obuti

obuvati (imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
obutьje (noun-from-verb)
obuti (infinitive)
obutъ (supine)
obulъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
obutъ (participle passive past)
obuvъ (active participle past)
a (accent-paradigm)
obuxъ (aorist first-person singular)
obu (aorist second-person singular)
obu (aorist singular third-person)
obujǫ (first-person present singular)
obuješi (present second-person singular)
obujetь (present singular third-person)
obuxově (aorist dual first-person)
obusta (aorist dual second-person)
obuste (aorist dual third-person)
obujevě (dual first-person present)
obujeta (dual present second-person)
obujete (dual present third-person)
obuxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
obuste (aorist plural second-person)
obušę (aorist plural third-person)
obujemъ (first-person plural present)
obujete (plural present second-person)
obujǫtь (plural present third-person)
obuji (imperative second-person singular)
obuji (imperative singular third-person)
obujivě (dual first-person imperative)
obujita (dual imperative second-person)
obujimъ (first-person imperative plural)
obujite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: обути (obuti)

Old Ruthenian: обу́ти (obúti)

Belarusian: абу́ць (abúcʹ)

Ukrainian: обу́ти (obúty)

Russian: обу́ть (obútʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: обути (obuti)

Glagolitic script: ⱁⰱⱆⱅⰻ (obuti)

Bulgarian: обу́я (obúja)

Macedonian: обуе (obue)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̀бути

Latin script: òbuti

Slovene: obúti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: obúti

Czech: obout

Bohemian (Chod dialect): vobout

Moravian (Mistřice): obut

Old Polish: obuć

Polish: obuć

Slovak: obuť

Slovincian: wôbúc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wobuć

Lower Sorbian: wobuś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *apauti. From *ob (“around, against”) + *uti (“to put on footwear”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *áutei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ew- (“to adorn, wear”). Cognate with Lithuanian aũti (“to put on footwear”), 1sg. Lithuanian aunù, Latvian àut (“to put on footwear”), and further with Latin induere (“to put on clothes”), Latin exuere (“to take off clothes”), Hittite [script needed] (unu-, “to adorn; to set (a table)”).


pertiti

pertíti (canonical imperfective)
pertnǫti (perfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
perťenьje (noun-from-verb)
pertiti (infinitive)
pertitъ (supine)
pertilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
perťenъ (participle passive past)
pertimъ (participle passive present)
perťь (active participle past)
pertę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
pertixъ (aorist first-person singular)
perti (aorist second-person singular)
perti (aorist singular third-person)
perťǫ (first-person present singular)
pertiši (present second-person singular)
pertitь (present singular third-person)
pertixově (aorist dual first-person)
pertista (aorist dual second-person)
pertiste (aorist dual third-person)
pertivě (dual first-person present)
pertita (dual present second-person)
pertite (dual present third-person)
pertixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pertiste (aorist plural second-person)
pertišę (aorist plural third-person)
pertimъ (first-person plural present)
pertite (plural present second-person)
pertętь (plural present third-person)
perťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
perťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
perťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
perti (imperative second-person singular)
perti (imperative singular third-person)
perťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
perťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
perťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pertivě (dual first-person imperative)
pertita (dual imperative second-person)
perťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
perťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
perťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pertimъ (first-person imperative plural)
pertite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: прѣтити (prětiti)

→ Russian: прети́ть (pretítʹ)

desc

Bulgarian: претя (pretja, “to command, to order”) (obsolete)

⇒ Bulgarian: запретя̀вам (zapretjàvam) (literary)

Macedonian: пре́та (préta, “to move frenetically (when one is supposed to be still)”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пре́тити (“to threaten”), прије́тити

Latin script: prétiti (“to threaten”), prijétiti

Slovene: pretīti (“to threaten”)

West Slavic:

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: pśěśiś

Causative derivative of *pertъ (“trim, ordered”) + *-iti, commonly interpreted as a t-extension of Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to propel, forwards”).


patrati

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *патрати (*patrati)

Old Ruthenian: *па́трати (*pátrati)

desc

Ukrainian: па́трати (pátraty) (dialectal)

Russian: па́трать (pátratʹ) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Czech: pátrat

Old Polish: patrzać

Polish: patrzać (rare), patrać (dialectal)

Slovak: pátrať

Slovincian: patrzac

(North Slavic) frequentative of *patriti

ru:Варбот, Жанна Жановна


starati

sę (romanization)
staranьje (noun-from-verb)
starati (infinitive)
staratъ (supine)
staralъ (l-participle)
staranъ (participle passive past)
starajemъ (participle passive present)
staravъ (active participle past)
staraję (active participle present)
staraxъ (aorist first-person singular)
stara (aorist second-person singular)
stara (aorist singular third-person)
starajǫ (first-person present singular)
staraješi (present second-person singular)
starajetь (present singular third-person)
staraxově (aorist dual first-person)
starasta (aorist dual second-person)
staraste (aorist dual third-person)
starajevě (dual first-person present)
starajeta (dual present second-person)
starajete (dual present third-person)
staraxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
staraste (aorist plural second-person)
starašę (aorist plural third-person)
starajemъ (first-person plural present)
starajete (plural present second-person)
starajǫtь (plural present third-person)
staraaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
staraaše (imperfect second-person singular)
staraaše (imperfect singular third-person)
staraji (imperative second-person singular)
staraji (imperative singular third-person)
staraaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
staraašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
staraašete (dual imperfect third-person)
starajivě (dual first-person imperative)
starajita (dual imperative second-person)
staraaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
staraašete (imperfect plural second-person)
staraaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
starajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
starajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic

Belarusian: стара́цца (starácca)

Russian: стара́ться (starátʹsja)

Ukrainian: стара́тися (starátysja)

South Slavic

Bulgarian: стара́я се (starája se)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ста̏рати

Latin script: stȁrati

Slovene: stȃrati se (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: starati

Czech: starat

Slovak: starať

East Lechitic:

Polish: starać

Silesian: starać

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: starac

Slovincian: starac

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: staraś

Upper Sorbian: starać

Cognate with Lithuanian starìnti (“to pull with difficulty”) (1sg. starinù), Latvian starîgs (“zealous”), Old Prussian stūrnawiskan f (“seriousness, importance”, ins. sg.), Old English stierne (“serious, strict”), Latin sternāx (“absurd”), strēnuus (“active”), Ancient Greek στρηνής (strēnḗs, “hard, sharp”), στρῆνος (strênos, “force”).


teti

tepenьje (noun-from-verb)
teti (infinitive)
tetъ (supine)
teplъ (l-participle)
tepenъ (participle passive past)
tepomъ (participle passive present)
tepъ (active participle past)
tepy (active participle present)
tepъ (aorist first-person singular)
tepoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
tepe (aorist second-person singular)
tepe (aorist singular third-person)
tepǫ (first-person present singular)
tepeši (present second-person singular)
tepetь (present singular third-person)
tepově (aorist dual first-person)
tepoxově (aorist dual first-person)
tepeta (aorist dual second-person)
teposta (aorist dual second-person)
tepete (aorist dual third-person)
teposte (aorist dual third-person)
tepevě (dual first-person present)
tepeta (dual present second-person)
tepete (dual present third-person)
tepomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tepoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tepete (aorist plural second-person)
teposte (aorist plural second-person)
tepǫ (aorist plural third-person)
tepošę (aorist plural third-person)
tepemъ (first-person plural present)
tepete (plural present second-person)
tepǫtь (plural present third-person)
tepěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tepěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tepěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
tepi (imperative second-person singular)
tepi (imperative singular third-person)
tepěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tepěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tepěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tepěvě (dual first-person imperative)
tepěta (dual imperative second-person)
tepěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tepěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tepěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tepěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
tepěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: тети (teti)

Russian: тепти́ (teptí), тети́ (tetí) (Pskov dialect), тепсти́ (tepstí) (Vologda dialect), тёпать (tjópatʹ) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: тепти́ (teptý)

South-Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: тети (teti)

Glagolitic: ⱅⰵⱅⰹ (teti)

Bulgarian: те́пам (tépam)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: те̏псти

Latin script: tȅpsti

Slovene: tépsti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: teti, tepati

Czech: tepat

Polish: ciepać (dialectal)

Silesian: ciepać

Slovak: tepať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: ćepać

Lower Sorbian: śepaś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *teptei, with a regular loss of medial *-p- in the infinitive stem due to the law of open syllables. p has been restored in many of the daughters by analogy with the present stem, and s has been inserted into the infinitive in many of the daughters by analogy with other verbs in -sti. Compare *greti (“to dig, to rake”).
Cognate with Lithuanian tèpti (“to smear, to grease, to soil”) (1sg. tepù), Latvian tept (“to smear, to grease”) (1sg. tepju).
* Per Derksen, only Balto-Slavic, without other Indo-European cognates.
* Vasmer adds as cognates Lithuanian tapýti (“to sculpt”) (1sg. tараũ), Lithuanian tapnóti, tapšnóti (“to pat with the hand”). In addition, he asserts that dialectal Russian тепсти́ (tepstí, “to pull, to drag”) is etymologically distinct, related to Lithuanian tem̃pti (“to pull”) (1sg. tempiù), temptýva (“string”), Russian тетива́ (tetivá, “string”), Lithuanian tampýti (“to pull”) (1sg. tampaũ).


bьrati

bьràti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
bьranьje (noun-from-verb)
bьrati (infinitive)
bьratъ (supine)
bьralъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
bьranъ (participle passive past)
beromъ (participle passive present)
bьravъ (active participle past)
bery (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
bьraxъ (aorist first-person singular)
bьra (aorist second-person singular)
bьra (aorist singular third-person)
berǫ (first-person present singular)
bereši (present second-person singular)
beretь (present singular third-person)
bьraxově (aorist dual first-person)
bьrasta (aorist dual second-person)
bьraste (aorist dual third-person)
berevě (dual first-person present)
bereta (dual present second-person)
berete (dual present third-person)
bьraxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bьraste (aorist plural second-person)
bьrašę (aorist plural third-person)
beremъ (first-person plural present)
berete (plural present second-person)
berǫtь (plural present third-person)
bьraaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bьraaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bьraaše (imperfect singular third-person)
beri (imperative second-person singular)
beri (imperative singular third-person)
bьraaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bьraašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bьraašete (dual imperfect third-person)
berěvě (dual first-person imperative)
berěta (dual imperative second-person)
bьraaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bьraašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bьraaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
berěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
berěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: браць (bracʹ)

Russian: брать (bratʹ)

Ukrainian: бра́ти (bráty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: бьрати (bĭrati)

Bulgarian: бера́ (berá)

Macedonian: бере (bere)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бра̏ти

Latin script: brȁti

Slovene: bráti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: bráti
Czech: brát

desctree

Old Polish: brać
Polish: brać
Silesian: brać

Polabian: brot

Slovak: brať

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: brac

Slovincian: brac

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: brać

Lower Sorbian: braś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *bírāˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti. The past stem *bьr-a- emerged from zero-grade *br-a- through secondary ablaut.


