ryti

rỳti (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
rytьje (noun-from-verb)
ryti (infinitive)
rytъ (supine)
rylъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
rytъ (participle passive past)
ryjemъ (participle passive present)
ryvъ (active participle past)
ryję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
ryxъ (aorist first-person singular)
ry (aorist second-person singular)
ry (aorist singular third-person)
ryjǫ (first-person present singular)
ryješi (present second-person singular)
ryjetь (present singular third-person)
ryxově (aorist dual first-person)
rysta (aorist dual second-person)
ryste (aorist dual third-person)
ryjevě (dual first-person present)
ryjeta (dual present second-person)
ryjete (dual present third-person)
ryxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
ryste (aorist plural second-person)
ryšę (aorist plural third-person)
ryjemъ (first-person plural present)
ryjete (plural present second-person)
ryjǫtь (plural present third-person)
ryjaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
ryjaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
ryjaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
ryji (imperative second-person singular)
ryji (imperative singular third-person)
ryjaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
ryjaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
ryjaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
ryjivě (dual first-person imperative)
ryjita (dual imperative second-person)
ryjaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
ryjaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
ryjaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
ryjimъ (first-person imperative plural)
ryjite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: рꙑти (ryti)

Old Ruthenian: рыти (ryti)

Belarusian: рыць (rycʹ)

Ukrainian: ри́ти (rýty)

Russian: рыть (rytʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: рꙑти (ryti)

Glagolitic script: ⱃⱏⰹⱅⰻ (ryti)

Bulgarian: ри́я (ríja)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ри̏ти

Latin script: rȉti

Slovene: ríti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: rýti

Czech: rýt

Polish: ryć

Slovak: ryť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: ryć

Lower Sorbian: ryś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rūˀ-. Baltic cognates include Lithuanian ráuti (“to tear out, to pull”), Latvian raût (“to tear, to pull, to take”), Lithuanian ravė́ti (“to weed”), 1sg. raviù, Latvian ravêt (“to weed”). Further connections:
* Vasmer: Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit रवति (rávati, “to smash, to crush”), Latin ruere (“to rip, to dig”), rūtrum (“spade”), Ancient Greek ἐρυσίχθων (erusíkhthōn, “raking the ground”), Irish ruam (“spade”) < *roumā. (This root is normally reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European *Hrew-.)
* Derksen: From Proto-Indo-European *(H)ruH-. Indo-European cognates include Old Norse rýja (“to tear out wool”), Latin rūta caesa (“minerals already dug up, timber already felled, when an estate is sold”). Derksen seems unwilling to include Vasmer's cognates due to his assumption of a laryngeal in the root, required in his view to account for the acute tone of the term.


stonati

stonanьje (noun-from-verb)
stonati (infinitive)
stonatъ (supine)
stonalъ (l-participle)
stonanъ (participle passive past)
stoňemъ (participle passive present)
stonavъ (active participle past)
stoňę (active participle present)
stonaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
stona (aorist second-person singular)
stona (aorist singular third-person)
stoňǫ (first-person present singular)
stoňeši (present second-person singular)
stoňetь (present singular third-person)
stonaxově (aorist dual first-person)
stonasta (aorist dual second-person)
stonaste (aorist dual third-person)
stoňevě (dual first-person present)
stoňeta (dual present second-person)
stoňete (dual present third-person)
stonaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
stonaste (aorist plural second-person)
stonašę (aorist plural third-person)
stoňemъ (first-person plural present)
stoňete (plural present second-person)
stoňǫtь (plural present third-person)
stonaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
stonaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
stonaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
stoňi (imperative second-person singular)
stoňi (imperative singular third-person)
stonaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
stonaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
stonaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
stoňivě (dual first-person imperative)
stoňita (dual imperative second-person)
stonaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
stonaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
stonaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
stoňimъ (first-person imperative plural)
stoňite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: стонати (stonati)

⇒ Old Ruthenian: стогна́ти (stohnáti)

Belarusian: стагна́ць (stahnácʹ)

Ukrainian: стогна́ти (stohnáty)

Russian: стона́ть (stonátʹ)

West Slavic:

⇒ Kashubian: stãkac

Czech: stonat

⇒ Old Polish: stękać

Polish: stękać

Silesian: stynkać

Slovak: stоnаť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: stonać


slaviti

slavľenьje (noun-from-verb)
slaviti (infinitive)
slavitъ (supine)
slavilъ (l-participle)
slavľenъ (participle passive past)
slavimъ (participle passive present)
slavľь (active participle past)
slavę (active participle present)
slavixъ (aorist first-person singular)
slavi (aorist second-person singular)
slavi (aorist singular third-person)
slavľǫ (first-person present singular)
slaviši (present second-person singular)
slavitь (present singular third-person)
slavixově (aorist dual first-person)
slavista (aorist dual second-person)
slaviste (aorist dual third-person)
slavivě (dual first-person present)
slavita (dual present second-person)
slavite (dual present third-person)
slavixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
slaviste (aorist plural second-person)
slavišę (aorist plural third-person)
slavimъ (first-person plural present)
slavite (plural present second-person)
slavętь (plural present third-person)
slavľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
slavľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
slavľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
slavi (imperative second-person singular)
slavi (imperative singular third-person)
slavľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
slavľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
slavľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
slavivě (dual first-person imperative)
slavita (dual imperative second-person)
slavľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
slavľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
slavľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
slavimъ (first-person imperative plural)
slavite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: сла́віць (slávicʹ)

Russian: сла́вить (slávitʹ)

Ukrainian: сла́вити (slávyty)

South Slavic

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: славити (slaviti)

Bulgarian: сла̀вя (slàvja)

Macedonian: слави (slavi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сла̏вити

Latin script: slȁviti

Slovene: slavíti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic

Czech: slavit

Polish: sławić

Old Slovak:

Pannonian Rusyn: славиц (slavic)

Slovak: slaviť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: sławić

Lower Sorbian: sławiś


ličiti

ličenьje (noun-from-verb)
ličiti (infinitive)
ličitъ (supine)
ličilъ (l-participle)
ličenъ (participle passive past)
ličimъ (participle passive present)
ličь (active participle past)
ličę (active participle present)
ličixъ (aorist first-person singular)
liči (aorist second-person singular)
liči (aorist singular third-person)
ličǫ (first-person present singular)
ličiši (present second-person singular)
ličitь (present singular third-person)
ličixově (aorist dual first-person)
ličista (aorist dual second-person)
ličiste (aorist dual third-person)
ličivě (dual first-person present)
ličita (dual present second-person)
ličite (dual present third-person)
ličixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
ličiste (aorist plural second-person)
ličišę (aorist plural third-person)
ličimъ (first-person plural present)
ličite (plural present second-person)
ličętь (plural present third-person)
ličaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
ličaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
ličaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
liči (imperative second-person singular)
liči (imperative singular third-person)
ličaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
ličaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
ličaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
ličivě (dual first-person imperative)
ličita (dual imperative second-person)
ličaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
ličaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
ličaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
ličimъ (first-person imperative plural)
ličite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: личити (ličiti)

Belarusian: лічы́ць (ličýcʹ)

Russian: ли́чить (líčitʹ), -личи́ть (-ličítʹ)

Ukrainian: лічи́ти (ličýty)

South Slavic

Old Church Slavonic:

Russian Church Slavonic: личити (ličiti)

Bulgarian: лича́ (ličá)

Macedonian: личи (liči)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: лѝчити, ли́чити

Latin script: lìčiti, líčiti

Slovene: líčiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic

Old Czech: líčiti

Czech: líčit

desctree

Old Polish: liczyć
Polish: liczyć
Silesian: liczyć

Slovak: líčiť

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: liczëc

Slovincian: lëczic

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: licyś

Upper Sorbian: ličić


tajiti

tajìti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
tajenьje (noun-from-verb)
tajiti (infinitive)
tajitъ (supine)
tajilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
tajenъ (participle passive past)
tajimъ (participle passive present)
tajь (active participle past)
taję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
tajixъ (aorist first-person singular)
taji (aorist second-person singular)
taji (aorist singular third-person)
tajǫ (first-person present singular)
tajiši (present second-person singular)
tajitь (present singular third-person)
tajixově (aorist dual first-person)
tajista (aorist dual second-person)
tajiste (aorist dual third-person)
tajivě (dual first-person present)
tajita (dual present second-person)
tajite (dual present third-person)
tajixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tajiste (aorist plural second-person)
tajišę (aorist plural third-person)
tajimъ (first-person plural present)
tajite (plural present second-person)
tajętь (plural present third-person)
tajaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tajaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tajaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
taji (imperative second-person singular)
taji (imperative singular third-person)
tajaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tajaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tajaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tajivě (dual first-person imperative)
tajita (dual imperative second-person)
tajaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tajaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tajaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
tajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: таити (taiti), 1sg. таю (taju)

Belarusian: таі́ць (taícʹ)

Russian: таи́ть (taítʹ)

Ukrainian: таї́ти (tajíty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: таити (taiti)

Glagolitic: ⱅⰰⰹⱅⰹ (taiti)

Bulgarian: тая́ (tajá), 2p. таи́ш (taíš)

Macedonian: таи (tai)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: та́јити

Latin script: tájiti

Slovene: tajíti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: tajiti

Czech: tajit

Old Polish: taić

Polish: taić

Slovak: tajiť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: tajić, 1sg. taju

Lower Sorbian: tajiś

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)teh₂y-. Cognate with Hittite [script needed] (tāyezzi), [script needed] (tāyazzi, “to steal”), Old Irish táid (“thief”), Sanskrit तायु (tāyu, “thief”), Avestan 𐬙𐬁𐬫𐬎 (tāyu, “thief”), Ancient Greek τητάω (tētáō, “to deprive”), τηΰσιος (tēǘsios, “deceptive, (in) vain”) (Doric τᾱΰσιος (tāǘsios)), etc.


