děliti

děľenьje (noun-from-verb)
děliti (infinitive)
dělitъ (supine)
dělilъ (l-participle)
děľenъ (participle passive past)
dělimъ (participle passive present)
děľь (active participle past)
dělę (active participle present)
dělixъ (aorist first-person singular)
děli (aorist second-person singular)
děli (aorist singular third-person)
děľǫ (first-person present singular)
děliši (present second-person singular)
dělitь (present singular third-person)
dělixově (aorist dual first-person)
dělista (aorist dual second-person)
děliste (aorist dual third-person)
dělivě (dual first-person present)
dělita (dual present second-person)
dělite (dual present third-person)
dělixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
děliste (aorist plural second-person)
dělišę (aorist plural third-person)
dělimъ (first-person plural present)
dělite (plural present second-person)
dělętь (plural present third-person)
děľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
děľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
děľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
děli (imperative second-person singular)
děli (imperative singular third-person)
děľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
děľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
děľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dělivě (dual first-person imperative)
dělita (dual imperative second-person)
děľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
děľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
děľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dělimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dělite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дѣлити (děliti)

desc

Old Belarusian: дѣлити (děliti), делити (deliti)

Belarusian: дзялі́ць (dzjalícʹ)

Russian: дели́ть (delítʹ)

Ukrainian: діли́ти (dilýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: дѣлити (děliti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: деля́ (deljá)

Macedonian: дели (deli)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: де́лити, дијѐлити

Latin script: déliti, dijèliti

Slovene: delīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: děliti

Czech: dělit

Polabian: delĕ

Polish: dzielić

Slovak: deliť

Slovincian: dzêlëc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: dźělić

Lower Sorbian: źěliś

From *dělъ + *-iti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *dail-. Cognate with Lithuanian dailýti, 3sg. daĩlo, Proto-Germanic *dailijaną.

Rick Derksen
be:Аркадзь Іосіфавіч Жураўскі


jěxati

jě̀xati (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
jěxanьje (noun-from-verb)
jěxati (infinitive)
jěxatъ (supine)
jěxalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
jěxanъ (participle passive past)
ědomъ (participle passive present)
jěxavъ (active participle past)
ědy (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
jěxaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
jěxa (aorist second-person singular)
jěxa (aorist singular third-person)
ědǫ (first-person present singular)
ědeši (present second-person singular)
ědetь (present singular third-person)
jěxaxově (aorist dual first-person)
jěxasta (aorist dual second-person)
jěxaste (aorist dual third-person)
ědevě (dual first-person present)
ědeta (dual present second-person)
ědete (dual present third-person)
jěxaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
jěxaste (aorist plural second-person)
jěxašę (aorist plural third-person)
ědemъ (first-person plural present)
ědete (plural present second-person)
ědǫtь (plural present third-person)
jěxaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
jěxaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
jěxaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
ědi (imperative second-person singular)
ědi (imperative singular third-person)
jěxaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
jěxaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
jěxaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
ěděvě (dual first-person imperative)
ěděta (dual imperative second-person)
jěxaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
jěxaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
jěxaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
ěděmъ (first-person imperative plural)
ěděte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ѣхати (jěxati), ꙗхати (jaxati)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: ѣ́хати (jě́xati)
Belarusian: е́хаць (jéxacʹ)
Carpathian Rusyn: ї́хати (jíxaty) (rare)
Ukrainian: ї́хати (jíxaty)

Russian: е́хать (jéxatʹ)

Old Novgorodian: ѣхати (jěxati)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: ꙗхати (jaxati)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: я́хам (jáham)

Macedonian: јава (java)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ја̏хати

Latin script: jȁhati

Slovene: jāhati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: jechat

Old Polish: jechać
Polish: jechać
Silesian: jechać

Old Slovak: jachať

Slovak: jachať

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: jachac

Slovincian: jachac

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: jěchać

Lower Sorbian: jěś

Derived from *jěti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *jā́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₂-. Baltic cognates include Lithuanian jóti (“to ride”), Latvian jât (“to ride”). Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit याति (yāti), Avestan 𐬫𐬁𐬌𐬙𐬌 (yāⁱti), Hittite [script needed] (iya-), Tocharian B yā-.


zěvati

zěvàti (canonical)
zěvanьje (noun-from-verb)
zěvati (infinitive)
zěvatъ (supine)
zěvalъ (l-participle)
zěvanъ (participle passive past)
zěvajemъ (participle passive present)
zěvavъ (active participle past)
zěvaję (active participle present)
zěvaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
zěva (aorist second-person singular)
zěva (aorist singular third-person)
zěvajǫ (first-person present singular)
zěvaješi (present second-person singular)
zěvajetь (present singular third-person)
zěvaxově (aorist dual first-person)
zěvasta (aorist dual second-person)
zěvaste (aorist dual third-person)
zěvajevě (dual first-person present)
zěvajeta (dual present second-person)
zěvajete (dual present third-person)
zěvaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
zěvaste (aorist plural second-person)
zěvašę (aorist plural third-person)
zěvajemъ (first-person plural present)
zěvajete (plural present second-person)
zěvajǫtь (plural present third-person)
zěvaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
zěvaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
zěvaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
zěvaji (imperative second-person singular)
zěvaji (imperative singular third-person)
zěvaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
zěvaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
zěvaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
zěvajivě (dual first-person imperative)
zěvajita (dual imperative second-person)
zěvaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
zěvaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
zěvaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
zěvajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
zěvajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: зѣвати (zěvati)

Old Ruthenian: зѣва́ти (zěváti)
Belarusian: зява́ць (zjavácʹ)
Carpathian Rusyn: зїва́ти (zjiváty)
Ukrainian: зіва́ти (ziváty)

Russian: зева́ть (zevátʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: зѣвати (zěvati)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: зѐвати

Latin: zèvati

Slovene: zẹ́vati (tonal orthography), 1sg. zẹ́vam (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: zewiac

Old Czech: zievati

Czech: zívat

Old Polish: dziewać, ziewać

Polish: ziewać

Silesian: ziywać

desc

Polabian: *zevăt (attested in 3sg. "zevă" or "zevĕ")

Slovak: zívať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: zywać

Cognates include Lithuanian žióvauti, Latvian žàvât, Old High German giwēn, gewōn. See *zijati for more cognates.


zъvati

c (accent-paradigm)
zъvanьje (noun-from-verb)
zъvati (infinitive)
zъvatъ (supine)
zъvalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
zъvanъ (participle passive past)
zovomъ (participle passive present)
zъvavъ (active participle past)
zovy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
zъvaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
zъva (aorist second-person singular)
zъva (aorist singular third-person)
zovǫ (first-person present singular)
zoveši (present second-person singular)
zovetь (present singular third-person)
zъvaxově (aorist dual first-person)
zъvasta (aorist dual second-person)
zъvaste (aorist dual third-person)
zovevě (dual first-person present)
zoveta (dual present second-person)
zovete (dual present third-person)
zъvaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
zъvaste (aorist plural second-person)
zъvašę (aorist plural third-person)
zovemъ (first-person plural present)
zovete (plural present second-person)
zovǫtь (plural present third-person)
zъvaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
zъvaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
zъvaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
zovi (imperative second-person singular)
zovi (imperative singular third-person)
zъvaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
zъvaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
zъvaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
zověvě (dual first-person imperative)
zověta (dual imperative second-person)
zъvaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
zъvaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
zъvaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
zověmъ (first-person imperative plural)
zověte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: зъвати (zŭvati)

Belarusian: зваць (zvacʹ)

Russian: звать (zvatʹ)

Ukrainian: зва́ти (zváty)

Old Novgorodian: звати (zvati)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: зъвати (zŭvati)

Glagolitic script: ⰸⱏⰲⰰⱅⰻ (zŭvati)

Bulgarian: зова́ (zová)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: зва̏ти

Latin script: zvȁti

Slovene: zváti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: zváti

Czech: zvát

Kashubian: zwac

Polabian: züvĕ (3rd singular)

Old Polish: zwać

Polish: zwać (literary)

Slovak: zvať

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰewH- (“to call, invoke”). Cognate with Lithuanian žavė́ti (“to fascinate, to charm”), Latvian zavêt (“to cast a spell”), Sanskrit हवते (hávate, “to call, invoke”), Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (zauuaⁱti, “to call”), Old Armenian ձաւնեմ (jawnem, “to dedicate”), Ancient Greek καυχάομαι (kaukháomai, “to boast”), Irish guth (“voice”).


dǫti

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: дѫти (dǫti), дꙋти (duti)

Belarusian: дуць (ducʹ), дзьмуць (dzʹmucʹ)

Russian: дуть (dutʹ)

Ukrainian: ду́ти (dúty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: дѫти (dǫti)

Glagolitic: ⰴⱘⱅⰻ (dǫti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ду̏ти

Latin script: dȕti

Slovene: dúti (tonal orthography) (archaic)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dúti

Czech: dout (literary)

Kashubian: dic, dąc

Polabian: dåmĕ (3sg.)

Polish: dąć

Slovak: dmuť

Slovincian: dyc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: duć

Lower Sorbian: duś

From *nadǫti

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: на̀дути

Latin script: nàduti

Slovene: nadọ́ti (tonal orthography)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dúmˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰemH-.


vortiti

vōrtìti (canonical)
b (accent-paradigm)
vorťenьje (noun-from-verb)
vortiti (infinitive)
vortitъ (supine)
vortilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
vorťenъ (participle passive past)
vortimъ (participle passive present)
vorťь (active participle past)
vortę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
vortixъ (aorist first-person singular)
vorti (aorist second-person singular)
vorti (aorist singular third-person)
vorťǫ (first-person present singular)
vortiši (present second-person singular)
vortitь (present singular third-person)
vortixově (aorist dual first-person)
vortista (aorist dual second-person)
vortiste (aorist dual third-person)
vortivě (dual first-person present)
vortita (dual present second-person)
vortite (dual present third-person)
vortixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vortiste (aorist plural second-person)
vortišę (aorist plural third-person)
vortimъ (first-person plural present)
vortite (plural present second-person)
vortętь (plural present third-person)
vorťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vorťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vorťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vorti (imperative second-person singular)
vorti (imperative singular third-person)
vorťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vorťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vorťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vortivě (dual first-person imperative)
vortita (dual imperative second-person)
vorťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vorťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vorťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vortimъ (first-person imperative plural)
vortite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: воротити (vorotiti)

Old Ruthenian: воротити (vorotiti)

Russian: вороти́ть (vorotítʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: вратити (vratiti)

Bulgarian: вра́тя (vrátja) (dialectal)

Macedonian: вра́ти (vráti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: вра́тити

