kysělъ

kỳsělъ (canonical)
*kyslъ (alternative)
*kysalъ (alternative)
kysělъ (masculine nominative singular)
kysěla (feminine nominative singular)
kysělo (neuter nominative singular)
kysěla (genitive masculine singular)
kysěly (feminine genitive singular)
kysěla (genitive neuter singular)
kysělu (dative masculine singular)
kysělě (dative feminine singular)
kysělu (dative neuter singular)
kysělъ (accusative masculine singular)
kysělǫ (accusative feminine singular)
kysělo (accusative neuter singular)
kysělomь (instrumental masculine singular)
kysělojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
kysělomь (instrumental neuter singular)
kysělě (locative masculine singular)
kysělě (feminine locative singular)
kysělě (locative neuter singular)
kysěle (masculine singular vocative)
kysělo (feminine singular vocative)
kysělo (neuter singular vocative)
kysěla (dual masculine nominative)
kysělě (dual feminine nominative)
kysělě (dual neuter nominative)
kysělu (dual genitive masculine)
kysělu (dual feminine genitive)
kysělu (dual genitive neuter)
kysěloma (dative dual masculine)
kysělama (dative dual feminine)
kysěloma (dative dual neuter)
kysěla (accusative dual masculine)
kysělě (accusative dual feminine)
kysělě (accusative dual neuter)
kysěloma (dual instrumental masculine)
kysělama (dual feminine instrumental)
kysěloma (dual instrumental neuter)
kysělu (dual locative masculine)
kysělu (dual feminine locative)
kysělu (dual locative neuter)
kysěla (dual masculine vocative)
kysělě (dual feminine vocative)
kysělě (dual neuter vocative)
kysěli (masculine nominative plural)
kysěly (feminine nominative plural)
kysěla (neuter nominative plural)
kysělъ (genitive masculine plural)
kysělъ (feminine genitive plural)
kysělъ (genitive neuter plural)
kysělomъ (dative masculine plural)
kysělamъ (dative feminine plural)
kysělomъ (dative neuter plural)
kysěly (accusative masculine plural)
kysěly (accusative feminine plural)
kysěla (accusative neuter plural)
kysěly (instrumental masculine plural)
kysělami (feminine instrumental plural)
kysěly (instrumental neuter plural)
kysělěxъ (locative masculine plural)
kysělaxъ (feminine locative plural)
kysělěxъ (locative neuter plural)
kysěli (masculine plural vocative)
kysěly (feminine plural vocative)
kysěla (neuter plural vocative)
kysělъjь (masculine nominative singular)
kysělaja (feminine nominative singular)
kysěloje (neuter nominative singular)
kysělajego (genitive masculine singular)
kysělyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
kysělajego (genitive neuter singular)
kysělujemu (dative masculine singular)
kysělěji (dative feminine singular)
kysělujemu (dative neuter singular)
kysělъjь (accusative masculine singular)
kysělǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
kysěloje (accusative neuter singular)
kysělyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
kysělǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
kysělyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
kysělějemь (locative masculine singular)
kysělěji (feminine locative singular)
kysělějemь (locative neuter singular)
kysělъjь (masculine singular vocative)
kysělaja (feminine singular vocative)
kysěloje (neuter singular vocative)
kysělaja (dual masculine nominative)
kysělěji (dual feminine nominative)
kysělěji (dual neuter nominative)
kysěluju (dual genitive masculine)
kysěluju (dual feminine genitive)
kysěluju (dual genitive neuter)
kysělyjima (dative dual masculine)
kysělyjima (dative dual feminine)
kysělyjima (dative dual neuter)
kysělaja (accusative dual masculine)
kysělěji (accusative dual feminine)
kysělěji (accusative dual neuter)
kysělyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
kysělyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
kysělyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
kysěluju (dual locative masculine)
kysěluju (dual feminine locative)
kysěluju (dual locative neuter)
kysělaja (dual masculine vocative)
kysělěji (dual feminine vocative)
kysělěji (dual neuter vocative)
kysěliji (masculine nominative plural)
kysělyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
kysělaja (neuter nominative plural)
kysělъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
kysělъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
kysělъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
kysělyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
kysělyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
kysělyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
kysělyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
kysělyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
kysělaja (accusative neuter plural)
kysělyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
kysělyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
kysělyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
kysělyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
kysělyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
kysělyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
kysěliji (masculine plural vocative)
kysělyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
kysělaja (neuter plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: кꙑсѣлъ (kysělŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰽⱏⰹⱄⱑⰾⱏ (kysělŭ)

Bulgarian: ки́сел (kísel)

Macedonian: кисел (kisel)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ки̏сео

Latin script: kȉseo

q

more likely from <i class="Latn mention" lang="sla-pro">*kyslъ</i>

Slovene: kísəl (tonal orthography) (more likely from *kyslъ)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kysělý

Czech: kyselý

Old Polish: kisiały, kisały

Polish: kisiały (archaic)

Slovak: kyslý

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: kisały

Upper Sorbian: kisały

Possibly a relic l-participle of *kysěti + *-lъ.


kysati

kỳsati (canonical)
a (accent-paradigm)
kysanьje (noun-from-verb)
kysati (infinitive)
kysatъ (supine)
kysalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
kysanъ (participle passive past)
kysajemъ (participle passive present)
kysavъ (active participle past)
kysaję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
kysaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kysa (aorist second-person singular)
kysa (aorist singular third-person)
kysajǫ (first-person present singular)
kysaješi (present second-person singular)
kysajetь (present singular third-person)
kysaxově (aorist dual first-person)
kysasta (aorist dual second-person)
kysaste (aorist dual third-person)
kysajevě (dual first-person present)
kysajeta (dual present second-person)
kysajete (dual present third-person)
kysaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kysaste (aorist plural second-person)
kysašę (aorist plural third-person)
kysajemъ (first-person plural present)
kysajete (plural present second-person)
kysajǫtь (plural present third-person)
kysaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kysaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kysaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kysaji (imperative second-person singular)
kysaji (imperative singular third-person)
kysaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kysaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kysaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kysajivě (dual first-person imperative)
kysajita (dual imperative second-person)
kysaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kysaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kysaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kysajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kysajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кисати

Latin script: kisati

Slovene: kisati

West Slavic:

Czech: kysati

Polish: kisać (archaic)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kuʔs-aʔ-. Morphologically *kys- + *-ati. Cognate with Latvian kûsât (“to boil”).


tǫgъ

tǫgъ (masculine nominative singular)
tǫga (feminine nominative singular)
tǫgo (neuter nominative singular)
tǫga (genitive masculine singular)
tǫgy (feminine genitive singular)
tǫga (genitive neuter singular)
tǫgu (dative masculine singular)
tǫgě (dative feminine singular)
tǫgu (dative neuter singular)
tǫgъ (accusative masculine singular)
tǫgǫ (accusative feminine singular)
tǫgo (accusative neuter singular)
tǫgomь (instrumental masculine singular)
tǫgojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
tǫgomь (instrumental neuter singular)
tǫgě (locative masculine singular)
tǫgě (feminine locative singular)
tǫgě (locative neuter singular)
tǫge (masculine singular vocative)
tǫgo (feminine singular vocative)
tǫgo (neuter singular vocative)
tǫga (dual masculine nominative)
tǫgě (dual feminine nominative)
tǫgě (dual neuter nominative)
tǫgu (dual genitive masculine)
tǫgu (dual feminine genitive)
tǫgu (dual genitive neuter)
tǫgoma (dative dual masculine)
tǫgama (dative dual feminine)
tǫgoma (dative dual neuter)
tǫga (accusative dual masculine)
tǫgě (accusative dual feminine)
tǫgě (accusative dual neuter)
tǫgoma (dual instrumental masculine)
tǫgama (dual feminine instrumental)
tǫgoma (dual instrumental neuter)
tǫgu (dual locative masculine)
tǫgu (dual feminine locative)
tǫgu (dual locative neuter)
tǫga (dual masculine vocative)
tǫgě (dual feminine vocative)
tǫgě (dual neuter vocative)
tǫgi (masculine nominative plural)
tǫgy (feminine nominative plural)
tǫga (neuter nominative plural)
tǫgъ (genitive masculine plural)
tǫgъ (feminine genitive plural)
tǫgъ (genitive neuter plural)
tǫgomъ (dative masculine plural)
tǫgamъ (dative feminine plural)
tǫgomъ (dative neuter plural)
tǫgy (accusative masculine plural)
tǫgy (accusative feminine plural)
tǫga (accusative neuter plural)
tǫgy (instrumental masculine plural)
tǫgami (feminine instrumental plural)
tǫgy (instrumental neuter plural)
tǫgěxъ (locative masculine plural)
tǫgaxъ (feminine locative plural)
tǫgěxъ (locative neuter plural)
tǫgi (masculine plural vocative)
tǫgy (feminine plural vocative)
tǫga (neuter plural vocative)
tǫgъjь (masculine nominative singular)
tǫgaja (feminine nominative singular)
tǫgoje (neuter nominative singular)
tǫgajego (genitive masculine singular)
tǫgyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
tǫgajego (genitive neuter singular)
tǫgujemu (dative masculine singular)
tǫgěji (dative feminine singular)
tǫgujemu (dative neuter singular)
tǫgъjь (accusative masculine singular)
tǫgǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
tǫgoje (accusative neuter singular)
tǫgyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
tǫgǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
tǫgyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
tǫgějemь (locative masculine singular)
tǫgěji (feminine locative singular)
tǫgějemь (locative neuter singular)
tǫgъjь (masculine singular vocative)
tǫgaja (feminine singular vocative)
tǫgoje (neuter singular vocative)
tǫgaja (dual masculine nominative)
tǫgěji (dual feminine nominative)
tǫgěji (dual neuter nominative)
tǫguju (dual genitive masculine)
tǫguju (dual feminine genitive)
tǫguju (dual genitive neuter)
tǫgyjima (dative dual masculine)
tǫgyjima (dative dual feminine)
tǫgyjima (dative dual neuter)
tǫgaja (accusative dual masculine)
tǫgěji (accusative dual feminine)
tǫgěji (accusative dual neuter)
tǫgyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
tǫgyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
tǫgyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
tǫguju (dual locative masculine)
tǫguju (dual feminine locative)
tǫguju (dual locative neuter)
tǫgaja (dual masculine vocative)
tǫgěji (dual feminine vocative)
tǫgěji (dual neuter vocative)
tǫgiji (masculine nominative plural)
tǫgyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
tǫgaja (neuter nominative plural)
tǫgъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
tǫgъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
tǫgъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
tǫgyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
tǫgyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
tǫgyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
tǫgyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
tǫgyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
tǫgaja (accusative neuter plural)
tǫgyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
tǫgyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
tǫgyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
tǫgyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
tǫgyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
tǫgyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
tǫgiji (masculine plural vocative)
tǫgyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
tǫgaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: тугі́ (tuhí)

Russian: тугой (tugoj)

Ukrainian: туги́й (tuhýj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: тѫгъ (tǫgŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱅⱘⰳⱏ (tǫgŭ)

Slovene: tọ̑g (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: tuhý

Czech: tuhý

Polish: tęgi

Silesian: tyngi

Slovak: tuhý

Equivalent to the o-grade of *tęťi (“to pull”) + *-ъ.


tǫga

tǭgà (canonical feminine)
tǭgà (nominative singular)
tǫ̃dzě (dual nominative)
tǭgỳ (nominative plural)
tǭgỳ (genitive singular)
tǭgù (dual genitive)
tǫ̃gъ (genitive plural)
tǭdzě̀ (dative singular)
tǭgàma (dative dual)
tǭgàmъ (dative plural)
tǭgǫ̀ (accusative singular)
tǫ̃dzě (accusative dual)
tǭgỳ (accusative plural)
tǭgòjǫ (instrumental singular)
tǫ̃gǫ (instrumental singular)
tǭgàma (dual instrumental)
tǭgàmī (instrumental plural)
tǭdzě̀ (locative singular)
tǭgù (dual locative)
tǭgàsъ (locative plural)
tǭgàxъ (locative plural)
tǫgo (singular vocative)
tǫ̃dzě (dual vocative)
tǭgỳ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: туга (tuga)

Belarusian: ту́га (túha)