buniti

bujiti (imperfective)
buňenьje (noun-from-verb)
buniti (infinitive)
bunitъ (supine)
bunilъ (l-participle)
buňenъ (participle passive past)
buňь (active participle past)
bunixъ (aorist first-person singular)
buni (aorist second-person singular)
buni (aorist singular third-person)
buňǫ (first-person present singular)
buniši (present second-person singular)
bunitь (present singular third-person)
bunixově (aorist dual first-person)
bunista (aorist dual second-person)
buniste (aorist dual third-person)
bunivě (dual first-person present)
bunita (dual present second-person)
bunite (dual present third-person)
bunixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
buniste (aorist plural second-person)
bunišę (aorist plural third-person)
bunimъ (first-person plural present)
bunite (plural present second-person)
bunętь (plural present third-person)
buni (imperative second-person singular)
buni (imperative singular third-person)
bunivě (dual first-person imperative)
bunita (dual imperative second-person)
bunimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bunite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: буни́ть (bunítʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: буня́ (bunjá)

Macedonian: буни (buni)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бу́нити

Latin script: búniti

Formed as *buna (“excitation; riot”) + *-iti, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewH- (“to inflate, to grow”) and partially from the onomatopoeic *bew- (“to howl, to storm”).

inh

(by extension) → to rebel, to riot


mazati

màzati (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
mazanьje (noun-from-verb)
mazati (infinitive)
mazatъ (supine)
mazalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
mazanъ (participle passive past)
mažemъ (participle passive present)
mazavъ (active participle past)
mažę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
mazaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
maza (aorist second-person singular)
maza (aorist singular third-person)
mažǫ (first-person present singular)
mažeši (present second-person singular)
mažetь (present singular third-person)
mazaxově (aorist dual first-person)
mazasta (aorist dual second-person)
mazaste (aorist dual third-person)
maževě (dual first-person present)
mažeta (dual present second-person)
mažete (dual present third-person)
mazaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mazaste (aorist plural second-person)
mazašę (aorist plural third-person)
mažemъ (first-person plural present)
mažete (plural present second-person)
mažǫtь (plural present third-person)
mazaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mazaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mazaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
maži (imperative second-person singular)
maži (imperative singular third-person)
mazaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mazaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mazaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
maživě (dual first-person imperative)
mažita (dual imperative second-person)
mazaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mazaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mazaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mažimъ (first-person imperative plural)
mažite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мазати (mazati)

Belarusian: ма́заць (mázacʹ)

Russian: ма́зать (mázatʹ)

Ukrainian: ма́зати (mázaty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мазати (mazati)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: ма́жа (máža)

Macedonian: máž́am (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ма̏зати

Latin script: mȁzati

Slovene: mázati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mazati

Czech: mazat

Kashubian: mazac

Polabian: mozę (3sg.)

Old Polish: mazać

Polish: mazać

Slovak: mazať

Slovincian: mazac

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: mazać

Lower Sorbian: mazaś

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: mazac (regional)

Unclear.
* Derksen proposes two possibilities:
*# From Proto-Balto-Slavic *mōˀź-, cognate with Lithuanian mė́žti (“to muck out”), Latvian mêzt (“to muck out, to sweep”), mõzêt (“to gobble, to pound, to fool, to harass, to beat”).
*# Cognate with Ancient Greek μάσσω (mássō, “to knead”) (aorist passive μαγῆναι (magênai)), Old Armenian մածանիմ (macanim, “to thicken, to stick together”), English make, from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂ǵ-.
* Vasmer and Chernykh believe that both of the previous possibilities reflect the same PIE root, which underlies this term.


greti

gretì (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
grebenьje (noun-from-verb)
greti (infinitive)
gretъ (supine)
greblъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
grebenъ (participle passive past)
grebomъ (participle passive present)
grebъ (active participle past)
greby (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
grebъ (aorist first-person singular)
greboxъ (aorist first-person singular)
grebe (aorist second-person singular)
grebe (aorist singular third-person)
grebǫ (first-person present singular)
grebeši (present second-person singular)
grebetь (present singular third-person)
grebově (aorist dual first-person)
greboxově (aorist dual first-person)
grebeta (aorist dual second-person)
grebosta (aorist dual second-person)
grebete (aorist dual third-person)
greboste (aorist dual third-person)
grebevě (dual first-person present)
grebeta (dual present second-person)
grebete (dual present third-person)
grebomъ (aorist first-person plural)
greboxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
grebete (aorist plural second-person)
greboste (aorist plural second-person)
grebǫ (aorist plural third-person)
grebošę (aorist plural third-person)
grebemъ (first-person plural present)
grebete (plural present second-person)
grebǫtь (plural present third-person)
greběaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
greběaše (imperfect second-person singular)
greběaše (imperfect singular third-person)
grebi (imperative second-person singular)
grebi (imperative singular third-person)
greběaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
greběašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
greběašete (dual imperfect third-person)
greběvě (dual first-person imperative)
greběta (dual imperative second-person)
greběaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
greběašete (imperfect plural second-person)
greběaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
greběmъ (first-person imperative plural)
greběte (imperative plural second-person)

Rick Derksen
cs:Český etymologický slovník

East Slavic:

i

Old East Slavic: грети (greti), грести (gresti) (both attested only from the 14th century)

Belarusian: грэ́бці (hrébci)

Russian: грести́ (grestí)

Ukrainian: гребти́ (hrebtý)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: грети (greti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: греба́ (grebá)

Macedonian: гребе (grebe)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: грѐпсти

Latin script: grèpsti

Slovene: grébsti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desc

Old Czech: hřésti, hřébsti, ⇒ pohřésti, ⇒ pohřbieti

Czech: hřésti (obsolete), hřébsti (obsolete), hřběti (obsolete)

Kashubian: grzebac

Old Polish: grześć

Polish: grzebać

Slovak: hriebsť

From earlier *grebtì, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *grebtei, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrebʰ-. Cognate with Lithuanian grė́bti (“to seize, to rob, to rake”), Latvian grebt (“to seize, to scrape, to excavate”), Sanskrit गृह्णाति (gṛhṇā́ti), गृभ्णाति (gṛbhṇā́ti, “to seize, to hold, to take”), Gothic 𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (graban, “to dig”), English grab. Per Derksen, the acute vowel of Lithuanian grė́bti is analogical after gróbti (“to seize”).
Note the development of the infinitive: *grebtì > *gretì (by regular sound change) > *grestì (by analogy with other consonant-stem verbs, most of which have infinitives in -*sti or -*zti) > *grebstì (by analogy with the stem *greb-, only in some languages).


čakati

čakanьje (noun-from-verb)
čakati (infinitive)
čakatъ (supine)
čakalъ (l-participle)
čakanъ (participle passive past)
čakajemъ (participle passive present)
čakavъ (active participle past)
čakaję (active participle present)
čakaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
čaka (aorist second-person singular)
čaka (aorist singular third-person)
čakajǫ (first-person present singular)
čakaješi (present second-person singular)
čakajetь (present singular third-person)
čakaxově (aorist dual first-person)
čakasta (aorist dual second-person)
čakaste (aorist dual third-person)
čakajevě (dual first-person present)
čakajeta (dual present second-person)
čakajete (dual present third-person)
čakaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
čakaste (aorist plural second-person)
čakašę (aorist plural third-person)
čakajemъ (first-person plural present)
čakajete (plural present second-person)
čakajǫtь (plural present third-person)
čakaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
čakaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
čakaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
čakaji (imperative second-person singular)
čakaji (imperative singular third-person)
čakaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
čakaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
čakaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
čakajivě (dual first-person imperative)
čakajita (dual imperative second-person)
čakaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
čakaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
čakaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
čakajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
čakajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ча́кам (čákam)

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: ча̏kati

Latin script: čȁkati

Slovene: čákati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: čakati

Old Polish: czakać

Slovak: čakať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: cakaś

Upper Sorbian: čakać

Considered by some to be an extension of *čajati.


verti

vertì (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
vьrtьje (noun-from-verb)
verti (infinitive)
vertъ (supine)
vьrlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
vьrtъ (participle passive past)
vьromъ (participle passive present)
vьrъ (active participle past)
vьry (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
verxъ (aorist first-person singular)
ver (aorist second-person singular)
ver (aorist singular third-person)
vьrǫ (first-person present singular)
vьreši (present second-person singular)
vьretь (present singular third-person)
verxově (aorist dual first-person)
versta (aorist dual second-person)
verste (aorist dual third-person)
vьrevě (dual first-person present)
vьreta (dual present second-person)
vьrete (dual present third-person)
verxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
verste (aorist plural second-person)
veršę (aorist plural third-person)
vьremъ (first-person plural present)
vьrete (plural present second-person)
vьrǫtь (plural present third-person)
vьrěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vьrěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vьrěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vьri (imperative second-person singular)
vьri (imperative singular third-person)
vьrěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vьrěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vьrěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vьrěvě (dual first-person imperative)
vьrěta (dual imperative second-person)
vьrěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vьrěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vьrěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vьrěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
vьrěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: вере́ть (verétʹ) (obsolete)

⇒ Russian: вера́ть (verátʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: врѣти (vrěti)

⇒ Romanian: vârî

Bulgarian: вра́ (vrá)

Slovene: vẹ́rti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Polish: wrzeć (“to squeeze, press”)

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wérˀtei, perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wer-.
Slavic may have inherited two separate forms from the same root: thematic present with mobile accent and athematic root-aorist with fixed.


kušati

kùšati (canonical imperfective)
kusnǫti (perfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
kušanьje (noun-from-verb)
kušati (infinitive)
kušatъ (supine)
kušalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
kušanъ (participle passive past)
kušajemъ (participle passive present)
kušavъ (active participle past)
kušaję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
kušaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kuša (aorist second-person singular)
kuša (aorist singular third-person)
kušajǫ (first-person present singular)
kušaješi (present second-person singular)
kušajetь (present singular third-person)
kušaxově (aorist dual first-person)
kušasta (aorist dual second-person)
kušaste (aorist dual third-person)
kušajevě (dual first-person present)
kušajeta (dual present second-person)
kušajete (dual present third-person)
kušaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kušaste (aorist plural second-person)
kušašę (aorist plural third-person)
kušajemъ (first-person plural present)
kušajete (plural present second-person)
kušajǫtь (plural present third-person)
kušaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kušaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kušaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kušaji (imperative second-person singular)
kušaji (imperative singular third-person)
kušaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kušaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kušaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kušajivě (dual first-person imperative)
kušajita (dual imperative second-person)
kušaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kušaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kušaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kušajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kušajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кушати (kušati)

desc

Belarusian: ку́шаць (kúšacʹ), куша́цьца (kušácʹca)