ěsti

ě̀sti (canonical)
ědenьje (noun-from-verb)
ěsti (infinitive)
ěstъ (supine)
ědlъ (l-participle)
ědenъ (participle passive past)
ědomъ (participle passive present)
ědъ (active participle past)
ědy (active participle present)
ěsъ (aorist first-person singular)
ě(stъ) (aorist second-person singular)
ě(stъ) (aorist singular third-person)
ěmь (first-person present singular)
ěsi (present second-person singular)
ěstь (present singular third-person)
ěsově (aorist dual first-person)
ěsta (aorist dual second-person)
ěste (aorist dual third-person)
ěvě (dual first-person present)
ěsta (dual present second-person)
ěste (dual present third-person)
ěsomъ (aorist first-person plural)
ěste (aorist plural second-person)
ěsę (aorist plural third-person)
ěmъ (first-person plural present)
ěste (plural present second-person)
ědętь (plural present third-person)
ěděaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
ěděaše (imperfect second-person singular)
ěděaše (imperfect singular third-person)
ěďь (imperative second-person singular)
ěďь (imperative singular third-person)
ěděaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
ěděašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
ěděašete (dual imperfect third-person)
ědivě (dual first-person imperative)
ědita (dual imperative second-person)
ěděaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
ěděašete (imperfect plural second-person)
ěděaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
ědimъ (first-person imperative plural)
ědite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ѣсти (jěsti)

Old Ruthenian: ѣ́сти (jě́sti)
Belarusian: е́сці (jésci), е́сьці (jésʹci)
Carpathian Rusyn: ї́сти (jísty)
Ukrainian: ї́сти (jísty)

Russian: есть (jestʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: ꙗсти (jasti)

Glagolitic: ⱑⱄⱅⰹ (ěsti)

Bulgarian: ям (jam)

Macedonian: ја́де (jáde)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: је̏сти, јисти

Latin script: jȅsti, jisti

Slovene: jẹ́sti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: jesc

Old Czech: jiesti

Czech: jíst

Old Polish: jeść

Polish: jeść

Polabian: jest

Slovak: jesť

Slovincian: jêsc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: jěsć

Lower Sorbian: jěsć

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ḗˀstei (present *ḗˀdmi), usually explained as an instance of Winter's law, deriving from Proto-Indo-European *h₁édti (“to eat”).
The PIE root *h₁ed- is sometimes argued to have an acrostatic Narten present, with a lengthened-grade in the singular active, which would render the Proto-Indo-European source as *h₁ḗd-.


ľubiti

ľūbìti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
ľubľenьje (noun-from-verb)
ľubiti (infinitive)
ľubitъ (supine)
ľubilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
ľubľenъ (participle passive past)
ľubimъ (participle passive present)
ľubľь (active participle past)
ľubę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
ľubixъ (aorist first-person singular)
ľubi (aorist second-person singular)
ľubi (aorist singular third-person)
ľubľǫ (first-person present singular)
ľubiši (present second-person singular)
ľubitь (present singular third-person)
ľubixově (aorist dual first-person)
ľubista (aorist dual second-person)
ľubiste (aorist dual third-person)
ľubivě (dual first-person present)
ľubita (dual present second-person)
ľubite (dual present third-person)
ľubixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
ľubiste (aorist plural second-person)
ľubišę (aorist plural third-person)
ľubimъ (first-person plural present)
ľubite (plural present second-person)
ľubętь (plural present third-person)
ľubľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
ľubľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
ľubľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
ľubi (imperative second-person singular)
ľubi (imperative singular third-person)
ľubľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
ľubľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
ľubľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
ľubivě (dual first-person imperative)
ľubita (dual imperative second-person)
ľubľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
ľubľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
ľubľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
ľubimъ (first-person imperative plural)
ľubite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: любити (ljubiti)

Belarusian: любі́ць (ljubícʹ)

Russian: люби́ть (ljubítʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: любить (ljubytʹ)

Ukrainian: люби́ти (ljubýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: любити (ljubiti)

Glagolitic script: ⰾⱓⰱⰻⱅⰻ (ljubiti)

Bulgarian: лю́бя (ljúbja)

Macedonian: љуби (ljubi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: љу́бити

Latin script: ljúbiti

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: ljubīti, ljūbiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: ľúbiti
Czech: líbit

desctree

Old Polish: lubić
Polish: lubić
Silesian: lubić

Polabian: ľaibĕt

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: lubic

Slovincian: lëbjic

Old Slovak:

Pannonian Rusyn: любиц (ljubic)

Slovak: ľúbiť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: lubiś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ljaubī́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *lowbʰéyeti, from *lewbʰ-.


věděti

vě̀děti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
věděnьje (noun-from-verb)
věděti (infinitive)
vědětъ (supine)
vědělъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
věděnъ (participle passive past)
vědomъ (participle passive present)
věděvъ (active participle past)
vědy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
věděxъ (aorist first-person singular)
vědě (aorist second-person singular)
vědě (aorist singular third-person)
věmь (first-person present singular)
vědě (first-person present singular)
věsi (present second-person singular)
věstь (present singular third-person)
věděxově (aorist dual first-person)
věděsta (aorist dual second-person)
věděste (aorist dual third-person)
věvě (dual first-person present)
věsta (dual present second-person)
věste (dual present third-person)
věděxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
věděste (aorist plural second-person)
věděšę (aorist plural third-person)
věmъ (first-person plural present)
věste (plural present second-person)
vědętь (plural present third-person)
věděaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
věděaše (imperfect second-person singular)
věděaše (imperfect singular third-person)
věďь (imperative second-person singular)
věďь (imperative singular third-person)
věděaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
věděašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
věděašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vědivě (dual first-person imperative)
vědita (dual imperative second-person)
věděaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
věděašete (imperfect plural second-person)
věděaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vědimъ (first-person imperative plural)
vědite (imperative plural second-person)

Marko Snoj
Oleg Trubachyov
Rick Derksen
ru:Аникин, Александр Евгеньевич

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вѣдѣти (věděti)

Belarusian: ве́даць (vjédacʹ)

desc

Russian: (dated or poetic) ве́дать (védatʹ), ве́сти (vésti)

Ukrainian: (dated or poetic) ві́дати (vídaty), віді (vidi, “probably, maybe”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: вѣдѣти (věděti)

Bulgarian: вям (vjam) (obsolete)

⇒ Bulgarian: невя́м (nevjám, “uncertainly”, adverb)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: (Kajkavian) ведети

Latin script: (Kajkavian) vedeti

Slovene: vẹ́deti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desctree

Old Czech: věděti
Czech: vědět
Bohemian (Chod dialect): vedět

Old Polish: wiedzieć
Polish: wiedzieć
Silesian: wiedzieć

Slovak: vedieť

Polabian: vedĕt

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: wiedzec

Slovincian: wjêdzec

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wěźeś

Upper Sorbian: wědźeć, wjedźeć

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *waid-, *waistei, from Proto-Indo-European *wóyde (“to have seen, to know”), perfect of *weyd- (“to see”). Cognate with Old Prussian waist (“to know”) (waidimai class 1p. pl.), Ancient Greek οἶδα (oîda), Proto-Germanic *witaną (whence English wit).

inh

zapovědь

*pověsti, *pověděti (“to decree, to preach”)


byti

bỳti (canonical imperfective)
byti (infinitive)
bytъ (supine)
bytьje (noun-from-verb)
sy (active present)
byvъ (active past)
bǫdy (active future)
bylъ (past resultative)
esmь (first-person present singular)
bǫdǫ (first-person future singular)
esi (present second-person singular)
bǫdešь (future second-person singular)
bǫdi (imperative second-person singular)
estь (present singular third-person)
bǫdetь (future singular third-person)
bǫdi (imperative singular third-person)
esvě (dual first-person present)
bǫdevě (dual first-person future)
bǫděve (dual first-person imperative)
esta (dual present second-person)
bǫdeta (dual future second-person)
bǫděta (dual imperative second-person)
este (dual present third-person)
bǫdete (dual future third-person)
esmъ (first-person plural present)
bǫdemъ (first-person future plural)
bǫděmъ (first-person imperative plural)
este (plural present second-person)
bǫdete (future plural second-person)
bǫděte (imperative plural second-person)
sǫtь (plural present third-person)
bǫdǫtь (future plural third-person)
bǫdǫ (imperative plural third-person)
běxъ (aorist first-person imperfective singular)
byxъ (aorist first-person perfective singular)
bě (aorist imperfective second-person singular)
bystъ (aorist perfective second-person singular)
běaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bě (aorist imperfective singular third-person)
bystъ (aorist perfective singular third-person)
běxově (aorist dual first-person imperfective)
byxově (aorist dual first-person perfective)
běsta (aorist dual imperfective second-person)
bysta (aorist dual perfective second-person)
běašete (dual imperfect third-person)
běste (aorist dual imperfective third-person)
byste (aorist dual perfective third-person)
běxomъ (aorist first-person imperfective plural)
byxomъ (aorist first-person perfective plural)
běste (aorist imperfective plural second-person)
byste (aorist perfective plural second-person)
běaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
běšę (aorist imperfective plural third-person)
byšę (aorist perfective plural third-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: бꙑти (byti)

Old Ruthenian: быти (byti)

Belarusian: быць (bycʹ), буты (buty) (dialectal)

Carpathian Rusyn: быти (bŷty)

Ukrainian: бу́ти (búty)

Russian: быть (bytʹ)

Old Novgorodian: буть (butĭ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: бꙑти (byti)

Bulgarian: съм (sǎm) (си (si), е (e) etc.) and бъда (bǎda) (бъдеш (bǎdeš), бъде (bǎde) etc.)

