sypati

sỳpati (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
sypanьje (noun-from-verb)
sypati (infinitive)
sypatъ (supine)
sypalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
sypanъ (participle passive past)
sypľemъ (participle passive present)
sypavъ (active participle past)
sypľę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
sypaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sypa (aorist second-person singular)
sypa (aorist singular third-person)
sypľǫ (first-person present singular)
sypľeši (present second-person singular)
sypľetь (present singular third-person)
sypaxově (aorist dual first-person)
sypasta (aorist dual second-person)
sypaste (aorist dual third-person)
sypľevě (dual first-person present)
sypľeta (dual present second-person)
sypľete (dual present third-person)
sypaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sypaste (aorist plural second-person)
sypašę (aorist plural third-person)
sypľemъ (first-person plural present)
sypľete (plural present second-person)
sypľǫtь (plural present third-person)
sypaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sypaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sypaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sypľi (imperative second-person singular)
sypľi (imperative singular third-person)
sypaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sypaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sypaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sypľivě (dual first-person imperative)
sypľita (dual imperative second-person)
sypaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sypaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sypaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sypľimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sypľite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сꙑпати (sypati)

Belarusian: сыпаць (sypacʹ)

Russian: сы́пать (sýpatʹ)

Ukrainian: си́пати (sýpaty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сꙑпати (sypati)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱏⰹⱂⰰⱅⰻ (sypati)

Bulgarian: си́пвам (sípvam)

Macedonian: сипе (sipe)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: си̏пати

Latin script: sȉpati

Slovene: sípati

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sypati

Czech: sypat

Old Polish: sypać

Polish: sypać

Kashubian: sëpac

Slovak: sypať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: sypać

Lower Sorbian: sypaś

Formally reflecting Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀptei (je-present). Baltic cognates include Lithuanian sū́puoti (“to rock, cradle”), Latvian supata (“protrusion”), Old Prussian suppis.


xovati

xovovati (perfective)
xovanьje (noun-from-verb)
xovati (infinitive)
xovatъ (supine)
xovalъ (l-participle)
xovanъ (participle passive past)
xovajemъ (participle passive present)
xovavъ (active participle past)
xovaję (active participle present)
xovaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
xova (aorist second-person singular)
xova (aorist singular third-person)
xovajǫ (first-person present singular)
xovaješi (present second-person singular)
xovajetь (present singular third-person)
xovaxově (aorist dual first-person)
xovasta (aorist dual second-person)
xovaste (aorist dual third-person)
xovajevě (dual first-person present)
xovajeta (dual present second-person)
xovajete (dual present third-person)
xovaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
xovaste (aorist plural second-person)
xovašę (aorist plural third-person)
xovajemъ (first-person plural present)
xovajete (plural present second-person)
xovajǫtь (plural present third-person)
xovaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
xovaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
xovaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
xovaji (imperative second-person singular)
xovaji (imperative singular third-person)
xovaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
xovaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
xovaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
xovajivě (dual first-person imperative)
xovajita (dual imperative second-person)
xovaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
xovaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
xovaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
xovajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
xovajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ховати (xovati)

desc

Belarusian: хова́ць (xovácʹ), хава́ць (xavácʹ)

Russian: хова́ть (xovátʹ), хува́ть (xuvátʹ)

Old Ukrainian: ховати (xovati), ховать (xovatĭ)

Ukrainian: хова́ти (xováty)

South Slavic:

Old Croatian: hovati

West Slavic:

Old Czech: chovati

Czech: chovat

Old Polish: chować

Polish: chować

Silesian: chować

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: chòwac

Slovak: chovať, chovať sa

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: khować

Lower Sorbian: chowaś

From an earlier *skovati, (per Berneker, Brückner) most likely from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewh₁- (“to heed, to perceive”) via semantic shift to observe → to overwatch, guard → to take care. Similar development as in Proto-Slavic *čuvati (“to hear”) > Macedonian чува (čuva, “to preserve”), dial. Bulgarian чу́вам (čúvam, “to overwatch, to tend”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *skawwōną (“to look”) and related to Ancient Greek θυο-σκόος (thuo-skóos, “priest”, literally “watching the victim”). Without initial s-: Ancient Greek κοέω (koéō, “to notice, note, remark”), Latin cavēre (“to guard, abide by, (be)ware, watch out”), Sanskrit कवि (kavi, “overseer, shepherd”).
Alternatively, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover”) with semantic development to cover → to hide, to shield → to take care of.

der

to take care, to heed, to tend → to raise, to upbring

to hide, to shield (in order to protect)


stružiti

struženьje (noun-from-verb)
stružiti (infinitive)
stružitъ (supine)
stružilъ (l-participle)
struženъ (participle passive past)
stružimъ (participle passive present)
stružь (active participle past)
stružę (active participle present)
stružixъ (aorist first-person singular)
struži (aorist second-person singular)
struži (aorist singular third-person)
stružǫ (first-person present singular)
stružiši (present second-person singular)
stružitь (present singular third-person)
stružixově (aorist dual first-person)
stružista (aorist dual second-person)
stružiste (aorist dual third-person)
struživě (dual first-person present)
stružita (dual present second-person)
stružite (dual present third-person)
stružixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
stružiste (aorist plural second-person)
stružišę (aorist plural third-person)
stružimъ (first-person plural present)
stružite (plural present second-person)
stružętь (plural present third-person)
stružaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
stružaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
stružaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
struži (imperative second-person singular)
struži (imperative singular third-person)
stružaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
stružaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
stružaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
struživě (dual first-person imperative)
stružita (dual imperative second-person)
stružaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
stružaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
stružaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
stružimъ (first-person imperative plural)
stružite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

Russian: стружи́ть (stružítʹ)

South Slavic: —

West Slavic: —


strъgati

strъganьje (noun-from-verb)
strъgati (infinitive)
strъgatъ (supine)
strъgalъ (l-participle)
strъganъ (participle passive past)
strъgajemъ (participle passive present)
strъgavъ (active participle past)
strъgaję (active participle present)
strъgaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
strъga (aorist second-person singular)
strъga (aorist singular third-person)
strъgajǫ (first-person present singular)
strъgaješi (present second-person singular)
strъgajetь (present singular third-person)
strъgaxově (aorist dual first-person)
strъgasta (aorist dual second-person)
strъgaste (aorist dual third-person)
strъgajevě (dual first-person present)
strъgajeta (dual present second-person)
strъgajete (dual present third-person)
strъgaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
strъgaste (aorist plural second-person)
strъgašę (aorist plural third-person)
strъgajemъ (first-person plural present)
strъgajete (plural present second-person)
strъgajǫtь (plural present third-person)
strъgaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
strъgaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
strъgaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
strъgaji (imperative second-person singular)
strъgaji (imperative singular third-person)
strъgaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
strъgaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
strъgaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
strъgajivě (dual first-person imperative)
strъgajita (dual imperative second-person)
strъgaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
strъgaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
strъgaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
strъgajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
strъgajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: стръгати (strŭgati)

Russian: строга́ть (strogátʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: стръгати (strŭgati)

Glagolitic: ⱄⱅⱃⱏⰳⰰⱅⰹ (strŭgati)

desc

Bulgarian: стъ̀ржа (stǎ̀rža), стръжа́ (strǎžá) (dialectal)

l/sl-tonal

Slovene: stŕgati (tonal orthography), 1st. sg. stȓgam, stŕgam, stȓžem, stŕžem (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sestrhal

Baltic cognates include Lithuanian strũgaîns.
Indo-European cognates include Proto-Germanic *streukaną, Ancient Greek στρεύγομαι (streúgomai), East Frisian strôk.


rějati

rě̀jati (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
rějanьje (noun-from-verb)
rějati (infinitive)
rějatъ (supine)
rějalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
rějanъ (participle passive past)
rějemъ (participle passive present)
rějavъ (active participle past)
rěję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
rějaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
rěja (aorist second-person singular)
rěja (aorist singular third-person)
rějǫ (first-person present singular)
rěješi (present second-person singular)
rějetь (present singular third-person)
rějaxově (aorist dual first-person)
rějasta (aorist dual second-person)
rějaste (aorist dual third-person)
rějevě (dual first-person present)
rějeta (dual present second-person)
rějete (dual present third-person)
rějaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
rějaste (aorist plural second-person)
rějašę (aorist plural third-person)
rějemъ (first-person plural present)
rějete (plural present second-person)
rějǫtь (plural present third-person)
rějaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
rějaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
rějaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
rěji (imperative second-person singular)
rěji (imperative singular third-person)
rějaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
rějaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
rějaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
rějivě (dual first-person imperative)
rějita (dual imperative second-person)
rějaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
rějaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
rějaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
rějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
rějite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: рѣꙗти (rějati)

desc

Russian: ре́ять (réjatʹ, “to soar, to hover, to flutter”)

Ukrainian: рі́яти (ríjaty, “to swarm”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: рѣꙗти (rějati, “to push, to press”)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: ре́я (réja, “to wander, to fly”)

West Slavic: —

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ráiˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reyH- (sometimes reconstructed as *h₃reyh₂-).
Baltic cognates include Latvian raĩdȋt (“to send hastily, urge”).
Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit रीयते (rī́yate, “to flow, whirl”), रेतस् (rétas), रीति (rītí, “current, stream; motion”), रिणाति (riṇāti), Latin rīvus (“brook, small stream”). See *rìnǫti for further cognates.


bъděti

c (accent-paradigm)
bъděnьje (noun-from-verb)
bъděti (infinitive)
bъdětъ (supine)
bъdělъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
bъděvъ (active participle past)
bъdę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
bъděxъ (aorist first-person singular)
bъdě (aorist second-person singular)
bъdě (aorist singular third-person)
bъďǫ (first-person present singular)
bъdiši (present second-person singular)
bъditь (present singular third-person)
bъděxově (aorist dual first-person)
bъděsta (aorist dual second-person)
bъděste (aorist dual third-person)
bъdivě (dual first-person present)
bъdita (dual present second-person)
bъdite (dual present third-person)
bъděxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bъděste (aorist plural second-person)
bъděšę (aorist plural third-person)
bъdimъ (first-person plural present)
bъdite (plural present second-person)
bъdętь (plural present third-person)
bъděaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bъděaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bъděaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bъdi (imperative second-person singular)
bъdi (imperative singular third-person)
bъděaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bъděašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bъděašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bъdivě (dual first-person imperative)
bъdita (dual imperative second-person)
bъděaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bъděašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bъděaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bъdimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bъdite (imperative plural second-person)