Russian: ку́шать (kúšatʹ), куша́ться (kušátʹsja)

Ukrainian: ку́шати (kúšaty), куштува́ти (kuštuváty)

South Slavic:

⇒ Old Church Slavonic: въкоушати (vŭkušati)

Bulgarian: ку́шам (kúšam) (dialectal)

Macedonian: куша (kuša, “to babble”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ку̏шати

Latin script: kȕšati

Slovene: kúšati

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kušat

Czech: zkoušet

Old Polish: kuszać

Iterative of *kusiti (“to probe, to trail”) + *-jati, of Germanic origin, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵews- (“to test, try”). In Slavic languages where *ǫ > *u, *kušati has merged with native *kǫšati (“to bite off”) (from *kǫsъ (“bite”)).

der

→ (reflexive) (+ *sę) to have a meal, to eat


skočiti

skočìti (canonical perfective)
skakati (imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
skočenьje (noun-from-verb)
skočiti (infinitive)
skočitъ (supine)
skočilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
skočenъ (participle passive past)
skočь (active participle past)
b (accent-paradigm)
skočixъ (aorist first-person singular)
skoči (aorist second-person singular)
skoči (aorist singular third-person)
skočǫ (first-person present singular)
skočiši (present second-person singular)
skočitь (present singular third-person)
skočixově (aorist dual first-person)
skočista (aorist dual second-person)
skočiste (aorist dual third-person)
skočivě (dual first-person present)
skočita (dual present second-person)
skočite (dual present third-person)
skočixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
skočiste (aorist plural second-person)
skočišę (aorist plural third-person)
skočimъ (first-person plural present)
skočite (plural present second-person)
skočętь (plural present third-person)
skoči (imperative second-person singular)
skoči (imperative singular third-person)
skočivě (dual first-person imperative)
skočita (dual imperative second-person)
skočimъ (first-person imperative plural)
skočite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: скочити (skočiti)

Russian: -скочи́ть (-skočítʹ)

Ukrainian: скочи́ти (skočýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: скочити (skočiti)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⰽⱁⱍⰹⱅⰹ (skočiti)

Bulgarian: ско́ча (skóča)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ско̀чити

Latin script: skòčiti

Slovene: skočīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: skočiti

Czech: skočit

Polish: skoczyć

Slovak: skočiť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: skocyś

Upper Sorbian: skočić

From Proto-Indo-European *skok-eye-ti, from *skek-. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *skakaną.


lokati

lokàti (canonical imperfective)
lokanьje (noun-from-verb)
lokati (infinitive)
lokatъ (supine)
lokalъ (l-participle)
lokanъ (participle passive past)
ločemъ (participle passive present)
lokavъ (active participle past)
ločę (active participle present)
lokaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
loka (aorist second-person singular)
loka (aorist singular third-person)
ločǫ (first-person present singular)
ločeši (present second-person singular)
ločetь (present singular third-person)
lokaxově (aorist dual first-person)
lokasta (aorist dual second-person)
lokaste (aorist dual third-person)
ločevě (dual first-person present)
ločeta (dual present second-person)
ločete (dual present third-person)
lokaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
lokaste (aorist plural second-person)
lokašę (aorist plural third-person)
ločemъ (first-person plural present)
ločete (plural present second-person)
ločǫtь (plural present third-person)
lokaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
lokaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
lokaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
loči (imperative second-person singular)
loči (imperative singular third-person)
lokaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
lokaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
lokaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
ločivě (dual first-person imperative)
ločita (dual imperative second-person)
lokaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
lokaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
lokaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
ločimъ (first-person imperative plural)
ločite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: лакати (lakati), локати (lokati) (15th century)

Belarusian: ло́каць (lókacʹ)

Russian: лака́ть (lakátʹ), лока́ть (lokátʹ)

Ukrainian: лока́ти (lokáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: локати (lokati)

Bulgarian: ло́ча (lóča), ло́кам (lókam)

Macedonian: лока (loka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ло̀кати

Latin script: lòkati

Slovene: lọ̄kati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: lokati

Czech: lokat

Old Polish: łokać

Polish: łokać, łakać (dialectal)

Slovak: logať

Slovincian: lôkac

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *lak-. Cognate with Lithuanian làkti (“to lap”), Latvian lakt (“to lap”), Old Armenian լակեմ (lakem, “to lick”). Per Derksen, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *lak-, an assumed expressive or onomatopoeic root with "European *a". Vasmer additionally suggests a possible relationship with Ancient Greek λάπτω (láptō, “to lick”), which Derksen would prefer to trace back to a separate Proto-Indo-European expressive root *lap-.


krojiti

krojìti (canonical)
krojenьje (noun-from-verb)
krojiti (infinitive)
krojitъ (supine)
krojilъ (l-participle)
krojenъ (participle passive past)
krojimъ (participle passive present)
krojь (active participle past)
kroję (active participle present)
krojixъ (aorist first-person singular)
kroji (aorist second-person singular)
kroji (aorist singular third-person)
krojǫ (first-person present singular)
krojiši (present second-person singular)
krojitь (present singular third-person)
krojixově (aorist dual first-person)
krojista (aorist dual second-person)
krojiste (aorist dual third-person)
krojivě (dual first-person present)
krojita (dual present second-person)
krojite (dual present third-person)
krojixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
krojiste (aorist plural second-person)
krojišę (aorist plural third-person)
krojimъ (first-person plural present)
krojite (plural present second-person)
krojętь (plural present third-person)
krojaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
krojaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
krojaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kroji (imperative second-person singular)
kroji (imperative singular third-person)
krojaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
krojaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
krojaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
krojivě (dual first-person imperative)
krojita (dual imperative second-person)
krojaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
krojaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
krojaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
krojimъ (first-person imperative plural)
krojite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кроити (kroiti)

Belarusian: кро́іць (króicʹ)

Russian: крои́ть (kroítʹ, “to cut out”), 1sg. крою́ (krojú), 3sg. крои́т (kroít)

Ukrainian: кро́їти (krójity)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: кроя́ (krojá, “to cut out (a garment), to devise”)

Macedonian: крои (kroi, “to cut out”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кро̀јити (“to cut”), 1sg. кро̀јӣм

Latin: kròjiti (“to cut”), 1sg. kròjīm

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: krojíti (“to cut out, to unstitch, to split, to disrupt”) (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: krojit (“to cut”)

Polabian: krüjĕ (“to cut”, 3sg.)

Old Polish: kroić (“to cut”)

Polish: kroić (“to cut”)

Silesian: krŏć

Slovak: krojiť (“to cut out”) (rare)

Slovincian: krôjic

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: krejić

Other:

desc

Romanian: croi (“to cut out, to tailor”)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *krájīˀtei, from iterative Proto-Indo-European *kroyh₁-eye-ti, from *kroyh₁-, metathesized from *kroh₁y- (analogical after the zero grade, where metathesis is expected), from the root *kreh₁y- (“to sift, to separate”), a root extension of *kreh₁- (alternatively reconstructed as *krey-). Cognate with Lithuanian kriẽti (“to expand, to develop, to spread; to catch fish”) (1sg. krejù), Latvian krijât (“to skin”), and more distantly with Latin cernō (“to sift, to separate, to distinguish”) < *kri-n-h₁- (perfect crēvī < *kreh₁-), Ancient Greek κρῑ́νω (krī́nō, “to separate, to decide”), Old Irish arachrin (“to perish”), críathar (“sieve”).


volati

volanьje (noun-from-verb)
volati (infinitive)
volatъ (supine)
volalъ (l-participle)
volanъ (participle passive past)
volajemъ (participle passive present)
volavъ (active participle past)
volaję (active participle present)
volaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
vola (aorist second-person singular)
vola (aorist singular third-person)
volajǫ (first-person present singular)
volaješi (present second-person singular)
volajetь (present singular third-person)
volaxově (aorist dual first-person)
volasta (aorist dual second-person)
volaste (aorist dual third-person)
volajevě (dual first-person present)
volajeta (dual present second-person)
volajete (dual present third-person)
volaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
volaste (aorist plural second-person)
volašę (aorist plural third-person)
volajemъ (first-person plural present)
volajete (plural present second-person)
volajǫtь (plural present third-person)
volaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
volaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
volaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
volaji (imperative second-person singular)
volaji (imperative singular third-person)
volaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
volaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
volaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
volajivě (dual first-person imperative)
volajita (dual imperative second-person)
volaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
volaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
volaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
volajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
volajite (imperative plural second-person)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: wòłac

Slovincian: wôlac

Old Czech: volati

Czech: volat

Old Polish: wołać

Polish: wołać

→ Old Ruthenian: волати (volati)

Belarusian: вала́ць (valácʹ)

Ukrainian: вола́ти (voláty)

Silesian: wołać

Slovak: volať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wołaś

Upper Sorbian: wołać

Probably cognate with Lithuanian valiúoti (“to shout, to sing”), Latvian valoda (“speech”).


regati

regàti (canonical imperfective)
Slavic (South)
reganьje (noun-from-verb)
regati (infinitive)
regatъ (supine)
regalъ (l-participle)
reganъ (participle passive past)
regajemъ (participle passive present)
regavъ (active participle past)
regaję (active participle present)
regaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
rega (aorist second-person singular)
rega (aorist singular third-person)
regajǫ (first-person present singular)
regaješi (present second-person singular)
regajetь (present singular third-person)
regaxově (aorist dual first-person)
regasta (aorist dual second-person)
regaste (aorist dual third-person)
regajevě (dual first-person present)
regajeta (dual present second-person)
regajete (dual present third-person)
regaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
regaste (aorist plural second-person)
regašę (aorist plural third-person)
regajemъ (first-person plural present)
regajete (plural present second-person)
regajǫtь (plural present third-person)
regaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
regaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
regaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
regaji (imperative second-person singular)
regaji (imperative singular third-person)
regaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
regaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
regaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
regajivě (dual first-person imperative)
regajita (dual imperative second-person)
regaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
regaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
regaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
regajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
regajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ре̏гати