⇒ Bulgarian: може би (može bi)

Macedonian: е (e) (сум (sum)), си (si), е (e) etc.)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: би̏ти

Latin: bȉti

Old Slovene: buiti, biti

Slovene: bíti

West Slavic:

Old Czech: býti

Czech: být

Polabian: boi̯t

desctree

Old Polish: być
Polish: być
Silesian: być

Slovak: byť

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: bëc

Slovincian: bëc

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: byś

Upper Sorbian: być

Slovincian: bëc

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti (present) and *bʰúHt (other forms).


leťi

leťi (infinitive)
leťь (supine)
leglъ (l-participle)
legъ (active participle past)
legъ (aorist first-person singular)
legoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
leže (aorist second-person singular)
leže (aorist singular third-person)
lęgǫ (first-person present singular)
lęžeši (present second-person singular)
lęžetь (present singular third-person)
legově (aorist dual first-person)
legoxově (aorist dual first-person)
legeta (aorist dual second-person)
legosta (aorist dual second-person)
legete (aorist dual third-person)
legoste (aorist dual third-person)
lęževě (dual first-person present)
lęžeta (dual present second-person)
lęžete (dual present third-person)
legomъ (aorist first-person plural)
legoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
legete (aorist plural second-person)
legoste (aorist plural second-person)
legǫ (aorist plural third-person)
legošę (aorist plural third-person)
lęžemъ (first-person plural present)
lęžete (plural present second-person)
lęgǫtь (plural present third-person)
lędzi (imperative second-person singular)
lędzi (imperative singular third-person)
lędzěvě (dual first-person imperative)
lędzěta (dual imperative second-person)
lędzěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
lędzěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

Old Ruthenian: лечи (leči), лечы (lečy)

Belarusian: легчы́ (ljehčý)

Ukrainian: лягти́ (ljahtý)

Russian: лечь (lečʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ле́гна (légna)

Macedonian: легнува (legnuva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: лȅћи

Latin script: lȅći

Slovene: lẹ́či (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: léci

Czech: lehnout

Polish: lec

Silesian: lygnōńć

Slovak: ľahnúť

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *légtei, from Proto-Indo-European *légʰeti, from *legʰ-.


moťi

moťì (canonical)
moženьje (noun-from-verb)
moťi (infinitive)
moťь (supine)
moglъ (l-participle)
moženъ (participle passive past)
mogomъ (participle passive present)
mogъ (active participle past)
mogy (active participle present)
mogъ (aorist first-person singular)
mogoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
može (aorist second-person singular)
može (aorist singular third-person)
mogǫ (first-person present singular)
možeši (present second-person singular)
možetь (present singular third-person)
mogově (aorist dual first-person)
mogoxově (aorist dual first-person)
mogeta (aorist dual second-person)
mogosta (aorist dual second-person)
mogete (aorist dual third-person)
mogoste (aorist dual third-person)
moževě (dual first-person present)
možeta (dual present second-person)
možete (dual present third-person)
mogomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mogoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mogete (aorist plural second-person)
mogoste (aorist plural second-person)
mogǫ (aorist plural third-person)
mogošę (aorist plural third-person)
možemъ (first-person plural present)
možete (plural present second-person)
mogǫtь (plural present third-person)
možaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
možaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
možaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
modzi (imperative second-person singular)
modzi (imperative singular third-person)
možaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
možaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
možaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
modzěvě (dual first-person imperative)
modzěta (dual imperative second-person)
možaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
možaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
možaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
modzěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
modzěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мочи (moči)

Belarusian: магчы́ (mahčý)

Russian: мочь (močʹ)

Ukrainian: могти́ (mohtý), мочи́ (močý)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: мощи (mošti)

Glagolitic script: ⰿⱁⱋⰻ (mošti)

Bulgarian: мо́га (móga)

Macedonian: може (može)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мо̏ћи

Latin script: mȍći

Slovene: móči (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: moci
Czech: moci

Old Polish: móc
Polish: móc
Silesian: mōc

Slovak: môcť

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: mòc

Slovincian: môc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: móc

Lower Sorbian: móc

From earlier *mogtì (through the law of open syllables), equal to *mog- + *-ti. Further, from Proto-Indo-European *megʰ-. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *maganą (“to be able, may”).


jьti

šьstьje (noun-from-verb)
jьti (infinitive)
jьtъ (supine)
šьdlъ (l-participle)
šьdъ (active participle past)
jьdy (active participle present)
jьdъ (aorist first-person singular)
jьdoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
jьde (aorist second-person singular)
jьde (aorist singular third-person)
jьdǫ (first-person present singular)
jьdeši (present second-person singular)
jьdetь (present singular third-person)
jьdově (aorist dual first-person)
jьdoxově (aorist dual first-person)
jьdeta (aorist dual second-person)
jьdosta (aorist dual second-person)
jьdete (aorist dual third-person)
jьdoste (aorist dual third-person)
jьdevě (dual first-person present)
jьdeta (dual present second-person)
jьdete (dual present third-person)
jьdomъ (aorist first-person plural)
jьdoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
jьdete (aorist plural second-person)
jьdoste (aorist plural second-person)
jьdǫ (aorist plural third-person)
jьdošę (aorist plural third-person)
jьdemъ (first-person plural present)
jьdete (plural present second-person)
jьdǫtь (plural present third-person)
jьděaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
jьděaše (imperfect second-person singular)
jьděaše (imperfect singular third-person)
jьdi (imperative second-person singular)
jьdi (imperative singular third-person)
jьděaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
jьděašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
jьděašete (dual imperfect third-person)
jьděvě (dual first-person imperative)
jьděta (dual imperative second-person)
jьděaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
jьděašete (imperfect plural second-person)
jьděaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
jьděmъ (first-person imperative plural)
jьděte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: ити (iti)
Old Ruthenian: ити́ (ití), исти́ (istí)
Belarusian: ісці́ (iscí), йсці (jsci)
Carpathian Rusyn: ити́ (ytý)
Ukrainian: іти́ (itý), йти (jty)
Russian: идти́ (idtí)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

desc

Old Cyrillic script: ити (iti), шьды (šĭdy), -жды (-ždy)

Glagolitic script: ⰹⱅⰹ (iti)

Bulgarian: и́да (ída), и́двам (ídvam)

Macedonian: иде (ide)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ѝћи

Latin script: ìći

Slovene: īti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jíti
Czech: jít

desctree

Old Polish: ić
Polish: iść (through regularization)
Silesian: iść (through regularization)

Slovak: ísť

Polabian: ai̯t

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: jic

Slovincian: jyc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: hić

Lower Sorbian: hyś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *eitei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éyti (“to go”). Cognates include Lithuanian eĩti (“to go, walk”), Latin eō (“to go”).
The suppletive past participle stem *šьd- is likely from the same root as *xoditi, although the exact derivation of the form is problematic.


reťi

govorìti (imperfective)
mъlviti (imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
rečenьje (noun-from-verb)
reťi (infinitive)
reťь (supine)
reklъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
rečenъ (participle passive past)
rekomъ (participle passive present)
rekъ (active participle past)
reky (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
rěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
reče (aorist second-person singular)
reče (aorist singular third-person)
rekǫ (first-person present singular)
rečeši (present second-person singular)
rečetь (present singular third-person)
rěxově (aorist dual first-person)
rěsta (aorist dual second-person)
rěste (aorist dual third-person)
rečevě (dual first-person present)
rečeta (dual present second-person)
rečete (dual present third-person)
rěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
rěste (aorist plural second-person)
rěšę (aorist plural third-person)
rečemъ (first-person plural present)
rečete (plural present second-person)
rekǫtь (plural present third-person)
rečaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
rečaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
rečaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
rьci (imperative second-person singular)
rьci (imperative singular third-person)
rečaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
rečaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
rečaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
rьcěvě (dual first-person imperative)
rьcěta (dual imperative second-person)
rečaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
rečaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
rečaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
rьcěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
rьcěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: речи (reči)
Old Ruthenian: речи́ (rečí)
Belarusian: рачы́ (račý)
Ukrainian: речи́ (rečý), ректи́ (rektý)
Russian: речи́ (rečí) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: рещи (rešti)

Glagolitic: ⱃⰵⱋⰹ (rešti)

Bulgarian: река́ (reká)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ре̏ћи

Latin script: rȅći

Slovene: réči (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: řéci

Czech: říct, říci

Kashubian: rzec

Old Polish: rzec

Polish: rzec

Slovak: riecť

* Per Vasmer, cognate with Lithuanian rẽkti (“to shout, to roar”), 1sg. rėkiù, Lithuanian rékauti (“to shout, to roar”), 1sg. rékauju, Latvian rèkt (“to shout, to roar, to howl”), rȩ̃kôt (“to talk, to chat”), as well as Sanskrit रचयति (racáyati, “to work, to construct”), Gothic 𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (rahnjan, “to calculate”), Tocharian B reki, Tocharian A rake (“speech, word”), Latin raccō (“to roar (like a tiger)”), Old Irish réimm (“shout”), from Proto-Indo-European *rekmen.
* Per Derksen, possibly cognate with Sanskrit रचयति (racáyati, “to work, to construct”) and Welsh rhegi (“curse”).


reťi

reženьje (noun-from-verb)
reťi (infinitive)
reťь (supine)
reglъ (l-participle)
reženъ (participle passive past)
rьgomъ (participle passive present)
regъ (active participle past)
rьgy (active participle present)
regъ (aorist first-person singular)
regoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
reže (aorist second-person singular)
reže (aorist singular third-person)
rьgǫ (first-person present singular)
rьžeši (present second-person singular)
rьžetь (present singular third-person)
regově (aorist dual first-person)
regoxově (aorist dual first-person)
regeta (aorist dual second-person)
regosta (aorist dual second-person)
regete (aorist dual third-person)
regoste (aorist dual third-person)
rьževě (dual first-person present)
rьžeta (dual present second-person)
rьžete (dual present third-person)
regomъ (aorist first-person plural)
regoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
regete (aorist plural second-person)
regoste (aorist plural second-person)
regǫ (aorist plural third-person)
regošę (aorist plural third-person)
rьžemъ (first-person plural present)
rьžete (plural present second-person)
rьgǫtь (plural present third-person)
rьžaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
rьžaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
rьžaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
rьdzi (imperative second-person singular)
rьdzi (imperative singular third-person)
rьžaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
rьžaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
rьžaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
rьdzěvě (dual first-person imperative)
rьdzěta (dual imperative second-person)
rьžaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
rьžaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
rьžaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
rьdzěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
rьdzěte (imperative plural second-person)
reženьje (noun-from-verb)
reťi (infinitive)
reťь (supine)
reglъ (l-participle)
reženъ (participle passive past)
regomъ (participle passive present)
regъ (active participle past)
regy (active participle present)
regъ (aorist first-person singular)
regoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
reže (aorist second-person singular)
reže (aorist singular third-person)
regǫ (first-person present singular)
režeši (present second-person singular)
režetь (present singular third-person)
regově (aorist dual first-person)
regoxově (aorist dual first-person)
regeta (aorist dual second-person)
regosta (aorist dual second-person)
regete (aorist dual third-person)
regoste (aorist dual third-person)
reževě (dual first-person present)
režeta (dual present second-person)
režete (dual present third-person)
regomъ (aorist first-person plural)
regoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
regete (aorist plural second-person)
regoste (aorist plural second-person)
regǫ (aorist plural third-person)
regošę (aorist plural third-person)
režemъ (first-person plural present)
režete (plural present second-person)
regǫtь (plural present third-person)
režaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
režaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
režaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
rьdzi (imperative second-person singular)
rьdzi (imperative singular third-person)
režaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
režaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
režaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
rьdzěvě (dual first-person imperative)
rьdzěta (dual imperative second-person)
režaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
režaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
režaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
rьdzěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
rьdzěte (imperative plural second-person)
reženьje (noun-from-verb)
reťi (infinitive)
reťь (supine)
reglъ (l-participle)
reženъ (participle passive past)
regomъ (participle passive present)
regъ (active participle past)
regy (active participle present)
rěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
reže (aorist second-person singular)
reže (aorist singular third-person)
regǫ (first-person present singular)
režeši (present second-person singular)
režetь (present singular third-person)
rěxově (aorist dual first-person)
rěsta (aorist dual second-person)
rěste (aorist dual third-person)
reževě (dual first-person present)
režeta (dual present second-person)
režete (dual present third-person)
rěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
rěste (aorist plural second-person)
rěšę (aorist plural third-person)
režemъ (first-person plural present)
režete (plural present second-person)
regǫtь (plural present third-person)
režaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
režaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
režaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
rьdzi (imperative second-person singular)
rьdzi (imperative singular third-person)
režaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
režaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
režaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
rьdzěvě (dual first-person imperative)
rьdzěta (dual imperative second-person)
režaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
režaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
režaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
rьdzěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
rьdzěte (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Croatian:

Kajkavian: regani (“notched, with cracks”) (passive participle from *regati)

⇒ Kajkavian: *rega

⇒ Kajkavian: regast (“corrugated”)

⇒ Shtokavian: regánac (“incised lace”)

desc

Slovene: régati (“to crack”), rẹ́gniti (“to burst, open up”)

⇒ Slovene: réga

⇒ Slovene: régast

West Slavic:

Polish: *rzegać

⇒ Polish: rzega (“streak, weal, welt”) (dialectal)

From earlier *regti, further etymology uncertain. Boryś derived descentands from *ręgati/*rǫgati (“to offend, to scorn”) and Brückner derived Slovene régniti from *ręžati (“to have a wide open mouth”). All ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wreng- (“to twist, wring”). That makes missing nasal in Polish problematic.
Łuczyński proposed to derive it from Proto-Indo-European *h₁regʷ- (“to be dark”). For meaning shift from “dark, black” > “empty” compare Sanskrit रजस् (rajas, “darkness; space”), Tigrinya ፀሊም (ṣ́älim, “black, dark, empty”). The original Slavic meaning could therefore be “to make blanks”, which was narrowed down to “to cut”.


ložiti

ložìti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
loženьje (noun-from-verb)
ložiti (infinitive)
ložitъ (supine)
ložilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
loženъ (participle passive past)
ložimъ (participle passive present)
ložь (active participle past)
ložę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
ložixъ (aorist first-person singular)
loži (aorist second-person singular)
loži (aorist singular third-person)
ložǫ (first-person present singular)
ložiši (present second-person singular)
ložitь (present singular third-person)
ložixově (aorist dual first-person)
ložista (aorist dual second-person)
ložiste (aorist dual third-person)
loživě (dual first-person present)
ložita (dual present second-person)
ložite (dual present third-person)
ložixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
ložiste (aorist plural second-person)
ložišę (aorist plural third-person)
ložimъ (first-person plural present)
ložite (plural present second-person)
ložętь (plural present third-person)
ložaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
ložaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
ložaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
loži (imperative second-person singular)
loži (imperative singular third-person)
ložaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
ložaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
ložaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
loživě (dual first-person imperative)
ložita (dual imperative second-person)
ložaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
ložaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
ložaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
ložimъ (first-person imperative plural)
ložite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ложити (ložiti)

Belarusian: лажы́ць (lažýcʹ)

desc

Russian: ложи́ть (ložítʹ), ложи́ться (ložítʹsja), положи́ть (položítʹ)

Ukrainian: ложи́ти (ložýty) (dated)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: ложити (ložiti)

Glagolitic script: ⰾⱁⰶⰻⱅⰻ (ložiti)

Bulgarian: ло́жа (lóža) (dialectal)

Macedonian: ложи (loži)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ло̀жити

Latin script: lòžiti

Slovene: ložīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: ložit (rare)

Old Polish: łożyć

Polish: łożyć

Slovak: ložiť

Slovincian: lôżëc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: łožić

Lower Sorbian: łožyś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *lágīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *logʰ-éye-ti, causative of *legʰ- (“to lie”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (lagjan, “to lay”), English lay.


gojiti

gojìti (canonical)
gojenьje (noun-from-verb)
gojiti (infinitive)
gojitъ (supine)
gojilъ (l-participle)
gojenъ (participle passive past)
gojimъ (participle passive present)
gojь (active participle past)
goję (active participle present)
gojixъ (aorist first-person singular)
goji (aorist second-person singular)
goji (aorist singular third-person)
gojǫ (first-person present singular)
gojiši (present second-person singular)
gojitь (present singular third-person)
gojixově (aorist dual first-person)
gojista (aorist dual second-person)
gojiste (aorist dual third-person)
gojivě (dual first-person present)
gojita (dual present second-person)
gojite (dual present third-person)
gojixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gojiste (aorist plural second-person)
gojišę (aorist plural third-person)
gojimъ (first-person plural present)
gojite (plural present second-person)
gojętь (plural present third-person)
gojaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gojaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gojaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
goji (imperative second-person singular)
goji (imperative singular third-person)
gojaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gojaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gojaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gojivě (dual first-person imperative)
gojita (dual imperative second-person)
gojaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gojaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gojaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gojimъ (first-person imperative plural)
gojite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гоити (goiti)

Russian: го́ить (góitʹ)

Ukrainian: го́їти (hójity)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: гоя́ (gojá)

Macedonian: гои (goi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: го̀јити

Latin script: gòjiti

Slovene: gojīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hojiti

Czech: hojit

Polish: goić

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: gòjic

Slovincian: gôjic

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: hojić

Lower Sorbian: gójś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gájīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷoyh₃-éye-ti, causative of *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”).


žuriti

žurìti (canonical)
žuřenьje (noun-from-verb)
žuriti (infinitive)
žuritъ (supine)
žurilъ (l-participle)
žuřenъ (participle passive past)
žurimъ (participle passive present)
žuřь (active participle past)
žurę (active participle present)
žurixъ (aorist first-person singular)
žuri (aorist second-person singular)
žuri (aorist singular third-person)
žuřǫ (first-person present singular)
žuriši (present second-person singular)
žuritь (present singular third-person)
žurixově (aorist dual first-person)
žurista (aorist dual second-person)
žuriste (aorist dual third-person)
žurivě (dual first-person present)
žurita (dual present second-person)
žurite (dual present third-person)
žurixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
žuriste (aorist plural second-person)
žurišę (aorist plural third-person)
žurimъ (first-person plural present)
žurite (plural present second-person)
žurętь (plural present third-person)
žuřaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
žuřaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
žuřaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
žuri (imperative second-person singular)
žuri (imperative singular third-person)
žuřaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
žuřaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
žuřaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
žurivě (dual first-person imperative)
žurita (dual imperative second-person)
žuřaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
žuřaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
žuřaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
žurimъ (first-person imperative plural)
žurite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: журы́цца (žurýcca)

Russian: жури́ть (žurítʹ)

Ukrainian: жури́ти (žurýty)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жу́рити

Latin script: žúriti

Slovene: žúriti se (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: zuřit

Old Polish: żurzyć

Polish: żurzyć się (obsolete)

Slovak: žúriť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: zuriś

Often derived from Proto-Indo-European *gʰewro- and thus cognate with Sanskrit घोर (ghorá, “terrible, terrifying”), Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃 (gaurs, “sad”), 𐌲𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gaurjan), Old High German gōrag, Old Irish gúrе.
An alternative possibility is derivation from Proto-Indo-European *ǵewH- (“force, drive”) and thus cognate with Sanskrit जू (jū, “drive, impel, hurry”), Persian زود (zud, “quick, rapid”), and perhaps Old Norse keyra (“drive”).


gatati

gatàti (canonical imperfective)
gatanьje (noun-from-verb)
gatati (infinitive)
gatatъ (supine)
gatalъ (l-participle)
gatanъ (participle passive past)
gatajemъ (participle passive present)
gatavъ (active participle past)
gataję (active participle present)
gataxъ (aorist first-person singular)
gata (aorist second-person singular)
gata (aorist singular third-person)
gatajǫ (first-person present singular)
gataješi (present second-person singular)
gatajetь (present singular third-person)
gataxově (aorist dual first-person)
gatasta (aorist dual second-person)
gataste (aorist dual third-person)
gatajevě (dual first-person present)
gatajeta (dual present second-person)
gatajete (dual present third-person)
gataxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gataste (aorist plural second-person)
gatašę (aorist plural third-person)
gatajemъ (first-person plural present)
gatajete (plural present second-person)
gatajǫtь (plural present third-person)
gataaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gataaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gataaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gataji (imperative second-person singular)
gataji (imperative singular third-person)
gataaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gataašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gataašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gatajivě (dual first-person imperative)
gatajita (dual imperative second-person)
gataaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gataašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gataaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gatajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
gatajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

⇒ Middle Russian: гатити (gatiti, “to invigorate, to speak excitedly”) (causative)

Russian: гатать (gatatʹ, “to speak crypticly”) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: гатати (gatati)

→ Old East Slavic: гатати (gatati, “to predict”)

Bulgarian: га́там (gátam, “to foretell”) (dialectal)

Macedonian: гата (gata)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: га́тати

Latin script: gátati

Slovene: gátati (tonal orthography) (rare)

West Slavic:

Old Polish: gatać

Traditionally linked to Proto-Indo-Iranian *gaHtʰás (“hymn”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾eh₃- (“to call, to sing”) + *-th₂ós, verbalized with native *-ati. Alternative interpretations suggest descent from *gʷet- (“to talk”) (whence Proto-Germanic *kweþaną (“to say”)).

affix

to tell, to recite, to narrate (Northern Slavic)

