bělьmo

bělьmo (nominative singular)
bělьmě (dual nominative)
bělьma (nominative plural)
bělьma (genitive singular)
bělьmu (dual genitive)
bělьmъ (genitive plural)
bělьmu (dative singular)
bělьmoma (dative dual)
bělьmomъ (dative plural)
bělьmo (accusative singular)
bělьmě (accusative dual)
bělьma (accusative plural)
bělьmъmь (instrumental singular)
bělьmomь (instrumental singular)
bělьmoma (dual instrumental)
bělьmy (instrumental plural)
bělьmě (locative singular)
bělьmu (dual locative)
bělьměxъ (locative plural)
bělьmo (singular vocative)
bělьmě (dual vocative)
bělьma (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: бѣльмо (bělĭmo)

desc

Old Ruthenian: бѣльмо́ (bělʹmó), бѣлмо́ (bělmó)

Belarusian: бяльмо́ (bjalʹmó)

Ukrainian: більмо́ (bilʹmó)

Russian: бельмо́ (belʹmó)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: белмо́ (belmó)

Slovene: bȇlmo

West Slavic:

Old Czech: bělmo

Czech: bělmo

Slovak: beľmo, beľno (dialectal)

Old Polish: bielmo
Polish: bielmo

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: bělmo

Lower Sorbian: bělman

From *bělъ + *-ьmo, or possibly from a verb *běliti.


bělьcь

bělьcь (nominative singular)
bělьca (dual nominative)
bělьci (nominative plural)
bělьca (genitive singular)
bělьcu (dual genitive)
bělьcь (genitive plural)
bělьcu (dative singular)
bělьcema (dative dual)
bělьcemъ (dative plural)
bělьcь (accusative singular)
bělьca (accusative dual)
bělьcę̇ (accusative plural)
bělьcьmь (instrumental singular)
bělьcemь (instrumental singular)
bělьcema (dual instrumental)
bělьci (instrumental plural)
bělьci (locative singular)
bělьcu (dual locative)
bělьcixъ (locative plural)
bělьče (singular vocative)
bělьca (dual vocative)
bělьci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: белец (belec) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Macedonian: белец (belec)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бе́лац, бије́лац

Latin script: bélac, bijélac

Slovene: bȇlec

West Slavic:

Old Czech: bělec


bělъkъ

bělъkъ (nominative singular)
bělъka (dual nominative)
bělъci (nominative plural)
bělъka (genitive singular)
bělъku (dual genitive)
bělъkъ (genitive plural)
bělъku (dative singular)
bělъkoma (dative dual)
bělъkomъ (dative plural)
bělъkъ (accusative singular)
bělъka (accusative dual)
bělъky (accusative plural)
bělъkъmь (instrumental singular)
bělъkomь (instrumental singular)
bělъkoma (dual instrumental)
bělъky (instrumental plural)
bělъcě (locative singular)
bělъku (dual locative)
bělъcěxъ (locative plural)
bělъče (singular vocative)
bělъka (dual vocative)
bělъci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: бѣлотъкъ (bělotŭkŭ)

Belarusian: бяло́к (bjalók)

Russian: бело́к (belók)

Ukrainian: біло́к (bilók)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: белтъ́к (beltǎ́k)

Macedonian: белок (belok) (dialectal)

Slovene: beják (dialectal), bajak (dialectal)

West Slavic:

desctree

Old Czech: bielek, biełek (alternative writing)
Czech: bílek

Polabian: b'olăk

Old Polish: białek
Polish: białek

Slovak: bielok

Slovincian: bjêlk

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: běłk

Upper Sorbian: bělk

From *bělъ (“white”) + *-ъkъ. The Church Slavonic and Bulgarian forms reflect *běl(ъ)tъkъ, constructed in analogy with *žьltъkъ (“yolk”).


bělota

bělota (nominative singular)
bělotě (dual nominative)
běloty (nominative plural)
běloty (genitive singular)
bělotu (dual genitive)
bělotъ (genitive plural)
bělotě (dative singular)
bělotama (dative dual)
bělotamъ (dative plural)
bělotǫ (accusative singular)
bělotě (accusative dual)
běloty (accusative plural)
bělotojǫ (instrumental singular)
bělotǫ (instrumental singular)
bělotama (dual instrumental)
bělotami (instrumental plural)
bělotě (locative singular)
bělotu (dual locative)
bělotasъ (locative plural)
bělotaxъ (locative plural)
běloto (singular vocative)
bělotě (dual vocative)
běloty (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: бѣлота (bělota)

Russian: белота́ (belotá) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: белота́ (belotá)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бело̀та, бјело̀та

Latin script: belòta, bjelòta

Slovene: belóta

West Slavic:

Czech: bělota

Slovak: belota, bielota

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: běłota


bělověža

bělověža (nominative singular)
bělověži (dual nominative)
bělověžę̇ (nominative plural)
bělověžę̇ (genitive singular)
bělověžu (dual genitive)
bělověžь (genitive plural)
bělověži (dative singular)
bělověžama (dative dual)
bělověžamъ (dative plural)
bělověžǫ (accusative singular)
bělověži (accusative dual)
bělověžę̇ (accusative plural)
bělověžejǫ (instrumental singular)
bělověžǫ (instrumental singular)
bělověžama (dual instrumental)
bělověžami (instrumental plural)
bělověži (locative singular)
bělověžu (dual locative)
bělověžasъ (locative plural)
bělověžaxъ (locative plural)
bělověže (singular vocative)
bělověži (dual vocative)
bělověžę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Russian: Беловежа (Beloveža, “name of a village on the Narevka river”)

Ukrainian: Білові́ж (Bilovíž, “name of a village”)

West Slavic:

Czech: Bělověž

Polish: Białowieża (“National Park in Poland”)


bělonogъ

bělonogъ (masculine nominative singular)
bělonoga (feminine nominative singular)
bělonogo (neuter nominative singular)
bělonoga (genitive masculine singular)
bělonogy (feminine genitive singular)
bělonoga (genitive neuter singular)
bělonogu (dative masculine singular)
bělonogě (dative feminine singular)
bělonogu (dative neuter singular)
bělonogъ (accusative masculine singular)
bělonogǫ (accusative feminine singular)
bělonogo (accusative neuter singular)
bělonogomь (instrumental masculine singular)
bělonogojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
bělonogomь (instrumental neuter singular)
bělonogě (locative masculine singular)
bělonogě (feminine locative singular)
bělonogě (locative neuter singular)
bělonoge (masculine singular vocative)
bělonogo (feminine singular vocative)
bělonogo (neuter singular vocative)
bělonoga (dual masculine nominative)
bělonogě (dual feminine nominative)
bělonogě (dual neuter nominative)
bělonogu (dual genitive masculine)
bělonogu (dual feminine genitive)
bělonogu (dual genitive neuter)
bělonogoma (dative dual masculine)
bělonogama (dative dual feminine)
bělonogoma (dative dual neuter)
bělonoga (accusative dual masculine)
bělonogě (accusative dual feminine)
bělonogě (accusative dual neuter)
bělonogoma (dual instrumental masculine)
bělonogama (dual feminine instrumental)
bělonogoma (dual instrumental neuter)
bělonogu (dual locative masculine)
bělonogu (dual feminine locative)
bělonogu (dual locative neuter)
bělonoga (dual masculine vocative)
bělonogě (dual feminine vocative)
bělonogě (dual neuter vocative)
bělonogi (masculine nominative plural)
bělonogy (feminine nominative plural)
bělonoga (neuter nominative plural)
bělonogъ (genitive masculine plural)
bělonogъ (feminine genitive plural)
bělonogъ (genitive neuter plural)
bělonogomъ (dative masculine plural)
bělonogamъ (dative feminine plural)
bělonogomъ (dative neuter plural)
bělonogy (accusative masculine plural)
bělonogy (accusative feminine plural)
bělonoga (accusative neuter plural)
bělonogy (instrumental masculine plural)
bělonogami (feminine instrumental plural)
bělonogy (instrumental neuter plural)
bělonogěxъ (locative masculine plural)
bělonogaxъ (feminine locative plural)
bělonogěxъ (locative neuter plural)
bělonogi (masculine plural vocative)
bělonogy (feminine plural vocative)
bělonoga (neuter plural vocative)
bělonogъjь (masculine nominative singular)
bělonogaja (feminine nominative singular)
bělonogoje (neuter nominative singular)
bělonogajego (genitive masculine singular)
bělonogyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
bělonogajego (genitive neuter singular)
bělonogujemu (dative masculine singular)
bělonogěji (dative feminine singular)
bělonogujemu (dative neuter singular)
bělonogъjь (accusative masculine singular)
bělonogǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
bělonogoje (accusative neuter singular)
bělonogyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
bělonogǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
bělonogyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
bělonogějemь (locative masculine singular)
bělonogěji (feminine locative singular)
bělonogějemь (locative neuter singular)
bělonogъjь (masculine singular vocative)
bělonogaja (feminine singular vocative)
bělonogoje (neuter singular vocative)
bělonogaja (dual masculine nominative)
bělonogěji (dual feminine nominative)
bělonogěji (dual neuter nominative)
bělonoguju (dual genitive masculine)
bělonoguju (dual feminine genitive)
bělonoguju (dual genitive neuter)
bělonogyjima (dative dual masculine)
bělonogyjima (dative dual feminine)
bělonogyjima (dative dual neuter)
bělonogaja (accusative dual masculine)
bělonogěji (accusative dual feminine)
bělonogěji (accusative dual neuter)
bělonogyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
bělonogyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
bělonogyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
bělonoguju (dual locative masculine)
bělonoguju (dual feminine locative)
bělonoguju (dual locative neuter)
bělonogaja (dual masculine vocative)
bělonogěji (dual feminine vocative)
bělonogěji (dual neuter vocative)
bělonogiji (masculine nominative plural)
bělonogyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
bělonogaja (neuter nominative plural)
bělonogъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
bělonogъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
bělonogъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
bělonogyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
bělonogyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
bělonogyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
bělonogyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
bělonogyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
bělonogaja (accusative neuter plural)
bělonogyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
bělonogyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
bělonogyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
bělonogyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
bělonogyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
bělonogyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
bělonogiji (masculine plural vocative)
bělonogyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
bělonogaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: белано́гі (bjelanóhi)

Russian: белоно́гий (belonógij)

Ukrainian: білоно́гий (bilonóhyj)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: белоно́г (belonóg)

Macedonian: белоног (belonog)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бело̀ног, бјело̀ног

Latin script: belònog, bjelònog

Slovene: belonòg

West Slavic:

Czech: bělonohý

Polish: białonogi

Slovak: bielonohý

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: běłonohi


věďa

věďa (nominative singular)
věďi (dual nominative)
věďę̇ (nominative plural)
věďę̇ (genitive singular)
věďu (dual genitive)
věďь (genitive plural)
věďi (dative singular)
věďama (dative dual)
věďamъ (dative plural)
věďǫ (accusative singular)
věďi (accusative dual)
věďę̇ (accusative plural)
věďejǫ (instrumental singular)
věďǫ (instrumental singular)
věďama (dual instrumental)
věďami (instrumental plural)
věďi (locative singular)
věďu (dual locative)
věďasъ (locative plural)
věďaxъ (locative plural)
věďe (singular vocative)
věďi (dual vocative)
věďę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вѣжа (věža)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: вѣжда (věžda)

→ Russian: ве́жда (véžda)

Bulgarian: ве́жда (véžda), вя́жда (vjážda) (dialectal)

Macedonian: веѓа (veǵa)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ве̏ђа, вје̏ђа

Latin script: vȅđa, vjȅđa

According to Miklošič, related to *viděti (“to see”), presumably reflecting an earlier *waiˀdjāˀ.
More recent proposals view it as a back-formation of an earlier *wēˀk-dāˀi, the dual of a *-da derivative of synonym *věko. Based on the alternating dual forms вѣдѣ (vědě) : вѣжди (věždi). The reanalysis as a ja-stem is explained with the palatalization of velar + dental consonant clusters before front vowels.


věďa

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вѣжа (věža)

Russian: ве́жа (véža)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: wiédzô (“knowledge”)

Polish: wiedza (“knowledge”)

Silesian: wiedza (“knowledge”)


stublь

stublь (nominative singular)
stubli (dual nominative)
stublьje (nominative plural)
stubli (genitive singular)
stublьju (dual genitive)
stublьjь (genitive plural)
stubli (dative singular)
stublьma (dative dual)
stublьmъ (dative plural)
stublь (accusative singular)
stubli (accusative dual)
stubli (accusative plural)
stublьmь (instrumental singular)
stublьma (dual instrumental)
stublьmi (instrumental plural)
stubli (locative singular)
stublьju (dual locative)
stublьxъ (locative plural)
stubli (singular vocative)
stubli (dual vocative)
stublьje (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: стубль (stublĭ, “spring”) (Serbian)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: сту́бло (stúblo)