Church Slavonic: бъдѣти (bŭděti) (Russian)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: бъдѣти (bŭděti)

Old Ruthenian: бдѣти (bděti)

Russian: бдеть (bdetʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: бъдѣти (bŭděti)

Glagolitic: ⰱⱏⰴⱑⱅⰹ (bŭděti)

Bulgarian: бдя (bdja)

Macedonian: бдее (bdee)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бде̏ти, бдје̏ти

Latin: bdȅti, bdjȅti

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: bǝdẹ́ti, bdẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: bdieti

Czech: bdít

Old Polish: bdzieć

Slovak: bdieť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: bźeś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *budḗˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰ-éh₁ye-ti, from *bʰewdʰ- (“to be awake”).


vějati

vě̀jati (canonical)
a (accent-paradigm)
vějanьje (noun-from-verb)
vějati (infinitive)
vějatъ (supine)
vějalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
vějanъ (participle passive past)
vějemъ (participle passive present)
vějavъ (active participle past)
věję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
vějaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
věja (aorist second-person singular)
věja (aorist singular third-person)
vějǫ (first-person present singular)
věješi (present second-person singular)
vějetь (present singular third-person)
vějaxově (aorist dual first-person)
vějasta (aorist dual second-person)
vějaste (aorist dual third-person)
vějevě (dual first-person present)
vějeta (dual present second-person)
vějete (dual present third-person)
vějaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vějaste (aorist plural second-person)
vějašę (aorist plural third-person)
vějemъ (first-person plural present)
vějete (plural present second-person)
vějǫtь (plural present third-person)
vějaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vějaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vějaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
věji (imperative second-person singular)
věji (imperative singular third-person)
vějaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vějaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vějaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vějivě (dual first-person imperative)
vějita (dual imperative second-person)
vějaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vějaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vějaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
vějite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вѣꙗти (vějati)

Belarusian: ве́яць (vjéjacʹ)

Russian: ве́ять (véjatʹ)

Ukrainian: ві́яти (víjaty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: вѣꙗти (vějati)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⱑⱑⱅⰻ (věěti) (?)

Macedonian: вее (vee)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ве̏јати

Latin script: vȅjati

Slovene: vẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: vát

Polish: wiać

Silesian: wiŏć

Slovak: viať

Slovincian: vjoc

Extended from an earlier *věti + *-ati (a/je-conjugation), inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wḗˀtei, itself from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wḗh₁ti, from *h₂weh₁- (“to blow”).


bekati

beknǫti (perfective)
bekatьje (noun-from-verb)
bekati (infinitive)
bekatъ (supine)
bekalъ (l-participle)
bekatъ (participle passive past)
bečomъ (participle passive present)
bekavъ (active participle past)
bečy (active participle present)
bekaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
beka (aorist second-person singular)
beka (aorist singular third-person)
bečǫ (first-person present singular)
bečeši (present second-person singular)
bečetь (present singular third-person)
bekaxově (aorist dual first-person)
bekasta (aorist dual second-person)
bekaste (aorist dual third-person)
bečevě (dual first-person present)
bečeta (dual present second-person)
bečete (dual present third-person)
bekaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bekaste (aorist plural second-person)
bekašę (aorist plural third-person)
bečemъ (first-person plural present)
bečete (plural present second-person)
bečǫtь (plural present third-person)
bečěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bečěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bečěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
beči (imperative second-person singular)
beči (imperative singular third-person)
bečěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bečěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bečěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bečěvě (dual first-person imperative)
bečěta (dual imperative second-person)
bečěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bečěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bečěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bečěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
bečěte (imperative plural second-person)
bekanьje (noun-from-verb)
bekati (infinitive)
bekatъ (supine)
bekalъ (l-participle)
bekanъ (participle passive past)
bekajemъ (participle passive present)
bekavъ (active participle past)
bekaję (active participle present)
bekaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
beka (aorist second-person singular)
beka (aorist singular third-person)
bekajǫ (first-person present singular)
bekaješi (present second-person singular)
bekajetь (present singular third-person)
bekaxově (aorist dual first-person)
bekasta (aorist dual second-person)
bekaste (aorist dual third-person)
bekajevě (dual first-person present)
bekajeta (dual present second-person)
bekajete (dual present third-person)
bekaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bekaste (aorist plural second-person)
bekašę (aorist plural third-person)
bekajemъ (first-person plural present)
bekajete (plural present second-person)
bekajǫtь (plural present third-person)
bekaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bekaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bekaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bekaji (imperative second-person singular)
bekaji (imperative singular third-person)
bekaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bekaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bekaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bekajivě (dual first-person imperative)
bekajita (dual imperative second-person)
bekaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bekaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bekaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bekajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bekajite (imperative plural second-person)

Of onomatopoeic origin, from the interjection *be-e-e (“baa”) + *-kati with root vowel shortened. Technically reflecting Proto-Indo-European *beh₁- (“to bleat”).


blejati

blejanьje (noun-from-verb)
blejati (infinitive)
blejatъ (supine)
blejalъ (l-participle)
blejanъ (participle passive past)
blejemъ (participle passive present)
blejavъ (active participle past)
bleję (active participle present)
blejaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
bleja (aorist second-person singular)
bleja (aorist singular third-person)
blejǫ (first-person present singular)
bleješi (present second-person singular)
blejetь (present singular third-person)
blejaxově (aorist dual first-person)
blejasta (aorist dual second-person)
blejaste (aorist dual third-person)
blejevě (dual first-person present)
blejeta (dual present second-person)
blejete (dual present third-person)
blejaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
blejaste (aorist plural second-person)
blejašę (aorist plural third-person)
blejemъ (first-person plural present)
blejete (plural present second-person)
blejǫtь (plural present third-person)
blejaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
blejaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
blejaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bleji (imperative second-person singular)
bleji (imperative singular third-person)
blejaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
blejaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
blejaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
blejivě (dual first-person imperative)
blejita (dual imperative second-person)
blejaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
blejaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
blejaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
blejimъ (first-person imperative plural)
blejite (imperative plural second-person)

Alternative form of *blějati (“to bleat”)


berťi

berťì (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
berženьje (noun-from-verb)
berťi (infinitive)
berťь (supine)
berglъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
berženъ (participle passive past)
bergomъ (participle passive present)
bergъ (active participle past)
bergy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
bergъ (aorist first-person singular)
bergoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
berže (aorist second-person singular)
berže (aorist singular third-person)
bergǫ (first-person present singular)
beržeši (present second-person singular)
beržetь (present singular third-person)
bergově (aorist dual first-person)
bergoxově (aorist dual first-person)
bergeta (aorist dual second-person)
bergosta (aorist dual second-person)
bergete (aorist dual third-person)
bergoste (aorist dual third-person)
berževě (dual first-person present)
beržeta (dual present second-person)
beržete (dual present third-person)
bergomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bergoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bergete (aorist plural second-person)
bergoste (aorist plural second-person)
bergǫ (aorist plural third-person)
bergošę (aorist plural third-person)
beržemъ (first-person plural present)
beržete (plural present second-person)
bergǫtь (plural present third-person)
beržaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
beržaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
beržaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
berdzi (imperative second-person singular)
berdzi (imperative singular third-person)
beržaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
beržaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
beržaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
berdzěvě (dual first-person imperative)
berdzěta (dual imperative second-person)
beržaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
beržaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
beržaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
berdzěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
berdzěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: берагчы́ (bjerahčý)

Russian: бере́чь (beréčʹ)

desc

Ukrainian: беречи́ (berečý), берегти́ (berehtý)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: брѣщи (brěšti), Old Cyrillic script: небрѣщи (nebrěšti, “to neglect, to ignore”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бриjѐħи (archaic)

Latin script: brijèći (archaic)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *bergtei, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰergʰ-. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *berganą.


teťi

tečenьje (noun-from-verb)
teťi (infinitive)
teťь (supine)
teklъ (l-participle)
tečenъ (participle passive past)
tekomъ (participle passive present)
tekъ (active participle past)
teky (active participle present)
těxъ (aorist first-person singular)
teče (aorist second-person singular)
teče (aorist singular third-person)
tekǫ (first-person present singular)
tečeši (present second-person singular)
tečetь (present singular third-person)
těxově (aorist dual first-person)
těsta (aorist dual second-person)
těste (aorist dual third-person)
tečevě (dual first-person present)
tečeta (dual present second-person)
tečete (dual present third-person)
těxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
těste (aorist plural second-person)
těšę (aorist plural third-person)
tečemъ (first-person plural present)
tečete (plural present second-person)
tekǫtь (plural present third-person)
tečaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tečaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tečaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
tьci (imperative second-person singular)
tьci (imperative singular third-person)
tečaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tečaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tečaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tьcěvě (dual first-person imperative)
tьcěta (dual imperative second-person)
tečaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tečaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tečaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tьcěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
tьcěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: течи (teči)

Belarusian: цячы́ (cjačý)

Russian: те́чь (téčʹ)

Ukrainian: текти́ (tektý)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: тещи (tešti)

Glagolitic script: ⱅⰵⱋⰻ (tešti)

Bulgarian: тека́ (teká)

Macedonian: тече (teče)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: те̏ћи

Latin script: tȅći

Slovene: téči (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: téci

Czech: téci, téct

Old Polish: ciec

Polish: ciec

Slovak: tiecť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: ćec

Lower Sorbian: śac

From earlier *tekti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *tek-, from Proto-Indo-European *tekʷ- (“to run, flow”).
Baltic cognates include
Lithuanian tekė́ti (“to flow, run”), 3sg. tẽka and Latvian tecêt (“to flow, run”), 1sg. teku.
Indo-European cognates include
Sanskrit तक्ति (tákti, “to rush”),
Old Irish tachid (“to flee”).

