otęgъčati

otęgъčanьje (noun-from-verb)
otęgъčati (infinitive)
otęgъčatъ (supine)
otęgъčalъ (l-participle)
otęgъčavъ (active participle past)
otęgъčaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
otęgъča (aorist second-person singular)
otęgъča (aorist singular third-person)
otęgъčajǫ (first-person present singular)
otęgъčaješi (present second-person singular)
otęgъčajetь (present singular third-person)
otęgъčaxově (aorist dual first-person)
otęgъčasta (aorist dual second-person)
otęgъčaste (aorist dual third-person)
otęgъčajevě (dual first-person present)
otęgъčajeta (dual present second-person)
otęgъčajete (dual present third-person)
otęgъčaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
otęgъčaste (aorist plural second-person)
otęgъčašę (aorist plural third-person)
otęgъčajemъ (first-person plural present)
otęgъčajete (plural present second-person)
otęgъčajǫtь (plural present third-person)
otęgъčaji (imperative second-person singular)
otęgъčaji (imperative singular third-person)
otęgъčajivě (dual first-person imperative)
otęgъčajita (dual imperative second-person)
otęgъčajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
otęgъčajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: отѧгъчати

Russian: отягча́ть (otjagčátʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: отѧгъчати

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: otekčati, otehčati, oteščati

West Slavic: —


otęgъčati

otęgъčiti (perfective)
otęgъčanьje (noun-from-verb)
otęgъčati (infinitive)
otęgъčatъ (supine)
otęgъčalъ (l-participle)
otęgъčanъ (participle passive past)
otęgъčajemъ (participle passive present)
otęgъčavъ (active participle past)
otęgъčaję (active participle present)
otęgъčaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
otęgъča (aorist second-person singular)
otęgъča (aorist singular third-person)
otęgъčajǫ (first-person present singular)
otęgъčaješi (present second-person singular)
otęgъčajetь (present singular third-person)
otęgъčaxově (aorist dual first-person)
otęgъčasta (aorist dual second-person)
otęgъčaste (aorist dual third-person)
otęgъčajevě (dual first-person present)
otęgъčajeta (dual present second-person)
otęgъčajete (dual present third-person)
otęgъčaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
otęgъčaste (aorist plural second-person)
otęgъčašę (aorist plural third-person)
otęgъčajemъ (first-person plural present)
otęgъčajete (plural present second-person)
otęgъčajǫtь (plural present third-person)
otęgъčaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
otęgъčaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
otęgъčaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
otęgъčaji (imperative second-person singular)
otęgъčaji (imperative singular third-person)
otęgъčaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
otęgъčaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
otęgъčaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
otęgъčajivě (dual first-person imperative)
otęgъčajita (dual imperative second-person)
otęgъčaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
otęgъčaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
otęgъčaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
otęgъčajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
otęgъčajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: отѧгъчати

Russian: отягчать (otjagčatʹ)

desc

Ukrainian: отягчати (otjahčaty), отягочати (otjahočaty)?

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: отегча́ (otegčá)}

West Slavic: —


portiti

porťenьje (noun-from-verb)
portiti (infinitive)
portitъ (supine)
portilъ (l-participle)
porťenъ (participle passive past)
portimъ (participle passive present)
porťь (active participle past)
portę (active participle present)
portixъ (aorist first-person singular)
porti (aorist second-person singular)
porti (aorist singular third-person)
porťǫ (first-person present singular)
portiši (present second-person singular)
portitь (present singular third-person)
portixově (aorist dual first-person)
portista (aorist dual second-person)
portiste (aorist dual third-person)
portivě (dual first-person present)
portita (dual present second-person)
portite (dual present third-person)
portixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
portiste (aorist plural second-person)
portišę (aorist plural third-person)
portimъ (first-person plural present)
portite (plural present second-person)
portętь (plural present third-person)
porťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
porťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
porťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
porti (imperative second-person singular)
porti (imperative singular third-person)
porťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
porťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
porťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
portivě (dual first-person imperative)
portita (dual imperative second-person)
porťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
porťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
porťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
portimъ (first-person imperative plural)
portite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: пра́тя (prátja)

Macedonian: прати pf (prati), праќа impf (praḱa)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пра̏тити

Latin script: prȁtiti

Slovene: prátiti, prátiti se

Apparently, from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to forward, to propagate”), however, the exact order of derivation is unknown. One plausible explanation is that *portiti is a causative verb of an earlier, unattested t-participle *portъ, from Pre-Slavic *por- + *-tós. Morphologically related to Latin portō (“to carry, bear”) and Proto-Germanic *furþą (“forward”).


bratriti

bratřenьje (noun-from-verb)
bratriti (infinitive)
bratritъ (supine)
bratrilъ (l-participle)
bratřenъ (participle passive past)
bratrimъ (participle passive present)
bratřь (active participle past)
bratrę (active participle present)
bratrixъ (aorist first-person singular)
bratri (aorist second-person singular)
bratri (aorist singular third-person)
bratřǫ (first-person present singular)
bratriši (present second-person singular)
bratritь (present singular third-person)
bratrixově (aorist dual first-person)
bratrista (aorist dual second-person)
bratriste (aorist dual third-person)
bratrivě (dual first-person present)
bratrita (dual present second-person)
bratrite (dual present third-person)
bratrixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bratriste (aorist plural second-person)
bratrišę (aorist plural third-person)
bratrimъ (first-person plural present)
bratrite (plural present second-person)
bratrętь (plural present third-person)
bratřaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bratřaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bratřaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bratri (imperative second-person singular)
bratri (imperative singular third-person)
bratřaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bratřaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bratřaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bratrivě (dual first-person imperative)
bratrita (dual imperative second-person)
bratřaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bratřaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bratřaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bratrimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bratrite (imperative plural second-person)

West Slavic:

desc

Czech: bratřiti se (“to become close, make friends with”)

Slovak: bratriť sa (“to fraternize”)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: bratřić so (“to fraternize”)


bagati

baganьje (noun-from-verb)
bagati (infinitive)
bagatъ (supine)
bagalъ (l-participle)
baganъ (participle passive past)
bagajemъ (participle passive present)
bagavъ (active participle past)
bagaję (active participle present)
bagaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
baga (aorist second-person singular)
baga (aorist singular third-person)
bagajǫ (first-person present singular)
bagaješi (present second-person singular)
bagajetь (present singular third-person)
bagaxově (aorist dual first-person)
bagasta (aorist dual second-person)
bagaste (aorist dual third-person)
bagajevě (dual first-person present)
bagajeta (dual present second-person)
bagajete (dual present third-person)
bagaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bagaste (aorist plural second-person)
bagašę (aorist plural third-person)
bagajemъ (first-person plural present)
bagajete (plural present second-person)
bagajǫtь (plural present third-person)
bagaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bagaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bagaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bagaji (imperative second-person singular)
bagaji (imperative singular third-person)
bagaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bagaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bagaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bagajivě (dual first-person imperative)
bagajita (dual imperative second-person)
bagaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bagaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bagaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bagajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bagajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: багати (bagati)

⇒ Ukrainian: забага́ти (zabaháty), забага́нка (zabahánka)

South Slavic: –

West Slavic:

Czech:

Polish: zabagać

Slovak: bahať

Per Trubachyev, the most likely etymology is from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bōˀgā́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéh₃g-eh₂-ti, from *bʰeh₃g- (“to bake”). Cognate with Ancient Greek φώγω (phṓgō, “to roast”) and Proto-Germanic *bakaną (“to bake”).
A relation with Sanskrit भजति (bhájati, “to distribute”) and Slavic forms like *bogatъ (“rich”), *bogъ (“God”) (all from *bʰeh₂g-) is less likely.


debnǫti

debenьje (noun-from-verb)
debnǫti (infinitive)
debnǫtъ (supine)
deblъ (l-participle)
debenъ (participle passive past)
debnomъ (participle passive present)
debъ (active participle past)
debny (active participle present)
debъ (aorist first-person singular)
deboxъ (aorist first-person singular)
debe (aorist second-person singular)
debe (aorist singular third-person)
debnǫ (first-person present singular)
debneši (present second-person singular)
debnetь (present singular third-person)
debově (aorist dual first-person)
deboxově (aorist dual first-person)
debeta (aorist dual second-person)
debosta (aorist dual second-person)
debete (aorist dual third-person)
deboste (aorist dual third-person)
debnevě (dual first-person present)
debneta (dual present second-person)
debnete (dual present third-person)
debomъ (aorist first-person plural)
deboxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
debete (aorist plural second-person)
deboste (aorist plural second-person)
debǫ (aorist plural third-person)
debošę (aorist plural third-person)
debnemъ (first-person plural present)
debnete (plural present second-person)
debnǫtь (plural present third-person)
debněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
debněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
debněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
debni (imperative second-person singular)
debni (imperative singular third-person)
debněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
debněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
debněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
debněvě (dual first-person imperative)
debněta (dual imperative second-person)
debněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
debněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
debněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
debněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
debněte (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

desc

⇒ Old Church Slavonic: *оудѣнѫти (*uděnǫti), оудѣбена (uděbena)

Bulgarian: де́бна (débna)

Macedonian: де́мне (démne), де́бне (débne) (dialectal)

From *deběti (“to pray upon in stealth”) + *-nǫti. Akin to dial. Serbo-Croatian дѐпсти (“to await for ambush”) and possibly dial. Russian дёб (djob, “edge, end”).
Probably from Proto-Indo-European *dʰebʰ- (“to deceive, to humble”), presumably cognate with Sanskrit दभ्नोति (dabhnoti, “to damage”).


delěti

delěvati (perfective)
delěnьje (noun-from-verb)
delěti (infinitive)
delětъ (supine)
delělъ (l-participle)
delěnъ (participle passive past)
delějemъ (participle passive present)
delěvъ (active participle past)
delěję (active participle present)
delěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
delě (aorist second-person singular)
delě (aorist singular third-person)
delějǫ (first-person present singular)
delěješi (present second-person singular)
delějetь (present singular third-person)
delěxově (aorist dual first-person)
delěsta (aorist dual second-person)
delěste (aorist dual third-person)
delějevě (dual first-person present)
delějeta (dual present second-person)
delějete (dual present third-person)
delěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
delěste (aorist plural second-person)
delěšę (aorist plural third-person)
delějemъ (first-person plural present)
delějete (plural present second-person)
delějǫtь (plural present third-person)
delěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
delěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
delěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
delěji (imperative second-person singular)
delěji (imperative singular third-person)
delěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
delěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
delěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
delějivě (dual first-person imperative)
delějita (dual imperative second-person)
delěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
delěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
delěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
delějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
delějite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: делѣти (delěti)

desc

Bulgarian: деле́я (deléja, “to prevail, to defeat”) (obsolete; now found only in derivatives)

