sъpati

c (accent-paradigm)
sъpanьje (noun-from-verb)
sъpati (infinitive)
sъpatъ (supine)
sъpalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
sъpavъ (active participle past)
sъpę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
sъpaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sъpa (aorist second-person singular)
sъpa (aorist singular third-person)
sъpľǫ (first-person present singular)
sъpiši (present second-person singular)
sъpitь (present singular third-person)
sъpaxově (aorist dual first-person)
sъpasta (aorist dual second-person)
sъpaste (aorist dual third-person)
sъpivě (dual first-person present)
sъpita (dual present second-person)
sъpite (dual present third-person)
sъpaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sъpaste (aorist plural second-person)
sъpašę (aorist plural third-person)
sъpimъ (first-person plural present)
sъpite (plural present second-person)
sъpętь (plural present third-person)
sъpaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sъpaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sъpaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sъpi (imperative second-person singular)
sъpi (imperative singular third-person)
sъpaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sъpaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sъpaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sъpivě (dual first-person imperative)
sъpita (dual imperative second-person)
sъpaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sъpaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sъpaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sъpimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sъpite (imperative plural second-person)
b (accent-paradigm)
sъpanьje (noun-from-verb)
sъpati (infinitive)
sъpatъ (supine)
sъpalъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
sъpavъ (active participle past)
sъpę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
sъpaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sъpa (aorist second-person singular)
sъpa (aorist singular third-person)
sъpľǫ (first-person present singular)
sъpiši (present second-person singular)
sъpitь (present singular third-person)
sъpaxově (aorist dual first-person)
sъpasta (aorist dual second-person)
sъpaste (aorist dual third-person)
sъpivě (dual first-person present)
sъpita (dual present second-person)
sъpite (dual present third-person)
sъpaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sъpaste (aorist plural second-person)
sъpašę (aorist plural third-person)
sъpimъ (first-person plural present)
sъpite (plural present second-person)
sъpętь (plural present third-person)
sъpaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sъpaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sъpaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sъpi (imperative second-person singular)
sъpi (imperative singular third-person)
sъpaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sъpaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sъpaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sъpivě (dual first-person imperative)
sъpita (dual imperative second-person)
sъpaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sъpaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sъpaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sъpimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sъpite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: съпати (sŭpati)

Belarusian: спаць (spacʹ)

Russian: спать (spatʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: спа́ти (spáty)

Ukrainian: спа́ти (spáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: съпати (sŭpati)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱏⱂⰰⱅⰻ (sŭpati)

Bulgarian: спя (spja)

Macedonian: спие (spie)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: спа̏ти

Latin script: spȁti

Slovene: spáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: spáti
Czech: spát

desctree

Old Polish: spać
Polish: spać
Silesian: spać

Slovak: spať

Polabian: såpăt, såpot

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: spac

Slovincian: spac

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: spaś

Upper Sorbian: spać

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *supn-. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *supn- + *-ati, from *swep- (“to sleep”). Cognate with Lithuanian sapnuoti (“to dream”), Sanskrit स्वपति (svápati), स्वपिति (svápiti, “to sleep”), Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬟𐬯𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (xᵛafsaⁱti, “to sleep”), Latin sōpīre (“to fall asleep”), Proto-Germanic *swefaną (“to sleep”), Old English swefan (“to sleep”). Also cognate with Proto-Germanic *swefnaz, Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos), Latin somnus, Old Irish súan. See also Proto-Slavic *sъ̀nъ (“sleep, dream”).


-ę

-ę (nominative singular)
-ęti (dual nominative)
-ęta (nominative plural)
-ęte (genitive singular)
-ętu (dual genitive)
-ętъ (genitive plural)
-ęti (dative singular)
-ętьma (dative dual)
-ętьmъ (dative plural)
-ę (accusative singular)
-ęti (accusative dual)
-ęta (accusative plural)
-ętьmь (instrumental singular)
-ętьma (dual instrumental)
-ęty (instrumental plural)
-ęte (locative singular)
-ętu (dual locative)
-ętьxъ (locative plural)
-ę (singular vocative)
-ęti (dual vocative)
-ęta (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: -ѧ (-ję)

Old Ruthenian: -ѧ (-ja)

Belarusian: -я (-ja)

Carpathian Rusyn: -я (-ja)

Ukrainian: -я (-ja)

Russian: -я (-ja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: -ѧ (-ę)

Bulgarian: -е (-e)

Macedonian: -е (-e)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -е

Latin script: -e

Slovene: -e

West Slavic:

Old Czech: -e

Czech: -e

Old Polish: -ę
Polish: -ę
Silesian: -ã

Polabian: -ą

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: -ã

Slovincian: -ã

Slovak: -a, -ä

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: -e

Upper Sorbian: -o

Nominative singular ending *-ę reflects Early Proto-Slavic *-ēn, a regular reflex of a pre-form *-ent. Slavic nt-stems have no clear comparison in other Indo-European languages. It is usually compared to Latvian nouns in -ēn- which also often denote young animals with three possible theories of origin:
* Slavic suffix *-nt- originated in Proto-Slavic, by agglutination of the inherited Balto-Slavic *-n- and a secondary suffix *-t- of obscure origin.
* Balto-Slavic inflection exhibited ablaut, with Slavic generalizing normal grade *-en- and Baltic generalizing lengthened grade *-ēn-, with the origin of Slavic *-t- remaining unexplained.
* Balto-Slavic inflection already contained *-nt- suffix, retained in Slavic but with Baltic generalizing the nominoaccusative stem in *-ēn < *-ent.

Forms nouns for young animals and other diminutives.


gladiti

glàditi (canonical)
glaďenьje (noun-from-verb)
gladiti (infinitive)
gladitъ (supine)
gladilъ (l-participle)
glaďenъ (participle passive past)
gladimъ (participle passive present)
glaďь (active participle past)
gladę (active participle present)
gladixъ (aorist first-person singular)
gladi (aorist second-person singular)
gladi (aorist singular third-person)
glaďǫ (first-person present singular)
gladiši (present second-person singular)
gladitь (present singular third-person)
gladixově (aorist dual first-person)
gladista (aorist dual second-person)
gladiste (aorist dual third-person)
gladivě (dual first-person present)
gladita (dual present second-person)
gladite (dual present third-person)
gladixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gladiste (aorist plural second-person)
gladišę (aorist plural third-person)
gladimъ (first-person plural present)
gladite (plural present second-person)
gladętь (plural present third-person)
glaďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
glaďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
glaďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gladi (imperative second-person singular)
gladi (imperative singular third-person)
glaďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
glaďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
glaďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gladivě (dual first-person imperative)
gladita (dual imperative second-person)
glaďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
glaďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
glaďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gladimъ (first-person imperative plural)
gladite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гладити (gladiti)

Belarusian: гла́дзіць (hládzicʹ)

Russian: гла́дить (gláditʹ)

Ukrainian: гла́дити (hládyty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: гладити (gladiti)

Bulgarian: гла́дя (gládja)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гла̏дити

Latin script: glȁditi

Slovene: gláditi (tonal orthography) (to rub)

West Slavic:

Czech: hladit

Polish: gładzić

Slovak: hladiť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: głaźiś

Upper Sorbian: hładźić


-ьstvo

-ьstvo (nominative singular)
-ьstvě (dual nominative)
-ьstva (nominative plural)
-ьstva (genitive singular)
-ьstvu (dual genitive)
-ьstvъ (genitive plural)
-ьstvu (dative singular)
-ьstvoma (dative dual)
-ьstvomъ (dative plural)
-ьstvo (accusative singular)
-ьstvě (accusative dual)
-ьstva (accusative plural)
-ьstvъmь (instrumental singular)
-ьstvomь (instrumental singular)
-ьstvoma (dual instrumental)
-ьstvy (instrumental plural)
-ьstvě (locative singular)
-ьstvu (dual locative)
-ьstvěxъ (locative plural)
-ьstvo (singular vocative)
-ьstvě (dual vocative)
-ьstva (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: -ьство (-ĭstvo)

desc

Belarusian: -ства (-stva), -ство́ (-stvó)

Russian: -ство (-stvo)

Ukrainian: -ство (-stvo)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: -ьство (-ĭstvo)

Glagolitic: ⱐⱄⱅⰲⱁ (ĭstvo)

Bulgarian: -ство (-stvo)

Macedonian: -ство (-stvo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -ство

Latin script: -stvo

Slovene: -stvo

West Slavic:

Old Czech: -stvo, -stvie

Czech: -stvo, -ství

desctree

Old Polish: -stwo
Polish: -stwo
Silesian: -stwo

Slovak: -stvo

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: -stwo

Slovincian: -stwô

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: -stwo

Upper Sorbian: -stwo

Borrowings:

desc

→ Yiddish: ־סטווע (-stve) (via Belarusian, Polish, Russian, and Ukrainian)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-istwa, from Proto-Indo-European *-twom. See also *-tvo.
Compare Sanskrit -त्व (-tva, “-ness, -hood”).

bogatъ (“rich, wealth”) → *bogatьstvo (“wealth, fortune; richness”)

lǫkavъ (“evil, cunning”) → *lǫkavьstvo (“wickedness, cunningness”)

mъnogъ (“many”) → *mъnožьstvo (“multitude, crowd”)

Deadjectival, forming nouns denoting a condition or state. Equivalent of English -hood, -ness.

gospodь (“lord, master”) → *gospodьstvo (“power, rule, government”)

děva (“maiden, virgin”) → *děvьstvo (“virginity, purity”)

mǫžь (“man, husband”) → *mǫžьstvo (“masculinity, manhood”)

Denominal, forming nouns denoting a performance or carrying of action. Equivalent of English -hood, -ness.

dějati (“to do, act”) → *dějьstvo (“performance, operation”)

čuti (“to feel, perceive”) → *čujьstvo, *čuvьstvo (“feeling, emotion”)

Deverbal, forming nouns denoting an action. Equivalent of English -hood, -ness.


kresati

kresanьje (noun-from-verb)
kresati (infinitive)
kresatъ (supine)
kresalъ (l-participle)
kresanъ (participle passive past)
krešemъ (participle passive present)
kresavъ (active participle past)
krešę (active participle present)
kresaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kresa (aorist second-person singular)
kresa (aorist singular third-person)
krešǫ (first-person present singular)
krešeši (present second-person singular)
krešetь (present singular third-person)
kresaxově (aorist dual first-person)
kresasta (aorist dual second-person)
kresaste (aorist dual third-person)
kreševě (dual first-person present)
krešeta (dual present second-person)
krešete (dual present third-person)
kresaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kresaste (aorist plural second-person)
kresašę (aorist plural third-person)
krešemъ (first-person plural present)
krešete (plural present second-person)
krešǫtь (plural present third-person)
kresaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kresaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kresaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kreši (imperative second-person singular)
kreši (imperative singular third-person)
kresaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kresaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kresaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
krešivě (dual first-person imperative)
krešita (dual imperative second-person)
kresaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kresaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kresaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
krešimъ (first-person imperative plural)
krešite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: краса́ць (krasácʹ)

Russian: креса́ть (kresátʹ), креси́ть (kresítʹ) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: креса́ти (kresáty)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: крѐсати

Latin script: krèsati

Slovene: kresáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: křesati

Czech: křesat

Kashubian: krzosac

Polish: krzesać, krzosać (dialectal)

Slovak: kresať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: kśasaś (dialectal)

Upper Sorbian: křesać

Cognate with Lithuanian krešė́ti (“to clot, to dry and harden”), perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European *kreḱ- (“to strike, beat”), and cognate with Ancient Greek κρέκω (krékō, “to weave; to strike a stringed instrument with a plectrum”), κρόκη (krókē, “thread, woof”), Proto-Germanic *hrahilaz (“reed of a loom”) (whence English reel), and *hragilą (“garment”).
Yakulis alternatively derives the Baltic and Slavic terms from an extension of Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”).


běda

bě̄dà (canonical feminine)
bě̄dà (nominative singular)
bě̃dě (dual nominative)
bě̄dỳ (nominative plural)
bě̄dỳ (genitive singular)
bě̄dù (dual genitive)
bě̃dъ (genitive plural)
bě̄dě̀ (dative singular)
bě̄dàma (dative dual)
bě̄dàmъ (dative plural)
bě̄dǫ̀ (accusative singular)
bě̃dě (accusative dual)
bě̄dỳ (accusative plural)
bě̄dòjǫ (instrumental singular)
bě̃dǫ (instrumental singular)
bě̄dàma (dual instrumental)
bě̄dàmī (instrumental plural)
bě̄dě̀ (locative singular)
bě̄dù (dual locative)
bě̄dàsъ (locative plural)
bě̄dàxъ (locative plural)
bědo (singular vocative)
bě̃dě (dual vocative)
bě̄dỳ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: бѣда (běda)

desc

Old Ruthenian: бѣда́ (bědá), бида́ (bidá)

Belarusian: бяда́ (bjadá)

Ukrainian: біда́ (bidá)

Russian: беда́ (bedá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: бѣда (běda)

Glagolitic script: ⰱⱑⰴⰰ (běda)

Bulgarian: беда́ (bedá)

Macedonian: бе́да (béda)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бе́да, бије́да

Latin script: béda, bijéda

Slovene: bẹ́da (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: bída (“poverty, misery”), běda (“woe!”)