Latin script: vrátiti

Slovene: vrátiti

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vrátiti
Czech: vrátit

Polabian: vortait

desctree

Old Polish: wrócić
Polish: wrócić
Silesian: wrōcić

Old Slovak: vrátiť
Slovak: vrátiť

Polabian: vortăt

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: wrócëc

Slovincian: wrôcëc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wróćić

Lower Sorbian: wrośiś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wártīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *wortéyeti, from the root *wert-.


gъnǫti

gъbenьje (noun-from-verb)
gъnǫti (infinitive)
gъnǫtъ (supine)
gъblъ (l-participle)
gъbenъ (participle passive past)
gъnomъ (participle passive present)
gъbъ (active participle past)
gъny (active participle present)
gъbъ (aorist first-person singular)
gъboxъ (aorist first-person singular)
gъbe (aorist second-person singular)
gъbe (aorist singular third-person)
gъnǫ (first-person present singular)
gъneši (present second-person singular)
gъnetь (present singular third-person)
gъbově (aorist dual first-person)
gъboxově (aorist dual first-person)
gъbeta (aorist dual second-person)
gъbosta (aorist dual second-person)
gъbete (aorist dual third-person)
gъboste (aorist dual third-person)
gъnevě (dual first-person present)
gъneta (dual present second-person)
gъnete (dual present third-person)
gъbomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gъboxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gъbete (aorist plural second-person)
gъboste (aorist plural second-person)
gъbǫ (aorist plural third-person)
gъbošę (aorist plural third-person)
gъnemъ (first-person plural present)
gъnete (plural present second-person)
gъnǫtь (plural present third-person)
gъněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gъněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gъněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gъni (imperative second-person singular)
gъni (imperative singular third-person)
gъněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gъněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gъněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gъněvě (dual first-person imperative)
gъněta (dual imperative second-person)
gъněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gъněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gъněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gъněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
gъněte (imperative plural second-person)

Alternative form of *gъbnǫti (“to bend”)


gъnati

gъnàti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
gъnanьje (noun-from-verb)
gъnati (infinitive)
gъnatъ (supine)
gъnalъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
gъnanъ (participle passive past)
ženomъ (participle passive present)
gъnavъ (active participle past)
ženy (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
gъnaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
gъna (aorist second-person singular)
gъna (aorist singular third-person)
ženǫ (first-person present singular)
ženeši (present second-person singular)
ženetь (present singular third-person)
gъnaxově (aorist dual first-person)
gъnasta (aorist dual second-person)
gъnaste (aorist dual third-person)
ženevě (dual first-person present)
ženeta (dual present second-person)
ženete (dual present third-person)
gъnaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gъnaste (aorist plural second-person)
gъnašę (aorist plural third-person)
ženemъ (first-person plural present)
ženete (plural present second-person)
ženǫtь (plural present third-person)
gъnaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gъnaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gъnaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
ženi (imperative second-person singular)
ženi (imperative singular third-person)
gъnaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gъnaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gъnaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
ženěvě (dual first-person imperative)
ženěta (dual imperative second-person)
gъnaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gъnaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gъnaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
ženěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
ženěte (imperative plural second-person)
c (accent-paradigm)
gъnanьje (noun-from-verb)
gъnati (infinitive)
gъnatъ (supine)
gъnalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
gъnanъ (participle passive past)
ženomъ (participle passive present)
gъnavъ (active participle past)
ženy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
gъnaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
gъna (aorist second-person singular)
gъna (aorist singular third-person)
ženǫ (first-person present singular)
ženeši (present second-person singular)
ženetь (present singular third-person)
gъnaxově (aorist dual first-person)
gъnasta (aorist dual second-person)
gъnaste (aorist dual third-person)
ženevě (dual first-person present)
ženeta (dual present second-person)
ženete (dual present third-person)
gъnaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gъnaste (aorist plural second-person)
gъnašę (aorist plural third-person)
ženemъ (first-person plural present)
ženete (plural present second-person)
ženǫtь (plural present third-person)
gъnaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gъnaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gъnaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
ženi (imperative second-person singular)
ženi (imperative singular third-person)
gъnaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gъnaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gъnaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
ženěvě (dual first-person imperative)
ženěta (dual imperative second-person)
gъnaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gъnaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gъnaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
ženěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
ženěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гънати (gŭnati)

Belarusian: гнаць (hnacʹ), 1sg. pres. ганю́ (hanjú)

Russian: гнать (gnatʹ), 1sg. pres. гоню́ (gonjú)

Ukrainian: гна́ти (hnáty), 1sg. pres. жену́ (ženú)

South Slavic:

Church Slavonic: гънати (gŭnati) (Russian)

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: гънати (gŭnati)

Glagolitic script: [Term?]

Bulgarian: го́ня (gónja)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гна̏ти

Latin script: gnȁti

Slovene: gnáti (tonal orthography), 1sg. pres. žénem

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hnáti

Czech: hnát, 1sg. pres. ženu

Kashubian: gnac

Polabian: zinĕ

Old Polish: gnać

Polish: gnać, 1sg. pres. gnam

Slovak: hnať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: hnać

Lower Sorbian: gnaś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gúntei, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰénti.


grьměti

grьmě̀ti (canonical imperfective)
grimàti (frequentative)
c (accent-paradigm)
grьměnьje (noun-from-verb)
grьměti (infinitive)
grьmětъ (supine)
grьmělъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
grьměvъ (active participle past)
grьmę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
grьměxъ (aorist first-person singular)
grьmě (aorist second-person singular)
grьmě (aorist singular third-person)
grьmľǫ (first-person present singular)
grьmiši (present second-person singular)
grьmitь (present singular third-person)
grьměxově (aorist dual first-person)
grьměsta (aorist dual second-person)
grьměste (aorist dual third-person)
grьmivě (dual first-person present)
grьmita (dual present second-person)
grьmite (dual present third-person)
grьměxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
grьměste (aorist plural second-person)
grьměšę (aorist plural third-person)
grьmimъ (first-person plural present)
grьmite (plural present second-person)
grьmętь (plural present third-person)
grьměaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
grьměaše (imperfect second-person singular)
grьměaše (imperfect singular third-person)
grьmi (imperative second-person singular)
grьmi (imperative singular third-person)
grьměaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
grьměašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
grьměašete (dual imperfect third-person)
grьmivě (dual first-person imperative)
grьmita (dual imperative second-person)
grьměaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
grьměašete (imperfect plural second-person)
grьměaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
grьmimъ (first-person imperative plural)
grьmite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: грьмѣти (grĭměti), гремѣти (greměti)

Belarusian: грыме́ць (hrymjécʹ)

Russian: греме́ть (gremétʹ)

Ukrainian: гремі́ти (hremíty), гримі́ти (hrymíty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: грьмѣти (grĭměti)

Glagolitic: ⰳⱃⱐⰿⱑⱅⰻ (grĭměti)

Bulgarian: гърмя́ (gǎrmjá)

Macedonian: грми (grmi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гр̀мљети, гр̀мети

Latin: gr̀mljeti, gr̀meti

Slovene: grmẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hřmieti

Czech: hřmít, hřmět

Polabian: gramăt

Old Polish: grzmieć

Polish: grzmieć

Slovak: hrmieť

Slovincian: grzmjêc

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *grimēˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰr̥m-eh₁-. Cognate with Lithuanian grumė́ti (“to thunder, to roar”), gruménti (“to roar”), Latvian gremt (“to mutter”), Old Prussian grumins (“thunder”), Proto-Germanic *grimmaną (“to rage”), *gramjaną (“to provoke, anger”), and possibly Ancient Greek χρεμετῐ́ζω (khremetízō, “to neigh”).


orsti

c (accent-paradigm)
orstenьje (noun-from-verb)
orsti (infinitive)
orstъ (supine)
orstlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
orstenъ (participle passive past)
orstomъ (participle passive present)
orstъ (active participle past)
orsty (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
orstъ (aorist first-person singular)
orstoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
orste (aorist second-person singular)
orste (aorist singular third-person)
orstǫ (first-person present singular)
orsteši (present second-person singular)
orstetь (present singular third-person)
orstově (aorist dual first-person)
orstoxově (aorist dual first-person)
orsteta (aorist dual second-person)
orstosta (aorist dual second-person)
orstete (aorist dual third-person)
orstoste (aorist dual third-person)
orstevě (dual first-person present)
orsteta (dual present second-person)
orstete (dual present third-person)
orstomъ (aorist first-person plural)
orstoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
orstete (aorist plural second-person)
orstoste (aorist plural second-person)
orstǫ (aorist plural third-person)
orstošę (aorist plural third-person)
orstemъ (first-person plural present)
orstete (plural present second-person)
orstǫtь (plural present third-person)
orstěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
orstěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
orstěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
orsti (imperative second-person singular)
orsti (imperative singular third-person)
orstěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
orstěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
orstěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
orstěvě (dual first-person imperative)
orstěta (dual imperative second-person)
orstěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
orstěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
orstěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
orstěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
orstěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: расти (rasti), рости (rosti), рость (rostĭ)

Belarusian: расці́ (rascí)

Russian: расти́ (rastí) (spelling influenced by Church Slavic)

Ukrainian: рости́ (rostý)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: расти (rasti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: раста́ (rastá)

Macedonian: расте (raste)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ра́сти

Latin script: rásti

Slovene: rásti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: rósti

Czech: růst

Polabian: rüst

Old Polish: róść

Polish: róść (obsolete)

Silesian: roś

Slovak: rásť

Slovincian: rôsc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: rosć

Lower Sorbian: rosć

Unclear. Possibly related to Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to rise”) (cf. Latin orior).

