brьzgati

brьzgnǫti (perfective)
brьzganьje (noun-from-verb)
brьzgati (infinitive)
brьzgatъ (supine)
brьzgalъ (l-participle)
brьzganъ (participle passive past)
brьzgajemъ (participle passive present)
brьzgavъ (active participle past)
brьzgaję (active participle present)
brьzgaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
brьzga (aorist second-person singular)
brьzga (aorist singular third-person)
brьzgajǫ (first-person present singular)
brьzgaješi (present second-person singular)
brьzgajetь (present singular third-person)
brьzgaxově (aorist dual first-person)
brьzgasta (aorist dual second-person)
brьzgaste (aorist dual third-person)
brьzgajevě (dual first-person present)
brьzgajeta (dual present second-person)
brьzgajete (dual present third-person)
brьzgaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
brьzgaste (aorist plural second-person)
brьzgašę (aorist plural third-person)
brьzgajemъ (first-person plural present)
brьzgajete (plural present second-person)
brьzgajǫtь (plural present third-person)
brьzgaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
brьzgaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
brьzgaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
brьzgaji (imperative second-person singular)
brьzgaji (imperative singular third-person)
brьzgaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
brьzgaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
brьzgaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
brьzgajivě (dual first-person imperative)
brьzgajita (dual imperative second-person)
brьzgaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
brьzgaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
brьzgaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
brьzgajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
brьzgajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Ukrainian: бре́згати (brézhaty, “to stale”), збре́зкнути (zbrézknuty, “to disdain”)

South Slavic:

⇒ Bulgarian: бръждя́ (brǎždjá, “to taste tarry”) (< *brьždžati)

Per Trubačev (ESSJa), likely a 0-grade variant of *brězgati. Melnychuk (in context to the Ukranian descendants) considers denominal origin from Proto-Slavic *brězgъ, *brьzgъ.
Compare also dial. Bulgarian бръ́згам (brǎ́zgam, “to spew, to leak (for mucus, pus)”) (primarily “to strew, to sprinkle” apparently from *brъzgati).

cog

to brisk, to poign, to disdain (for taste)


bryzgati

brỳzgati (canonical imperfective)
bryzgnǫti (perfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
bryzganьje (noun-from-verb)
bryzgati (infinitive)
bryzgatъ (supine)
bryzgalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
bryzganъ (participle passive past)
bryzgajemъ (participle passive present)
bryzgavъ (active participle past)
bryzgaję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
bryzgaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
bryzga (aorist second-person singular)
bryzga (aorist singular third-person)
bryzgajǫ (first-person present singular)
bryzgaješi (present second-person singular)
bryzgajetь (present singular third-person)
bryzgaxově (aorist dual first-person)
bryzgasta (aorist dual second-person)
bryzgaste (aorist dual third-person)
bryzgajevě (dual first-person present)
bryzgajeta (dual present second-person)
bryzgajete (dual present third-person)
bryzgaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bryzgaste (aorist plural second-person)
bryzgašę (aorist plural third-person)
bryzgajemъ (first-person plural present)
bryzgajete (plural present second-person)
bryzgajǫtь (plural present third-person)
bryzgaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bryzgaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bryzgaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bryzgaji (imperative second-person singular)
bryzgaji (imperative singular third-person)
bryzgaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bryzgaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bryzgaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bryzgajivě (dual first-person imperative)
bryzgajita (dual imperative second-person)
bryzgaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bryzgaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bryzgaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bryzgajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bryzgajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: бры́згаць (brýzhacʹ)

Russian: бры́згать (brýzgatʹ)

desc

Ukrainian: бри́згати (brýzhaty), бри́зкати (brýzkaty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бри́ждя (bríždja)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бри̏згати

Latin script: brȉzgati

Slovene: brȋzgati

West Slavic:

Czech: brýzhati

Polish: bryzgać

Slovak: brýzgať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: bryzgaś

Per ESSJa, likely of onomatopoeic origin, probably a dialectal variation of *brъzgati. A similar grade variation is observed in South-Central Slavic *prъskati : Northern Slavic *pryskati (“to spray”).
Morphologically equivalent of Proto-Slavic *brudъ (“mud, dirt”) / *brugъ (unattested) + *-skati, ultimately an extension of Proto-Indo-European *bʰrew- (“to brew”).


dьrčati

dьrčàti (canonical imperfective)
dьrčanьje (noun-from-verb)
dьrčati (infinitive)
dьrčatъ (supine)
dьrčalъ (l-participle)
dьrčanъ (participle passive past)
dьrčajemъ (participle passive present)
dьrčavъ (active participle past)
dьrčaję (active participle present)
dьrčaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dьrča (aorist second-person singular)
dьrča (aorist singular third-person)
dьrčajǫ (first-person present singular)
dьrčaješi (present second-person singular)
dьrčajetь (present singular third-person)
dьrčaxově (aorist dual first-person)
dьrčasta (aorist dual second-person)
dьrčaste (aorist dual third-person)
dьrčajevě (dual first-person present)
dьrčajeta (dual present second-person)
dьrčajete (dual present third-person)
dьrčaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dьrčaste (aorist plural second-person)
dьrčašę (aorist plural third-person)
dьrčajemъ (first-person plural present)
dьrčajete (plural present second-person)
dьrčajǫtь (plural present third-person)
dьrčaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dьrčaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dьrčaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dьrčaji (imperative second-person singular)
dьrčaji (imperative singular third-person)
dьrčaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dьrčaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dьrčaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dьrčajivě (dual first-person imperative)
dьrčajita (dual imperative second-person)
dьrčaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dьrčaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dьrčaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dьrčajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dьrčajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: дерча́ти (derčáty)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: др̀чати, др́чати

Latin script: dr̀čati, dŕčati

Slovene: drčáti (“to slip”)

West Slavic:

Czech: drčeti

Onomatopoeic verb, formed as *dьrkati (“to growl, to tug, to pluck”) + *-ěti. Equivalent to *dьrati (“to tear”) + *-čati, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to tear, to split”).
The different accente (short raising tone on the root in some dialects and long raising on the ending in others) as well as the difference in meaning may indicate that there are two distinct lemmas behind *dьrčati.


draskati

draskàti (canonical imperfective)
drasknǫti (perfective)
draskanьje (noun-from-verb)
draskati (infinitive)
draskatъ (supine)
draskalъ (l-participle)
draskanъ (participle passive past)
draskajemъ (participle passive present)
draskavъ (active participle past)
draskaję (active participle present)
draskaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
draska (aorist second-person singular)
draska (aorist singular third-person)
draskajǫ (first-person present singular)
draskaješi (present second-person singular)
draskajetь (present singular third-person)
draskaxově (aorist dual first-person)
draskasta (aorist dual second-person)
draskaste (aorist dual third-person)
draskajevě (dual first-person present)
draskajeta (dual present second-person)
draskajete (dual present third-person)
draskaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
draskaste (aorist plural second-person)
draskašę (aorist plural third-person)
draskajemъ (first-person plural present)
draskajete (plural present second-person)
draskajǫtь (plural present third-person)
draskaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
draskaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
draskaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
draskaji (imperative second-person singular)
draskaji (imperative singular third-person)
draskaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
draskaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
draskaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
draskajivě (dual first-person imperative)
draskajita (dual imperative second-person)
draskaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
draskaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
draskaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
draskajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
draskajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: дра́скам (dráskam)

Macedonian: драска (draska)

Most likely from Proto-Slavic *drapъ (“scratch, trail”)/Proto-Slavic *drabъ (“spike; grazed cloth, rag”) + *-skati, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *derH- (“to tear”). Possibly, also influenced by Proto-Indo-European *dʰreb- (“to beat, to grind”), in view of the derivative Russian дразга (drazga, “freckle”). Closely related to Lithuanian draskýti (“to tear apart”).
Trubachev also considers a direct derivation from Proto-Slavic *derti (“to tear”), as in the inchoative Ancient Greek ἀποδιδράσκω (apodidráskō, “to flee, to retreat”).

cog

→ (by extension) to draw, to engrave (on paper or another surface)


drybati

draskanьje (noun-from-verb)
drybati (infinitive)
drybatъ (supine)
draskalъ (l-participle)
draskanъ (participle passive past)
draskajemъ (participle passive present)
draskavъ (active participle past)
draskaję (active participle present)
draskaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
draska (aorist second-person singular)
draska (aorist singular third-person)
draskajǫ (first-person present singular)
draskaješi (present second-person singular)
draskajetь (present singular third-person)
draskaxově (aorist dual first-person)
draskasta (aorist dual second-person)
draskaste (aorist dual third-person)
draskajevě (dual first-person present)
draskajeta (dual present second-person)
draskajete (dual present third-person)
draskaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
draskaste (aorist plural second-person)
draskašę (aorist plural third-person)
draskajemъ (first-person plural present)
draskajete (plural present second-person)
draskajǫtь (plural present third-person)
draskaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
draskaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
draskaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
draskaji (imperative second-person singular)
draskaji (imperative singular third-person)
draskaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
draskaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
draskaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
draskajivě (dual first-person imperative)
draskajita (dual imperative second-person)
draskaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
draskaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
draskaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
draskajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
draskajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Russian: дрыбать (drybatʹ, “to scribble”) (archaic)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: дри́бам (dríbam) (dialectal)

⇒ Bulgarian: дриба́к (dribák, “dense forest”) (dialectal)

Uncertain. Possibly an extension of Proto-Slavic *dьrati (“to tear off”) (cf. *drapati, *draskati) or akin to Proto-Germanic *drupjaną (“to drip”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewb- (“to crumble, to grind”).


drygati

dryganьje (noun-from-verb)
drygati (infinitive)
drygatъ (supine)
drygalъ (l-participle)
dryganъ (participle passive past)
drygajemъ (participle passive present)
drygavъ (active participle past)
drygaję (active participle present)
drygaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dryga (aorist second-person singular)
dryga (aorist singular third-person)
drygajǫ (first-person present singular)
drygaješi (present second-person singular)
drygajetь (present singular third-person)
drygaxově (aorist dual first-person)
drygasta (aorist dual second-person)
drygaste (aorist dual third-person)
drygajevě (dual first-person present)
drygajeta (dual present second-person)
drygajete (dual present third-person)
drygaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
drygaste (aorist plural second-person)
drygašę (aorist plural third-person)
drygajemъ (first-person plural present)
drygajete (plural present second-person)
drygajǫtь (plural present third-person)
drygaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
drygaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
drygaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
drygaji (imperative second-person singular)
drygaji (imperative singular third-person)
drygaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
drygaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
drygaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
drygajivě (dual first-person imperative)
drygajita (dual imperative second-person)
drygaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
drygaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
drygaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
drygajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
drygajite (imperative plural second-person)

