xroti

xrotì (canonical)
xropenьje (noun-from-verb)
xroti (infinitive)
xrotъ (supine)
xroplъ (l-participle)
xropъ (active participle past)
xropy (active participle present)
xropъ (aorist first-person singular)
xropoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
xrope (aorist second-person singular)
xrope (aorist singular third-person)
xropǫ (first-person present singular)
xropeši (present second-person singular)
xropetь (present singular third-person)
xropově (aorist dual first-person)
xropoxově (aorist dual first-person)
xropeta (aorist dual second-person)
xroposta (aorist dual second-person)
xropete (aorist dual third-person)
xroposte (aorist dual third-person)
xropevě (dual first-person present)
xropeta (dual present second-person)
xropete (dual present third-person)
xropomъ (aorist first-person plural)
xropoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
xropete (aorist plural second-person)
xroposte (aorist plural second-person)
xropǫ (aorist plural third-person)
xropošę (aorist plural third-person)
xropemъ (first-person plural present)
xropete (plural present second-person)
xropǫtь (plural present third-person)
xropěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
xropěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
xropěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
xropi (imperative second-person singular)
xropi (imperative singular third-person)
xropěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
xropěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
xropěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
xropěvě (dual first-person imperative)
xropěta (dual imperative second-person)
xropěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
xropěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
xropěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
xropěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
xropěte (imperative plural second-person)

Marko Snoj
uk:Мельничук Олександр Савич

East Slavic:

Belarusian: храпці (xrapci)

Ukrainian: хропти́ (xroptý)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian: hropsti

Slovene: hrópsti


želti

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gélˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to inflict, to project; to hurt”). Cognate with Latvian dzel̂t (“to sting”), Lithuanian gélti (“to hurt”), Proto-Germanic *kwelaną (“to quell, to kill”), Proto-Iranian *gráHti (“to project, to strike”).
Modern descendants have preserved only the intensive stem *žiliti. Reflexes of the verbal noun *želtь are attested in Middle Russian жолоть (žolotʹ, “inflicted pain, trauma”).

cog

(perhaps) to hurt, to sting, to inflict trauma


vęzti

vęzenьje (noun-from-verb)
vęzti (infinitive)
vęztъ (supine)
vęzlъ (l-participle)
vęzenъ (participle passive past)
vęzomъ (participle passive present)
vęzъ (active participle past)
vęzy (active participle present)
vęzъ (aorist first-person singular)
vęzoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
vęze (aorist second-person singular)
vęze (aorist singular third-person)
vęzǫ (first-person present singular)
vęzeši (present second-person singular)
vęzetь (present singular third-person)
vęzově (aorist dual first-person)
vęzoxově (aorist dual first-person)
vęzeta (aorist dual second-person)
vęzosta (aorist dual second-person)
vęzete (aorist dual third-person)
vęzoste (aorist dual third-person)
vęzevě (dual first-person present)
vęzeta (dual present second-person)
vęzete (dual present third-person)
vęzomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vęzoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vęzete (aorist plural second-person)
vęzoste (aorist plural second-person)
vęzǫ (aorist plural third-person)
vęzošę (aorist plural third-person)
vęzemъ (first-person plural present)
vęzete (plural present second-person)
vęzǫtь (plural present third-person)
vęzěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vęzěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vęzěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vęzi (imperative second-person singular)
vęzi (imperative singular third-person)
vęzěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vęzěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vęzěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vęzěvě (dual first-person imperative)
vęzěta (dual imperative second-person)
vęzěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vęzěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vęzěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vęzěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
vęzěte (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ве́за (véza)

Macedonian: везе (veze)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ве̑сти

Latin script: vȇsti

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: vẹ́sti, vésti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: viezti

Kashubian: wizc, wiązc

Old Polish: wiąźć


živěti

živěnьje (noun-from-verb)
živěti (infinitive)
živětъ (supine)
živělъ (l-participle)
živěnъ (participle passive past)
živějemъ (participle passive present)
živěvъ (active participle past)
živěję (active participle present)
živěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
živě (aorist second-person singular)
živě (aorist singular third-person)
živějǫ (first-person present singular)
živěješi (present second-person singular)
živějetь (present singular third-person)
živěxově (aorist dual first-person)
živěsta (aorist dual second-person)
živěste (aorist dual third-person)
živějevě (dual first-person present)
živějeta (dual present second-person)
živějete (dual present third-person)
živěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
živěste (aorist plural second-person)
živěšę (aorist plural third-person)
živějemъ (first-person plural present)
živějete (plural present second-person)
živějǫtь (plural present third-person)
živěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
živěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
živěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
živěji (imperative second-person singular)
živěji (imperative singular third-person)
živěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
živěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
živěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
živějivě (dual first-person imperative)
živějita (dual imperative second-person)
živěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
živěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
živěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
živějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
živějite (imperative plural second-person)
živěnьje (noun-from-verb)
živěti (infinitive)
živětъ (supine)
živělъ (l-participle)
živěnъ (participle passive past)
živimъ (participle passive present)
živěvъ (active participle past)
živę (active participle present)
živěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
živě (aorist second-person singular)
živě (aorist singular third-person)
živľǫ (first-person present singular)
živiši (present second-person singular)
živitь (present singular third-person)
živěxově (aorist dual first-person)
živěsta (aorist dual second-person)
živěste (aorist dual third-person)
živivě (dual first-person present)
živita (dual present second-person)
živite (dual present third-person)
živěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
živěste (aorist plural second-person)
živěšę (aorist plural third-person)
živimъ (first-person plural present)
živite (plural present second-person)
živętь (plural present third-person)
živěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
živěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
živěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
živi (imperative second-person singular)
živi (imperative singular third-person)
živěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
živěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
živěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
živivě (dual first-person imperative)
živita (dual imperative second-person)
živěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
živěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
živěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
živimъ (first-person imperative plural)
živite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: живея (živeja)

Macedonian: живее (živee)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жи́вети, жи́вјети

Latin: žíveti, žívjeti

Slovene: živẹ́ti (tonal orthography)


tyti

tỳti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
tytьje (noun-from-verb)
tyti (infinitive)
tytъ (supine)
tylъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
tyvъ (active participle past)
tyję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
tyxъ (aorist first-person singular)
ty (aorist second-person singular)
ty (aorist singular third-person)
tyjǫ (first-person present singular)
tyješi (present second-person singular)
tyjetь (present singular third-person)
tyxově (aorist dual first-person)
tysta (aorist dual second-person)
tyste (aorist dual third-person)
tyjevě (dual first-person present)
tyjeta (dual present second-person)
tyjete (dual present third-person)
tyxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tyste (aorist plural second-person)
tyšę (aorist plural third-person)
tyjemъ (first-person plural present)
tyjete (plural present second-person)
tyjǫtь (plural present third-person)
tyjaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tyjaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tyjaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
tyji (imperative second-person singular)
tyji (imperative singular third-person)
tyjaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tyjaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tyjaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tyjivě (dual first-person imperative)
tyjita (dual imperative second-person)
tyjaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tyjaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tyjaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tyjimъ (first-person imperative plural)
tyjite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: тꙑти (tyti)

Belarusian: тыць (tycʹ)

Russian: тыть (tytʹ) Russian: тучнеть (tučnetʹ)

Ukrainian: ти́ти (týty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: тꙑти (tyti)

Glagolitic script: ⱅⱏⰹⱅⰻ (tyti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ти̏ти

Latin script: tȉti

West Slavic:

Old Czech: týti

Czech: týt (archaic)

Old Polish: tyć

Polish: tyć

Slovak: tyť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: tyć

Lower Sorbian: tyś

From Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell, to be strong”), cognate with Sanskrit तौति (tauti, “to get strong, to gain authority”).


sluti

slùti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
slutьje (noun-from-verb)
sluti (infinitive)
slutъ (supine)
slulъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
sluvъ (active participle past)
slovy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
sluxъ (aorist first-person singular)
slu (aorist second-person singular)
slu (aorist singular third-person)
slovǫ (first-person present singular)
sloveši (present second-person singular)
slovetь (present singular third-person)
sluxově (aorist dual first-person)
slusta (aorist dual second-person)
sluste (aorist dual third-person)
slovevě (dual first-person present)
sloveta (dual present second-person)
slovete (dual present third-person)
sluxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sluste (aorist plural second-person)
slušę (aorist plural third-person)
slovemъ (first-person plural present)
slovete (plural present second-person)
slovǫtь (plural present third-person)
slověaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
slověaše (imperfect second-person singular)
slověaše (imperfect singular third-person)
slovi (imperative second-person singular)
slovi (imperative singular third-person)
slověaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
slověašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
slověašete (dual imperfect third-person)
slověvě (dual first-person imperative)
slověta (dual imperative second-person)
slověaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
slověašete (imperfect plural second-person)
slověaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
slověmъ (first-person imperative plural)
slověte (imperative plural second-person)
c (accent-paradigm)
slytьje (noun-from-verb)
slyti (infinitive)
slytъ (supine)
slylъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
slyvъ (active participle past)
slyvy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
slyxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sly (aorist second-person singular)
sly (aorist singular third-person)
slyvǫ (first-person present singular)
slyveši (present second-person singular)
slyvetь (present singular third-person)
slyxově (aorist dual first-person)
slysta (aorist dual second-person)
slyste (aorist dual third-person)
slyvevě (dual first-person present)
slyveta (dual present second-person)
slyvete (dual present third-person)
slyxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
slyste (aorist plural second-person)
slyšę (aorist plural third-person)
slyvemъ (first-person plural present)
slyvete (plural present second-person)
slyvǫtь (plural present third-person)
slyvěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
slyvěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
slyvěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
slyvi (imperative second-person singular)
slyvi (imperative singular third-person)
slyvěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
slyvěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
slyvěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
slyvěvě (dual first-person imperative)
slyvěta (dual imperative second-person)
slyvěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
slyvěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
slyvěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
slyvěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
slyvěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: слути (sluti)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: слоути (sluti)

Bulgarian: словя́ (slovjá) (obsolete)

Serbo-Croatian:

desc

Cyrillic script: слу̏ти (obsolete), словити

Latin script: slȕti (obsolete), sloviti

Slovene: slúti (tonal orthography) (obsolete), sloveti

West Slavic:

Old Czech: slúti

Czech: slout (archaic)

Old Polish: słuć

Slovak: sluť

East Slavic:

Belarusian: слыць (slycʹ)

Russian: слыть (slytʹ)

Ukrainian: сли́ти (slýty)

West Slavic:

Old Polish: słynąć

Polish: słynąć

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *ḱléwt, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to listen to”). In Slavic, the root vowel was retracted to *-o- before heterosyllabic *-w- (as in *novъ < Pre-Slavic *néwos).

sъslovьje

calque of Ancient Greek σύλλογος (súllogos; )


vyti

vỳti (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
vytьje (noun-from-verb)
vyti (infinitive)
vytъ (supine)
vylъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
vyvъ (active participle past)
vyję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
vyxъ (aorist first-person singular)
vy (aorist second-person singular)
vy (aorist singular third-person)
vyjǫ (first-person present singular)
vyješi (present second-person singular)
vyjetь (present singular third-person)
vyxově (aorist dual first-person)
vysta (aorist dual second-person)
vyste (aorist dual third-person)
vyjevě (dual first-person present)
vyjeta (dual present second-person)
vyjete (dual present third-person)
vyxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vyste (aorist plural second-person)
vyšę (aorist plural third-person)
vyjemъ (first-person plural present)
vyjete (plural present second-person)
vyjǫtь (plural present third-person)
vyjaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vyjaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vyjaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vyji (imperative second-person singular)
vyji (imperative singular third-person)
vyjaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vyjaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vyjaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vyjivě (dual first-person imperative)
vyjita (dual imperative second-person)
vyjaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vyjaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vyjaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vyjimъ (first-person imperative plural)
vyjite (imperative plural second-person)
c (accent-paradigm)
vytьje (noun-from-verb)
vyti (infinitive)
vytъ (supine)
vylъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
vyvъ (active participle past)
vъję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
vyxъ (aorist first-person singular)
vy (aorist second-person singular)
vy (aorist singular third-person)
vъjǫ (first-person present singular)
vъješi (present second-person singular)
vъjetь (present singular third-person)
vyxově (aorist dual first-person)
vysta (aorist dual second-person)
vyste (aorist dual third-person)
vъjevě (dual first-person present)
vъjeta (dual present second-person)
vъjete (dual present third-person)
vyxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vyste (aorist plural second-person)
vyšę (aorist plural third-person)
vъjemъ (first-person plural present)
vъjete (plural present second-person)
vъjǫtь (plural present third-person)
vъjaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vъjaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vъjaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vъji (imperative second-person singular)
vъji (imperative singular third-person)
vъjaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vъjaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vъjaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vъjivě (dual first-person imperative)
vъjita (dual imperative second-person)
vъjaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vъjaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vъjaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vъjimъ (first-person imperative plural)
vъjite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вꙑти (vyti)

Old Ruthenian: вы́ти (výti)

Ukrainian: ви́ти (výty)

Russian: выть (vytʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: вꙑти (vyti)

Bulgarian: ви́я (víja)

Macedonian: вие (vie)

Slovene: vīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: výti

Czech: výt

Polish: wyć

→ Yiddish: וואָיען (voyen)

Onomatopoeic in nature, from an earlier *ỳti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew(H)-. Cognate with Lithuanian uloti, Ancient Greek αὔω (aúō), Latin ululō.


vykati

vykáti (canonical imperfective)
vyknǫti (perfective)
Slavic (South)
vykanьje (noun-from-verb)
vykati (infinitive)
vykatъ (supine)
vykalъ (l-participle)
vykanъ (participle passive past)
vykajemъ (participle passive present)
vykavъ (active participle past)
vykaję (active participle present)
vykaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
vyka (aorist second-person singular)
vyka (aorist singular third-person)
vykajǫ (first-person present singular)
vykaješi (present second-person singular)
vykajetь (present singular third-person)
vykaxově (aorist dual first-person)
vykasta (aorist dual second-person)
vykaste (aorist dual third-person)
vykajevě (dual first-person present)
vykajeta (dual present second-person)
vykajete (dual present third-person)
vykaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vykaste (aorist plural second-person)
vykašę (aorist plural third-person)
vykajemъ (first-person plural present)
vykajete (plural present second-person)
vykajǫtь (plural present third-person)
vykaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vykaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vykaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vykaji (imperative second-person singular)
vykaji (imperative singular third-person)
vykaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vykaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vykaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vykajivě (dual first-person imperative)
vykajita (dual imperative second-person)
vykaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vykaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vykaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vykajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
vykajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: вꙑкати (vykati)

Bulgarian: ви́кам (víkam)

Macedonian: вика (vika)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ви́кати

Latin script: víkati

Slovene: vīkati (tonal orthography)

From *vyti (“to howl”) + *-kati. Cognate with Latvian ūkšuot (“to shout”), Lithuanian ūkáuti, ū́kčioti (“to call, to evoke”), Proto-Germanic *auhjōną (“to make noise”).
Similar to Russian ау́кать (aúkatʹ, “to shout "auh!"”), formed in the same manner from the interjection ау (au, “wow, wail”).


vyknǫti

učiti (imperfective)
vyčenьje (noun-from-verb)
vyknǫti (infinitive)
vyknǫtъ (supine)
vyklъ (l-participle)
vykъ (active participle past)
vykny (active participle present)
vykъ (aorist first-person singular)
vykoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
vyče (aorist second-person singular)
vyče (aorist singular third-person)
vyknǫ (first-person present singular)
vykneši (present second-person singular)
vyknetь (present singular third-person)
vykově (aorist dual first-person)
vykoxově (aorist dual first-person)
vyketa (aorist dual second-person)
vykosta (aorist dual second-person)
vykete (aorist dual third-person)
vykoste (aorist dual third-person)
vyknevě (dual first-person present)
vykneta (dual present second-person)
vyknete (dual present third-person)
vykomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vykoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vykete (aorist plural second-person)
vykoste (aorist plural second-person)
vykǫ (aorist plural third-person)
vykošę (aorist plural third-person)
vyknemъ (first-person plural present)
vyknete (plural present second-person)
vyknǫtь (plural present third-person)
vykněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vykněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vykněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vykni (imperative second-person singular)
vykni (imperative singular third-person)
vykněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vykněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vykněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vykněvě (dual first-person imperative)
vykněta (dual imperative second-person)
vykněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vykněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vykněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vykněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
vykněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: -вы́кнуть (-výknutʹ)

⇒ Ukrainian: приви́кнути (pryvýknuty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: вꙑкнѫти (vyknǫti)

Bulgarian: -викна (-vikna)

desc

Bulgarian: навикна (navikna), привикна (privikna), свикна (svikna), отвикна (otvikna)

⇒ Macedonian: свикне (svikne)

Serbo-Croatian:

⇒ Cyrillic script: на̀викнути, прѝвикнути

⇒ Latin script: nàviknuti, prìviknuti

West Slavic:

⇒ Czech: navykat

Polabian: voiknĕt

desctree

Old Polish: wyknąć
Polish: wyknąć (obsolete)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wuknuś

Upper Sorbian: wuknyć

From an earlier *ūknǫtī, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *auk-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ewk-néw-ti, from *h₁ewk-. Cognate with Lithuanian jaukìnti.


vyknǫti

vykati (imperfective)
vyčenьje (noun-from-verb)
vyknǫti (infinitive)
vyknǫtъ (supine)
vyklъ (l-participle)
vykъ (active participle past)
vykny (active participle present)
vykъ (aorist first-person singular)
vykoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
vyče (aorist second-person singular)
vyče (aorist singular third-person)
vyknǫ (first-person present singular)
vykneši (present second-person singular)
vyknetь (present singular third-person)
vykově (aorist dual first-person)
vykoxově (aorist dual first-person)
vyketa (aorist dual second-person)
vykosta (aorist dual second-person)
vykete (aorist dual third-person)
vykoste (aorist dual third-person)
vyknevě (dual first-person present)
vykneta (dual present second-person)
vyknete (dual present third-person)
vykomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vykoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vykete (aorist plural second-person)
vykoste (aorist plural second-person)
vykǫ (aorist plural third-person)
vykošę (aorist plural third-person)
vyknemъ (first-person plural present)
vyknete (plural present second-person)
vyknǫtь (plural present third-person)
vykněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vykněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vykněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vykni (imperative second-person singular)
vykni (imperative singular third-person)
vykněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vykněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vykněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vykněvě (dual first-person imperative)
vykněta (dual imperative second-person)
vykněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vykněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vykněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vykněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
vykněte (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: викна (vikna), dial. викнувам (viknuvam)

Macedonian: викне (vikne)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ви́кнути

Latin script: víknuti

Perfective counter-part to *vykati (“to shout”) + *-nǫti


věti

vě̀ti (canonical)
a (accent-paradigm)
větьje (noun-from-verb)
věti (infinitive)
větъ (supine)
vělъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
větъ (participle passive past)
vějemъ (participle passive present)
věvъ (active participle past)
věję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
věxъ (aorist first-person singular)
vě (aorist second-person singular)
vě (aorist singular third-person)
vějǫ (first-person present singular)
věješi (present second-person singular)
vějetь (present singular third-person)
věxově (aorist dual first-person)
věsta (aorist dual second-person)
věste (aorist dual third-person)
vějevě (dual first-person present)
vějeta (dual present second-person)
vějete (dual present third-person)
věxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
věste (aorist plural second-person)
věšę (aorist plural third-person)
vějemъ (first-person plural present)
vějete (plural present second-person)
vějǫtь (plural present third-person)
věaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
věaše (imperfect second-person singular)
věaše (imperfect singular third-person)
věji (imperative second-person singular)
věji (imperative singular third-person)
věaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
věašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
věašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vějivě (dual first-person imperative)
vějita (dual imperative second-person)
věaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
věašete (imperfect plural second-person)
věaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
vějite (imperative plural second-person)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wḗˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁- (“to wind, to blow”).