(by extension) to tell fortunes (South Slavic)


sěděti

sědě̀ti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
sěděnьje (noun-from-verb)
sěděti (infinitive)
sědětъ (supine)
sědělъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
sěděvъ (active participle past)
sědę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
sěděxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sědě (aorist second-person singular)
sědě (aorist singular third-person)
sěďǫ (first-person present singular)
sědiši (present second-person singular)
sěditь (present singular third-person)
sěděxově (aorist dual first-person)
sěděsta (aorist dual second-person)
sěděste (aorist dual third-person)
sědivě (dual first-person present)
sědita (dual present second-person)
sědite (dual present third-person)
sěděxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sěděste (aorist plural second-person)
sěděšę (aorist plural third-person)
sědimъ (first-person plural present)
sědite (plural present second-person)
sědętь (plural present third-person)
sěděaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sěděaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sěděaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sědi (imperative second-person singular)
sědi (imperative singular third-person)
sěděaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sěděašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sěděašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sědivě (dual first-person imperative)
sědita (dual imperative second-person)
sěděaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sěděašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sěděaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sědimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sědite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сѣдѣти (sěděti)

Belarusian: сядзе́ць (sjadzjécʹ)

Russian: сиде́ть (sidétʹ)

Ukrainian: сиді́ти (sydíty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сѣдѣти (sěděti)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱑⰴⱑⱅⰻ (sěděti)

Bulgarian: седя́ (sedjá)

Macedonian: се́ди (sédi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сѐдети, сјѐдјети/сјѐдити

Latin: sèdeti, sjèdjeti/sjèditi

Slovene: sedẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sěděti
Czech: sedět

desctree

Old Polish: siedzieć
Polish: siedzieć
Silesian: siedzieć

Slovak: sedieť

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: sedzec

Slovincian: sêdzec

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: sedźeć

Lower Sorbian: sejźeś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sēdḗˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *sed-éh₁-ye-ti, from *sed- by Winter's law, or directly from the lengthened Narten root *sḗd-.
Cognate with Latvian sēdēt, Lithuanian sėdėti.


žeťi

žeťì (canonical imperfective)
žegnǫti (perfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
žeženьje (noun-from-verb)
žeťi (infinitive)
žeťь (supine)
žeglъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
žeženъ (participle passive past)
žьgomъ (participle passive present)
žegъ (active participle past)
žьgy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
žegъ (aorist first-person singular)
žegoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
žeže (aorist second-person singular)
žeže (aorist singular third-person)
žьgǫ (first-person present singular)
žьžeši (present second-person singular)
žьžetь (present singular third-person)
žegově (aorist dual first-person)
žegoxově (aorist dual first-person)
žegeta (aorist dual second-person)
žegosta (aorist dual second-person)
žegete (aorist dual third-person)
žegoste (aorist dual third-person)
žьževě (dual first-person present)
žьžeta (dual present second-person)
žьžete (dual present third-person)
žegomъ (aorist first-person plural)
žegoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
žegete (aorist plural second-person)
žegoste (aorist plural second-person)
žegǫ (aorist plural third-person)
žegošę (aorist plural third-person)
žьžemъ (first-person plural present)
žьžete (plural present second-person)
žьgǫtь (plural present third-person)
žьžaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
žьžaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
žьžaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
žьdzi (imperative second-person singular)
žьdzi (imperative singular third-person)
žьžaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
žьžaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
žьžaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
žьdzěvě (dual first-person imperative)
žьdzěta (dual imperative second-person)
žьžaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
žьžaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
žьžaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
žьdzěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
žьdzěte (imperative plural second-person)
c (accent-paradigm)
žeženьje (noun-from-verb)
žeťi (infinitive)
žeťь (supine)
žeglъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
žeženъ (participle passive past)
žegomъ (participle passive present)
žegъ (active participle past)
žegy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
žegъ (aorist first-person singular)
žegoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
žeže (aorist second-person singular)
žeže (aorist singular third-person)
žegǫ (first-person present singular)
žežeši (present second-person singular)
žežetь (present singular third-person)
žegově (aorist dual first-person)
žegoxově (aorist dual first-person)
žegeta (aorist dual second-person)
žegosta (aorist dual second-person)
žegete (aorist dual third-person)
žegoste (aorist dual third-person)
žeževě (dual first-person present)
žežeta (dual present second-person)
žežete (dual present third-person)
žegomъ (aorist first-person plural)
žegoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
žegete (aorist plural second-person)
žegoste (aorist plural second-person)
žegǫ (aorist plural third-person)
žegošę (aorist plural third-person)
žežemъ (first-person plural present)
žežete (plural present second-person)
žegǫtь (plural present third-person)
žežaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
žežaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
žežaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
žьdzi (imperative second-person singular)
žьdzi (imperative singular third-person)
žežaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
žežaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
žežaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
žьdzěvě (dual first-person imperative)
žьdzěta (dual imperative second-person)
žežaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
žežaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
žežaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
žьdzěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
žьdzěte (imperative plural second-person)
c (accent-paradigm)
žeženьje (noun-from-verb)
žeťi (infinitive)
žeťь (supine)
žeglъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
žeženъ (participle passive past)
žegomъ (participle passive present)
žegъ (active participle past)
žegy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
žaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
žeže (aorist second-person singular)
žeže (aorist singular third-person)
žegǫ (first-person present singular)
žežeši (present second-person singular)
žežetь (present singular third-person)
žaxově (aorist dual first-person)
žasta (aorist dual second-person)
žaste (aorist dual third-person)
žeževě (dual first-person present)
žežeta (dual present second-person)
žežete (dual present third-person)
žaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
žaste (aorist plural second-person)
žašę (aorist plural third-person)
žežemъ (first-person plural present)
žežete (plural present second-person)
žegǫtь (plural present third-person)
žežaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
žežaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
žežaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
žьdzi (imperative second-person singular)
žьdzi (imperative singular third-person)
žežaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
žežaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
žežaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
žьdzěvě (dual first-person imperative)
žьdzěta (dual imperative second-person)
žežaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
žežaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
žežaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
žьdzěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
žьdzěte (imperative plural second-person)

Marko Snoj
Rick Derksen
cs:Český etymologický slovník

East Slavic:

Belarusian: джгаць (džhacʹ)

Russian: жечь (žečʹ)

Ukrainian: жегчи́ (žehčý) (dated), жегти́ (žehtý) (dated)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

q

Cyrillic: жещи (žešti) (both 1p. sg. pres. жегѫ (žegǫ) and жьгѫ (žĭgǫ) are attested)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: жежа́ (žežá), dial. же́гам (žégam)

Macedonian: жеже (žeže)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жѐћи

Latin script: žèći

Slovene: žgáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: žéci

desc

Czech: žéci (obsolete), žíci (obsolete), ⇒ žhnout

Old Polish: żec

Polish: żec (obsolete), dźgać, żgać

⇒ Silesian: żgać

From earlier *gegti, reflecting an irregular change *d > *g from *degti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *degtéi, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰégʷʰeti. Cognate with Lithuanian dègti, Latvian degt, Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰáǰʰati, Albanian djeg.
The assimilation *d-g- > *g-g- in Slavic probably have spread from the 0-grade forms, which created a similar environment to the so-called thorn clusters in Proto-Indo-European. Compare the descendants of Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰey- (“to dwindle, to perish”).


bajati

bàjati (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
bajanьje (noun-from-verb)
bajati (infinitive)
bajatъ (supine)
bajalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
bajanъ (participle passive past)
bajemъ (participle passive present)
bajavъ (active participle past)
baję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
bajaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
baja (aorist second-person singular)
baja (aorist singular third-person)
bajǫ (first-person present singular)
baješi (present second-person singular)
bajetь (present singular third-person)
bajaxově (aorist dual first-person)
bajasta (aorist dual second-person)
bajaste (aorist dual third-person)
bajevě (dual first-person present)
bajeta (dual present second-person)
bajete (dual present third-person)
bajaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bajaste (aorist plural second-person)
bajašę (aorist plural third-person)
bajemъ (first-person plural present)
bajete (plural present second-person)
bajǫtь (plural present third-person)
bajaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bajaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bajaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
baji (imperative second-person singular)
baji (imperative singular third-person)
bajaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bajaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bajaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bajivě (dual first-person imperative)
bajita (dual imperative second-person)
bajaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bajaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bajaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: баꙗти (bajati)

Belarusian: ба́яць (bájacʹ)

Russian: ба́ять (bájatʹ) (archaic)

Ukrainian: ба́яти (bájaty) (archaic)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ба́я (bája)

Macedonian: бае (bae)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ба̏јати

Latin script: bȁjati

Slovene: bájati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: bájit

Old Polish: bajać

Polish: bajać (literary)

Kashubian: bajac

Slovincian: bajac

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: bać

Lower Sorbian: bajaś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *bā́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéh₂ti.


orzuměti

orzuměnьje (noun-from-verb)
orzuměti (infinitive)
orzumětъ (supine)
orzumělъ (l-participle)
orzuměnъ (participle passive past)
orzumějemъ (participle passive present)
orzuměvъ (active participle past)
orzuměję (active participle present)
orzuměxъ (aorist first-person singular)
orzumě (aorist second-person singular)
orzumě (aorist singular third-person)
orzumějǫ (first-person present singular)
orzuměješi (present second-person singular)
orzumějetь (present singular third-person)
orzuměxově (aorist dual first-person)
orzuměsta (aorist dual second-person)
orzuměste (aorist dual third-person)
orzumějevě (dual first-person present)
orzumějeta (dual present second-person)
orzumějete (dual present third-person)
orzuměxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
orzuměste (aorist plural second-person)
orzuměšę (aorist plural third-person)
orzumějemъ (first-person plural present)
orzumějete (plural present second-person)
orzumějǫtь (plural present third-person)
orzuměaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
orzuměaše (imperfect second-person singular)
orzuměaše (imperfect singular third-person)
orzuměji (imperative second-person singular)
orzuměji (imperative singular third-person)
orzuměaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
orzuměašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
orzuměašete (dual imperfect third-person)
orzumějivě (dual first-person imperative)
orzumějita (dual imperative second-person)
orzuměaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
orzuměašete (imperfect plural second-person)
orzuměaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
orzumějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
orzumějite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: разуме́ць (razumjécʹ)

Russian: разуме́ть (razumétʹ) (dated)

Ukrainian: розумі́ти (rozumíty)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: разоумѣти (razuměti)

Bulgarian: разумея (razumeja)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: разу̀мети, разу̀мјети