Russian: Стубель (Stubelʹ)

Ukrainian: сту́бла (stúbla, “mire”), Сту́бла (Stúbla)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: сту́бел (stúbel, “spring with holed log used for watering”), сту́бла (stúbla)

⇒ Bulgarian: стублица (stublica, “trough”)

Serbo-Croatian: stubao, stubal

⇒ Serbo-Croatian: стублина (“log, hollowed log”)

Slovene: stúblo

West Slavic:

Old Czech: stbel (“spring, well”)

Czech: zbel

⇒ Czech: zbelik

Cognate with
Proto-Germanic *stubbaz (> Old Norse stubbr m (“trunk?/stump of tree”)), *stubbô (> Old Norse stubbi (“stump”), Middle High German stubbe (“stump”)),
Ancient Greek στύπος (stúpos), στύφω (stúphō).


peťera

peťera (nominative singular)
peťerě (dual nominative)
peťery (nominative plural)
peťery (genitive singular)
peťeru (dual genitive)
peťerъ (genitive plural)
peťerě (dative singular)
peťerama (dative dual)
peťeramъ (dative plural)
peťerǫ (accusative singular)
peťerě (accusative dual)
peťery (accusative plural)
peťerojǫ (instrumental singular)
peťerǫ (instrumental singular)
peťerama (dual instrumental)
peťerami (instrumental plural)
peťerě (locative singular)
peťeru (dual locative)
peťerasъ (locative plural)
peťeraxъ (locative plural)
peťero (singular vocative)
peťerě (dual vocative)
peťery (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: печера (pečera)

Belarusian: пячо́ра (pjačóra)

→ Polish: pieczara (possibly)

→ Kashubian: pieczara (proscribed)

Russian: печо́ра (pečóra)

⇒ Russian: печу́рка (pečúrka)

Ukrainian: пече́ра (pečéra)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: пещера (peštera)

Bulgarian: пещера́ (pešterá)

→ Russian: пеще́ра (peščéra)

Macedonian: пештера (peštera)

Serbo-Croatian: — (пѐћина)

West Slavic

Kashubian: piecara

→ Aromanian: pishtireauã

→ Romanian: peșteră

From *peťь (“oven”) + *-era, from *peťi (“to bake”) + *-tь.
Probably unrelated to Latin specus (“cave”)


roďьstvo

roďьstvo (nominative singular)
roďьstvě (dual nominative)
roďьstva (nominative plural)
roďьstva (genitive singular)
roďьstvu (dual genitive)
roďьstvъ (genitive plural)
roďьstvu (dative singular)
roďьstvoma (dative dual)
roďьstvomъ (dative plural)
roďьstvo (accusative singular)
roďьstvě (accusative dual)
roďьstva (accusative plural)
roďьstvъmь (instrumental singular)
roďьstvomь (instrumental singular)
roďьstvoma (dual instrumental)
roďьstvy (instrumental plural)
roďьstvě (locative singular)
roďьstvu (dual locative)
roďьstvěxъ (locative plural)
roďьstvo (singular vocative)
roďьstvě (dual vocative)
roďьstva (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: рожьство (rožĭstvo), рожество (rožestvo)

Old Ruthenian: рожество́ (rožestvó), рожство́ (rožstvó), розство́ (rozstvó), розтво́ (roztvó), роство́ (rostvó)

Belarusian: раство́ (rastvó), ражаство́ (ražastvó), рожество́ (rožjestvó), роздво́ (rozdvó), ражство́ (ražstvó), рождво́ (roždvó)

Carpathian Rusyn: ріство́ (ristvó)

Ukrainian: різдво́ (rizdvó), Різдво́ (Rizdvó)

Russian: рожство́ (rožstvó), рожество́ (rožestvó) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: рождьство (roždĭstvo), розьство (rozĭstvo)

Glagolitic script: ⱃⱁⰶⰴⱐⱄⱅⰲⱁ (roždĭstvo), ⱃⱁⰸⱐⱄⱅⰲⱁ (rozĭstvo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: родство

Latin script: rodstvo

Slovene: rizdvo

Christmas (festival celebrating the birth of Jesus)


voržьda

voržьda (nominative singular)
voržьdě (dual nominative)
voržьdy (nominative plural)
voržьdy (genitive singular)
voržьdu (dual genitive)
voržьdъ (genitive plural)
voržьdě (dative singular)
voržьdama (dative dual)
voržьdamъ (dative plural)
voržьdǫ (accusative singular)
voržьdě (accusative dual)
voržьdy (accusative plural)
voržьdojǫ (instrumental singular)
voržьdǫ (instrumental singular)
voržьdama (dual instrumental)
voržьdami (instrumental plural)
voržьdě (locative singular)
voržьdu (dual locative)
voržьdasъ (locative plural)
voržьdaxъ (locative plural)
voržьdo (singular vocative)
voržьdě (dual vocative)
voržьdy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: ворожда́ (voroždá) (poetic)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: вражьда (vražĭda)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⱃⰰⰶⱐⰴⰰ (vražĭda)

Bulgarian: вражда́ (vraždá)

→ Russian: вражда́ (vraždá)

Macedonian: вражба (vražba)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: вра̀жда

Latin script: vràžda

Slovene:

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vražda

Czech: vražda

Bohemian (Chod dialect): vražba

Old Polish: wróżda

Polish: wróżda

Old Slovak: vražda

Slovak: vražda

From *vorgъ + *-ьda, an alternative form of *-ьba.


sъborъ

sъborъ (nominative singular)
sъbora (dual nominative)
sъbori (nominative plural)
sъbora (genitive singular)
sъboru (dual genitive)
sъborъ (genitive plural)
sъboru (dative singular)
sъboroma (dative dual)
sъboromъ (dative plural)
sъborъ (accusative singular)
sъbora (accusative dual)
sъbory (accusative plural)
sъborъmь (instrumental singular)
sъboromь (instrumental singular)
sъboroma (dual instrumental)
sъbory (instrumental plural)
sъborě (locative singular)
sъboru (dual locative)
sъborěxъ (locative plural)
sъbore (singular vocative)
sъbora (dual vocative)
sъbori (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: съборъ (sŭborŭ)

Belarusian: збор (zbor)

Russian: сбор (sbor)

Ukrainian: збір (zbir)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: съборъ (sŭborŭ)

→ Bulgarian: събор (sǎbor)

→ Belarusian: сабо́р (sabór)

→ Macedonian: собор (sobor)

Serbo-Croatian:

→ Cyrillic: са́бор

→ Latin: sábor

→ Russian: собо́р (sobór)

→ Polish: sobór

→ Ukrainian: собо́р (sobór)

Bulgarian: сбор (sbor)

Macedonian: збор (zbor)

→ Aromanian: zbor

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: збо̏р

Latin script: zbȍr

Slovene: zbȍr (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: sbor

Polish: zbór

Slovak: zbor

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: zbor

Upper Sorbian:


bьrava

bьrava (nominative singular)
bьravě (dual nominative)
bьravy (nominative plural)
bьravy (genitive singular)
bьravu (dual genitive)
bьravъ (genitive plural)
bьravě (dative singular)
bьravama (dative dual)
bьravamъ (dative plural)
bьravǫ (accusative singular)
bьravě (accusative dual)
bьravy (accusative plural)
bьravojǫ (instrumental singular)
bьravǫ (instrumental singular)
bьravama (dual instrumental)
bьravami (instrumental plural)
bьravě (locative singular)
bьravu (dual locative)
bьravasъ (locative plural)
bьravaxъ (locative plural)
bьravo (singular vocative)
bьravě (dual vocative)
bьravy (plural vocative)

East Slavic: —

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Bulgarian: брава (brava)

Macedonian: брава (brava)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бра̀ва

Latin script: bràva

West Slavic: —

→ Albanian: bravë

→ Greek: μπράβα (bráva) (dialectal)

→ Turkish: perava (dialectal)

From *bьrati (“to take, to collect”) + *-va or *bor- (“assembly”) + *-va. The exact etymology is unknown since the etymon is attested relatively lately and only in South Slavic. The Balkan Turkish loanword perava nonetheless points towards *bьrava.

latch, fastener, locking mechanism (of an old-time gate)


bьranь

bьranь (nominative singular)
bьrani (dual nominative)
bьrani (nominative plural)
bьrani (genitive singular)
bьranьju (dual genitive)
bьraňu (dual genitive)
bьranьjь (genitive plural)
bьrani (genitive plural)
bьrani (dative singular)
bьranьma (dative dual)
bьranьmъ (dative plural)
bьranь (accusative singular)
bьrani (accusative dual)
bьrani (accusative plural)
bьranьjǫ (instrumental singular)
bьraňǫ (instrumental singular)
bьranьma (dual instrumental)
bьranьmi (instrumental plural)
bьrani (locative singular)
bьranьju (dual locative)
bьraňu (dual locative)
bьranьxъ (locative plural)
bьrani (singular vocative)
bьrani (dual vocative)
bьrani (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: брань (branʹ, “embroidery”)

Ukrainian: брань (branʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бран (bran)

Slovene: brȃnja (“fold”)

West Slavic: –

Formed as a nomen actionis from *bьrati (“to pick up”) + *-nь, ultimately from proto-Indo-European *bʰer-. The formation is an archaism. It serves as the basis of the normal deverbative action noun *bьranьje, obtained by extending *bьranь + *-je.
Not to be confused with the forms of *bornь (“battle, resistance”) > брань (branĭ, “fight, scuffle, front, wave”) spread throughout South and East Slavic in later times from Old Church Slavonic.


grěvъ

grěvъ (nominative singular)
grěva (dual nominative)
grěvi (nominative plural)
grěva (genitive singular)
grěvu (dual genitive)
grěvъ (genitive plural)
grěvu (dative singular)
grěvoma (dative dual)
grěvomъ (dative plural)
grěvъ (accusative singular)
grěva (accusative dual)
grěvy (accusative plural)
grěvъmь (instrumental singular)
grěvomь (instrumental singular)
grěvoma (dual instrumental)
grěvy (instrumental plural)
grěvě (locative singular)
grěvu (dual locative)
grěvěxъ (locative plural)
grěve (singular vocative)
grěva (dual vocative)
grěvi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: -грев (-grev)

Russian: нагрев (nagrev)

Russian: обогрев (obogrev)

Russian: подогрев (podogrev)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Bulgarian: изгрев (izgrev), огрев (ogrev)

Macedonian: огрев (ogrev)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̏грев

Latin script: ȍgrev

West Slavic: —

From *grěti (“to heat, to shine”) + *-vъ. The etymon is not directly attested; however, it has survived as a lemma in several derivative nouns.

warming; stretching, warm-up; warming; warm-up

grěvъka*podъgrěvъka ()*sъgrěvъka ()*zagrěvъka ()


