dьnьsь

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дьньсь (dĭnĭsĭ), денесь (denesĭ)

Russian: (obsolete) днесь (dnesʹ)

Ukrainian: (obsolete) днесь (dnesʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: днесь (dnesʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: дьньсь (dĭnĭsĭ)

Glagolitic: ⰴⱐⱀⱐⱄⱐ (dĭnĭsĭ)

Bulgarian: днес (dnes), де́нес (dénes) (dialectal), дънъс (dǎnǎs) (dialectal)

Macedonian: денес (denes)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: данас

Latin script: dànas

Chakavian danȁs

Slovene: dánes (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dnes, dens
Czech: dnes

desctree

Old Polish: dzińsia, dzisia
Polish: dzisiaj, dzisia, dzisiaś (Middle Polish)
Silesian: dzisioj, dzisio (Northern Silesian), dzisiej

Old Slovak: dnes

desc

Pannonian Rusyn: днєш (dnješ) (obsolete)

Slovak: dnes

Polabian: dans

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: dzys, dzysô

Slovincian: dzys

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: źinsa

Upper Sorbian: dźens, dźensa

днеска

*dьnьsьka (*dьnьsь + *-ka (“pronomial suffix for manner/amount”))

сього́дні

*sego dьne (genitive of *sь dьnь); Ukrainian


pędlo

pę̀dlo (canonical neuter)
pę̀dlo (nominative singular)
pę̀dlě (dual nominative)
pę̀dla (nominative plural)
pę̀dla (genitive singular)
pę̀dlu (dual genitive)
pę̀dlъ (genitive plural)
pę̀dlu (dative singular)
pę̀dloma (dative dual)
pę̀dlomъ (dative plural)
pę̀dlo (accusative singular)
pę̀dlě (accusative dual)
pę̀dla (accusative plural)
pę̀dlъmь (instrumental singular)
pę̀dlomь (instrumental singular)
pę̀dloma (dual instrumental)
pę̀dlȳ (instrumental plural)
pę̀dlě (locative singular)
pę̀dlu (dual locative)
pę̀dlě̄xъ (locative plural)
pę̀dlo (singular vocative)
pę̀dlě (dual vocative)
pę̀dla (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: пя́ла (pjála)

Russian: пя́ло (pjálo), пяльцы (pjalʹcy)

Ukrainian: п’яло (pʺjalo)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пропело

Latin script: propelo

West Slavic:

Czech: padla pl (obsolete)

Polish: piądło

Slovak: piadlo


pelnъ

pȇlnъ (canonical masculine)
pelnъ (nominative singular)
pelna (dual nominative)
pelni (nominative plural)
pelna (genitive singular)
pelnu (dual genitive)
pelnъ (genitive plural)
pelnu (dative singular)
pelnoma (dative dual)
pelnomъ (dative plural)
pelnъ (accusative singular)
pelna (accusative dual)
pelny (accusative plural)
pelnъmь (instrumental singular)
pelnomь (instrumental singular)
pelnoma (dual instrumental)
pelny (instrumental plural)
pelně (locative singular)
pelnu (dual locative)
pelněxъ (locative plural)
pelne (singular vocative)
pelna (dual vocative)
pelni (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: полонъ (polonŭ)

Old Ruthenian: поло́нъ (polón)

Belarusian: пало́н (palón)

Carpathian Rusyn: пōлон (pōlon)

Ukrainian: поло́н (polón)

Russian: (archaic, poetic) поло́н (polón)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: плѣнъ (plěnŭ)

Bulgarian: плен (plen)

Macedonian: плен (plen)

→ Old Ruthenian: плѣнъ (plěn)

Carpathian Rusyn: плїн (pljin)

→ Russian: плен (plen)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пле̑н, плије̑н

Latin: plȇn, plijȇn

Slovene: plen

West Slavic:

Kashubian: plón

Old Czech: plen

Czech: plen

Old Polish: plon

Polish: plon

→ Old Ruthenian: плїонъ (pljon)

Belarusian: плён (pljon)

Silesian: plōn

Slovak: plen

Per Vasmer, from Proto-Indo-European *pel-, *pl̥n-. Cognates include Lithuanian pel̃nas (“profit”), Sanskrit पणते (paṇate, “to barter, negotiate”), Ancient Greek πωλέω (pōléō, “I sell”), German feil (“vendible, for sale”)


zorkъ

zȏrkъ (canonical masculine)
zorkъ (nominative singular)
zorka (dual nominative)
zorci (nominative plural)
zorka (genitive singular)
zorku (dual genitive)
zorkъ (genitive plural)
zorku (dative singular)
zorkoma (dative dual)
zorkomъ (dative plural)
zorkъ (accusative singular)
zorka (accusative dual)
zorky (accusative plural)
zorkъmь (instrumental singular)
zorkomь (instrumental singular)
zorkoma (dual instrumental)
zorky (instrumental plural)
zorcě (locative singular)
zorku (dual locative)
zorcěxъ (locative plural)
zorče (singular vocative)
zorka (dual vocative)
zorci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: зо́рак (zórak)

Russian: зо́рок (zórok) (dialectal)

Ukrainian:

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: зракъ (zrakŭ)

Bulgarian: зрак (zrak)

→ Russian: зрак (zrak) (obsolete)

Macedonian: зрак (zrak)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: зра̑к, зра̏ка

Latin script: zrȃk, zrȁka

Slovene: zràk

West Slavic:

Old Czech: zrak

Czech: zrak

desctree

Old Polish: zrok
⇒ Polish: wzrok, wejzrok (Chełmno-Dobrzyń)
→ Belarusian: зрок (zrok)
Silesian: zdrok

Slovak: zrak


krasьnъ

krasьnъ (masculine nominative singular)
krasьna (feminine nominative singular)
krasьno (neuter nominative singular)
krasьna (genitive masculine singular)
krasьny (feminine genitive singular)
krasьna (genitive neuter singular)
krasьnu (dative masculine singular)
krasьně (dative feminine singular)
krasьnu (dative neuter singular)
krasьnъ (accusative masculine singular)
krasьnǫ (accusative feminine singular)
krasьno (accusative neuter singular)
krasьnomь (instrumental masculine singular)
krasьnojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
krasьnomь (instrumental neuter singular)
krasьně (locative masculine singular)
krasьně (feminine locative singular)
krasьně (locative neuter singular)
krasьne (masculine singular vocative)
krasьno (feminine singular vocative)
krasьno (neuter singular vocative)
krasьna (dual masculine nominative)
krasьně (dual feminine nominative)
krasьně (dual neuter nominative)
krasьnu (dual genitive masculine)
krasьnu (dual feminine genitive)
krasьnu (dual genitive neuter)
krasьnoma (dative dual masculine)
krasьnama (dative dual feminine)
krasьnoma (dative dual neuter)
krasьna (accusative dual masculine)
krasьně (accusative dual feminine)
krasьně (accusative dual neuter)
krasьnoma (dual instrumental masculine)
krasьnama (dual feminine instrumental)
krasьnoma (dual instrumental neuter)
krasьnu (dual locative masculine)
krasьnu (dual feminine locative)
krasьnu (dual locative neuter)
krasьna (dual masculine vocative)
krasьně (dual feminine vocative)
krasьně (dual neuter vocative)
krasьni (masculine nominative plural)
krasьny (feminine nominative plural)
krasьna (neuter nominative plural)
krasьnъ (genitive masculine plural)
krasьnъ (feminine genitive plural)
krasьnъ (genitive neuter plural)
krasьnomъ (dative masculine plural)
krasьnamъ (dative feminine plural)
krasьnomъ (dative neuter plural)
krasьny (accusative masculine plural)
krasьny (accusative feminine plural)
krasьna (accusative neuter plural)
krasьny (instrumental masculine plural)
krasьnami (feminine instrumental plural)
krasьny (instrumental neuter plural)
krasьněxъ (locative masculine plural)
krasьnaxъ (feminine locative plural)
krasьněxъ (locative neuter plural)
krasьni (masculine plural vocative)
krasьny (feminine plural vocative)
krasьna (neuter plural vocative)
krasьnъjь (masculine nominative singular)
krasьnaja (feminine nominative singular)
krasьnoje (neuter nominative singular)
krasьnajego (genitive masculine singular)
krasьnyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
krasьnajego (genitive neuter singular)
krasьnujemu (dative masculine singular)
krasьněji (dative feminine singular)
krasьnujemu (dative neuter singular)
krasьnъjь (accusative masculine singular)
krasьnǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
krasьnoje (accusative neuter singular)
krasьnyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
krasьnǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
krasьnyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
krasьnějemь (locative masculine singular)
krasьněji (feminine locative singular)
krasьnějemь (locative neuter singular)
krasьnъjь (masculine singular vocative)
krasьnaja (feminine singular vocative)
krasьnoje (neuter singular vocative)
krasьnaja (dual masculine nominative)
krasьněji (dual feminine nominative)
krasьněji (dual neuter nominative)
krasьnuju (dual genitive masculine)
krasьnuju (dual feminine genitive)
krasьnuju (dual genitive neuter)
krasьnyjima (dative dual masculine)
krasьnyjima (dative dual feminine)
krasьnyjima (dative dual neuter)
krasьnaja (accusative dual masculine)
krasьněji (accusative dual feminine)
krasьněji (accusative dual neuter)
krasьnyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
krasьnyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
krasьnyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
krasьnuju (dual locative masculine)
krasьnuju (dual feminine locative)
krasьnuju (dual locative neuter)
krasьnaja (dual masculine vocative)
krasьněji (dual feminine vocative)
krasьněji (dual neuter vocative)
krasьniji (masculine nominative plural)
krasьnyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
krasьnaja (neuter nominative plural)
krasьnъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
krasьnъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
krasьnъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
krasьnyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
krasьnyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
krasьnyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
krasьnyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
krasьnyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
krasьnaja (accusative neuter plural)
krasьnyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
krasьnyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
krasьnyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
krasьnyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
krasьnyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
krasьnyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
krasьniji (masculine plural vocative)
krasьnyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
krasьnaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: кра́сьнъ (krásĭnŭ), кра́сьнꙑи (krásĭnyi)

Old Ruthenian: кра́сный (krásnyj)

Belarusian: кра́сны (krásny)

Carpathian Rusyn: кра́сный (krásnŷj)

Ukrainian: кра́сний (krásnyj)

Russian: кра́сный (krásnyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: красьнъ (krasĭnŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰽⱃⰰⱄⱐⱀⱏ (krasĭnŭ)

Bulgarian: кра́сен (krásen) (archaic, poetic)

Macedonian: красен (krasen)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кра̑сан

Latin script: krȃsan

Slovene: krásen

West Slavic:

Old Czech: krásný

Czech: krásný

Polish: kraśny, krasny

Old Slovak: krásny

Pannonian Rusyn: красни (krasni)

Slovak: krásny

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: krasny

Lower Sorbian: kšasny


sormъ

sȏrmъ (canonical masculine)
sȏrmъ (nominative singular)
sȏrma (dual nominative)
sȏrmi (nominative plural)
sȏrma (genitive singular)
sormù (dual genitive)
sõrmъ (genitive plural)
sȏrmu (dative singular)
sormomà (dative dual)
sormòmъ (dative plural)
sȏrmъ (accusative singular)
sȏrma (accusative dual)
sȏrmy (accusative plural)
sȏrmъmь (instrumental singular)
sȏrmomь (instrumental singular)
sormomà (dual instrumental)
sormý (instrumental plural)
sȏrmě (locative singular)
sormù (dual locative)
sormě̃xъ (locative plural)
sorme (singular vocative)
sȏrma (dual vocative)
sȏrmi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: соромъ (soromŭ)

Belarusian: со́рам (sóram)

Russian: соро́м (soróm) (regional or dated)

Ukrainian: со́ром (sórom)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: срамъ (sramŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱃⰰⰿⱏ (sramŭ)

Macedonian: срам (sram)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сра̑м

Latin script: srȃm

Slovene: srȃm (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech:

Slovak:

Old Polish: srom

Polish: srom

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: srom

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śarmas, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱer(H)- (“pain, harm”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *harmaz (“harm”), Persian شرم (šarm, “shame”). Probably further akin to Latvian sērmelis (“terror”).
Formally comparable with Lithuanian šarmá (“hoarfrost”), but uncertain if related.


