verditi

verďenьje (noun-from-verb)
verditi (infinitive)
verditъ (supine)
verdilъ (l-participle)
verďenъ (participle passive past)
verdimъ (participle passive present)
verďь (active participle past)
verdę (active participle present)
verdixъ (aorist first-person singular)
verdi (aorist second-person singular)
verdi (aorist singular third-person)
verďǫ (first-person present singular)
verdiši (present second-person singular)
verditь (present singular third-person)
verdixově (aorist dual first-person)
verdista (aorist dual second-person)
verdiste (aorist dual third-person)
verdivě (dual first-person present)
verdita (dual present second-person)
verdite (dual present third-person)
verdixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
verdiste (aorist plural second-person)
verdišę (aorist plural third-person)
verdimъ (first-person plural present)
verdite (plural present second-person)
verdętь (plural present third-person)
verďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
verďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
verďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
verdi (imperative second-person singular)
verdi (imperative singular third-person)
verďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
verďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
verďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
verdivě (dual first-person imperative)
verdita (dual imperative second-person)
verďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
verďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
verďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
verdimъ (first-person imperative plural)
verdite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вереди́ти (veredíti)

Old Ruthenian: вереди́ти (veredíti)

Belarusian: верадзі́ць (vjeradzícʹ)

Ukrainian: вереди́ти (veredýty)

Russian: вереди́ть (veredítʹ)

South Slavic

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: врѣдити (vrěditi)

Bulgarian: вредя̀ (vredjà)

Macedonian:

⇒ Macedonian: повреди (povredi), навреди (navredi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: вредити

Latin script: vrediti

Slovene: vrẹ́diti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: vřediti

Polish: wrzedzić


liceměrъ

liceměrъ (nominative singular)
liceměra (dual nominative)
liceměri (nominative plural)
liceměra (genitive singular)
liceměru (dual genitive)
liceměrъ (genitive plural)
liceměru (dative singular)
liceměroma (dative dual)
liceměromъ (dative plural)
liceměrъ (accusative singular)
liceměra (accusative dual)
liceměry (accusative plural)
liceměrъmь (instrumental singular)
liceměromь (instrumental singular)
liceměroma (dual instrumental)
liceměry (instrumental plural)
liceměrě (locative singular)
liceměru (dual locative)
liceměrěxъ (locative plural)
liceměre (singular vocative)
liceměra (dual vocative)
liceměri (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: лицемѣръ (liceměrŭ)

Russian: лицеме́р (licemér)

Ukrainian: лицемі́р (lycemír)

South Slavic

Old Church Slavonic:

desc

Old Cyrillic script: лицемѣръ (liceměrŭ)

Bulgarian: лицемѐр (licemèr)

Macedonian: ли́цемер (lícemer)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ли̏цемер, ли̏цемјер

Cyrillic script: ли̏цемер, ли̏цемјер

Latin script: lȉcemer, lȉcemjer

Slovene: licemér (tonal orthography)


axъkati

axъkanьje (noun-from-verb)
axъkati (infinitive)
axъkatъ (supine)
axъkalъ (l-participle)
axъkavъ (active participle past)
axъkaję (active participle present)
axъkaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
axъka (aorist second-person singular)
axъka (aorist singular third-person)
axъkajǫ (first-person present singular)
axъkaješi (present second-person singular)
axъkajetь (present singular third-person)
axъkaxově (aorist dual first-person)
axъkasta (aorist dual second-person)
axъkaste (aorist dual third-person)
axъkajevě (dual first-person present)
axъkajeta (dual present second-person)
axъkajete (dual present third-person)
axъkaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
axъkaste (aorist plural second-person)
axъkašę (aorist plural third-person)
axъkajemъ (first-person plural present)
axъkajete (plural present second-person)
axъkajǫtь (plural present third-person)
axъkaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
axъkaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
axъkaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
axъkaji (imperative second-person singular)
axъkaji (imperative singular third-person)
axъkaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
axъkaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
axъkaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
axъkajivě (dual first-person imperative)
axъkajita (dual imperative second-person)
axъkaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
axъkaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
axъkaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
axъkajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
axъkajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: а́хкаць (áxkacʹ)

Ukrainian: а́хкати (áxkaty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: а́xкам (áxkam)

West Slavic:

Czech: achkati

Slovak: achkať


axati

axanьje (noun-from-verb)
axati (infinitive)
axatъ (supine)
axalъ (l-participle)
axavъ (active participle past)
axaję (active participle present)
axaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
axa (aorist second-person singular)
axa (aorist singular third-person)
axajǫ (first-person present singular)
axaješi (present second-person singular)
axajetь (present singular third-person)
axaxově (aorist dual first-person)
axasta (aorist dual second-person)
axaste (aorist dual third-person)
axajevě (dual first-person present)
axajeta (dual present second-person)
axajete (dual present third-person)
axaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
axaste (aorist plural second-person)
axašę (aorist plural third-person)
axajemъ (first-person plural present)
axajete (plural present second-person)
axajǫtь (plural present third-person)
axaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
axaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
axaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
axaji (imperative second-person singular)
axaji (imperative singular third-person)
axaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
axaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
axaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
axajivě (dual first-person imperative)
axajita (dual imperative second-person)
axaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
axaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
axaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
axajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
axajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: а́хать (áxatʹ)

Ukrainian: а́хати (áxaty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: а́xам (áxam)

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: ȁhati

Cyrillic script: а̏хати

Slovene: áhati

West Slavic:

Czech: achat

Polish: achać


trǫsiti

trǫšenьje (noun-from-verb)
trǫsiti (infinitive)
trǫsitъ (supine)
trǫsilъ (l-participle)
trǫšenъ (participle passive past)
trǫsimъ (participle passive present)
trǫšь (active participle past)
trǫsę (active participle present)
trǫsixъ (aorist first-person singular)
trǫsi (aorist second-person singular)
trǫsi (aorist singular third-person)
trǫšǫ (first-person present singular)
trǫsiši (present second-person singular)
trǫsitь (present singular third-person)
trǫsixově (aorist dual first-person)
trǫsista (aorist dual second-person)
trǫsiste (aorist dual third-person)
trǫsivě (dual first-person present)
trǫsita (dual present second-person)
trǫsite (dual present third-person)
trǫsixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
trǫsiste (aorist plural second-person)
trǫsišę (aorist plural third-person)
trǫsimъ (first-person plural present)
trǫsite (plural present second-person)
trǫsętь (plural present third-person)
trǫšaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
trǫšaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
trǫšaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
trǫsi (imperative second-person singular)
trǫsi (imperative singular third-person)
trǫšaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
trǫšaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
trǫšaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
trǫsivě (dual first-person imperative)
trǫsita (dual imperative second-person)
trǫšaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
trǫšaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
trǫšaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
trǫsimъ (first-person imperative plural)
trǫsite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: труси́ть (trusítʹ)

Ukrainian: труси́ти (trusýty)

South Slavic

Bulgarian: тръ́ся (trǎ́sja) (dialectal)

Slovene: trȯ́siti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic

Czech: trousit

⇒ Polish: trząsać

Slovak: trúsiť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: trusyć


xytiti

xyťenьje (noun-from-verb)
xytiti (infinitive)
xytitъ (supine)
xytilъ (l-participle)
xyťenъ (participle passive past)
xytimъ (participle passive present)
xyťь (active participle past)
xytę (active participle present)
xytixъ (aorist first-person singular)
xyti (aorist second-person singular)
xyti (aorist singular third-person)
xyťǫ (first-person present singular)
xytiši (present second-person singular)
xytitь (present singular third-person)
xytixově (aorist dual first-person)
xytista (aorist dual second-person)
xytiste (aorist dual third-person)
xytivě (dual first-person present)
xytita (dual present second-person)
xytite (dual present third-person)
xytixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
xytiste (aorist plural second-person)
xytišę (aorist plural third-person)
xytimъ (first-person plural present)
xytite (plural present second-person)
xytętь (plural present third-person)
xyťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
xyťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
xyťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
xyti (imperative second-person singular)
xyti (imperative singular third-person)
xyťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
xyťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
xyťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
xytivě (dual first-person imperative)
xytita (dual imperative second-person)
xyťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
xyťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
xyťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
xytimъ (first-person imperative plural)
xytite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: хꙑтити (xytiti)

Glagolitic script: ⱈⱏⰹⱅⰺⱅⰺ (xytiti)

⇒ Bulgarian: похитя̀ (pohitjà)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: хи̏тити

Latin script: hititi (to throw)

West Slavic

Czech: chytit

Old Polish: chycić

Polish: chwycić (contaminated by *xvatiti), chycić

Slovak: сhуtiť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: chyśiś

Upper Sorbian: chyćić

From *xytъ + *-iti.
Related to *xvatati (“to grasp”).


xyliti

xyľenьje (noun-from-verb)
xyliti (infinitive)
xylitъ (supine)
xylilъ (l-participle)
xyľenъ (participle passive past)
xylimъ (participle passive present)
xyľь (active participle past)
xylę (active participle present)
xylixъ (aorist first-person singular)
xyli (aorist second-person singular)
xyli (aorist singular third-person)
xyľǫ (first-person present singular)
xyliši (present second-person singular)
xylitь (present singular third-person)
xylixově (aorist dual first-person)
xylista (aorist dual second-person)
xyliste (aorist dual third-person)
xylivě (dual first-person present)
xylita (dual present second-person)
xylite (dual present third-person)
xylixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
xyliste (aorist plural second-person)
xylišę (aorist plural third-person)
xylimъ (first-person plural present)
xylite (plural present second-person)
xylętь (plural present third-person)
xyľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
xyľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
xyľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
xyli (imperative second-person singular)
xyli (imperative singular third-person)
xyľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
xyľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
xyľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
xylivě (dual first-person imperative)
xylita (dual imperative second-person)
xyľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
xyľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
xyľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
xylimъ (first-person imperative plural)
xylite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: хiлíць (xilícʹ)

Russian: хили́ть (xilítʹ) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: хили́ти (xylýty)

South Slavic

Slovene: híliti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic

Kashubian: chilëc

Old Czech: chýliti

Czech: chýlit

Old Polish: chylić

Polish: chylić

Slovak: chyliť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: chyliś

Upper Sorbian: khilić

to contort, to succumb (to give away under pressure)

to tilt, to slant (in the direction of an applied force)


pъrskati

pъrs(k)nǫti (perfective)
pъrskanьje (noun-from-verb)
pъrskati (infinitive)
pъrskatъ (supine)
pъrskalъ (l-participle)
pъrskanъ (participle passive past)
pъrskajemъ (participle passive present)
pъrskavъ (active participle past)
pъrskaję (active participle present)
pъrskaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
pъrska (aorist second-person singular)
pъrska (aorist singular third-person)
pъrskajǫ (first-person present singular)
pъrskaješi (present second-person singular)
pъrskajetь (present singular third-person)
pъrskaxově (aorist dual first-person)
pъrskasta (aorist dual second-person)
pъrskaste (aorist dual third-person)
pъrskajevě (dual first-person present)
pъrskajeta (dual present second-person)
pъrskajete (dual present third-person)
pъrskaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pъrskaste (aorist plural second-person)
pъrskašę (aorist plural third-person)
pъrskajemъ (first-person plural present)
pъrskajete (plural present second-person)
pъrskajǫtь (plural present third-person)
pъrskaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pъrskaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pъrskaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pъrskaji (imperative second-person singular)
pъrskaji (imperative singular third-person)
pъrskaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pъrskaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pъrskaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pъrskajivě (dual first-person imperative)
pъrskajita (dual imperative second-person)
pъrskaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pъrskaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pъrskaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pъrskajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
pъrskajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

Belarusian: по́рскаць (pórskacʹ)

Russian: по́рскать (pórskatʹ)

Ukrainian: порска́ти (porskáty), порська́ти (porsʹkáty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: пръскам (prǎskam)

Macedonian: прска (prska)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пр́скати

Latin script: pŕskati

Slovene: pŕskati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic

Czech: prskat

Old Polish: parskać

Polish: parskać

Slovak: prskať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: parskaś

Upper Sorbian: porskać

Akin to Latvian pùrskât and Lithuanian pur̃kšti.