-vъ

-vъ (masculine nominative singular)
-va (feminine nominative singular)
-vo (neuter nominative singular)
-va (genitive masculine singular)
-vy (feminine genitive singular)
-va (genitive neuter singular)
-vu (dative masculine singular)
-vě (dative feminine singular)
-vu (dative neuter singular)
-vъ (accusative masculine singular)
-vǫ (accusative feminine singular)
-vo (accusative neuter singular)
-vomь (instrumental masculine singular)
-vojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
-vomь (instrumental neuter singular)
-vě (locative masculine singular)
-vě (feminine locative singular)
-vě (locative neuter singular)
-ve (masculine singular vocative)
-vo (feminine singular vocative)
-vo (neuter singular vocative)
-va (dual masculine nominative)
-vě (dual feminine nominative)
-vě (dual neuter nominative)
-vu (dual genitive masculine)
-vu (dual feminine genitive)
-vu (dual genitive neuter)
-voma (dative dual masculine)
-vama (dative dual feminine)
-voma (dative dual neuter)
-va (accusative dual masculine)
-vě (accusative dual feminine)
-vě (accusative dual neuter)
-voma (dual instrumental masculine)
-vama (dual feminine instrumental)
-voma (dual instrumental neuter)
-vu (dual locative masculine)
-vu (dual feminine locative)
-vu (dual locative neuter)
-va (dual masculine vocative)
-vě (dual feminine vocative)
-vě (dual neuter vocative)
-vi (masculine nominative plural)
-vy (feminine nominative plural)
-va (neuter nominative plural)
-vъ (genitive masculine plural)
-vъ (feminine genitive plural)
-vъ (genitive neuter plural)
-vomъ (dative masculine plural)
-vamъ (dative feminine plural)
-vomъ (dative neuter plural)
-vy (accusative masculine plural)
-vy (accusative feminine plural)
-va (accusative neuter plural)
-vy (instrumental masculine plural)
-vami (feminine instrumental plural)
-vy (instrumental neuter plural)
-věxъ (locative masculine plural)
-vaxъ (feminine locative plural)
-věxъ (locative neuter plural)
-vi (masculine plural vocative)
-vy (feminine plural vocative)
-va (neuter plural vocative)
-vъjь (masculine nominative singular)
-vaja (feminine nominative singular)
-voje (neuter nominative singular)
-vajego (genitive masculine singular)
-vyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
-vajego (genitive neuter singular)
-vujemu (dative masculine singular)
-věji (dative feminine singular)
-vujemu (dative neuter singular)
-vъjь (accusative masculine singular)
-vǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
-voje (accusative neuter singular)
-vyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
-vǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
-vyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
-vějemь (locative masculine singular)
-věji (feminine locative singular)
-vějemь (locative neuter singular)
-vъjь (masculine singular vocative)
-vaja (feminine singular vocative)
-voje (neuter singular vocative)
-vaja (dual masculine nominative)
-věji (dual feminine nominative)
-věji (dual neuter nominative)
-vuju (dual genitive masculine)
-vuju (dual feminine genitive)
-vuju (dual genitive neuter)
-vyjima (dative dual masculine)
-vyjima (dative dual feminine)
-vyjima (dative dual neuter)
-vaja (accusative dual masculine)
-věji (accusative dual feminine)
-věji (accusative dual neuter)
-vyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
-vyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
-vyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
-vuju (dual locative masculine)
-vuju (dual feminine locative)
-vuju (dual locative neuter)
-vaja (dual masculine vocative)
-věji (dual feminine vocative)
-věji (dual neuter vocative)
-viji (masculine nominative plural)
-vyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
-vaja (neuter nominative plural)
-vъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
-vъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
-vъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
-vyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
-vyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
-vyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
-vyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
-vyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
-vaja (accusative neuter plural)
-vyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
-vyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
-vyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
-vyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
-vyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
-vyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
-viji (masculine plural vocative)
-vyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
-vaja (neuter plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-was, from Proto-Indo-European *-wós, one of the suffixes from the so-called Caland system. As with other simple suffixes, *-vъ could be agglutinated to other morphemes forming compound suffixes like *-avъ (e.g. *glupavъ ← *glupъ), *-ivъ (e.g. *adušivъ ← *aduxa), *-ovъ (e.g. *surovъ ← *syrъ).

novъ (“new”)

terzvъ (“sober”)

pьrvъ (“first”)

sъdorvъ (“healthy”)

From thematic declension of u-stem proto-adjectives, without independent base

lajati (“to lurk, to ambush”) → *lěvъ (“left”)

perti (“to propel, to beat”) → *pravъ (“straight, right”)

merti (“to deprive, to die”) → *mьrtvъ (“dead”)

krojiti (“to fashion, to cut”) → *krivъ (“curved”)

sijati (“to shine, to shimmer”) → *sivъ (“gray”)

stojati (“to stand”) → *stojěvъ (“who used to be situated, stood”)

attributive adjective
attributive adjective#English

Deverbal, forming attributive adjectives

Appended to stems in *-ъ, yielding *-ovъ (see there for examples)

Appended to stems in *-a, yielding *-avъ (see there for examples)

Appended to stems in *-ь, yielding *-ivъ (see there for examples)

(Extension) Denominal or deadjectival, forming possessive, pertaining or more expressive versions of the original adjective


-vъ

-vъ (nominative singular)
-va (dual nominative)
-vi (nominative plural)
-va (genitive singular)
-vu (dual genitive)
-vъ (genitive plural)
-vu (dative singular)
-voma (dative dual)
-vomъ (dative plural)
-vъ (accusative singular)
-va (accusative dual)
-vy (accusative plural)
-vъmь (instrumental singular)
-vomь (instrumental singular)
-voma (dual instrumental)
-vy (instrumental plural)
-vě (locative singular)
-vu (dual locative)
-věxъ (locative plural)
-ve (singular vocative)
-va (dual vocative)
-vi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: -въ (-vŭ)

Belarusian: -в (-v)

Russian: -в (-v), -вый (-vyj)

Ukrainian: -в (-v), -вий (-vyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: -въ (-vŭ)

Glagolitic: -ⰲⱏ (-vŭ)

Bulgarian: -в (-v)

Macedonian: -в (-v)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -в

Latin script: -v

Slovene: -v

West Slavic:

Czech: -ví

Polish: -wy

Slovak: -v

grěti (“to heat, to shine”) → *grěvъ (“warming, shining”)

pěti (“to sing”) → *pěvъ (“couplet, refrain (of a song)”)

zijati (“to gape”) → *zěvъ (“gullet, pharynx”)

po (“on”) + *kryti (“to hide, to cover”) → *pokryvъ (“roof, ceiling”)

ryti (“to dig”) → *ryvъ (“burst”)

Deverbal, forming "factive" action nouns from imperfect verbs

glijati (“to mix clay and water”) → *glěvъ (“slime”)

gňiti (“to gnaw”) → *gněvъ (“anger”)

possibly *merti (“to die”) → *morvъ (“ant”) (former i-stem)

verti (“to turn, to curve”) → *vьrvь (“rope”) (i-stem)

dьržati (“to hold”) → *dьržava (“state”) (ā-stem)

piti (“to drink”) → *pivo (“beverage”)

Deverbal, forming abstract or collective nouns from verbs

From abstract nouns in *-st-, forms abstract neutral nouns. Equivalent to *-ьstvo (see there for examples)

From causative verbs in *-iti, forms resultant or instrumental neutral nouns. Equivalent to *-ivo (see there for examples)


-vъ

-vъ (masculine nominative singular)
-vъši (feminine nominative singular)
-vъ (neuter nominative singular)
-vъša (genitive masculine singular)
-vъšę̇ (feminine genitive singular)
-vъša (genitive neuter singular)
-vъšu (dative masculine singular)
-vъši (dative feminine singular)
-vъšu (dative neuter singular)
-vъšь (accusative masculine singular)
-vъšǫ (accusative feminine singular)
-vъ (accusative neuter singular)
-vъšemь (instrumental masculine singular)
-vъšejǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
-vъšemь (instrumental neuter singular)
-vъši (locative masculine singular)
-vъši (feminine locative singular)
-vъši (locative neuter singular)
-vъšu (masculine singular vocative)
-vъše (feminine singular vocative)
-vъše (neuter singular vocative)
-vъša (dual masculine nominative)
-vъši (dual feminine nominative)
-vъši (dual neuter nominative)
-vъšu (dual genitive masculine)
-vъšu (dual feminine genitive)
-vъšu (dual genitive neuter)
-vъšema (dative dual masculine)
-vъšama (dative dual feminine)
-vъšema (dative dual neuter)
-vъša (accusative dual masculine)
-vъši (accusative dual feminine)
-vъši (accusative dual neuter)
-vъšema (dual instrumental masculine)
-vъšama (dual feminine instrumental)
-vъšema (dual instrumental neuter)
-vъšu (dual locative masculine)
-vъšu (dual feminine locative)
-vъšu (dual locative neuter)
-vъša (dual masculine vocative)
-vъši (dual feminine vocative)
-vъši (dual neuter vocative)
-vъše (masculine nominative plural)
-vъšę̇ (feminine nominative plural)
-vъša (neuter nominative plural)
-vъšь (genitive masculine plural)
-vъšь (feminine genitive plural)
-vъšь (genitive neuter plural)
-vъšemъ (dative masculine plural)
-vъšamъ (dative feminine plural)
-vъšemъ (dative neuter plural)
-vъšę̇ (accusative masculine plural)
-vъšę̇ (accusative feminine plural)
-vъša (accusative neuter plural)
-vъši (instrumental masculine plural)
-vъšami (feminine instrumental plural)
-vъši (instrumental neuter plural)
-vъšixъ (locative masculine plural)
-vъšaxъ (feminine locative plural)
-vъšixъ (locative neuter plural)
-vъši (masculine plural vocative)
-vъšę̇ (feminine plural vocative)
-vъša (neuter plural vocative)
-vъšьjь (masculine nominative singular)
-vъšija (feminine nominative singular)
-vъšeje (neuter nominative singular)
-vъšajego (genitive masculine singular)
-vъšę̇ję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
-vъšajego (genitive neuter singular)
-vъšujemu (dative masculine singular)
-vъšiji (dative feminine singular)
-vъšujemu (dative neuter singular)
-vъšьjь (accusative masculine singular)
-vъšǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
-vъšeje (accusative neuter singular)
-vъšijimь (instrumental masculine singular)
-vъšǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
-vъšijimь (instrumental neuter singular)
-vъšijemь (locative masculine singular)
-vъšiji (feminine locative singular)
-vъšijemь (locative neuter singular)
-vъšьjь (masculine singular vocative)
-vъšaja (feminine singular vocative)
-vъšeje (neuter singular vocative)
-vъšaja (dual masculine nominative)
-vъšiji (dual feminine nominative)
-vъšiji (dual neuter nominative)
-vъšuju (dual genitive masculine)
-vъšuju (dual feminine genitive)
-vъšuju (dual genitive neuter)
-vъšijima (dative dual masculine)
-vъšijima (dative dual feminine)
-vъšijima (dative dual neuter)
-vъšaja (accusative dual masculine)
-vъšiji (accusative dual feminine)
-vъšiji (accusative dual neuter)
-vъšijima (dual instrumental masculine)
-vъšijima (dual feminine instrumental)
-vъšijima (dual instrumental neuter)
-vъšuju (dual locative masculine)
-vъšuju (dual feminine locative)
-vъšuju (dual locative neuter)
-vъšaja (dual masculine vocative)
-vъšiji (dual feminine vocative)
-vъšiji (dual neuter vocative)
-vъšeji (masculine nominative plural)
-vъšę̇ję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
-vъšaja (neuter nominative plural)
-vъšьjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
-vъšьjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
-vъšьjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
-vъšijimъ (dative masculine plural)
-vъšijimъ (dative feminine plural)
-vъšijimъ (dative neuter plural)
-vъšę̇ję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
-vъšę̇ję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
-vъšaja (accusative neuter plural)
-vъšijimi (instrumental masculine plural)
-vъšijimi (feminine instrumental plural)
-vъšijimi (instrumental neuter plural)
-vъšijixъ (locative masculine plural)
-vъšijixъ (feminine locative plural)
-vъšijixъ (locative neuter plural)
-vъšiji (masculine plural vocative)
-vъšę̇ję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
-vъšaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: -въ (-vŭ)

Belarusian: -ўшы (-ŭšy)

Russian: -в (-v), -вши (-vši), -вший (-všij)

Ukrainian: -вши (-všy), -вший (-všyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: -въ (-vŭ)

Bulgarian: -вш (-vš)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -вши

Latin script: -vši

Slovene: -vši

West Slavic:

Czech: -vší

Old Polish: -w

Polish: -wszy, -łszy

Slovak: -vši

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-wōs. Cognate with Lithuanian -us (Etymology 4).

inh+

byti (“to be”) → *byvъ (“having been”)

past active participle
past active participle#English

Deverbal, forming past active participles


buřa

bùřa (canonical)
bùřā (canonical feminine)
bùřa (nominative singular)
bùři (dual nominative)
bùřę̇ (nominative plural)
bùřę̇ (genitive singular)
bùřu (dual genitive)
bùřь (genitive plural)
bùřī (dative singular)
bùřama (dative dual)
bùřāmъ (dative plural)
bùřǫ (accusative singular)
bùři (accusative dual)
bùřę̇ (accusative plural)
bùřējǫ (instrumental singular)
bùřǭ (instrumental singular)
bùřama (dual instrumental)
bùřāmī (instrumental plural)
bùřī (locative singular)
bùřu (dual locative)
bùřāsъ (locative plural)
bùře (singular vocative)
bùři (dual vocative)
bùřę̇ (plural vocative)
bùřā (nominative singular)
bùři (dual nominative)
bùřę̇ (nominative plural)
bùřę̇ (genitive singular)
bùřu (dual genitive)
bùřь (genitive plural)
bùřī (dative singular)
bùřama (dative dual)
bùřāmъ (dative plural)
bùřǫ (accusative singular)
bùři (accusative dual)
bùřę̇ (accusative plural)
bùřējǫ (instrumental singular)
bùřǭ (instrumental singular)
bùřama (dual instrumental)
bùřāmī (instrumental plural)
bùřī (locative singular)
bùřu (dual locative)
bùřāsъ (locative plural)
bùře (singular vocative)
bùři (dual vocative)
bùřę̇ (plural vocative)
*bura (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: бу́рꙗ (búrja)