inh

o(b)tokъ

*o(b)teťi (“to outflow; to sediment, to bulk, to swell”)


duriti

durìti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
duřenьje (noun-from-verb)
duriti (infinitive)
duritъ (supine)
durilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
duřenъ (participle passive past)
durimъ (participle passive present)
duřь (active participle past)
durę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
durixъ (aorist first-person singular)
duri (aorist second-person singular)
duri (aorist singular third-person)
duřǫ (first-person present singular)
duriši (present second-person singular)
duritь (present singular third-person)
durixově (aorist dual first-person)
durista (aorist dual second-person)
duriste (aorist dual third-person)
durivě (dual first-person present)
durita (dual present second-person)
durite (dual present third-person)
durixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
duriste (aorist plural second-person)
durišę (aorist plural third-person)
durimъ (first-person plural present)
durite (plural present second-person)
durętь (plural present third-person)
duřaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
duřaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
duřaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
duri (imperative second-person singular)
duri (imperative singular third-person)
duřaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
duřaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
duřaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
durivě (dual first-person imperative)
durita (dual imperative second-person)
duřaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
duřaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
duřaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
durimъ (first-person imperative plural)
durite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: дурить (duritʹ)

Ukrainian: дурити (duryty)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ду́рити се

Latin script: dúriti se

Slovene: dúriti

West Slavic:

Czech: duříť sa (dialectal)

Polish: durzyć

Slovak: duriť (dialectal)

From *durъ, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dʰew- with a suffix *-ro-. Cognate with Old Prussian dūrai (“shy”).


mьlgati

mьlganьje (noun-from-verb)
mьlgati (infinitive)
mьlgatъ (supine)
mьlgalъ (l-participle)
mьlganъ (participle passive past)
mьlgajemъ (participle passive present)
mьlgavъ (active participle past)
mьlgaję (active participle present)
mьlgaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
mьlga (aorist second-person singular)
mьlga (aorist singular third-person)
mьlgajǫ (first-person present singular)
mьlgaješi (present second-person singular)
mьlgajetь (present singular third-person)
mьlgaxově (aorist dual first-person)
mьlgasta (aorist dual second-person)
mьlgaste (aorist dual third-person)
mьlgajevě (dual first-person present)
mьlgajeta (dual present second-person)
mьlgajete (dual present third-person)
mьlgaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mьlgaste (aorist plural second-person)
mьlgašę (aorist plural third-person)
mьlgajemъ (first-person plural present)
mьlgajete (plural present second-person)
mьlgajǫtь (plural present third-person)
mьlgaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mьlgaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mьlgaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
mьlgaji (imperative second-person singular)
mьlgaji (imperative singular third-person)
mьlgaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mьlgaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mьlgaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mьlgajivě (dual first-person imperative)
mьlgajita (dual imperative second-person)
mьlgaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mьlgaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mьlgaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mьlgajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
mьlgajite (imperative plural second-person)

West Slavic:

Czech: mĺgat, mlgat

desc

Slovak: mlgať, mlogať, mogať, mogaliť, mogát

Correlative with *mьlsti. Expressive velarization.


sьrati

sьràti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
sьranьje (noun-from-verb)
sьrati (infinitive)
sьratъ (supine)
sьralъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
sьranъ (participle passive past)
seromъ (participle passive present)
sьravъ (active participle past)
sery (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
sьraxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sьra (aorist second-person singular)
sьra (aorist singular third-person)
serǫ (first-person present singular)
sereši (present second-person singular)
seretь (present singular third-person)
sьraxově (aorist dual first-person)
sьrasta (aorist dual second-person)
sьraste (aorist dual third-person)
serevě (dual first-person present)
sereta (dual present second-person)
serete (dual present third-person)
sьraxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sьraste (aorist plural second-person)
sьrašę (aorist plural third-person)
seremъ (first-person plural present)
serete (plural present second-person)
serǫtь (plural present third-person)
sьraaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sьraaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sьraaše (imperfect singular third-person)
seri (imperative second-person singular)
seri (imperative singular third-person)
sьraaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sьraašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sьraašete (dual imperfect third-person)
serěvě (dual first-person imperative)
serěta (dual imperative second-person)
sьraaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sьraašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sьraaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
serěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
serěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *сьрати (*sĭrati)

Old Ruthenian: *сра́ти (*sráti)

Belarusian: сраць (sracʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: сра́ти (sráty)

Ukrainian: сра́ти (sráty)

Russian: срать (sratʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: сера́ (será)

Macedonian: сере (sere)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сра̏ти

Latin script: srȁti

Slovene: sráti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: srát

Kashubian: srac

Polabian: sarăt, *śårăt

Polish: srać

Slovak: srať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: srać

Lower Sorbian: sraś

From Proto-Indo-European *sḱer- (Pokorny, Vasmer).
Compare Lithuanian sar̃ni, Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀 (saⁱriia), Persian سرگین (sargin), Sanskrit शर्धते (śárdhate), अवशर्धयति (avaśardhayati), possibly Ancient Greek σκῶρ (skôr), Proto-Germanic *skarną (“manure”) (whence Icelandic skarn).


měsiti

mě̄sìti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
měšenьje (noun-from-verb)
měsiti (infinitive)
měsitъ (supine)
měsilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
měšenъ (participle passive past)
měsimъ (participle passive present)
měšь (active participle past)
měsę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
měsixъ (aorist first-person singular)
měsi (aorist second-person singular)
měsi (aorist singular third-person)
měšǫ (first-person present singular)
měsiši (present second-person singular)
měsitь (present singular third-person)
měsixově (aorist dual first-person)
měsista (aorist dual second-person)
měsiste (aorist dual third-person)
měsivě (dual first-person present)
měsita (dual present second-person)
měsite (dual present third-person)
měsixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
měsiste (aorist plural second-person)
měsišę (aorist plural third-person)
měsimъ (first-person plural present)
měsite (plural present second-person)
měsętь (plural present third-person)
měšaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
měšaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
měšaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
měsi (imperative second-person singular)
měsi (imperative singular third-person)
měšaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
měšaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
měšaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
měsivě (dual first-person imperative)
měsita (dual imperative second-person)
měšaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
měšaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
měšaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
měsimъ (first-person imperative plural)
měsite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мѣсити (měsiti) (12th-13th century), мѣситисꙗ (měsitisja) (11th century)

Belarusian: мясі́ць (mjasícʹ)

Russian: меси́ть (mesítʹ)

Ukrainian: міси́ти (misýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мѣсити (měsiti)

Glagolitic: ⰿⱑⱄⰹⱅⰹ (měsiti)

Bulgarian: ме́ся (mésja)

Macedonian: ме́си (mési)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ме́сити

Latin script: mésiti

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: mesīti, mẹ́siti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: mísit

Polish: miesić

Old Slovak:

Pannonian Rusyn: мишиц (mišic)

Slovak: miesiť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: měsyć

Lower Sorbian: měsyś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *máiśīˀtei (“to mix”), from Proto-Indo-European *moyḱ-éye-ti (“to mix”, causative), from *meyḱ- (“to mix”).


dositi

došenьje (noun-from-verb)
dositi (infinitive)
dositъ (supine)
dosilъ (l-participle)
došenъ (participle passive past)
došь (active participle past)
dosixъ (aorist first-person singular)
dosi (aorist second-person singular)
dosi (aorist singular third-person)
došǫ (first-person present singular)
dosiši (present second-person singular)
dositь (present singular third-person)
dosixově (aorist dual first-person)
dosista (aorist dual second-person)
dosiste (aorist dual third-person)
dosivě (dual first-person present)
dosita (dual present second-person)
dosite (dual present third-person)
dosixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dosiste (aorist plural second-person)
dosišę (aorist plural third-person)
dosimъ (first-person plural present)
dosite (plural present second-person)
dosętь (plural present third-person)
dosi (imperative second-person singular)
dosi (imperative singular third-person)
dosivě (dual first-person imperative)
dosita (dual imperative second-person)
dosimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dosite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: досити (dositi, “find, encounter”)

South Slavic:

Church Slavonic: досити (dositi, “find, encounter”)

From Proto-Indo-European *deḱ- (“take, perceive”).


spěti

spě̀ti (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
spětьje (noun-from-verb)
spěti (infinitive)
spětъ (supine)
spělъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
spětъ (participle passive past)
spějemъ (participle passive present)
spěvъ (active participle past)
spěję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
spěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
spě (aorist second-person singular)
spě (aorist singular third-person)
spějǫ (first-person present singular)
spěješi (present second-person singular)
spějetь (present singular third-person)
spěxově (aorist dual first-person)
spěsta (aorist dual second-person)
spěste (aorist dual third-person)
spějevě (dual first-person present)
spějeta (dual present second-person)
spějete (dual present third-person)
spěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
spěste (aorist plural second-person)
spěšę (aorist plural third-person)
spějemъ (first-person plural present)
spějete (plural present second-person)
spějǫtь (plural present third-person)
spěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
spěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
spěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
spěji (imperative second-person singular)
spěji (imperative singular third-person)
spěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
spěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
spěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
spějivě (dual first-person imperative)
spějita (dual imperative second-person)
spěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
spěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
spěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
spějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
spějite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: спѣти (spěti)

Belarusian: спець (spjecʹ)

Russian: спеть (spetʹ)

Ukrainian: спі́ти (spíty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: спѣти (spěti)

Glagolitic: ⱄⱂⱑⱅⰹ (spěti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: у̀спјети; до̀спјети

Latin: ùspjeti; dòspjeti

Slovene: spẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: spět

Slovak: spieť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: spěć

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *spḗˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *spéh₁-ti (root present), from *speh₁- (“succeed, prosper”).


spěšiti

spěšenьje (noun-from-verb)
spěšiti (infinitive)
spěšitъ (supine)
spěšilъ (l-participle)
spěšenъ (participle passive past)
spěšimъ (participle passive present)
spěšь (active participle past)
spěšę (active participle present)
spěšixъ (aorist first-person singular)
spěši (aorist second-person singular)
spěši (aorist singular third-person)
spěšǫ (first-person present singular)
spěšiši (present second-person singular)
spěšitь (present singular third-person)
spěšixově (aorist dual first-person)
spěšista (aorist dual second-person)
spěšiste (aorist dual third-person)
spěšivě (dual first-person present)
spěšita (dual present second-person)
spěšite (dual present third-person)
spěšixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
spěšiste (aorist plural second-person)
spěšišę (aorist plural third-person)
spěšimъ (first-person plural present)
spěšite (plural present second-person)
spěšętь (plural present third-person)
spěšaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
spěšaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
spěšaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
spěši (imperative second-person singular)
spěši (imperative singular third-person)
spěšaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
spěšaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
spěšaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
spěšivě (dual first-person imperative)
spěšita (dual imperative second-person)
spěšaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
spěšaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
spěšaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
spěšimъ (first-person imperative plural)
spěšite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: спѣшити (spěšiti)