Kashubian: biéda

Old Polish: biada

Polish: bieda (“poverty”), biada (“woe”)

Slovak: bieda, beda

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: běda

Upper Sorbian: běda

Opinions alternate between:
* Meyer (in context to Albanian be): Via earlier *báidāˀ from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeydʰ- (“to cajole, force, compel”), cognate with Albanian be f (“oath”), Latin foedus (“treaty”). Probably also akin to Lithuanian bai̇̃das (“scare”) (per Martynov). Lyapunov (ИОРЯС XXXI) further interprets the etymon as *bojati (“to fear”) + *-da (locative suffix). In contrast, Milleit views it as a deverbial from *běditi (“to compel, to coerce”) (doubted by Trubačev).
* Derksen, Smoczyński: Cognate with Lithuanian bėdà (“misfortune, guilt”), Latvian bēda (“misfortune, guilt”), presumably from *bḗdāˀ, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bʰedʰ- (“to oppress”). Further akin to Lithuanian bãdas (“hunger”), Latvian bads (“hunger”), possibly Sanskrit बाधा (bādhā, “hardship, suffering”).
Convergence of the two sources cannot be excluded either.

běditi

to compel, to coerce, to defeat; to persuade, to slander, to cuss


narodъ

nȃrodъ (canonical)
naròdъ (canonical masculine)
nȃrodъ (nominative singular)
nȃroda (dual nominative)
nȃrodi (nominative plural)
nȃroda (genitive singular)
narodù (dual genitive)
naròdъ (genitive plural)
nȃrodu (dative singular)
narodomà (dative dual)
narodòmъ (dative plural)
nȃrodъ (accusative singular)
nȃroda (accusative dual)
nȃrody (accusative plural)
nȃrodъmь (instrumental singular)
nȃrodomь (instrumental singular)
narodomà (dual instrumental)
narodý (instrumental plural)
nȃrodě (locative singular)
narodù (dual locative)
narodě̃xъ (locative plural)
narode (singular vocative)
nȃroda (dual vocative)
nȃrodi (plural vocative)
naròdъ (nominative singular)
naròda (dual nominative)
naròdi (nominative plural)
naròda (genitive singular)
naròdu (dual genitive)
naròdъ (genitive plural)
naròdu (dative singular)
naròdoma (dative dual)
naròdomъ (dative plural)
naròdъ (accusative singular)
naròda (accusative dual)
naròdy (accusative plural)
naròdъmь (instrumental singular)
naròdomь (instrumental singular)
naròdoma (dual instrumental)
naròdȳ (instrumental plural)
naròdě (locative singular)
naròdu (dual locative)
naròdě̄xъ (locative plural)
naròde (singular vocative)
naròda (dual vocative)
naròdi (plural vocative)

Dybo's law
Jay H. Jasanoff
Oleg Trubachyov
Rick Derksen

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: на́родъ (národŭ), наро́дъ (naródŭ)

Old Ruthenian: на́родъ (národ), наро́дъ (naród)

Carpathian Rusyn: наро́д (naród)

Ukrainian: на́рід (nárid), наро́д (naród)

Belarusian: наро́д (naród)

Russian: наро́д (naród)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: народъ (narodŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱀⰰⱃⱁⰴⱏ (narodŭ)

Bulgarian: наро́д (naród)

→ Romanian: nerod, nărod

Macedonian: на́род (národ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: на́род

Latin script: národ

Slovene: národ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: nôród

Old Czech: národ
Czech: národ

desctree

Old Polish: naród
Polish: naród
Silesian: nŏrōd

Slovak: národ

Non-Slavic:

→ English: narot

→ Romanian: norod

desc

→ Yiddish: (via Polish/Russian/Ukrainian/Belarusian, or all of the above) נאַראָד (narod)

Either:
* from *nȃ- + *rȍdъ
* deverbal from *naroditi
Either way, from the same root.
For meaning shift compare Latin nātiō (“birth; that which is born; living creature; human race, clan, tribe; people, nation”).
Jay H. Jasanoff proposes a shift in stress to the second syllable according to Dybo's law, however, apparently this contradicts the Old East Slavic forms на́ро^д (nároᵈ) and народы̀ (narodỳ), where the forms are enclinomena.


rodъ

rȍdъ (canonical masculine)
rȍdъ (nominative singular)
rȍda (dual nominative)
rȍdi (nominative plural)
rȍda (genitive singular)
rodù (dual genitive)
ròdъ (genitive plural)
rȍdu (dative singular)
rodomà (dative dual)
rodòmъ (dative plural)
rȍdъ (accusative singular)
rȍda (accusative dual)
rȍdy (accusative plural)
rȍdъmь (instrumental singular)
rȍdomь (instrumental singular)
rodomà (dual instrumental)
rodý (instrumental plural)
rȍdě (locative singular)
rodù (dual locative)
rodě̃xъ (locative plural)
rode (singular vocative)
rȍda (dual vocative)
rȍdi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: родъ (rodŭ)

Belarusian: род (rod)

Russian: род (rod)

Ukrainian: рід (rid)

→ Finnish: rotu

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: родъ (rodŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱃⱁⰴⱏ (rodŭ)

Bulgarian: род (rod)

Macedonian: род (rod)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: род

Latin script: rȏd

Slovene: ród

West Slavic:

Czech: rod

Kashubian: ród

Polish: ród

Slovak: rod

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: rod

Upper Sorbian: ród

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: rod

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *radás. Cognate with Latvian rads.

rodina

people or land belonging to the family; family, homeland


narodьnъ

narodьnъ (masculine nominative singular)
narodьna (feminine nominative singular)
narodьno (neuter nominative singular)
narodьna (genitive masculine singular)
narodьny (feminine genitive singular)
narodьna (genitive neuter singular)
narodьnu (dative masculine singular)
narodьně (dative feminine singular)
narodьnu (dative neuter singular)
narodьnъ (accusative masculine singular)
narodьnǫ (accusative feminine singular)
narodьno (accusative neuter singular)
narodьnomь (instrumental masculine singular)
narodьnojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
narodьnomь (instrumental neuter singular)
narodьně (locative masculine singular)
narodьně (feminine locative singular)
narodьně (locative neuter singular)
narodьne (masculine singular vocative)
narodьno (feminine singular vocative)
narodьno (neuter singular vocative)
narodьna (dual masculine nominative)
narodьně (dual feminine nominative)
narodьně (dual neuter nominative)
narodьnu (dual genitive masculine)
narodьnu (dual feminine genitive)
narodьnu (dual genitive neuter)
narodьnoma (dative dual masculine)
narodьnama (dative dual feminine)
narodьnoma (dative dual neuter)
narodьna (accusative dual masculine)
narodьně (accusative dual feminine)
narodьně (accusative dual neuter)
narodьnoma (dual instrumental masculine)
narodьnama (dual feminine instrumental)
narodьnoma (dual instrumental neuter)
narodьnu (dual locative masculine)
narodьnu (dual feminine locative)
narodьnu (dual locative neuter)
narodьna (dual masculine vocative)
narodьně (dual feminine vocative)
narodьně (dual neuter vocative)
narodьni (masculine nominative plural)
narodьny (feminine nominative plural)
narodьna (neuter nominative plural)
narodьnъ (genitive masculine plural)
narodьnъ (feminine genitive plural)
narodьnъ (genitive neuter plural)
narodьnomъ (dative masculine plural)
narodьnamъ (dative feminine plural)
narodьnomъ (dative neuter plural)
narodьny (accusative masculine plural)
narodьny (accusative feminine plural)
narodьna (accusative neuter plural)
narodьny (instrumental masculine plural)
narodьnami (feminine instrumental plural)
narodьny (instrumental neuter plural)
narodьněxъ (locative masculine plural)
narodьnaxъ (feminine locative plural)
narodьněxъ (locative neuter plural)
narodьni (masculine plural vocative)
narodьny (feminine plural vocative)
narodьna (neuter plural vocative)
narodьnъjь (masculine nominative singular)
narodьnaja (feminine nominative singular)
narodьnoje (neuter nominative singular)
narodьnajego (genitive masculine singular)
narodьnyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
narodьnajego (genitive neuter singular)
narodьnujemu (dative masculine singular)
narodьněji (dative feminine singular)
narodьnujemu (dative neuter singular)
narodьnъjь (accusative masculine singular)
narodьnǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
narodьnoje (accusative neuter singular)
narodьnyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
narodьnǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
narodьnyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
narodьnějemь (locative masculine singular)
narodьněji (feminine locative singular)
narodьnějemь (locative neuter singular)
narodьnъjь (masculine singular vocative)
narodьnaja (feminine singular vocative)
narodьnoje (neuter singular vocative)
narodьnaja (dual masculine nominative)
narodьněji (dual feminine nominative)
narodьněji (dual neuter nominative)
narodьnuju (dual genitive masculine)
narodьnuju (dual feminine genitive)
narodьnuju (dual genitive neuter)
narodьnyjima (dative dual masculine)
narodьnyjima (dative dual feminine)
narodьnyjima (dative dual neuter)
narodьnaja (accusative dual masculine)
narodьněji (accusative dual feminine)
narodьněji (accusative dual neuter)
narodьnyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
narodьnyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
narodьnyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
narodьnuju (dual locative masculine)
narodьnuju (dual feminine locative)
narodьnuju (dual locative neuter)
narodьnaja (dual masculine vocative)
narodьněji (dual feminine vocative)
narodьněji (dual neuter vocative)
narodьniji (masculine nominative plural)
narodьnyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
narodьnaja (neuter nominative plural)
narodьnъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
narodьnъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
narodьnъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
narodьnyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
narodьnyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
narodьnyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
narodьnyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
narodьnyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
narodьnaja (accusative neuter plural)
narodьnyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
narodьnyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
narodьnyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
narodьnyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
narodьnyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
narodьnyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
narodьniji (masculine plural vocative)
narodьnyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
narodьnaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: наро́дны (naródny)

Russian: наро́дный (naródnyj)

Ukrainian: наро́дний (naródnyj)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: народьнъ (narodĭnŭ)

Bulgarian: наро́ден (naróden)

Macedonian: на́роден (národen)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: на́роднӣ

Latin script: národnī

Slovene: národen

West Slavic:

Czech: národní

Slovak: národný

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: narodny

Upper Sorbian: narodny


-ьnъ

-ьnъ (masculine nominative singular)
-ьna (feminine nominative singular)
-ьno (neuter nominative singular)
-ьna (genitive masculine singular)
-ьny (feminine genitive singular)
-ьna (genitive neuter singular)
-ьnu (dative masculine singular)
-ьně (dative feminine singular)
-ьnu (dative neuter singular)
-ьnъ (accusative masculine singular)
-ьnǫ (accusative feminine singular)
-ьno (accusative neuter singular)
-ьnomь (instrumental masculine singular)
-ьnojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
-ьnomь (instrumental neuter singular)
-ьně (locative masculine singular)
-ьně (feminine locative singular)
-ьně (locative neuter singular)
-ьne (masculine singular vocative)
-ьno (feminine singular vocative)
-ьno (neuter singular vocative)
-ьna (dual masculine nominative)
-ьně (dual feminine nominative)
-ьně (dual neuter nominative)
-ьnu (dual genitive masculine)
-ьnu (dual feminine genitive)
-ьnu (dual genitive neuter)
-ьnoma (dative dual masculine)
-ьnama (dative dual feminine)
-ьnoma (dative dual neuter)
-ьna (accusative dual masculine)
-ьně (accusative dual feminine)
-ьně (accusative dual neuter)
-ьnoma (dual instrumental masculine)
-ьnama (dual feminine instrumental)
-ьnoma (dual instrumental neuter)
-ьnu (dual locative masculine)
-ьnu (dual feminine locative)
-ьnu (dual locative neuter)
-ьna (dual masculine vocative)
-ьně (dual feminine vocative)
-ьně (dual neuter vocative)
-ьni (masculine nominative plural)
-ьny (feminine nominative plural)
-ьna (neuter nominative plural)
-ьnъ (genitive masculine plural)
-ьnъ (feminine genitive plural)
-ьnъ (genitive neuter plural)
-ьnomъ (dative masculine plural)
-ьnamъ (dative feminine plural)
-ьnomъ (dative neuter plural)
-ьny (accusative masculine plural)
-ьny (accusative feminine plural)
-ьna (accusative neuter plural)
-ьny (instrumental masculine plural)
-ьnami (feminine instrumental plural)
-ьny (instrumental neuter plural)
-ьněxъ (locative masculine plural)
-ьnaxъ (feminine locative plural)
-ьněxъ (locative neuter plural)
-ьni (masculine plural vocative)
-ьny (feminine plural vocative)
-ьna (neuter plural vocative)
-ьnъjь (masculine nominative singular)
-ьnaja (feminine nominative singular)
-ьnoje (neuter nominative singular)
-ьnajego (genitive masculine singular)
-ьnyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
-ьnajego (genitive neuter singular)
-ьnujemu (dative masculine singular)
-ьněji (dative feminine singular)
-ьnujemu (dative neuter singular)
-ьnъjь (accusative masculine singular)
-ьnǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
-ьnoje (accusative neuter singular)
-ьnyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
-ьnǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
-ьnyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
-ьnějemь (locative masculine singular)
-ьněji (feminine locative singular)
-ьnějemь (locative neuter singular)
-ьnъjь (masculine singular vocative)
-ьnaja (feminine singular vocative)
-ьnoje (neuter singular vocative)
-ьnaja (dual masculine nominative)
-ьněji (dual feminine nominative)
-ьněji (dual neuter nominative)
-ьnuju (dual genitive masculine)
-ьnuju (dual feminine genitive)
-ьnuju (dual genitive neuter)
-ьnyjima (dative dual masculine)
-ьnyjima (dative dual feminine)
-ьnyjima (dative dual neuter)
-ьnaja (accusative dual masculine)
-ьněji (accusative dual feminine)
-ьněji (accusative dual neuter)
-ьnyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
-ьnyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
-ьnyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
-ьnuju (dual locative masculine)
-ьnuju (dual feminine locative)
-ьnuju (dual locative neuter)
-ьnaja (dual masculine vocative)
-ьněji (dual feminine vocative)
-ьněji (dual neuter vocative)
-ьniji (masculine nominative plural)
-ьnyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
-ьnaja (neuter nominative plural)
-ьnъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
-ьnъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
-ьnъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
-ьnyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
-ьnyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
-ьnyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
-ьnyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
-ьnyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
-ьnaja (accusative neuter plural)
-ьnyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
-ьnyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
-ьnyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
-ьnyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
-ьnyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
-ьnyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
-ьniji (masculine plural vocative)
-ьnyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
-ьnaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: -ьнъ (-ĭnŭ)

Old Ruthenian: -ный (-nyj)

Belarusian: -ны (-ny)

Ukrainian: -ний (-nyj)

Russian: -ный (-nyj)

Old Novgorodian: -ьне (-ĭne)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: -ьнъ (-ĭnŭ)

Bulgarian: -ен (-en), -ън (-ǎn) (Torlakian dialect)

Macedonian: -ен (-en)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -ан

Latin script: -an

Slovene: -en

West Slavic:

Czech: -ný, -ní

Old Polish: -ny
Polish: -ny

Slovak: -ný, -ny

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: -ny

Slovincian: -ny

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: -ni

Lower Sorbian: -ny

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *-nós
Proto-Slavic *-ьnъ
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-inas, from Proto-Indo-European *-inos. Cognate with Lithuanian -inas and Old Prussian -ins.

etymon

-ish, -ic, -al, -ed; having a particular quality of, pertaining to, associated with

bezbordьnъ < *bezbordъ

bezrǫčьnъ < *bezrǫkъ

besormьnъ < *besormъ

bezǫbьnъ < *bezǫbъ

domaťьnъ < *domaťь


-ěnъ

ěnъ (masculine nominative singular)
ěna (feminine nominative singular)
ěno (neuter nominative singular)
ěna (genitive masculine singular)
ěny (feminine genitive singular)
ěna (genitive neuter singular)
ěnu (dative masculine singular)
ěně (dative feminine singular)
ěnu (dative neuter singular)
ěnъ (accusative masculine singular)
ěnǫ (accusative feminine singular)
ěno (accusative neuter singular)
ěnomь (instrumental masculine singular)
ěnojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
ěnomь (instrumental neuter singular)
ěně (locative masculine singular)
ěně (feminine locative singular)
ěně (locative neuter singular)
ěne (masculine singular vocative)
ěno (feminine singular vocative)
ěno (neuter singular vocative)
ěna (dual masculine nominative)
ěně (dual feminine nominative)
ěně (dual neuter nominative)
ěnu (dual genitive masculine)
ěnu (dual feminine genitive)
ěnu (dual genitive neuter)
ěnoma (dative dual masculine)
ěnama (dative dual feminine)
ěnoma (dative dual neuter)
ěna (accusative dual masculine)
ěně (accusative dual feminine)
ěně (accusative dual neuter)
ěnoma (dual instrumental masculine)
ěnama (dual feminine instrumental)
ěnoma (dual instrumental neuter)
ěnu (dual locative masculine)
ěnu (dual feminine locative)
ěnu (dual locative neuter)
ěna (dual masculine vocative)
ěně (dual feminine vocative)
ěně (dual neuter vocative)
ěni (masculine nominative plural)
ěny (feminine nominative plural)
ěna (neuter nominative plural)
ěnъ (genitive masculine plural)
ěnъ (feminine genitive plural)
ěnъ (genitive neuter plural)
ěnomъ (dative masculine plural)
ěnamъ (dative feminine plural)
ěnomъ (dative neuter plural)
ěny (accusative masculine plural)
ěny (accusative feminine plural)
ěna (accusative neuter plural)
ěny (instrumental masculine plural)
ěnami (feminine instrumental plural)
ěny (instrumental neuter plural)
ěněxъ (locative masculine plural)
ěnaxъ (feminine locative plural)
ěněxъ (locative neuter plural)
ěni (masculine plural vocative)
ěny (feminine plural vocative)
ěna (neuter plural vocative)
ěnъjь (masculine nominative singular)
ěnaja (feminine nominative singular)
ěnoje (neuter nominative singular)
ěnajego (genitive masculine singular)
ěnyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
ěnajego (genitive neuter singular)
ěnujemu (dative masculine singular)
ěněji (dative feminine singular)
ěnujemu (dative neuter singular)
ěnъjь (accusative masculine singular)
ěnǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
ěnoje (accusative neuter singular)
ěnyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
ěnǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
ěnyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
ěnějemь (locative masculine singular)
ěněji (feminine locative singular)
ěnějemь (locative neuter singular)
ěnъjь (masculine singular vocative)
ěnaja (feminine singular vocative)
ěnoje (neuter singular vocative)
ěnaja (dual masculine nominative)
ěněji (dual feminine nominative)
ěněji (dual neuter nominative)
ěnuju (dual genitive masculine)
ěnuju (dual feminine genitive)
ěnuju (dual genitive neuter)
ěnyjima (dative dual masculine)
ěnyjima (dative dual feminine)
ěnyjima (dative dual neuter)
ěnaja (accusative dual masculine)
ěněji (accusative dual feminine)
ěněji (accusative dual neuter)
ěnyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
ěnyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
ěnyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
ěnuju (dual locative masculine)
ěnuju (dual feminine locative)
ěnuju (dual locative neuter)
ěnaja (dual masculine vocative)
ěněji (dual feminine vocative)
ěněji (dual neuter vocative)
ěniji (masculine nominative plural)
ěnyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
ěnaja (neuter nominative plural)
ěnъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
ěnъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
ěnъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
ěnyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
ěnyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
ěnyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
ěnyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
ěnyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
ěnaja (accusative neuter plural)
ěnyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
ěnyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
ěnyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
ěnyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
ěnyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
ěnyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
ěniji (masculine plural vocative)
ěnyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
ěnaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: -ѣнъ (-jěnŭ), -ꙗнъ (-janŭ)

Old Ruthenian: -ꙗный (-janyj)

Ukrainian: -яний (-janyj)

Russian: -яно́й (-janój), -я́ный (-jányj); -я́нный (-jánnyj) (< *-ěnьnъ)

Old Novgorodian: -ѣне (-jěne)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: -ⱑⱀⱏ (-ěnŭ)

Old Cyrillic script: -ѣнъ (-jěnŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -ен

Latin script: -en

Slovene: -en

West Slavic:

Czech: -ěný

Old Polish: -any

Polish: -any

Slovak: -ený

Taken from old consonantal stem nouns in *-en- with a generalized long grade. This is also suggested by the adjectives built from a */men/-stem nouns, e.g.
* *kamy (“stone”) → *kaměnъ (“stony, rocky, made of stone”) (and not **kameněnъ as in Bulgarian, for example)
* *polmy (“flame”) → *polměnъ (“fiery”) (and not **polmeněnъ as in Bulgarian, for example)

volsъ (“hair”) → *volsěnъ (“made of (horse) hair”)

dervo (“tree”) → *dervěnъ (“wooden, made of wood”)

lьnъ (“linen”) → *lьněnъ (“flaxen, linen”)

Forming adjectives meaning 'made of '; -en

děti, *dějati (“to do, make”) → *dobro-dějanъ (“virtuous”)

piti (“drink”) → *pьjanъ (“drunk”)