Latin script: rȅgati

Slovene: rẹ̑gati (tonal orthography)

According to Snoj, possibly derived from Proto-Indo-European *wreg- (“to open mouth”) or of imitative origin. Compare further Latvian rēdzêt (“to bark, to sulk”).


mamiti

mamìti (canonical)
mamľenьje (noun-from-verb)
mamiti (infinitive)
mamitъ (supine)
mamilъ (l-participle)
mamľenъ (participle passive past)
mamimъ (participle passive present)
mamľь (active participle past)
mamę (active participle present)
mamixъ (aorist first-person singular)
mami (aorist second-person singular)
mami (aorist singular third-person)
mamľǫ (first-person present singular)
mamiši (present second-person singular)
mamitь (present singular third-person)
mamixově (aorist dual first-person)
mamista (aorist dual second-person)
mamiste (aorist dual third-person)
mamivě (dual first-person present)
mamita (dual present second-person)
mamite (dual present third-person)
mamixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mamiste (aorist plural second-person)
mamišę (aorist plural third-person)
mamimъ (first-person plural present)
mamite (plural present second-person)
mamętь (plural present third-person)
mamľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mamľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mamľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
mami (imperative second-person singular)
mami (imperative singular third-person)
mamľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mamľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mamľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mamivě (dual first-person imperative)
mamita (dual imperative second-person)
mamľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mamľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mamľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mamimъ (first-person imperative plural)
mamite (imperative plural second-person)

Church Slavonic: мамити (mamiti), манити (maniti)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: манити (maniti) (16th century)

Belarusian: мані́ць (manícʹ)

Russian: мани́ть (manítʹ)

Ukrainian: мани́ти (manýty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ма́мя (mámja), ма́ня (mánja) (dialectal)

Macedonian: мами (mami)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ма́мити, ма́нити (dialectal)

Latin: mámiti. mániti (dialectal)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: mamīti, mámiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mámiti

Czech: mámit

Polish: mamić, (dialectal) manić

Slovak: mamiť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: mamiś, maniś

* Per Derksen, *mamiti is from *mȃmъ (“deceit”) + *-iti, from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂-mo-, from the root *(s)meh₂- that also underlies Proto-Slavic *majati (“to wave, to beckon”), *mavati (“to wave, to beckon”), *māxàti (“to wave”). See *majati for further etymology. Derksen believes (following a theory of Van Wijk) that the synonymous verb *maniti developed from *mamiti by dissimilation, under the influence of *manǫti (“to beckon”), and that the Baltic cognates Lithuanian mõnyti (“to practice sorcery”), Latvian mãnît (“to deceive, to mislead”) are both borrowings from Slavic.
* Vasmer agrees that Lithuanian mõnyti is a Slavic borrowing but believes that Latvian mãnît is an inherited form. He notes but does not endorse Van Wijk's theory that *maniti is a dissimilated form. He agrees with Derksen that the underlying Proto-Indo-European root is the same as *majati, and adds as cognates Sanskrit माया (māyā́, “magic power, deceit, illusion”), Avestan 𐬨𐬁𐬌𐬌𐬁- (māiiā-), Old High German mein (“lying, deceitful”), Old Norse mein (“damage, unhappiness”), Ancient Greek μῖμος (mîmos, “deceit, focus, magician”). (Derksen instead links Old High German mein with Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to change”); see *měniti (“to change”).)
* Trubachev basically agrees with Vasmer, and derives *maniti from *manъ (“deceit, hallucination?”), from the same root *(s)meh₂-.


pluti

plùti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
plutьje (noun-from-verb)
pluti (infinitive)
plutъ (supine)
plulъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
plutъ (participle passive past)
plovomъ (participle passive present)
pluvъ (active participle past)
plovy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
pluxъ (aorist first-person singular)
plu (aorist second-person singular)
plu (aorist singular third-person)
plovǫ (first-person present singular)
ploveši (present second-person singular)
plovetь (present singular third-person)
pluxově (aorist dual first-person)
plusta (aorist dual second-person)
pluste (aorist dual third-person)
plovevě (dual first-person present)
ploveta (dual present second-person)
plovete (dual present third-person)
pluxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pluste (aorist plural second-person)
plušę (aorist plural third-person)
plovemъ (first-person plural present)
plovete (plural present second-person)
plovǫtь (plural present third-person)
plověaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
plověaše (imperfect second-person singular)
plověaše (imperfect singular third-person)
plovi (imperative second-person singular)
plovi (imperative singular third-person)
plověaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
plověašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
plověašete (dual imperfect third-person)
plověvě (dual first-person imperative)
plověta (dual imperative second-person)
plověaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
plověašete (imperfect plural second-person)
plověaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
plověmъ (first-person imperative plural)
plověte (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

desc

Old Cyrillic script: плоу (plu, 3sg aorist)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⰾⱆ (plu)

Bulgarian: плу́вам (plúvam)

Serbo-Croatian: (obsolete)

Cyrillic script: плу̏ти

Latin script: plȕti

Slovene: plúti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: plúti

Czech: plout

Polabian: plaut

Slovak: pluť

Non-Slavic:

Romanian: pluti

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *plauˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₃(w)-.


saditi

sadìti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
saďenьje (noun-from-verb)
saditi (infinitive)
saditъ (supine)
sadilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
saďenъ (participle passive past)
sadimъ (participle passive present)
saďь (active participle past)
sadę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
sadixъ (aorist first-person singular)
sadi (aorist second-person singular)
sadi (aorist singular third-person)
saďǫ (first-person present singular)
sadiši (present second-person singular)
saditь (present singular third-person)
sadixově (aorist dual first-person)
sadista (aorist dual second-person)
sadiste (aorist dual third-person)
sadivě (dual first-person present)
sadita (dual present second-person)
sadite (dual present third-person)
sadixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sadiste (aorist plural second-person)
sadišę (aorist plural third-person)
sadimъ (first-person plural present)
sadite (plural present second-person)
sadętь (plural present third-person)
saďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
saďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
saďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sadi (imperative second-person singular)
sadi (imperative singular third-person)
saďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
saďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
saďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sadivě (dual first-person imperative)
sadita (dual imperative second-person)
saďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
saďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
saďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sadimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sadite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: садити (saditi)

Belarusian: садзі́ць (sadzícʹ)

Russian: сади́ть (sadítʹ), 1sg. сажу́ (sažú), 3sg. са́дит (sádit)

Ukrainian: сади́ти (sadýty), 1sg. саджу́ (sadžú)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: садити (saditi), саждѫ (saždǫ)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: садя́ (sadjá)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: са́дити, 1sg. са̑дӣм

Latin: sáditi, 1sg. sȃdīm

Slovene: sadíti (tonal orthography), 1sg. sadím (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: saditi (archaic)

Polabian: sodĕt

Polish: sadzić, 1sg. sadzę

Slovak: sadiť

Slovincian: sadzëc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: sadzić

Lower Sorbian: sajźiś

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: sădi

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sōdī́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *sodéyeti, causative of *sed- (“to sit”). Baltic cognates include Lithuanian sodìnti (“to set, to plant”), Old Prussian saddinna (“sets”, 3sg.) (i.e. sadina). Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit सादयति (sādáyati, “to set”), Proto-Germanic *satjaną.


sijati

a (accent-paradigm)
sětьje (noun-from-verb)
sijati (infinitive)
sijatъ (supine)
sělъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
sěvъ (active participle past)
sěję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
sěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sě (aorist second-person singular)
sě (aorist singular third-person)
sějǫ (first-person present singular)
sěješi (present second-person singular)
sějetь (present singular third-person)
sěxově (aorist dual first-person)
sěsta (aorist dual second-person)
sěste (aorist dual third-person)
sějevě (dual first-person present)
sějeta (dual present second-person)
sějete (dual present third-person)
sěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sěste (aorist plural second-person)
sěšę (aorist plural third-person)
sějemъ (first-person plural present)
sějete (plural present second-person)
sějǫtь (plural present third-person)
sěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sěji (imperative second-person singular)
sěji (imperative singular third-person)
sěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sějivě (dual first-person imperative)
sějita (dual imperative second-person)
sěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sějite (imperative plural second-person)
a (accent-paradigm)
sijanьje (noun-from-verb)
sijati (infinitive)
sijatъ (supine)
sijalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
sijavъ (active participle past)
sijaję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
sijaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sija (aorist second-person singular)
sija (aorist singular third-person)
sijajǫ (first-person present singular)
sijaješi (present second-person singular)
sijajetь (present singular third-person)
sijaxově (aorist dual first-person)
sijasta (aorist dual second-person)
sijaste (aorist dual third-person)
sijajevě (dual first-person present)
sijajeta (dual present second-person)
sijajete (dual present third-person)
sijaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sijaste (aorist plural second-person)
sijašę (aorist plural third-person)
sijajemъ (first-person plural present)
sijajete (plural present second-person)
sijajǫtь (plural present third-person)
sijaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sijaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sijaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sijaji (imperative second-person singular)
sijaji (imperative singular third-person)
sijaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sijaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sijaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sijajivě (dual first-person imperative)
sijajita (dual imperative second-person)
sijaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sijaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sijaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sijajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sijajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сиꙗти (sijati)

Belarusian: ззяць (zzjacʹ)

Russian: сия́ть (sijátʹ)

Ukrainian: ся́яти (sjájaty), ся́ти (sjáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сиꙗти (sijati)

Glagolitic script: [Term?]