Russian: туга́ (tugá), ту́га (túga) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: ту́га (túha)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: тѫга (tǫga)

Glagolitic script: ⱅⱘⰳⰰ (tǫga)

desc

Bulgarian: тъга́ (tǎgá), тъ́нга (tǎ́nga) (dialectal)

Macedonian: тага (taga)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ту́га

Latin script: túga

Slovene: toga

West Slavic:

Old Czech: túha

Czech: touha

Polish: tęga (obsolete)

Slovak: túha

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: tuha

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tangā. Equivalent to the o-grade of *tęgati (“to pull”) + *-a. Cognate to Proto-Albanian *tangā (whence Albanian tangë).


tęgati

tędzati (canonical imperfective)
tęťi (perfective)
tędzanьje (noun-from-verb)
tęgati (infinitive)
tęgatъ (supine)
tędzalъ (l-participle)
tędzanъ (participle passive past)
tędzajemъ (participle passive present)
tędzavъ (active participle past)
tędzaję (active participle present)
tędzaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
tędza (aorist second-person singular)
tędza (aorist singular third-person)
tędzajǫ (first-person present singular)
tędzaješi (present second-person singular)
tędzajetь (present singular third-person)
tędzaxově (aorist dual first-person)
tędzasta (aorist dual second-person)
tędzaste (aorist dual third-person)
tędzajevě (dual first-person present)
tędzajeta (dual present second-person)
tędzajete (dual present third-person)
tędzaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tędzaste (aorist plural second-person)
tędzašę (aorist plural third-person)
tędzajemъ (first-person plural present)
tędzajete (plural present second-person)
tędzajǫtь (plural present third-person)
tędzaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tędzaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tędzaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
tędzaji (imperative second-person singular)
tędzaji (imperative singular third-person)
tędzaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tędzaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tędzaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tędzajivě (dual first-person imperative)
tędzajita (dual imperative second-person)
tędzaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tędzaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tędzaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tędzajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
tędzajite (imperative plural second-person)
*tędzati (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: тꙗгати (tjagati)

Belarusian: цяга́ць (cjahácʹ)

Russian: тяга́ть (tjagátʹ)

Ukrainian: тяга́ти (tjaháty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: тѧѕати (tędzati)

Glagolitic script: ⱅⱔⰶⰻ (tęži)

Bulgarian: те́гам (tégam) (obsolete, attested in derivatives)

Slovene: tę́zati

West Slavic:

Czech: tázat, tahat

Polish: tachać

Polish: ciągać

Slovak: ťahať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: sěgaś

Upper Sorbian: ćahać

Remodelling of *tegti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *tingtei, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tengʰ- (“to pull, to burden”). The 0-grade root has triggered progressive palatalization.


tesъ

tesъ (nominative singular)
tesa (dual nominative)
tesi (nominative plural)
tesa (genitive singular)
tesu (dual genitive)
tesъ (genitive plural)
tesu (dative singular)
tesoma (dative dual)
tesomъ (dative plural)
tesъ (accusative singular)
tesa (accusative dual)
tesy (accusative plural)
tesъmь (instrumental singular)
tesomь (instrumental singular)
tesoma (dual instrumental)
tesy (instrumental plural)
tesě (locative singular)
tesu (dual locative)
tesěxъ (locative plural)
tese (singular vocative)
tesa (dual vocative)
tesi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: тесъ (tesŭ)

Belarusian:

Russian: тёс (tjos)

Ukrainian: тес (tes)

West Slavic:

Czech: tes

Polish: cios


sъpъ

sъpъ (nominative singular)
sъpa (dual nominative)
sъpi (nominative plural)
sъpa (genitive singular)
sъpu (dual genitive)
sъpъ (genitive plural)
sъpu (dative singular)
sъpoma (dative dual)
sъpomъ (dative plural)
sъpъ (accusative singular)
sъpa (accusative dual)
sъpy (accusative plural)
sъpъmь (instrumental singular)
sъpomь (instrumental singular)
sъpoma (dual instrumental)
sъpy (instrumental plural)
sъpě (locative singular)
sъpu (dual locative)
sъpěxъ (locative plural)
sъpe (singular vocative)
sъpa (dual vocative)
sъpi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: съпъ (sŭpŭ)

Old Ruthenian: сопъ (sop)

Belarusian:

Ukrainian:

Russian: соп (sop) (dialectal)

desc

⇒ Russian: со́пка (sópka, “hill, volcano”)

→ Czech: sopka (“volcano”)

→ Slovak: sopka (“volcano”)

South Slavic:

Slovene: sep

West Slavic:

Old Polish: sep

Polish: sep

From Proto-Indo-European *sup-o-, from *sewp-.


sъlъ

sъlъ (nominative singular)
sъla (dual nominative)
sъli (nominative plural)
sъla (genitive singular)
sъlu (dual genitive)
sъlъ (genitive plural)
sъlu (dative singular)
sъloma (dative dual)
sъlomъ (dative plural)
sъlъ (accusative singular)
sъla (accusative dual)
sъly (accusative plural)
sъlъmь (instrumental singular)
sъlomь (instrumental singular)
sъloma (dual instrumental)
sъly (instrumental plural)
sъlě (locative singular)
sъlu (dual locative)
sъlěxъ (locative plural)
sъle (singular vocative)
sъla (dual vocative)
sъli (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сълъ (sŭlŭ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сълъ (sŭlŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱏⰾⱏ (sŭlŭ)

Slovene: sel

Equivalent to *sъlati (“to send”) + *-ъ.


stьblь

stьblь (nominative singular)
stьbla (dual nominative)
stьbli (nominative plural)
stьbla (genitive singular)
stьblu (dual genitive)
stьblь (genitive plural)
stьblu (dative singular)
stьblema (dative dual)
stьblemъ (dative plural)
stьblь (accusative singular)
stьbla (accusative dual)
stьblę̇ (accusative plural)
stьblьmь (instrumental singular)
stьblemь (instrumental singular)
stьblema (dual instrumental)
stьbli (instrumental plural)
stьbli (locative singular)
stьblu (dual locative)
stьblixъ (locative plural)
stьblu (singular vocative)
stьbla (dual vocative)
stьbli (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: стьбль (stĭblĭ), стебль (steblĭ, “stem, stalk”)

Belarusian: сцябе́ль (scjabjélʹ), сце́бель (scjébjelʹ)

⇒ Belarusian: стэбэлі́на (stebelína)

Middle Russian: стебль (steblʹ)

Russian: сте́бель (stébelʹ, “stem, stalk”)

Ukrainian: сте́бель (stébelʹ)

⇒ Ukrainian: стебли́на (steblýna)

⇒ Ukrainian: стебели́ння (stebelýnnja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Serbian Church Slavonic: стьбль (stĭblĭ, “stem, stalk”)

Slovene: stebèl (“stem, stalk, trunk”)

From *stьbъ (“stem, stalk, trunk”) + *-lь.


bělь

bělь (nominative singular)
běli (dual nominative)
bělьje (nominative plural)
běli (genitive singular)
bělьju (dual genitive)
bělьjь (genitive plural)
běli (dative singular)
bělьma (dative dual)
bělьmъ (dative plural)
bělь (accusative singular)
běli (accusative dual)
běli (accusative plural)
bělьmь (instrumental singular)
bělьma (dual instrumental)
bělьmi (instrumental plural)
běli (locative singular)
bělьju (dual locative)
bělьxъ (locative plural)
běli (singular vocative)
běli (dual vocative)
bělьje (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: бель (bjelʹ, “swampy meadow”)

West Slavic:

Polish: biel (“swampy meadow”) (dialectal), bielaw (dialectal)

From *bělъ (“white”) + *-ь. Cognate with Latvian bala (“loamy valley, swamp, depression”), Lithuanian balà (“swamp”).


bьltati

bьltanьje (noun-from-verb)
bьltati (infinitive)
bьltatъ (supine)
bьltalъ (l-participle)
bьltanъ (participle passive past)
bьltajemъ (participle passive present)
bьltavъ (active participle past)
bьltaję (active participle present)
bьltaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
bьlta (aorist second-person singular)
bьlta (aorist singular third-person)
bьltajǫ (first-person present singular)
bьltaješi (present second-person singular)
bьltajetь (present singular third-person)
bьltaxově (aorist dual first-person)
bьltasta (aorist dual second-person)
bьltaste (aorist dual third-person)
bьltajevě (dual first-person present)
bьltajeta (dual present second-person)
bьltajete (dual present third-person)
bьltaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bьltaste (aorist plural second-person)
bьltašę (aorist plural third-person)
bьltajemъ (first-person plural present)
bьltajete (plural present second-person)
bьltajǫtь (plural present third-person)
bьltaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bьltaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bьltaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bьltaji (imperative second-person singular)
bьltaji (imperative singular third-person)
bьltaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bьltaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bьltaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bьltajivě (dual first-person imperative)
bьltajita (dual imperative second-person)
bьltaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bьltaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bьltaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bьltajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bьltajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Belarusian: блы́таць (blýtacʹ), бо́ўтаць (bóŭtacʹ), бовта́ць (bovtácʹ)

Russian: болта́ть (boltátʹ)

Ukrainian: бо́втати (bóvtaty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бълтáя (bǎltája), блъ́там (blǎ́tam) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Polish: bełtać

Slovak: beltac (dialectal)

* At least for some meanings: onomatopoeic.
* From Proto-Balto-Slavic *biltei, possibly from a t-extension of Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to blow”).
Compare further Proto-Slavic *bъltъ (“projectile”), *bоlboliti (“to babble”) (per Trubachyov, Vasmer).


orvьnъ

õrvьnъ (canonical)
orvьnъ (masculine nominative singular)
orvьna (feminine nominative singular)
orvьno (neuter nominative singular)
orvьna (genitive masculine singular)
orvьny (feminine genitive singular)
orvьna (genitive neuter singular)
orvьnu (dative masculine singular)
orvьně (dative feminine singular)
orvьnu (dative neuter singular)
orvьnъ (accusative masculine singular)
orvьnǫ (accusative feminine singular)
orvьno (accusative neuter singular)
orvьnomь (instrumental masculine singular)
orvьnojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
orvьnomь (instrumental neuter singular)
orvьně (locative masculine singular)
orvьně (feminine locative singular)
orvьně (locative neuter singular)
orvьne (masculine singular vocative)
orvьno (feminine singular vocative)
orvьno (neuter singular vocative)
orvьna (dual masculine nominative)
orvьně (dual feminine nominative)
orvьně (dual neuter nominative)
orvьnu (dual genitive masculine)
orvьnu (dual feminine genitive)
orvьnu (dual genitive neuter)
orvьnoma (dative dual masculine)
orvьnama (dative dual feminine)
orvьnoma (dative dual neuter)
orvьna (accusative dual masculine)
orvьně (accusative dual feminine)
orvьně (accusative dual neuter)
orvьnoma (dual instrumental masculine)
orvьnama (dual feminine instrumental)
orvьnoma (dual instrumental neuter)
orvьnu (dual locative masculine)
orvьnu (dual feminine locative)
orvьnu (dual locative neuter)
orvьna (dual masculine vocative)
orvьně (dual feminine vocative)
orvьně (dual neuter vocative)
orvьni (masculine nominative plural)
orvьny (feminine nominative plural)
orvьna (neuter nominative plural)
orvьnъ (genitive masculine plural)
orvьnъ (feminine genitive plural)
orvьnъ (genitive neuter plural)
orvьnomъ (dative masculine plural)
orvьnamъ (dative feminine plural)
orvьnomъ (dative neuter plural)
orvьny (accusative masculine plural)
orvьny (accusative feminine plural)
orvьna (accusative neuter plural)
orvьny (instrumental masculine plural)
orvьnami (feminine instrumental plural)
orvьny (instrumental neuter plural)
orvьněxъ (locative masculine plural)
orvьnaxъ (feminine locative plural)
orvьněxъ (locative neuter plural)
orvьni (masculine plural vocative)
orvьny (feminine plural vocative)
orvьna (neuter plural vocative)
orvьnъjь (masculine nominative singular)
orvьnaja (feminine nominative singular)
orvьnoje (neuter nominative singular)
orvьnajego (genitive masculine singular)
orvьnyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
orvьnajego (genitive neuter singular)
orvьnujemu (dative masculine singular)
orvьněji (dative feminine singular)
orvьnujemu (dative neuter singular)
orvьnъjь (accusative masculine singular)
orvьnǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
orvьnoje (accusative neuter singular)
orvьnyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
orvьnǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
orvьnyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
orvьnějemь (locative masculine singular)
orvьněji (feminine locative singular)
orvьnějemь (locative neuter singular)
orvьnъjь (masculine singular vocative)
orvьnaja (feminine singular vocative)
orvьnoje (neuter singular vocative)
orvьnaja (dual masculine nominative)
orvьněji (dual feminine nominative)
orvьněji (dual neuter nominative)
orvьnuju (dual genitive masculine)
orvьnuju (dual feminine genitive)
orvьnuju (dual genitive neuter)
orvьnyjima (dative dual masculine)
orvьnyjima (dative dual feminine)
orvьnyjima (dative dual neuter)
orvьnaja (accusative dual masculine)
orvьněji (accusative dual feminine)
orvьněji (accusative dual neuter)
orvьnyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
orvьnyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
orvьnyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
orvьnuju (dual locative masculine)
orvьnuju (dual feminine locative)
orvьnuju (dual locative neuter)
orvьnaja (dual masculine vocative)
orvьněji (dual feminine vocative)
orvьněji (dual neuter vocative)
orvьniji (masculine nominative plural)
orvьnyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
orvьnaja (neuter nominative plural)
orvьnъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
orvьnъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
orvьnъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
orvьnyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
orvьnyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
orvьnyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
orvьnyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
orvьnyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
orvьnaja (accusative neuter plural)
orvьnyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
orvьnyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
orvьnyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
orvьnyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
orvьnyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
orvьnyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
orvьniji (masculine plural vocative)
orvьnyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
orvьnaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ровьнъ (rovĭnŭ)

