žaliti

žalovati (perfective)
žaľenьje (noun-from-verb)
žaliti (infinitive)
žalitъ (supine)
žalilъ (l-participle)
žaľenъ (participle passive past)
žalimъ (participle passive present)
žaľь (active participle past)
žalę (active participle present)
žalixъ (aorist first-person singular)
žali (aorist second-person singular)
žali (aorist singular third-person)
žaľǫ (first-person present singular)
žališi (present second-person singular)
žalitь (present singular third-person)
žalixově (aorist dual first-person)
žalista (aorist dual second-person)
žaliste (aorist dual third-person)
žalivě (dual first-person present)
žalita (dual present second-person)
žalite (dual present third-person)
žalixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
žaliste (aorist plural second-person)
žališę (aorist plural third-person)
žalimъ (first-person plural present)
žalite (plural present second-person)
žalętь (plural present third-person)
žaľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
žaľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
žaľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
žali (imperative second-person singular)
žali (imperative singular third-person)
žaľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
žaľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
žaľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
žalivě (dual first-person imperative)
žalita (dual imperative second-person)
žaľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
žaľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
žaľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
žalimъ (first-person imperative plural)
žalite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: жалити (žaliti)

Bulgarian: жаля (žalja)

Macedonian: жали (žali)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жа̏лити

Latin script: žȁliti

Slovene: žalīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Polish: żalić

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: jeli

From an earlier žěliti, an intensive variant of Proto-Slavic *želěti. Formed as *žalь (“grief, sorrow”) + *-iti, continuing pre-Slavic *gʷēlH- + *-yéti.

peržaliti

to get over (s.t.), to recover (from loss)


milovati

milovanьje (noun-from-verb)
milovati (infinitive)
milovatъ (supine)
milovalъ (l-participle)
milovanъ (participle passive past)
milujemъ (participle passive present)
milovavъ (active participle past)
miluję (active participle present)
milovaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
milova (aorist second-person singular)
milova (aorist singular third-person)
milujǫ (first-person present singular)
miluješi (present second-person singular)
milujetь (present singular third-person)
milovaxově (aorist dual first-person)
milovasta (aorist dual second-person)
milovaste (aorist dual third-person)
milujevě (dual first-person present)
milujeta (dual present second-person)
milujete (dual present third-person)
milovaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
milovaste (aorist plural second-person)
milovašę (aorist plural third-person)
milujemъ (first-person plural present)
milujete (plural present second-person)
milujǫtь (plural present third-person)
milovaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
milovaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
milovaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
miluji (imperative second-person singular)
miluji (imperative singular third-person)
milovaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
milovaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
milovaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
milujivě (dual first-person imperative)
milujita (dual imperative second-person)
milovaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
milovaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
milovaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
milujimъ (first-person imperative plural)
milujite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: миловати (milovati)

Old Ruthenian: миловати (milovati)

Belarusian: мі́лаваць (mílavacʹ)

Ukrainian: милува́ти (myluváty)

desc

Russian: ми́ловать (mílovatʹ), милова́ть (milovátʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: миловати (milovati)

Glagolitic script: ⰿⰻⰾⱁⰲⰰⱅⰻ (milovati)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ми̏ловати

Latin script: mȉlovati

Slovene: milováti

West Slavic:

Old Czech: milovati

Czech: milovat

Kashubian: miłowac

Old Polish: miłować

Polish: miłować

Silesian: miyłować

Slovak: milovať


gaditi

gàditi (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
gaďenьje (noun-from-verb)
gaditi (infinitive)
gaditъ (supine)
gadilъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
gaďenъ (participle passive past)
gadimъ (participle passive present)
gaďь (active participle past)
gadę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
gadixъ (aorist first-person singular)
gadi (aorist second-person singular)
gadi (aorist singular third-person)
gaďǫ (first-person present singular)
gadiši (present second-person singular)
gaditь (present singular third-person)
gadixově (aorist dual first-person)
gadista (aorist dual second-person)
gadiste (aorist dual third-person)
gadivě (dual first-person present)
gadita (dual present second-person)
gadite (dual present third-person)
gadixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gadiste (aorist plural second-person)
gadišę (aorist plural third-person)
gadimъ (first-person plural present)
gadite (plural present second-person)
gadętь (plural present third-person)
gaďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gaďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gaďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gadi (imperative second-person singular)
gadi (imperative singular third-person)
gaďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gaďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gaďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gadivě (dual first-person imperative)
gadita (dual imperative second-person)
gaďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gaďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gaďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gadimъ (first-person imperative plural)
gadite (imperative plural second-person)

Church Slavonic: гадити (gaditi)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гадити (gaditi) (12th century)

Belarusian: га́дзіць (hádzicʹ)

Russian: га́дить (gáditʹ)

Ukrainian: га́дити (hádyty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: га́дя (gádja)

Macedonian: гади (gadi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: га̏дити

Latin script: gȁditi

Slovene: gáditi (tonal orthography) (obsolete)

West Slavic:

Czech: hadit

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: gaźiś (archaic)

From *gadъ, *gadь + *-iti, likely from *gʷeh₁dʰ- (“to defile”).


diviti

divìti (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
divľenьje (noun-from-verb)
diviti (infinitive)
divitъ (supine)
divilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
divľenъ (participle passive past)
divimъ (participle passive present)
divľь (active participle past)
divę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
divixъ (aorist first-person singular)
divi (aorist second-person singular)
divi (aorist singular third-person)
divľǫ (first-person present singular)
diviši (present second-person singular)
divitь (present singular third-person)
divixově (aorist dual first-person)
divista (aorist dual second-person)
diviste (aorist dual third-person)
divivě (dual first-person present)
divita (dual present second-person)
divite (dual present third-person)
divixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
diviste (aorist plural second-person)
divišę (aorist plural third-person)
divimъ (first-person plural present)
divite (plural present second-person)
divętь (plural present third-person)
divľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
divľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
divľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
divi (imperative second-person singular)
divi (imperative singular third-person)
divľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
divľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
divľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
divivě (dual first-person imperative)
divita (dual imperative second-person)
divľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
divľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
divľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
divimъ (first-person imperative plural)
divite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: диви́ться (divítʹsja)

Ukrainian: диви́тися (dyvýtysja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: дивити (diviti)

Glagolitic script: ⰴⰻⰲⰻⱅⰻ (diviti)

Bulgarian: дивя́ се (divjá se)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дѝвити

Latin script: díviti

West Slavic:

Czech: divit

Polish: dziwić

Slovak: diviť sa

Derived from Proto-Indo-European *dyew- (“to be bright”). Cognates include Sanskrit दीव्यति (dīvyati). For meaning shift cf. *ględati (“to watch”) from Proto-Indo-European *gʰlend- (“to shine”).


sušiti

sušìti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
sušenьje (noun-from-verb)
sušiti (infinitive)
sušitъ (supine)
sušilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
sušenъ (participle passive past)
sušimъ (participle passive present)
sušь (active participle past)
sušę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
sušixъ (aorist first-person singular)
suši (aorist second-person singular)
suši (aorist singular third-person)
sušǫ (first-person present singular)
sušiši (present second-person singular)
sušitь (present singular third-person)
sušixově (aorist dual first-person)
sušista (aorist dual second-person)
sušiste (aorist dual third-person)
sušivě (dual first-person present)
sušita (dual present second-person)
sušite (dual present third-person)
sušixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sušiste (aorist plural second-person)
sušišę (aorist plural third-person)
sušimъ (first-person plural present)
sušite (plural present second-person)
sušętь (plural present third-person)
sušaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sušaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sušaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
suši (imperative second-person singular)
suši (imperative singular third-person)
sušaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sušaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sušaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sušivě (dual first-person imperative)
sušita (dual imperative second-person)
sušaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sušaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sušaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sušimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sušite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сꙋшити (sušiti)