dьrtěti

c (accent-paradigm)
dьrtěnьje (noun-from-verb)
dьrtěti (infinitive)
dьrtětъ (supine)
dьrtělъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
dьrtěvъ (active participle past)
dьrtěję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
dьrtěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dьrtě (aorist second-person singular)
dьrtě (aorist singular third-person)
dьrtějǫ (first-person present singular)
dьrtěješi (present second-person singular)
dьrtějetь (present singular third-person)
dьrtěxově (aorist dual first-person)
dьrtěsta (aorist dual second-person)
dьrtěste (aorist dual third-person)
dьrtějevě (dual first-person present)
dьrtějeta (dual present second-person)
dьrtějete (dual present third-person)
dьrtěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dьrtěste (aorist plural second-person)
dьrtěšę (aorist plural third-person)
dьrtějemъ (first-person plural present)
dьrtějete (plural present second-person)
dьrtějǫtь (plural present third-person)
dьrtěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dьrtěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dьrtěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dьrtěji (imperative second-person singular)
dьrtěji (imperative singular third-person)
dьrtěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dьrtěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dьrtěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dьrtějivě (dual first-person imperative)
dьrtějita (dual imperative second-person)
dьrtěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dьrtěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dьrtěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dьrtějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dьrtějite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: дърте́я (dǎrtéja)

Macedonian: дртее (drtee)

Fientive derivative of *dьrtъ (“old, ragged”) + *-ěti, ultimately descending from Proto-Indo-European *derH- (“to tear”). Akin to Proto-Germanic *trudaną (“to tread”), Ancient Greek δέρνομαι (dérnomai).

to degrade (for materials), to age (for living beings)


perčiti

perčìti (canonical imperfective)
perknǫti (perfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
perčenьje (noun-from-verb)
perčiti (infinitive)
perčitъ (supine)
perčilъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
perčenъ (participle passive past)
perčimъ (participle passive present)
perčь (active participle past)
perčę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
perčixъ (aorist first-person singular)
perči (aorist second-person singular)
perči (aorist singular third-person)
perčǫ (first-person present singular)
perčiši (present second-person singular)
perčitь (present singular third-person)
perčixově (aorist dual first-person)
perčista (aorist dual second-person)
perčiste (aorist dual third-person)
perčivě (dual first-person present)
perčita (dual present second-person)
perčite (dual present third-person)
perčixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
perčiste (aorist plural second-person)
perčišę (aorist plural third-person)
perčimъ (first-person plural present)
perčite (plural present second-person)
perčętь (plural present third-person)
perčaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
perčaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
perčaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
perči (imperative second-person singular)
perči (imperative singular third-person)
perčaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
perčaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
perčaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
perčivě (dual first-person imperative)
perčita (dual imperative second-person)
perčaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
perčaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
perčaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
perčimъ (first-person imperative plural)
perčite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old Ruthenian: пере́чити (peréčiti)

Ukrainian: пере́чити (peréčyty)

Russian: пере́чить (peréčitʹ)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: въпрѣчaти (vŭprěčati, “to get involved”)

Bulgarian: прѐча (prèča)

Macedonian: пречи (preči)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: приjе́чити

Latin script: prijéčiti

Slovene: prẹ́čiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Polish: przeczyć (“to contradict”)

Causative derivative of *perkъ (“transverse, direct”) + *-iti, commonly viewed as a k-extension of Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to propel, forwards”).

jьzpertiti

to stumble across, to take an opposing stance


kǫpati

kǫpàti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
kǫpanьje (noun-from-verb)
kǫpati (infinitive)
kǫpatъ (supine)
kǫpalъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
kǫpanъ (participle passive past)
kǫpľemъ (participle passive present)
kǫpavъ (active participle past)
kǫpľę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
kǫpaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kǫpa (aorist second-person singular)
kǫpa (aorist singular third-person)
kǫpľǫ (first-person present singular)
kǫpľeši (present second-person singular)
kǫpľetь (present singular third-person)
kǫpaxově (aorist dual first-person)
kǫpasta (aorist dual second-person)
kǫpaste (aorist dual third-person)
kǫpľevě (dual first-person present)
kǫpľeta (dual present second-person)
kǫpľete (dual present third-person)
kǫpaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kǫpaste (aorist plural second-person)
kǫpašę (aorist plural third-person)
kǫpľemъ (first-person plural present)
kǫpľete (plural present second-person)
kǫpľǫtь (plural present third-person)
kǫpaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kǫpaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kǫpaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kǫpľi (imperative second-person singular)
kǫpľi (imperative singular third-person)
kǫpaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kǫpaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kǫpaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kǫpľivě (dual first-person imperative)
kǫpľita (dual imperative second-person)
kǫpaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kǫpaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kǫpaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kǫpľimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kǫpľite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кѫпати (kǫpati)

Belarusian: купа́ць (kupácʹ) (dialectal)

Russian: купа́ть (kupátʹ)

Ukrainian: купа́ти (kupáty)

South Slavic:

desc

⇒ Old Church Slavonic: покѫпати pf (pokǫpati)

кѫпати (kǫpati)

Church Slavonic: кѫпати (kǫpati)

Bulgarian: къ́пя (kǎ́pja), къ́мпя (kǎ́mpja)

Macedonian: капе (kape)

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: kúpati

Cyrillic script: ку́пати

Slovene: kọ́pati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kúpati

Czech: koupat

Kashubian: kãpac

Polabian: kǫ̇păt

Old Polish: kąpać, kępać

Polish: kąpać, (dated) kępać

Slovak: kúpať

Slovincian: kãpac

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: kupaś

Upper Sorbian: kupać, kumpać

Unknown. Several explanations are proposed:
* From *kǫpa (“bend, fold”) + *-ati, from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂em- (“to bend”). This etymology assumes the development: “knee bend” > “to bathe or dip in water squatting”
* Related with *čępěti (“to sit in a squat”) with development as above
* Somehow related with Proto-Germanic *habą (“sea”)


pyxati

pyxnǫti (perfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
pyxanьje (noun-from-verb)
pyxati (infinitive)
pyxatъ (supine)
pyxalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
pyxanъ (participle passive past)
pyšemъ (participle passive present)
pyxavъ (active participle past)
pyšę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
pyxaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
pyxa (aorist second-person singular)
pyxa (aorist singular third-person)
pyšǫ (first-person present singular)
pyšeši (present second-person singular)
pyšetь (present singular third-person)
pyxaxově (aorist dual first-person)
pyxasta (aorist dual second-person)
pyxaste (aorist dual third-person)
pyševě (dual first-person present)
pyšeta (dual present second-person)
pyšete (dual present third-person)
pyxaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pyxaste (aorist plural second-person)
pyxašę (aorist plural third-person)
pyšemъ (first-person plural present)
pyšete (plural present second-person)
pyšǫtь (plural present third-person)
pyxaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pyxaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pyxaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pyši (imperative second-person singular)
pyši (imperative singular third-person)
pyxaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pyxaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pyxaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pyšivě (dual first-person imperative)
pyšita (dual imperative second-person)
pyxaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pyxaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pyxaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pyšimъ (first-person imperative plural)
pyšite (imperative plural second-person)
a (accent-paradigm)
pyxanьje (noun-from-verb)
pyxati (infinitive)
pyxatъ (supine)
pyxalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
pyxanъ (participle passive past)
pyxavъ (active participle past)
a (accent-paradigm)
pyxaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
pyxa (aorist second-person singular)
pyxa (aorist singular third-person)
pyxajǫ (first-person present singular)
pyxaješi (present second-person singular)
pyxajetь (present singular third-person)
pyxaxově (aorist dual first-person)
pyxasta (aorist dual second-person)
pyxaste (aorist dual third-person)
pyxajevě (dual first-person present)
pyxajeta (dual present second-person)
pyxajete (dual present third-person)
pyxaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pyxaste (aorist plural second-person)
pyxašę (aorist plural third-person)
pyxajemъ (first-person plural present)
pyxajete (plural present second-person)
pyxajǫtь (plural present third-person)
pyxaji (imperative second-person singular)
pyxaji (imperative singular third-person)
pyxajivě (dual first-person imperative)
pyxajita (dual imperative second-person)
pyxajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
pyxajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: пы́хаць (pýxacʹ)

Russian: пы́хать (pýxatʹ), dial. пыха́ть (pyxátʹ)

Ukrainian: пи́хати (pýxaty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: пи́хам (píham)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пихати

Latin script: pihati

Slovene: píhati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: pýchati

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pychaś

Iterative counter-part of *puxati (“to blow”), from Proto-Indo-European *pews- (“to puff”). The -x- is due to RUKI law. Cognate with Sanskrit पुष्यति (púṣyati, “to thrive”) and akin to Ancient Greek φῡσᾰ́ω (phūsáō, “to blow, to swell”), Lithuanian puškuoti (“to puff”), Latvian pūst (“to blow, to whiff”).

sъpyxati

to lose breath (for animals),  air (for objects, e.g. ball or baloon)


zybati

a (accent-paradigm)
zybanьje (noun-from-verb)
zybati (infinitive)
zybatъ (supine)
zybalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
zybanъ (participle passive past)
zybľemъ (participle passive present)
zybavъ (active participle past)
zybľę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
zybaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
zyba (aorist second-person singular)
zyba (aorist singular third-person)
zybľǫ (first-person present singular)
zybľeši (present second-person singular)
zybľetь (present singular third-person)
zybaxově (aorist dual first-person)
zybasta (aorist dual second-person)
zybaste (aorist dual third-person)
zybľevě (dual first-person present)
zybľeta (dual present second-person)
zybľete (dual present third-person)
zybaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
zybaste (aorist plural second-person)
zybašę (aorist plural third-person)
zybľemъ (first-person plural present)
zybľete (plural present second-person)
zybľǫtь (plural present third-person)
zybaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
zybaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
zybaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
zybľi (imperative second-person singular)
zybľi (imperative singular third-person)
zybaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
zybaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
zybaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
zybľivě (dual first-person imperative)
zybľita (dual imperative second-person)
zybaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
zybaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
zybaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
zybľimъ (first-person imperative plural)
zybľite (imperative plural second-person)
a (accent-paradigm)
zybanьje (noun-from-verb)
zybati (infinitive)
zybatъ (supine)
zybalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
zybanъ (participle passive past)
zybajemъ (participle passive present)
zybavъ (active participle past)
zybaję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
zybaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
zyba (aorist second-person singular)
zyba (aorist singular third-person)
zybajǫ (first-person present singular)
zybaješi (present second-person singular)
zybajetь (present singular third-person)
zybaxově (aorist dual first-person)
zybasta (aorist dual second-person)
zybaste (aorist dual third-person)
zybajevě (dual first-person present)
zybajeta (dual present second-person)
zybajete (dual present third-person)
zybaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
zybaste (aorist plural second-person)
zybašę (aorist plural third-person)
zybajemъ (first-person plural present)
zybajete (plural present second-person)
zybajǫtь (plural present third-person)
zybaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
zybaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
zybaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
zybaji (imperative second-person singular)
zybaji (imperative singular third-person)
zybaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
zybaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
zybaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
zybajivě (dual first-person imperative)
zybajita (dual imperative second-person)
zybaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
zybaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
zybaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
zybajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
zybajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old Ruthenian: зыба́ти (zybáti)