Old Ruthenian: ро́вный (róvnyj)

Belarusian: ро́ўны (róŭny)

Ukrainian: рі́вний (rívnyj)

Russian: ро́вный (róvnyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: равьнъ (ravĭnŭ)

→ Russian: ра́вный (rávnyj)

Bulgarian: ра́вен (ráven)

→ Romanian: reavăn

Macedonian: рамен (ramen) (with regressive assimilation)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ра́ван

Latin script: rávan

Slovene: rávən (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: rovný

Czech: rovný

desctree

Old Polish: równy, rówien
Polish: równy
Silesian: rōwny, rŏwny, rowny

Slovak: rovný

Polabian: ruovnė

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: równy

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: runy

Lower Sorbian: rowny

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *arwis. Morphologically from *orvò + *-ьnъ. According to Pokorny (supported by Snoj), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *rewh₁- (“open space, field”), see also English room, Middle Irish róe.
Cognates include Old Prussian arwis (“true, definite”), Lithuanian arvis (“suitable”) (or arvas, then displaced by tinka).


visěti

visěnьje (noun-from-verb)
visěti (infinitive)
visětъ (supine)
visělъ (l-participle)
visěnъ (participle passive past)
visimъ (participle passive present)
visěvъ (active participle past)
visę (active participle present)
visěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
visě (aorist second-person singular)
visě (aorist singular third-person)
višǫ (first-person present singular)
visiši (present second-person singular)
visitь (present singular third-person)
visěxově (aorist dual first-person)
visěsta (aorist dual second-person)
visěste (aorist dual third-person)
visivě (dual first-person present)
visita (dual present second-person)
visite (dual present third-person)
visěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
visěste (aorist plural second-person)
visěšę (aorist plural third-person)
visimъ (first-person plural present)
visite (plural present second-person)
visętь (plural present third-person)
visěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
visěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
visěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
visi (imperative second-person singular)
visi (imperative singular third-person)
visěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
visěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
visěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
visivě (dual first-person imperative)
visita (dual imperative second-person)
visěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
visěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
visěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
visimъ (first-person imperative plural)
visite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: висѣти (visěti)

desc

Old Ruthenian: висѣти (visěti), висꙗ́ти (visjáti)

Belarusian: вісе́ць (visjécʹ)

Ukrainian: ви́сіти (výsity), висі́ти (vysíty)

Russian: висе́ть (visétʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: висѣти (visěti)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⰻⱄⱑⱅⰻ (visěti)

Bulgarian: вися́ (visjá)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ви̏сjети

Latin script: vȉsjeti

Slovene: viséti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: viset

Polish: wisieć

Slovak: visieť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wisać

Lower Sorbian: wisaś

Usually derived from Proto-Indo-European *weyp- (“to swing”), but this is uncertain.


norstъ

nȏrstъ (canonical masculine)
nȏrstъ (nominative singular)
nȏrsta (dual nominative)
nȏrsti (nominative plural)
nȏrsta (genitive singular)
norstù (dual genitive)
nõrstъ (genitive plural)
nȏrstu (dative singular)
norstomà (dative dual)
norstòmъ (dative plural)
nȏrstъ (accusative singular)
nȏrsta (accusative dual)
nȏrsty (accusative plural)
nȏrstъmь (instrumental singular)
nȏrstomь (instrumental singular)
norstomà (dual instrumental)
norstý (instrumental plural)
nȏrstě (locative singular)
norstù (dual locative)
norstě̃xъ (locative plural)
norste (singular vocative)
nȏrsta (dual vocative)
nȏrsti (plural vocative)
*nȏrostь (alternative)

East Slavic:

Russian: но́рост m (nórost, “frog spawn”) (dialectal), но́рос m (nóros, “frog spawn”) (dialectal), но́рость f (nórostʹ, “spawning”) (dialectal)

Cognate with Latvian nā̀rsts (“spawning”), Lithuanian nar̃štas (“spawning”). See *nerstъ.


obьlъ

obьlъ (masculine nominative singular)
obьla (feminine nominative singular)
obьlo (neuter nominative singular)
obьla (genitive masculine singular)
obьly (feminine genitive singular)
obьla (genitive neuter singular)
obьlu (dative masculine singular)
obьlě (dative feminine singular)
obьlu (dative neuter singular)
obьlъ (accusative masculine singular)
obьlǫ (accusative feminine singular)
obьlo (accusative neuter singular)
obьlomь (instrumental masculine singular)
obьlojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
obьlomь (instrumental neuter singular)
obьlě (locative masculine singular)
obьlě (feminine locative singular)
obьlě (locative neuter singular)
obьle (masculine singular vocative)
obьlo (feminine singular vocative)
obьlo (neuter singular vocative)
obьla (dual masculine nominative)
obьlě (dual feminine nominative)
obьlě (dual neuter nominative)
obьlu (dual genitive masculine)
obьlu (dual feminine genitive)
obьlu (dual genitive neuter)
obьloma (dative dual masculine)
obьlama (dative dual feminine)
obьloma (dative dual neuter)
obьla (accusative dual masculine)
obьlě (accusative dual feminine)
obьlě (accusative dual neuter)
obьloma (dual instrumental masculine)
obьlama (dual feminine instrumental)
obьloma (dual instrumental neuter)
obьlu (dual locative masculine)
obьlu (dual feminine locative)
obьlu (dual locative neuter)
obьla (dual masculine vocative)
obьlě (dual feminine vocative)
obьlě (dual neuter vocative)
obьli (masculine nominative plural)
obьly (feminine nominative plural)
obьla (neuter nominative plural)
obьlъ (genitive masculine plural)
obьlъ (feminine genitive plural)
obьlъ (genitive neuter plural)
obьlomъ (dative masculine plural)
obьlamъ (dative feminine plural)
obьlomъ (dative neuter plural)
obьly (accusative masculine plural)
obьly (accusative feminine plural)
obьla (accusative neuter plural)
obьly (instrumental masculine plural)
obьlami (feminine instrumental plural)
obьly (instrumental neuter plural)
obьlěxъ (locative masculine plural)
obьlaxъ (feminine locative plural)
obьlěxъ (locative neuter plural)
obьli (masculine plural vocative)
obьly (feminine plural vocative)
obьla (neuter plural vocative)
obьlъjь (masculine nominative singular)
obьlaja (feminine nominative singular)
obьloje (neuter nominative singular)
obьlajego (genitive masculine singular)
obьlyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
obьlajego (genitive neuter singular)
obьlujemu (dative masculine singular)
obьlěji (dative feminine singular)
obьlujemu (dative neuter singular)
obьlъjь (accusative masculine singular)
obьlǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
obьloje (accusative neuter singular)
obьlyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
obьlǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
obьlyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
obьlějemь (locative masculine singular)
obьlěji (feminine locative singular)
obьlějemь (locative neuter singular)
obьlъjь (masculine singular vocative)
obьlaja (feminine singular vocative)
obьloje (neuter singular vocative)
obьlaja (dual masculine nominative)
obьlěji (dual feminine nominative)
obьlěji (dual neuter nominative)
obьluju (dual genitive masculine)
obьluju (dual feminine genitive)
obьluju (dual genitive neuter)
obьlyjima (dative dual masculine)
obьlyjima (dative dual feminine)
obьlyjima (dative dual neuter)
obьlaja (accusative dual masculine)
obьlěji (accusative dual feminine)
obьlěji (accusative dual neuter)
obьlyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
obьlyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
obьlyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
obьluju (dual locative masculine)
obьluju (dual feminine locative)
obьluju (dual locative neuter)
obьlaja (dual masculine vocative)
obьlěji (dual feminine vocative)
obьlěji (dual neuter vocative)
obьliji (masculine nominative plural)
obьlyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
obьlaja (neuter nominative plural)
obьlъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
obьlъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
obьlъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
obьlyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
obьlyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
obьlyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
obьlyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
obьlyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
obьlaja (accusative neuter plural)
obьlyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
obьlyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
obьlyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
obьlyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
obьlyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
obьlyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
obьliji (masculine plural vocative)
obьlyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
obьlaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: о́блый (óblyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Church Slavonic: обьлъ (obĭlŭ)

Bulgarian: о́бъл (óbǎl)

Macedonian: о́бол (óbol)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̏бао

Latin script: ȍbao

Slovene: obel

West Slavic:

Old Czech: oblý

Czech: oblý

Polish: obły

Slovak: oblý

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: oblu

From an earlier **obvьlъ with regular assimilation -bv- > -bb- > -b-, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *apwilas (0-grade) ~ *apwalus (o-grade), from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to roll, to wind”). Cognate with Latvian apaļš (“round”), Lithuanian apvalùs (“round”). For the loss of -v- between ob- and a vowel compare *obolkъ which comes from an earlier **obvolkъ.


odrъ

òdrъ (canonical masculine)
òdrъ (nominative singular)
odrà (dual nominative)
odrì (nominative plural)
odrà (genitive singular)
odrù (dual genitive)
òdrъ (genitive plural)
odrù (dative singular)
odròma (dative dual)
odròmъ (dative plural)
òdrъ (accusative singular)
odrà (accusative dual)
odrỳ (accusative plural)
odrъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
odròmь (instrumental singular)
odròma (dual instrumental)
òdry (instrumental plural)
odrě̀ (locative singular)
odrù (dual locative)
òdrěxъ (locative plural)
odre (singular vocative)
odrà (dual vocative)
odrì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: одр (odr) (archaic), одёр (odjór) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: одръ (odrŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱁⰴⱃⱏ (odrŭ)

Bulgarian: о́дър (ódǎr)

Macedonian: о́дар (ódar)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̀дар

Latin script: òdar

Slovene: oder

West Slavic:

Old Czech: odr

Czech: odr

Bohemian (Chod dialect): vodr

Slovak: vôdor


olčьnъ

őlčьnъ (canonical)
őlčьnъ (masculine nominative singular)
őlčьna (feminine nominative singular)
őlčьno (neuter nominative singular)
őlčьna (genitive masculine singular)
őlčьny (feminine genitive singular)
őlčьna (genitive neuter singular)
őlčьnu (dative masculine singular)
őlčьně (dative feminine singular)
őlčьnu (dative neuter singular)
őlčьnъ (accusative masculine singular)
őlčьnǫ (accusative feminine singular)
őlčьno (accusative neuter singular)
őlčьnomь (instrumental masculine singular)
őlčьnojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
őlčьnomь (instrumental neuter singular)
őlčьně (locative masculine singular)
őlčьně (feminine locative singular)
őlčьně (locative neuter singular)
őlčьne (masculine singular vocative)
őlčьno (feminine singular vocative)
őlčьno (neuter singular vocative)
őlčьna (dual masculine nominative)
őlčьně (dual feminine nominative)
őlčьně (dual neuter nominative)
őlčьnu (dual genitive masculine)
őlčьnu (dual feminine genitive)
őlčьnu (dual genitive neuter)
őlčьnoma (dative dual masculine)
őlčьnama (dative dual feminine)
őlčьnoma (dative dual neuter)
őlčьna (accusative dual masculine)
őlčьně (accusative dual feminine)
őlčьně (accusative dual neuter)
őlčьnoma (dual instrumental masculine)
őlčьnama (dual feminine instrumental)
őlčьnoma (dual instrumental neuter)
őlčьnu (dual locative masculine)
őlčьnu (dual feminine locative)
őlčьnu (dual locative neuter)
őlčьna (dual masculine vocative)
őlčьně (dual feminine vocative)
őlčьně (dual neuter vocative)
őlčьni (masculine nominative plural)
őlčьny (feminine nominative plural)
őlčьna (neuter nominative plural)
őlčьnъ (genitive masculine plural)
őlčьnъ (feminine genitive plural)
őlčьnъ (genitive neuter plural)
őlčьnomъ (dative masculine plural)
őlčьnamъ (dative feminine plural)
őlčьnomъ (dative neuter plural)
őlčьny (accusative masculine plural)
őlčьny (accusative feminine plural)
őlčьna (accusative neuter plural)
őlčьny (instrumental masculine plural)
őlčьnami (feminine instrumental plural)
őlčьny (instrumental neuter plural)
őlčьněxъ (locative masculine plural)
őlčьnaxъ (feminine locative plural)
őlčьněxъ (locative neuter plural)
őlčьni (masculine plural vocative)
őlčьny (feminine plural vocative)
őlčьna (neuter plural vocative)
őlčьnъjь (masculine nominative singular)
őlčьnaja (feminine nominative singular)
őlčьnoje (neuter nominative singular)
őlčьnajego (genitive masculine singular)
őlčьnyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
őlčьnajego (genitive neuter singular)
őlčьnujemu (dative masculine singular)
őlčьněji (dative feminine singular)
őlčьnujemu (dative neuter singular)
őlčьnъjь (accusative masculine singular)
őlčьnǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
őlčьnoje (accusative neuter singular)
őlčьnyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
őlčьnǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
őlčьnyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
őlčьnějemь (locative masculine singular)
őlčьněji (feminine locative singular)
őlčьnějemь (locative neuter singular)
őlčьnъjь (masculine singular vocative)
őlčьnaja (feminine singular vocative)
őlčьnoje (neuter singular vocative)
őlčьnaja (dual masculine nominative)
őlčьněji (dual feminine nominative)
őlčьněji (dual neuter nominative)
őlčьnuju (dual genitive masculine)
őlčьnuju (dual feminine genitive)
őlčьnuju (dual genitive neuter)
őlčьnyjima (dative dual masculine)
őlčьnyjima (dative dual feminine)
őlčьnyjima (dative dual neuter)
őlčьnaja (accusative dual masculine)
őlčьněji (accusative dual feminine)
őlčьněji (accusative dual neuter)
őlčьnyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
őlčьnyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
őlčьnyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
őlčьnuju (dual locative masculine)
őlčьnuju (dual feminine locative)
őlčьnuju (dual locative neuter)
őlčьnaja (dual masculine vocative)
őlčьněji (dual feminine vocative)
őlčьněji (dual neuter vocative)
őlčьniji (masculine nominative plural)
őlčьnyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
őlčьnaja (neuter nominative plural)
őlčьnъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
őlčьnъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
őlčьnъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
őlčьnyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
őlčьnyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
őlčьnyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
őlčьnyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
őlčьnyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
őlčьnaja (accusative neuter plural)
őlčьnyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
őlčьnyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
őlčьnyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
őlčьnyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
őlčьnyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
őlčьnyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
őlčьniji (masculine plural vocative)
őlčьnyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
őlčьnaja (neuter plural vocative)
*alьčьnъ (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: алъчьнъи (alŭčĭnŷi)

Russian: а́лчный (álčnyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: алъчьнъ (alŭčĭnŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰰⰾⱏⱍⱐⱀⱏ (alŭčĭnŭ)

Bulgarian: а́лчен (álčen)

Macedonian: алчен (alčen)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ла̏чан

Latin script: lȁčan

Slovene: lačen

West Slavic:

Old Czech: lačný

Czech: lačný

Old Polish: łaczny

Slovak: lačný

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: lačny

Lower Sorbian: łacny

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *álˀkinas. Equivalent to *olkati (“to be hungry”) + *-ьnъ. Cognate with Latvian al̂kans (“greedy, hungry”), Lithuanian álkanas (“sober”), Old Prussian alkīns (“sober”). Interestingly, the Old Church Slavonic and Bulgarian descendants did not overgo a metathesis.


olnita

olnìta (canonical feminine)
olnìta (nominative singular)
olnitě (dual nominative)
olnity (nominative plural)
olnity (genitive singular)
olnitu (dual genitive)
olnitъ (genitive plural)
olnitě (dative singular)
olnitama (dative dual)
olnitamъ (dative plural)
olnitǫ (accusative singular)
olnitě (accusative dual)
olnity (accusative plural)
olnitojǫ (instrumental singular)
olnitǫ (instrumental singular)
olnitama (dual instrumental)
olnitami (instrumental plural)
olnitě (locative singular)
olnitu (dual locative)
olnitasъ (locative plural)
olnitaxъ (locative plural)
olnìto (singular vocative)
olnitě (dual vocative)
olnity (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⰾⰰⱀⰻⱅⰰ (lanita)

Old Cyrillic script: ланита (lanita)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ла̀нита (dialectal)

Latin script: lànita (dialectal)

Slovene: laníta (archaic)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: lanitva

Possibly akin to Latin ulna (“forearm bone”), Proto-Germanic *alinō (“ell”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *Heh₃l- (“to bend”)?


orlьja

orlьja (nominative singular)
orlьji (dual nominative)
orlьję̇ (nominative plural)
orlьję̇ (genitive singular)
orlьju (dual genitive)
orlьjь (genitive plural)
orlьji (dative singular)
orlьjama (dative dual)
orlьjamъ (dative plural)
orlьjǫ (accusative singular)
orlьji (accusative dual)
orlьję̇ (accusative plural)
orlьjejǫ (instrumental singular)
orlьjǫ (instrumental singular)
orlьjama (dual instrumental)
orlьjami (instrumental plural)
orlьji (locative singular)
orlьju (dual locative)
orlьjasъ (locative plural)
orlьjaxъ (locative plural)
orlьje (singular vocative)
orlьji (dual vocative)
orlьję̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: рольꙗ (rolĭja), ролиꙗ (rolija), ролꙗ (rolja)

Old Ruthenian: рольꙗ (rolʹja), ролїꙗ (rolija), роллꙗ (rollja), ролꙗ (rolja)

Belarusian: ралля́ (ralljá)

Ukrainian: рілля́ (rilljá)

Russian: ро́лья (rólʹja), ро́ля (rólja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Church Slavonic: ралиꙗ (ralija)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: rolí
Czech: role

Polabian: rüľĕ

desctree

Old Polish: rola
Polish: rola
Silesian: rolŏ

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: rolô

Slovincian: rôla

Slovak: roľa

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: rola


ostьnъ

ostь̀nъ (nominative singular)
ostьnà (dual nominative)
ostьnì (nominative plural)
ostьnà (genitive singular)
ostьnù (dual genitive)
ostь̀nъ (genitive plural)
ostьnù (dative singular)
ostьnòma (dative dual)
ostьnòmъ (dative plural)
ostь̀nъ (accusative singular)
ostьnà (accusative dual)
ostьnỳ (accusative plural)
ostьnъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
ostьnòmь (instrumental singular)
ostьnòma (dual instrumental)
ostь̀ny (instrumental plural)
ostьně̀ (locative singular)
ostьnù (dual locative)
ostь̀něxъ (locative plural)
ostьne (singular vocative)
ostьnà (dual vocative)
ostьnì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: остьнъ (ostĭnŭ)

Russian: осте́н (ostén) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: остьнъ (ostĭnŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱁⱄⱅⱐⱀⱏ (ostĭnŭ)

Bulgarian: осте́н (ostén)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̀стан

Latin script: òstan

Slovene: osten

West Slavic:

Czech: osten

Polish: oścień

Slovak: osteń

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *aśtinas (*akstinas?). Equivalent to *ostь + *-ьnъ. Cognate with Lithuanian ãkstinas.


bьrgъ

bьrgъ (nominative singular)
bьrga (dual nominative)
bьrdzi (nominative plural)
bьrga (genitive singular)
bьrgu (dual genitive)
bьrgъ (genitive plural)
bьrgu (dative singular)
bьrgoma (dative dual)
bьrgomъ (dative plural)
bьrgъ (accusative singular)
bьrga (accusative dual)
bьrgy (accusative plural)
bьrgъmь (instrumental singular)
bьrgomь (instrumental singular)
bьrgoma (dual instrumental)
bьrgy (instrumental plural)
bьrdzě (locative singular)
bьrgu (dual locative)
bьrdzěxъ (locative plural)
bьrže (singular vocative)
bьrga (dual vocative)
bьrdzi (plural vocative)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: brh

Czech: brh (obsolete)

Old Polish: barg, bark

Slovak: brh


cěstiti

cě̀stiti (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
cěsťenьje (noun-from-verb)
cěstiti (infinitive)
cěstitъ (supine)
cěstilъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
cěsťenъ (participle passive past)
cěstimъ (participle passive present)
cěsťь (active participle past)
cěstę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
cěstixъ (aorist first-person singular)
cěsti (aorist second-person singular)
cěsti (aorist singular third-person)
cěsťǫ (first-person present singular)
cěstiši (present second-person singular)
cěstitь (present singular third-person)
cěstixově (aorist dual first-person)
cěstista (aorist dual second-person)
cěstiste (aorist dual third-person)
cěstivě (dual first-person present)
cěstita (dual present second-person)
cěstite (dual present third-person)
cěstixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
cěstiste (aorist plural second-person)
cěstišę (aorist plural third-person)
cěstimъ (first-person plural present)
cěstite (plural present second-person)
cěstętь (plural present third-person)
cěsťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
cěsťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
cěsťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
cěsti (imperative second-person singular)
cěsti (imperative singular third-person)
cěsťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
cěsťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
cěsťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
cěstivě (dual first-person imperative)
cěstita (dual imperative second-person)
cěsťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
cěsťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
cěsťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
cěstimъ (first-person imperative plural)
cěstite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

desc

Old Cyrillic script: цѣстити (cěstiti, “to geld, to baptize (refl.); to purge (trans.)”)

Glagolitic script: ⱌⱑⱄⱅⰻⱅⰻ (cěstiti, “to geld, to baptize (refl.); to purge (trans.)”)

