sočiti

sočìti (canonical)
b (accent-paradigm)
sočenьje (noun-from-verb)
sočiti (infinitive)
sočitъ (supine)
sočilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
sočenъ (participle passive past)
sočimъ (participle passive present)
sočь (active participle past)
sočę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
sočixъ (aorist first-person singular)
soči (aorist second-person singular)
soči (aorist singular third-person)
sočǫ (first-person present singular)
sočiši (present second-person singular)
sočitь (present singular third-person)
sočixově (aorist dual first-person)
sočista (aorist dual second-person)
sočiste (aorist dual third-person)
sočivě (dual first-person present)
sočita (dual present second-person)
sočite (dual present third-person)
sočixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sočiste (aorist plural second-person)
sočišę (aorist plural third-person)
sočimъ (first-person plural present)
sočite (plural present second-person)
sočętь (plural present third-person)
sočaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sočaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sočaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
soči (imperative second-person singular)
soči (imperative singular third-person)
sočaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sočaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sočaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sočivě (dual first-person imperative)
sočita (dual imperative second-person)
sočaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sočaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sočaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sočimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sočite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сочити (sočiti)

Belarusian: сачы́ць (sačýcʹ)

Russian: сочи́ть (sočítʹ) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: сочи́ти (sočýty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: со́ча (sóča)

Macedonian: сочи (soči)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: со̀чити

Latin script: sòčiti

Serbian Church Slavonic: сочити (sočiti)

West Slavic:

Old Polish: soczyć

Old Czech: sočiti

Czech: sočit (“to bear a grudge”)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sákīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *sokʷéyeti, from the root *sekʷ- (“say”).


snovati

snovàti (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
snovanьje (noun-from-verb)
snovati (infinitive)
snovatъ (supine)
snovalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
snovanъ (participle passive past)
snujemъ (participle passive present)
snovavъ (active participle past)
snuję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
snovaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
snova (aorist second-person singular)
snova (aorist singular third-person)
snujǫ (first-person present singular)
snuješi (present second-person singular)
snujetь (present singular third-person)
snovaxově (aorist dual first-person)
snovasta (aorist dual second-person)
snovaste (aorist dual third-person)
snujevě (dual first-person present)
snujeta (dual present second-person)
snujete (dual present third-person)
snovaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
snovaste (aorist plural second-person)
snovašę (aorist plural third-person)
snujemъ (first-person plural present)
snujete (plural present second-person)
snujǫtь (plural present third-person)
snovaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
snovaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
snovaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
snuji (imperative second-person singular)
snuji (imperative singular third-person)
snovaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
snovaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
snovaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
snujivě (dual first-person imperative)
snujita (dual imperative second-person)
snovaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
snovaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
snovaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
snujimъ (first-person imperative plural)
snujite (imperative plural second-person)


snuti

snùti (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
snutьje (noun-from-verb)
snuti (infinitive)
snutъ (supine)
snulъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
snutъ (participle passive past)
snovomъ (participle passive present)
snuvъ (active participle past)
snovy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
snuxъ (aorist first-person singular)
snu (aorist second-person singular)
snu (aorist singular third-person)
snovǫ (first-person present singular)
snoveši (present second-person singular)
snovetь (present singular third-person)
snuxově (aorist dual first-person)
snusta (aorist dual second-person)
snuste (aorist dual third-person)
snovevě (dual first-person present)
snoveta (dual present second-person)
snovete (dual present third-person)
snuxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
snuste (aorist plural second-person)
snušę (aorist plural third-person)
snovemъ (first-person plural present)
snovete (plural present second-person)
snovǫtь (plural present third-person)
snověaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
snověaše (imperfect second-person singular)
snověaše (imperfect singular third-person)
snovi (imperative second-person singular)
snovi (imperative singular third-person)
snověaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
snověašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
snověašete (dual imperfect third-person)
snověvě (dual first-person imperative)
snověta (dual imperative second-person)
snověaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
snověašete (imperfect plural second-person)
snověaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
snověmъ (first-person imperative plural)
snověte (imperative plural second-person)
*snovàti (alternative)

Church Slavonic: сноути (snuti) (Russian)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сновати (snovati)

Belarusian: снава́ць (snavácʹ)

Russian: снова́ть (snovátʹ)

desc

Ukrainian: снува́ти (snuváty), снова́ти (snováty), сну́ти (snúty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: снова́ (snová)

Macedonian: снове (snove)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сно̀вати

Latin script: snòvati

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: snúti, snováti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: snúti

Czech: snout, snovat

Kashubian: snëc, snovac

Old Polish: snować
Polish: snuć

Slovak: snovať, snuť

Pannonian Rusyn: сновац (snovac)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: snować

Lower Sorbian: snowaś, snuś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *snauˀ-, from Proto-Indo-European *snewH-. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *snewaną (whence Gothic 𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽 (sniwan, “to hurry”), Old Norse snúa (“to wind, to twist, to warp”)) and akin to Latvian snaujis (“noose”).


sęknǫti

sęčenьje (noun-from-verb)
sęknǫti (infinitive)
sęknǫtъ (supine)
sęklъ (l-participle)
sęčenъ (participle passive past)
sęknomъ (participle passive present)
sękъ (active participle past)
sękny (active participle present)
sękъ (aorist first-person singular)
sękoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sęče (aorist second-person singular)
sęče (aorist singular third-person)
sęknǫ (first-person present singular)
sękneši (present second-person singular)
sęknetь (present singular third-person)
sękově (aorist dual first-person)
sękoxově (aorist dual first-person)
sęketa (aorist dual second-person)
sękosta (aorist dual second-person)
sękete (aorist dual third-person)
sękoste (aorist dual third-person)
sęknevě (dual first-person present)
sękneta (dual present second-person)
sęknete (dual present third-person)
sękomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sękoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sękete (aorist plural second-person)
sękoste (aorist plural second-person)
sękǫ (aorist plural third-person)
sękošę (aorist plural third-person)
sęknemъ (first-person plural present)
sęknete (plural present second-person)
sęknǫtь (plural present third-person)
sękněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sękněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sękněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sękni (imperative second-person singular)
sękni (imperative singular third-person)
sękněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sękněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sękněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sękněvě (dual first-person imperative)
sękněta (dual imperative second-person)
sękněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sękněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sękněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sękněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
sękněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: исикнꙋти (isiknuti, “to dry out”) (literary)

Russian: ся́кнуть (sjáknutʹ), исся́кнуть (issjáknutʹ, “to dry out”)

Ukrainian: сякну́ти (sjaknúty, “to blow (one's nose)”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: исѧкнѫти (isęknǫti, “to dry out”), 1sg. исѧкнѫ (isęknǫ)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: се́кна (sékna, “to stop, to fade away”)

Macedonian: секне (sekne, “to blow (one's nose)”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: усе́кнути

Latin script: uséknuti

West Slavic:

Czech: sáknout (“to ooze, to trickle, to wet”)

Polish: siąknąć, wsiąknąć, sięknąć (“to dry out, to soak in, to blow (one's nose)”)

Slovak: siaknuť (“to sniff, to blow (one's nose)”)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: saknyć (“to dry out, to dry up”)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sek-, *senk-, from Proto-Indo-European *sek-. Cognate with Lithuanian sèkti (“to subside (of water), to diminish (of strength)”) (1sg. senkù), Latvian sîkt (“to dry out”) (1sg. sîku), Sanskrit सश्चसि (saścasi, “dry out”, 2sg. imper. act.), असक्र (ásakra, “unquenchable”), Homeric Ancient Greek ἔσκετο φωνή (ésketo phōnḗ, “his voice broke down”). Vasmer adds Old Irish sesc (“dry, barren, not giving milk”), Welsh hysb (“dry”), Old English sīhte (“squishy”).


sęťi

sęženьje (noun-from-verb)
sęťi (infinitive)
sęťь (supine)
sęglъ (l-participle)
sęženъ (participle passive past)
sęgomъ (participle passive present)
sęgъ (active participle past)
sęgy (active participle present)
sęgъ (aorist first-person singular)
sęgoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sęže (aorist second-person singular)
sęže (aorist singular third-person)
sęgǫ (first-person present singular)
sęžeši (present second-person singular)
sęžetь (present singular third-person)
sęgově (aorist dual first-person)
sęgoxově (aorist dual first-person)
sęgeta (aorist dual second-person)
sęgosta (aorist dual second-person)
sęgete (aorist dual third-person)
sęgoste (aorist dual third-person)
sęževě (dual first-person present)
sęžeta (dual present second-person)
sęžete (dual present third-person)
sęgomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sęgoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sęgete (aorist plural second-person)
sęgoste (aorist plural second-person)
sęgǫ (aorist plural third-person)
sęgošę (aorist plural third-person)
sęžemъ (first-person plural present)
sęžete (plural present second-person)
sęgǫtь (plural present third-person)
sęžaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sęžaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sęžaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sędzi (imperative second-person singular)
sędzi (imperative singular third-person)
sęžaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sęžaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sęžaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sędzěvě (dual first-person imperative)
sędzěta (dual imperative second-person)
sęžaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sęžaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sęžaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sędzěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
sędzěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: досꙗчи (dosjači), досꙗщи (dosjašti) (Russian)

Ukrainian: сягти́ (sjahtý) (colloquial)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сѧщи (sęšti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: се́зати

Latin script: sézati

Slovene: sẹ́či (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sieci

Czech: dosíci (archaic or literary)

Old Polish: siąc

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sēˀg-, *senˀg-, from Proto-Indo-European *seg-, *seng-. Cognate with Lithuanian sègti (“to fasten, to pin”) (1sg. segù, 1sg. past segiaũ), Latvian segt (“to cover”) (1sg. sȩdzu), Sanskrit सजति (sájati, “to adhere to”), causative सञ्जयति (sañjayati), Old Persian [script needed] (frahanǰati, “to hang”), Old Irish suanem (“rope”) < *sogn-.


sęgnǫti

sę̄gnǫ̀ti (canonical)
sęženьje (noun-from-verb)
sęgnǫti (infinitive)
sęgnǫtъ (supine)
sęglъ (l-participle)
sęženъ (participle passive past)
sęgnomъ (participle passive present)
sęgъ (active participle past)
sęgny (active participle present)
sęgъ (aorist first-person singular)
sęgoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sęže (aorist second-person singular)
sęže (aorist singular third-person)
sęgnǫ (first-person present singular)
sęgneši (present second-person singular)
sęgnetь (present singular third-person)
sęgově (aorist dual first-person)
sęgoxově (aorist dual first-person)
sęgeta (aorist dual second-person)
sęgosta (aorist dual second-person)
sęgete (aorist dual third-person)
sęgoste (aorist dual third-person)
sęgnevě (dual first-person present)
sęgneta (dual present second-person)
sęgnete (dual present third-person)
sęgomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sęgoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sęgete (aorist plural second-person)
sęgoste (aorist plural second-person)
sęgǫ (aorist plural third-person)
sęgošę (aorist plural third-person)
sęgnemъ (first-person plural present)
sęgnete (plural present second-person)
sęgnǫtь (plural present third-person)
sęgněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sęgněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sęgněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sęgni (imperative second-person singular)
sęgni (imperative singular third-person)
sęgněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sęgněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sęgněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sęgněvě (dual first-person imperative)
sęgněta (dual imperative second-person)
sęgněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sęgněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sęgněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sęgněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
sęgněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Belarusian: сягну́ць (sjahnúcʹ, “to reach”)