Belarusian: сушы́ць (sušýcʹ)

Russian: суши́ть (sušítʹ, “to dry”), 1sg. сушу́ (sušú), 3sg. су́шит (súšit)

Ukrainian: суши́ти (sušýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: соушити (sušiti)

Glagolitic: ⱄⱆⱎⰻⱅⰻ (sušiti)

Bulgarian: суша́ (sušá)

Macedonian: суши (suši)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: су́шити

Latin script: súšiti

Slovene: sušíti (tonal orthography), 1sg. suším (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: sëszëc

Old Czech: sušiti

Czech: sušit

Old Polish: suszyć

Polish: suszyć

Silesian: suszyć

Slovak: sušiť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: sušić

Lower Sorbian: sušyś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *saušīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂sows-éye-ti, a causative/iterative formation built on Proto-Indo-European *h₂sews- (“to be dry”) (also reconstructed as *sh₂ews-).
Equivalent to *suxъ (“dry”) + *-iti.
Cognate with Lithuanian saũsinti (“to dry (transitive)”), saũsti (“to wither”), sùsti (“to scab over”) (1sg. susù), saũsas (“dry”), Latvian sust (“to dry (intransitive)”) (1sg. susu), susêt (“to wither”) (1sg. susu, susẽju), sàuss (“dry”), Old Prussian sausā (“dry”, fem. acc. sg.), Sanskrit शोषयति (śoṣáyati, “to let dry”), शुष्क (śúṣka, “dry, barren”), Avestan 𐬵𐬎𐬱𐬐𐬀 (huška, “dry”), Homeric Ancient Greek αὖος (aûos, “dry”), Old English sēar (“dry”), English sere, sear.


jěbati

jěbàti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
jěbanьje (noun-from-verb)
jěbati (infinitive)
jěbatъ (supine)
jěbalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
jěbanъ (participle passive past)
jěbomъ (participle passive present)
jěbavъ (active participle past)
jěby (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
jěbaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
jěba (aorist second-person singular)
jěba (aorist singular third-person)
jěbǫ (first-person present singular)
jěbeši (present second-person singular)
jěbetь (present singular third-person)
jěbaxově (aorist dual first-person)
jěbasta (aorist dual second-person)
jěbaste (aorist dual third-person)
jěbevě (dual first-person present)
jěbeta (dual present second-person)
jěbete (dual present third-person)
jěbaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
jěbaste (aorist plural second-person)
jěbašę (aorist plural third-person)
jěbemъ (first-person plural present)
jěbete (plural present second-person)
jěbǫtь (plural present third-person)
jěbaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
jěbaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
jěbaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
jěbi (imperative second-person singular)
jěbi (imperative singular third-person)
jěbaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
jěbaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
jěbaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
jěběvě (dual first-person imperative)
jěběta (dual imperative second-person)
jěbaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
jěbaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
jěbaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
jěběmъ (first-person imperative plural)
jěběte (imperative plural second-person)

Alternative reconstruction of *jebàti (“to copulate; to fuck”)


raniti

raňenьje (noun-from-verb)
raniti (infinitive)
ranitъ (supine)
ranilъ (l-participle)
raňenъ (participle passive past)
ranimъ (participle passive present)
raňь (active participle past)
ranę (active participle present)
ranixъ (aorist first-person singular)
rani (aorist second-person singular)
rani (aorist singular third-person)
raňǫ (first-person present singular)
raniši (present second-person singular)
ranitь (present singular third-person)
ranixově (aorist dual first-person)
ranista (aorist dual second-person)
raniste (aorist dual third-person)
ranivě (dual first-person present)
ranita (dual present second-person)
ranite (dual present third-person)
ranixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
raniste (aorist plural second-person)
ranišę (aorist plural third-person)
ranimъ (first-person plural present)
ranite (plural present second-person)
ranętь (plural present third-person)
raňaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
raňaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
raňaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
rani (imperative second-person singular)
rani (imperative singular third-person)
raňaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
raňaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
raňaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
ranivě (dual first-person imperative)
ranita (dual imperative second-person)
raňaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
raňaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
raňaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
ranimъ (first-person imperative plural)
ranite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ранити (raniti)

Old Ruthenian: ра́нити (rániti)

Belarusian: ра́ніць (ránicʹ)

Ukrainian: ра́нити (rányty)

Russian: ра́нить (ránitʹ)

South Slavic

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: ранити (raniti)

Bulgarian: раня́ (ranjá)

Macedonian: рани (rani)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ра̏нити

Latin script: rȁniti

Slovene: raníti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic

Czech: ranit

Kashubian: renic

Old Polish: ranić

Polish: ranić

Slovak: raniť

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: răni


miriti

miřenьje (noun-from-verb)
miriti (infinitive)
miritъ (supine)
mirilъ (l-participle)
miřenъ (participle passive past)
mirimъ (participle passive present)
miřь (active participle past)
mirę (active participle present)
mirixъ (aorist first-person singular)
miri (aorist second-person singular)
miri (aorist singular third-person)
miřǫ (first-person present singular)
miriši (present second-person singular)
miritь (present singular third-person)
mirixově (aorist dual first-person)
mirista (aorist dual second-person)
miriste (aorist dual third-person)
mirivě (dual first-person present)
mirita (dual present second-person)
mirite (dual present third-person)
mirixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
miriste (aorist plural second-person)
mirišę (aorist plural third-person)
mirimъ (first-person plural present)
mirite (plural present second-person)
mirętь (plural present third-person)
miřaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
miřaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
miřaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
miri (imperative second-person singular)
miri (imperative singular third-person)
miřaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
miřaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
miřaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mirivě (dual first-person imperative)
mirita (dual imperative second-person)
miřaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
miřaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
miřaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mirimъ (first-person imperative plural)
mirite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мирити (miriti)

Belarusian: міры́ць (mirýcʹ)

Russian: мири́ть (mirítʹ)

Ukrainian: мири́ти (myrýty)

South Slavic

Bulgarian: миря̀ (mirjà)

Macedonian: мири (miri)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ми́рити

Latin script: míriti

Slovene: miríti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic

Old Czech: miřiti

Old Polish: mirzyć

Slovak: mieriť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: měrić


variti

varìti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
vařenьje (noun-from-verb)
variti (infinitive)
varitъ (supine)
varilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
vařenъ (participle passive past)
varimъ (participle passive present)
vařь (active participle past)
varę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
varixъ (aorist first-person singular)
vari (aorist second-person singular)
vari (aorist singular third-person)
vařǫ (first-person present singular)
variši (present second-person singular)
varitь (present singular third-person)
varixově (aorist dual first-person)
varista (aorist dual second-person)
variste (aorist dual third-person)
varivě (dual first-person present)
varita (dual present second-person)
varite (dual present third-person)
varixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
variste (aorist plural second-person)
varišę (aorist plural third-person)
varimъ (first-person plural present)
varite (plural present second-person)
varętь (plural present third-person)
vařaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vařaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vařaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vari (imperative second-person singular)
vari (imperative singular third-person)
vařaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vařaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vařaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
varivě (dual first-person imperative)
varita (dual imperative second-person)
vařaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vařaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vařaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
varimъ (first-person imperative plural)
varite (imperative plural second-person)
c (accent-paradigm)
vařenьje (noun-from-verb)
variti (infinitive)
varitъ (supine)
varilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
vařenъ (participle passive past)
varimъ (participle passive present)
vařь (active participle past)
varę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
varixъ (aorist first-person singular)
vari (aorist second-person singular)
vari (aorist singular third-person)
vařǫ (first-person present singular)
variši (present second-person singular)
varitь (present singular third-person)
varixově (aorist dual first-person)
varista (aorist dual second-person)
variste (aorist dual third-person)
varivě (dual first-person present)
varita (dual present second-person)
varite (dual present third-person)
varixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
variste (aorist plural second-person)
varišę (aorist plural third-person)
varimъ (first-person plural present)
varite (plural present second-person)
varętь (plural present third-person)
vařaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vařaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vařaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vari (imperative second-person singular)
vari (imperative singular third-person)
vařaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vařaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vařaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
varivě (dual first-person imperative)
varita (dual imperative second-person)
vařaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vařaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vařaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
varimъ (first-person imperative plural)
varite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: варити (variti)