Belarusian: бу́ра (búra)

Russian: бу́ря (búrja)

Ukrainian: бу́ря (búrja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: бу́рꙗ (búrja)

Bulgarian: бу́ря (búrja), бу́ра (búra) (dialectal)

Macedonian: бу́ра (búra)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бу̏ра

Latin script: bȕra

Slovene: búrja

West Slavic:

Old Czech: búřě

Czech: bouře

Polish: burza

Old Slovak: búra

Pannonian Rusyn: буря (burja)

Slovak: búra; bura

⇒ Slovak: búrka

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *baurjā. Cognates include Latvian baũr̨uôt, Latin furō, Old Norse byrr, Sanskrit भुरति (bhurati).
If Van Wijk's law holds, the ja-endings were lengthened to ā, except for for the endings for Gsg., Asg., and NApl., which were nasal vowels at the time of Van Wijk's law.


svati

svàti (canonical feminine)
*svatьja (alternative)
svati (nominative singular)
svaťi (dual nominative)
svaťę̇ (nominative plural)
svaťę̇ (genitive singular)
svaťu (dual genitive)
svaťь (genitive plural)
svaťi (dative singular)
svaťama (dative dual)
svaťamъ (dative plural)
svaťǫ (accusative singular)
svaťi (accusative dual)
svaťę̇ (accusative plural)
svaťejǫ (instrumental singular)
svaťǫ (instrumental singular)
svaťama (dual instrumental)
svaťami (instrumental plural)
svaťi (locative singular)
svaťu (dual locative)
svaťasъ (locative plural)
svaťaxъ (locative plural)
svaťe (singular vocative)
svaťi (dual vocative)
svaťę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: сва́тья (svátʹja) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: сва́тя (svátja)

Macedonian: сваќа (svaḱa)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сва̏ћа

Latin script: svȁtja

PIE word
 *swé
*svatъ (“father of one of the newlyweds'”) + *-i

affix

feminine of *svatъ: mother of one of the newlyweds

svaxa

honorable female relative (aunt or mother) of newlyweds


stьklo

stьklo (nominative singular)
stьklě (dual nominative)
stьkla (nominative plural)
stьkla (genitive singular)
stьklu (dual genitive)
stьklъ (genitive plural)
stьklu (dative singular)
stьkloma (dative dual)
stьklomъ (dative plural)
stьklo (accusative singular)
stьklě (accusative dual)
stьkla (accusative plural)
stьklъmь (instrumental singular)
stьklomь (instrumental singular)
stьkloma (dual instrumental)
stьkly (instrumental plural)
stьklě (locative singular)
stьklu (dual locative)
stьklěxъ (locative plural)
stьklo (singular vocative)
stьklě (dual vocative)
stьkla (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: стькло (stĭklo)
Old Ruthenian: скло (sklo)
Ukrainian: скло (sklo)
Russian: стекло́ (stekló), скло (sklo) — dialectal (with paradigm leveling)
→ Even: стекло (steklo)
→ Kildin Sami: сте̄клэ (stiekle)
→ Yakut: өстүөкүлэ (östüöküle)
→ Yup'ik: estikluuq
→ Latvian: stikls

South Slavic:

desc

⇒ Old Church Slavonic: стьклѣница (stĭklěnica)

Bulgarian: стъкло́ (stǎkló), цкло (cklo)

Macedonian: стакло (staklo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ста̀кло, скло̏, цкло̏

Latin script: stàklo, sklȍ, cklȍ

Slovene: stéklo (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: stklo

Czech: sklo

Kashubian: skło, sckło

Old Polish: śćkło, śkło

Polish: szkło

→ Old Ruthenian: шкло (šklo)

Belarusian: шкло (šklo)

Ukrainian: шкло (šklo)

Slovak: sklo

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: škla

Upper Sorbian: škla

→ Lithuanian: stiklas

→ Latvian: stikls

→? Old Prussian: sticlo (perhaps directly from Gothic)

→ Romanian: sticlă (via some Slavic language)

Borrowed from Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌺𐌻𐍃 (stikls). The original meaning was goblet, chalice which eventually shifted towards the material from which they were made. For a similar semantic development, compare Turkish cam (“glass”) < Persian جام (jâm, “cup”).


šipъ

šipъ (nominative singular)
šipa (dual nominative)
šipi (nominative plural)
šipa (genitive singular)
šipu (dual genitive)
šipъ (genitive plural)
šipu (dative singular)
šipoma (dative dual)
šipomъ (dative plural)
šipъ (accusative singular)
šipa (accusative dual)
šipy (accusative plural)
šipъmь (instrumental singular)
šipomь (instrumental singular)
šipoma (dual instrumental)
šipy (instrumental plural)
šipě (locative singular)
šipu (dual locative)
šipěxъ (locative plural)
šipe (singular vocative)
šipa (dual vocative)
šipi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: шып (šyp)

Russian: шип (šip)

Ukrainian: шип (šyp)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: шип (šip)

Serbo-Croatian: ши̑п / šȋp

West Slavic:

Old Czech: šíp

Czech: šíp

Old Polish: szyp

Polish: szyp

Slovak: šíp

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: šip

Lower Sorbian: šуp

Non-Slavic:

Romanian: șip

Uncertain. Equivalent to *šiti (“to sew”) + *-pъ, hence, a possible derivative of Proto-Indo-European *syuh₁- (“to sew”). Alternatively, related to Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšwipáti (“to cast off, to fling”) and Proto-Germanic *swaipaną (“to sweep”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ksweybʰ-.

cog

→ needle


orzьnъ

õrzьnъ (canonical)
õrzьnъ (masculine nominative singular)
õrzьna (feminine nominative singular)
õrzьno (neuter nominative singular)
õrzьna (genitive masculine singular)
õrzьny (feminine genitive singular)
õrzьna (genitive neuter singular)
õrzьnu (dative masculine singular)
õrzьně (dative feminine singular)
õrzьnu (dative neuter singular)
õrzьnъ (accusative masculine singular)
õrzьnǫ (accusative feminine singular)
õrzьno (accusative neuter singular)
õrzьnomь (instrumental masculine singular)
õrzьnojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
õrzьnomь (instrumental neuter singular)
õrzьně (locative masculine singular)
õrzьně (feminine locative singular)
õrzьně (locative neuter singular)
õrzьne (masculine singular vocative)
õrzьno (feminine singular vocative)
õrzьno (neuter singular vocative)
õrzьna (dual masculine nominative)
õrzьně (dual feminine nominative)
õrzьně (dual neuter nominative)
õrzьnu (dual genitive masculine)
õrzьnu (dual feminine genitive)
õrzьnu (dual genitive neuter)
õrzьnoma (dative dual masculine)
õrzьnama (dative dual feminine)
õrzьnoma (dative dual neuter)
õrzьna (accusative dual masculine)
õrzьně (accusative dual feminine)
õrzьně (accusative dual neuter)
õrzьnoma (dual instrumental masculine)
õrzьnama (dual feminine instrumental)
õrzьnoma (dual instrumental neuter)
õrzьnu (dual locative masculine)
õrzьnu (dual feminine locative)
õrzьnu (dual locative neuter)
õrzьna (dual masculine vocative)
õrzьně (dual feminine vocative)
õrzьně (dual neuter vocative)
õrzьni (masculine nominative plural)
õrzьny (feminine nominative plural)
õrzьna (neuter nominative plural)
õrzьnъ (genitive masculine plural)
õrzьnъ (feminine genitive plural)
õrzьnъ (genitive neuter plural)
õrzьnomъ (dative masculine plural)
õrzьnamъ (dative feminine plural)
õrzьnomъ (dative neuter plural)
õrzьny (accusative masculine plural)
õrzьny (accusative feminine plural)
õrzьna (accusative neuter plural)
õrzьny (instrumental masculine plural)
õrzьnami (feminine instrumental plural)
õrzьny (instrumental neuter plural)
õrzьněxъ (locative masculine plural)
õrzьnaxъ (feminine locative plural)
õrzьněxъ (locative neuter plural)
õrzьni (masculine plural vocative)
õrzьny (feminine plural vocative)
õrzьna (neuter plural vocative)
õrzьnъjь (masculine nominative singular)
õrzьnaja (feminine nominative singular)
õrzьnoje (neuter nominative singular)
õrzьnajego (genitive masculine singular)
õrzьnyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
õrzьnajego (genitive neuter singular)
õrzьnujemu (dative masculine singular)
õrzьněji (dative feminine singular)
õrzьnujemu (dative neuter singular)
õrzьnъjь (accusative masculine singular)
õrzьnǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
õrzьnoje (accusative neuter singular)
õrzьnyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
õrzьnǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
õrzьnyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
õrzьnějemь (locative masculine singular)
õrzьněji (feminine locative singular)
õrzьnějemь (locative neuter singular)
õrzьnъjь (masculine singular vocative)
õrzьnaja (feminine singular vocative)
õrzьnoje (neuter singular vocative)
õrzьnaja (dual masculine nominative)
õrzьněji (dual feminine nominative)
õrzьněji (dual neuter nominative)
õrzьnuju (dual genitive masculine)
õrzьnuju (dual feminine genitive)
õrzьnuju (dual genitive neuter)
õrzьnyjima (dative dual masculine)
õrzьnyjima (dative dual feminine)
õrzьnyjima (dative dual neuter)
õrzьnaja (accusative dual masculine)
õrzьněji (accusative dual feminine)
õrzьněji (accusative dual neuter)
õrzьnyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
õrzьnyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
õrzьnyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
õrzьnuju (dual locative masculine)
õrzьnuju (dual feminine locative)
õrzьnuju (dual locative neuter)
õrzьnaja (dual masculine vocative)
õrzьněji (dual feminine vocative)
õrzьněji (dual neuter vocative)
õrzьniji (masculine nominative plural)
õrzьnyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
õrzьnaja (neuter nominative plural)
õrzьnъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
õrzьnъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
õrzьnъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
õrzьnyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
õrzьnyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
õrzьnyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
õrzьnyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
õrzьnyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
õrzьnaja (accusative neuter plural)
õrzьnyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
õrzьnyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
õrzьnyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
õrzьnyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
õrzьnyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
õrzьnyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
õrzьniji (masculine plural vocative)
õrzьnyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
õrzьnaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: розьнъ (rozĭnŭ)

Belarusian: ро́зны (rózny)

Russian: ро́зный (róznyj) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: рі́зний (ríznyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: разьнъ (razĭnŭ)

Bulgarian: разен (razen)

→ Russian: ра́зный (ráznyj)

Macedonian: разен (razen)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ра̑знӣ

Latin script: rȃznī

Slovene: rázən (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: rózný
Czech: různý

desctree

Old Polish: rózdny, rózny
Polish: różny, rózny, rózdny (Middle Polish)
Silesian: rōżny

Pannonian Rusyn: рижни (rižni)