Most likely from Proto-Indo-European *delh₁-, perhaps from its seconary meaning “to ply, to exploit” → “to finish off” → “to prevail” (compare *dьliti (“to prolong”), *dьlgъ (“long”)). Near cognate with Lithuanian délti (“to wane, to languish, to wear out”), dìlinti (“to use up”).
Daughter languages do not agree on the root vocalism: cf. verbal nouns Old Church Slavonic оделѣньѥ (odelěnĭje) (e-grade) : одолѣниѥ (odolěnije) (o-grade) both with the meaning “defeat”.


smǫgnǫti

Traditionally reconstructed as *smugnǫti and connected with Lithuanian smáugti, English smoke, Ancient Greek σμύχω (smúkhō), Armenian մուխ (mux). In view of *smogorъ, *smogolь, *smagnǫti, may be seen as a secondary nasalisation and related to Lithuanian smógos, smogóti; compare *smęgnǫti.


smagnǫti

East Slavic:

Belarusian: сма́гнуць (smáhnucʹ)

Russian: сма́гнуть (smágnutʹ)

Ukrainian: сма́гнути (smáhnuty)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сма̀гнути

Latin script: smàgnuti

Slovene: smágniti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: smahnout

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: smagnuś

Upper Sorbian: smahnyć

Traditionally connected with Lithuanian smáugti, English smoke, Ancient Greek σμύχω (smúkhō), Armenian մուխ (mux). The root vocalism presents serious problems; influence of other roots has been proposed, such as *pragnǫti (“thirst”). It may be instead compared to Lithuanian smógos (“thirst”), smogóti.


babrati

babranьje (noun-from-verb)
babrati (infinitive)
babratъ (supine)
babralъ (l-participle)
babranъ (participle passive past)
babrajemъ (participle passive present)
babravъ (active participle past)
babraję (active participle present)
babraxъ (aorist first-person singular)
babra (aorist second-person singular)
babra (aorist singular third-person)
babrajǫ (first-person present singular)
babraješi (present second-person singular)
babrajetь (present singular third-person)
babraxově (aorist dual first-person)
babrasta (aorist dual second-person)
babraste (aorist dual third-person)
babrajevě (dual first-person present)
babrajeta (dual present second-person)
babrajete (dual present third-person)
babraxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
babraste (aorist plural second-person)
babrašę (aorist plural third-person)
babrajemъ (first-person plural present)
babrajete (plural present second-person)
babrajǫtь (plural present third-person)
babraaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
babraaše (imperfect second-person singular)
babraaše (imperfect singular third-person)
babraji (imperative second-person singular)
babraji (imperative singular third-person)
babraaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
babraašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
babraašete (dual imperfect third-person)
babrajivě (dual first-person imperative)
babrajita (dual imperative second-person)
babraaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
babraašete (imperfect plural second-person)
babraaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
babrajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
babrajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: бара́бать (barábatʹ) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: ба́брати (bábraty)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ба̏брати

Latin script: bȁbrati

West Slavic:

Czech: babrat

Polish: babrać

Slovak: babrať


baxati

baxanьje (noun-from-verb)
baxati (infinitive)
baxatъ (supine)
baxalъ (l-participle)
baxanъ (participle passive past)
baxajemъ (participle passive present)
baxavъ (active participle past)
baxaję (active participle present)
baxaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
baxa (aorist second-person singular)
baxa (aorist singular third-person)
baxajǫ (first-person present singular)
baxaješi (present second-person singular)
baxajetь (present singular third-person)
baxaxově (aorist dual first-person)
baxasta (aorist dual second-person)
baxaste (aorist dual third-person)
baxajevě (dual first-person present)
baxajeta (dual present second-person)
baxajete (dual present third-person)
baxaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
baxaste (aorist plural second-person)
baxašę (aorist plural third-person)
baxajemъ (first-person plural present)
baxajete (plural present second-person)
baxajǫtь (plural present third-person)
baxaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
baxaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
baxaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
baxaji (imperative second-person singular)
baxaji (imperative singular third-person)
baxaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
baxaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
baxaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
baxajivě (dual first-person imperative)
baxajita (dual imperative second-person)
baxaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
baxaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
baxaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
baxajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
baxajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: ба́хать (báxatʹ)

Ukrainian: ба́хати (báxaty)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бахати

Latin script: bàhati

Slovene: báhati

West Slavic:

Czech: bàchati (dialectal)

Slovak: bàchať

Most likely from an extension of proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to speak, to tell fables”).


strujiti

strujenьje (noun-from-verb)
strujiti (infinitive)
strujitъ (supine)
strujilъ (l-participle)
strujenъ (participle passive past)
strujimъ (participle passive present)
strujь (active participle past)
struję (active participle present)
strujixъ (aorist first-person singular)
struji (aorist second-person singular)
struji (aorist singular third-person)
strujǫ (first-person present singular)
strujiši (present second-person singular)
strujitь (present singular third-person)
strujixově (aorist dual first-person)
strujista (aorist dual second-person)
strujiste (aorist dual third-person)
strujivě (dual first-person present)
strujita (dual present second-person)
strujite (dual present third-person)
strujixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
strujiste (aorist plural second-person)
strujišę (aorist plural third-person)
strujimъ (first-person plural present)
strujite (plural present second-person)
strujętь (plural present third-person)
strujaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
strujaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
strujaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
struji (imperative second-person singular)
struji (imperative singular third-person)
strujaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
strujaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
strujaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
strujivě (dual first-person imperative)
strujita (dual imperative second-person)
strujaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
strujaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
strujaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
strujimъ (first-person imperative plural)
strujite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic: струити (struiti)

Russian: струиться (struitʹsja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: строуити (struiti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: струя́ (strujá)

Macedonian: струи (strui)

From *struja (“stream”) + *-iti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *s(t)raujāˀ, ultimately from the causative éye-form of Proto-Indo-European *srew- (“flow”).


strujiti

East Slavic: оструити (ostruiti, “to destroy”)

desc

Russian: оструять (ostrujatʹ, “to kill”) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: oстроуити (ostruiti, “to liquidate, to disrupt”)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Attested only indirectly though its derivative *ostrujiti. Either from the same origin as *strujiti (“to gush out”) or from proto-Indo-European *strew- (“to strew, to construct”). In the later case, the term would be a cognate with Proto-Germanic *strawjaną (“to strew”) and indirectly with Latin struō (“to compose”).


bręčati

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: брѧчати

Russian: бренча́ть (brenčátʹ), бряча́ть (brjačátʹ) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: бреньча́ти (brenʹčáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: брѧчати

Unspecified script:

Bulgarian: бръмча́ (brǎmčá)

Macedonian: бречи (breči), брмчи (brmči)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бре́чати

Latin script: bréčati

Slovene: bréčati, brénčati

West Slavic:

Czech: břečeti, brečeti, břenčeti, břinčeti

Polabian: brącĕ

Polish: brzęczeć

Slovak: brnčať, brenčať

Slovincian: brzãczec

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *brenzg-, of onomatopoeic origin. Compare Thracian βρυνχός.


brъkati

brъkanьje (noun-from-verb)
brъkati (infinitive)
brъkatъ (supine)
brъkalъ (l-participle)
brъkanъ (participle passive past)
brъkajemъ (participle passive present)
brъkavъ (active participle past)
brъkaję (active participle present)
brъkaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
brъka (aorist second-person singular)
brъka (aorist singular third-person)
brъkajǫ (first-person present singular)
brъkaješi (present second-person singular)
brъkajetь (present singular third-person)
brъkaxově (aorist dual first-person)
brъkasta (aorist dual second-person)
brъkaste (aorist dual third-person)
brъkajevě (dual first-person present)
brъkajeta (dual present second-person)
brъkajete (dual present third-person)
brъkaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
brъkaste (aorist plural second-person)
brъkašę (aorist plural third-person)
brъkajemъ (first-person plural present)
brъkajete (plural present second-person)
brъkajǫtь (plural present third-person)
brъkaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
brъkaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
brъkaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
brъkaji (imperative second-person singular)
brъkaji (imperative singular third-person)
brъkaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
brъkaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
brъkaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
brъkajivě (dual first-person imperative)
brъkajita (dual imperative second-person)
brъkaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
brъkaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
brъkaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
brъkajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
brъkajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: бры́каць (brýkacʹ)

Russian: брока́ть (brokátʹ), брыка́ть (brykátʹ)

Ukrainian: брика́ти (brykáty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бъ́ркам (bǎ́rkam), dial. бръ́кам (brǎ́kam)

Macedonian: брка (brka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бр́кати

Latin script: bŕkati

Slovene: bŕkati

West Slavic:

Czech: brkati

Polish: brykać

Slovak: bŕkať

Of unclear origin, possibly polygenetic. Proposed etymologies:
* From Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewk-, based on the alternation between *brъkati (0-grade), *brykati (enlonged grade), *brukati (o-grade). Cognate with Lithuanian brùkti, braũkti (“to shove, to thrush”) and Latvian bràukt (“to ride”) (originally: to stroke).
* Per Derksen, Doublet of *brъsati, *brysati (“to sweep, to smack”) from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewḱ-.
* Of onomatopoeic origin + *-kati, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrew- (“to brew, to disrupt”). Akin to *brujati (“to rustle”).
Compare also Proto-Slavic *bъrkati (“to trim, to croр (feathers); to poke; to wrinkle”).

noncog

to stroke with a tool → to whisk, to stir, to mingle


lěviti

lěvľenьje (noun-from-verb)
lěviti (infinitive)
lěvitъ (supine)
lěvilъ (l-participle)
lěvľenъ (participle passive past)
lěvimъ (participle passive present)
lěvľь (active participle past)
lěvę (active participle present)
lěvixъ (aorist first-person singular)
lěvi (aorist second-person singular)
lěvi (aorist singular third-person)
lěvľǫ (first-person present singular)
lěviši (present second-person singular)
lěvitь (present singular third-person)
lěvixově (aorist dual first-person)
lěvista (aorist dual second-person)
lěviste (aorist dual third-person)
lěvivě (dual first-person present)
lěvita (dual present second-person)
lěvite (dual present third-person)
lěvixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
lěviste (aorist plural second-person)
lěvišę (aorist plural third-person)
lěvimъ (first-person plural present)
lěvite (plural present second-person)
lěvętь (plural present third-person)
lěvľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
lěvľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
lěvľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
lěvi (imperative second-person singular)
lěvi (imperative singular third-person)
lěvľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
lěvľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
lěvľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
lěvivě (dual first-person imperative)
lěvita (dual imperative second-person)
lěvľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
lěvľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
lěvľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
lěvimъ (first-person imperative plural)
lěvite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