Belarusian: вары́ць (varýcʹ)

Russian: вари́ть (varítʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: вари́ти (varýty)

Ukrainian: вари́ти (varýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: варити (variti)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⰰⱃⰹⱅⰹ (variti)

Bulgarian: варя́ (varjá)

Macedonian: вари (vari)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ва́рити

Latin script: váriti

Slovene: váriti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vařiti

Czech: vařit

Old Polish: warzyć

Polish: warzyć

Silesian: warzić

Slovak: variť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: warić

Lower Sorbian: wariś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wārīˀtei / *wōrīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *wōr- (“to burn”) (Černyx), *werH- (Snoj) or *werh₁- (Derksen). Cognate with Latvian vārīt.
Compare also Old Armenian վառել (vaṙel), English warm.


variti

c (accent-paradigm)
vařenьje (noun-from-verb)
variti (infinitive)
varitъ (supine)
varilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
vařenъ (participle passive past)
varimъ (participle passive present)
vařь (active participle past)
varę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
varixъ (aorist first-person singular)
vari (aorist second-person singular)
vari (aorist singular third-person)
vařǫ (first-person present singular)
variši (present second-person singular)
varitь (present singular third-person)
varixově (aorist dual first-person)
varista (aorist dual second-person)
variste (aorist dual third-person)
varivě (dual first-person present)
varita (dual present second-person)
varite (dual present third-person)
varixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
variste (aorist plural second-person)
varišę (aorist plural third-person)
varimъ (first-person plural present)
varite (plural present second-person)
varętь (plural present third-person)
vařaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vařaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vařaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vari (imperative second-person singular)
vari (imperative singular third-person)
vařaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vařaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vařaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
varivě (dual first-person imperative)
varita (dual imperative second-person)
vařaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vařaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vařaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
varimъ (first-person imperative plural)
varite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: варити (variti), варяти (varjati)

Russian: варять (varjatʹ), предвари́ть (predvarítʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: варити (variti, “to haste”), прѣдъварити (prědŭvariti, “to anticipate”)

Bulgarian: ва́ря (várja, “to compete”) (only reflexive), ва́ркам (várkam, “to haste, to rush”) (dialectal)

⇒ Bulgarian: изпрева́ря (izprevárja), надпрева́ря (nadprevárja), сва́ря (svárja), зава́ря (zavárja, “to encounter”)

Macedonian: -вари (-vari)

Macedonian: превари (prevari, “to swindle”), завари (zavari, “to encounter”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ва̏рати (“to cheat, to swindle”), прѐварити (“to swindle”)

Latin script: vȁrati (“to cheat, to swindle”), prèvariti (“to swindle”)

West Slavic:

Czech: vařiti (dialectal)

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to cover, to envelop”), cognate with Sanskrit वारयति (vārayati, “to conceal, to capture, to prohibit”) and akin to Lithuanian varýti (“to chase”), Sanskrit वरते (varate, “to surround, to keep back”), Proto-Germanic *warjaną (“to ward off, to defend”), Proto-Germanic *warōną (“to overwatch, to be aware of”).

cog

to go ahead, to overtake, to take a lead


glumiti

glumľenьje (noun-from-verb)
glumiti (infinitive)
glumitъ (supine)
glumilъ (l-participle)
glumľenъ (participle passive past)
glumimъ (participle passive present)
glumľь (active participle past)
glumę (active participle present)
glumixъ (aorist first-person singular)
glumi (aorist second-person singular)
glumi (aorist singular third-person)
glumľǫ (first-person present singular)
glumiši (present second-person singular)
glumitь (present singular third-person)
glumixově (aorist dual first-person)
glumista (aorist dual second-person)
glumiste (aorist dual third-person)
glumivě (dual first-person present)
glumita (dual present second-person)
glumite (dual present third-person)
glumixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
glumiste (aorist plural second-person)
glumišę (aorist plural third-person)
glumimъ (first-person plural present)
glumite (plural present second-person)
glumętь (plural present third-person)
glumľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
glumľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
glumľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
glumi (imperative second-person singular)
glumi (imperative singular third-person)
glumľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
glumľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
glumľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
glumivě (dual first-person imperative)
glumita (dual imperative second-person)
glumľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
glumľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
glumľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
glumimъ (first-person imperative plural)
glumite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: глумити (glumiti)

Old Ruthenian: глумити (hlumiti)

Belarusian: глумі́ць (hlumícʹ)

Ukrainian: глуми́ти (hlumýty)

Russian: глуми́ться (glumítʹsja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: глоумити (glumiti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: глумя́ (glumjá)

Macedonian: глуми (glumi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: глу́мити

Latin script: glúmiti

Slovene: glūmiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Polish: głumić (dialectal)

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: glumi

Denominative verb from *glumъ, *gluma (“mockery? amusement? joke?”) + *-iti, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰlow-m-, from the root *gʰlew-. Cognate with Old Norse glaumr (“jubilation”), gleyma (“to forget, to jubilate, to make merry”), Old English glēam (“jubilation, joy”), Ancient Greek χλεύη (khleúē, “joke, mockery”), χλευάζω (khleuázō, “to joke”), Lithuanian glaudas, glauda (“fun”) (Daouksha's dictionary), gláudoti (“to joke”), Latvian glaudât (“to joke”).


gostiti

gosťenьje (noun-from-verb)
gostiti (infinitive)
gostitъ (supine)
gostilъ (l-participle)
gosťenъ (participle passive past)
gostimъ (participle passive present)
gosťь (active participle past)
gostę (active participle present)
gostixъ (aorist first-person singular)
gosti (aorist second-person singular)
gosti (aorist singular third-person)
gosťǫ (first-person present singular)
gostiši (present second-person singular)
gostitь (present singular third-person)
gostixově (aorist dual first-person)
gostista (aorist dual second-person)
gostiste (aorist dual third-person)
gostivě (dual first-person present)
gostita (dual present second-person)
gostite (dual present third-person)
gostixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gostiste (aorist plural second-person)
gostišę (aorist plural third-person)
gostimъ (first-person plural present)
gostite (plural present second-person)
gostętь (plural present third-person)
gosťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gosťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gosťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gosti (imperative second-person singular)
gosti (imperative singular third-person)
gosťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gosťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gosťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gostivě (dual first-person imperative)
gostita (dual imperative second-person)
gosťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gosťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gosťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gostimъ (first-person imperative plural)
gostite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гостити (gostiti)

desc

Belarusian: гасьці́ць (hasʹcícʹ) (dialectal)

Russian: гости́ть (gostítʹ)

Ukrainian: гости́ти (hostýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Russian Church Slavonic: гостити (gostiti)

Bulgarian: гостя̀ (gostjà)

Macedonian: гости (gosti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: го̀стити