-ь

-ь f Forms nouns: (canonical)
-ь (nominative singular)
-i (dual nominative)
-i (nominative plural)
-i (genitive singular)
-ьju (dual genitive)
-ьjь (genitive plural)
-i (genitive plural)
-i (dative singular)
-ьma (dative dual)
-ьmъ (dative plural)
-ь (accusative singular)
-i (accusative dual)
-i (accusative plural)
-ьjǫ (instrumental singular)
-ьma (dual instrumental)
-ьmi (instrumental plural)
-i (locative singular)
-ьju (dual locative)
-ьxъ (locative plural)
-i (singular vocative)
-i (dual vocative)
-i (plural vocative)
*-ja (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: -ь (-ĭ)

Old Ruthenian: -ь (-ʹ)

Belarusian: -ь (-ʹ)

Ukrainian: -ь (-ʹ)

Russian: -ь (-ʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: -ь (-ĭ)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-is, from Proto-Indo-European *-is. Cognate with Lithuanian -is, Old Prussian -is.

glǫbь ← *glǫbъ (“deep”)

golь ← *golъ (“naked, nude, bare; bald”)

bělь ← *bělъ (“white”)

glušь ← *gluxъ (“deaf”)

moldь ← *moldъ (“young”)

krasьnь ← *krasьnъ (“beautiful”)

četvьrtь (“quarter”) ← *četvьrtъ (“fourth”)

kopanь ← *kopanъ ← *kopati (“to dig”)

oranь ← *oranъ ← *orati (“to plow/plough”)

dьranь ← *dьranъ ← *dьrati (“to tear, flay”)

opuxlь ← *opuxlъ ← *opuxnǫti

orsědlь ← *orsědlъ ← *orsěsti

obuvь (“footwear”) ← **obovь ← *obuti (“to put on footwear”)

blędь ← *blęsti (pres. *blędǫ)

gręzь ← *gręzti (pres. *gręzǫ)

rěčь ← *reťi (“to say”) (pres. *rekǫ)

mazь ← *mazati (“to smear”) (pres. *mažǫ)


pravъ

pràvъ (canonical)
pràvъ (masculine nominative singular)
pràva (feminine nominative singular)
pràvo (neuter nominative singular)
pràva (genitive masculine singular)
pràvy (feminine genitive singular)
pràva (genitive neuter singular)
pràvu (dative masculine singular)
pràvě (dative feminine singular)
pràvu (dative neuter singular)
pràvъ (accusative masculine singular)
pràvǫ (accusative feminine singular)
pràvo (accusative neuter singular)
pràvomь (instrumental masculine singular)
pràvojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
pràvomь (instrumental neuter singular)
pràvě (locative masculine singular)
pràvě (feminine locative singular)
pràvě (locative neuter singular)
pràve (masculine singular vocative)
pràvo (feminine singular vocative)
pràvo (neuter singular vocative)
pràva (dual masculine nominative)
pràvě (dual feminine nominative)
pràvě (dual neuter nominative)
pràvu (dual genitive masculine)
pràvu (dual feminine genitive)
pràvu (dual genitive neuter)
pràvoma (dative dual masculine)
pràvama (dative dual feminine)
pràvoma (dative dual neuter)
pràva (accusative dual masculine)
pràvě (accusative dual feminine)
pràvě (accusative dual neuter)
pràvoma (dual instrumental masculine)
pràvama (dual feminine instrumental)
pràvoma (dual instrumental neuter)
pràvu (dual locative masculine)
pràvu (dual feminine locative)
pràvu (dual locative neuter)
pràva (dual masculine vocative)
pràvě (dual feminine vocative)
pràvě (dual neuter vocative)
pràvi (masculine nominative plural)
pràvy (feminine nominative plural)
pràva (neuter nominative plural)
pràvъ (genitive masculine plural)
pràvъ (feminine genitive plural)
pràvъ (genitive neuter plural)
pràvomъ (dative masculine plural)
pràvamъ (dative feminine plural)
pràvomъ (dative neuter plural)
pràvy (accusative masculine plural)
pràvy (accusative feminine plural)
pràva (accusative neuter plural)
pràvy (instrumental masculine plural)
pràvami (feminine instrumental plural)
pràvy (instrumental neuter plural)
pràvěxъ (locative masculine plural)
pràvaxъ (feminine locative plural)
pràvěxъ (locative neuter plural)
pràvi (masculine plural vocative)
pràvy (feminine plural vocative)
pràva (neuter plural vocative)
pràvъjь (masculine nominative singular)
pràvaja (feminine nominative singular)
pràvoje (neuter nominative singular)
pràvajego (genitive masculine singular)
pràvyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
pràvajego (genitive neuter singular)
pràvujemu (dative masculine singular)
pràvěji (dative feminine singular)
pràvujemu (dative neuter singular)
pràvъjь (accusative masculine singular)
pràvǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
pràvoje (accusative neuter singular)
pràvyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
pràvǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
pràvyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
pràvějemь (locative masculine singular)
pràvěji (feminine locative singular)
pràvějemь (locative neuter singular)
pràvъjь (masculine singular vocative)
pràvaja (feminine singular vocative)
pràvoje (neuter singular vocative)
pràvaja (dual masculine nominative)
pràvěji (dual feminine nominative)
pràvěji (dual neuter nominative)
pràvuju (dual genitive masculine)
pràvuju (dual feminine genitive)
pràvuju (dual genitive neuter)
pràvyjima (dative dual masculine)
pràvyjima (dative dual feminine)
pràvyjima (dative dual neuter)
pràvaja (accusative dual masculine)
pràvěji (accusative dual feminine)
pràvěji (accusative dual neuter)
pràvyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
pràvyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
pràvyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
pràvuju (dual locative masculine)
pràvuju (dual feminine locative)
pràvuju (dual locative neuter)
pràvaja (dual masculine vocative)
pràvěji (dual feminine vocative)
pràvěji (dual neuter vocative)
pràviji (masculine nominative plural)
pràvyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
pràvaja (neuter nominative plural)
pràvъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
pràvъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
pràvъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
pràvyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
pràvyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
pràvyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
pràvyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
pràvyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
pràvaja (accusative neuter plural)
pràvyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
pràvyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
pràvyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
pràvyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
pràvyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
pràvyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
pràviji (masculine plural vocative)
pràvyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
pràvaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: правꙑи (pravyi)

Belarusian: пра́вы (právy)

Russian: пра́вый (právyj)

Ukrainian: пра́вий (právyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: правъ (pravŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⱃⰰⰲⱏ (pravŭ)

Bulgarian: прав (prav)

Macedonian: прав (prav)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пра̏в

Latin script: prȁv

Slovene: prȁv (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: pravý

Czech: pravý

Old Polish: praw

Polish: prawy

Old Slovak: pravý

Pannonian Rusyn: прави (pravi)

Slovak: pravý

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: prawi

Slovincian: prawy

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: prawy

Lower Sorbian: pšawy

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *prṓˀwas, from Proto-Indo-European *preh₃-wo-s, from *per- (“to go over”). Probably cognate with Latin prōvincia (from an earlier *prōv-inquos (“vested with authority, having a right”), from **prōvos (“right, true”)).


pormъ

pormъ (nominative singular)
porma (dual nominative)
pormi (nominative plural)
porma (genitive singular)
pormu (dual genitive)
pormъ (genitive plural)
pormu (dative singular)
pormoma (dative dual)
pormomъ (dative plural)
pormъ (accusative singular)
porma (accusative dual)
pormy (accusative plural)
pormъmь (instrumental singular)
pormomь (instrumental singular)
pormoma (dual instrumental)
pormy (instrumental plural)
pormě (locative singular)
pormu (dual locative)
porměxъ (locative plural)
porme (singular vocative)
porma (dual vocative)
pormi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: поромъ (poromŭ)

Belarusian: паро́м (paróm)

Russian: поро́м (poróm), паро́м (paróm)

Ukrainian: поро́м (poróm)

South Slavic:

Russian Church Slavonic: прамъ (pramŭ)

Bulgarian: прам (pram)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пра̏м

Latin script: prȁm

West Slavic:

Old Czech: *prám

Czech: prám

→ Middle High German: prâm

→ Middle Low German: prām

German Low German: Prahm

→ German: Prahm

→ Estonian: praam

→ Middle Dutch: praem

Dutch: praam

→ English: praam, pram

→ Finnish: proomu

→ Old Norse: prámr

Danish: pram

→ Icelandic: prammi

Icelandic: prámur

Norwegian Nynorsk: pram

Swedish: pråm

Polish: prom

Slovak: prám

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: prama

From Proto-Indo-European *pórmos, also found in Proto-Germanic *farmaz (“fare; load, cargo”), from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to cross over”).


krǫglъ

krǫglъ (masculine nominative singular)
krǫgla (feminine nominative singular)
krǫglo (neuter nominative singular)
krǫgla (genitive masculine singular)
krǫgly (feminine genitive singular)
krǫgla (genitive neuter singular)
krǫglu (dative masculine singular)
krǫglě (dative feminine singular)
krǫglu (dative neuter singular)
krǫglъ (accusative masculine singular)
krǫglǫ (accusative feminine singular)
krǫglo (accusative neuter singular)
krǫglomь (instrumental masculine singular)
krǫglojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
krǫglomь (instrumental neuter singular)
krǫglě (locative masculine singular)
krǫglě (feminine locative singular)
krǫglě (locative neuter singular)
krǫgle (masculine singular vocative)
krǫglo (feminine singular vocative)
krǫglo (neuter singular vocative)
krǫgla (dual masculine nominative)
krǫglě (dual feminine nominative)
krǫglě (dual neuter nominative)
krǫglu (dual genitive masculine)
krǫglu (dual feminine genitive)
krǫglu (dual genitive neuter)
krǫgloma (dative dual masculine)
krǫglama (dative dual feminine)
krǫgloma (dative dual neuter)
krǫgla (accusative dual masculine)
krǫglě (accusative dual feminine)
krǫglě (accusative dual neuter)
krǫgloma (dual instrumental masculine)
krǫglama (dual feminine instrumental)
krǫgloma (dual instrumental neuter)
krǫglu (dual locative masculine)
krǫglu (dual feminine locative)
krǫglu (dual locative neuter)
krǫgla (dual masculine vocative)
krǫglě (dual feminine vocative)
krǫglě (dual neuter vocative)
krǫgli (masculine nominative plural)
krǫgly (feminine nominative plural)
krǫgla (neuter nominative plural)
krǫglъ (genitive masculine plural)
krǫglъ (feminine genitive plural)
krǫglъ (genitive neuter plural)
krǫglomъ (dative masculine plural)
krǫglamъ (dative feminine plural)
krǫglomъ (dative neuter plural)
krǫgly (accusative masculine plural)
krǫgly (accusative feminine plural)
krǫgla (accusative neuter plural)
krǫgly (instrumental masculine plural)
krǫglami (feminine instrumental plural)
krǫgly (instrumental neuter plural)
krǫglěxъ (locative masculine plural)
krǫglaxъ (feminine locative plural)
krǫglěxъ (locative neuter plural)
krǫgli (masculine plural vocative)
krǫgly (feminine plural vocative)
krǫgla (neuter plural vocative)
krǫglъjь (masculine nominative singular)
krǫglaja (feminine nominative singular)
krǫgloje (neuter nominative singular)
krǫglajego (genitive masculine singular)
krǫglyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
krǫglajego (genitive neuter singular)
krǫglujemu (dative masculine singular)
krǫglěji (dative feminine singular)
krǫglujemu (dative neuter singular)
krǫglъjь (accusative masculine singular)
krǫglǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
krǫgloje (accusative neuter singular)
krǫglyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
krǫglǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
krǫglyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
krǫglějemь (locative masculine singular)
krǫglěji (feminine locative singular)
krǫglějemь (locative neuter singular)
krǫglъjь (masculine singular vocative)
krǫglaja (feminine singular vocative)
krǫgloje (neuter singular vocative)
krǫglaja (dual masculine nominative)
krǫglěji (dual feminine nominative)
krǫglěji (dual neuter nominative)
krǫgluju (dual genitive masculine)
krǫgluju (dual feminine genitive)
krǫgluju (dual genitive neuter)
krǫglyjima (dative dual masculine)
krǫglyjima (dative dual feminine)
krǫglyjima (dative dual neuter)
krǫglaja (accusative dual masculine)
krǫglěji (accusative dual feminine)
krǫglěji (accusative dual neuter)
krǫglyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
krǫglyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
krǫglyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
krǫgluju (dual locative masculine)
krǫgluju (dual feminine locative)
krǫgluju (dual locative neuter)
krǫglaja (dual masculine vocative)
krǫglěji (dual feminine vocative)
krǫglěji (dual neuter vocative)
krǫgliji (masculine nominative plural)
krǫglyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
krǫglaja (neuter nominative plural)
krǫglъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
krǫglъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
krǫglъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
krǫglyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
krǫglyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
krǫglyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
krǫglyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
krǫglyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
krǫglaja (accusative neuter plural)
krǫglyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
krǫglyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
krǫglyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
krǫglyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
krǫglyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
krǫglyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
krǫgliji (masculine plural vocative)
krǫglyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
krǫglaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: кру́глы (krúhly)

Russian: кру́глый (krúglyj)

Ukrainian: кру́глий (krúhlyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: крѫглъ (krǫglŭ)

Bulgarian: кръ́гъл (krǎ́gǎl)

⇒ Macedonian: округол (okrugol)

