laditi

laďenьje (noun-from-verb)
laditi (infinitive)
laditъ (supine)
ladilъ (l-participle)
laďenъ (participle passive past)
ladimъ (participle passive present)
laďь (active participle past)
ladę (active participle present)
ladixъ (aorist first-person singular)
ladi (aorist second-person singular)
ladi (aorist singular third-person)
laďǫ (first-person present singular)
ladiši (present second-person singular)
laditь (present singular third-person)
ladixově (aorist dual first-person)
ladista (aorist dual second-person)
ladiste (aorist dual third-person)
ladivě (dual first-person present)
ladita (dual present second-person)
ladite (dual present third-person)
ladixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
ladiste (aorist plural second-person)
ladišę (aorist plural third-person)
ladimъ (first-person plural present)
ladite (plural present second-person)
ladętь (plural present third-person)
laďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
laďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
laďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
ladi (imperative second-person singular)
ladi (imperative singular third-person)
laďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
laďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
laďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
ladivě (dual first-person imperative)
ladita (dual imperative second-person)
laďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
laďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
laďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
ladimъ (first-person imperative plural)
ladite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ладити (laditi)

Belarusian: ла́дзіць (ládzicʹ)

Russian: ла́дить (láditʹ)

Ukrainian: ла́дити (ládyty)

West Slavic:

Czech: ladit

Polish: ładzić (obsolete)

By surface analysis, *ladъ (“harmony”) + *-iti.


kymati

kymanьje (noun-from-verb)
kymati (infinitive)
kymatъ (supine)
kymalъ (l-participle)
kymanъ (participle passive past)
kymajemъ (participle passive present)
kymavъ (active participle past)
kymaję (active participle present)
kymaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kyma (aorist second-person singular)
kyma (aorist singular third-person)
kymajǫ (first-person present singular)
kymaješi (present second-person singular)
kymajetь (present singular third-person)
kymaxově (aorist dual first-person)
kymasta (aorist dual second-person)
kymaste (aorist dual third-person)
kymajevě (dual first-person present)
kymajeta (dual present second-person)
kymajete (dual present third-person)
kymaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kymaste (aorist plural second-person)
kymašę (aorist plural third-person)
kymajemъ (first-person plural present)
kymajete (plural present second-person)
kymajǫtь (plural present third-person)
kymaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kymaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kymaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kymaji (imperative second-person singular)
kymaji (imperative singular third-person)
kymaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kymaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kymaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kymajivě (dual first-person imperative)
kymajita (dual imperative second-person)
kymaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kymaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kymaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kymajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kymajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: кѝмам (kìmam)

Macedonian: кима (kima)

Slovene: kímati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: kýmat (dialectal)

Slovak: kynkať

By surface analysis, *kymъ (“node”) + *-ati. Related to *kyvati.


žasiti

žašenьje (noun-from-verb)
žasiti (infinitive)
žasitъ (supine)
žasilъ (l-participle)
žašenъ (participle passive past)
žasimъ (participle passive present)
žašь (active participle past)
žasę (active participle present)
žasixъ (aorist first-person singular)
žasi (aorist second-person singular)
žasi (aorist singular third-person)
žašǫ (first-person present singular)
žasiši (present second-person singular)
žasitь (present singular third-person)
žasixově (aorist dual first-person)
žasista (aorist dual second-person)
žasiste (aorist dual third-person)
žasivě (dual first-person present)
žasita (dual present second-person)
žasite (dual present third-person)
žasixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
žasiste (aorist plural second-person)
žasišę (aorist plural third-person)
žasimъ (first-person plural present)
žasite (plural present second-person)
žasętь (plural present third-person)
žašaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
žašaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
žašaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
žasi (imperative second-person singular)
žasi (imperative singular third-person)
žašaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
žašaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
žašaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
žasivě (dual first-person imperative)
žasita (dual imperative second-person)
žašaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
žašaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
žašaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
žasimъ (first-person imperative plural)
žasite (imperative plural second-person)

West Slavic:

Czech: žasiti

Polabian: zosĕt


řumati

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: рюмати (rjumati)

desc

Belarusian: ру́маць (rúmacʹ) (dialectal); ⇒ ру́мнуць (rúmnucʹ) (dialectal)

⇒ Belarusian: ру́мзаць (rúmzacʹ); рю́мзаць (rjúmzacʹ), рэмзаць (remzacʹ) (dialectal)

⇒? Carpathian Rusyn: рембати (rembaty)

Ukrainian: рю́мати (rjúmaty); ру́мати (rúmaty) (dialectal)

⇒ Ukrainian: рю́мсати (rjúmsaty); ру́мсати (rúmsaty) (dialectal)

