mękъkъ

mę̑kъkъ (canonical)
mękъkъ (masculine nominative singular)
mękъka (feminine nominative singular)
mękъko (neuter nominative singular)
mękъka (genitive masculine singular)
mękъky (feminine genitive singular)
mękъka (genitive neuter singular)
mękъku (dative masculine singular)
mękъcě (dative feminine singular)
mękъku (dative neuter singular)
mękъkъ (accusative masculine singular)
mękъkǫ (accusative feminine singular)
mękъko (accusative neuter singular)
mękъkomь (instrumental masculine singular)
mękъkojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
mękъkomь (instrumental neuter singular)
mękъcě (locative masculine singular)
mękъcě (feminine locative singular)
mękъcě (locative neuter singular)
mękъče (masculine singular vocative)
mękъko (feminine singular vocative)
mękъko (neuter singular vocative)
mękъka (dual masculine nominative)
mękъcě (dual feminine nominative)
mękъcě (dual neuter nominative)
mękъku (dual genitive masculine)
mękъku (dual feminine genitive)
mękъku (dual genitive neuter)
mękъkoma (dative dual masculine)
mękъkama (dative dual feminine)
mękъkoma (dative dual neuter)
mękъka (accusative dual masculine)
mękъcě (accusative dual feminine)
mękъcě (accusative dual neuter)
mękъkoma (dual instrumental masculine)
mękъkama (dual feminine instrumental)
mękъkoma (dual instrumental neuter)
mękъku (dual locative masculine)
mękъku (dual feminine locative)
mękъku (dual locative neuter)
mękъka (dual masculine vocative)
mękъcě (dual feminine vocative)
mękъcě (dual neuter vocative)
mękъci (masculine nominative plural)
mękъky (feminine nominative plural)
mękъka (neuter nominative plural)
mękъkъ (genitive masculine plural)
mękъkъ (feminine genitive plural)
mękъkъ (genitive neuter plural)
mękъkomъ (dative masculine plural)
mękъkamъ (dative feminine plural)
mękъkomъ (dative neuter plural)
mękъky (accusative masculine plural)
mękъky (accusative feminine plural)
mękъka (accusative neuter plural)
mękъky (instrumental masculine plural)
mękъkami (feminine instrumental plural)
mękъky (instrumental neuter plural)
mękъcěxъ (locative masculine plural)
mękъkaxъ (feminine locative plural)
mękъcěxъ (locative neuter plural)
mękъci (masculine plural vocative)
mękъky (feminine plural vocative)
mękъka (neuter plural vocative)
mękъkъjь (masculine nominative singular)
mękъkaja (feminine nominative singular)
mękъkoje (neuter nominative singular)
mękъkajego (genitive masculine singular)
mękъkyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
mękъkajego (genitive neuter singular)
mękъkujemu (dative masculine singular)
mękъcěji (dative feminine singular)
mękъkujemu (dative neuter singular)
mękъkъjь (accusative masculine singular)
mękъkǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
mękъkoje (accusative neuter singular)
mękъkyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
mękъkǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
mękъkyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
mękъcějemь (locative masculine singular)
mękъcěji (feminine locative singular)
mękъcějemь (locative neuter singular)
mękъkъjь (masculine singular vocative)
mękъkaja (feminine singular vocative)
mękъkoje (neuter singular vocative)
mękъkaja (dual masculine nominative)
mękъcěji (dual feminine nominative)
mękъcěji (dual neuter nominative)
mękъkuju (dual genitive masculine)
mękъkuju (dual feminine genitive)
mękъkuju (dual genitive neuter)
mękъkyjima (dative dual masculine)
mękъkyjima (dative dual feminine)
mękъkyjima (dative dual neuter)
mękъkaja (accusative dual masculine)
mękъcěji (accusative dual feminine)
mękъcěji (accusative dual neuter)
mękъkyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
mękъkyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
mękъkyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
mękъkuju (dual locative masculine)
mękъkuju (dual feminine locative)
mękъkuju (dual locative neuter)
mękъkaja (dual masculine vocative)
mękъcěji (dual feminine vocative)
mękъcěji (dual neuter vocative)
mękъciji (masculine nominative plural)
mękъkyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
mękъkaja (neuter nominative plural)
mękъkъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
mękъkъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
mękъkъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
mękъkyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
mękъkyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
mękъkyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
mękъkyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
mękъkyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
mękъkaja (accusative neuter plural)
mękъkyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
mękъkyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
mękъkyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
mękъkyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
mękъkyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
mękъkyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
mękъciji (masculine plural vocative)
mękъkyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
mękъkaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: мѧкъкъ (mękŭkŭ), мѧгъкъ (męgŭkŭ)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: мѧ́ккїй (mjákkij), мѧ́гкїй (mjáhkij), мѧ́хкїй (mjáxkij), мѧ́кїй (mjákij)
Belarusian: мя́ккі (mjákki); мя́кі́ (mjákí), м'я́ккі (mʺjákki), мя́ккій (mjákkij) (dialectal)
Carpathian Rusyn: мя́гкый (mjáhkŷj), мня́гкый (mnjáhkŷj)
Ukrainian: м'яки́й (mʺjakýj); м'ягки́й (mʺjahkýj), м'яхки́й (mʺjaxkýj), мняки́й (mnjakýj) (dialectal)

Russian: мя́гкий (mjáxkij)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: мѧкъкъ (mękŭkŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰿⱔⰽⱏⰽⱏ (mękŭkŭ)

Bulgarian: мек (mek)

Macedonian: мек (mek)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ме̏к

Latin script: mȅk

Slovene: méhək (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: měkký

Czech: měkký

Bohemian (Chod dialect): mňekyj

Kashubian: mitczi

Old Polish: mięki, miękki

Polish: miękki

Silesian: miynki

Polabian: mąťĕ

Pannonian Rusyn: мегки (mehki)

Slovak: mäkký

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: mjechki

Lower Sorbian: měki

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *minˀkus (u-stem), from Proto-Indo-European *menk- (“to knead”), which may be a k-extension of Proto-Indo-European *menH- (“to trample, rumple”) (for which see Proto-Balto-Slavic *mínˀtei (“to trample”)). Equivalent to Proto-Balto-Slavic *minˀkas + *-ъkъ.
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian mi̇̀nkštas (“soft”), Latvian mîksts (“soft”). Outside of Balto-Slavic, compare Proto-West Germanic *mangijan (“to mix”), as well as perhaps Ancient Greek μάσσω (mássō, “to knead”).


slabъ

slàbъ (canonical)
slabъ (masculine nominative singular)
slaba (feminine nominative singular)
slabo (neuter nominative singular)
slaba (genitive masculine singular)
slaby (feminine genitive singular)
slaba (genitive neuter singular)
slabu (dative masculine singular)
slabě (dative feminine singular)
slabu (dative neuter singular)
slabъ (accusative masculine singular)
slabǫ (accusative feminine singular)
slabo (accusative neuter singular)
slabomь (instrumental masculine singular)
slabojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
slabomь (instrumental neuter singular)
slabě (locative masculine singular)
slabě (feminine locative singular)
slabě (locative neuter singular)
slabe (masculine singular vocative)
slabo (feminine singular vocative)
slabo (neuter singular vocative)
slaba (dual masculine nominative)
slabě (dual feminine nominative)
slabě (dual neuter nominative)
slabu (dual genitive masculine)
slabu (dual feminine genitive)
slabu (dual genitive neuter)
slaboma (dative dual masculine)
slabama (dative dual feminine)
slaboma (dative dual neuter)
slaba (accusative dual masculine)
slabě (accusative dual feminine)
slabě (accusative dual neuter)
slaboma (dual instrumental masculine)
slabama (dual feminine instrumental)
slaboma (dual instrumental neuter)
slabu (dual locative masculine)
slabu (dual feminine locative)
slabu (dual locative neuter)
slaba (dual masculine vocative)
slabě (dual feminine vocative)
slabě (dual neuter vocative)
slabi (masculine nominative plural)
slaby (feminine nominative plural)
slaba (neuter nominative plural)
slabъ (genitive masculine plural)
slabъ (feminine genitive plural)
slabъ (genitive neuter plural)
slabomъ (dative masculine plural)
slabamъ (dative feminine plural)
slabomъ (dative neuter plural)
slaby (accusative masculine plural)
slaby (accusative feminine plural)
slaba (accusative neuter plural)
slaby (instrumental masculine plural)
slabami (feminine instrumental plural)
slaby (instrumental neuter plural)
slaběxъ (locative masculine plural)
slabaxъ (feminine locative plural)
slaběxъ (locative neuter plural)
slabi (masculine plural vocative)
slaby (feminine plural vocative)
slaba (neuter plural vocative)
slabъjь (masculine nominative singular)
slabaja (feminine nominative singular)
slaboje (neuter nominative singular)
slabajego (genitive masculine singular)
slabyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
slabajego (genitive neuter singular)
slabujemu (dative masculine singular)
slaběji (dative feminine singular)
slabujemu (dative neuter singular)
slabъjь (accusative masculine singular)
slabǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
slaboje (accusative neuter singular)
slabyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
slabǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
slabyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
slabějemь (locative masculine singular)
slaběji (feminine locative singular)
slabějemь (locative neuter singular)
slabъjь (masculine singular vocative)
slabaja (feminine singular vocative)
slaboje (neuter singular vocative)
slabaja (dual masculine nominative)
slaběji (dual feminine nominative)
slaběji (dual neuter nominative)
slabuju (dual genitive masculine)
slabuju (dual feminine genitive)
slabuju (dual genitive neuter)
slabyjima (dative dual masculine)
slabyjima (dative dual feminine)
slabyjima (dative dual neuter)
slabaja (accusative dual masculine)
slaběji (accusative dual feminine)
slaběji (accusative dual neuter)
slabyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
slabyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
slabyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
slabuju (dual locative masculine)
slabuju (dual feminine locative)
slabuju (dual locative neuter)
slabaja (dual masculine vocative)
slaběji (dual feminine vocative)
slaběji (dual neuter vocative)
slabiji (masculine nominative plural)
slabyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
slabaja (neuter nominative plural)
slabъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
slabъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
slabъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
slabyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
slabyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
slabyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
slabyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
slabyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
slabaja (accusative neuter plural)
slabyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
slabyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
slabyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
slabyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
slabyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
slabyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
slabiji (masculine plural vocative)
slabyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
slabaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

Belarusian: сла́бы (sláby)

Russian: сла́бый (slábyj)

Ukrainian: слаби́й (slabýj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: слабъ (slabŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⰾⰰⰱⱏ (slabŭ)

Bulgarian: слаб (slab)

Macedonian: слаб (slab)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: слаб

Latin script: slab

Slovene: slȁb (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: slabý

Czech: slabý

desctree

Old Polish: słaby
Polish: słaby
Silesian: słaby

Slovak: slabý

Polabian: *slobĕ

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: słabi

Slovincian: slaby

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: słaby

Upper Sorbian: słaby

Non-Slavic:

→ Aromanian: slab

→ Romanian: slab

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)leh₂b- (“to be weak, limp, languid”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *slappōną (“to be slack”), Latin lābor (“to slip, sink down”), labō (“to totter, waver”).


dęsna

dę̄snà (canonical feminine)
dę̄snà (nominative singular)
dę̃sně (dual nominative)
dę̄snỳ (nominative plural)
dę̄snỳ (genitive singular)
dę̄snù (dual genitive)
dę̃snъ (genitive plural)
dę̄sně̀ (dative singular)
dę̄snàma (dative dual)
dę̄snàmъ (dative plural)
dę̄snǫ̀ (accusative singular)
dę̃sně (accusative dual)
dę̄snỳ (accusative plural)
dę̄snòjǫ (instrumental singular)
dę̃snǫ (instrumental singular)
dę̄snàma (dual instrumental)
dę̄snàmī (instrumental plural)
dę̄sně̀ (locative singular)
dę̄snù (dual locative)
dę̄snàsъ (locative plural)
dę̄snàxъ (locative plural)
dęsno (singular vocative)
dę̃sně (dual vocative)
dę̄snỳ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: дѧсна́ (dęsná)
Old Ruthenian: дѧсна́ (djasná), дєсна́ (djesná)
Belarusian: дзясна́ (dzjasná)
Carpathian Rusyn: ясна́ (jasná), ясно́ n (jasnó)
Ukrainian: я́сна n pl (jásna)
Middle Russian: дѧсна́ (djasná)
Russian: десна́ (desná)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: дѧсна (dęsna)

Glagolitic script: ⰴⱔⱄⱀⰰ (dęsna)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: де̑сни f pl, де̑сна

Latin script: dȇsni f pl, dȇsna

Slovene: dlẹ̑sen (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dásně, dásno n, dásň, dáseň

Czech: dáseň

Old Polish: dziąsno n

Polish: dziąsło n

Silesian: dziōnsło n

Old Slovak: ďasno n, jasna

Pannonian Rusyn: ясна (jasna)