⇒ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: окру́гао

Latin script: okrúgao

⇒ Slovene: okrọ́gel (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

⇒ Czech: okrouhlý

⇒ Kashubian: òkrãgłi

Old Polish: okrągły

Polish: okrągły

Silesian: ôkrōngły

⇒ Slovak: okrúhly

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian:


xvorstъ

xvõrstъ (canonical masculine)
xvõrstъ (nominative singular)
xvōrstà (dual nominative)
xvōrstì (nominative plural)
xvōrstà (genitive singular)
xvōrstù (dual genitive)
xvõrstъ (genitive plural)
xvōrstù (dative singular)
xvōrstòma (dative dual)
xvōrstòmъ (dative plural)
xvõrstъ (accusative singular)
xvōrstà (accusative dual)
xvōrstỳ (accusative plural)
xvōrstъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
xvōrstòmь (instrumental singular)
xvōrstòma (dual instrumental)
xvõrsty (instrumental plural)
xvōrstě̀ (locative singular)
xvōrstù (dual locative)
xvõrstěxъ (locative plural)
xvorste (singular vocative)
xvōrstà (dual vocative)
xvōrstì (plural vocative)

East Slavic: хворостъ (xvorostŭ)

Belarusian: хво́раст (xvórast)

Russian: хво́рост (xvórost)

Ukrainian: хворо́ст (xvoróst)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: хврастъ (xvrastŭ)

Bulgarian: храст (hrast)

Macedonian:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: хра̑ст

Latin script: hrȃst

Slovene: hrást

West Slavic:

Old Czech: chvrast

Czech: chrast

Kashubian: chróst, chwarzt

Polish: chrust

Slovak: chrast

Slovincian: chróst

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: chróst

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: vreasc

* From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kšwáršta (“?”);
* Perhaps cognate with Proto-West Germanic *hursti (“thicket; wood; grove; nest”);
* Unknown.


těsnъ

tě̑snъ (canonical)
*těsьnъ (alternative)
těsnъ (masculine nominative singular)
těsna (feminine nominative singular)
těsno (neuter nominative singular)
těsna (genitive masculine singular)
těsny (feminine genitive singular)
těsna (genitive neuter singular)
těsnu (dative masculine singular)
těsně (dative feminine singular)
těsnu (dative neuter singular)
těsnъ (accusative masculine singular)
těsnǫ (accusative feminine singular)
těsno (accusative neuter singular)
těsnomь (instrumental masculine singular)
těsnojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
těsnomь (instrumental neuter singular)
těsně (locative masculine singular)
těsně (feminine locative singular)
těsně (locative neuter singular)
těsne (masculine singular vocative)
těsno (feminine singular vocative)
těsno (neuter singular vocative)
těsna (dual masculine nominative)
těsně (dual feminine nominative)
těsně (dual neuter nominative)
těsnu (dual genitive masculine)
těsnu (dual feminine genitive)
těsnu (dual genitive neuter)
těsnoma (dative dual masculine)
těsnama (dative dual feminine)
těsnoma (dative dual neuter)
těsna (accusative dual masculine)
těsně (accusative dual feminine)
těsně (accusative dual neuter)
těsnoma (dual instrumental masculine)
těsnama (dual feminine instrumental)
těsnoma (dual instrumental neuter)
těsnu (dual locative masculine)
těsnu (dual feminine locative)
těsnu (dual locative neuter)
těsna (dual masculine vocative)
těsně (dual feminine vocative)
těsně (dual neuter vocative)
těsni (masculine nominative plural)
těsny (feminine nominative plural)
těsna (neuter nominative plural)
těsnъ (genitive masculine plural)
těsnъ (feminine genitive plural)
těsnъ (genitive neuter plural)
těsnomъ (dative masculine plural)
těsnamъ (dative feminine plural)
těsnomъ (dative neuter plural)
těsny (accusative masculine plural)
těsny (accusative feminine plural)
těsna (accusative neuter plural)
těsny (instrumental masculine plural)
těsnami (feminine instrumental plural)
těsny (instrumental neuter plural)
těsněxъ (locative masculine plural)
těsnaxъ (feminine locative plural)
těsněxъ (locative neuter plural)
těsni (masculine plural vocative)
těsny (feminine plural vocative)
těsna (neuter plural vocative)
těsnъjь (masculine nominative singular)
těsnaja (feminine nominative singular)
těsnoje (neuter nominative singular)
těsnajego (genitive masculine singular)
těsnyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
těsnajego (genitive neuter singular)
těsnujemu (dative masculine singular)
těsněji (dative feminine singular)
těsnujemu (dative neuter singular)
těsnъjь (accusative masculine singular)
těsnǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
těsnoje (accusative neuter singular)
těsnyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
těsnǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
těsnyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
těsnějemь (locative masculine singular)
těsněji (feminine locative singular)
těsnějemь (locative neuter singular)
těsnъjь (masculine singular vocative)
těsnaja (feminine singular vocative)
těsnoje (neuter singular vocative)
těsnaja (dual masculine nominative)
těsněji (dual feminine nominative)
těsněji (dual neuter nominative)
těsnuju (dual genitive masculine)
těsnuju (dual feminine genitive)
těsnuju (dual genitive neuter)
těsnyjima (dative dual masculine)
těsnyjima (dative dual feminine)
těsnyjima (dative dual neuter)
těsnaja (accusative dual masculine)
těsněji (accusative dual feminine)
těsněji (accusative dual neuter)
těsnyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
těsnyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
těsnyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
těsnuju (dual locative masculine)
těsnuju (dual feminine locative)
těsnuju (dual locative neuter)
těsnaja (dual masculine vocative)
těsněji (dual feminine vocative)
těsněji (dual neuter vocative)
těsniji (masculine nominative plural)
těsnyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
těsnaja (neuter nominative plural)
těsnъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
těsnъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
těsnъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
těsnyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
těsnyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
těsnyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
těsnyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
těsnyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
těsnaja (accusative neuter plural)
těsnyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
těsnyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
těsnyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
těsnyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
těsnyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
těsnyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
těsniji (masculine plural vocative)
těsnyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
těsnaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic: тѣснъ (těsnŭ)

Belarusian: це́сны (cjésny)

Russian: те́сный (tésnyj)

Ukrainian: ті́сний (tísnyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: тѣснъ (těsnŭ)

Bulgarian: те́сен (tésen)

Macedonian: тесен (tesen)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: те́сан, тије́сан

Latin: tésan, tijésan

Slovene: tésən (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: těsný

Polish: ciasny

Slovak: tesný

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: śěsny

Upper Sorbian: ćěsny

From *těskъ (“pressing”) + *-nъ with loss of *-k- between *s and *n (compare Proto-Slavic *ěsnъ (“clear”)). Probably from Proto-Indo-European *teh₂y- (“to dunk, to knead”), akin to Proto-Slavic *tajati (“to melt, to precipitate”).


lěsъ

lě̑sъ (canonical masculine)
lě̑sъ (nominative singular)
lě̑sa (dual nominative)
lě̑si (nominative plural)
lě̑sa (genitive singular)
lěsù (dual genitive)
lě̃sъ (genitive plural)
lě̑su (dative singular)
lěsomà (dative dual)
lěsòmъ (dative plural)
lě̑sъ (accusative singular)
lě̑sa (accusative dual)
lě̑sy (accusative plural)
lě̑sъmь (instrumental singular)
lě̑somь (instrumental singular)
lěsomà (dual instrumental)
lěsý (instrumental plural)
lě̑sě (locative singular)
lěsù (dual locative)
lěsě̃xъ (locative plural)
lěse (singular vocative)
lě̑sa (dual vocative)
lě̑si (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: лѣсъ (lěsŭ)
Old Ruthenian: лѣсъ (lěs)
Belarusian: лес (ljes)
Carpathian Rusyn: лїс (ljis)
Ukrainian: ліс (lis)
Russian: лес (les)

Old Novgorodian: *лѣсе (*lěse)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: лѣсъ (lěsŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰾⱑⱄⱏ (lěsŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ле̑с, лије̑с

Latin script: lȇs, lijȇs

Slovene: lẹ̑s (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: les
Czech: les

Old Polish: las, les
Polish: las, les (Middle Polish)
Silesian: las, les (Southern Silesian)

Old Slovak: les
Pannonian Rusyn: лєс (ljes)
Slovak: les

Polabian: ľos

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: las

Slovincian: las

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: lěs

Upper Sorbian: lěs

Perhaps cognate with Proto-Germanic *lēswō (“pasture”), in which case, from Proto-Indo-European *leh₁s-u-.


čęstь

čę̑stь (canonical feminine)
čę̑stь (nominative singular)
čę̑sti (dual nominative)
čę̑sti (nominative plural)
čęstí (genitive singular)
čęstьjù (dual genitive)
čęstь̀jь (genitive plural)
čę̑sti (dative singular)
čęstьmà (dative dual)
čę̑stьmъ (dative plural)
čę̑stь (accusative singular)
čę̑sti (accusative dual)
čę̑sti (accusative plural)
čęstьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
čęstьmà (dual instrumental)
čęstьmì (instrumental plural)
čęstí (locative singular)
čęstьjù (dual locative)
čę̑stьxъ (locative plural)
čęsti (singular vocative)
čę̑sti (dual vocative)
čę̑sti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: чѧсть (čęstĭ), часть (častĭ)
Old Ruthenian: часть (častʹ)
Belarusian: часць (čascʹ)
Carpathian Rusyn: часть (častʹ)
Ukrainian: часть (častʹ)
Russian: часть (častʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: чѧсть (čęstĭ)

Bulgarian: част (čast)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: че̑ст, ⇒ чѐстица

Latin script: čȇst, ⇒ čèstica

Slovene:

West Slavic:

Old Czech: čiest, čěst

Czech: část

Old Polish: część
Polish: część
Silesian: czyńść

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: czãsc

Old Slovak: časť

Pannonian Rusyn: часц (časc)

Slovak: časť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: časć

From the same source as *kǫsati (“to bite”).


soltina

soltina (nominative singular)
soltině (dual nominative)
soltiny (nominative plural)
soltiny (genitive singular)
soltinu (dual genitive)
soltinъ (genitive plural)
soltině (dative singular)
soltinama (dative dual)
soltinamъ (dative plural)
soltinǫ (accusative singular)
soltině (accusative dual)
soltiny (accusative plural)
soltinojǫ (instrumental singular)
soltinǫ (instrumental singular)
soltinama (dual instrumental)
soltinami (instrumental plural)
soltině (locative singular)
soltinu (dual locative)
soltinasъ (locative plural)
soltinaxъ (locative plural)
soltino (singular vocative)
soltině (dual vocative)
soltiny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: солоти́на (solotína) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: слатина (slatina)

Bulgarian: Слатина (Slatina) (toponym)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сла̏тина

Latin script: slȁtina

Slovene: slatina

West Slavic:

Czech: slatina

Slovak: slatina

Non-Slavic:

Romanian: slatină


pьrsь

pь̀rsь (canonical feminine)
pь̀rsь (nominative singular)
pьrsi (dual nominative)
pьrsi (nominative plural)
pьrsi (genitive singular)
pьrsьju (dual genitive)
pьršu (dual genitive)
pьrsьjь (genitive plural)
pьrsi (genitive plural)
pьrsi (dative singular)
pьrsьma (dative dual)
pьrsьmъ (dative plural)
pь̀rsь (accusative singular)
pьrsi (accusative dual)
pьrsi (accusative plural)
pьrsьjǫ (instrumental singular)
pьršǫ (instrumental singular)
pьrsьma (dual instrumental)
pьrsьmi (instrumental plural)
pьrsi (locative singular)
pьrsьju (dual locative)
pьršu (dual locative)
pьrsьxъ (locative plural)
pьrsi (singular vocative)
pьrsi (dual vocative)
pьrsi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: пе́рсі (pjérsi) (plurale tantum)

Russian: пе́рси (pérsi) (plurale tantum)

Ukrainian: пе́рси (pérsy) (plurale tantum)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: прьси (prĭsi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пр̏си, пр̏са (plurale tantum)

Latin: pȑsi, pȑsa (plurale tantum)

Čakavian: pȑsi

Slovene: pŕsi

West Slavic:

Old Czech: prs

Czech: prs, prso

Kashubian: piers

Polish: pierś

Slovak: prsia (plurale tantum)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian:

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pírˀśis. Cognate with Lithuanian pi̇̀ršys (“chest (of a horse)”). Further etymology unknown; the connection with Sanskrit पर्शु (párśu, “rib”) (Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬱𐬎 (parašu, “rib”), Ossetian фарс (fars, “flank”)) must be discarded, according to Derksen.