(intransitive) to grow (to become larger, to undergo growth)


męti

mę̀ti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
mьnenьje (noun-from-verb)
męti (infinitive)
mętъ (supine)
mьnlъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
mьnenъ (participle passive past)
mьnomъ (participle passive present)
mьnъ (active participle past)
mьny (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
mьnъ (aorist first-person singular)
mьnoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
mьne (aorist second-person singular)
mьne (aorist singular third-person)
mьnǫ (first-person present singular)
mьneši (present second-person singular)
mьnetь (present singular third-person)
mьnově (aorist dual first-person)
mьnoxově (aorist dual first-person)
mьneta (aorist dual second-person)
mьnosta (aorist dual second-person)
mьnete (aorist dual third-person)
mьnoste (aorist dual third-person)
mьnevě (dual first-person present)
mьneta (dual present second-person)
mьnete (dual present third-person)
mьnomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mьnoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mьnete (aorist plural second-person)
mьnoste (aorist plural second-person)
mьnǫ (aorist plural third-person)
mьnošę (aorist plural third-person)
mьnemъ (first-person plural present)
mьnete (plural present second-person)
mьnǫtь (plural present third-person)
mьněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mьněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mьněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
mьni (imperative second-person singular)
mьni (imperative singular third-person)
mьněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mьněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mьněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mьněvě (dual first-person imperative)
mьněta (dual imperative second-person)
mьněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mьněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mьněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mьněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
mьněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мяти (mjati)

Belarusian: мяць (mjacʹ)

Russian: мять (mjatʹ)

Ukrainian: м'яти (mʺjaty), мня́ти (mnjáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: мѧти

Glagolitic script: ⰿⱔⱅⰻ (męti)

Bulgarian: мъ́на (mǎ́na)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мети (only in Belostenec's dictionary)

Latin: meti

Slovene: mẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mieti

Czech: mnout (dated)

Old Polish: miąć

Polish: miąć

Slovak: mäť

Slovincian: mjyc

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *mínˀtei.
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian mìnti (“to trample, to scutch”), Latvian mĩt (“to trample, to scutch”). Further cognates unclear:
* Derksen says "doubtful whether there are any cognates outside of Balto-Slavic".
* Trubačev proposes Ancient Greek ματέω (matéō, “to trample, to tread”) from Proto-Indo-European *mn̥-tew-oh₂.
* Shansky additionally proposes Irish men (“flour”).


gъbnǫti

gъbnǫ̀ti (canonical imperfective)
gъbenьje (noun-from-verb)
gъbnǫti (infinitive)
gъbnǫtъ (supine)
gъblъ (l-participle)
gъbenъ (participle passive past)
gъbnomъ (participle passive present)
gъbъ (active participle past)
gъbny (active participle present)
gъbъ (aorist first-person singular)
gъboxъ (aorist first-person singular)
gъbe (aorist second-person singular)
gъbe (aorist singular third-person)
gъbnǫ (first-person present singular)
gъbneši (present second-person singular)
gъbnetь (present singular third-person)
gъbově (aorist dual first-person)
gъboxově (aorist dual first-person)
gъbeta (aorist dual second-person)
gъbosta (aorist dual second-person)
gъbete (aorist dual third-person)
gъboste (aorist dual third-person)
gъbnevě (dual first-person present)
gъbneta (dual present second-person)
gъbnete (dual present third-person)
gъbomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gъboxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gъbete (aorist plural second-person)
gъboste (aorist plural second-person)
gъbǫ (aorist plural third-person)
gъbošę (aorist plural third-person)
gъbnemъ (first-person plural present)
gъbnete (plural present second-person)
gъbnǫtь (plural present third-person)
gъbněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gъbněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gъbněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gъbni (imperative second-person singular)
gъbni (imperative singular third-person)
gъbněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gъbněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gъbněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gъbněvě (dual first-person imperative)
gъbněta (dual imperative second-person)
gъbněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gъbněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gъbněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gъbněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
gъbněte (imperative plural second-person)
gъbnovenьje (noun-from-verb)
gъbnǫti (infinitive)
gъbnǫtъ (supine)
gъbnǫlъ (l-participle)
gъbnovenъ (participle passive past)
gъbnomъ (participle passive present)
gъbnǫvъ (active participle past)
gъbny (active participle present)
gъbnǫxъ (aorist first-person singular)
gъbnǫ (aorist second-person singular)
gъbnǫ (aorist singular third-person)
gъbnǫ (first-person present singular)
gъbneši (present second-person singular)
gъbnetь (present singular third-person)
gъbnǫxově (aorist dual first-person)
gъbnǫsta (aorist dual second-person)
gъbnǫste (aorist dual third-person)
gъbnevě (dual first-person present)
gъbneta (dual present second-person)
gъbnete (dual present third-person)
gъbnǫxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gъbnǫste (aorist plural second-person)
gъbnǫšę (aorist plural third-person)
gъbnemъ (first-person plural present)
gъbnete (plural present second-person)
gъbnǫtь (plural present third-person)
gъbněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gъbněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gъbněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gъbni (imperative second-person singular)
gъbni (imperative singular third-person)
gъbněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gъbněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gъbněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gъbněvě (dual first-person imperative)
gъbněta (dual imperative second-person)
gъbněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gъbněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gъbněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gъbněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
gъbněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: гъбнѫти (gŭbnǫti), гънѫти (gŭnǫti)

Belarusian: гнуць (hnucʹ)

Russian: гнуть (gnutʹ)

Ukrainian: гну́ти (hnúty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: *гънѫти (*gŭnǫti)

⇒ Old Church Slavonic: съгънѫти (sŭgŭnǫti, “to fold”)

⇒ Old Church Slavonic: разгънѫти (razgŭnǫti, “to unfold”)

Bulgarian: гъ́на (gǎ́na)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: га̀нути

Latin script: gànuti

⇒ Slovene: ganīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hnúti

Czech: hnout

Polish: giąć

Pomeranian:

Slovincian: gjyc

Slovak: hnúť, dialectal gebnúť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: hnuć

Lower Sorbian: gnuś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gúbtei + *-nǫti.

(transitive) to bend, to fold, to dimple


sěsti

sědenьje (noun-from-verb)
sěsti (infinitive)
sěstъ (supine)
sědlъ (l-participle)
sědъ (active participle past)
sědъ (aorist first-person singular)
sědoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sěde (aorist second-person singular)
sěde (aorist singular third-person)
sędǫ (first-person present singular)
sędeši (present second-person singular)
sędetь (present singular third-person)
sědově (aorist dual first-person)
sědoxově (aorist dual first-person)
sědeta (aorist dual second-person)
sědosta (aorist dual second-person)
sědete (aorist dual third-person)
sědoste (aorist dual third-person)
sędevě (dual first-person present)
sędeta (dual present second-person)
sędete (dual present third-person)
sědomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sědoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sědete (aorist plural second-person)
sědoste (aorist plural second-person)
sědǫ (aorist plural third-person)
sědošę (aorist plural third-person)
sędemъ (first-person plural present)
sędete (plural present second-person)
sędǫtь (plural present third-person)
sędi (imperative second-person singular)
sędi (imperative singular third-person)
sęděvě (dual first-person imperative)
sęděta (dual imperative second-person)
sęděmъ (first-person imperative plural)
sęděte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сѣсти (sěsti)

Belarusian: се́сці (sjésci)

Russian: сесть (sestʹ)

Ukrainian: сі́сти (sísty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: сѣсти (sěsti)

Glagolitic: ⱄⱑⱄⱅⰻ (sěsti)

Bulgarian: ся́дам (sjádam)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: се̏сти

Latin: sȅsti

Slovene: sẹ́sti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: siesti

Old Polish: sieść

Polish: siąść

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sḗˀstei, from an earlier *sēˀdtei, from pre-Indo-European *sedti, from Proto-Indo-European *sed- from by (Winter's law).
Baltic cognates include Latvian sēsties,
Lithuanian sė́sti, 3sg. sė́da, Old Prussian sindants (“sitting”). (apparently reformed as a nasal-infix present)
Indo-European cognates include Proto-Italic *sedēō, Proto-Germanic *sitjaną, Proto-Indo-Iranian *síždati, Ancient Greek ἕζομαι (hézomai, “to sit down”),


běťi

běženьje (noun-from-verb)
běťi (infinitive)
běťь (supine)
běglъ (l-participle)
běženъ (participle passive past)
běgomъ (participle passive present)
běgъ (active participle past)
běgy (active participle present)
běgъ (aorist first-person singular)
běgoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
běže (aorist second-person singular)
běže (aorist singular third-person)
běgǫ (first-person present singular)
běžeši (present second-person singular)
běžetь (present singular third-person)
běgově (aorist dual first-person)
běgoxově (aorist dual first-person)
běgeta (aorist dual second-person)
běgosta (aorist dual second-person)
běgete (aorist dual third-person)
běgoste (aorist dual third-person)
běževě (dual first-person present)
běžeta (dual present second-person)
běžete (dual present third-person)
běgomъ (aorist first-person plural)
běgoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
běgete (aorist plural second-person)
běgoste (aorist plural second-person)
běgǫ (aorist plural third-person)
běgošę (aorist plural third-person)
běžemъ (first-person plural present)
běžete (plural present second-person)
běgǫtь (plural present third-person)
běžaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
běžaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
běžaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bědzi (imperative second-person singular)
bědzi (imperative singular third-person)
běžaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
běžaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
běžaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bědzěvě (dual first-person imperative)
bědzěta (dual imperative second-person)
běžaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
běžaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
běžaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bědzěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
bědzěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic

Belarusian: бегчы (bjehčy)

Russian: бечь (bečʹ)

Ukrainian: бігти (bihty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: бѣщи (běšti)

Glagolitic: ⰱⱑⱋⰹ (běšti)

⇒ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: по̀бећи

Latin script: pòbeći

West Slavic

Kashubian: biec

Old Polish: biec
Polish: biec

běgti

earlier, unassimilated form, as in Derksen, Chernykh, Vasmer

běgťi

earlier, partly assimilated form, as in Trubachev


sterťi

c (accent-paradigm)
sterženьje (noun-from-verb)
sterťi (infinitive)
sterťь (supine)
sterglъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
sterženъ (participle passive past)
stergomъ (participle passive present)
stergъ (active participle past)
stergy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
stergъ (aorist first-person singular)
stergoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sterže (aorist second-person singular)
sterže (aorist singular third-person)
stergǫ (first-person present singular)
steržeši (present second-person singular)
steržetь (present singular third-person)
stergově (aorist dual first-person)
stergoxově (aorist dual first-person)
stergeta (aorist dual second-person)
stergosta (aorist dual second-person)
stergete (aorist dual third-person)
stergoste (aorist dual third-person)
sterževě (dual first-person present)
steržeta (dual present second-person)
steržete (dual present third-person)
stergomъ (aorist first-person plural)
stergoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
stergete (aorist plural second-person)
stergoste (aorist plural second-person)
stergǫ (aorist plural third-person)
stergošę (aorist plural third-person)
steržemъ (first-person plural present)
steržete (plural present second-person)
stergǫtь (plural present third-person)
steržaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
steržaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
steržaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sterdzi (imperative second-person singular)
sterdzi (imperative singular third-person)
steržaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
steržaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
steržaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sterdzěvě (dual first-person imperative)
sterdzěta (dual imperative second-person)
steržaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
steržaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
steržaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sterdzěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
sterdzěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: стеречи (stereči)

Belarusian: сцерагчы́ (scjerahčý)

Russian: стере́чь (steréčʹ)

Ukrainian: стеречи́ (sterečý)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: стрѣщи (strěšti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Slovene: strẹ́či (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: střieci

Czech: stříci (archaic)