Russian: сягну́ть (sjagnútʹ, “to reach for, to attain”) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: сягну́ти (sjahnúty, “to reach, to grasp”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: присѧгнѫти (prisęgnǫti, “to touch”), other prefixed verbs

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: се́гна (ségna, “to extend a hand”)

Macedonian: сегне (segne, “to reach”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: се́гнути (“to reach”); dialectal се̏гнути се (“to reach for”)

Latin: ségnuti (“to reach”); dialectal sȅgnuti se (“to reach for”)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: sẹ́gniti (“to reach for”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. sẹ̑gnem (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sáhnúti

desc

Czech: sáhnout (“to touch, to reach for”)

Polish: sięgnąć (“to reach for, to reach”)

Slovak: siahnuť (“to reach for”)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: dosahnyć

Lower Sorbian: segnuś

From *sęg- + *-nǫti. See *sęťi for etymology.


sęgati

sę̀gati (canonical)
sęganьje (noun-from-verb)
sęgati (infinitive)
sęgatъ (supine)
sęgalъ (l-participle)
sęganъ (participle passive past)
sęžemъ (participle passive present)
sęgavъ (active participle past)
sęžę (active participle present)
sęgaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sęga (aorist second-person singular)
sęga (aorist singular third-person)
sęžǫ (first-person present singular)
sęžeši (present second-person singular)
sęžetь (present singular third-person)
sęgaxově (aorist dual first-person)
sęgasta (aorist dual second-person)
sęgaste (aorist dual third-person)
sęževě (dual first-person present)
sęžeta (dual present second-person)
sęžete (dual present third-person)
sęgaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sęgaste (aorist plural second-person)
sęgašę (aorist plural third-person)
sęžemъ (first-person plural present)
sęžete (plural present second-person)
sęžǫtь (plural present third-person)
sęgaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sęgaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sęgaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sęži (imperative second-person singular)
sęži (imperative singular third-person)
sęgaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sęgaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sęgaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sęživě (dual first-person imperative)
sęžita (dual imperative second-person)
sęgaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sęgaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sęgaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sęžimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sęžite (imperative plural second-person)
*sę̀dzati (alternative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: сяга́ць (sjahácʹ)

Russian: сягать (sjagatʹ) (obsolete)

⇒ Russian: посяга́ть (posjagátʹ, “to encroach, to infringe”)

Ukrainian: сяга́ти (sjaháty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: се́гам (ségam) (obsolete)

⇒ Bulgarian: пося̀гам (posjàgam), дося̀гам (dosjàgam), прися̀гам (prisjàgam)

Macedonian: сега (sega, “to reach”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: се̏зати (“to reach, to attain”), 1sg. се̏же̄м

Latin: sȅzati (“to reach, to attain”), 1sg. sȅžēm

l/sl-tonal

Slovene: sẹ́zati (“to reach for”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. sẹ́zam (tonal orthography); sẹ́gati (“to reach for”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. sẹ́gam (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desc

Old Czech: sahati (“to touch, to reach for”), 1sg. sahu, 2sg. sěžeš

Czech: sahat (“to touch, to reach for”)

Kashubian: sëgac

Polish: sięgać (“to reach for, to reach”)

Silesian: siōngać

Slovak: siahať (“to reach for”)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: sahać

Lower Sorbian: segaś

From *sęg- + *-ati. See *sęťi for etymology.


sędzati

sę̀dzati (canonical)
sędzanьje (noun-from-verb)
sędzati (infinitive)
sędzatъ (supine)
sędzalъ (l-participle)
sędzanъ (participle passive past)
sęžemъ (participle passive present)
sędzavъ (active participle past)
sęžę (active participle present)
sędzaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sędza (aorist second-person singular)
sędza (aorist singular third-person)
sęžǫ (first-person present singular)
sęžeši (present second-person singular)
sęžetь (present singular third-person)
sędzaxově (aorist dual first-person)
sędzasta (aorist dual second-person)
sędzaste (aorist dual third-person)
sęževě (dual first-person present)
sęžeta (dual present second-person)
sęžete (dual present third-person)
sędzaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sędzaste (aorist plural second-person)
sędzašę (aorist plural third-person)
sęžemъ (first-person plural present)
sęžete (plural present second-person)
sęžǫtь (plural present third-person)
sędzaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sędzaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sędzaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sęži (imperative second-person singular)
sęži (imperative singular third-person)
sędzaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sędzaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sędzaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sęživě (dual first-person imperative)
sęžita (dual imperative second-person)
sędzaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sędzaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sędzaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sęžimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sęžite (imperative plural second-person)

From *sęg- + *-ati, with the Slavic progressive palatalization applying. See *sęťi for etymology.

Alternative form of *sę̀gati (“to reach for, to attain”)


rygati

ryganьje (noun-from-verb)
rygati (infinitive)
rygatъ (supine)
rygalъ (l-participle)
ryganъ (participle passive past)
rygajemъ (participle passive present)
rygavъ (active participle past)
rygaję (active participle present)
rygaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
ryga (aorist second-person singular)
ryga (aorist singular third-person)
rygajǫ (first-person present singular)
rygaješi (present second-person singular)
rygajetь (present singular third-person)
rygaxově (aorist dual first-person)
rygasta (aorist dual second-person)
rygaste (aorist dual third-person)
rygajevě (dual first-person present)
rygajeta (dual present second-person)
rygajete (dual present third-person)
rygaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
rygaste (aorist plural second-person)
rygašę (aorist plural third-person)
rygajemъ (first-person plural present)
rygajete (plural present second-person)
rygajǫtь (plural present third-person)
rygaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
rygaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
rygaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
rygaji (imperative second-person singular)
rygaji (imperative singular third-person)
rygaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
rygaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
rygaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
rygajivě (dual first-person imperative)
rygajita (dual imperative second-person)
rygaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
rygaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
rygaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
rygajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
rygajite (imperative plural second-person)
*rigati (alternative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: рыга́ць (ryhácʹ)

Russian: рыга́ть (rygátʹ, “to belch, (dialectal) to weep, to sob”), 1sg. рыга́ю (rygáju)

Ukrainian: рига́ти (ryháty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: отъригати (otŭrigati, “to disgorge (words)”)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: ри́гам (rígam, “to belch, to vomit”) (dialectal)

⇒ Bulgarian: орѝгвам се (orìgvam se)

Macedonian: рига (riga, “to belch, to vomit”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: рѝгати (“to belch”), 1sg. рѝга̄м

Latin: rìgati (“to belch”), 1sg. rìgām

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: rígati (“to belch, to throw up, to bray”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. rȋgam (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: říhati

Czech: říhat (“to belch”)

Polish: rzygać (“to throw up”)

Silesian: rzigać

Slovak: rihať (“to belch”)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: rihać

Lower Sorbian: rygaś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rūˀgā́ˀtei, by Winter's law from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rug-, from the root *h₁rewg-. Cognate with Lithuanian ráugėti (“to belch”), Latvian raûgâtiês (“to belch”), Lithuanian rū́gti (“to turn sour, to regurgitate acid”) (1sg. rū́giu), Latvian rûgt (“to ferment?”), Ancient Greek ἐρεύγομαι (ereúgomai, “to vomit, to disgorge, to belch out, to discharge, to roar”), ἐρυγγάνω (erungánō, “to regurgitate”), Latin rūgiō (“to roar”) (infinitive rūgīre), ērūgō (“to belch, to disgorge noisily”) (infinitive ērūgere), ructō (“to vomit, to spit out”) (infinitive ructāre), Persian آروغ (ârôġ, “belch”), Old English rocettan (“to belch”), Old Armenian ործամ (orcam, “to belch, to vomit”).
Some descendants reflect a proto-form *rigati. Per Derksen, this form may stem from Proto-Balto-Slavic *rjūˀg-, with an analogical -j- taken from *rjauˀg-, the expected development of full-grade Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewg-, as in dialectal Lithuanian riáugėti (“to turn sour”) (1sg. riáugmi).


rydati

rydanьje (noun-from-verb)
rydati (infinitive)
rydatъ (supine)
rydalъ (l-participle)
rydanъ (participle passive past)
rydajemъ (participle passive present)
rydavъ (active participle past)
rydaję (active participle present)
rydaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
ryda (aorist second-person singular)
ryda (aorist singular third-person)
rydajǫ (first-person present singular)
rydaješi (present second-person singular)
rydajetь (present singular third-person)
rydaxově (aorist dual first-person)
rydasta (aorist dual second-person)
rydaste (aorist dual third-person)
rydajevě (dual first-person present)
rydajeta (dual present second-person)
rydajete (dual present third-person)
rydaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
rydaste (aorist plural second-person)
rydašę (aorist plural third-person)
rydajemъ (first-person plural present)
rydajete (plural present second-person)
rydajǫtь (plural present third-person)
rydaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
rydaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
rydaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
rydaji (imperative second-person singular)
rydaji (imperative singular third-person)
rydaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
rydaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
rydaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
rydajivě (dual first-person imperative)
rydajita (dual imperative second-person)
rydaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
rydaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
rydaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
rydajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
rydajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: рꙑдати (rydati, “to weep, to wail”)

Belarusian: рыда́ць (rydácʹ)

Russian: рыда́ть (rydátʹ, “to sob”), 1sg. рыда́ю (rydáju)

Ukrainian: рида́ти (rydáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: рꙑдати (rydati, “to mourn, to lament”), 1sg. рꙑдаѭ (rydajǫ)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: рида́я (ridája, “to sob”)

Macedonian: рида (rida, “to sob”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ри̏дати, 1sg. ри̏да̄м

Latin: rȉdati, 1sg. rȉdām

West Slavic:

Old Czech: rydati (“to attack, to nag”)

Czech: rydat (“to wail, to nag”)

Slovak: rydať (“to wail, to lament”)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rūˀd-, by Winter's law from Proto-Indo-European *HrewdH-. Baltic cognates include Lithuanian raudóti (“to weep, to wail, to lament”), Latvian raûdât (“to weep”), rũdinât (“to bring to tears”). Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit रोदिति (róditi), रुदति (rudáti, “to weep”), रोदयति (rodáyati, “to grieve”), Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬯𐬙𐬁 (raostā, “(he) wept”, 3sg. aor.), Old English rēotan (“to weep, to complain”), probably also Latin rudō (“to bray, to shout”) (infinitive rudere), rūdō (“to bray, to shout”) (infinitive rūdere).


rǫbiti

rǫbìti (canonical)
rǫbľenьje (noun-from-verb)
rǫbiti (infinitive)
rǫbitъ (supine)
rǫbilъ (l-participle)
rǫbľenъ (participle passive past)
rǫbimъ (participle passive present)
rǫbľь (active participle past)
rǫbę (active participle present)
rǫbixъ (aorist first-person singular)
rǫbi (aorist second-person singular)
rǫbi (aorist singular third-person)
rǫbľǫ (first-person present singular)
rǫbiši (present second-person singular)
rǫbitь (present singular third-person)
rǫbixově (aorist dual first-person)
rǫbista (aorist dual second-person)
rǫbiste (aorist dual third-person)
rǫbivě (dual first-person present)
rǫbita (dual present second-person)
rǫbite (dual present third-person)
rǫbixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
rǫbiste (aorist plural second-person)
rǫbišę (aorist plural third-person)
rǫbimъ (first-person plural present)
rǫbite (plural present second-person)
rǫbętь (plural present third-person)
rǫbľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
rǫbľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
rǫbľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
rǫbi (imperative second-person singular)
rǫbi (imperative singular third-person)
rǫbľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
rǫbľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
rǫbľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
rǫbivě (dual first-person imperative)
rǫbita (dual imperative second-person)
rǫbľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
rǫbľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
rǫbľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
rǫbimъ (first-person imperative plural)
rǫbite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: рꙋбити (rubiti)