In view of the long root vowel, most likely from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewg-, akin to Proto-Germanic *druknijaną (“to dry off”).


byjati

byjanьje (noun-from-verb)
byjati (infinitive)
byjatъ (supine)
byjalъ (l-participle)
byjanъ (participle passive past)
byjemъ (participle passive present)
byjavъ (active participle past)
byję (active participle present)
byjaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
byja (aorist second-person singular)
byja (aorist singular third-person)
byjǫ (first-person present singular)
byješi (present second-person singular)
byjetь (present singular third-person)
byjaxově (aorist dual first-person)
byjasta (aorist dual second-person)
byjaste (aorist dual third-person)
byjevě (dual first-person present)
byjeta (dual present second-person)
byjete (dual present third-person)
byjaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
byjaste (aorist plural second-person)
byjašę (aorist plural third-person)
byjemъ (first-person plural present)
byjete (plural present second-person)
byjǫtь (plural present third-person)
byjaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
byjaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
byjaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
byji (imperative second-person singular)
byji (imperative singular third-person)
byjaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
byjaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
byjaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
byjivě (dual first-person imperative)
byjita (dual imperative second-person)
byjaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
byjaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
byjaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
byjimъ (first-person imperative plural)
byjite (imperative plural second-person)
byjanьje (noun-from-verb)
byjati (infinitive)
byjatъ (supine)
byjalъ (l-participle)
byjanъ (participle passive past)
byjajemъ (participle passive present)
byjavъ (active participle past)
byjaję (active participle present)
byjaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
byja (aorist second-person singular)
byja (aorist singular third-person)
byjajǫ (first-person present singular)
byjaješi (present second-person singular)
byjajetь (present singular third-person)
byjaxově (aorist dual first-person)
byjasta (aorist dual second-person)
byjaste (aorist dual third-person)
byjajevě (dual first-person present)
byjajeta (dual present second-person)
byjajete (dual present third-person)
byjaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
byjaste (aorist plural second-person)
byjašę (aorist plural third-person)
byjajemъ (first-person plural present)
byjajete (plural present second-person)
byjajǫtь (plural present third-person)
byjaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
byjaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
byjaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
byjaji (imperative second-person singular)
byjaji (imperative singular third-person)
byjaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
byjaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
byjaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
byjajivě (dual first-person imperative)
byjajita (dual imperative second-person)
byjaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
byjaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
byjaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
byjajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
byjajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian: (rare)

Cyrillic script: би́јати

Latin script: bíјati

A byform of *byti + *-ati, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to grow, to become”).


stavati

stati (perfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
stavanьje (noun-from-verb)
stavati (infinitive)
stavatъ (supine)
stavalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
stavanъ (participle passive past)
stavajemъ (participle passive present)
stavavъ (active participle past)
stavaję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
stavaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
stava (aorist second-person singular)
stava (aorist singular third-person)
stavajǫ (first-person present singular)
stavaješi (present second-person singular)
stavajetь (present singular third-person)
stavaxově (aorist dual first-person)
stavasta (aorist dual second-person)
stavaste (aorist dual third-person)
stavajevě (dual first-person present)
stavajeta (dual present second-person)
stavajete (dual present third-person)
stavaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
stavaste (aorist plural second-person)
stavašę (aorist plural third-person)
stavajemъ (first-person plural present)
stavajete (plural present second-person)
stavajǫtь (plural present third-person)
stavaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
stavaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
stavaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
stavaji (imperative second-person singular)
stavaji (imperative singular third-person)
stavaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
stavaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
stavaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
stavajivě (dual first-person imperative)
stavajita (dual imperative second-person)
stavaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
stavaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
stavaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
stavajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
stavajite (imperative plural second-person)

A byform of *stati + *-vati, from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-. Cognate with Lithuanian stovė́ti (“to stand”), Latvian stāvēt (“to stand”), Proto-Germanic *stōwōną (“to stow”).

Old Polish: stawaćPolish: stawaćSilesian: stŏwać


bujiti

buniti (perfective)
bujenьje (noun-from-verb)
bujiti (infinitive)
bujitъ (supine)
bujilъ (l-participle)
bujenъ (participle passive past)
bujimъ (participle passive present)
bujь (active participle past)
buję (active participle present)
bujixъ (aorist first-person singular)
buji (aorist second-person singular)
buji (aorist singular third-person)
bujǫ (first-person present singular)
bujiši (present second-person singular)
bujitь (present singular third-person)
bujixově (aorist dual first-person)
bujista (aorist dual second-person)
bujiste (aorist dual third-person)
bujivě (dual first-person present)
bujita (dual present second-person)
bujite (dual present third-person)
bujixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bujiste (aorist plural second-person)
bujišę (aorist plural third-person)
bujimъ (first-person plural present)
bujite (plural present second-person)
bujętь (plural present third-person)
bujaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bujaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bujaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
buji (imperative second-person singular)
buji (imperative singular third-person)
bujaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bujaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bujaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bujivě (dual first-person imperative)
bujita (dual imperative second-person)
bujaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bujaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bujaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bujimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bujite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: обꙋити (obuiti)

Bulgarian: бу́я (búja), dial. бу́им (búim)

Macedonian: буи (bui)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бу́јити

Latin script: bújiti

West Slavic:

Czech: bujit (dialectal)

Formed as *bujь (“vivid, outraged”) + *-iti, reflecting Proto-Indo-European *bʰowH-éye-ti ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewH- (“to inflate, to grow”). May have been influenced by the onomatopoeric Proto-Indo-European *bew- (“to blow, to storm”) (compare Proto-Slavic *buřa (“storm”), Proto-Slavic *buševati (“to bluster, to storm”)).

cog

(intransitive) to grow, to spread rapidly


běkati

běknǫti (perfective)
běkatьje (noun-from-verb)
běkati (infinitive)
běkatъ (supine)
běkalъ (l-participle)
běkatъ (participle passive past)
běčomъ (participle passive present)
běkavъ (active participle past)
běčy (active participle present)
běkaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
běka (aorist second-person singular)
běka (aorist singular third-person)
běčǫ (first-person present singular)
běčeši (present second-person singular)
běčetь (present singular third-person)
běkaxově (aorist dual first-person)
běkasta (aorist dual second-person)
běkaste (aorist dual third-person)
běčevě (dual first-person present)
běčeta (dual present second-person)
běčete (dual present third-person)
běkaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
běkaste (aorist plural second-person)
běkašę (aorist plural third-person)
běčemъ (first-person plural present)
běčete (plural present second-person)
běčǫtь (plural present third-person)
běčěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
běčěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
běčěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
běči (imperative second-person singular)
běči (imperative singular third-person)
běčěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
běčěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
běčěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
běčěvě (dual first-person imperative)
běčěta (dual imperative second-person)
běčěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
běčěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
běčěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
běčěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
běčěte (imperative plural second-person)
běkanьje (noun-from-verb)
běkati (infinitive)
běkatъ (supine)
běkalъ (l-participle)
běkanъ (participle passive past)
běkajemъ (participle passive present)
běkavъ (active participle past)
běkaję (active participle present)
běkaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
běka (aorist second-person singular)
běka (aorist singular third-person)
běkajǫ (first-person present singular)
běkaješi (present second-person singular)
běkajetь (present singular third-person)
běkaxově (aorist dual first-person)
běkasta (aorist dual second-person)
běkaste (aorist dual third-person)
běkajevě (dual first-person present)
běkajeta (dual present second-person)
běkajete (dual present third-person)
běkaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
běkaste (aorist plural second-person)
běkašę (aorist plural third-person)
běkajemъ (first-person plural present)
běkajete (plural present second-person)
běkajǫtь (plural present third-person)
běkaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
běkaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
běkaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
běkaji (imperative second-person singular)
běkaji (imperative singular third-person)
běkaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
běkaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
běkaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
běkajivě (dual first-person imperative)
běkajita (dual imperative second-person)
běkaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
běkaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
běkaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
běkajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
běkajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: бе́кать (békatʹ), dial. бекета́ть (beketátʹ)

Ukrainian: бегетати (behetaty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бе́ча (béča) (baby-word)

Macedonian: бека (beka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бе́кати

Latin script: békati

Slovene: bekáti, begetáti

West Slavic:

Czech: bekati

Polish: bekać (“to burp”)

Of onomatopoeic origin, from the interjection *be-e-e (“baa”) + *-kati. Technically reflecting Proto-Indo-European *beh₁- (“to bleat”).


byvati

byvàti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
byvanьje (noun-from-verb)
byvati (infinitive)
byvatъ (supine)
byvalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
byvanъ (participle passive past)
byvajemъ (participle passive present)
byvavъ (active participle past)
byvaję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
byvaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
byva (aorist second-person singular)
byva (aorist singular third-person)
byvajǫ (first-person present singular)
byvaješi (present second-person singular)
byvajetь (present singular third-person)
byvaxově (aorist dual first-person)
byvasta (aorist dual second-person)
byvaste (aorist dual third-person)
byvajevě (dual first-person present)
byvajeta (dual present second-person)
byvajete (dual present third-person)
byvaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
byvaste (aorist plural second-person)
byvašę (aorist plural third-person)
byvajemъ (first-person plural present)
byvajete (plural present second-person)
byvajǫtь (plural present third-person)
byvaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
byvaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
byvaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
byvaji (imperative second-person singular)
byvaji (imperative singular third-person)
byvaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
byvaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
byvaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
byvajivě (dual first-person imperative)
byvajita (dual imperative second-person)
byvaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
byvaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
byvaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
byvajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
byvajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: быва́ць (byvácʹ)

Russian: быва́ть (byvátʹ)

Ukrainian: бува́ти (buváty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: бꙑвати (byvati)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: би́вати

Latin script: bívati

Slovene: bívati

West Slavic:

Czech: bývat

desctree

Old Polish: bywać
Polish: bywać
Silesian: bywać

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: bëwac

Slovincian: bëwac

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: bywać

Lower Sorbian: bywaś

A byform of *byti + *-vati, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to grow, to become”). Cognate with dial. Lithuanian buvóti (“to be”).