Latin: razùmeti, razùmjeti

Slovene: razumẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: rozoměti
Czech: rozumět

desctree

Old Polish: rozumieć
Polish: rozumieć
Silesian: rozumieć

Slovak: rozumieť

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: rozmiôc

Slovincian: rozmjoc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: rozumić


dělati

dělanьje (noun-from-verb)
dělati (infinitive)
dělatъ (supine)
dělalъ (l-participle)
dělanъ (participle passive past)
dělajemъ (participle passive present)
dělavъ (active participle past)
dělaję (active participle present)
dělaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
děla (aorist second-person singular)
děla (aorist singular third-person)
dělajǫ (first-person present singular)
dělaješi (present second-person singular)
dělajetь (present singular third-person)
dělaxově (aorist dual first-person)
dělasta (aorist dual second-person)
dělaste (aorist dual third-person)
dělajevě (dual first-person present)
dělajeta (dual present second-person)
dělajete (dual present third-person)
dělaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dělaste (aorist plural second-person)
dělašę (aorist plural third-person)
dělajemъ (first-person plural present)
dělajete (plural present second-person)
dělajǫtь (plural present third-person)
dělaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dělaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dělaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dělaji (imperative second-person singular)
dělaji (imperative singular third-person)
dělaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dělaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dělaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dělajivě (dual first-person imperative)
dělajita (dual imperative second-person)
dělaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dělaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dělaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dělajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dělajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Belarusian: дзе́лаць (dzjélacʹ, “act, to do something about something”)

Russian: де́лать (délatʹ)

Ukrainian: ді́лати (dílaty, “act, to do something about something”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: дѣлати (dělati)

Bulgarian: дя́лам (djálam, “to hack, to chip”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: де̏лати, дје̏лати

Latin script: dȅlati, djȅlati

Slovene: délati

West Slavic:

desctree

Old Czech: dělati, děłati (alternative writing)
Czech: dělat

Old Polish: działać
Polish: działać
Silesian: działać

Polabian: ďolăt

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: dzałac

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: dźěłać

Lower Sorbian: źěłaś


uměti

uměnьje (noun-from-verb)
uměti (infinitive)
umětъ (supine)
umělъ (l-participle)
uměnъ (participle passive past)
umějemъ (participle passive present)
uměvъ (active participle past)
uměję (active participle present)
uměxъ (aorist first-person singular)
umě (aorist second-person singular)
umě (aorist singular third-person)
umějǫ (first-person present singular)
uměješi (present second-person singular)
umějetь (present singular third-person)
uměxově (aorist dual first-person)
uměsta (aorist dual second-person)
uměste (aorist dual third-person)
umějevě (dual first-person present)
umějeta (dual present second-person)
umějete (dual present third-person)
uměxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
uměste (aorist plural second-person)
uměšę (aorist plural third-person)
umějemъ (first-person plural present)
umějete (plural present second-person)
umějǫtь (plural present third-person)
uměaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
uměaše (imperfect second-person singular)
uměaše (imperfect singular third-person)
uměji (imperative second-person singular)
uměji (imperative singular third-person)
uměaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
uměašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
uměašete (dual imperfect third-person)
umějivě (dual first-person imperative)
umějita (dual imperative second-person)
uměaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
uměašete (imperfect plural second-person)
uměaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
umějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
umějite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: оумѣти (uměti)

Belarusian: уме́ць (umjécʹ)/ ўмець (ŭmjecʹ)

Russian: уме́ть (umétʹ)

Ukrainian: вмі́ти (vmíty)/ умі́ти (umíty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: оумѣти (uměti)

Glagolitic script: ⱆⰿⱑⱅⰹ (uměti)

Bulgarian: уме́я (uméja)

Macedonian: умее (umee)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: у̀мети, у̀мјети

Latin script: ùmeti, ùmjeti

Slovene: uméti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: uměti

Czech: umět

Old Polish: umieć
Polish: umieć
Silesian: umieć

Slovak: umieť

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: ùmiec

Slovincian: wùmjoc

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: huměś

Upper Sorbian: wuměć


cělovati

cělovàti (canonical imperfective)
cělovanьje (noun-from-verb)
cělovati (infinitive)
cělovatъ (supine)
cělovalъ (l-participle)
cělovanъ (participle passive past)
cělujemъ (participle passive present)
cělovavъ (active participle past)
cěluję (active participle present)
cělovaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
cělova (aorist second-person singular)
cělova (aorist singular third-person)
cělujǫ (first-person present singular)
cěluješi (present second-person singular)
cělujetь (present singular third-person)
cělovaxově (aorist dual first-person)
cělovasta (aorist dual second-person)
cělovaste (aorist dual third-person)
cělujevě (dual first-person present)
cělujeta (dual present second-person)
cělujete (dual present third-person)
cělovaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
cělovaste (aorist plural second-person)
cělovašę (aorist plural third-person)
cělujemъ (first-person plural present)
cělujete (plural present second-person)
cělujǫtь (plural present third-person)
cělovaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
cělovaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
cělovaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
cěluji (imperative second-person singular)
cěluji (imperative singular third-person)
cělovaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
cělovaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
cělovaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
cělujivě (dual first-person imperative)
cělujita (dual imperative second-person)
cělovaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
cělovaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
cělovaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
cělujimъ (first-person imperative plural)
cělujite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: цѣловати (cělovati)

Belarusian: цалава́ць (calavácʹ)

Russian: целова́ть (celovátʹ)

Ukrainian: цілува́ти (ciluváty)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: цѣловати (cělovati)

Bulgarian: целу́вам (celúvam)

Macedonian: целува (celuva)

Serbo-Croatian: цели́вати

Slovene: célovati

West Slavic:

Old Czech: cělovati

Czech: celovat

Kashubian: całowac

desctree

Old Polish: całować
Polish: całować
Silesian: całować

Slovak: celovať

From *cělъ (“whole”) + *-ovati (u-stem).
Compare
Old Prussian kayle,
Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐍃 (hails, “hail!”),
Latin salūtō, salvē.


slyšati

a (accent-paradigm)
slyšanьje (noun-from-verb)
slyšati (infinitive)
slyšatъ (supine)
slyšalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
slyšanъ (participle passive past)
slyšimъ (participle passive present)
slyšavъ (active participle past)
slyšę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
slyšaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
slyša (aorist second-person singular)
slyša (aorist singular third-person)
slyšǫ (first-person present singular)
slyšiši (present second-person singular)
slyšitь (present singular third-person)
slyšaxově (aorist dual first-person)
slyšasta (aorist dual second-person)
slyšaste (aorist dual third-person)
slyšivě (dual first-person present)
slyšita (dual present second-person)
slyšite (dual present third-person)
slyšaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
slyšaste (aorist plural second-person)
slyšašę (aorist plural third-person)
slyšimъ (first-person plural present)
slyšite (plural present second-person)
slyšętь (plural present third-person)
slyšaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
slyšaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
slyšaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
slyši (imperative second-person singular)
slyši (imperative singular third-person)
slyšaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
slyšaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
slyšaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
slyšivě (dual first-person imperative)
slyšita (dual imperative second-person)
slyšaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
slyšaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
slyšaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
slyšimъ (first-person imperative plural)
slyšite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old Ruthenian: слышати (slyšati), слышѣти (slyšěti), слыхати (slyxati)

Belarusian: слыха́ць (slyxácʹ)

Ukrainian: слиша́ти (slyšáty), слиха́ти (slyxáty)

Russian: слы́шать (slýšatʹ), слыха́ть (slyxátʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: слꙑшати (slyšati)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сли̏шати (obsolete)

Latin script: slȉšati (obsolete)

Slovene: slíšati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: slyšěti
Czech: slyšet

desctree

Old Polish: słyszeć
Polish: słyszeć
Silesian: słyszeć

Slovak: slyšať

Polabian: slåisot

Pomeranian:

Slovincian: słëszec

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: słyšeć

Lower Sorbian: słyšaś

From earlier *slyxěti, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew-.


mьněti

mьně̀ti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
mьněnьje (noun-from-verb)
mьněti (infinitive)
mьnětъ (supine)
mьnělъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
mьněnъ (participle passive past)
mьnimъ (participle passive present)
mьněvъ (active participle past)
mьnę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
mьněxъ (aorist first-person singular)
mьně (aorist second-person singular)
mьně (aorist singular third-person)
mьňǫ (first-person present singular)
mьniši (present second-person singular)
mьnitь (present singular third-person)
mьněxově (aorist dual first-person)
mьněsta (aorist dual second-person)
mьněste (aorist dual third-person)
mьnivě (dual first-person present)
mьnita (dual present second-person)
mьnite (dual present third-person)
mьněxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mьněste (aorist plural second-person)
mьněšę (aorist plural third-person)
mьnimъ (first-person plural present)
mьnite (plural present second-person)
mьnętь (plural present third-person)
mьněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mьněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mьněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
mьni (imperative second-person singular)
mьni (imperative singular third-person)
mьněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mьněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mьněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mьnivě (dual first-person imperative)
mьnita (dual imperative second-person)
mьněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mьněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mьněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mьnimъ (first-person imperative plural)
mьnite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: мьнѣти (mĭněti), мьнити (mĭniti)

Belarusian: мнець (mnjecʹ), мныць (mnycʹ) (obsolete)

Russian: мнить (mnitʹ)

Ukrainian: мни́ти (mnýty) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: мьнѣти (mĭněti)

Bulgarian: мня (mnja) (obsolete; now found only in prefixed verbs)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мнјети (archaic), мни̏ти

Latin script: mnjeti, mnȉti

Slovene: mnẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mnieti

Czech: mněti (obsolete), mnít (literary, archaic)

Old Polish: mnieć
Middle Polish: mnieć

Slovak: mnieť (obsolete)

⇒ Slovak: domnievať sa, domnienka

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *minḗˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *mn-eh₁- (present stem *mn-eye-), from the root *men- (“to think, mind”).


sъlati

b (accent-paradigm)
sъlanьje (noun-from-verb)
sъlati (infinitive)
sъlatъ (supine)
sъlalъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
sъlanъ (participle passive past)
sъľemъ (participle passive present)
sъlavъ (active participle past)
sъľę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
sъlaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sъla (aorist second-person singular)
sъla (aorist singular third-person)
sъľǫ (first-person present singular)
sъľeši (present second-person singular)
sъľetь (present singular third-person)
sъlaxově (aorist dual first-person)
sъlasta (aorist dual second-person)
sъlaste (aorist dual third-person)
sъľevě (dual first-person present)
sъľeta (dual present second-person)
sъľete (dual present third-person)
sъlaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sъlaste (aorist plural second-person)
sъlašę (aorist plural third-person)
sъľemъ (first-person plural present)
sъľete (plural present second-person)
sъľǫtь (plural present third-person)
sъlaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sъlaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sъlaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sъľi (imperative second-person singular)
sъľi (imperative singular third-person)
sъlaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sъlaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sъlaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sъľivě (dual first-person imperative)
sъľita (dual imperative second-person)
sъlaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sъlaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sъlaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sъľimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sъľite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: слаць (slacʹ), пасла́ць (paslácʹ)

Russian: сла́ть (slátʹ), посла́ть (poslátʹ)

Ukrainian: сла́ти (sláty), посла́ти (posláty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: сълати (sŭlati)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сла̏ти