Belarusian: зыба́ць (zybácʹ)

Ukrainian: зиба́ти (zybáty)

Russian: зы́бать (zýbatʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: зꙑбати (zybati)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: зи́бати

Latin script: zíbati

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: zíbati, zibáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: zýbat

Formed as *zybь (“oscillation”) + *-ati, but beyond that - of uncertain origin. Compare *xybàti of similar meaning.


tъkati

tъkàti (canonical imperfective)
tъknǫti (perfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
tъkanьje (noun-from-verb)
tъkati (infinitive)
tъkatъ (supine)
tъkalъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
tъkanъ (participle passive past)
tъkomъ (participle passive present)
tъkavъ (active participle past)
tъky (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
tъkaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
tъka (aorist second-person singular)
tъka (aorist singular third-person)
tъkǫ (first-person present singular)
tъčeši (present second-person singular)
tъčetь (present singular third-person)
tъkaxově (aorist dual first-person)
tъkasta (aorist dual second-person)
tъkaste (aorist dual third-person)
tъčevě (dual first-person present)
tъčeta (dual present second-person)
tъčete (dual present third-person)
tъkaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tъkaste (aorist plural second-person)
tъkašę (aorist plural third-person)
tъčemъ (first-person plural present)
tъčete (plural present second-person)
tъkǫtь (plural present third-person)
tъkaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tъkaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tъkaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
tъci (imperative second-person singular)
tъci (imperative singular third-person)
tъkaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tъkaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tъkaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tъcěvě (dual first-person imperative)
tъcěta (dual imperative second-person)
tъkaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tъkaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tъkaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tъcěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
tъcěte (imperative plural second-person)
c (accent-paradigm)
tъkanьje (noun-from-verb)
tъkati (infinitive)
tъkatъ (supine)
tъkalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
tъkanъ (participle passive past)
tъkajemъ (participle passive present)
tъkavъ (active participle past)
tъkaję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
tъkaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
tъka (aorist second-person singular)
tъka (aorist singular third-person)
tъkajǫ (first-person present singular)
tъkaješi (present second-person singular)
tъkajetь (present singular third-person)
tъkaxově (aorist dual first-person)
tъkasta (aorist dual second-person)
tъkaste (aorist dual third-person)
tъkajevě (dual first-person present)
tъkajeta (dual present second-person)
tъkajete (dual present third-person)
tъkaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tъkaste (aorist plural second-person)
tъkašę (aorist plural third-person)
tъkajemъ (first-person plural present)
tъkajete (plural present second-person)
tъkajǫtь (plural present third-person)
tъkaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tъkaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tъkaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
tъkaji (imperative second-person singular)
tъkaji (imperative singular third-person)
tъkaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tъkaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tъkaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tъkajivě (dual first-person imperative)
tъkajita (dual imperative second-person)
tъkaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tъkaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tъkaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tъkajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
tъkajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ткаць (tkacʹ)

Russian: ткать (tkatʹ)

Ukrainian: тка́ти (tkáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: тъкати (tŭkati)

Bulgarian: тъка́ (tǎká), dial. тъча́ (tǎčá)

Macedonian: ткае (tkae)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тка̏ти

Latin script: tkȁti

Slovene: tkáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: tkáti

Czech: tkát

Kashubian: tkac

Old Polish: tkać

Polish: tkać

Slovak: tkať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: tkaś

Upper Sorbian: tkać

Unclear. Proposed etymologies include:
* Miklošič (followed by Snoj, Vasmer): From Proto-Indo-European *tewk- (“to seed, to press”) or possibly *(s)tewk- (“to shove, to push”). Cognate with Latvian taucêt (“to pound”) and akin to Ancient Greek τύκος (túkos, “malleus”), τυκίζω (tukízō, “to clench”).
* Pokorny: Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *tek- (“to weave, to plait”), related to Latin texō (“to weave”), Old High German dūhen (“to press”).


kręnǫti

kręnǫ̀ti (canonical perfective)
krętati (imperfective)
kręnovenьje (noun-from-verb)
kręnǫti (infinitive)
kręnǫtъ (supine)
kręnǫlъ (l-participle)
kręnovenъ (participle passive past)
kręnǫvъ (active participle past)
kręnǫxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kręnǫ (aorist second-person singular)
kręnǫ (aorist singular third-person)
kręnǫ (first-person present singular)
kręneši (present second-person singular)
kręnetь (present singular third-person)
kręnǫxově (aorist dual first-person)
kręnǫsta (aorist dual second-person)
kręnǫste (aorist dual third-person)
kręnevě (dual first-person present)
kręneta (dual present second-person)
kręnete (dual present third-person)
kręnǫxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kręnǫste (aorist plural second-person)
kręnǫšę (aorist plural third-person)
kręnemъ (first-person plural present)
kręnete (plural present second-person)
kręnǫtь (plural present third-person)
kręni (imperative second-person singular)
kręni (imperative singular third-person)
kręněvě (dual first-person imperative)
kręněta (dual imperative second-person)
kręněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
kręněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: крану́ць (kranúcʹ)

Russian: кря́нуть (krjánutʹ)

desc

Ukrainian: кря́нути (krjánuty, “to strike”) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: крѧнѫти

Bulgarian: кре́на (kréna), кре́вам (krévam), dial. кретнува́м (kretnuvám)

Macedonian: крене (krene)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кре́нути

Latin script: krénuti

Slovene: krenīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: křátnouti

From an earlier *krętnǫti, formed as *krętati (“to languish, to perturb”) + *-nǫti, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kert- (“to cut, to turn”) (or possibly from a depalatalized form of Proto-Indo-European *ḱert- (“to increase, to grow”)).


golgolati

golgolàti (canonical)
golgolanьje (noun-from-verb)
golgolati (infinitive)
golgolatъ (supine)
golgolalъ (l-participle)
golgolanъ (participle passive past)
golgoľemъ (participle passive present)
golgolavъ (active participle past)
golgoľę (active participle present)
golgolaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
golgola (aorist second-person singular)
golgola (aorist singular third-person)
golgoľǫ (first-person present singular)
golgoľeši (present second-person singular)
golgoľetь (present singular third-person)
golgolaxově (aorist dual first-person)
golgolasta (aorist dual second-person)
golgolaste (aorist dual third-person)
golgoľevě (dual first-person present)
golgoľeta (dual present second-person)
golgoľete (dual present third-person)
golgolaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
golgolaste (aorist plural second-person)
golgolašę (aorist plural third-person)
golgoľemъ (first-person plural present)
golgoľete (plural present second-person)
golgoľǫtь (plural present third-person)
golgolaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
golgolaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
golgolaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
golgoľi (imperative second-person singular)
golgoľi (imperative singular third-person)
golgolaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
golgolaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
golgolaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
golgoľivě (dual first-person imperative)
golgoľita (dual imperative second-person)
golgolaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
golgolaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
golgolaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
golgoľimъ (first-person imperative plural)
golgoľite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: глаголати (glagolati)

Glagolitic: ⰳⰾⰰⰳⱁⰾⰰⱅⰻ (glagolati)

desc

Macedonian: (archaic) гла́голи impf (glágoli)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: глаго̀љати (obsolete, historical)

Latin script: glagòljati (obsolete, historical)

West Slavic:

Czech: hlaholati (18th century)


gorditi

gordìti (canonical)
gorďenьje (noun-from-verb)
gorditi (infinitive)
gorditъ (supine)
gordilъ (l-participle)
gorďenъ (participle passive past)
gordimъ (participle passive present)
gorďь (active participle past)
gordę (active participle present)
gordixъ (aorist first-person singular)
gordi (aorist second-person singular)
gordi (aorist singular third-person)
gorďǫ (first-person present singular)
gordiši (present second-person singular)
gorditь (present singular third-person)
gordixově (aorist dual first-person)
gordista (aorist dual second-person)
gordiste (aorist dual third-person)
gordivě (dual first-person present)
gordita (dual present second-person)
gordite (dual present third-person)
gordixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gordiste (aorist plural second-person)
gordišę (aorist plural third-person)
gordimъ (first-person plural present)
gordite (plural present second-person)
gordętь (plural present third-person)
gorďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gorďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gorďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gordi (imperative second-person singular)
gordi (imperative singular third-person)
gorďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gorďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gorďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gordivě (dual first-person imperative)
gordita (dual imperative second-person)
gorďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gorďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gorďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gordimъ (first-person imperative plural)
gordite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: городи́ть (gorodítʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: градити (graditi)

→ Russian: -гради́ть (-gradítʹ)

Bulgarian: градя̀ (gradjà)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гра́дити

Latin script: gráditi

Slovene: gradīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hraditi

Czech: hradit

Moravian (Mistřice): hraďit

Polish: grodzić


vьrzati

vьrzàti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
vьrzanьje (noun-from-verb)
vьrzati (infinitive)
vьrzatъ (supine)
vьrzalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
vьrzanъ (participle passive past)
vьržemъ (participle passive present)
vьrzavъ (active participle past)
vьržę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
vьrzaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
vьrza (aorist second-person singular)
vьrza (aorist singular third-person)
vьržǫ (first-person present singular)
vьržeši (present second-person singular)
vьržetь (present singular third-person)
vьrzaxově (aorist dual first-person)
vьrzasta (aorist dual second-person)
vьrzaste (aorist dual third-person)
vьrževě (dual first-person present)
vьržeta (dual present second-person)
vьržete (dual present third-person)
vьrzaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vьrzaste (aorist plural second-person)
vьrzašę (aorist plural third-person)
vьržemъ (first-person plural present)
vьržete (plural present second-person)
vьržǫtь (plural present third-person)
vьrzaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vьrzaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vьrzaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vьrži (imperative second-person singular)
vьrži (imperative singular third-person)
vьrzaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vьrzaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vьrzaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vьrživě (dual first-person imperative)
vьržita (dual imperative second-person)
vьrzaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vьrzaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vьrzaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vьržimъ (first-person imperative plural)
vьržite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: верза́ць (vjerzácʹ)