Ukrainian: ле́вити (lévyty) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian: (dialectal)

Cyrillic script: ле́вити

Latin script: léviti

West Slavic:

Czech: leviti

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ljoʔu, *leʔw, from Proto-Indo-European *leh₁w-. Cognate with Latvian laũt (“to allow, stop, yield, rely on”), Lithuanian liáuti (“to stop”), Old Prussian aulaũt (“to die”).


baxoriti

baxořenьje (noun-from-verb)
baxoriti (infinitive)
baxoritъ (supine)
baxorilъ (l-participle)
baxořenъ (participle passive past)
baxorimъ (participle passive present)
baxořь (active participle past)
baxorę (active participle present)
baxorixъ (aorist first-person singular)
baxori (aorist second-person singular)
baxori (aorist singular third-person)
baxořǫ (first-person present singular)
baxoriši (present second-person singular)
baxoritь (present singular third-person)
baxorixově (aorist dual first-person)
baxorista (aorist dual second-person)
baxoriste (aorist dual third-person)
baxorivě (dual first-person present)
baxorita (dual present second-person)
baxorite (dual present third-person)
baxorixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
baxoriste (aorist plural second-person)
baxorišę (aorist plural third-person)
baxorimъ (first-person plural present)
baxorite (plural present second-person)
baxorętь (plural present third-person)
baxořaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
baxořaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
baxořaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
baxori (imperative second-person singular)
baxori (imperative singular third-person)
baxořaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
baxořaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
baxořaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
baxorivě (dual first-person imperative)
baxorita (dual imperative second-person)
baxořaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
baxořaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
baxořaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
baxorimъ (first-person imperative plural)
baxorite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: бахо́рить (baxóritʹ) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: ба́хорити (báxoryty)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ба̏хорити

Latin script: bȁxoriti

Slovene: bahoríti

West Slavic:

Czech: bachořiti

*bax- (“incantation, mumbling, gosip”) + *-oriti


prędati

prę̀dati (canonical)
a (accent-paradigm)
prędanьje (noun-from-verb)
prędati (infinitive)
prędatъ (supine)
prędalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
prędanъ (participle passive past)
prędajemъ (participle passive present)
prędavъ (active participle past)
prędaję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
prędaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
pręda (aorist second-person singular)
pręda (aorist singular third-person)
prędajǫ (first-person present singular)
prędaješi (present second-person singular)
prędajetь (present singular third-person)
prędaxově (aorist dual first-person)
prędasta (aorist dual second-person)
prędaste (aorist dual third-person)
prędajevě (dual first-person present)
prędajeta (dual present second-person)
prędajete (dual present third-person)
prędaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
prędaste (aorist plural second-person)
prędašę (aorist plural third-person)
prędajemъ (first-person plural present)
prędajete (plural present second-person)
prędajǫtь (plural present third-person)
prędaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
prędaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
prędaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
prędaji (imperative second-person singular)
prędaji (imperative singular third-person)
prędaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
prędaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
prędaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
prędajivě (dual first-person imperative)
prędajita (dual imperative second-person)
prędaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
prędaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
prędaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
prędajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
prędajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

desc

Russian: пря́дать (prjádatʹ) (dated, regional)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: преда́ (predá); пре́ндам (préndam), пре́нда (prénda) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пре̏дати

Latin script: prȅdati

Slovene: predáti (tonal orthography)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)prend-. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *sprintaną (“to jump up; bounce”) (whence Old Norse spretta).


prędnǫti

prę̀dnǫti (canonical)
a (accent-paradigm)
prędnovenьje (noun-from-verb)
prędnǫti (infinitive)
prędnǫtъ (supine)
prędnǫlъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
prędnovenъ (participle passive past)
prędnomъ (participle passive present)
prędnǫvъ (active participle past)
prędny (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
prędnǫxъ (aorist first-person singular)
prędnǫ (aorist second-person singular)
prędnǫ (aorist singular third-person)
prędnǫ (first-person present singular)
prędneši (present second-person singular)
prędnetь (present singular third-person)
prędnǫxově (aorist dual first-person)
prędnǫsta (aorist dual second-person)
prędnǫste (aorist dual third-person)
prędnevě (dual first-person present)
prędneta (dual present second-person)
prędnete (dual present third-person)
prędnǫxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
prędnǫste (aorist plural second-person)
prędnǫšę (aorist plural third-person)
prędnemъ (first-person plural present)
prędnete (plural present second-person)
prędnǫtь (plural present third-person)
prędněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
prędněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
prędněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
prędni (imperative second-person singular)
prędni (imperative singular third-person)
prędněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
prędněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
prędněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
prędněvě (dual first-person imperative)
prędněta (dual imperative second-person)
prędněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
prędněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
prędněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
prędněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
prędněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

Belarusian: пря́нуць (prjánucʹ)

Russian: пря́нуть (prjánutʹ) (obsolete)

Ukrainian: пря́нути (prjánuty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: въспрѧнѫти

Unspecified script:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пре̏нути

Latin script: prȅnuti

From *pręd- (“to leap, to step”) + *-nǫti.


smaliti

smaľenьje (noun-from-verb)
smaliti (infinitive)
smalitъ (supine)
smalilъ (l-participle)
smaľenъ (participle passive past)
smalimъ (participle passive present)
smaľь (active participle past)
smalę (active participle present)
smalixъ (aorist first-person singular)
smali (aorist second-person singular)
smali (aorist singular third-person)
smaľǫ (first-person present singular)
smališi (present second-person singular)
smalitь (present singular third-person)
smalixově (aorist dual first-person)
smalista (aorist dual second-person)
smaliste (aorist dual third-person)
smalivě (dual first-person present)
smalita (dual present second-person)
smalite (dual present third-person)
smalixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
smaliste (aorist plural second-person)
smališę (aorist plural third-person)
smalimъ (first-person plural present)
smalite (plural present second-person)
smalętь (plural present third-person)
smaľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
smaľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
smaľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
smali (imperative second-person singular)
smali (imperative singular third-person)
smaľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
smaľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
smaľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
smalivě (dual first-person imperative)
smalita (dual imperative second-person)
smaľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
smaľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
smaľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
smalimъ (first-person imperative plural)
smalite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *смалити (*smaliti)

Old Ruthenian: *смали́ти (*smalíti)

Belarusian: смалі́ць (smalícʹ)

Ukrainian: смали́ти (smalýty)

Russian: сма́лить (smálitʹ)

West Slavic:

Polish: smalić

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: smaliś

Upper Sorbian: smalić


postignǫti

postigati (imperfective)
postiženьje (noun-from-verb)
postignǫti (infinitive)
postignǫtъ (supine)
postiglъ (l-participle)
postiženъ (participle passive past)
postigъ (active participle past)
postigъ (aorist first-person singular)
postigoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
postiže (aorist second-person singular)
postiže (aorist singular third-person)
postignǫ (first-person present singular)
postigneši (present second-person singular)
postignetь (present singular third-person)
postigově (aorist dual first-person)
postigoxově (aorist dual first-person)
postigeta (aorist dual second-person)
postigosta (aorist dual second-person)
postigete (aorist dual third-person)
postigoste (aorist dual third-person)
postignevě (dual first-person present)
postigneta (dual present second-person)
postignete (dual present third-person)
postigomъ (aorist first-person plural)
postigoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
postigete (aorist plural second-person)
postigoste (aorist plural second-person)
postigǫ (aorist plural third-person)
postigošę (aorist plural third-person)
postignemъ (first-person plural present)
postignete (plural present second-person)
postignǫtь (plural present third-person)
postigni (imperative second-person singular)
postigni (imperative singular third-person)
postigněvě (dual first-person imperative)
postigněta (dual imperative second-person)
postigněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
postigněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Russian: пости́гнуть (postígnutʹ), пости́чь (postíčʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: постигнѫти (postignǫti)

Bulgarian: постигна (postigna)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: постигнути, по̀стићи

Latin script: pòstignuti, pòstići

West Slavic:

Czech: postihnout


dvignǫti

dvigati (imperfective)
dviženьje (noun-from-verb)
dvignǫti (infinitive)
dvignǫtъ (supine)
dviglъ (l-participle)
dviženъ (participle passive past)
dvigъ (active participle past)
dvigъ (aorist first-person singular)
dvigoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dviže (aorist second-person singular)
dviže (aorist singular third-person)
dvignǫ (first-person present singular)
dvigneši (present second-person singular)
dvignetь (present singular third-person)
dvigově (aorist dual first-person)
dvigoxově (aorist dual first-person)
dvigeta (aorist dual second-person)
dvigosta (aorist dual second-person)
dvigete (aorist dual third-person)
dvigoste (aorist dual third-person)
dvignevě (dual first-person present)
dvigneta (dual present second-person)
dvignete (dual present third-person)
dvigomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dvigoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dvigete (aorist plural second-person)
dvigoste (aorist plural second-person)
dvigǫ (aorist plural third-person)
dvigošę (aorist plural third-person)
dvignemъ (first-person plural present)
dvignete (plural present second-person)
dvignǫtь (plural present third-person)
dvigni (imperative second-person singular)
dvigni (imperative singular third-person)
dvigněvě (dual first-person imperative)
dvigněta (dual imperative second-person)
dvigněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
dvigněte (imperative plural second-person)
dvignovenьje (noun-from-verb)
dvignǫti (infinitive)
dvignǫtъ (supine)
dvignǫlъ (l-participle)
dvignovenъ (participle passive past)
dvignǫvъ (active participle past)
dvignǫxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dvignǫ (aorist second-person singular)
dvignǫ (aorist singular third-person)
dvignǫ (first-person present singular)
dvigneši (present second-person singular)
dvignetь (present singular third-person)
dvignǫxově (aorist dual first-person)
dvignǫsta (aorist dual second-person)
dvignǫste (aorist dual third-person)
dvignevě (dual first-person present)
dvigneta (dual present second-person)
dvignete (dual present third-person)
dvignǫxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dvignǫste (aorist plural second-person)
dvignǫšę (aorist plural third-person)
dvignemъ (first-person plural present)
dvignete (plural present second-person)
dvignǫtь (plural present third-person)
dvigni (imperative second-person singular)
dvigni (imperative singular third-person)
dvigněvě (dual first-person imperative)
dvigněta (dual imperative second-person)
dvigněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
dvigněte (imperative plural second-person)