Polish: strzec

* Derksen: From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sterˀg-, from Proto-Indo-European *sterg-. Cognate with Ancient Greek στέργω (stérgō, “to love”) and with Lithuanian sérgėti (“to guard”), 3sg. sérgi, 3sg. past sérgėjo (Old Lithuanian sérgmi, athematic), Lithuanian sárgas (“guard”), Latvian sar̂gs (“guard”), with unexplained loss of -t-.
* Vasmer: Contamination of two separate roots, represented respectively by Ancient Greek στέργω (stérgō, “to love”) and Lithuanian sérgėti (“to guard”). The latter is cognate with Latin servō (“to save”), Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (haraⁱti), 𐬵𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬙𐬌 (haᵘruuati, “to protect”).


striťi

c (accent-paradigm)
striženьje (noun-from-verb)
striťi (infinitive)
striťь (supine)
striglъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
striženъ (participle passive past)
strigomъ (participle passive present)
strigъ (active participle past)
strigy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
strigъ (aorist first-person singular)
strigoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
striže (aorist second-person singular)
striže (aorist singular third-person)
strigǫ (first-person present singular)
strižeši (present second-person singular)
strižetь (present singular third-person)
strigově (aorist dual first-person)
strigoxově (aorist dual first-person)
strigeta (aorist dual second-person)
strigosta (aorist dual second-person)
strigete (aorist dual third-person)
strigoste (aorist dual third-person)
striževě (dual first-person present)
strižeta (dual present second-person)
strižete (dual present third-person)
strigomъ (aorist first-person plural)
strigoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
strigete (aorist plural second-person)
strigoste (aorist plural second-person)
strigǫ (aorist plural third-person)
strigošę (aorist plural third-person)
strižemъ (first-person plural present)
strižete (plural present second-person)
strigǫtь (plural present third-person)
strižaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
strižaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
strižaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
stridzi (imperative second-person singular)
stridzi (imperative singular third-person)
strižaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
strižaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
strižaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
stridzěvě (dual first-person imperative)
stridzěta (dual imperative second-person)
strižaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
strižaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
strižaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
stridzěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
stridzěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: стричи (striči)

Belarusian: стры́гчы (strýhčy)

Russian: стричь (stričʹ)

Ukrainian: стри́гти (strýhty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: стрищи (strišti)

Glagolitic: ⱄⱅⱃⰻⱋⰻ (strišti)

Bulgarian: стри́жа (stríža)

Macedonian: стриже (striže)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: стри̏ћи

Latin script: strȉći

Slovene: stríči (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: strzic, strzëgac

desc

Old Czech: střieci, stříci, střežiti, střihati, střiehati

Czech: stříci, střežit, střihat, stříhat

Polabian: straizăt

Old Polish: strzyc

Polish: strzyc

Slovak: strihať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: třihać

Lower Sorbian: stśigaś

From Proto-Indo-European *streyg-. Cognate with Latin stringere (“to skim, to scratch”), Old English strīcan (“to rub, to wander, to brush past”).


lězti

lě̀zti (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
lězenьje (noun-from-verb)
lězti (infinitive)
lěztъ (supine)
lězlъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
lězenъ (participle passive past)
lězomъ (participle passive present)
lězъ (active participle past)
lězy (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
lězъ (aorist first-person singular)
lězoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
lěze (aorist second-person singular)
lěze (aorist singular third-person)
lězǫ (first-person present singular)
lězeši (present second-person singular)
lězetь (present singular third-person)
lězově (aorist dual first-person)
lězoxově (aorist dual first-person)
lězeta (aorist dual second-person)
lězosta (aorist dual second-person)
lězete (aorist dual third-person)
lězoste (aorist dual third-person)
lězevě (dual first-person present)
lězeta (dual present second-person)
lězete (dual present third-person)
lězomъ (aorist first-person plural)
lězoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
lězete (aorist plural second-person)
lězoste (aorist plural second-person)
lězǫ (aorist plural third-person)
lězošę (aorist plural third-person)
lězemъ (first-person plural present)
lězete (plural present second-person)
lězǫtь (plural present third-person)
lězěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
lězěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
lězěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
lězi (imperative second-person singular)
lězi (imperative singular third-person)
lězěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
lězěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
lězěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
lězěvě (dual first-person imperative)
lězěta (dual imperative second-person)
lězěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
lězěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
lězěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
lězěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
lězěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: лѣзти (lězti)

Belarusian: ле́зці (ljézci)

Russian: лезть (leztʹ)

Ukrainian: лі́зти (lízty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: възлѣсти (vŭzlěsti)m излѣсти (izlěsti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: лѣ́зѫ (lě́zǫ) (Gerov's dictionary); ля́за (ljáza)

Serbo-Croatian:

Chakavian (Vrgada): lȉsti

Slovene: lẹ́sti (tonal orthography)

Rovte dialect (Črni vrh, Idrija): lȩ̏st

West Slavic:

Old Czech: lézt

Czech: lézt

Bohemian (Chod dialect): lízt

Polabian: lezĕ (3sg.)

Old Polish: leźć

Polish: leźć

Slovak: liezť

Slovincian: lêsc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: lězć

Lower Sorbian: lězć

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *lḗˀźtei, from Proto-Indo-European *leh₁ǵʰ- (“to crawl on the ground; low”).
Related to Latvian lẽzêt (“to slide”), Old Prussian līse (“(he) crawls”), Old Norse lágr (“low”), English low, Ancient Greek λαχύς (lakhús, “low”).


terti

tèrti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
tьrtьje (noun-from-verb)
terti (infinitive)
tertъ (supine)
tьrlъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
tьrtъ (participle passive past)
tьromъ (participle passive present)
tьrъ (active participle past)
tьry (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
terxъ (aorist first-person singular)
ter (aorist second-person singular)
ter (aorist singular third-person)
tьrǫ (first-person present singular)
tьreši (present second-person singular)
tьretь (present singular third-person)
terxově (aorist dual first-person)
tersta (aorist dual second-person)
terste (aorist dual third-person)
tьrevě (dual first-person present)
tьreta (dual present second-person)
tьrete (dual present third-person)
terxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
terste (aorist plural second-person)
teršę (aorist plural third-person)
tьremъ (first-person plural present)
tьrete (plural present second-person)
tьrǫtь (plural present third-person)
tьrěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tьrěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tьrěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
tьri (imperative second-person singular)
tьri (imperative singular third-person)
tьrěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tьrěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tьrěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tьrěvě (dual first-person imperative)
tьrěta (dual imperative second-person)
tьrěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tьrěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tьrěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tьrěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
tьrěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

Belarusian: це́рці (cjérci)

Russian: тере́ть (terétʹ)

Ukrainian: те́рти (térty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: трѣти (trěti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тр̏ти

Latin script: tȑti

Slovene: trẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: třieti

Czech: třít

Kashubian: trzéc

Old Polish: trzeć

Polish: trzeć

Silesian: trzić

Slovak: trieť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: trěć

Lower Sorbian: trěś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *térˀtei / *tírˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub”). Cognates with Lithuanian tìrti (“to investigate”), trìnti (“to rub”) and Latvian trĩt (“to sharpen”).

tьrti

in Serbo-Croatian, Ukrainian, Belarussian


velťi

velčenьje (noun-from-verb)
velťi (infinitive)
velťь (supine)
velklъ (l-participle)
velčenъ (participle passive past)
velkomъ (participle passive present)
velkъ (active participle past)
velky (active participle present)
velkъ (aorist first-person singular)
velkoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
velče (aorist second-person singular)
velče (aorist singular third-person)
velkǫ (first-person present singular)
velčeši (present second-person singular)
velčetь (present singular third-person)
velkově (aorist dual first-person)
velkoxově (aorist dual first-person)
velketa (aorist dual second-person)
velkosta (aorist dual second-person)
velkete (aorist dual third-person)
velkoste (aorist dual third-person)
velčevě (dual first-person present)
velčeta (dual present second-person)
velčete (dual present third-person)
velkomъ (aorist first-person plural)
velkoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
velkete (aorist plural second-person)
velkoste (aorist plural second-person)
velkǫ (aorist plural third-person)
velkošę (aorist plural third-person)
velčemъ (first-person plural present)
velčete (plural present second-person)
velkǫtь (plural present third-person)
velčaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
velčaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
velčaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
velci (imperative second-person singular)
velci (imperative singular third-person)
velčaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
velčaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
velčaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
velcěvě (dual first-person imperative)
velcěta (dual imperative second-person)
velčaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
velčaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
velčaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
velcěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
velcěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: волочи (voloči)

Old Ruthenian: волочи (voloči)

Belarusian: валачы́ (valačý) (obsolete)

Ukrainian: волокти́ (voloktý)

Russian: воло́чь (volóčʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: влѣщи (vlěšti)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⰾⱑⱋⰹ (vlěšti)

Bulgarian: влека́ (vleká)

Macedonian: влече (vleče)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ву́ћи

Latin script: vúći

Slovene: vlẹ́či (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vléci

Czech: vléci, vléct

Old Polish: wlec

Polish: wlec

Slovak: vliecť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wlec

Lower Sorbian: wlac, lac

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *welk- / *wilk-. Cognate with Lithuanian vil̃kti, 3sg. vel̃ka, 3sg. past vil̃ko and Latvian vìlkt, 1sg. vȩ̀lku. Indo-European background unclear:
* Rix (LIV): From Proto-Indo-European *h₂welk-, cognate with Ancient Greek αὖλαξ (aûlax, “furrow”), Homeric ὦλκα (ôlka, “furrow”, acc. sg.).
* Derksen: LIV-proposed relationship is doubtful.
* Vasmer: From Proto-Indo-European *welk-, cognate with Ancient Greek ἕλκω (hélkō, “to drag”), Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬐- (var^ək-, “to drag”), 𐬟𐬭𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬗𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (frāuuarcaⁱti, “to carry off”), Latin sulcus (“furrow”), Albanian helq, heq (“to pull, to tear off”) < *solkeiō.

velčugo

reptile; literally a creature which creeps


prosterti

prostьrtьje (noun-from-verb)
prosterti (infinitive)
prostertъ (supine)
prostьrlъ (l-participle)
prostьrtъ (participle passive past)
prostьrъ (active participle past)
prosterxъ (aorist first-person singular)
proster (aorist second-person singular)
proster (aorist singular third-person)
prostьrǫ (first-person present singular)
prostьreši (present second-person singular)
prostьretь (present singular third-person)
prosterxově (aorist dual first-person)
prostersta (aorist dual second-person)
prosterste (aorist dual third-person)
prostьrevě (dual first-person present)
prostьreta (dual present second-person)
prostьrete (dual present third-person)
prosterxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
prosterste (aorist plural second-person)
prosteršę (aorist plural third-person)
prostьremъ (first-person plural present)
prostьrete (plural present second-person)
prostьrǫtь (plural present third-person)
prostьri (imperative second-person singular)
prostьri (imperative singular third-person)
prostьrěvě (dual first-person imperative)
prostьrěta (dual imperative second-person)
prostьrěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
prostьrěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