Belarusian: спе́шыць (spjéšycʹ)

Russian: спеши́ть (spešítʹ, “to hurry”), 1sg. спешу́ (spešú), 3sg. спеши́т (spešít)

Ukrainian: спіши́ти (spišýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: спѣшити (spěšiti, “to strive, to hurry”)

Glagolitic: ⱄⱂⱑⱎⰻⱅⰻ (spěšiti)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: spẹ́šiti (“to hurry, to rush”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. spẹ̑šim (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: spěšiti (“to hurry”)

Czech: spíšiti (obsolete), spěšiti (“to hurry”) (obsolete)

Polish: śpieszyć (“to hurry”)

From *spě̑xъ (“haste”) + *-iti, from *spě̀ti (“advance, ripen, hurry”) + *-xъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *spḗˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *spéh₁-ti (root present), from *speh₁- (“succeed, prosper”). Compare Proto-West Germanic *spōdijan.


rъděti

rъděnьje (noun-from-verb)
rъděti (infinitive)
rъdětъ (supine)
rъdělъ (l-participle)
rъděvъ (active participle past)
rъdę (active participle present)
rъděxъ (aorist first-person singular)
rъdě (aorist second-person singular)
rъdě (aorist singular third-person)
rъďǫ (first-person present singular)
rъdiši (present second-person singular)
rъditь (present singular third-person)
rъděxově (aorist dual first-person)
rъděsta (aorist dual second-person)
rъděste (aorist dual third-person)
rъdivě (dual first-person present)
rъdita (dual present second-person)
rъdite (dual present third-person)
rъděxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
rъděste (aorist plural second-person)
rъděšę (aorist plural third-person)
rъdimъ (first-person plural present)
rъdite (plural present second-person)
rъdętь (plural present third-person)
rъděaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
rъděaše (imperfect second-person singular)
rъděaše (imperfect singular third-person)
rъdi (imperative second-person singular)
rъdi (imperative singular third-person)
rъděaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
rъděašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
rъděašete (dual imperfect third-person)
rъdivě (dual first-person imperative)
rъdita (dual imperative second-person)
rъděaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
rъděašete (imperfect plural second-person)
rъděaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
rъdimъ (first-person imperative plural)
rъdite (imperative plural second-person)
rъděnьje (noun-from-verb)
rъděti (infinitive)
rъdětъ (supine)
rъdělъ (l-participle)
rъděvъ (active participle past)
rъděję (active participle present)
rъděxъ (aorist first-person singular)
rъdě (aorist second-person singular)
rъdě (aorist singular third-person)
rъdějǫ (first-person present singular)
rъděješi (present second-person singular)
rъdějetь (present singular third-person)
rъděxově (aorist dual first-person)
rъděsta (aorist dual second-person)
rъděste (aorist dual third-person)
rъdějevě (dual first-person present)
rъdějeta (dual present second-person)
rъdějete (dual present third-person)
rъděxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
rъděste (aorist plural second-person)
rъděšę (aorist plural third-person)
rъdějemъ (first-person plural present)
rъdějete (plural present second-person)
rъdějǫtь (plural present third-person)
rъděaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
rъděaše (imperfect second-person singular)
rъděaše (imperfect singular third-person)
rъději (imperative second-person singular)
rъději (imperative singular third-person)
rъděaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
rъděašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
rъděašete (dual imperfect third-person)
rъdějivě (dual first-person imperative)
rъdějita (dual imperative second-person)
rъděaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
rъděašete (imperfect plural second-person)
rъděaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
rъdějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
rъdějite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ръдѣти сѧ

Belarusian:

Russian: рдеть (rdetʹ)

Ukrainian: рди́тися (rdýtysja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: ръдѣти сѧ

Glagolitic: [Term?]

desc

Macedonian: ру́дее (rúdee, “to redden”), ру́ди (rúdi, “to redden”)

Slovene: rdẹ́ti

West Slavic:

Czech: rdít

Old Polish: rdzieć

Slovak: rdieť sa

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rudḗˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰéh₁ti (“to be red”), from *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”).


kľučiti

kľùčiti (canonical)
kľučìti (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
kľučenьje (noun-from-verb)
kľučiti (infinitive)
kľučitъ (supine)
kľučilъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
kľučenъ (participle passive past)
kľučimъ (participle passive present)
kľučь (active participle past)
kľučę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
kľučixъ (aorist first-person singular)
kľuči (aorist second-person singular)
kľuči (aorist singular third-person)
kľučǫ (first-person present singular)
kľučiši (present second-person singular)
kľučitь (present singular third-person)
kľučixově (aorist dual first-person)
kľučista (aorist dual second-person)
kľučiste (aorist dual third-person)
kľučivě (dual first-person present)
kľučita (dual present second-person)
kľučite (dual present third-person)
kľučixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kľučiste (aorist plural second-person)
kľučišę (aorist plural third-person)
kľučimъ (first-person plural present)
kľučite (plural present second-person)
kľučętь (plural present third-person)
kľučaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kľučaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kľučaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kľuči (imperative second-person singular)
kľuči (imperative singular third-person)
kľučaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kľučaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kľučaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kľučivě (dual first-person imperative)
kľučita (dual imperative second-person)
kľučaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kľučaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kľučaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kľučimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kľučite (imperative plural second-person)
c (accent-paradigm)
kľučenьje (noun-from-verb)
kľučiti (infinitive)
kľučitъ (supine)
kľučilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
kľučenъ (participle passive past)
kľučimъ (participle passive present)
kľučь (active participle past)
kľučę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
kľučixъ (aorist first-person singular)
kľuči (aorist second-person singular)
kľuči (aorist singular third-person)
kľučǫ (first-person present singular)
kľučiši (present second-person singular)
kľučitь (present singular third-person)
kľučixově (aorist dual first-person)
kľučista (aorist dual second-person)
kľučiste (aorist dual third-person)
kľučivě (dual first-person present)
kľučita (dual present second-person)
kľučite (dual present third-person)
kľučixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kľučiste (aorist plural second-person)
kľučišę (aorist plural third-person)
kľučimъ (first-person plural present)
kľučite (plural present second-person)
kľučętь (plural present third-person)
kľučaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kľučaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kľučaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kľuči (imperative second-person singular)
kľuči (imperative singular third-person)
kľučaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kľučaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kľučaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kľučivě (dual first-person imperative)
kľučita (dual imperative second-person)
kľučaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kľučaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kľučaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kľučimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kľučite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ключити (ključiti)

Serbo-Croatian:

desc

Cyrillic script: кљу̀чити, кљу̏чити

Cyrillic script: кљу̀чити, кљу̏чити

Latin script: kljùčiti, kljȕčiti

Slovene: kljúčiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kľúčiti

Czech: klíčiti (“to deject”) (rare)

Kashubian: klëczëc

Polish: zakluczyć, odkluczyć

Slovak: kľučati

From *kľùka (“hook”) + *-iti or *kľúčь (“key”) + *-iti.


plyti

plỳti (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
plytьje (noun-from-verb)
plyti (infinitive)
plytъ (supine)
plylъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
plytъ (participle passive past)
plyvomъ (participle passive present)
plyvъ (active participle past)
plyvy (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
plyxъ (aorist first-person singular)
ply (aorist second-person singular)
ply (aorist singular third-person)
plyvǫ (first-person present singular)
plyveši (present second-person singular)
plyvetь (present singular third-person)
plyxově (aorist dual first-person)
plysta (aorist dual second-person)
plyste (aorist dual third-person)
plyvevě (dual first-person present)
plyveta (dual present second-person)
plyvete (dual present third-person)
plyxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
plyste (aorist plural second-person)
plyšę (aorist plural third-person)
plyvemъ (first-person plural present)
plyvete (plural present second-person)
plyvǫtь (plural present third-person)
plyvěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
plyvěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
plyvěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
plyvi (imperative second-person singular)
plyvi (imperative singular third-person)
plyvěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
plyvěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
plyvěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
plyvěvě (dual first-person imperative)
plyvěta (dual imperative second-person)
plyvěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
plyvěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
plyvěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
plyvěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
plyvěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: плыць (plycʹ), плы́сці (plýsci)

Russian: плыть (plytʹ)

Ukrainian: плисти́ (plystý), пливти́ (plyvtý)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: пли́вам (plívam) (dialectal)

Macedonian: плива (pliva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пли̑ти, пли̏вати

Latin script: plȋti, plȉvati

West Slavic:

Kashubian: płëwac

Old Polish: płyć

Polish: pływać

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: plěś, plěwaś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *plū́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₃(w)-. Cognate with Lithuanian plū́ti (“to flow”).


modliti

modlìti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
modľenьje (noun-from-verb)
modliti (infinitive)
modlitъ (supine)
modlilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
modľenъ (participle passive past)
modlimъ (participle passive present)
modľь (active participle past)
modlę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
modlixъ (aorist first-person singular)
modli (aorist second-person singular)
modli (aorist singular third-person)
modľǫ (first-person present singular)
modliši (present second-person singular)
modlitь (present singular third-person)
modlixově (aorist dual first-person)
modlista (aorist dual second-person)
modliste (aorist dual third-person)
modlivě (dual first-person present)
modlita (dual present second-person)
modlite (dual present third-person)
modlixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
modliste (aorist plural second-person)
modlišę (aorist plural third-person)
modlimъ (first-person plural present)
modlite (plural present second-person)
modlętь (plural present third-person)
modľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
modľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
modľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
modli (imperative second-person singular)
modli (imperative singular third-person)
modľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
modľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
modľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
modlivě (dual first-person imperative)
modlita (dual imperative second-person)
modľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
modľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
modľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
modlimъ (first-person imperative plural)
modlite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: молити (moliti)

Old Ruthenian: моли́ти (molíti)

Belarusian: малі́ць (malícʹ)

Ukrainian: моли́ти (molýty)

desctree

Russian: моли́ть (molítʹ)
→ Kildin Sami: мо̄ллэ (mōlle)

Old Novgorodian: моглити (mogliti)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: молити (moliti)

Glagolitic script: ⰿⱁⰾⰻⱅⰻ (moliti)

Bulgarian: мо́ля (mólja)