Slovene: cẹ́stiti (“to castrate”)

On account of the acute, probably from Pre-Slavic *koid-titi, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)koyd- (“to split; to filter”), related to Proto-Slavic *cěditi (“to strain”).
According to Trubachev, o-vocalism of Proto-Slavic *čistiti (“to clean”). Alternatively, per J. Zubaty (1982), from an unattested *cěstъ (“clear, pure”) + *-iti, cognate with Lithuanian skaistùs (“bright”) (dial. skáistas (“bright”)), Latvian skaĩsts (“beautiful”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *(s)káiˀstas. Further related to Latvian skaidrs (“clear”).


sikati

Oleg Trubachyov
be:Генадзь Апанасавіч Цыхун
uk:Мельничук Олександр Савич

sikanьje (noun-from-verb)
sikati (infinitive)
sikatъ (supine)
sikalъ (l-participle)
sikanъ (participle passive past)
sikajemъ (participle passive present)
sikavъ (active participle past)
sikaję (active participle present)
sikaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sika (aorist second-person singular)
sika (aorist singular third-person)
sikajǫ (first-person present singular)
sikaješi (present second-person singular)
sikajetь (present singular third-person)
sikaxově (aorist dual first-person)
sikasta (aorist dual second-person)
sikaste (aorist dual third-person)
sikajevě (dual first-person present)
sikajeta (dual present second-person)
sikajete (dual present third-person)
sikaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sikaste (aorist plural second-person)
sikašę (aorist plural third-person)
sikajemъ (first-person plural present)
sikajete (plural present second-person)
sikajǫtь (plural present third-person)
sikaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sikaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sikaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sikaji (imperative second-person singular)
sikaji (imperative singular third-person)
sikaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sikaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sikaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sikajivě (dual first-person imperative)
sikajita (dual imperative second-person)
sikaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sikaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sikaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sikajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sikajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *сикати (*sikati)

Old Ruthenian: *си́кати (*síkati)

desc

Belarusian: сі́каць (síkacʹ), сі́кацца (síkacca)

Carpathian Rusyn: си́кати (sýkaty)

Ukrainian: си́кати (sýkaty)

Russian: си́кать (síkatʹ)

West Slavic:

Czech: sikać, sykať, šykač (dialectal)

Polish: sikać

Slovak: sykať, sikać, cikať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: sykaś

Upper Sorbian: sykać

By surface analysis, *sik- + *-ati. See *sьcati (“to piss”). Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *seikā́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *seykʷ-éh₂-ti, from *seykʷ-.
Roots *sьk- : *sěk- : *sik-, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sik- : *saik- : *seik-, from Proto-Indo-European *sikʷ- : *soykʷ- : *seykʷ- (“to moisten”).


sikati

South Slavic

Bulgarian: си́кам (síkam)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: си́кати

Latin script: síkati

⇒ Slovene: síkniti (tonal orthography)

Of onomatopoeic origin. Related to *sykati.


pъrtiti

a (accent-paradigm)
pъrťenьje (noun-from-verb)
pъrtiti (infinitive)
pъrtitъ (supine)
pъrtilъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
pъrťenъ (participle passive past)
pъrtimъ (participle passive present)
pъrťь (active participle past)
pъrtę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
pъrtixъ (aorist first-person singular)
pъrti (aorist second-person singular)
pъrti (aorist singular third-person)
pъrťǫ (first-person present singular)
pъrtiši (present second-person singular)
pъrtitь (present singular third-person)
pъrtixově (aorist dual first-person)
pъrtista (aorist dual second-person)
pъrtiste (aorist dual third-person)
pъrtivě (dual first-person present)
pъrtita (dual present second-person)
pъrtite (dual present third-person)
pъrtixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pъrtiste (aorist plural second-person)
pъrtišę (aorist plural third-person)
pъrtimъ (first-person plural present)
pъrtite (plural present second-person)
pъrtętь (plural present third-person)
pъrťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pъrťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pъrťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pъrti (imperative second-person singular)
pъrti (imperative singular third-person)
pъrťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pъrťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pъrťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pъrtivě (dual first-person imperative)
pъrtita (dual imperative second-person)
pъrťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pъrťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pъrťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pъrtimъ (first-person imperative plural)
pъrtite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: по́ртить (pórtitʹ)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: испъртити (ispŭrtiti)

Bulgarian: по̀ртя (pòrtja)

⇒ Bulgarian: изпо̀ртвам (izpòrtvam)

West Slavic:

Polish: parcieć

From Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to pass (deadline)”) . Cognates include Lithuanian periù (“to rot”), Latin parō (“to prepare”).


česnъ

česnъ (canonical masculine)
česno (canonical neuter)
česnъ (nominative singular)
česna (dual nominative)
česni (nominative plural)
česna (genitive singular)
česnu (dual genitive)
česnъ (genitive plural)
česnu (dative singular)
česnoma (dative dual)
česnomъ (dative plural)
česnъ (accusative singular)
česna (accusative dual)
česny (accusative plural)
česnъmь (instrumental singular)
česnomь (instrumental singular)
česnoma (dual instrumental)
česny (instrumental plural)
česně (locative singular)
česnu (dual locative)
česněxъ (locative plural)
česne (singular vocative)
česna (dual vocative)
česni (plural vocative)
česno (nominative singular)
česně (dual nominative)
česna (nominative plural)
česna (genitive singular)
česnu (dual genitive)
česnъ (genitive plural)
česnu (dative singular)
česnoma (dative dual)
česnomъ (dative plural)
česno (accusative singular)
česně (accusative dual)
česna (accusative plural)
česnъmь (instrumental singular)
česnomь (instrumental singular)
česnoma (dual instrumental)
česny (instrumental plural)
česně (locative singular)
česnu (dual locative)
česněxъ (locative plural)
česno (singular vocative)
česně (dual vocative)
česna (plural vocative)
*česno (alternative)

East Slavic: —

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: че́сън m (čésǎn)

Macedonian: чесен m (česen)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: чѐсно n, че̏но n, чѐсан m, чѐшањ m

Latin script: čȅsen, česãn m

Slovene: čésen, česenj

West Slavic:

Slovak: česeň m

* Probably substantivized adjective, from **česti + *-nъ. For the meaning compare Middle High German klieben (“to cleave”) : Old High German chlobolouch (“garlic”) (> German Knoblauch).
* From Proto-Indo-European *kesn-o-, likely from a non-Indo-European (substrate) source. Cognate with Irish cainneann (“leek”), Welsh cennin (“leek”).


smokъ

smȍkъ (nominative singular)
smȍka (dual nominative)
smȍci (nominative plural)
smȍka (genitive singular)
smokù (dual genitive)
smòkъ (genitive plural)
smȍku (dative singular)
smokomà (dative dual)
smokòmъ (dative plural)
smȍkъ (accusative singular)
smȍka (accusative dual)
smȍky (accusative plural)
smȍkъmь (instrumental singular)
smȍkomь (instrumental singular)
smokomà (dual instrumental)
smoký (instrumental plural)
smȍcě (locative singular)
smokù (dual locative)
smocě̃xъ (locative plural)
smoče (singular vocative)
smȍka (dual vocative)
smȍci (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: смокъ (smokŭ) (Russian)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: смокъ (smokŭ)

Russian: смок (smok) (archaic)

desc

Belarusian: цмок (cmok, “wyvern”), смок (smok)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: смок (smok)

Macedonian: смок (smok)

Slovene: smòk

Serbo-Croatian: smȗk

West Slavic:

Czech: zmok, zmek ('z' can be from zmije)

Kashubian: smok

Polish: smok (“dragon”)

Slovak: zmok ('z' can be from zmija)

Other:

→ Lithuanian: smãkas (“dragon, serpent”) (probably)

Uncertain:
* *sъmъkъ, related to *sъmykati, *mъčati; it doesn't explain the vowel "o" in some descendants.
* *smъkъ, related to *smykati sę (“to creep, crawl”), Serbo-Croatian сму̑к (“adder”); it doesn't explain the vowel "o" in some descendants. For the meaning compare *pьlzati: *polzъ (> Czech plaz (“reptile”)), Ancient Greek ἑρπετόν (herpetón, “reptile”): ἕρπω (hérpō, “to crawl”), Latin serpēns (“snake”): serpō (“to creep, crawl”).
* Related to *smokъtati (“to smack?, suck?”).
* Influenced by the words above, from **snokъ, ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *snakō (“snake”) (> Old English snaca > English snake).
* From **snokъ, from **sъsnokъ, from Alanic *susnaka-, from Proto-Iranian *sušnaka-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćúšnas (> Sanskrit शुष्ण (śúṣṇa)).


užasъ

ȗžasъ (canonical masculine)
ȗžasъ (nominative singular)
ȗžasa (dual nominative)
ȗžasi (nominative plural)
ȗžasa (genitive singular)
užasù (dual genitive)
užãsъ (genitive plural)
ȗžasu (dative singular)
užasomà (dative dual)
užasòmъ (dative plural)
ȗžasъ (accusative singular)
ȗžasa (accusative dual)
ȗžasy (accusative plural)
ȗžasъmь (instrumental singular)
ȗžasomь (instrumental singular)
užasomà (dual instrumental)
užasý (instrumental plural)
ȗžasě (locative singular)
užasù (dual locative)
užasě̃xъ (locative plural)
užase (singular vocative)
ȗžasa (dual vocative)
ȗžasi (plural vocative)
*užěsъ (alternative)
*užastь (alternative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: ужасъ (užasŭ), ужасть (užastĭ)

Russian: у́жас (úžas), ужасть (užastʹ) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: ужа́х (užáx) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: оужасъ (užasŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱆⰶⰰⱄⱏ (užasŭ)

Bulgarian: у́жас (úžas)

Macedonian: ужас (užas)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: у̏жа̄с

Latin script: ȕžās

West Slavic:

Czech: úžas

Old Slovak: úžas

Pannonian Rusyn: ужас (užas)

Slovak: úžas

Morphologically equivalent to *u- + *žasъ (“fright”).
Further etymology is problematic:
* On morphological basis, has been linked to the root of *gasiti (“to extinguish”), which however poses semantic problems.
* An alternative proposal suggests genetic relation to *gadъ (“creep, reptile”), presumably from pre-Slavic *u- + *gēd- + *-sъ.
* Possibly a borrowing from Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usgaisjan, “to frighten”), assumming that related non-prefixed forms are back-formations and that Gothic -𐌰𐌹- (-ai-) was rendered as Proto-Slavic *-ě- < *-ē- (rather than formally expected *-ai-).

der

→ horror, fright, dread (in South, East Slavic)

→ amazement, astonishment (in West Slavic)


smykati

smykanьje (noun-from-verb)
smykati (infinitive)
smykatъ (supine)
smykalъ (l-participle)
smykanъ (participle passive past)
smykajemъ (participle passive present)
smykavъ (active participle past)
smykaję (active participle present)
smykaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
smyka (aorist second-person singular)
smyka (aorist singular third-person)
smykajǫ (first-person present singular)
smykaješi (present second-person singular)
smykajetь (present singular third-person)
smykaxově (aorist dual first-person)
smykasta (aorist dual second-person)
smykaste (aorist dual third-person)
smykajevě (dual first-person present)
smykajeta (dual present second-person)
smykajete (dual present third-person)
smykaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
smykaste (aorist plural second-person)
smykašę (aorist plural third-person)
smykajemъ (first-person plural present)
smykajete (plural present second-person)
smykajǫtь (plural present third-person)
smykaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
smykaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
smykaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
smykaji (imperative second-person singular)
smykaji (imperative singular third-person)
smykaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
smykaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
smykaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
smykajivě (dual first-person imperative)
smykajita (dual imperative second-person)
smykaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
smykaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
smykaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
smykajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
smykajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: смꙑкати сѧ (smykati sę)

Russian: (dialectal) смы́кать (smýkatʹ)

Ukrainian: сми́кати (smýkaty), сми́катися (smýkatysja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: смꙑкати сѩ (smykati sję)

пресмыка́ться

→ Russian: пресмыка́ться (presmykátʹsja)

Slovene: smíkati se, mȋkam se

West Slavic:

Czech: smýkat

Polish: smykać się

⇒ Polish: smycz

Slovak: smýkať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: smykać

Lower Sorbian: smykaś

Cognate with
Lithuanian smùkti (“to slip down”) (smunkù), smaũkti (“to pull off”) (smaukiù), smaukýti,
Latvian šmukt (šmùku),
Old Norse smjúga, smuga (“narrow opening”), Middle High German smiegen, German schmiegen, Old English smúgan


stožěrъ

stožěrъ (nominative singular)
stožěra (dual nominative)
stožěri (nominative plural)
stožěra (genitive singular)
stožěru (dual genitive)
stožěrъ (genitive plural)
stožěru (dative singular)
stožěroma (dative dual)
stožěromъ (dative plural)
stožěrъ (accusative singular)
stožěra (accusative dual)
stožěry (accusative plural)
stožěrъmь (instrumental singular)
stožěromь (instrumental singular)
stožěroma (dual instrumental)
stožěry (instrumental plural)
stožěrě (locative singular)
stožěru (dual locative)
stožěrěxъ (locative plural)
stožěre (singular vocative)
stožěra (dual vocative)
stožěri (plural vocative)
*stožarъ (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: стожаръ (stožarŭ), стъжаръ (stŭžarŭ)

Old Ruthenian: стежаръ (stežar), щежеръ (ščežer)

Belarusian: стажа́р (stažár)

Ukrainian: сто́жар (stóžar)

Russian: стожа́р (stožár), стожа́рь (stožárʹ), стежер (stežer)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: стожѣръ (stožěrŭ), стежеръ (stežerŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱅⱁⰶⱑⱃⱏ (stožěrŭ)

Bulgarian: сто́жер (stóžer), сто́жар (stóžar), сте́жар (stéžar)