Slovak: ďasno n

Polabian: ďǫsnă f sg or n pl

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: dąsło n, dąsno n, dąsna

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: źěsna n pl

Upper Sorbian: dźasna n pl

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *déntsnāˀ, from *dantís, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃dónts.


kľuka

kľùka (canonical feminine)
kľùka (nominative singular)
kľùcě (dual nominative)
kľùky (nominative plural)
kľùky (genitive singular)
kľùku (dual genitive)
kľùkъ (genitive plural)
kľùcě (dative singular)
kľùkama (dative dual)
kľùkamъ (dative plural)
kľùkǫ (accusative singular)
kľùcě (accusative dual)
kľùky (accusative plural)
kľùkojǫ (instrumental singular)
kľùkǭ (instrumental singular)
kľùkama (dual instrumental)
kľùkamī (instrumental plural)
kľùcě (locative singular)
kľùku (dual locative)
kľùkasъ (locative plural)
kľùkaxъ (locative plural)
kľùko (singular vocative)
kľùcě (dual vocative)
kľùky (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: клюка (kljuka)

Russian: клюка́ (kljuká)

Ukrainian: клю́ка (kljúka)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: kljȕka

Cyrillic script: кљу̏ка (kljȕka)

Slovene: kljúka

West Slavic:

Czech: klika

Old Polish: kluka

Slovak: kľuka

Slovincian: klëka

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kljaukāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *klewk-eh₂, from *kle(h₂)uk-, an extended form of *(s)kleh₂w- (“hook, crook, peg”).


jьmati

jьmàti (canonical imperfective)
jьmanьje (noun-from-verb)
jьmati (infinitive)
jьmatъ (supine)
jьmalъ (l-participle)
jьmanъ (participle passive past)
emľemъ (participle passive present)
jьmavъ (active participle past)
emľę (active participle present)
jьmaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
jьma (aorist second-person singular)
jьma (aorist singular third-person)
emľǫ (first-person present singular)
emľeši (present second-person singular)
emľetь (present singular third-person)
jьmaxově (aorist dual first-person)
jьmasta (aorist dual second-person)
jьmaste (aorist dual third-person)
emľevě (dual first-person present)
emľeta (dual present second-person)
emľete (dual present third-person)
jьmaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
jьmaste (aorist plural second-person)
jьmašę (aorist plural third-person)
emľemъ (first-person plural present)
emľete (plural present second-person)
emľǫtь (plural present third-person)
jьmaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
jьmaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
jьmaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
emľi (imperative second-person singular)
emľi (imperative singular third-person)
jьmaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
jьmaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
jьmaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
emľivě (dual first-person imperative)
emľita (dual imperative second-person)
jьmaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
jьmaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
jьmaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
emľimъ (first-person imperative plural)
emľite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: имати (imati)

Russian: има́ть (imátʹ) (archaic)

Ukrainian: ма́ти (máty)

desc

Old Novgorodian: имати (imati), ѥмати (jemati)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: имати (imati)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: -е́мам (-émam) (in compounds)

Macedonian: -ема (-ema) (in compounds)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ѝмати, јѐмати

Latin script: ìmati, jìmati, jèmati

Slovene: jemáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jímati

Czech: jímat

Kashubian: jëmac

Polabian: jéimat

Old Polish: imać

Polish: imać (obsolete, literary)

Slovak: mať, jímať

Slovincian: jimac

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: jimać

Lower Sorbian: jimaś


-ovati

-ovanьje (noun-from-verb)
-ovati (infinitive)
-ovatъ (supine)
-ovalъ (l-participle)
-ovanъ (participle passive past)
-ujemъ (participle passive present)
-ovavъ (active participle past)
-uję (active participle present)
-ovaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
-ova (aorist second-person singular)
-ova (aorist singular third-person)
-ujǫ (first-person present singular)
-uješi (present second-person singular)
-ujetь (present singular third-person)
-ovaxově (aorist dual first-person)
-ovasta (aorist dual second-person)
-ovaste (aorist dual third-person)
-ujevě (dual first-person present)
-ujeta (dual present second-person)
-ujete (dual present third-person)
-ovaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
-ovaste (aorist plural second-person)
-ovašę (aorist plural third-person)
-ujemъ (first-person plural present)
-ujete (plural present second-person)
-ujǫtь (plural present third-person)
-ovaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
-ovaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
-ovaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
-uji (imperative second-person singular)
-uji (imperative singular third-person)
-ovaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
-ovaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
-ovaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
-ujivě (dual first-person imperative)
-ujita (dual imperative second-person)
-ovaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
-ovaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
-ovaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
-ujimъ (first-person imperative plural)
-ujite (imperative plural second-person)
*-evati (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: -овати (-ovati)

Old Ruthenian: -овати (-ovati)

Belarusian: -аваць (-avacʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: -овати (-ovaty)

Ukrainian: -увати (-uvaty)

Middle Russian: -овати (-ovati), -овать (-ovatʹ)

Russian: -овать (-ovatʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: -овати (-ovati)

Bulgarian: -вам (-vam), -увам (-uvam), -овам (-ovam)

Macedonian: -ува (-uva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -овати

Latin script: -ovati

Slovene: -ovati

West Slavic:

Old Czech: -ovati

Czech: -ovat

Old Polish: -ować
Polish: -ować

Old Slovak: -ovať

Pannonian Rusyn: -овац (-ovac)

Slovak: -ovať

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: -owac

Slovincian: -ac, -ôwac

Lower Sorbian: -owaś

Upper Sorbian: -ować

Cognate with Lithuanian -áuti, Old Prussian -aut. Possibly also with Lithuanian -úoti, Latvian -uot, although Svensson rejects the plausibility of the "uo" sound change.

Creates verbs out of nouns and adjectives


skorupa

skorupa (nominative singular)
skorupě (dual nominative)
skorupy (nominative plural)
skorupy (genitive singular)
skorupu (dual genitive)
skorupъ (genitive plural)
skorupě (dative singular)
skorupama (dative dual)
skorupamъ (dative plural)
skorupǫ (accusative singular)
skorupě (accusative dual)
skorupy (accusative plural)
skorupojǫ (instrumental singular)
skorupǫ (instrumental singular)
skorupama (dual instrumental)
skorupami (instrumental plural)
skorupě (locative singular)
skorupu (dual locative)
skorupasъ (locative plural)
skorupaxъ (locative plural)
skorupo (singular vocative)
skorupě (dual vocative)
skorupy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: скоролупа (skorolupa), скоролупля (skoroluplja), скоролуща (skorolušča)

Belarusian: шкарлупа́ (škarlupá), скару́па (skarúpa)

Russian: скорлупа́ (skorlupá)

Ukrainian: шкору́па (škorúpa)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: скралупа (skralupa), скралупля (skraluplja), скралуща (skralušta)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ско̏рӯп m

Latin script: skȍrūp m

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: skralûp, skorlûp, skorlúpa, škorlûp, škorlúpa (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: skořupina

Czech: skořápka, škraloup

Polish: skorupa

Slovak: škrupina

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: škórpa m, škórр


měxъ

mě̑xъ (canonical masculine)
mě̑xъ (nominative singular)
mě̑xa (dual nominative)
mě̑śi (nominative plural)
mě̑xa (genitive singular)
měxù (dual genitive)
mě̃xъ (genitive plural)
mě̑xu (dative singular)
měxomà (dative dual)
měxòmъ (dative plural)
mě̑xъ (accusative singular)
mě̑xa (accusative dual)
mě̑xy (accusative plural)
mě̑xъmь (instrumental singular)
mě̑xomь (instrumental singular)
měxomà (dual instrumental)
měxý (instrumental plural)
mě̑śě (locative singular)
měxù (dual locative)
měśě̃xъ (locative plural)
měše (singular vocative)
mě̑xa (dual vocative)
mě̑śi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мѣхъ (měxŭ)

Belarusian: мех (mjex)

Russian: мех (mex)

Ukrainian: міх (mix)

Old Novgorodian: мѣхе (měxe)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: мѣхъ (měxŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰿⱑⱈⱏ (měxŭ)

Bulgarian: мях (mjah), мех (meh)

Macedonian: мев (mev)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ме̑х, мије̑х

Latin: mȇh, mijȇh

Slovene: mẹ̑h (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: miech

Old Czech: měch

Czech: měch

Polish: miech

Old Slovak: mech

Pannonian Rusyn: мех (mex)

Slovak: mech

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: měch

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *maišás, from Proto-Indo-European *moysós. Cognate with Lithuanian mai̇̃šas (“bag, sack”), Latvian màiss (“bag”), Old Prussian moasis (“bellows”), Sanskrit मेष m (meṣá, “ram, sheep”), Classical Persian میش (mēš, “sheep, ewe”), Old Norse meiss m (“basket”), Old High German meisa m (“pannier”).


tьma

tьmà (canonical feminine)
tьmà (nominative singular)
tь̀mě (dual nominative)
tьmỳ (nominative plural)
tьmỳ (genitive singular)
tьmù (dual genitive)
tь̀mъ (genitive plural)
tьmě̀ (dative singular)
tьmàma (dative dual)
tьmàmъ (dative plural)
tьmǫ̀ (accusative singular)
tь̀mě (accusative dual)
tьmỳ (accusative plural)
tьmòjǫ (instrumental singular)
tь̀mǫ (instrumental singular)
tьmàma (dual instrumental)
tьmàmī (instrumental plural)
tьmě̀ (locative singular)
tьmù (dual locative)
tьmàsъ (locative plural)
tьmàxъ (locative plural)
tьmo (singular vocative)
tь̀mě (dual vocative)
tьmỳ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: тьма (tĭma)

Belarusian: цьма (cʹma)

Russian: тьма (tʹma)

Ukrainian: тьма (tʹma)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: тьма (tĭma)

Glagolitic script: ⱅⱐⰿⰰ (tĭma)

Bulgarian: тъма́ (tǎmá)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: та́ма

Latin script: táma

Slovene: təmȁ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: tma

Moravian (Mistřice): tma

desctree

Old Polish: ćma
Polish: ćma
Silesian: ćma

Polabian: ťåmă

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: cma

Slovincian: cma

Old Slovak: cma, tma

Pannonian Rusyn: цма (cma)

Slovak: tma

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: ćma

Lower Sorbian: śma

(Schleifer dialect): ćma

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *tímāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *temH-.


tьma

tьma (nominative singular)
tьmě (dual nominative)
tьmy (nominative plural)
tьmy (genitive singular)
tьmu (dual genitive)
tьmъ (genitive plural)
tьmě (dative singular)
tьmama (dative dual)
tьmamъ (dative plural)
tьmǫ (accusative singular)
tьmě (accusative dual)
tьmy (accusative plural)
tьmojǫ (instrumental singular)
tьmǫ (instrumental singular)
tьmama (dual instrumental)
tьmami (instrumental plural)
tьmě (locative singular)
tьmu (dual locative)
tьmasъ (locative plural)
tьmaxъ (locative plural)
tьmo (singular vocative)
tьmě (dual vocative)
tьmy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: тьма (tĭma)

Belarusian: цьма (cʹma)

Ukrainian: тьма (tʹma)

Russian: тьма (tʹma)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: тьма (tĭma); тъма (tŭma) (hapax)

Glagolitic script: ⱅⱐⰿⰰ (tĭma)

Slovene: təmà (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Polish: ćma

Borrowed from Turkic. Compare Turkish tümän, Kyrgyz түмөн (tümön).