Bulgarian: сия́я (sijája), осе́я (oséja)

Macedonian: сјае (sjae)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сѝјати, сја̏ти

Latin script: sìjati, sjȁti

Slovene: sijáti

West Slavic:

Kashubian: sëjac (“illuminate”)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₁y- (“to shine”), related to Proto-Germanic *skīnaną (“to shine”), Proto-Germanic *skīmarōną (“to shimmer”). Both root thematic and secondary stative conjugation in *-jati are attested, with no difference in meaning.


trajati

tràjati (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
trajanьje (noun-from-verb)
trajati (infinitive)
trajatъ (supine)
trajalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
trajanъ (participle passive past)
trajemъ (participle passive present)
trajavъ (active participle past)
traję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
trajaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
traja (aorist second-person singular)
traja (aorist singular third-person)
trajǫ (first-person present singular)
traješi (present second-person singular)
trajetь (present singular third-person)
trajaxově (aorist dual first-person)
trajasta (aorist dual second-person)
trajaste (aorist dual third-person)
trajevě (dual first-person present)
trajeta (dual present second-person)
trajete (dual present third-person)
trajaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
trajaste (aorist plural second-person)
trajašę (aorist plural third-person)
trajemъ (first-person plural present)
trajete (plural present second-person)
trajǫtь (plural present third-person)
trajaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
trajaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
trajaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
traji (imperative second-person singular)
traji (imperative singular third-person)
trajaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
trajaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
trajaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
trajivě (dual first-person imperative)
trajita (dual imperative second-person)
trajaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
trajaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
trajaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
trajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
trajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: траꙗти (trajati)

Bulgarian: тра́я (trája)

Macedonian: трае (trae)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тра̏јати

Latin script: trȁjati

Slovene: trȃjati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: tráti (contracted)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: trać

Lower Sorbian: traś

Non-Slavic:

→ Megleno-Romanian: trăies

→ Romanian: trăi (“to live, to exist”)

desc

→ Ukrainian: трай (traj, “fate, success”)

→ Romani: träil, trail

Formally from Proto-Indo-European *tréh₂yeti + *-jati, ye-present from Proto-Indo-European *treh₂- (“to pass through”). Cognate with Sanskrit त्रायते (trāyáte, “to protect”), possibly Latin intrāre (“to enter”).


motriti

motrìti (canonical)
motřenьje (noun-from-verb)
motriti (infinitive)
motritъ (supine)
motrilъ (l-participle)
motřenъ (participle passive past)
motrimъ (participle passive present)
motřь (active participle past)
motrę (active participle present)
motrixъ (aorist first-person singular)
motri (aorist second-person singular)
motri (aorist singular third-person)
motřǫ (first-person present singular)
motriši (present second-person singular)
motritь (present singular third-person)
motrixově (aorist dual first-person)
motrista (aorist dual second-person)
motriste (aorist dual third-person)
motrivě (dual first-person present)
motrita (dual present second-person)
motrite (dual present third-person)
motrixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
motriste (aorist plural second-person)
motrišę (aorist plural third-person)
motrimъ (first-person plural present)
motrite (plural present second-person)
motrętь (plural present third-person)
motřaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
motřaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
motřaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
motri (imperative second-person singular)
motri (imperative singular third-person)
motřaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
motřaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
motřaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
motrivě (dual first-person imperative)
motrita (dual imperative second-person)
motřaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
motřaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
motřaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
motrimъ (first-person imperative plural)
motrite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *мотрити (*motriti)

desc

Russian: мотри́ть (motrítʹ), мотре́ть (motrétʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Church Slavonic: мотрити (motriti)

Bulgarian: мо́тря (mótrja); мо́три́м (mótrím) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мо̀трити

Latin script: mòtriti

Slovene: mótriti (tonal orthography)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *mat(r)ī́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *met- (“to discern”), related to Lithuanian matýti (“to look at, watch”), matrùs (“vigilant”).


nicati

nicanьje (noun-from-verb)
nicati (infinitive)
nicatъ (supine)
nicalъ (l-participle)
nicanъ (participle passive past)
nicajemъ (participle passive present)
nicavъ (active participle past)
nicaję (active participle present)
nicaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
nica (aorist second-person singular)
nica (aorist singular third-person)
nicajǫ (first-person present singular)
nicaješi (present second-person singular)
nicajetь (present singular third-person)
nicaxově (aorist dual first-person)
nicasta (aorist dual second-person)
nicaste (aorist dual third-person)
nicajevě (dual first-person present)
nicajeta (dual present second-person)
nicajete (dual present third-person)
nicaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
nicaste (aorist plural second-person)
nicašę (aorist plural third-person)
nicajemъ (first-person plural present)
nicajete (plural present second-person)
nicajǫtь (plural present third-person)
nicaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
nicaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
nicaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
nicaji (imperative second-person singular)
nicaji (imperative singular third-person)
nicaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
nicaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
nicaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
nicajivě (dual first-person imperative)
nicajita (dual imperative second-person)
nicaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
nicaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
nicaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
nicajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
nicajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: никати (nikati)

Russian: ни́кать (níkatʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Unspecified script:

Unspecified script:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ни̏цати

Latin script: nȉcati

Slovene: nikati

West Slavic:

Czech: níceti, niceti

Slovak: nicať


trošiti

trošenьje (noun-from-verb)
trošiti (infinitive)
trošitъ (supine)
trošilъ (l-participle)
trošenъ (participle passive past)
trošimъ (participle passive present)
trošь (active participle past)
trošę (active participle present)
trošixъ (aorist first-person singular)
troši (aorist second-person singular)
troši (aorist singular third-person)
trošǫ (first-person present singular)
trošiši (present second-person singular)
trošitь (present singular third-person)
trošixově (aorist dual first-person)
trošista (aorist dual second-person)
trošiste (aorist dual third-person)
trošivě (dual first-person present)
trošita (dual present second-person)
trošite (dual present third-person)
trošixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
trošiste (aorist plural second-person)
trošišę (aorist plural third-person)
trošimъ (first-person plural present)
trošite (plural present second-person)
trošętь (plural present third-person)
trošaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
trošaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
trošaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
troši (imperative second-person singular)
troši (imperative singular third-person)
trošaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
trošaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
trošaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
trošivě (dual first-person imperative)
trošita (dual imperative second-person)
trošaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
trošaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
trošaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
trošimъ (first-person imperative plural)
trošite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: троши́ть (trošítʹ)

South Slavic

Bulgarian: троша́ (trošá)

Macedonian: троши (troši)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тро̀шити

Latin script: tròšiti

Slovene: trošíti (tonal orthography)


gubiti

gubìti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
gubľenьje (noun-from-verb)
gubiti (infinitive)
gubitъ (supine)
gubilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
gubľenъ (participle passive past)
gubimъ (participle passive present)
gubľь (active participle past)
gubę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
gubixъ (aorist first-person singular)
gubi (aorist second-person singular)
gubi (aorist singular third-person)
gubľǫ (first-person present singular)
gubiši (present second-person singular)
gubitь (present singular third-person)
gubixově (aorist dual first-person)
gubista (aorist dual second-person)
gubiste (aorist dual third-person)
gubivě (dual first-person present)
gubita (dual present second-person)
gubite (dual present third-person)
gubixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gubiste (aorist plural second-person)
gubišę (aorist plural third-person)
gubimъ (first-person plural present)
gubite (plural present second-person)
gubętь (plural present third-person)
gubľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gubľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gubľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gubi (imperative second-person singular)
gubi (imperative singular third-person)
gubľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gubľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gubľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gubivě (dual first-person imperative)
gubita (dual imperative second-person)
gubľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gubľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gubľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gubimъ (first-person imperative plural)
gubite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гꙋбити (gubiti) (accent paradigm c)

Belarusian: губі́ць (hubícʹ)

Russian: губи́ть (gubítʹ)

Ukrainian: губи́ти (hubýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: гоубити (gubiti)

Glagolitic: ⰳⱆⰱⰻⱅⰻ (gubiti)

Bulgarian: гу́бя (gúbja)

Macedonian: губи (gubi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гу̀бити

Latin script: gùbiti

Slovene: gubīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: hubit

Polabian: ďaibĕt

Polish: gubić

Slovak: hubiť

Slovincian: gúbjic

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: hubić

Lower Sorbian: gubiś

Per Derksen, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰowbʰ-eye-, causative/iterative of the root *gʰewbʰ-. Compare *gỳbnǫti (“to perish”). Also cognate with *gъbnǫti (“to bend”). Other scholars reconstruct the PIE root differently; see discussion under Proto-Balto-Slavic *gúbtei.


buditi

budìti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
buďenьje (noun-from-verb)
buditi (infinitive)
buditъ (supine)
budilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
buďenъ (participle passive past)
budimъ (participle passive present)
buďь (active participle past)
budę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
budixъ (aorist first-person singular)
budi (aorist second-person singular)
budi (aorist singular third-person)
buďǫ (first-person present singular)
budiši (present second-person singular)
buditь (present singular third-person)
budixově (aorist dual first-person)
budista (aorist dual second-person)
budiste (aorist dual third-person)
budivě (dual first-person present)
budita (dual present second-person)
budite (dual present third-person)
budixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
budiste (aorist plural second-person)
budišę (aorist plural third-person)
budimъ (first-person plural present)
budite (plural present second-person)
budętь (plural present third-person)
buďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
buďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
buďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
budi (imperative second-person singular)
budi (imperative singular third-person)
buďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
buďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
buďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
budivě (dual first-person imperative)
budita (dual imperative second-person)
buďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
buďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
buďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
budimъ (first-person imperative plural)
budite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: будити (buditi)

Old Ruthenian: будити (buditi)

Belarusian: будзі́ць (budzícʹ)

Ukrainian: буди́ти (budýty)

Russian: буди́ть (budítʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: боудити (buditi)

Glagolitic script: ⰱⱆⰴⰻⱅⰻ (buditi)

Bulgarian: бу́дя (búdja)

Macedonian: буди (budi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бу́дити

Latin script: búditi

Slovene: budīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: buditi

Czech: budit

Kashubian: bùdzëc

Polish: budzić

Slovak: budiť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: budźić

Lower Sorbian: buźiś

Non-Slavic:

→⇒ Lithuanian: pabūdinti

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *báudīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰowdʰéyeti, causative of *bʰewdʰ- (“to be awake”). Cognate with Sanskrit बोधयति (bodháyati).


aviti

avìti (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
avľenьje (noun-from-verb)
aviti (infinitive)
avitъ (supine)
avilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
avľenъ (participle passive past)
avimъ (participle passive present)
avľь (active participle past)
avę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
avixъ (aorist first-person singular)
avi (aorist second-person singular)
avi (aorist singular third-person)
avľǫ (first-person present singular)
aviši (present second-person singular)
avitь (present singular third-person)
avixově (aorist dual first-person)
avista (aorist dual second-person)
aviste (aorist dual third-person)
avivě (dual first-person present)
avita (dual present second-person)
avite (dual present third-person)
avixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
aviste (aorist plural second-person)
avišę (aorist plural third-person)
avimъ (first-person plural present)
avite (plural present second-person)
avętь (plural present third-person)
avľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
avľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
avľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
avi (imperative second-person singular)
avi (imperative singular third-person)
avľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
avľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
avľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
avivě (dual first-person imperative)
avita (dual imperative second-person)
avľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
avľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
avľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
avimъ (first-person imperative plural)
avite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ꙗвити (javiti)

Old Ruthenian: ꙗви́ти (javíti)

Ukrainian: яви́ти (javýty)

Russian: яви́ть (javítʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: авити (aviti)

Bulgarian: явя́ (javjá)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ја́вити

Latin script: jáviti

Slovene: jáviti se

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jěviti

Czech: jevit

Polabian: vüöb-óvе

Polish: jawić się

Slovak: javiť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: zjewić

Lower Sorbian: zjawiś

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew- (“to perceive, see, be aware of”).
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian ovytis (“to appear”). Wider cognates include Proto-Germanic *awiz (“obvious”) and Sanskrit आविस् (āvís, “manifestly, evidently”).


dražiti

a (accent-paradigm)
dráženьje (noun-from-verb)
dražiti (infinitive)
dražitъ (supine)
drážilъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
dráženъ (participle passive past)
drážimъ (participle passive present)
drážь (active participle past)
drážę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
drážixъ (aorist first-person singular)
dráži (aorist second-person singular)
dráži (aorist singular third-person)
drážǫ (first-person present singular)
drážiši (present second-person singular)
drážitь (present singular third-person)
drážixově (aorist dual first-person)
drážista (aorist dual second-person)
drážiste (aorist dual third-person)
dráživě (dual first-person present)
drážita (dual present second-person)
drážite (dual present third-person)
drážixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
drážiste (aorist plural second-person)
drážišę (aorist plural third-person)
drážimъ (first-person plural present)
drážite (plural present second-person)
drážętь (plural present third-person)
drážaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
drážaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
drážaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dráži (imperative second-person singular)
dráži (imperative singular third-person)
drážaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
drážaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
drážaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dráživě (dual first-person imperative)
drážita (dual imperative second-person)
drážaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
drážaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
drážaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
drážimъ (first-person imperative plural)
drážite (imperative plural second-person)
c (accent-paradigm)
draženьje (noun-from-verb)
dražiti (infinitive)
dražitъ (supine)
dražilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
draženъ (participle passive past)
dražimъ (participle passive present)
dražь (active participle past)
dražę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
dražixъ (aorist first-person singular)
draži (aorist second-person singular)
draži (aorist singular third-person)
dražǫ (first-person present singular)
dražiši (present second-person singular)
dražitь (present singular third-person)
dražixově (aorist dual first-person)
dražista (aorist dual second-person)
dražiste (aorist dual third-person)
draživě (dual first-person present)
dražita (dual present second-person)
dražite (dual present third-person)
dražixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dražiste (aorist plural second-person)
dražišę (aorist plural third-person)
dražimъ (first-person plural present)
dražite (plural present second-person)
dražętь (plural present third-person)
dražaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dražaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dražaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
draži (imperative second-person singular)
draži (imperative singular third-person)
dražaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dražaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dražaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
draživě (dual first-person imperative)
dražita (dual imperative second-person)
dražaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dražaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dražaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dražimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dražite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: раздражи́ть (razdražítʹ)

Ukrainian: дратувати (dratuvaty) (possibly?)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: раздражити (razdražiti, “incite”)

Glagolitic: ⱃⰰⰸⰴⱃⰰⰶⰹⱅⰹ (razdražiti)

Bulgarian: дра́жем (drážem) (dialectic)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дра́жити

Latin script: drážiti

Slovene: drážiti

West Slavic:

Old Czech: drážiti

Czech: dráždit

Slovak: drážiť (dialectal)

Uncertain. Commonly explained as descending from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreh₂gʰ- (“to stir up”), from which also descend Sanskrit द्राघते (drāghate, “to torment”) and English dreccan (“to torture”) (from Proto-Germanic *drakjaną). Derksen, however, doubts this derivation because of the conflicting intonation within Russian.
An alternative reconstruction is from Proto-Slavic *dra- (“to skin, to tear”) + *-ž- + *-iti, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to tear”) (cf Proto-Slavic *draskati (“to scratch”) and Proto-Slavic *drāpàti (“to pluck”)).


točiti

točenьje (noun-from-verb)
točiti (infinitive)
točitъ (supine)
točilъ (l-participle)
točenъ (participle passive past)
točimъ (participle passive present)
točь (active participle past)
točę (active participle present)
točixъ (aorist first-person singular)
toči (aorist second-person singular)
toči (aorist singular third-person)
točǫ (first-person present singular)
točiši (present second-person singular)
točitь (present singular third-person)
točixově (aorist dual first-person)
točista (aorist dual second-person)
točiste (aorist dual third-person)
točivě (dual first-person present)
točita (dual present second-person)
točite (dual present third-person)
točixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
točiste (aorist plural second-person)
točišę (aorist plural third-person)
točimъ (first-person plural present)
točite (plural present second-person)
točętь (plural present third-person)
točaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
točaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
točaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
toči (imperative second-person singular)
toči (imperative singular third-person)
točaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
točaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
točaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
točivě (dual first-person imperative)
točita (dual imperative second-person)
točaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
točaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
točaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
točimъ (first-person imperative plural)
točite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: точити (točiti)

Belarusian: тачы́ць (tačýcʹ)

Russian: точи́ть (točítʹ)

Ukrainian: точи́ти (točýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: точити (točiti)

Glagolitic: ⱅⱁⱍⰻⱅⰻ (točiti)

Bulgarian: то́ча (tóča)

Macedonian: точи (toči)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: то̀чити

Latin script: tòčiti

Slovene: tóčiti

West Slavic:

Old Czech: točiti

Czech: točit

Kashubian: toczëc

Old Polish: toczyć

Polish: toczyć

Slovak: točiť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: točić

Lower Sorbian: tocyś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *takeitei, from Proto-Indo-European *tokʷ-éye-ti, causative of *tekʷ- (“to run, flow”).


truti

trùti (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
trutьje (noun-from-verb)
truti (infinitive)
trutъ (supine)
trulъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
trutъ (participle passive past)
trovomъ (participle passive present)
truvъ (active participle past)
trovy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
truxъ (aorist first-person singular)
tru (aorist second-person singular)
tru (aorist singular third-person)
trovǫ (first-person present singular)
troveši (present second-person singular)
trovetь (present singular third-person)
truxově (aorist dual first-person)
trusta (aorist dual second-person)
truste (aorist dual third-person)
trovevě (dual first-person present)
troveta (dual present second-person)
trovete (dual present third-person)
truxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
truste (aorist plural second-person)
trušę (aorist plural third-person)
trovemъ (first-person plural present)
trovete (plural present second-person)
trovǫtь (plural present third-person)
trověaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
trověaše (imperfect second-person singular)
trověaše (imperfect singular third-person)
trovi (imperative second-person singular)
trovi (imperative singular third-person)
trověaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
trověašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
trověašete (dual imperfect third-person)
trověvě (dual first-person imperative)
trověta (dual imperative second-person)
trověaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
trověašete (imperfect plural second-person)
trověaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
trověmъ (first-person imperative plural)
trověte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: трꙋти (truti)

Ukrainian: труї́ти (trujíty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: натроути (natruti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

West Slavic:

Polish: truć


kazniti

kazňenьje (noun-from-verb)
kazniti (infinitive)
kaznitъ (supine)
kaznilъ (l-participle)
kazňenъ (participle passive past)
kaznimъ (participle passive present)
kazňь (active participle past)
kaznę (active participle present)
kaznixъ (aorist first-person singular)
kazni (aorist second-person singular)
kazni (aorist singular third-person)
kazňǫ (first-person present singular)
kazniši (present second-person singular)
kaznitь (present singular third-person)
kaznixově (aorist dual first-person)
kaznista (aorist dual second-person)
kazniste (aorist dual third-person)
kaznivě (dual first-person present)
kaznita (dual present second-person)
kaznite (dual present third-person)
kaznixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kazniste (aorist plural second-person)
kaznišę (aorist plural third-person)
kaznimъ (first-person plural present)
kaznite (plural present second-person)
kaznętь (plural present third-person)
kazňaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kazňaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kazňaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kazni (imperative second-person singular)
kazni (imperative singular third-person)
kazňaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kazňaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kazňaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kaznivě (dual first-person imperative)
kaznita (dual imperative second-person)
kazňaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kazňaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kazňaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kaznimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kaznite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: казни́ть (kaznítʹ)

Ukrainian: казни́ти (kaznýty)

South Slavic

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: казнити (kazniti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ка̏знити