Russian: рю́мать (rjúmatʹ) (dialectal); ⇒ рю́мить (rjúmitʹ)

⇒ Russian: рю́мзать (rjúmzatʹ), ру́мсать (rúmsatʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

⇒ Bulgarian: ръмя́ (rǎmjá)

⇒ Bulgarian: ръмоля́ (rǎmoljá); ⇒ ромоля̀ (romoljà); ⇒ ромоня̀ (romonjà)

⇒ Macedonian: ромони (romoni); ⇒ ромоли (romoli)

Serbo-Croatian:

⇒ Cyrillic script: ромѝњати; ⇒ ромо̀рити

⇒ Latin script: romìnjati; ⇒ romòriti

West Slavic:

Polish: rumać

Old Slovak:

⇒ Pannonian Rusyn: румеґац (rumegac)

→ Carpathian Rusyn: румеґати (rumegaty)

⇒ Slovak: rumázgať, rumádzgať; ⇒ rumácať

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: rumac

Sorbian:

⇒ Upper Sorbian: rumpać; ⇒ rumpotać

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ры́маць (rýmacʹ) (dialectal); ⇒ рыме́ць (rymjécʹ) (dialectal)

⇒ Belarusian: ры́мзаць (rýmzacʹ) (dialectal)

⇒ Russian: ры́мзать (rýmzatʹ) (dialectal); ⇒ рымо́нить (rymónitʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: рѝмати

Latin script: rìmati

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *rjauˀmā́ˀtei, *rūˀmā́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rewH-, *h₃ruH- (“to roar”). By surface analysis, *řuma + *-ati. Cognate with Lithuanian riaumóti, riáumoti (“to scold, to shout, to roar”). Compare Old Norse rymja (“to roar”), Ancient Greek ὠρύομαι (ōrúomai, “to howl”).


mьrviti

mьrvľenьje (noun-from-verb)
mьrviti (infinitive)
mьrvitъ (supine)
mьrvilъ (l-participle)
mьrvľenъ (participle passive past)
mьrvimъ (participle passive present)
mьrvľь (active participle past)
mьrvę (active participle present)
mьrvixъ (aorist first-person singular)
mьrvi (aorist second-person singular)
mьrvi (aorist singular third-person)
mьrvľǫ (first-person present singular)
mьrviši (present second-person singular)
mьrvitь (present singular third-person)
mьrvixově (aorist dual first-person)
mьrvista (aorist dual second-person)
mьrviste (aorist dual third-person)
mьrvivě (dual first-person present)
mьrvita (dual present second-person)
mьrvite (dual present third-person)
mьrvixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mьrviste (aorist plural second-person)
mьrvišę (aorist plural third-person)
mьrvimъ (first-person plural present)
mьrvite (plural present second-person)
mьrvętь (plural present third-person)
mьrvľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mьrvľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mьrvľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
mьrvi (imperative second-person singular)
mьrvi (imperative singular third-person)
mьrvľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mьrvľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mьrvľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mьrvivě (dual first-person imperative)
mьrvita (dual imperative second-person)
mьrvľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mьrvľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mьrvľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mьrvimъ (first-person imperative plural)
mьrvite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: мервити (mervyty)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мр̏вити

Latin script: mȑviti

Slovene: mŕviti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: mrvit

Polish: mierzwić, mirwić (dialectal)

Slovak: mrviť, mervic (dialectal)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: mjeŕwić

Lower Sorbian: mjerwiś


proxolditi

proxolďenьje (noun-from-verb)
proxolditi (infinitive)
proxolditъ (supine)
proxoldilъ (l-participle)
proxolďenъ (participle passive past)
proxolďь (active participle past)
proxoldixъ (aorist first-person singular)
proxoldi (aorist second-person singular)
proxoldi (aorist singular third-person)
proxolďǫ (first-person present singular)
proxoldiši (present second-person singular)
proxolditь (present singular third-person)
proxoldixově (aorist dual first-person)
proxoldista (aorist dual second-person)
proxoldiste (aorist dual third-person)
proxoldivě (dual first-person present)
proxoldita (dual present second-person)
proxoldite (dual present third-person)
proxoldixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
proxoldiste (aorist plural second-person)
proxoldišę (aorist plural third-person)
proxoldimъ (first-person plural present)
proxoldite (plural present second-person)
proxoldętь (plural present third-person)
proxoldi (imperative second-person singular)
proxoldi (imperative singular third-person)
proxoldivě (dual first-person imperative)
proxoldita (dual imperative second-person)
proxoldimъ (first-person imperative plural)
proxoldite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