siňь

siňь (masculine nominative singular)
siňa (feminine nominative singular)
siňe (neuter nominative singular)
siňa (genitive masculine singular)
siňę̇ (feminine genitive singular)
siňa (genitive neuter singular)
siňu (dative masculine singular)
siňi (dative feminine singular)
siňu (dative neuter singular)
siňь (accusative masculine singular)
siňǫ (accusative feminine singular)
siňe (accusative neuter singular)
siňemь (instrumental masculine singular)
siňejǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
siňemь (instrumental neuter singular)
siňi (locative masculine singular)
siňi (feminine locative singular)
siňi (locative neuter singular)
siňu (masculine singular vocative)
siňe (feminine singular vocative)
siňe (neuter singular vocative)
siňa (dual masculine nominative)
siňi (dual feminine nominative)
siňi (dual neuter nominative)
siňu (dual genitive masculine)
siňu (dual feminine genitive)
siňu (dual genitive neuter)
siňema (dative dual masculine)
siňama (dative dual feminine)
siňema (dative dual neuter)
siňa (accusative dual masculine)
siňi (accusative dual feminine)
siňi (accusative dual neuter)
siňema (dual instrumental masculine)
siňama (dual feminine instrumental)
siňema (dual instrumental neuter)
siňu (dual locative masculine)
siňu (dual feminine locative)
siňu (dual locative neuter)
siňa (dual masculine vocative)
siňi (dual feminine vocative)
siňi (dual neuter vocative)
siňi (masculine nominative plural)
siňę̇ (feminine nominative plural)
siňa (neuter nominative plural)
siňь (genitive masculine plural)
siňь (feminine genitive plural)
siňь (genitive neuter plural)
siňemъ (dative masculine plural)
siňamъ (dative feminine plural)
siňemъ (dative neuter plural)
siňę̇ (accusative masculine plural)
siňę̇ (accusative feminine plural)
siňa (accusative neuter plural)
siňi (instrumental masculine plural)
siňami (feminine instrumental plural)
siňi (instrumental neuter plural)
siňixъ (locative masculine plural)
siňaxъ (feminine locative plural)
siňixъ (locative neuter plural)
siňi (masculine plural vocative)
siňę̇ (feminine plural vocative)
siňa (neuter plural vocative)
siňьjь (masculine nominative singular)
siňaja (feminine nominative singular)
siňeje (neuter nominative singular)
siňajego (genitive masculine singular)
siňę̇ję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
siňajego (genitive neuter singular)
siňujemu (dative masculine singular)
siňiji (dative feminine singular)
siňujemu (dative neuter singular)
siňьjь (accusative masculine singular)
siňǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
siňeje (accusative neuter singular)
siňijimь (instrumental masculine singular)
siňǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
siňijimь (instrumental neuter singular)
siňijemь (locative masculine singular)
siňiji (feminine locative singular)
siňijemь (locative neuter singular)
siňьjь (masculine singular vocative)
siňaja (feminine singular vocative)
siňeje (neuter singular vocative)
siňaja (dual masculine nominative)
siňiji (dual feminine nominative)
siňiji (dual neuter nominative)
siňuju (dual genitive masculine)
siňuju (dual feminine genitive)
siňuju (dual genitive neuter)
siňijima (dative dual masculine)
siňijima (dative dual feminine)
siňijima (dative dual neuter)
siňaja (accusative dual masculine)
siňiji (accusative dual feminine)
siňiji (accusative dual neuter)
siňijima (dual instrumental masculine)
siňijima (dual feminine instrumental)
siňijima (dual instrumental neuter)
siňuju (dual locative masculine)
siňuju (dual feminine locative)
siňuju (dual locative neuter)
siňaja (dual masculine vocative)
siňiji (dual feminine vocative)
siňiji (dual neuter vocative)
siňiji (masculine nominative plural)
siňę̇ję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
siňaja (neuter nominative plural)
siňьjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
siňьjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
siňьjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
siňijimъ (dative masculine plural)
siňijimъ (dative feminine plural)
siňijimъ (dative neuter plural)
siňę̇ję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
siňę̇ję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
siňaja (accusative neuter plural)
siňijimi (instrumental masculine plural)
siňijimi (feminine instrumental plural)
siňijimi (instrumental neuter plural)
siňijixъ (locative masculine plural)
siňijixъ (feminine locative plural)
siňijixъ (locative neuter plural)
siňiji (masculine plural vocative)
siňę̇ję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
siňaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: синь (sinĭ)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: синїй (sinij), синый (sinyj), сыный (synyj)
Belarusian: сі́ні (síni)
Carpathian Rusyn: си́нїй (sýnjij), си́ный (sýnŷj)
Ukrainian: си́ній (sýnij)

Russian: си́ний (sínij)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: син҄ь (sinʹĭ)

unspecified script:

Bulgarian: син (sin)

Macedonian: син (sin), сињ (sinj)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: си̑њӣ

Latin script: sȋnjī

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: sínji, sȋnji (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: siný

Czech: siný

Polish: siny

Slovak: siný

Akin to *sinica (“titmouse”). According to some, the stem *sin- is also found in *prosinьcь (“December”), due to the darkness of December nights.
Further, the stem *sin- has been connected with the verb *sijati (“to shine”) and the adjective *sivъ (“gray”), with *sinъ reflecting Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱHi-nós from *(s)ḱeh₁y- (“to shimmer”) or *(s)ḱeh₃y- (“to shade”). The yo-stem declension probably has spread from the ancient comparative in Proto-Indo-European *-yós, similar to Proto-Slavic *tęžьkъ (from an earlier *tęgъ(kъ)).


solnina

solnina (nominative singular)
solnině (dual nominative)
solniny (nominative plural)
solniny (genitive singular)
solninu (dual genitive)
solninъ (genitive plural)
solnině (dative singular)
solninama (dative dual)
solninamъ (dative plural)
solninǫ (accusative singular)
solnině (accusative dual)
solniny (accusative plural)
solninojǫ (instrumental singular)
solninǫ (instrumental singular)
solninama (dual instrumental)
solninami (instrumental plural)
solnině (locative singular)
solninu (dual locative)
solninasъ (locative plural)
solninaxъ (locative plural)
solnino (singular vocative)
solnině (dual vocative)
solniny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: салані́на (salanína)

Russian: солони́на (solonína)

Ukrainian: солонина (solonyna)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: сланина (slanina)

Macedonian: сланина (slanina)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сланина

Latin script: slanina

Slovene: slanína (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: slanina

Polish: słonina

Slovak: slanina

Other:

Hungarian: szalonna

Romanian: slănină


solnъ

sȏlnъ (canonical)
solnъ (masculine nominative singular)
solna (feminine nominative singular)
solno (neuter nominative singular)
solna (genitive masculine singular)
solny (feminine genitive singular)
solna (genitive neuter singular)
solnu (dative masculine singular)
solně (dative feminine singular)
solnu (dative neuter singular)
solnъ (accusative masculine singular)
solnǫ (accusative feminine singular)
solno (accusative neuter singular)
solnomь (instrumental masculine singular)
solnojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
solnomь (instrumental neuter singular)
solně (locative masculine singular)
solně (feminine locative singular)
solně (locative neuter singular)
solne (masculine singular vocative)
solno (feminine singular vocative)
solno (neuter singular vocative)
solna (dual masculine nominative)
solně (dual feminine nominative)
solně (dual neuter nominative)
solnu (dual genitive masculine)
solnu (dual feminine genitive)
solnu (dual genitive neuter)
solnoma (dative dual masculine)
solnama (dative dual feminine)
solnoma (dative dual neuter)
solna (accusative dual masculine)
solně (accusative dual feminine)
solně (accusative dual neuter)
solnoma (dual instrumental masculine)
solnama (dual feminine instrumental)
solnoma (dual instrumental neuter)
solnu (dual locative masculine)
solnu (dual feminine locative)
solnu (dual locative neuter)
solna (dual masculine vocative)
solně (dual feminine vocative)
solně (dual neuter vocative)
solni (masculine nominative plural)
solny (feminine nominative plural)
solna (neuter nominative plural)
solnъ (genitive masculine plural)
solnъ (feminine genitive plural)
solnъ (genitive neuter plural)
solnomъ (dative masculine plural)
solnamъ (dative feminine plural)
solnomъ (dative neuter plural)
solny (accusative masculine plural)
solny (accusative feminine plural)
solna (accusative neuter plural)
solny (instrumental masculine plural)
solnami (feminine instrumental plural)
solny (instrumental neuter plural)
solněxъ (locative masculine plural)
solnaxъ (feminine locative plural)
solněxъ (locative neuter plural)
solni (masculine plural vocative)
solny (feminine plural vocative)
solna (neuter plural vocative)
solnъjь (masculine nominative singular)
solnaja (feminine nominative singular)
solnoje (neuter nominative singular)
solnajego (genitive masculine singular)
solnyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
solnajego (genitive neuter singular)
solnujemu (dative masculine singular)
solněji (dative feminine singular)
solnujemu (dative neuter singular)
solnъjь (accusative masculine singular)
solnǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
solnoje (accusative neuter singular)
solnyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
solnǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
solnyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
solnějemь (locative masculine singular)
solněji (feminine locative singular)
solnějemь (locative neuter singular)
solnъjь (masculine singular vocative)
solnaja (feminine singular vocative)
solnoje (neuter singular vocative)
solnaja (dual masculine nominative)
solněji (dual feminine nominative)
solněji (dual neuter nominative)
solnuju (dual genitive masculine)
solnuju (dual feminine genitive)
solnuju (dual genitive neuter)
solnyjima (dative dual masculine)
solnyjima (dative dual feminine)
solnyjima (dative dual neuter)
solnaja (accusative dual masculine)
solněji (accusative dual feminine)
solněji (accusative dual neuter)
solnyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
solnyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
solnyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
solnuju (dual locative masculine)
solnuju (dual feminine locative)
solnuju (dual locative neuter)
solnaja (dual masculine vocative)
solněji (dual feminine vocative)
solněji (dual neuter vocative)
solniji (masculine nominative plural)
solnyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
solnaja (neuter nominative plural)
solnъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
solnъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
solnъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
solnyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
solnyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
solnyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
solnyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
solnyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
solnaja (accusative neuter plural)
solnyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
solnyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
solnyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
solnyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
solnyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
solnyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
solniji (masculine plural vocative)
solnyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
solnaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: солоныи (solonyi)

Russian: со́лоный (sólonyj) (dialectal) (standard: солёный (soljónyj))

Ukrainian: соло́ний (solónyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: сланъ (slanŭ)

Bulgarian: слан (slan) (dialectal) (standard: соле́н (solén))

Macedonian: слан (slan)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сла̑н

Latin script: slȃn

Slovene: slȃn (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: slaný

Czech: slaný

Polabian: slånĕ

Polish: słony

Slovak: slaný

Lower Sorbian: solony, słony

Upper Sorbian: sólny


ťuďь

ťȗďь (canonical)
ťuďь (masculine nominative singular)
ťuďa (feminine nominative singular)
ťuďe (neuter nominative singular)
ťuďa (genitive masculine singular)
ťuďę̇ (feminine genitive singular)
ťuďa (genitive neuter singular)
ťuďu (dative masculine singular)
ťuďi (dative feminine singular)
ťuďu (dative neuter singular)
ťuďь (accusative masculine singular)
ťuďǫ (accusative feminine singular)
ťuďe (accusative neuter singular)
ťuďemь (instrumental masculine singular)
ťuďejǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
ťuďemь (instrumental neuter singular)
ťuďi (locative masculine singular)
ťuďi (feminine locative singular)
ťuďi (locative neuter singular)
ťuďu (masculine singular vocative)
ťuďe (feminine singular vocative)
ťuďe (neuter singular vocative)
ťuďa (dual masculine nominative)
ťuďi (dual feminine nominative)
ťuďi (dual neuter nominative)
ťuďu (dual genitive masculine)
ťuďu (dual feminine genitive)
ťuďu (dual genitive neuter)
ťuďema (dative dual masculine)
ťuďama (dative dual feminine)
ťuďema (dative dual neuter)
ťuďa (accusative dual masculine)
ťuďi (accusative dual feminine)
ťuďi (accusative dual neuter)
ťuďema (dual instrumental masculine)
ťuďama (dual feminine instrumental)
ťuďema (dual instrumental neuter)
ťuďu (dual locative masculine)
ťuďu (dual feminine locative)
ťuďu (dual locative neuter)
ťuďa (dual masculine vocative)
ťuďi (dual feminine vocative)
ťuďi (dual neuter vocative)
ťuďi (masculine nominative plural)
ťuďę̇ (feminine nominative plural)
ťuďa (neuter nominative plural)
ťuďь (genitive masculine plural)
ťuďь (feminine genitive plural)
ťuďь (genitive neuter plural)
ťuďemъ (dative masculine plural)
ťuďamъ (dative feminine plural)
ťuďemъ (dative neuter plural)
ťuďę̇ (accusative masculine plural)
ťuďę̇ (accusative feminine plural)
ťuďa (accusative neuter plural)
ťuďi (instrumental masculine plural)
ťuďami (feminine instrumental plural)
ťuďi (instrumental neuter plural)
ťuďixъ (locative masculine plural)
ťuďaxъ (feminine locative plural)
ťuďixъ (locative neuter plural)
ťuďi (masculine plural vocative)
ťuďę̇ (feminine plural vocative)
ťuďa (neuter plural vocative)
ťuďьjь (masculine nominative singular)
ťuďaja (feminine nominative singular)
ťuďeje (neuter nominative singular)
ťuďajego (genitive masculine singular)
ťuďę̇ję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
ťuďajego (genitive neuter singular)
ťuďujemu (dative masculine singular)
ťuďiji (dative feminine singular)
ťuďujemu (dative neuter singular)
ťuďьjь (accusative masculine singular)
ťuďǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
ťuďeje (accusative neuter singular)
ťuďijimь (instrumental masculine singular)
ťuďǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
ťuďijimь (instrumental neuter singular)
ťuďijemь (locative masculine singular)
ťuďiji (feminine locative singular)
ťuďijemь (locative neuter singular)
ťuďьjь (masculine singular vocative)
ťuďaja (feminine singular vocative)
ťuďeje (neuter singular vocative)
ťuďaja (dual masculine nominative)
ťuďiji (dual feminine nominative)
ťuďiji (dual neuter nominative)
ťuďuju (dual genitive masculine)
ťuďuju (dual feminine genitive)
ťuďuju (dual genitive neuter)
ťuďijima (dative dual masculine)
ťuďijima (dative dual feminine)
ťuďijima (dative dual neuter)
ťuďaja (accusative dual masculine)
ťuďiji (accusative dual feminine)
ťuďiji (accusative dual neuter)
ťuďijima (dual instrumental masculine)
ťuďijima (dual feminine instrumental)
ťuďijima (dual instrumental neuter)
ťuďuju (dual locative masculine)
ťuďuju (dual feminine locative)
ťuďuju (dual locative neuter)
ťuďaja (dual masculine vocative)
ťuďiji (dual feminine vocative)
ťuďiji (dual neuter vocative)
ťuďiji (masculine nominative plural)
ťuďę̇ję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
ťuďaja (neuter nominative plural)
ťuďьjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
ťuďьjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
ťuďьjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
ťuďijimъ (dative masculine plural)
ťuďijimъ (dative feminine plural)
ťuďijimъ (dative neuter plural)
ťuďę̇ję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
ťuďę̇ję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
ťuďaja (accusative neuter plural)
ťuďijimi (instrumental masculine plural)
ťuďijimi (feminine instrumental plural)
ťuďijimi (instrumental neuter plural)
ťuďijixъ (locative masculine plural)
ťuďijixъ (feminine locative plural)
ťuďijixъ (locative neuter plural)
ťuďiji (masculine plural vocative)
ťuďę̇ję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
ťuďaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: чужы́ (čužý)