(intransitive) to chortle?, to snicker?, to snort?, to sputter?


buxati

buxnǫti (perfective)
buxanьje (noun-from-verb)
buxati (infinitive)
buxatъ (supine)
buxalъ (l-participle)
buxanъ (participle passive past)
buxajemъ (participle passive present)
buxavъ (active participle past)
buxaję (active participle present)
buxaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
buxa (aorist second-person singular)
buxa (aorist singular third-person)
buxajǫ (first-person present singular)
buxaješi (present second-person singular)
buxajetь (present singular third-person)
buxaxově (aorist dual first-person)
buxasta (aorist dual second-person)
buxaste (aorist dual third-person)
buxajevě (dual first-person present)
buxajeta (dual present second-person)
buxajete (dual present third-person)
buxaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
buxaste (aorist plural second-person)
buxašę (aorist plural third-person)
buxajemъ (first-person plural present)
buxajete (plural present second-person)
buxajǫtь (plural present third-person)
buxaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
buxaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
buxaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
buxaji (imperative second-person singular)
buxaji (imperative singular third-person)
buxaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
buxaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
buxaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
buxajivě (dual first-person imperative)
buxajita (dual imperative second-person)
buxaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
buxaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
buxaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
buxajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
buxajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

Belarusian: бу́хаць (búxacʹ)

Russian: бу́хать (búxatʹ)

Ukrainian: бу́хати (búxaty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бу́хам (búham)

Macedonian: бува (buva)

⇒ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бу́хнути

Latin script: buhnuti

Slovene: búhati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic

Czech: bouchat

Polish: buchać

Slovak: búchať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: buchaś

Upper Sorbian: buchać

Onomatopoeic. Has been compared to Ancient Greek βύᾱς (búās), Latin būbō, Latvian baũkš and Old Armenian բու (bu).


xъrkati

xъrknǫti (perfective)
xъrkanьje (noun-from-verb)
xъrkati (infinitive)
xъrkatъ (supine)
xъrkalъ (l-participle)
xъrkanъ (participle passive past)
xъrčemъ (participle passive present)
xъrkavъ (active participle past)
xъrčę (active participle present)
xъrkaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
xъrka (aorist second-person singular)
xъrka (aorist singular third-person)
xъrčǫ (first-person present singular)
xъrčeši (present second-person singular)
xъrčetь (present singular third-person)
xъrkaxově (aorist dual first-person)
xъrkasta (aorist dual second-person)
xъrkaste (aorist dual third-person)
xъrčevě (dual first-person present)
xъrčeta (dual present second-person)
xъrčete (dual present third-person)
xъrkaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
xъrkaste (aorist plural second-person)
xъrkašę (aorist plural third-person)
xъrčemъ (first-person plural present)
xъrčete (plural present second-person)
xъrčǫtь (plural present third-person)
xъrkaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
xъrkaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
xъrkaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
xъrči (imperative second-person singular)
xъrči (imperative singular third-person)
xъrkaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
xъrkaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
xъrkaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
xъrčivě (dual first-person imperative)
xъrčita (dual imperative second-person)
xъrkaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
xъrkaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
xъrkaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
xъrčimъ (first-person imperative plural)
xъrčite (imperative plural second-person)
xъrkanьje (noun-from-verb)
xъrkati (infinitive)
xъrkatъ (supine)
xъrkalъ (l-participle)
xъrkanъ (participle passive past)
xъrkajemъ (participle passive present)
xъrkavъ (active participle past)
xъrkaję (active participle present)
xъrkaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
xъrka (aorist second-person singular)
xъrka (aorist singular third-person)
xъrkajǫ (first-person present singular)
xъrkaješi (present second-person singular)
xъrkajetь (present singular third-person)
xъrkaxově (aorist dual first-person)
xъrkasta (aorist dual second-person)
xъrkaste (aorist dual third-person)
xъrkajevě (dual first-person present)
xъrkajeta (dual present second-person)
xъrkajete (dual present third-person)
xъrkaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
xъrkaste (aorist plural second-person)
xъrkašę (aorist plural third-person)
xъrkajemъ (first-person plural present)
xъrkajete (plural present second-person)
xъrkajǫtь (plural present third-person)
xъrkaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
xъrkaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
xъrkaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
xъrkaji (imperative second-person singular)
xъrkaji (imperative singular third-person)
xъrkaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
xъrkaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
xъrkaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
xъrkajivě (dual first-person imperative)
xъrkajita (dual imperative second-person)
xъrkaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
xъrkaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
xъrkaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
xъrkajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
xъrkajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: хо́ркаць (xórkacʹ)

Russian: хо́ркать (xórkatʹ)

Ukrainian: хо́ркати (xórkaty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: хъ́ркам (hǎ́rkam)

Macedonian: ’рчи (’rči), ’рка (’rka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: хр́кати

Latin script: hŕkati

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: hȓcati, hŕkati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic

Czech: chrčet, chrkat

Polish: charchać, charczeć, charkać

Silesian: charkać

Slovak: chrčať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: charchaś

(intransitive) to grunt?, to snore?, to snort?, to wheeze?


ščęditi

ščęďenьje (noun-from-verb)
ščęditi (infinitive)
ščęditъ (supine)
ščędilъ (l-participle)
ščęďenъ (participle passive past)
ščędimъ (participle passive present)
ščęďь (active participle past)
ščędę (active participle present)
ščędixъ (aorist first-person singular)
ščędi (aorist second-person singular)
ščędi (aorist singular third-person)
ščęďǫ (first-person present singular)
ščędiši (present second-person singular)
ščęditь (present singular third-person)
ščędixově (aorist dual first-person)
ščędista (aorist dual second-person)
ščędiste (aorist dual third-person)
ščędivě (dual first-person present)
ščędita (dual present second-person)
ščędite (dual present third-person)
ščędixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
ščędiste (aorist plural second-person)
ščędišę (aorist plural third-person)
ščędimъ (first-person plural present)
ščędite (plural present second-person)
ščędętь (plural present third-person)
ščęďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
ščęďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
ščęďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
ščędi (imperative second-person singular)
ščędi (imperative singular third-person)
ščęďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
ščęďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
ščęďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
ščędivě (dual first-person imperative)
ščędita (dual imperative second-person)
ščęďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
ščęďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
ščęďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
ščędimъ (first-person imperative plural)
ščędite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: щадѣти (ščaděti)

desc

Old Ruthenian: щадити (ščaditi), щадѣти (ščaděti)

Belarusian: шчадзі́цца (ščadzícca) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: щади́ти (ščadýty)

Russian: щади́ть (ščadítʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: щѧдѣти

Glagolitic script: [Term?]

Bulgarian: щадя́ (štadjá)

Macedonian: штеди (štedi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ште́дети, ште́дјети

Cyrillic script: ште́дети, ште́дјети

Latin script: štédeti, štédjeti

Slovene: štéditi (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

⇒ Czech: оšt’ádati (dialectal)

Polish: szczędzić

Slovak: šťadiť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: šćedźić


bьrlati

East Slavic:

Belarusian: барля́ць (barljácʹ) (dialectal)

Russian: барля́ть (barljátʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бр́љати, пр́љати, бу̀рлати, бу̀рљати, барли́jати

Latin script: bŕljati, pŕljati, bùrlati, bùrljati, barlíjati

Slovene: brljáti (tonal orthography); berljati (archaic)

West Slavic:

Slovak: bŕľať, brlať

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear, to carry”).


konьčiti

konьčenьje (noun-from-verb)
konьčiti (infinitive)
konьčitъ (supine)
konьčilъ (l-participle)
konьčenъ (participle passive past)
konьčimъ (participle passive present)
konьčь (active participle past)
konьčę (active participle present)
konьčixъ (aorist first-person singular)
konьči (aorist second-person singular)
konьči (aorist singular third-person)
konьčǫ (first-person present singular)
konьčiši (present second-person singular)
konьčitь (present singular third-person)
konьčixově (aorist dual first-person)
konьčista (aorist dual second-person)
konьčiste (aorist dual third-person)
konьčivě (dual first-person present)
konьčita (dual present second-person)
konьčite (dual present third-person)
konьčixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
konьčiste (aorist plural second-person)
konьčišę (aorist plural third-person)
konьčimъ (first-person plural present)
konьčite (plural present second-person)
konьčętь (plural present third-person)
konьčaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
konьčaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
konьčaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
konьči (imperative second-person singular)
konьči (imperative singular third-person)
konьčaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
konьčaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
konьčaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
konьčivě (dual first-person imperative)
konьčita (dual imperative second-person)
konьčaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
konьčaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
konьčaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
konьčimъ (first-person imperative plural)
konьčite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ко́нчыць (kónčycʹ)

Russian: ко́нчить (kónčitʹ)

Ukrainian: кінчи́ти (kinčýty)

South Slavic:

⇒ Macedonian: ско́нчи (skónči)

West Slavic:

Czech: končit

Polish: kończyć

Slovak: končiť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kónčić

Lower Sorbian: kóńcyś


kortiti

korťenьje (noun-from-verb)
kortiti (infinitive)
kortitъ (supine)
kortilъ (l-participle)
korťenъ (participle passive past)
kortimъ (participle passive present)
korťь (active participle past)
kortę (active participle present)
kortixъ (aorist first-person singular)
korti (aorist second-person singular)
korti (aorist singular third-person)
korťǫ (first-person present singular)
kortiši (present second-person singular)
kortitь (present singular third-person)
kortixově (aorist dual first-person)
kortista (aorist dual second-person)
kortiste (aorist dual third-person)
kortivě (dual first-person present)
kortita (dual present second-person)
kortite (dual present third-person)
kortixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kortiste (aorist plural second-person)
kortišę (aorist plural third-person)
kortimъ (first-person plural present)
kortite (plural present second-person)
kortętь (plural present third-person)
korťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
korťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
korťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
korti (imperative second-person singular)
korti (imperative singular third-person)
korťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
korťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
korťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kortivě (dual first-person imperative)
kortita (dual imperative second-person)
korťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
korťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
korťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kortimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kortite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: караціць (karacicʹ)

⇒ Belarusian: скараці́ць (skaracícʹ)

⇒ Russian: сократи́ть (sokratítʹ)

Ukrainian: короти́ти (korotýty)

⇒ Ukrainian: скороти́ти (skorotýty)

South Slavic

Bulgarian: кратя (kratja) (dialectal)

Macedonian: крати (krati)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кра́тити

Latin script: krátiti

Slovene: krátiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic

Czech: krátit

Polish: krócić (obsolete)

Slovak: krátiť


rarati

raranьje (noun-from-verb)
rarati (infinitive)
raratъ (supine)
raralъ (l-participle)
raravъ (active participle past)
raraję (active participle present)
raraxъ (aorist first-person singular)
rara (aorist second-person singular)
rara (aorist singular third-person)
rarajǫ (first-person present singular)
raraješi (present second-person singular)
rarajetь (present singular third-person)
raraxově (aorist dual first-person)
rarasta (aorist dual second-person)
raraste (aorist dual third-person)
rarajevě (dual first-person present)
rarajeta (dual present second-person)
rarajete (dual present third-person)
raraxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
raraste (aorist plural second-person)
rarašę (aorist plural third-person)
rarajemъ (first-person plural present)
rarajete (plural present second-person)
rarajǫtь (plural present third-person)
raraaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
raraaše (imperfect second-person singular)
raraaše (imperfect singular third-person)
raraji (imperative second-person singular)
raraji (imperative singular third-person)
raraaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
raraašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
raraašete (dual imperfect third-person)
rarajivě (dual first-person imperative)
rarajita (dual imperative second-person)
raraaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
raraašete (imperfect plural second-person)
raraaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
rarajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
rarajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

desc

⇒ Cyrillic script: раракати (“to argue”) (dated)

⇒ Latin script: rarakati (“to argue”) (dated)

West Slavic:

⇒ Czech: rarachotiti (“to chirp”)

Polish: rarać (“sing (about a lark)”) (dialectal)

be:Генадзь Апанасавіч Цыхун
uk:Мельничук Олександр Савич


goněti

goně̀ti (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
goněnьje (noun-from-verb)
goněti (infinitive)
gonětъ (supine)
gonělъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
goněnъ (participle passive past)
gonějemъ (participle passive present)
goněvъ (active participle past)
goněję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
goněxъ (aorist first-person singular)
goně (aorist second-person singular)
goně (aorist singular third-person)
gonějǫ (first-person present singular)
goněješi (present second-person singular)
gonějetь (present singular third-person)
goněxově (aorist dual first-person)
goněsta (aorist dual second-person)
goněste (aorist dual third-person)
gonějevě (dual first-person present)
gonějeta (dual present second-person)
gonějete (dual present third-person)
goněxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
goněste (aorist plural second-person)
goněšę (aorist plural third-person)
gonějemъ (first-person plural present)
gonějete (plural present second-person)
gonějǫtь (plural present third-person)
goněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
goněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
goněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
goněji (imperative second-person singular)
goněji (imperative singular third-person)
goněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
goněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
goněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gonějivě (dual first-person imperative)
gonějita (dual imperative second-person)
goněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
goněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
goněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gonějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
gonějite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: гонѣти (goněti)

Glagolitic script: ⰳⱁⱀⱑⱅⰺ (goněti)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ganētei. Cognate with Lithuanian ganėti (“to suffice”). Perhaps derived from an earlier adverb Proto-Balto-Slavic *ganāˀ (“enough”) + *-ěti, whence Lithuanian ganà (“enough, rather”). Further origin uncertain (possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“to strike”)).

cog

(South Slavic, intransitive) to suffice, to be enough


gomoniti

gomoňenьje (noun-from-verb)
gomoniti (infinitive)
gomonitъ (supine)
gomonilъ (l-participle)
gomoňenъ (participle passive past)
gomonimъ (participle passive present)
gomoňь (active participle past)
gomonę (active participle present)
gomonixъ (aorist first-person singular)
gomoni (aorist second-person singular)
gomoni (aorist singular third-person)
gomoňǫ (first-person present singular)
gomoniši (present second-person singular)
gomonitь (present singular third-person)
gomonixově (aorist dual first-person)
gomonista (aorist dual second-person)
gomoniste (aorist dual third-person)
gomonivě (dual first-person present)
gomonita (dual present second-person)
gomonite (dual present third-person)
gomonixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gomoniste (aorist plural second-person)
gomonišę (aorist plural third-person)
gomonimъ (first-person plural present)
gomonite (plural present second-person)
gomonętь (plural present third-person)
gomoňaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gomoňaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gomoňaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gomoni (imperative second-person singular)
gomoni (imperative singular third-person)
gomoňaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gomoňaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gomoňaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gomonivě (dual first-person imperative)
gomonita (dual imperative second-person)
gomoňaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gomoňaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gomoňaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gomonimъ (first-person imperative plural)
gomonite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: гомони́ть (gomonítʹ)

Ukrainian: гомонíти (homoníty)

West Slavic

Czech: homonit

Polish: gomonić

Slovak: homoniť

Orel compares Proto-Germanic *gamaną (“pleasure, fun, game, enjoyment”).


grimati

grimàti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
grimanьje (noun-from-verb)
grimati (infinitive)
grimatъ (supine)
grimalъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
grimavъ (active participle past)
grimaję (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
grimaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
grima (aorist second-person singular)
grima (aorist singular third-person)
grimajǫ (first-person present singular)
grimaješi (present second-person singular)
grimajetь (present singular third-person)
grimaxově (aorist dual first-person)
grimasta (aorist dual second-person)
grimaste (aorist dual third-person)
grimajevě (dual first-person present)
grimajeta (dual present second-person)
grimajete (dual present third-person)
grimaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
grimaste (aorist plural second-person)
grimašę (aorist plural third-person)
grimajemъ (first-person plural present)
grimajete (plural present second-person)
grimajǫtь (plural present third-person)
grimaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
grimaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
grimaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
grimaji (imperative second-person singular)
grimaji (imperative singular third-person)
grimaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
grimaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
grimaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
grimajivě (dual first-person imperative)
grimajita (dual imperative second-person)
grimaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
grimaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
grimaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
grimajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
grimajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: грима́ти (grimáti)

Middle Russian: грима́ти (grimáti)

Carpathian Rusyn: гри́мати (hrýmaty)

Ukrainian: гри́мати (hrýmaty)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: грима̏ти

Latin script: grimȁti

Slovene: grȋmati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hřímati

Czech: hřímat

Slovak: hrímať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: hrimać

Lower Sorbian: grimaś


vъzkrьsnǫti

vъzkrьsenьje (noun-from-verb)
vъzkrьsnǫti (infinitive)
vъzkrьsnǫtъ (supine)
vъzkrьslъ (l-participle)
vъzkrьsenъ (participle passive past)
vъzkrьsnomъ (participle passive present)
vъzkrьsъ (active participle past)
vъzkrьsny (active participle present)
vъzkrьsъ (aorist first-person singular)
vъzkrьsoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
vъzkrьse (aorist second-person singular)
vъzkrьse (aorist singular third-person)
vъzkrьsnǫ (first-person present singular)
vъzkrьsneši (present second-person singular)
vъzkrьsnetь (present singular third-person)
vъzkrьsově (aorist dual first-person)
vъzkrьsoxově (aorist dual first-person)
vъzkrьseta (aorist dual second-person)
vъzkrьsosta (aorist dual second-person)
vъzkrьsete (aorist dual third-person)
vъzkrьsoste (aorist dual third-person)
vъzkrьsnevě (dual first-person present)
vъzkrьsneta (dual present second-person)
vъzkrьsnete (dual present third-person)
vъzkrьsomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vъzkrьsoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vъzkrьsete (aorist plural second-person)
vъzkrьsoste (aorist plural second-person)
vъzkrьsǫ (aorist plural third-person)
vъzkrьsošę (aorist plural third-person)
vъzkrьsnemъ (first-person plural present)
vъzkrьsnete (plural present second-person)
vъzkrьsnǫtь (plural present third-person)
vъzkrьsněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vъzkrьsněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vъzkrьsněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vъzkrьsni (imperative second-person singular)
vъzkrьsni (imperative singular third-person)
vъzkrьsněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vъzkrьsněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vъzkrьsněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vъzkrьsněvě (dual first-person imperative)
vъzkrьsněta (dual imperative second-person)
vъzkrьsněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vъzkrьsněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vъzkrьsněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vъzkrьsněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
vъzkrьsněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: въскрьснути (vŭskrĭsnuti)

воскре́снути

Old Ruthenian: воскре́снути (voskrésnuti)

уваскрэ́снуць

Belarusian: уваскрэ́снуць (uvaskrésnucʹ)

воскре́снути

Ukrainian: воскре́снути (voskrésnuty)

воскре́снуть

Russian: воскре́снуть (voskrésnutʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: въскрьснѫти (vŭskrĭsnǫti)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⱏⱄⰽⱃⱐⱄⱀⱘⱅⰻ (vŭskrĭsnǫti)

Bulgarian: възкръ́сна (vǎzkrǎ́sna)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: у̀скрснути

Latin script: ùskrsnuti

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vzkřesnúti

Polish: wskrzesnąć (obsolete)

vъzkrьsnǫti otъ mьrtvъjixъ


xvatiti

xvaťenьje (noun-from-verb)
xvatiti (infinitive)
xvatitъ (supine)
xvatilъ (l-participle)
xvaťenъ (participle passive past)
xvatimъ (participle passive present)
xvaťь (active participle past)
xvatę (active participle present)
xvatixъ (aorist first-person singular)
xvati (aorist second-person singular)
xvati (aorist singular third-person)
xvaťǫ (first-person present singular)
xvatiši (present second-person singular)
xvatitь (present singular third-person)
xvatixově (aorist dual first-person)
xvatista (aorist dual second-person)
xvatiste (aorist dual third-person)
xvativě (dual first-person present)
xvatita (dual present second-person)
xvatite (dual present third-person)
xvatixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
xvatiste (aorist plural second-person)
xvatišę (aorist plural third-person)
xvatimъ (first-person plural present)
xvatite (plural present second-person)
xvatętь (plural present third-person)
xvaťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
xvaťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
xvaťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
xvati (imperative second-person singular)
xvati (imperative singular third-person)
xvaťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
xvaťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
xvaťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
xvativě (dual first-person imperative)
xvatita (dual imperative second-person)
xvaťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
xvaťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
xvaťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
xvatimъ (first-person imperative plural)
xvatite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: хватити (xvatiti)