прохолоди́ти<g:pf>

прохоло́джувати<g:impf>

Ukrainian: прохолоди́ти pf (proxolodýty), прохоло́джувати impf (proxolódžuvaty)

прохолодити<g:pf>

прохолоджати<g:impf>

Middle Russian: прохолодити pf (proxoloditi), прохолоджати impf (proxolodžati)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⱂⱃⱁⱈⰾⰰⰴⰻⱅⰻ (proxladiti)

Old Cyrillic script: прохладити (proxladiti)

By surface analysis, *pro- + *xoldъ + *-iti.


dъždžati

East Slavic:

Old Novgorodian: дъжгꙗти (dŭžgjati)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⰴⱏⰶⰴⰰⱅⰻ (dŭždati)

Old Cyrillic script: дъждати (dŭždati)

Serbo-Croatian:

desc

Chakavian Serbo-Croatian: daždati, dažljati

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: dežljáti (dialectal) (tonal orthography)


dъždžiti

dъždženьje (noun-from-verb)
dъždžiti (infinitive)
dъždžitъ (supine)
dъždžilъ (l-participle)
dъždženъ (participle passive past)
dъždžimъ (participle passive present)
dъždžь (active participle past)
dъždžę (active participle present)
dъždžixъ (aorist first-person singular)
dъždži (aorist second-person singular)
dъždži (aorist singular third-person)
dъždžǫ (first-person present singular)
dъždžiši (present second-person singular)
dъždžitь (present singular third-person)
dъždžixově (aorist dual first-person)
dъždžista (aorist dual second-person)
dъždžiste (aorist dual third-person)
dъždživě (dual first-person present)
dъždžita (dual present second-person)
dъždžite (dual present third-person)
dъždžixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dъždžiste (aorist plural second-person)
dъždžišę (aorist plural third-person)
dъždžimъ (first-person plural present)
dъždžite (plural present second-person)
dъždžętь (plural present third-person)
dъždžaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dъždžaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dъždžaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dъždži (imperative second-person singular)
dъždži (imperative singular third-person)
dъždžaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dъždžaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dъždžaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dъždživě (dual first-person imperative)
dъždžita (dual imperative second-person)
dъždžaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dъždžaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dъždžaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dъždžimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dъždžite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *дъжджити (*dŭždžiti)

desc

Old Ruthenian: дожджити (doždžiti), дожчити (dožčiti)

Belarusian: дажджы́ць (daždžýcʹ)

Ukrainian: дощи́ти (doščýty)

Old Novgorodian: дъжгити (dŭžgiti)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⰴⱏⰶⰴⰻⱅⰻ (dŭžditi)

Old Cyrillic script: дъждити (dŭžditi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: даждити; ⇒ да̀ждјети

Cyrillic script: даждити; ⇒ да̀ждјети

Latin script: dažditi; ⇒ dàždjeti

Slovene: dežíti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dščieti, dščíti

Czech: deštiti (rare), dštít (rare); deštit (dialectal)

Old Polish: dżdżyć, deszczyć, dyscyć

Slovak: dáždiť (dialectal)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: dešćić


pikati

pìkati (canonical imperfective)
pìknǫti (perfective)
pikanьje (noun-from-verb)
pikati (infinitive)
pikatъ (supine)
pikalъ (l-participle)
pikanъ (participle passive past)
pikajemъ (participle passive present)
pikavъ (active participle past)
pikaję (active participle present)
pikaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
pika (aorist second-person singular)
pika (aorist singular third-person)
pikajǫ (first-person present singular)
pikaješi (present second-person singular)
pikajetь (present singular third-person)
pikaxově (aorist dual first-person)
pikasta (aorist dual second-person)
pikaste (aorist dual third-person)
pikajevě (dual first-person present)
pikajeta (dual present second-person)
pikajete (dual present third-person)
pikaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pikaste (aorist plural second-person)
pikašę (aorist plural third-person)
pikajemъ (first-person plural present)
pikajete (plural present second-person)
pikajǫtь (plural present third-person)
pikaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pikaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pikaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pikaji (imperative second-person singular)
pikaji (imperative singular third-person)
pikaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pikaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pikaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pikajivě (dual first-person imperative)
pikajita (dual imperative second-person)
pikaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pikaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pikaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pikajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
pikajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Macedonian: пика (pika)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пи̏кати

Latin script: pȉkati

Slovene: pīkati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: píkati

Snoj tentatively derives it from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pey- (“to pierce”), whence Albanian pickoj (“to sting, to pinch”), Sanskrit स्फ्य (sphya, “spike, pointy tool”).
Onomatopoeic origin or perhaps borrowing are also possible. Compare Proto-Germanic *pikkōną (“to peck”), French piquer (“to sting”).