Russian: чужо́й (čužój)

Carpathian Rusyn: чуджи́й (čudžýj)

Ukrainian: чужи́й (čužýj)

Old Novgorodian: цюжь (ćjužĭ)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: щоуждь (štuždĭ), тоуждь (tuždĭ), стоуждь (stuždĭ)

Church Slavonic: чуждь (čuždĭ) (Serbian)

Bulgarian: чужд (čužd), чузд (čuzd)

→ Russian: чу́ждый (čúždyj)

Macedonian: туѓ (tuǵ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ту̏ђ

Latin script: tȕđ

Slovene: túj

West Slavic:

Kashubian: cëzy

Old Czech: cuzí

Czech: cizí

Polabian: ceudzi

desctree

Old Polish: cudzy, cudz
Polish: cudzy
Silesian: cudzy

Old Slovak: cidzí, cudzí, cizí, cuzí

Pannonian Rusyn: цудзи (cudzi)

Slovak: cudzí

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: cuzy

Lower Sorbian: cuzy

From *ťudь (“foreign people”) + *-jь (attested in Old East Slavic чудь (čudĭ, “Chud people”), an exonym for Baltic Finns), from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂ (“people”) via:
* Gothic 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰 (þiuda, “people”), from Proto-Germanic *þeudō, or
* Fluctuation/dissimilation of *ťut- (compare Slavic *tvьrdъ : Lithuanian tvi̇̀rtas)
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian tautà (“people”), Latvian tàuta (“people”), tauto (“people”). Probably also cognate with Hungarian tót (“Slavic person (Slovak, Croat)”).
For the meaning compare *ľudьskъ (“foreign”) (< *ľudъ/*ľudь (“people”)), Polish obcy (“unfamiliar”) (< *obьťь (“common”)) and also Tocharian A lyutan (“loca externa”)


čьrvenъ

čьrvenъ (masculine nominative singular)
čьrvena (feminine nominative singular)
čьrveno (neuter nominative singular)
čьrvena (genitive masculine singular)
čьrveny (feminine genitive singular)
čьrvena (genitive neuter singular)
čьrvenu (dative masculine singular)
čьrveně (dative feminine singular)
čьrvenu (dative neuter singular)
čьrvenъ (accusative masculine singular)
čьrvenǫ (accusative feminine singular)
čьrveno (accusative neuter singular)
čьrvenomь (instrumental masculine singular)
čьrvenojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
čьrvenomь (instrumental neuter singular)
čьrveně (locative masculine singular)
čьrveně (feminine locative singular)
čьrveně (locative neuter singular)
čьrvene (masculine singular vocative)
čьrveno (feminine singular vocative)
čьrveno (neuter singular vocative)
čьrvena (dual masculine nominative)
čьrveně (dual feminine nominative)
čьrveně (dual neuter nominative)
čьrvenu (dual genitive masculine)
čьrvenu (dual feminine genitive)
čьrvenu (dual genitive neuter)
čьrvenoma (dative dual masculine)
čьrvenama (dative dual feminine)
čьrvenoma (dative dual neuter)
čьrvena (accusative dual masculine)
čьrveně (accusative dual feminine)
čьrveně (accusative dual neuter)
čьrvenoma (dual instrumental masculine)
čьrvenama (dual feminine instrumental)
čьrvenoma (dual instrumental neuter)
čьrvenu (dual locative masculine)
čьrvenu (dual feminine locative)
čьrvenu (dual locative neuter)
čьrvena (dual masculine vocative)
čьrveně (dual feminine vocative)
čьrveně (dual neuter vocative)
čьrveni (masculine nominative plural)
čьrveny (feminine nominative plural)
čьrvena (neuter nominative plural)
čьrvenъ (genitive masculine plural)
čьrvenъ (feminine genitive plural)
čьrvenъ (genitive neuter plural)
čьrvenomъ (dative masculine plural)
čьrvenamъ (dative feminine plural)
čьrvenomъ (dative neuter plural)
čьrveny (accusative masculine plural)
čьrveny (accusative feminine plural)
čьrvena (accusative neuter plural)
čьrveny (instrumental masculine plural)
čьrvenami (feminine instrumental plural)
čьrveny (instrumental neuter plural)
čьrveněxъ (locative masculine plural)
čьrvenaxъ (feminine locative plural)
čьrveněxъ (locative neuter plural)
čьrveni (masculine plural vocative)
čьrveny (feminine plural vocative)
čьrvena (neuter plural vocative)
čьrvenъjь (masculine nominative singular)
čьrvenaja (feminine nominative singular)
čьrvenoje (neuter nominative singular)
čьrvenajego (genitive masculine singular)
čьrvenyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
čьrvenajego (genitive neuter singular)
čьrvenujemu (dative masculine singular)
čьrveněji (dative feminine singular)
čьrvenujemu (dative neuter singular)
čьrvenъjь (accusative masculine singular)
čьrvenǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
čьrvenoje (accusative neuter singular)
čьrvenyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
čьrvenǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
čьrvenyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
čьrvenějemь (locative masculine singular)
čьrveněji (feminine locative singular)
čьrvenějemь (locative neuter singular)
čьrvenъjь (masculine singular vocative)
čьrvenaja (feminine singular vocative)
čьrvenoje (neuter singular vocative)
čьrvenaja (dual masculine nominative)
čьrveněji (dual feminine nominative)
čьrveněji (dual neuter nominative)
čьrvenuju (dual genitive masculine)
čьrvenuju (dual feminine genitive)
čьrvenuju (dual genitive neuter)
čьrvenyjima (dative dual masculine)
čьrvenyjima (dative dual feminine)
čьrvenyjima (dative dual neuter)
čьrvenaja (accusative dual masculine)
čьrveněji (accusative dual feminine)
čьrveněji (accusative dual neuter)
čьrvenyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
čьrvenyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
čьrvenyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
čьrvenuju (dual locative masculine)
čьrvenuju (dual feminine locative)
čьrvenuju (dual locative neuter)
čьrvenaja (dual masculine vocative)
čьrveněji (dual feminine vocative)
čьrveněji (dual neuter vocative)
čьrveniji (masculine nominative plural)
čьrvenyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
čьrvenaja (neuter nominative plural)
čьrvenъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
čьrvenъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
čьrvenъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
čьrvenyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
čьrvenyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
čьrvenyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
čьrvenyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
čьrvenyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
čьrvenaja (accusative neuter plural)
čьrvenyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
čьrvenyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
čьrvenyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
čьrvenyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
čьrvenyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
čьrvenyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
čьrveniji (masculine plural vocative)
čьrvenyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
čьrvenaja (neuter plural vocative)
*čьrvľenъ (alternative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: чырво́ны (čyrvóny)

Russian: червлёный (červljónyj), черво́нный (červónnyj)

Carpathian Rusyn: червеный (červenŷj)

Ukrainian: черво́ний (červónyj)

desc

Old Novgorodian: цьрлѥне (ćĭrljene), цьрьлѥне (ćĭrĭljene)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: чрьвенъ (črĭvenŭ), чрьвлѥнъ (črĭvljenŭ)

Glagolitic: ⱍⱃⱐⰲⰵⱀⱏ (črĭvenŭ), ⱍⱃⱐⰲⰾⱑⱀⱏ (črĭvlěnŭ)

Bulgarian: черве́н (červén)

Macedonian: црвен (crven)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: цр̀вен

Latin script: cr̀ven

Slovene: črlèn

West Slavic:

Kashubian: czerwòny, czerwiony, czerzwiony

Old Czech: črvený

Czech: červený

Polabian: carvenĕ

desctree

Old Polish: czerwony, czyrwiony, czyrwony, czyrzwiony, czyrzwony
Polish: czerwony, cyrzwony (Western Lublin, Janów Lubelski County)
Silesian: czyrwōny, czerwōny, czerwiōny, czyrwiōny

Old Slovak: červený

Pannonian Rusyn: червени (červeni)

Slovak: červený

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: čerwjeny

Lower Sorbian: cerwjeny

Passive participle of *čьrviti (“to dye red”), from *čьrvь (“worm”), certain worms being used to manufacture red dye.


-tati

-tanьje (noun-from-verb)
-tati (infinitive)
-tatъ (supine)
-talъ (l-participle)
-tanъ (participle passive past)
-tajemъ (participle passive present)
-tavъ (active participle past)
-taję (active participle present)
-taxъ (aorist first-person singular)
-ta (aorist second-person singular)
-ta (aorist singular third-person)
-tajǫ (first-person present singular)
-taješi (present second-person singular)
-tajetь (present singular third-person)
-taxově (aorist dual first-person)
-tasta (aorist dual second-person)
-taste (aorist dual third-person)
-tajevě (dual first-person present)
-tajeta (dual present second-person)
-tajete (dual present third-person)
-taxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
-taste (aorist plural second-person)
-tašę (aorist plural third-person)
-tajemъ (first-person plural present)
-tajete (plural present second-person)
-tajǫtь (plural present third-person)
-taaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
-taaše (imperfect second-person singular)
-taaše (imperfect singular third-person)
-taji (imperative second-person singular)
-taji (imperative singular third-person)
-taaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
-taašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
-taašete (dual imperfect third-person)
-tajivě (dual first-person imperative)
-tajita (dual imperative second-person)
-taaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
-taašete (imperfect plural second-person)
-taaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
-tajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
-tajite (imperative plural second-person)
-tanьje (noun-from-verb)
-tati (infinitive)
-tatъ (supine)
-talъ (l-participle)
-tanъ (participle passive past)
-ťemъ (participle passive present)
-tavъ (active participle past)
-ťę (active participle present)
-taxъ (aorist first-person singular)
-ta (aorist second-person singular)
-ta (aorist singular third-person)
-ťǫ (first-person present singular)
-ťeši (present second-person singular)
-ťetь (present singular third-person)
-taxově (aorist dual first-person)
-tasta (aorist dual second-person)
-taste (aorist dual third-person)
-ťevě (dual first-person present)
-ťeta (dual present second-person)
-ťete (dual present third-person)
-taxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
-taste (aorist plural second-person)
-tašę (aorist plural third-person)
-ťemъ (first-person plural present)
-ťete (plural present second-person)
-ťǫtь (plural present third-person)
-taaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
-taaše (imperfect second-person singular)
-taaše (imperfect singular third-person)
-ťi (imperative second-person singular)
-ťi (imperative singular third-person)
-taaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
-taašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
-taašete (dual imperfect third-person)
-ťivě (dual first-person imperative)
-ťita (dual imperative second-person)
-taaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
-taašete (imperfect plural second-person)
-taaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
-ťimъ (first-person imperative plural)
-ťite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: -тати (-tati)

Belarusian: -таць (-tacʹ)

Russian: -тать (-tatʹ)

Ukrainian: -тати (-taty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: -тати (-tati)

Glagolitic script: -ⱅⰰⱅⰹ (-tati)

Bulgarian: -там (-tam)

Macedonian: -та (-ta)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -тати

Latin script: -tati

Slovene: -tati

West Slavic:

Czech: -tat

Polish: -tać

Slovak: -tať

Slovincian: *-tac

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: -tać

Upper Sorbian: -taś

Form from t-participles or expressive roots ending in -t- with the factive conjugation *-ati or with the emphatic *-jeti (regularly mixed with a-conjugation in aorist and infinitive). Similar to Proto-Slavic *-pati, Proto-Slavic *-kati.