ędro

ędro (nominative singular)
ędrě (dual nominative)
ędra (nominative plural)
ędra (genitive singular)
ędru (dual genitive)
ędrъ (genitive plural)
ędru (dative singular)
ędroma (dative dual)
ędromъ (dative plural)
ędro (accusative singular)
ędrě (accusative dual)
ędra (accusative plural)
ędrъmь (instrumental singular)
ędromь (instrumental singular)
ędroma (dual instrumental)
ędry (instrumental plural)
ędrě (locative singular)
ędru (dual locative)
ędrěxъ (locative plural)
ędro (singular vocative)
ędrě (dual vocative)
ędra (plural vocative)
*jędro (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ꙗдро (jadro)

Belarusian: ядро́ (jadró)

desctree

Russian: ядро́ (jadró)
→ Bulgarian: ядро́ (jadró)
→ Kazakh: ядро (ädro)
→ Kyrgyz: ядро (yadro)

Carpathian Rusyn: ядро́ (jadró)

Ukrainian: ядро́ (jadró)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: ѩдро (jędro)

Macedonian: јадро (jadro)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: је̏дро

Latin script: jȅdro

desc

Kajkavian Serbo-Croatian: jādrȅ (“kernel, core”), jãdro

Slovene: jêdro (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jádro, jadro
Czech: jádro

Polabian: jǫdrĕ

Old Polish: jądro

desctree

Polish: jądro
→ Yiddish: יאָדער (yoder), יאָדערע (yodere), יאָדרע (yodre), יאָנדרע (yondre), יאָנדערע (yondere)

Silesian: jōndro

Old Slovak: jadro

Pannonian Rusyn: ядро (jadro)

Slovak: jadro

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: jědro

Upper Sorbian: jadro

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *endra, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁en-d(ʰ)r-óm, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).


terzvъ

terzvъ (masculine nominative singular)
terzva (feminine nominative singular)
terzvo (neuter nominative singular)
terzva (genitive masculine singular)
terzvy (feminine genitive singular)
terzva (genitive neuter singular)
terzvu (dative masculine singular)
terzvě (dative feminine singular)
terzvu (dative neuter singular)
terzvъ (accusative masculine singular)
terzvǫ (accusative feminine singular)
terzvo (accusative neuter singular)
terzvomь (instrumental masculine singular)
terzvojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
terzvomь (instrumental neuter singular)
terzvě (locative masculine singular)
terzvě (feminine locative singular)
terzvě (locative neuter singular)
terzve (masculine singular vocative)
terzvo (feminine singular vocative)
terzvo (neuter singular vocative)
terzva (dual masculine nominative)
terzvě (dual feminine nominative)
terzvě (dual neuter nominative)
terzvu (dual genitive masculine)
terzvu (dual feminine genitive)
terzvu (dual genitive neuter)
terzvoma (dative dual masculine)
terzvama (dative dual feminine)
terzvoma (dative dual neuter)
terzva (accusative dual masculine)
terzvě (accusative dual feminine)
terzvě (accusative dual neuter)
terzvoma (dual instrumental masculine)
terzvama (dual feminine instrumental)
terzvoma (dual instrumental neuter)
terzvu (dual locative masculine)
terzvu (dual feminine locative)
terzvu (dual locative neuter)
terzva (dual masculine vocative)
terzvě (dual feminine vocative)
terzvě (dual neuter vocative)
terzvi (masculine nominative plural)
terzvy (feminine nominative plural)
terzva (neuter nominative plural)
terzvъ (genitive masculine plural)
terzvъ (feminine genitive plural)
terzvъ (genitive neuter plural)
terzvomъ (dative masculine plural)
terzvamъ (dative feminine plural)
terzvomъ (dative neuter plural)
terzvy (accusative masculine plural)
terzvy (accusative feminine plural)
terzva (accusative neuter plural)
terzvy (instrumental masculine plural)
terzvami (feminine instrumental plural)
terzvy (instrumental neuter plural)
terzvěxъ (locative masculine plural)
terzvaxъ (feminine locative plural)
terzvěxъ (locative neuter plural)
terzvi (masculine plural vocative)
terzvy (feminine plural vocative)
terzva (neuter plural vocative)
terzvъjь (masculine nominative singular)
terzvaja (feminine nominative singular)
terzvoje (neuter nominative singular)
terzvajego (genitive masculine singular)
terzvyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
terzvajego (genitive neuter singular)
terzvujemu (dative masculine singular)
terzvěji (dative feminine singular)
terzvujemu (dative neuter singular)
terzvъjь (accusative masculine singular)
terzvǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
terzvoje (accusative neuter singular)
terzvyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
terzvǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
terzvyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
terzvějemь (locative masculine singular)
terzvěji (feminine locative singular)
terzvějemь (locative neuter singular)
terzvъjь (masculine singular vocative)
terzvaja (feminine singular vocative)
terzvoje (neuter singular vocative)
terzvaja (dual masculine nominative)
terzvěji (dual feminine nominative)
terzvěji (dual neuter nominative)
terzvuju (dual genitive masculine)
terzvuju (dual feminine genitive)
terzvuju (dual genitive neuter)
terzvyjima (dative dual masculine)
terzvyjima (dative dual feminine)
terzvyjima (dative dual neuter)
terzvaja (accusative dual masculine)
terzvěji (accusative dual feminine)
terzvěji (accusative dual neuter)
terzvyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
terzvyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
terzvyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
terzvuju (dual locative masculine)
terzvuju (dual feminine locative)
terzvuju (dual locative neuter)
terzvaja (dual masculine vocative)
terzvěji (dual feminine vocative)
terzvěji (dual neuter vocative)
terzviji (masculine nominative plural)
terzvyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
terzvaja (neuter nominative plural)
terzvъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
terzvъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
terzvъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
terzvyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
terzvyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
terzvyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
terzvyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
terzvyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
terzvaja (accusative neuter plural)
terzvyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
terzvyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
terzvyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
terzvyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
terzvyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
terzvyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
terzviji (masculine plural vocative)
terzvyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
terzvaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic: терезвъ (terezvŭ), тверезъ (tverezŭ) (metathesised)

Belarusian: цвяро́зы (cvjarózy) (metathesised)

desc

Russian: терёзвый (terjózvyj), тверёзый (tverjózyj) (metathesised, dialectal)

Ukrainian: тере́звий (terézvyj) (dialectal), твере́зий (tverézyj) (metathesised)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: трѣзвъ (trězvŭ)

→ Russian: тре́звый (trézvyj)

Bulgarian: тре́зв (trézv, “temperate”)

Slovene: trẹ́zev (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Czech: (střízvý, střízlivý secondary)

Old Polish: trzeźwy, trzeźwi

Polish: trzeźwy

Silesian: trzyźwy

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: trzézwi

Slovak: triezvy

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian:

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: тре́звен (trézven)

Macedonian: тре́зен (trézen)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тре̏звен, тре́зан, трије́зан

Latin: trȅzven, trézan, trijézan

Slovene: trẹ́zen

From an undetermined *terz- + *-vъ.
One hypothesis suggests that modern descendants originate from an earlier *tersvъ, from Proto-Indo-European *ters- (“to dry”) with cognates in Proto-Germanic *þursuz (“dry”), Ancient Greek ταρσός (tarsós, “dry”), Sanskrit तृषु (tṛṣu, “greedily”). However, it requires the stem to be in zero-grade.

to get sober; to sober up; to come to one's sense

terzvьnъ*terzvьnikъ ()*terzvьnostь ()

sober; teetotaller, abstainer from alcohol; sobriety


soldъ

soldъ (nominative singular)
solda (dual nominative)
soldi (nominative plural)
solda (genitive singular)
soldu (dual genitive)
soldъ (genitive plural)
soldu (dative singular)
soldoma (dative dual)
soldomъ (dative plural)
soldъ (accusative singular)
solda (accusative dual)
soldy (accusative plural)
soldъmь (instrumental singular)
soldomь (instrumental singular)
soldoma (dual instrumental)
soldy (instrumental plural)
soldě (locative singular)
soldu (dual locative)
solděxъ (locative plural)
solde (singular vocative)
solda (dual vocative)
soldi (plural vocative)

East Slavic: солодъ (solodŭ)

Belarusian: со́лад (sólad)

Russian: со́лод (sólod)

Ukrainian: со́лод (sólod)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Bulgarian: слад (slad)

Macedonian: слад (slad)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сла̑д

Latin script: slȃd

Slovene: slád

West Slavic:

Old Czech: slad

Czech: slad

Polabian: slåd

Polish: słód

Slovak: slad

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: słod

Upper Sorbian: słód

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *salˀdus, from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂el-d-u-s or *sh₂l-d-u-s, from *séh₂ls. Related to *sòldъkъ (“sweet”).


xrьbьtъ

*xribьtъ (alternative)
*xribьcь (alternative)
xrьbь̀tъ (nominative singular)
xrьbьtà (dual nominative)
xrьbьtì (nominative plural)
xrьbьtà (genitive singular)
xrьbьtù (dual genitive)
xrьbь̀tъ (genitive plural)
xrьbьtù (dative singular)
xrьbьtòma (dative dual)
xrьbьtòmъ (dative plural)
xrьbь̀tъ (accusative singular)
xrьbьtà (accusative dual)
xrьbьtỳ (accusative plural)
xrьbьtъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
xrьbьtòmь (instrumental singular)
xrьbьtòma (dual instrumental)
xrьbь̀ty (instrumental plural)
xrьbьtě̀ (locative singular)
xrьbьtù (dual locative)
xrьbь̀těxъ (locative plural)
xrьbьte (singular vocative)
xrьbьtà (dual vocative)
xrьbьtì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: хрыбе́т (xrybjét)

Russian: хребе́т (xrebét)

Carpathian Rusyn: хырбет (xŷrbet)

Ukrainian: хребе́т (xrebét)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: хрьбьтъ (xrĭbĭtŭ)

Bulgarian: хръбе́т (hrǎbét)

Macedonian: ’рбет (’rbet)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: хр̏бат

Latin script: hȑbat

Slovene: hrbet

West Slavic:

Old Czech: chřbet

Czech: hřbet

Kashubian: chrzëbt, chrzebiet, krzebt

desctree

Old Polish: chrzbiet, chrzebiet, chrzebt, chrzybiet, grzebiet, grzebt, krzebiet, krzebt
Polish: grzbiet, chrzybiet (Near Masovian, Far Masovian), chrzybiec (Kociewie, Malbork)
Silesian: rzbiet

desc

Old Slovak: cherbet, chrbát, chrbet, *chribet

Pannonian Rusyn: хрибет (xribet)

Slovak: chrbát

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: chribjet

Lower Sorbian: kśebjat

Equivalent to the 0-grade of *xribъ (“hill”) + *-ьtъ, likely from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreybʰ- (“to scrape, to tear”). Akin to Lithuanian skriẽbti (“to rub, to scrub”), Proto-Germanic *hrībaną (“to scratch”), Proto-Italic *skreiβō (“to scribe”).
ESSJa draws comparison with Proto-Slavic *skrebti (“to scrape”) (from Proto-Indo-European *skreb-), suggesting that *xrьbьtъ and its cognates represent expressive enlargement ("экспрессивное преобразование" in Trubachyev's own words) of the former root.