Church Slavonic: двигнути (dvignuti), двинути (dvinuti) (Russian)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: двигнѫти (dvignǫti)
Old Ruthenian: дви́гнути (dvíhnuti)
Ukrainian: дви́нути (dvýnuty), дви́гнути (dvýhnuty)
Russian: дви́нуть (dvínutʹ)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: двигнѫти (dvignǫti)

Bulgarian: ди́гна (dígna)

Macedonian: дигне (digne)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ди̏гнути

Latin script: dȉgnuti

Slovene: dvígniti

West Slavic:

Czech: dvihnouti

Polabian: dvaignǫt

Old Polish: dźwignąć

Polish: dźwignąć

Slovak: dvihnúť

Slovincian: dwjygnõc


povinǫti

povinovati (imperfective)
povinovenьje (noun-from-verb)
povinǫti (infinitive)
povinǫtъ (supine)
povinǫlъ (l-participle)
povinovenъ (participle passive past)
povinǫvъ (active participle past)
povinǫxъ (aorist first-person singular)
povinǫ (aorist second-person singular)
povinǫ (aorist singular third-person)
povinǫ (first-person present singular)
povineši (present second-person singular)
povinetь (present singular third-person)
povinǫxově (aorist dual first-person)
povinǫsta (aorist dual second-person)
povinǫste (aorist dual third-person)
povinevě (dual first-person present)
povineta (dual present second-person)
povinete (dual present third-person)
povinǫxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
povinǫste (aorist plural second-person)
povinǫšę (aorist plural third-person)
povinemъ (first-person plural present)
povinete (plural present second-person)
povinǫtь (plural present third-person)
povini (imperative second-person singular)
povini (imperative singular third-person)
poviněvě (dual first-person imperative)
poviněta (dual imperative second-person)
poviněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
poviněte (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: повинѫти (povinǫti)


mьlknǫti

Slavic (South)
mьlčati (imperfective)
Slavic (North)
mьlčenьje (noun-from-verb)
mьlknǫti (infinitive)
mьlknǫtъ (supine)
mьlklъ (l-participle)
mьlčenъ (participle passive past)
mьlknomъ (participle passive present)
mьlkъ (active participle past)
mьlkny (active participle present)
mьlkъ (aorist first-person singular)
mьlkoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
mьlče (aorist second-person singular)
mьlče (aorist singular third-person)
mьlknǫ (first-person present singular)
mьlkneši (present second-person singular)
mьlknetь (present singular third-person)
mьlkově (aorist dual first-person)
mьlkoxově (aorist dual first-person)
mьlketa (aorist dual second-person)
mьlkosta (aorist dual second-person)
mьlkete (aorist dual third-person)
mьlkoste (aorist dual third-person)
mьlknevě (dual first-person present)
mьlkneta (dual present second-person)
mьlknete (dual present third-person)
mьlkomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mьlkoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mьlkete (aorist plural second-person)
mьlkoste (aorist plural second-person)
mьlkǫ (aorist plural third-person)
mьlkošę (aorist plural third-person)
mьlknemъ (first-person plural present)
mьlknete (plural present second-person)
mьlknǫtь (plural present third-person)
mьlkněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mьlkněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mьlkněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
mьlkni (imperative second-person singular)
mьlkni (imperative singular third-person)
mьlkněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mьlkněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mьlkněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mьlkněvě (dual first-person imperative)
mьlkněta (dual imperative second-person)
mьlkněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mьlkněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mьlkněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mьlkněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
mьlkněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: мо́ўкнуць (móŭknucʹ)

Russian: мо́лкнуть (mólknutʹ)

Ukrainian: мо́вкнути (móvknuty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: млъкнѫти (mlŭknǫti)

Bulgarian: млъ́кна (mlǎ́kna), млъ́кнувам (mlǎ́knuvam)

Macedonian: молкне (molkne)

Serbo-Croatian: му́кнути

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mlknúti

Czech: mlknout

Old Polish: milknąć

Polish: milknąć

Slovak: mĺknuť

Slovincian: ḿilknǫc, måłknoc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: mjelknyć, mjelknuć

By surface analysis, *mьlkъ + *-nǫti. See *mьlčati for further discussion.

(inchoative) to become silent, to shut up


myslěti

myslěnьje (noun-from-verb)
myslěti (infinitive)
myslětъ (supine)
myslělъ (l-participle)
myslěnъ (participle passive past)
myslimъ (participle passive present)
myslěvъ (active participle past)
myslę (active participle present)
myslěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
myslě (aorist second-person singular)
myslě (aorist singular third-person)
mysľǫ (first-person present singular)
mysliši (present second-person singular)
myslitь (present singular third-person)
myslěxově (aorist dual first-person)
myslěsta (aorist dual second-person)
myslěste (aorist dual third-person)
myslivě (dual first-person present)
myslita (dual present second-person)
myslite (dual present third-person)
myslěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
myslěste (aorist plural second-person)
myslěšę (aorist plural third-person)
myslimъ (first-person plural present)
myslite (plural present second-person)
myslętь (plural present third-person)
myslěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
myslěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
myslěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
mysli (imperative second-person singular)
mysli (imperative singular third-person)
myslěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
myslěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
myslěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
myslivě (dual first-person imperative)
myslita (dual imperative second-person)
myslěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
myslěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
myslěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
myslimъ (first-person imperative plural)
myslite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic: —

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: помꙑшлѣти (pomyšlěti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ми̏шљети

Latin script: mȉšljeti

West Slavic:

Czech: myslet

Polish: myśleć

Slovak: myslieť

From *myslь + *-ěti. Or reshaped from *mysliti.


běsiti

b (accent-paradigm)
běšenьje (noun-from-verb)
běsiti (infinitive)
běsitъ (supine)
běsilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
běšenъ (participle passive past)
běsimъ (participle passive present)
běšь (active participle past)
běsę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
běsixъ (aorist first-person singular)
běsi (aorist second-person singular)
běsi (aorist singular third-person)
běšǫ (first-person present singular)
běsiši (present second-person singular)
běsitь (present singular third-person)
běsixově (aorist dual first-person)
běsista (aorist dual second-person)
běsiste (aorist dual third-person)
běsivě (dual first-person present)
běsita (dual present second-person)
běsite (dual present third-person)
běsixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
běsiste (aorist plural second-person)
běsišę (aorist plural third-person)
běsimъ (first-person plural present)
běsite (plural present second-person)
běsętь (plural present third-person)
běšaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
běšaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
běšaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
běsi (imperative second-person singular)
běsi (imperative singular third-person)
běšaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
běšaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
běšaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
běsivě (dual first-person imperative)
běsita (dual imperative second-person)
běšaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
běšaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
běšaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
běsimъ (first-person imperative plural)
běsite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: беси́ть (besítʹ)

Ukrainian: біси́тися (bisýtysja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: бѣсити (běsiti)

Bulgarian: беся́ се (besjá se, “to be mad”) (rare)

⇒ Bulgarian: вбеся̀вам (vbesjàvam, “to enrage”)

Serbo-Croatian: бе́сити се (rare)

West Slavic:

Polish: biesić (archaic)

Denominal causative from *běsъ (“rage, rabies”) + *-iti.


borniti

bornìti (canonical imperfective)
borněvati (perfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
borňenьje (noun-from-verb)
borniti (infinitive)
bornitъ (supine)
bornilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
borňenъ (participle passive past)
bornimъ (participle passive present)
borňь (active participle past)
bornę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
bornixъ (aorist first-person singular)
borni (aorist second-person singular)
borni (aorist singular third-person)
borňǫ (first-person present singular)
borniši (present second-person singular)
bornitь (present singular third-person)
bornixově (aorist dual first-person)
bornista (aorist dual second-person)
borniste (aorist dual third-person)
bornivě (dual first-person present)
bornita (dual present second-person)
bornite (dual present third-person)
bornixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
borniste (aorist plural second-person)
bornišę (aorist plural third-person)
bornimъ (first-person plural present)
bornite (plural present second-person)
bornętь (plural present third-person)
borňaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
borňaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
borňaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
borni (imperative second-person singular)
borni (imperative singular third-person)
borňaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
borňaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
borňaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bornivě (dual first-person imperative)
bornita (dual imperative second-person)
borňaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
borňaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
borňaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bornimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bornite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old Ruthenian: борони́ти (boroníti)

Ukrainian: борони́ти (boronýty)

Russian: борони́ть (boronítʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бра́ня (bránja)

Macedonian: брани (brani)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бранити

Latin script: braniti

Slovene: branīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: brániti

Czech: bránit

Kashubian: bronic

Polish: bronić


blazniti

blaznìti (canonical)
b (accent-paradigm)
blazňenьje (noun-from-verb)
blazniti (infinitive)
blaznitъ (supine)
blaznilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
blazňenъ (participle passive past)
blaznimъ (participle passive present)
blazňь (active participle past)
blaznę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
blaznixъ (aorist first-person singular)
blazni (aorist second-person singular)
blazni (aorist singular third-person)
blazňǫ (first-person present singular)
blazniši (present second-person singular)
blaznitь (present singular third-person)
blaznixově (aorist dual first-person)
blaznista (aorist dual second-person)
blazniste (aorist dual third-person)
blaznivě (dual first-person present)
blaznita (dual present second-person)
blaznite (dual present third-person)
blaznixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
blazniste (aorist plural second-person)
blaznišę (aorist plural third-person)
blaznimъ (first-person plural present)
blaznite (plural present second-person)
blaznętь (plural present third-person)
blazňaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
blazňaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
blazňaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
blazni (imperative second-person singular)
blazni (imperative singular third-person)
blazňaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
blazňaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
blazňaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
blaznivě (dual first-person imperative)
blaznita (dual imperative second-person)
blazňaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
blazňaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
blazňaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
blaznimъ (first-person imperative plural)
blaznite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: блазни́ть (blaznítʹ)

Ukrainian: блазни́тися (blaznýtysja, “to make fun of”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: блазнити (blazniti)

Bulgarian: бла̀зня (blàznja)

Macedonian: блазни (blazni)

Serbo-Croatian: blazniti

Slovene: blaznẹ́ti (ě-stem)

West Slavic:

Czech: bláznit

Polish: błaźnić

Slovak: blázniť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: błazniś

Upper Sorbian: błaznić

Causative denominal verb from *blaznь (“bait”) + *-iti, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleǵ- (“to strike”)


běditi

bě̄dìti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
běďenьje (noun-from-verb)
běditi (infinitive)
běditъ (supine)
bědilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
běďenъ (participle passive past)
bědimъ (participle passive present)
běďь (active participle past)
bědę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
bědixъ (aorist first-person singular)
bědi (aorist second-person singular)
bědi (aorist singular third-person)
běďǫ (first-person present singular)
bědiši (present second-person singular)
běditь (present singular third-person)
bědixově (aorist dual first-person)
bědista (aorist dual second-person)
bědiste (aorist dual third-person)
bědivě (dual first-person present)
bědita (dual present second-person)
bědite (dual present third-person)
bědixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bědiste (aorist plural second-person)
bědišę (aorist plural third-person)
bědimъ (first-person plural present)
bědite (plural present second-person)
bědętь (plural present third-person)
běďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
běďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
běďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bědi (imperative second-person singular)
bědi (imperative singular third-person)
běďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
běďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
běďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bědivě (dual first-person imperative)
bědita (dual imperative second-person)
běďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
běďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
běďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bědimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bědite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: беди́ть (bedítʹ)

Ukrainian: біди́ти (bidýty, “to cuss”)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: бѣдити (běditi, “to persuade, to force”)

Bulgarian: бедя́ (bedjá, “to accuse, to slander; to persuade, to exhort”) (dated, dialectal)

Macedonian: беди (bedi, “to slander”)

Serbo-Croatian: bijèditi

West Slavic:

Czech: bíditi, běditi (obsolete)

Old Polish: biedzić

Polish: biedzić (“to trouble smb or oneself”)

Slovak: biediť

Presumably from *běda (“trouble, calamity”) + *-iti, with some of the meanings possibly from an alternative origin. Trubachev considers a convergence of proper *běditi (“to defeat, to compel”) from *běda and secondary *bisti/*biditi → *běditi (“to persuade, to exhort”) ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéydʰeti (“to persuade”) (attested in Ancient Greek πείθω (peíthō, “to convice, to pursuade”)).
Considered in the past (by Hirt, Meillet) a borrowing from Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (baidjan, “to compel”), but per Vasmer more likely just a cognate.

cog

to persuade, to exhort, to talk someone into (in South Slavic) (possibly a separate verb)

to accuse, to slander, to badmouth (in South Slavic) (possibly a separate verb)


cěpiti

cěpìti (canonical imperfective)
cěpnǫti (perfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
cěpľenьje (noun-from-verb)
cěpiti (infinitive)
cěpitъ (supine)
cěpilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
cěpľenъ (participle passive past)
cěpimъ (participle passive present)
cěpľь (active participle past)
cěpę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
cěpixъ (aorist first-person singular)
cěpi (aorist second-person singular)
cěpi (aorist singular third-person)
cěpľǫ (first-person present singular)
cěpiši (present second-person singular)
cěpitь (present singular third-person)
cěpixově (aorist dual first-person)
cěpista (aorist dual second-person)
cěpiste (aorist dual third-person)
cěpivě (dual first-person present)
cěpita (dual present second-person)
cěpite (dual present third-person)
cěpixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
cěpiste (aorist plural second-person)
cěpišę (aorist plural third-person)
cěpimъ (first-person plural present)
cěpite (plural present second-person)
cěpętь (plural present third-person)
cěpľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
cěpľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
cěpľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
cěpi (imperative second-person singular)
cěpi (imperative singular third-person)
cěpľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
cěpľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
cěpľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
cěpivě (dual first-person imperative)
cěpita (dual imperative second-person)
cěpľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
cěpľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
cěpľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
cěpimъ (first-person imperative plural)
cěpite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: -цепи́ть (-cepítʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: це́пя (cépja)

Macedonian: цепи (cepi)

Serbo-Croatian:

desc

Cyrillic script: це́пити, ције́пити

Cyrillic script: це́пити, ције́пити

Latin script: cépiti, cijépiti

Slovene: cepīti (tonal orthography)

From pre-Slavic *(s)koyp- (“to chop, to split”) + *-éyeti. Akin to Proto-Germanic *skiftijaną (“to shift”).


(s)kvьrčěti

kvьrčěnьje (noun-from-verb)
skvьrčěnьje (noun-from-verb)
kvьrčěti (infinitive)
skvьrčěti (infinitive)
kvьrčětъ (supine)
skvьrčětъ (supine)
kvьrčělъ (l-participle)
skvьrčělъ (l-participle)
kvьrčěvъ (active participle past)
skvьrčěvъ (active participle past)
kvьrčę (active participle present)
skvьrčę (active participle present)
kvьrčěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
skvьrčěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kvьrčě (aorist second-person singular)
skvьrčě (aorist second-person singular)
kvьrčě (aorist singular third-person)
skvьrčě (aorist singular third-person)
kvьrčǫ (first-person present singular)
skvьrčǫ (first-person present singular)
kvьrčiši (present second-person singular)
skvьrčiši (present second-person singular)
kvьrčitь (present singular third-person)
skvьrčitь (present singular third-person)
kvьrčěxově (aorist dual first-person)
skvьrčěxově (aorist dual first-person)
kvьrčěsta (aorist dual second-person)
skvьrčěsta (aorist dual second-person)
kvьrčěste (aorist dual third-person)
skvьrčěste (aorist dual third-person)
kvьrčivě (dual first-person present)
skvьrčivě (dual first-person present)
kvьrčita (dual present second-person)
skvьrčita (dual present second-person)
kvьrčite (dual present third-person)
skvьrčite (dual present third-person)
kvьrčěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
skvьrčěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kvьrčěste (aorist plural second-person)
skvьrčěste (aorist plural second-person)
kvьrčěšę (aorist plural third-person)
skvьrčěšę (aorist plural third-person)
kvьrčimъ (first-person plural present)
skvьrčimъ (first-person plural present)
kvьrčite (plural present second-person)
skvьrčite (plural present second-person)
kvьrčętь (plural present third-person)
skvьrčętь (plural present third-person)
kvьrčěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
skvьrčěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kvьrčěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
skvьrčěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kvьrčěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
skvьrčěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kvьrči (imperative second-person singular)
skvьrči (imperative second-person singular)
kvьrči (imperative singular third-person)
skvьrči (imperative singular third-person)
kvьrčěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
skvьrčěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kvьrčěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
skvьrčěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kvьrčěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
skvьrčěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kvьrčivě (dual first-person imperative)
skvьrčivě (dual first-person imperative)
kvьrčita (dual imperative second-person)
skvьrčita (dual imperative second-person)
kvьrčěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
skvьrčěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kvьrčěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
skvьrčěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kvьrčěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
skvьrčěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kvьrčimъ (first-person imperative plural)
skvьrčimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kvьrčite (imperative plural second-person)
skvьrčite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: свірча́ць (svirčácʹ)

Russian: сверчать (sverčatʹ)

Ukrainian: цвірча́ти (cvirčáty)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: свръчати (svrŭčati)

Bulgarian: цвърча (cvǎrča)

Serbo-Croatian: цвр́чати

Slovene: cvrčáti, svŕčati

West Slavic:

Czech: cvrčeti, svrčeti

Kashubian: czwierczec

Polish: ćwierczeć, skwierczeć

Slovak: svrčаt᾽

Of onomatopoeic origin, formed as *(s)kvьrъ (“creak, squeak”) + *-čěti. The daughter languages, which lost the s-mobile, have undergone second palatalization of the onset cluster *kvь- > *cvь-.


dunǫti

dunovenьje (noun-from-verb)
dunǫti (infinitive)
dunǫtъ (supine)
dunǫlъ (l-participle)
dunǫvъ (active participle past)
dunǫxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dunǫ (aorist second-person singular)
dunǫ (aorist singular third-person)
dunǫ (first-person present singular)
duneši (present second-person singular)
dunetь (present singular third-person)
dunǫxově (aorist dual first-person)
dunǫsta (aorist dual second-person)
dunǫste (aorist dual third-person)
dunevě (dual first-person present)
duneta (dual present second-person)
dunete (dual present third-person)
dunǫxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dunǫste (aorist plural second-person)
dunǫšę (aorist plural third-person)
dunemъ (first-person plural present)
dunete (plural present second-person)
dunǫtь (plural present third-person)
duni (imperative second-person singular)
duni (imperative singular third-person)
duněvě (dual first-person imperative)
duněta (dual imperative second-person)
duněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
duněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: ду́нуть (dúnutʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: доунѫти (dunǫti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ду́нути

Latin script: dúnuti

Slovene: dúniti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dunúti


čerpti

čьrpenьje (noun-from-verb)
čerpti (infinitive)
čerptъ (supine)
čьrplъ (l-participle)
čьrpenъ (participle passive past)
čьrpomъ (participle passive present)
čьrpъ (active participle past)
čьrpy (active participle present)
čьrpъ (aorist first-person singular)
čьrpoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
čьrpe (aorist second-person singular)
čьrpe (aorist singular third-person)
čьrpǫ (first-person present singular)
čьrpeši (present second-person singular)
čьrpetь (present singular third-person)
čьrpově (aorist dual first-person)
čьrpoxově (aorist dual first-person)
čьrpeta (aorist dual second-person)
čьrposta (aorist dual second-person)
čьrpete (aorist dual third-person)
čьrposte (aorist dual third-person)
čьrpevě (dual first-person present)
čьrpeta (dual present second-person)
čьrpete (dual present third-person)
čьrpomъ (aorist first-person plural)
čьrpoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
čьrpete (aorist plural second-person)
čьrposte (aorist plural second-person)
čьrpǫ (aorist plural third-person)
čьrpošę (aorist plural third-person)
čьrpemъ (first-person plural present)
čьrpete (plural present second-person)
čьrpǫtь (plural present third-person)
čьrpěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
čьrpěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
čьrpěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
čьrpi (imperative second-person singular)
čьrpi (imperative singular third-person)
čьrpěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
čьrpěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
čьrpěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
čьrpěvě (dual first-person imperative)
čьrpěta (dual imperative second-person)
čьrpěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
čьrpěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
čьrpěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
čьrpěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
čьrpěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: черці (čjerci)

Ukrainian: чере́ти (čeréty), черпсти́ (čerpstý)

Russian: че́рти (čérti)

South Slavic:

⇒ Old Church Slavonic: почрѣти (počrěti)