klokotъ (“rumble”) → *klokotati (“to rumble, to gurgle”) (a/j-conjugation)

groxotъ (“rattle, din”) → *groxotati (“to crash, to rumble”) (a/j-conjugation)

ščьbьtъ (“chirp”) → *ščьbьtati (“to twitter, to chirp”) (a/j-conjugation)

šьpъtъ (“whisper”) → *šьpъtati (“to whisper”) (a/j-conjugation)

rъpъtъ (“grumble, growl”) → *rъpъtati (“to murmur, to complain”)

botъ (“slap, hit”) → *botati (“to hammer, to slash”)

Creates onomatopoeic verbs from onomatopoeic nouns in Proto-Slavic *-otъ, Proto-Slavic *-ъtъ, or Proto-Slavic *-ьtъ:

Pre-Slavic *orti (“to plow”) → *ortъ → *ortati (“to serve, to struggle with work”)

biti (“to beat”) → *bitъ → *bitati (“to manage, to handle a device”)

orbъ (“slave, worker”) → *orbota (“work, labor”) → *orbotati (“to work”)

kľuti (“to peck”) → *kleveta (“slander”) → *klevetati (“to dream, to hope for”) (a/j-conjugation)

Creates iterative verbs from t-participles or action nouns in Proto-Slavic *-ota:

xodъ (“move, gait”) → *xodatati (“to mediate, to transmit”)

golsъ (“voice”) → *golšatati (“to announce, to proclaim”)

mikъ (“slash”) → *mьčьta (“daydream, hope”) → *mьčьtati (“to dream, to hope for”)


pьrvъ

pь̀rvъ (canonical)
pьrvъ (masculine nominative singular)
pьrva (feminine nominative singular)
pьrvo (neuter nominative singular)
pьrva (genitive masculine singular)
pьrvy (feminine genitive singular)
pьrva (genitive neuter singular)
pьrvu (dative masculine singular)
pьrvě (dative feminine singular)
pьrvu (dative neuter singular)
pьrvъ (accusative masculine singular)
pьrvǫ (accusative feminine singular)
pьrvo (accusative neuter singular)
pьrvomь (instrumental masculine singular)
pьrvojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
pьrvomь (instrumental neuter singular)
pьrvě (locative masculine singular)
pьrvě (feminine locative singular)
pьrvě (locative neuter singular)
pьrve (masculine singular vocative)
pьrvo (feminine singular vocative)
pьrvo (neuter singular vocative)
pьrva (dual masculine nominative)
pьrvě (dual feminine nominative)
pьrvě (dual neuter nominative)
pьrvu (dual genitive masculine)
pьrvu (dual feminine genitive)
pьrvu (dual genitive neuter)
pьrvoma (dative dual masculine)
pьrvama (dative dual feminine)
pьrvoma (dative dual neuter)
pьrva (accusative dual masculine)
pьrvě (accusative dual feminine)
pьrvě (accusative dual neuter)
pьrvoma (dual instrumental masculine)
pьrvama (dual feminine instrumental)
pьrvoma (dual instrumental neuter)
pьrvu (dual locative masculine)
pьrvu (dual feminine locative)
pьrvu (dual locative neuter)
pьrva (dual masculine vocative)
pьrvě (dual feminine vocative)
pьrvě (dual neuter vocative)
pьrvi (masculine nominative plural)
pьrvy (feminine nominative plural)
pьrva (neuter nominative plural)
pьrvъ (genitive masculine plural)
pьrvъ (feminine genitive plural)
pьrvъ (genitive neuter plural)
pьrvomъ (dative masculine plural)
pьrvamъ (dative feminine plural)
pьrvomъ (dative neuter plural)
pьrvy (accusative masculine plural)
pьrvy (accusative feminine plural)
pьrva (accusative neuter plural)
pьrvy (instrumental masculine plural)
pьrvami (feminine instrumental plural)
pьrvy (instrumental neuter plural)
pьrvěxъ (locative masculine plural)
pьrvaxъ (feminine locative plural)
pьrvěxъ (locative neuter plural)
pьrvi (masculine plural vocative)
pьrvy (feminine plural vocative)
pьrva (neuter plural vocative)
pьrvъjь (masculine nominative singular)
pьrvaja (feminine nominative singular)
pьrvoje (neuter nominative singular)
pьrvajego (genitive masculine singular)
pьrvyję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
pьrvajego (genitive neuter singular)
pьrvujemu (dative masculine singular)
pьrvěji (dative feminine singular)
pьrvujemu (dative neuter singular)
pьrvъjь (accusative masculine singular)
pьrvǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
pьrvoje (accusative neuter singular)
pьrvyjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
pьrvǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
pьrvyjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
pьrvějemь (locative masculine singular)
pьrvěji (feminine locative singular)
pьrvějemь (locative neuter singular)
pьrvъjь (masculine singular vocative)
pьrvaja (feminine singular vocative)
pьrvoje (neuter singular vocative)
pьrvaja (dual masculine nominative)
pьrvěji (dual feminine nominative)
pьrvěji (dual neuter nominative)
pьrvuju (dual genitive masculine)
pьrvuju (dual feminine genitive)
pьrvuju (dual genitive neuter)
pьrvyjima (dative dual masculine)
pьrvyjima (dative dual feminine)
pьrvyjima (dative dual neuter)
pьrvaja (accusative dual masculine)
pьrvěji (accusative dual feminine)
pьrvěji (accusative dual neuter)
pьrvyjima (dual instrumental masculine)
pьrvyjima (dual feminine instrumental)
pьrvyjima (dual instrumental neuter)
pьrvuju (dual locative masculine)
pьrvuju (dual feminine locative)
pьrvuju (dual locative neuter)
pьrvaja (dual masculine vocative)
pьrvěji (dual feminine vocative)
pьrvěji (dual neuter vocative)
pьrviji (masculine nominative plural)
pьrvyję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
pьrvaja (neuter nominative plural)
pьrvъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
pьrvъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
pьrvъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
pьrvyjimъ (dative masculine plural)
pьrvyjimъ (dative feminine plural)
pьrvyjimъ (dative neuter plural)
pьrvyję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
pьrvyję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
pьrvaja (accusative neuter plural)
pьrvyjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
pьrvyjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
pьrvyjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
pьrvyjixъ (locative masculine plural)
pьrvyjixъ (feminine locative plural)
pьrvyjixъ (locative neuter plural)
pьrviji (masculine plural vocative)
pьrvyję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
pьrvaja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: пь́рвꙑи (pĭ́rvyi), пе́рвꙑи (pérvyi)

Old Ruthenian: пе́рвый (pérvyj)

Belarusian: пе́рвы (pjérvy)

Carpathian Rusyn: пе́рвый (pérvŷj)

Ukrainian: пе́рвий (pérvyj)

desctree

Russian: пе́рвый (pérvyj), перво́й (pervój) — archaic, obsolete
→ Kildin Sami: пе̄рвэ (pierve)
→ Yakut: пиэрибэй (pieribey)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: прьвъ (prĭvŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⱃⱐⰲⱏ (prĭvŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пр̑вӣ

Latin script: pȓvī

Slovene: pȓvi (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: prvý

Czech: prvý

Old Polish: pierwy
⇒ Polish: (with addition of the comparative ending -szy) pierwszy, pierwy, pirwszy, najpierwszy, najpirwszy, napierwszy, napirwszy, pierszy, najpierszy, najpirszy, napierszy, napir (Middle Polish), piersy (Near Masovian), pirszy (Middle Polish, Przemyśl)
→ Belarusian: пе́ршы (pjéršy)
→ Ukrainian: пе́рший (péršyj)
Silesian: piyrszy

Old Slovak: prvý, prvší, pervší

Pannonian Rusyn: перши (perši)

Slovak: prvý

Polabian: parĕ

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: piérwi

Slovincian: pjêrszy

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: pjerwy

Lower Sorbian: pjerwy

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pírˀwas, from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂wós.
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian pi̇̀rmas (“first; primary”), Latvian pìrmaĩs, Old Prussian pirmas (“first”).
Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit पूर्व (pū́rva, “foremost, first, previous”), Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬬𐬀 (paurva), 𐬞𐬀𐬊𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬫𐬀 (paoᵘruya), 𐬞𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬭𐬫𐬀 (paoirya, “first”), Old Persian [Term?] (/paruva-/), Albanian parë (“first”), Tocharian A pärwat, Tocharian B parwe, Old English forwost (“first, (ring)leader”).


kǫťa

kǫťa (nominative singular)
kǫťi (dual nominative)
kǫťę̇ (nominative plural)
kǫťę̇ (genitive singular)
kǫťu (dual genitive)
kǫťь (genitive plural)
kǫťi (dative singular)
kǫťama (dative dual)
kǫťamъ (dative plural)
kǫťǫ (accusative singular)
kǫťi (accusative dual)
kǫťę̇ (accusative plural)
kǫťejǫ (instrumental singular)
kǫťǫ (instrumental singular)
kǫťama (dual instrumental)
kǫťami (instrumental plural)
kǫťi (locative singular)
kǫťu (dual locative)
kǫťasъ (locative plural)
kǫťaxъ (locative plural)
kǫťe (singular vocative)
kǫťi (dual vocative)
kǫťę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: кꙋча (kuča, “hut, dwelling”)

Russian: ку́ча (kúča, “hut covered with dirt”) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: ку́ча (kúča)

⇒ Belarusian: ку́чка (kúčka) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: кѫща (kǫšta)

Glagolitic: ⰽⱘⱋⰰ (kǫšta)

Bulgarian: къ́ща (kǎ́šta)

Macedonian: ку́ќа (kúḱa)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ку̏ћа

Latin script: kȕća

Slovene: koča

West Slavic:

Czech: kuča (dialectal, possibly from Ukrainian via Polish)

Polish: kuczka (possibly from Ukrainian)

Slovak: kučka (dialectal)

Of obscure origin. Usually listed as an exclusive South Slavic isogloss, with possible sporadic appearance in East Slavic, which is however disputed by Vasmer. It may be a cognate of Sogdian 𐫞𐫗𐫕 (qnθ /kand/, “city”), Khotanese [script needed] (kanthā, “city”) and Ossetian (Iron dialect) кӕнд (kænd, “building”).

unk

obscure


kǫtъ

kǫ̃tъ (canonical masculine)
kǫ̃tъ (nominative singular)
kǭtà (dual nominative)
kǭtì (nominative plural)
kǭtà (genitive singular)
kǭtù (dual genitive)
kǫ̃tъ (genitive plural)
kǭtù (dative singular)
kǭtòma (dative dual)
kǭtòmъ (dative plural)
kǫ̃tъ (accusative singular)
kǭtà (accusative dual)
kǭtỳ (accusative plural)
kǭtъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
kǭtòmь (instrumental singular)
kǭtòma (dual instrumental)
kǫ̃ty (instrumental plural)
kǭtě̀ (locative singular)
kǭtù (dual locative)
kǫ̃těxъ (locative plural)
kǫte (singular vocative)
kǭtà (dual vocative)
kǭtì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: кут (kut)

Russian: кут (kut) (dialectal)

Carpathian Rusyn: кут (kut)

Ukrainian: кут (kut)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: кѫтъ (kǫtŭ)

Glagolitic: ⰽⱘⱅⱏ (kǫtŭ)

Bulgarian: кът (kǎt), кънт (kǎnt) (dialectal)

Macedonian: кат (kat)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ку̑т

Latin script: kȗt

Slovene: kọ́t (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kút
Czech: kout

desctree

Old Polish: kąt
Polish: kąt
Silesian: kōnt

Old Slovak: kút

Pannonian Rusyn: кут (kut)

Slovak: kút

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: kąt

Slovincian: kõt

→? Albanian: kënd

Per Derksen 2008, cognate with Lithuanian kam̃pas (“corner”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kamptas, from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂em- (“to curve, bend”)
Has been further compared with Ancient Greek κανθός (kanthós, “eye's corner”) (phonetically problematic), Proto-Celtic *kantos (“edge”).


duxъ

dȗxъ (canonical masculine)
dȗxъ (nominative singular)
dȗxa (dual nominative)
dȗśi (nominative plural)
dȗxa (genitive singular)
duxù (dual genitive)
dũxъ (genitive plural)
dȗxu (dative singular)
duxomà (dative dual)
duxòmъ (dative plural)
dȗxъ (accusative singular)
dȗxa (accusative dual)
dȗxy (accusative plural)
dȗxъmь (instrumental singular)
dȗxomь (instrumental singular)
duxomà (dual instrumental)
duxý (instrumental plural)
dȗśě (locative singular)
duxù (dual locative)
duśě̃xъ (locative plural)
duše (singular vocative)
dȗxa (dual vocative)
dȗśi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: духъ (duxŭ, “air”)

Belarusian: дух (dux)

Russian: дух (dux)

Carpathian Rusyn: дух (dux)