Belarusian: прасце́рці (prascjérci)

Russian: простере́ть (prosterétʹ), 1sg. простру́ (prostrú)

Ukrainian: просте́рти (prostérty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: прострѣти (prostrěti), 1sg. простьрѫ (prostĭrǫ)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: простра́ (prostrá)

Macedonian: простре (prostre)

Serbo-Croatian:

desc

про̀стрије̄ти

Cyrillic script: про̀стрије̄ти, 1sg. про̏стрије̄м

Latin: pròstrijēti, 1sg. prȍstrijēm

Slovene: prostrẹ́ti, 1sg. prostrȅm (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: prostřít

⇒ Old Polish: rozprostrzeć

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: přestrěć

Lower Sorbian: pśestŕeś


vьrtěti

vьrtě̀ti (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
vьrtěnьje (noun-from-verb)
vьrtěti (infinitive)
vьrtětъ (supine)
vьrtělъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
vьrtěnъ (participle passive past)
vьrtimъ (participle passive present)
vьrtěvъ (active participle past)
vьrtę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
vьrtěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
vьrtě (aorist second-person singular)
vьrtě (aorist singular third-person)
vьrťǫ (first-person present singular)
vьrtiši (present second-person singular)
vьrtitь (present singular third-person)
vьrtěxově (aorist dual first-person)
vьrtěsta (aorist dual second-person)
vьrtěste (aorist dual third-person)
vьrtivě (dual first-person present)
vьrtita (dual present second-person)
vьrtite (dual present third-person)
vьrtěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vьrtěste (aorist plural second-person)
vьrtěšę (aorist plural third-person)
vьrtimъ (first-person plural present)
vьrtite (plural present second-person)
vьrtętь (plural present third-person)
vьrtěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vьrtěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vьrtěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vьrti (imperative second-person singular)
vьrti (imperative singular third-person)
vьrtěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vьrtěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vьrtěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vьrtivě (dual first-person imperative)
vьrtita (dual imperative second-person)
vьrtěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vьrtěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vьrtěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vьrtimъ (first-person imperative plural)
vьrtite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вьртѣти (vĭrtěti)

Old Ruthenian: вертѣти (vertěti)

Belarusian: вярце́ць (vjarcjécʹ)

Ukrainian: верті́ти (vertíty)

Russian: верте́ть (vertétʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: врьтѣти (vrĭtěti)

Bulgarian: въртя́ (vǎrtjá)

Macedonian: врти (vrti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: вр́тјети

Latin script: vŕtjeti

Slovene: vrtéti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vrtěti

Czech: vrtět

desctree

Old Polish: wiercieć
⇒ Silesian: wiertać

Slovak: vrtieť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wjerćić

Lower Sorbian: wjerśeś

Non-Slavic:

→ Aromanian: anvãrtescu (with an and -escu)

→ Romanian: învârti (with în)

→ Romanian: vârtej

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wirtḗˀtei, *wirstei from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥t-, from Proto-Indo-European *wert-.
Baltic cognates include
Lithuanian vir̃sti (“to fall, to collapse”), 1sg. virčiù, Latvian vḕrst (“to direct, to steer”), Old Prussian wīrst (“becomes”, 3sg.). Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit वर्तते (vártate, “to turn, to roll”), Latin vertō (“to turn”), Proto-Germanic *werþaną (“to become”).


pьrati

c (accent-paradigm)
pьranьje (noun-from-verb)
pьrati (infinitive)
pьratъ (supine)
pьralъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
pьranъ (participle passive past)
peromъ (participle passive present)
pьravъ (active participle past)
pery (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
pьraxъ (aorist first-person singular)
pьra (aorist second-person singular)
pьra (aorist singular third-person)
perǫ (first-person present singular)
pereši (present second-person singular)
peretь (present singular third-person)
pьraxově (aorist dual first-person)
pьrasta (aorist dual second-person)
pьraste (aorist dual third-person)
perevě (dual first-person present)
pereta (dual present second-person)
perete (dual present third-person)
pьraxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pьraste (aorist plural second-person)
pьrašę (aorist plural third-person)
peremъ (first-person plural present)
perete (plural present second-person)
perǫtь (plural present third-person)
pьraaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pьraaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pьraaše (imperfect singular third-person)
peri (imperative second-person singular)
peri (imperative singular third-person)
pьraaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pьraašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pьraašete (dual imperfect third-person)
perěvě (dual first-person imperative)
perěta (dual imperative second-person)
pьraaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pьraašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pьraaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
perěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
perěte (imperative plural second-person)

Church Slavonic: перу (peru, “I fly, I move”) (Russian)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: 1sg. перѫ (perǫ, “I fly”), 3pl. перѫтъ (perǫtŭ, “they fly”)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

* Per Derksen, related to *però (“wing”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥H-, from *perH-. Cognate with Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌽 (faran, “to wander”), German fahren (“to travel”), English fare, and less directly with Lithuanian spar̃nas (“wing”), Latvian spā̀rns (“wing”), Sanskrit पर्ण (parṇá, “wing”), Ancient Greek πτερόν (pterón, “wing”), Old English fearn (“fern”), English fern, Old Irish raith (“fern”).
* Per Vasmer, cognate with Ancient Greek πείρω (peírō, “to pierce, to break”), περάω (peráō, “to pierce, to break”), πόρος (póros, “passage”), πορθμός (porthmós, “isthmus, crossing”), Sanskrit पिपर्ति (píparti, “to transport, to transfer”), Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌽 (faran, “to wander”), German fahren (“to travel”), English fare. This apparently reflects Proto-Indo-European *per-, without a laryngeal.
* Others derive both *però (“wing”) and Ancient Greek πτερόν (pterón, “wing”) from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥, cognate with English feather.
Note that Vasmer derives Old Church Slavonic перѫтъ (perǫtŭ, “they fly”) from Proto-Slavic *perti (“to fly”) (etymologically separate from the normal verb of that shape). This derivation is not consistent with evidence from other languages, which show that *perti has 1sg. *pьrǫ rather than **perǫ. Vasmer also includes Russian пере́ть (perétʹ, “to move, to travel”) as a derivative of this putative verb rather than as a colloquial, secondary development from the primary meaning "to drag".


pьrati

pьràti (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
pьranьje (noun-from-verb)
pьrati (infinitive)
pьratъ (supine)
pьralъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
pьranъ (participle passive past)
peromъ (participle passive present)
pьravъ (active participle past)
pery (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
pьraxъ (aorist first-person singular)
pьra (aorist second-person singular)
pьra (aorist singular third-person)
perǫ (first-person present singular)
pereši (present second-person singular)
peretь (present singular third-person)
pьraxově (aorist dual first-person)
pьrasta (aorist dual second-person)
pьraste (aorist dual third-person)
perevě (dual first-person present)
pereta (dual present second-person)
perete (dual present third-person)
pьraxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pьraste (aorist plural second-person)
pьrašę (aorist plural third-person)
peremъ (first-person plural present)
perete (plural present second-person)
perǫtь (plural present third-person)
pьraaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pьraaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pьraaše (imperfect singular third-person)
peri (imperative second-person singular)
peri (imperative singular third-person)
pьraaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pьraašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pьraašete (dual imperfect third-person)
perěvě (dual first-person imperative)
perěta (dual imperative second-person)
pьraaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pьraašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pьraaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
perěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
perěte (imperative plural second-person)

Church Slavonic: пьрати (pĭrati)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: пьрати (pĭrati)

Belarusian: праць (pracʹ)

desc

Russian: прать (pratʹ), попра́ть (poprátʹ)

Ukrainian: пра́ти (práty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: пера́ (perá)

Macedonian: пере (pere)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пра̏ти

Latin script: prȁti

Slovene: práti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: práti

Czech: prát

Kashubian: prac

Polish: prać

Slovak: prať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: prać

Lower Sorbian: praś

Formed as *perti + *-ati, descending either from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to propel, forwards”) or from Proto-Indo-European *(s)perH- (“to trample, to spurn”) (see *perti for further explanation). The present tense declension continues the simple thematic forms *(s)per(H)-é-ti.


sǫditi

sǫdìti (canonical)
sǭdìti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
sǫďenьje (noun-from-verb)
sǫditi (infinitive)
sǫditъ (supine)
sǫdilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
sǫďenъ (participle passive past)
sǫdimъ (participle passive present)
sǫďь (active participle past)
sǫdę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
sǫdixъ (aorist first-person singular)
sǫdi (aorist second-person singular)
sǫdi (aorist singular third-person)
sǫďǫ (first-person present singular)
sǫdiši (present second-person singular)
sǫditь (present singular third-person)
sǫdixově (aorist dual first-person)
sǫdista (aorist dual second-person)
sǫdiste (aorist dual third-person)
sǫdivě (dual first-person present)
sǫdita (dual present second-person)
sǫdite (dual present third-person)
sǫdixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sǫdiste (aorist plural second-person)
sǫdišę (aorist plural third-person)
sǫdimъ (first-person plural present)
sǫdite (plural present second-person)
sǫdętь (plural present third-person)
sǫďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sǫďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sǫďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sǫdi (imperative second-person singular)
sǫdi (imperative singular third-person)
sǫďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sǫďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sǫďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sǫdivě (dual first-person imperative)
sǫdita (dual imperative second-person)
sǫďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sǫďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sǫďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sǫdimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sǫdite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сѫди́ти (sǫdíti)

Old Ruthenian: суди́ти (sudíti)

Belarusian: судзі́ць (sudzícʹ)

Ukrainian: суди́ти (sudýty)

Middle Russian: суди́ти (sudíti)

Russian: суди́ть (sudítʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сѫдити (sǫditi)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱘⰴⰺⱅⰺ (sǫditi)

Bulgarian: съ́дя (sǎ́dja)

Macedonian: суди (sudi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: су́дити

Latin script: súditi

Slovene: sọ́diti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: súditi

Czech: soudit

desctree

Old Polish: sędzić
Polish: sądzić
Silesian: sōndzić

Slovak: súdiť

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: sãdzëc

Slovincian: sãdzëc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: sudźić

Lower Sorbian: suźiś

→ Albanian: sodit

→ Estonian: sundima

→ Romanian: osândi


perti

pérti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
pьrtьje (noun-from-verb)
perti (infinitive)
pertъ (supine)
pьrlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
pьrtъ (participle passive past)
pьromъ (participle passive present)
pьrъ (active participle past)
pьry (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
perxъ (aorist first-person singular)
per (aorist second-person singular)
per (aorist singular third-person)
pьrǫ (first-person present singular)
pьreši (present second-person singular)
pьretь (present singular third-person)
perxově (aorist dual first-person)
persta (aorist dual second-person)
perste (aorist dual third-person)
pьrevě (dual first-person present)
pьreta (dual present second-person)
pьrete (dual present third-person)
perxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
perste (aorist plural second-person)
peršę (aorist plural third-person)
pьremъ (first-person plural present)
pьrete (plural present second-person)
pьrǫtь (plural present third-person)
pьrěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pьrěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pьrěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pьri (imperative second-person singular)
pьri (imperative singular third-person)
pьrěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pьrěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pьrěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pьrěvě (dual first-person imperative)
pьrěta (dual imperative second-person)
pьrěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pьrěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pьrěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pьrěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
pьrěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