Russian: верза́ть (verzátʹ, “to defecate”), dial. верзти (verzti)

Ukrainian: верза́ти (verzáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: вьрзати (vĭrzati)

Bulgarian: вържа (vǎrža)

q

reflects <i class="Latn mention" lang="sla-pro">*verzti</i>

→ Macedonian: врзе (vrze) (reflects *verzti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: врзати (“to sneak”)

Latin script: vrzati (“to sneak”)

Slovene: vrzẹ́ti

West Slavic: –

Derived from the present stem of an earlier *verzti. Probably continuing Proto-Indo-European *wr̥ǵʰyéti (“to tighten”), from Proto-Indo-European *werǵʰ-. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *wurgijaną (“to strangle”) and akin to Lithuanian ver̃žti (“to string”).


sъnęti

sъnętьje (noun-from-verb)
sъnęti (infinitive)
sъnętъ (supine)
sъnęlъ (l-participle)
sъnętъ (participle passive past)
sъnьmъ (active participle past)
sъnęsъ (aorist first-person singular)
sъnę (aorist second-person singular)
sъnę (aorist singular third-person)
sъnьmǫ (first-person present singular)
sъnьmeši (present second-person singular)
sъnьmetь (present singular third-person)
sъnęsově (aorist dual first-person)
sъnęsta (aorist dual second-person)
sъnęste (aorist dual third-person)
sъnьmevě (dual first-person present)
sъnьmeta (dual present second-person)
sъnьmete (dual present third-person)
sъnęsomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sъnęste (aorist plural second-person)
sъnęsę (aorist plural third-person)
sъnьmemъ (first-person plural present)
sъnьmete (plural present second-person)
sъnьmǫtь (plural present third-person)
sъnьmi (imperative second-person singular)
sъnьmi (imperative singular third-person)
sъnьměvě (dual first-person imperative)
sъnьměta (dual imperative second-person)
sъnьměmъ (first-person imperative plural)
sъnьměte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: снять (snjatʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: сънѧти

Bulgarian: снемам (snemam)

Macedonian: снима (snima)

Serbo-Croatian: snȅti

Slovene: snẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Slovak: sňať


kľьvati

kľьvàti (canonical imperfective)
kľunǫti (perfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
kľьvanьje (noun-from-verb)
kľьvati (infinitive)
kľьvatъ (supine)
kľьvalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
kľьvanъ (participle passive past)
kľujemъ (participle passive present)
kľьvavъ (active participle past)
kľuję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
kľьvaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kľьva (aorist second-person singular)
kľьva (aorist singular third-person)
kľujǫ (first-person present singular)
kľuješi (present second-person singular)
kľujetь (present singular third-person)
kľьvaxově (aorist dual first-person)
kľьvasta (aorist dual second-person)
kľьvaste (aorist dual third-person)
kľujevě (dual first-person present)
kľujeta (dual present second-person)
kľujete (dual present third-person)
kľьvaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kľьvaste (aorist plural second-person)
kľьvašę (aorist plural third-person)
kľujemъ (first-person plural present)
kľujete (plural present second-person)
kľujǫtь (plural present third-person)
kľьvaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kľьvaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kľьvaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kľuji (imperative second-person singular)
kľuji (imperative singular third-person)
kľьvaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kľьvaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kľьvaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kľujivě (dual first-person imperative)
kľujita (dual imperative second-person)
kľьvaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kľьvaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kľьvaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kľujimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kľujite (imperative plural second-person)

From an earlier *kľuti + *-ati, yet identical in meaning.


kľuti

kľunǫti (perfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
klьvanьje (noun-from-verb)
kluti (infinitive)
klutъ (supine)
klьvalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
klьvanъ (participle passive past)
klьvomъ (participle passive present)
klьvavъ (active participle past)
klьvy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
klьvaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
klьva (aorist second-person singular)
klьva (aorist singular third-person)
klьvǫ (first-person present singular)
klьveši (present second-person singular)
klьvetь (present singular third-person)
klьvaxově (aorist dual first-person)
klьvasta (aorist dual second-person)
klьvaste (aorist dual third-person)
klьvevě (dual first-person present)
klьveta (dual present second-person)
klьvete (dual present third-person)
klьvaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
klьvaste (aorist plural second-person)
klьvašę (aorist plural third-person)
klьvemъ (first-person plural present)
klьvete (plural present second-person)
klьvǫtь (plural present third-person)
klьvaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
klьvaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
klьvaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
klьvi (imperative second-person singular)
klьvi (imperative singular third-person)
klьvaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
klьvaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
klьvaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
klьvěvě (dual first-person imperative)
klьvěta (dual imperative second-person)
klьvaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
klьvaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
klьvaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
klьvěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
klьvěte (imperative plural second-person)
c (accent-paradigm)
kľьvanьje (noun-from-verb)
kľьvati (infinitive)
kľьvatъ (supine)
kľьvalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
kľьvanъ (participle passive past)
kľujemъ (participle passive present)
kľьvavъ (active participle past)
kľuję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
kľьvaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kľьva (aorist second-person singular)
kľьva (aorist singular third-person)
kľujǫ (first-person present singular)
kľuješi (present second-person singular)
kľujetь (present singular third-person)
kľьvaxově (aorist dual first-person)
kľьvasta (aorist dual second-person)
kľьvaste (aorist dual third-person)
kľujevě (dual first-person present)
kľujeta (dual present second-person)
kľujete (dual present third-person)
kľьvaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kľьvaste (aorist plural second-person)
kľьvašę (aorist plural third-person)
kľujemъ (first-person plural present)
kľujete (plural present second-person)
kľujǫtь (plural present third-person)
kľьvaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kľьvaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kľьvaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kľuji (imperative second-person singular)
kľuji (imperative singular third-person)
kľьvaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kľьvaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kľьvaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kľujivě (dual first-person imperative)
kľujita (dual imperative second-person)
kľьvaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kľьvaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kľьvaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kľujimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kľujite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: кълва́ (kǎlvá)

Macedonian: колва (kolva)

East Slavic:

Russian: клева́ть (klevátʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: кльвати (klĭvati)

Bulgarian: клю́вам (kljúvam) (dialectal)

Slovene: kljeváti (archaic)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: klvati (“to peck”)

desc

Czech: klvati (obsolete), klíti (obsolete), klovat (“to peck”), klobat (uncommon), klubat se (“to hatch”)

Polish: klwać (dialectal)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: клюва́ць (kljuvácʹ)

Ukrainian: клюва́ти (kljuváty)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кљу̏вати

Latin script: kljȕvati

Slovene: kljuváti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

q

only the infinitive reflects <i class="Latn mention" lang="sla-pro">*kluti</i>

inflects as <i class="Latn mention" lang="sla-pro">*kľuvati</i>

Polish: kłuć (only the infinitive reflects *kluti, inflects as *kľuvati); Polish: kluć

Slovak: kľuvať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kluwać

Lower Sorbian: kluwaś

An archaic proto-form of *kolti (“to stab”) + *-uti, reflecting Proto-Balto-Slavic *kljautei, from Proto-Indo-European *klewh₂-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₂- (“to beat, to stab”). Survives only in Bulgarian and Macedonian. Other languages reflect the doublet *kľьvati, with an identical meaning. Cognate with Lithuanian kliū́ti (“to cleave”) and Latvian kļūt (“to become”).
The surviving descendants exhibit depalatalized root vowel, however, the original was most likely with a soft root vowel, i.e. *kľuti.


dъbati

dъbanьje (noun-from-verb)
dъbati (infinitive)
dъbatъ (supine)
dъbalъ (l-participle)
dъbanъ (participle passive past)
dъbajemъ (participle passive present)
dъbavъ (active participle past)
dъbaję (active participle present)
dъbaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dъba (aorist second-person singular)
dъba (aorist singular third-person)
dъbajǫ (first-person present singular)
dъbaješi (present second-person singular)
dъbajetь (present singular third-person)
dъbaxově (aorist dual first-person)
dъbasta (aorist dual second-person)
dъbaste (aorist dual third-person)
dъbajevě (dual first-person present)
dъbajeta (dual present second-person)
dъbajete (dual present third-person)
dъbaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dъbaste (aorist plural second-person)
dъbašę (aorist plural third-person)
dъbajemъ (first-person plural present)
dъbajete (plural present second-person)
dъbajǫtь (plural present third-person)
dъbaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dъbaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dъbaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dъbaji (imperative second-person singular)
dъbaji (imperative singular third-person)
dъbaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dъbaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dъbaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dъbajivě (dual first-person imperative)
dъbajita (dual imperative second-person)
dъbaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dъbaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dъbaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dъbajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dъbajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: дбаць (dbacʹ)

Russian: дбать (dbatʹ)

Ukrainian: дба́ти (dbáty)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dbáti

Czech: dbát

Polish: dbać

Slovak: dbať

Kashubian: dbac

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: dbać

Lower Sorbian: dźbaś

Uncertain. One hypothesis connects it to Latin dubāre (“to doubt”), Latin dubius (“dubious”), ultimately a derivative from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ (“two”). Along a similar line of logic is a potential connection to Proto-Slavic *dybati (“to meander, to get atop”), possibly a cognate with Proto-Germanic *tuppijô (“to be atop”), from Proto-Indo-European *dwe(m)b- (“top”).
Another option is a borrowing from Proto-Indo-Iranian source, probably Scythian.
A third hypothesis is a possible metathesis of Proto-Slavic *bъděti (“to be awake”), under the influence of an earlier negated form *nebъda > *nedъba.
Some scholars also relate it to *deběti (“to stalk”) + *-ati, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰebʰ-, which would require an earlier proto-form *dьbati. The expected grade in this case is e-grade or ē-grade, however, 0-grade is not impossible, either.


dybati

dybanьje (noun-from-verb)
dybati (infinitive)
dybatъ (supine)
dybalъ (l-participle)
dybanъ (participle passive past)
dybomъ (participle passive present)
dybavъ (active participle past)
dyby (active participle present)
dybaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dyba (aorist second-person singular)
dyba (aorist singular third-person)
dybǫ (first-person present singular)
dybeši (present second-person singular)
dybetь (present singular third-person)
dybaxově (aorist dual first-person)
dybasta (aorist dual second-person)
dybaste (aorist dual third-person)
dybevě (dual first-person present)
dybeta (dual present second-person)
dybete (dual present third-person)
dybaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dybaste (aorist plural second-person)
dybašę (aorist plural third-person)
dybemъ (first-person plural present)
dybete (plural present second-person)
dybǫtь (plural present third-person)
dybaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dybaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dybaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dybi (imperative second-person singular)
dybi (imperative singular third-person)
dybaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dybaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dybaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dyběvě (dual first-person imperative)
dyběta (dual imperative second-person)
dybaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dybaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dybaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dyběmъ (first-person imperative plural)
dyběte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дꙑбати (dybati)

desc

Belarusian: ды́баць (dýbacʹ, “to approach”), дыба́ць (dybácʹ, “to tread”)