Latin script: gòstiti

Slovene: gostíti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hostiti

Czech: hostit

Polish: gościć

Slovak: hostiť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: hościć


napisati

napisanьje (noun-from-verb)
napisati (infinitive)
napisatъ (supine)
napisalъ (l-participle)
napisanъ (participle passive past)
napišemъ (participle passive present)
napisavъ (active participle past)
napišę (active participle present)
napisaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
napisa (aorist second-person singular)
napisa (aorist singular third-person)
napišǫ (first-person present singular)
napišeši (present second-person singular)
napišetь (present singular third-person)
napisaxově (aorist dual first-person)
napisasta (aorist dual second-person)
napisaste (aorist dual third-person)
napiševě (dual first-person present)
napišeta (dual present second-person)
napišete (dual present third-person)
napisaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
napisaste (aorist plural second-person)
napisašę (aorist plural third-person)
napišemъ (first-person plural present)
napišete (plural present second-person)
napišǫtь (plural present third-person)
napisaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
napisaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
napisaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
napiši (imperative second-person singular)
napiši (imperative singular third-person)
napisaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
napisaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
napisaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
napišivě (dual first-person imperative)
napišita (dual imperative second-person)
napisaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
napisaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
napisaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
napišimъ (first-person imperative plural)
napišite (imperative plural second-person)
napisanьje (noun-from-verb)
napisati (infinitive)
napisatъ (supine)
napisalъ (l-participle)
napisanъ (participle passive past)
napisajemъ (participle passive present)
napisavъ (active participle past)
napisaję (active participle present)
napisaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
napisa (aorist second-person singular)
napisa (aorist singular third-person)
napisajǫ (first-person present singular)
napisaješi (present second-person singular)
napisajetь (present singular third-person)
napisaxově (aorist dual first-person)
napisasta (aorist dual second-person)
napisaste (aorist dual third-person)
napisajevě (dual first-person present)
napisajeta (dual present second-person)
napisajete (dual present third-person)
napisaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
napisaste (aorist plural second-person)
napisašę (aorist plural third-person)
napisajemъ (first-person plural present)
napisajete (plural present second-person)
napisajǫtь (plural present third-person)
napisaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
napisaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
napisaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
napisaji (imperative second-person singular)
napisaji (imperative singular third-person)
napisaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
napisaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
napisaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
napisajivě (dual first-person imperative)
napisajita (dual imperative second-person)
napisaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
napisaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
napisaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
napisajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
napisajite (imperative plural second-person)

Church Slavonic: написати (napisati) (Russian)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: написати (napisati)

Belarusian: напіса́ць (napisácʹ)

Russian: написа́ть (napisátʹ)

Ukrainian: написа́ти (napysáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: написати (napisati)

Bulgarian: напи́ша (napíša)

Macedonian: на́пише (nápiše)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: написати

Latin script: napísati

Slovene: napísati

West Slavic:

Old Polish: napisać

Polish: napisać

Slovak: napísať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: napisać

Lower Sorbian: napisaś


prijati

prijàti (canonical)
prijanьje (noun-from-verb)
prijati (infinitive)
prijatъ (supine)
prijalъ (l-participle)
prijanъ (participle passive past)
prijajemъ (participle passive present)
prijavъ (active participle past)
prijaję (active participle present)
prijaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
prija (aorist second-person singular)
prija (aorist singular third-person)
prijajǫ (first-person present singular)
prijaješi (present second-person singular)
prijajetь (present singular third-person)
prijaxově (aorist dual first-person)
prijasta (aorist dual second-person)
prijaste (aorist dual third-person)
prijajevě (dual first-person present)
prijajeta (dual present second-person)
prijajete (dual present third-person)
prijaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
prijaste (aorist plural second-person)
prijašę (aorist plural third-person)
prijajemъ (first-person plural present)
prijajete (plural present second-person)
prijajǫtь (plural present third-person)
prijaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
prijaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
prijaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
prijaji (imperative second-person singular)
prijaji (imperative singular third-person)
prijaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
prijaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
prijaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
prijajivě (dual first-person imperative)
prijajita (dual imperative second-person)
prijaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
prijaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
prijaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
prijajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
prijajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: прыя́ць (pryjácʹ) (archaic)

Russian: прия́ть (prijátʹ) (archaic)

Ukrainian: прия́ти (pryjáty) (archaic)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: приꙗти (prijati)

Glagolitic: ⱂⱃⰹⱑⱅⰹ (prijati)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: прѝјати

Latin script: prìjati

Slovene: príjati

West Slavic:

Czech: přát

Old Polish: przyjać

⇒ Polish: sprzyjać

Silesian: przŏć

Slovak: priať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pśaś

Upper Sorbian: přeć, přać

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *prīˀjā́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *priH-eh₂-ti, from *priHós (“dear, beloved”). Cognate with Sanskrit प्रीणाति (prīṇā́ti, “to please”), Persian آفریدن (âfaridan, “to create”) and Old High German frīten (“to look after”).


kričati

c (accent-paradigm)
kričanьje (noun-from-verb)
kričati (infinitive)
kričatъ (supine)
kričalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
kričanъ (participle passive past)
kričimъ (participle passive present)
kričavъ (active participle past)
kričę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
kričaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kriča (aorist second-person singular)
kriča (aorist singular third-person)
kričǫ (first-person present singular)
kričiši (present second-person singular)
kričitь (present singular third-person)
kričaxově (aorist dual first-person)
kričasta (aorist dual second-person)
kričaste (aorist dual third-person)
kričivě (dual first-person present)
kričita (dual present second-person)
kričite (dual present third-person)
kričaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kričaste (aorist plural second-person)
kričašę (aorist plural third-person)
kričimъ (first-person plural present)
kričite (plural present second-person)
kričętь (plural present third-person)
kričaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kričaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kričaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kriči (imperative second-person singular)
kriči (imperative singular third-person)
kričaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kričaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kričaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kričivě (dual first-person imperative)
kričita (dual imperative second-person)
kričaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kričaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kričaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kričimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kričite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кричати (kričati)

Belarusian: крыча́ць (kryčácʹ)

Russian: крича́ть (kričátʹ)

Ukrainian: крича́ти (kryčáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: кричати (kričati)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: крича́ (kričá) (dialectal)

Macedonian: кричи (kriči)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кри́чати

Latin script: kríčati

Slovene: kričáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: křičěti

Czech: křičet

Old Polish: krzyczeć

Polish: krzyczeć

Slovak: kričať

Slovincian: krzëcëc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: křičeć

Lower Sorbian: kśicaś

Non-Slavic:

→? Albanian: kërcas

From *krȋkъ + *-ěti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kreik-. Cognate with Lithuanian krỹkti (“to cry (of birds), to quack”), krỹkšti (“to shout”), Ancient Greek κρίκε (kríke, “(he) squeals, (it) pops”).