Belarusian: пе́рці (pjérci), 1sg. пру (pru)

desc

Russian: пере́ть (perétʹ, “to push, to drag; (colloquial) to move, to travel”), 1sg. пру (pru), 3sg. прёт (prjot)

Ukrainian: пе́рти (pérty), 1sg. пру (pru)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: прѣти (prěti, “to quarrel”), 1sg. пьрѫ (pĭrǫ)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: запра́ (zaprá), запи́рам (zapíram, “to detain, to prohibit”)

Macedonian: запре (zapre, “to stop”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: за̀пре̄ти (“to bar, to lock”), 1sg. за̏пре̄м

Latin: zàprēti (“to bar, to lock”), 1sg. zȁprēm

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: zaprẹ́ti (“to bar, to lock”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. zaprȅm (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: přieti sě (“to challenge”)

Czech: přít se (“to quarrel”), 1sg. pru se, přu se; (obsolete) přít (“to deny, to renounce”), 1sg. přu, přím; zapřít (“to enclose, to obstruct”), 1sg. zapru

desc

Polish: przeć (“to push, to press (on)”), 1sg. prę

Slovak: zaprieť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: prěć (“to refuse, to renounce”)

Lower Sorbian: pŕěś (“to refuse, to renounce”)

* Per Derksen, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *pertei, from Proto-Indo-European *per-. Baltic cognates include Lithuanian per̃ti (“to beat with a broom (in a bath)”), and wider Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit पृत् (pṛt), पृतन (pṛ́tana), पृतना (pṛ́tanā, “struggle, dispute, battle”), Old Armenian հարկանեմ (harkanem, “to beat”).
* Per Vasmer, cognates also include Latvian pḕrt (“to beat, to pound”), pirêtiês (“to quarrel”), Avestan 𐬞𐬆𐬱𐬀𐬥𐬀 (pəšana, “battle”), 𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀𐬥𐬙𐬉 (pər^ətantē, “they are fighting”), Sanskrit परि (parí), परिन् (parin, “enemy”), Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬭- (par-, “stand in the way”). Vasmer also includes various cognates beginning with *sp- that may reflect a separate Indo-European root *sperH- or *perH: Lithuanian spìrti (“to prop up”), 1sg. Lithuanian spiriù and Lithuanian ãtsparas (“support, stand”), and wider Indo-European cognates Latin spernō (“to spurn”), English spurn, Sanskrit स्फुरति (sphuráti, “to kick away, to shudder”), Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (sparaⁱti, “to trample, to push”).
Vasmer treats the Russian meanings "to move, to travel" as belonging to an entirely separate homophonous verb, also found in Old Church Slavonic перѫтъ (perǫtŭ, “they fly”), but this form more correctly stems from the Proto-Slavic verb *pьrati (“to fly”), and the Russian meanings are colloquial and likely to be extensions of the underlying meaning "to drag".

cog

→ to quarrel, deny, renounce


sějati

sě̀jati (canonical)
sějanьje (noun-from-verb)
sějati (infinitive)
sějatъ (supine)
sějalъ (l-participle)
sějanъ (participle passive past)
sějemъ (participle passive present)
sějavъ (active participle past)
sěję (active participle present)
sějaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sěja (aorist second-person singular)
sěja (aorist singular third-person)
sějǫ (first-person present singular)
sěješi (present second-person singular)
sějetь (present singular third-person)
sějaxově (aorist dual first-person)
sějasta (aorist dual second-person)
sějaste (aorist dual third-person)
sějevě (dual first-person present)
sějeta (dual present second-person)
sějete (dual present third-person)
sějaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sějaste (aorist plural second-person)
sějašę (aorist plural third-person)
sějemъ (first-person plural present)
sějete (plural present second-person)
sějǫtь (plural present third-person)
sějaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sějaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sějaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sěji (imperative second-person singular)
sěji (imperative singular third-person)
sějaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sějaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sějaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sějivě (dual first-person imperative)
sějita (dual imperative second-person)
sějaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sějaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sějaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sějite (imperative plural second-person)


měriti

mě̀riti (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
měřenьje (noun-from-verb)
měriti (infinitive)
měritъ (supine)
měrilъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
měřenъ (participle passive past)
měrimъ (participle passive present)
měřь (active participle past)
měrę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
měrixъ (aorist first-person singular)
měri (aorist second-person singular)
měri (aorist singular third-person)
měřǫ (first-person present singular)
měriši (present second-person singular)
měritь (present singular third-person)
měrixově (aorist dual first-person)
měrista (aorist dual second-person)
měriste (aorist dual third-person)
měrivě (dual first-person present)
měrita (dual present second-person)
měrite (dual present third-person)
měrixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
měriste (aorist plural second-person)
měrišę (aorist plural third-person)
měrimъ (first-person plural present)
měrite (plural present second-person)
měrętь (plural present third-person)
měřaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
měřaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
měřaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
měri (imperative second-person singular)
měri (imperative singular third-person)
měřaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
měřaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
měřaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
měrivě (dual first-person imperative)
měrita (dual imperative second-person)
měřaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
měřaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
měřaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
měrimъ (first-person imperative plural)
měrite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мѣрити (měriti)

Belarusian: ме́раць (mjéracʹ)

Russian: ме́рить (méritʹ)

Ukrainian: мі́рити (míryty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: мѣрити (měriti)

Glagolitic script: ⰿⱑⱃⰻⱅⰻ (měriti)

Bulgarian: ме́ря (mérja)

Macedonian: мери (meri)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ме̏рити

Latin script: mȅriti

Slovene: mẹ́riti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: měřiti, mieřiti

Czech: měřit, mířit

Polabian: merĕ

Old Polish: mierzyć

Polish: mierzyć

Slovak: mieriť

Slovincian: mjêrzëc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: měrić

Lower Sorbian: měriś

Non-Slavic:

→ Lithuanian: miẽryti

→ Latvian: mẽrît

→ Old Prussian: ermīrit, pomīrit


derti

dertì (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
dьrtьje (noun-from-verb)
derti (infinitive)
dertъ (supine)
dьrlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
dьrtъ (participle passive past)
dьromъ (participle passive present)
dьrъ (active participle past)
dьry (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
derxъ (aorist first-person singular)
der (aorist second-person singular)
der (aorist singular third-person)
dьrǫ (first-person present singular)
dьreši (present second-person singular)
dьretь (present singular third-person)
derxově (aorist dual first-person)
dersta (aorist dual second-person)
derste (aorist dual third-person)
dьrevě (dual first-person present)
dьreta (dual present second-person)
dьrete (dual present third-person)
derxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
derste (aorist plural second-person)
deršę (aorist plural third-person)
dьremъ (first-person plural present)
dьrete (plural present second-person)
dьrǫtь (plural present third-person)
dьrěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dьrěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dьrěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dьri (imperative second-person singular)
dьri (imperative singular third-person)
dьrěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dьrěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dьrěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dьrěvě (dual first-person imperative)
dьrěta (dual imperative second-person)
dьrěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dьrěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dьrěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dьrěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
dьrěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: дзерці (dzjerci)

Ukrainian: дерти (derty)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дријѐти

Latin script: drijèti

Slovene: drẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dřieti

Czech: dřít

Polish: drzeć

Slovak: drieť

Slovincian: drzéc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: drjeć, drěć

Lower Sorbian: drěś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *derˀtéi (“to tear; to peel”), reanalyzed athematic root aorist of Proto-Indo-European *derH- (“to split, to separate; to tear, to crack, to shatter”).
Cognate with Lithuanian dérti (“to tear, to peel”) (Žemaitian dialect), as well as Ancient Greek δέρω (dérō, “to flay”), Proto-Germanic *teraną (“to tear; snatch or pull off [from]; tug”).


česati

česàti (canonical)
b (accent-paradigm)
česanьje (noun-from-verb)
česati (infinitive)
česatъ (supine)
česalъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
česanъ (participle passive past)
češemъ (participle passive present)
česavъ (active participle past)
češę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
česaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
česa (aorist second-person singular)
česa (aorist singular third-person)
češǫ (first-person present singular)
češeši (present second-person singular)
češetь (present singular third-person)
česaxově (aorist dual first-person)
česasta (aorist dual second-person)
česaste (aorist dual third-person)
češevě (dual first-person present)
češeta (dual present second-person)
češete (dual present third-person)
česaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
česaste (aorist plural second-person)
česašę (aorist plural third-person)
češemъ (first-person plural present)
češete (plural present second-person)
češǫtь (plural present third-person)
česaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
česaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
česaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
češi (imperative second-person singular)
češi (imperative singular third-person)
česaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
česaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
česaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
češivě (dual first-person imperative)
češita (dual imperative second-person)
česaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
česaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
česaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
češimъ (first-person imperative plural)
češite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: чесати (česati)

Belarusian: часа́ць (časácʹ)

Russian: чеса́ть (česátʹ)

Ukrainian: чеса́ти (česáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: чесати (česati)

Glagolitic script: ⱍⰵⱄⰰⱅⰻ (česati)

Bulgarian: че́ша (čéša)

Macedonian: чеша (češa)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: чѐшати

Latin script: čèšati

Slovene: česáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: česati

Czech: česat

Kashubian: czosac

Polabian: cesăt

Old Polish: czosać
Polish: czesać

Slovak: česať

Slovincian: czôsac

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: česać

Lower Sorbian: cesaś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *késtei, from Proto-Indo-European *kes-.


vęzati

vę̄zàti (canonical)
b (accent-paradigm)
vęzanьje (noun-from-verb)
vęzati (infinitive)
vęzatъ (supine)
vęzalъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
vęzanъ (participle passive past)
vęžemъ (participle passive present)
vęzavъ (active participle past)
vęžę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
vęzaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
vęza (aorist second-person singular)
vęza (aorist singular third-person)
vęžǫ (first-person present singular)
vęžeši (present second-person singular)
vęžetь (present singular third-person)
vęzaxově (aorist dual first-person)
vęzasta (aorist dual second-person)
vęzaste (aorist dual third-person)
vęževě (dual first-person present)
vęžeta (dual present second-person)
vęžete (dual present third-person)
vęzaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vęzaste (aorist plural second-person)
vęzašę (aorist plural third-person)
vęžemъ (first-person plural present)
vęžete (plural present second-person)
vęžǫtь (plural present third-person)
vęzaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vęzaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vęzaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vęži (imperative second-person singular)
vęži (imperative singular third-person)
vęzaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vęzaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vęzaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vęživě (dual first-person imperative)
vęžita (dual imperative second-person)
vęzaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vęzaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vęzaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vęžimъ (first-person imperative plural)
vęžite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вѧзати