Russian: ды́бать (dýbatʹ, “to stand insecurely”)

Ukrainian: ди́бати (dýbaty, “to joggle, to move in abnormal manner”)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: дибя́ (dibjá)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дибати

Latin script: dibati

West Slavic:

Polish: dybać

Slovak: dibať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: dybaś

Uncertain. Probably formed as *dyba (“staff, derrick”) + *-ti from 0-grade of Proto-Indo-European *dwe(m)b- (“top”), akin to Proto-Germanic *tuppijô (“to be atop”).
Alternatively, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewb- (“deep”), related to Proto-Slavic *ďubati (“to peck”), Proto-Germanic *daupijaną (“to immerse”) via uncertain semantic shift.

cog

to stay atop, to stand on back feet (for tetrapod animals)


kučati

kùčati (canonical imperfective)
kučnǫti (perfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
kučanьje (noun-from-verb)
kučati (infinitive)
kučatъ (supine)
kučalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
kučanъ (participle passive past)
kučajemъ (participle passive present)
kučavъ (active participle past)
kučaję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
kučaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kuča (aorist second-person singular)
kuča (aorist singular third-person)
kučajǫ (first-person present singular)
kučaješi (present second-person singular)
kučajetь (present singular third-person)
kučaxově (aorist dual first-person)
kučasta (aorist dual second-person)
kučaste (aorist dual third-person)
kučajevě (dual first-person present)
kučajeta (dual present second-person)
kučajete (dual present third-person)
kučaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kučaste (aorist plural second-person)
kučašę (aorist plural third-person)
kučajemъ (first-person plural present)
kučajete (plural present second-person)
kučajǫtь (plural present third-person)
kučaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kučaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kučaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kučaji (imperative second-person singular)
kučaji (imperative singular third-person)
kučaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kučaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kučaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kučajivě (dual first-person imperative)
kučajita (dual imperative second-person)
kučaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kučaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kučaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kučajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kučajite (imperative plural second-person)

Fientive verb of *kuka (“hook”) + *-jati, semantically identical to Proto-Slavic *kukati (“to squat”) with the only difference being that the *-ati doublet is perfective.


čukati

čuknǫti (perfective)
čukanьje (noun-from-verb)
čukati (infinitive)
čukatъ (supine)
čukalъ (l-participle)
čukanъ (participle passive past)
čukajemъ (participle passive present)
čukavъ (active participle past)
čukaję (active participle present)
čukaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
čuka (aorist second-person singular)
čuka (aorist singular third-person)
čukajǫ (first-person present singular)
čukaješi (present second-person singular)
čukajetь (present singular third-person)
čukaxově (aorist dual first-person)
čukasta (aorist dual second-person)
čukaste (aorist dual third-person)
čukajevě (dual first-person present)
čukajeta (dual present second-person)
čukajete (dual present third-person)
čukaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
čukaste (aorist plural second-person)
čukašę (aorist plural third-person)
čukajemъ (first-person plural present)
čukajete (plural present second-person)
čukajǫtь (plural present third-person)
čukaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
čukaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
čukaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
čukaji (imperative second-person singular)
čukaji (imperative singular third-person)
čukaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
čukaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
čukaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
čukajivě (dual first-person imperative)
čukajita (dual imperative second-person)
čukaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
čukaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
čukaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
čukajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
čukajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: чу́кать (čúkatʹ) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: чу́кати (čúkaty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: чу́кам (čúkam)

Macedonian: чука (čuka)

Slovene: čúkati

Morphologically from *čukъ (“bang, clang; hammer, knocker”) + *-ati. Proposed further origin:
* Vasmer, Snoj: Onomatopoeic related to Lithuanian kaũkti (“to howl”), Latvian kàukt (“to yell, to howl”), possibly Sanskrit कौति (káuti, “to cry, to lament”), Ancient Greek κωκῡ́ω (kōkū́ō, “to shriek”). Ultimately may reflect Proto-Indo-European *(s)kew- (“to growl, to wail”). Compare also Proto-Slavic *čavьka (“jackdaw”), Proto-Slavic *skovykъ ⇒ Slovene: skovȋk (“pygmy owl”), Proto-Slavic *čuxalъ ⇒ Bulgarian: чу́хал (čúhal, “scops owl”).
* Possibly an expressive k-extension of *kuti (“to hew”) + *-kati, in particular for the secondary sense “to hammer, to hew”.

desc

→ to caw, to cackle (in Slovene, East Slavic)

→ to hammer, to strike, to hew (in Eastern South Slavic)

čučedlo

*čučati (“to hang/sit on a high place (e.g. tree, pylon)”)


kyčiti

kyčenьje (noun-from-verb)
kyčiti (infinitive)
kyčitъ (supine)
kyčilъ (l-participle)
kyčenъ (participle passive past)
kyčimъ (participle passive present)
kyčь (active participle past)
kyčę (active participle present)
kyčixъ (aorist first-person singular)
kyči (aorist second-person singular)
kyči (aorist singular third-person)
kyčǫ (first-person present singular)
kyčiši (present second-person singular)
kyčitь (present singular third-person)
kyčixově (aorist dual first-person)
kyčista (aorist dual second-person)
kyčiste (aorist dual third-person)
kyčivě (dual first-person present)
kyčita (dual present second-person)
kyčite (dual present third-person)
kyčixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kyčiste (aorist plural second-person)
kyčišę (aorist plural third-person)
kyčimъ (first-person plural present)
kyčite (plural present second-person)
kyčętь (plural present third-person)
kyčaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kyčaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kyčaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kyči (imperative second-person singular)
kyči (imperative singular third-person)
kyčaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kyčaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kyčaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kyčivě (dual first-person imperative)
kyčita (dual imperative second-person)
kyčaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kyčaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kyčaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kyčimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kyčite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кꙑчити (kyčiti)

Russian: кичи́ться (kičítʹsja, “to brag”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: кꙑчити (kyčiti)

Bulgarian: кича (kiča) (3p. sg. кичи (kiči))

Macedonian: кичи (kiči)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ки́чити (“to brag”)

Latin script: kíčiti (“to brag”)

→ Slovene: nakȋčiti, čȋčkati

Most likely, a causative verb of *kyka (“pigtail, decoration”) + *-iti. Some of the meanings may have been influenced by the onomatopoeic Proto-Slavic *kykotěti (“to giggle”), Proto-Slavic *kykati (“to crow”). Georgiev makes connection with forms of the semantic kernel Proto-Slavic *kyt- as if from an earlier *kytъčiti. Ultimately both the t- and the k-forms are probably extensions of Proto-Slavic *kuti (“to hew, to forge”) / Proto-Slavic *kujati (“to cow, to crook”), so semantic overlapping is to be expected.

cog

kyča

*kyčati (“to hang, to decorate”) (emphatic)


kytiti

kỳtiti (canonical imperfective)
kyťenьje (noun-from-verb)
kytiti (infinitive)
kytitъ (supine)
kytilъ (l-participle)
kyťenъ (participle passive past)
kytimъ (participle passive present)
kyťь (active participle past)
kytę (active participle present)
kytixъ (aorist first-person singular)
kyti (aorist second-person singular)
kyti (aorist singular third-person)
kyťǫ (first-person present singular)
kytiši (present second-person singular)
kytitь (present singular third-person)
kytixově (aorist dual first-person)
kytista (aorist dual second-person)
kytiste (aorist dual third-person)
kytivě (dual first-person present)
kytita (dual present second-person)
kytite (dual present third-person)
kytixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kytiste (aorist plural second-person)
kytišę (aorist plural third-person)
kytimъ (first-person plural present)
kytite (plural present second-person)
kytętь (plural present third-person)
kyťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kyťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kyťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kyti (imperative second-person singular)
kyti (imperative singular third-person)
kyťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kyťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kyťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kytivě (dual first-person imperative)
kytita (dual imperative second-person)
kyťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kyťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kyťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kytimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kytite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: кити́ти (kytýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: *кꙑтити (*kytiti)

⇒ Romanian: chiti (“to decorate”)

Bulgarian: ки́тя (kítja)

Macedonian: кити (kiti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ки̏тити

Latin script: kȉtiti

Slovene: kítiti

→ to form a bouquet

→ to decorate, to adorn


skuti

skutì (canonical imperfective)
skubnǫti (perfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
skubenьje (noun-from-verb)
skuti (infinitive)
skutъ (supine)
skublъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
skubenъ (participle passive past)
skubomъ (participle passive present)
skubъ (active participle past)
skuby (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
skubъ (aorist first-person singular)
skuboxъ (aorist first-person singular)
skube (aorist second-person singular)
skube (aorist singular third-person)
skubǫ (first-person present singular)
skubeši (present second-person singular)
skubetь (present singular third-person)
skubově (aorist dual first-person)
skuboxově (aorist dual first-person)
skubeta (aorist dual second-person)
skubosta (aorist dual second-person)
skubete (aorist dual third-person)
skuboste (aorist dual third-person)
skubevě (dual first-person present)
skubeta (dual present second-person)
skubete (dual present third-person)
skubomъ (aorist first-person plural)
skuboxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
skubete (aorist plural second-person)
skuboste (aorist plural second-person)
skubǫ (aorist plural third-person)
skubošę (aorist plural third-person)
skubemъ (first-person plural present)
skubete (plural present second-person)
skubǫtь (plural present third-person)
skuběaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
skuběaše (imperfect second-person singular)
skuběaše (imperfect singular third-person)
skubi (imperative second-person singular)
skubi (imperative singular third-person)
skuběaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
skuběašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
skuběašete (dual imperfect third-person)
skuběvě (dual first-person imperative)
skuběta (dual imperative second-person)
skuběaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
skuběašete (imperfect plural second-person)
skuběaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
skuběmъ (first-person imperative plural)
skuběte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ску́бці (skúbci)

Russian: скусть (skustʹ); (dialectal) скубти́ (skubtí)