gorьkъ

gȍrьkъ (canonical)
gorьkъ (masculine nominative singular)
gorьka (feminine nominative singular)
gorьko (neuter nominative singular)
gorьka (genitive masculine singular)
gorьky (feminine genitive singular)
gorьka (genitive neuter singular)
gorьku (dative masculine singular)
gorьkě (dative feminine singular)
gorьku (dative neuter singular)
gorьkъ (accusative masculine singular)
gorьkǫ (accusative feminine singular)
gorьko (accusative neuter singular)
gorьkomь (instrumental masculine singular)
gorьkojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
gorьkomь (instrumental neuter singular)
gorьkě (locative masculine singular)
gorьkě (feminine locative singular)
gorьkě (locative neuter singular)
gorьke (masculine singular vocative)
gorьko (feminine singular vocative)
gorьko (neuter singular vocative)
gorьka (dual masculine nominative)
gorьkě (dual feminine nominative)
gorьkě (dual neuter nominative)
gorьku (dual genitive masculine)
gorьku (dual feminine genitive)
gorьku (dual genitive neuter)
gorьkoma (dative dual masculine)
gorьkama (dative dual feminine)
gorьkoma (dative dual neuter)
gorьka (accusative dual masculine)
gorьkě (accusative dual feminine)
gorьkě (accusative dual neuter)
gorьkoma (dual instrumental masculine)
gorьkama (dual feminine instrumental)
gorьkoma (dual instrumental neuter)
gorьku (dual locative masculine)
gorьku (dual feminine locative)
gorьku (dual locative neuter)
gorьka (dual masculine vocative)
gorьkě (dual feminine vocative)
gorьkě (dual neuter vocative)
gorьki (masculine nominative plural)
gorьky (feminine nominative plural)
gorьka (neuter nominative plural)
gorьkъ (genitive masculine plural)
gorьkъ (feminine genitive plural)
gorьkъ (genitive neuter plural)
gorьkomъ (dative masculine plural)
gorьkamъ (dative feminine plural)
gorьkomъ (dative neuter plural)
gorьky (accusative masculine plural)
gorьky (accusative feminine plural)
gorьka (accusative neuter plural)
gorьky (instrumental masculine plural)
gorьkami (feminine instrumental plural)
gorьky (instrumental neuter plural)
gorьkěxъ (locative masculine plural)
gorьkaxъ (feminine locative plural)
gorьkěxъ (locative neuter plural)
gorьki (masculine plural vocative)
gorьky (feminine plural vocative)
gorьka (neuter plural vocative)
gorьkъjь (masculine nominative singular)
gorьkaja (feminine nominative singular)
gorьkoje (neuter nominative singular)
gorьkajego (genitive masculine singular)
gorьkyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
gorьkajego (genitive neuter singular)
gorьkujemu (dative masculine singular)
gorьkěji (dative feminine singular)
gorьkujemu (dative neuter singular)
gorьkъjь (accusative masculine singular)
gorьkǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
gorьkoje (accusative neuter singular)
gorьkyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
gorьkǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
gorьkyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
gorьkějemь (locative masculine singular)
gorьkěji (feminine locative singular)
gorьkějemь (locative neuter singular)
gorьkъjь (masculine singular vocative)
gorьkaja (feminine singular vocative)
gorьkoje (neuter singular vocative)
gorьkaja (dual masculine nominative)
gorьkěji (dual feminine nominative)
gorьkěji (dual neuter nominative)
gorьkuju (dual genitive masculine)
gorьkuju (dual feminine genitive)
gorьkuju (dual genitive neuter)
gorьkyjima (dative dual masculine)
gorьkyjima (dative dual feminine)
gorьkyjima (dative dual neuter)
gorьkaja (accusative dual masculine)
gorьkěji (accusative dual feminine)
gorьkěji (accusative dual neuter)
gorьkyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
gorьkyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
gorьkyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
gorьkuju (dual locative masculine)
gorьkuju (dual feminine locative)
gorьkuju (dual locative neuter)
gorьkaja (dual masculine vocative)
gorьkěji (dual feminine vocative)
gorьkěji (dual neuter vocative)
gorьkiji (masculine nominative plural)
gorьkyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
gorьkaja (neuter nominative plural)
gorьkъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
gorьkъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
gorьkъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
gorьkyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
gorьkyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
gorьkyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
gorьkyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
gorьkyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
gorьkaja (accusative neuter plural)
gorьkyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
gorьkyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
gorьkyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
gorьkyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
gorьkyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
gorьkyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
gorьkiji (masculine plural vocative)
gorьkyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
gorьkaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: го́ркі (hórki)

Russian: го́рький (górʹkij)

Ukrainian: гірки́й (hirkýj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: горькъ (gorĭkŭ)

Bulgarian: го́рък (górǎk)

Macedonian: горок (gorok) (rare)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: го́рак

Latin script: górak

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: górək, gorák (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: hořký (“bitter”), horký (“hot”)

Polabian: ďörťĕ

desc

Old Polish: gorki, gorski, gorzki (“bitter”)

Polish: gorzki (“bitter”)

Silesian: gorski, gorzki (“bitter”)

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: gòrzczi

>? Silesian: gorki (“hot”)

Slovak: horký

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: górki

Upper Sorbian: hórki

gořьjь

technically the comparative degree of *gȍrьkъ

(figurative) sorrowful (for situation, emotion)


rъtъ

rъtъ̏ (canonical masculine)
rъ̀tъ (nominative singular)
rъtà (dual nominative)
rъtì (nominative plural)
rъtà (genitive singular)
rъtù (dual genitive)
rъ̀tъ (genitive plural)
rъtù (dative singular)
rъtòma (dative dual)
rъtòmъ (dative plural)
rъ̀tъ (accusative singular)
rъtà (accusative dual)
rъtỳ (accusative plural)
rъtъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
rъtòmь (instrumental singular)
rъtòma (dual instrumental)
rъ̀ty (instrumental plural)
rъtě̀ (locative singular)
rъtù (dual locative)
rъ̀těxъ (locative plural)
rъte (singular vocative)
rъtà (dual vocative)
rъtì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: рътъ (rŭtŭ, “point, beak”)

Belarusian: рот (rot, “mouth”) (gen. ро́та (róta))

Russian: рот (rot, “mouth”) (gen. рта (rta), ро́та (róta) (dialectal))

Ukrainian: рот (rot, “mouth”) (gen. ро́та (róta))

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: рътъ (rŭtŭ, “point, beak”) (Serbian Church Slavonic)

Bulgarian: рът (rǎt, “small but steep hill”)

Macedonian: ’рт (’rt, “cape”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: р̏т (“point, peak, cliff, cape”), (gen. рта)

Latin: ȑt (“point, peak, cliff, cape”), (gen. rta)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: r̀t (“point, beak, cape”) (tonal orthography), (gen. ŕtа (tonal orthography))

West Slavic:

Czech: ret (“lip”) (gen. rtu)

Polabian: råt

Polish: narta (“ski”) (from "na rtach"), ret (“Buntsandstein peak”) (gen. retu)

Slovak: ret (“lip”) (gen. rtu)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: rót (“mouth”) (gen. rta)

Probably related to Proto-Slavic *ryti (“to burrow, to dig”).

cog

→ by extension: mouth


davьnъ

dãvьnъ (canonical)
*davьňь (alternative)
davьnъ (masculine nominative singular)
davьna (feminine nominative singular)
davьno (neuter nominative singular)
davьna (genitive masculine singular)
davьny (feminine genitive singular)
davьna (genitive neuter singular)
davьnu (dative masculine singular)
davьně (dative feminine singular)
davьnu (dative neuter singular)
davьnъ (accusative masculine singular)
davьnǫ (accusative feminine singular)
davьno (accusative neuter singular)
davьnomь (instrumental masculine singular)
davьnojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
davьnomь (instrumental neuter singular)
davьně (locative masculine singular)
davьně (feminine locative singular)
davьně (locative neuter singular)
davьne (masculine singular vocative)
davьno (feminine singular vocative)
davьno (neuter singular vocative)
davьna (dual masculine nominative)
davьně (dual feminine nominative)
davьně (dual neuter nominative)
davьnu (dual genitive masculine)
davьnu (dual feminine genitive)
davьnu (dual genitive neuter)
davьnoma (dative dual masculine)
davьnama (dative dual feminine)
davьnoma (dative dual neuter)
davьna (accusative dual masculine)
davьně (accusative dual feminine)
davьně (accusative dual neuter)
davьnoma (dual instrumental masculine)
davьnama (dual feminine instrumental)
davьnoma (dual instrumental neuter)
davьnu (dual locative masculine)
davьnu (dual feminine locative)
davьnu (dual locative neuter)
davьna (dual masculine vocative)
davьně (dual feminine vocative)
davьně (dual neuter vocative)
davьni (masculine nominative plural)
davьny (feminine nominative plural)
davьna (neuter nominative plural)
davьnъ (genitive masculine plural)
davьnъ (feminine genitive plural)
davьnъ (genitive neuter plural)
davьnomъ (dative masculine plural)
davьnamъ (dative feminine plural)
davьnomъ (dative neuter plural)
davьny (accusative masculine plural)
davьny (accusative feminine plural)
davьna (accusative neuter plural)
davьny (instrumental masculine plural)
davьnami (feminine instrumental plural)
davьny (instrumental neuter plural)
davьněxъ (locative masculine plural)
davьnaxъ (feminine locative plural)
davьněxъ (locative neuter plural)
davьni (masculine plural vocative)
davьny (feminine plural vocative)
davьna (neuter plural vocative)
davьnъjь (masculine nominative singular)
davьnaja (feminine nominative singular)
davьnoje (neuter nominative singular)
davьnajego (genitive masculine singular)
davьnyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
davьnajego (genitive neuter singular)
davьnujemu (dative masculine singular)
davьněji (dative feminine singular)
davьnujemu (dative neuter singular)
davьnъjь (accusative masculine singular)
davьnǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
davьnoje (accusative neuter singular)
davьnyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
davьnǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
davьnyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
davьnějemь (locative masculine singular)
davьněji (feminine locative singular)
davьnějemь (locative neuter singular)
davьnъjь (masculine singular vocative)
davьnaja (feminine singular vocative)
davьnoje (neuter singular vocative)
davьnaja (dual masculine nominative)
davьněji (dual feminine nominative)
davьněji (dual neuter nominative)
davьnuju (dual genitive masculine)
davьnuju (dual feminine genitive)
davьnuju (dual genitive neuter)
davьnyjima (dative dual masculine)
davьnyjima (dative dual feminine)
davьnyjima (dative dual neuter)
davьnaja (accusative dual masculine)
davьněji (accusative dual feminine)
davьněji (accusative dual neuter)
davьnyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
davьnyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
davьnyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
davьnuju (dual locative masculine)
davьnuju (dual feminine locative)
davьnuju (dual locative neuter)
davьnaja (dual masculine vocative)
davьněji (dual feminine vocative)
davьněji (dual neuter vocative)
davьniji (masculine nominative plural)
davьnyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
davьnaja (neuter nominative plural)
davьnъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
davьnъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
davьnъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
davьnyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
davьnyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
davьnyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
davьnyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
davьnyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
davьnaja (accusative neuter plural)
davьnyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
davьnyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
davьnyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
davьnyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
davьnyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
davьnyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
davьniji (masculine plural vocative)
davьnyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
davьnaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: да́ўні (dáŭni)

Russian: да́вний (dávnij)

Ukrainian: да́вній (dávnij)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: давьнъ (davĭnŭ)

→ Bulgarian: да́вно (dávno, “long ago”) (adverb)

desc

→ Bulgarian: да́внашен (dávnašen, “past, long gone”)

Macedonian: (одамна (odamna) secondary)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: да̑внӣ

Latin script: dȃvnī

Slovene: dáven

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dávný

Czech: dávný

desctree

Old Polish: dawny
Polish: dawny
Silesian: dŏwny

Old Slovak: dávny

Pannonian Rusyn: давни (davni)

Slovak: dávny

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: dôwny

Slovincian: dôùny

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: dawny

Upper Sorbian:

Formed as *davě (“ago, recently”) + *-ьnъ, with no certain relatives outside of Slavic. Possibly reflecting an ō-grade of Proto-Indo-European *dewh₂-, akin to Proto-Germanic *tawjaną (“to complete”). More often compared to Proto-Indo-Iranian *duHrás (“long, far”), Ancient Greek δηρός (dērós, “long”), and Latin dūrus (“durable”) (whence descends English during), which reflect instead the metathesis *dweh₂-.
It is uncertain if Old Church Slavonic одѣвѣ (oděvě, “recently”) is related or not to the ō-grade lemma. According to BER, the two lemmas are akin, but this view is sometimes challenged.

cog

Marko Snoj
Rick Derksen
Vladimir I. Georgiev
bg:Иван Дуриданов


ěsnъ

ě̀snъ (canonical)
*ěsьnъ (alternative)
*jasьnъ (alternative)
ěsnъ (masculine nominative singular)
ěsna (feminine nominative singular)
ěsno (neuter nominative singular)
ěsna (genitive masculine singular)
ěsny (feminine genitive singular)
ěsna (genitive neuter singular)
ěsnu (dative masculine singular)
ěsně (dative feminine singular)
ěsnu (dative neuter singular)
ěsnъ (accusative masculine singular)
ěsnǫ (accusative feminine singular)
ěsno (accusative neuter singular)
ěsnomь (instrumental masculine singular)
ěsnojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
ěsnomь (instrumental neuter singular)
ěsně (locative masculine singular)
ěsně (feminine locative singular)
ěsně (locative neuter singular)
ěsne (masculine singular vocative)
ěsno (feminine singular vocative)
ěsno (neuter singular vocative)
ěsna (dual masculine nominative)
ěsně (dual feminine nominative)
ěsně (dual neuter nominative)
ěsnu (dual genitive masculine)
ěsnu (dual feminine genitive)
ěsnu (dual genitive neuter)
ěsnoma (dative dual masculine)
ěsnama (dative dual feminine)
ěsnoma (dative dual neuter)
ěsna (accusative dual masculine)
ěsně (accusative dual feminine)
ěsně (accusative dual neuter)
ěsnoma (dual instrumental masculine)
ěsnama (dual feminine instrumental)
ěsnoma (dual instrumental neuter)
ěsnu (dual locative masculine)
ěsnu (dual feminine locative)
ěsnu (dual locative neuter)
ěsna (dual masculine vocative)
ěsně (dual feminine vocative)
ěsně (dual neuter vocative)
ěsni (masculine nominative plural)
ěsny (feminine nominative plural)
ěsna (neuter nominative plural)
ěsnъ (genitive masculine plural)
ěsnъ (feminine genitive plural)
ěsnъ (genitive neuter plural)
ěsnomъ (dative masculine plural)
ěsnamъ (dative feminine plural)
ěsnomъ (dative neuter plural)
ěsny (accusative masculine plural)
ěsny (accusative feminine plural)
ěsna (accusative neuter plural)
ěsny (instrumental masculine plural)
ěsnami (feminine instrumental plural)
ěsny (instrumental neuter plural)
ěsněxъ (locative masculine plural)
ěsnaxъ (feminine locative plural)
ěsněxъ (locative neuter plural)
ěsni (masculine plural vocative)
ěsny (feminine plural vocative)
ěsna (neuter plural vocative)
ěsnъjь (masculine nominative singular)
ěsnaja (feminine nominative singular)
ěsnoje (neuter nominative singular)
ěsnajego (genitive masculine singular)
ěsnyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
ěsnajego (genitive neuter singular)
ěsnujemu (dative masculine singular)
ěsněji (dative feminine singular)
ěsnujemu (dative neuter singular)
ěsnъjь (accusative masculine singular)
ěsnǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
ěsnoje (accusative neuter singular)
ěsnyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
ěsnǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
ěsnyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
ěsnějemь (locative masculine singular)
ěsněji (feminine locative singular)
ěsnějemь (locative neuter singular)
ěsnъjь (masculine singular vocative)
ěsnaja (feminine singular vocative)
ěsnoje (neuter singular vocative)
ěsnaja (dual masculine nominative)
ěsněji (dual feminine nominative)
ěsněji (dual neuter nominative)
ěsnuju (dual genitive masculine)
ěsnuju (dual feminine genitive)
ěsnuju (dual genitive neuter)
ěsnyjima (dative dual masculine)
ěsnyjima (dative dual feminine)
ěsnyjima (dative dual neuter)
ěsnaja (accusative dual masculine)
ěsněji (accusative dual feminine)
ěsněji (accusative dual neuter)
ěsnyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
ěsnyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
ěsnyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
ěsnuju (dual locative masculine)
ěsnuju (dual feminine locative)
ěsnuju (dual locative neuter)
ěsnaja (dual masculine vocative)
ěsněji (dual feminine vocative)
ěsněji (dual neuter vocative)
ěsniji (masculine nominative plural)
ěsnyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
ěsnaja (neuter nominative plural)
ěsnъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
ěsnъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
ěsnъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
ěsnyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
ěsnyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
ěsnyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
ěsnyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
ěsnyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
ěsnaja (accusative neuter plural)
ěsnyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
ěsnyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
ěsnyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
ěsnyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
ěsnyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
ěsnyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
ěsniji (masculine plural vocative)
ěsnyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
ěsnaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ꙗсьнъ (jasĭnŭ)