Ukrainian: дух (dux)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: доухъ (duxŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰴⱆⱈⱏ (duxŭ)

Bulgarian: дух (duh)

Macedonian: дух (duh)

Serbo-Croatian: dȕh, ду̏х

Slovene: dȗh (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: duch

Czech: duch

Bohemian (Chod dialect): duch

Kashubian: dëch

Polish: duch

Slovak: duch

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: duch

Lower Sorbian: duch

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: doh

→ Romanian: duh

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dausas, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰews-, variant of *dʰwes-. Cognate with Lithuanian daũsos f pl (“air”), Proto-Germanic *deuzą (“animal”).

aerial, spiritual; with high spirit; cleric; spirituality

duxovъ*duxovitъ ()*duxovьnikъ ()*duxovьnostь ()

bezъ ducha byti

jьspustiti/vypustiti ducha

breath (especially as manifestation of the life)

zъlъ duxъ


bresti

brestì (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
bredenьje (noun-from-verb)
bresti (infinitive)
brestъ (supine)
bredlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
bredenъ (participle passive past)
bredomъ (participle passive present)
bredъ (active participle past)
bredy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
bredъ (aorist first-person singular)
bredoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
brede (aorist second-person singular)
brede (aorist singular third-person)
bredǫ (first-person present singular)
bredeši (present second-person singular)
bredetь (present singular third-person)
bredově (aorist dual first-person)
bredoxově (aorist dual first-person)
bredeta (aorist dual second-person)
bredosta (aorist dual second-person)
bredete (aorist dual third-person)
bredoste (aorist dual third-person)
bredevě (dual first-person present)
bredeta (dual present second-person)
bredete (dual present third-person)
bredomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bredoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bredete (aorist plural second-person)
bredoste (aorist plural second-person)
bredǫ (aorist plural third-person)
bredošę (aorist plural third-person)
bredemъ (first-person plural present)
bredete (plural present second-person)
bredǫtь (plural present third-person)
breděaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
breděaše (imperfect second-person singular)
breděaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bredi (imperative second-person singular)
bredi (imperative singular third-person)
breděaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
breděašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
breděašete (dual imperfect third-person)
breděvě (dual first-person imperative)
breděta (dual imperative second-person)
breděaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
breděašete (imperfect plural second-person)
breděaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
breděmъ (first-person imperative plural)
breděte (imperative plural second-person)

Church Slavonic: брести (bresti) (Russian)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: брести (bresti)

Belarusian: брысци́ (bryscí) (colloquial)

Russian: брести́ (brestí)

Ukrainian: брести́ (brestý)

South Slavic:

⇒ Bulgarian: бре́цам (brécam) (+ *-ьcati)

Slovene: brésti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: břísti

Polabian: bradĕ (3sg.)

Slovak: bŕsť

Slovincian: brësc

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *brestei, cognate with Lithuanian bri̇̀sti (“to wade”), 1sg. brendù (Eastern dialectal bredù), 3sg. breñda, 3sg. past bri̇̀do, Latvian brist (“to wade”), as well as Albanian bredh (“to jump, to hop”). Trubachev (ESSJa) adds Tocharian B preściye (“mud, dirt”) and Thracian βρεδα- (breda-) (found only in toponyms). None of the languages outside Balto-Slavic clearly indicate whether the PIE root had *-d- or *-dʰ-, but *-dʰ- is required in Balto-Slavic if Winter's law applies, since the preceding vowel was not lengthened. Accordingly, Derksen reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *bʰredʰ- (*bʰ- rather than *b- can be assumed because initial *b- was rare or nonexistent in Proto-Indo-European).


dьrati

dьràti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
dьranьje (noun-from-verb)
dьrati (infinitive)
dьratъ (supine)
dьralъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
dьranъ (participle passive past)
deromъ (participle passive present)
dьravъ (active participle past)
dery (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
dьraxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dьra (aorist second-person singular)
dьra (aorist singular third-person)
derǫ (first-person present singular)
dereši (present second-person singular)
deretь (present singular third-person)
dьraxově (aorist dual first-person)
dьrasta (aorist dual second-person)
dьraste (aorist dual third-person)
derevě (dual first-person present)
dereta (dual present second-person)
derete (dual present third-person)
dьraxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dьraste (aorist plural second-person)
dьrašę (aorist plural third-person)
deremъ (first-person plural present)
derete (plural present second-person)
derǫtь (plural present third-person)
dьraaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dьraaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dьraaše (imperfect singular third-person)
deri (imperative second-person singular)
deri (imperative singular third-person)
dьraaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dьraašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dьraašete (dual imperfect third-person)
derěvě (dual first-person imperative)
derěta (dual imperative second-person)
dьraaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dьraašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dьraaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
derěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
derěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дра́ти (dráti)

Belarusian: дра́ць (drácʹ)

Russian: дра́ть (drátʹ)

Ukrainian: дра́ти (dráty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: дьрати (dĭrati)

Bulgarian: дера́ (derá)

Macedonian: дере (dere)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дра̏ти, дѐрати

Latin: drȁti, dèrati

Slovene: dẹ̑rati (tonal orthography) (obsolete)

West Slavic:

Czech: drát

Polabian: derĕ (3sg.)

Old Polish: drać

Slovak: drať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: draś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dírāˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *derH- (“to split, to separate; to tear, to crack, to shatter”), reanalyzed form of an earlier *dertì.


lěto

lě̀to (canonical neuter)
lě̀to (nominative singular)
lě̀tě (dual nominative)
lě̀ta (nominative plural)
lě̀ta (genitive singular)
lě̀tu (dual genitive)
lě̀tъ (genitive plural)
lě̀tu (dative singular)
lě̀toma (dative dual)
lě̀tomъ (dative plural)
lě̀to (accusative singular)
lě̀tě (accusative dual)
lě̀ta (accusative plural)
lě̀tъmь (instrumental singular)
lě̀tomь (instrumental singular)
lě̀toma (dual instrumental)
lě̀tȳ (instrumental plural)
lě̀tě (locative singular)
lě̀tu (dual locative)
lě̀tě̄xъ (locative plural)
lě̀to (singular vocative)
lě̀tě (dual vocative)
lě̀ta (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: лѣто (lěto)

Old Ruthenian: лѣто (lěto)

Belarusian: ле́та (ljéta)

Carpathian Rusyn: лї́то (ljíto)

Ukrainian: лі́то (líto)

desc

Russian: ле́то (léto), ле́та (léta, “year (only)”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: лѣто (lěto)

Glagolitic script: ⰾⱑⱅⱁ (lěto)

Bulgarian: ля́то (ljáto)

Macedonian: лето (leto)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ле̏то, ље̏то

Latin script: lȅto, ljȅto

Slovene: lẹ́to (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: léto

Czech: léto

Knaanic: לֵיטוֹ (léto)

Polabian: ľotü

Old Polish: lato

Polish: lato

Silesian: lato

Old Slovak: leto

Pannonian Rusyn: лєто (ljeto)

Slovak: leto

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: lato

Slovincian: latô

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: lěto, lěćo

Lower Sorbian: lěto, lěśe

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: leat

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *laita, from Proto-Indo-European *leh₁tóm, *loyt- (“warm part of the year”). Cognate with Old Irish laithe n (“day”), Swedish låding, lådig (“spring”).


viděti

vìděti (canonical)
a (accent-paradigm)
viděnьje (noun-from-verb)
viděti (infinitive)
vidětъ (supine)
vidělъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
viděnъ (participle passive past)
vidimъ (participle passive present)
viděvъ (active participle past)
vidę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
viděxъ (aorist first-person singular)
vidě (aorist second-person singular)
vidě (aorist singular third-person)
viďǫ (first-person present singular)
vidiši (present second-person singular)
viditь (present singular third-person)
viděxově (aorist dual first-person)
viděsta (aorist dual second-person)
viděste (aorist dual third-person)
vidivě (dual first-person present)
vidita (dual present second-person)
vidite (dual present third-person)
viděxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
viděste (aorist plural second-person)
viděšę (aorist plural third-person)
vidimъ (first-person plural present)
vidite (plural present second-person)
vidętь (plural present third-person)
viděaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
viděaše (imperfect second-person singular)
viděaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vidi (imperative second-person singular)
vidi (imperative singular third-person)
viděaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
viděašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
viděašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vidivě (dual first-person imperative)
vidita (dual imperative second-person)
viděaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
viděašete (imperfect plural second-person)
viděaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vidimъ (first-person imperative plural)
vidite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: видѣти (viděti)

Old Ruthenian: видѣти (viděti)

Belarusian: ві́дзець (vídzjecʹ) (dated, colloquial)

Carpathian Rusyn: відїти (vidjity)

Ukrainian: ви́діти (výdity) (dated)

Russian: ви́деть (vídetʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: видѣти (viděti)

Bulgarian: ви́дя (vídja)

Macedonian: ви́ди (vídi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ви̏дјети, ви̏дети

Latin: vȉdjeti, vȉdeti

Slovene: vídeti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: viděti
Czech: vidět

desctree

Old Polish: widzieć
Polish: widzieć, widzić (Żywiec)
Silesian: widzieć

desc

Old Slovak: videť, vidieť, vidiť, vidzeť

Pannonian Rusyn: видзиц (vidzic)

Slovak: vidieť

Polabian: vaidĕt

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: widzec

Slovincian: wjidzec

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wiźeś

Upper Sorbian: widźeć

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *weiˀdēˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to see”). Cognate with Latin videō (“to see”), Lithuanian veizdė́ti (“to look (for)”).


letěti

letě̀ti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
letěnьje (noun-from-verb)
letěti (infinitive)
letětъ (supine)
letělъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
letěvъ (active participle past)
letę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
letěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
letě (aorist second-person singular)
letě (aorist singular third-person)
leťǫ (first-person present singular)
letiši (present second-person singular)
letitь (present singular third-person)
letěxově (aorist dual first-person)
letěsta (aorist dual second-person)
letěste (aorist dual third-person)
letivě (dual first-person present)
letita (dual present second-person)
letite (dual present third-person)
letěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
letěste (aorist plural second-person)
letěšę (aorist plural third-person)
letimъ (first-person plural present)
letite (plural present second-person)
letętь (plural present third-person)
letěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
letěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
letěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
leti (imperative second-person singular)
leti (imperative singular third-person)
letěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
letěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
letěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
letivě (dual first-person imperative)
letita (dual imperative second-person)
letěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
letěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
letěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
letimъ (first-person imperative plural)
letite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ляце́ць (ljacjécʹ)

Russian: лете́ть (letétʹ)

Ukrainian: леті́ти (letíty)

Carpathian Rusyn: литїти (lytjity)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: летѣти (letěti)

Bulgarian: летя́ (letjá)

Macedonian: лета (leta)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: лѐтети, лѐтјети

Latin: lèteti, lètjeti

Slovene: letẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: letěti

Czech: letět

Old Polish: lecieć

Polish: lecieć, lejcić (Chełmno-Dobrzyń), loceć (Przemyśl)

Silesian: lecieć

Old Slovak: letieť

Pannonian Rusyn: лєциц (ljecic)

Slovak: letieť

Polabian: litĕ

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: lecec

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: leśeś

Upper Sorbian: lećeć

Formed as *letъ (“flight”) + *-ěti from Proto-Balto-Slavic *lekt-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lek-. Akin to Lithuanian lė̃kti (“to fly”), 3sg. lẽkia, Latvian lèkt (“to jump, (rarely) to fly”), 3sg. lec, Ancient Greek ληκάω (lēkáō, “to dance to music”), Middle High German lecken (“to hop”).


opsina

opsina (nominative singular)
opsině (dual nominative)
opsiny (nominative plural)
opsiny (genitive singular)
opsinu (dual genitive)
opsinъ (genitive plural)
opsině (dative singular)
opsinama (dative dual)
opsinamъ (dative plural)
opsinǫ (accusative singular)
opsině (accusative dual)
opsiny (accusative plural)
opsinojǫ (instrumental singular)
opsinǫ (instrumental singular)
opsinama (dual instrumental)
opsinami (instrumental plural)
opsině (locative singular)
opsinu (dual locative)
opsinasъ (locative plural)
opsinaxъ (locative plural)
opsino (singular vocative)
opsině (dual vocative)
opsiny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: осина (osina)

Old Ruthenian: оси́на (osína)

Belarusian: асі́на (asína)

Ukrainian: оси́на (osýna)

Russian: оси́на (osína)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: оси́на (osína), осина (osina) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Czech: osina