to be (in iterative or habitual sense), to occur


bičati

bičanьje (noun-from-verb)
bičati (infinitive)
bičatъ (supine)
bičalъ (l-participle)
bičanъ (participle passive past)
bičimъ (participle passive present)
bičavъ (active participle past)
bičę (active participle present)
bičaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
biča (aorist second-person singular)
biča (aorist singular third-person)
bičǫ (first-person present singular)
bičiši (present second-person singular)
bičitь (present singular third-person)
bičaxově (aorist dual first-person)
bičasta (aorist dual second-person)
bičaste (aorist dual third-person)
bičivě (dual first-person present)
bičita (dual present second-person)
bičite (dual present third-person)
bičaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bičaste (aorist plural second-person)
bičašę (aorist plural third-person)
bičimъ (first-person plural present)
bičite (plural present second-person)
bičętь (plural present third-person)
bičaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bičaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bičaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
biči (imperative second-person singular)
biči (imperative singular third-person)
bičaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bičaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bičaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bičivě (dual first-person imperative)
bičita (dual imperative second-person)
bičaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bičaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bičaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bičimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bičite (imperative plural second-person)
bičanьje (noun-from-verb)
bičati (infinitive)
bičatъ (supine)
bičalъ (l-participle)
bičanъ (participle passive past)
bičajemъ (participle passive present)
bičavъ (active participle past)
bičaję (active participle present)
bičaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
biča (aorist second-person singular)
biča (aorist singular third-person)
bičajǫ (first-person present singular)
bičaješi (present second-person singular)
bičajetь (present singular third-person)
bičaxově (aorist dual first-person)
bičasta (aorist dual second-person)
bičaste (aorist dual third-person)
bičajevě (dual first-person present)
bičajeta (dual present second-person)
bičajete (dual present third-person)
bičaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bičaste (aorist plural second-person)
bičašę (aorist plural third-person)
bičajemъ (first-person plural present)
bičajete (plural present second-person)
bičajǫtь (plural present third-person)
bičaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bičaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bičaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bičaji (imperative second-person singular)
bičaji (imperative singular third-person)
bičaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bičaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bičaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bičajivě (dual first-person imperative)
bičajita (dual imperative second-person)
bičaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bičaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bičaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bičajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bičajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: би́ча (bíča, “to jab”) (dialectal, possibly)

q

Serbo-Croatian: (obsolete, superceded by бичевати, bičevati)

Cyrillic script: би̏чати

Latin script: bȉčati

Slovene: bīčati (“to scourge”)

Denominal from *bičь (“lash”) + *-ěti. In modern descendants, inchoative variant in *-ovati is more widely attested.
Onomatopoeic semantics is attested as secondary meaning of Slovene bīčati (“to squeak, to tweet”), Bulgarian би́цам (bícam, “to make noise with one's cheeks”).


byčati

byčanьje (noun-from-verb)
byčati (infinitive)
byčatъ (supine)
byčalъ (l-participle)
byčanъ (participle passive past)
byčimъ (participle passive present)
byčavъ (active participle past)
byčę (active participle present)
byčaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
byča (aorist second-person singular)
byča (aorist singular third-person)
byčǫ (first-person present singular)
byčiši (present second-person singular)
byčitь (present singular third-person)
byčaxově (aorist dual first-person)
byčasta (aorist dual second-person)
byčaste (aorist dual third-person)
byčivě (dual first-person present)
byčita (dual present second-person)
byčite (dual present third-person)
byčaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
byčaste (aorist plural second-person)
byčašę (aorist plural third-person)
byčimъ (first-person plural present)
byčite (plural present second-person)
byčętь (plural present third-person)
byčaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
byčaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
byčaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
byči (imperative second-person singular)
byči (imperative singular third-person)
byčaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
byčaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
byčaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
byčivě (dual first-person imperative)
byčita (dual imperative second-person)
byčaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
byčaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
byčaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
byčimъ (first-person imperative plural)
byčite (imperative plural second-person)
byčanьje (noun-from-verb)
byčati (infinitive)
byčatъ (supine)
byčalъ (l-participle)
byčanъ (participle passive past)
byčajemъ (participle passive present)
byčavъ (active participle past)
byčaję (active participle present)
byčaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
byča (aorist second-person singular)
byča (aorist singular third-person)
byčajǫ (first-person present singular)
byčaješi (present second-person singular)
byčajetь (present singular third-person)
byčaxově (aorist dual first-person)
byčasta (aorist dual second-person)
byčaste (aorist dual third-person)
byčajevě (dual first-person present)
byčajeta (dual present second-person)
byčajete (dual present third-person)
byčaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
byčaste (aorist plural second-person)
byčašę (aorist plural third-person)
byčajemъ (first-person plural present)
byčajete (plural present second-person)
byčajǫtь (plural present third-person)
byčaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
byčaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
byčaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
byčaji (imperative second-person singular)
byčaji (imperative singular third-person)
byčaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
byčaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
byčaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
byčajivě (dual first-person imperative)
byčajita (dual imperative second-person)
byčaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
byčaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
byčaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
byčajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
byčajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

⇒ Ukrainian: биць-биць (bycʹ-bycʹ), бинь-бинь (bynʹ-bynʹ, “cattle's call”)

⇒ Ukrainian: бинча́ти (bynčáty), би́нькати (býnʹkaty, “to neigh, moan”) (of animal)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: би́ча (bíča), би́чкам (bíčkam, “to knock over, to trip”) (partially)

West Slavic:

Czech: byčet

Polish: byczeć (dialectal)

Onomatopoeic, parallel to *buka (“bang”), *bučati (“to roar”) with -u- vocalism and *bykati (Czech býkat, Bulgarian би́кам (bíkam)), *bykovati (Russian быкова́ть (bykovátʹ), Polish bykować) with -y- vocalism. Further akin to Lithuanian bucêt (“to sound, to buzz”), Latvian bùkti (“to neigh”).
Some of the meanings reflect denominative *bykъ (“bull”) + *-ěti = “to act as a bull” > “to ram, to jostle”.


bъgati

bъganьje (noun-from-verb)
bъgati (infinitive)
bъgatъ (supine)
bъgalъ (l-participle)
bъganъ (participle passive past)
bъgajemъ (participle passive present)
bъgavъ (active participle past)
bъgaję (active participle present)
bъgaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
bъga (aorist second-person singular)
bъga (aorist singular third-person)
bъgajǫ (first-person present singular)
bъgaješi (present second-person singular)
bъgajetь (present singular third-person)
bъgaxově (aorist dual first-person)
bъgasta (aorist dual second-person)
bъgaste (aorist dual third-person)
bъgajevě (dual first-person present)
bъgajeta (dual present second-person)
bъgajete (dual present third-person)
bъgaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bъgaste (aorist plural second-person)
bъgašę (aorist plural third-person)
bъgajemъ (first-person plural present)
bъgajete (plural present second-person)
bъgajǫtь (plural present third-person)
bъgaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bъgaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bъgaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bъgaji (imperative second-person singular)
bъgaji (imperative singular third-person)
bъgaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bъgaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bъgaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bъgajivě (dual first-person imperative)
bъgajita (dual imperative second-person)
bъgaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bъgaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bъgaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bъgajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bъgajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: бгаць (bhacʹ, “to poke”)

Russian: бгать (bgatʹ) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: бга́ти (bháty)

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰewgʰ- (“to bend, to bow”), related to Proto-Germanic *beuganą (“to bow”). Likely akin to Proto-Slavic *gubiti (“to destroy, to wreck”), Proto-Slavic *gъbnǫ̀ti (“to bend”) via metathesis. Further related to Lithuanian baũgurs (“highland”).
Formally resembling Lithuanian baugùs (“fearful”).


stojiti

stojati (imperfective)
stojenьje (noun-from-verb)
stojiti (infinitive)
stojitъ (supine)
stojilъ (l-participle)
stojenъ (participle passive past)
stojь (active participle past)
stojixъ (aorist first-person singular)
stoji (aorist second-person singular)
stoji (aorist singular third-person)
stojǫ (first-person present singular)
stojiši (present second-person singular)
stojitь (present singular third-person)
stojixově (aorist dual first-person)
stojista (aorist dual second-person)
stojiste (aorist dual third-person)
stojivě (dual first-person present)
stojita (dual present second-person)
stojite (dual present third-person)
stojixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
stojiste (aorist plural second-person)
stojišę (aorist plural third-person)
stojimъ (first-person plural present)
stojite (plural present second-person)
stojętь (plural present third-person)
stoji (imperative second-person singular)
stoji (imperative singular third-person)
stojivě (dual first-person imperative)
stojita (dual imperative second-person)
stojimъ (first-person imperative plural)
stojite (imperative plural second-person)
stojenьje (noun-from-verb)
stojiti (infinitive)
stojitъ (supine)
stojilъ (l-participle)
stojenъ (participle passive past)
stojimъ (participle passive present)
stojь (active participle past)
stoję (active participle present)
stojixъ (aorist first-person singular)
stoji (aorist second-person singular)
stoji (aorist singular third-person)
stojǫ (first-person present singular)
stojiši (present second-person singular)
stojitь (present singular third-person)
stojixově (aorist dual first-person)
stojista (aorist dual second-person)
stojiste (aorist dual third-person)
stojivě (dual first-person present)
stojita (dual present second-person)
stojite (dual present third-person)
stojixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
stojiste (aorist plural second-person)
stojišę (aorist plural third-person)
stojimъ (first-person plural present)
stojite (plural present second-person)
stojętь (plural present third-person)
stojaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
stojaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
stojaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
stoji (imperative second-person singular)
stoji (imperative singular third-person)
stojaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
stojaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
stojaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
stojivě (dual first-person imperative)
stojita (dual imperative second-person)
stojaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
stojaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
stojaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
stojimъ (first-person imperative plural)
stojite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Russian: сто́ить (stóitʹ, “to cost, to be worth”)

Ukrainian: сто́ïти (stóïty, “to cost, to be worth”)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: стоя́ (stojá), сто́вам (stóvam, “to get involved, to become”) (rare, dialectal)

⇒ Bulgarian: съ́стоя (sǎ́stoja, “to take place”), застоя́ (zastojá, “to fixate, to immobilize”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: стоити (rare)

Latin script: stojiti (rare)

Denominal from Proto-Slavic *stojь + *-iti.
The South Slavic descendants are used in parallel to the imperfective Proto-Slavic *stojati to denote punctual events. The East Slavic forms have been reinterpreted as imperfective around 18 cent., probably under the influence of Polish stać (“to cost, to be worth”), a calque of German kosten.