-ovъ

-ovъ (masculine nominative singular)
-ova (feminine nominative singular)
-ovo (neuter nominative singular)
-ova (genitive masculine singular)
-ovy (feminine genitive singular)
-ova (genitive neuter singular)
-ovu (dative masculine singular)
-ově (dative feminine singular)
-ovu (dative neuter singular)
-ovъ (accusative masculine singular)
-ovǫ (accusative feminine singular)
-ovo (accusative neuter singular)
-ovomь (instrumental masculine singular)
-ovojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
-ovomь (instrumental neuter singular)
-ově (locative masculine singular)
-ově (feminine locative singular)
-ově (locative neuter singular)
-ove (masculine singular vocative)
-ovo (feminine singular vocative)
-ovo (neuter singular vocative)
-ova (dual masculine nominative)
-ově (dual feminine nominative)
-ově (dual neuter nominative)
-ovu (dual genitive masculine)
-ovu (dual feminine genitive)
-ovu (dual genitive neuter)
-ovoma (dative dual masculine)
-ovama (dative dual feminine)
-ovoma (dative dual neuter)
-ova (accusative dual masculine)
-ově (accusative dual feminine)
-ově (accusative dual neuter)
-ovoma (dual instrumental masculine)
-ovama (dual feminine instrumental)
-ovoma (dual instrumental neuter)
-ovu (dual locative masculine)
-ovu (dual feminine locative)
-ovu (dual locative neuter)
-ova (dual masculine vocative)
-ově (dual feminine vocative)
-ově (dual neuter vocative)
-ovi (masculine nominative plural)
-ovy (feminine nominative plural)
-ova (neuter nominative plural)
-ovъ (genitive masculine plural)
-ovъ (feminine genitive plural)
-ovъ (genitive neuter plural)
-ovomъ (dative masculine plural)
-ovamъ (dative feminine plural)
-ovomъ (dative neuter plural)
-ovy (accusative masculine plural)
-ovy (accusative feminine plural)
-ova (accusative neuter plural)
-ovy (instrumental masculine plural)
-ovami (feminine instrumental plural)
-ovy (instrumental neuter plural)
-ověxъ (locative masculine plural)
-ovaxъ (feminine locative plural)
-ověxъ (locative neuter plural)
-ovi (masculine plural vocative)
-ovy (feminine plural vocative)
-ova (neuter plural vocative)
-ovъjь (masculine nominative singular)
-ovaja (feminine nominative singular)
-ovoje (neuter nominative singular)
-ovajego (genitive masculine singular)
-ovyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
-ovajego (genitive neuter singular)
-ovujemu (dative masculine singular)
-ověji (dative feminine singular)
-ovujemu (dative neuter singular)
-ovъjь (accusative masculine singular)
-ovǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
-ovoje (accusative neuter singular)
-ovyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
-ovǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
-ovyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
-ovějemь (locative masculine singular)
-ověji (feminine locative singular)
-ovějemь (locative neuter singular)
-ovъjь (masculine singular vocative)
-ovaja (feminine singular vocative)
-ovoje (neuter singular vocative)
-ovaja (dual masculine nominative)
-ověji (dual feminine nominative)
-ověji (dual neuter nominative)
-ovuju (dual genitive masculine)
-ovuju (dual feminine genitive)
-ovuju (dual genitive neuter)
-ovyjima (dative dual masculine)
-ovyjima (dative dual feminine)
-ovyjima (dative dual neuter)
-ovaja (accusative dual masculine)
-ověji (accusative dual feminine)
-ověji (accusative dual neuter)
-ovyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
-ovyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
-ovyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
-ovuju (dual locative masculine)
-ovuju (dual feminine locative)
-ovuju (dual locative neuter)
-ovaja (dual masculine vocative)
-ověji (dual feminine vocative)
-ověji (dual neuter vocative)
-oviji (masculine nominative plural)
-ovyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
-ovaja (neuter nominative plural)
-ovъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
-ovъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
-ovъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
-ovyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
-ovyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
-ovyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
-ovyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
-ovyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
-ovaja (accusative neuter plural)
-ovyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
-ovyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
-ovyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
-ovyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
-ovyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
-ovyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
-oviji (masculine plural vocative)
-ovyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
-ovaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: -аў (-aŭ) (unstressed), -оў (-oŭ) (stressed)

Russian: -ов (-ov)

Ukrainian: -ів (-iv), -овий (-ovyj)

Old Novgorodian: -ове (-ove)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: -овъ (-ovŭ)

Bulgarian: -ов (-ov)

Macedonian: -ов (-ov)

Serbo-Croatian: -ov/-ов

West Slavic:

Old Czech: -óv

Czech: -ův

Old Polish: -ów, -owy

Polish: -ów, -owy

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: -ów, -owi

Slovincian: -ó, -ôwy

Old Slovak: -ov

Pannonian Rusyn: -ов (-ov), -ови (-ovi)

Slovak: -ov

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: -owy

Extracted from thematisations of u-stem nouns, such as *domovъ (“domestic”) from *domъ. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-ew-, the oblique stem of u-stem nouns (*-us) plus the o-stem ending *-os (see also *-ъ for the discussion about the unexpected reflex of *-os).

of, belonging to; creates possessive adjectives. Also productive for creating family names, which indicated origin or relationship.


-evъ

-evъ (masculine nominative singular)
-eva (feminine nominative singular)
-evo (neuter nominative singular)
-eva (genitive masculine singular)
-evy (feminine genitive singular)
-eva (genitive neuter singular)
-evu (dative masculine singular)
-evě (dative feminine singular)
-evu (dative neuter singular)
-evъ (accusative masculine singular)
-evǫ (accusative feminine singular)
-evo (accusative neuter singular)
-evomь (instrumental masculine singular)
-evojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
-evomь (instrumental neuter singular)
-evě (locative masculine singular)
-evě (feminine locative singular)
-evě (locative neuter singular)
-eve (masculine singular vocative)
-evo (feminine singular vocative)
-evo (neuter singular vocative)
-eva (dual masculine nominative)
-evě (dual feminine nominative)
-evě (dual neuter nominative)
-evu (dual genitive masculine)
-evu (dual feminine genitive)
-evu (dual genitive neuter)
-evoma (dative dual masculine)
-evama (dative dual feminine)
-evoma (dative dual neuter)
-eva (accusative dual masculine)
-evě (accusative dual feminine)
-evě (accusative dual neuter)
-evoma (dual instrumental masculine)
-evama (dual feminine instrumental)
-evoma (dual instrumental neuter)
-evu (dual locative masculine)
-evu (dual feminine locative)
-evu (dual locative neuter)
-eva (dual masculine vocative)
-evě (dual feminine vocative)
-evě (dual neuter vocative)
-evi (masculine nominative plural)
-evy (feminine nominative plural)
-eva (neuter nominative plural)
-evъ (genitive masculine plural)
-evъ (feminine genitive plural)
-evъ (genitive neuter plural)
-evomъ (dative masculine plural)
-evamъ (dative feminine plural)
-evomъ (dative neuter plural)
-evy (accusative masculine plural)
-evy (accusative feminine plural)
-eva (accusative neuter plural)
-evy (instrumental masculine plural)
-evami (feminine instrumental plural)
-evy (instrumental neuter plural)
-evěxъ (locative masculine plural)
-evaxъ (feminine locative plural)
-evěxъ (locative neuter plural)
-evi (masculine plural vocative)
-evy (feminine plural vocative)
-eva (neuter plural vocative)
-evъjь (masculine nominative singular)
-evaja (feminine nominative singular)
-evoje (neuter nominative singular)
-evajego (genitive masculine singular)
-evyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
-evajego (genitive neuter singular)
-evujemu (dative masculine singular)
-evěji (dative feminine singular)
-evujemu (dative neuter singular)
-evъjь (accusative masculine singular)
-evǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
-evoje (accusative neuter singular)
-evyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
-evǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
-evyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
-evějemь (locative masculine singular)
-evěji (feminine locative singular)
-evějemь (locative neuter singular)
-evъjь (masculine singular vocative)
-evaja (feminine singular vocative)
-evoje (neuter singular vocative)
-evaja (dual masculine nominative)
-evěji (dual feminine nominative)
-evěji (dual neuter nominative)
-evuju (dual genitive masculine)
-evuju (dual feminine genitive)
-evuju (dual genitive neuter)
-evyjima (dative dual masculine)
-evyjima (dative dual feminine)
-evyjima (dative dual neuter)
-evaja (accusative dual masculine)
-evěji (accusative dual feminine)
-evěji (accusative dual neuter)
-evyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
-evyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
-evyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
-evuju (dual locative masculine)
-evuju (dual feminine locative)
-evuju (dual locative neuter)
-evaja (dual masculine vocative)
-evěji (dual feminine vocative)
-evěji (dual neuter vocative)
-eviji (masculine nominative plural)
-evyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
-evaja (neuter nominative plural)
-evъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
-evъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
-evъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
-evyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
-evyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
-evyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
-evyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
-evyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
-evaja (accusative neuter plural)
-evyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
-evyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
-evyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
-evyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
-evyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
-evyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
-eviji (masculine plural vocative)
-evyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
-evaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: -ев (-ev), -ёв (-jóv)

Ukrainian: -ів (-iv), -їв (-jiv)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: -евъ (-evŭ)

Bulgarian: -ев (-ev)

Variant form of *-ovъ, used with soft nouns (ending in a palatal consonant).


-inъ

-inъ (masculine nominative singular)
-ina (feminine nominative singular)
-ino (neuter nominative singular)
-ina (genitive masculine singular)
-iny (feminine genitive singular)
-ina (genitive neuter singular)
-inu (dative masculine singular)
-ině (dative feminine singular)
-inu (dative neuter singular)
-inъ (accusative masculine singular)
-inǫ (accusative feminine singular)
-ino (accusative neuter singular)
-inomь (instrumental masculine singular)
-inojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
-inomь (instrumental neuter singular)
-ině (locative masculine singular)
-ině (feminine locative singular)
-ině (locative neuter singular)
-ine (masculine singular vocative)
-ino (feminine singular vocative)
-ino (neuter singular vocative)
-ina (dual masculine nominative)
-ině (dual feminine nominative)
-ině (dual neuter nominative)
-inu (dual genitive masculine)
-inu (dual feminine genitive)
-inu (dual genitive neuter)
-inoma (dative dual masculine)
-inama (dative dual feminine)
-inoma (dative dual neuter)
-ina (accusative dual masculine)
-ině (accusative dual feminine)
-ině (accusative dual neuter)
-inoma (dual instrumental masculine)
-inama (dual feminine instrumental)
-inoma (dual instrumental neuter)
-inu (dual locative masculine)
-inu (dual feminine locative)
-inu (dual locative neuter)
-ina (dual masculine vocative)
-ině (dual feminine vocative)
-ině (dual neuter vocative)
-ini (masculine nominative plural)
-iny (feminine nominative plural)
-ina (neuter nominative plural)
-inъ (genitive masculine plural)
-inъ (feminine genitive plural)
-inъ (genitive neuter plural)
-inomъ (dative masculine plural)
-inamъ (dative feminine plural)
-inomъ (dative neuter plural)
-iny (accusative masculine plural)
-iny (accusative feminine plural)
-ina (accusative neuter plural)
-iny (instrumental masculine plural)
-inami (feminine instrumental plural)
-iny (instrumental neuter plural)
-iněxъ (locative masculine plural)
-inaxъ (feminine locative plural)
-iněxъ (locative neuter plural)
-ini (masculine plural vocative)
-iny (feminine plural vocative)
-ina (neuter plural vocative)
-inъjь (masculine nominative singular)
-inaja (feminine nominative singular)
-inoje (neuter nominative singular)
-inajego (genitive masculine singular)
-inyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
-inajego (genitive neuter singular)
-inujemu (dative masculine singular)
-iněji (dative feminine singular)
-inujemu (dative neuter singular)
-inъjь (accusative masculine singular)
-inǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
-inoje (accusative neuter singular)
-inyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
-inǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
-inyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
-inějemь (locative masculine singular)
-iněji (feminine locative singular)
-inějemь (locative neuter singular)
-inъjь (masculine singular vocative)
-inaja (feminine singular vocative)
-inoje (neuter singular vocative)
-inaja (dual masculine nominative)
-iněji (dual feminine nominative)
-iněji (dual neuter nominative)
-inuju (dual genitive masculine)
-inuju (dual feminine genitive)
-inuju (dual genitive neuter)
-inyjima (dative dual masculine)
-inyjima (dative dual feminine)
-inyjima (dative dual neuter)
-inaja (accusative dual masculine)
-iněji (accusative dual feminine)
-iněji (accusative dual neuter)
-inyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
-inyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
-inyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
-inuju (dual locative masculine)
-inuju (dual feminine locative)
-inuju (dual locative neuter)
-inaja (dual masculine vocative)
-iněji (dual feminine vocative)
-iněji (dual neuter vocative)
-iniji (masculine nominative plural)
-inyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
-inaja (neuter nominative plural)
-inъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
-inъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
-inъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
-inyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
-inyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
-inyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
-inyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
-inyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
-inaja (accusative neuter plural)
-inyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
-inyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
-inyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
-inyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
-inyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
-inyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
-iniji (masculine plural vocative)
-inyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
-inaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: -инъ (-inŭ)

Belarusian: -ін (-in)

Russian: -ин (-in)

Carpathian Rusyn: -ин (-yn)

Ukrainian: -ин (-yn)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: -инъ (-inŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -ин

Latin script: -in

Bulgarian: -ин (-in)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: -in

Czech: -in

Old Polish: -in

Polish: -in, -yn, -iny, -yny

Slovak: -in

Pomeranian:

Slovincian: -yn

→ German: -in

Adjective-forming suffix. From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-īˀnas, from Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos. Cognate with Lithuanian collective-forming suffix -ýnas, Latin -īnus. Compare also *-ina for forming both collectives and singulatives (from Proto-Indo-European *-iHneh₂). E.g.
* *svinъ (“of or pertaining to pigs”) from Proto-Balto-Slavic *swīˀnas from Proto-Indo-European *suH-iHnos (cognate formation with Latvian svīns (“dirty”), Latin suīnus (“swine”), Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽 (swein, “pig”)).
Later it was productively applied to inherited i-stems:
* *zvěrь (“beast”) → *zvěrinъ (“beastly, animal”)
* *gostь (“guest”) → *gostinъ (“guest's, guest-”)
The singulative meaning derives from original possessive meaning, for example the meaning of *čeľadinъ “member of the tribe or household” is derived from “belonging to the tribe or household”.