Latin script: kȁzniti

Slovene: kazníti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic

Czech: káznit

Old Polish: kaźnić


strašiti

strašenьje (noun-from-verb)
strašiti (infinitive)
strašitъ (supine)
strašilъ (l-participle)
strašenъ (participle passive past)
strašimъ (participle passive present)
strašь (active participle past)
strašę (active participle present)
strašixъ (aorist first-person singular)
straši (aorist second-person singular)
straši (aorist singular third-person)
strašǫ (first-person present singular)
strašiši (present second-person singular)
strašitь (present singular third-person)
strašixově (aorist dual first-person)
strašista (aorist dual second-person)
strašiste (aorist dual third-person)
strašivě (dual first-person present)
strašita (dual present second-person)
strašite (dual present third-person)
strašixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
strašiste (aorist plural second-person)
strašišę (aorist plural third-person)
strašimъ (first-person plural present)
strašite (plural present second-person)
strašętь (plural present third-person)
strašaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
strašaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
strašaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
straši (imperative second-person singular)
straši (imperative singular third-person)
strašaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
strašaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
strašaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
strašivě (dual first-person imperative)
strašita (dual imperative second-person)
strašaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
strašaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
strašaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
strašimъ (first-person imperative plural)
strašite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: страшыць (strašycʹ)

Russian: страши́ть (strašítʹ)

Ukrainian: страши́ти (strašýty)

South Slavic

desc

Old Church Slavonic: страшити (strašiti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: стра̏шити

Latin script: strȁšiti

Slovene: strášiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic

Old Czech: strašiti

Czech: strašit

Kashubian: straszëc

Polish: straszyć

⇒ Silesian: strŏszać

Slovak: strašiť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: trašić


dojiti

dojìti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
dojenьje (noun-from-verb)
dojiti (infinitive)
dojitъ (supine)
dojilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
dojenъ (participle passive past)
dojimъ (participle passive present)
dojь (active participle past)
doję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
dojixъ (aorist first-person singular)
doji (aorist second-person singular)
doji (aorist singular third-person)
dojǫ (first-person present singular)
dojiši (present second-person singular)
dojitь (present singular third-person)
dojixově (aorist dual first-person)
dojista (aorist dual second-person)
dojiste (aorist dual third-person)
dojivě (dual first-person present)
dojita (dual present second-person)
dojite (dual present third-person)
dojixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dojiste (aorist plural second-person)
dojišę (aorist plural third-person)
dojimъ (first-person plural present)
dojite (plural present second-person)
dojętь (plural present third-person)
dojaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dojaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dojaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
doji (imperative second-person singular)
doji (imperative singular third-person)
dojaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dojaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dojaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dojivě (dual first-person imperative)
dojita (dual imperative second-person)
dojaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dojaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dojaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dojimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dojite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: доити (doiti)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: дои́ти (doʲíti)
Belarusian: даі́ць (daícʹ)
Carpathian Rusyn: дои́ти (doýty)
Ukrainian: дої́ти (dojíty)

Russian: дои́ть (doítʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: доити (doiti)

Glagolitic script: ⰴⱁⰹⱅⰹ (doiti)

Bulgarian: доя́ (dojá)

Macedonian: до́и (dói)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: до̀јити

Latin script: dòjiti

Slovene: dojīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: dojit

Polabian: düjĕ (3sg.)

Polish: doić

Slovak: dojiť

Slovincian: dôjic

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: dejić, dojić

Lower Sorbian: dojś

By surface analysis, *dojь + *-iti, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁(y)-. Cognate with Latvian dêt (“to suck”), Sanskrit धयति (dháyati, “to suck”), Latin fellō (“to suck”), Gothic 𐌳𐌰𐌳𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (daddjan, “to breastfeed”).


bučati

bučàti (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
bučanьje (noun-from-verb)
bučati (infinitive)
bučatъ (supine)
bučalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
bučanъ (participle passive past)
bučimъ (participle passive present)
bučavъ (active participle past)
bučę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
bučaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
buča (aorist second-person singular)
buča (aorist singular third-person)
bučǫ (first-person present singular)
bučiši (present second-person singular)
bučitь (present singular third-person)
bučaxově (aorist dual first-person)
bučasta (aorist dual second-person)
bučaste (aorist dual third-person)
bučivě (dual first-person present)
bučita (dual present second-person)
bučite (dual present third-person)
bučaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bučaste (aorist plural second-person)
bučašę (aorist plural third-person)
bučimъ (first-person plural present)
bučite (plural present second-person)
bučętь (plural present third-person)
bučaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bučaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bučaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
buči (imperative second-person singular)
buči (imperative singular third-person)
bučaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bučaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bučaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bučivě (dual first-person imperative)
bučita (dual imperative second-person)
bučaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bučaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bučaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bučimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bučite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

Russian: буча́ть (bučátʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: буча́ (bučá)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бу́чати

Latin script: búčati

Slovene: bučáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: bučeti

Polabian: b'aucĕ

Polish: buczeć

Slovak: bučať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: bycaś

Upper Sorbian: bučeć

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: buças

Of onomatopoeic origin from Proto-Indo-European *bew- or possibly *bʰewH- (“to grow”) + *-čati. Cognate with Lithuanian baũkti (“to roar”), Sanskrit बुक्कति (bukkati, “to bark”).


kloniti

East Slavic:

Belarusian: клоні́ць (klonícʹ)

Russian: клони́ть (klonítʹ)

Ukrainian: клони́ти (klonýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: клонити (kloniti)

Bulgarian: клоня́ (klonjá)

Macedonian: клони (kloni)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кло̀нити

Latin script: klòniti

Slovene: klonīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: klonit

Polish: kłonić

Slovak: klоniť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: kłoniś

Upper Sorbian: kłonić

From *klonъ + *-iti, probably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kel- (“to crook, to bend”). Has been compared (by Berneker, Mladenov) with Proto-Slavic *sloniti (“to shelter, to screen”).

cog

(by extension) to tend, to verge, to arch


paziti

pàziti (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
paženьje (noun-from-verb)
paziti (infinitive)
pazitъ (supine)
pazilъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
paženъ (participle passive past)
pazimъ (participle passive present)
pažь (active participle past)
pazę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
pazixъ (aorist first-person singular)
pazi (aorist second-person singular)
pazi (aorist singular third-person)
pažǫ (first-person present singular)
paziši (present second-person singular)
pazitь (present singular third-person)
pazixově (aorist dual first-person)
pazista (aorist dual second-person)
paziste (aorist dual third-person)
pazivě (dual first-person present)
pazita (dual present second-person)
pazite (dual present third-person)
pazixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
paziste (aorist plural second-person)
pazišę (aorist plural third-person)
pazimъ (first-person plural present)
pazite (plural present second-person)
pazętь (plural present third-person)
pažaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pažaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pažaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pazi (imperative second-person singular)
pazi (imperative singular third-person)
pažaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pažaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pažaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pazivě (dual first-person imperative)
pazita (dual imperative second-person)
pažaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pažaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pažaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pazimъ (first-person imperative plural)
pazite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: па́зити (pázyty) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: пазити (paziti)

⇒ Romanian: păzi

desc

Bulgarian: па́зя (pázja, “to safeguard”)

Macedonian: пази (pazi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: па̏зити

Latin script: pȁziti

Slovene: páziti

From *(s)poǵ-eye-ti, a glottalic variant of Proto-Indo-European *speḱ- (“to spectate”). Akin to Icelandic spekja (“to calm”), Old Norse spakr (“wise, visionary”).


močiti

močìti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
močenьje (noun-from-verb)
močiti (infinitive)
močitъ (supine)
močilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
močenъ (participle passive past)
močimъ (participle passive present)
močь (active participle past)
močę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
močixъ (aorist first-person singular)
moči (aorist second-person singular)
moči (aorist singular third-person)
močǫ (first-person present singular)
močiši (present second-person singular)
močitь (present singular third-person)
močixově (aorist dual first-person)
močista (aorist dual second-person)
močiste (aorist dual third-person)
močivě (dual first-person present)
močita (dual present second-person)
močite (dual present third-person)
močixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
močiste (aorist plural second-person)
močišę (aorist plural third-person)
močimъ (first-person plural present)
močite (plural present second-person)
močętь (plural present third-person)
močaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
močaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
močaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
moči (imperative second-person singular)
moči (imperative singular third-person)
močaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
močaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
močaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
močivě (dual first-person imperative)
močita (dual imperative second-person)
močaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
močaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
močaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
močimъ (first-person imperative plural)
močite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мочити (močiti)

Belarusian: мачы́ць (mačýcʹ)

Russian: мочи́ть (močítʹ)

Ukrainian: мочи́ти (močýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мочити (močiti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: мо́ча (móča) (dialectal)

Macedonian: моча (moča)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мо̀чити

Latin script: mòčiti

Slovene: močīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: močiti

Czech: močit

Polabian: mücĕ (3sg.)

Old Polish: moczyć

Polish: moczyć

Slovak: močiť

Slovincian: môczic

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: močić

Lower Sorbian: mócyś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *mak-. Baltic cognates include Lithuanian makõnė (“mud”), dialectal Lithuanian mokė (“big quagmire”), mokas (“thick mud”). Outside of Balto-Slavic, perhaps cognate with Old Armenian մօր (mōr, “mud, marsh”), as well as Persian مزه (maze, “taste; snack”). Vasmer suggests a further cognate with Old Irish móin (“swamp, marsh”) and Trubachev additionally gives Albanian makë (“glue, liquid film”).


kotiti

kotìti (canonical imperfective)
kaťati (perfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
koťenьje (noun-from-verb)
kotiti (infinitive)
kotitъ (supine)
kotilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
koťenъ (participle passive past)
kotimъ (participle passive present)
koťь (active participle past)
kotę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
kotixъ (aorist first-person singular)
koti (aorist second-person singular)
koti (aorist singular third-person)
koťǫ (first-person present singular)
kotiši (present second-person singular)
kotitь (present singular third-person)
kotixově (aorist dual first-person)
kotista (aorist dual second-person)
kotiste (aorist dual third-person)
kotivě (dual first-person present)
kotita (dual present second-person)
kotite (dual present third-person)
kotixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kotiste (aorist plural second-person)
kotišę (aorist plural third-person)
kotimъ (first-person plural present)
kotite (plural present second-person)
kotętь (plural present third-person)
koťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
koťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
koťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
koti (imperative second-person singular)
koti (imperative singular third-person)
koťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
koťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
koťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kotivě (dual first-person imperative)
kotita (dual imperative second-person)
koťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
koťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
koťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kotimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kotite (imperative plural second-person)