(intransitive) to transpire, to take place/effect

(transitive) to adjust, to bring in position

(reflexive) to bring oneself under some condition


gavati

gavnǫti (perfective)
gavanьje (noun-from-verb)
gavati (infinitive)
gavatъ (supine)
gavalъ (l-participle)
gavanъ (participle passive past)
gavajemъ (participle passive present)
gavavъ (active participle past)
gavaję (active participle present)
gavaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
gava (aorist second-person singular)
gava (aorist singular third-person)
gavajǫ (first-person present singular)
gavaješi (present second-person singular)
gavajetь (present singular third-person)
gavaxově (aorist dual first-person)
gavasta (aorist dual second-person)
gavaste (aorist dual third-person)
gavajevě (dual first-person present)
gavajeta (dual present second-person)
gavajete (dual present third-person)
gavaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gavaste (aorist plural second-person)
gavašę (aorist plural third-person)
gavajemъ (first-person plural present)
gavajete (plural present second-person)
gavajǫtь (plural present third-person)
gavaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gavaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gavaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gavaji (imperative second-person singular)
gavaji (imperative singular third-person)
gavaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gavaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gavaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gavajivě (dual first-person imperative)
gavajita (dual imperative second-person)
gavaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gavaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gavaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gavajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
gavajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: га́вам (gávam, “to bamboozle”) (dialectal)

Macedonian: гава (gava, “to make fool of, to bamboozle”) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: havati (“to grumble”)

Czech: havat (dialectal)

Onomatopoeic, from the call ga! + *-vati. Parallel to Proto-Slavic *gajati (“to caw”), Proto-Slavic *gakati (“to croak, to shout”). The colloquial word for “crow” in some regions of Russia and Ukraine is from the same stem: Russian га́вка (gávka), Ukrainian га́ва (háva).
Compare English caw, Lithuanian kóvas (“rook”).

cog

→ to bark, to snarl (for mammals, typically dogs)

→ to caw (for birds, typically corvids)

→ to clack (for inanimate objects)

→ (figurative) to groan, to grumble (for person)

(figurative) (+ *sę) to wrangle, to quarrel, to bicker (usually with *sъ(n) + gen.)

gavědь

*gaviti (“to vex, to cause retching”) (possibly)


skopiti

c (accent-paradigm)
skopľenьje (noun-from-verb)
skopiti (infinitive)
skopitъ (supine)
skopilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
skopľenъ (participle passive past)
skopimъ (participle passive present)
skopľь (active participle past)
skopę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
skopixъ (aorist first-person singular)
skopi (aorist second-person singular)
skopi (aorist singular third-person)
skopľǫ (first-person present singular)
skopiši (present second-person singular)
skopitь (present singular third-person)
skopixově (aorist dual first-person)
skopista (aorist dual second-person)
skopiste (aorist dual third-person)
skopivě (dual first-person present)
skopita (dual present second-person)
skopite (dual present third-person)
skopixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
skopiste (aorist plural second-person)
skopišę (aorist plural third-person)
skopimъ (first-person plural present)
skopite (plural present second-person)
skopętь (plural present third-person)
skopľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
skopľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
skopľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
skopi (imperative second-person singular)
skopi (imperative singular third-person)
skopľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
skopľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
skopľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
skopivě (dual first-person imperative)
skopita (dual imperative second-person)
skopľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
skopľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
skopľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
skopimъ (first-person imperative plural)
skopite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: скопи́ть (skopítʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: шкопи́ц (škopýc)

Ukrainian: скопи́ти (skopýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: скопити (skopiti)

→ Romanian: scopi

Bulgarian: скопя́ (skopjá)

Macedonian: скопи (skopi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ско̀пити

Latin script: škòpiti

Slovene: skopīti

West Slavic:

Czech: skopiti

Polish: skopić

Slovak: skopiť

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: shkopis

From Proto-Indo-European *skop- (“to grave, to cut, to strike”) + *-iti. Parallel to Proto-Slavic *kopati (“to dig, to grave”). Possibly of expressive origin, comparable with Proto-Indo-European *skabʰ- (“to shave, to shear”) > Proto-Germanic *skabaną.
Seems to be related to Lithuanian skõpti (“to cut, to grave”), however, the root grades do not match.

onomatopoeic

expressive


tęžati

c (accent-paradigm)
tęžanьje (noun-from-verb)
tęžati (infinitive)
tęžatъ (supine)
tęžalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
tęžanъ (participle passive past)
tęžimъ (participle passive present)
tęžavъ (active participle past)
tęžę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
tęžaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
tęža (aorist second-person singular)
tęža (aorist singular third-person)
tęžǫ (first-person present singular)
tęžiši (present second-person singular)
tęžitь (present singular third-person)
tęžaxově (aorist dual first-person)
tęžasta (aorist dual second-person)
tęžaste (aorist dual third-person)
tęživě (dual first-person present)
tęžita (dual present second-person)
tęžite (dual present third-person)
tęžaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tęžaste (aorist plural second-person)
tęžašę (aorist plural third-person)
tęžimъ (first-person plural present)
tęžite (plural present second-person)
tęžętь (plural present third-person)
tęžaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tęžaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tęžaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
tęži (imperative second-person singular)
tęži (imperative singular third-person)
tęžaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tęžaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tęžaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tęživě (dual first-person imperative)
tęžita (dual imperative second-person)
tęžaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tęžaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tęžaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tęžimъ (first-person imperative plural)
tęžite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: сътѧжати

Bulgarian: те́жа (téža) (partially)

Macedonian: тежи (teži) (partially)

From the remodelled stative (so-called "essive" in LIV) Proto-Balto-Slavic *tingēˀtei, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tengʰ- (“to pull, to burden”). Cognate with Lithuanian tingė́ti (“to be lazy”). In most daughter languages, this verb has been superseded by the similar denominal causative Proto-Slavic *tęžiti (“to weigh”).
Survives in derivatives like Proto-Slavic *sъtęžati (“to gain”), Proto-Slavic *otęžati (“to wrap, to fasten”), Proto-Slavic *protęžati (“to span”).


kopiti

a (accent-paradigm)
kopľenьje (noun-from-verb)
kopiti (infinitive)
kopitъ (supine)
kopilъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
kopľenъ (participle passive past)
kopimъ (participle passive present)
kopľь (active participle past)
kopę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
kopixъ (aorist first-person singular)
kopi (aorist second-person singular)
kopi (aorist singular third-person)
kopľǫ (first-person present singular)
kopiši (present second-person singular)
kopitь (present singular third-person)
kopixově (aorist dual first-person)
kopista (aorist dual second-person)
kopiste (aorist dual third-person)
kopivě (dual first-person present)
kopita (dual present second-person)
kopite (dual present third-person)
kopixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kopiste (aorist plural second-person)
kopišę (aorist plural third-person)
kopimъ (first-person plural present)
kopite (plural present second-person)
kopętь (plural present third-person)
kopľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kopľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kopľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kopi (imperative second-person singular)
kopi (imperative singular third-person)
kopľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kopľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kopľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kopivě (dual first-person imperative)
kopita (dual imperative second-person)
kopľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kopľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kopľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kopimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kopite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

desc

⇒ Bulgarian: копя́ (kopjá, “to castrate”) (possibly, archaic)

Pre-Slavic, reflecting Proto-Balto-Slavic *kа́p(je)tei, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kep-. Cognate with Lithuanian kàpti (“to chop”), Ancient Greek κόπτω (kóptō, “to beat, to hit”). Superseded by Proto-Slavic *kopati by time of Late Common Slavic.


kopiti

kopľenьje (noun-from-verb)
kopiti (infinitive)
kopitъ (supine)
kopilъ (l-participle)
kopľenъ (participle passive past)
kopimъ (participle passive present)
kopľь (active participle past)
kopę (active participle present)
kopixъ (aorist first-person singular)
kopi (aorist second-person singular)
kopi (aorist singular third-person)
kopľǫ (first-person present singular)
kopiši (present second-person singular)
kopitь (present singular third-person)
kopixově (aorist dual first-person)
kopista (aorist dual second-person)
kopiste (aorist dual third-person)
kopivě (dual first-person present)
kopita (dual present second-person)
kopite (dual present third-person)
kopixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kopiste (aorist plural second-person)
kopišę (aorist plural third-person)
kopimъ (first-person plural present)
kopite (plural present second-person)
kopętь (plural present third-person)
kopľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kopľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kopľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kopi (imperative second-person singular)
kopi (imperative singular third-person)
kopľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kopľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kopľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kopivě (dual first-person imperative)
kopita (dual imperative second-person)
kopľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kopľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kopľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kopimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kopite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: копити (kopiti)

Belarusian: капі́ць (kapícʹ) (dialectal)

Russian: копи́ть (kopítʹ)

Ukrainian: копи́ти (kopýty)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: копя́ (kopjá, “to amass”) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ко̀пити

Latin script: kòpiti

Slovene: kopiti (obsolete)

West Slavic:

Czech: kopiti

Polish: kopić (dialectal)

Slovincian: kôpic

Slovak: kopiť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kopić

Lower Sorbian: kopiś

Denominal causative from *kopa (“pile, bulk”) + *-iti, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kep- (“to grave, to strike”).


