)
gъpana (dual vocative)
gъpani (plural vocative)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hpán, pán

Czech: pán, pan

desctree

Old Polish: pan
Polish: pan
→ Lithuanian: põnas
→ Yiddish: פּאַן (pan)
Silesian: pōn
→ Old East Slavic: панъ (panŭ) (13ᵗʰ c.)
Old Ruthenian: панъ (pan) (14ᵗʰ c.)
Belarusian: пан (pan)
Carpathian Rusyn: пан (pan)
Ukrainian: пан (pan)
→ Middle Russian: панъ (pan) (16ᵗʰ c.)
Russian: пан (pan)

Old Slovak: pán

Pannonian Rusyn: пан (pan)

Slovak: pán

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: pón

Slovincian: pón

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pan

Upper Sorbian: pan

Probably borrowed from Iranian; in particular, Borrowed from Scythian *γu-pāna-, further from Proto-Iranian *gu-pāna-, *gau-pāna- (“cattleguard”), from a compound of *gā́wš (“cow”) + *pāna- (“protection, security, guard”), the latter from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to guard, protect”).
According to Boryś, Sanskrit गोपायति (gopāyati) and गोपा (gopā) are possible cognates, all from a supposed Proto-Indo-European *gewp- (“to hide, protect”), the Slavic word extended with *-anъ. This is rejected by ESSJa, which prefers the above borrowing theory.


orstiti

orsťenьje (noun-from-verb)
orstiti (infinitive)
orstitъ (supine)
orstilъ (l-participle)
orsťenъ (participle passive past)
orstimъ (participle passive present)
orsťь (active participle past)
orstę (active participle present)
orstixъ (aorist first-person singular)
orsti (aorist second-person singular)
orsti (aorist singular third-person)
orsťǫ (first-person present singular)
orstiši (present second-person singular)
orstitь (present singular third-person)
orstixově (aorist dual first-person)
orstista (aorist dual second-person)
orstiste (aorist dual third-person)
orstivě (dual first-person present)
orstita (dual present second-person)
orstite (dual present third-person)
orstixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
orstiste (aorist plural second-person)
orstišę (aorist plural third-person)
orstimъ (first-person plural present)
orstite (plural present second-person)
orstętь (plural present third-person)
orsťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
orsťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
orsťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
orsti (imperative second-person singular)
orsti (imperative singular third-person)
orsťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
orsťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
orsťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
orstivě (dual first-person imperative)
orstita (dual imperative second-person)
orsťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
orsťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
orsťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
orstimъ (first-person imperative plural)
orstite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic

Belarusian: расці́ць (rascícʹ)

Russian: расти́ть (rastítʹ)

Ukrainian: рости́ти (rostýty)

South Slavic

Old Church Slavonic: растити (rastiti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: растити

Latin script: rastiti

Slovene: rastiti (obsolete)

West Slavic

Czech: rostiti (rare)

desc

Old Polish: rościć się (“to multiply, proliferate”)

Polish: rościć (“to arrogate”)

(transitive) to grow (to cause or allow to become bigger)


krušiti

krušenьje (noun-from-verb)
krušiti (infinitive)
krušitъ (supine)
krušilъ (l-participle)
krušenъ (participle passive past)
krušimъ (participle passive present)
krušь (active participle past)
krušę (active participle present)
krušixъ (aorist first-person singular)
kruši (aorist second-person singular)
kruši (aorist singular third-person)
krušǫ (first-person present singular)
krušiši (present second-person singular)
krušitь (present singular third-person)
krušixově (aorist dual first-person)
krušista (aorist dual second-person)
krušiste (aorist dual third-person)
krušivě (dual first-person present)
krušita (dual present second-person)
krušite (dual present third-person)
krušixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
krušiste (aorist plural second-person)
krušišę (aorist plural third-person)
krušimъ (first-person plural present)
krušite (plural present second-person)
krušętь (plural present third-person)
krušaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
krušaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
krušaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kruši (imperative second-person singular)
kruši (imperative singular third-person)
krušaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
krušaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
krušaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
krušivě (dual first-person imperative)
krušita (dual imperative second-person)
krušaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
krušaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
krušaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
krušimъ (first-person imperative plural)
krušite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic

Russian: круши́ть (krušítʹ)

Ukrainian: круши́ти (krušýty)

South Slavic

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кру́шити

Latin script: krúšiti

Slovene: krúšiti

West Slavic

Czech: krušit

Polish: kruszyć

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: krušić

From *sъkrušiti

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: съкрушити (sŭkrušiti)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱏⰽⱃⱆⱎⰻⱅⰻ (sŭkrušiti)

Bulgarian: съкруша̀вам (sǎkrušàvam)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kraušī́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *krows-. Akin to Latvian krausēt and Lithuanian kraušyti.


krъšiti

krъšenьje (noun-from-verb)
krъšiti (infinitive)
krъšitъ (supine)
krъšilъ (l-participle)
krъšenъ (participle passive past)
krъšimъ (participle passive present)
krъšь (active participle past)
krъšę (active participle present)
krъšixъ (aorist first-person singular)
krъši (aorist second-person singular)
krъši (aorist singular third-person)
krъšǫ (first-person present singular)
krъšiši (present second-person singular)
krъšitь (present singular third-person)
krъšixově (aorist dual first-person)
krъšista (aorist dual second-person)
krъšiste (aorist dual third-person)
krъšivě (dual first-person present)
krъšita (dual present second-person)
krъšite (dual present third-person)
krъšixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
krъšiste (aorist plural second-person)
krъšišę (aorist plural third-person)
krъšimъ (first-person plural present)
krъšite (plural present second-person)
krъšętь (plural present third-person)
krъšaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
krъšaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
krъšaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
krъši (imperative second-person singular)
krъši (imperative singular third-person)
krъšaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
krъšaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
krъšaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
krъšivě (dual first-person imperative)
krъšita (dual imperative second-person)
krъšaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
krъšaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
krъšaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
krъšimъ (first-person imperative plural)
krъšite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic

Russian: кроши́ть (krošítʹ)

Ukrainian: криши́ти (kryšýty)

South Slavic

Old Church Slavonic: кръшити (krŭšiti)

Bulgarian: къ̀рша (kǎ̀rša)

Macedonian: крши (krši)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кр̀шити

Latin script: kr̀šiti

Slovene: kŕšiti

West Slavic

Old Polish: krszczyć, krzczyć

Polish: krszyć, krzyć (Middle Polish), krzcyć (Near Masovian)

Derived from Proto-Indo-European *krows- (“to bump, push, break”). Akin to Lithuanian krùšti.

der+

(transitive) to crumble (to break into crumbs)


nuriti

nuřenьje (noun-from-verb)
nuriti (infinitive)
nuritъ (supine)
nurilъ (l-participle)
nuřenъ (participle passive past)
nurimъ (participle passive present)
nuřь (active participle past)
nurę (active participle present)
nurixъ (aorist first-person singular)
nuri (aorist second-person singular)
nuri (aorist singular third-person)
nuřǫ (first-person present singular)
nuriši (present second-person singular)
nuritь (present singular third-person)
nurixově (aorist dual first-person)
nurista (aorist dual second-person)
nuriste (aorist dual third-person)
nurivě (dual first-person present)
nurita (dual present second-person)
nurite (dual present third-person)
nurixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
nuriste (aorist plural second-person)
nurišę (aorist plural third-person)
nurimъ (first-person plural present)
nurite (plural present second-person)
nurętь (plural present third-person)
nuřaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
nuřaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
nuřaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
nuri (imperative second-person singular)
nuri (imperative singular third-person)
nuřaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
nuřaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
nuřaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
nurivě (dual first-person imperative)
nurita (dual imperative second-person)
nuřaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
nuřaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
nuřaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
nurimъ (first-person imperative plural)
nurite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic

Belarusian: ну́рiць (núricʹ)

Russian: ну́рить (núritʹ)

⇒ Ukrainian: пону́рити (ponúryty)

South Slavic

desc

⇒ Old Church Slavonic: изноурити (iznuriti)

West Slavic

Czech: nuřit (obsolete)

Old Polish: nurzyć

Polish: nurzyć (obsolete)