-ine (of or pertaining to) Creates relative and possessive adjectives from nouns other than o-stems.


-inъ

-inъ (nominative singular)
-ina (dual nominative)
-ini (nominative plural)
-ina (genitive singular)
-inu (dual genitive)
-inъ (genitive plural)
-inu (dative singular)
-inoma (dative dual)
-inomъ (dative plural)
-inъ (accusative singular)
-ina (accusative dual)
-iny (accusative plural)
-inъmь (instrumental singular)
-inomь (instrumental singular)
-inoma (dual instrumental)
-iny (instrumental plural)
-ině (locative singular)
-inu (dual locative)
-iněxъ (locative plural)
-ine (singular vocative)
-ina (dual vocative)
-ini (plural vocative)

bratъ (“brother”) → *bratьja (“brothers (collectively)”) → *bratinъ (“brother”)

čeľadь (“family, ancestral community, everyone in household”) → *čeľadinъ (“one belonging to the family, tribe or household”)

gospoda (“lords (collectively)”) → *gospodinъ (“master, lord”)

ľudь, *ľudьje (“people, folks (collectively)”) → *ľudinъ (“man”)

Obre (“Avars”) → *obrinъ (“Avar; giant”)

voji (“army”) → *vojinъ (“soldier, warrior”)

Rusь (“Rus'”) → *Rusinъ

Creates singulatives, mostly with consonantal-stem pluralia tantum or collective nouns denoting nationalities, names of residents of an area, names of tribes and place names.

melti (“to grind”) → *mьlinъ (“(type of) pancake”) (if not *mъlinъ from molinus)

kolti (“to hit with something sharp; to split”) → *kъlinъ (“wedge, splitting tool”)

Exceptionally occurs in several unmotivated formations, usually to create an instrument or agent noun


-estь

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: -есть (-estĭ)

bujь → *bujestь

gořьjь → *gořestь

Variant form of *-ostь, used with soft stems (ending in a palatal consonant).


melzti

mьlzenьje (noun-from-verb)
melzti (infinitive)
melztъ (supine)
mьlzlъ (l-participle)
mьlzenъ (participle passive past)
mьlzomъ (participle passive present)
mьlzъ (active participle past)
mьlzy (active participle present)
mьlzъ (aorist first-person singular)
mьlzoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
mьlze (aorist second-person singular)
mьlze (aorist singular third-person)
mьlzǫ (first-person present singular)
mьlzeši (present second-person singular)
mьlzetь (present singular third-person)
mьlzově (aorist dual first-person)
mьlzoxově (aorist dual first-person)
mьlzeta (aorist dual second-person)
mьlzosta (aorist dual second-person)
mьlzete (aorist dual third-person)
mьlzoste (aorist dual third-person)
mьlzevě (dual first-person present)
mьlzeta (dual present second-person)
mьlzete (dual present third-person)
mьlzomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mьlzoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mьlzete (aorist plural second-person)
mьlzoste (aorist plural second-person)
mьlzǫ (aorist plural third-person)
mьlzošę (aorist plural third-person)
mьlzemъ (first-person plural present)
mьlzete (plural present second-person)
mьlzǫtь (plural present third-person)
mьlzěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mьlzěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mьlzěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
mьlzi (imperative second-person singular)
mьlzi (imperative singular third-person)
mьlzěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mьlzěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mьlzěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mьlzěvě (dual first-person imperative)
mьlzěta (dual imperative second-person)
mьlzěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mьlzěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mьlzěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mьlzěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
mьlzěte (imperative plural second-person)

Church Slavonic: млѣсти (mlěsti), мельзити (melĭziti) (Russian)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: мълзя (mǎlzja) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: му̏сти

Latin script: mȕsti

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: mlẹ́sti, mólsti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Slovak: mĺzť (dialectal)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *melźtei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂melǵ-.
This Indo-European root also gave rise to the Germanic form *meluks (“milk”), which was possibly later borrowed into Slavic as *melko (“milk”). Other Indo-European cognates of the same root include Latin mulgeō, Ancient Greek ἀμέλγω (amélgō), Lithuanian mélžti / mi̇̀lžti, 3sg. mélžia, Welsh blith, Tocharian A malke.


teplъ

teplъ (masculine nominative singular)
tepla (feminine nominative singular)
teplo (neuter nominative singular)
tepla (genitive masculine singular)
teply (feminine genitive singular)
tepla (genitive neuter singular)
teplu (dative masculine singular)
teplě (dative feminine singular)
teplu (dative neuter singular)
teplъ (accusative masculine singular)
teplǫ (accusative feminine singular)
teplo (accusative neuter singular)
teplomь (instrumental masculine singular)
teplojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
teplomь (instrumental neuter singular)
teplě (locative masculine singular)
teplě (feminine locative singular)
teplě (locative neuter singular)
teple (masculine singular vocative)
teplo (feminine singular vocative)
teplo (neuter singular vocative)
tepla (dual masculine nominative)
teplě (dual feminine nominative)
teplě (dual neuter nominative)
teplu (dual genitive masculine)
teplu (dual feminine genitive)
teplu (dual genitive neuter)
teploma (dative dual masculine)
teplama (dative dual feminine)
teploma (dative dual neuter)
tepla (accusative dual masculine)
teplě (accusative dual feminine)
teplě (accusative dual neuter)
teploma (dual instrumental masculine)
teplama (dual feminine instrumental)
teploma (dual instrumental neuter)
teplu (dual locative masculine)
teplu (dual feminine locative)
teplu (dual locative neuter)
tepla (dual masculine vocative)
teplě (dual feminine vocative)
teplě (dual neuter vocative)
tepli (masculine nominative plural)
teply (feminine nominative plural)
tepla (neuter nominative plural)
teplъ (genitive masculine plural)
teplъ (feminine genitive plural)
teplъ (genitive neuter plural)
teplomъ (dative masculine plural)
teplamъ (dative feminine plural)
teplomъ (dative neuter plural)
teply (accusative masculine plural)
teply (accusative feminine plural)
tepla (accusative neuter plural)
teply (instrumental masculine plural)
teplami (feminine instrumental plural)
teply (instrumental neuter plural)
teplěxъ (locative masculine plural)
teplaxъ (feminine locative plural)
teplěxъ (locative neuter plural)
tepli (masculine plural vocative)
teply (feminine plural vocative)
tepla (neuter plural vocative)
teplъjь (masculine nominative singular)
teplaja (feminine nominative singular)
teploje (neuter nominative singular)
teplajego (genitive masculine singular)
teplyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
teplajego (genitive neuter singular)
teplujemu (dative masculine singular)
teplěji (dative feminine singular)
teplujemu (dative neuter singular)
teplъjь (accusative masculine singular)
teplǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
teploje (accusative neuter singular)
teplyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
teplǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
teplyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
teplějemь (locative masculine singular)
teplěji (feminine locative singular)
teplějemь (locative neuter singular)
teplъjь (masculine singular vocative)
teplaja (feminine singular vocative)
teploje (neuter singular vocative)
teplaja (dual masculine nominative)
teplěji (dual feminine nominative)
teplěji (dual neuter nominative)
tepluju (dual genitive masculine)
tepluju (dual feminine genitive)
tepluju (dual genitive neuter)
teplyjima (dative dual masculine)
teplyjima (dative dual feminine)
teplyjima (dative dual neuter)
teplaja (accusative dual masculine)
teplěji (accusative dual feminine)
teplěji (accusative dual neuter)
teplyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
teplyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
teplyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
tepluju (dual locative masculine)
tepluju (dual feminine locative)
tepluju (dual locative neuter)
teplaja (dual masculine vocative)
teplěji (dual feminine vocative)
teplěji (dual neuter vocative)
tepliji (masculine nominative plural)
teplyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
teplaja (neuter nominative plural)
teplъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
teplъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
teplъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
teplyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
teplyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
teplyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
teplyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
teplyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
teplaja (accusative neuter plural)
teplyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
teplyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
teplyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
teplyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
teplyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
teplyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
tepliji (masculine plural vocative)
teplyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
teplaja (neuter plural vocative)
*toplъ (alternative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: цёплы (cjóply)

Russian: тёплый (tjóplyj)

Ukrainian: те́плий (téplyj)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: топлъ (toplŭ), *теплъ (*teplŭ)

⇒ Old Church Slavonic: теплость (teplostĭ)

Bulgarian: то́пъл (tópǎl)

Macedonian: топол (topol)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: то̏пао

Latin script: tȍpao, tȍpal, tȅpal

Slovene: tọ́pəł (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: teplý

Kashubian: cepłi

desctree

Old Polish: ciepły
Polish: ciepły
Silesian: ciepły

Old Slovak: ceplý, teplý

Pannonian Rusyn: цепли (cepli)

Slovak: teplý

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: śopły

Upper Sorbian: ćopły

Likely the l-participle of an unattested verb **teti (“to become/be hot”) + *-lъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *tep-, from Proto-Indo-European *tep-. Cognate with Sanskrit तप् (tap-, “hot”), Latin tepeō (“be hot”) whence English tepid.