laskati

làskati (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
laskanьje (noun-from-verb)
laskati (infinitive)
laskatъ (supine)
laskalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
laskanъ (participle passive past)
laščemъ (participle passive present)
laskavъ (active participle past)
laščę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
laskaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
laska (aorist second-person singular)
laska (aorist singular third-person)
laščǫ (first-person present singular)
laščeši (present second-person singular)
laščetь (present singular third-person)
laskaxově (aorist dual first-person)
laskasta (aorist dual second-person)
laskaste (aorist dual third-person)
laščevě (dual first-person present)
laščeta (dual present second-person)
laščete (dual present third-person)
laskaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
laskaste (aorist plural second-person)
laskašę (aorist plural third-person)
laščemъ (first-person plural present)
laščete (plural present second-person)
laščǫtь (plural present third-person)
laskaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
laskaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
laskaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
lašči (imperative second-person singular)
lašči (imperative singular third-person)
laskaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
laskaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
laskaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
laščivě (dual first-person imperative)
laščita (dual imperative second-person)
laskaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
laskaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
laskaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
laščimъ (first-person imperative plural)
laščite (imperative plural second-person)
a (accent-paradigm)
laskanьje (noun-from-verb)
laskati (infinitive)
laskatъ (supine)
laskalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
laskanъ (participle passive past)
laskajemъ (participle passive present)
laskavъ (active participle past)
laskaję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
laskaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
laska (aorist second-person singular)
laska (aorist singular third-person)
laskajǫ (first-person present singular)
laskaješi (present second-person singular)
laskajetь (present singular third-person)
laskaxově (aorist dual first-person)
laskasta (aorist dual second-person)
laskaste (aorist dual third-person)
laskajevě (dual first-person present)
laskajeta (dual present second-person)
laskajete (dual present third-person)
laskaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
laskaste (aorist plural second-person)
laskašę (aorist plural third-person)
laskajemъ (first-person plural present)
laskajete (plural present second-person)
laskajǫtь (plural present third-person)
laskaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
laskaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
laskaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
laskaji (imperative second-person singular)
laskaji (imperative singular third-person)
laskaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
laskaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
laskaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
laskajivě (dual first-person imperative)
laskajita (dual imperative second-person)
laskaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
laskaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
laskaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
laskajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
laskajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ласкати (laskati)

Belarusian: ласка́ць (laskácʹ) (dialectal)

Russian: ласка́ть (laskátʹ)

Ukrainian: ласка́ти (laskáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: ласкати (laskati)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: ласка́я (laskája)

Macedonian: ласка (laska)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ла̏скати

Latin script: lȁskati

Slovene: láskati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: laskat

Old Polish: łaskać

Polish: głaskać

Slovak: láskať

From Proto-Indo-European *leh₂s-sk-, from *leh₂s-. Balto-Slavic root *lāˀs-, as in Lithuanian lokšnùs (“sensitive”). Cognate with Latin lascīvus (“playful”), per Chernykh also Sanskrit लषति (laṣati, “to thirst, to want”) < *la-ls-ati.


čuvati

čuti (perfective)
čuvanьje (noun-from-verb)
čuvati (infinitive)
čuvatъ (supine)
čuvalъ (l-participle)
čuvanъ (participle passive past)
čuvajemъ (participle passive present)
čuvavъ (active participle past)
čuvaję (active participle present)
čuvaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
čuva (aorist second-person singular)
čuva (aorist singular third-person)
čuvajǫ (first-person present singular)
čuvaješi (present second-person singular)
čuvajetь (present singular third-person)
čuvaxově (aorist dual first-person)
čuvasta (aorist dual second-person)
čuvaste (aorist dual third-person)
čuvajevě (dual first-person present)
čuvajeta (dual present second-person)
čuvajete (dual present third-person)
čuvaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
čuvaste (aorist plural second-person)
čuvašę (aorist plural third-person)
čuvajemъ (first-person plural present)
čuvajete (plural present second-person)
čuvajǫtь (plural present third-person)
čuvaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
čuvaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
čuvaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
čuvaji (imperative second-person singular)
čuvaji (imperative singular third-person)
čuvaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
čuvaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
čuvaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
čuvajivě (dual first-person imperative)
čuvajita (dual imperative second-person)
čuvaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
čuvaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
čuvaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
čuvajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
čuvajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: чу́вам (čúvam, “to hear”)

desc

Macedonian: чува (čuva, “to heed, to guard”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: чу́вати

Latin script: čúvati

Slovene: čūvati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: czuwac

Polish: czuwać

Slovincian: czùwac

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kowh₁éh₂yeti from *(s)kewh₁-. By surface analysis, *čuti + *-vati. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *skawwōną (“to watch”).


svariti

svarìti (canonical)
svařenьje (noun-from-verb)
svariti (infinitive)
svaritъ (supine)
svarilъ (l-participle)
svařenъ (participle passive past)
svarimъ (participle passive present)
svařь (active participle past)
svarę (active participle present)
svarixъ (aorist first-person singular)
svari (aorist second-person singular)
svari (aorist singular third-person)
svařǫ (first-person present singular)
svariši (present second-person singular)
svaritь (present singular third-person)
svarixově (aorist dual first-person)
svarista (aorist dual second-person)
svariste (aorist dual third-person)
svarivě (dual first-person present)
svarita (dual present second-person)
svarite (dual present third-person)
svarixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
svariste (aorist plural second-person)
svarišę (aorist plural third-person)
svarimъ (first-person plural present)
svarite (plural present second-person)
svarętь (plural present third-person)
svařaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
svařaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
svařaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
svari (imperative second-person singular)
svari (imperative singular third-person)
svařaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
svařaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
svařaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
svarivě (dual first-person imperative)
svarita (dual imperative second-person)
svařaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
svařaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
svařaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
svarimъ (first-person imperative plural)
svarite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сварити (svariti)

desc

Old Ruthenian: свари́ти (svaríti), свари́тисѧ (svarítisja)

Belarusian: свары́ць (svarýcʹ), свары́цца (svarýcca)

Ukrainian: свари́ти (svarýty), свари́тися (svarýtysja)

Russian: свари́ться (svarítʹsja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сварити (svariti)

Unspecified script:

Slovene: svariti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Polish: swarzyć

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: swariś

Upper Sorbian: swarić

From Proto-Indo-European *swer-. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *swarjaną.


truditi

truďenьje (noun-from-verb)
truditi (infinitive)
truditъ (supine)
trudilъ (l-participle)
truďenъ (participle passive past)
trudimъ (participle passive present)
truďь (active participle past)
trudę (active participle present)
trudixъ (aorist first-person singular)
trudi (aorist second-person singular)
trudi (aorist singular third-person)
truďǫ (first-person present singular)
trudiši (present second-person singular)
truditь (present singular third-person)
trudixově (aorist dual first-person)
trudista (aorist dual second-person)
trudiste (aorist dual third-person)
trudivě (dual first-person present)
trudita (dual present second-person)
trudite (dual present third-person)
trudixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
trudiste (aorist plural second-person)
trudišę (aorist plural third-person)
trudimъ (first-person plural present)
trudite (plural present second-person)
trudętь (plural present third-person)
truďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
truďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
truďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
trudi (imperative second-person singular)
trudi (imperative singular third-person)
truďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
truďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
truďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
trudivě (dual first-person imperative)
trudita (dual imperative second-person)
truďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
truďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
truďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
trudimъ (first-person imperative plural)
trudite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: трудзіць (trudzicʹ)

Russian: труди́ть (trudítʹ)

Ukrainian: труди́ти (trudýty)

South Slavic

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: троудити (truditi)

Bulgarian: тру̀дя (trùdja)

Macedonian: труди (trudi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тру́дити

Latin script: trúditi

West Slavic

Czech: trudit

Polish: trudzić

Slovak: trudiť

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: trudi


desiti

dešenьje (noun-from-verb)
desiti (infinitive)
desitъ (supine)
desilъ (l-participle)
dešenъ (participle passive past)
dešь (active participle past)
desixъ (aorist first-person singular)
desi (aorist second-person singular)
desi (aorist singular third-person)
dešǫ (first-person present singular)
desiši (present second-person singular)
desitь (present singular third-person)
desixově (aorist dual first-person)
desista (aorist dual second-person)
desiste (aorist dual third-person)
desivě (dual first-person present)
desita (dual present second-person)
desite (dual present third-person)
desixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
desiste (aorist plural second-person)
desišę (aorist plural third-person)
desimъ (first-person plural present)
desite (plural present second-person)
desętь (plural present third-person)
desi (imperative second-person singular)
desi (imperative singular third-person)
desivě (dual first-person imperative)
desita (dual imperative second-person)
desimъ (first-person imperative plural)
desite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: десити (desiti), дѣсити (děsiti, “find, encounter”), деситисꙗ (desitisja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: десити (desiti, “find, encounter”)