⇒ Belarusian: руба́ць (rubácʹ)

desc

Russian: руби́ть (rubítʹ, “to chop, to fell”), 1sg. рублю́ (rubljú), 3sg. ру́бит (rúbit)

Ukrainian: руби́ти (rubýty)

⇒ Ukrainian: рубати (rubaty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: рѫбити (rǫbiti)

Bulgarian: ръ́бя (rǎ́bja, “to hem”)

Macedonian: раби (rabi, “to border”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ру́бити (“to hem”), 1sg. ру̑бӣм

Latin: rúbiti (“to hem”), 1sg. rȗbīm

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: rọ́biti (“to hem, to beat, to chop”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. rọ́bim (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desc

Czech: roubit (“to erect, (rarely) to hem, (archaic) to graft”)

Kashubian: rãbic

Old Polish: rębić
Middle Polish: rąbić

⇒ Slovak: rúbať (“to chop, to beat”)

Sorbian:

⇒ Upper Sorbian: rubać (“to chop”)

⇒ Lower Sorbian: rubaś (“to chop”)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rambīˀtei, according to Pokorny, from Proto-Indo-European *remb- (“to notch, hack”).
Related to Proto-Balto-Slavic *rámbas. Cognate with Lithuanian rumbúoti (“to hem”), rémbėti (“to become covered with scars”), rum̃bas / rùmbas (“notch, scar, waist (on clothing)”), Latvian robs (“notch”) < *rambs. Per Vasmer, possibly cognate with Old Norse ramr, rammr (“sharp, bitter”), rimma (“struggle”), Old High German ramft (“edge”). Per Chernykh, cognate with Middle High German rumpf (“torso”) (modern German Rumpf).


řuti

řűti (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
řutьje (noun-from-verb)
řuti (infinitive)
řutъ (supine)
řulъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
řutъ (participle passive past)
rovomъ (participle passive present)
rovъ (active participle past)
rovy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
řuxъ (aorist first-person singular)
řu (aorist second-person singular)
řu (aorist singular third-person)
rovǫ (first-person present singular)
roveši (present second-person singular)
rovetь (present singular third-person)
řuxově (aorist dual first-person)
řusta (aorist dual second-person)
řuste (aorist dual third-person)
rovevě (dual first-person present)
roveta (dual present second-person)
rovete (dual present third-person)
řuxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
řuste (aorist plural second-person)
řušę (aorist plural third-person)
rovemъ (first-person plural present)
rovete (plural present second-person)
rovǫtь (plural present third-person)
rověaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
rověaše (imperfect second-person singular)
rověaše (imperfect singular third-person)
rovi (imperative second-person singular)
rovi (imperative singular third-person)
rověaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
rověašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
rověašete (dual imperfect third-person)
rověvě (dual first-person imperative)
rověta (dual imperative second-person)
rověaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
rověašete (imperfect plural second-person)
rověaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
rověmъ (first-person imperative plural)
rověte (imperative plural second-person)
*ruti (alternative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: рюти (rjuti), рути (ruti)

Belarusian: раўці́ (raŭcí)

Russian: реве́ть (revétʹ)

Ukrainian: реві́ти (revíty), ревти́ (revtý)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: роути (ruti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: рева́ (revá)

Macedonian: реве (reve)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: рѐвати

Latin script: rèvati

Slovene: rjúti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: řúti

Czech: řvát

Old Polish: rzuć

Slovak: revať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: ruć

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃rew- (“to roar”). Cognate with Latin rāvis (“hoarse”), rūmor (“rumor”), Sanskrit रव (rava, “roaring, howling”), Ancient Greek ὠρύομαι (ōrúomai, “to howl, roar”).


račiti

rāčìti (canonical)
b (accent-paradigm)
račenьje (noun-from-verb)
račiti (infinitive)
račitъ (supine)
račilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
račenъ (participle passive past)
račimъ (participle passive present)
račь (active participle past)
račę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
račixъ (aorist first-person singular)
rači (aorist second-person singular)
rači (aorist singular third-person)
račǫ (first-person present singular)
račiši (present second-person singular)
račitь (present singular third-person)
račixově (aorist dual first-person)
račista (aorist dual second-person)
račiste (aorist dual third-person)
račivě (dual first-person present)
račita (dual present second-person)
račite (dual present third-person)
račixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
račiste (aorist plural second-person)
račišę (aorist plural third-person)
račimъ (first-person plural present)
račite (plural present second-person)
račętь (plural present third-person)
račaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
račaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
račaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
rači (imperative second-person singular)
rači (imperative singular third-person)
račaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
račaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
račaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
račivě (dual first-person imperative)
račita (dual imperative second-person)
račaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
račaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
račaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
račimъ (first-person imperative plural)
račite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: рачити (račiti, “to wish, to want”)

Belarusian: ра́чыць (ráčycʹ)

Russian: dialectal ра́чить (ráčitʹ), рачи́ть (račítʹ, “to wish, to want, to be zealous”)

Ukrainian: ра́чити (ráčyty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: рачити (račiti), 1sg. рачѫ (račǫ)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: ра́ча (ráča, “to want”) (archaic)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: ра́чити се (“to feel like (+ dative)”), 1sg. ра̑чӣ се

Latin: ráčiti se (“to feel like (+ dative)”), 1sg. rȃčī se

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: ráčiti (“to wish, to want, to deign, (reflexive) to please”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. rȃčim (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desc

Czech: ráčit (“to wish, to want, (literary) to deign”)

Kashubian: rôczëc (“to invite”)

Polish: raczyć (“to deign”), raczyć się (“to savor, to relish”)

Slovak: ráčiť (“to deign”)

Of disputed origin:
* Per Rix (LIV) and Vasmer, possibly related to *reťi (“to speak, to say”), from Proto-Indo-European *rek-. If so, cognate with Sanskrit रचयति (racáyati, “to make, to form, to correct”). Vasmer adds Gothic 𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (rahnjan, “count”) as an additional cognate. Rix reconstructs the PIE etymon of this verb as iterative *rōk-ye-.
* Vaillant asserts that this verb is a borrowing from Proto-Germanic *rōkijaną (“to care about”), cf. Old Norse rœkja; but Vasmer specifically denies this.


orzoriti

orzořenьje (noun-from-verb)
orzoriti (infinitive)
orzoritъ (supine)
orzorilъ (l-participle)
orzořenъ (participle passive past)
orzorimъ (participle passive present)
orzořь (active participle past)
orzorę (active participle present)
orzorixъ (aorist first-person singular)
orzori (aorist second-person singular)
orzori (aorist singular third-person)
orzořǫ (first-person present singular)
orzoriši (present second-person singular)
orzoritь (present singular third-person)
orzorixově (aorist dual first-person)
orzorista (aorist dual second-person)
orzoriste (aorist dual third-person)
orzorivě (dual first-person present)
orzorita (dual present second-person)
orzorite (dual present third-person)
orzorixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
orzoriste (aorist plural second-person)
orzorišę (aorist plural third-person)
orzorimъ (first-person plural present)
orzorite (plural present second-person)
orzorętь (plural present third-person)
orzořaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
orzořaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
orzořaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
orzori (imperative second-person singular)
orzori (imperative singular third-person)
orzořaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
orzořaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
orzořaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
orzorivě (dual first-person imperative)
orzorita (dual imperative second-person)
orzořaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
orzořaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
orzořaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
orzorimъ (first-person imperative plural)
orzorite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: разорити (razoriti), розорити (rozoriti)

Belarusian: разары́ць (razarýcʹ)

Russian: разори́ть (razorítʹ), 1sg. разорю́ (razorjú), 3sg. разори́т (razorít)

Ukrainian: розори́ти (rozorýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: разорити (razoriti), 1sg. разорѭ (razorjǫ)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: разоря́ (razorjá)

Macedonian: разори (razori)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: разо̀рити

Latin script: razòriti

West Slavic: —

From *orz- + *oriti. Cognate with Lithuanian ardýti (“to pull down, to destroy”), Latvian ā̀rdît (“to destroy, to scatter”). Trubachev notes a possible connection to Hittite [script needed] (ḫarra-, “to break, to destroy, to grind”). See *oriti for further cognates.


oriti

ořenьje (noun-from-verb)
oriti (infinitive)
oritъ (supine)
orilъ (l-participle)
ořenъ (participle passive past)
orimъ (participle passive present)
ořь (active participle past)
orę (active participle present)
orixъ (aorist first-person singular)
ori (aorist second-person singular)
ori (aorist singular third-person)
ořǫ (first-person present singular)
oriši (present second-person singular)
oritь (present singular third-person)
orixově (aorist dual first-person)
orista (aorist dual second-person)
oriste (aorist dual third-person)
orivě (dual first-person present)
orita (dual present second-person)
orite (dual present third-person)
orixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
oriste (aorist plural second-person)
orišę (aorist plural third-person)
orimъ (first-person plural present)
orite (plural present second-person)
orętь (plural present third-person)
ořaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
ořaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
ořaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
ori (imperative second-person singular)
ori (imperative singular third-person)
ořaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
ořaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
ořaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
orivě (dual first-person imperative)
orita (dual imperative second-person)
ořaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
ořaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
ořaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
orimъ (first-person imperative plural)
orite (imperative plural second-person)

NOTE: See *orzoriti (“to destroy”) for more indirect descendants.