Old Ruthenian: ꙗсный (jasnyj)

Belarusian: я́сны (jásny)

Ukrainian: я́сни́й (jásnýj)

Russian: я́сный (jásnyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: ꙗснъ (jasnŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ја̀сан

Latin script: jàsan

Slovene: jásen

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jasný

Czech: jasný

desctree

Old Polish: jasny
Polish: jasny
Silesian: jasny

Slovak: jasný

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: jasny

Slovincian: jasny

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: jasny

desc

Lower Sorbian: jasny, jěsny (“fast, quick; early, timely”)

From earlier *ěsknъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *áiˀšknas. Morphologically equivalent to *ěska (“bright light”) + *-nъ. Akin with Lithuanian áiškus.
Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ey- (“to energize, to invigorate”) or *h₂eydʰ- (“to ignite”). Compare Tocharian B yesäñ, Thracian Αι̃νος (Aĩnos, “Aenus”) (town in Eastern Thrace).


sěno

sě̑no (canonical neuter)
sě̑no (nominative singular)
sě̑ně (dual nominative)
sěnà (nominative plural)
sě̑na (genitive singular)
sěnù (dual genitive)
sě̃nъ (genitive plural)
sě̑nu (dative singular)
sěnomà (dative dual)
sěnòmъ (dative plural)
sě̑no (accusative singular)
sě̑ně (accusative dual)
sěnà (accusative plural)
sě̑nъmь (instrumental singular)
sě̑nomь (instrumental singular)
sěnomà (dual instrumental)
sěný (instrumental plural)
sě̑ně (locative singular)
sěnù (dual locative)
sěně̃xъ (locative plural)
sě̑no (singular vocative)
sě̑ně (dual vocative)
sěnà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сѣно (sěno)

Belarusian: се́на (sjéna)

Russian: се́но (séno)

Ukrainian: сі́но (síno)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: сѣно (sěno)

Glagolitic: ⱄⱑⱀⱁ (sěno)

Bulgarian: сено́ (senó), ся́ну (sjánu) (dialectal)

Macedonian: сено (seno)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: се̑но, си̏јено

Latin: sȇno, sȉjeno

Slovene: senọ̑ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sěno

Czech: seno

Kashubian: sano

Polabian: śonü

Polish: siano

Slovak: seno

Slovincian: sanô

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: syno

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: sanë

→ Greek: σανός (sanós)

→ Hungarian: széna

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śáina, cf. Lithuanian šiẽnas, Latvian sìens, probably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₁y- (“pale, faint”) (with loss of the laryngeal before *-y-). Another theory derives the Balto-Slavic from Proto-Indo-European *ḱey- (“to lie”), though this is neither semantically convincing nor unconvincing. Possibly related to Ancient Greek κοινά (koiná, “pasture, fodder”); see there for further discussion.


sěnь

sě̀nь (canonical feminine)
sě̀nь (nominative singular)
sě̀ni (dual nominative)
sě̀ni (nominative plural)
sě̀nī (genitive singular)
sě̀nьju (dual genitive)
sě̀nьjь (genitive plural)
sě̀ni (dative singular)
sě̀nьma (dative dual)
sě̀nьmъ (dative plural)
sě̀nь (accusative singular)
sě̀ni (accusative dual)
sě̀ni (accusative plural)
sě̀nьjǫ (instrumental singular)
sě̀nьma (dual instrumental)
sě̀nьmī (instrumental plural)
sě̀nī (locative singular)
sě̀nьju (dual locative)
sě̀nьxъ (locative plural)
sěni (singular vocative)
sě̀ni (dual vocative)
sě̀ni (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сѣни (sěni)

Belarusian: се́ні (sjéni)

Russian: се́нь (sénʹ), се́ни (séni)

Ukrainian: сі́ни (síny)

Old Novgorodian: сѣни (sěni)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сѣнь (sěnĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱑⱀⰻ (sěni)

Bulgarian: сен (sen), ся́нка (sjánka)

Macedonian: сенка (senka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: се̏на, сје̏на

Latin: sȅna, sjȅna

Slovene: sе̣̑nса (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: síň

Polish: sień

Slovak: sieň

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: seń

Upper Sorbian: seń

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śáiˀnas, probably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱéh₃y-ō ~ *(s)ḱih₃-nés (“shade, shadow”) (alternatively reconstructed as *sḱeh₂(y)-). Akin to Proto-Indo-Iranian *śćaHyáH (“shadow”), Ancient Greek σκιά (skiá, “shadow”).


ǫzlъ

ǫ̀zlъ (canonical masculine)
ǫ̀zlъ (nominative singular)
ǫ̀zla (dual nominative)
ǫ̀zli (nominative plural)
ǫ̀zla (genitive singular)
ǫ̀zlu (dual genitive)
ǫ̀zlъ (genitive plural)
ǫ̀zlu (dative singular)
ǫ̀zloma (dative dual)
ǫ̀zlomъ (dative plural)
ǫ̀zlъ (accusative singular)
ǫ̀zla (accusative dual)
ǫ̀zly (accusative plural)
ǫ̀zlъmь (instrumental singular)
ǫ̀zlomь (instrumental singular)
ǫ̀zloma (dual instrumental)
ǫ̀zlȳ (instrumental plural)
ǫ̀zlě (locative singular)
ǫ̀zlu (dual locative)
ǫ̀zlě̄xъ (locative plural)
ǫ̀zle (singular vocative)
ǫ̀zla (dual vocative)
ǫ̀zli (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: ѫзлъ (ǫzlŭ), узьлъ (uzĭlŭ), узълъ (uzŭlŭ)

Old Ruthenian: у́зелъ (úzel), у́золъ (úzol)

Belarusian: ву́зел (vúzjel)

Ukrainian: ву́зол (vúzol)

Russian: у́зел (úzel)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: ѫзлъ (ǫzlŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱘⰸⰾⱏ (ǫzlŭ)

Bulgarian: въ́зел (vǎ́zel), въ́ндзил (vǎ́ndzil) (dialectal)

Macedonian: јазол (jazol)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: у̏зао

Latin script: ȕzao

Slovene: vôzəl (tonal orthography), ôzəl (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: uzel

Czech: uzel

Bohemian (Chod dialect): huzel

Moravian (Mistřice): uzeu̯

Polabian: vǫzål

Old Polish: węzeł

Polish: węzeł

Silesian: wynzoł

→ Belarusian: ве́нзель (vjénzjelʹ)

→ Russian: ве́нзель (vénzelʹ)

→ Ukrainian: ве́нзель (vénzelʹ)

Pannonian Rusyn: ґузел (guzel)

Slovak: uzol

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wuzoł

Probably related to *vęzati. Possibly cognate with Lithuanian ą́žuolas, Latvian ozols, Old Prussian ansonis (“oak”).


bodati

bodàti (canonical)
bodanьje (noun-from-verb)
bodati (infinitive)
bodatъ (supine)
bodalъ (l-participle)
bodanъ (participle passive past)
bodajemъ (participle passive present)
bodavъ (active participle past)
bodaję (active participle present)
bodaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
boda (aorist second-person singular)
boda (aorist singular third-person)
bodajǫ (first-person present singular)
bodaješi (present second-person singular)
bodajetь (present singular third-person)
bodaxově (aorist dual first-person)
bodasta (aorist dual second-person)
bodaste (aorist dual third-person)
bodajevě (dual first-person present)
bodajeta (dual present second-person)
bodajete (dual present third-person)
bodaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bodaste (aorist plural second-person)
bodašę (aorist plural third-person)
bodajemъ (first-person plural present)
bodajete (plural present second-person)
bodajǫtь (plural present third-person)
bodaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bodaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bodaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bodaji (imperative second-person singular)
bodaji (imperative singular third-person)
bodaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bodaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bodaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bodajivě (dual first-person imperative)
bodajita (dual imperative second-person)
bodaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bodaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bodaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bodajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bodajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: бада́ць (badácʹ)

Russian: бода́ть (bodátʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бода́ (bodá)

Slovene: bǫ̂dati

West Slavic:

Czech: bodat

Slovak: bodať


pьrsty

pьrsty (nominative singular)
pьrsteni (dual nominative)
pьrstene (nominative plural)
pьrstene (genitive singular)
pьrstenu (dual genitive)
pьrstenъ (genitive plural)
pьrsteni (dative singular)
pьrstenьma (dative dual)
pьrstenьmъ (dative plural)
pьrstenь (accusative singular)
pьrsteni (accusative dual)
pьrsteni (accusative plural)
pьrstenьmь (instrumental singular)
pьrstenьma (dual instrumental)
pьrstenьmi (instrumental plural)
pьrstene (locative singular)
pьrstenu (dual locative)
pьrstenьxъ (locative plural)
pьrsty (singular vocative)
pьrsteni (dual vocative)
pьrstene (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: пьрстьнь (pĭrstĭnĭ), перстень (perstenĭ)

Belarusian: пе́рсцень (pjérscjenʹ)

Russian: пе́рстень (pérstenʹ)

Ukrainian: пе́рстень (pérstenʹ), пе́рстінь (pérstinʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: пръстень (prŭstenĭ), прьстень (prĭstenĭ)?

Bulgarian: пръ́стен (prǎ́sten)

Macedonian: прстен (prsten)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пр̏сте̄н, пр̏сте̑н

Latin script: pȑs̄ten, pȑstȇn

Slovene: pŕstan (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: prsten

Czech: prsten

Kashubian: pierscéń, piestrzéń

Old Polish: pierścień, pierzcień, pierzścień, pirścień

Polish: pierścień

Silesian: piestrzyń

Polabian: parstén

Old Slovak: persteň, prsteň

Pannonian Rusyn: персцень (perscenʹ)

Slovak: prsteň


verdъ

vȇrdъ (canonical masculine)
vȇrdъ (nominative singular)
vȇrda (dual nominative)
vȇrdi (nominative plural)
vȇrda (genitive singular)
verdù (dual genitive)
vẽrdъ (genitive plural)
vȇrdu (dative singular)
verdomà (dative dual)
verdòmъ (dative plural)
vȇrdъ (accusative singular)
vȇrda (accusative dual)
vȇrdy (accusative plural)
vȇrdъmь (instrumental singular)
vȇrdomь (instrumental singular)
verdomà (dual instrumental)
verdý (instrumental plural)
vȇrdě (locative singular)
verdù (dual locative)
verdě̃xъ (locative plural)
verde (singular vocative)
vȇrda (dual vocative)
vȇrdi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ве́рад (vjérad)

Russian: ве́ред (véred)

Ukrainian: ве́ред (véred)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: врѣдъ (vrědŭ)

Bulgarian: вред (vred) (dialectal)

→ Russian: вред (vred)

⇒ Bulgarian: вреда́ (vredá)

Macedonian:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ври̏јед (dialectal)

Latin script: vrȉjed (dialectal)

Slovene: vrèd (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vřěd

Czech: vřed

Moravian (Mistřice): břet

Old Polish: wrzód

Polish: wrzód

Slovak: vred

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: ŕod

Upper Sorbian: bŕód

The attested meaning wart seems to be from Proto-Indo-European *werd- (“to blister”), which could be a d-extension of Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to burn”) (compare Lithuanian vi̇̀rti (“to boil”), pres. stem vérdu). Cognate with Latvian apvir̂de (“blister”), Proto-Germanic *wartǭ (“wart”).
The expected outcome of Proto-Indo-European *werd- in Slavic would be an acute (probably mobile given the broken tone in Latvian) stem. There is some evidence of acute for the causative verb *verditi, but not for the noun. The attested data for the noun points instead towards a circumflex mobile stem (with -éрe- resolution of the *-er- cluster in East Slavic and neoacute in Serbo-Croatian). This outcome presumes origin from Proto-Indo-European *werdʰ- (“to raise”), cognate with Sanskrit वर्धति (vardhati, “to grow, to elevate”).
It is possible that both an acute and circumflex etymons existed at some point, which later merged together due to Meillet's law. Snoj presumes that the original meaning of the circumflex stem was sprout, outgrowth. This semantic nuance is attested in (South) Proto-Slavic *verdьnъ (“worthy, dignified”), though, it is not certain if this etymon is native or of borrowed origin.