Glagolitic script: ⰴⰵⱄⰹⱅⰹ (desiti, “find, encounter”)

⇒ Bulgarian: Деси-слава (Desi-slava) (proper name)

Bulgarian: де́сим се (désim se) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дѐсити, де̏си̑м, де̏сити, десити се (“happen, occur”); де̏шити, де̏сит (dialectal)

Latin script: dèsiti, dȅsȋm, dȅsiti, desiti se (“happen, occur”); dȅšiti, dȅsit (dialectal)

West Slavic:

⇒ Old Czech: poděsiti (“catch up with, get hold of”)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *deśitei, from Proto-Indo-European *deḱ- (“take, perceive”).


piliti

piľenьje (noun-from-verb)
piliti (infinitive)
pilitъ (supine)
pililъ (l-participle)
piľenъ (participle passive past)
pilimъ (participle passive present)
piľь (active participle past)
pilę (active participle present)
pilixъ (aorist first-person singular)
pili (aorist second-person singular)
pili (aorist singular third-person)
piľǫ (first-person present singular)
piliši (present second-person singular)
pilitь (present singular third-person)
pilixově (aorist dual first-person)
pilista (aorist dual second-person)
piliste (aorist dual third-person)
pilivě (dual first-person present)
pilita (dual present second-person)
pilite (dual present third-person)
pilixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
piliste (aorist plural second-person)
pilišę (aorist plural third-person)
pilimъ (first-person plural present)
pilite (plural present second-person)
pilętь (plural present third-person)
piľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
piľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
piľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pili (imperative second-person singular)
pili (imperative singular third-person)
piľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
piľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
piľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pilivě (dual first-person imperative)
pilita (dual imperative second-person)
piľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
piľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
piľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pilimъ (first-person imperative plural)
pilite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: пили́ть (pilítʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: пиля̀ (piljà)

Macedonian: пили (pili)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пи́лити

Latin script: píliti

Slovene: píliti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Polish: pilić


strugati

struganьje (noun-from-verb)
strugati (infinitive)
strugatъ (supine)
strugalъ (l-participle)
struganъ (participle passive past)
stružemъ (participle passive present)
strugavъ (active participle past)
stružę (active participle present)
strugaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
struga (aorist second-person singular)
struga (aorist singular third-person)
stružǫ (first-person present singular)
stružeši (present second-person singular)
stružetь (present singular third-person)
strugaxově (aorist dual first-person)
strugasta (aorist dual second-person)
strugaste (aorist dual third-person)
struževě (dual first-person present)
stružeta (dual present second-person)
stružete (dual present third-person)
strugaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
strugaste (aorist plural second-person)
strugašę (aorist plural third-person)
stružemъ (first-person plural present)
stružete (plural present second-person)
stružǫtь (plural present third-person)
strugaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
strugaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
strugaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
struži (imperative second-person singular)
struži (imperative singular third-person)
strugaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
strugaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
strugaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
struživě (dual first-person imperative)
stružita (dual imperative second-person)
strugaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
strugaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
strugaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
stružimъ (first-person imperative plural)
stružite (imperative plural second-person)
struganьje (noun-from-verb)
strugati (infinitive)
strugatъ (supine)
strugalъ (l-participle)
struganъ (participle passive past)
strugajemъ (participle passive present)
strugavъ (active participle past)
strugaję (active participle present)
strugaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
struga (aorist second-person singular)
struga (aorist singular third-person)
strugajǫ (first-person present singular)
strugaješi (present second-person singular)
strugajetь (present singular third-person)
strugaxově (aorist dual first-person)
strugasta (aorist dual second-person)
strugaste (aorist dual third-person)
strugajevě (dual first-person present)
strugajeta (dual present second-person)
strugajete (dual present third-person)
strugaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
strugaste (aorist plural second-person)
strugašę (aorist plural third-person)
strugajemъ (first-person plural present)
strugajete (plural present second-person)
strugajǫtь (plural present third-person)
strugaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
strugaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
strugaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
strugaji (imperative second-person singular)
strugaji (imperative singular third-person)
strugaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
strugaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
strugaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
strugajivě (dual first-person imperative)
strugajita (dual imperative second-person)
strugaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
strugaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
strugaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
strugajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
strugajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: стругати (strugati)

Russian: струга́ть (strugátʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: стругам (strugam)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: стру́гати

Latin script: strúgati

Slovene: strúgati

West Slavic:

Old Czech: strúhati

Czech: strouhat

Old Polish: strugać

Polish: strugać

Slovak: strúhať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: truhać

Lower Sorbian: tšugaś

Per Vasmer, from Proto-Indo-European *srew- (“to flow, to stream”)


vaditi

a (accent-paradigm)
vaďenьje (noun-from-verb)
vaditi (infinitive)
vaditъ (supine)
vadilъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
vaďenъ (participle passive past)
vadimъ (participle passive present)
vaďь (active participle past)
vadę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
vadixъ (aorist first-person singular)
vadi (aorist second-person singular)
vadi (aorist singular third-person)
vaďǫ (first-person present singular)
vadiši (present second-person singular)
vaditь (present singular third-person)
vadixově (aorist dual first-person)
vadista (aorist dual second-person)
vadiste (aorist dual third-person)
vadivě (dual first-person present)
vadita (dual present second-person)
vadite (dual present third-person)
vadixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vadiste (aorist plural second-person)
vadišę (aorist plural third-person)
vadimъ (first-person plural present)
vadite (plural present second-person)
vadętь (plural present third-person)
vaďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vaďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vaďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vadi (imperative second-person singular)
vadi (imperative singular third-person)
vaďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vaďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vaďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vadivě (dual first-person imperative)
vadita (dual imperative second-person)
vaďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vaďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vaďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vadimъ (first-person imperative plural)
vadite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вадити (vaditi)

desc

Russian: ва́дить (váditʹ, “to slander”) (archaic)

⇒ -ва́дить (-váditʹ)

⇒ -ва́дить (-váditʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: ва́дити ся (vádyty sja, “to argue”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: вадити (vaditi)

Bulgarian: ва́дя (vádja, “to asperse”) (dialectal)

Slovene: váditi (“to report, declare”) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Czech: vadit

Kashubian: wadzyc

Old Polish: wadzić

Polish: wadzić

Slovak: vadiť

Probably causative from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wedH- (“to utter, to call”), cognate with Sanskrit वादयति (vādayati, “to convince, to make to speak”), Ancient Greek αὐδάω (audáō, “to utter”). Further akin to Sanskrit वाद (vāda, “speech, advice”), वदति (vadati, “to speak, to tell”), Ancient Greek αὐδή (audḗ, “voice”).
Often compared with Lithuanian vadìnti (“to call”) and Latvian vadinât (“to lure”), however, no concensus has been reached if the Slavic verb is related to either of them. Derksen considers it phonologically problematic.