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: (оритель (oritelĭ, “destroyer”))

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: ориши (oriši, “(you) tempt”, 2sg., literally “(you) drag down”)

Glagolitic: ⱁⱃⰻⱎⰻ (oriši)

Bulgarian: dialectal о́ря (órja, “to bring down”)

Serbo-Croatian:

desc

Cyrillic script: о̀рити (“to destroy, to pull down”); (обо̀рити (“to crush, to overthrow”), 1sg, о̀борӣм)

Latin: òriti (“to destroy, to pull down”); (obòriti (“to crush, to overthrow”), 1sg. òborīm)

West Slavic:

Czech: (obořiti (“to collapse”))

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ar-ei-, from Proto-Indo-European *Hor-eye- a causative/iterative form of *Her-. Cognate with Lithuanian ardýti (“to pull down, to destroy”), Latvian ā̀rdît (“to destroy, to scatter”), Lithuanian érdėti (“to break up”), Latvian ḕrst (“to separate, to card (flax), to divide”) (1sg. ḕržu, ḕrdu), Lithuanian i̇̀rti (“to disintegrate”) (1sg. yrù, 1sg. past iraũ). Per Vasmer, also cognate with Sanskrit अर्दति (árdati, “to be dissolved”), but not cognate with Latin orior (“to rise”) (infinitive orīri), Ancient Greek ὄρνῡμι (órnūmi, “to excite, to move”), Sanskrit ऋणोति (ṛṇóti, “to rise”). Trubachev notes a possible connection to Hittite [script needed] (ḫarra-, “to break, to destroy, to grind”).


pelsti

c (accent-paradigm)
pьlzenьje (noun-from-verb)
pelsti (infinitive)
pelstъ (supine)
pьlzlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
pьlzъ (active participle past)
pьlzy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
pьlzъ (aorist first-person singular)
pьlzoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
pьlze (aorist second-person singular)
pьlze (aorist singular third-person)
pьlzǫ (first-person present singular)
pьlzeši (present second-person singular)
pьlzetь (present singular third-person)
pьlzově (aorist dual first-person)
pьlzoxově (aorist dual first-person)
pьlzeta (aorist dual second-person)
pьlzosta (aorist dual second-person)
pьlzete (aorist dual third-person)
pьlzoste (aorist dual third-person)
pьlzevě (dual first-person present)
pьlzeta (dual present second-person)
pьlzete (dual present third-person)
pьlzomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pьlzoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pьlzete (aorist plural second-person)
pьlzoste (aorist plural second-person)
pьlzǫ (aorist plural third-person)
pьlzošę (aorist plural third-person)
pьlzemъ (first-person plural present)
pьlzete (plural present second-person)
pьlzǫtь (plural present third-person)
pьlzěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pьlzěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pьlzěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pьlzi (imperative second-person singular)
pьlzi (imperative singular third-person)
pьlzěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pьlzěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pьlzěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pьlzěvě (dual first-person imperative)
pьlzěta (dual imperative second-person)
pьlzěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pьlzěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pьlzěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pьlzěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
pьlzěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: пълзти (pŭlzti)

Belarusian: паўзці́ (paŭzcí)

Russian: ползти́ (polztí), 1sg. ползу́ (polzú), 3sg. ползёт (polzjót)

Ukrainian: повзти́ (povztý)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: плъсти (plŭsti), плѣсти (plěsti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pilźtei. See *pь̀lzati.


pьxati

pьxàti (canonical)
pьxanьje (noun-from-verb)
pьxati (infinitive)
pьxatъ (supine)
pьxalъ (l-participle)
pьxanъ (participle passive past)
pьxomъ (participle passive present)
pьxavъ (active participle past)
pьxy (active participle present)
pьxaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
pьxa (aorist second-person singular)
pьxa (aorist singular third-person)
pьxǫ (first-person present singular)
pьšeši (present second-person singular)
pьšetь (present singular third-person)
pьxaxově (aorist dual first-person)
pьxasta (aorist dual second-person)
pьxaste (aorist dual third-person)
pьševě (dual first-person present)
pьšeta (dual present second-person)
pьšete (dual present third-person)
pьxaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pьxaste (aorist plural second-person)
pьxašę (aorist plural third-person)
pьšemъ (first-person plural present)
pьšete (plural present second-person)
pьxǫtь (plural present third-person)
pьxaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pьxaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pьxaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pьśi (imperative second-person singular)
pьśi (imperative singular third-person)
pьxaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pьxaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pьxaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pьśěvě (dual first-person imperative)
pьśěta (dual imperative second-person)
pьxaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pьxaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pьxaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pьśěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
pьśěte (imperative plural second-person)
pьxanьje (noun-from-verb)
pьxati (infinitive)
pьxatъ (supine)
pьxalъ (l-participle)
pьxanъ (participle passive past)
pьxajemъ (participle passive present)
pьxavъ (active participle past)
pьxaję (active participle present)
pьxaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
pьxa (aorist second-person singular)
pьxa (aorist singular third-person)
pьxajǫ (first-person present singular)
pьxaješi (present second-person singular)
pьxajetь (present singular third-person)
pьxaxově (aorist dual first-person)
pьxasta (aorist dual second-person)
pьxaste (aorist dual third-person)
pьxajevě (dual first-person present)
pьxajeta (dual present second-person)
pьxajete (dual present third-person)
pьxaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pьxaste (aorist plural second-person)
pьxašę (aorist plural third-person)
pьxajemъ (first-person plural present)
pьxajete (plural present second-person)
pьxajǫtь (plural present third-person)
pьxaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pьxaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pьxaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pьxaji (imperative second-person singular)
pьxaji (imperative singular third-person)
pьxaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pьxaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pьxaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pьxajivě (dual first-person imperative)
pьxajita (dual imperative second-person)
pьxaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pьxaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pьxaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pьxajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
pьxajite (imperative plural second-person)
*pixàti (alternative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: пьхати (pĭxati), пихати (pixati)
Belarusian: пхаць (pxacʹ), піха́ць (pixácʹ)
Carpathian Rusyn: пха́ти (pxáty)
Russian: пиха́ть (pixátʹ), пхать (pxatʹ) (dialectal)
Ukrainian: пха́ти (pxáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: пьхати (pĭxati)

Bulgarian: пъ́хам (pǎ́ham)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: pəháti, pháti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desctree

Old Czech: píchati
Czech: píchat, pchát (dialectal)

Kashubian: pchac

Polish: pchać

Slovak: pchať, pichať

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *piš-, *pīš-, from Proto-Indo-European *pis-, from *peys- (“to crush”). Baltic cognates include Lithuanian pi̇̀sti (“to copulate”) (1sg. pisù). Other Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit पिनष्टि (pinaṣṭi, “to crush”), Avestan 𐬞𐬌𐬱𐬀𐬥𐬙- (pišant-, “pushing”), Ancient Greek πτίσσω (ptíssō, “to winnow grain, to crush in a mortar”), Latin pīnsō (“to crush”) (infinitive pīnsere), Icelandic fis (“chaff”), Middle High German vīsel (“mortar”).


pręsti

c (accent-paradigm)
prędenьje (noun-from-verb)
pręsti (infinitive)
pręstъ (supine)
prędlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
prędenъ (participle passive past)
prędomъ (participle passive present)
prędъ (active participle past)
prędy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
prędъ (aorist first-person singular)
prędoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
pręde (aorist second-person singular)
pręde (aorist singular third-person)
prędǫ (first-person present singular)
prędeši (present second-person singular)
prędetь (present singular third-person)
prędově (aorist dual first-person)
prędoxově (aorist dual first-person)
prędeta (aorist dual second-person)
prędosta (aorist dual second-person)
prędete (aorist dual third-person)
prędoste (aorist dual third-person)
prędevě (dual first-person present)
prędeta (dual present second-person)
prędete (dual present third-person)
prędomъ (aorist first-person plural)
prędoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
prędete (aorist plural second-person)
prędoste (aorist plural second-person)
prędǫ (aorist plural third-person)
prędošę (aorist plural third-person)
prędemъ (first-person plural present)
prędete (plural present second-person)
prędǫtь (plural present third-person)
pręděaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pręděaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pręděaše (imperfect singular third-person)
prędi (imperative second-person singular)
prędi (imperative singular third-person)
pręděaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pręděašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pręděašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pręděvě (dual first-person imperative)
pręděta (dual imperative second-person)
pręděaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pręděašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pręděaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pręděmъ (first-person imperative plural)
pręděte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: прѧсти (pręsti)

Belarusian: пра́сці (prásci)

Russian: прясть (prjastʹ)

Ukrainian: пря́сти (prjásty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: прѧсти (pręsti)

Glagolitic: ⱂⱃⱔⱄⱅⰻ (pręsti)

Bulgarian: преда́ (predá)

Macedonian: преде (prede)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пре̏сти

Latin script: prȅsti

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: présti, prẹ́sti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: přiesti

Czech: příst

Kashubian: przësc, przisc

Polish: prząść

Slovak: priasť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: přasć

Lower Sorbian: pśěsć

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *(s)prenˀstei, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)prend-. Cognate with Lithuanian sprę́sti (“to stretch, to spread, to judge, to solve”) (3sg. spréndžia), Latvian spriêst (“to stretch, to press, to judge, to discuss”) (1sg. spriêžu), Old English sprindel (“snare, hook”). Derksen ascribes the acute tone in the root to Winter's law.


pǫčiti

pǫ̀čiti (canonical)
a (accent-paradigm)
pǫčenьje (noun-from-verb)
pǫčiti (infinitive)
pǫčitъ (supine)
pǫčilъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
pǫčenъ (participle passive past)
pǫčimъ (participle passive present)
pǫčь (active participle past)
pǫčę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
pǫčixъ (aorist first-person singular)
pǫči (aorist second-person singular)
pǫči (aorist singular third-person)
pǫčǫ (first-person present singular)
pǫčiši (present second-person singular)
pǫčitь (present singular third-person)
pǫčixově (aorist dual first-person)
pǫčista (aorist dual second-person)
pǫčiste (aorist dual third-person)
pǫčivě (dual first-person present)
pǫčita (dual present second-person)
pǫčite (dual present third-person)
pǫčixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pǫčiste (aorist plural second-person)
pǫčišę (aorist plural third-person)
pǫčimъ (first-person plural present)
pǫčite (plural present second-person)
pǫčętь (plural present third-person)
pǫčaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pǫčaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pǫčaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pǫči (imperative second-person singular)
pǫči (imperative singular third-person)
pǫčaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pǫčaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pǫčaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pǫčivě (dual first-person imperative)
pǫčita (dual imperative second-person)
pǫčaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pǫčaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pǫčaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pǫčimъ (first-person imperative plural)
pǫčite (imperative plural second-person)
*pǫťi (alternative)

East Slavic:

desc

Russian: пу́чить (púčitʹ, “to become swollen”)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пу̏ћи (“to burst, to crack, to shoot”), 1sg. пу̏кне̄м

Latin: pȕći (“to burst, to crack, to shoot”), 1sg. pȕknēm

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: pọ́čiti (“to burst, to crack, to hit”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. pọ̑čim (tonal orthography)

West Slavic: —

Per Derksen, from Proto-Indo-European *punHk-; cognate with Latin pānus (“tumor”). Vasmer adds as cognate Persian پنگ (pang, “bunch of dates”), but alternatively suggests that the verb is onomatopoeic.


pǫťi

a (accent-paradigm)
pǫčenьje (noun-from-verb)
pǫťi (infinitive)
pǫťь (supine)
pǫklъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
pǫčenъ (participle passive past)
pǫkomъ (participle passive present)
pǫkъ (active participle past)
pǫky (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
pǫkъ (aorist first-person singular)
pǫkoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
pǫče (aorist second-person singular)
pǫče (aorist singular third-person)
pǫkǫ (first-person present singular)
pǫčeši (present second-person singular)
pǫčetь (present singular third-person)
pǫkově (aorist dual first-person)
pǫkoxově (aorist dual first-person)
pǫketa (aorist dual second-person)
pǫkosta (aorist dual second-person)
pǫkete (aorist dual third-person)
pǫkoste (aorist dual third-person)
pǫčevě (dual first-person present)
pǫčeta (dual present second-person)
pǫčete (dual present third-person)
pǫkomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pǫkoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pǫkete (aorist plural second-person)
pǫkoste (aorist plural second-person)
pǫkǫ (aorist plural third-person)
pǫkošę (aorist plural third-person)
pǫčemъ (first-person plural present)
pǫčete (plural present second-person)
pǫkǫtь (plural present third-person)
pǫčaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pǫčaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pǫčaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pǫci (imperative second-person singular)
pǫci (imperative singular third-person)
pǫčaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pǫčaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pǫčaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pǫcěvě (dual first-person imperative)
pǫcěta (dual imperative second-person)
pǫčaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pǫčaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pǫčaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pǫcěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
pǫcěte (imperative plural second-person)


posětiti

posěťenьje (noun-from-verb)
posětiti (infinitive)
posětitъ (supine)
posětilъ (l-participle)
posěťenъ (participle passive past)
posětimъ (participle passive present)
posěťь (active participle past)
posětę (active participle present)
posětixъ (aorist first-person singular)
posěti (aorist second-person singular)
posěti (aorist singular third-person)
posěťǫ (first-person present singular)
posětiši (present second-person singular)
posětitь (present singular third-person)
posětixově (aorist dual first-person)
posětista (aorist dual second-person)
posětiste (aorist dual third-person)
posětivě (dual first-person present)
posětita (dual present second-person)
posětite (dual present third-person)
posětixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
posětiste (aorist plural second-person)
posětišę (aorist plural third-person)
posětimъ (first-person plural present)
posětite (plural present second-person)
posětętь (plural present third-person)
posěťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
posěťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
posěťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
posěti (imperative second-person singular)
posěti (imperative singular third-person)
posěťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
posěťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
posěťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
posětivě (dual first-person imperative)
posětita (dual imperative second-person)
posěťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
posěťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
posěťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
posětimъ (first-person imperative plural)
posětite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: посѣтити (posětiti)