Latin script: slȁti

⇒ Slovene: posláti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

⇒ Czech: poslat

Kashubian: słac, swac

Old Polish: słać
Polish: słać

Slovak: poslať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: słaś

Upper Sorbian: słać

Uncertain. Generally considered to be from Proto-Indo-European *selH-, however, it is unclear if the Slavic lemma reflects:
* *selh₁- (“to favour”) which gave Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (saljan, “to sacrifice”);
* *selh₂- (“to be merciful, to comfort”) which is the origin of Latin sōlor (“to comfort”), Ancient Greek ἱλάσκομαι (hiláskomai, “to appease, conciliate”), and Gothic 𐍃𐌴𐌻𐍃 (sēls, “good, kind”).
* *solh₂- (“to be whole”) which is the origin of Latin solidus (“solid”), Ancient Greek ὅλος (hólos, “whole, holastic”), and Sanskrit सर्व (sarva, “entire”).


rinǫti

rìnǫti (canonical perfective)
rivati (South imperfective)
rějati (North imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
rinovenьje (noun-from-verb)
rinǫti (infinitive)
rinǫtъ (supine)
rinǫlъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
rinovenъ (participle passive past)
rinǫvъ (active participle past)
a (accent-paradigm)
rinǫxъ (aorist first-person singular)
rinǫ (aorist second-person singular)
rinǫ (aorist singular third-person)
rinǫ (first-person present singular)
rineši (present second-person singular)
rinetь (present singular third-person)
rinǫxově (aorist dual first-person)
rinǫsta (aorist dual second-person)
rinǫste (aorist dual third-person)
rinevě (dual first-person present)
rineta (dual present second-person)
rinete (dual present third-person)
rinǫxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
rinǫste (aorist plural second-person)
rinǫšę (aorist plural third-person)
rinemъ (first-person plural present)
rinete (plural present second-person)
rinǫtь (plural present third-person)
rini (imperative second-person singular)
rini (imperative singular third-person)
riněvě (dual first-person imperative)
riněta (dual imperative second-person)
riněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
riněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: ринѫти (rinǫti), ринути (rinuti)

ры́нуцца (rýnucca)

Belarusian: ры́нуць (rýnucʹ); ры́нуцца (rýnucca)

ри́нуться (rínutʹsja)

Russian: ри́нуть (rínutʹ) (obsolete); ри́нуться (rínutʹsja)

ри́нутися (rýnutysja)

Ukrainian: ри́нути (rýnuty); ри́нутися (rýnutysja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: ринѫти (rinǫti)

Glagolitic script: ⱃⰻⱀⱘⱅⰻ (rinǫti)

Bulgarian: ри́на (rína)

Macedonian: рине (rine)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ри̏нути

Latin script: rȉnuti

Slovene: ríniti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: řinúti

Czech: řinout se

Slovak: rinúť sa

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃ri-né-H-ti, from the root *h₃reyH-. Cognate with Sanskrit रिणाति (riṇā́ti, “to make flow, to release”), Ancient Greek ὀρῑ́νω (orī́nō, “to set in motion, to stimulate, to irritate”) (Lesbian dialect ὀρίννω (orínnō)), Proto-Germanic *rinnaną (“to run”). Further related to Latin rīvus (“stream”), irrītō (“to irritate”), Old Irish rían (“sea”), riathor (“waterfall”), Old English rīð (“stream”).

cog

to push, to shove, to force
→ (East Slavic) to throw, to expel


jьměti

jьměnьje (noun-from-verb)
jьměti (infinitive)
jьmětъ (supine)
jьmělъ (l-participle)
jьměnъ (participle passive past)
jьmějemъ (participle passive present)
jьměvъ (active participle past)
jьměję (active participle present)
jьměxъ (aorist first-person singular)
jьmě (aorist second-person singular)
jьmě (aorist singular third-person)
jьmějǫ (first-person present singular)
jьměješi (present second-person singular)
jьmějetь (present singular third-person)
jьměxově (aorist dual first-person)
jьměsta (aorist dual second-person)
jьměste (aorist dual third-person)
jьmějevě (dual first-person present)
jьmějeta (dual present second-person)
jьmějete (dual present third-person)
jьměxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
jьměste (aorist plural second-person)
jьměšę (aorist plural third-person)
jьmějemъ (first-person plural present)
jьmějete (plural present second-person)
jьmějǫtь (plural present third-person)
jьměaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
jьměaše (imperfect second-person singular)
jьměaše (imperfect singular third-person)
jьměji (imperative second-person singular)
jьměji (imperative singular third-person)
jьměaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
jьměašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
jьměašete (dual imperfect third-person)
jьmějivě (dual first-person imperative)
jьmějita (dual imperative second-person)
jьměaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
jьměašete (imperfect plural second-person)
jьměaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
jьmějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
jьmějite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: имѣти (iměti)

Belarusian: мець (mjecʹ)

Russian: име́ть (imétʹ)

Ukrainian: імі́ти (imíty), мі́ти (míty) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: имѣти (iměti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ѝмјети, ѝмети, ѝмити

Latin: ìmjeti, ìmeti, ìmiti

Slovene: imẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desctree

Old Czech: jmieti
Czech: mít
Moravian: mět

Old Polish: mieć
Polish: mieć
Silesian: mieć

Slovak: mať

Polabian: met

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: miec

Slovincian: mjêc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: měć

Lower Sorbian: měś

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁em- (“to take, distribute”). Related to *ętì (“to take”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *émtei.


karati

karanьje (noun-from-verb)
karati (infinitive)
karatъ (supine)
karalъ (l-participle)
karanъ (participle passive past)
karajemъ (participle passive present)
karavъ (active participle past)
karaję (active participle present)
karaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kara (aorist second-person singular)
kara (aorist singular third-person)
karajǫ (first-person present singular)
karaješi (present second-person singular)
karajetь (present singular third-person)
karaxově (aorist dual first-person)
karasta (aorist dual second-person)
karaste (aorist dual third-person)
karajevě (dual first-person present)
karajeta (dual present second-person)
karajete (dual present third-person)
karaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
karaste (aorist plural second-person)
karašę (aorist plural third-person)
karajemъ (first-person plural present)
karajete (plural present second-person)
karajǫtь (plural present third-person)
karaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
karaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
karaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
karaji (imperative second-person singular)
karaji (imperative singular third-person)
karaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
karaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
karaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
karajivě (dual first-person imperative)
karajita (dual imperative second-person)
karaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
karaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
karaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
karajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
karajite (imperative plural second-person)

Church Slavonic: карати (karati) (Serbian)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: карати (karati) (14th century)

Belarusian: кара́ць (karácʹ)

Russian: кара́ть (karátʹ)

Ukrainian: кара́ти (karáty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ка́рам (káram) (dialectal)

⇒ Bulgarian: ка́рам се (káram se)

Macedonian: кара (kara)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ка́рати

Latin script: kárati

Slovene: kȃrati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kárati

Czech: kárat

Kashubian: karac

Polish: karać

Slovak: kárať (literary)

Slovincian: karac

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: karaś

From the same root as *korìti (“to reproach”), with a long root vowel that is (per Derksen) of Proto-Slavic origin.


xъtěti

xъtěnьje (noun-from-verb)
xъtěti (infinitive)
xъtětъ (supine)
xъtělъ (l-participle)
xъtěnъ (participle passive past)
xъtimъ (participle passive present)
xъtěvъ (active participle past)
xъtę (active participle present)
xъtěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
xъtě (aorist second-person singular)
xъtě (aorist singular third-person)
xъťǫ (first-person present singular)
xъťi (present second-person singular)
xъťeši (present second-person singular)
xъťetь (present singular third-person)
xъtěxově (aorist dual first-person)
xъtěsta (aorist dual second-person)
xъtěste (aorist dual third-person)
xъťevě (dual first-person present)
xъťeta (dual present second-person)
xъťete (dual present third-person)
xъtěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
xъtěste (aorist plural second-person)
xъtěšę (aorist plural third-person)
xъťemъ (first-person plural present)
xъťete (plural present second-person)
xъtętь (plural present third-person)
xъtěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
xъtěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
xъtěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
xъťi (imperative second-person singular)
xъťi (imperative singular third-person)
xъtěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
xъtěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
xъtěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
xъťivě (dual first-person imperative)
xъťita (dual imperative second-person)
xъtěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
xъtěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
xъtěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
xъťimъ (first-person imperative plural)
xъťite (imperative plural second-person)


xotěti

xъtě̀ti (canonical imperfective)
xotěnьje (noun-from-verb)
xotěti (infinitive)
xotětъ (supine)
xotělъ (l-participle)
xotěnъ (participle passive past)
xotimъ (participle passive present)
xotěvъ (active participle past)
xotę (active participle present)
xotěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
xotě (aorist second-person singular)
xotě (aorist singular third-person)
xoťǫ (first-person present singular)
xoťi (present second-person singular)
xoťeši (present second-person singular)
xoťetь (present singular third-person)
xotěxově (aorist dual first-person)
xotěsta (aorist dual second-person)
xotěste (aorist dual third-person)
xoťevě (dual first-person present)
xoťeta (dual present second-person)
xoťete (dual present third-person)
xotěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
xotěste (aorist plural second-person)
xotěšę (aorist plural third-person)
xoťemъ (first-person plural present)
xoťete (plural present second-person)
xotętь (plural present third-person)
xotěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
xotěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
xotěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
xoťi (imperative second-person singular)
xoťi (imperative singular third-person)
xotěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
xotěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
xotěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
xoťivě (dual first-person imperative)
xoťita (dual imperative second-person)
xotěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
xotěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
xotěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
xoťimъ (first-person imperative plural)
xoťite (imperative plural second-person)
xotěnьje (noun-from-verb)
xotěti (infinitive)
xotětъ (supine)
xotělъ (l-participle)
xotěnъ (participle passive past)
xoťemъ (participle passive present)
xotěvъ (active participle past)
xoťę (active participle present)
xotěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
xotě (aorist second-person singular)
xotě (aorist singular third-person)
xoťǫ (first-person present singular)
xoťeši (present second-person singular)
xoťetь (present singular third-person)
xotěxově (aorist dual first-person)
xotěsta (aorist dual second-person)
xotěste (aorist dual third-person)
xoťevě (dual first-person present)
xoťeta (dual present second-person)
xoťete (dual present third-person)
xotěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
xotěste (aorist plural second-person)
xotěšę (aorist plural third-person)
xoťemъ (first-person plural present)
xoťete (plural present second-person)
xoťǫtь (plural present third-person)
xotěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
xotěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
xotěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
xoťi (imperative second-person singular)
xoťi (imperative singular third-person)
xotěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
xotěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
xotěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
xoťivě (dual first-person imperative)
xoťita (dual imperative second-person)
xotěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
xotěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
xotěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
xoťimъ (first-person imperative plural)
xoťite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: хотѣти (xotěti)

Old Ruthenian: хотѣ́ти (xotě́ti)

Belarusian: хаце́ць (xacjécʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: хотї́ти (xotjíty)

desc

Ukrainian: хоті́ти (xotíty), хті́ти (xtíty)

Russian: хоте́ть (xotétʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: хотѣти (xotěti), хътѣти (xŭtěti)

Bulgarian: ща (šta), ще (šte)

Macedonian: ќе (ḱe), неќе (neḱe)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: хте̏ти, хтје̏ти (pres. хоћу, хоћеш, etc.; auxiliary ћу, ћеш, etc.)