cog

(transitive, by extension) to interfere, to hamper (West Slavic)


vaditi

vàditi (canonical imperfective)
vaďenьje (noun-from-verb)
vaditi (infinitive)
vaditъ (supine)
vadilъ (l-participle)
vaďenъ (participle passive past)
vadimъ (participle passive present)
vaďь (active participle past)
vadę (active participle present)
vadixъ (aorist first-person singular)
vadi (aorist second-person singular)
vadi (aorist singular third-person)
vaďǫ (first-person present singular)
vadiši (present second-person singular)
vaditь (present singular third-person)
vadixově (aorist dual first-person)
vadista (aorist dual second-person)
vadiste (aorist dual third-person)
vadivě (dual first-person present)
vadita (dual present second-person)
vadite (dual present third-person)
vadixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vadiste (aorist plural second-person)
vadišę (aorist plural third-person)
vadimъ (first-person plural present)
vadite (plural present second-person)
vadętь (plural present third-person)
vaďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vaďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vaďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vadi (imperative second-person singular)
vadi (imperative singular third-person)
vaďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vaďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vaďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vadivě (dual first-person imperative)
vadita (dual imperative second-person)
vaďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vaďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vaďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vadimъ (first-person imperative plural)
vadite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Russian: ва́дить (váditʹ, “to lure, to deceive; to protract”) (dialectal)

Carpathian Rusyn: ва́дити (vádyty, “to hang”)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ва́дя (vádja, “to extract”) (standard)

Macedonian: вади (vadi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ва̏дити

Latin script: vȁditi

Slovene: váditi (“to exercise”) (standard)

Most likely an intensive counter-part of *voditi (“to conduct”) with enlonged grade, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wádīˀtei, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wedʰ- (“to lead, to conduct”).
Alterantively, akin to Sanskrit वधति (vadhati, “to slay”), Ancient Greek ὠθέω (ōthéō, “to push”), Hittite [script needed] (ḫuett(i)-, “to pull, pluck”) (per BER), presumably from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wedʰ- (“to pluck, to jerk”).


vaditi

Slavic (East)
vaďenьje (noun-from-verb)
vaditi (infinitive)
vaditъ (supine)
vadilъ (l-participle)
vaďenъ (participle passive past)
vadimъ (participle passive present)
vaďь (active participle past)
vadę (active participle present)
vadixъ (aorist first-person singular)
vadi (aorist second-person singular)
vadi (aorist singular third-person)
vaďǫ (first-person present singular)
vadiši (present second-person singular)
vaditь (present singular third-person)
vadixově (aorist dual first-person)
vadista (aorist dual second-person)
vadiste (aorist dual third-person)
vadivě (dual first-person present)
vadita (dual present second-person)
vadite (dual present third-person)
vadixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vadiste (aorist plural second-person)
vadišę (aorist plural third-person)
vadimъ (first-person plural present)
vadite (plural present second-person)
vadętь (plural present third-person)
vaďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vaďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vaďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vadi (imperative second-person singular)
vadi (imperative singular third-person)
vaďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vaďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vaďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vadivě (dual first-person imperative)
vadita (dual imperative second-person)
vaďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vaďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vaďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vadimъ (first-person imperative plural)
vadite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ва́дзіць (vádzicʹ)

>? Russian: ва́дить (váditʹ, “to tame”) (dialectal)

desc

Ukrainian: ва́дити (vádyty), ва́дитися (vádytysja)

Identical with one of the above etymologies, but unclear which.
Has been speculated as the origin of personal name Old East Slavic Вадимъ (Vadimŭ) (whence Russian Вади́м (Vadím), Ukrainian Вади́м (Vadým), Belarusian Вадзі́м (Vadzím)), alternatively viewed as corruption of Old Church Slavonic Владимиръ (Vladimirŭ).


tiskati

tìskati (canonical)
a (accent-paradigm)
tiskanьje (noun-from-verb)
tiskati (infinitive)
tiskatъ (supine)
tiskalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
tiskanъ (participle passive past)
tiščemъ (participle passive present)
tiskavъ (active participle past)
tiščę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
tiskaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
tiska (aorist second-person singular)
tiska (aorist singular third-person)
tiščǫ (first-person present singular)
tiščeši (present second-person singular)
tiščetь (present singular third-person)
tiskaxově (aorist dual first-person)
tiskasta (aorist dual second-person)
tiskaste (aorist dual third-person)
tiščevě (dual first-person present)
tiščeta (dual present second-person)
tiščete (dual present third-person)
tiskaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tiskaste (aorist plural second-person)
tiskašę (aorist plural third-person)
tiščemъ (first-person plural present)
tiščete (plural present second-person)
tiščǫtь (plural present third-person)
tiskaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tiskaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tiskaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
tišči (imperative second-person singular)
tišči (imperative singular third-person)
tiskaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tiskaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tiskaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tiščivě (dual first-person imperative)
tiščita (dual imperative second-person)
tiskaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tiskaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tiskaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tiščimъ (first-person imperative plural)
tiščite (imperative plural second-person)
a (accent-paradigm)
tiskanьje (noun-from-verb)
tiskati (infinitive)
tiskatъ (supine)
tiskalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
tiskanъ (participle passive past)
tiskajemъ (participle passive present)
tiskavъ (active participle past)
tiskaję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
tiskaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
tiska (aorist second-person singular)
tiska (aorist singular third-person)
tiskajǫ (first-person present singular)
tiskaješi (present second-person singular)
tiskajetь (present singular third-person)
tiskaxově (aorist dual first-person)
tiskasta (aorist dual second-person)
tiskaste (aorist dual third-person)
tiskajevě (dual first-person present)
tiskajeta (dual present second-person)
tiskajete (dual present third-person)
tiskaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tiskaste (aorist plural second-person)
tiskašę (aorist plural third-person)
tiskajemъ (first-person plural present)
tiskajete (plural present second-person)
tiskajǫtь (plural present third-person)
tiskaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tiskaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tiskaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
tiskaji (imperative second-person singular)
tiskaji (imperative singular third-person)
tiskaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tiskaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tiskaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tiskajivě (dual first-person imperative)
tiskajita (dual imperative second-person)
tiskaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tiskaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tiskaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tiskajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
tiskajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ці́скаць (cískacʹ)

Russian: ти́скать (tískatʹ), 1sg. ти́скаю (tískaju)

Ukrainian: ти́скати (týskaty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: тискати (tiskati)

Glagolitic script: ⱅⰻⱄⰽⰰⱅⰻ (tiskati)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ти̏скати

Latin script: tȉskati

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: tískati (“to press, to print”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. tískam (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desc

Polish: ciskać (“to hurl”), uciskać (“to press, to squeeze”)

Slovak: tískať, tiskať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: ćiskać (“to move, to press”)

Lower Sorbian: śiskaś (“to move, to press”)

Per Derksen, the Proto-Indo-European root is reconstructible as *teyH- or *teh₁y-, but neither of them can be clearly linked to non-Slavic words. The PIE suffix *-sk- is also present. Per Vasmer and Chernykh, possibly related to *těsto (“dough”), which may be connected with Old Irish tóis-renn, táis (“dough”), Old English þǣsma (“leaven”).


lišiti

lišìti (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
lišenьje (noun-from-verb)
lišiti (infinitive)
lišitъ (supine)
lišilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
lišenъ (participle passive past)
lišimъ (participle passive present)
lišь (active participle past)
lišę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
lišixъ (aorist first-person singular)
liši (aorist second-person singular)
liši (aorist singular third-person)
lišǫ (first-person present singular)
lišiši (present second-person singular)
lišitь (present singular third-person)
lišixově (aorist dual first-person)
lišista (aorist dual second-person)
lišiste (aorist dual third-person)
lišivě (dual first-person present)
lišita (dual present second-person)
lišite (dual present third-person)
lišixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
lišiste (aorist plural second-person)
lišišę (aorist plural third-person)
lišimъ (first-person plural present)
lišite (plural present second-person)
lišętь (plural present third-person)
lišaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
lišaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
lišaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
liši (imperative second-person singular)
liši (imperative singular third-person)
lišaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
lišaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
lišaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
lišivě (dual first-person imperative)
lišita (dual imperative second-person)
lišaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
lišaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
lišaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
lišimъ (first-person imperative plural)
lišite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: лишити (lišiti) (11th century)