Russian: посети́ть (posetítʹ), 1sg. посещу́ (poseščú), 3sg. посети́т (posetít)

Ukrainian: посіти́ти (positýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: посѣтити (posětiti), 1sg. посѣщѫ (posěštǫ)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: посетя́ (posetjá)

Macedonian: посети (poseti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: по̀сјетити / по̀сетити

Latin: pòsjetiti / pòsetiti

Slovene: posẹ̑titi (archaic)

West Slavic: —

PIE word
 *swé
From Proto-Indo-European *swet-. Includes the prefix *po-. Cognate with Lithuanian svẽčias (“guest”), Ancient Greek ἕταρος (hétaros, “comrade”). Per Derksen, the lengthened grade of the root is unexpected. The Indo-European root comes from the more basic root *swé (“self”) with a root extension.


pojiti

pojìti (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
pojenьje (noun-from-verb)
pojiti (infinitive)
pojitъ (supine)
pojilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
pojenъ (participle passive past)
pojimъ (participle passive present)
pojь (active participle past)
poję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
pojixъ (aorist first-person singular)
poji (aorist second-person singular)
poji (aorist singular third-person)
pojǫ (first-person present singular)
pojiši (present second-person singular)
pojitь (present singular third-person)
pojixově (aorist dual first-person)
pojista (aorist dual second-person)
pojiste (aorist dual third-person)
pojivě (dual first-person present)
pojita (dual present second-person)
pojite (dual present third-person)
pojixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pojiste (aorist plural second-person)
pojišę (aorist plural third-person)
pojimъ (first-person plural present)
pojite (plural present second-person)
pojętь (plural present third-person)
pojaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pojaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pojaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
poji (imperative second-person singular)
poji (imperative singular third-person)
pojaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pojaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pojaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pojivě (dual first-person imperative)
pojita (dual imperative second-person)
pojaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pojaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pojaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pojimъ (first-person imperative plural)
pojite (imperative plural second-person)
*poìti (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: поити (poiti)

Belarusian: паі́ць (paícʹ)

Russian: пои́ть (poítʹ)

Ukrainian: поїти (pojity)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: поилъ (poilŭ, “(he) gave to drink”, masc. nom. sg. l-part.)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

desc

Bulgarian: поя́ (pojá, “to give to drink, to water”), sg. пои́м (poím)

Macedonian: пои (poi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: по̀јити (“to give to drink”), 1sg. по̀јӣм

Latin: pòjiti (“to give to drink”), 1sg. pòjīm

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: pojíti (“to give to drink”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. pojím (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: pojiti

Czech: pojit

Polish: poić

Slovak: pojiť

From Proto-Indo-European *poh₃y-éyeti, causative/iterative from *peh₃y-, extended version of *peh₃-. See that root for cognates.


polšiti

polšenьje (noun-from-verb)
polšiti (infinitive)
polšitъ (supine)
polšilъ (l-participle)
polšenъ (participle passive past)
polšimъ (participle passive present)
polšь (active participle past)
polšę (active participle present)
polšixъ (aorist first-person singular)
polši (aorist second-person singular)
polši (aorist singular third-person)
polšǫ (first-person present singular)
polšiši (present second-person singular)
polšitь (present singular third-person)
polšixově (aorist dual first-person)
polšista (aorist dual second-person)
polšiste (aorist dual third-person)
polšivě (dual first-person present)
polšita (dual present second-person)
polšite (dual present third-person)
polšixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
polšiste (aorist plural second-person)
polšišę (aorist plural third-person)
polšimъ (first-person plural present)
polšite (plural present second-person)
polšętь (plural present third-person)
polšaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
polšaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
polšaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
polši (imperative second-person singular)
polši (imperative singular third-person)
polšaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
polšaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
polšaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
polšivě (dual first-person imperative)
polšita (dual imperative second-person)
polšaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
polšaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
polšaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
polšimъ (first-person imperative plural)
polšite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: полошити (pološiti)

Belarusian: палашы́ць (palašýcʹ)

Russian: полоши́ть (pološítʹ); archaic поло́шить (polóšitʹ), 3sg. поло́шит (polóšit)

Ukrainian: полоши́ти (pološýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: плашити (plašiti)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⰾⰰⱎⰻⱅⰻ (plašiti)

Bulgarian: пла́ша (pláša)

Macedonian: плаши (plaši)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пла̏шити

Latin: plȁšiti

Slovene: plášiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: plašiti

Czech: plašit

Polish: płoszyć

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: płóšić

Lower Sorbian: płošyś

Per Derksen, unclear; possibly related to Ancient Greek πάλλω (pállō, “to sway, to swing”), from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₁-; compare Homeric παλλομένη κραδίην (palloménē kradíēn, “with pounding heart”). Also unclear is the origin of the underlying *x < Proto-Indo-European *s.


počiti

počìti (canonical perfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
počitьje (noun-from-verb)
počiti (infinitive)
počitъ (supine)
počilъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
počitъ (participle passive past)
počivъ (active participle past)
a (accent-paradigm)
počixъ (aorist first-person singular)
poči (aorist second-person singular)
poči (aorist singular third-person)
počijǫ (first-person present singular)
počiješi (present second-person singular)
počijetь (present singular third-person)
počixově (aorist dual first-person)
počista (aorist dual second-person)
počiste (aorist dual third-person)
počijevě (dual first-person present)
počijeta (dual present second-person)
počijete (dual present third-person)
počixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
počiste (aorist plural second-person)
počišę (aorist plural third-person)
počijemъ (first-person plural present)
počijete (plural present second-person)
počijǫtь (plural present third-person)
počiji (imperative second-person singular)
počiji (imperative singular third-person)
počijivě (dual first-person imperative)
počijita (dual imperative second-person)
počijimъ (first-person imperative plural)
počijite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

⇒ Belarusian: спачы́ць (spačýcʹ)

desc

Russian: почи́ть (počítʹ) (dated, archaic)

Ukrainian: почи́ти (počýty) (dated, archaic)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: почити (počiti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Slovene: počíti (tonal orthography)

From *po- + *čiti, from the root *kʷyeh₁-. Akin to Sanskrit चिर (cirá, “long”), Avestan 𐬱𐬁𐬌𐬙𐬌𐬨 (šāⁱtim, “happiness”), Latin quiēs (“rest”), Latin tranquīlus, tranquillus (“tranquil”), Proto-Germanic *hwīlō (“pause, while”).


plaviti

plàviti (canonical)
a (accent-paradigm)
plavľenьje (noun-from-verb)
plaviti (infinitive)
plavitъ (supine)
plavilъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
plavľenъ (participle passive past)
plavimъ (participle passive present)
plavľь (active participle past)
plavę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
plavixъ (aorist first-person singular)
plavi (aorist second-person singular)
plavi (aorist singular third-person)
plavľǫ (first-person present singular)
plaviši (present second-person singular)
plavitь (present singular third-person)
plavixově (aorist dual first-person)
plavista (aorist dual second-person)
plaviste (aorist dual third-person)
plavivě (dual first-person present)
plavita (dual present second-person)
plavite (dual present third-person)
plavixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
plaviste (aorist plural second-person)
plavišę (aorist plural third-person)
plavimъ (first-person plural present)
plavite (plural present second-person)
plavętь (plural present third-person)
plavľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
plavľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
plavľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
plavi (imperative second-person singular)
plavi (imperative singular third-person)
plavľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
plavľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
plavľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
plavivě (dual first-person imperative)
plavita (dual imperative second-person)
plavľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
plavľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
plavľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
plavimъ (first-person imperative plural)
plavite (imperative plural second-person)

Old Church Slavonic: плавитися (plavitisja, “to sail”)

East Slavic:

Russian: пла́вить (plávitʹ, “to melt”)

Ukrainian: плавити (plavyty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: пла́вя (plávja, “to rinse”) (dialectal)

Macedonian: плави (plavi, “to rinse, to wash, to flood”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пла̏вити (“to flood”)

Latin: plȁviti (“to flood”), ploviti (“to sail”)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: plavíti (“to flood, to sail, to melt”) (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desc

Czech: plavit (“to float, to bathe (horses or cattle), to scour, to navigate”)

Polish: pławić (“to bathe (horses or cattle); (archaic) to melt”), spławić (“to transport by water”)

Slovak: plaviť (“to float”)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: pławić

Lower Sorbian: pławiś

From *pluti + *-iti (causative), from Proto-Indo-European *plew- and/or *pleh₃-. Per Derksen, possibly conflated into *pleh₃(w)-. Cognate with Sanskrit प्लावयति (plāvayati, “to cause to float, to flood”), Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (frāuuaiieⁱti, “to cause to leave”), and the past-stem of Lithuanian pláuti (“to wash, to rinse”) (1sg. pres. pláuju, 1sg. past plóviau). Further akin to Ancient Greek πλώω (plṓō, “to float, to sail”), Proto-Germanic *flōaną (whence Old Norse flóa (“to flow”), English flow), etc.

cog

𐬟𐬭𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌


piťa

pìťa (canonical feminine)
pìťa (nominative singular)
pìťi (dual nominative)
pìťę̇ (nominative plural)
pìťę̇ (genitive singular)
pìťu (dual genitive)
pìťь (genitive plural)
pìťī (dative singular)
pìťama (dative dual)
pìťāmъ (dative plural)
pìťǫ (accusative singular)
pìťi (accusative dual)
pìťę̇ (accusative plural)
pìťējǫ (instrumental singular)
pìťǭ (instrumental singular)
pìťama (dual instrumental)
pìťāmī (instrumental plural)
pìťī (locative singular)
pìťu (dual locative)
pìťāsъ (locative plural)
pìťe (singular vocative)
pìťi (dual vocative)
pìťę̇ (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: пища (pišta, “food, bliss”), піца (pica)

Glagolitic: ⱂⰻⱎⱅⰰ (pišta), ⱂⰹⱌⰰ (pica)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пи̏ћа (“food, fodder”)

Latin script: pȉća (“food, fodder”)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: píča (“food, fodder”) (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: pícě

Czech: píce (“fodder”)

desctree

Old Polish: pica (“fodder”)
Polish: (obsolete) pica (“fodder”)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: pica (“food, fodder”)