tęžiti

tęžìti (canonical)
tęženьje (noun-from-verb)
tęžiti (infinitive)
tęžitъ (supine)
tęžilъ (l-participle)
tęženъ (participle passive past)
tęžь (active participle past)
tęžixъ (aorist first-person singular)
tęži (aorist second-person singular)
tęži (aorist singular third-person)
tęžǫ (first-person present singular)
tęžiši (present second-person singular)
tęžitь (present singular third-person)
tęžixově (aorist dual first-person)
tęžista (aorist dual second-person)
tęžiste (aorist dual third-person)
tęživě (dual first-person present)
tęžita (dual present second-person)
tęžite (dual present third-person)
tęžixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tęžiste (aorist plural second-person)
tęžišę (aorist plural third-person)
tęžimъ (first-person plural present)
tęžite (plural present second-person)
tęžętь (plural present third-person)
tęži (imperative second-person singular)
tęži (imperative singular third-person)
tęživě (dual first-person imperative)
tęžita (dual imperative second-person)
tęžimъ (first-person imperative plural)
tęžite (imperative plural second-person)
tęženьje (noun-from-verb)
tęžiti (infinitive)
tęžitъ (supine)
tęžilъ (l-participle)
tęženъ (participle passive past)
tęžimъ (participle passive present)
tęžь (active participle past)
tęžę (active participle present)
tęžixъ (aorist first-person singular)
tęži (aorist second-person singular)
tęži (aorist singular third-person)
tęžǫ (first-person present singular)
tęžiši (present second-person singular)
tęžitь (present singular third-person)
tęžixově (aorist dual first-person)
tęžista (aorist dual second-person)
tęžiste (aorist dual third-person)
tęživě (dual first-person present)
tęžita (dual present second-person)
tęžite (dual present third-person)
tęžixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tęžiste (aorist plural second-person)
tęžišę (aorist plural third-person)
tęžimъ (first-person plural present)
tęžite (plural present second-person)
tęžętь (plural present third-person)
tęžaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tęžaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tęžaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
tęži (imperative second-person singular)
tęži (imperative singular third-person)
tęžaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tęžaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tęžaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tęživě (dual first-person imperative)
tęžita (dual imperative second-person)
tęžaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tęžaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tęžaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tęžimъ (first-person imperative plural)
tęžite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: тяжи́ти (tjažýty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: те́жа (téža) (partially, rare)

Macedonian: тежи (teži) (partially, rare)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: те́жити

Latin script: téžiti

Slovene: težīti

West Slavic:

Czech: těžit (“to mine”)

Polish: ciążyć

Slovak: ťažiť

Denominal causative from *tęgъ (“traction”) + *-iti, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tengʰ- (“to pull”). Doublet of *tǫžiti, an inherited form.
In Bulgarian and Macedonian, this verb specifically covers telic actions, the atelic being reflected by the mixed ě/i-conjugation Proto-Slavic *tęžati (their present stems are identical). In the remaining languages, the verb is impefective.


galiti

gaľenьje (noun-from-verb)
galiti (infinitive)
galitъ (supine)
galilъ (l-participle)
gaľenъ (participle passive past)
galimъ (participle passive present)
gaľь (active participle past)
galę (active participle present)
galixъ (aorist first-person singular)
gali (aorist second-person singular)
gali (aorist singular third-person)
gaľǫ (first-person present singular)
gališi (present second-person singular)
galitь (present singular third-person)
galixově (aorist dual first-person)
galista (aorist dual second-person)
galiste (aorist dual third-person)
galivě (dual first-person present)
galita (dual present second-person)
galite (dual present third-person)
galixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
galiste (aorist plural second-person)
gališę (aorist plural third-person)
galimъ (first-person plural present)
galite (plural present second-person)
galętь (plural present third-person)
gaľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gaľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gaľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gali (imperative second-person singular)
gali (imperative singular third-person)
gaľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gaľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gaľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
galivě (dual first-person imperative)
galita (dual imperative second-person)
gaľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gaľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gaľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
galimъ (first-person imperative plural)
galite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: галити (galiti)

desc

Russian: гали́ть (galítʹ, “to act up, to be capricious (for child, animal)”), гали́ться (galítʹsja, “to laugh”)

Ukrainian: гали́ти (halýty)

⇒ Belarusian: га́лицьца (hálicʹca, “to greed for, to desire strongly”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: галити (galiti)

Bulgarian: га́ля (gálja)

Macedonian: гали (gali)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: га́лити (“to refresh”)

Latin script: gáliti (“to refresh”)

q

alternatively an expressive form of Proto-Slavic <i class="Latn mention" lang="sla-pro">*goliti</i> (“to strip, to uncover, to get naked”)

Slovene: gáliti (“to reveal, to expose”) (possibly, alternatively an expressive form of Proto-Slavic *goliti (“to strip, to uncover, to get naked”))

West Slavic:

Czech: haliti

Old Polish: galić

Slovak: haliť

Possibly cognate with Proto-Germanic *gōlijaną (“to greet, to soothe”), from an unusual (Narten-type?) ō-grade causative Proto-Indo-European *gʰōl-éye-ti (“to calm, to soothe”). Akin to Proto-Germanic *galaną (“to charm, to gale”), Proto-Germanic *gellaną (“to yell”).
May not reflect a single semantic core. According to ESSJa, some of the meanings may have been influenced by Proto-Slavic *guľati (“to celebrate, to feast”). Other authors draw connection with Proto-Slavic *žalь (“sorrow”), Proto-Slavic *želěti (“to desire”).
A third semantic nuance may come from Proto-Slavic *golъ (“bare, naked”). Compare Sanskrit गालयति (gālayati, “to cause to go off, to liquify”).
Semantically close to Ancient Greek γαλήνος (galḗnos, “calm, serene”), where the late Christian names Old Church Slavonic Галинъ (Galinŭ), Галина (Galina) originate from. Genetic relation, however, is unlikely. The later is probably cognate with Proto-Slavic *želězo (“iron”), Latin galēna (“lead sulphide”).

cog

to fondle, to caress (South, East Slavic)


žuboriti

žubořenьje (noun-from-verb)
žuboriti (infinitive)
žuboritъ (supine)
žuborilъ (l-participle)
žubořenъ (participle passive past)
žuborimъ (participle passive present)
žubořь (active participle past)
žuborę (active participle present)
žuborixъ (aorist first-person singular)
žubori (aorist second-person singular)
žubori (aorist singular third-person)
žubořǫ (first-person present singular)
žuboriši (present second-person singular)
žuboritь (present singular third-person)
žuborixově (aorist dual first-person)
žuborista (aorist dual second-person)
žuboriste (aorist dual third-person)
žuborivě (dual first-person present)
žuborita (dual present second-person)
žuborite (dual present third-person)
žuborixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
žuboriste (aorist plural second-person)
žuborišę (aorist plural third-person)
žuborimъ (first-person plural present)
žuborite (plural present second-person)
žuborętь (plural present third-person)
žubořaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
žubořaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
žubořaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
žubori (imperative second-person singular)
žubori (imperative singular third-person)
žubořaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
žubořaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
žubořaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
žuborivě (dual first-person imperative)
žuborita (dual imperative second-person)
žubořaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
žubořaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
žubořaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
žuborimъ (first-person imperative plural)
žuborite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: жу́борить (žúboritʹ), dial. жубрить (žubritʹ), жу́бреть (žúbretʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: жубо́ря (žubórja) (colloquial)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жубо̀рити

Latin script: žubòriti

From an unattested *žuba + *-oriti, likely an expressive extension of Proto-Indo-European *ǵyewh₁-. Cognate (expect for the inflection type) with Lithuanian žiaũberoti (“to chew”).


kopněti

kopněnьje (noun-from-verb)
kopněti (infinitive)
kopnětъ (supine)
kopnělъ (l-participle)
kopněnъ (participle passive past)
kopnějemъ (participle passive present)
kopněvъ (active participle past)
kopněję (active participle present)
kopněxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kopně (aorist second-person singular)
kopně (aorist singular third-person)
kopnějǫ (first-person present singular)
kopněješi (present second-person singular)
kopnějetь (present singular third-person)
kopněxově (aorist dual first-person)
kopněsta (aorist dual second-person)
kopněste (aorist dual third-person)
kopnějevě (dual first-person present)
kopnějeta (dual present second-person)
kopnějete (dual present third-person)
kopněxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kopněste (aorist plural second-person)
kopněšę (aorist plural third-person)
kopnějemъ (first-person plural present)
kopnějete (plural present second-person)
kopnějǫtь (plural present third-person)
kopněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kopněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kopněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kopněji (imperative second-person singular)
kopněji (imperative singular third-person)
kopněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kopněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kopněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kopnějivě (dual first-person imperative)
kopnějita (dual imperative second-person)
kopněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kopněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kopněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kopnějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kopnějite (imperative plural second-person)
kopněnьje (noun-from-verb)
kopněti (infinitive)
kopnětъ (supine)
kopnělъ (l-participle)
kopněnъ (participle passive past)
kopnimъ (participle passive present)
kopněvъ (active participle past)
kopnę (active participle present)
kopněxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kopně (aorist second-person singular)
kopně (aorist singular third-person)
kopňǫ (first-person present singular)
kopniši (present second-person singular)
kopnitь (present singular third-person)
kopněxově (aorist dual first-person)
kopněsta (aorist dual second-person)
kopněste (aorist dual third-person)
kopnivě (dual first-person present)
kopnita (dual present second-person)
kopnite (dual present third-person)
kopněxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kopněste (aorist plural second-person)
kopněšę (aorist plural third-person)
kopnimъ (first-person plural present)
kopnite (plural present second-person)
kopnętь (plural present third-person)
kopněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kopněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kopněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kopni (imperative second-person singular)
kopni (imperative singular third-person)
kopněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kopněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kopněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kopnivě (dual first-person imperative)
kopnita (dual imperative second-person)
kopněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kopněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kopněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kopnimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kopnite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: кіпніти (kipnity)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: копне́я (kopnéja)

Macedonian: копнее (kopnee)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ко̀пнети, 1p. ко́пнӣм

Latin script: kòpneti, 1p. kópnīm

Slovene: kopnẹ́ti (possibly)

West Slavic:

Czech: kopňat, kopňet (dialectal)

Slovak: kopnieť (dialectal)

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *kwep- ~ *kʷap- (“to boil, to steam, to stink”), related to Latin cupiō (“to desire”) and Lithuanian kvapas (“aroma”). Possibly akin to Ancient Greek καπνός (kapnós, “smoke”), Latin vapor. Schrijver reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *kʷh₂wep- in order to explain the broken tone in Lithuanian kûpt (“to smoke, to steam”), which according to Derksen could alternatively be a result of the sta-present conjugation.
Trubachev reconstructs *kopьněti as if from *kopьna (“heap, pile”) + *-ěti, which is semantically dubious. The later is akin to Proto-Slavic *kopati (“to dig”).