Slovak: nuriť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: nuriś

Upper Sorbian: nurić

(transitive) to immerse, to plunge, to submerge


noriti

nořenьje (noun-from-verb)
noriti (infinitive)
noritъ (supine)
norilъ (l-participle)
nořenъ (participle passive past)
norimъ (participle passive present)
nořь (active participle past)
norę (active participle present)
norixъ (aorist first-person singular)
nori (aorist second-person singular)
nori (aorist singular third-person)
nořǫ (first-person present singular)
noriši (present second-person singular)
noritь (present singular third-person)
norixově (aorist dual first-person)
norista (aorist dual second-person)
noriste (aorist dual third-person)
norivě (dual first-person present)
norita (dual present second-person)
norite (dual present third-person)
norixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
noriste (aorist plural second-person)
norišę (aorist plural third-person)
norimъ (first-person plural present)
norite (plural present second-person)
norętь (plural present third-person)
nořaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
nořaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
nořaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
nori (imperative second-person singular)
nori (imperative singular third-person)
nořaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
nořaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
nořaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
norivě (dual first-person imperative)
norita (dual imperative second-person)
nořaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
nořaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
nořaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
norimъ (first-person imperative plural)
norite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic

>? Russian: нори́ться (norítʹsja, “to burrow”)

>? Ukrainian: нори́ти (norýty, “to burrow”)

West Slavic

Czech: nořit

Slovak: noriť

According to Pokorny, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ner- (“to wind, turn”), see also Proto-Germanic *snerkaną, *narwaz, Sanskrit नृत् (nṛt, “to dance about”).


ǫxati

ǫxàti (canonical)
ǫxanьje (noun-from-verb)
ǫxati (infinitive)
ǫxatъ (supine)
ǫxalъ (l-participle)
ǫxanъ (participle passive past)
ǫxajemъ (participle passive present)
ǫxavъ (active participle past)
ǫxaję (active participle present)
ǫxaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
ǫxa (aorist second-person singular)
ǫxa (aorist singular third-person)
ǫxajǫ (first-person present singular)
ǫxaješi (present second-person singular)
ǫxajetь (present singular third-person)
ǫxaxově (aorist dual first-person)
ǫxasta (aorist dual second-person)
ǫxaste (aorist dual third-person)
ǫxajevě (dual first-person present)
ǫxajeta (dual present second-person)
ǫxajete (dual present third-person)
ǫxaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
ǫxaste (aorist plural second-person)
ǫxašę (aorist plural third-person)
ǫxajemъ (first-person plural present)
ǫxajete (plural present second-person)
ǫxajǫtь (plural present third-person)
ǫxaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
ǫxaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
ǫxaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
ǫxaji (imperative second-person singular)
ǫxaji (imperative singular third-person)
ǫxaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
ǫxaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
ǫxaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
ǫxajivě (dual first-person imperative)
ǫxajita (dual imperative second-person)
ǫxaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
ǫxaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
ǫxaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
ǫxajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
ǫxajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: ѫха́ти (ǫxáti), оуха́ти (uxáti)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: уха́ти (uxáti)
Ukrainian: уха́ти (uxáty) (obsolete)

desc

благооуха́ти

⇒ Old East Slavic: благооуха́ти (blagouxáti)

Russian: благоуха́ть (blagouxátʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ѫхати (ǫxati)

Russian Church Slavonic: оухати (uxati)

⇒ Serbian Church Slavonic: ѫхание (ǫxanije)

Bulgarian: ухая (uhaja)

⇒ Bulgarian: въх (vǎh)

Slovene: vọ̑hati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: wąchac

Polish: wąchać

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁- (“to breathe”).


maťexa

màťexa (canonical feminine)
màťexa (nominative singular)
màťeśě (dual nominative)
màťexy (nominative plural)
màťexy (genitive singular)
màťexu (dual genitive)
màťexъ (genitive plural)
màťeśě (dative singular)
màťexama (dative dual)
màťexamъ (dative plural)
màťexǫ (accusative singular)
màťeśě (accusative dual)
màťexy (accusative plural)
màťexojǫ (instrumental singular)
màťexǭ (instrumental singular)
màťexama (dual instrumental)
màťexamī (instrumental plural)
màťeśě (locative singular)
màťexu (dual locative)
màťexasъ (locative plural)
màťexaxъ (locative plural)
màťexo (singular vocative)
màťeśě (dual vocative)
màťexy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