Lower Sorbian: pica (“food, fodder”)

Normally reconstructed as stemming from Proto-Indo-European *peyH-. Derksen considers it more likely to stem from Proto-Balto-Slavic *peit-, from Proto-Indo-European *peyt-, assumed to be from the same root *pey- that underlies *peyH- but with a different root extension. Cognates involving *peyt- include Lithuanian piẽtūs (“dinner”, pl.), Sanskrit पितु (pitú, “nutrition”), Avestan 𐬞𐬌𐬙𐬎 (pitu, “food”), 𐬞𐬌𐬚𐬎𐬎𐬁 (piθuuā, “food”), Old Irish ithid (“to eat”), Boeotian dialectal Ancient Greek πιτεύω (piteúō, “to irrigate, to water (cattle)”). Cognates involving *peyH- include Sanskrit पीवन् (pī́van, “fat”), English fat and many other words; see the root for more cognates.


piščati

pīščàti (canonical)
b (accent-paradigm)
piščanьje (noun-from-verb)
piščati (infinitive)
piščatъ (supine)
piščalъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
piščanъ (participle passive past)
piščimъ (participle passive present)
piščavъ (active participle past)
piščę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
piščaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
pišča (aorist second-person singular)
pišča (aorist singular third-person)
piščǫ (first-person present singular)
piščiši (present second-person singular)
piščitь (present singular third-person)
piščaxově (aorist dual first-person)
piščasta (aorist dual second-person)
piščaste (aorist dual third-person)
piščivě (dual first-person present)
piščita (dual present second-person)
piščite (dual present third-person)
piščaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
piščaste (aorist plural second-person)
piščašę (aorist plural third-person)
piščimъ (first-person plural present)
piščite (plural present second-person)
piščętь (plural present third-person)
piščaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
piščaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
piščaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pišči (imperative second-person singular)
pišči (imperative singular third-person)
piščaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
piščaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
piščaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
piščivě (dual first-person imperative)
piščita (dual imperative second-person)
piščaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
piščaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
piščaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
piščimъ (first-person imperative plural)
piščite (imperative plural second-person)

Alternative form of *pīskàti (“to squeak, to whistle”)


pęti

c (accent-paradigm)
pętьje (noun-from-verb)
pęti (infinitive)
pętъ (supine)
pęlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
pętъ (participle passive past)
pьnomъ (participle passive present)
pьnъ (active participle past)
pьny (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
pęsъ (aorist first-person singular)
pę (aorist second-person singular)
pę (aorist singular third-person)
pьnǫ (first-person present singular)
pьneši (present second-person singular)
pьnetь (present singular third-person)
pęsově (aorist dual first-person)
pęsta (aorist dual second-person)
pęste (aorist dual third-person)
pьnevě (dual first-person present)
pьneta (dual present second-person)
pьnete (dual present third-person)
pęsomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pęste (aorist plural second-person)
pęsę (aorist plural third-person)
pьnemъ (first-person plural present)
pьnete (plural present second-person)
pьnǫtь (plural present third-person)
pьněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pьněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pьněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pьni (imperative second-person singular)
pьni (imperative singular third-person)
pьněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pьněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pьněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pьněvě (dual first-person imperative)
pьněta (dual imperative second-person)
pьněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pьněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pьněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pьněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
pьněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: пѧти (pęti)

Belarusian: пяць (pjacʹ)

Russian: пять (pjatʹ) (obsolete), -пять (-pjatʹ)

Ukrainian: п'я́сти (pʺjásty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: пѧти (pęti)

Glagolitic: ⱂⱔⱅⰻ (pęti)

Bulgarian: пъ́на (pǎ́na)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пе́ти

Latin script: péti

West Slavic:

Kashubian: pic

Old Czech: pieti

Czech: pnout

Old Polish: piąć

Polish: piąć

Silesian: pnōńć, pnyć

Slovak: pnúť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: pjeć

Lower Sorbian: pjeś

From Pre-slavic *péntei (pin-), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *pínˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁-.


pariti

pařenьje (noun-from-verb)
pariti (infinitive)
paritъ (supine)
parilъ (l-participle)
pařenъ (participle passive past)
parimъ (participle passive present)
pařь (active participle past)
parę (active participle present)
parixъ (aorist first-person singular)
pari (aorist second-person singular)
pari (aorist singular third-person)
pařǫ (first-person present singular)
pariši (present second-person singular)
paritь (present singular third-person)
parixově (aorist dual first-person)
parista (aorist dual second-person)
pariste (aorist dual third-person)
parivě (dual first-person present)
parita (dual present second-person)
parite (dual present third-person)
parixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pariste (aorist plural second-person)
parišę (aorist plural third-person)
parimъ (first-person plural present)
parite (plural present second-person)
parętь (plural present third-person)
pařaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pařaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pařaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pari (imperative second-person singular)
pari (imperative singular third-person)
pařaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pařaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pařaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
parivě (dual first-person imperative)
parita (dual imperative second-person)
pařaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pařaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pařaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
parimъ (first-person imperative plural)
parite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: парити (pariti)

Russian: пари́ть (parítʹ), 1sg. парю́ (parjú), 3sg. пари́т (parít)

Ukrainian: пари́ти (parýty)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: парѧщѧ (paręštę, “which flew”, fem. acc. pl. pres. act. part.)

West Slavic:

Polish: parzyć

From Proto-Indo-European *pōr-, from the root *per- (reconstructed by Derksen as *perH-, although a laryngeal is not normally assumed).
* Черных: see *pero
* Derksen+Vasmer: Cognate with Sanskrit पारयति (pārayáti, “to lead”), Old English fōrian (“to lead”) (English fare) and many other words.
** Vasmer: also पिपर्ति (piparti), Avestan 𐬞𐬁𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (pāraiieⁱti), Avestan 𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬎 (pər^ətu), Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌽 (faran), Old High German furt, Latin portus


pariti

Church Slavonic: парити (pariti)

East Slavic:

Russian: па́рить (páritʹ)

Ukrainian: па́рити (páryty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: па́ря (párja)

Macedonian: пари (pari)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: па̏рити

Latin script: pȁriti

Slovene: páriti

West Slavic:

Czech: pařit

Polish: parzyć

Slovak: pariť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: parić

Lower Sorbian: pariś

* Vasmer: from *para + *-iti. Compare Lithuanian perė́ti (“to incubate, brood”), periù, perė́jau


paxnǫti

East Slavic:

Belarusian: па́хнуць (páxnucʹ)

desc

Russian: пахну́ть (paxnútʹ, “to puff, to blow”), 1sg. пахну́ (paxnú), 3sg. пахнёт (paxnjót); па́хнуть (páxnutʹ, “to smell of”)

Ukrainian: па́хнути (páxnuty, “to smell good”)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: (запа̀хнути (“to begin to smell of”), 1sg. запа̀хне̄м)

Latin: (zapàhnuti (“to begin to smell of”), 1sg. zapàhnēm)

West Slavic:

Czech: páchnout (“to reek, to stink”)

Polish: pachnąć (“to smell of”)

Slovak: páchnuť (“to smell of”)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: pachnyć (“to emit smoke, to smoke”)

From the root of *paxati (“to sweep”) + *-nǫti. Probably onomatopoeic in origin.


paxati

paxanьje (noun-from-verb)
paxati (infinitive)
paxatъ (supine)
paxalъ (l-participle)
paxanъ (participle passive past)
pašemъ (participle passive present)
paxavъ (active participle past)
pašę (active participle present)
paxaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
paxa (aorist second-person singular)
paxa (aorist singular third-person)
pašǫ (first-person present singular)
pašeši (present second-person singular)
pašetь (present singular third-person)
paxaxově (aorist dual first-person)
paxasta (aorist dual second-person)
paxaste (aorist dual third-person)
paševě (dual first-person present)
pašeta (dual present second-person)
pašete (dual present third-person)
paxaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
paxaste (aorist plural second-person)
paxašę (aorist plural third-person)
pašemъ (first-person plural present)
pašete (plural present second-person)
pašǫtь (plural present third-person)
paxaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
paxaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
paxaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
paši (imperative second-person singular)
paši (imperative singular third-person)
paxaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
paxaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
paxaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pašivě (dual first-person imperative)
pašita (dual imperative second-person)
paxaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
paxaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
paxaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pašimъ (first-person imperative plural)
pašite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: Archangelsk dialectal паха́ть (paxátʹ, “to sweep (the chimney)”), 1sg. пашу́ (pašú)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: пахати (paxati, “to wave, to agitate”)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: па́хам (páham, “to sweep, to clean”) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: па̏хати (“to dust, to blow off”), 1sg. па̏ха̄м; па́хати (“to dust, to blow off; to stink”), 1sg. па̑ше̄м

Latin: pȁxati (“to dust, to blow off”), 1sg. pȁxām; páxati (“to dust, to blow off; to stink”), 1sg. pȃšēm

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: páhati (“to dust, to brush off”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. pȃham (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Sorbian:

desc

Upper Sorbian: pachać (“to emit smoke, to smoke”)

Lower Sorbian: pachaś (“to brush away”)

Unclear. Per Vasmer, probably onomatopoeic. Alternatively, related to Old Norse fǫnn (“snowdrift”) (< *fazn-), Old High German fesa (“chaff”) and perhaps Tocharian B pīsäl (“chaff”) via a tentative Proto-Indo-European root *pes- (“~ to blow”).


paxati

pāxàti (canonical)
b (accent-paradigm)
paxanьje (noun-from-verb)
paxati (infinitive)
paxatъ (supine)
paxalъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
paxanъ (participle passive past)
pašemъ (participle passive present)
paxavъ (active participle past)
pašę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
paxaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
paxa (aorist second-person singular)
paxa (aorist singular third-person)
pašǫ (first-person present singular)
pašeši (present second-person singular)
pašetь (present singular third-person)
paxaxově (aorist dual first-person)
paxasta (aorist dual second-person)
paxaste (aorist dual third-person)
paševě (dual first-person present)
pašeta (dual present second-person)
pašete (dual present third-person)
paxaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
paxaste (aorist plural second-person)
paxašę (aorist plural third-person)
pašemъ (first-person plural present)
pašete (plural present second-person)
pašǫtь (plural present third-person)
paxaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
paxaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
paxaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
paši (imperative second-person singular)
paši (imperative singular third-person)
paxaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
paxaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
paxaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pašivě (dual first-person imperative)
pašita (dual imperative second-person)
paxaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
paxaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
paxaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pašimъ (first-person imperative plural)
pašite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: пахати (paxati) (12th century)

Russian: паха́ть (paxátʹ, “to plow, to till”), 1sg. пашу́ (pašú), 3sg. па́шет (pášet)

Ukrainian: паха́ти (paxáty) (archaic)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: dialectal па́хам (páham, “to plow and sow”)

West Slavic:

Czech: páchat (“to do, to make, (dialectal) to herd cattle”)

Old Polish: pachać (“to dig, to cause harm”)

Slovak: páchať (“to accomplish, to perform”)