sěvati

sěvàti (canonical imperfective)
sěvanьje (noun-from-verb)
sěvati (infinitive)
sěvatъ (supine)
sěvalъ (l-participle)
sěvavъ (active participle past)
sěvaję (active participle present)
sěvaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sěva (aorist second-person singular)
sěva (aorist singular third-person)
sěvajǫ (first-person present singular)
sěvaješi (present second-person singular)
sěvajetь (present singular third-person)
sěvaxově (aorist dual first-person)
sěvasta (aorist dual second-person)
sěvaste (aorist dual third-person)
sěvajevě (dual first-person present)
sěvajeta (dual present second-person)
sěvajete (dual present third-person)
sěvaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sěvaste (aorist plural second-person)
sěvašę (aorist plural third-person)
sěvajemъ (first-person plural present)
sěvajete (plural present second-person)
sěvajǫtь (plural present third-person)
sěvaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sěvaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sěvaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sěvaji (imperative second-person singular)
sěvaji (imperative singular third-person)
sěvaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sěvaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sěvaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sěvajivě (dual first-person imperative)
sěvajita (dual imperative second-person)
sěvaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sěvaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sěvaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sěvajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sěvajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: ся́вам (sjávam, “to glimmer, to blink”)

⇒ Bulgarian: ося́вам (osjávam, “to enlighten”) (+ о- (o-))

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: се́вати

Latin script: sévati

Slovene: sẹ́vati

Limited to South Slavic, formed as *sijati (“to shine, to illuminate”) + *-vati, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₁y- (“to shine”).


sěvati

sěvanьje (noun-from-verb)
sěvati (infinitive)
sěvatъ (supine)
sěvalъ (l-participle)
sěvanъ (participle passive past)
sěvajemъ (participle passive present)
sěvavъ (active participle past)
sěvaję (active participle present)
sěvaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sěva (aorist second-person singular)
sěva (aorist singular third-person)
sěvajǫ (first-person present singular)
sěvaješi (present second-person singular)
sěvajetь (present singular third-person)
sěvaxově (aorist dual first-person)
sěvasta (aorist dual second-person)
sěvaste (aorist dual third-person)
sěvajevě (dual first-person present)
sěvajeta (dual present second-person)
sěvajete (dual present third-person)
sěvaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sěvaste (aorist plural second-person)
sěvašę (aorist plural third-person)
sěvajemъ (first-person plural present)
sěvajete (plural present second-person)
sěvajǫtь (plural present third-person)
sěvaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sěvaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sěvaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sěvaji (imperative second-person singular)
sěvaji (imperative singular third-person)
sěvaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sěvaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sěvaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sěvajivě (dual first-person imperative)
sěvajita (dual imperative second-person)
sěvaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sěvaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sěvaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sěvajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sěvajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: -сева́ть (-sevátʹ)

desc

⇒ Russian: се́в (sév), засева́ть (zasevátʹ), обсева́ть (obsevátʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: -ся́вам (-sjávam)

⇒ Bulgarian: зася́вам (zasjávam), насявам (nasjavam), разсявам (razsjavam), посявам (posjavam), всявам (vsjavam)

Macedonian: -сeва (-seva)

⇒ Macedonian: засева (zaseva), насева (naseva), посева (poseva), всева (vseva)

Slovene: zasẹ́vati, vsẹ́vati

Indirectly attested in derivatives, formed as *sěti (“to sow”) + *-vati, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁- (“to sow, to plant”).


sěvati

East Slavic:

Russian: -сева́ть (-sevátʹ)

⇒ Russian: отсева́ть (otsevátʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: -ся́вам (-sjávam)

desc

⇒ Bulgarian: пресявам (presjavam), отсявам (otsjavam)

Macedonian: -сeва (-seva)

⇒ Macedonian: пресева (preseva), отсева (otseva)

Indirectly attested in derivatives, formed as *sěti (“to sieve”) + *-vati, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁y- (“to sieve”).


bľuti

bľunǫti (perfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
bľutьje (noun-from-verb)
bľuti (infinitive)
bľutъ (supine)
bľulъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
bľutъ (participle passive past)
bľujemъ (participle passive present)
bľuvъ (active participle past)
bľuję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
bľuxъ (aorist first-person singular)
bľu (aorist second-person singular)
bľu (aorist singular third-person)
bľujǫ (first-person present singular)
bľuješi (present second-person singular)
bľujetь (present singular third-person)
bľuxově (aorist dual first-person)
bľusta (aorist dual second-person)
bľuste (aorist dual third-person)
bľujevě (dual first-person present)
bľujeta (dual present second-person)
bľujete (dual present third-person)
bľuxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bľuste (aorist plural second-person)
bľušę (aorist plural third-person)
bľujemъ (first-person plural present)
bľujete (plural present second-person)
bľujǫtь (plural present third-person)
bľujaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bľujaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bľujaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bľuji (imperative second-person singular)
bľuji (imperative singular third-person)
bľujaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bľujaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bľujaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bľujivě (dual first-person imperative)
bľujita (dual imperative second-person)
bľujaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bľujaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bľujaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bľujimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bľujite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: блю́я (bljúja), блю́вам (bljúvam)

Macedonian: блуе (blue) (aorist lost)

West Slavic:

Old Polish: bluć

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: bluś

Upper Sorbian: bleć

Root thematic present from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bljauˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlewH- (“to overflow, to gush”), reanalyzed later in most daughter languages.


blěknǫti

blěknovenьje (noun-from-verb)
blěknǫti (infinitive)
blěknǫtъ (supine)
blěknǫlъ (l-participle)
blěknovenъ (participle passive past)
blěknomъ (participle passive present)
blěknǫvъ (active participle past)
blěkny (active participle present)
blěknǫxъ (aorist first-person singular)
blěknǫ (aorist second-person singular)
blěknǫ (aorist singular third-person)
blěknǫ (first-person present singular)
blěkneši (present second-person singular)
blěknetь (present singular third-person)
blěknǫxově (aorist dual first-person)
blěknǫsta (aorist dual second-person)
blěknǫste (aorist dual third-person)
blěknevě (dual first-person present)
blěkneta (dual present second-person)
blěknete (dual present third-person)
blěknǫxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
blěknǫste (aorist plural second-person)
blěknǫšę (aorist plural third-person)
blěknemъ (first-person plural present)
blěknete (plural present second-person)
blěknǫtь (plural present third-person)
blěkněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
blěkněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
blěkněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
blěkni (imperative second-person singular)
blěkni (imperative singular third-person)
blěkněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
blěkněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
blěkněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
blěkněvě (dual first-person imperative)
blěkněta (dual imperative second-person)
blěkněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
blěkněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
blěkněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
blěkněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
blěkněte (imperative plural second-person)


bľukati

blyknǫti (perfective)
bľukanьje (noun-from-verb)
bľukati (infinitive)
bľukatъ (supine)
bľukalъ (l-participle)
bľukanъ (participle passive past)
bľukajemъ (participle passive present)
bľukavъ (active participle past)
bľukaję (active participle present)
bľukaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
bľuka (aorist second-person singular)
bľuka (aorist singular third-person)
bľukajǫ (first-person present singular)
bľukaješi (present second-person singular)
bľukajetь (present singular third-person)
bľukaxově (aorist dual first-person)
bľukasta (aorist dual second-person)
bľukaste (aorist dual third-person)
bľukajevě (dual first-person present)
bľukajeta (dual present second-person)
bľukajete (dual present third-person)
bľukaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bľukaste (aorist plural second-person)
bľukašę (aorist plural third-person)
bľukajemъ (first-person plural present)
bľukajete (plural present second-person)
bľukajǫtь (plural present third-person)
bľukaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bľukaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bľukaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bľukaji (imperative second-person singular)
bľukaji (imperative singular third-person)
bľukaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bľukaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bľukaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bľukajivě (dual first-person imperative)
bľukajita (dual imperative second-person)
bľukaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bľukaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bľukaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bľukajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bľukajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

⇒ Ukrainian: блю́хнути (bljúxnuty, “to spout”)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бли́кам (blíkam), бли́квам (blíkvam), dial. блю́кам (bljúkam)

Macedonian: блика (blika), бликнува (bliknuva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бли́хати (“to defecate”)

Latin script: blíhati (“to defecate”)

Probably from *bľuti (“to vomit”) + *-kati, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlewH- (“to overflow, to gush”). The Serbo-Croation and Ukrainian forms may reflect an ancient telic s-extension or may be of expressive origin. Akin to Ancient Greek φλύω (phlúō, “to boil over”), Latin fluō (“flow”).
Trubachev proposes instead origin from an earlier **bjukati, which is incompatible with the iterative form *blyjati > dial. Bulgarian блия (blija), Serbo-Croatian бли́јати.


blyjati

blyjanьje (noun-from-verb)
blyjati (infinitive)
blyjatъ (supine)
blyjalъ (l-participle)
blyjanъ (participle passive past)
blyjemъ (participle passive present)
blyjavъ (active participle past)
blyję (active participle present)
blyjaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
blyja (aorist second-person singular)
blyja (aorist singular third-person)
blyjǫ (first-person present singular)
blyješi (present second-person singular)
blyjetь (present singular third-person)
blyjaxově (aorist dual first-person)
blyjasta (aorist dual second-person)
blyjaste (aorist dual third-person)
blyjevě (dual first-person present)
blyjeta (dual present second-person)
blyjete (dual present third-person)
blyjaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
blyjaste (aorist plural second-person)
blyjašę (aorist plural third-person)
blyjemъ (first-person plural present)
blyjete (plural present second-person)
blyjǫtь (plural present third-person)
blyjaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
blyjaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
blyjaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
blyji (imperative second-person singular)
blyji (imperative singular third-person)
blyjaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
blyjaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
blyjaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
blyjivě (dual first-person imperative)
blyjita (dual imperative second-person)
blyjaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
blyjaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
blyjaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
blyjimъ (first-person imperative plural)
blyjite (imperative plural second-person)
blyjanьje (noun-from-verb)
blyjati (infinitive)
blyjatъ (supine)
blyjalъ (l-participle)
blyjanъ (participle passive past)
blyjajemъ (participle passive present)
blyjavъ (active participle past)
blyjaję (active participle present)
blyjaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
blyja (aorist second-person singular)
blyja (aorist singular third-person)
blyjajǫ (first-person present singular)
blyjaješi (present second-person singular)
blyjajetь (present singular third-person)
blyjaxově (aorist dual first-person)
blyjasta (aorist dual second-person)
blyjaste (aorist dual third-person)
blyjajevě (dual first-person present)
blyjajeta (dual present second-person)
blyjajete (dual present third-person)
blyjaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
blyjaste (aorist plural second-person)
blyjašę (aorist plural third-person)
blyjajemъ (first-person plural present)
blyjajete (plural present second-person)
blyjajǫtь (plural present third-person)
blyjaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
blyjaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
blyjaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
blyjaji (imperative second-person singular)
blyjaji (imperative singular third-person)
blyjaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
blyjaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
blyjaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
blyjajivě (dual first-person imperative)
blyjajita (dual imperative second-person)
blyjaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
blyjaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
blyjaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
blyjajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
blyjajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: блия (blija) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бли́јати (dialectal)