Macedonian: моли (moli)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мо̀лити

Latin script: mòliti

Slovene: molīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: modliti

Czech: modlit

Polish: modlić się

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: mòdlëc sã

Old Slovak:

Pannonian Rusyn: модлїц (modljic)

Slovak: modliť sa

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: modlić

Lower Sorbian: módliś

From metathesis *-ld- > *-dl-, inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *maldī́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *moldʰ-éye-ti, from *meldʰ- (“to ask, pray, beg”).
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian malda (“request”), maldýti (“to pray for”).
Indo-European cognates include Hittite 𒈠𒀀𒀠𒁲 (ma-a-al-di /māldi/, “to recite, make a vow”, 3sg.pres.act.), German melden (“to report, tell”), Old Armenian մաղթեմ (małtʻem).


estь

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: есть (estĭ), ѥ (je)

Russian: есть (jestʹ), ёсть (jostʹ)

Ukrainian: єсть (jestʹ), є (je)

Belarusian: ёсць (joscʹ), ё (jo)

desc

Old Novgorodian: есть (estĭ), есте (este), е (e)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ѥстъ (jestŭ), ѥ (je)

Bulgarian: е (e)

Macedonian: е (e), ести (esti) (dialectal), ет (et) (dialectal), јет (jet) (dialectal), је (je) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: је̏ст, је

Latin script: jȅst, je

Old Slovene: iezt, ieſt, geſt, ge, ie

Slovene: je

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jest (ieſt/yeſt/geſt), jesti (ieſti/gieſti/geſti/gesty), je (ge/gye)

Czech: jest (obsolete), je

Kashubian: je

Old Polish: jest, jeść, je

Polish: jest

Slovak: je

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: je

Lower Sorbian: jo

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *esti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti.
Baltic cognates are
Lithuanian ẽsti, ẽst,
Old Prussian ast.
Indo-European cognates are
Sanskrit अस्ति (ásti),
Avestan 𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬌 (asti)
Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎫𐎡𐎹 (a-s-t-i-y /astiy/),
Hittite 𒂊𒌍𒍣 (ēszi),
Ancient Greek ἐστί (estí),
Latin est,
Proto-Germanic *isti.

third-person singular present active indicative of *byti


stojati

stojàti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
stojanьje (noun-from-verb)
stojati (infinitive)
stojatъ (supine)
stojalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
stojavъ (active participle past)
stoję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
stojaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
stoja (aorist second-person singular)
stoja (aorist singular third-person)
stojǫ (first-person present singular)
stojiši (present second-person singular)
stojitь (present singular third-person)
stojaxově (aorist dual first-person)
stojasta (aorist dual second-person)
stojaste (aorist dual third-person)
stojivě (dual first-person present)
stojita (dual present second-person)
stojite (dual present third-person)
stojaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
stojaste (aorist plural second-person)
stojašę (aorist plural third-person)
stojimъ (first-person plural present)
stojite (plural present second-person)
stojętь (plural present third-person)
stojaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
stojaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
stojaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
stoji (imperative second-person singular)
stoji (imperative singular third-person)
stojaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
stojaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
stojaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
stojivě (dual first-person imperative)
stojita (dual imperative second-person)
stojaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
stojaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
stojaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
stojimъ (first-person imperative plural)
stojite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: стоꙗти (stojati)

Belarusian: стая́ць (stajácʹ)

Russian: стоя́ть (stojátʹ)

Ukrainian: стоя́ти (stojáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: стоꙗти (stojati)

Glagolitic: ⱄⱅⱁⱑⱅⰻ (stoěti)

Bulgarian: стоя́ (stojá)

Macedonian: стои (stoi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ста̏јати

Latin script: stȁjati

Slovene: státi (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: stát

desctree

Old Polish: stać
Polish: stać
Silesian: stać

Slovak: stáť

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: stac, stojec

Slovincian: stôjec

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: stać, stojeć, stejeć

Lower Sorbian: stojaś

From earlier *stojěti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *stajḗˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”) + *-ěti.
Perhaps a denominal stative (called "essive" in LIV) derived from an earlier participle stem or from a "Balto-Slavic stative derivative" related to the original Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti stative suffix. Parallel to Proto-Slavic *stajati.
Cognate with Proto-Italic *staēō.

inh

Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben
Marko Snoj
Rick Derksen


dubati

dubanьje (noun-from-verb)
dubati (infinitive)
dubatъ (supine)
dubalъ (l-participle)
dubanъ (participle passive past)
dubľemъ (participle passive present)
dubavъ (active participle past)
dubľę (active participle present)
dubaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
duba (aorist second-person singular)
duba (aorist singular third-person)
dubľǫ (first-person present singular)
dubľeši (present second-person singular)
dubľetь (present singular third-person)
dubaxově (aorist dual first-person)
dubasta (aorist dual second-person)
dubaste (aorist dual third-person)
dubľevě (dual first-person present)
dubľeta (dual present second-person)
dubľete (dual present third-person)
dubaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dubaste (aorist plural second-person)
dubašę (aorist plural third-person)
dubľemъ (first-person plural present)
dubľete (plural present second-person)
dubľǫtь (plural present third-person)
dubaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dubaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dubaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dubľi (imperative second-person singular)
dubľi (imperative singular third-person)
dubaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dubaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dubaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dubľivě (dual first-person imperative)
dubľita (dual imperative second-person)
dubaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dubaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dubaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dubľimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dubľite (imperative plural second-person)
dubanьje (noun-from-verb)
dubati (infinitive)
dubatъ (supine)
dubalъ (l-participle)
dubanъ (participle passive past)
dubajemъ (participle passive present)
dubavъ (active participle past)
dubaję (active participle present)
dubaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
duba (aorist second-person singular)
duba (aorist singular third-person)
dubajǫ (first-person present singular)
dubaješi (present second-person singular)
dubajetь (present singular third-person)
dubaxově (aorist dual first-person)
dubasta (aorist dual second-person)
dubaste (aorist dual third-person)
dubajevě (dual first-person present)
dubajeta (dual present second-person)
dubajete (dual present third-person)
dubaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dubaste (aorist plural second-person)
dubašę (aorist plural third-person)
dubajemъ (first-person plural present)
dubajete (plural present second-person)
dubajǫtь (plural present third-person)
dubaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dubaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dubaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dubaji (imperative second-person singular)
dubaji (imperative singular third-person)
dubaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dubaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dubaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dubajivě (dual first-person imperative)
dubajita (dual imperative second-person)
dubaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dubaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dubaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dubajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dubajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: дю́бать (djúbatʹ)

West Slavic:

Czech: ďubat

Polish: dziobać, dzióbać, dziubać

→ Belarusian: дзю́баць (dzjúbacʹ)

→ Russian: дзю́бать (dzjúbatʹ) (dialectal)

→ Ukrainian: дзьобати (dzʹobaty)

Slovak: ďubať, žďobať, ždobať

# From blend of *duplo/*dupľa (“tree hollow”) and *zobati (“to peck”).
# From Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“deep”). Some descendants are contaminated with *zobati (“to peck”).

pl:Štefan Peciar
uk:Мельничук Олександр Савич


ęti

ętì (canonical)
b (accent-paradigm)
ętьje (noun-from-verb)
ęti (infinitive)
ętъ (supine)
ęlъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
ętъ (participle passive past)
jьmomъ (participle passive present)
jьmъ (active participle past)
jьmy (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
ęsъ (aorist first-person singular)
ę(tъ) (aorist second-person singular)
ę(tъ) (aorist singular third-person)
jьmǫ (first-person present singular)
jьmeši (present second-person singular)
jьmetь (present singular third-person)
ęsově (aorist dual first-person)
ęsta (aorist dual second-person)
ęste (aorist dual third-person)
jьmevě (dual first-person present)
jьmeta (dual present second-person)
jьmete (dual present third-person)
ęsomъ (aorist first-person plural)
ęste (aorist plural second-person)
ęsę (aorist plural third-person)
jьmemъ (first-person plural present)
jьmete (plural present second-person)
jьmǫtь (plural present third-person)
jьměaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
jьměaše (imperfect second-person singular)
jьměaše (imperfect singular third-person)
jьmi (imperative second-person singular)
jьmi (imperative singular third-person)
jьměaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
jьměašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
jьměašete (dual imperfect third-person)
jьměvě (dual first-person imperative)
jьměta (dual imperative second-person)
jьměaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
jьměašete (imperfect plural second-person)
jьměaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
jьměmъ (first-person imperative plural)
jьměte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ѧти

Old Ruthenian: ѧти (jati)

desc

Ukrainian: -я́ти (-játy), -ня́ти (-njáty), йня́ти (jnjáty)

Russian: ять (jatʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ѩти

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: је́ти

Latin script: jéti

Slovene: jẹ́ti (tonal orthography) (archaic)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jieti

Czech: jmout

Kashubian: jąc, jic

Polish: jąć

Polabian: jėmĕ (3sg.)