Slovak: rôzny


skǫpъ

skǫ̃pъ (canonical)
skǫpъ (masculine nominative singular)
skǫpa (feminine nominative singular)
skǫpo (neuter nominative singular)
skǫpa (genitive masculine singular)
skǫpy (feminine genitive singular)
skǫpa (genitive neuter singular)
skǫpu (dative masculine singular)
skǫpě (dative feminine singular)
skǫpu (dative neuter singular)
skǫpъ (accusative masculine singular)
skǫpǫ (accusative feminine singular)
skǫpo (accusative neuter singular)
skǫpomь (instrumental masculine singular)
skǫpojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
skǫpomь (instrumental neuter singular)
skǫpě (locative masculine singular)
skǫpě (feminine locative singular)
skǫpě (locative neuter singular)
skǫpe (masculine singular vocative)
skǫpo (feminine singular vocative)
skǫpo (neuter singular vocative)
skǫpa (dual masculine nominative)
skǫpě (dual feminine nominative)
skǫpě (dual neuter nominative)
skǫpu (dual genitive masculine)
skǫpu (dual feminine genitive)
skǫpu (dual genitive neuter)
skǫpoma (dative dual masculine)
skǫpama (dative dual feminine)
skǫpoma (dative dual neuter)
skǫpa (accusative dual masculine)
skǫpě (accusative dual feminine)
skǫpě (accusative dual neuter)
skǫpoma (dual instrumental masculine)
skǫpama (dual feminine instrumental)
skǫpoma (dual instrumental neuter)
skǫpu (dual locative masculine)
skǫpu (dual feminine locative)
skǫpu (dual locative neuter)
skǫpa (dual masculine vocative)
skǫpě (dual feminine vocative)
skǫpě (dual neuter vocative)
skǫpi (masculine nominative plural)
skǫpy (feminine nominative plural)
skǫpa (neuter nominative plural)
skǫpъ (genitive masculine plural)
skǫpъ (feminine genitive plural)
skǫpъ (genitive neuter plural)
skǫpomъ (dative masculine plural)
skǫpamъ (dative feminine plural)
skǫpomъ (dative neuter plural)
skǫpy (accusative masculine plural)
skǫpy (accusative feminine plural)
skǫpa (accusative neuter plural)
skǫpy (instrumental masculine plural)
skǫpami (feminine instrumental plural)
skǫpy (instrumental neuter plural)
skǫpěxъ (locative masculine plural)
skǫpaxъ (feminine locative plural)
skǫpěxъ (locative neuter plural)
skǫpi (masculine plural vocative)
skǫpy (feminine plural vocative)
skǫpa (neuter plural vocative)
skǫpъjь (masculine nominative singular)
skǫpaja (feminine nominative singular)
skǫpoje (neuter nominative singular)
skǫpajego (genitive masculine singular)
skǫpyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
skǫpajego (genitive neuter singular)
skǫpujemu (dative masculine singular)
skǫpěji (dative feminine singular)
skǫpujemu (dative neuter singular)
skǫpъjь (accusative masculine singular)
skǫpǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
skǫpoje (accusative neuter singular)
skǫpyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
skǫpǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
skǫpyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
skǫpějemь (locative masculine singular)
skǫpěji (feminine locative singular)
skǫpějemь (locative neuter singular)
skǫpъjь (masculine singular vocative)
skǫpaja (feminine singular vocative)
skǫpoje (neuter singular vocative)
skǫpaja (dual masculine nominative)
skǫpěji (dual feminine nominative)
skǫpěji (dual neuter nominative)
skǫpuju (dual genitive masculine)
skǫpuju (dual feminine genitive)
skǫpuju (dual genitive neuter)
skǫpyjima (dative dual masculine)
skǫpyjima (dative dual feminine)
skǫpyjima (dative dual neuter)
skǫpaja (accusative dual masculine)
skǫpěji (accusative dual feminine)
skǫpěji (accusative dual neuter)
skǫpyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
skǫpyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
skǫpyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
skǫpuju (dual locative masculine)
skǫpuju (dual feminine locative)
skǫpuju (dual locative neuter)
skǫpaja (dual masculine vocative)
skǫpěji (dual feminine vocative)
skǫpěji (dual neuter vocative)
skǫpiji (masculine nominative plural)
skǫpyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
skǫpaja (neuter nominative plural)
skǫpъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
skǫpъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
skǫpъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
skǫpyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
skǫpyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
skǫpyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
skǫpyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
skǫpyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
skǫpaja (accusative neuter plural)
skǫpyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
skǫpyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
skǫpyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
skǫpyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
skǫpyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
skǫpyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
skǫpiji (masculine plural vocative)
skǫpyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
skǫpaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: скупъ (skupŭ)

Belarusian: скупы́ (skupý)

Russian: скупо́й (skupój)

desc

→ Bulgarian: скуп m (skup, “cheapstake”) (dated, poetic)

Ukrainian: скупи́й (skupýj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: скѫпъ (skǫpŭ)

→ Aromanian: scumpu

→ Romanian: scump

Bulgarian: скъп (skǎp), скъмп (skǎmp) (dialectal)

Macedonian: скап (skap)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ску̑п

Latin script: skȗp

Slovene: skôp

West Slavic:

Czech: skoupý

Polabian: skǫpĕ (“Friday”)

Polish: skąpy

Slovak: skúpy

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian:

Unclear:
* Brückner (favoured by Vasmer, Snoj): From the root of *ščeměti (“to pinch, to ache; to yearn”), *skomiti (“to ache”) + *-pъ.
* Mladenov: Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to cut”) + *-ǫpъ (mp-stem), analogous to Proto-Slavic *krǫpъ (“stocky, bulky”) from synonymous *(s)ker- (“to cut”).
Per Loewenthal, may be akin to Proto-Slavic *šępa (“handful”) (whence Bulgarian ше́па (šépa)), Old Church Slavonic охѫпити (oxǫpiti, “to seize, to grasp”).

cog

expensive, valuable, overpriced (for a merchandise)


pьšenica

pьšenìca (canonical feminine)
pьšenìca (nominative singular)
pьšenìci (dual nominative)
pьšenìcę̇ (nominative plural)
pьšenìcę̇ (genitive singular)
pьšenìcu (dual genitive)
pьšenìcь (genitive plural)
pьšenìcī (dative singular)
pьšenìcama (dative dual)
pьšenìcāmъ (dative plural)
pьšenìcǫ (accusative singular)
pьšenìci (accusative dual)
pьšenìcę̇ (accusative plural)
pьšenìcējǫ (instrumental singular)
pьšenìcǭ (instrumental singular)
pьšenìcama (dual instrumental)
pьšenìcāmī (instrumental plural)
pьšenìcī (locative singular)
pьšenìcu (dual locative)
pьšenìcāsъ (locative plural)
pьšenìce (singular vocative)
pьšenìci (dual vocative)
pьšenìcę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: пьшеница (pĭšenica)
Belarusian: пшані́ца (pšaníca)
Russian: пшени́ца (pšeníca)
Ukrainian: пшени́ця (pšenýcja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

desc

Old Cyrillic script: пьшеница (pĭšenica)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⱐⱎⰵⱀⰻⱌⰰ (pĭšenica)

Bulgarian: пшени́ца (pšeníca)

Macedonian: пченица (pčenica)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пшѐница

Latin script: pšenica

Slovene: pšeníca (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: pšenicě
Czech: pšenice

Polabian: pasinaićă

Polish: pszenica

Kashubian: pszénica

Slovak: pšenica

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: pšeńca

Lower Sorbian: pšenica


sǫmorkъ

sǫmorkъ (nominative singular)
sǫmorka (dual nominative)
sǫmorci (nominative plural)
sǫmorka (genitive singular)
sǫmorku (dual genitive)
sǫmorkъ (genitive plural)
sǫmorku (dative singular)
sǫmorkoma (dative dual)
sǫmorkomъ (dative plural)
sǫmorkъ (accusative singular)
sǫmorka (accusative dual)
sǫmorky (accusative plural)
sǫmorkъmь (instrumental singular)
sǫmorkomь (instrumental singular)
sǫmorkoma (dual instrumental)
sǫmorky (instrumental plural)
sǫmorcě (locative singular)
sǫmorku (dual locative)
sǫmorcěxъ (locative plural)
sǫmorče (singular vocative)
sǫmorka (dual vocative)
sǫmorci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: суморокъ (sumorokŭ)

Russian: су́мерки (súmerki) (with vocalism change)

Ukrainian: су́морок (súmorok)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: сѫмракъ (sǫmrakŭ)

Bulgarian: су́мрак (súmrak)

→ Russian: су́мрак (súmrak)

Macedonian: самрак (samrak)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: су̏мра̄к

Latin script: sȕmrāk

Slovene: somrak

West Slavic:

Old Czech: súmrak

Czech: soumrak

Kashubian: smrok

Polish: zmrok

→ Belarusian: змрок (zmrok)

Slovak: súmrak

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian:


prǫdъ

prǫ̃dъ (canonical masculine)
prǫ̃dъ (nominative singular)
prǭdà (dual nominative)
prǭdì (nominative plural)
prǭdà (genitive singular)
prǭdù (dual genitive)
prǫ̃dъ (genitive plural)
prǭdù (dative singular)
prǭdòma (dative dual)
prǭdòmъ (dative plural)
prǫ̃dъ (accusative singular)
prǭdà (accusative dual)
prǭdỳ (accusative plural)
prǭdъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
prǭdòmь (instrumental singular)
prǭdòma (dual instrumental)
prǫ̃dy (instrumental plural)
prǭdě̀ (locative singular)
prǭdù (dual locative)
prǫ̃děxъ (locative plural)
prǫde (singular vocative)
prǭdà (dual vocative)
prǭdì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: прѫдъ (prǫdŭ), прудъ (prudŭ)

Old Ruthenian: прудъ (prud)

Belarusian: пруд (prud) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: пруд (prud)

Russian: пруд (prud)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: пръд (prǎd); прунд (prund) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пру̑д

Latin script: prȗd

Slovene: pród

West Slavic:

Kashubian: prąd

Old Czech: prúd

Czech: proud

desctree

Old Polish: prąd
Polish: prąd
Silesian: prōnd

Slovak: prúd

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: prud

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: porond

→ Romanian: prund

Deverbal from *pręsti (“to spin”). Continues Proto-Balto-Slavic *(s)pranˀdas, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)prend- (“to spin, to swift”).


bagati

baganьje (noun-from-verb)
bagati (infinitive)
bagatъ (supine)
bagalъ (l-participle)
baganъ (participle passive past)
bagajemъ (participle passive present)
bagavъ (active participle past)
bagaję (active participle present)
bagaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
baga (aorist second-person singular)
baga (aorist singular third-person)
bagajǫ (first-person present singular)
bagaješi (present second-person singular)
bagajetь (present singular third-person)
bagaxově (aorist dual first-person)
bagasta (aorist dual second-person)
bagaste (aorist dual third-person)
bagajevě (dual first-person present)
bagajeta (dual present second-person)
bagajete (dual present third-person)
bagaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bagaste (aorist plural second-person)
bagašę (aorist plural third-person)
bagajemъ (first-person plural present)
bagajete (plural present second-person)
bagajǫtь (plural present third-person)
bagaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bagaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bagaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bagaji (imperative second-person singular)
bagaji (imperative singular third-person)
bagaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bagaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bagaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bagajivě (dual first-person imperative)
bagajita (dual imperative second-person)
bagaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bagaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bagaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bagajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bagajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: багати (bagati)

desc

⇒ Ukrainian: забага́ти (zabaháty), забага́нка (zabahánka)

South Slavic: –

West Slavic:

Czech:

Polish: zabagać

Slovak: bahať

Per Trubachyev, the most likely etymology is from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bōˀgā́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéh₃g-eh₂-ti, from *bʰeh₃g- (“to bake”). Cognate with Ancient Greek φώγω (phṓgō, “to roast”) and Proto-Germanic *bakaną (“to bake”).
A relation with Sanskrit भजति (bhájati, “to distribute”) and Slavic forms like *bogatъ (“rich”), *bogъ (“God”) (all from *bʰeh₂g-) is less likely.