Belarusian: вяза́ць (vjazácʹ)

Russian: вяза́ть (vjazátʹ)

Ukrainian: в'яза́ти (vʺjazáty)

Carpathian Rusyn: вязати (vjazaty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: вѧзати

Glagolitic script: ⰲⱔⰸⰰⱅⰻ (vęzati)

desc

Bulgarian: ве́жа (véža) (obsolescent, dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ве́зати

Latin script: vézati

Slovene: vẹ́zati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vázati

Czech: vázat

Bohemian (Chod dialect): vázat

Kashubian: wiãzac

Polabian: v́ǫzăt

desctree

Old Polish: więzać
Polish: wiązać
Silesian: wiōnzać

Slovak: viazať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wjazać

Lower Sorbian: wjezaś

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂enǵʰ- (“to constrict, tighten”). (Originally *h₂m̥ǵʰ-?) Cognate with Hittite [script needed] (ḫamank, “to tie, to betroth”) < *h₂m-(o)n-ǵʰ-, Ancient Greek ἄγχω (ánkhō, “to strangle, to squeeze”), Latin angere (“to strangle, to choke”), Old High German engi (“narrow”). Derksen says the initial *v- is "unclear"; Vasmer attributes it to contamination with *verzti (“to tie, to squeeze”), while Chernykh sees contamination with *viti (“to twist”).


nyti

nytьje (noun-from-verb)
nyti (infinitive)
nytъ (supine)
nylъ (l-participle)
nytъ (participle passive past)
nyjemъ (participle passive present)
nyvъ (active participle past)
nyję (active participle present)
nyxъ (aorist first-person singular)
ny (aorist second-person singular)
ny (aorist singular third-person)
nyjǫ (first-person present singular)
nyješi (present second-person singular)
nyjetь (present singular third-person)
nyxově (aorist dual first-person)
nysta (aorist dual second-person)
nyste (aorist dual third-person)
nyjevě (dual first-person present)
nyjeta (dual present second-person)
nyjete (dual present third-person)
nyxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
nyste (aorist plural second-person)
nyšę (aorist plural third-person)
nyjemъ (first-person plural present)
nyjete (plural present second-person)
nyjǫtь (plural present third-person)
nyjaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
nyjaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
nyjaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
nyji (imperative second-person singular)
nyji (imperative singular third-person)
nyjaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
nyjaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
nyjaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
nyjivě (dual first-person imperative)
nyjita (dual imperative second-person)
nyjaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
nyjaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
nyjaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
nyjimъ (first-person imperative plural)
nyjite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: нꙑти (nyti)

Belarusian: ныць (nycʹ)

Russian: ныть (nytʹ)

Ukrainian: ни́ти (nýty)

South Slavic:

⇒ Old Church Slavonic: оунꙑти (unyti)

⇒ Bulgarian: унѝвам (unìvam)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: nýti

Czech: nýt

Kashubian: nyc, nëc

Polish: nyć (obsolete)

Slovak: nyť (poetic)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: nyć

* Derksen: From Proto-Balto-Slavic *nūˀ(d)-, cognate with Lithuanian panū́sti (“to yearn”). Derksen considers the most likely cognates outside of Balto-Slavic to be Old High German nôt (“need, force”), Old English nēod (“need”), English need, which may contain a Proto-Indo-European suffix *-ti- based off of a root *newH- (or *new-). Derksen assumes a relationship with *nùditi (“to compel, to force”) and *nùtiti (“to compel, to force”), which may have distinct root enlargements on top of the same underlying root.
* Vasmer, Trubačev (ESSJa), Chernykh: Cognate with Old East Slavic навь (navĭ), навье (navĭe, “dead man”), Lithuanian nõvyti (“to torment, to ruin, to afflict”), Latvian nâvêt (“to kill”), Latvian nâvîtiês (“to worry, to agonize”), Gothic 𐌽𐌰𐌿𐍃 (naus, “dead man, corpse”) (from Proto-Germanic *nawiz (“corpse”)), Old Irish núnа (“hunger”), from Proto-Indo-European *neh₂w-.

unyti

to lose heart, to be cast down, to be dejected or depressed


gnesti

gnestì (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
gnetenьje (noun-from-verb)
gnesti (infinitive)
gnestъ (supine)
gnetlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
gnetenъ (participle passive past)
gnetomъ (participle passive present)
gnetъ (active participle past)
gnety (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
gnetъ (aorist first-person singular)
gnetoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
gnete (aorist second-person singular)
gnete (aorist singular third-person)
gnetǫ (first-person present singular)
gneteši (present second-person singular)
gnetetь (present singular third-person)
gnetově (aorist dual first-person)
gnetoxově (aorist dual first-person)
gneteta (aorist dual second-person)
gnetosta (aorist dual second-person)
gnetete (aorist dual third-person)
gnetoste (aorist dual third-person)
gnetevě (dual first-person present)
gneteta (dual present second-person)
gnetete (dual present third-person)
gnetomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gnetoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gnetete (aorist plural second-person)
gnetoste (aorist plural second-person)
gnetǫ (aorist plural third-person)
gnetošę (aorist plural third-person)
gnetemъ (first-person plural present)
gnetete (plural present second-person)
gnetǫtь (plural present third-person)
gnetěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gnetěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gnetěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gneti (imperative second-person singular)
gneti (imperative singular third-person)
gnetěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gnetěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gnetěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gnetěvě (dual first-person imperative)
gnetěta (dual imperative second-person)
gnetěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gnetěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gnetěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gnetěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
gnetěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гнести (gnesti)

Belarusian: гне́сці (hnjésci)

Russian: гнести́ (gnestí)

Ukrainian: гнести́ (hnestý)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: гнести (gnesti)

Glagolitic script: ⰳⱀⰵⱄⱅⰻ (gnesti)

Bulgarian: гнетя̀ (gnetjà)

Macedonian: гнете (gnete)

Serbo-Croatian:

Serbo-Croatian: гњѐсти

Serbo-Croatian: gnjèsti

Slovene: gnésti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hňésti

Czech: hníst

Kashubian: gniesc

Polabian: gnest

Polish: gnieść

Slovak: hniesť

Slovincian: gnjêsc

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gnestei, from Proto-Indo-European *gnét-ti, from *gnet-. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *knudaną.


rъvati

rъvàti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
rъvanьje (noun-from-verb)
rъvati (infinitive)
rъvatъ (supine)
rъvalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
rъvanъ (participle passive past)
rъvomъ (participle passive present)
rъvavъ (active participle past)
rъvy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
rъvaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
rъva (aorist second-person singular)
rъva (aorist singular third-person)
rъvǫ (first-person present singular)
rъveši (present second-person singular)
rъvetь (present singular third-person)
rъvaxově (aorist dual first-person)
rъvasta (aorist dual second-person)
rъvaste (aorist dual third-person)
rъvevě (dual first-person present)
rъveta (dual present second-person)
rъvete (dual present third-person)
rъvaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
rъvaste (aorist plural second-person)
rъvašę (aorist plural third-person)
rъvemъ (first-person plural present)
rъvete (plural present second-person)
rъvǫtь (plural present third-person)
rъvaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
rъvaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
rъvaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
rъvi (imperative second-person singular)
rъvi (imperative singular third-person)
rъvaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
rъvaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
rъvaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
rъvěvě (dual first-person imperative)
rъvěta (dual imperative second-person)
rъvaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
rъvaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
rъvaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
rъvěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
rъvěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ръвати (rŭvati)

desc

Belarusian: рваць (rvacʹ), ірва́ць (irvácʹ)

Russian: рвать (rvatʹ)

Ukrainian: рва́ти (rváty), ірва́ти (irváty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: ръвати (rŭvati)

Bulgarian: ръва́ (rǎvá) (obsolete)

⇒ Bulgarian: ръ́фам (rǎ́fam)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: р̀вати, хр̀вати

Latin script: r̀vati, hr̀vati

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: rváti, ruváti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: rvát

Polish: rwać

Slovak: rvať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: rwać

Lower Sorbian: rwaś

Baltic cognates include Lithuanian ravė́ti (“to weed”), 1sg. raviù, Latvian ravêt (“to weed”), Lithuanian ráuti (“to tear out, to pull”), Latvian raût (“to tear, to pull, to take”). Further connections:
* Vasmer: Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit रवति (rávati, “to smash, to crush”), Latin ruere (“to rip, to dig”), rūtrum (“spade”), Ancient Greek ἐρυσίχθων (erusíkhthōn, “raking the ground”), Irish ruam (“spade”) < *roumā. (This root is normally reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European *Hrew-.)
* Derksen: From Proto-Indo-European *(H)ruH-. Indo-European cognates include Old Norse rýja (“to tear out wool”), Latin rūta caesa (“minerals already dug up, timber already felled, when an estate is sold”). Derksen seems unwilling to include Vasmer's cognates due to his assumption of a laryngeal in the root, required in his view to account for the acute tone of *rỳti.
Distantly related to English reave etc., from Proto-Germanic *reufaną, from a PIE root extension *Hrewp- of the above root, and with a further extension to Latin rumpō (“to burst”). Not related to English rift etc., from Proto-Germanic *rīfaną.


sъsati

sъsàti (canonical imperfective)
sъsanьje (noun-from-verb)
sъsati (infinitive)
sъsatъ (supine)
sъsalъ (l-participle)
sъsanъ (participle passive past)
sъsomъ (participle passive present)
sъsavъ (active participle past)
sъsy (active participle present)
sъsaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sъsa (aorist second-person singular)
sъsa (aorist singular third-person)
sъsǫ (first-person present singular)
sъseši (present second-person singular)
sъsetь (present singular third-person)
sъsaxově (aorist dual first-person)
sъsasta (aorist dual second-person)
sъsaste (aorist dual third-person)
sъsevě (dual first-person present)
sъseta (dual present second-person)
sъsete (dual present third-person)
sъsaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sъsaste (aorist plural second-person)
sъsašę (aorist plural third-person)
sъsemъ (first-person plural present)
sъsete (plural present second-person)
sъsǫtь (plural present third-person)
sъsaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sъsaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sъsaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sъsi (imperative second-person singular)
sъsi (imperative singular third-person)
sъsaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sъsaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sъsaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sъsěvě (dual first-person imperative)
sъsěta (dual imperative second-person)
sъsaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sъsaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sъsaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sъsěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
sъsěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: съса́ти (sŭsáti)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: сса́ти (ssáti)
Belarusian: ссаць (ssacʹ)
Carpathian Rusyn: сса́ти (ssáty); цуца́ти (cucáty), ціца́ти (cicáty)
Ukrainian: сса́ти (ssáty); сца́ти (scáty), сиса́ти (sysáty) (dialectal)