Kashubian: òsëna

Old Polish: osina

Polish: osina

Polabian: visaină

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wósуnа

Upper Sorbian: wosуnа

Oleg Trubachyov
ru:Журавлёв, Анатолий Фёдорович


jьskati

b (accent-paradigm)
jьskanьje (noun-from-verb)
jьskati (infinitive)
jьskatъ (supine)
jьskalъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
jьskanъ (participle passive past)
jьščemъ (participle passive present)
jьskavъ (active participle past)
jьščę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
jьskaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
jьska (aorist second-person singular)
jьska (aorist singular third-person)
jьščǫ (first-person present singular)
jьščeši (present second-person singular)
jьščetь (present singular third-person)
jьskaxově (aorist dual first-person)
jьskasta (aorist dual second-person)
jьskaste (aorist dual third-person)
jьščevě (dual first-person present)
jьščeta (dual present second-person)
jьščete (dual present third-person)
jьskaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
jьskaste (aorist plural second-person)
jьskašę (aorist plural third-person)
jьščemъ (first-person plural present)
jьščete (plural present second-person)
jьščǫtь (plural present third-person)
jьskaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
jьskaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
jьskaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
jьšči (imperative second-person singular)
jьšči (imperative singular third-person)
jьskaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
jьskaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
jьskaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
jьščivě (dual first-person imperative)
jьščita (dual imperative second-person)
jьskaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
jьskaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
jьskaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
jьščimъ (first-person imperative plural)
jьščite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: искати (iskati)

Russian: иска́ть (iskátʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: искати (yskaty), иськати (ysʹkaty), ськати (sʹkaty)

Ukrainian: иська́ти (ysʹkáty), ська́ти (sʹkáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: искати (iskati)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: и́скам (ískam)

Macedonian: иска (iska) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ѝскати, и́скати

Latin: ìskati, ískati

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: ískati, iskáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jískati

Czech: vískat, (dialectal) ískať

Kashubian: wiskac

Polish: iskać

Slovak: ískať

Slovincian: wjiskac

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *iskāˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂i-sḱé-ti, from *h₂eys- (“to wish, desire, want”). Cognate with Lithuanian ieškóti (“to look for”) (1sg. i̇́eškau), Latvian iẽskât (“to search for lice”), Sanskrit इच्छति (iccháti, “to long for, wish, to seek”), Avestan 𐬌𐬯𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (isaⁱti, “to seek”), Latin aeruscō (“to beg, to ask for”), Old High German eiscōn (“to investigate, to demand”), Old English āscian (“to ask”) (whence English ask), Old Armenian այց (aycʻ, “visit; search”), հայց (haycʻ, “demand, request; seeking”).


polmy

pòlmy (canonical masculine)
pòlmy (nominative singular)
pòlmeni (dual nominative)
pòlmene (nominative plural)
pòlmene (genitive singular)
pòlmenu (dual genitive)
pòlmenъ (genitive plural)
pòlmeni (dative singular)
pòlmenьma (dative dual)
pòlmenьmъ (dative plural)
pòlmenь (accusative singular)
pòlmeni (accusative dual)
pòlmeni (accusative plural)
pòlmenьmь (instrumental singular)
pòlmenьma (dual instrumental)
pòlmenьmī (instrumental plural)
pòlmene (locative singular)
pòlmenu (dual locative)
pòlmenьxъ (locative plural)
pòlmy (singular vocative)
pòlmeni (dual vocative)
pòlmene (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: поломѧ n (polomę)

Russian: по́ломя n (pólomja)

Ukrainian: полум'я n (polumʺja)

Old Novgorodian: полымѧ n (polymę)

→ Russian: по́лымя (pólymja)

→ Belarusian: по́лымя (pólymja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: пламꙑ (plamy)

desc

→ Russian: пла́мень (plámenʹ), пла́мя n (plámja)

→? Carpathian Rusyn: пламень (plamenʹ)

Bulgarian: пла́мък (plámǎk), пла́мен (plámen) (Western dialects), плам (plam) (poetic)

Macedonian: пла́мен (plámen), плам (plam) (poetic)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пла̏ме̄н, пла̑м (poetic)

Latin script: plȁmēn, plȃm (poetic)

Slovene: plámen (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: plamen

Czech: plamen

Kashubian: płom

Polish: płomień

Slovak: plameň

Pannonian Rusyn: пламень (plamenʹ)

Sorbian

Lower Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: płomjo

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *palmōns, from Proto-Indo-European *polh₁-men-, from *pelh₁- (“to burn; ash-gray”). Morphologically *pol- + *-my.
Cognate with Lithuanian pelenai̇̃ (“ashes”), plė́nis (“speck, fine ashes”), Latvian plẽne (“white ashes on coals”) and Old Prussian pelanne (“ashes”). See *paliti (“to burn”) for further potential cognates.


snъxa

snъxà (canonical feminine)
snъxà (nominative singular)
snъ̀śě (dual nominative)
snъxỳ (nominative plural)
snъxỳ (genitive singular)
snъxù (dual genitive)
snъ̀xъ (genitive plural)
snъśě̀ (dative singular)
snъxàma (dative dual)
snъxàmъ (dative plural)
snъxǫ̀ (accusative singular)
snъ̀śě (accusative dual)
snъxỳ (accusative plural)
snъxòjǫ (instrumental singular)
snъ̀xǫ (instrumental singular)
snъxàma (dual instrumental)
snъxàmī (instrumental plural)
snъśě̀ (locative singular)
snъxù (dual locative)
snъxàsъ (locative plural)
snъxàxъ (locative plural)
snъxo (singular vocative)
snъ̀śě (dual vocative)
snъxỳ (plural vocative)
snъxà (nominative singular)
snъ̏śě (dual nominative)
snъ̏xy (nominative plural)
snъxý (genitive singular)
snъxù (dual genitive)
snъ̀xъ (genitive plural)
snъśě̀ (dative singular)
snъxàma (dative dual)
snъxàmъ (dative plural)
snъ̏xǫ (accusative singular)
snъ̏śě (accusative dual)
snъ̏xy (accusative plural)
snъxojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
snъxàma (dual instrumental)
snъxàmi (instrumental plural)
snъ̏śě (locative singular)
snъxù (dual locative)
snъxàsъ (locative plural)
snъxàxъ (locative plural)
snъxo (singular vocative)
snъ̏śě (dual vocative)
snъ̏xy (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: снъха (snŭxa) (Serbian)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: снъха (snŭxa, “daughter-in-law”)

Belarusian: сныха́ (snyxá, “a lively girl”) (dialectal)

Russian: сноха́ (snoxá, “(father's) daughter-in-law”)

Old Novgorodian: снъха (snŭxa)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: снаха́ (snahá, “daughter-in-law, sister-in-law”)

Macedonian: сна́а (snáa)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сна̀ха, сна̀ја, сна́ша

Latin: snàha, snàja, snáša

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: snáha, snéha (“daughter-in-law, bride”) (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Polish: snecha (obsolete)

Kashubian: sënëcha

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *snušā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *snusós.

ętry

sister-in-law (husband's brother's wife)


mǫdrъ

mǫ̃drъ (canonical)
mǫdrъ (masculine nominative singular)
mǫdra (feminine nominative singular)
mǫdro (neuter nominative singular)
mǫdra (genitive masculine singular)
mǫdry (feminine genitive singular)
mǫdra (genitive neuter singular)
mǫdru (dative masculine singular)
mǫdrě (dative feminine singular)
mǫdru (dative neuter singular)
mǫdrъ (accusative masculine singular)
mǫdrǫ (accusative feminine singular)
mǫdro (accusative neuter singular)
mǫdromь (instrumental masculine singular)
mǫdrojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
mǫdromь (instrumental neuter singular)
mǫdrě (locative masculine singular)
mǫdrě (feminine locative singular)
mǫdrě (locative neuter singular)
mǫdre (masculine singular vocative)
mǫdro (feminine singular vocative)
mǫdro (neuter singular vocative)
mǫdra (dual masculine nominative)
mǫdrě (dual feminine nominative)
mǫdrě (dual neuter nominative)
mǫdru (dual genitive masculine)
mǫdru (dual feminine genitive)
mǫdru (dual genitive neuter)
mǫdroma (dative dual masculine)
mǫdrama (dative dual feminine)
mǫdroma (dative dual neuter)
mǫdra (accusative dual masculine)
mǫdrě (accusative dual feminine)
mǫdrě (accusative dual neuter)
mǫdroma (dual instrumental masculine)
mǫdrama (dual feminine instrumental)
mǫdroma (dual instrumental neuter)
mǫdru (dual locative masculine)
mǫdru (dual feminine locative)
mǫdru (dual locative neuter)
mǫdra (dual masculine vocative)
mǫdrě (dual feminine vocative)
mǫdrě (dual neuter vocative)
mǫdri (masculine nominative plural)
mǫdry (feminine nominative plural)
mǫdra (neuter nominative plural)
mǫdrъ (genitive masculine plural)
mǫdrъ (feminine genitive plural)
mǫdrъ (genitive neuter plural)
mǫdromъ (dative masculine plural)
mǫdramъ (dative feminine plural)
mǫdromъ (dative neuter plural)
mǫdry (accusative masculine plural)
mǫdry (accusative feminine plural)
mǫdra (accusative neuter plural)
mǫdry (instrumental masculine plural)
mǫdrami (feminine instrumental plural)
mǫdry (instrumental neuter plural)
mǫdrěxъ (locative masculine plural)
mǫdraxъ (feminine locative plural)
mǫdrěxъ (locative neuter plural)
mǫdri (masculine plural vocative)
mǫdry (feminine plural vocative)
mǫdra (neuter plural vocative)
mǫdrъjь (masculine nominative singular)
mǫdraja (feminine nominative singular)
mǫdroje (neuter nominative singular)
mǫdrajego (genitive masculine singular)
mǫdryję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
mǫdrajego (genitive neuter singular)
mǫdrujemu (dative masculine singular)
mǫdrěji (dative feminine singular)
mǫdrujemu (dative neuter singular)
mǫdrъjь (accusative masculine singular)
mǫdrǫjǫ (accusative feminine singular)
mǫdroje (accusative neuter singular)
mǫdryjimь (instrumental masculine singular)
mǫdrǫjǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
mǫdryjimь (instrumental neuter singular)
mǫdrějemь (locative masculine singular)
mǫdrěji (feminine locative singular)
mǫdrějemь (locative neuter singular)
mǫdrъjь (masculine singular vocative)
mǫdraja (feminine singular vocative)
mǫdroje (neuter singular vocative)
mǫdraja (dual masculine nominative)
mǫdrěji (dual feminine nominative)
mǫdrěji (dual neuter nominative)
mǫdruju (dual genitive masculine)
mǫdruju (dual feminine genitive)
mǫdruju (dual genitive neuter)
mǫdryjima (dative dual masculine)
mǫdryjima (dative dual feminine)
mǫdryjima (dative dual neuter)
mǫdraja (accusative dual masculine)
mǫdrěji (accusative dual feminine)
mǫdrěji (accusative dual neuter)
mǫdryjima (dual instrumental masculine)
mǫdryjima (dual feminine instrumental)
mǫdryjima (dual instrumental neuter)
mǫdruju (dual locative masculine)
mǫdruju (dual feminine locative)
mǫdruju (dual locative neuter)
mǫdraja (dual masculine vocative)
mǫdrěji (dual feminine vocative)
mǫdrěji (dual neuter vocative)
mǫdriji (masculine nominative plural)
mǫdryję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
mǫdraja (neuter nominative plural)
mǫdrъjixъ (genitive masculine plural)
mǫdrъjixъ (feminine genitive plural)
mǫdrъjixъ (genitive neuter plural)
mǫdryjimъ (dative masculine plural)
mǫdryjimъ (dative feminine plural)
mǫdryjimъ (dative neuter plural)
mǫdryję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
mǫdryję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
mǫdraja (accusative neuter plural)
mǫdryjimi (instrumental masculine plural)
mǫdryjimi (feminine instrumental plural)
mǫdryjimi (instrumental neuter plural)
mǫdryjixъ (locative masculine plural)
mǫdryjixъ (feminine locative plural)
mǫdryjixъ (locative neuter plural)
mǫdriji (masculine plural vocative)
mǫdryję̇ (feminine plural vocative)
mǫdraja (neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мудръ (mudrŭ)

Belarusian: му́дры (múdry)

Carpathian Rusyn: му́дрый (múdrŷj)

Russian: му́дрый (múdryj)

Ukrainian: мудрий (mudryj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мѫдръ (mǫdrŭ)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

desc

Bulgarian: мъ́дър (mǎ́dǎr), мъ́ндър (mǎ́ndǎr) (dialectal)

Macedonian: мудар (mudar)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: му́дар

Latin script: múdar

Slovene: mọ́dər (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: múdrý

Czech: moudrý

Polish: mądry

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: mądri

Slovincian: mõdri

Silesian: mōndry

Old Slovak: múdry

Pannonian Rusyn: мудри (mudri)