Old Ruthenian: хвати́ти (xvatíti)

Belarusian: хваці́ць (xvacícʹ)

Ukrainian: хвати́ти (xvatýty)

Russian: хвати́ть (xvatítʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: хватити (xvatiti)

Glagolitic script: ⱈⰲⰰⱅⰺⱅⰺ (xvatiti)

Bulgarian: хващам (hvaštam), хва́тя (hvátja) (obsolete, dialectal)

Macedonian: фати (fati)

Slovene: hvátiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: chvátit (literary)

Polish: chwacić (obsolete)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: khwóćić

Lower Sorbian: chwaśyś (obsolete)

Causative counterpart to *xvatъ (“grip”) + *-iti.


sъkryti

sъkryvati (imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
sъkrytьje (noun-from-verb)
sъkryti (infinitive)
sъkrytъ (supine)
sъkrylъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
sъkrytъ (participle passive past)
sъkryjemъ (participle passive present)
sъkryvъ (active participle past)
sъkryję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
sъkryxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sъkry (aorist second-person singular)
sъkry (aorist singular third-person)
sъkryjǫ (first-person present singular)
sъkryješi (present second-person singular)
sъkryjetь (present singular third-person)
sъkryxově (aorist dual first-person)
sъkrysta (aorist dual second-person)
sъkryste (aorist dual third-person)
sъkryjevě (dual first-person present)
sъkryjeta (dual present second-person)
sъkryjete (dual present third-person)
sъkryxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sъkryste (aorist plural second-person)
sъkryšę (aorist plural third-person)
sъkryjemъ (first-person plural present)
sъkryjete (plural present second-person)
sъkryjǫtь (plural present third-person)
sъkryjaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sъkryjaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sъkryjaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sъkryji (imperative second-person singular)
sъkryji (imperative singular third-person)
sъkryjaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sъkryjaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sъkryjaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sъkryjivě (dual first-person imperative)
sъkryjita (dual imperative second-person)
sъkryjaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sъkryjaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sъkryjaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sъkryjimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sъkryjite (imperative plural second-person)

pl:Kazimierz Polański
pl:Tadeusz Lehr-Spławiński

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: съкрꙑти (sŭkryti)

Old Ruthenian: скры́ти (skrýti)

Belarusian: скрыць (skrycʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: скры́ти (skrŷ́ty)

Ukrainian: скри́ти (skrýty)

Russian: скрыть (skrytʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: съкрꙑти (sŭkryti)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱏⰽⱃⱏⰺⱅⰺ (sŭkryti)

Bulgarian: скри́я (skríja)

Macedonian: сокрие (sokrie)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: са̀крити, скри̏ти

Latin script: sàkriti, skrȉti

Slovene: skríti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: skrýti, zkrýti

Czech: skrýt

Polabian: såkrĕt

Old Polish: skryć

Polish: skryć

Slovak: skryť

Slovincian: skrac, skrȧ̃c

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: skryć

Lower Sorbian: zekšyś; skšyś (dated, dialectal)

(reflexive) (+ *sę) to hide, to be under cover


dariti

dařenьje (noun-from-verb)
dariti (infinitive)
daritъ (supine)
darilъ (l-participle)
dařenъ (participle passive past)
darimъ (participle passive present)
dařь (active participle past)
darę (active participle present)
darixъ (aorist first-person singular)
dari (aorist second-person singular)
dari (aorist singular third-person)
dařǫ (first-person present singular)
dariši (present second-person singular)
daritь (present singular third-person)
darixově (aorist dual first-person)
darista (aorist dual second-person)
dariste (aorist dual third-person)
darivě (dual first-person present)
darita (dual present second-person)
darite (dual present third-person)
darixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dariste (aorist plural second-person)
darišę (aorist plural third-person)
darimъ (first-person plural present)
darite (plural present second-person)
darętь (plural present third-person)
dařaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dařaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dařaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dari (imperative second-person singular)
dari (imperative singular third-person)
dařaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dařaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dařaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
darivě (dual first-person imperative)
darita (dual imperative second-person)
dařaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dařaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dařaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
darimъ (first-person imperative plural)
darite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дарити (dariti)

Old Ruthenian: дари́ти (daríti), дары́ти (darýti)

Belarusian: дары́ць (darýcʹ)

Ukrainian: дари́ти (darýty)

Russian: дари́ть (darítʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: дарити (dariti)

Glagolitic script: ⰴⰰⱃⰺⱅⰺ (dariti)

Bulgarian: даря́ (darjá), да́ра (dára)

Macedonian: дари (dari)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: да́рити (obsolete)

Latin script: dáriti (obsolete)

Slovene: daríti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dařiti

Czech: dařit

Polish: darzyć

Slovak: dariť

Slovincian: darzëc

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: dariś

Upper Sorbian: darić


nenaviděti

nenaviděnьje (noun-from-verb)
nenaviděti (infinitive)
nenavidětъ (supine)
nenavidělъ (l-participle)
nenaviděnъ (participle passive past)
nenavidimъ (participle passive present)
nenaviděvъ (active participle past)
nenavidę (active participle present)
nenaviděxъ (aorist first-person singular)
nenavidě (aorist second-person singular)
nenavidě (aorist singular third-person)
nenaviďǫ (first-person present singular)
nenavidiši (present second-person singular)
nenaviditь (present singular third-person)
nenaviděxově (aorist dual first-person)
nenaviděsta (aorist dual second-person)
nenaviděste (aorist dual third-person)
nenavidivě (dual first-person present)
nenavidita (dual present second-person)
nenavidite (dual present third-person)
nenaviděxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
nenaviděste (aorist plural second-person)
nenaviděšę (aorist plural third-person)
nenavidimъ (first-person plural present)
nenavidite (plural present second-person)
nenavidętь (plural present third-person)
nenaviděaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
nenaviděaše (imperfect second-person singular)
nenaviděaše (imperfect singular third-person)
nenavidi (imperative second-person singular)
nenavidi (imperative singular third-person)
nenaviděaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
nenaviděašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
nenaviděašete (dual imperfect third-person)
nenavidivě (dual first-person imperative)
nenavidita (dual imperative second-person)
nenaviděaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
nenaviděašete (imperfect plural second-person)
nenaviděaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
nenavidimъ (first-person imperative plural)
nenavidite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old Ruthenian: ненавидѣти (nenaviděti), ненавидити (nenaviditi)

ненаві́дзець

Belarusian: ненаві́дзець (njenavídzjecʹ)

Ukrainian: нена́видіти (nenávydity), ненави́діти (nenavýdity)

Russian: ненави́деть (nenavídetʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: ненавидѣти (nenaviděti)

Glagolitic script: ⱀⰵⱀⰰⰲⰺⰴⱑⱅⰺ (nenaviděti)

Bulgarian: ненави́ждам (nenavíždam)

Serbo-Croatian:

нена́видјети

Cyrillic script: нена́видети, нена́видјети

Latin script: nenávideti, nenávidjeti

Slovene: nenavídeti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: nenávidět

Kashubian: nienawidzec

Old Polish: nienawidzieć

Polish: nienawidzić, nienawidzieć (proscribed)

Silesian: niynawidzić

Slovak: nenávidieť

From *ne + *naviděti (“to look upon with pleasure”), from *viděti. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to see”).


prǫžiti

prǫženьje (noun-from-verb)
prǫžiti (infinitive)
prǫžitъ (supine)
prǫžilъ (l-participle)
prǫženъ (participle passive past)
prǫžimъ (participle passive present)
prǫžь (active participle past)
prǫžę (active participle present)
prǫžixъ (aorist first-person singular)
prǫži (aorist second-person singular)
prǫži (aorist singular third-person)
prǫžǫ (first-person present singular)
prǫžiši (present second-person singular)
prǫžitь (present singular third-person)
prǫžixově (aorist dual first-person)
prǫžista (aorist dual second-person)
prǫžiste (aorist dual third-person)
prǫživě (dual first-person present)
prǫžita (dual present second-person)
prǫžite (dual present third-person)
prǫžixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
prǫžiste (aorist plural second-person)
prǫžišę (aorist plural third-person)
prǫžimъ (first-person plural present)
prǫžite (plural present second-person)
prǫžętь (plural present third-person)
prǫžaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
prǫžaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
prǫžaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
prǫži (imperative second-person singular)
prǫži (imperative singular third-person)
prǫžaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
prǫžaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
prǫžaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
prǫživě (dual first-person imperative)
prǫžita (dual imperative second-person)
prǫžaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
prǫžaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
prǫžaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
prǫžimъ (first-person imperative plural)
prǫžite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: пру́жыць (prúžycʹ)

Russian: пру́жить (prúžitʹ)

Ukrainian: пру́жити (prúžyty)

→ Polish: prużyć

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: пру́жим (prúžim) (dialectal)

Macedonian: пружи (pruži)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пру̏жити

Latin script: prȕžiti

Slovene: próžiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: pružit

Polish: prężyć

Slovak: pružiť


stǫpiti

stǫpľenьje (noun-from-verb)
stǫpiti (infinitive)
stǫpitъ (supine)
stǫpilъ (l-participle)
stǫpľenъ (participle passive past)
stǫpimъ (participle passive present)
stǫpľь (active participle past)
stǫpę (active participle present)
stǫpixъ (aorist first-person singular)
stǫpi (aorist second-person singular)
stǫpi (aorist singular third-person)
stǫpľǫ (first-person present singular)
stǫpiši (present second-person singular)
stǫpitь (present singular third-person)
stǫpixově (aorist dual first-person)
stǫpista (aorist dual second-person)
stǫpiste (aorist dual third-person)
stǫpivě (dual first-person present)
stǫpita (dual present second-person)
stǫpite (dual present third-person)
stǫpixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
stǫpiste (aorist plural second-person)
stǫpišę (aorist plural third-person)
stǫpimъ (first-person plural present)
stǫpite (plural present second-person)
stǫpętь (plural present third-person)
stǫpľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
stǫpľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
stǫpľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
stǫpi (imperative second-person singular)
stǫpi (imperative singular third-person)
stǫpľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
stǫpľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
stǫpľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
stǫpivě (dual first-person imperative)
stǫpita (dual imperative second-person)
stǫpľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
stǫpľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
stǫpľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
stǫpimъ (first-person imperative plural)
stǫpite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: стѫпити (stǫpiti), ступити (stupiti)

Old Ruthenian: ступити (stupiti)

Belarusian: ступі́ць (stupícʹ)

Ukrainian: ступи́ти (stupýty)

Russian: ступи́ть (stupítʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: стѫпити (stǫpiti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сту́пити

Latin script: stúpiti

West Slavic:

Czech: stoupit (obsolete)

Polish: stąpić (dated)

Slovak: stúpiť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: stupić

Lower Sorbian: stupiś

From the same root as *stǫpenь (“step, stair”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *stebʰ- (“to support, to stand still”).