Church Slavonic: чръти (črŭti), чръсти (črŭsti), чрърсти (črŭrsti)

Bulgarian: че́рпа (čérpa); чъ́рпа (čǎ́rpa), цъ́рпа (cǎ́rpa) (dialectal)

Macedonian: црпе (crpe)

Serbo-Croatian: cȑpsti

Chakavian Serbo-Croatian: čristi

West Slavic:

Old Czech: čřieti

Czech: čříti (dated)

Old Polish: *czrzeć

⇒ Old Polish: naczarli (3rd person plural past)

Slovak: črieť

Sorbian:

⇒ Lower Sorbian: načrěć

Upper Sorbian: crěś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kerptei, *kirptei, from Proto-Indo-European *kerp-, from *(s)ker-. Cognate with Latvian cìrpt (“to shave”), Lithuanian kir̃pti (“to cut, chop”).

to scoop, draw (about water or something loose)


dyšati

dyšàti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
dyšanьje (noun-from-verb)
dyšati (infinitive)
dyšatъ (supine)
dyšalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
dyšanъ (participle passive past)
dyšimъ (participle passive present)
dyšavъ (active participle past)
dyšę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
dyšaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dyša (aorist second-person singular)
dyša (aorist singular third-person)
dyšǫ (first-person present singular)
dyšiši (present second-person singular)
dyšitь (present singular third-person)
dyšaxově (aorist dual first-person)
dyšasta (aorist dual second-person)
dyšaste (aorist dual third-person)
dyšivě (dual first-person present)
dyšita (dual present second-person)
dyšite (dual present third-person)
dyšaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dyšaste (aorist plural second-person)
dyšašę (aorist plural third-person)
dyšimъ (first-person plural present)
dyšite (plural present second-person)
dyšętь (plural present third-person)
dyšaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dyšaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dyšaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dyši (imperative second-person singular)
dyši (imperative singular third-person)
dyšaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dyšaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dyšaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dyšivě (dual first-person imperative)
dyšita (dual imperative second-person)
dyšaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dyšaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dyšaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dyšimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dyšite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: дыша́ть (dyšátʹ)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: dȉšati, dȉšiti

Slovene: dišáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Polish: dyszeć

From an earlier *dyxěti, formed as *dyxъ (“whiff”) + *-ěti. Cognate with Lithuanian dūsė́ti (“to gasp”) and akin to Lithuanian dusė́ti (“to cough”), Latvian dusêt (“to gasp, to breathe”).


dyšati

dyšanьje (noun-from-verb)
dyšati (infinitive)
dyšatъ (supine)
dyšalъ (l-participle)
dyšanъ (participle passive past)
dyšajemъ (participle passive present)
dyšavъ (active participle past)
dyšaję (active participle present)
dyšaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dyša (aorist second-person singular)
dyša (aorist singular third-person)
dyšajǫ (first-person present singular)
dyšaješi (present second-person singular)
dyšajetь (present singular third-person)
dyšaxově (aorist dual first-person)
dyšasta (aorist dual second-person)
dyšaste (aorist dual third-person)
dyšajevě (dual first-person present)
dyšajeta (dual present second-person)
dyšajete (dual present third-person)
dyšaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dyšaste (aorist plural second-person)
dyšašę (aorist plural third-person)
dyšajemъ (first-person plural present)
dyšajete (plural present second-person)
dyšajǫtь (plural present third-person)
dyšaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dyšaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dyšaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dyšaji (imperative second-person singular)
dyšaji (imperative singular third-person)
dyšaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dyšaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dyšaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dyšajivě (dual first-person imperative)
dyšajita (dual imperative second-person)
dyšaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dyšaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dyšaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dyšajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dyšajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ди́шам (díšam)

Macedonian: дише (diše)

Secondary iterative form of the intensive *dyxati + *-jati. Akin to Lithuanian dūsúoti (“to breathe heavily”).


sloniti

slonìti (canonical imperfective)
slaněti (perfective)
sloniti (infinitive)
slonitъ (supine)
slonjenьje (noun-from-verb)
slonę (active present)
slonjь (active past)
slonimъ (passive present)
slonjenъ (passive past)
slonilъ (past resultative)
slonjǫ (first-person present singular)
slonišь (present second-person singular)
sloni (imperative second-person singular)
slonitь (present singular third-person)
sloni (imperative singular third-person)
slonivě (dual first-person present)
slonivě (dual first-person imperative)
slonita (dual present second-person)
slonita (dual imperative second-person)
slonite (dual present third-person)
slonite (dual imperative third-person)
slonimъ (first-person plural present)
slonimъ (first-person imperative plural)
slonite (plural present second-person)
slonite (imperative plural second-person)
slonętь (plural present third-person)
slonjaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
slonixъ (aorist first-person singular)
slonjaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sloni (aorist second-person singular)
slonjaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sloni (aorist singular third-person)
slonjaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
slonixově (aorist dual first-person)
slonjaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
slonista (aorist dual second-person)
slonjaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sloniste (aorist dual third-person)
slonjaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
slonixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
slonjaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sloniste (aorist plural second-person)
slonjaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
slonišę (aorist plural third-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: -слони́ть (-slonítʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: слонити (sloniti)

Bulgarian: слоня (slonja)

Macedonian: слони (sloni) (dialectal)

⇒ Serbo-Croatian: zaslòniti

West Slavic:

Czech: slonit, clonit

Polish: słonić, słaniać

Slovak: slоniť, cloniť

Formed as *slonъ (“shed, offset”) + *-iti.


dyxati

dyxàti (canonical imperfective)
dyxnǫti (perfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
dyxanьje (noun-from-verb)
dyxati (infinitive)
dyxatъ (supine)
dyxalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
dyxanъ (participle passive past)
dyšemъ (participle passive present)
dyxavъ (active participle past)
dyšę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
dyxaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dyxa (aorist second-person singular)
dyxa (aorist singular third-person)
dyšǫ (first-person present singular)
dyšeši (present second-person singular)
dyšetь (present singular third-person)
dyxaxově (aorist dual first-person)
dyxasta (aorist dual second-person)
dyxaste (aorist dual third-person)
dyševě (dual first-person present)
dyšeta (dual present second-person)
dyšete (dual present third-person)
dyxaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dyxaste (aorist plural second-person)
dyxašę (aorist plural third-person)
dyšemъ (first-person plural present)
dyšete (plural present second-person)
dyšǫtь (plural present third-person)
dyxaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dyxaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dyxaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dyši (imperative second-person singular)
dyši (imperative singular third-person)
dyxaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dyxaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dyxaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dyšivě (dual first-person imperative)
dyšita (dual imperative second-person)
dyxaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dyxaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dyxaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dyšimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dyšite (imperative plural second-person)
a (accent-paradigm)
dyxanьje (noun-from-verb)
dyxati (infinitive)
dyxatъ (supine)
dyxalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
dyxanъ (participle passive past)
dyxajemъ (participle passive present)
dyxavъ (active participle past)
dyxaję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
dyxaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dyxa (aorist second-person singular)
dyxa (aorist singular third-person)
dyxajǫ (first-person present singular)
dyxaješi (present second-person singular)
dyxajetь (present singular third-person)
dyxaxově (aorist dual first-person)
dyxasta (aorist dual second-person)
dyxaste (aorist dual third-person)
dyxajevě (dual first-person present)
dyxajeta (dual present second-person)
dyxajete (dual present third-person)
dyxaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dyxaste (aorist plural second-person)
dyxašę (aorist plural third-person)
dyxajemъ (first-person plural present)
dyxajete (plural present second-person)
dyxajǫtь (plural present third-person)
dyxaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dyxaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dyxaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dyxaji (imperative second-person singular)
dyxaji (imperative singular third-person)
dyxaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dyxaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dyxaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dyxajivě (dual first-person imperative)
dyxajita (dual imperative second-person)
dyxaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dyxaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dyxaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dyxajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dyxajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ды́хаць (dýxacʹ)

Russian: ды́хать (dýxatʹ) (obsolete)

Ukrainian: ди́хати (dýxaty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: дꙑхати (dyxati)

Bulgarian: дихая (dihaja) (archaic), дихам (diham), дихвам (dihvam)

Macedonian: дише (diše), dial. дија (dija)

Serbo-Croatian: (Chakavian)

Cyrillic script: дихати

Latin script: díhati, dȉhati

Slovene: díhati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dýchati

Czech: dýchat

Polish: dychać (archaic)

Slovak: dýchať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: dychać

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: dihat

Formed as *dyxъ (“whiff”) + *-ati, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *dáuṣas, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰus-, *dʰūs-, *dʰwes- (“to blow”), see also Latvian dvest (“to breathe”), Lithuanian dūsúoti (“to breathe heavily”).


dušiti

dušìti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
dušenьje (noun-from-verb)
dušiti (infinitive)
dušitъ (supine)
dušilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
dušenъ (participle passive past)
dušimъ (participle passive present)
dušь (active participle past)
dušę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
dušixъ (aorist first-person singular)
duši (aorist second-person singular)
duši (aorist singular third-person)
dušǫ (first-person present singular)
dušiši (present second-person singular)
dušitь (present singular third-person)
dušixově (aorist dual first-person)
dušista (aorist dual second-person)
dušiste (aorist dual third-person)
dušivě (dual first-person present)
dušita (dual present second-person)
dušite (dual present third-person)
dušixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dušiste (aorist plural second-person)
dušišę (aorist plural third-person)
dušimъ (first-person plural present)
dušite (plural present second-person)
dušętь (plural present third-person)
dušaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dušaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dušaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
duši (imperative second-person singular)
duši (imperative singular third-person)
dušaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dušaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dušaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dušivě (dual first-person imperative)
dušita (dual imperative second-person)
dušaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dušaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dušaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dušimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dušite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: душы́ць (dušýcʹ)

Russian: души́ть (dušítʹ)

Ukrainian: души́ти (dušýty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: душа́ (dušá)

Macedonian: души (duši) (literary), гуши (guši)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ду́шити (literary), гу́шити

Latin script: dúšiti (literary), gúšiti

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: dušíti, dušȋti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: dusit

Kashubian: dëszëc, dusëc

Polish: dusić

Slovak: dusiť

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *dʰews- (“to breathe”) + *-éyeti.


dušiti

dȗšiti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
dušenьje (noun-from-verb)
dušiti (infinitive)
dušitъ (supine)
dušilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
dušenъ (participle passive past)
dušimъ (participle passive present)
dušь (active participle past)
dušę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
dušixъ (aorist first-person singular)
duši (aorist second-person singular)
duši (aorist singular third-person)
dušǫ (first-person present singular)
dušiši (present second-person singular)
dušitь (present singular third-person)
dušixově (aorist dual first-person)
dušista (aorist dual second-person)
dušiste (aorist dual third-person)
dušivě (dual first-person present)
dušita (dual present second-person)
dušite (dual present third-person)
dušixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dušiste (aorist plural second-person)
dušišę (aorist plural third-person)
dušimъ (first-person plural present)
dušite (plural present second-person)
dušętь (plural present third-person)
dušaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dušaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dušaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
duši (imperative second-person singular)
duši (imperative singular third-person)
dušaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dušaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dušaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dušivě (dual first-person imperative)
dušita (dual imperative second-person)
dušaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dušaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dušaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dušimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dušite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Belarusian: душы́ць (dušýcʹ, “to perfume”)

Russian: души́ть (dušítʹ, “to perfume”)

Ukrainian: души́ти (dušýty, “to perfume”)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ду́ша (dúša, “to sniff, to try to smell”)

Macedonian: ду́шне (dúšne), ду́шка (dúška)

Denominal verb from *duxъ (“spirit”) + *-iti.