cog

(transitive) to prick, to poke, to stuff


pikati

pìkati (canonical imperfective)
pikanьje (noun-from-verb)
pikati (infinitive)
pikatъ (supine)
pikalъ (l-participle)
pikanъ (participle passive past)
pikajemъ (participle passive present)
pikavъ (active participle past)
pikaję (active participle present)
pikaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
pika (aorist second-person singular)
pika (aorist singular third-person)
pikajǫ (first-person present singular)
pikaješi (present second-person singular)
pikajetь (present singular third-person)
pikaxově (aorist dual first-person)
pikasta (aorist dual second-person)
pikaste (aorist dual third-person)
pikajevě (dual first-person present)
pikajeta (dual present second-person)
pikajete (dual present third-person)
pikaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pikaste (aorist plural second-person)
pikašę (aorist plural third-person)
pikajemъ (first-person plural present)
pikajete (plural present second-person)
pikajǫtь (plural present third-person)
pikaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pikaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pikaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pikaji (imperative second-person singular)
pikaji (imperative singular third-person)
pikaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pikaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pikaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pikajivě (dual first-person imperative)
pikajita (dual imperative second-person)
pikaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pikaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pikaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pikajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
pikajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: пі́каць (píkacʹ)

Russian: пи́кать (píkatʹ)

Ukrainian: пі́кати (píkaty)

⇒ Ukrainian: пікоти́ти (pikotýty)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: пи́кам (píkam), пипи́кам (pipíkam) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Polish: pikać

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pikaś

Onomatopoeic, from imitative root *pī- + *-kati.
Antiquity uncertain.


xlestati

xlestanьje (noun-from-verb)
xlestati (infinitive)
xlestatъ (supine)
xlestalъ (l-participle)
xlestanъ (participle passive past)
xlesťemъ (participle passive present)
xlestavъ (active participle past)
xlesťę (active participle present)
xlestaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
xlesta (aorist second-person singular)
xlesta (aorist singular third-person)
xlesťǫ (first-person present singular)
xlesťeši (present second-person singular)
xlesťetь (present singular third-person)
xlestaxově (aorist dual first-person)
xlestasta (aorist dual second-person)
xlestaste (aorist dual third-person)
xlesťevě (dual first-person present)
xlesťeta (dual present second-person)
xlesťete (dual present third-person)
xlestaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
xlestaste (aorist plural second-person)
xlestašę (aorist plural third-person)
xlesťemъ (first-person plural present)
xlesťete (plural present second-person)
xlesťǫtь (plural present third-person)
xlestaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
xlestaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
xlestaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
xlesťi (imperative second-person singular)
xlesťi (imperative singular third-person)
xlestaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
xlestaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
xlestaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
xlesťivě (dual first-person imperative)
xlesťita (dual imperative second-person)
xlestaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
xlestaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
xlestaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
xlesťimъ (first-person imperative plural)
xlesťite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: хляста́ць (xljastácʹ) (dialectal)

Russian: хлеста́ть (xlestátʹ)

West Slavic

Czech: chlostat, chléstat (dialectal)

Polish: chłostać

Slovak: chľastať, chlostať (dialectal)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: chłostaś

Upper Sorbian: chłostać


obačiti

obačenьje (noun-from-verb)
obačiti (infinitive)
obačitъ (supine)
obačilъ (l-participle)
obačenъ (participle passive past)
obačimъ (participle passive present)
obačь (active participle past)
obačę (active participle present)
obačixъ (aorist first-person singular)
obači (aorist second-person singular)
obači (aorist singular third-person)
obačǫ (first-person present singular)
obačiši (present second-person singular)
obačitь (present singular third-person)
obačixově (aorist dual first-person)
obačista (aorist dual second-person)
obačiste (aorist dual third-person)
obačivě (dual first-person present)
obačita (dual present second-person)
obačite (dual present third-person)
obačixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
obačiste (aorist plural second-person)
obačišę (aorist plural third-person)
obačimъ (first-person plural present)
obačite (plural present second-person)
obačętь (plural present third-person)
obačaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
obačaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
obačaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
obači (imperative second-person singular)
obači (imperative singular third-person)
obačaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
obačaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
obačaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
obačivě (dual first-person imperative)
obačita (dual imperative second-person)
obačaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
obačaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
obačaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
obačimъ (first-person imperative plural)
obačite (imperative plural second-person)

West Slavic:

desctree

Old Polish: obaczyć
Polish: obaczyć
Silesian: ôbŏczyć
→ Old Ruthenian: оба́чити (obáčiti), оба́чыти (obáčyti)
Belarusian: аба́чыць (abáčycʹ), оба́чыць (obáčycʹ) (dialectal)
Carpathian Rusyn: оба́чити (obáčyty)
Ukrainian: оба́чити (obáčyty)
→ Middle Russian: оба́чить (obáčitʹ)
Russian: оба́чить (obáčitʹ) (dialectal)
→? Old Slovak: *obačiť
Pannonian Rusyn: обачиц (obačic)
Slovak: obačiť (dialectal)