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Old East Slavic: ма́чеха (máčexa), мма́чиха (mmáčixa), ма́щеха (máščexa)

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Old Ruthenian: ма́чоха (máčoxa), ма́чаха (máčaxa), ма́чеха (máčexa), ма́чуха (máčuxa), ма́тчоха (mátčoxa)
Belarusian: ма́чаха (máčaxa), ма́чыха (máčyxa); ма́ччыха (máččyxa), ма́чоха (máčoxa), ма́чэха (máčexa), ма́чуха (máčuxa) (dialectal)
Carpathian Rusyn: ма́чоха (máčoxa)
Ukrainian: ма́чуха (máčuxa), ма́чоха (máčoxa); ма́чиха (máčyxa), ма́чьоха (máčʹoxa) (dialectal)

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Russian: ма́чеха (máčexa), ма́чиха (máčixa); ма́чуха (máčuxa) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: мащеха (maštexa)

Glagolitic script: ⰿⰰⱋⰵⱈⰰ (maštexa)

Bulgarian: ма́щеха (mášteha), ма́щиха (máštiha); ма́штеха (mášteha), машче́йа (maščéja), ма́штеа (máštea) (dialectal)

Macedonian: маштеа (maštea); маштиха (maštiha), маќеа (maḱea), макева (makeva) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ма̏ћеха; маћеја, ма̏ћа̄, ма̏ћиха, ма̏ћија, ма̏чија, мачуха, мачеха, маћува (dialectal); маћуха, маћаха

Latin script: mȁćeha; maćaja, mȁćā, mȁćiha, mȁćija, mȁčija, mačuha, mačeha, maćuva (dialectal); mȁćuha, maćaha

Slovene: máčeha, máčuha; mačoha, mazhoha (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: macecha

Czech: macecha

Bohemian (Chod dialect): macocha

Kashubian: macecha

Polabian: motexă

Old Polish: macocha, macecha

Polish: macocha; macecha, macycha, macoχa (dialectal)

Old Slovak: macecha, macocha

Slovak: macocha; macoha (dialectal)

Slovincian: macêcha

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: macocha

Upper Sorbian: macocha

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: mostoha

From *màti (“mother”) + *-jexa, originally meaning “like a mother”.

ętry

sister-in-law (husband's brother's wife)


pragnǫti

pragnovenьje (noun-from-verb)
pragnǫti (infinitive)
pragnǫtъ (supine)
pragnǫlъ (l-participle)
pragnovenъ (participle passive past)
pragnomъ (participle passive present)
pragnǫvъ (active participle past)
pragny (active participle present)
pragnǫxъ (aorist first-person singular)
pragnǫ (aorist second-person singular)
pragnǫ (aorist singular third-person)
pragnǫ (first-person present singular)
pragneši (present second-person singular)
pragnetь (present singular third-person)
pragnǫxově (aorist dual first-person)
pragnǫsta (aorist dual second-person)
pragnǫste (aorist dual third-person)
pragnevě (dual first-person present)
pragneta (dual present second-person)
pragnete (dual present third-person)
pragnǫxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pragnǫste (aorist plural second-person)
pragnǫšę (aorist plural third-person)
pragnemъ (first-person plural present)
pragnete (plural present second-person)
pragnǫtь (plural present third-person)
pragněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pragněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pragněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pragni (imperative second-person singular)
pragni (imperative singular third-person)
pragněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pragněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pragněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pragněvě (dual first-person imperative)
pragněta (dual imperative second-person)
pragněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pragněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pragněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pragněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
pragněte (imperative plural second-person)

West Slavic

Czech: prahnout

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Old Polish: pragnąć
Polish: pragnąć
Silesian: pragnōńć
→ Old Ruthenian: пра́гнути (práhnuti), прꙗ́гнути (prjáhnuti)
Belarusian: пра́гнуць (práhnucʹ), пря́гнуць (prjáhnucʹ)
Ukrainian: пра́гнути (práhnuty)

Slovak: prahnúť

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: pragnąc

Slovincian: pragnõc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: prahnyć

Derived from Proto-Indo-European *preg- (“to yearn, covet”).

der+

(intransitive) to thirst (to be thirsty)