Russian: соса́ть (sosátʹ); сса́ть (ssátʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: съсати (sŭsati)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱏⱄⰰⱅⰻ (sŭsati)

desc

Bulgarian: си́сам (sísam) (archaic, dialectal)

Macedonian: цица (cica) (?)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: са̏ти, си̏сати

Latin script: sȁti, sȉsati

Slovene: sesáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: ssáti

Czech: sát

Kashubian: susac

Old Polish: ssać

Polish: ssać

Slovak: sať

* Derksen: From Proto-Balto-Slavic *suś- / *suk-, from Proto-Indo-European *sewḱ-. Cognate with Latvian sùkt, Latin sūcus (“juice”). Proto-Indo-European root variant *sewǵ- produces English suck (Proto-Germanic *sūkaną), Latin sūgō (“to suck”) (inf. sūgere).
* Chernykh: Derived from earlier *sъpsati, from Proto-Indo-European *sew(H)-, with extended variants *sewp-, *sewb-. Cognate with Gothic 𐍃𐌿𐍀𐍉𐌽 (supōn, “to spice, to season”), Old English sūpan (“to drink, to slurp”), English sup, Sanskrit सूप (sū́pa, “soup”).


tręsti

tręstì (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
tręsenьje (noun-from-verb)
tręsti (infinitive)
tręstъ (supine)
tręslъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
tręsenъ (participle passive past)
tręsomъ (participle passive present)
tręsъ (active participle past)
tręsy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
tręsъ (aorist first-person singular)
tręsoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
tręse (aorist second-person singular)
tręse (aorist singular third-person)
tręsǫ (first-person present singular)
tręseši (present second-person singular)
tręsetь (present singular third-person)
tręsově (aorist dual first-person)
tręsoxově (aorist dual first-person)
tręseta (aorist dual second-person)
tręsosta (aorist dual second-person)
tręsete (aorist dual third-person)
tręsoste (aorist dual third-person)
tręsevě (dual first-person present)
tręseta (dual present second-person)
tręsete (dual present third-person)
tręsomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tręsoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tręsete (aorist plural second-person)
tręsoste (aorist plural second-person)
tręsǫ (aorist plural third-person)
tręsošę (aorist plural third-person)
tręsemъ (first-person plural present)
tręsete (plural present second-person)
tręsǫtь (plural present third-person)
tręsěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tręsěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tręsěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
tręsi (imperative second-person singular)
tręsi (imperative singular third-person)
tręsěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tręsěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tręsěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tręsěvě (dual first-person imperative)
tręsěta (dual imperative second-person)
tręsěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tręsěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tręsěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tręsěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
tręsěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: трясти (trjasti)

Belarusian: трэ́сці (trésci)

Russian: трясти́ (trjastí)

Ukrainian: трясти́ (trjastý)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: трѧсти

Glagolitic: ⱅⱃⱔⱄⱅⰻ (tręsti)

Bulgarian: треса́ (tresá)

Macedonian: тресе (trese)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тре́сти

Latin script: trésti

Slovene: trẹ́sti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: trzisc

Old Czech: třiesti

Czech: třást

Old Polish: trząść

Polish: trząść

Slovak: triasť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: třasć

Lower Sorbian: tśěsć

Per Vasmer, Rix (LIV) and Chernykh, a contamination of Proto-Indo-European *trem- and *tres-:
* *trem- produces Lithuanian trìmti (“to shiver with cold”), 1sg. trimù, Lithuanian trémti (“to knock over”), 1sg. tremiù, Latin tremō (“to shiver”), inf. tremere, Ancient Greek τρέμω (trémō, “to shiver”), Tocharian A träm- (“to shiver”), Tocharian B tremem (“trepidation”), Albanian trëmp (“to get frightened”) (Tosk), trem (“to get frightened”) (Gheg), Old Saxon thrimman (“to jump”).
* *tres- produces Sanskrit त्रसति (trásati, “to shiver”), Avestan 𐬙𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬯𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (tər^əsaⁱti, “to tremble”), Ancient Greek τρέω (tréō, “to tremble”), aorist τρέσσαι (tréssai).


grěti

grě̀ti (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
grěnьje (noun-from-verb)
grěti (infinitive)
grětъ (supine)
grělъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
grěnъ (participle passive past)
grějemъ (participle passive present)
grěvъ (active participle past)
grěję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
grěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
grě (aorist second-person singular)
grě (aorist singular third-person)
grějǫ (first-person present singular)
grěješi (present second-person singular)
grějetь (present singular third-person)
grěxově (aorist dual first-person)
grěsta (aorist dual second-person)
grěste (aorist dual third-person)
grějevě (dual first-person present)
grějeta (dual present second-person)
grějete (dual present third-person)
grěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
grěste (aorist plural second-person)
grěšę (aorist plural third-person)
grějemъ (first-person plural present)
grějete (plural present second-person)
grějǫtь (plural present third-person)
grěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
grěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
grěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
grěji (imperative second-person singular)
grěji (imperative singular third-person)
grěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
grěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
grěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
grějivě (dual first-person imperative)
grějita (dual imperative second-person)
grěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
grěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
grěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
grějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
grějite (imperative plural second-person)
grějanьje (noun-from-verb)
grějati (infinitive)
grějatъ (supine)
grějalъ (l-participle)
grějanъ (participle passive past)
grějemъ (participle passive present)
grějavъ (active participle past)
grěję (active participle present)
grějaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
grěja (aorist second-person singular)
grěja (aorist singular third-person)
grějǫ (first-person present singular)
grěješi (present second-person singular)
grějetь (present singular third-person)
grějaxově (aorist dual first-person)
grějasta (aorist dual second-person)
grějaste (aorist dual third-person)
grějevě (dual first-person present)
grějeta (dual present second-person)
grějete (dual present third-person)
grějaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
grějaste (aorist plural second-person)
grějašę (aorist plural third-person)
grějemъ (first-person plural present)
grějete (plural present second-person)
grějǫtь (plural present third-person)
grějaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
grějaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
grějaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
grěji (imperative second-person singular)
grěji (imperative singular third-person)
grějaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
grějaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
grějaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
grějivě (dual first-person imperative)
grějita (dual imperative second-person)
grějaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
grějaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
grějaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
grějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
grějite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: грѣти (grěti); грѣꙗтисꙗ (grějatisja)

Belarusian: грэць (hrecʹ)

Russian: гре́ть (grétʹ)

Ukrainian: грі́ти (hríty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: грѣти (grěti)

Glagolitic script: ⰳⱃⱑⱅⰻ (grěti)

Bulgarian: гре́я (gréja)

Macedonian: грее (gree)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гре̏јати

Latin: grȅjati

Slovene: grẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hřieti

Czech: hřát

Polabian: grijot

Polish: grzać

Silesian: grzŏć

Slovak: hriať

Slovincian: grzoc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: hrěć

Lower Sorbian: grěś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *grḗˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰr-éh₁-ti, from *gʷʰer- (“to heat”) + *-éh₁ti (“stative suffix”). Cognate with Ancient Greek θερέω (theréō), Albanian ngroh.


dьržati

c (accent-paradigm)
dьržanьje (noun-from-verb)
dьržati (infinitive)
dьržatъ (supine)
dьržalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
dьržanъ (participle passive past)
dьržimъ (participle passive present)
dьržavъ (active participle past)
dьržę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
dьržaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dьrža (aorist second-person singular)
dьrža (aorist singular third-person)
dьržǫ (first-person present singular)
dьržiši (present second-person singular)
dьržitь (present singular third-person)
dьržaxově (aorist dual first-person)
dьržasta (aorist dual second-person)
dьržaste (aorist dual third-person)
dьrživě (dual first-person present)
dьržita (dual present second-person)
dьržite (dual present third-person)
dьržaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dьržaste (aorist plural second-person)
dьržašę (aorist plural third-person)
dьržimъ (first-person plural present)
dьržite (plural present second-person)
dьržętь (plural present third-person)
dьržaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dьržaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dьržaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dьrži (imperative second-person singular)
dьrži (imperative singular third-person)
dьržaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dьržaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dьržaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dьrživě (dual first-person imperative)
dьržita (dual imperative second-person)
dьržaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dьržaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dьržaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dьržimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dьržite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: дьржати (dĭržati), держати (deržati)
Old Ruthenian: держати (deržati)
Belarusian: дзіржа́ць (dziržácʹ) (dialectal)
Carpathian Rusyn: держа́ти (deržáty)
Ukrainian: держа́ти (deržáty)
Russian: держа́ть (deržátʹ)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: дрьжати (drĭžati), дръжати (drŭžati)

→ Old East Slavic: дрьжати (drĭžati), дръжати (drŭžati)

Bulgarian: държа́ (dǎržá)

Macedonian: држи (drži)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: др̀жати

Latin script: dr̀žati

Slovene: dŕžati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: držet

Old Polish: dzierżeć

Polish: dzierżyć (archaic)

Slovak: držať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: dźeržeć

Lower Sorbian: źaržaś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dirg-/*dеrg-.
* Per Derksen and Vasmer, from earlier *dьrg-ěti, from extension of Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- or *der-.
** Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬀𐬲𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬉 (dražaitē, “to hold”), inf. 𐬛𐬭𐬁𐬘𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬈 (drājaŋhe). Further cognates are either:
*** *dʰer-: Lithuanian derė́ti, Sanskrit धारयति (dhāráyati, “to hold”), Latin firmus, Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎫𐎡𐎹 (d-a-r-y-t-i-y /dārayatiy/)
*** *der-: Ancient Greek δράσσομαι (drássomai), Attic δράττομαι (dráttomai, “to seize, to grab”), which is (per Vasmer) cognate with Proto-Slavic *dьrgati (“to pull”), from [extension of] Proto-Indo-European *der- (> *dьrati (“to tear”)).
* Trubachev discusses the above etymology but discounts it in favor of reconstructing earlier *dьrz-jati, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ-. But usually suffix -ja- is found in verbs derived from -i- + *-ati. Conjugation -ja/i- or -ja/j-? is unusual (unless it was influenced by -ě/i-).
** Cognate with Lithuanian dir̃žti (“to harden, to become tough”), 1sg. diržù, Sanskrit दृह्यति (dṛ́hyati, “to be strong”), Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (dar^əzaiieⁱti, “to link, to tie”), Old Latin forctis (“strong”) (Latin fortis).

cog

𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