⇒ Old Polish: baczyć
Polish: baczyć
Silesian: bŏczyć
→ Old Ruthenian: ба́чити (báčiti), ба́чыти (báčyti)
Belarusian: ба́чыць (báčycʹ)
Carpathian Rusyn: ба́чити (báčyty)
Ukrainian: ба́чити (báčyty)
→ Lithuanian: bõčyti
→ Middle Russian: ба́чить (báčitʹ)
Russian: ба́чить (báčitʹ) (archaic)
→? Czech: báčiť (dialectal)
→? Old Slovak: *báčiť
Pannonian Rusyn: бачиц (bačic)
→? Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ба́чити
Latin script: báčiti
Slovak: báčiť, bačic (dialectal)
Pomeranian:
→ Kashubian: baczëc
→ Slovincian: baczic

Uncertain. The form without the initial *o- arose from the re-decomposition of *ob-ačiti > *obačiti > *o-bačiti > *bačiti, where the first part was perceived as the Slavic suffix *o(b)-.
* Borrowed from Eastern Iranian languages, probably from Scythian *abi-āšaya- (as is Proto-Slavic *gъpanъ (“ruler, master”)), further from Proto-Iranian *Habí-Hāxšáyati (“to watch; to guard, protect”) (compare Younger Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬡𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀 (aⁱβiiāxšaiia, “to guard, supervise”), 𐬀𐬌𐬡𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬑𐬱𐬙𐬀𐬭 (aⁱβiiāxštar, “observer”), Khwarezmian [script needed] (βyxȳ-), [script needed] (ʾβyxy-, “to learn from, apprehend, retain”), Yagnobi яхшта (yaxšta, “to be seen, visible”)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Habʰí (“to, upon”) + *Hákši (“eye”) + Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti.
* Traditionally derived from *o(b)- + **ačiti, where the root is presumably derived from *ȍko (“eye”), *ȍči du + *-iti. Controversial due to lack of evidence for **ačiti and unclear long vowel in the first syllable *o- > *ō- > *a-, which is not in Church Slavonic обочити (obočiti, “to render manifest”) < Proto-Slavic *obočiti.
Other etymologies are unconvincing:
* The assumption of borrowing from Proto-Turkic *bạk- (“to look; to watch”) (compare Turkish bakmak, Crimean Tatar baqmaq) is rejected.
* Doubtful from **ba-k-iti, which is supposedly derived from the interjection *ba! (“wow, really”) + *-k- extension + *-iti.
* From the hypothetical **ba-kъ (“watchman, overseer, guardian”), which ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to speak, say”), as in *bàjati (“to tell”).

cog

𐬀𐬌𐬡𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀

noncog

(West Slavic) to see, to notice, to watch

be:Віктар Уладзіміравіч Мартынаў

ru:Аникин, Александр Евгеньевич

ru:Преображенский, Александр Григорьевич

uk:Мельничук Олександр Савич


lopiti

lopľenьje (noun-from-verb)
lopiti (infinitive)
lopitъ (supine)
lopilъ (l-participle)
lopľenъ (participle passive past)
lopimъ (participle passive present)
lopľь (active participle past)
lopę (active participle present)
lopixъ (aorist first-person singular)
lopi (aorist second-person singular)
lopi (aorist singular third-person)
lopľǫ (first-person present singular)
lopiši (present second-person singular)
lopitь (present singular third-person)
lopixově (aorist dual first-person)
lopista (aorist dual second-person)
lopiste (aorist dual third-person)
lopivě (dual first-person present)
lopita (dual present second-person)
lopite (dual present third-person)
lopixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
lopiste (aorist plural second-person)
lopišę (aorist plural third-person)
lopimъ (first-person plural present)
lopite (plural present second-person)
lopętь (plural present third-person)
lopľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
lopľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
lopľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
lopi (imperative second-person singular)
lopi (imperative singular third-person)
lopľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
lopľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
lopľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
lopivě (dual first-person imperative)
lopita (dual imperative second-person)
lopľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
lopľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
lopľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
lopimъ (first-person imperative plural)
lopite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ло̀пити