Slovak: jať

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ímtei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁em-.


gadati

gādàti (canonical imperfective)
ganǫti (perfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
gadanьje (noun-from-verb)
gadati (infinitive)
gadatъ (supine)
gadalъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
gadanъ (participle passive past)
gadajemъ (participle passive present)
gadavъ (active participle past)
gadaję (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
gadaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
gada (aorist second-person singular)
gada (aorist singular third-person)
gadajǫ (first-person present singular)
gadaješi (present second-person singular)
gadajetь (present singular third-person)
gadaxově (aorist dual first-person)
gadasta (aorist dual second-person)
gadaste (aorist dual third-person)
gadajevě (dual first-person present)
gadajeta (dual present second-person)
gadajete (dual present third-person)
gadaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gadaste (aorist plural second-person)
gadašę (aorist plural third-person)
gadajemъ (first-person plural present)
gadajete (plural present second-person)
gadajǫtь (plural present third-person)
gadaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gadaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gadaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gadaji (imperative second-person singular)
gadaji (imperative singular third-person)
gadaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gadaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gadaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gadajivě (dual first-person imperative)
gadajita (dual imperative second-person)
gadaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gadaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gadaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gadajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
gadajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гадати (gadati)

Belarusian: гада́ць (hadácʹ)

Russian: гада́ть (gadátʹ)

Ukrainian: гада́ти (hadáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: гадати (gadati)

Bulgarian: гада́я (gadája)

Macedonian: гада (gada)

Slovene: gádati (tonal orthography) (rare)

West Slavic:

Czech: hádat

desctree

Old Polish: gadać
Polish: gadać
Silesian: gŏdać

Slovak: hádať

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: gadac

Slovincian: gadac

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: gadaś

Disputed. Derksen lists three hypotheses:
* From an elongated ō-grade Proto-Indo-European *gʰōd-, from root *gʰed- (“to take, to hold, to find”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *getaną (“to get, to perceive, to acquire”) (the source of English get) and akin to ne-infix presents Ancient Greek χανδάνω (khandánō, “to contain”), Latin prehendō (“to seize, to take”). Favoured by Vasmer.
* Related to synonymous *gatati, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gʷet-, *gʷed- (“to say, to speak”). If so, then akin to Proto-Germanic *kweþaną (“to say”), Sanskrit गदति (gádati) (perhaps originating from a mixture of *gat- with वदति (vádati)). Supported by Berneker, Chernykh, Seebold, who also give as cognates Lithuanian godóti (“to honor, to respect, to think, to believe”), Latvian gãdât (“to take care, to look after”) (further related to Lithuanian godẽlė (“thought, guess”), gùosti (“to care”)).
* Possibly related to Proto-Slavic *goditi (“to please”), *gaďati (“to aim, to make relation”), Lithuanian guõdas (“worth, honour”), Latvian gadît (“to happen to find”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ- (“to suit, to join, to gather”). Favoured by Sławski, Zubatý.
Given Winter's law, the last option is phonetically most preferable.


rivati

rinǫti (perfective)
Slavic (South)
rivanьje (noun-from-verb)
rivati (infinitive)
rivatъ (supine)
rivalъ (l-participle)
rivanъ (participle passive past)
rivajemъ (participle passive present)
rivavъ (active participle past)
rivaję (active participle present)
rivaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
riva (aorist second-person singular)
riva (aorist singular third-person)
rivajǫ (first-person present singular)
rivaješi (present second-person singular)
rivajetь (present singular third-person)
rivaxově (aorist dual first-person)
rivasta (aorist dual second-person)
rivaste (aorist dual third-person)
rivajevě (dual first-person present)
rivajeta (dual present second-person)
rivajete (dual present third-person)
rivaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
rivaste (aorist plural second-person)
rivašę (aorist plural third-person)
rivajemъ (first-person plural present)
rivajete (plural present second-person)
rivajǫtь (plural present third-person)
rivaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
rivaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
rivaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
rivaji (imperative second-person singular)
rivaji (imperative singular third-person)
rivaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
rivaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
rivaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
rivajivě (dual first-person imperative)
rivajita (dual imperative second-person)
rivaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
rivaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
rivaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
rivajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
rivajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ривати (rivati)

⇒ Bulgarian: изри́вам (izrívam)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ри̏вати

Latin script: rȉvati

Slovene: rívati

Derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reyH- (“to set in motion, to flow”). By surface analysis, *ri(nǫti) + *-vati.


dvigati

dvignǫti (perfective)
dviganьje (noun-from-verb)
dvigati (infinitive)
dvigatъ (supine)
dvigalъ (l-participle)
dviganъ (participle passive past)
dvižemъ (participle passive present)
dvigavъ (active participle past)
dvižę (active participle present)
dvigaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dviga (aorist second-person singular)
dviga (aorist singular third-person)
dvižǫ (first-person present singular)
dvižeši (present second-person singular)
dvižetь (present singular third-person)
dvigaxově (aorist dual first-person)
dvigasta (aorist dual second-person)
dvigaste (aorist dual third-person)
dviževě (dual first-person present)
dvižeta (dual present second-person)
dvižete (dual present third-person)
dvigaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dvigaste (aorist plural second-person)
dvigašę (aorist plural third-person)
dvižemъ (first-person plural present)
dvižete (plural present second-person)
dvižǫtь (plural present third-person)
dvigaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dvigaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dvigaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dviži (imperative second-person singular)
dviži (imperative singular third-person)
dvigaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dvigaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dvigaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dviživě (dual first-person imperative)
dvižita (dual imperative second-person)
dvigaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dvigaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dvigaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dvižimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dvižite (imperative plural second-person)
dviganьje (noun-from-verb)
dvigati (infinitive)
dvigatъ (supine)
dvigalъ (l-participle)
dviganъ (participle passive past)
dvigajemъ (participle passive present)
dvigavъ (active participle past)
dvigaję (active participle present)
dvigaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dviga (aorist second-person singular)
dviga (aorist singular third-person)
dvigajǫ (first-person present singular)
dvigaješi (present second-person singular)
dvigajetь (present singular third-person)
dvigaxově (aorist dual first-person)
dvigasta (aorist dual second-person)
dvigaste (aorist dual third-person)
dvigajevě (dual first-person present)
dvigajeta (dual present second-person)
dvigajete (dual present third-person)
dvigaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dvigaste (aorist plural second-person)
dvigašę (aorist plural third-person)
dvigajemъ (first-person plural present)
dvigajete (plural present second-person)
dvigajǫtь (plural present third-person)
dvigaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dvigaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dvigaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dvigaji (imperative second-person singular)
dvigaji (imperative singular third-person)
dvigaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dvigaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dvigaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dvigajivě (dual first-person imperative)
dvigajita (dual imperative second-person)
dvigaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dvigaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dvigaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dvigajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dvigajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: дви́гать (dvígatʹ)

Ukrainian: дви́гати (dvýhaty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: двиѕати (dvidzati)

Glagolitic script: ⰴⰲⰹⰷⰰⱅⰻ (dvidzati)

desc

Bulgarian: дигам (digam), дви́жа (dvíža)

Macedonian: дига (diga), движи (dviži)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ди̏зати

Latin script: dȉzati

Slovene: dvígati

West Slavic:

Czech: dvíhat

Kashubian: dwigac

Polish: dźwigać

Slovak: dvíhať

Slovincian: dwjigac

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: zwigaś

Church Slavonic: *двищи (*dvišti), двигомꙑ (dvigomy) (Russian) (1389)

Vasmer marks the word as unclear. According to one theory, from *d(ъ)vigъ (“branching, buttress serving as lever”), from *d(ъ)va (“2”) + *-igъ. Compare German Zweig (“branch < branching”), from Zwei (“2”).
The loss of -v- in South Slavic is secondary. For a similar phenomenon, compare Serbo-Croatian storiti (“to do, to commit”), Bulgarian сторя (storja, “to do”) < *sъtvoriti.


moriti

morìti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
mořenьje (noun-from-verb)
moriti (infinitive)
moritъ (supine)
morilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
mořenъ (participle passive past)
morimъ (participle passive present)
mořь (active participle past)
morę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
morixъ (aorist first-person singular)
mori (aorist second-person singular)
mori (aorist singular third-person)
mořǫ (first-person present singular)
moriši (present second-person singular)
moritь (present singular third-person)
morixově (aorist dual first-person)
morista (aorist dual second-person)
moriste (aorist dual third-person)
morivě (dual first-person present)
morita (dual present second-person)
morite (dual present third-person)
morixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
moriste (aorist plural second-person)
morišę (aorist plural third-person)
morimъ (first-person plural present)
morite (plural present second-person)
morętь (plural present third-person)
mořaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mořaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mořaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
mori (imperative second-person singular)
mori (imperative singular third-person)
mořaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mořaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mořaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
morivě (dual first-person imperative)
morita (dual imperative second-person)
mořaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mořaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mořaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
morimъ (first-person imperative plural)
morite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: мори́ть (morítʹ)

Ukrainian: мори́ти (morýty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: моря̀ (morjà)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мо̀рити

Latin script: mòriti

Slovene: morīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mořiti

Czech: mořit

Old Polish: morzyć

Polish: morzyć

Silesian: morzić (“to clean”)

Pomeranian:

Slovincian: môrzëc

Old Slovak: moriti

Pannonian Rusyn: мориц (moric)

Slovak: moriť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: morić

Lower Sorbian: móriś

By surface analysis, *morъ + *-iti, related to *merti (“to die”).


myti

mỳti (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
mytьje (noun-from-verb)
myti (infinitive)
mytъ (supine)
mylъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
mytъ (participle passive past)
myjemъ (participle passive present)
myvъ (active participle past)
myję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
myxъ (aorist first-person singular)
my (aorist second-person singular)
my (aorist singular third-person)
myjǫ (first-person present singular)
myješi (present second-person singular)
myjetь (present singular third-person)
myxově (aorist dual first-person)
mysta (aorist dual second-person)
myste (aorist dual third-person)
myjevě (dual first-person present)
myjeta (dual present second-person)
myjete (dual present third-person)
myxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
myste (aorist plural second-person)
myšę (aorist plural third-person)
myjemъ (first-person plural present)
myjete (plural present second-person)
myjǫtь (plural present third-person)
myjaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
myjaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
myjaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
myji (imperative second-person singular)
myji (imperative singular third-person)
myjaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
myjaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
myjaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
myjivě (dual first-person imperative)
myjita (dual imperative second-person)
myjaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
myjaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
myjaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
myjimъ (first-person imperative plural)
myjite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мꙑти (myti)

Belarusian: мыць (mycʹ)

Russian: мыть (mytʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: мыти (mŷty)

Ukrainian: ми́ти (mýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: мꙑти (myti)

Glagolitic script: ⰿⱏⰹⱅⰻ (myti)

Macedonian: мие (mie)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ми̏ти

Latin script: mȉti

Slovene: míti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: mëc

Old Czech: mýti

Czech: mýt

Polish: myć

Slovak: mуť

Slovincian: mëc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: myć

Lower Sorbian: myś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *m(a)ūˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *muH- (<*miuH-) and cognate with Lithuanian maudyti, Latvian maut, Latin moveo, and Sanskrit मीवति (mī́vati, “move, push”) according to Derksen (2008: 338) (see Proto-Indo-European *m(y)ewh₁- (“to move”)). According to Pokorny 741-743, from a Proto-Indo-European *mew- (“wet, damp, to wash”).