bagrъ

bagrъ (masculine nominative singular)
bagra (feminine nominative singular)
bagro (neuter nominative singular)
bagra (genitive masculine singular)
bagry (feminine genitive singular)
bagra (genitive neuter singular)
bagru (dative masculine singular)
bagrě (dative feminine singular)
bagru (dative neuter singular)
bagrъ (accusative masculine singular)
bagrǫ (accusative feminine singular)
bagro (accusative neuter singular)
bagromь (instrumental masculine singular)
bagrojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
bagromь (instrumental neuter singular)
bagrě (locative masculine singular)
bagrě (feminine locative singular)
bagrě (locative neuter singular)
bagre (masculine singular vocative)
bagro (feminine singular vocative)
bagro (neuter singular vocative)
bagra (dual masculine nominative)
bagrě (dual feminine nominative)
bagrě (dual neuter nominative)
bagru (dual genitive masculine)
bagru (dual feminine genitive)
bagru (dual genitive neuter)
bagroma (dative dual masculine)
bagrama (dative dual feminine)
bagroma (dative dual neuter)
bagra (accusative dual masculine)
bagrě (accusative dual feminine)
bagrě (accusative dual neuter)
bagroma (dual instrumental masculine)
bagrama (dual feminine instrumental)
bagroma (dual instrumental neuter)
bagru (dual locative masculine)
bagru (dual feminine locative)
bagru (dual locative neuter)
bagra (dual masculine vocative)
bagrě (dual feminine vocative)
bagrě (dual neuter vocative)
bagri (masculine nominative plural)
bagry (feminine nominative plural)
bagra (neuter nominative plural)
bagrъ (genitive masculine plural)
bagrъ (feminine genitive plural)
bagrъ (genitive neuter plural)
bagromъ (dative masculine plural)
bagramъ (dative feminine plural)
bagromъ (dative neuter plural)
bagry (accusative masculine plural)
bagry (accusative feminine plural)
bagra (accusative neuter plural)
bagry (instrumental masculine plural)
bagrami (feminine instrumental plural)
bagry (instrumental neuter plural)
bagrěxъ (locative masculine plural)
bagraxъ (feminine locative plural)
bagrěxъ (locative neuter plural)
bagri (masculine plural vocative)
bagry (feminine plural vocative)
bagra (neuter plural vocative)
bagrъjь (masculine nominative singular)
bagraja (feminine nominative singular)
bagroje (neuter nominative singular)
bagrajego (genitive masculine singular)
bagryję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
bagrajego (genitive neuter singular)
bagrujemu (dative masculine singular)
bagrěji (dative feminine singular)
bagrujemu (dative neuter singular)
bagrъjь (accusative masculine singular)
bagrǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
bagroje (accusative neuter singular)
bagryjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
bagrǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
bagryjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
bagrějemь (locative masculine singular)
bagrěji (feminine locative singular)
bagrějemь (locative neuter singular)
bagrъjь (masculine singular vocative)
bagraja (feminine singular vocative)
bagroje (neuter singular vocative)
bagraja (dual masculine nominative)
bagrěji (dual feminine nominative)
bagrěji (dual neuter nominative)
bagruju (dual genitive masculine)
bagruju (dual feminine genitive)
bagruju (dual genitive neuter)
bagryjima (dative dual masculine)
bagryjima (dative dual feminine)
bagryjima (dative dual neuter)
bagraja (accusative dual masculine)
bagrěji (accusative dual feminine)
bagrěji (accusative dual neuter)
bagryjima (dual instrumental masculine)
bagryjima (dual feminine instrumental)
bagryjima (dual instrumental neuter)
bagruju (dual locative masculine)
bagruju (dual feminine locative)
bagruju (dual locative neuter)
bagraja (dual masculine vocative)
bagrěji (dual feminine vocative)
bagrěji (dual neuter vocative)
bagriji (masculine nominative plural)
bagryję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
bagraja (neuter nominative plural)
bagrъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
bagrъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
bagrъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
bagryjimъ (dative masculine plural)
bagryjimъ (dative feminine plural)
bagryjimъ (dative neuter plural)
bagryję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
bagryję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
bagraja (accusative neuter plural)
bagryjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
bagryjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
bagryjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
bagryjixъ (locative masculine plural)
bagryjixъ (feminine locative plural)
bagryjixъ (locative neuter plural)
bagriji (masculine plural vocative)
bagryję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
bagraja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: багри́й (bahrýj) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ба́гър (bágǎr)

Most likely from *bag- (attested in *bagati (“to ignite fire”)) + *-rъ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₃g-.
Karl Heinrich Menges proposed borrowing from some Turkic language, ultimately from Proto-Turkic *bakïr (“copper”).


bagrъ

bãgrъ (canonical masculine)
*bagra (alternative)
bãgrъ (nominative singular)
bāgrà (dual nominative)
bāgrì (nominative plural)
bāgrà (genitive singular)
bāgrù (dual genitive)
bãgrъ (genitive plural)
bāgrù (dative singular)
bāgròma (dative dual)
bāgròmъ (dative plural)
bãgrъ (accusative singular)
bāgrà (accusative dual)
bāgrỳ (accusative plural)
bāgrъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
bāgròmь (instrumental singular)
bāgròma (dual instrumental)
bãgry (instrumental plural)
bāgrě̀ (locative singular)
bāgrù (dual locative)
bãgrěxъ (locative plural)
bagre (singular vocative)
bāgrà (dual vocative)
bāgrì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: багръ (bagrŭ, “purple; purple robe, fabric”), багъръ (bagŭrŭ), багоръ (bagorŭ)

Russian: ба́гор (bágor, “purple; purple paint; Coccus”); баго́р (bagór) (obsolete), ба́гр (bágr) (archaic)

⇒ Russian: багря́ный (bagrjányj)

⇒ Carpathian Rusyn: ба́грий (báhryj)

Ukrainian: ба́гор (báhor, “purple”)

⇒ Ukrainian: багряний (bahrjanyj, “crimson red”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: багъръ (bagŭrŭ, “purple”)

Glagolitic script: ⰱⰰⰳⱏⱃⱏ (bagŭrŭ, “purple”)

Bulgarian: ба́гър (bágǎr, “warm hue”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ба̏гар (“purple; purple robe, fabric; scarlet”)

Latin script: bȁgar (“purple; purple robe, fabric; scarlet”)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: báger (“purple; scarlet”) (tonal orthography)

Nominalization of *bagrъ (see Etymology 1).


bagrъ

*bagro (alternative)
bagrъ (nominative singular)
bagra (dual nominative)
bagri (nominative plural)
bagra (genitive singular)
bagru (dual genitive)
bagrъ (genitive plural)
bagru (dative singular)
bagroma (dative dual)
bagromъ (dative plural)
bagrъ (accusative singular)
bagra (accusative dual)
bagry (accusative plural)
bagrъmь (instrumental singular)
bagromь (instrumental singular)
bagroma (dual instrumental)
bagry (instrumental plural)
bagrě (locative singular)
bagru (dual locative)
bagrěxъ (locative plural)
bagre (singular vocative)
bagra (dual vocative)
bagri (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: баго́р (bagór)

desc

Ukrainian: баго́р (bahór), ба́гор (báhor); ба́гр (báhr) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Slovak: bahor

Derived from Proto-Indo-European *bʰāǵʰ- (“to bend”), compare *bʰāǵʰus (“arm”).


stremę

stremę (nominative singular)
stremeni (dual nominative)
stremena (nominative plural)
stremene (genitive singular)
stremenu (dual genitive)
stremenъ (genitive plural)
stremeni (dative singular)
stremenьma (dative dual)
stremenьmъ (dative plural)
stremę (accusative singular)
stremeni (accusative dual)
stremena (accusative plural)
stremenьmь (instrumental singular)
stremenьma (dual instrumental)
stremeny (instrumental plural)
stremene (locative singular)
stremenu (dual locative)
stremenьxъ (locative plural)
stremę (singular vocative)
stremeni (dual vocative)
stremena (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: стремень (stremenĭ), стръмень (strŭmenĭ)

Belarusian: стрэ́мя (strémja)

Russian: стре́мя (strémja)

Ukrainian: стреме́но (streméno), стремено́ (stremenó) (with paradigm leveling)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: стре́ме (stréme)

Macedonian: стремен (stremen) (with gender change)

Serbo-Croatian: (with gender change)

Cyrillic: стре̏ме̄н, стр̏ме̑н

Latin: strȅmēn, stȑmēn

Slovene: stréme

West Slavic:

Old Czech: střmen, třmen, střemen, třemen (with gender change)

Czech: třmen, třemen

Polish: strzemię

Slovak: strmeň (with gender change)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: tśmjeń (with gender change)

Upper Sorbian: třmjeń (with gender change)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *strebʰ-men, from *strebʰ- (“to twist”). Ancient Greek στρέφω (stréphō).


milъ

mìlъ (canonical)
milъ (masculine nominative singular)
mila (feminine nominative singular)
milo (neuter nominative singular)
mila (genitive masculine singular)
mily (feminine genitive singular)
mila (genitive neuter singular)
milu (dative masculine singular)
milě (dative feminine singular)
milu (dative neuter singular)
milъ (accusative masculine singular)
milǫ (accusative feminine singular)
milo (accusative neuter singular)
milomь (instrumental masculine singular)
milojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
milomь (instrumental neuter singular)
milě (locative masculine singular)
milě (feminine locative singular)
milě (locative neuter singular)
mile (masculine singular vocative)
milo (feminine singular vocative)
milo (neuter singular vocative)
mila (dual masculine nominative)
milě (dual feminine nominative)
milě (dual neuter nominative)
milu (dual genitive masculine)
milu (dual feminine genitive)
milu (dual genitive neuter)
miloma (dative dual masculine)
milama (dative dual feminine)
miloma (dative dual neuter)
mila (accusative dual masculine)
milě (accusative dual feminine)
milě (accusative dual neuter)
miloma (dual instrumental masculine)
milama (dual feminine instrumental)
miloma (dual instrumental neuter)
milu (dual locative masculine)
milu (dual feminine locative)
milu (dual locative neuter)
mila (dual masculine vocative)
milě (dual feminine vocative)
milě (dual neuter vocative)
mili (masculine nominative plural)
mily (feminine nominative plural)
mila (neuter nominative plural)
milъ (genitive masculine plural)
milъ (feminine genitive plural)
milъ (genitive neuter plural)
milomъ (dative masculine plural)
milamъ (dative feminine plural)
milomъ (dative neuter plural)
mily (accusative masculine plural)
mily (accusative feminine plural)
mila (accusative neuter plural)
mily (instrumental masculine plural)
milami (feminine instrumental plural)
mily (instrumental neuter plural)
milěxъ (locative masculine plural)
milaxъ (feminine locative plural)
milěxъ (locative neuter plural)
mili (masculine plural vocative)
mily (feminine plural vocative)
mila (neuter plural vocative)
milъjь (masculine nominative singular)
milaja (feminine nominative singular)
miloje (neuter nominative singular)
milajego (genitive masculine singular)
milyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
milajego (genitive neuter singular)
milujemu (dative masculine singular)
milěji (dative feminine singular)
milujemu (dative neuter singular)
milъjь (accusative masculine singular)
milǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
miloje (accusative neuter singular)
milyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
milǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
milyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
milějemь (locative masculine singular)
milěji (feminine locative singular)
milějemь (locative neuter singular)
milъjь (masculine singular vocative)
milaja (feminine singular vocative)
miloje (neuter singular vocative)
milaja (dual masculine nominative)
milěji (dual feminine nominative)
milěji (dual neuter nominative)
miluju (dual genitive masculine)
miluju (dual feminine genitive)
miluju (dual genitive neuter)
milyjima (dative dual masculine)
milyjima (dative dual feminine)
milyjima (dative dual neuter)
milaja (accusative dual masculine)
milěji (accusative dual feminine)
milěji (accusative dual neuter)
milyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
milyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
milyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
miluju (dual locative masculine)
miluju (dual feminine locative)
miluju (dual locative neuter)
milaja (dual masculine vocative)
milěji (dual feminine vocative)
milěji (dual neuter vocative)
miliji (masculine nominative plural)
milyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
milaja (neuter nominative plural)
milъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
milъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
milъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
milyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
milyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
milyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
milyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
milyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
milaja (accusative neuter plural)
milyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
milyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
milyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
milyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
milyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
milyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
miliji (masculine plural vocative)
milyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
milaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: милъ (milŭ)

Belarusian: мі́лы (míly)

Russian: ми́лый (mílyj)

Carpathian Rusyn: милый (mylŷj)

Ukrainian: ми́лий (mýlyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: милъ (milŭ)

Bulgarian: мил (mil)

Macedonian: мил (mil)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ми̏о

Latin script: mȉo

Slovene: mȋl (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: milý

Czech: milý

Moravian (Mistřice): miu̯í

Kashubian: miłi

Old Polish: miły

Polish: miły

Silesian: miyły

Slovak: milý

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: miły

Lower Sorbian: miły

→ Romanian: milă

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *meilas, from Proto-Indo-European *m(e)iH-lo-s, from Proto-Indo-European *meyh₁- (“mild, soft”). Cognate with Lithuanian mi̇́elas (“nice, sweet, cute”), Latvian mīļš, mīls (“dear, cherished, beloved”) (dialectal), Old Prussian mijls (“dear”), Latin mītis (“mild, mellow”), Greek μείλιον (meílion, “pleasant gift”); see the Latin for more.