čisti

čistì (canonical imperfective)
čitati (frequentative)
c (accent-paradigm)
čьtenьje (noun-from-verb)
čisti (infinitive)
čistъ (supine)
čьtlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
čьtenъ (participle passive past)
čьtomъ (participle passive present)
čьtъ (active participle past)
čьty (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
čьtъ (aorist first-person singular)
čьtoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
čьte (aorist second-person singular)
čьte (aorist singular third-person)
čьtǫ (first-person present singular)
čьteši (present second-person singular)
čьtetь (present singular third-person)
čьtově (aorist dual first-person)
čьtoxově (aorist dual first-person)
čьteta (aorist dual second-person)
čьtosta (aorist dual second-person)
čьtete (aorist dual third-person)
čьtoste (aorist dual third-person)
čьtevě (dual first-person present)
čьteta (dual present second-person)
čьtete (dual present third-person)
čьtomъ (aorist first-person plural)
čьtoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
čьtete (aorist plural second-person)
čьtoste (aorist plural second-person)
čьtǫ (aorist plural third-person)
čьtošę (aorist plural third-person)
čьtemъ (first-person plural present)
čьtete (plural present second-person)
čьtǫtь (plural present third-person)
čьtěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
čьtěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
čьtěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
čьti (imperative second-person singular)
čьti (imperative singular third-person)
čьtěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
čьtěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
čьtěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
čьtěvě (dual first-person imperative)
čьtěta (dual imperative second-person)
čьtěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
čьtěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
čьtěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
čьtěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
čьtěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: чисти (čisti), ⇒ чьсти (čĭsti), чести (česti)

⇒ Ukrainian: чти́ти (čtýty)

⇒ Russian: честь (čestʹ) (obsolete, dialectal), чтить (čtitʹ) (bookish)

⇒ Old Novgorodian: чьсти (čĭsti)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: чисти (čisti)

Glagolitic script: ⱍⰻⱄⱅⰻ (čisti)

Old Serbo-Croatian: čisti (attested 13-16 cent.)

⇒ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: (obsolete) ча̀тити, ча̀тати, чта̏ти, чти̏ти, чтјети, (dialectal) шти̏ти, штјети, штети

Latin script: (obsolete) čàtiti, čàtati, čtȁti, čtȉti, čtjeti, (dialectal) štȉti, štjeti, šteti

⇒ Slovene: štéti, čtéti (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: čísti

Czech: číst

Old Polish: czyść, ⇒ czcić

Polish: czyść (obsolete)

Polabian: catĕ (3. sg. praes.)

Pomeranian:

⇒ Kashubian: tczëc

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *(s)keistéi (mobile accent), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷeyt-. Cognate with Latvian šķist (“to think, to suppose”).

to count (determine the total number of)

to read (to interpret, or infer a meaning, significance, thought, intention)

to pay attention, to pay heed, to notice, to perceive, to comprehend, to understand

to honour, to worship, to esteem, to respect


duxati

duxàti (canonical imperfective)
duxnǫti (perfective)
duxanьje (noun-from-verb)
duxati (infinitive)
duxatъ (supine)
duxalъ (l-participle)
duxanъ (participle passive past)
duxajemъ (participle passive present)
duxavъ (active participle past)
duxaję (active participle present)
duxaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
duxa (aorist second-person singular)
duxa (aorist singular third-person)
duxajǫ (first-person present singular)
duxaješi (present second-person singular)
duxajetь (present singular third-person)
duxaxově (aorist dual first-person)
duxasta (aorist dual second-person)
duxaste (aorist dual third-person)
duxajevě (dual first-person present)
duxajeta (dual present second-person)
duxajete (dual present third-person)
duxaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
duxaste (aorist plural second-person)
duxašę (aorist plural third-person)
duxajemъ (first-person plural present)
duxajete (plural present second-person)
duxajǫtь (plural present third-person)
duxaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
duxaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
duxaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
duxaji (imperative second-person singular)
duxaji (imperative singular third-person)
duxaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
duxaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
duxaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
duxajivě (dual first-person imperative)
duxajita (dual imperative second-person)
duxaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
duxaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
duxaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
duxajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
duxajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: духати (duxati)

Ukrainian: ду́хати (dúxaty) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: доухати (duxati)

Bulgarian: ду́хам (dúham)

Macedonian: дува (duva)

Serbo-Croatian: ду́хати

Slovene: dúhati

West Slavic:

Czech: douchati

Polish: duchać

Slovak: dúchat'

Factitive-iterative verb from *duxъ (“breath, sprite”) + *-ati, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰews- (“to breathe”). Related via schwebeablaut to *dvoxati (“to breathe heavily”).


sъkati

sъkanьje (noun-from-verb)
sъkati (infinitive)
sъkatъ (supine)
sъkalъ (l-participle)
sъkanъ (participle passive past)
sъkomъ (participle passive present)
sъkavъ (active participle past)
sъky (active participle present)
sъkaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sъka (aorist second-person singular)
sъka (aorist singular third-person)
sъkǫ (first-person present singular)
sъčeši (present second-person singular)
sъčetь (present singular third-person)
sъkaxově (aorist dual first-person)
sъkasta (aorist dual second-person)
sъkaste (aorist dual third-person)
sъčevě (dual first-person present)
sъčeta (dual present second-person)
sъčete (dual present third-person)
sъkaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sъkaste (aorist plural second-person)
sъkašę (aorist plural third-person)
sъčemъ (first-person plural present)
sъčete (plural present second-person)
sъkǫtь (plural present third-person)
sъkaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sъkaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sъkaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sъci (imperative second-person singular)
sъci (imperative singular third-person)
sъkaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sъkaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sъkaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sъcěvě (dual first-person imperative)
sъcěta (dual imperative second-person)
sъkaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sъkaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sъkaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sъcěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
sъcěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: съкати (sŭkati)

Russian: скать (skatʹ)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: skáti

From Proto-Indo-European *suk-é-ti, from *sewk-. Cognate with Lithuanian sùkti (“to twist”), Proto-Germanic *swanhaną (“to swing”) (whence English sway, Dutch zwaaien (“to sway, wave”)).


sukati

sukàti (canonical)
sukanьje (noun-from-verb)
sukati (infinitive)
sukatъ (supine)
sukalъ (l-participle)
sukanъ (participle passive past)
sukajemъ (participle passive present)
sukavъ (active participle past)
sukaję (active participle present)
sukaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
suka (aorist second-person singular)
suka (aorist singular third-person)
sukajǫ (first-person present singular)
sukaješi (present second-person singular)
sukajetь (present singular third-person)
sukaxově (aorist dual first-person)
sukasta (aorist dual second-person)
sukaste (aorist dual third-person)
sukajevě (dual first-person present)
sukajeta (dual present second-person)
sukajete (dual present third-person)
sukaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sukaste (aorist plural second-person)
sukašę (aorist plural third-person)
sukajemъ (first-person plural present)
sukajete (plural present second-person)
sukajǫtь (plural present third-person)
sukaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sukaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sukaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sukaji (imperative second-person singular)
sukaji (imperative singular third-person)
sukaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sukaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sukaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sukajivě (dual first-person imperative)
sukajita (dual imperative second-person)
sukaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sukaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sukaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sukajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sukajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

Russian: сука́ть (sukátʹ)

Ukrainian: сука́ти (sukáty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: су́ча (súča), су́кам (súkam) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: су́кати

Latin script: súkati

Slovene: súkati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: súkati

Czech: soukat

Old Polish: sukać

Slovak: súkať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: sukaś

Upper Sorbian: sukać


grakati

gràkati (canonical)
grakanьje (noun-from-verb)
grakati (infinitive)
grakatъ (supine)
grakalъ (l-participle)
grakanъ (participle passive past)
grakajemъ (participle passive present)
grakavъ (active participle past)
grakaję (active participle present)
grakaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
graka (aorist second-person singular)
graka (aorist singular third-person)
grakajǫ (first-person present singular)
grakaješi (present second-person singular)
grakajetь (present singular third-person)
grakaxově (aorist dual first-person)
grakasta (aorist dual second-person)
grakaste (aorist dual third-person)
grakajevě (dual first-person present)
grakajeta (dual present second-person)
grakajete (dual present third-person)
grakaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
grakaste (aorist plural second-person)
grakašę (aorist plural third-person)
grakajemъ (first-person plural present)
grakajete (plural present second-person)
grakajǫtь (plural present third-person)
grakaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
grakaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
grakaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
grakaji (imperative second-person singular)
grakaji (imperative singular third-person)
grakaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
grakaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
grakaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
grakajivě (dual first-person imperative)
grakajita (dual imperative second-person)
grakaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
grakaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
grakaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
grakajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
grakajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гракати (grakati)

Russian: гра́кать (grákatʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Church Slavonic (Russian recension): гракати (grakati)

Bulgarian: гра́кам (grákam)

Macedonian: грака (graka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гра́кати

Latin script: grákati

Slovene: grȃkati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Polish: grakać (dialectal)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: grakaś

Compare Latin grāculus (“jackdaw”), English croak.