Unclear. Derksen suggests a vaguely possible relationship with *pasti (“to pasture”), but notes that the accentual properties of the root don't match. Chernykh suggests the same relationship. Vasmer conjectures a relationship with Latin pāla (“shovel, spade”), possibly < *pastlā, pastinum (“hoe for digging and loosening a vineyard”), and/or with Ossetian фадын (fadyn, “to split”), Old Armenian հատանեմ (hatanem, “to cut off, to cut into pieces”), հատու (hatu, “piercing, sharp”). Vasmer also notes that a relationship with *paxati (“to sweep”) is conceivable by taking into account the nature of the Russian plow, whose blade sweeps the soil aside.

cog

to plow? to perform? to herd cattle? to dig?


otъverti

otъvèrti (canonical)
b (accent-paradigm)
otъvьrtьje (noun-from-verb)
otъverti (infinitive)
otъvertъ (supine)
otъvьrlъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
otъvьrtъ (participle passive past)
otъvьromъ (participle passive present)
otъvьrъ (active participle past)
otъvьry (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
otъverxъ (aorist first-person singular)
otъver (aorist second-person singular)
otъver (aorist singular third-person)
otъvьrǫ (first-person present singular)
otъvьreši (present second-person singular)
otъvьretь (present singular third-person)
otъverxově (aorist dual first-person)
otъversta (aorist dual second-person)
otъverste (aorist dual third-person)
otъvьrevě (dual first-person present)
otъvьreta (dual present second-person)
otъvьrete (dual present third-person)
otъverxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
otъverste (aorist plural second-person)
otъveršę (aorist plural third-person)
otъvьremъ (first-person plural present)
otъvьrete (plural present second-person)
otъvьrǫtь (plural present third-person)
otъvьrěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
otъvьrěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
otъvьrěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
otъvьri (imperative second-person singular)
otъvьri (imperative singular third-person)
otъvьrěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
otъvьrěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
otъvьrěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
otъvьrěvě (dual first-person imperative)
otъvьrěta (dual imperative second-person)
otъvьrěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
otъvьrěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
otъvьrěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
otъvьrěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
otъvьrěte (imperative plural second-person)
*otverti (alternative)

East Slavic:

Russian: отвере́ть (otverétʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ода̀вријети (Vuk's dictionary)

Latin: odàvrijeti (Vuk's dictionary)

Slovene: odvrẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: otevřieti

Czech: otevřít

Old Polish: odewrzeć, otewrzeć

desc

Polish: odewrzeć (dialectal), otworzyć (suppletive participles and past tense forms only)

Slovincian: vɵ̀tevřėc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wotewrić

Lower Sorbian: wótewrěś (archaic)

From *otъ- + *verti. Akin to Lithuanian atverti, Latvian atvērt.


otъvoriti

otъvorìti (canonical)
b (accent-paradigm)
otъvořenьje (noun-from-verb)
otъvoriti (infinitive)
otъvoritъ (supine)
otъvorilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
otъvořenъ (participle passive past)
otъvorimъ (participle passive present)
otъvořь (active participle past)
otъvorę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
otъvorixъ (aorist first-person singular)
otъvori (aorist second-person singular)
otъvori (aorist singular third-person)
otъvořǫ (first-person present singular)
otъvoriši (present second-person singular)
otъvoritь (present singular third-person)
otъvorixově (aorist dual first-person)
otъvorista (aorist dual second-person)
otъvoriste (aorist dual third-person)
otъvorivě (dual first-person present)
otъvorita (dual present second-person)
otъvorite (dual present third-person)
otъvorixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
otъvoriste (aorist plural second-person)
otъvorišę (aorist plural third-person)
otъvorimъ (first-person plural present)
otъvorite (plural present second-person)
otъvorętь (plural present third-person)
otъvořaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
otъvořaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
otъvořaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
otъvori (imperative second-person singular)
otъvori (imperative singular third-person)
otъvořaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
otъvořaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
otъvořaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
otъvorivě (dual first-person imperative)
otъvorita (dual imperative second-person)
otъvořaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
otъvořaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
otъvořaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
otъvorimъ (first-person imperative plural)
otъvorite (imperative plural second-person)
*otvorìti (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: отворити (otvoriti)

Russian: отвори́ть (otvorítʹ)

Ukrainian: отвори́ти (otvorýty) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: отворити (otvoriti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: отво́ря (otvórja)

Macedonian: отвори (otvori)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: отво̀рити

Latin script: otvòriti

Slovene: otvoríti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: otvořiti

Czech: otvořiti (obsolete), otvořiť (dialectal), otvoric (dialectal)

Polabian: (wittöhr, vitör (“open the door”, imperative))

desctree

Old Polish: otworzyć
Polish: otworzyć, ôtworzyć (Przemyśl)
Silesian: ôtworzić

Slovak: otvoriť

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: òtwòrzëc (rare)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wótworiś

Causative/iterative from *otъverti (“to open”); see there for etymology.


otъvěťati

otъvěťanьje (noun-from-verb)
otъvěťati (infinitive)
otъvěťatъ (supine)
otъvěťalъ (l-participle)
otъvěťanъ (participle passive past)
otъvěťajemъ (participle passive present)
otъvěťavъ (active participle past)
otъvěťaję (active participle present)
otъvěťaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
otъvěťa (aorist second-person singular)
otъvěťa (aorist singular third-person)
otъvěťajǫ (first-person present singular)
otъvěťaješi (present second-person singular)
otъvěťajetь (present singular third-person)
otъvěťaxově (aorist dual first-person)
otъvěťasta (aorist dual second-person)
otъvěťaste (aorist dual third-person)
otъvěťajevě (dual first-person present)
otъvěťajeta (dual present second-person)
otъvěťajete (dual present third-person)
otъvěťaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
otъvěťaste (aorist plural second-person)
otъvěťašę (aorist plural third-person)
otъvěťajemъ (first-person plural present)
otъvěťajete (plural present second-person)
otъvěťajǫtь (plural present third-person)
otъvěťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
otъvěťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
otъvěťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
otъvěťaji (imperative second-person singular)
otъvěťaji (imperative singular third-person)
otъvěťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
otъvěťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
otъvěťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
otъvěťajivě (dual first-person imperative)
otъvěťajita (dual imperative second-person)
otъvěťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
otъvěťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
otъvěťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
otъvěťajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
otъvěťajite (imperative plural second-person)
*otvěťati (alternative)
*otъvětati (alternative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: отъвѣчати (otŭvěčati), отъвѣтати (otŭvětati)

Belarusian: адвяча́ць (advjačácʹ) (dialectal)

Russian: отвеча́ть (otvečátʹ)

Ukrainian: відвіча́ти (vidvičáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: отъвѣщати (otŭvěštati)

Bulgarian: отвѣщаѭ (otvěštajǫ) (archaic; Gerov's dictionary)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: одвијећати, одвијетати

Cyrillic script: одвијећати, одвијетати

Latin script: odvijećati, odvijetati

West Slavic:

Czech: odveceti (archaic)

From *otъvětiti + *-ati; see also *otъ-, *věťati.


otъverzti

otъvьrstьje (noun-from-verb)
otъverzti (infinitive)
otъverztъ (supine)
otъvьrzlъ (l-participle)
otъvьrstъ (participle passive past)
otъvьrzomъ (participle passive present)
otъvьrzъ (active participle past)
otъvьrzy (active participle present)
otъvьrzъ (aorist first-person singular)
otъvьrzoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
otъvьrze (aorist second-person singular)
otъvьrze (aorist singular third-person)
otъvьrzǫ (first-person present singular)
otъvьrzeši (present second-person singular)
otъvьrzetь (present singular third-person)
otъvьrzově (aorist dual first-person)
otъvьrzoxově (aorist dual first-person)
otъvьrzeta (aorist dual second-person)
otъvьrzosta (aorist dual second-person)
otъvьrzete (aorist dual third-person)
otъvьrzoste (aorist dual third-person)
otъvьrzevě (dual first-person present)
otъvьrzeta (dual present second-person)
otъvьrzete (dual present third-person)
otъvьrzomъ (aorist first-person plural)
otъvьrzoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
otъvьrzete (aorist plural second-person)
otъvьrzoste (aorist plural second-person)
otъvьrzǫ (aorist plural third-person)
otъvьrzošę (aorist plural third-person)
otъvьrzemъ (first-person plural present)
otъvьrzete (plural present second-person)
otъvьrzǫtь (plural present third-person)
otъvьrzěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
otъvьrzěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
otъvьrzěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
otъvьrzi (imperative second-person singular)
otъvьrzi (imperative singular third-person)
otъvьrzěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
otъvьrzěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
otъvьrzěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
otъvьrzěvě (dual first-person imperative)
otъvьrzěta (dual imperative second-person)
otъvьrzěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
otъvьrzěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
otъvьrzěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
otъvьrzěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
otъvьrzěte (imperative plural second-person)
otъvьrstьje (noun-from-verb)
otъverzti (infinitive)
otъverztъ (supine)
otъvьrzlъ (l-participle)
otъvьrstъ (participle passive past)
otъvьrzomъ (participle passive present)
otъvьrzъ (active participle past)
otъvьrzy (active participle present)
otъversъ (aorist first-person singular)
otъverze (aorist second-person singular)
otъverze (aorist singular third-person)
otъvьrzǫ (first-person present singular)
otъvьrzeši (present second-person singular)
otъvьrzetь (present singular third-person)
otъversově (aorist dual first-person)
otъversta (aorist dual second-person)
otъverste (aorist dual third-person)
otъvьrzevě (dual first-person present)
otъvьrzeta (dual present second-person)
otъvьrzete (dual present third-person)
otъversomъ (aorist first-person plural)
otъverste (aorist plural second-person)
otъversę (aorist plural third-person)
otъvьrzemъ (first-person plural present)
otъvьrzete (plural present second-person)
otъvьrzǫtь (plural present third-person)
otъvьrzěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
otъvьrzěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
otъvьrzěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
otъvьrzi (imperative second-person singular)
otъvьrzi (imperative singular third-person)
otъvьrzěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
otъvьrzěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
otъvьrzěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
otъvьrzěvě (dual first-person imperative)
otъvьrzěta (dual imperative second-person)
otъvьrzěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
otъvьrzěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
otъvьrzěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
otъvьrzěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
otъvьrzěte (imperative plural second-person)
*otverzti (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: отъврезти (otŭvrezti)

Russian: poetic отве́рзть (otvérztʹ)

Ukrainian: (отве́рзтися (otvérztysja))

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: отъвьрзати (otŭvĭrzati), отъврѣщи (otŭvrěšti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: отвъ́ржа (otvǎ́rža)

Macedonian: одврже (odvrže), одврзе (odvrze) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: одвр́сти (Karadzić's dictionary)

Latin: odvŕsti

From *otъ- + *verzti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *verź-, from Proto-Indo-European *werǵʰ-. Cognate with Lithuanian ver̃žti (“to string, to squeeze, to tighten”), Old High German wurgen (“to strangle”).