cog

dear, kind, nice, gentle, mild, soft, pleasant, polite


slěpъ

slě̑pъ (canonical)
slěpъ (masculine nominative singular)
slěpa (feminine nominative singular)
slěpo (neuter nominative singular)
slěpa (genitive masculine singular)
slěpy (feminine genitive singular)
slěpa (genitive neuter singular)
slěpu (dative masculine singular)
slěpě (dative feminine singular)
slěpu (dative neuter singular)
slěpъ (accusative masculine singular)
slěpǫ (accusative feminine singular)
slěpo (accusative neuter singular)
slěpomь (instrumental masculine singular)
slěpojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
slěpomь (instrumental neuter singular)
slěpě (locative masculine singular)
slěpě (feminine locative singular)
slěpě (locative neuter singular)
slěpe (masculine singular vocative)
slěpo (feminine singular vocative)
slěpo (neuter singular vocative)
slěpa (dual masculine nominative)
slěpě (dual feminine nominative)
slěpě (dual neuter nominative)
slěpu (dual genitive masculine)
slěpu (dual feminine genitive)
slěpu (dual genitive neuter)
slěpoma (dative dual masculine)
slěpama (dative dual feminine)
slěpoma (dative dual neuter)
slěpa (accusative dual masculine)
slěpě (accusative dual feminine)
slěpě (accusative dual neuter)
slěpoma (dual instrumental masculine)
slěpama (dual feminine instrumental)
slěpoma (dual instrumental neuter)
slěpu (dual locative masculine)
slěpu (dual feminine locative)
slěpu (dual locative neuter)
slěpa (dual masculine vocative)
slěpě (dual feminine vocative)
slěpě (dual neuter vocative)
slěpi (masculine nominative plural)
slěpy (feminine nominative plural)
slěpa (neuter nominative plural)
slěpъ (genitive masculine plural)
slěpъ (feminine genitive plural)
slěpъ (genitive neuter plural)
slěpomъ (dative masculine plural)
slěpamъ (dative feminine plural)
slěpomъ (dative neuter plural)
slěpy (accusative masculine plural)
slěpy (accusative feminine plural)
slěpa (accusative neuter plural)
slěpy (instrumental masculine plural)
slěpami (feminine instrumental plural)
slěpy (instrumental neuter plural)
slěpěxъ (locative masculine plural)
slěpaxъ (feminine locative plural)
slěpěxъ (locative neuter plural)
slěpi (masculine plural vocative)
slěpy (feminine plural vocative)
slěpa (neuter plural vocative)
slěpъjь (masculine nominative singular)
slěpaja (feminine nominative singular)
slěpoje (neuter nominative singular)
slěpajego (genitive masculine singular)
slěpyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
slěpajego (genitive neuter singular)
slěpujemu (dative masculine singular)
slěpěji (dative feminine singular)
slěpujemu (dative neuter singular)
slěpъjь (accusative masculine singular)
slěpǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
slěpoje (accusative neuter singular)
slěpyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
slěpǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
slěpyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
slěpějemь (locative masculine singular)
slěpěji (feminine locative singular)
slěpějemь (locative neuter singular)
slěpъjь (masculine singular vocative)
slěpaja (feminine singular vocative)
slěpoje (neuter singular vocative)
slěpaja (dual masculine nominative)
slěpěji (dual feminine nominative)
slěpěji (dual neuter nominative)
slěpuju (dual genitive masculine)
slěpuju (dual feminine genitive)
slěpuju (dual genitive neuter)
slěpyjima (dative dual masculine)
slěpyjima (dative dual feminine)
slěpyjima (dative dual neuter)
slěpaja (accusative dual masculine)
slěpěji (accusative dual feminine)
slěpěji (accusative dual neuter)
slěpyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
slěpyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
slěpyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
slěpuju (dual locative masculine)
slěpuju (dual feminine locative)
slěpuju (dual locative neuter)
slěpaja (dual masculine vocative)
slěpěji (dual feminine vocative)
slěpěji (dual neuter vocative)
slěpiji (masculine nominative plural)
slěpyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
slěpaja (neuter nominative plural)
slěpъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
slěpъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
slěpъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
slěpyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
slěpyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
slěpyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
slěpyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
slěpyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
slěpaja (accusative neuter plural)
slěpyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
slěpyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
slěpyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
slěpyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
slěpyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
slěpyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
slěpiji (masculine plural vocative)
slěpyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
slěpaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: слѣпъ (slěpŭ)

Old Ruthenian: слѣпый (slěpyj)

Belarusian: сляпы́ (sljapý)

Carpathian Rusyn: слїпый (sljipŷj)

Ukrainian: сліпи́й (slipýj)

Russian: слепо́й (slepój)

Old Novgorodian: слѣпе (slěpe)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: слѣпъ (slěpŭ)

Bulgarian: сляп (sljap)

Macedonian: слеп (slep)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сле̑п, слије̑п

Latin: slȇp, slijȇp

Slovene: slẹ̑p (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: slepý

Czech: slepý

Old Polish: ślepy

Polish: ślepy

Silesian: ślepy

Polabian: slepĕ

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: slepi

Slovak: slepý

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: slěpy

Upper Sorbian: slepy

Unclear. Traditionally compared with:
* Within Balto-Slavic: Lithuanian slė̃pti (“to shut, to hide”), Latvian slèpt (“to conceal”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱlep- (according to some interpretations, possibly also yielding Proto-Slavic *klepati (“to clap, to blink”), *klopiti (“to trap”)).
* Within PIE: Latin lippus (“purblind, myopic”), Ancient Greek λῐπᾰρός (lĭpărós, “bright, brilliant, splendid”), typically derived from unrelated *leyp- (“to smear”) (whence Proto-Slavic *lěpъ (“beautiful”)).
Snoj also tentively mentions a possible descent from Proto-Indo-European *ḱley- (“to invert, to distort”), reflected in Balto-Slavic by Lithuanian šlei̇̃vas (“splay, crooked”), dial. šlei̇̃pti (“to pervert”), etc. If right, them perhaps originally meaning “squint, cross-eyed”.
In view of the 0-grade ablaut *slь(p)nǫti, the more likely origin of radical *-ě- is pre-Slavic diphthong *-ai-, rather than long *-ē- because of PIE ablaut *-oy- (> *-ē- > *-ě-) / *-ey- (> *-i- > *-ь-)

der

oslěpěti*perslěpiti ()*zaslěpiti ()

to blind up; to deceive; to flash, to dazzle

slěpostь*slěpotati ()

blindness; to wander around, to amble blindly


skorъ

skorъ (masculine nominative singular)
skora (feminine nominative singular)
skoro (neuter nominative singular)
skora (genitive masculine singular)
skory (feminine genitive singular)
skora (genitive neuter singular)
skoru (dative masculine singular)
skorě (dative feminine singular)
skoru (dative neuter singular)
skorъ (accusative masculine singular)
skorǫ (accusative feminine singular)
skoro (accusative neuter singular)
skoromь (instrumental masculine singular)
skorojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
skoromь (instrumental neuter singular)
skorě (locative masculine singular)
skorě (feminine locative singular)
skorě (locative neuter singular)
skore (masculine singular vocative)
skoro (feminine singular vocative)
skoro (neuter singular vocative)
skora (dual masculine nominative)
skorě (dual feminine nominative)
skorě (dual neuter nominative)
skoru (dual genitive masculine)
skoru (dual feminine genitive)
skoru (dual genitive neuter)
skoroma (dative dual masculine)
skorama (dative dual feminine)
skoroma (dative dual neuter)
skora (accusative dual masculine)
skorě (accusative dual feminine)
skorě (accusative dual neuter)
skoroma (dual instrumental masculine)
skorama (dual feminine instrumental)
skoroma (dual instrumental neuter)
skoru (dual locative masculine)
skoru (dual feminine locative)
skoru (dual locative neuter)
skora (dual masculine vocative)
skorě (dual feminine vocative)
skorě (dual neuter vocative)
skori (masculine nominative plural)
skory (feminine nominative plural)
skora (neuter nominative plural)
skorъ (genitive masculine plural)
skorъ (feminine genitive plural)
skorъ (genitive neuter plural)
skoromъ (dative masculine plural)
skoramъ (dative feminine plural)
skoromъ (dative neuter plural)
skory (accusative masculine plural)
skory (accusative feminine plural)
skora (accusative neuter plural)
skory (instrumental masculine plural)
skorami (feminine instrumental plural)
skory (instrumental neuter plural)
skorěxъ (locative masculine plural)
skoraxъ (feminine locative plural)
skorěxъ (locative neuter plural)
skori (masculine plural vocative)
skory (feminine plural vocative)
skora (neuter plural vocative)
skorъjь (masculine nominative singular)
skoraja (feminine nominative singular)
skoroje (neuter nominative singular)
skorajego (genitive masculine singular)
skoryję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
skorajego (genitive neuter singular)
skorujemu (dative masculine singular)
skorěji (dative feminine singular)
skorujemu (dative neuter singular)
skorъjь (accusative masculine singular)
skorǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
skoroje (accusative neuter singular)
skoryjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
skorǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
skoryjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
skorějemь (locative masculine singular)
skorěji (feminine locative singular)
skorějemь (locative neuter singular)
skorъjь (masculine singular vocative)
skoraja (feminine singular vocative)
skoroje (neuter singular vocative)
skoraja (dual masculine nominative)
skorěji (dual feminine nominative)
skorěji (dual neuter nominative)
skoruju (dual genitive masculine)
skoruju (dual feminine genitive)
skoruju (dual genitive neuter)
skoryjima (dative dual masculine)
skoryjima (dative dual feminine)
skoryjima (dative dual neuter)
skoraja (accusative dual masculine)
skorěji (accusative dual feminine)
skorěji (accusative dual neuter)
skoryjima (dual instrumental masculine)
skoryjima (dual feminine instrumental)
skoryjima (dual instrumental neuter)
skoruju (dual locative masculine)
skoruju (dual feminine locative)
skoruju (dual locative neuter)
skoraja (dual masculine vocative)
skorěji (dual feminine vocative)
skorěji (dual neuter vocative)
skoriji (masculine nominative plural)
skoryję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
skoraja (neuter nominative plural)
skorъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
skorъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
skorъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
skoryjimъ (dative masculine plural)
skoryjimъ (dative feminine plural)
skoryjimъ (dative neuter plural)
skoryję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
skoryję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
skoraja (accusative neuter plural)
skoryjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
skoryjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
skoryjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
skoryjixъ (locative masculine plural)
skoryjixъ (feminine locative plural)
skoryjixъ (locative neuter plural)
skoriji (masculine plural vocative)
skoryję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
skoraja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: скоръ (skorŭ)

Belarusian: ско́ры (skóry)

Russian: ско́рый (skóryj)

Ukrainian: ско́рий (skóryj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: скоръ (skorŭ)

Bulgarian: ско́ро (skóro) (adverb)

Macedonian: скор (skor)

Serbo-Croatian:

unspecified script:

Latin script: skȍrī

Slovene:

West Slavic:

Czech: skorý

Polish: skory (literary)

Slovak: skorý

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: skóro (adverb)

Upper Sorbian:

Related to Lithuanian skẹrỹs (“locust”), apparently from a Proto-Indo-European *sker(d)- (“to jump, move”), though the existence of such a root has been debated; compare Ancient Greek σκαίρω (skaírō, “to frisk, frolic”), German scheren (“to scram, get away”).


sъporъ

sъporъ (nominative singular)
sъpora (dual nominative)
sъpori (nominative plural)
sъpora (genitive singular)
sъporu (dual genitive)
sъporъ (genitive plural)
sъporu (dative singular)
sъporoma (dative dual)
sъporomъ (dative plural)
sъporъ (accusative singular)
sъpora (accusative dual)
sъpory (accusative plural)
sъporъmь (instrumental singular)
sъporomь (instrumental singular)
sъporoma (dual instrumental)
sъpory (instrumental plural)
sъporě (locative singular)
sъporu (dual locative)
sъporěxъ (locative plural)
sъpore (singular vocative)
sъpora (dual vocative)
sъpori (plural vocative)
*sǫporъ (alternative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: съпоръ (sŭporŭ), супоръ (suporŭ)

⇒ Belarusian: спо́рка (spórka)

Russian: спор (spor)

Ukrainian: спір (spir)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: спор (spor)

Macedonian: спор (spor)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: спо̏р

Latin script: spȍr

Slovene: spȍr (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: spor

Polish: spór

Slovak: spor

Action noun of *sъperti, from *sъ(n) + *perti.