Macedonian: стожер (stožer), стежер (stežer)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сто̏же̄р

Latin script: stȍžēr

Slovene: stožér, stožêr, stežér

West Slavic:

Czech: stožár

Old Polish: ścieżeje

Slovak: stožiar

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: sćažor

Upper Sorbian: sćežor

From *stogъ (“stack”) + *-ěrъ. Most likely a descendant of Proto-Indo-European *stogʰ- > Ancient Greek στόχος (stókhos, “brick pillar”), Lithuanian stãgaras (“dry stalk”) convoluted with Proto-Indo-European *stegʷʰ- (“encircling”) > Ancient Greek στέφω (stéphō, “to encircle”). Vasmer points an origin from *(s)teg- (“to cover”) which also gave Proto-Germanic *stakô (“stake”), Latin toga. This derivation, however, conflicts with Winter's law. According to Trubachyov, the lemma and its derivatives ultimately come from *stojati (“to stand”).


pisьmo

pisьmo (nominative singular)
pisьmě (dual nominative)
pisьma (nominative plural)
pisьma (genitive singular)
pisьmu (dual genitive)
pisьmъ (genitive plural)
pisьmu (dative singular)
pisьmoma (dative dual)
pisьmomъ (dative plural)
pisьmo (accusative singular)
pisьmě (accusative dual)
pisьma (accusative plural)
pisьmъmь (instrumental singular)
pisьmomь (instrumental singular)
pisьmoma (dual instrumental)
pisьmy (instrumental plural)
pisьmě (locative singular)
pisьmu (dual locative)
pisьměxъ (locative plural)
pisьmo (singular vocative)
pisьmě (dual vocative)
pisьma (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: письмо (pisĭmo)

Belarusian: пісьмо́ (pisʹmó)

Russian: письмо́ (pisʹmó)

Carpathian Rusyn: письмо (pysʹmo)

Ukrainian: письмо́ (pysʹmó)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: писмѧ (pismę)

Bulgarian: писмо́ (pismó)

Macedonian: писмо (pismo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пи́смо

Latin script: písmo

Slovene: písmo (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: písmo

Czech: písmo

desctree

Old Polish: pismo
Polish: pismo
Silesian: pismo

Slovak: písmo

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: pismò

Slovincian: pjysmô

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pismo

Upper Sorbian: pismo

From *pis- + *-ьmo. Per Vasmer, normally compared with Lithuanian pieši̇̀mas (“drawing, daubing”) (< piẽšti + -imas).


kъrtiti

kъrťenьje (noun-from-verb)
kъrtiti (infinitive)
kъrtitъ (supine)
kъrtilъ (l-participle)
kъrťenъ (participle passive past)
kъrtimъ (participle passive present)
kъrťь (active participle past)
kъrtę (active participle present)
kъrtixъ (aorist first-person singular)
kъrti (aorist second-person singular)
kъrti (aorist singular third-person)
kъrťǫ (first-person present singular)
kъrtiši (present second-person singular)
kъrtitь (present singular third-person)
kъrtixově (aorist dual first-person)
kъrtista (aorist dual second-person)
kъrtiste (aorist dual third-person)
kъrtivě (dual first-person present)
kъrtita (dual present second-person)
kъrtite (dual present third-person)
kъrtixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kъrtiste (aorist plural second-person)
kъrtišę (aorist plural third-person)
kъrtimъ (first-person plural present)
kъrtite (plural present second-person)
kъrtętь (plural present third-person)
kъrťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kъrťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kъrťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kъrti (imperative second-person singular)
kъrti (imperative singular third-person)
kъrťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kъrťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kъrťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kъrtivě (dual first-person imperative)
kъrtita (dual imperative second-person)
kъrťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kъrťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kъrťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kъrtimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kъrtite (imperative plural second-person)
*kъrtěti (alternative)

East Slavic:

desc

Belarusian: карціць (karcicʹ, “to yearn for”)

Russian: кортеть (kortetʹ, “to yearn for”) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: корті́ти (kortíty, “to yearn for”)

→ Polish: korcić

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: къртити (kŭrtiti)

Bulgarian: къ́ртя (kǎ́rtja)

Macedonian: крти (krti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кртити (“to agonize”)

Latin script: krtiti

West Slavic:

Old Polish: karcić

Polish: karcić, (Middle Polish) karczyć

Upper Sorbian: korćić

Normally reconstructed as a denominal verb of *(s)ker- (“to cut”) + *-tós (per Trubachyov). Given that the same root also produced palatalized 0-grade lemmas in Balto-Slavic, e.g. *čьrtati (“to draw”), it is likely that the plain velar forms were influenced by *kʷer- (“to make, to build”). Cognates in Balto-Slavic include Lithuanian kùrti (“to build”), Latvian kurt (“to excite”). Outside of Balto-Slavic, the root is related to Proto-Germanic *skurtaz (“short”), Latin curtus (“shortened”) as a descendant of *(s)ker- and to Proto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥tás (“made”), Proto-Celtic *kʷritus (“form”) as a descendant of *kʷer-.


pręďa

pręďa (nominative singular)
pręďi (dual nominative)
pręďę̇ (nominative plural)
pręďę̇ (genitive singular)
pręďu (dual genitive)
pręďь (genitive plural)
pręďi (dative singular)
pręďama (dative dual)
pręďamъ (dative plural)
pręďǫ (accusative singular)
pręďi (accusative dual)
pręďę̇ (accusative plural)
pręďejǫ (instrumental singular)
pręďǫ (instrumental singular)
pręďama (dual instrumental)
pręďami (instrumental plural)
pręďi (locative singular)
pręďu (dual locative)
pręďasъ (locative plural)
pręďaxъ (locative plural)
pręďe (singular vocative)
pręďi (dual vocative)
pręďę̇ (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: прѧжда (pręžda)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: пра́жа (práža)

Russian: пря́жа (prjáža)

Ukrainian: пря́жа (prjáža)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: пре́жда (préžda)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пре̏ћа, пре̏ја

Slovene: prêja

West Slavic:

Czech: příze

Polish: przędza

Slovak: priadza

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: přaza

Lower Sorbian: pśěza


tьmьnъ

tьmь̀nъ (canonical)
tь̏mьnъ (canonical)
tьmьnъ (masculine nominative singular)
tьmьna (feminine nominative singular)
tьmьno (neuter nominative singular)
tьmьna (genitive masculine singular)
tьmьny (feminine genitive singular)
tьmьna (genitive neuter singular)
tьmьnu (dative masculine singular)
tьmьně (dative feminine singular)
tьmьnu (dative neuter singular)
tьmьnъ (accusative masculine singular)
tьmьnǫ (accusative feminine singular)
tьmьno (accusative neuter singular)
tьmьnomь (instrumental masculine singular)
tьmьnojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
tьmьnomь (instrumental neuter singular)
tьmьně (locative masculine singular)
tьmьně (feminine locative singular)
tьmьně (locative neuter singular)
tьmьne (masculine singular vocative)
tьmьno (feminine singular vocative)
tьmьno (neuter singular vocative)
tьmьna (dual masculine nominative)
tьmьně (dual feminine nominative)
tьmьně (dual neuter nominative)
tьmьnu (dual genitive masculine)
tьmьnu (dual feminine genitive)
tьmьnu (dual genitive neuter)
tьmьnoma (dative dual masculine)
tьmьnama (dative dual feminine)
tьmьnoma (dative dual neuter)
tьmьna (accusative dual masculine)
tьmьně (accusative dual feminine)
tьmьně (accusative dual neuter)
tьmьnoma (dual instrumental masculine)
tьmьnama (dual feminine instrumental)
tьmьnoma (dual instrumental neuter)
tьmьnu (dual locative masculine)
tьmьnu (dual feminine locative)
tьmьnu (dual locative neuter)
tьmьna (dual masculine vocative)
tьmьně (dual feminine vocative)
tьmьně (dual neuter vocative)
tьmьni (masculine nominative plural)
tьmьny (feminine nominative plural)
tьmьna (neuter nominative plural)
tьmьnъ (genitive masculine plural)
tьmьnъ (feminine genitive plural)
tьmьnъ (genitive neuter plural)
tьmьnomъ (dative masculine plural)
tьmьnamъ (dative feminine plural)
tьmьnomъ (dative neuter plural)
tьmьny (accusative masculine plural)
tьmьny (accusative feminine plural)
tьmьna (accusative neuter plural)
tьmьny (instrumental masculine plural)
tьmьnami (feminine instrumental plural)
tьmьny (instrumental neuter plural)
tьmьněxъ (locative masculine plural)
tьmьnaxъ (feminine locative plural)
tьmьněxъ (locative neuter plural)
tьmьni (masculine plural vocative)
tьmьny (feminine plural vocative)
tьmьna (neuter plural vocative)
tьmьnъjь (masculine nominative singular)
tьmьnaja (feminine nominative singular)
tьmьnoje (neuter nominative singular)
tьmьnajego (genitive masculine singular)
tьmьnyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
tьmьnajego (genitive neuter singular)
tьmьnujemu (dative masculine singular)
tьmьněji (dative feminine singular)
tьmьnujemu (dative neuter singular)
tьmьnъjь (accusative masculine singular)
tьmьnǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
tьmьnoje (accusative neuter singular)
tьmьnyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
tьmьnǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
tьmьnyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
tьmьnějemь (locative masculine singular)
tьmьněji (feminine locative singular)
tьmьnějemь (locative neuter singular)
tьmьnъjь (masculine singular vocative)
tьmьnaja (feminine singular vocative)
tьmьnoje (neuter singular vocative)
tьmьnaja (dual masculine nominative)
tьmьněji (dual feminine nominative)
tьmьněji (dual neuter nominative)
tьmьnuju (dual genitive masculine)
tьmьnuju (dual feminine genitive)
tьmьnuju (dual genitive neuter)
tьmьnyjima (dative dual masculine)
tьmьnyjima (dative dual feminine)
tьmьnyjima (dative dual neuter)
tьmьnaja (accusative dual masculine)
tьmьněji (accusative dual feminine)
tьmьněji (accusative dual neuter)
tьmьnyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
tьmьnyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
tьmьnyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
tьmьnuju (dual locative masculine)
tьmьnuju (dual feminine locative)
tьmьnuju (dual locative neuter)
tьmьnaja (dual masculine vocative)
tьmьněji (dual feminine vocative)
tьmьněji (dual neuter vocative)
tьmьniji (masculine nominative plural)
tьmьnyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
tьmьnaja (neuter nominative plural)
tьmьnъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
tьmьnъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
tьmьnъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
tьmьnyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
tьmьnyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
tьmьnyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
tьmьnyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
tьmьnyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
tьmьnaja (accusative neuter plural)
tьmьnyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
tьmьnyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
tьmьnyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
tьmьnyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
tьmьnyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
tьmьnyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
tьmьniji (masculine plural vocative)
tьmьnyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
tьmьnaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: тьмьнъ (tĭmĭnŭ)

Belarusian: цёмны (cjómny)

Russian: тёмный (tjómnyj)

Ukrainian: те́мний (témnyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: тьмьнъ (tĭmĭnŭ)

Bulgarian: тъ́мен (tǎ́men)

Macedonian: темен (temen)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: та́ма̄н, та̑ман

Latin script: támān, tȃman

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: tə̀mən, təmə̏n, təmȃn (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: temný

Czech: temný

desctree

Old Polish: ciemny
Polish: ciemny
Silesian: ciymny

Slovak: temný

Pannonian Rusyn: цемни (cemni)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: ćěmny

Lower Sorbian: śamny

From *tьma (“dark”) + *-ьnъ. Compare Irish temen (“dark”).


tьmьnica

tьmьnica (nominative singular)
tьmьnici (dual nominative)
tьmьnicę̇ (nominative plural)
tьmьnicę̇ (genitive singular)
tьmьnicu (dual genitive)
tьmьnicь (genitive plural)
tьmьnici (dative singular)
tьmьnicama (dative dual)
tьmьnicamъ (dative plural)
tьmьnicǫ (accusative singular)
tьmьnici (accusative dual)
tьmьnicę̇ (accusative plural)
tьmьnicejǫ (instrumental singular)
tьmьnicǫ (instrumental singular)
tьmьnicama (dual instrumental)
tьmьnicami (instrumental plural)
tьmьnici (locative singular)
tьmьnicu (dual locative)
tьmьnicasъ (locative plural)
tьmьnicaxъ (locative plural)
tьmьnice (singular vocative)
tьmьnici (dual vocative)
tьmьnicę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: тьмьница (tĭmĭnica)