Brill Publishers
Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben
Marko Snoj

East Slavic:

Belarusian: каціць (kacicʹ)

Russian: катить (katitʹ)

Ukrainian: коти́ти (kotýty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: кътая (kǎtaja) (dialectal)

⇒ Bulgarian: кате́ря (katérja)

Slovene: kotīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: kotit se

Polish: kocić

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kócić

Of unknown origin. Similar in meaning to Lithuanian skàsti (“to jump, to move around”), Latvian skatīt (“to check, to look at”), and Latin scateō (“to gush, to spring”) which suggests an origin from a possible Proto-Indo-European *(s)ket- (“to spring, to leap”) (traditionally reconstructed as *skeHt-). Matasović relates it with Irish caith (“to throw”), Old Irish caithid (“to consume”) derived from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂t-.


kotiti

kotìti (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
koťenьje (noun-from-verb)
kotiti (infinitive)
kotitъ (supine)
kotilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
koťenъ (participle passive past)
kotimъ (participle passive present)
koťь (active participle past)
kotę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
kotixъ (aorist first-person singular)
koti (aorist second-person singular)
koti (aorist singular third-person)
koťǫ (first-person present singular)
kotiši (present second-person singular)
kotitь (present singular third-person)
kotixově (aorist dual first-person)
kotista (aorist dual second-person)
kotiste (aorist dual third-person)
kotivě (dual first-person present)
kotita (dual present second-person)
kotite (dual present third-person)
kotixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kotiste (aorist plural second-person)
kotišę (aorist plural third-person)
kotimъ (first-person plural present)
kotite (plural present second-person)
kotętь (plural present third-person)
koťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
koťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
koťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
koti (imperative second-person singular)
koti (imperative singular third-person)
koťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
koťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
koťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kotivě (dual first-person imperative)
kotita (dual imperative second-person)
koťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
koťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
koťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kotimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kotite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: коти́ться (kotítʹsja)

Ukrainian: коти́тися (kotýtysja)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ко́тя (kótja)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ко̀тити

Latin script: kòtiti

Slovene: kotīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: kotiti

Polish: kocić

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kócić

* Folk etymology (acknowledged by Derksen) relates it to *kotъ (“cat”) + *-iti (a wanderwort of non-native origin), formed in the same way as Proto-Slavic *teliti (“to beget a calf”) < Proto-Slavic *telę (“calf”). However, no particular relationship to begetting of kittens is attested in all languages;
* Vasmer, Trubačev presume generic sense of begetting and consider etymological kinship with Latin catulus (“puppy”). Possibly related to Etymology 1, originally implying “to toss, to throw” → “to spawn”.

noncog

(reflexive) to have young, to bear an offspring (for animals)


šibati

šibanьje (noun-from-verb)
šibati (infinitive)
šibatъ (supine)
šibalъ (l-participle)
šibanъ (participle passive past)
šibajemъ (participle passive present)
šibavъ (active participle past)
šibaję (active participle present)
šibaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
šiba (aorist second-person singular)
šiba (aorist singular third-person)
šibajǫ (first-person present singular)
šibaješi (present second-person singular)
šibajetь (present singular third-person)
šibaxově (aorist dual first-person)
šibasta (aorist dual second-person)
šibaste (aorist dual third-person)
šibajevě (dual first-person present)
šibajeta (dual present second-person)
šibajete (dual present third-person)
šibaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
šibaste (aorist plural second-person)
šibašę (aorist plural third-person)
šibajemъ (first-person plural present)
šibajete (plural present second-person)
šibajǫtь (plural present third-person)
šibaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
šibaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
šibaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
šibaji (imperative second-person singular)
šibaji (imperative singular third-person)
šibaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
šibaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
šibaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
šibajivě (dual first-person imperative)
šibajita (dual imperative second-person)
šibaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
šibaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
šibaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
šibajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
šibajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: шибати (šibati, “to beat, to hit”)

Belarusian: шыба́ць (šybácʹ)

Russian: шиба́ть (šibátʹ, “to throw, to hit”), 1sg. шиба́ю (šibáju); -шиби́ть (-šibítʹ, “to hit, to hurt”)

Ukrainian: шиба́ти (šybáty, “to throw”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: 3pl. impf. шибаахѫ (šibaaxǫ, “whipped”)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: ши́бам (šíbam, “to whip, to flog”)

Macedonian: шиба (šiba, “to whip, to flog”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ши̏бати (“to whip, to flog”), 1sg. ши̏ба̄м

Latin: šȉbati (“to whip, to flog”), 1sg. šȉbām

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: šíbati (“to whip, to flog”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. šȋbam (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: šibat

Polish: szybać

Slovak: šibať (“to beat”)

Sorbian:

desc

⇒ Upper Sorbian: šibały (“playful, roguish”)

Lower Sorbian: šyba (“broom, whipping cane”)

Per Derksen, from Proto-Indo-European *ksweybʰ-. Cognate with Sanskrit क्षिपति (kṣipáti, “to swing, to throw”), Avestan 𐬑𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬌𐬡𐬭𐬀 (xšuuiβra), 𐬑𐬱𐬋𐬌𐬡𐬭𐬀 (xšōiβra, “fast, quick”), Old Norse sveipa (“to sweep, to swing”), Old English swāpan (“to sweep, to swing”), English sweep, swoop, Old High German sweifan (“to wind”).


motati

motàti (canonical imperfective)
motanьje (noun-from-verb)
motati (infinitive)
motatъ (supine)
motalъ (l-participle)
motanъ (participle passive past)
motajemъ (participle passive present)
motavъ (active participle past)
motaję (active participle present)
motaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
mota (aorist second-person singular)
mota (aorist singular third-person)
motajǫ (first-person present singular)
motaješi (present second-person singular)
motajetь (present singular third-person)
motaxově (aorist dual first-person)
motasta (aorist dual second-person)
motaste (aorist dual third-person)
motajevě (dual first-person present)
motajeta (dual present second-person)
motajete (dual present third-person)
motaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
motaste (aorist plural second-person)
motašę (aorist plural third-person)
motajemъ (first-person plural present)
motajete (plural present second-person)
motajǫtь (plural present third-person)
motaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
motaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
motaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
motaji (imperative second-person singular)
motaji (imperative singular third-person)
motaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
motaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
motaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
motajivě (dual first-person imperative)
motajita (dual imperative second-person)
motaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
motaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
motaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
motajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
motajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мотати (motati) (17th-18th centuries)

Belarusian: мата́ць (matácʹ)

Russian: мота́ть (motátʹ)

Ukrainian: мота́ти (motáty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: мота́я (motája)

Macedonian: мота (mota)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мо̀тати

Latin script: mòtati

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: mọ̄tati, motáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: motati

Czech: motat

Polabian: mötojě (3rd singular)

Old Polish: motać

Polish: motać

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: mòtac

Old Slovak:

Pannonian Rusyn: мотац (motac)

Slovak: motať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: motać

Lower Sorbian: motaś

See *mestì (“to throw, to sweep”) for etymology.


negodovati

negodovanьje (noun-from-verb)
negodovati (infinitive)
negodovatъ (supine)
negodovalъ (l-participle)
negodovanъ (participle passive past)
negodujemъ (participle passive present)
negodovavъ (active participle past)
negoduję (active participle present)
negodovaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
negodova (aorist second-person singular)
negodova (aorist singular third-person)
negodujǫ (first-person present singular)
negoduješi (present second-person singular)
negodujetь (present singular third-person)
negodovaxově (aorist dual first-person)
negodovasta (aorist dual second-person)
negodovaste (aorist dual third-person)
negodujevě (dual first-person present)
negodujeta (dual present second-person)
negodujete (dual present third-person)
negodovaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
negodovaste (aorist plural second-person)
negodovašę (aorist plural third-person)
negodujemъ (first-person plural present)
negodujete (plural present second-person)
negodujǫtь (plural present third-person)
negodovaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
negodovaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
negodovaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
negoduji (imperative second-person singular)
negoduji (imperative singular third-person)
negodovaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
negodovaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
negodovaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
negodujivě (dual first-person imperative)
negodujita (dual imperative second-person)
negodovaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
negodovaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
negodovaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
negodujimъ (first-person imperative plural)
negodujite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: негодовати (negodovati)

Russian: негодова́ть (negodovátʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: негодовати (negodovati)

Bulgarian: негоду̀вам (negodùvam)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: нѐгодовати

Latin script: nègodovati

Slovene: negodováti (tonal orthography)


nizati

nizanьje (noun-from-verb)
nizati (infinitive)
nizatъ (supine)
nizalъ (l-participle)
nizanъ (participle passive past)
nižemъ (participle passive present)
nizavъ (active participle past)
nižę (active participle present)
nizaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
niza (aorist second-person singular)
niza (aorist singular third-person)
nižǫ (first-person present singular)
nižeši (present second-person singular)
nižetь (present singular third-person)
nizaxově (aorist dual first-person)
nizasta (aorist dual second-person)
nizaste (aorist dual third-person)
niževě (dual first-person present)
nižeta (dual present second-person)
nižete (dual present third-person)
nizaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
nizaste (aorist plural second-person)
nizašę (aorist plural third-person)
nižemъ (first-person plural present)
nižete (plural present second-person)
nižǫtь (plural present third-person)
nizaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
nizaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
nizaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
niži (imperative second-person singular)
niži (imperative singular third-person)
nizaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
nizaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
nizaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
niživě (dual first-person imperative)
nižita (dual imperative second-person)
nizaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
nizaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
nizaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
nižimъ (first-person imperative plural)
nižite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

Belarusian: ніза́ць (nizácʹ)

Russian: низа́ть (nizátʹ)

Ukrainian: низа́ти (nyzáty)

South Slavic

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: низати (nizati)

Bulgarian: ни́жа (níža)

Macedonian: ниже (niže)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ни́зати

Latin script: nizati

Slovene: nízati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic

Polish: nizać

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: nizaś

Iterative of *nьzti + *-ati, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁neǵʰ- (“to pierce”).

der

(transitive) to string (to put (items) on a string)