sъporъ

Alternative reconstruction of *sporъ (“abundant”)


sporъ

sporъ (masculine nominative singular)
spora (feminine nominative singular)
sporo (neuter nominative singular)
spora (genitive masculine singular)
spory (feminine genitive singular)
spora (genitive neuter singular)
sporu (dative masculine singular)
sporě (dative feminine singular)
sporu (dative neuter singular)
sporъ (accusative masculine singular)
sporǫ (accusative feminine singular)
sporo (accusative neuter singular)
sporomь (instrumental masculine singular)
sporojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
sporomь (instrumental neuter singular)
sporě (locative masculine singular)
sporě (feminine locative singular)
sporě (locative neuter singular)
spore (masculine singular vocative)
sporo (feminine singular vocative)
sporo (neuter singular vocative)
spora (dual masculine nominative)
sporě (dual feminine nominative)
sporě (dual neuter nominative)
sporu (dual genitive masculine)
sporu (dual feminine genitive)
sporu (dual genitive neuter)
sporoma (dative dual masculine)
sporama (dative dual feminine)
sporoma (dative dual neuter)
spora (accusative dual masculine)
sporě (accusative dual feminine)
sporě (accusative dual neuter)
sporoma (dual instrumental masculine)
sporama (dual feminine instrumental)
sporoma (dual instrumental neuter)
sporu (dual locative masculine)
sporu (dual feminine locative)
sporu (dual locative neuter)
spora (dual masculine vocative)
sporě (dual feminine vocative)
sporě (dual neuter vocative)
spori (masculine nominative plural)
spory (feminine nominative plural)
spora (neuter nominative plural)
sporъ (genitive masculine plural)
sporъ (feminine genitive plural)
sporъ (genitive neuter plural)
sporomъ (dative masculine plural)
sporamъ (dative feminine plural)
sporomъ (dative neuter plural)
spory (accusative masculine plural)
spory (accusative feminine plural)
spora (accusative neuter plural)
spory (instrumental masculine plural)
sporami (feminine instrumental plural)
spory (instrumental neuter plural)
sporěxъ (locative masculine plural)
sporaxъ (feminine locative plural)
sporěxъ (locative neuter plural)
spori (masculine plural vocative)
spory (feminine plural vocative)
spora (neuter plural vocative)
sporъjь (masculine nominative singular)
sporaja (feminine nominative singular)
sporoje (neuter nominative singular)
sporajego (genitive masculine singular)
sporyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
sporajego (genitive neuter singular)
sporujemu (dative masculine singular)
sporěji (dative feminine singular)
sporujemu (dative neuter singular)
sporъjь (accusative masculine singular)
sporǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
sporoje (accusative neuter singular)
sporyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
sporǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
sporyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
sporějemь (locative masculine singular)
sporěji (feminine locative singular)
sporějemь (locative neuter singular)
sporъjь (masculine singular vocative)
sporaja (feminine singular vocative)
sporoje (neuter singular vocative)
sporaja (dual masculine nominative)
sporěji (dual feminine nominative)
sporěji (dual neuter nominative)
sporuju (dual genitive masculine)
sporuju (dual feminine genitive)
sporuju (dual genitive neuter)
sporyjima (dative dual masculine)
sporyjima (dative dual feminine)
sporyjima (dative dual neuter)
sporaja (accusative dual masculine)
sporěji (accusative dual feminine)
sporěji (accusative dual neuter)
sporyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
sporyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
sporyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
sporuju (dual locative masculine)
sporuju (dual feminine locative)
sporuju (dual locative neuter)
sporaja (dual masculine vocative)
sporěji (dual feminine vocative)
sporěji (dual neuter vocative)
sporiji (masculine nominative plural)
sporyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
sporaja (neuter nominative plural)
sporъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
sporъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
sporъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
sporyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
sporyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
sporyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
sporyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
sporyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
sporaja (accusative neuter plural)
sporyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
sporyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
sporyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
sporyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
sporyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
sporyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
sporiji (masculine plural vocative)
sporyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
sporaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: споръ (sporŭ)

Belarusian: спо́ры (spóry)

⇒ Belarusian: спор (spor, “success”), спо́рны (spórny)

Russian: спо́рый (spóryj)

Ukrainian: спо́рий (spóryj)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: спорен (sporen) (extended with *-ьnъ)

Macedonian: спор (spor)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: спо̏р

Latin script: spȍr

Slovene: spȍr (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sporý

Czech: sporý

Polish: spory

Slovak: sporý

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: spory

Lower Sorbian: spóry

Non-Slavic:

Hungarian: szapora

Romanian: spor

Traditionally connected with Sanskrit स्फिर (sphira, “fat, abundant”), Latin prosperus, Proto-Germanic *sparaz (English spare), from Proto-Indo-European *sph₁rós, from the root *speh₁-. This, however, requires laryngeal vocalisation in the Slavic first syllable, which is not accepted by some scholars.


debnǫti

debenьje (noun-from-verb)
debnǫti (infinitive)
debnǫtъ (supine)
deblъ (l-participle)
debenъ (participle passive past)
debnomъ (participle passive present)
debъ (active participle past)
debny (active participle present)
debъ (aorist first-person singular)
deboxъ (aorist first-person singular)
debe (aorist second-person singular)
debe (aorist singular third-person)
debnǫ (first-person present singular)
debneši (present second-person singular)
debnetь (present singular third-person)
debově (aorist dual first-person)
deboxově (aorist dual first-person)
debeta (aorist dual second-person)
debosta (aorist dual second-person)
debete (aorist dual third-person)
deboste (aorist dual third-person)
debnevě (dual first-person present)
debneta (dual present second-person)
debnete (dual present third-person)
debomъ (aorist first-person plural)
deboxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
debete (aorist plural second-person)
deboste (aorist plural second-person)
debǫ (aorist plural third-person)
debošę (aorist plural third-person)
debnemъ (first-person plural present)
debnete (plural present second-person)
debnǫtь (plural present third-person)
debněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
debněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
debněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
debni (imperative second-person singular)
debni (imperative singular third-person)
debněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
debněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
debněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
debněvě (dual first-person imperative)
debněta (dual imperative second-person)
debněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
debněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
debněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
debněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
debněte (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

desc

⇒ Old Church Slavonic: *оудѣнѫти (*uděnǫti), оудѣбена (uděbena)

Bulgarian: де́бна (débna)

Macedonian: де́мне (démne), де́бне (débne) (dialectal)

From *deběti (“to pray upon in stealth”) + *-nǫti. Akin to dial. Serbo-Croatian дѐпсти (“to await for ambush”) and possibly dial. Russian дёб (djob, “edge, end”).
Probably from Proto-Indo-European *dʰebʰ- (“to deceive, to humble”), presumably cognate with Sanskrit दभ्नोति (dabhnoti, “to damage”).


bordy

bordy (nominative singular)
bordъvi (dual nominative)
bordъvi (nominative plural)
bordъve (genitive singular)
bordъvu (dual genitive)
bordъvъ (genitive plural)
bordъvi (dative singular)
bordъvьma (dative dual)
bordъvama (dative dual)
bordъvьmъ (dative plural)
bordъvamъ (dative plural)
bordъvь (accusative singular)
bordъvi (accusative dual)
bordъvi (accusative plural)
bordъvьjǫ (instrumental singular)
bordъvľǫ (instrumental singular)
bordъvьma (dual instrumental)
bordъvama (dual instrumental)
bordъvьmi (instrumental plural)
bordъvami (instrumental plural)
bordъve (locative singular)
bordъvu (dual locative)
bordъvьxъ (locative plural)
bordъvaxъ (locative plural)
bordy (singular vocative)
bordъvi (dual vocative)
bordъvi (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: брадꙑ (brady)

Glagolitic script: ⰱⱃⰰⰴⱏⰹ (brady)

Bulgarian: бра́два (brádva)

Macedonian: брадва (bradva)

Serbo-Croatian: (“adze”)

Cyrillic script: бра́два

Latin script: brádva

Possibly borrowed from Proto-Germanic *bardō or a calque to it: equivalent to *borda (“beard”) + *-y, literally “bearded (axe)”.


kaňa

kaňa (nominative singular)
kaňi (dual nominative)
kaňę̇ (nominative plural)
kaňę̇ (genitive singular)
kaňu (dual genitive)
kaňь (genitive plural)
kaňi (dative singular)
kaňama (dative dual)
kaňamъ (dative plural)
kaňǫ (accusative singular)
kaňi (accusative dual)
kaňę̇ (accusative plural)
kaňejǫ (instrumental singular)
kaňǫ (instrumental singular)
kaňama (dual instrumental)
kaňami (instrumental plural)
kaňi (locative singular)
kaňu (dual locative)
kaňasъ (locative plural)
kaňaxъ (locative plural)
kaňe (singular vocative)
kaňi (dual vocative)
kaňę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Russian: ка́ня (kánja), каню́к m (kanjúk)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ка́ня (kánja)

Slovene: kánja (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: káně

Czech: káně, káň

Moravian (Mistřice): kaňa

Polish: kania, kaniuk

Slovak: kaňa

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: kanja

Upper Sorbian: kanja

From Proto-Indo-European *keh₂n- (“to sing”)


delěti

delěvati (perfective)
*dolěti (alternative)
delěnьje (noun-from-verb)
delěti (infinitive)
delětъ (supine)
delělъ (l-participle)
delěnъ (participle passive past)
delějemъ (participle passive present)
delěvъ (active participle past)
delěję (active participle present)
delěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
delě (aorist second-person singular)
delě (aorist singular third-person)
delějǫ (first-person present singular)
delěješi (present second-person singular)
delějetь (present singular third-person)
delěxově (aorist dual first-person)
delěsta (aorist dual second-person)
delěste (aorist dual third-person)
delějevě (dual first-person present)
delějeta (dual present second-person)
delějete (dual present third-person)
delěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
delěste (aorist plural second-person)
delěšę (aorist plural third-person)
delějemъ (first-person plural present)
delějete (plural present second-person)
delějǫtь (plural present third-person)
delěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
delěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
delěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
delěji (imperative second-person singular)
delěji (imperative singular third-person)
delěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
delěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
delěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
delějivě (dual first-person imperative)
delějita (dual imperative second-person)
delěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
delěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
delěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
delějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
delějite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: делѣти (delěti)

Bulgarian: деле́я (deléja, “to prevail, to defeat”) (obsolete; now found only in derivatives)

Most likely from Proto-Indo-European *delh₁-, perhaps from its seconary meaning “to ply, to exploit” → “to finish off” → “to prevail” (compare *dьliti (“to prolong”), *dьlgъ (“long”)). Near cognate with Lithuanian délti (“to wane, to languish, to wear out”), di̇̀linti (“to use up”).
Daughter languages do not agree on the root vocalism: cf. verbal nouns Old Church Slavonic оделѣньѥ (odelěnĭje) (e-grade) : одолѣниѥ (odolěnije) (o-grade) both with the meaning “defeat”.


sьrpъ

sь̃rpъ (canonical)
sь̑rpъ (canonical masculine)
sь̃rpъ (nominative singular)
sьrpà (dual nominative)
sьrpì (nominative plural)
sьrpà (genitive singular)
sьrpù (dual genitive)
sь̃rpъ (genitive plural)
sьrpù (dative singular)
sьrpòma (dative dual)
sьrpòmъ (dative plural)
sь̃rpъ (accusative singular)
sьrpà (accusative dual)
sьrpỳ (accusative plural)
sьrpъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
sьrpòmь (instrumental singular)
sьrpòma (dual instrumental)
sь̃rpy (instrumental plural)
sьrpě̀ (locative singular)
sьrpù (dual locative)
sь̃rpěxъ (locative plural)
sьrpe (singular vocative)
sьrpà (dual vocative)
sьrpì (plural vocative)
sь̑rpъ (nominative singular)
sь̑rpa (dual nominative)
sь̑rpi (nominative plural)
sь̑rpa (genitive singular)
sьrpù (dual genitive)
sь̃rpъ (genitive plural)
sь̑rpu (dative singular)
sьrpomà (dative dual)
sьrpòmъ (dative plural)
sь̑rpъ (accusative singular)
sь̑rpa (accusative dual)
sь̑rpy (accusative plural)
sь̑rpъmь (instrumental singular)
sь̑rpomь (instrumental singular)
sьrpomà (dual instrumental)
sьrpý (instrumental plural)
sь̑rpě (locative singular)
sьrpù (dual locative)
sьrpě̃xъ (locative plural)
sьrpe (singular vocative)
sь̑rpa (dual vocative)
sь̑rpi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сьрпъ (sĭrpŭ)

Belarusian: серп (sjerp)

Russian: серп (serp)

Carpathian Rusyn: серп (serp)

Ukrainian: серп (serp)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: срьпъ (srĭpŭ)

Bulgarian: сърп (sǎrp)

Macedonian: срп (srp)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ср̑п

Latin script: sȓp

Slovene: sȓp (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: srp

Czech: srp

Polabian: sarp

Polish: sierp

Slovak: srp

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: sеrр

Upper Sorbian: serp

Non-Slavic:

→ Proto-Finnic: *cirppi (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sírpas, from Proto-Indo-European *sers-. Cognate with Latvian sirpis, sìrps; Hittite 𒊬𒉺 (šarpa-, “farming tool”), Ancient Greek ἅρπη (hárpē, “sickle; bird of prey”), Latin sarpō (“to prune a vine”), Sanskrit सृणि (sṛṇi).