naskakati

naskakanьje (noun-from-verb)
naskakati (infinitive)
naskakatъ (supine)
naskakalъ (l-participle)
naskakanъ (participle passive past)
naskakajemъ (participle passive present)
naskakavъ (active participle past)
naskakaję (active participle present)
naskakaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
naskaka (aorist second-person singular)
naskaka (aorist singular third-person)
naskakajǫ (first-person present singular)
naskakaješi (present second-person singular)
naskakajetь (present singular third-person)
naskakaxově (aorist dual first-person)
naskakasta (aorist dual second-person)
naskakaste (aorist dual third-person)
naskakajevě (dual first-person present)
naskakajeta (dual present second-person)
naskakajete (dual present third-person)
naskakaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
naskakaste (aorist plural second-person)
naskakašę (aorist plural third-person)
naskakajemъ (first-person plural present)
naskakajete (plural present second-person)
naskakajǫtь (plural present third-person)
naskakaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
naskakaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
naskakaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
naskakaji (imperative second-person singular)
naskakaji (imperative singular third-person)
naskakaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
naskakaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
naskakaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
naskakajivě (dual first-person imperative)
naskakajita (dual imperative second-person)
naskakaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
naskakaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
naskakaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
naskakajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
naskakajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: наскакати (naskakati)

Belarusian: наскака́цца (naskakácca)

Russian: наскака́ть (naskakátʹ)

Ukrainian: наскака́ти (naskakáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

desc

Old Cyrillic script: наскакати (naskakati)

Glagolitic script: ⱀⰰⱄⰽⰰⰽⰰⱅⰹ (naskakati)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: наскака́ти

Latin script: naskákati

Slovene: snaskȃkati

West Slavic:

Czech: naskákati

Polish: naskakać

Slovak: naskákať

Slovincian: naskakac


běliti

běľenьje (noun-from-verb)
běliti (infinitive)
bělitъ (supine)
bělilъ (l-participle)
běľenъ (participle passive past)
bělimъ (participle passive present)
běľь (active participle past)
bělę (active participle present)
bělixъ (aorist first-person singular)
běli (aorist second-person singular)
běli (aorist singular third-person)
běľǫ (first-person present singular)
běliši (present second-person singular)
bělitь (present singular third-person)
bělixově (aorist dual first-person)
bělista (aorist dual second-person)
běliste (aorist dual third-person)
bělivě (dual first-person present)
bělita (dual present second-person)
bělite (dual present third-person)
bělixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
běliste (aorist plural second-person)
bělišę (aorist plural third-person)
bělimъ (first-person plural present)
bělite (plural present second-person)
bělętь (plural present third-person)
běľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
běľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
běľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
běli (imperative second-person singular)
běli (imperative singular third-person)
běľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
běľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
běľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bělivě (dual first-person imperative)
bělita (dual imperative second-person)
běľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
běľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
běľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bělimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bělite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: бѣлити (běliti)

Belarusian: бялі́ць (bjalícʹ)

Russian: бели́ть (belítʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: билїц (byljic)

Old Ukrainian: бѣлити (biliti)

Ukrainian: біли́ти (bilýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: бѣлити (běliti)

Glagolitic script: ⰱⱑⰾⰹⱅⰹ (běliti)

Bulgarian: бе́ля (bélja)

Macedonian: бели (beli)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бе́лити

Latin script: béliti

Slovene: béliti

West Slavic:

Czech: bělit

Polabian: belĕt

Polish: bielić

Slovak: bieliť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: běliś

Upper Sorbian: bělić


otъskakati

otъskakanьje (noun-from-verb)
otъskakati (infinitive)
otъskakatъ (supine)
otъskakalъ (l-participle)
otъskakanъ (participle passive past)
otъskakajemъ (participle passive present)
otъskakavъ (active participle past)
otъskakaję (active participle present)
otъskakaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
otъskaka (aorist second-person singular)
otъskaka (aorist singular third-person)
otъskakajǫ (first-person present singular)
otъskakaješi (present second-person singular)
otъskakajetь (present singular third-person)
otъskakaxově (aorist dual first-person)
otъskakasta (aorist dual second-person)
otъskakaste (aorist dual third-person)
otъskakajevě (dual first-person present)
otъskakajeta (dual present second-person)
otъskakajete (dual present third-person)
otъskakaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
otъskakaste (aorist plural second-person)
otъskakašę (aorist plural third-person)
otъskakajemъ (first-person plural present)
otъskakajete (plural present second-person)
otъskakajǫtь (plural present third-person)
otъskakaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
otъskakaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
otъskakaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
otъskakaji (imperative second-person singular)
otъskakaji (imperative singular third-person)
otъskakaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
otъskakaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
otъskakaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
otъskakajivě (dual first-person imperative)
otъskakajita (dual imperative second-person)
otъskakaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
otъskakaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
otъskakaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
otъskakajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
otъskakajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: отъскакати (otŭskakati)

Belarusian: адскака́ць (adskakácʹ)

Russian: отскака́ть (otskakátʹ)

Ukrainian: відскака́ти (vidskakáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: отъскакати (otŭskakati)

Glagolitic script: ⱁⱅⱏⱄⰽⰰⰽⰰⱅⰹ (otŭskakati)

Bulgarian: отска́чам (otskáčam)

Macedonian: отскака (otskaka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: одска́кати

Latin script: odskákati

Slovene: odskakati

West Slavic:

Old Czech: otskákati

Czech: odskákati

Polish: odskakać

Slovak: odsákať

Slovincian: wôtskakac

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wotskakać


želsti

želdenьje (noun-from-verb)
želsti (infinitive)
želstъ (supine)
želdlъ (l-participle)
želdenъ (participle passive past)
želdomъ (participle passive present)
želdъ (active participle past)
želdy (active participle present)
želdъ (aorist first-person singular)
želdoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
želde (aorist second-person singular)
želde (aorist singular third-person)
želdǫ (first-person present singular)
želdeši (present second-person singular)
želdetь (present singular third-person)
želdově (aorist dual first-person)
želdoxově (aorist dual first-person)
želdeta (aorist dual second-person)
želdosta (aorist dual second-person)
želdete (aorist dual third-person)
želdoste (aorist dual third-person)
želdevě (dual first-person present)
želdeta (dual present second-person)
želdete (dual present third-person)
želdomъ (aorist first-person plural)
želdoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
želdete (aorist plural second-person)
želdoste (aorist plural second-person)
želdǫ (aorist plural third-person)
želdošę (aorist plural third-person)
želdemъ (first-person plural present)
želdete (plural present second-person)
želdǫtь (plural present third-person)
želděaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
želděaše (imperfect second-person singular)
želděaše (imperfect singular third-person)
želdi (imperative second-person singular)
želdi (imperative singular third-person)
želděaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
želděašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
želděašete (dual imperfect third-person)
želděvě (dual first-person imperative)
želděta (dual imperative second-person)
želděaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
želděašete (imperfect plural second-person)
želděaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
želděmъ (first-person imperative plural)
želděte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: желести (želesti)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: жлѣсти (žlěsti), жласти (žlasti)

Bulgarian: жла́дя (žládja, “to deprive”) (archaic)

Akin to or possibly borrowed from Proto-Germanic *geldaną (“to yield, to pay”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeldʰ-.


tъrčiti

tъrčenьje (noun-from-verb)
tъrčiti (infinitive)
tъrčitъ (supine)
tъrčilъ (l-participle)
tъrčenъ (participle passive past)
tъrčimъ (participle passive present)
tъrčь (active participle past)
tъrčę (active participle present)
tъrčixъ (aorist first-person singular)
tъrči (aorist second-person singular)
tъrči (aorist singular third-person)
tъrčǫ (first-person present singular)
tъrčiši (present second-person singular)
tъrčitь (present singular third-person)
tъrčixově (aorist dual first-person)
tъrčista (aorist dual second-person)
tъrčiste (aorist dual third-person)
tъrčivě (dual first-person present)
tъrčita (dual present second-person)
tъrčite (dual present third-person)
tъrčixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tъrčiste (aorist plural second-person)
tъrčišę (aorist plural third-person)
tъrčimъ (first-person plural present)
tъrčite (plural present second-person)
tъrčętь (plural present third-person)
tъrčaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tъrčaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tъrčaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
tъrči (imperative second-person singular)
tъrči (imperative singular third-person)
tъrčaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tъrčaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tъrčaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tъrčivě (dual first-person imperative)
tъrčita (dual imperative second-person)
tъrčaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tъrčaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tъrčaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tъrčimъ (first-person imperative plural)
tъrčite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Slovene: tŕčiti

From *tъrkъ (“sudden motion, twerk”) + *-iti, semantically influenced by *tъrkati (“to prod, to shove”) (whence Slovene trkati (“to throb”)).

Alternative form of *tъrčati: to move abruptly


tъrkati

tъ̀rkati (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
tъrkanьje (noun-from-verb)
tъrkati (infinitive)
tъrkatъ (supine)
tъrkalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
tъrkanъ (participle passive past)
tъrkajemъ (participle passive present)
tъrkavъ (active participle past)
tъrkaję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
tъrkaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
tъrka (aorist second-person singular)
tъrka (aorist singular third-person)
tъrkajǫ (first-person present singular)
tъrkaješi (present second-person singular)
tъrkajetь (present singular third-person)
tъrkaxově (aorist dual first-person)
tъrkasta (aorist dual second-person)
tъrkaste (aorist dual third-person)
tъrkajevě (dual first-person present)
tъrkajeta (dual present second-person)
tъrkajete (dual present third-person)
tъrkaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tъrkaste (aorist plural second-person)
tъrkašę (aorist plural third-person)
tъrkajemъ (first-person plural present)
tъrkajete (plural present second-person)
tъrkajǫtь (plural present third-person)
tъrkaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tъrkaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tъrkaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
tъrkaji (imperative second-person singular)
tъrkaji (imperative singular third-person)
tъrkaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tъrkaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tъrkaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tъrkajivě (dual first-person imperative)
tъrkajita (dual imperative second-person)
tъrkaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tъrkaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tъrkaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tъrkajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
tъrkajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: тарка́ць (tarkácʹ)

Russian: то́ркать (tórkatʹ)

Ukrainian: торка́ти (torkáty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: тъ́ркам (tǎ́rkam)

Kajkavian Serbo-Croatian: tȑkati

Slovene: tr̄kati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: trkat, strkati

Middle Polish: tarchać, tarkać

Polish: turkać

Slovak: strkať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: starkaś

Upper Sorbian: storkać

Vasmer presumes onomatopoeic origin. Snoj derives it from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tr̥H-kе́h₂-ti, from a k-extension of *terh₁- (“to prick, pierce”) (whence Proto-Slavic *terti). Possible influenced by *tъrkъ (“sudden move, shift”). Related to Lithuanian tùrkti (“to scour, to sweep”) (obsolete), perhaps tur̃kti (“to resonate, to rasp (of sound)”).

(North Slavic) to shove, to throb, to prod