žitъčiti

žitъčenьje (noun-from-verb)
žitъčiti (infinitive)
žitъčitъ (supine)
žitъčilъ (l-participle)
žitъčenъ (participle passive past)
žitъčimъ (participle passive present)
žitъčь (active participle past)
žitъčę (active participle present)
žitъčixъ (aorist first-person singular)
žitъči (aorist second-person singular)
žitъči (aorist singular third-person)
žitъčǫ (first-person present singular)
žitъčiši (present second-person singular)
žitъčitь (present singular third-person)
žitъčixově (aorist dual first-person)
žitъčista (aorist dual second-person)
žitъčiste (aorist dual third-person)
žitъčivě (dual first-person present)
žitъčita (dual present second-person)
žitъčite (dual present third-person)
žitъčixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
žitъčiste (aorist plural second-person)
žitъčišę (aorist plural third-person)
žitъčimъ (first-person plural present)
žitъčite (plural present second-person)
žitъčętь (plural present third-person)
žitъčaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
žitъčaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
žitъčaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
žitъči (imperative second-person singular)
žitъči (imperative singular third-person)
žitъčaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
žitъčaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
žitъčaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
žitъčivě (dual first-person imperative)
žitъčita (dual imperative second-person)
žitъčaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
žitъčaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
žitъčaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
žitъčimъ (first-person imperative plural)
žitъčite (imperative plural second-person)

West Slavic:

Czech: žičiti (dialectal)

Kashubian: żëczëc

Old Polish: życzyć

Polish: życzyć

desc

→ Old Ruthenian: зы́чыти (zýčyti), зы́чити (zýčiti), зи́чити (zíčiti)

Belarusian: зы́чыць (zýčycʹ)

Ukrainian: зи́чити (zýčyty); жи́чити (žýčyty) (dialectal)

→ Middle Russian: зы́чити (zýčiti) (16-17ᵗʰ c.)

Russian: зы́чить (zýčitʹ) (dialectal)

Slovak: žičiť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: žičić

Lower Sorbian: žycyś

Back-formation from *požitъčiti. May have been formed in post-Proto-Slavic.


požitъčiti

požitъčenьje (noun-from-verb)
požitъčiti (infinitive)
požitъčitъ (supine)
požitъčilъ (l-participle)
požitъčenъ (participle passive past)
požitъčimъ (participle passive present)
požitъčь (active participle past)
požitъčę (active participle present)
požitъčixъ (aorist first-person singular)
požitъči (aorist second-person singular)
požitъči (aorist singular third-person)
požitъčǫ (first-person present singular)
požitъčiši (present second-person singular)
požitъčitь (present singular third-person)
požitъčixově (aorist dual first-person)
požitъčista (aorist dual second-person)
požitъčiste (aorist dual third-person)
požitъčivě (dual first-person present)
požitъčita (dual present second-person)
požitъčite (dual present third-person)
požitъčixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
požitъčiste (aorist plural second-person)
požitъčišę (aorist plural third-person)
požitъčimъ (first-person plural present)
požitъčite (plural present second-person)
požitъčętь (plural present third-person)
požitъčaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
požitъčaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
požitъčaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
požitъči (imperative second-person singular)
požitъči (imperative singular third-person)
požitъčaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
požitъčaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
požitъčaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
požitъčivě (dual first-person imperative)
požitъčita (dual imperative second-person)
požitъčaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
požitъčaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
požitъčaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
požitъčimъ (first-person imperative plural)
požitъčite (imperative plural second-person)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: požitčiti

Czech: půjčit

Kashubian: pożëczëc

Old Polish: pożyczyć

Polish: pożyczyć

→ Old Ruthenian: позы́чыти (pozýčyti), позы́чити (pozýčiti), пози́чити (pozíčiti)

Belarusian: пазы́чыць (pazýčycʹ), позы́чыць (pozýčycʹ)

Ukrainian: пози́чити (pozýčyty)

→ Middle Russian: позы́чити (pozýčiti) (14ᵗʰ c.)

Russian: позы́чить (pozýčitʹ) (dialectal)

Slovak: požičať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: požycyś

From *požitъkъ (“use, profit, utility, usefulness”) + *-iti. May have been formed in post-Proto-Slavic.


turiti

turnǫti (perfective)
tuřenьje (noun-from-verb)
turiti (infinitive)
turitъ (supine)
turilъ (l-participle)
tuřenъ (participle passive past)
turimъ (participle passive present)
tuřь (active participle past)
turę (active participle present)
turixъ (aorist first-person singular)
turi (aorist second-person singular)
turi (aorist singular third-person)
tuřǫ (first-person present singular)
turiši (present second-person singular)
turitь (present singular third-person)
turixově (aorist dual first-person)
turista (aorist dual second-person)
turiste (aorist dual third-person)
turivě (dual first-person present)
turita (dual present second-person)
turite (dual present third-person)
turixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
turiste (aorist plural second-person)
turišę (aorist plural third-person)
turimъ (first-person plural present)
turite (plural present second-person)
turętь (plural present third-person)
tuřaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tuřaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tuřaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
turi (imperative second-person singular)
turi (imperative singular third-person)
tuřaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tuřaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tuřaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
turivě (dual first-person imperative)
turita (dual imperative second-person)
tuřaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tuřaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tuřaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
turimъ (first-person imperative plural)
turite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: туры́ць (turýcʹ)

Russian: тури́ть (turítʹ) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: тури́ти (turýty)

South Slavic

desc

⇒ Bulgarian: ту́ркам (túrkam) (dialectal) (+ *-ъkati)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ту̏рити, ту́рати

Latin script: tȕriti, túrati

Slovene: túrati (tonal orthography) (with a-conjugation)

Uncertain:
* Skok: Possibly of expressive or onomatopoeic origin.
* Sobolevsky: Related to Proto-Slavic *turъ (“auroch”), perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tew- (“to strike, to push”). Dismissed by Vasmer.


turiti

tuřati (imperfective)
tuřenьje (noun-from-verb)
turiti (infinitive)
turitъ (supine)
turilъ (l-participle)
tuřenъ (participle passive past)
tuřь (active participle past)
turixъ (aorist first-person singular)
turi (aorist second-person singular)
turi (aorist singular third-person)
tuřǫ (first-person present singular)
turiši (present second-person singular)
turitь (present singular third-person)
turixově (aorist dual first-person)
turista (aorist dual second-person)
turiste (aorist dual third-person)
turivě (dual first-person present)
turita (dual present second-person)
turite (dual present third-person)
turixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
turiste (aorist plural second-person)
turišę (aorist plural third-person)
turimъ (first-person plural present)
turite (plural present second-person)
turętь (plural present third-person)
turi (imperative second-person singular)
turi (imperative singular third-person)
turivě (dual first-person imperative)
turita (dual imperative second-person)
turimъ (first-person imperative plural)
turite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic

Bulgarian: ту́ря (túrja)

Macedonian: тури (turi)

Per Mladenov, possibly of Proto-Balto-Slavic origin, akin to stative Lithuanian turėti (“to have”), Latvian turēt (“to hold”).
Some authors equate the perfective verb with Etymology 1, however, in view of the semantic mismatch between Bulgarian туря́м (turjám, “to put, to place”) versus вту́рвам се (vtúrvam se, “to rush, to dart”) (the later descendant from *turnǫti pf (“to chase”)) the two homophones most likely are unrelated.

cog

(regional) to provide, to put, to set up


vajati

a (accent-paradigm)
vajanьje (noun-from-verb)
vajati (infinitive)
vajatъ (supine)
vajalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
vajanъ (participle passive past)
vajemъ (participle passive present)
vajavъ (active participle past)
vaję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
vajaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
vaja (aorist second-person singular)
vaja (aorist singular third-person)
vajǫ (first-person present singular)
vaješi (present second-person singular)
vajetь (present singular third-person)
vajaxově (aorist dual first-person)
vajasta (aorist dual second-person)
vajaste (aorist dual third-person)
vajevě (dual first-person present)
vajeta (dual present second-person)
vajete (dual present third-person)
vajaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vajaste (aorist plural second-person)
vajašę (aorist plural third-person)
vajemъ (first-person plural present)
vajete (plural present second-person)
vajǫtь (plural present third-person)
vajaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vajaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vajaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vaji (imperative second-person singular)
vaji (imperative singular third-person)
vajaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vajaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vajaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vajivě (dual first-person imperative)
vajita (dual imperative second-person)
vajaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vajaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vajaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
vajite (imperative plural second-person)
a (accent-paradigm)
vajanьje (noun-from-verb)
vajati (infinitive)
vajatъ (supine)
vajalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
vajanъ (participle passive past)
vajajemъ (participle passive present)
vajavъ (active participle past)
vajaję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
vajaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
vaja (aorist second-person singular)
vaja (aorist singular third-person)
vajajǫ (first-person present singular)
vajaješi (present second-person singular)
vajajetь (present singular third-person)
vajaxově (aorist dual first-person)
vajasta (aorist dual second-person)
vajaste (aorist dual third-person)
vajajevě (dual first-person present)
vajajeta (dual present second-person)
vajajete (dual present third-person)
vajaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vajaste (aorist plural second-person)
vajašę (aorist plural third-person)
vajajemъ (first-person plural present)
vajajete (plural present second-person)
vajajǫtь (plural present third-person)
vajaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vajaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vajaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vajaji (imperative second-person singular)
vajaji (imperative singular third-person)
vajaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vajaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vajaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vajajivě (dual first-person imperative)
vajajita (dual imperative second-person)
vajaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vajaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vajaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vajajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
vajajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ваꙗти (vajati)

→ Old East Slavic: ваꙗти (vajati)

Old Ruthenian: ваꙗ́ти (vajáti)

Russian: вая́ть (vajátʹ)

Bulgarian: ва́я (vája), ва́ям (vájam)

Macedonian: ва́ја (vája)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ва́јати