ǫsъ

ǫ̃sъ (canonical masculine)
ǫ̃sъ (nominative singular)
ǭsà (dual nominative)
ǭsì (nominative plural)
ǭsà (genitive singular)
ǭsù (dual genitive)
ǫ̃sъ (genitive plural)
ǭsù (dative singular)
ǭsòma (dative dual)
ǭsòmъ (dative plural)
ǫ̃sъ (accusative singular)
ǭsà (accusative dual)
ǭsỳ (accusative plural)
ǭsъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
ǭsòmь (instrumental singular)
ǭsòma (dual instrumental)
ǫ̃sy (instrumental plural)
ǭsě̀ (locative singular)
ǭsù (dual locative)
ǫ̃sěxъ (locative plural)
ǫse (singular vocative)
ǭsà (dual vocative)
ǭsì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: вус (vus), ву́сы (vúsy)

Russian: ус (us), усы́ (usý)

desc

Ukrainian: вус (vus), ву́са (vúsa), ву́си (vúsy)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: въс (vǎs)

навъсен, свъсен

Bulgarian: навъсен, свъсен (navǎsen, svǎsen)

Macedonian:

⇒ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: на̀уснице

Latin script: nàusnice

Slovene: vọ̑s, vosi

West Slavic:

Czech: vous, vousy, fous, fousy

Polabian: vǫ̇s

Kashubian: wąs

Old Polish: wąs

Polish: wąs

Slovak: fúz, fúzy

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wusy

Upper Sorbian: wusy

From *vǫsъ < *vǫdsъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wándsa (whence Old Prussian wanso (“first beard”)), from Proto-Indo-European *wondʰsom, s-expansion of root *wendʰ- (“hair, wool, beard”).


pęstь

pę̑stь (canonical feminine)
pęstь (nominative singular)
pęsti (dual nominative)
pęsti (nominative plural)
pęsti (genitive singular)
pęstьju (dual genitive)
pęstьjь (genitive plural)
pęsti (dative singular)
pęstьma (dative dual)
pęstьmъ (dative plural)
pęstь (accusative singular)
pęsti (accusative dual)
pęsti (accusative plural)
pęstьjǫ (instrumental singular)
pęstьma (dual instrumental)
pęstьmi (instrumental plural)
pęsti (locative singular)
pęstьju (dual locative)
pęstьxъ (locative plural)
pęsti (singular vocative)
pęsti (dual vocative)
pęsti (plural vocative)

Old Church Slavonic: пѧсть (pęstĭ) (Serbian recension)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: пясць (pjascʹ)

Russian: пясть (pjastʹ)

⇒ Russian: запя́стье (zapjástʹje)

Ukrainian: п'ясть (pʺjastʹ)

⇒ Ukrainian: зап'я́стя (zapʺjástja)

⇒ Ukrainian: п'я́сток (pʺjástok)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian:

⇒ Bulgarian: пестни́к (pestník), песни́к (pesník)

Macedonian:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пе̏ст

Latin: pȅst

⇒ Serbo-Croatian: pèsnica

⇒ Serbo-Croatian: пѐсница

Slovene: pest

West Slavic:

Old Czech: pěst

Czech: pěst

Kashubian: pisc

Polish: pięść

Polabian: pąst

Slovak: päsť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pěsć

Upper Sorbian: pjasć

Probably from Proto-Balto-Slavic *penkstis, from Proto-Indo-European *pn̥kʷstis, from Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ- (“punch”). Cognate with Lithuanian kumštis (with metathesis and loss of *p) and Proto-West Germanic *fūsti.


ormę

òrmę (canonical neuter)
òrmę (nominative singular)
òrmeni (dual nominative)
òrmenā (nominative plural)
òrmene (genitive singular)
òrmenu (dual genitive)
òrmenъ (genitive plural)
òrmeni (dative singular)
òrmenьma (dative dual)
òrmenьmъ (dative plural)
òrmę (accusative singular)
òrmeni (accusative dual)
òrmenā (accusative plural)
òrmenьmь (instrumental singular)
òrmenьma (dual instrumental)
òrmenȳ (instrumental plural)
òrmene (locative singular)
òrmenu (dual locative)
òrmenьxъ (locative plural)
òrmę (singular vocative)
òrmeni (dual vocative)
òrmenā (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: рамѧ (ramę)

Belarusian: ра́мя (rámja)

Russian: ра́мя (rámja)

Ukrainian: ра́м'я (rámʺja), раме́но (raméno)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ра́мо (rámo)

Macedonian: рамо (ramo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ра̏ме

Latin script: rȁme

Slovene: ráma (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desctree

Old Czech: rámě, rameno (later)
Czech: rameno, rámě

Old Polish: ramię
Polish: ramię, remię (Near Masovian)
Silesian: ramiã

Polabian: råmą

Slovak: ramä

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: remiã

Slovincian: remjã

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: ramje

Upper Sorbian: ramjo


govęďь

govęďь (masculine nominative singular)
govęďa (feminine nominative singular)
govęďe (neuter nominative singular)
govęďa (genitive masculine singular)
govęďę̇ (feminine genitive singular)
govęďa (genitive neuter singular)
govęďu (dative masculine singular)
govęďi (dative feminine singular)
govęďu (dative neuter singular)
govęďь (accusative masculine singular)
govęďǫ (accusative feminine singular)
govęďe (accusative neuter singular)
govęďemь (instrumental masculine singular)
govęďejǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
govęďemь (instrumental neuter singular)
govęďi (locative masculine singular)
govęďi (feminine locative singular)
govęďi (locative neuter singular)
govęďu (masculine singular vocative)
govęďe (feminine singular vocative)
govęďe (neuter singular vocative)
govęďa (dual masculine nominative)
govęďi (dual feminine nominative)
govęďi (dual neuter nominative)
govęďu (dual genitive masculine)
govęďu (dual feminine genitive)
govęďu (dual genitive neuter)
govęďema (dative dual masculine)
govęďama (dative dual feminine)
govęďema (dative dual neuter)
govęďa (accusative dual masculine)
govęďi (accusative dual feminine)
govęďi (accusative dual neuter)
govęďema (dual instrumental masculine)
govęďama (dual feminine instrumental)
govęďema (dual instrumental neuter)
govęďu (dual locative masculine)
govęďu (dual feminine locative)
govęďu (dual locative neuter)
govęďa (dual masculine vocative)
govęďi (dual feminine vocative)
govęďi (dual neuter vocative)
govęďi (masculine nominative plural)
govęďę̇ (feminine nominative plural)
govęďa (neuter nominative plural)
govęďь (genitive masculine plural)
govęďь (feminine genitive plural)
govęďь (genitive neuter plural)
govęďemъ (dative masculine plural)
govęďamъ (dative feminine plural)
govęďemъ (dative neuter plural)
govęďę̇ (accusative masculine plural)
govęďę̇ (accusative feminine plural)
govęďa (accusative neuter plural)
govęďi (instrumental masculine plural)
govęďami (feminine instrumental plural)
govęďi (instrumental neuter plural)
govęďixъ (locative masculine plural)
govęďaxъ (feminine locative plural)
govęďixъ (locative neuter plural)
govęďi (masculine plural vocative)
govęďę̇ (feminine plural vocative)
govęďa (neuter plural vocative)
govęďьjь (masculine nominative singular)
govęďaja (feminine nominative singular)
govęďeje (neuter nominative singular)
govęďajego (genitive masculine singular)
govęďę̇ję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
govęďajego (genitive neuter singular)
govęďujemu (dative masculine singular)
govęďiji (dative feminine singular)
govęďujemu (dative neuter singular)
govęďьjь (accusative masculine singular)
govęďǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
govęďeje (accusative neuter singular)
govęďijimь (instrumental masculine singular)
govęďǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
govęďijimь (instrumental neuter singular)
govęďijemь (locative masculine singular)
govęďiji (feminine locative singular)
govęďijemь (locative neuter singular)
govęďьjь (masculine singular vocative)
govęďaja (feminine singular vocative)
govęďeje (neuter singular vocative)
govęďaja (dual masculine nominative)
govęďiji (dual feminine nominative)
govęďiji (dual neuter nominative)
govęďuju (dual genitive masculine)
govęďuju (dual feminine genitive)
govęďuju (dual genitive neuter)
govęďijima (dative dual masculine)
govęďijima (dative dual feminine)
govęďijima (dative dual neuter)
govęďaja (accusative dual masculine)
govęďiji (accusative dual feminine)
govęďiji (accusative dual neuter)
govęďijima (dual instrumental masculine)
govęďijima (dual feminine instrumental)
govęďijima (dual instrumental neuter)
govęďuju (dual locative masculine)
govęďuju (dual feminine locative)
govęďuju (dual locative neuter)
govęďaja (dual masculine vocative)
govęďiji (dual feminine vocative)
govęďiji (dual neuter vocative)
govęďiji (masculine nominative plural)
govęďę̇ję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
govęďaja (neuter nominative plural)
govęďьjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
govęďьjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
govęďьjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
govęďijimъ (dative masculine plural)
govęďijimъ (dative feminine plural)
govęďijimъ (dative neuter plural)
govęďę̇ję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
govęďę̇ję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
govęďaja (accusative neuter plural)
govęďijimi (instrumental masculine plural)
govęďijimi (feminine instrumental plural)
govęďijimi (instrumental neuter plural)
govęďijixъ (locative masculine plural)
govęďijixъ (feminine locative plural)
govęďijixъ (locative neuter plural)
govęďiji (masculine plural vocative)
govęďę̇ję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
govęďaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *говѧжь (*govęžĭ)

Old Ruthenian: говѧжїй (hovjažij)

Belarusian: гавя́джы (havjádžy)

Ukrainian: гов'я́жий (hovʺjážyj)

Russian: говя́жий (govjážij)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: говѧждь (govęždĭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: го̀веђӣ

Latin script: gòveđī

Slovene: govẹ́ji (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hovězí

Czech: hovězí

Slovak: hovädzí

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: howjazy

Lower Sorbian: gowjezy


sъlučajь

sъlučajь (nominative singular)
sъlučaja (dual nominative)
sъlučaji (nominative plural)
sъlučaja (genitive singular)
sъlučaju (dual genitive)
sъlučajь (genitive plural)
sъlučaju (dative singular)
sъlučajema (dative dual)
sъlučajemъ (dative plural)
sъlučajь (accusative singular)
sъlučaja (accusative dual)
sъlučaję̇ (accusative plural)
sъlučajьmь (instrumental singular)
sъlučajemь (instrumental singular)
sъlučajema (dual instrumental)
sъlučaji (instrumental plural)
sъlučaji (locative singular)
sъlučaju (dual locative)
sъlučajixъ (locative plural)
sъlučaju (singular vocative)
sъlučaja (dual vocative)
sъlučaji (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: слу́чай (slúčaj)

desc

Ukrainian: случа́й (slučáj), слу́чай (slúčaj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: сълоучаи (sŭlučai)

Bulgarian: случа́й (slučáj), слу́чeй (slúčej)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: слу̏ча̄ј

Latin script: slȕčāj

Slovene: slučȃj (tonal orthography)

lučь

*lučiti (“to reach a target, to achieve”)


želza

žēlzà (canonical feminine)
žēlzà (nominative singular)
žẽlzě (dual nominative)
žēlzỳ (nominative plural)
žēlzỳ (genitive singular)
žēlzù (dual genitive)
žẽlzъ (genitive plural)
žēlzě̀ (dative singular)
žēlzàma (dative dual)
žēlzàmъ (dative plural)
žēlzǫ̀ (accusative singular)
žẽlzě (accusative dual)
žēlzỳ (accusative plural)
žēlzòjǫ (instrumental singular)
žẽlzǫ (instrumental singular)
žēlzàma (dual instrumental)
žēlzàmī (instrumental plural)
žēlzě̀ (locative singular)
žēlzù (dual locative)
žēlzàsъ (locative plural)
žēlzàxъ (locative plural)
želzo (singular vocative)
žẽlzě (dual vocative)
žēlzỳ (plural vocative)
*želzda (alternative)
*žьlza (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: желоза (želoza), железа (železa)