Latin: htȅti, htjȅti (pres. hoću, hoćeš, etc.; auxiliary ću, ćes, etc.)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: hotẹ́ti, htẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: chtieti

Czech: chtít

desctree

Old Polish: chcieć
Polish: chcieć
Silesian: chcieć

Polabian: *tet

desc

Old Slovak: chcieť, chocieť, chteť, kcieť, scieť, steť

Pannonian Rusyn: сцец (scec)

Slovak: chcieť

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: chcec

Slovincian: cêc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: chcyć

Lower Sorbian: kśěś

From or related to *xvatati (“to grasp, catch, grab”). For semantics shift compare Lithuanian grė́bti (“to seize, grasp, grab”) : Latvian gribēt (“to want”).


čapati

čapanьje (noun-from-verb)
čapati (infinitive)
čapatъ (supine)
čapalъ (l-participle)
čapanъ (participle passive past)
čapajemъ (participle passive present)
čapavъ (active participle past)
čapaję (active participle present)
čapaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
čapa (aorist second-person singular)
čapa (aorist singular third-person)
čapajǫ (first-person present singular)
čapaješi (present second-person singular)
čapajetь (present singular third-person)
čapaxově (aorist dual first-person)
čapasta (aorist dual second-person)
čapaste (aorist dual third-person)
čapajevě (dual first-person present)
čapajeta (dual present second-person)
čapajete (dual present third-person)
čapaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
čapaste (aorist plural second-person)
čapašę (aorist plural third-person)
čapajemъ (first-person plural present)
čapajete (plural present second-person)
čapajǫtь (plural present third-person)
čapaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
čapaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
čapaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
čapaji (imperative second-person singular)
čapaji (imperative singular third-person)
čapaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
čapaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
čapaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
čapajivě (dual first-person imperative)
čapajita (dual imperative second-person)
čapaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
čapaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
čapaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
čapajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
čapajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: ча́пать (čápatʹ)

Ukrainian: ча́патися (čápatysja)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: ча́пвам (čápvam), ча́пна (čápna, “I peck, I hook up”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: чапати

Slovene: čáраti (“to catch”)

West Slavic:

Czech: čараti, čарiti

Polish: сzарić, сzарać

Slovak: cáрať, čарiť (“to strike, to grasp”)

Onomatopoeic. Traditionally falsely connected with *keh₂p-. Compare *capati, *xapati.

onomatopoeic

Onomatopoeic


merti

mertì (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
mьrtьje (noun-from-verb)
merti (infinitive)
mertъ (supine)
mьrlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
mьrtъ (participle passive past)
mьromъ (participle passive present)
mьrъ (active participle past)
mьry (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
merxъ (aorist first-person singular)
mer (aorist second-person singular)
mertъ (aorist second-person singular)
mer (aorist singular third-person)
mertъ (aorist singular third-person)
mьrǫ (first-person present singular)
mьreši (present second-person singular)
mьretь (present singular third-person)
merxově (aorist dual first-person)
mersta (aorist dual second-person)
merste (aorist dual third-person)
mьrevě (dual first-person present)
mьreta (dual present second-person)
mьrete (dual present third-person)
merxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
merste (aorist plural second-person)
meršę (aorist plural third-person)
mьremъ (first-person plural present)
mьrete (plural present second-person)
mьrǫtь (plural present third-person)
mьrěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mьrěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mьrěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
mьri (imperative second-person singular)
mьri (imperative singular third-person)
mьrěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mьrěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mьrěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mьrěvě (dual first-person imperative)
mьrěta (dual imperative second-person)
mьrěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mьrěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mьrěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mьrěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
mьrěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мерети (mereti)

Belarusian: ме́рці (mjérci)

Russian: мере́ть (merétʹ)

desc

Ukrainian: мере́ти (meréty), ме́рти (mérty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мрѣти (mrěti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: мра (mra)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мрије̑ти

Latin script: mrijȇti

Slovene: mrẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mřieti

Czech: mřít (archaic)

Polabian: marĕt

Polish: mrzeć

Slovak: mrieť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: mrěś

Upper Sorbian: mrěć

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *mertéi, from Proto-Indo-European *mer-.


pьrděti

pьrdnǫti (perfective)
pьrděnьje (noun-from-verb)
pьrděti (infinitive)
pьrdětъ (supine)
pьrdělъ (l-participle)
pьrděvъ (active participle past)
pьrdę (active participle present)
pьrděxъ (aorist first-person singular)
pьrdě (aorist second-person singular)
pьrdě (aorist singular third-person)
pьrďǫ (first-person present singular)
pьrdiši (present second-person singular)
pьrditь (present singular third-person)
pьrděxově (aorist dual first-person)
pьrděsta (aorist dual second-person)
pьrděste (aorist dual third-person)
pьrdivě (dual first-person present)
pьrdita (dual present second-person)
pьrdite (dual present third-person)
pьrděxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pьrděste (aorist plural second-person)
pьrděšę (aorist plural third-person)
pьrdimъ (first-person plural present)
pьrdite (plural present second-person)
pьrdętь (plural present third-person)
pьrděaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pьrděaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pьrděaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pьrdi (imperative second-person singular)
pьrdi (imperative singular third-person)
pьrděaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pьrděašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pьrděašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pьrdivě (dual first-person imperative)
pьrdita (dual imperative second-person)
pьrděaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pьrděašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pьrděaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pьrdimъ (first-person imperative plural)
pьrdite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *пьрдѣти (*pĭrděti)

Old Ruthenian: *пердѣти (*perděti)

Belarusian: пярдзе́ць (pjardzjécʹ)

Ukrainian: перді́ти (perdíty)

Russian: перде́ть (perdétʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Bulgarian: пърдя́ (pǎrdjá); пърда́ (pǎrdá), пърдье́ (pǎrdjé) (dialectal)

Macedonian: прди (prdi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пр̀дети, пр̀дјети

Latin script: pr̀deti, pr̀djeti

Slovene: prdẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: prděti

Czech: prdět

Old Polish:

Polish: pierdzieć

Old Slovak: prdieť

Slovak: prdieť

Polabian: pohrde, pordĕ

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: pùrtac, pierdzec

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pjerźeś

Upper Sorbian: pjerdźeć

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pirdḗˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥d-éh₁-ye-ti, from *perd- (“to fart”).


mysliti

mỳsliti (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
mysľenьje (noun-from-verb)
mysliti (infinitive)
myslitъ (supine)
myslilъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
mysľenъ (participle passive past)
myslimъ (participle passive present)
mysľь (active participle past)
myslę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
myslixъ (aorist first-person singular)
mysli (aorist second-person singular)
mysli (aorist singular third-person)
mysľǫ (first-person present singular)
mysliši (present second-person singular)
myslitь (present singular third-person)
myslixově (aorist dual first-person)
myslista (aorist dual second-person)
mysliste (aorist dual third-person)
myslivě (dual first-person present)
myslita (dual present second-person)
myslite (dual present third-person)
myslixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mysliste (aorist plural second-person)
myslišę (aorist plural third-person)
myslimъ (first-person plural present)
myslite (plural present second-person)
myslętь (plural present third-person)
mysľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mysľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mysľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
mysli (imperative second-person singular)
mysli (imperative singular third-person)
mysľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mysľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mysľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
myslivě (dual first-person imperative)
myslita (dual imperative second-person)
mysľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mysľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mysľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
myslimъ (first-person imperative plural)
myslite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: мы́слить (mýslitʹ)

Ukrainian: ми́слити (mýslyty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: мꙑслити (mysliti)

Bulgarian: ми́сля (míslja)

Macedonian: мисли (misli)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ми̏слити

Latin script: mȉsliti

Slovene: mísliti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mysliti

Czech: myslit (dated)

desctree

Old Polish: myślić
Polish: myśleć
Silesian: myśleć

Slovak: myslieť

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: mëslëc

Slovincian: mëslëc


vezti

veztì (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
vezenьje (noun-from-verb)
vezti (infinitive)
veztъ (supine)
vezlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
vezenъ (participle passive past)
vezomъ (participle passive present)
vezъ (active participle past)
vezy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
vezъ (aorist first-person singular)
vezoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
veze (aorist second-person singular)
veze (aorist singular third-person)
vezǫ (first-person present singular)
vezeši (present second-person singular)
vezetь (present singular third-person)
vezově (aorist dual first-person)
vezoxově (aorist dual first-person)
vezeta (aorist dual second-person)
vezosta (aorist dual second-person)
vezete (aorist dual third-person)
vezoste (aorist dual third-person)
vezevě (dual first-person present)
vezeta (dual present second-person)
vezete (dual present third-person)
vezomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vezoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vezete (aorist plural second-person)
vezoste (aorist plural second-person)
vezǫ (aorist plural third-person)
vezošę (aorist plural third-person)
vezemъ (first-person plural present)
vezete (plural present second-person)
vezǫtь (plural present third-person)
vezěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vezěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vezěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vezi (imperative second-person singular)
vezi (imperative singular third-person)
vezěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vezěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vezěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vezěvě (dual first-person imperative)
vezěta (dual imperative second-person)
vezěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vezěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vezěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vezěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
vezěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: везти (vezti)
Old Ruthenian: везти (vezti)
Belarusian: ве́зці (vjézci)
Carpathian Rusyn: ве́зти (vézty)
Ukrainian: везти́ (veztý)
Russian: везти́ (veztí)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⰲⰵⱄⱅⰹ (vesti)

Old Cyrillic script: вести (vesti)

Bulgarian: веза́ (vezá) (obsolete)

Macedonian:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: вѐсти

Latin script: vèsti

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: vẹ́sti, vésti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vézti

Czech: vézt

Old Polish: wieźć

Polish: wieźć

Slovak: viezť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wjesć

Lower Sorbian: wjasć

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *weźtei, from Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ-.