Slovak: múdry

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: mudry

Lower Sorbian: mudry

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: mândru

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *mandras, from Proto-Indo-European *mondʰh₁ros, from *men(s)dʰh₁- + *-rós, possibly from *men- + *dʰeh₁-.
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian mañdras, mandrùs (“cheerful, lively”), Latvian modrs, možs (“cheerful, lively, alert, vigorous”).
Indo-European cognates include Proto-Germanic *mundraz (“awake; alert; eager”) (< *mn̥dʰh₁ros), Avestan 𐬨𐬄𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀- (mązdra-).
Сf. Sanskrit मेधा (medhā, “mental power, wisdom, intelligence”), Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬰𐬛𐬁 (mazdā) (< *mn̥s-dʰeh₁-).


měra

mě̀ra (canonical feminine)
mě̀ra (nominative singular)
mě̀rě (dual nominative)
mě̀ry (nominative plural)
mě̀ry (genitive singular)
mě̀ru (dual genitive)
mě̀rъ (genitive plural)
mě̀rě (dative singular)
mě̀rama (dative dual)
mě̀ramъ (dative plural)
mě̀rǫ (accusative singular)
mě̀rě (accusative dual)
mě̀ry (accusative plural)
mě̀rojǫ (instrumental singular)
mě̀rǭ (instrumental singular)
mě̀rama (dual instrumental)
mě̀ramī (instrumental plural)
mě̀rě (locative singular)
mě̀ru (dual locative)
mě̀rasъ (locative plural)
mě̀raxъ (locative plural)
mě̀ro (singular vocative)
mě̀rě (dual vocative)
mě̀ry (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мѣра (měra)

Belarusian: ме́ра (mjéra)

Russian: ме́ра (méra)

Ukrainian: мі́ра (míra)

desc

→ Finnic: (borrowed separately or spread)

Estonian: määr

Finnish: määrä

Ingrian: määrä

Karelian: meärä

Votic: määre

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мѣра (měra)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: мя́ра (mjára)

Macedonian: мера (mera)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ме̏ра

Latin script: mȅra

Slovene: mẹ́ra (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: miera

Czech: míra

desctree

Old Polish: miara, miera
Polish: miara
Silesian: miara

Old Slovak: miera

Pannonian Rusyn: мира (mira)

Slovak: miera

Polabian: m’oro

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: miara

Slovincian: mjara

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: měra

Lower Sorbian: měra

→ Hungarian: mera

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *mḗˀrāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *meh₁-reh₂, from *meh₁- (“to measure”).
Cognate with Ancient Greek μῆτις (mêtis, “plan, ruse”), Old English mǣþ (“measure”), Sanskrit माति (mā́ti), मिमाति (mímāti, “to measure, to assign”), मात्रा (mā́trā, “measure”), Latin mētior (“to measure”), Albanian mat, mas (“to measure”).


mězga

mězga (nominative singular)
mězdzě (dual nominative)
mězgy (nominative plural)
mězgy (genitive singular)
mězgu (dual genitive)
mězgъ (genitive plural)
mězdzě (dative singular)
mězgama (dative dual)
mězgamъ (dative plural)
mězgǫ (accusative singular)
mězdzě (accusative dual)
mězgy (accusative plural)
mězgojǫ (instrumental singular)
mězgǫ (instrumental singular)
mězgama (dual instrumental)
mězgami (instrumental plural)
mězdzě (locative singular)
mězgu (dual locative)
mězgasъ (locative plural)
mězgaxъ (locative plural)
mězgo (singular vocative)
mězdzě (dual vocative)
mězgy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мѣзга (mězga)

desc

Old Ruthenian: мѣзга (mězha), мезга (mezha)

Belarusian: мязга́ (mjazhá)

⇒ Carpathian Rusyn: мiзка́ (mizká)

⇒ Ukrainian: мiзка́ (mizká)

Russian: мезга́ (mezgá)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: мъзга́ (mǎzgá)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ме́зга

Latin script: mézga

Slovene: mẹ́zgа (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: miezha

Czech: míza

Old Polish: miazga

Polish: miazga

Lesser Polish (Sidzina): ḿåzga

Slovak: miazga

Slovincian: mjozga

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: měza

Lower Sorbian: mězga

Non-Slavic:

Romanian: mâzgă

be:Аляксандр Мікалаевіч Булыка


sěti

sě̀ti (canonical imperfective)
sětьje (noun-from-verb)
sěti (infinitive)
sětъ (supine)
sělъ (l-participle)
sětъ (participle passive past)
sějemъ (participle passive present)
sěvъ (active participle past)
sěję (active participle present)
sěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sě (aorist second-person singular)
sě (aorist singular third-person)
sějǫ (first-person present singular)
sěješi (present second-person singular)
sějetь (present singular third-person)
sěxově (aorist dual first-person)
sěsta (aorist dual second-person)
sěste (aorist dual third-person)
sějevě (dual first-person present)
sějeta (dual present second-person)
sějete (dual present third-person)
sěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sěste (aorist plural second-person)
sěšę (aorist plural third-person)
sějemъ (first-person plural present)
sějete (plural present second-person)
sějǫtь (plural present third-person)
sěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sěji (imperative second-person singular)
sěji (imperative singular third-person)
sěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sějivě (dual first-person imperative)
sějita (dual imperative second-person)
sěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sějite (imperative plural second-person)
*sějati (alternative)

East Slavic:

Old Ruthenian: сѣꙗти (sějati), сѣѧти (sějati), сѣати (sěati), сеати (seati), сѣѣти (sějěti)

Belarusian: се́яць (sjéjacʹ)

Ukrainian: сі́яти (síjaty)

desctree

Russian: се́ять (séjatʹ), сѣ́ять (sě́jatʹ) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Kildin Sami: сейе (sjejje)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: сѣти (sěti), сѣꙗти (sějati), сѣати (sěati), сиѣти (sijěti), сѣѣти (sějěti)

Bulgarian: се́я (séja)

Macedonian: сее (see)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: си̏јати, се̏јати

Latin: sȉjati, sȅjati

Slovene: sejáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sieti

Czech: sít

Polabian: sejôt

Polish: siać

Slovak: siať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: seś

Upper Sorbian: syć

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sḗˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁-. Cognate with English sow, Latin serere, Latvian sẽt and Lithuanian sė́ti.


sěti

East Slavic:

Old Ruthenian: *сѣяти (*sějati), сеять (sejatʹ)

⇒ Belarusian: прасе́яць (prasjéjacʹ)

Ukrainian: сі́яти (síjaty)

Russian: (просе́ять (proséjatʹ))

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: сѣти (sěti), сѣꙗти (sějati)

Bulgarian: се́я (séja)

Macedonian: (просејува (prosejuva))

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: си̏јати

Latin script: sȉjati

Slovene: sejáti (tonal orthography)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *seˀi- / Proto-Balto-Slavic *sˀi-, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁y-. Cognate with Latvian sijāt, Lithuanian sijóti, and Ancient Greek ἠθέω (ēthéō).


vorgъ

vȏrgъ (canonical masculine)
vȏrgъ (nominative singular)
vȏrga (dual nominative)
vȏrdzi (nominative plural)
vȏrga (genitive singular)
vorgù (dual genitive)
võrgъ (genitive plural)
vȏrgu (dative singular)
vorgomà (dative dual)
vorgòmъ (dative plural)
vȏrgъ (accusative singular)
vȏrga (accusative dual)
vȏrgy (accusative plural)
vȏrgъmь (instrumental singular)
vȏrgomь (instrumental singular)
vorgomà (dual instrumental)
vorgý (instrumental plural)
vȏrdzě (locative singular)
vorgù (dual locative)
vordzě̃xъ (locative plural)
vorže (singular vocative)
vȏrga (dual vocative)
vȏrdzi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ворогъ (vorogŭ)

Old Ruthenian: ворогъ (voroh)

Belarusian: во́раг (vórah)

Carpathian Rusyn: ворог (voroh)

Ukrainian: во́рог (vóroh)

Russian: во́рог (vórog) (poetic)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: врагъ (vragŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⱃⰰⰳⱏ (vragŭ)

Bulgarian: враг (vrag)

Macedonian: враг (vrag)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: вра̑г

Latin script: vrȃg

Slovene: vrȃg (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vrah

Czech: vrah

Kashubian: warg

Old Polish: wróg

Polish: wróg

Slovak: vrah

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wróh

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wargás (“foe, enemy”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *Hwergʰ- (“to commit a crime”).


vorgъ

vòrgъ (canonical masculine)
vorgъ (nominative singular)
vorga (dual nominative)
vordzi (nominative plural)
vorga (genitive singular)
vorgu (dual genitive)
vorgъ (genitive plural)
vorgu (dative singular)
vorgoma (dative dual)
vorgomъ (dative plural)
vorgъ (accusative singular)
vorga (accusative dual)
vorgy (accusative plural)
vorgъmь (instrumental singular)
vorgomь (instrumental singular)
vorgoma (dual instrumental)
vorgy (instrumental plural)
vordzě (locative singular)
vorgu (dual locative)
vordzěxъ (locative plural)
vorže (singular vocative)
vorga (dual vocative)
vordzi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: врагъ (vragŭ)

⇒ Russian: овра́г (ovrág)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: враг (vrag, “dale, gorge; large wound”), овра́г (ovrág, “ravine”) (dialectal)

Non-Slavic:

→ Aromanian: vrag (“furrow”)

Presumably o-grade of Proto-Slavic *vergti (“to roll; to throw”), from Proto-Indo-European *werg- (“to turn”) or *wergʷ- (“to cast”). Alternatively reconstructed as Proto-Slavic *vьragъ, akin to Proto-Slavic *vьrěti (“to spring”).


pazduxa

pazduxa (nominative singular)
pazduśě (dual nominative)
pazduxy (nominative plural)
pazduxy (genitive singular)
pazduxu (dual genitive)
pazduxъ (genitive plural)
pazduśě (dative singular)
pazduxama (dative dual)
pazduxamъ (dative plural)
pazduxǫ (accusative singular)
pazduśě (accusative dual)
pazduxy (accusative plural)
pazduxojǫ (instrumental singular)
pazduxǫ (instrumental singular)
pazduxama (dual instrumental)
pazduxami (instrumental plural)
pazduśě (locative singular)
pazduxu (dual locative)
pazduxasъ (locative plural)
pazduxaxъ (locative plural)
pazduxo (singular vocative)
pazduśě (dual vocative)
pazduxy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: па́зуха (pázuxa)

Russian: па́зуха (pázuxa)

Ukrainian: па́зуха (pázuxa)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: пазоуха (pazuxa)

Glagolitic: ⱂⰰⰸⱆⱈⰰ (pazuxa)

Bulgarian: пазва (pazva) (in Eastern Bulgaria), пазуха (pazuha) (in Western Bulgaria)

Macedonian: па́зува (pázuva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пазух, пазухо

Latin: pazuh, pazuho

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: pȃzduha, pȃzdiha, pȃziha, pȃzha (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: pazucha

Polish: pazucha

Slovak: pazucha

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pōsdaušāˀ, the root of the word is ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dóws (“shoulder, clavicle”). The prepositional syllable is either the prefix *pa- (“close, secondary”) or the noun *pazъ (“cleft”). The term is a direct cognate with Latvian paduse, while further away it is related to Persian دوش (duš, “shoulder”).


pěvati

pěvanьje (noun-from-verb)
pěvati (infinitive)
pěvatъ (supine)
pěvalъ (l-participle)
pěvanъ (participle passive past)
pěvajemъ (participle passive present)
pěvavъ (active participle past)
pěvaję (active participle present)
pěvaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
pěva (aorist second-person singular)
pěva (aorist singular third-person)
pěvajǫ (first-person present singular)
pěvaješi (present second-person singular)
pěvajetь (present singular third-person)
pěvaxově (aorist dual first-person)
pěvasta (aorist dual second-person)
pěvaste (aorist dual third-person)
pěvajevě (dual first-person present)
pěvajeta (dual present second-person)
pěvajete (dual present third-person)
pěvaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pěvaste (aorist plural second-person)
pěvašę (aorist plural third-person)
pěvajemъ (first-person plural present)
pěvajete (plural present second-person)
pěvajǫtь (plural present third-person)
pěvaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pěvaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pěvaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pěvaji (imperative second-person singular)
pěvaji (imperative singular third-person)
pěvaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pěvaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pěvaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pěvajivě (dual first-person imperative)
pěvajita (dual imperative second-person)
pěvaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pěvaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pěvaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pěvajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
pěvajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

⇒ Belarusian: спява́ць (spjavácʹ)

Russian: пева́ть (pevátʹ)

⇒ Ukrainian: співа́ти (spiváty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: пѣвати (pěvati)

Bulgarian: пева (peva) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

desc

Cyrillic script: пје̏вати, пе̏вати, пи̏вати

Latin script: pjȅvati, pȅvati, pȉvati

Slovene: pẹ́vati

West Slavic:

Czech: zpívat

Kashubian: spiéwac

Polish: śpiewać

Silesian: śpiywać

Old Slovak: spévať, spievať, spívať

Pannonian Rusyn: шпивац (špivac)

Slovak: spievať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: spiwaś, spěwaś

Upper Sorbian: spěwać