Belarusian: зало́за (zalóza); жало́за (žalóza) (dialectal)

Russian: железа́ (železá); за́леза́ (zálezá), золо́за́ (zolózá) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: за́лоза (záloza)

Old Pskovian: зелеза (źeleźa)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: жлѣза (žlěza)

Glagolitic script: ⰶⰾⱑⰸⰰ (žlěza)

Bulgarian: жлеза́ (žlezá); жле́га (žléga), жлю́га (žljúga) (dialectal)

Macedonian: жлезда (žlezda)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жле́зда, жље́зда, жлије́зда

Latin script: žlézda, žljézda, žlijézda

Slovene: žlẹ́za

West Slavic:

Old Czech: žláza

Czech: žláza

Bohemian (Chod dialect): žleza

Slovak: žľaza

West Slavic:

Old Polish: zołzy f pl (“glandular infectious disease”)

Polish: zołza (epithet for “vicious woman”)

→ Ukrainian: зо́лза (zólza)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: žałza

Lower Sorbian: žałza, załza

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰelǵʰ-, related to Lithuanian gẽležuones, Old Armenian գեղձք (gełjkʻ).


remy

remy (nominative singular)
remeni (dual nominative)
remene (nominative plural)
remene (genitive singular)
remenu (dual genitive)
remenъ (genitive plural)
remeni (dative singular)
remenьma (dative dual)
remenьmъ (dative plural)
remenь (accusative singular)
remeni (accusative dual)
remeni (accusative plural)
remenьmь (instrumental singular)
remenьma (dual instrumental)
remenьmi (instrumental plural)
remene (locative singular)
remenu (dual locative)
remenьxъ (locative plural)
remy (singular vocative)
remeni (dual vocative)
remene (plural vocative)

Old East Slavic: ремꙑкъ (remykŭ):

Belarusian: рэ́мень (rémjenʹ)

Russian: реме́нь (reménʹ)

Ukrainian: ре́мінь (réminʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ремень (remenĭ)

Bulgarian: ре́мен (rémen) (dated)

Bulgarian: ре́мък (rémǎk)

Macedonian: ремен (remen)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ре̏ме̑н

Latin script: remen

Slovene: jermen

West Slavic:

Old Czech: řemen

Czech: řemen

Kashubian: rzem

Polish: rzemień

Slovak: remeň

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: rjemjeń

Upper Sorbian: rjemjeń


těmę

tě̀mę (canonical neuter)
těmę (nominative singular)
tě̀meni (dual nominative)
tě̀menā (nominative plural)
tě̀mene (genitive singular)
tě̀menu (dual genitive)
tě̀menъ (genitive plural)
tě̀meni (dative singular)
tě̀menьma (dative dual)
tě̀menьmъ (dative plural)
těmę (accusative singular)
tě̀meni (accusative dual)
tě̀menā (accusative plural)
tě̀menьmь (instrumental singular)
tě̀menьma (dual instrumental)
tě̀menȳ (instrumental plural)
tě̀mene (locative singular)
tě̀menu (dual locative)
tě̀menьxъ (locative plural)
těmę (singular vocative)
tě̀meni (dual vocative)
tě̀menā (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: тѣмѧ (těmę)

Belarusian: це́мя (cjémja)

Russian: те́мя (témja)

Ukrainian: ті́м'я (tímʺja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Bulgarian: те́ме (téme), тя́ме (tjáme) (dialectal)

Macedonian: теме (teme)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: те̏ме, тје̏ме

Latin script: tȅme, tjȅme

Slovene: téme (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desctree

Old Czech: témě, tiemě
Czech: temeno, témě

Old Polish: ciemię
Polish: ciemię
Silesian: ciymiã

Slovak: temä, temeno

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: śěmje

Upper Sorbian: tymjo

According to R. Matasović, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg- (“to cover”) + *-mn̥, with eventual loss of pre-Slavic *g before *m. Vasmer and Snoj allude a possible relation to Proto-Slavic *tęti (“to chop”) from Proto-Indo-European *temh₁-, however, such a derivation is semantically dubious and does not explain the long *-ě-. Sometimes also compared to Ancient Greek σῶμα (sôma, “body”) of uncertain origin (probably from Proto-Indo-European *tweH- (“to swell”), akin to Proto-Slavic *tylъ (“back of the neck”)).


lovitva

lovitva (nominative singular)
lovitvě (dual nominative)
lovitvy (nominative plural)
lovitvy (genitive singular)
lovitvu (dual genitive)
lovitvъ (genitive plural)
lovitvě (dative singular)
lovitvama (dative dual)
lovitvamъ (dative plural)
lovitvǫ (accusative singular)
lovitvě (accusative dual)
lovitvy (accusative plural)
lovitvojǫ (instrumental singular)
lovitvǫ (instrumental singular)
lovitvama (dual instrumental)
lovitvami (instrumental plural)
lovitvě (locative singular)
lovitvu (dual locative)
lovitvasъ (locative plural)
lovitvaxъ (locative plural)
lovitvo (singular vocative)
lovitvě (dual vocative)
lovitvy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ловитва (lovitva)

Middle Belarusian: ловитва (lovitva)

Russian: лови́тва (lovítva)

Middle Ukrainian: ловитва (lovytva)

Ukrainian: лови́тва (lovýtva)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ловитва (lovitva)

desc

Bulgarian: ловитба (lovitba), ловитва (lovitva), ловидба (lovidba)

Macedonian: ловидба (lovidba)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ло̀витва, ло̀видба

Latin script: lòvitva

Slovene: lovȋtev f, lovȋtva

West Slavic:

Polish: łowitwa


oratva

oratva (nominative singular)
oratvě (dual nominative)
oratvy (nominative plural)
oratvy (genitive singular)
oratvu (dual genitive)
oratvъ (genitive plural)
oratvě (dative singular)
oratvama (dative dual)
oratvamъ (dative plural)
oratvǫ (accusative singular)
oratvě (accusative dual)
oratvy (accusative plural)
oratvojǫ (instrumental singular)
oratvǫ (instrumental singular)
oratvama (dual instrumental)
oratvami (instrumental plural)
oratvě (locative singular)
oratvu (dual locative)
oratvasъ (locative plural)
oratvaxъ (locative plural)
oratvo (singular vocative)
oratvě (dual vocative)
oratvy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: оратва (oratva)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: оратва (oratva), оратьба (oratĭba)

Old Slovene: oratva

Slovene: orȃtva, Slovene: orȃtev f

West Slavic:

Old Czech: oratba


melstva

melstva (nominative singular)
melstvě (dual nominative)
melstvy (nominative plural)
melstvy (genitive singular)
melstvu (dual genitive)
melstvъ (genitive plural)
melstvě (dative singular)
melstvama (dative dual)
melstvamъ (dative plural)
melstvǫ (accusative singular)
melstvě (accusative dual)
melstvy (accusative plural)
melstvojǫ (instrumental singular)
melstvǫ (instrumental singular)
melstvama (dual instrumental)
melstvami (instrumental plural)
melstvě (locative singular)
melstvu (dual locative)
melstvasъ (locative plural)
melstvaxъ (locative plural)
melstvo (singular vocative)
melstvě (dual vocative)
melstvy (plural vocative)
*melstvъ (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: молостовъ (molostovŭ)

Russian: молосто́в (molostóv)

South Slavic:

Slovene: mlȇstva, mletva, mlȇtva, mletev

From *melsti + *-tva. Cognate with Lithuanian milžtuvė̃ (“milk pail”).


ěstva

ěstva (nominative singular)
ěstvě (dual nominative)
ěstvy (nominative plural)
ěstvy (genitive singular)
ěstvu (dual genitive)
ěstvъ (genitive plural)
ěstvě (dative singular)
ěstvama (dative dual)
ěstvamъ (dative plural)
ěstvǫ (accusative singular)
ěstvě (accusative dual)
ěstvy (accusative plural)
ěstvojǫ (instrumental singular)
ěstvǫ (instrumental singular)
ěstvama (dual instrumental)
ěstvami (instrumental plural)
ěstvě (locative singular)
ěstvu (dual locative)
ěstvasъ (locative plural)
ěstvaxъ (locative plural)
ěstvo (singular vocative)
ěstvě (dual vocative)
ěstvy (plural vocative)
*ěstvo (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ѣства (jěstva), ꙗства (jastva)

Russian: е́ство (jéstvo), е́ства́ (jéstvá), е́вство (jévstvo), е́сво (jésvo), е́сва́ (jésvá), есьва́ (jesʹvá)

Middle Ukrainian: иство (ystvo)

Ukrainian: їство́ (jistvó)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: је̏ствина

Latin script: jestvo, jestva, jȅstvina

Slovene: jȇstva

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jestva, jistvicě

Polish: *jastew- (see *ěstvьnъ)

From *ěsti (“to eat”) + *-tva. Compare Lithuanian ę̄stuve (“place to eat”).


meltva

meltva (nominative singular)
meltvě (dual nominative)
meltvy (nominative plural)
meltvy (genitive singular)
meltvu (dual genitive)
meltvъ (genitive plural)
meltvě (dative singular)
meltvama (dative dual)
meltvamъ (dative plural)
meltvǫ (accusative singular)
meltvě (accusative dual)
meltvy (accusative plural)
meltvojǫ (instrumental singular)
meltvǫ (instrumental singular)
meltvama (dual instrumental)
meltvami (instrumental plural)
meltvě (locative singular)
meltvu (dual locative)
meltvasъ (locative plural)
meltvaxъ (locative plural)
meltvo (singular vocative)
meltvě (dual vocative)
meltvy (plural vocative)
*meltьba (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: молотьба (molotĭba)

Russian: молотьба́ (molotʹbá)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мле̏̏тва

Latin script: mletva?, mljetvina

Slovene: mlêtva, mlêtev f

West Slavic:

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: mlětwa

Polish: młóćba


mertva

mertva (nominative singular)
mertvě (dual nominative)
mertvy (nominative plural)
mertvy (genitive singular)
mertvu (dual genitive)
mertvъ (genitive plural)
mertvě (dative singular)
mertvama (dative dual)
mertvamъ (dative plural)
mertvǫ (accusative singular)
mertvě (accusative dual)
mertvy (accusative plural)
mertvojǫ (instrumental singular)
mertvǫ (instrumental singular)
mertvama (dual instrumental)
mertvami (instrumental plural)
mertvě (locative singular)
mertvu (dual locative)
mertvasъ (locative plural)
mertvaxъ (locative plural)
mertvo (singular vocative)
mertvě (dual vocative)
mertvy (plural vocative)

West Slavic:

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: mřetwa

Lower Sorbian: mřetwa


mytva

mytva (nominative singular)
mytvě (dual nominative)
mytvy (nominative plural)
mytvy (genitive singular)
mytvu (dual genitive)
mytvъ (genitive plural)
mytvě (dative singular)
mytvama (dative dual)
mytvamъ (dative plural)
mytvǫ (accusative singular)
mytvě (accusative dual)
mytvy (accusative plural)
mytvojǫ (instrumental singular)
mytvǫ (instrumental singular)
mytvama (dual instrumental)
mytvami (instrumental plural)
mytvě (locative singular)
mytvu (dual locative)
mytvasъ (locative plural)
mytvaxъ (locative plural)
mytvo (singular vocative)
mytvě (dual vocative)
mytvy (plural vocative)
*mytvo (alternative)
*mytьba (alternative)

Church Slavonic: мытва (mytva)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мꙑтва (mytva)

Russian: мытво́ (mytvó), (possibly) мытьба́ (mytʹbá)

Belarusian: мыцьво́ (mycʹvó)

West Slavic:

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: mytwo


litva

litva (nominative singular)
litvě (dual nominative)
litvy (nominative plural)
litvy (genitive singular)
litvu (dual genitive)
litvъ (genitive plural)
litvě (dative singular)
litvama (dative dual)
litvamъ (dative plural)
litvǫ (accusative singular)
litvě (accusative dual)
litvy (accusative plural)
litvojǫ (instrumental singular)
litvǫ (instrumental singular)
litvama (dual instrumental)
litvami (instrumental plural)
litvě (locative singular)
litvu (dual locative)
litvasъ (locative plural)
litvaxъ (locative plural)
litvo (singular vocative)
litvě (dual vocative)
litvy (plural vocative)
*litьba (alternative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: лі́тба (lítba, “Circaea lutetiana L.”) (possibly)

Russian: литва́ (litvá)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ли̏тва

West Slavic:

Czech: litba

From *liti + *-tva. Cognate with Lithuanian Lietuvà. Compare Latin lītus.