toplъ

toplъ (masculine nominative singular)
topla (feminine nominative singular)
toplo (neuter nominative singular)
topla (genitive masculine singular)
toply (feminine genitive singular)
topla (genitive neuter singular)
toplu (dative masculine singular)
toplě (dative feminine singular)
toplu (dative neuter singular)
toplъ (accusative masculine singular)
toplǫ (accusative feminine singular)
toplo (accusative neuter singular)
toplomь (instrumental masculine singular)
toplojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
toplomь (instrumental neuter singular)
toplě (locative masculine singular)
toplě (feminine locative singular)
toplě (locative neuter singular)
tople (masculine singular vocative)
toplo (feminine singular vocative)
toplo (neuter singular vocative)
topla (dual masculine nominative)
toplě (dual feminine nominative)
toplě (dual neuter nominative)
toplu (dual genitive masculine)
toplu (dual feminine genitive)
toplu (dual genitive neuter)
toploma (dative dual masculine)
toplama (dative dual feminine)
toploma (dative dual neuter)
topla (accusative dual masculine)
toplě (accusative dual feminine)
toplě (accusative dual neuter)
toploma (dual instrumental masculine)
toplama (dual feminine instrumental)
toploma (dual instrumental neuter)
toplu (dual locative masculine)
toplu (dual feminine locative)
toplu (dual locative neuter)
topla (dual masculine vocative)
toplě (dual feminine vocative)
toplě (dual neuter vocative)
topli (masculine nominative plural)
toply (feminine nominative plural)
topla (neuter nominative plural)
toplъ (genitive masculine plural)
toplъ (feminine genitive plural)
toplъ (genitive neuter plural)
toplomъ (dative masculine plural)
toplamъ (dative feminine plural)
toplomъ (dative neuter plural)
toply (accusative masculine plural)
toply (accusative feminine plural)
topla (accusative neuter plural)
toply (instrumental masculine plural)
toplami (feminine instrumental plural)
toply (instrumental neuter plural)
toplěxъ (locative masculine plural)
toplaxъ (feminine locative plural)
toplěxъ (locative neuter plural)
topli (masculine plural vocative)
toply (feminine plural vocative)
topla (neuter plural vocative)
toplъjь (masculine nominative singular)
toplaja (feminine nominative singular)
toploje (neuter nominative singular)
toplajego (genitive masculine singular)
toplyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
toplajego (genitive neuter singular)
toplujemu (dative masculine singular)
toplěji (dative feminine singular)
toplujemu (dative neuter singular)
toplъjь (accusative masculine singular)
toplǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
toploje (accusative neuter singular)
toplyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
toplǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
toplyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
toplějemь (locative masculine singular)
toplěji (feminine locative singular)
toplějemь (locative neuter singular)
toplъjь (masculine singular vocative)
toplaja (feminine singular vocative)
toploje (neuter singular vocative)
toplaja (dual masculine nominative)
toplěji (dual feminine nominative)
toplěji (dual neuter nominative)
topluju (dual genitive masculine)
topluju (dual feminine genitive)
topluju (dual genitive neuter)
toplyjima (dative dual masculine)
toplyjima (dative dual feminine)
toplyjima (dative dual neuter)
toplaja (accusative dual masculine)
toplěji (accusative dual feminine)
toplěji (accusative dual neuter)
toplyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
toplyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
toplyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
topluju (dual locative masculine)
topluju (dual feminine locative)
topluju (dual locative neuter)
toplaja (dual masculine vocative)
toplěji (dual feminine vocative)
toplěji (dual neuter vocative)
topliji (masculine nominative plural)
toplyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
toplaja (neuter nominative plural)
toplъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
toplъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
toplъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
toplyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
toplyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
toplyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
toplyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
toplyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
toplaja (accusative neuter plural)
toplyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
toplyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
toplyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
toplyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
toplyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
toplyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
topliji (masculine plural vocative)
toplyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
toplaja (neuter plural vocative)

(South Slavic) Alternative form of *teplъ


plęsati

plęsanьje (noun-from-verb)
plęsati (infinitive)
plęsatъ (supine)
plęsalъ (l-participle)
plęsanъ (participle passive past)
plęšemъ (participle passive present)
plęsavъ (active participle past)
plęšę (active participle present)
plęsaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
plęsa (aorist second-person singular)
plęsa (aorist singular third-person)
plęšǫ (first-person present singular)
plęšeši (present second-person singular)
plęšetь (present singular third-person)
plęsaxově (aorist dual first-person)
plęsasta (aorist dual second-person)
plęsaste (aorist dual third-person)
plęševě (dual first-person present)
plęšeta (dual present second-person)
plęšete (dual present third-person)
plęsaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
plęsaste (aorist plural second-person)
plęsašę (aorist plural third-person)
plęšemъ (first-person plural present)
plęšete (plural present second-person)
plęšǫtь (plural present third-person)
plęsaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
plęsaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
plęsaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
plęši (imperative second-person singular)
plęši (imperative singular third-person)
plęsaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
plęsaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
plęsaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
plęšivě (dual first-person imperative)
plęšita (dual imperative second-person)
plęsaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
plęsaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
plęsaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
plęšimъ (first-person imperative plural)
plęšite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: плѧсати (plęsati)

Russian: пляса́ть (pljasátʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: плясати (pljasaty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: плѧсати (plęsati)

Glagolitic: ⱂⰾⱔⱄⰰⱅⰻ (plęsati)

Bulgarian: dial. пле́ша (pléša)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пле́сати

Latin script: plésati

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: plẹ́sati, plesáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: plesat

Polabian: pľǫsăt

Old Polish: plęsać
Polish: pląsać

Slovak: plesať

Non-Slavic:

→ Gothic: 𐍀𐌻𐌹𐌽𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (plinsjan)

Unclear.
* Vasmer: cognate with Old Lithuanian plenšti, dial. plęšti; pląšti.
* Černyx: Old Lithuanian words were borrowed from Slavic.


vermę

vermę̀ (canonical neuter)
vermę (nominative singular)
vȇrmeni (dual nominative)
vermenà (nominative plural)
vȇrmene (genitive singular)
vermenù (dual genitive)
vermènъ (genitive plural)
vȇrmeni (dative singular)
vermenьmà (dative dual)
vermènьmъ (dative plural)
vermę (accusative singular)
vȇrmeni (accusative dual)
vermenà (accusative plural)
vȇrmenьmь (instrumental singular)
vermenьmà (dual instrumental)
vermený (instrumental plural)
vȇrmene (locative singular)
vermenù (dual locative)
vermènьxъ (locative plural)
vermę (singular vocative)
vȇrmeni (dual vocative)
vermenà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: веремѧ (veremę)

Old Ruthenian: веремѧ (veremja)

desc

Belarusian: ве́реме (vjérjemje) (obsolete)

Ukrainian: ве́ре́м'я (vérémʺja) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⰲⱃⱑⰿⱔ (vrěmę)

Old Cyrillic script: врѣмѧ (vrěmę)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: вре́ме, врије́ме, ври́ме

Latin script: vréme, vrijéme, vríme

Slovene: vréme

West Slavic:

Old Polish: wrzemię, brzemię

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: vreme

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wer(t)men/*wer(t)min, from Proto-Indo-European *wértmn̥ (“revolution”), a -men-stem derivative of *wert- (“to turn”). Cognate with Sanskrit वर्त्मन् (vártman, “track, course”). Probably originally meant “period (of time)”, undergoing a similar semantic shift as French temps (“time”) from Latin tempus (“period”).


tъrgъ

tъ̑rgъ (canonical masculine)
tъ̑rgъ (nominative singular)
tъ̑rgy (dual nominative)
tъ̑rgove (nominative plural)
tъ̑rgu (genitive singular)
tъrgovù (dual genitive)
tъrgòvъ (genitive plural)
tъ̑rgovi (dative singular)
tъrgъmà (dative dual)
tъ̑rgъmъ (dative plural)
tъ̑rgъ (accusative singular)
tъ̑rgy (accusative dual)
tъ̑rgy (accusative plural)
tъ̑rgъmь (instrumental singular)
tъrgъmà (dual instrumental)
tъrgъmì (instrumental plural)
tъrgú (locative singular)
tъrgovù (dual locative)
tъ̑rgъxъ (locative plural)
tъrgu (singular vocative)
tъ̑rgy (dual vocative)
tъ̑rgove (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: търгъ (tŭrgŭ)
Belarusian: торг (torh)
Russian: торг (torg)
Ukrainian: торг (torh)
→ Estonian: turg
→ Finnish: turku
→? Ingrian: turu
→ Latvian: tirgus
→ Lithuanian: tur̃gus
→ Old Norse: torg (“market”)
Danish: torv
Faroese: torg
Icelandic: torg
Norwegian: torg
Swedish: torg
→ Finnish: tori

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: тръгъ (trŭgŭ)

Glagolitic: ⱅⱃⱏⰳⱏ (trŭgŭ)

Bulgarian: търг (tǎrg)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тр̏г

Latin script: tȑg

Slovene: tȓg (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: trh

Czech: trh

Kashubian: tôrg

Old Polish: targ

Polish: targ

Old Slovak: tarh, terh, trh

Pannonian Rusyn: тарґ (targ)

Slovak: trh

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: torhośćo

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: târg

Of unclear origin. According to some, connected with the word *toržìti (“to seek, look for”), cf Serbo-Croatian trážiti (“to trace”) from Proto-Slavic *tragъ, from Proto-Indo-European *tregʰ-, a variation of *dʰregʰ- (“to pull, draw, drag”). Cognates include Latin trahō and Old Irish traig (“foot”). For a semantic parallel compare Hungarian keres (“to seek, look for”) : kereskedelem (“trade, commerce”).
The Latin place-name Tergeste (whence Italian Trieste), first attested around 100 BC (by the Greek geographer Artemidorus of Ephesus), possibly from Venetic, but with the typically Balkan suffix -est-, has often been derived from a *terg- which is speculated to mean "market" or "marketplace" and to be cognate with the Slavic lexeme.

(by extension) a place where trade is being done; market, marketplace


pěsnь

pěsnь (nominative singular)
pěsni (dual nominative)
pěsni (nominative plural)
pěsni (genitive singular)
pěsnьju (dual genitive)
pěsnьjь (genitive plural)
pěsni (dative singular)
pěsnьma (dative dual)
pěsnьmъ (dative plural)
pěsnь (accusative singular)
pěsni (accusative dual)
pěsni (accusative plural)
pěsnьjǫ (instrumental singular)
pěsnьma (dual instrumental)
pěsnьmi (instrumental plural)
pěsni (locative singular)
pěsnьju (dual locative)
pěsnьxъ (locative plural)
pěsni (singular vocative)
pěsni (dual vocative)
pěsni (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: пѣснь (pěsnĭ)

Belarusian: пе́сня (pjésnja)

Russian: пе́сня (pésnja)

Russenorsk: pæsna

Carpathian Rusyn: пісня (pisnja)

Ukrainian: пі́сня (písnja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: пѣснь (pěsnĭ)

Glagolitic: ⱂⱑⱄⱀⱐ (pěsnĭ)

Bulgarian: песен (pesen)

Macedonian: песна (pesna)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пе̏сма/пје̏сма (< assimilated *pěsma), пјесн-ик/песн-ик