Latin script: lòpiti

Slovene: lôpiti (tonal orthography)


golsiti

golšenьje (noun-from-verb)
golsiti (infinitive)
golsitъ (supine)
golsilъ (l-participle)
golšenъ (participle passive past)
golsimъ (participle passive present)
golšь (active participle past)
golsę (active participle present)
golsixъ (aorist first-person singular)
golsi (aorist second-person singular)
golsi (aorist singular third-person)
golšǫ (first-person present singular)
golsiši (present second-person singular)
golsitь (present singular third-person)
golsixově (aorist dual first-person)
golsista (aorist dual second-person)
golsiste (aorist dual third-person)
golsivě (dual first-person present)
golsita (dual present second-person)
golsite (dual present third-person)
golsixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
golsiste (aorist plural second-person)
golsišę (aorist plural third-person)
golsimъ (first-person plural present)
golsite (plural present second-person)
golsętь (plural present third-person)
golšaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
golšaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
golšaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
golsi (imperative second-person singular)
golsi (imperative singular third-person)
golšaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
golšaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
golšaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
golsivě (dual first-person imperative)
golsita (dual imperative second-person)
golšaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
golšaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
golšaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
golsimъ (first-person imperative plural)
golsite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: галасі́ць (halasícʹ)

Russian: голоси́ть (golosítʹ)

Ukrainian: голоси́ти (holosýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: гласити (glasiti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гла́сити

Latin script: glásiti

Slovene: glasīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: głosëc

Slovincian: glôsëc

Old Czech: hlásiti

Czech: hlásit

Old Polish: głosić

Polish: głosić

Silesian: głosić

Old Slovak: hlásiť

Slovak: hlásiť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: głosyś


věrovati

vě̀rovati (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
věrovanьje (noun-from-verb)
věrovati (infinitive)
věrovatъ (supine)
věrovalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
věrovanъ (participle passive past)
věrujemъ (participle passive present)
věrovavъ (active participle past)
věruję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
věrovaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
věrova (aorist second-person singular)
věrova (aorist singular third-person)
věrujǫ (first-person present singular)
věruješi (present second-person singular)
věrujetь (present singular third-person)
věrovaxově (aorist dual first-person)
věrovasta (aorist dual second-person)
věrovaste (aorist dual third-person)
věrujevě (dual first-person present)
věrujeta (dual present second-person)
věrujete (dual present third-person)
věrovaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
věrovaste (aorist plural second-person)
věrovašę (aorist plural third-person)
věrujemъ (first-person plural present)
věrujete (plural present second-person)
věrujǫtь (plural present third-person)
věrovaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
věrovaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
věrovaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
věruji (imperative second-person singular)
věruji (imperative singular third-person)
věrovaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
věrovaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
věrovaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
věrujivě (dual first-person imperative)
věrujita (dual imperative second-person)
věrovaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
věrovaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
věrovaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
věrujimъ (first-person imperative plural)
věrujite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: вѣровати (věrovati)
Old Ruthenian: вѣровати (věrovati)
Belarusian: ве́раваць (vjéravacʹ)
Carpathian Rusyn: ві́ровати (vírovaty)
Ukrainian: ві́рувати (víruvaty)
Russian: ве́ровать (vérovatʹ)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: вѣровати (věrovati)

Bulgarian: вя̀рвам (vjàrvam)

Macedonian: верува (veruva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: вје̏ровати

Latin script: vjȅrovati

Slovene: vérovati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: verovati

Old Slovak: verovať

From *věra (“faith”) + *-ovati, with *věriti as a competing form. Absent from West Slavic; possibly a South Slavic innovation, and loaned from Old Church Slavonic into East Slavic languages, where it is a higher-register synonym of the *věriti reflexes.


golgoliti

golgoľenьje (noun-from-verb)
golgoliti (infinitive)
golgolitъ (supine)
golgolilъ (l-participle)
golgoľenъ (participle passive past)
golgolimъ (participle passive present)
golgoľь (active participle past)
golgolę (active participle present)
golgolixъ (aorist first-person singular)
golgoli (aorist second-person singular)
golgoli (aorist singular third-person)
golgoľǫ (first-person present singular)
golgoliši (present second-person singular)
golgolitь (present singular third-person)
golgolixově (aorist dual first-person)
golgolista (aorist dual second-person)
golgoliste (aorist dual third-person)
golgolivě (dual first-person present)
golgolita (dual present second-person)
golgolite (dual present third-person)
golgolixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
golgoliste (aorist plural second-person)
golgolišę (aorist plural third-person)
golgolimъ (first-person plural present)
golgolite (plural present second-person)
golgolętь (plural present third-person)
golgoľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
golgoľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
golgoľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
golgoli (imperative second-person singular)
golgoli (imperative singular third-person)
golgoľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
golgoľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
golgoľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
golgolivě (dual first-person imperative)
golgolita (dual imperative second-person)
golgoľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
golgoľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
golgoľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
golgolimъ (first-person imperative plural)
golgolite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: голого́лить (gologólitʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