dumati

dumanьje (noun-from-verb)
dumati (infinitive)
dumatъ (supine)
dumalъ (l-participle)
dumanъ (participle passive past)
dumajemъ (participle passive present)
dumavъ (active participle past)
dumaję (active participle present)
dumaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
duma (aorist second-person singular)
duma (aorist singular third-person)
dumajǫ (first-person present singular)
dumaješi (present second-person singular)
dumajetь (present singular third-person)
dumaxově (aorist dual first-person)
dumasta (aorist dual second-person)
dumaste (aorist dual third-person)
dumajevě (dual first-person present)
dumajeta (dual present second-person)
dumajete (dual present third-person)
dumaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dumaste (aorist plural second-person)
dumašę (aorist plural third-person)
dumajemъ (first-person plural present)
dumajete (plural present second-person)
dumajǫtь (plural present third-person)
dumaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dumaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dumaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dumaji (imperative second-person singular)
dumaji (imperative singular third-person)
dumaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dumaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dumaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dumajivě (dual first-person imperative)
dumajita (dual imperative second-person)
dumaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dumaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dumaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dumajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dumajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: думати (dumati)

Belarusian: ду́маць (dúmacʹ)

Russian: ду́мать (dúmatʹ)

Ukrainian: ду́мати (dúmaty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ду́мам (dúmam, “I say”)

Macedonian: дума (duma) (archaic)

Serbo-Croatian:

desc

Cyrillic script: ду̏мати (“to think, to dream (of)”)

Latin script: dȕmati (“to think, to dream (of)”)

West Slavic:

Czech: dumat (“to muse”)

Polish: dumać (“to muse, to ponder”)

→ Latvian: domāt (“to think, to suppose”)

Origin disputed, theory of Germanic borrowing is not confirmed and heavily contested.
Either from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”), akin to Proto-Slavic *duti (“to blow, to inflate”), *dymъ (“smoke”) or
a loan from a reflex of Proto-Germanic *dōmijaną (“to judge, think”), or derived from *duma, nonetheless from Germanic. The exact donor language cannot be ascertained.


xapati

xāpàti (canonical imperfective)
xapnǫti (perfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
xapanьje (noun-from-verb)
xapati (infinitive)
xapatъ (supine)
xapalъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
xapanъ (participle passive past)
xapľemъ (participle passive present)
xapavъ (active participle past)
xapľę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
xapaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
xapa (aorist second-person singular)
xapa (aorist singular third-person)
xapľǫ (first-person present singular)
xapľeši (present second-person singular)
xapľetь (present singular third-person)
xapaxově (aorist dual first-person)
xapasta (aorist dual second-person)
xapaste (aorist dual third-person)
xapľevě (dual first-person present)
xapľeta (dual present second-person)
xapľete (dual present third-person)
xapaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
xapaste (aorist plural second-person)
xapašę (aorist plural third-person)
xapľemъ (first-person plural present)
xapľete (plural present second-person)
xapľǫtь (plural present third-person)
xapaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
xapaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
xapaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
xapľi (imperative second-person singular)
xapľi (imperative singular third-person)
xapaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
xapaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
xapaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
xapľivě (dual first-person imperative)
xapľita (dual imperative second-person)
xapaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
xapaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
xapaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
xapľimъ (first-person imperative plural)
xapľite (imperative plural second-person)
b (accent-paradigm)
xapanьje (noun-from-verb)
xapati (infinitive)
xapatъ (supine)
xapalъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
xapanъ (participle passive past)
xapajemъ (participle passive present)
xapavъ (active participle past)
xapaję (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
xapaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
xapa (aorist second-person singular)
xapa (aorist singular third-person)
xapajǫ (first-person present singular)
xapaješi (present second-person singular)
xapajetь (present singular third-person)
xapaxově (aorist dual first-person)
xapasta (aorist dual second-person)
xapaste (aorist dual third-person)
xapajevě (dual first-person present)
xapajeta (dual present second-person)
xapajete (dual present third-person)
xapaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
xapaste (aorist plural second-person)
xapašę (aorist plural third-person)
xapajemъ (first-person plural present)
xapajete (plural present second-person)
xapajǫtь (plural present third-person)
xapaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
xapaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
xapaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
xapaji (imperative second-person singular)
xapaji (imperative singular third-person)
xapaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
xapaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
xapaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
xapajivě (dual first-person imperative)
xapajita (dual imperative second-person)
xapaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
xapaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
xapaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
xapajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
xapajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: хапати (xapati, “to seize, to bite, to sting, to trample”) (11th century; accent paradigm b)

Belarusian: хапа́ць (xapácʹ, “to grab”)

Russian: ха́пать (xápatʹ, “to seize, to grab”)

Ukrainian: хапа́ти (xapáty, “to seize, to steal, to grab”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: хапати (xapati, “to bite”), хапьѭще (xapĭjǫšte, “(while) biting”, nom. masc. pl. pres. act. part.)

Bulgarian: ха́пя (hápja, “to bite”)

Macedonian: апе (ape, “to bite”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: апати (“to bite, to sting”) (dialectal)

Latin script: apati (“to bite, to sting”) (dialectal)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: hȃpati (“to snap, (reflexive) to seize”) (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desc

Czech: chápat (“to grasp, to understand, to seize”)

desctree

Polish: chapać (“to seize”)
→ Yiddish: כאַפּן (khapn)

Slovak: сháраť (“to understand”)

Slovincian: chapac (“to seize”)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: chapjaś

Onomatopoeic. Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *kʰap-, but it is nowadays reconstructed as *keh₂p- and would therefore be a separate onomatopoeia.
Morphologically, could be an intensive form of Proto-Slavic *xopiti (“to grab”) (with enlonged grade) + *-jeti.

to seize, to snatch, to snap (in West, East Slavic; Slovene)


gъdьliti

gъdьľenьje (noun-from-verb)
gъdьliti (infinitive)
gъdьlitъ (supine)
gъdьlilъ (l-participle)
gъdьľenъ (participle passive past)
gъdьlimъ (participle passive present)
gъdьľь (active participle past)
gъdьlę (active participle present)
gъdьlixъ (aorist first-person singular)
gъdьli (aorist second-person singular)
gъdьli (aorist singular third-person)
gъdьľǫ (first-person present singular)
gъdьliši (present second-person singular)
gъdьlitь (present singular third-person)
gъdьlixově (aorist dual first-person)
gъdьlista (aorist dual second-person)
gъdьliste (aorist dual third-person)
gъdьlivě (dual first-person present)
gъdьlita (dual present second-person)
gъdьlite (dual present third-person)
gъdьlixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gъdьliste (aorist plural second-person)
gъdьlišę (aorist plural third-person)
gъdьlimъ (first-person plural present)
gъdьlite (plural present second-person)
gъdьlętь (plural present third-person)
gъdьľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gъdьľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gъdьľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gъdьli (imperative second-person singular)
gъdьli (imperative singular third-person)
gъdьľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gъdьľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gъdьľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gъdьlivě (dual first-person imperative)
gъdьlita (dual imperative second-person)
gъdьľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gъdьľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gъdьľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gъdьlimъ (first-person imperative plural)
gъdьlite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: гъделичкам (gǎdeličkam)

West Slavic:

Polish: gidlić

From *gъdьlъ + *-iti, supposed to be from Proto-Indo-European *geyd- (“to sting, to tickle”).


perdati

perdanьje (noun-from-verb)
perdati (infinitive)
perdatъ (supine)
perdalъ (l-participle)
perdanъ (participle passive past)
perdavъ (active participle past)
perdady (active participle present)
perdaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
perda (aorist second-person singular)
perdastъ (aorist second-person singular)
perda (aorist singular third-person)
perdastъ (aorist singular third-person)
perdamь (first-person present singular)
perdasi (present second-person singular)
perdastь (present singular third-person)
perdaxově (aorist dual first-person)
perdasta (aorist dual second-person)
perdaste (aorist dual third-person)
perdavě (dual first-person present)
perdasta (dual present second-person)
perdaste (dual present third-person)
perdaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
perdaste (aorist plural second-person)
perdašę (aorist plural third-person)
perdamъ (first-person plural present)
perdaste (plural present second-person)
perdadętь (plural present third-person)
perdaděaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
perdaděaše (imperfect second-person singular)
perdaděaše (imperfect singular third-person)
perdaďь (imperative second-person singular)
perdaďь (imperative singular third-person)
perdaděaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
perdaděašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
perdaděašete (dual imperfect third-person)
perdadivě (dual first-person imperative)
perdadita (dual imperative second-person)
perdaděaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
perdaděašete (imperfect plural second-person)
perdaděaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
perdadimъ (first-person imperative plural)
perdadite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: передати (peredati)

Old Ruthenian: переда́ти (peredáti)

Belarusian: перада́ць (pjeradácʹ)

Ukrainian: переда́ти (peredáty)

Russian: переда́ть (peredátʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: прѣдати (prědati)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⱃⱑⰴⰰⱅⰻ (prědati)

Bulgarian: преда́м (predám)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: прѐдати

Latin script: prèdati

West Slavic:

Old Czech: přědati

Czech: předat

Old Polish: przedać (partially)

Polish: sprzedać

Slovak: predať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: předać

Lower Sorbian: pśedaś

From *per- (“over, through”) + *dati (“to give”).

prefix

be:Аляксандр Мікалаевіч Булыка
ru:Варбот, Жанна Жановна


vьrěti

vьrě̀ti (canonical imperfective)
vьrěnьje (noun-from-verb)
vьrěti (infinitive)
vьrětъ (supine)
vьrělъ (l-participle)
vьrěvъ (active participle past)
vьrę (active participle present)
vьrěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
vьrě (aorist second-person singular)
vьrě (aorist singular third-person)
vьřǫ (first-person present singular)
vьriši (present second-person singular)
vьritь (present singular third-person)
vьrěxově (aorist dual first-person)
vьrěsta (aorist dual second-person)
vьrěste (aorist dual third-person)
vьrivě (dual first-person present)
vьrita (dual present second-person)
vьrite (dual present third-person)
vьrěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vьrěste (aorist plural second-person)
vьrěšę (aorist plural third-person)
vьrimъ (first-person plural present)
vьrite (plural present second-person)
vьrętь (plural present third-person)
vьrěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vьrěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vьrěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vьri (imperative second-person singular)
vьri (imperative singular third-person)
vьrěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vьrěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vьrěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vьrivě (dual first-person imperative)
vьrita (dual imperative second-person)
vьrěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vьrěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vьrěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vьrimъ (first-person imperative plural)
vьrite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вьрѣти (vĭrěti)

Old Ruthenian: врѣти (vrěti)

Belarusian: врэць (vrecʹ)