Latin: pȅsma/pjȅsma/pisma (< assimilated *pěsma), pjȅsan, pjesn-ik/pesn-ik

Slovene: pẹ̑səm (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: piesn

Czech: píseň

Kashubian: piesniô

Polabian: pesĕn

Polish: pieśń

⇒ Polish: piosnka, piosenka

Slovak: pieseň

Slovincian: pjêsnja

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pěseń

Upper Sorbian: pěseń


ǫzъkъ

ǫzъkъ (masculine nominative singular)
ǫzъka (feminine nominative singular)
ǫzъko (neuter nominative singular)
ǫzъka (genitive masculine singular)
ǫzъky (feminine genitive singular)
ǫzъka (genitive neuter singular)
ǫzъku (dative masculine singular)
ǫzъcě (dative feminine singular)
ǫzъku (dative neuter singular)
ǫzъkъ (accusative masculine singular)
ǫzъkǫ (accusative feminine singular)
ǫzъko (accusative neuter singular)
ǫzъkomь (instrumental masculine singular)
ǫzъkojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
ǫzъkomь (instrumental neuter singular)
ǫzъcě (locative masculine singular)
ǫzъcě (feminine locative singular)
ǫzъcě (locative neuter singular)
ǫzъče (masculine singular vocative)
ǫzъko (feminine singular vocative)
ǫzъko (neuter singular vocative)
ǫzъka (dual masculine nominative)
ǫzъcě (dual feminine nominative)
ǫzъcě (dual neuter nominative)
ǫzъku (dual genitive masculine)
ǫzъku (dual feminine genitive)
ǫzъku (dual genitive neuter)
ǫzъkoma (dative dual masculine)
ǫzъkama (dative dual feminine)
ǫzъkoma (dative dual neuter)
ǫzъka (accusative dual masculine)
ǫzъcě (accusative dual feminine)
ǫzъcě (accusative dual neuter)
ǫzъkoma (dual instrumental masculine)
ǫzъkama (dual feminine instrumental)
ǫzъkoma (dual instrumental neuter)
ǫzъku (dual locative masculine)
ǫzъku (dual feminine locative)
ǫzъku (dual locative neuter)
ǫzъka (dual masculine vocative)
ǫzъcě (dual feminine vocative)
ǫzъcě (dual neuter vocative)
ǫzъci (masculine nominative plural)
ǫzъky (feminine nominative plural)
ǫzъka (neuter nominative plural)
ǫzъkъ (genitive masculine plural)
ǫzъkъ (feminine genitive plural)
ǫzъkъ (genitive neuter plural)
ǫzъkomъ (dative masculine plural)
ǫzъkamъ (dative feminine plural)
ǫzъkomъ (dative neuter plural)
ǫzъky (accusative masculine plural)
ǫzъky (accusative feminine plural)
ǫzъka (accusative neuter plural)
ǫzъky (instrumental masculine plural)
ǫzъkami (feminine instrumental plural)
ǫzъky (instrumental neuter plural)
ǫzъcěxъ (locative masculine plural)
ǫzъkaxъ (feminine locative plural)
ǫzъcěxъ (locative neuter plural)
ǫzъci (masculine plural vocative)
ǫzъky (feminine plural vocative)
ǫzъka (neuter plural vocative)
ǫzъkъjь (masculine nominative singular)
ǫzъkaja (feminine nominative singular)
ǫzъkoje (neuter nominative singular)
ǫzъkajego (genitive masculine singular)
ǫzъkyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
ǫzъkajego (genitive neuter singular)
ǫzъkujemu (dative masculine singular)
ǫzъcěji (dative feminine singular)
ǫzъkujemu (dative neuter singular)
ǫzъkъjь (accusative masculine singular)
ǫzъkǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
ǫzъkoje (accusative neuter singular)
ǫzъkyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
ǫzъkǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
ǫzъkyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
ǫzъcějemь (locative masculine singular)
ǫzъcěji (feminine locative singular)
ǫzъcějemь (locative neuter singular)
ǫzъkъjь (masculine singular vocative)
ǫzъkaja (feminine singular vocative)
ǫzъkoje (neuter singular vocative)
ǫzъkaja (dual masculine nominative)
ǫzъcěji (dual feminine nominative)
ǫzъcěji (dual neuter nominative)
ǫzъkuju (dual genitive masculine)
ǫzъkuju (dual feminine genitive)
ǫzъkuju (dual genitive neuter)
ǫzъkyjima (dative dual masculine)
ǫzъkyjima (dative dual feminine)
ǫzъkyjima (dative dual neuter)
ǫzъkaja (accusative dual masculine)
ǫzъcěji (accusative dual feminine)
ǫzъcěji (accusative dual neuter)
ǫzъkyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
ǫzъkyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
ǫzъkyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
ǫzъkuju (dual locative masculine)
ǫzъkuju (dual feminine locative)
ǫzъkuju (dual locative neuter)
ǫzъkaja (dual masculine vocative)
ǫzъcěji (dual feminine vocative)
ǫzъcěji (dual neuter vocative)
ǫzъciji (masculine nominative plural)
ǫzъkyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
ǫzъkaja (neuter nominative plural)
ǫzъkъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
ǫzъkъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
ǫzъkъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
ǫzъkyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
ǫzъkyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
ǫzъkyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
ǫzъkyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
ǫzъkyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
ǫzъkaja (accusative neuter plural)
ǫzъkyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
ǫzъkyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
ǫzъkyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
ǫzъkyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
ǫzъkyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
ǫzъkyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
ǫzъciji (masculine plural vocative)
ǫzъkyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
ǫzъkaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: ѫзъкъ (ǫzŭkŭ), узъкъ (uzŭkŭ)

Old Ruthenian: узкїй (uzkij), вузкїй (vuzkij), узскїй (uzskij)

Belarusian: ву́зкі (vúzki)

Carpathian Rusyn: узкый (uzkŷj)

Ukrainian: вузьки́й (vuzʹkýj)

Russian: у́зкий (úzkij)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: ѫзъкъ (ǫzŭkŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱘⰸⱏⰽⱏ (ǫzŭkŭ)

Bulgarian: у́зък (úzǎk) (archaic)

Serbo-Croatian: ȕzak /у̏зак

Slovene: ọ́zək (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: wąsczi

Old Czech: úzký

Czech: úzký

Old Polish: wąski

Polish: wąski

Silesian: wōnski

Old Slovak: úzky

Pannonian Rusyn: узки (uzki)

Slovak: úzky

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wuski

Lower Sorbian: wuzki

From Pre-Slavic *anźukas, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *anźus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énǵʰus.


bordatъ

bordàtъ (canonical)
bordatъ (masculine nominative singular)
bordata (feminine nominative singular)
bordato (neuter nominative singular)
bordata (genitive masculine singular)
bordaty (feminine genitive singular)
bordata (genitive neuter singular)
bordatu (dative masculine singular)
bordatě (dative feminine singular)
bordatu (dative neuter singular)
bordatъ (accusative masculine singular)
bordatǫ (accusative feminine singular)
bordato (accusative neuter singular)
bordatomь (instrumental masculine singular)
bordatojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
bordatomь (instrumental neuter singular)
bordatě (locative masculine singular)
bordatě (feminine locative singular)
bordatě (locative neuter singular)
bordate (masculine singular vocative)
bordato (feminine singular vocative)
bordato (neuter singular vocative)
bordata (dual masculine nominative)
bordatě (dual feminine nominative)
bordatě (dual neuter nominative)
bordatu (dual genitive masculine)
bordatu (dual feminine genitive)
bordatu (dual genitive neuter)
bordatoma (dative dual masculine)
bordatama (dative dual feminine)
bordatoma (dative dual neuter)
bordata (accusative dual masculine)
bordatě (accusative dual feminine)
bordatě (accusative dual neuter)
bordatoma (dual instrumental masculine)
bordatama (dual feminine instrumental)
bordatoma (dual instrumental neuter)
bordatu (dual locative masculine)
bordatu (dual feminine locative)
bordatu (dual locative neuter)
bordata (dual masculine vocative)
bordatě (dual feminine vocative)
bordatě (dual neuter vocative)
bordati (masculine nominative plural)
bordaty (feminine nominative plural)
bordata (neuter nominative plural)
bordatъ (genitive masculine plural)
bordatъ (feminine genitive plural)
bordatъ (genitive neuter plural)
bordatomъ (dative masculine plural)
bordatamъ (dative feminine plural)
bordatomъ (dative neuter plural)
bordaty (accusative masculine plural)
bordaty (accusative feminine plural)
bordata (accusative neuter plural)
bordaty (instrumental masculine plural)
bordatami (feminine instrumental plural)
bordaty (instrumental neuter plural)
bordatěxъ (locative masculine plural)
bordataxъ (feminine locative plural)
bordatěxъ (locative neuter plural)
bordati (masculine plural vocative)
bordaty (feminine plural vocative)
bordata (neuter plural vocative)
bordatъjь (masculine nominative singular)
bordataja (feminine nominative singular)
bordatoje (neuter nominative singular)
bordatajego (genitive masculine singular)
bordatyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
bordatajego (genitive neuter singular)
bordatujemu (dative masculine singular)
bordatěji (dative feminine singular)
bordatujemu (dative neuter singular)
bordatъjь (accusative masculine singular)
bordatǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
bordatoje (accusative neuter singular)
bordatyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
bordatǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
bordatyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
bordatějemь (locative masculine singular)
bordatěji (feminine locative singular)
bordatějemь (locative neuter singular)
bordatъjь (masculine singular vocative)
bordataja (feminine singular vocative)
bordatoje (neuter singular vocative)
bordataja (dual masculine nominative)
bordatěji (dual feminine nominative)
bordatěji (dual neuter nominative)
bordatuju (dual genitive masculine)
bordatuju (dual feminine genitive)
bordatuju (dual genitive neuter)
bordatyjima (dative dual masculine)
bordatyjima (dative dual feminine)
bordatyjima (dative dual neuter)
bordataja (accusative dual masculine)
bordatěji (accusative dual feminine)
bordatěji (accusative dual neuter)
bordatyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
bordatyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
bordatyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
bordatuju (dual locative masculine)
bordatuju (dual feminine locative)
bordatuju (dual locative neuter)
bordataja (dual masculine vocative)
bordatěji (dual feminine vocative)
bordatěji (dual neuter vocative)
bordatiji (masculine nominative plural)
bordatyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
bordataja (neuter nominative plural)
bordatъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
bordatъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
bordatъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
bordatyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
bordatyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
bordatyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
bordatyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
bordatyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
bordataja (accusative neuter plural)
bordatyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
bordatyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
bordatyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
bordatyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
bordatyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
bordatyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
bordatiji (masculine plural vocative)
bordatyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
bordataja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: бородатъ (borodatŭ)
Old Ruthenian: бородатый (borodatyj)
Belarusian: барада́ты (baradáty)
Carpathian Rusyn: борода́тый (borodátŷj)
Ukrainian: борода́тий (borodátyj)
Russian: борода́тый (borodátyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Bulgarian: брада́т (bradát)

Macedonian: брадат (bradat)

→ Old East Slavic: брадатъ (bradatŭ)

Russian: брада́тый (bradátyj)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бра̀дат

Latin script: bràdat

Slovene: bradȁt (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: bradatý

Czech: bradatý

Polish: brodaty

Old Slovak: bradatý

Pannonian Rusyn: брадати (bradati)

Slovak: bradatý

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: bardati, brodati

Slovincian: brôdaty

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: brodaty

Upper Sorbian: brodaty

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bardā́ˀtas. By surface analysis, *borda (“beard”) + *-atъ.


klasti

klàsti (canonical imperfective)
*kladati (alternative)
c (accent-paradigm)
kladenьje (noun-from-verb)
klasti (infinitive)
klastъ (supine)
kladlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
kladenъ (participle passive past)
kladomъ (participle passive present)
kladъ (active participle past)
klady (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
kladъ (aorist first-person singular)
kladoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
klade (aorist second-person singular)
klade (aorist singular third-person)
kladǫ (first-person present singular)
kladeši (present second-person singular)
kladetь (present singular third-person)
kladově (aorist dual first-person)
kladoxově (aorist dual first-person)
kladeta (aorist dual second-person)
kladosta (aorist dual second-person)
kladete (aorist dual third-person)
kladoste (aorist dual third-person)
kladevě (dual first-person present)
kladeta (dual present second-person)
kladete (dual present third-person)
kladomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kladoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kladete (aorist plural second-person)
kladoste (aorist plural second-person)
kladǫ (aorist plural third-person)
kladošę (aorist plural third-person)
klademъ (first-person plural present)
kladete (plural present second-person)
kladǫtь (plural present third-person)
kladěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kladěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kladěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kladi (imperative second-person singular)
kladi (imperative singular third-person)
kladěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kladěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kladěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kladěvě (dual first-person imperative)
kladěta (dual imperative second-person)
kladěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kladěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kladěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kladěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
kladěte (imperative plural second-person)

Marko Snoj
Rick Derksen
Vladimir I. Georgiev

East Slavic:

Belarusian: кла́сці (klásci)

Russian: класть (klastʹ)

Ukrainian: кла́сти (klásty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: класти (klasti)

Bulgarian: клада́ (kladá); dial. кла́вам (klávam), кла́жa (kláža)

Macedonian: кладе pf (klade) (regionalism), клава impf (klava) (regionalism)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кла̏сти

Latin script: klȁsti

Slovene: klásti (tonal orthography) (archaic)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: klásti

Czech: klást

Kashubian: kłasc

desctree

Old Polish: kłaść
Polish: kłaść
Silesian: kłaś

Slovak: klásť

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: clădi (“to build”)

Per LIV, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *klā́ˀtei + *-sti (dʰé-conjugation), perhaps back-formed from the proto dʰi-imperative, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂- (“to put, lay out”). Cognate with ye-presents Lithuanian klóti (“to spread”), Latvian klât (“to cover, spread”). Compare also Lithuanian klõdas (“layer, stratum”). Outside of Balto-Slavic, compare Proto-Germanic *hlaþaną (“to load”).
Dialectal Bulgarian also exhibits reflexes of athematic conjugation клам pf (klam, “to lay down”), of unclear diachronic origin (could be a contraction of кла́вам (klávam)).