Latin script: vájati

Possibly related via ablaut to Proto-Slavic *viti (“to turn, to curve”), *vojь (“turn, twist”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁y- (“to twist, to weave”). Nearly exact match is Sanskrit वयति (vayati, “to spin, to weave”) from standard thematic Proto-Indo-European *wéh₁y-e-ti, however, this etymology is inconsistent with the o-grade of the Slavic verb.
Only the antiquity of South Slavic descendants is certain. On this account, Georgiev does not exclude borrowing from Oghur, from Proto-Turkic *ōy- (“to carve, to peck”) (whence Turkish oymak (“to cut”)).


polti

b (accent-paradigm)
poltьje (noun-from-verb)
polti (infinitive)
poltъ (supine)
pollъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
poltъ (participle passive past)
poľemъ (participle passive present)
polvъ (active participle past)
poľę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
polsъ (aorist first-person singular)
pol (aorist second-person singular)
pol (aorist singular third-person)
poľǫ (first-person present singular)
poľeši (present second-person singular)
poľetь (present singular third-person)
polsově (aorist dual first-person)
polsta (aorist dual second-person)
polste (aorist dual third-person)
poľevě (dual first-person present)
poľeta (dual present second-person)
poľete (dual present third-person)
polsomъ (aorist first-person plural)
polste (aorist plural second-person)
polsę (aorist plural third-person)
poľemъ (first-person plural present)
poľete (plural present second-person)
poľǫtь (plural present third-person)
poľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
poľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
poľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
poľi (imperative second-person singular)
poľi (imperative singular third-person)
poľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
poľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
poľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
poľivě (dual first-person imperative)
poľita (dual imperative second-person)
poľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
poľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
poľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
poľimъ (first-person imperative plural)
poľite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Slovene: pláti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Polish: płóć

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: płóć

From Proto-Indo-European *pelH-, according to Skok more particularly from *pelh₁- (“to fill, to wrap up”). Probably akin to Lithuanian pìlti (“to pour”).


polti

South Slavic:

Slovene: pláti (tonal orthography) (dialectal)


myliti

Slavic (North)
myľenьje (noun-from-verb)
myliti (infinitive)
mylitъ (supine)
mylilъ (l-participle)
myľenъ (participle passive past)
mylimъ (participle passive present)
myľь (active participle past)
mylę (active participle present)
mylixъ (aorist first-person singular)
myli (aorist second-person singular)
myli (aorist singular third-person)
myľǫ (first-person present singular)
myliši (present second-person singular)
mylitь (present singular third-person)
mylixově (aorist dual first-person)
mylista (aorist dual second-person)
myliste (aorist dual third-person)
mylivě (dual first-person present)
mylita (dual present second-person)
mylite (dual present third-person)
mylixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
myliste (aorist plural second-person)
mylišę (aorist plural third-person)
mylimъ (first-person plural present)
mylite (plural present second-person)
mylętь (plural present third-person)
myľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
myľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
myľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
myli (imperative second-person singular)
myli (imperative singular third-person)
myľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
myľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
myľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mylivě (dual first-person imperative)
mylita (dual imperative second-person)
myľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
myľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
myľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mylimъ (first-person imperative plural)
mylite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old Ruthenian: мыли́ти (mylíti)

Belarusian: мыля́ць (myljácʹ); мыли́цьца (mylícʹca)

Ukrainian: мили́ти (mylýty)

Russian: мы́лить (mýlitʹ)

West Slavic

Old Czech: mýliti

Czech: mýlit

Polish: mylić

Slovak: mýliť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: mylić

Upper Sorbian: moliś

By surface analysis, *mylo (“fault”) + *-iti (attested in Belarusian мыло́ (myló, “fallacity”)). Further origin - unclear.
Trubačev (ESSJa) hypothesizes descent from Proto-Indo-European *mel- (“lie, malice”), related within Balto-Slavic with Lithuanian mẽlas (“lie”), muldýti (“to talk nonsense”), Latvian muldêt (“to babble, to twaddle”), possibly Proto-Slavic *molmoliti (“to murmur, to gurgle”). Doubted by Vasmer.


vьrati

c (accent-paradigm)
vьranьje (noun-from-verb)
vьrati (infinitive)
vьratъ (supine)
vьralъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
vьranъ (participle passive past)
vьromъ (participle passive present)
vьravъ (active participle past)
vьry (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
vьraxъ (aorist first-person singular)
vьra (aorist second-person singular)
vьra (aorist singular third-person)
vьrǫ (first-person present singular)
vьreši (present second-person singular)
vьretь (present singular third-person)
vьraxově (aorist dual first-person)
vьrasta (aorist dual second-person)
vьraste (aorist dual third-person)
vьrevě (dual first-person present)
vьreta (dual present second-person)
vьrete (dual present third-person)
vьraxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vьraste (aorist plural second-person)
vьrašę (aorist plural third-person)
vьremъ (first-person plural present)
vьrete (plural present second-person)
vьrǫtь (plural present third-person)
vьraaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vьraaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vьraaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vьri (imperative second-person singular)
vьri (imperative singular third-person)
vьraaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vьraašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vьraašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vьrěvě (dual first-person imperative)
vьrěta (dual imperative second-person)
vьraaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vьraašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vьraaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vьrěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
vьrěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: врать (vratʹ)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian: (with re-analyzed conjugation)

Cyrillic script: ва̏рати

Latin script: vȁrati

From Proto-Indo-European *werh₁- (“to speak”) or onomatopoeic.

der

(secondary) to lie, to deceive, to swindle


plǫtati

Slavic (North)
plǫtanьje (noun-from-verb)
plǫtati (infinitive)
plǫtatъ (supine)
plǫtalъ (l-participle)
plǫtanъ (participle passive past)
plǫtajemъ (participle passive present)
plǫtavъ (active participle past)
plǫtaję (active participle present)
plǫtaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
plǫta (aorist second-person singular)
plǫta (aorist singular third-person)
plǫtajǫ (first-person present singular)
plǫtaješi (present second-person singular)
plǫtajetь (present singular third-person)
plǫtaxově (aorist dual first-person)
plǫtasta (aorist dual second-person)
plǫtaste (aorist dual third-person)
plǫtajevě (dual first-person present)
plǫtajeta (dual present second-person)
plǫtajete (dual present third-person)
plǫtaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
plǫtaste (aorist plural second-person)
plǫtašę (aorist plural third-person)
plǫtajemъ (first-person plural present)
plǫtajete (plural present second-person)
plǫtajǫtь (plural present third-person)
plǫtaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
plǫtaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
plǫtaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
plǫtaji (imperative second-person singular)
plǫtaji (imperative singular third-person)
plǫtaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
plǫtaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
plǫtaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
plǫtajivě (dual first-person imperative)
plǫtajita (dual imperative second-person)
plǫtaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
plǫtaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
plǫtaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
plǫtajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
plǫtajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: плу́таць (plútacʹ)

Russian: плута́ть (plutátʹ)

Ukrainian: плу́тати (plútaty)

West Slavic:

Old Polish: plątać (with e-grade)

Polish: plątać, plętać

→ Ukrainian: пльо́нтати (plʹóntaty), пле́нтати (pléntaty)

From the root of Proto-Slavic *plęsti (“to tangle”), *plǫtъ (“swindle”) + *-ati.


peľati

peľanьje (noun-from-verb)
peľati (infinitive)
peľatъ (supine)
peľalъ (l-participle)
peľanъ (participle passive past)
peľajemъ (participle passive present)
peľavъ (active participle past)
peľaję (active participle present)
peľaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
peľa (aorist second-person singular)
peľa (aorist singular third-person)
peľajǫ (first-person present singular)
peľaješi (present second-person singular)
peľajetь (present singular third-person)
peľaxově (aorist dual first-person)
peľasta (aorist dual second-person)
peľaste (aorist dual third-person)
peľajevě (dual first-person present)
peľajeta (dual present second-person)
peľajete (dual present third-person)
peľaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
peľaste (aorist plural second-person)
peľašę (aorist plural third-person)
peľajemъ (first-person plural present)
peľajete (plural present second-person)
peľajǫtь (plural present third-person)
peľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
peľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
peľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
peľaji (imperative second-person singular)
peľaji (imperative singular third-person)
peľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
peľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
peľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
peľajivě (dual first-person imperative)
peľajita (dual imperative second-person)
peľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
peľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
peľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
peľajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
peľajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: пеле́я (peléja) (dialectal)

⇒ Bulgarian: пиле́я (piléja), пи́лям (píljam, “to misspend, to squander”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пѐљати

Latin script: pèljati

Slovene: peljáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Polish: pielać (“to hurry”)

Slovak: peľať

From Proto-Indo-European *pelh₂- (“to propel, to drive”), via obsolescent *pelti + *-jati. The later is attested in obsolete Slovene plẹ́ti (1p. sg. pres. pelem).
The Bulgarian descendant has merged with the reflex of unrelated Proto-Slavic *pylěti, *pyľati (“to dissipate”).


kvapiti

kvapľenьje (noun-from-verb)
kvapiti (infinitive)
kvapitъ (supine)
kvapilъ (l-participle)
kvapľenъ (participle passive past)
kvapimъ (participle passive present)
kvapľь (active participle past)
kvapę (active participle present)
kvapixъ (aorist first-person singular)
kvapi (aorist second-person singular)
kvapi (aorist singular third-person)
kvapľǫ (first-person present singular)
kvapiši (present second-person singular)
kvapitь (present singular third-person)
kvapixově (aorist dual first-person)
kvapista (aorist dual second-person)
kvapiste (aorist dual third-person)
kvapivě (dual first-person present)
kvapita (dual present second-person)
kvapite (dual present third-person)
kvapixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kvapiste (aorist plural second-person)
kvapišę (aorist plural third-person)
kvapimъ (first-person plural present)
kvapite (plural present second-person)
kvapętь (plural present third-person)
kvapľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kvapľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kvapľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kvapi (imperative second-person singular)
kvapi (imperative singular third-person)
kvapľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kvapľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kvapľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kvapivě (dual first-person imperative)
kvapita (dual imperative second-person)
kvapľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kvapľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kvapľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kvapimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kvapite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Belarusian: ква́піць (kvápicʹ), ква́піцца (kvápicca)

Russian: ква́пить (kvápitʹ), ква́питься (kvápitʹsja)

Ukrainian: ква́пити (kvápyty), ква́питися (kvápytysja)

South Slavic:

Slovene: kvapiti, kvapati

West Slavic

Czech: kvapit

Old Polish: kwapić

Polish: kwapić (archaic)