Belarusian: цямні́ца (cjamníca)

Russian: темни́ца (temníca)

Ukrainian: темни́ця (temnýcja)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: тьмьница (tĭmĭnica)

Bulgarian: тъмни́ца (tǎmníca)

Macedonian: темница (temnica)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: та̀мница

Latin script: tàmnica

Slovene: temnica

West Slavic:

Old Czech: temnicě

Czech: temnice

Polish: ciemnica

Slovak: temnica

Pannonian Rusyn: цемнїца (cemnjica)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: ćěmnica

Lower Sorbian: śamnica

Other:

→ Middle Low German: temenitze (“prison, jail”)

→ Romanian: temniță (“prison, jail”)

→ Sathmar Swabian: Temitz (“prison”)

From substantivized *tьmьnъ (“dark”) + *-ica, from *tьma (“dark”) + *-ьnъ.


klinъ

klìnъ (canonical masculine)
klìnъ (nominative singular)
klìna (dual nominative)
klìni (nominative plural)
klìna (genitive singular)
klìnu (dual genitive)
klìnъ (genitive plural)
klìnu (dative singular)
klìnoma (dative dual)
klìnomъ (dative plural)
klìnъ (accusative singular)
klìna (accusative dual)
klìny (accusative plural)
klìnъmь (instrumental singular)
klìnomь (instrumental singular)
klìnoma (dual instrumental)
klìnȳ (instrumental plural)
klìně (locative singular)
klìnu (dual locative)
klìně̄xъ (locative plural)
klìne (singular vocative)
klìna (dual vocative)
klìni (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: клинъ (klinŭ)

Old Ruthenian: клинъ (klin)

Belarusian: клин (klin)

Ukrainian: клин (klyn)

Russian: клин (klin)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: клинъ (klinŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰽⰾⰻⱀⱏ (klinŭ)

Bulgarian: клин (klin)

Macedonian: клин (klin)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кли̏н

Latin script: klȉn

Slovene: klȉn, klȋn (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: klín

Czech: klín

Bohemian (Chod dialect): klín

Old Polish: klin
Polish: klin

Slovak: klin

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: klin

Lower Sorbian: klin


klǫbъ

klǫbъ (nominative singular)
klǫba (dual nominative)
klǫbi (nominative plural)
klǫba (genitive singular)
klǫbu (dual genitive)
klǫbъ (genitive plural)
klǫbu (dative singular)
klǫboma (dative dual)
klǫbomъ (dative plural)
klǫbъ (accusative singular)
klǫba (accusative dual)
klǫby (accusative plural)
klǫbъmь (instrumental singular)
klǫbomь (instrumental singular)
klǫboma (dual instrumental)
klǫby (instrumental plural)
klǫbě (locative singular)
klǫbu (dual locative)
klǫběxъ (locative plural)
klǫbe (singular vocative)
klǫba (dual vocative)
klǫbi (plural vocative)
*klǫbo (alternative)
*kъlǫbъ (alternative)
*kъlǫbo (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: клубъ (klubŭ)

Belarusian: клуб (klub)

Russian: клуб (klub)

Ukrainian: клуб (klub)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: клѫбо (klǫbo), клѫбъ (klǫbŭ)

Bulgarian: кълбо́ (kǎlbó), клъбо́ (klǎbó), клъ́мбо (klǎ́mbo) (dialectal)

⇒ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: клу̏пко

Latin script: klupko

⇒ Slovene: klȏbko (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: kłąb

Old Czech: klúb

Czech: kloub

→ Old Polish: klub, kłub

Old Polish: kłąb

Polish: kłąb

⇒ Silesian: kłymbko

⇒ Polabian: klǫbăk

Slovak: kĺb

Sorbian:

⇒ Upper Sorbian: kłubk

Lower Sorbian: kłub


tъščь

tъ̀ščь (canonical)
tъščь (masculine nominative singular)
tъšča (feminine nominative singular)
tъšče (neuter nominative singular)
tъšča (genitive masculine singular)
tъščę̇ (feminine genitive singular)
tъšča (genitive neuter singular)
tъšču (dative masculine singular)
tъšči (dative feminine singular)
tъšču (dative neuter singular)
tъščь (accusative masculine singular)
tъščǫ (accusative feminine singular)
tъšče (accusative neuter singular)
tъščemь (instrumental masculine singular)
tъščejǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
tъščemь (instrumental neuter singular)
tъšči (locative masculine singular)
tъšči (feminine locative singular)
tъšči (locative neuter singular)
tъšču (masculine singular vocative)
tъšče (feminine singular vocative)
tъšče (neuter singular vocative)
tъšča (dual masculine nominative)
tъšči (dual feminine nominative)
tъšči (dual neuter nominative)
tъšču (dual genitive masculine)
tъšču (dual feminine genitive)
tъšču (dual genitive neuter)
tъščema (dative dual masculine)
tъščama (dative dual feminine)
tъščema (dative dual neuter)
tъšča (accusative dual masculine)
tъšči (accusative dual feminine)
tъšči (accusative dual neuter)
tъščema (dual instrumental masculine)
tъščama (dual feminine instrumental)
tъščema (dual instrumental neuter)
tъšču (dual locative masculine)
tъšču (dual feminine locative)
tъšču (dual locative neuter)
tъšča (dual masculine vocative)
tъšči (dual feminine vocative)
tъšči (dual neuter vocative)
tъšči (masculine nominative plural)
tъščę̇ (feminine nominative plural)
tъšča (neuter nominative plural)
tъščь (genitive masculine plural)
tъščь (feminine genitive plural)
tъščь (genitive neuter plural)
tъščemъ (dative masculine plural)
tъščamъ (dative feminine plural)
tъščemъ (dative neuter plural)
tъščę̇ (accusative masculine plural)
tъščę̇ (accusative feminine plural)
tъšča (accusative neuter plural)
tъšči (instrumental masculine plural)
tъščami (feminine instrumental plural)
tъšči (instrumental neuter plural)
tъščixъ (locative masculine plural)
tъščaxъ (feminine locative plural)
tъščixъ (locative neuter plural)
tъšči (masculine plural vocative)
tъščę̇ (feminine plural vocative)
tъšča (neuter plural vocative)
tъščьjь (masculine nominative singular)
tъščaja (feminine nominative singular)
tъščeje (neuter nominative singular)
tъščajego (genitive masculine singular)
tъščę̇ję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
tъščajego (genitive neuter singular)
tъščujemu (dative masculine singular)
tъščiji (dative feminine singular)
tъščujemu (dative neuter singular)
tъščьjь (accusative masculine singular)
tъščǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
tъščeje (accusative neuter singular)
tъščijimь (instrumental masculine singular)
tъščǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
tъščijimь (instrumental neuter singular)
tъščijemь (locative masculine singular)
tъščiji (feminine locative singular)
tъščijemь (locative neuter singular)
tъščьjь (masculine singular vocative)
tъščaja (feminine singular vocative)
tъščeje (neuter singular vocative)
tъščaja (dual masculine nominative)
tъščiji (dual feminine nominative)
tъščiji (dual neuter nominative)
tъščuju (dual genitive masculine)
tъščuju (dual feminine genitive)
tъščuju (dual genitive neuter)
tъščijima (dative dual masculine)
tъščijima (dative dual feminine)
tъščijima (dative dual neuter)
tъščaja (accusative dual masculine)
tъščiji (accusative dual feminine)
tъščiji (accusative dual neuter)
tъščijima (dual instrumental masculine)
tъščijima (dual feminine instrumental)
tъščijima (dual instrumental neuter)
tъščuju (dual locative masculine)
tъščuju (dual feminine locative)
tъščuju (dual locative neuter)
tъščaja (dual masculine vocative)
tъščiji (dual feminine vocative)
tъščiji (dual neuter vocative)
tъščiji (masculine nominative plural)
tъščę̇ję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
tъščaja (neuter nominative plural)
tъščьjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
tъščьjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
tъščьjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
tъščijimъ (dative masculine plural)
tъščijimъ (dative feminine plural)
tъščijimъ (dative neuter plural)
tъščę̇ję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
tъščę̇ję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
tъščaja (accusative neuter plural)
tъščijimi (instrumental masculine plural)
tъščijimi (feminine instrumental plural)
tъščijimi (instrumental neuter plural)
tъščijixъ (locative masculine plural)
tъščijixъ (feminine locative plural)
tъščijixъ (locative neuter plural)
tъščiji (masculine plural vocative)
tъščę̇ję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
tъščaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: то́щий (tóščij)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: тъщь (tŭštĭ), тъшть (tŭštĭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: та̏шт

Latin script: tȁšt

Slovene: tə̀šč (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: tščí

desctree

Old Polish: czczy, tszczy
Polish: czczy, tszczy (Chełmno)
→ Belarusian: тшчы (tščy)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tuskjas, from *tews- (“to be empty”). Cognate with Latvian tukšs, Lithuanian tùščias, Proto-Indo-Iranian *tusćyás (whence Vedic Sanskrit तुच्छ्य (tucchyá), Persian تهی (tohi)). Vasmer points an origin from proto-Indo-European *tweskʷ- (“desert”), which may be just an enlargement of *tews-. From this root is Latin tesqua.

tъščeslavьje

vanity; late invention in Church Slavonic


tъščeta

tъščeta (nominative singular)
tъščetě (dual nominative)
tъščety (nominative plural)
tъščety (genitive singular)
tъščetu (dual genitive)
tъščetъ (genitive plural)
tъščetě (dative singular)
tъščetama (dative dual)
tъščetamъ (dative plural)
tъščetǫ (accusative singular)
tъščetě (accusative dual)
tъščety (accusative plural)
tъščetojǫ (instrumental singular)
tъščetǫ (instrumental singular)
tъščetama (dual instrumental)
tъščetami (instrumental plural)
tъščetě (locative singular)
tъščetu (dual locative)
tъščetasъ (locative plural)
tъščetaxъ (locative plural)
tъščeto (singular vocative)
tъščetě (dual vocative)
tъščety (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: тщета́ (tščetá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⱅⱏⱎⱅⰵⱅⰰ (tŭšteta)

Old Cyrillic script: тъштета (tŭšteta)

Bulgarian: щета́ (štetá)

Macedonian: штета (šteta)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ште̏та

Latin script: štȅta

West Slavic:


skoba

skobà (canonical feminine)
skobà (nominative singular)
skȍbě (dual nominative)
skȍby (nominative plural)
skobý (genitive singular)
skobù (dual genitive)
skòbъ (genitive plural)
skobě̀ (dative singular)
skobàma (dative dual)
skobàmъ (dative plural)
skȍbǫ (accusative singular)
skȍbě (accusative dual)
skȍby (accusative plural)
skobojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
skobàma (dual instrumental)
skobàmi (instrumental plural)
skȍbě (locative singular)
skobù (dual locative)
skobàsъ (locative plural)
skobàxъ (locative plural)
skobo (singular vocative)
skȍbě (dual vocative)
skȍby (plural vocative)

Old East Slavic: скоба (skoba)

Belarusian: скаба́ (skabá)

Russian: скоба́ (skobá)
→ Polish: skoba

Ukrainian: ско́ба (skóba), dial. скоба́ (skobá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: скоба (skoba)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⰽⱁⰱⰰ (skoba)

Bulgarian: ско́ба (skóba)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ско̏ба

Latin script: skȍba

Slovene: skȯ́bа (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: skoba

Slovak: skoba

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: scoabă (“crampon”)