oťutiti

oťutìti (canonical)
oťuťenьje (noun-from-verb)
oťutiti (infinitive)
oťutitъ (supine)
oťutilъ (l-participle)
oťuťenъ (participle passive past)
oťutimъ (participle passive present)
oťuťь (active participle past)
oťutę (active participle present)
oťutixъ (aorist first-person singular)
oťuti (aorist second-person singular)
oťuti (aorist singular third-person)
oťuťǫ (first-person present singular)
oťutiši (present second-person singular)
oťutitь (present singular third-person)
oťutixově (aorist dual first-person)
oťutista (aorist dual second-person)
oťutiste (aorist dual third-person)
oťutivě (dual first-person present)
oťutita (dual present second-person)
oťutite (dual present third-person)
oťutixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
oťutiste (aorist plural second-person)
oťutišę (aorist plural third-person)
oťutimъ (first-person plural present)
oťutite (plural present second-person)
oťutętь (plural present third-person)
oťuťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
oťuťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
oťuťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
oťuti (imperative second-person singular)
oťuti (imperative singular third-person)
oťuťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
oťuťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
oťuťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
oťutivě (dual first-person imperative)
oťutita (dual imperative second-person)
oťuťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
oťuťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
oťuťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
oťutimъ (first-person imperative plural)
oťutite (imperative plural second-person)
*otъjutiti (alternative)
*oťutiti (alternative)
*obťutiti (alternative)
*občutiti (alternative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: очꙋтити (očutiti), очꙋтитисꙗ (očutitisja)

Belarusian: ачуці́цца (ačucícca)

Russian: очути́ться (očutítʹsja)

Ukrainian: очути́тися (očutýtysja), очу́титися (očútytysja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: ощоутити (oštutiti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ћу́тјети (archaic, literary)

Latin: ćútjeti (archaic, literary)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: čutīti, čútiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: cútiti

Czech: cítit

Old Polish: ocucić

Polish: ocucić, cucić

Slovak: cítiť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wocućić, cućić

Lower Sorbian: wóćuśiś

From *ot- + Proto-Balto-Slavic *jaut-. Cognate with Lithuanian jaũsti (“to feel, to sense”) (1sg. jaučiù, 3sg. jaũčia, 3sg. past jaũtė), jùsti (“to feel”) (1sg. juntù, 3sg. juñta, 3sg. past jùto), jutė́ti (“to feel”) (1sg. jutù), Latvian jàust (“to feel, to notice, to understand, to heed”), just (“to feel, to notice”). Per Derksen, possibly connected with Sanskrit वत् (vat, “to get acquainted with”), but only under the assumption that the zero-grade Proto-Indo-European *ut- of the root *wet- was formed into a new full grade *ewt- in the Indo-European dialects underlying Balto-Slavic.
Forms in daughter languages that lack initial o- are due to reanalysis of assimilated *oťutiti as *o-ťutiti with prefix *o-, followed by extraction of the reanalyzed root verb.


oťьtnǫti

oťьtenьje (noun-from-verb)
oťьtnǫti (infinitive)
oťьtnǫtъ (supine)
oťьtlъ (l-participle)
oťьtenъ (participle passive past)
oťьtъ (active participle past)
oťьtъ (aorist first-person singular)
oťьtoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
oťьte (aorist second-person singular)
oťьte (aorist singular third-person)
oťьtnǫ (first-person present singular)
oťьtneši (present second-person singular)
oťьtnetь (present singular third-person)
oťьtově (aorist dual first-person)
oťьtoxově (aorist dual first-person)
oťьteta (aorist dual second-person)
oťьtosta (aorist dual second-person)
oťьtete (aorist dual third-person)
oťьtoste (aorist dual third-person)
oťьtnevě (dual first-person present)
oťьtneta (dual present second-person)
oťьtnete (dual present third-person)
oťьtomъ (aorist first-person plural)
oťьtoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
oťьtete (aorist plural second-person)
oťьtoste (aorist plural second-person)
oťьtǫ (aorist plural third-person)
oťьtošę (aorist plural third-person)
oťьtnemъ (first-person plural present)
oťьtnete (plural present second-person)
oťьtnǫtь (plural present third-person)
oťьtni (imperative second-person singular)
oťьtni (imperative singular third-person)
oťьtněvě (dual first-person imperative)
oťьtněta (dual imperative second-person)
oťьtněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
oťьtněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: очхнѫтисѧ (očxnǫtisę)

Belarusian: ачну́цца (ačnúcca)

Russian: очну́ться (očnútʹsja) (literary)

Ukrainian: очну́тися (očnútysja) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: octnúti

Czech: octnout, ocitnout

Polish: ocknąć, (archaic) ocnąć

Slovak: ocitnúť

See *oťutiti (“to feel, to perceive”) for etymology. Note that that verb is built off of Proto-Slavic *jut- (full grade), whereas this verb is built off of Proto-Slavic *jьt- (zero grade of the same root). If Proto-Slavic *jut- is ultimately connected with Sanskrit वत् (vat, “to get acquainted with”) (see the discussion under *otjutiti), the *j- in *jьt- must be borrowed from the full grade (per Derksen).

to wake up? to come to be, to find oneself?


dǫga

dǭgà (canonical feminine)
dǭgà (nominative singular)
dǫ̃dzě (dual nominative)
dǭgỳ (nominative plural)
dǭgỳ (genitive singular)
dǭgù (dual genitive)
dǫ̃gъ (genitive plural)
dǭdzě̀ (dative singular)
dǭgàma (dative dual)
dǭgàmъ (dative plural)
dǭgǫ̀ (accusative singular)
dǫ̃dzě (accusative dual)
dǭgỳ (accusative plural)
dǭgòjǫ (instrumental singular)
dǫ̃gǫ (instrumental singular)
dǭgàma (dual instrumental)
dǭgàmī (instrumental plural)
dǭdzě̀ (locative singular)
dǭgù (dual locative)
dǭgàsъ (locative plural)
dǭgàxъ (locative plural)
dǫgo (singular vocative)
dǫ̃dzě (dual vocative)
dǭgỳ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: дѫга (dǫga), дуга (duga)

Old Ruthenian: дуга́ (duhá)

Ukrainian: дуга́ (duhá)

Russian: дуга́ (dugá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: дѫга (dǫga)

Bulgarian: дъга́ (dǎgá), дъ́нга (dǎ́nga) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ду́га

Latin script: dúga

Slovene: doga

West Slavic:

Old Czech: duha

Czech: duha

Kashubian: tãga

Old Polish: dęga

Polish: dęga (dialectal)

Silesian: danga, dynga

Slovak: dúha

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dangāˀ. Cognate with Latvian dañga (“corner”), Lithuanian dangà (“cover”), dánga, dangùs (“sky, heaven”).


golěnь

gȍlěnь (canonical feminine)
*golěnъ (alternative)
*golěno (alternative)
*golěna (alternative)
gȍlěnь (nominative singular)
gȍlěni (dual nominative)
gȍlěni (nominative plural)
golění (genitive singular)
golěnьjù (dual genitive)
golěnь̀jь (genitive plural)
gȍlěni (dative singular)
golěnьmà (dative dual)
gȍlěnьmъ (dative plural)
gȍlěnь (accusative singular)
gȍlěni (accusative dual)
gȍlěni (accusative plural)
golěnьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
golěnьmà (dual instrumental)
golěnьmì (instrumental plural)
golění (locative singular)
golěnьjù (dual locative)
gȍlěnьxъ (locative plural)
golěni (singular vocative)
gȍlěni (dual vocative)
gȍlěni (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: голѣнь (golěnĭ), голень (golenĭ)

Belarusian: голень (hóljenʹ)

Russian: го́лень (gólenʹ); (dialectal) го́лянь (góljanʹ), голе́нь (golénʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: голѣнь (golěnĭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: го̏лије̄н

Latin script: gȍlijēn

Slovene: golẹ̑n (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: holeň

Polish: goleń (“shin, calf”)

Slovak: holeň

Slovincian: gôleń

Normally associated to *golъ (“bare, naked”) + *-ěnь, from Proto-Indo-European *gelH- (“bare, naked”). If so, the original meaning would have been “bare bone”, per Brückner, perhaps in reference to the lack of muscles on the front of the shinbone.
An origin from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to project, to prod”) also possible, semantically analogous to Proto-Slavic *bedro (“thigh”) from Proto-Balto-Slavic *béstеi (“to prick, to stab”). Akin terms in that case would be Lithuanian gãlas (“end, extreme, tip”), Latvian gals (“tip, end”).
Berneker and Mladenov also suggest distant relation to Ancient Greek γύαλον (gúalon, “hollow structure, depression”), γυῖον (guîon, “limb”) possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to crook, to bend”). Rejected on phonetic ground by Trubachev (ESSJa).

cog

(by extension) shank, crus (lower part of the leg between the knee and the ankle)

(East Slavic) lower leafless part of tree crown (between the trunk and the true crown)


avorъ

àvorъ (canonical masculine)
avorъ (nominative singular)
avora (dual nominative)
avori (nominative plural)
avora (genitive singular)
avoru (dual genitive)
avorъ (genitive plural)
avoru (dative singular)
avoroma (dative dual)
avoromъ (dative plural)
avorъ (accusative singular)
avora (accusative dual)
avory (accusative plural)
avorъmь (instrumental singular)
avoromь (instrumental singular)
avoroma (dual instrumental)
avorȳ (instrumental plural)
avorě (locative singular)
avoru (dual locative)
avorě̄xъ (locative plural)
avore (singular vocative)
avora (dual vocative)
avori (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old Ruthenian: ꙗ́воръ (jávor)
Belarusian: я́вар (jávar)
Carpathian Rusyn: я́вур (jávur)
Ukrainian: я́вір (jávir); явор (javor) (dialectal)

Russian: я́вор (jávor)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: *аворъ (*avorŭ)

Church Slavonic: аворъ (avorŭ), ꙗворъ (javorŭ)

Bulgarian: я́вор (jávor), а́вор (ávor)

Macedonian: јавор (javor)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ја̏вор; јахор (dialectal)

Latin script: jȁvor; jahor (dialectal)

Slovene: jávor (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: jawòr

Old Czech: javor

Czech: javor

Polabian: jovåră pl

Old Polish: jawor

Polish: jawor; jawór, jabór (dialectal)

→ Vilamovian: jāwer

Slovak: javor

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: jawor

Upper Sorbian: jawor

Non-Slavic:

→ Lithuanian: jõvaras

Rather unlikely from intermediary *āorъ, having been borrowed from Proto-West Germanic *ahurn (“maple”), particularly from a late form without intervocalic [h]. Otherwise, maybe from the same European substrate after the underlying language underwent a sound change from [k] to [v] or a sound shift of comparable consonants. The later borrowing into Proto-Slavic is more probable due to the retention of the exact synonym *klenъ. Compare Latin acer and Ancient Greek ἄκαστος (ákastos).
Adding to that, the maple (Acer) grew only in the western half and particularly the Norway maple (Acer platanoides) as its most widespread kind reached only the western border of the Yamna culture in case that both were even as far distributed from Europe up to there as nowadays. On the one hand, the frequency of the Norway maple is condensed into Europe, on the other hand, it is considered native as well to the eastern end of the Caucasus but this does not exclude it having been introduced as it might not have been recorded. If any maple overall only recently extended up to the Pontic–Caspian steppe and surrounding regions, back then it might not have even been adjacent to the Yamna culture at all. This makes a borrowing from a substrate into ancient or early medieval Indo-European languages substantially necessary. Non-cognate Ancient Greek σφένδᾰμνος (sphéndămnos, “maple”) and Old Armenian դղքի (dłkʻi, “maple”) may have a substrate etymology as well even though a possible internal formation was also considered for Ancient Greek.
If Germanic, Latin and Greek words are of native origin, they might derive from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”) which is supposed to refer to the shape of the leaves.