der

(reflexive) (+ *sę) to provide for, to feed (oneself)


stolъ

stòlъ (canonical masculine)
stòlъ (nominative singular)
stolà (dual nominative)
stolì (nominative plural)
stolà (genitive singular)
stolù (dual genitive)
stòlъ (genitive plural)
stolù (dative singular)
stolòma (dative dual)
stolòmъ (dative plural)
stòlъ (accusative singular)
stolà (accusative dual)
stolỳ (accusative plural)
stolъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
stolòmь (instrumental singular)
stolòma (dual instrumental)
stòly (instrumental plural)
stolě̀ (locative singular)
stolù (dual locative)
stòlěxъ (locative plural)
stole (singular vocative)
stolà (dual vocative)
stolì (plural vocative)
stòlъ (nominative singular)
stolỳ (dual nominative)
stolòve (nominative plural)
stolù (genitive singular)
stolòvu (dual genitive)
stolòvъ (genitive plural)
stolòvi (dative singular)
stòlъma (dative dual)
stolъ̀mъ (dative plural)
stòlъ (accusative singular)
stolỳ (accusative dual)
stolỳ (accusative plural)
stolъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
stòlъma (dual instrumental)
stòlъmī (instrumental plural)
stòlu (locative singular)
stolòvu (dual locative)
stolъ̀xъ (locative plural)
stolu (singular vocative)
stolỳ (dual vocative)
stolòve (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: столъ (stolŭ)
Old Ruthenian: столъ (stol)
Belarusian: стол (stol)
Carpathian Rusyn: стул (stul)
Ukrainian: стіл (stil)
Russian: стол (stol) (see there for further descendants)
→ Erzya: столь (stoľ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: столъ (stolŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱅⱁⰾⱏ (stolŭ)

Bulgarian: стол (stol)

Macedonian: стол (stol)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сто̑л, сто̑

Latin: stȏl, stȏ

Slovene: stȍł (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: stół

Old Czech: stól, stół (alternative writing)
Czech: stůl

Old Polish: stół
Polish: stół
Silesian: stōł

Old Slovak: stol, stôl, stul

Pannonian Rusyn: стол (stol)

Slovak: stôl

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: stoł

Lower Sorbian: stoł

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: stol

→ Hungarian: asztal (“table”)

→ Serbo-Croatian: àstāl / а̀ста̄л

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *stálas (“table; seat, chair”), generally viewed as a derivative of *stati (“to stand”) + *-elъ. Analogous to Proto-Germanic *stōlaz (full-grade), whence Old East Slavic стулъ (stulŭ, “chair”) via Old Norse or early Low German.
In the past, a relation to Proto-Slavic *stelti, *stьlati (“to spread, to lay”) was considered (e.g. by Mladenov, Machek), with possible cognates Ancient Greek στήλη (stḗlē, “stone block”), στῦλος (stûlos, “pillar”). Nowadays, usually dismissed.


agnętina

agnętina (nominative singular)
agnętiny (genitive singular)
agnętině (dative singular)
agnętinǫ (accusative singular)
agnętinojǫ (instrumental singular)
agnętinǫ (instrumental singular)
agnętině (locative singular)
agnętino (singular vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ягня́ціна (jahnjácina)

Russian: ягня́тина (jagnjátina)

Ukrainian: ягня́тина (jahnjátyna)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ја̀њетина, ја̀гњетина

Latin script: jànjetina, jàgnjetina

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: jágnjetina, jagnjetína (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jěhnětina (“lambskin”)

desc

Czech: jehnětina (“lambskin”), jehněčina (“lambskin, lamb meat”)

Polish: jagnięcina

Slovak: jahňacina

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: jagnjeśina

Oleg Trubachyov
cs:Slovník spisovného jazyka českého


agnьcь

àgnьcь (canonical masculine)
àgnьcь (nominative singular)
àgnьca (dual nominative)
àgnьci (nominative plural)
àgnьca (genitive singular)
àgnьcu (dual genitive)
àgnьcь (genitive plural)
àgnьcu (dative singular)
àgnьcema (dative dual)
àgnьcēmъ (dative plural)
àgnьcь (accusative singular)
àgnьca (accusative dual)
àgnьcę̇ (accusative plural)
àgnьcьmь (instrumental singular)
àgnьcemь (instrumental singular)
àgnьcema (dual instrumental)
àgnьcī (instrumental plural)
àgnьci (locative singular)
àgnьcu (dual locative)
àgnьcīxъ (locative plural)
àgnьče (singular vocative)
àgnьca (dual vocative)
àgnьci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: агньць (agnĭcĭ), агнець (agnecĭ), агнецъ (agnecŭ), агниць (agnicĭ)

Old Ruthenian: агнецъ (ahnecʹ)

Ukrainian: а́гнець (áhnecʹ) (archaic)

Russian: а́гнец (ágnec) (archaic)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: агньць (agnĭcĭ), ꙗгньць (jagnĭcĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰰⰳⱀⱐⱌⱐ (agnĭcĭ), ⱑⰳⱀⱐⱌⱐ (jagnĭcĭ)

Bulgarian: а́гне́ц (ágnéc)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ја̏гањац

Latin script: jȁganjac

Slovene: jāgnjec (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desctree

Old Czech: jěhnec
Czech: jehnec (obsolete)


-ьce

-ьce (nominative singular)
-ьci (dual nominative)
-ьca (nominative plural)
-ьca (genitive singular)
-ьcu (dual genitive)
-ьcь (genitive plural)
-ьcu (dative singular)
-ьcema (dative dual)
-ьcemъ (dative plural)
-ьce (accusative singular)
-ьci (accusative dual)
-ьca (accusative plural)
-ьcьmь (instrumental singular)
-ьcemь (instrumental singular)
-ьcema (dual instrumental)
-ьci (instrumental plural)
-ьci (locative singular)
-ьcu (dual locative)
-ьcixъ (locative plural)
-ьce (singular vocative)
-ьci (dual vocative)
-ьca (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: -ице (-ice)

Belarusian: -ца (-ca), -цо (-co)

Russian: -це (-ce)

Carpathian Rusyn: -це (-ce)

Ukrainian: -це (-ce)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: -ьце (-ĭce), -ице (-ice) (when attached to roots ending in *-je)

Glagolitic: -ⱐⱌⰵ (-ĭce), -ⰹⱌⰵ (-ice) (when attached to roots ending in *-je)

Bulgarian: -це (-ce)

Macedonian: -це (-ce)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -це

Latin script: -ce

Slovene: -ce

West Slavic:

Old Czech: -ce

Czech: -ce

Kashubian: -ce

Polish: -ce

Slovak: -ce

Slovincian: -icê

Reflects Proto-Indo-European *-ikóm, a neuter counter-part to Proto-Slavic *-ьcь m, Proto-Slavic *-ьca f.

moldę (“cub, baby”) → *moldętьce (“puppy, kitten, little one, etc.”)

město (“city, place, space, room”) → *městьce (“small town, tiny space/room”)

okъno (“window”) → *okъnьce (“small window”)

pero (“feather”) → *perьce (“plumule”)

nebo (“heaven”) → *nebьce (“palate”)

aje (“ovum, egg”) → *ajьce (“egg”)

Denominal, forms diminutives from neutral nouns.

sьrdьce (“heart”)

sъlnьce (“sun”)

Structural formant, without a base noun to synchronically derive from.


nebogъ

nebogъ (masculine nominative singular)
neboga (feminine nominative singular)
nebogo (neuter nominative singular)
neboga (genitive masculine singular)
nebogy (feminine genitive singular)
neboga (genitive neuter singular)
nebogu (dative masculine singular)
nebodzě (dative feminine singular)
nebogu (dative neuter singular)
nebogъ (accusative masculine singular)
nebogǫ (accusative feminine singular)
nebogo (accusative neuter singular)
nebogomь (instrumental masculine singular)
nebogojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
nebogomь (instrumental neuter singular)
nebodzě (locative masculine singular)
nebodzě (feminine locative singular)
nebodzě (locative neuter singular)
nebože (masculine singular vocative)
nebogo (feminine singular vocative)
nebogo (neuter singular vocative)
neboga (dual masculine nominative)
nebodzě (dual feminine nominative)
nebodzě (dual neuter nominative)
nebogu (dual genitive masculine)
nebogu (dual feminine genitive)
nebogu (dual genitive neuter)
nebogoma (dative dual masculine)
nebogama (dative dual feminine)
nebogoma (dative dual neuter)
neboga (accusative dual masculine)
nebodzě (accusative dual feminine)
nebodzě (accusative dual neuter)
nebogoma (dual instrumental masculine)
nebogama (dual feminine instrumental)
nebogoma (dual instrumental neuter)
nebogu (dual locative masculine)
nebogu (dual feminine locative)
nebogu (dual locative neuter)
neboga (dual masculine vocative)
nebodzě (dual feminine vocative)
nebodzě (dual neuter vocative)
nebodzi (masculine nominative plural)
nebogy (feminine nominative plural)
neboga (neuter nominative plural)
nebogъ (genitive masculine plural)
nebogъ (feminine genitive plural)
nebogъ (genitive neuter plural)
nebogomъ (dative masculine plural)
nebogamъ (dative feminine plural)
nebogomъ (dative neuter plural)
nebogy (accusative masculine plural)
nebogy (accusative feminine plural)
neboga (accusative neuter plural)
nebogy (instrumental masculine plural)
nebogami (feminine instrumental plural)
nebogy (instrumental neuter plural)
nebodzěxъ (locative masculine plural)
nebogaxъ (feminine locative plural)
nebodzěxъ (locative neuter plural)
nebodzi (masculine plural vocative)
nebogy (feminine plural vocative)
neboga (neuter plural vocative)
nebogъjь (masculine nominative singular)
nebogaja (feminine nominative singular)
nebogoje (neuter nominative singular)
nebogajego (genitive masculine singular)
nebogyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
nebogajego (genitive neuter singular)
nebogujemu (dative masculine singular)
nebodzěji (dative feminine singular)
nebogujemu (dative neuter singular)
nebogъjь (accusative masculine singular)
nebogǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
nebogoje (accusative neuter singular)
nebogyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
nebogǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
nebogyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
nebodzějemь (locative masculine singular)
nebodzěji (feminine locative singular)
nebodzějemь (locative neuter singular)
nebogъjь (masculine singular vocative)
nebogaja (feminine singular vocative)
nebogoje (neuter singular vocative)
nebogaja (dual masculine nominative)
nebodzěji (dual feminine nominative)
nebodzěji (dual neuter nominative)
neboguju (dual genitive masculine)
neboguju (dual feminine genitive)
neboguju (dual genitive neuter)
nebogyjima (dative dual masculine)
nebogyjima (dative dual feminine)
nebogyjima (dative dual neuter)
nebogaja (accusative dual masculine)
nebodzěji (accusative dual feminine)
nebodzěji (accusative dual neuter)
nebogyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
nebogyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
nebogyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
neboguju (dual locative masculine)
neboguju (dual feminine locative)
neboguju (dual locative neuter)
nebogaja (dual masculine vocative)
nebodzěji (dual feminine vocative)
nebodzěji (dual neuter vocative)
nebodziji (masculine nominative plural)
nebogyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
nebogaja (neuter nominative plural)
nebogъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
nebogъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
nebogъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
nebogyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
nebogyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
nebogyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
nebogyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
nebogyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
nebogaja (accusative neuter plural)
nebogyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
nebogyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
nebogyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
nebogyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
nebogyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
nebogyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
nebodziji (masculine plural vocative)
nebogyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
nebogaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: нябога (njabóha)

Russian: небо́гий (nebógij)

Ukrainian: не́біж (nébiž)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: небогъ (nebogŭ)

Glagolitic: ⱀⰵⰱⱁⰳⱏ (nebogŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: нѐбог

Latin script: nèbog

Slovene: nebog

West Slavic:

Old Czech: nebohý

Czech: nebohý

Old Polish: niebog

Polish: niebogi

Old Slovak: nebohý

desc

Pannonian Rusyn: (obsolete) нєбоги (njebohi)

Slovak: nebohý

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: njabogi

Upper Sorbian: njeboh

Yiddish: נעבעך (nebekh)

English: nebbish

A bahuvrihi compound of *ne (“not”) and an adjective *bogъ (“fortunate”), but which later shifted in meaning to "god". Compare *ubogъ (“poor”).