Latin script: blíjati (dialectal)

Essive of Proto-Indo-European *bʰlewH- (“to overflow, to gush”) + *-jati.

to spring continuously, to run (for fluid)


plynǫti

c (accent-paradigm)
plynovenьje (noun-from-verb)
plynǫti (infinitive)
plynǫtъ (supine)
plynǫlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
plynovenъ (participle passive past)
plynomъ (participle passive present)
plynǫvъ (active participle past)
plyny (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
plynǫxъ (aorist first-person singular)
plynǫ (aorist second-person singular)
plynǫ (aorist singular third-person)
plynǫ (first-person present singular)
plyneši (present second-person singular)
plynetь (present singular third-person)
plynǫxově (aorist dual first-person)
plynǫsta (aorist dual second-person)
plynǫste (aorist dual third-person)
plynevě (dual first-person present)
plyneta (dual present second-person)
plynete (dual present third-person)
plynǫxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
plynǫste (aorist plural second-person)
plynǫšę (aorist plural third-person)
plynemъ (first-person plural present)
plynete (plural present second-person)
plynǫtь (plural present third-person)
plyněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
plyněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
plyněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
plyni (imperative second-person singular)
plyni (imperative singular third-person)
plyněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
plyněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
plyněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
plyněvě (dual first-person imperative)
plyněta (dual imperative second-person)
plyněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
plyněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
plyněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
plyněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
plyněte (imperative plural second-person)

West Slavic:

Czech: plynout (“to follow”)

Polish: płynąć

Silesian: płynōńć

Slovak: plynúť

From *plyti + *-nǫti, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₃(w)-.


tьrpěti

tьrpě̀ti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
tьrpěnьje (noun-from-verb)
tьrpěti (infinitive)
tьrpětъ (supine)
tьrpělъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
tьrpěnъ (participle passive past)
tьrpimъ (participle passive present)
tьrpěvъ (active participle past)
tьrpę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
tьrpěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
tьrpě (aorist second-person singular)
tьrpě (aorist singular third-person)
tьrpľǫ (first-person present singular)
tьrpiši (present second-person singular)
tьrpitь (present singular third-person)
tьrpěxově (aorist dual first-person)
tьrpěsta (aorist dual second-person)
tьrpěste (aorist dual third-person)
tьrpivě (dual first-person present)
tьrpita (dual present second-person)
tьrpite (dual present third-person)
tьrpěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tьrpěste (aorist plural second-person)
tьrpěšę (aorist plural third-person)
tьrpimъ (first-person plural present)
tьrpite (plural present second-person)
tьrpętь (plural present third-person)
tьrpěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tьrpěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tьrpěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
tьrpi (imperative second-person singular)
tьrpi (imperative singular third-person)
tьrpěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tьrpěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tьrpěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tьrpivě (dual first-person imperative)
tьrpita (dual imperative second-person)
tьrpěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tьrpěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tьrpěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tьrpimъ (first-person imperative plural)
tьrpite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: тьрпѣти (tĭrpěti)

Belarusian: цярпе́ць (cjarpjécʹ)

Russian: терпе́ть (terpétʹ)

Ukrainian: терпі́ти (terpíty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: трьпѣти (trĭpěti)

Bulgarian: търпя́ (tǎrpjá)

Macedonian: трпи (trpi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: тр́пети, тр́пјети

Latin: tŕpeti, tŕpjeti

Slovene: trpẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: trpěti

Czech: trpět

desctree

Old Polish: cierpieć
Polish: cierpieć
Silesian: ciyrpieć

Slovak: trpieť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: śerpeś

Upper Sorbian: ćerpjeć

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: *tërpis

Albanian: tërpi

According to most sources, related to *tьrnǫti (> Old Church Slavonic оутрьпоста (utrĭposta)) and Lithuanian tir̃pti, Latin torpeō, thus inherited from Proto-Indo-European *ster- (“stiff”).
Alternatively, some have suggested that it is inherited from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥p-éh₁-(ye)-ti, eh₁-stative of *terp- (“to satisfy”). Compare Hindi तड़पना (taṛapnā, “to be restless”).


měžiti

měženьje (noun-from-verb)
měžiti (infinitive)
měžitъ (supine)
měžilъ (l-participle)
měženъ (participle passive past)
měžimъ (participle passive present)
měžь (active participle past)
měžę (active participle present)
měžixъ (aorist first-person singular)
měži (aorist second-person singular)
měži (aorist singular third-person)
měžǫ (first-person present singular)
měžiši (present second-person singular)
měžitь (present singular third-person)
měžixově (aorist dual first-person)
měžista (aorist dual second-person)
měžiste (aorist dual third-person)
měživě (dual first-person present)
měžita (dual present second-person)
měžite (dual present third-person)
měžixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
měžiste (aorist plural second-person)
měžišę (aorist plural third-person)
měžimъ (first-person plural present)
měžite (plural present second-person)
měžętь (plural present third-person)
měžaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
měžaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
měžaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
měži (imperative second-person singular)
měži (imperative singular third-person)
měžaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
měžaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
měžaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
měživě (dual first-person imperative)
měžita (dual imperative second-person)
měžaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
měžaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
měžaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
měžimъ (first-person imperative plural)
měžite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

⇒ Old East Slavic: съмѣжити (sŭměžiti)

⇒ Russian: смежи́ть (smežítʹ)

⇒ Russian: смежа́ть (smežátʹ)

Russian: межи́ть (mežítʹ)

South Slavic:

desc

⇒ Old Church Slavonic: съмѣжити (sŭměžiti)

Slovene: mẹ́žiti (“to shut, to trample”)

Iterative/causative o-grade form of Proto-Slavic *migàti, *mьžiti + *-iti. Reflects Proto-Balto-Slavic *máigīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃meygʰ-. Akin to Lithuanian miegóti (“to sleep”), Old Prussian meicte (“to sleep”).


bľuzgati

bľuzgnǫti (perfective)
bľuzgatьje (noun-from-verb)
bľuzgati (infinitive)
bľuzgatъ (supine)
bľuzgalъ (l-participle)
bľuzgatъ (participle passive past)
bľuzgajemъ (participle passive present)
bľuzgavъ (active participle past)
bľuzgaję (active participle present)
bľuzgaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
bľuzga (aorist second-person singular)
bľuzga (aorist singular third-person)
bľuzgajǫ (first-person present singular)
bľuzgaješi (present second-person singular)
bľuzgajetь (present singular third-person)
bľuzgaxově (aorist dual first-person)
bľuzgasta (aorist dual second-person)
bľuzgaste (aorist dual third-person)
bľuzgajevě (dual first-person present)
bľuzgajeta (dual present second-person)
bľuzgajete (dual present third-person)
bľuzgaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bľuzgaste (aorist plural second-person)
bľuzgašę (aorist plural third-person)
bľuzgajemъ (first-person plural present)
bľuzgajete (plural present second-person)
bľuzgajǫtь (plural present third-person)
bľuzgaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bľuzgaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bľuzgaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bľuzgaji (imperative second-person singular)
bľuzgaji (imperative singular third-person)
bľuzgaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bľuzgaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bľuzgaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bľuzgajivě (dual first-person imperative)
bľuzgajita (dual imperative second-person)
bľuzgaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bľuzgaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bľuzgaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bľuzgajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bľuzgajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: блю́згать (bljúzgatʹ)

⇒ Ukrainian: блюзну́ти (bljuznúty)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бљу̏згати

Latin script: bljȕzgati

Slovene: bljȗzgati

West Slavic:

Polish: bluzgać

From *bľuti (“to gush, to vomit”) + *-zgati, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlewH- (“to overflow, to gush”). Possibly stretching back to Proto-Balto-Slavic *bljauzgāˀtei, with cognates Lithuanian bliauzgóti (“to rattle, to babble”), Latvian blauzgêt (“to rattle, to babble”). Further akin to Lithuanian bliaũkšti (“to babble”), Lithuanian blùzginti (“to echo”), Latvian blūžgêt (“to splash”) within Balto-Slavic and to Ancient Greek φλύζω (phlúzō, “to boil up, to gush”), possibly German plauschen (“to blab, to chatter”) within Indo-European.
According to Trubachev, of onomatopoeic origin.

cog

(figurative) to swear, to curse, to mumble


světiti

světìti (canonical imperfective)
světnǫti (perfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
svěťenьje (noun-from-verb)
světiti (infinitive)
světitъ (supine)
světilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
svěťenъ (participle passive past)
světimъ (participle passive present)
svěťь (active participle past)
světę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
světixъ (aorist first-person singular)
světi (aorist second-person singular)
světi (aorist singular third-person)
svěťǫ (first-person present singular)
světiši (present second-person singular)
světitь (present singular third-person)
světixově (aorist dual first-person)
světista (aorist dual second-person)
světiste (aorist dual third-person)
světivě (dual first-person present)
světita (dual present second-person)
světite (dual present third-person)
světixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
světiste (aorist plural second-person)
světišę (aorist plural third-person)
světimъ (first-person plural present)
světite (plural present second-person)
světętь (plural present third-person)
svěťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
svěťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
svěťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
světi (imperative second-person singular)
světi (imperative singular third-person)
svěťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
svěťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
svěťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
světivě (dual first-person imperative)
světita (dual imperative second-person)
svěťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
svěťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
svěťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
světimъ (first-person imperative plural)
světite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: свѣтити (světiti)

Belarusian: свеці́ць (svjecícʹ)