Ukrainian: вріти (vrity)

Russian: вреть (vretʹ) (dated)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: вьрѣти (vĭrěti)

Glagolitic: ⰲⱐⱃⱑⱅⰹ (vĭrěti)

Bulgarian: вря (vrja)

Macedonian: врие (vrie)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: вре̏ти

Latin script: vrȅti

Slovene: vrẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vřieti

Czech: vřít

Old Polish: wrzeć

Polish: wrzeć

Silesian: wreć

Slovak: vrieť

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wirˀ(ē)tei, from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥- (“to burn”) (Černyx) or *wr̥H- (Derksen).
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian vìrti (“to boil”) (3sg. vérda), Latvian vir̂t (“to boil”) (3sg. vęr̂d).
Indo-European cognates include
Hittite [script needed] (urāni, “burns”)


něti

nětьje (noun-from-verb)
něti (infinitive)
nětъ (supine)
nělъ (l-participle)
nětъ (participle passive past)
nějemъ (participle passive present)
něvъ (active participle past)
něję (active participle present)
něxъ (aorist first-person singular)
ně (aorist second-person singular)
ně (aorist singular third-person)
nějǫ (first-person present singular)
něješi (present second-person singular)
nějetь (present singular third-person)
něxově (aorist dual first-person)
něsta (aorist dual second-person)
něste (aorist dual third-person)
nějevě (dual first-person present)
nějeta (dual present second-person)
nějete (dual present third-person)
něxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
něste (aorist plural second-person)
něšę (aorist plural third-person)
nějemъ (first-person plural present)
nějete (plural present second-person)
nějǫtь (plural present third-person)
něaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
něaše (imperfect second-person singular)
něaše (imperfect singular third-person)
něji (imperative second-person singular)
něji (imperative singular third-person)
něaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
něašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
něašete (dual imperfect third-person)
nějivě (dual first-person imperative)
nějita (dual imperative second-person)
něaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
něašete (imperfect plural second-person)
něaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
nějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
nějite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: нијети

Latin script: nijeti, net

Cognate with Sanskrit नयति (náyati, “to lead”), Avestan 𐬥𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (naiieⁱti, “to bring, lead”), Old Persian 𐎠𐎴𐎹 (a-n-y /anaya/, “he was leading, bringing”), Middle Persian [script needed] (nītan, “to lead, drive”), Hittite 𒈾𒄿𒉈 (nāine, “to guide”).


trimati

trimanьje (noun-from-verb)
trimati (infinitive)
trimatъ (supine)
trimalъ (l-participle)
trimanъ (participle passive past)
trimajemъ (participle passive present)
trimavъ (active participle past)
trimaję (active participle present)
trimaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
trima (aorist second-person singular)
trima (aorist singular third-person)
trimajǫ (first-person present singular)
trimaješi (present second-person singular)
trimajetь (present singular third-person)
trimaxově (aorist dual first-person)
trimasta (aorist dual second-person)
trimaste (aorist dual third-person)
trimajevě (dual first-person present)
trimajeta (dual present second-person)
trimajete (dual present third-person)
trimaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
trimaste (aorist plural second-person)
trimašę (aorist plural third-person)
trimajemъ (first-person plural present)
trimajete (plural present second-person)
trimajǫtь (plural present third-person)
trimaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
trimaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
trimaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
trimaji (imperative second-person singular)
trimaji (imperative singular third-person)
trimaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
trimaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
trimaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
trimajivě (dual first-person imperative)
trimajita (dual imperative second-person)
trimaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
trimaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
trimaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
trimajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
trimajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Slovene: tŕmati

West Slavic:

desctree

Old Polish: trzymać
Polish: trzymać
→ Czech: třímat
Silesian: trzimać
→ Old Ruthenian: тримати (trimati), тримать (trimatʹ), трымати (trymati)
Belarusian: трыма́ць (trymácʹ)
Carpathian Rusyn: три́мати (trýmaty)
Ukrainian: трима́ти (trymáty)

Old Slovak: *trímať

Slovak: trímať

Pannonian Rusyn: тримац (trimac)

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: trzëmac

Slovincian: trzëmac


jьzmьlsti

jьzmьlzenьje (noun-from-verb)
jьzmьlsti (infinitive)
jьzmьlstъ (supine)
jьzmьlzlъ (l-participle)
jьzmьlzenъ (participle passive past)
jьzmьlzъ (active participle past)
jьzmьlzъ (aorist first-person singular)
jьzmьlzoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
jьzmьlze (aorist second-person singular)
jьzmьlze (aorist singular third-person)
jьzmьlzǫ (first-person present singular)
jьzmьlzeši (present second-person singular)
jьzmьlzetь (present singular third-person)
jьzmьlzově (aorist dual first-person)
jьzmьlzoxově (aorist dual first-person)
jьzmьlzeta (aorist dual second-person)
jьzmьlzosta (aorist dual second-person)
jьzmьlzete (aorist dual third-person)
jьzmьlzoste (aorist dual third-person)
jьzmьlzevě (dual first-person present)
jьzmьlzeta (dual present second-person)
jьzmьlzete (dual present third-person)
jьzmьlzomъ (aorist first-person plural)
jьzmьlzoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
jьzmьlzete (aorist plural second-person)
jьzmьlzoste (aorist plural second-person)
jьzmьlzǫ (aorist plural third-person)
jьzmьlzošę (aorist plural third-person)
jьzmьlzemъ (first-person plural present)
jьzmьlzete (plural present second-person)
jьzmьlzǫtь (plural present third-person)
jьzmьlzi (imperative second-person singular)
jьzmьlzi (imperative singular third-person)
jьzmьlzěvě (dual first-person imperative)
jьzmьlzěta (dual imperative second-person)
jьzmьlzěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
jьzmьlzěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: измълсти (izmŭlsti)

South Slavic:

Church Slavonic: измълсти (izmŭlsti)

desc

Bulgarian: измълзе́м (izmǎlzém) (dialectal)

Macedonian: измолзе (izmolze)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ѝзмӯсти

Latin script: ìzmūsti

Slovene: izmólsti (tonal orthography)

From *jьz- + *mьlsti. Compare parallel Lithuanian išmélžti (“to milk out”), Latin ēmulgeō (“I milk out”).


pǫditi

pǫďenьje (noun-from-verb)
pǫditi (infinitive)
pǫditъ (supine)
pǫdilъ (l-participle)
pǫďenъ (participle passive past)
pǫdimъ (participle passive present)
pǫďь (active participle past)
pǫdę (active participle present)
pǫdixъ (aorist first-person singular)
pǫdi (aorist second-person singular)
pǫdi (aorist singular third-person)
pǫďǫ (first-person present singular)
pǫdiši (present second-person singular)
pǫditь (present singular third-person)
pǫdixově (aorist dual first-person)
pǫdista (aorist dual second-person)
pǫdiste (aorist dual third-person)
pǫdivě (dual first-person present)
pǫdita (dual present second-person)
pǫdite (dual present third-person)
pǫdixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pǫdiste (aorist plural second-person)
pǫdišę (aorist plural third-person)
pǫdimъ (first-person plural present)
pǫdite (plural present second-person)
pǫdętь (plural present third-person)
pǫďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pǫďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pǫďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pǫdi (imperative second-person singular)
pǫdi (imperative singular third-person)
pǫďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pǫďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pǫďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pǫdivě (dual first-person imperative)
pǫdita (dual imperative second-person)
pǫďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pǫďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pǫďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pǫdimъ (first-person imperative plural)
pǫdite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: пꙋдити (puditi)

Belarusian: пу́дзіць (púdzicʹ)

Russian: пу́дить (púditʹ), пуди́ть (pudítʹ, “to scare, to chase”), пужать, пугать

Ukrainian: пу́дити (púdyty), 1sg. пу́джу (púdžu)

South Slavic:

Middle Bulgarian: пѫдити (pǫditi, “to push, to chase”) (14th century)

Bulgarian: пъ́дя (pǎ́dja)

Macedonian: пади (padi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пу́дити (“to chase”)

Latin script: púditi (“to chase”)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: podíti (“to chase”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. podím (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: pudit (“to induce, to impel”)

Polish: pędzić (“to chase”)

Slovak: pudiť

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pond-éye-ti, causative/iterative from *(s)pend- (“to stretch”). Cognate with Lithuanian spándyti (“to stretch”), German spannen (“to stretch”), Lithuanian spą́stas (“traps”), spę́sti (“to set traps”) (1sg. spéndžiu), Latvian spôsts (“trap, snare”).


běžati

běžàti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
běžanьje (noun-from-verb)
běžati (infinitive)
běžatъ (supine)
běžalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
běžanъ (participle passive past)
běžimъ (participle passive present)
běžavъ (active participle past)
běžę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
běžaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
běža (aorist second-person singular)
běža (aorist singular third-person)
běžǫ (first-person present singular)
běžiši (present second-person singular)
běžitь (present singular third-person)
běžaxově (aorist dual first-person)
běžasta (aorist dual second-person)
běžaste (aorist dual third-person)
běživě (dual first-person present)
běžita (dual present second-person)
běžite (dual present third-person)
běžaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
běžaste (aorist plural second-person)
běžašę (aorist plural third-person)
běžimъ (first-person plural present)
běžite (plural present second-person)
běžętь (plural present third-person)
běžaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
běžaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
běžaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
běži (imperative second-person singular)
běži (imperative singular third-person)
běžaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
běžaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
běžaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
běživě (dual first-person imperative)
běžita (dual imperative second-person)
běžaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
běžaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
běžaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
běžimъ (first-person imperative plural)
běžite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: бежа́ть (bežátʹ)

Old Novgorodian: бѣжати (běžati)

Carpathian Rusyn: бігти (bihty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: бѣжати (běžati)

Glagolitic: ⰱⱑⰶⰰⱅⰹ (běžati)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бјѐжати, бѐжати

Latin script: bjèžati, bèžati

Chakavian: bižȁti, bežāt

Slovene: bẹ́žati, bežáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: běžet

Kashubian: bieżec

Polabian: bezăt

Polish: bieżeć (archaic)

Slovak: bežať

Slovincian: bjêżec

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: băjenie

>? Proto-Finnic: *pästäk

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *bēˀgjā́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰégʷ-y-eh₂-ti (innovative denominative present), from *bʰegʷ- (“to flee, run”).