Slovak: kvapať

Equivalent to *kvapъ (“tension, charge, urge”) + *-iti, from Proto-Indo-European *kwep- (“to boil”). Akin to Lithuanian kvapi̇̀nti, kvapýti (“to scent”).

af

(probably originally) to set loose, to discharge, to release (pressure, stress, tension)


tvьrditi

tvьrďenьje (noun-from-verb)
tvьrditi (infinitive)
tvьrditъ (supine)
tvьrdilъ (l-participle)
tvьrďenъ (participle passive past)
tvьrdimъ (participle passive present)
tvьrďь (active participle past)
tvьrdę (active participle present)
tvьrdixъ (aorist first-person singular)
tvьrdi (aorist second-person singular)
tvьrdi (aorist singular third-person)
tvьrďǫ (first-person present singular)
tvьrdiši (present second-person singular)
tvьrditь (present singular third-person)
tvьrdixově (aorist dual first-person)
tvьrdista (aorist dual second-person)
tvьrdiste (aorist dual third-person)
tvьrdivě (dual first-person present)
tvьrdita (dual present second-person)
tvьrdite (dual present third-person)
tvьrdixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tvьrdiste (aorist plural second-person)
tvьrdišę (aorist plural third-person)
tvьrdimъ (first-person plural present)
tvьrdite (plural present second-person)
tvьrdętь (plural present third-person)
tvьrďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tvьrďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tvьrďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
tvьrdi (imperative second-person singular)
tvьrdi (imperative singular third-person)
tvьrďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tvьrďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tvьrďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tvьrdivě (dual first-person imperative)
tvьrdita (dual imperative second-person)
tvьrďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tvьrďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tvьrďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tvьrdimъ (first-person imperative plural)
tvьrdite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: тверди́ть (tverdítʹ)

Ukrainian: тве́рдити (tvérdyty)

South Slavic

Old Church Slavonic:

desc

Old Cyrillic script: тврьдити (tvrĭditi)

Bulgarian: твърдя̀ (tvǎrdjà)

Macedonian: тврди (tvrdi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: твр́дити

Latin script: tvŕditi

West Slavic

Old Czech: tvrditi

Czech: tvrdit

desctree

Old Polish: twierdzić
Polish: twierdzić
Silesian: twiyrdzić

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: cwierdzëc

Old Slovak:

Pannonian Rusyn: твердзиц (tverdzic)

From *tvьrdъ + *-iti. Compare Latin firmo for semantic development.


(s)mǫditi

(s)mǫdìti (canonical imperfective)
mǫďenьje (noun-from-verb)
smǫďenьje (noun-from-verb)
mǫditi (infinitive)
smǫditi (infinitive)
mǫditъ (supine)
smǫditъ (supine)
mǫdilъ (l-participle)
smǫdilъ (l-participle)
mǫďenъ (participle passive past)
smǫďenъ (participle passive past)
mǫdimъ (participle passive present)
smǫdimъ (participle passive present)
mǫďь (active participle past)
smǫďь (active participle past)
mǫdę (active participle present)
smǫdę (active participle present)
mǫdixъ (aorist first-person singular)
smǫdixъ (aorist first-person singular)
mǫdi (aorist second-person singular)
smǫdi (aorist second-person singular)
mǫdi (aorist singular third-person)
smǫdi (aorist singular third-person)
mǫďǫ (first-person present singular)
smǫďǫ (first-person present singular)
mǫdiši (present second-person singular)
smǫdiši (present second-person singular)
mǫditь (present singular third-person)
smǫditь (present singular third-person)
mǫdixově (aorist dual first-person)
smǫdixově (aorist dual first-person)
mǫdista (aorist dual second-person)
smǫdista (aorist dual second-person)
mǫdiste (aorist dual third-person)
smǫdiste (aorist dual third-person)
mǫdivě (dual first-person present)
smǫdivě (dual first-person present)
mǫdita (dual present second-person)
smǫdita (dual present second-person)
mǫdite (dual present third-person)
smǫdite (dual present third-person)
mǫdixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
smǫdixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mǫdiste (aorist plural second-person)
smǫdiste (aorist plural second-person)
mǫdišę (aorist plural third-person)
smǫdišę (aorist plural third-person)
mǫdimъ (first-person plural present)
smǫdimъ (first-person plural present)
mǫdite (plural present second-person)
smǫdite (plural present second-person)
mǫdętь (plural present third-person)
smǫdętь (plural present third-person)
mǫďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
smǫďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mǫďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
smǫďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mǫďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
smǫďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
mǫdi (imperative second-person singular)
smǫdi (imperative second-person singular)
mǫdi (imperative singular third-person)
smǫdi (imperative singular third-person)
mǫďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
smǫďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mǫďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
smǫďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mǫďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
smǫďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mǫdivě (dual first-person imperative)
smǫdivě (dual first-person imperative)
mǫdita (dual imperative second-person)
smǫdita (dual imperative second-person)
mǫďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
smǫďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mǫďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
smǫďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mǫďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
smǫďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mǫdimъ (first-person imperative plural)
smǫdimъ (first-person imperative plural)
mǫdite (imperative plural second-person)
smǫdite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Carpathian Rusyn: смудити (smudyty) (Lemko region)

Ukrainian: сму́дитися (smúdytysja) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: смъдя́ (smǎdjá)

Macedonian: смади (smadi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: му̏дити, сму́дити

Latin script: mȕditi, smúditi

Slovene: smodīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: mudit, smoudit

⇒ Czech: čmoudit

Polish: smądzić (dialectal), smędzić (dialectal), swędzić

Slovak: smudiť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: smuźiś

Upper Sorbian: smudźić

Snoj presumes contamination of Proto-Slavic *vǫditi (“to dwindle”) (perhaps akin with Proto-Germanic *swindaną (“to dwindle”)) and *smola (“resin”).

muditi

whence unrelated Old Church Slavonic мѫдити (mǫditi)


krěti

krětьje (noun-from-verb)
krěti (infinitive)
krětъ (supine)
krělъ (l-participle)
krětъ (participle passive past)
krějemъ (participle passive present)
krěvъ (active participle past)
krěję (active participle present)
krěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
krě (aorist second-person singular)
krě (aorist singular third-person)
krějǫ (first-person present singular)
krěješi (present second-person singular)
krějetь (present singular third-person)
krěxově (aorist dual first-person)
krěsta (aorist dual second-person)
krěste (aorist dual third-person)
krějevě (dual first-person present)
krějeta (dual present second-person)
krějete (dual present third-person)
krěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
krěste (aorist plural second-person)
krěšę (aorist plural third-person)
krějemъ (first-person plural present)
krějete (plural present second-person)
krějǫtь (plural present third-person)
krěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
krěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
krěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
krěji (imperative second-person singular)
krěji (imperative singular third-person)
krěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
krěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
krěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
krějivě (dual first-person imperative)
krějita (dual imperative second-person)
krěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
krěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
krěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
krějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
krějite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

>? Russian: хрять (xrjatʹ, “to feel sick”) (dialectal, listed as a descendant in ESSJa)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: кре́я (kréja, “to wilt”) (dialectal)

East Slavic:

Russian: крея́ть (krejátʹ, “to improve”) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: крія́ти (krijáty, “to gather strength”)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kříti (“to gather strength”)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: крия́ць (krijácʹ, “to start recovering”)

Ukrainian: крия́ти (kryjáty)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: křáti

⇒ Czech: okřát (“to get better”)

⇒ Slovak: okriať (“to invigorate”)

Hard to identify:
* Matzenauer (in regard to the Czech descendant): Perhaps cognate with Latin creō (“to produce, to beget”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱer- (“to increase”).
* Georgiev (in regard to the Bulgarian descendant): Unlikely related to Lithuanian skriẽti (“to spin, to turn around”), Latvian skriet (“to run”). The latter are akin instead to Proto-Slavic *krivъ (“curved”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krey- (“to revolve”), from *(s)ker-.
Because of the contrastive meanings and the dialectal attestation, there is no certainty if all the descendants are actually cognates.

der

(probably originally) to intensify, to magnify

→ (in Northern languages) to gather strength, to recuperate, to invigorate

→ (in dialectal Bulgarian, Russian) to wilt, to aggravate


nasilovati

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: наси́ловати (nasílovati)
Old Ruthenian: наси́ловати (nasílovati)
Ukrainian: наси́лувати (nasýluvaty)
Russian: наси́ловать (nasílovatʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

desc

Old Cyrillic script: насиловати (nasilovati)

Glagolitic script: ⱀⰰⱄⰺⰾⱁⰲⰰⱅⰺ (nasilovati)

Macedonian: насилува (nasiluva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: насиловати

Latin script: nasilovati

West Slavic:

Old Polish: nasiłować


tъrčati

tъrčanьje (noun-from-verb)
tъrčati (infinitive)
tъrčatъ (supine)
tъrčalъ (l-participle)
tъrčanъ (participle passive past)
tъrčimъ (participle passive present)
tъrčavъ (active participle past)
tъrčę (active participle present)
tъrčaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
tъrča (aorist second-person singular)
tъrča (aorist singular third-person)
tъrčǫ (first-person present singular)
tъrčiši (present second-person singular)
tъrčitь (present singular third-person)
tъrčaxově (aorist dual first-person)
tъrčasta (aorist dual second-person)
tъrčaste (aorist dual third-person)
tъrčivě (dual first-person present)
tъrčita (dual present second-person)
tъrčite (dual present third-person)
tъrčaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tъrčaste (aorist plural second-person)
tъrčašę (aorist plural third-person)
tъrčimъ (first-person plural present)
tъrčite (plural present second-person)
tъrčętь (plural present third-person)
tъrčaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tъrčaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tъrčaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
tъrči (imperative second-person singular)
tъrči (imperative singular third-person)
tъrčaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tъrčaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tъrčaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tъrčivě (dual first-person imperative)
tъrčita (dual imperative second-person)
tъrčaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tъrčaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tъrčaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tъrčimъ (first-person imperative plural)
tъrčite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: търча́ (tǎrčá)

Macedonian: трча (trča) (ja-conjugation)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тр̀чати

Latin script: tr̀čati


juditi

jùditi (canonical)
juďenьje (noun-from-verb)
juditi (infinitive)
juditъ (supine)
judilъ (l-participle)
juďenъ (participle passive past)
judimъ (participle passive present)
juďь (active participle past)
judę (active participle present)
judixъ (aorist first-person singular)
judi (aorist second-person singular)
judi (aorist singular third-person)
juďǫ (first-person present singular)
judiši (present second-person singular)
juditь (present singular third-person)
judixově (aorist dual first-person)
judista (aorist dual second-person)
judiste (aorist dual third-person)
judivě (dual first-person present)
judita (dual present second-person)
judite (dual present third-person)
judixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
judiste (aorist plural second-person)
judišę (aorist plural third-person)
judimъ (first-person plural present)
judite (plural present second-person)
judętь (plural present third-person)
juďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
juďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
juďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
judi (imperative second-person singular)
judi (imperative singular third-person)
juďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
juďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
juďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
judivě (dual first-person imperative)
judita (dual imperative second-person)
juďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
juďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
juďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
judimъ (first-person imperative plural)
judite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old Ruthenian: *ю́дити (*júditi)