Russian: свети́ть (svetítʹ)

Ukrainian: світи́ти (svitýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: свѣтити (světiti)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⰲⱑⱅⰹⱅⰹ (světiti)

Bulgarian: све́тя (svétja), dial. светя́ (svetjá)

desc

⇒ Bulgarian: светкам (svetkam), светвам (svetvam)

Macedonian: свети (sveti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: свије́тити, све́тити

Latin script: svijétiti, svétiti

Slovene: svetīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: svietiti

Czech: svítit

Polish: świecić

Slovak: svietiť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: swěćyć

Lower Sorbian: swěśyś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śwaitī́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweyt-. Morphologically from Proto-Slavic *světъ (“world”) + *-iti. Cognate with Lithuanian švaitýti (according to Snoj: both are of secondary origin).


svьtěti

svьnǫti (perfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
svьtěnьje (noun-from-verb)
svьtěti (infinitive)
svьtětъ (supine)
svьtělъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
svьtěnъ (participle passive past)
svьtimъ (participle passive present)
svьtěvъ (active participle past)
svьtę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
svьtěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
svьtě (aorist second-person singular)
svьtě (aorist singular third-person)
svьťǫ (first-person present singular)
svьtiši (present second-person singular)
svьtitь (present singular third-person)
svьtěxově (aorist dual first-person)
svьtěsta (aorist dual second-person)
svьtěste (aorist dual third-person)
svьtivě (dual first-person present)
svьtita (dual present second-person)
svьtite (dual present third-person)
svьtěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
svьtěste (aorist plural second-person)
svьtěšę (aorist plural third-person)
svьtimъ (first-person plural present)
svьtite (plural present second-person)
svьtętь (plural present third-person)
svьtěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
svьtěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
svьtěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
svьti (imperative second-person singular)
svьti (imperative singular third-person)
svьtěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
svьtěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
svьtěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
svьtivě (dual first-person imperative)
svьtita (dual imperative second-person)
svьtěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
svьtěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
svьtěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
svьtimъ (first-person imperative plural)
svьtite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: свьтѣти (svĭtěti)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⰲⱐⱅⱑⱅⰹ (svĭtěti)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: stvieti, stkvieti, skvieti, kstvieti

Czech: skvít, stkvít

Polish: świt

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *świtḗˀtei, from essive of Proto-Indo-European *ḱweyt- (“to shine”). Cognate with Lithuanian švitė́ti (“to shine, to shimmer”).

cog

Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben
Rick Derksen


polknǫti

polknǫ̀ti (canonical imperfective)
polkovati (perfective)
polknovenьje (noun-from-verb)
polknǫti (infinitive)
polknǫtъ (supine)
polknǫlъ (l-participle)
polknovenъ (participle passive past)
polknomъ (participle passive present)
polknǫvъ (active participle past)
polkny (active participle present)
polknǫxъ (aorist first-person singular)
polknǫ (aorist second-person singular)
polknǫ (aorist singular third-person)
polknǫ (first-person present singular)
polkneši (present second-person singular)
polknetь (present singular third-person)
polknǫxově (aorist dual first-person)
polknǫsta (aorist dual second-person)
polknǫste (aorist dual third-person)
polknevě (dual first-person present)
polkneta (dual present second-person)
polknete (dual present third-person)
polknǫxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
polknǫste (aorist plural second-person)
polknǫšę (aorist plural third-person)
polknemъ (first-person plural present)
polknete (plural present second-person)
polknǫtь (plural present third-person)
polkněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
polkněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
polkněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
polkni (imperative second-person singular)
polkni (imperative singular third-person)
polkněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
polkněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
polkněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
polkněvě (dual first-person imperative)
polkněta (dual imperative second-person)
polkněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
polkněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
polkněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
polkněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
polkněte (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: пла́кна (plákna)

Macedonian: плакне (plakne)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: спла́нути

Latin script: spláknuti

Slovene: -plaknīti

Slovene: izplaknīti

Slovene: odplaknīti

Slovene: poplaknīti

Slovene: splakováti

From *polkati (“to wash, to beat”) + *-nǫti.


polkati

polkàti (canonical)
polkanьje (noun-from-verb)
polkati (infinitive)
polkatъ (supine)
polkalъ (l-participle)
polkanъ (participle passive past)
polčemъ (participle passive present)
polkavъ (active participle past)
polčę (active participle present)
polkaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
polka (aorist second-person singular)
polka (aorist singular third-person)
polčǫ (first-person present singular)
polčeši (present second-person singular)
polčetь (present singular third-person)
polkaxově (aorist dual first-person)
polkasta (aorist dual second-person)
polkaste (aorist dual third-person)
polčevě (dual first-person present)
polčeta (dual present second-person)
polčete (dual present third-person)
polkaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
polkaste (aorist plural second-person)
polkašę (aorist plural third-person)
polčemъ (first-person plural present)
polčete (plural present second-person)
polčǫtь (plural present third-person)
polkaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
polkaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
polkaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
polči (imperative second-person singular)
polči (imperative singular third-person)
polkaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
polkaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
polkaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
polčivě (dual first-person imperative)
polčita (dual imperative second-person)
polkaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
polkaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
polkaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
polčimъ (first-person imperative plural)
polčite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: полокати (polokati)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: плакати (plakati)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⰾⰰⰽⰰⱅⰻ (plakati)

Slovene: plákati (colloquial)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: plákat

Kashubian: płokac

Old Polish: płókać
Polish: płukać

Sorbian

Upper Sorbian: płokać

Related to Proto-Slavic *polti (“to wind, to fold”)


bъzikati

bъzikanьje (noun-from-verb)
bъzikati (infinitive)
bъzikatъ (supine)
bъzikalъ (l-participle)
bъzikanъ (participle passive past)
bъzikajemъ (participle passive present)
bъzikavъ (active participle past)
bъzikaję (active participle present)
bъzikaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
bъzika (aorist second-person singular)
bъzika (aorist singular third-person)
bъzikajǫ (first-person present singular)
bъzikaješi (present second-person singular)
bъzikajetь (present singular third-person)
bъzikaxově (aorist dual first-person)
bъzikasta (aorist dual second-person)
bъzikaste (aorist dual third-person)
bъzikajevě (dual first-person present)
bъzikajeta (dual present second-person)
bъzikajete (dual present third-person)
bъzikaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bъzikaste (aorist plural second-person)
bъzikašę (aorist plural third-person)
bъzikajemъ (first-person plural present)
bъzikajete (plural present second-person)
bъzikajǫtь (plural present third-person)
bъzikaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bъzikaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bъzikaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bъzikaji (imperative second-person singular)
bъzikaji (imperative singular third-person)
bъzikaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bъzikaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bъzikaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bъzikajivě (dual first-person imperative)
bъzikajita (dual imperative second-person)
bъzikaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bъzikaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bъzikaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bъzikajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bъzikajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: бзы́кать (bzýkatʹ)

South Slavic:

Slovene: bzíkati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: bzikat

Polish: bzykać (“to buzz”)

Slovak: bzíkať (“to fly (for insects)”)

Of onomatopoeic origin. Equivalent to *bъzikъ + *-ati.


tupati

tupanьje (noun-from-verb)
tupati (infinitive)
tupatъ (supine)
tupalъ (l-participle)
tupanъ (participle passive past)
tupajemъ (participle passive present)
tupavъ (active participle past)
tupaję (active participle present)
tupaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
tupa (aorist second-person singular)
tupa (aorist singular third-person)
tupajǫ (first-person present singular)
tupaješi (present second-person singular)
tupajetь (present singular third-person)
tupaxově (aorist dual first-person)
tupasta (aorist dual second-person)
tupaste (aorist dual third-person)
tupajevě (dual first-person present)
tupajeta (dual present second-person)
tupajete (dual present third-person)
tupaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tupaste (aorist plural second-person)
tupašę (aorist plural third-person)
tupajemъ (first-person plural present)
tupajete (plural present second-person)
tupajǫtь (plural present third-person)
tupaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tupaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tupaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
tupaji (imperative second-person singular)
tupaji (imperative singular third-person)
tupaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tupaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tupaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tupajivě (dual first-person imperative)
tupajita (dual imperative second-person)
tupaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tupaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tupaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tupajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
tupajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ту́паць (túpacʹ)

Russian: ту́пать (túpatʹ)

Ukrainian: ту́пати (túpaty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ту́пам (túpam)

Macedonian: тупа (tupa)

West Slavic:

Polish: tupać

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: tupać

Lower Sorbian: tupaś

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp-, with cognates Lithuanian tupė́ti (“to crowd, to squat”), Sanskrit तोपति (topati), तुपति (tupati, “to hurt”), Ancient Greek τύπτω (túptō, “to beat, to smite”), Latin stupeō (“to stun”), possibly Proto-Germanic *þeubaz (“thief”), *þubōną.


posylati

posylàti (canonical imperfective)
posъlàti (perfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
posylanьje (noun-from-verb)
posylati (infinitive)
posylatъ (supine)
posylalъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
posylanъ (participle passive past)
posylajemъ (participle passive present)
posylavъ (active participle past)
posylaję (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
posylaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
posyla (aorist second-person singular)
posyla (aorist singular third-person)
posylajǫ (first-person present singular)
posylaješi (present second-person singular)
posylajetь (present singular third-person)
posylaxově (aorist dual first-person)
posylasta (aorist dual second-person)
posylaste (aorist dual third-person)
posylajevě (dual first-person present)
posylajeta (dual present second-person)
posylajete (dual present third-person)
posylaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
posylaste (aorist plural second-person)
posylašę (aorist plural third-person)
posylajemъ (first-person plural present)
posylajete (plural present second-person)
posylajǫtь (plural present third-person)
posylaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
posylaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
posylaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
posylaji (imperative second-person singular)
posylaji (imperative singular third-person)
posylaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
posylaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
posylaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
posylajivě (dual first-person imperative)
posylajita (dual imperative second-person)
posylaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
posylaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
posylaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
posylajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
posylajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: пасыла́ць (pasylácʹ)

Russian: посыла́ть (posylátʹ)

Ukrainian: посила́ти (posyláty)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: посꙑлати (posylati)

Bulgarian: поси́лам (posílam) (dated)

⇒ Slovene: pošíljati

West Slavic:

Polish: posyłać