→ Old Ruthenian: глаго́лити (hlahóliti)

Ukrainian: глаго́лити (hlahólyty) (archaic)

→ Russian: глаго́лить (glagólitʹ) (dated)

Bulgarian: глаго́ля (glagólja) (archaic, literary)

Macedonian: глаголи (glagoli) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian: (archaic)

Cyrillic script: глаго̀лити

Latin script: glagòliti

West Slavic:

Czech: hláholit

Slovak: hlaholiť (literary)


steliti

steľenьje (noun-from-verb)
steliti (infinitive)
stelitъ (supine)
stelilъ (l-participle)
steľenъ (participle passive past)
stelimъ (participle passive present)
steľь (active participle past)
stelę (active participle present)
stelixъ (aorist first-person singular)
steli (aorist second-person singular)
steli (aorist singular third-person)
steľǫ (first-person present singular)
steliši (present second-person singular)
stelitь (present singular third-person)
stelixově (aorist dual first-person)
stelista (aorist dual second-person)
steliste (aorist dual third-person)
stelivě (dual first-person present)
stelita (dual present second-person)
stelite (dual present third-person)
stelixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
steliste (aorist plural second-person)
stelišę (aorist plural third-person)
stelimъ (first-person plural present)
stelite (plural present second-person)
stelętь (plural present third-person)
steľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
steľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
steľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
steli (imperative second-person singular)
steli (imperative singular third-person)
steľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
steľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
steľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
stelivě (dual first-person imperative)
stelita (dual imperative second-person)
steľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
steľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
steľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
stelimъ (first-person imperative plural)
stelite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: стели́ть (stelítʹ)

Ukrainian: стели́ти (stelýty)

West Slavic:

Polish: ścielić

From *stьlati + *-iti with -e- from the present tense conjugation.


vysъlati

vysylati (imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
vysъlanьje (noun-from-verb)
vysъlati (infinitive)
vysъlatъ (supine)
vysъlalъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
vysъlanъ (participle passive past)
vysъlavъ (active participle past)
b (accent-paradigm)
vysъlaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
vysъla (aorist second-person singular)
vysъla (aorist singular third-person)
vysъľǫ (first-person present singular)
vysъľeši (present second-person singular)
vysъľetь (present singular third-person)
vysъlaxově (aorist dual first-person)
vysъlasta (aorist dual second-person)
vysъlaste (aorist dual third-person)
vysъľevě (dual first-person present)
vysъľeta (dual present second-person)
vysъľete (dual present third-person)
vysъlaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vysъlaste (aorist plural second-person)
vysъlašę (aorist plural third-person)
vysъľemъ (first-person plural present)
vysъľete (plural present second-person)
vysъľǫtь (plural present third-person)
vysъľi (imperative second-person singular)
vysъľi (imperative singular third-person)
vysъľivě (dual first-person imperative)
vysъľita (dual imperative second-person)
vysъľimъ (first-person imperative plural)
vysъľite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: вы́слаць (výslacʹ)

Russian: вы́слать (výslatʹ)

Ukrainian: ви́слати (výslaty)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vyslati

Czech: vyslat

desctree

Old Polish: wysłać
Polish: wysłać
Silesian: wysłać

Old Slovak: vyslať

Slovak: vyslať

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: wësłac

Slovincian: wëslac


polskati

polskanьje (noun-from-verb)
polskati (infinitive)
polskatъ (supine)
polskalъ (l-participle)
polskanъ (participle passive past)
polščemъ (participle passive present)
polskavъ (active participle past)
polščę (active participle present)
polskaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
polska (aorist second-person singular)
polska (aorist singular third-person)
polščǫ (first-person present singular)
polščeši (present second-person singular)
polščetь (present singular third-person)
polskaxově (aorist dual first-person)
polskasta (aorist dual second-person)
polskaste (aorist dual third-person)
polščevě (dual first-person present)
polščeta (dual present second-person)
polščete (dual present third-person)
polskaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
polskaste (aorist plural second-person)
polskašę (aorist plural third-person)
polščemъ (first-person plural present)
polščete (plural present second-person)
polščǫtь (plural present third-person)
polskaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
polskaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
polskaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
polšči (imperative second-person singular)
polšči (imperative singular third-person)
polskaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
polskaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
polskaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
polščivě (dual first-person imperative)
polščita (dual imperative second-person)
polskaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
polskaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
polskaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
polščimъ (first-person imperative plural)
polščite (imperative plural second-person)
polskanьje (noun-from-verb)
polskati (infinitive)
polskatъ (supine)
polskalъ (l-participle)
polskanъ (participle passive past)
polskajemъ (participle passive present)
polskavъ (active participle past)
polskaję (active participle present)
polskaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
polska (aorist second-person singular)
polska (aorist singular third-person)
polskajǫ (first-person present singular)
polskaješi (present second-person singular)
polskajetь (present singular third-person)
polskaxově (aorist dual first-person)
polskasta (aorist dual second-person)
polskaste (aorist dual third-person)
polskajevě (dual first-person present)
polskajeta (dual present second-person)
polskajete (dual present third-person)
polskaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
polskaste (aorist plural second-person)
polskašę (aorist plural third-person)
polskajemъ (first-person plural present)
polskajete (plural present second-person)
polskajǫtь (plural present third-person)
polskaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
polskaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
polskaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
polskaji (imperative second-person singular)
polskaji (imperative singular third-person)
polskaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
polskaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
polskaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
polskajivě (dual first-person imperative)
polskajita (dual imperative second-person)
polskaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
polskaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
polskaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
polskajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
polskajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: полоскати (poloskati)