Ukrainian: ску́бти (skúbty); (dialectal) ску́бсти́ (skúbstý)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ску́псти

Latin script: skúpsti

Slovene: skúbsti

West Slavic:

Old Czech: skústi

From earlier *skubti < Proto-Balto-Slavic *skaub⁽ˀ⁾téi, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewbʰ-. Related to Lithuanian skùbti (“to hurry”) (n-infix present), Latvian skubinât (“to urge, to push”). Further akin to Proto-Germanic *skeubaną (“to shove”), Persian آشفتن (âšoftan, “to agitate”), Sanskrit क्षुभ्यति (kṣubhyati, “to shake”).


rězati

rě̋zati (canonical imperfective)
rěznǫti (perfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
rězanьje (noun-from-verb)
rězati (infinitive)
rězatъ (supine)
rězalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
rězanъ (participle passive past)
rěžemъ (participle passive present)
rězavъ (active participle past)
rěžę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
rězaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
rěza (aorist second-person singular)
rěza (aorist singular third-person)
rěžǫ (first-person present singular)
rěžeši (present second-person singular)
rěžetь (present singular third-person)
rězaxově (aorist dual first-person)
rězasta (aorist dual second-person)
rězaste (aorist dual third-person)
rěževě (dual first-person present)
rěžeta (dual present second-person)
rěžete (dual present third-person)
rězaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
rězaste (aorist plural second-person)
rězašę (aorist plural third-person)
rěžemъ (first-person plural present)
rěžete (plural present second-person)
rěžǫtь (plural present third-person)
rězaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
rězaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
rězaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
rěži (imperative second-person singular)
rěži (imperative singular third-person)
rězaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
rězaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
rězaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
rěživě (dual first-person imperative)
rěžita (dual imperative second-person)
rězaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
rězaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
rězaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
rěžimъ (first-person imperative plural)
rěžite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: рѣзати (rězati)

Old Belarusian: рѣзати (rězati)

Belarusian: рэ́заць (rézacʹ)

Russian: ре́зать (rézatʹ)

Ukrainian: рі́зати (rízaty)

→ Polish: rezać

Carpathian Rusyn: різáти (rizáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: рѣзати (rězati)

Bulgarian: режа (reža)

Macedonian: реже (reže)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ре̏зати

Latin script: rȅzati, rijezat (Kajkavian)

Slovene: rẹ́zati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: řězati

Czech: řezat

Polabian: rezą (1sg), rezĕ (3sg)

Old Polish: rzezać
Polish: rzezać

Slovak: rezať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: rězać

Lower Sorbian: rězaś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rḗˀźtei, from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₁ǵyeti, from *wreh₁ǵ-. Akin to Lithuanian rė́žti (“to cut”), Latvian riezt (“to sprout”) and further to Ancient Greek ῥήγνῡμι (rhḗgnūmi).


čerti

čьrtьje (noun-from-verb)
čerti (infinitive)
čertъ (supine)
čьrlъ (l-participle)
čьrtъ (participle passive past)
čьromъ (participle passive present)
čьrъ (active participle past)
čьry (active participle present)
čerxъ (aorist first-person singular)
čer (aorist second-person singular)
čer (aorist singular third-person)
čьrǫ (first-person present singular)
čьreši (present second-person singular)
čьretь (present singular third-person)
čerxově (aorist dual first-person)
čersta (aorist dual second-person)
čerste (aorist dual third-person)
čьrevě (dual first-person present)
čьreta (dual present second-person)
čьrete (dual present third-person)
čerxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
čerste (aorist plural second-person)
čeršę (aorist plural third-person)
čьremъ (first-person plural present)
čьrete (plural present second-person)
čьrǫtь (plural present third-person)
čьrěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
čьrěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
čьrěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
čьri (imperative second-person singular)
čьri (imperative singular third-person)
čьrěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
čьrěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
čьrěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
čьrěvě (dual first-person imperative)
čьrěta (dual imperative second-person)
čьrěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
čьrěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
čьrěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
čьrěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
čьrěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

⇒ Belarusian: отчерці (ótčjerci), отчерци (ótčjerci) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: че́рсти (čérsty), черти (čerty) (dialectal); чери́ти (čerýty) (dialectal, via *čeriti)

South Slavic:

⇒ Slovene: čę̑r

West Slavic:

Old Czech: čřieti

Czech: čříti (dated)

⇒ Old Polish: czyrślić, czyrchlić

Slovak: črieť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: čerić (via *čeriti)

Upper Sorbian: ceriś (via *čeriti)

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-. Cognate with Lithuanian skìrti, Latvian šķirt, Old Norse skera.

inh+

to cut, separate
→ to peel the bark off trees


raziti

razi̋ti (canonical)
ra̋ziti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
raženьje (noun-from-verb)
raziti (infinitive)
razitъ (supine)
razilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
raženъ (participle passive past)
razimъ (participle passive present)
ražь (active participle past)
razę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
razixъ (aorist first-person singular)
razi (aorist second-person singular)
razi (aorist singular third-person)
ražǫ (first-person present singular)
raziši (present second-person singular)
razitь (present singular third-person)
razixově (aorist dual first-person)
razista (aorist dual second-person)
raziste (aorist dual third-person)
razivě (dual first-person present)
razita (dual present second-person)
razite (dual present third-person)
razixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
raziste (aorist plural second-person)
razišę (aorist plural third-person)
razimъ (first-person plural present)
razite (plural present second-person)
razętь (plural present third-person)
ražaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
ražaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
ražaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
razi (imperative second-person singular)
razi (imperative singular third-person)
ražaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
ražaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
ražaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
razivě (dual first-person imperative)
razita (dual imperative second-person)
ražaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
ražaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
ražaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
razimъ (first-person imperative plural)
razite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: разити (raziti)

Belarusian: разі́ць (razícʹ)

Russian: рази́ть (razítʹ)

Ukrainian: рази́ти (razýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: -разити (-raziti)

Bulgarian: -разя́ (-razjá)

Macedonian: -рази (-razi)

⇒ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: порáзити

Latin script: poráziti

Slovene: ráziti

West Slavic:

Czech: razit

Polish: razić

Slovak: raziť

Continues Proto-Indo-European *wroh₁ǵéyeti or formed as *razъ (“stroke, unit of time, mark”) + *-iti, from Proto-Indo-European *wreh₁ǵ-. Often prefixed with various prepositions.

orzraziti

to smash, to spread (for threat, infection)

sъnobraziti

to consider, to respect (an opinion, order)


patriti

patrati (frequentative)
Slavic (South West)
patřenьje (noun-from-verb)
patriti (infinitive)
patritъ (supine)
patrilъ (l-participle)
patřenъ (participle passive past)
patrimъ (participle passive present)
patřь (active participle past)
patrę (active participle present)
patrixъ (aorist first-person singular)
patri (aorist second-person singular)
patri (aorist singular third-person)
patřǫ (first-person present singular)
patriši (present second-person singular)
patritь (present singular third-person)
patrixově (aorist dual first-person)
patrista (aorist dual second-person)
patriste (aorist dual third-person)
patrivě (dual first-person present)
patrita (dual present second-person)
patrite (dual present third-person)
patrixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
patriste (aorist plural second-person)
patrišę (aorist plural third-person)
patrimъ (first-person plural present)
patrite (plural present second-person)
patrętь (plural present third-person)
patřaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
patřaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
patřaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
patri (imperative second-person singular)
patri (imperative singular third-person)
patřaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
patřaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
patřaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
patrivě (dual first-person imperative)
patrita (dual imperative second-person)
patřaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
patřaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
patřaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
patrimъ (first-person imperative plural)
patrite (imperative plural second-person)

ru:Варбот, Жанна Жановна

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: (dialectal) па́тря (pátrja)

Serbo-Croatian:

desc

Latin script: pȁtriti, (dialectal) pàtriti

Cyrillic script: па̏трити, (dialectal) па̀трити

West Slavic:

Old Czech: patřiti

Czech: patřit

Old Polish: patrzyć

Polish: patrzyć

→? Old Ruthenian: па́трити (pátriti)

Belarusian: (dialectal) па́трыць (pátrycʹ)

Ukrainian: (dialectal) па́трити (pátryty)

Old Slovak: patriť

Slovak: patriť, (dialectal) patric

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: patrzëc

Slovincian: patrzëc

Alternative forms

West Slavic:

Old Polish: *patrzeć

Polish: patrzeć

Silesian: patrzeć

Slovak: patrieť

From Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-tro- (“food, fodder; feeding”) + *-iti, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- with a semantic shift of “to feed, to breed” > “to care, to look after” > “to look at something/someone, to look out for”.
Close cognates inclue Proto-Germanic *fōdrą, Avestan 𐬞𐬁𐬚𐬭𐬀 (pāθra), Old Armenian հօրան (hōran).

suf

(transitive) to belong [with *do (+ genitive) ‘to whom’]

(transitive) to benefit [with dative ‘whom’]

+obj

(transitive) to look at [with *na (+ accusative) ‘something/someone’]


žuti

c (accent-paradigm)
žutьje (noun-from-verb)
žuti (infinitive)
žutъ (supine)
žulъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
žutъ (participle passive past)
žuvъ (active participle past)
c (accent-paradigm)
žuxъ (aorist first-person singular)
žu (aorist second-person singular)
žu (aorist singular third-person)
žьvǫ (first-person present singular)
žьveši (present second-person singular)
žьvetь (present singular third-person)
žuxově (aorist dual first-person)
žusta (aorist dual second-person)
žuste (aorist dual third-person)
žьvevě (dual first-person present)
žьveta (dual present second-person)
žьvete (dual present third-person)
žuxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
žuste (aorist plural second-person)
žušę (aorist plural third-person)
žьvemъ (first-person plural present)
žьvete (plural present second-person)
žьvǫtь (plural present third-person)
žьvi (imperative second-person singular)
žьvi (imperative singular third-person)
žьvěvě (dual first-person imperative)
žьvěta (dual imperative second-person)
žьvěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
žьvěte (imperative plural second-person)
c (accent-paradigm)
žutьje (noun-from-verb)
žuti (infinitive)
žutъ (supine)
žulъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
žutъ (participle passive past)
žujemъ (participle passive present)
žuvъ (active participle past)
žuję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
žuxъ (aorist first-person singular)
žu (aorist second-person singular)
žu (aorist singular third-person)
žujǫ (first-person present singular)
žuješi (present second-person singular)
žujetь (present singular third-person)
žuxově (aorist dual first-person)
žusta (aorist dual second-person)
žuste (aorist dual third-person)
žujevě (dual first-person present)
žujeta (dual present second-person)
žujete (dual present third-person)
žuxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
žuste (aorist plural second-person)
žušę (aorist plural third-person)
žujemъ (first-person plural present)
žujete (plural present second-person)
žujǫtь (plural present third-person)
žujaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
žujaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
žujaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
žuji (imperative second-person singular)
žuji (imperative singular third-person)
žujaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
žujaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
žujaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
žujivě (dual first-person imperative)
žujita (dual imperative second-person)
žujaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
žujaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
žujaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
žujimъ (first-person imperative plural)
žujite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old Ukrainian: жути (žuti)