Belarusian: ю́дзіць (júdzicʹ)

Ukrainian: ю́дити (júdyty)

→ Polish: judzić

South Slavic

Bulgarian: ю́дя (júdja)

Macedonian: јуда (juda) (< *judati)

Serbo-Croatian: (< *judati)

Cyrillic script: ју̏дати

Latin script: jȕdati

Slovene: júdati (tonal orthography) (< *judati)

West Slavic:

Slovak: juzic (dialectal)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *jaudīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *Hyowdʰéyeti (“to cause to move, become agitated”).


gvizdati

gvizdenьje (noun-from-verb)
gvizdati (infinitive)
gvizdatъ (supine)
gvizdlъ (l-participle)
gvizdъ (active participle past)
gvizďę (active participle present)
gvizdъ (aorist first-person singular)
gvizdoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
gvizde (aorist second-person singular)
gvizde (aorist singular third-person)
gvizďǫ (first-person present singular)
gvizďeši (present second-person singular)
gvizďetь (present singular third-person)
gvizdově (aorist dual first-person)
gvizdoxově (aorist dual first-person)
gvizdeta (aorist dual second-person)
gvizdosta (aorist dual second-person)
gvizdete (aorist dual third-person)
gvizdoste (aorist dual third-person)
gvizďevě (dual first-person present)
gvizďeta (dual present second-person)
gvizďete (dual present third-person)
gvizdomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gvizdoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gvizdete (aorist plural second-person)
gvizdoste (aorist plural second-person)
gvizdǫ (aorist plural third-person)
gvizdošę (aorist plural third-person)
gvizďemъ (first-person plural present)
gvizďete (plural present second-person)
gvizďǫtь (plural present third-person)
gvizďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gvizďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gvizďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gvizďi (imperative second-person singular)
gvizďi (imperative singular third-person)
gvizďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gvizďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gvizďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gvizďivě (dual first-person imperative)
gvizďita (dual imperative second-person)
gvizďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gvizďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gvizďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gvizďimъ (first-person imperative plural)
gvizďite (imperative plural second-person)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hvízdati

Czech: hvízdat

Kashubian: gwizdac

Old Polish: gwizdać

Polish: gwizdać

Slovak: hvízdať

Slovincian: gwjizdac

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: gwizdaś

Upper Sorbian: hwizdać

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

West Slavic form of *zvizdati (“to whistle”)


zvizdati

zviznǫti (perfective)
zvizdanьje (noun-from-verb)
zvizdati (infinitive)
zvizdatъ (supine)
zvizdalъ (l-participle)
zvizdavъ (active participle past)
zvizdaję (active participle present)
zvizdaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
zvizda (aorist second-person singular)
zvizda (aorist singular third-person)
zvizdajǫ (first-person present singular)
zvizdaješi (present second-person singular)
zvizdajetь (present singular third-person)
zvizdaxově (aorist dual first-person)
zvizdasta (aorist dual second-person)
zvizdaste (aorist dual third-person)
zvizdajevě (dual first-person present)
zvizdajeta (dual present second-person)
zvizdajete (dual present third-person)
zvizdaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
zvizdaste (aorist plural second-person)
zvizdašę (aorist plural third-person)
zvizdajemъ (first-person plural present)
zvizdajete (plural present second-person)
zvizdajǫtь (plural present third-person)
zvizdaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
zvizdaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
zvizdaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
zvizdaji (imperative second-person singular)
zvizdaji (imperative singular third-person)
zvizdaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
zvizdaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
zvizdaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
zvizdajivě (dual first-person imperative)
zvizdajita (dual imperative second-person)
zvizdaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
zvizdaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
zvizdaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
zvizdajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
zvizdajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: звиздати (zvizdati)

South Slavic:

Church Slavonic: звиздати (zvizdati)

desc

Bulgarian: зви́здя (zvízdja) (dialectal)

Macedonian: ѕвизди (dzvizdi) (dialectal)

⇒ Macedonian: ѕвиска (dzviska) (+ *-kati)

Serbo-Croatian: (dialectal)

Cyrillic script: звѝздати

Latin script: zvìzdati

Slovene: zvízdati (tonal orthography)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: звѝждати

Latin script: zvìždati

Slovene: žvížgati (tonal orthography)

Derived from Proto-Indo-European *sweysd- (“to hiss”). Compare Latin sibilus (“hissing, whistling”), Hindi सीटी (sīṭī, “whistle”), Ancient Greek σίζω (sízō, “to hiss”).


skreti

skretì (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
skrebenьje (noun-from-verb)
skreti (infinitive)
skretъ (supine)
skreblъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
skrebenъ (participle passive past)
skrebomъ (participle passive present)
skrebъ (active participle past)
skreby (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
skrebъ (aorist first-person singular)
skreboxъ (aorist first-person singular)
skrebe (aorist second-person singular)
skrebe (aorist singular third-person)
skrebǫ (first-person present singular)
skrebeši (present second-person singular)
skrebetь (present singular third-person)
skrebově (aorist dual first-person)
skreboxově (aorist dual first-person)
skrebeta (aorist dual second-person)
skrebosta (aorist dual second-person)
skrebete (aorist dual third-person)
skreboste (aorist dual third-person)
skrebevě (dual first-person present)
skrebeta (dual present second-person)
skrebete (dual present third-person)
skrebomъ (aorist first-person plural)
skreboxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
skrebete (aorist plural second-person)
skreboste (aorist plural second-person)
skrebǫ (aorist plural third-person)
skrebošę (aorist plural third-person)
skrebemъ (first-person plural present)
skrebete (plural present second-person)
skrebǫtь (plural present third-person)
skreběaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
skreběaše (imperfect second-person singular)
skreběaše (imperfect singular third-person)
skrebi (imperative second-person singular)
skrebi (imperative singular third-person)
skreběaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
skreběašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
skreběašete (dual imperfect third-person)
skreběvě (dual first-person imperative)
skreběta (dual imperative second-person)
skreběaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
skreběašete (imperfect plural second-person)
skreběaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
skreběmъ (first-person imperative plural)
skreběte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Belarusian: скрэ́бці (skrébci), скреба́ць (skrjebácʹ)

Russian: скрести́ (skrestí)

Ukrainian: скребти́ (skrebtý)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

⇒ Old Cyrillic script: оскрети (oskreti)

⇒ Slovene: škrebljáti (obsolete, 18 cent.)

From earlier *skrebtì, of Proto-Balto-Slavic origin. Cognate with Latvian skrabt (“to scrape, to comb”), Lithuanian skrebė́ti (“to rasp (of noise)”).
Further origin apparently from Proto-Indo-European *skrebʰ-, probably related via schwebeablaut to *(s)kerbʰ- whence Proto-Slavic *ščьrbati (“to chip, to splinter”). Compare also Proto-Germanic *skrepaną (“to scrape”), *skrubbōną (“to scrub”).


kolěbati

kolěbàti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
kolěbanьje (noun-from-verb)
kolěbati (infinitive)
kolěbatъ (supine)
kolěbalъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
kolěbanъ (participle passive past)
kolěbľemъ (participle passive present)
kolěbavъ (active participle past)
kolěbľę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
kolěbaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kolěba (aorist second-person singular)
kolěba (aorist singular third-person)
kolěbľǫ (first-person present singular)
kolěbľeši (present second-person singular)
kolěbľetь (present singular third-person)
kolěbaxově (aorist dual first-person)
kolěbasta (aorist dual second-person)
kolěbaste (aorist dual third-person)
kolěbľevě (dual first-person present)
kolěbľeta (dual present second-person)
kolěbľete (dual present third-person)
kolěbaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kolěbaste (aorist plural second-person)
kolěbašę (aorist plural third-person)
kolěbľemъ (first-person plural present)
kolěbľete (plural present second-person)
kolěbľǫtь (plural present third-person)
kolěbaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kolěbaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kolěbaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kolěbľi (imperative second-person singular)
kolěbľi (imperative singular third-person)
kolěbaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kolěbaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kolěbaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kolěbľivě (dual first-person imperative)
kolěbľita (dual imperative second-person)
kolěbaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kolěbaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kolěbaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kolěbľimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kolěbľite (imperative plural second-person)
kolěbanьje (noun-from-verb)
kolěbati (infinitive)
kolěbatъ (supine)
kolěbalъ (l-participle)
kolěbanъ (participle passive past)
kolěbajemъ (participle passive present)
kolěbavъ (active participle past)
kolěbaję (active participle present)
kolěbaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kolěba (aorist second-person singular)
kolěba (aorist singular third-person)
kolěbajǫ (first-person present singular)
kolěbaješi (present second-person singular)
kolěbajetь (present singular third-person)
kolěbaxově (aorist dual first-person)
kolěbasta (aorist dual second-person)
kolěbaste (aorist dual third-person)
kolěbajevě (dual first-person present)
kolěbajeta (dual present second-person)
kolěbajete (dual present third-person)
kolěbaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kolěbaste (aorist plural second-person)
kolěbašę (aorist plural third-person)
kolěbajemъ (first-person plural present)
kolěbajete (plural present second-person)
kolěbajǫtь (plural present third-person)
kolěbaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kolěbaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kolěbaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kolěbaji (imperative second-person singular)
kolěbaji (imperative singular third-person)
kolěbaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kolěbaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kolěbaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kolěbajivě (dual first-person imperative)
kolěbajita (dual imperative second-person)
kolěbaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kolěbaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kolěbaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kolěbajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kolěbajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: колѣбати (kolěbati)

desc

Old Ruthenian: колѣбати (kolěbati), колибати (kolibati)

Ukrainian: колiба́ти (kolibáty)

Russian: колеба́ть (kolebátʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: колѣбати (kolěbati)

Glagolitic script: ⰽⱁⰾⱑⰱⰰⱅⰺ (kolěbati)

Bulgarian: колеба́я се (kolebája se)

Macedonian: се колеба (se koleba)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: колѐбати

Latin script: kolèbati

Slovene: kolébati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: kolébat, kolíbat

Old Polish: kolebać, cholebać

Polish: kolebać, kolibać (obsolete); cholebać (dialectal)

Old Slovak: kolébať

Slovak: kolembať; kolíbat (dialectal)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: kólebaś

Upper Sorbian: kolebać