→ Hungarian: eszkába

Main proposals:
* Meillet, Leskien: Related to dialectal Russian ко́бень (kóbenʹ, “hook”), Lithuanian sánkaba/sùkaba (“clasp”), kabė (“clasp”), kablỹs (“hook”) (from Lithuanian kabėti (“to hang”)), Latvian kablis (“hook”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kebʰ- (“to hook, to hold, to fasten”). Further akin to Sanskrit स्कम्भ (skambhá, “pole”) (with nasal infix).
* Miklošič, Uhlenbeck: From Proto-Indo-European *(s)keb- (“to shape”), *(s)kemb- (“to bend”), related to Proto-Germanic *skapą (“shape”), *humpaz (“hump”), Latin scamnum (“bench”), Ancient Greek κόμβος (kómbos, “node”), Proto-Celtic *kambos (“twisted, crooked”), possibly Proto-Germanic *skup- (“barn, shop”).
* Less likely from Proto-Indo-European *skabʰ- (“to scratch, to carve”), related to Proto-Slavic *skobľь, *skobľa (“cutting tool, scraper”), Lithuanian skabýti (“to delve”). Further related to Ancient Greek σκᾰ́φος (skắphos, “hull of a ship”), σκάφη (skáphē, “bowl, tube”), Latin scobis (“wood chip”). Compare dialectal Bulgarian ско́ба (skóba, “wide chisel”), Romanian scoabă (“adze”) (a Slavic borrowing).


stьrbnǫti

stьrbenьje (noun-from-verb)
stьrbnǫti (infinitive)
stьrbnǫtъ (supine)
stьrblъ (l-participle)
stьrbenъ (participle passive past)
stьrbnomъ (participle passive present)
stьrbъ (active participle past)
stьrbny (active participle present)
stьrbъ (aorist first-person singular)
stьrboxъ (aorist first-person singular)
stьrbe (aorist second-person singular)
stьrbe (aorist singular third-person)
stьrbnǫ (first-person present singular)
stьrbneši (present second-person singular)
stьrbnetь (present singular third-person)
stьrbově (aorist dual first-person)
stьrboxově (aorist dual first-person)
stьrbeta (aorist dual second-person)
stьrbosta (aorist dual second-person)
stьrbete (aorist dual third-person)
stьrboste (aorist dual third-person)
stьrbnevě (dual first-person present)
stьrbneta (dual present second-person)
stьrbnete (dual present third-person)
stьrbomъ (aorist first-person plural)
stьrboxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
stьrbete (aorist plural second-person)
stьrboste (aorist plural second-person)
stьrbǫ (aorist plural third-person)
stьrbošę (aorist plural third-person)
stьrbnemъ (first-person plural present)
stьrbnete (plural present second-person)
stьrbnǫtь (plural present third-person)
stьrbněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
stьrbněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
stьrbněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
stьrbni (imperative second-person singular)
stьrbni (imperative singular third-person)
stьrbněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
stьrbněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
stьrbněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
stьrbněvě (dual first-person imperative)
stьrbněta (dual imperative second-person)
stьrbněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
stьrbněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
stьrbněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
stьrbněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
stьrbněte (imperative plural second-person)

Church Slavonic: стръблъ (strŭblŭ)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: *стьрбнути (*stĭrbnuti)

Russian: сте́рбнуть (stérbnutʹ)

Ukrainian: *стербнути (*sterbnuty)

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sterbʰ-.
Cognate with
Proto-Germanic *sterbaną (> Old High German stërban),
Ancient Greek στέρφος (stérphos),
also
Lithuanian tar̃pti, tarpstù.


storbiti

storbľenьje (noun-from-verb)
storbiti (infinitive)
storbitъ (supine)
storbilъ (l-participle)
storbľenъ (participle passive past)
storbimъ (participle passive present)
storbľь (active participle past)
storbę (active participle present)
storbixъ (aorist first-person singular)
storbi (aorist second-person singular)
storbi (aorist singular third-person)
storbľǫ (first-person present singular)
storbiši (present second-person singular)
storbitь (present singular third-person)
storbixově (aorist dual first-person)
storbista (aorist dual second-person)
storbiste (aorist dual third-person)
storbivě (dual first-person present)
storbita (dual present second-person)
storbite (dual present third-person)
storbixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
storbiste (aorist plural second-person)
storbišę (aorist plural third-person)
storbimъ (first-person plural present)
storbite (plural present second-person)
storbętь (plural present third-person)
storbľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
storbľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
storbľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
storbi (imperative second-person singular)
storbi (imperative singular third-person)
storbľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
storbľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
storbľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
storbivě (dual first-person imperative)
storbita (dual imperative second-person)
storbľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
storbľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
storbľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
storbimъ (first-person imperative plural)
storbite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

устороби́ться

Russian: устороби́ться (ustorobítʹsja) (prefixed with *u-) (obsolete)

осторобитися

Ukrainian: осторобитися (ostorobytysja, “to frighten”) (prefixed with *ob-)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: страбити (strabiti, “to relieve (pain, discomfort)”)

Serbo-Croatian:

острабити се

Cyrillic script: острабити се (“to heal”) (prefixed with *ob-)

West Slavic:

Old Polish: postrobić (“to strenghten”) (prefixed with *po-)


sǫsědъ

sǫsědъ (nominative singular)
sǫsěda (dual nominative)
sǫsědi (nominative plural)
sǫsěda (genitive singular)
sǫsědu (dual genitive)
sǫsědъ (genitive plural)
sǫsědu (dative singular)
sǫsědoma (dative dual)
sǫsědomъ (dative plural)
sǫsědъ (accusative singular)
sǫsěda (accusative dual)
sǫsědy (accusative plural)
sǫsědъmь (instrumental singular)
sǫsědomь (instrumental singular)
sǫsědoma (dual instrumental)
sǫsědy (instrumental plural)
sǫsědě (locative singular)
sǫsědu (dual locative)
sǫsěděxъ (locative plural)
sǫsěde (singular vocative)
sǫsěda (dual vocative)
sǫsědi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сѫсѣдъ (sǫsědŭ), сусѣдъ (susědŭ)

Old Ruthenian: сусѣдъ (susěd), сусидъ (susid)

Belarusian: сусе́д (susjéd)

Carpathian Rusyn: сусїд (susjid)

Ukrainian: сусі́д (susíd)

Russian: сусе́д (suséd), сосе́д (soséd)

→ Veps: sused

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: сѫсѣдъ (sǫsědŭ)

→ Hungarian: szomszéd

Bulgarian: съсе́д (sǎséd)

Macedonian: сосед (sosed)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: су́сед, су́сјед

Latin: súsed, súsjed

Slovene: sôsed, sósed

West Slavic:

Old Czech: súsěd

Czech: soused

Moravian (Mistřice): súsed

Kashubian: sąsôd

Polish: sąsiad

Silesian: sōmsiŏd

Slovak: sused

Pannonian Rusyn: сушед (sušed)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: susod

Lower Sorbian: sused

From *sǫ- (“together”) + *sъsěsti (“to sit together, next to each other”) or *sěsti (“to sit”).


svěžь

svěžь (masculine nominative singular)
svěža (feminine nominative singular)
svěže (neuter nominative singular)
svěža (genitive masculine singular)
svěžę̇ (feminine genitive singular)
svěža (genitive neuter singular)
svěžu (dative masculine singular)
svěži (dative feminine singular)
svěžu (dative neuter singular)
svěžь (accusative masculine singular)
svěžǫ (accusative feminine singular)
svěže (accusative neuter singular)
svěžemь (instrumental masculine singular)
svěžejǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
svěžemь (instrumental neuter singular)
svěži (locative masculine singular)
svěži (feminine locative singular)
svěži (locative neuter singular)
svěžu (masculine singular vocative)
svěže (feminine singular vocative)
svěže (neuter singular vocative)
svěža (dual masculine nominative)
svěži (dual feminine nominative)
svěži (dual neuter nominative)
svěžu (dual genitive masculine)
svěžu (dual feminine genitive)
svěžu (dual genitive neuter)
svěžema (dative dual masculine)
svěžama (dative dual feminine)
svěžema (dative dual neuter)
svěža (accusative dual masculine)
svěži (accusative dual feminine)
svěži (accusative dual neuter)
svěžema (dual instrumental masculine)
svěžama (dual feminine instrumental)
svěžema (dual instrumental neuter)
svěžu (dual locative masculine)
svěžu (dual feminine locative)
svěžu (dual locative neuter)
svěža (dual masculine vocative)
svěži (dual feminine vocative)
svěži (dual neuter vocative)
svěži (masculine nominative plural)
svěžę̇ (feminine nominative plural)
svěža (neuter nominative plural)
svěžь (genitive masculine plural)
svěžь (feminine genitive plural)
svěžь (genitive neuter plural)
svěžemъ (dative masculine plural)
svěžamъ (dative feminine plural)
svěžemъ (dative neuter plural)
svěžę̇ (accusative masculine plural)
svěžę̇ (accusative feminine plural)
svěža (accusative neuter plural)
svěži (instrumental masculine plural)
svěžami (feminine instrumental plural)
svěži (instrumental neuter plural)
svěžixъ (locative masculine plural)
svěžaxъ (feminine locative plural)
svěžixъ (locative neuter plural)
svěži (masculine plural vocative)
svěžę̇ (feminine plural vocative)
svěža (neuter plural vocative)
svěžьjь (masculine nominative singular)
svěžaja (feminine nominative singular)
svěžeje (neuter nominative singular)
svěžajego (genitive masculine singular)
svěžę̇ję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
svěžajego (genitive neuter singular)
svěžujemu (dative masculine singular)
svěžiji (dative feminine singular)
svěžujemu (dative neuter singular)
svěžьjь (accusative masculine singular)
svěžǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
svěžeje (accusative neuter singular)
svěžijimь (instrumental masculine singular)
svěžǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
svěžijimь (instrumental neuter singular)
svěžijemь (locative masculine singular)
svěžiji (feminine locative singular)
svěžijemь (locative neuter singular)
svěžьjь (masculine singular vocative)
svěžaja (feminine singular vocative)
svěžeje (neuter singular vocative)
svěžaja (dual masculine nominative)
svěžiji (dual feminine nominative)
svěžiji (dual neuter nominative)
svěžuju (dual genitive masculine)
svěžuju (dual feminine genitive)
svěžuju (dual genitive neuter)
svěžijima (dative dual masculine)
svěžijima (dative dual feminine)
svěžijima (dative dual neuter)
svěžaja (accusative dual masculine)
svěžiji (accusative dual feminine)
svěžiji (accusative dual neuter)
svěžijima (dual instrumental masculine)
svěžijima (dual feminine instrumental)
svěžijima (dual instrumental neuter)
svěžuju (dual locative masculine)
svěžuju (dual feminine locative)
svěžuju (dual locative neuter)
svěžaja (dual masculine vocative)
svěžiji (dual feminine vocative)
svěžiji (dual neuter vocative)
svěžiji (masculine nominative plural)
svěžę̇ję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
svěžaja (neuter nominative plural)
svěžьjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
svěžьjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
svěžьjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
svěžijimъ (dative masculine plural)
svěžijimъ (dative feminine plural)
svěžijimъ (dative neuter plural)
svěžę̇ję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
svěžę̇ję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
svěžaja (accusative neuter plural)
svěžijimi (instrumental masculine plural)
svěžijimi (feminine instrumental plural)
svěžijimi (instrumental neuter plural)
svěžijixъ (locative masculine plural)
svěžijixъ (feminine locative plural)
svěžijixъ (locative neuter plural)
svěžiji (masculine plural vocative)
svěžę̇ję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
svěžaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: свѣжь (svěžĭ)

desc

Old Ruthenian: свѣжїй (svěžij), свѣжый (svěžyj)

Belarusian: све́жы (svjéžy)

Ukrainian: сві́жий (svížyj)

Russian: све́жий (svéžij)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: свеж (svež)

Macedonian: свеж (svež)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: све̏ж (Ekavian), свје̏ж (Ijekavian)

Latin: svȅž (Ekavian), svjȅž (Ijekavian)

Slovene: svẹ̑ž (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: svěží

Old Polish: świeży

Polish: świeży

Silesian: świyży

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: swiéżi

Slovak: svieži

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian:

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *swaigis.
Unclear: ě (< long monophthong [ě₁] or diphthong [ě₂]), ž (< g or z).
* Compare Latin vigeō (ě₂?+z) and possibly Latin vegeō (< *weǵ-, ě₁+z)
* Compare Lithuanian svei̇̃kas (“healthy”) or/and Latvian svaigs (ě₂+g) or/and Lithuanian šviežias (although it could be a Slavic borrowing) or/and Old Norse sykn (“innocent”), Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌺𐌽𐍃 (swikns).
* Compare Irish féig (“sharp”) or Albanian vogëlë or Lithuanian sviegas or Russian свига́ть (svigátʹ) (ě₂+g).