Ukrainian: жу́ти (žúty) (obsolescent)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: жва pf (žva), жву́я impf (žvúja) (obsolescent, dialectal)

⇒ Bulgarian: жево́ля (ževólja, “to grind with teeth”)

Macedonian: жве (žve) (obsolete)

West Slavic:

Czech: žut, žít

Old Polish: żuć (zvcz)

Polish: żuć (partially)

Slovak: žuť (partially)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: žuś (partially)

Earlier root-stem form of Proto-Slavic *žьvati (“to chew”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵyewh₁-. Akin to Proto-Germanic *kewwaną (“to chew”), Tocharian B śuwaṃ (“to eat”).


dьrpati

dьrpàti (canonical imperfective)
dьrpnǫti (perfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
dьrpanьje (noun-from-verb)
dьrpati (infinitive)
dьrpatъ (supine)
dьrpalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
dьrpanъ (participle passive past)
dьrpajemъ (participle passive present)
dьrpavъ (active participle past)
dьrpaję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
dьrpaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dьrpa (aorist second-person singular)
dьrpa (aorist singular third-person)
dьrpajǫ (first-person present singular)
dьrpaješi (present second-person singular)
dьrpajetь (present singular third-person)
dьrpaxově (aorist dual first-person)
dьrpasta (aorist dual second-person)
dьrpaste (aorist dual third-person)
dьrpajevě (dual first-person present)
dьrpajeta (dual present second-person)
dьrpajete (dual present third-person)
dьrpaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dьrpaste (aorist plural second-person)
dьrpašę (aorist plural third-person)
dьrpajemъ (first-person plural present)
dьrpajete (plural present second-person)
dьrpajǫtь (plural present third-person)
dьrpaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dьrpaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dьrpaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dьrpaji (imperative second-person singular)
dьrpaji (imperative singular third-person)
dьrpaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dьrpaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dьrpaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dьrpajivě (dual first-person imperative)
dьrpajita (dual imperative second-person)
dьrpaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dьrpaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dьrpaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dьrpajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dьrpajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: дъ́рпам (dǎ́rpam)

Macedonian: др́па (dŕpa)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: др́пати

Latin script: dŕpati

Slovene: dŕpati

From *dьràti (“to tear, to flay”) + *-pati.

(by extension) → to tear apart


dьrcati

dьrcàti (canonical imperfective)
dьrcnǫti (perfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
dьrcanьje (noun-from-verb)
dьrcati (infinitive)
dьrcatъ (supine)
dьrcalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
dьrcanъ (participle passive past)
dьrcajemъ (participle passive present)
dьrcavъ (active participle past)
dьrcaję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
dьrcaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dьrca (aorist second-person singular)
dьrca (aorist singular third-person)
dьrcajǫ (first-person present singular)
dьrcaješi (present second-person singular)
dьrcajetь (present singular third-person)
dьrcaxově (aorist dual first-person)
dьrcasta (aorist dual second-person)
dьrcaste (aorist dual third-person)
dьrcajevě (dual first-person present)
dьrcajeta (dual present second-person)
dьrcajete (dual present third-person)
dьrcaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dьrcaste (aorist plural second-person)
dьrcašę (aorist plural third-person)
dьrcajemъ (first-person plural present)
dьrcajete (plural present second-person)
dьrcajǫtь (plural present third-person)
dьrcaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dьrcaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dьrcaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dьrcaji (imperative second-person singular)
dьrcaji (imperative singular third-person)
dьrcaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dьrcaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dьrcaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dьrcajivě (dual first-person imperative)
dьrcajita (dual imperative second-person)
dьrcaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dьrcaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dьrcaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dьrcajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dьrcajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: дъ́рцам (dǎ́rcam)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: др̏цати, др́цати

Latin script: dȑcati, dŕcati

West Slavic:

Czech: drcati

Slovak: drcať

Expressive derivative of *dьràti (“to tear, to flay”) + *-cati.


dьrkati

dьrkàti (canonical imperfective)
dьrknǫti (perfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
dьrkanьje (noun-from-verb)
dьrkati (infinitive)
dьrkatъ (supine)
dьrkalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
dьrkanъ (participle passive past)
dьrkajemъ (participle passive present)
dьrkavъ (active participle past)
dьrkaję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
dьrkaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dьrka (aorist second-person singular)
dьrka (aorist singular third-person)
dьrkajǫ (first-person present singular)
dьrkaješi (present second-person singular)
dьrkajetь (present singular third-person)
dьrkaxově (aorist dual first-person)
dьrkasta (aorist dual second-person)
dьrkaste (aorist dual third-person)
dьrkajevě (dual first-person present)
dьrkajeta (dual present second-person)
dьrkajete (dual present third-person)
dьrkaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dьrkaste (aorist plural second-person)
dьrkašę (aorist plural third-person)
dьrkajemъ (first-person plural present)
dьrkajete (plural present second-person)
dьrkajǫtь (plural present third-person)
dьrkaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dьrkaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dьrkaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dьrkaji (imperative second-person singular)
dьrkaji (imperative singular third-person)
dьrkaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dьrkaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dьrkaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dьrkajivě (dual first-person imperative)
dьrkajita (dual imperative second-person)
dьrkaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dьrkaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dьrkaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dьrkajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dьrkajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: де́ркати (dérkaty)

South Slavic:

Slovene: dȓkati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: drkati

Slovak: drkať (dialectal)

Expressive derivative of *dьràti (“to tear, to flay”) + *-kati.


brъzgati

brъzganьje (noun-from-verb)
brъzgati (infinitive)
brъzgatъ (supine)
brъzgalъ (l-participle)
brъzganъ (participle passive past)
brъzgajemъ (participle passive present)
brъzgavъ (active participle past)
brъzgaję (active participle present)
brъzgaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
brъzga (aorist second-person singular)
brъzga (aorist singular third-person)
brъzgajǫ (first-person present singular)
brъzgaješi (present second-person singular)
brъzgajetь (present singular third-person)
brъzgaxově (aorist dual first-person)
brъzgasta (aorist dual second-person)
brъzgaste (aorist dual third-person)
brъzgajevě (dual first-person present)
brъzgajeta (dual present second-person)
brъzgajete (dual present third-person)
brъzgaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
brъzgaste (aorist plural second-person)
brъzgašę (aorist plural third-person)
brъzgajemъ (first-person plural present)
brъzgajete (plural present second-person)
brъzgajǫtь (plural present third-person)
brъzgaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
brъzgaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
brъzgaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
brъzgaji (imperative second-person singular)
brъzgaji (imperative singular third-person)
brъzgaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
brъzgaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
brъzgaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
brъzgajivě (dual first-person imperative)
brъzgajita (dual imperative second-person)
brъzgaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
brъzgaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
brъzgaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
brъzgajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
brъzgajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бръ́згам (brǎ́zgam, “to strew; to burst”) (dialectal)

Macedonian: брзга (brzga, “to gush, to splatter”)

West Slavic:

Slovak: brzgať

Probably onomatopoeic, related to *bryzgati. Analogous grade variation is also observed in Southern *prъskati : Northern *pryskati (both “to splash, to spray”). Formally equivalent to Lithuanian brũzgât (“to snort”), perhaps of shared origin (compare further Proto-Indo-European *bʰrew- (“to brew”)).
BER joins the meanings to strew (ръся) with to burst, to spew (пръскам), however, the later sense may also reflect *brьzgati.

(intransitive) to popple → to strew, to drizzle (for liquid)

(reflexive) (+ *sę) to burst, to spew (for liquid, mucus)


brězgati

brězgnǫti (perfective)
brězganьje (noun-from-verb)
brězgati (infinitive)
brězgatъ (supine)
brězgalъ (l-participle)
brězganъ (participle passive past)
brězgajemъ (participle passive present)
brězgavъ (active participle past)
brězgaję (active participle present)
brězgaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
brězga (aorist second-person singular)
brězga (aorist singular third-person)
brězgajǫ (first-person present singular)
brězgaješi (present second-person singular)
brězgajetь (present singular third-person)
brězgaxově (aorist dual first-person)
brězgasta (aorist dual second-person)
brězgaste (aorist dual third-person)
brězgajevě (dual first-person present)
brězgajeta (dual present second-person)
brězgajete (dual present third-person)
brězgaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
brězgaste (aorist plural second-person)
brězgašę (aorist plural third-person)
brězgajemъ (first-person plural present)
brězgajete (plural present second-person)
brězgajǫtь (plural present third-person)
brězgaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
brězgaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
brězgaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
brězgaji (imperative second-person singular)
brězgaji (imperative singular third-person)
brězgaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
brězgaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
brězgaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
brězgajivě (dual first-person imperative)
brězgajita (dual imperative second-person)
brězgaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
brězgaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
brězgaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
brězgajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
brězgajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: брѣзгати (brězgati)

Russian: брезга́ть (brezgátʹ)

Ukrainian: бре́згати (brézhaty)

Possibly a dialectal variation of *brьzgati, attested only in East Slavic. Perhaps, reflects the inchoative of Proto-Indo-European *bʰreHg- (“to rot, to stink”) + *-skati. Could be akin to Proto-Germanic *brēkijaną (“to stink”), Proto-Celtic *bragyeti (“flatulate”).

der

→ (by extension) to be disgusted


brězgati

West Slavic:

Slovak: brizgac (dialectal)

Derived from *brězgъ (“dawn, daybreak”) + *-ati. Probably related to Proto-Germanic *berhtaz (“bright”), Proto-Celtic *berxtos (“bright”), Sanskrit भ्राजते (bhrājate), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵ- (“to gleam”) (in the case of Slavic - metathesized).