desc

Old Ruthenian: полоска́ти (poloskáti), полока́ти (polokáti)

Belarusian: паласка́ць (palaskácʹ)

Ukrainian: полоска́ти (poloskáty)

Russian: полоска́ть (poloskátʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⱂⰾⰰⱄⰽⰰⱅⰻ (plaskati)

Old Cyrillic script: пласкати (plaskati)

West Slavic:

Czech: pláskat


kъrpati

kъrpanьje (noun-from-verb)
kъrpati (infinitive)
kъrpatъ (supine)
kъrpalъ (l-participle)
kъrpanъ (participle passive past)
kъrpajemъ (participle passive present)
kъrpavъ (active participle past)
kъrpaję (active participle present)
kъrpaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kъrpa (aorist second-person singular)
kъrpa (aorist singular third-person)
kъrpajǫ (first-person present singular)
kъrpaješi (present second-person singular)
kъrpajetь (present singular third-person)
kъrpaxově (aorist dual first-person)
kъrpasta (aorist dual second-person)
kъrpaste (aorist dual third-person)
kъrpajevě (dual first-person present)
kъrpajeta (dual present second-person)
kъrpajete (dual present third-person)
kъrpaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kъrpaste (aorist plural second-person)
kъrpašę (aorist plural third-person)
kъrpajemъ (first-person plural present)
kъrpajete (plural present second-person)
kъrpajǫtь (plural present third-person)
kъrpaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kъrpaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kъrpaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kъrpaji (imperative second-person singular)
kъrpaji (imperative singular third-person)
kъrpaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kъrpaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kъrpaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kъrpajivě (dual first-person imperative)
kъrpajita (dual imperative second-person)
kъrpaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kъrpaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kъrpaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kъrpajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kъrpajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ко́рпаць (kórpacʹ), ка́рпаць (kárpacʹ)

Russian: корпа́ть (korpátʹ) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: ко́рпати (kórpaty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: къ́рпам (kǎ́rpam) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кр̏пати

Latin script: kȑpati

Slovene: kr̄pati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: krpati

Czech: krpat

Polish: karpać (dialectal)

Slovak: krpať


liněti

liněnьje (noun-from-verb)
liněti (infinitive)
linětъ (supine)
linělъ (l-participle)
liněnъ (participle passive past)
linějemъ (participle passive present)
liněvъ (active participle past)
liněję (active participle present)
liněxъ (aorist first-person singular)
lině (aorist second-person singular)
lině (aorist singular third-person)
linějǫ (first-person present singular)
liněješi (present second-person singular)
linějetь (present singular third-person)
liněxově (aorist dual first-person)
liněsta (aorist dual second-person)
liněste (aorist dual third-person)
linějevě (dual first-person present)
linějeta (dual present second-person)
linějete (dual present third-person)
liněxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
liněste (aorist plural second-person)
liněšę (aorist plural third-person)
linějemъ (first-person plural present)
linějete (plural present second-person)
linějǫtь (plural present third-person)
liněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
liněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
liněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
liněji (imperative second-person singular)
liněji (imperative singular third-person)
liněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
liněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
liněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
linějivě (dual first-person imperative)
linějita (dual imperative second-person)
liněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
liněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
liněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
linějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
linějite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ліне́ць (linjécʹ) (dialectal)

Russian: лине́ть (linétʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: лине́я (linéja)

Macedonian: линее (linee)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: líněti

Old Polish: linieć

Polish: linieć

>? Silesian: lynić

By surface analysis, *lin- (“moulting”) + *-ěti.

surf

Synonym of *liňati: to moult; to fade, to wither