Belarusian: лішы́ць (lišýcʹ) (obsolete)

Russian: лиши́ть (lišítʹ)

Ukrainian: лиши́ти (lyšýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: лишити (lišiti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: лиша́ (lišá)

Macedonian: лиши (liši)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ли́шити

Latin script: líšiti

West Slavic:

Czech: lišit

Old Polish: liszyć

Polish: liszyć (obsolete)

Slovak: líšiť

From *lixъ (“superfluous, incorrect”) + *-iti.


metati

metàti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
metanьje (noun-from-verb)
metati (infinitive)
metatъ (supine)
metalъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
metanъ (participle passive past)
meťemъ (participle passive present)
metavъ (active participle past)
meťę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
metaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
meta (aorist second-person singular)
meta (aorist singular third-person)
meťǫ (first-person present singular)
meťeši (present second-person singular)
meťetь (present singular third-person)
metaxově (aorist dual first-person)
metasta (aorist dual second-person)
metaste (aorist dual third-person)
meťevě (dual first-person present)
meťeta (dual present second-person)
meťete (dual present third-person)
metaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
metaste (aorist plural second-person)
metašę (aorist plural third-person)
meťemъ (first-person plural present)
meťete (plural present second-person)
meťǫtь (plural present third-person)
metaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
metaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
metaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
meťi (imperative second-person singular)
meťi (imperative singular third-person)
metaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
metaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
metaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
meťivě (dual first-person imperative)
meťita (dual imperative second-person)
metaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
metaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
metaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
meťimъ (first-person imperative plural)
meťite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: метати (metati)

Belarusian: мята́цца (mjatácca)

Russian: мета́ть (metátʹ)

Ukrainian: мета́ти (metáty)

Old Novgorodian: мета́ти (metáti)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: метати (metati)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

desc

⇒ Bulgarian: мя́там (mjátam) (via vṛddhi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мѐтати

Latin script: mètati

Slovene: metáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: metati

Czech: metat

Polabian: micĕ

Old Polish: miotać

Polish: miotać, mietać (archaic)

Slovak: metať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: mjetać (obsolete)

Lower Sorbian: mjataś

From the same root as *mestì (“to throw, to sweep”).


kaliti

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ка́лити

Latin script: káliti

Slovene: kalíti

West Slavic:

Czech: kaliti

Kashubian: kalëc

Polish: kalić (obsolete)

Slovak: kaliť


kaliti

East Slavic:

Russian: кали́ть (kalítʹ, “to heat, roast”)

Ukrainian: кали́ти (kalýty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: каля́ (kaljá, “to temper, case-harden”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ка́лити (“to temper, case-harden”)

Latin script: káliti

Slovene: kalíti (“to temper, case-harden”)

West Slavic:

Czech: kalit (“to temper, case-harden”)

Slovak: kaliť (“to temper, case-harden”)

Uncertain.
According to one hypothesis, cognate with Latin callus (“hard”) and a group of Celtic words with senses like 'hard, strong, cruel', e. g. Gaulish Caleti, Old Irish calad, Welsh caled etc. Thus possibly derived from Proto-Indo-European *keHl-/*kHl-.
According to Trubachev, a Slavic semantical development in the Iron Age from *kaliti I, explained by clay (which was used in the tempering process) muddling the water in which the metal ware was tempered. In such a case the aforementioned Celtic words may have developed from *ḱlH-eto (“cold”), see Proto-Celtic *kaletos, as proposed by Joseph (leaving callus without an etymology).
Relation to Latvian kàlstu, kàlst (“to dry up, solidify”) is unclear.


vitati

vitanьje (noun-from-verb)
vitati (infinitive)
vitatъ (supine)
vitalъ (l-participle)
vitanъ (participle passive past)
vitajemъ (participle passive present)
vitavъ (active participle past)
vitaję (active participle present)
vitaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
vita (aorist second-person singular)
vita (aorist singular third-person)
vitajǫ (first-person present singular)
vitaješi (present second-person singular)
vitajetь (present singular third-person)
vitaxově (aorist dual first-person)
vitasta (aorist dual second-person)
vitaste (aorist dual third-person)
vitajevě (dual first-person present)
vitajeta (dual present second-person)
vitajete (dual present third-person)
vitaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vitaste (aorist plural second-person)
vitašę (aorist plural third-person)
vitajemъ (first-person plural present)
vitajete (plural present second-person)
vitajǫtь (plural present third-person)
vitaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vitaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vitaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vitaji (imperative second-person singular)
vitaji (imperative singular third-person)
vitaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vitaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vitaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vitajivě (dual first-person imperative)
vitajita (dual imperative second-person)
vitaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vitaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vitaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vitajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
vitajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: витати (vitati)

Old Ruthenian: витати (vitati)

Belarusian: віта́ць (vitácʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: вита́ти (vytáty)

Ukrainian: віта́ти (vitáty)

Russian: вита́ть (vitátʹ)

→ Ukrainian: вита́ти (vytáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: витати (vitati)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⰻⱅⰰⱅⰻ (vitati)

Bulgarian: вита́я (vitája)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vítati

Czech: vítat

Old Polish: witać

Polish: witać

Slovak: vitať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: witaś

Upper Sorbian: witać

Pokorny derives the root from Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁- (“to pursue, hunt”), though Derksen leaves the origin open.
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian vietà (“place”), Latvian vieta (“place”), pavietat (“to lodge”).

der

obitanьje

*obitati (“to dwell in, to live in, to inhabit”)

obitělišče

*obitělь (“abode, dwelling, habitation; inn, lodging, monastery”)


globiti

globľenьje (noun-from-verb)
globiti (infinitive)
globitъ (supine)
globilъ (l-participle)
globľenъ (participle passive past)
globimъ (participle passive present)
globľь (active participle past)
globę (active participle present)
globixъ (aorist first-person singular)
globi (aorist second-person singular)
globi (aorist singular third-person)
globľǫ (first-person present singular)
globiši (present second-person singular)
globitь (present singular third-person)
globixově (aorist dual first-person)
globista (aorist dual second-person)
globiste (aorist dual third-person)
globivě (dual first-person present)
globita (dual present second-person)
globite (dual present third-person)
globixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
globiste (aorist plural second-person)
globišę (aorist plural third-person)
globimъ (first-person plural present)
globite (plural present second-person)
globętь (plural present third-person)
globľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
globľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
globľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
globi (imperative second-person singular)
globi (imperative singular third-person)
globľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
globľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
globľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
globivě (dual first-person imperative)
globita (dual imperative second-person)
globľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
globľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
globľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
globimъ (first-person imperative plural)
globite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: глобиться (globitʹsja)

Ukrainian: глоби́ти (hlobýty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: глобя́ (globjá)

Macedonian: глоби (globi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гло̀бити

Latin script: glòbiti

Slovene: globiti

West Slavic:

Czech: hlobiti, hłobiť (dialectal)

Old Polish: głobić

Polish: głobić (archaic)

Slovak: hlobiť, hlobic (dialectal)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: głobiś (archaic)


sterti

stérti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
stьrtьje (noun-from-verb)
sterti (infinitive)
stertъ (supine)
stьrlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
stьrtъ (participle passive past)
stьromъ (participle passive present)
stьrъ (active participle past)
stьry (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
sterxъ (aorist first-person singular)
ster (aorist second-person singular)
ster (aorist singular third-person)
stьrǫ (first-person present singular)
stьreši (present second-person singular)
stьretь (present singular third-person)
sterxově (aorist dual first-person)
stersta (aorist dual second-person)
sterste (aorist dual third-person)
stьrevě (dual first-person present)
stьreta (dual present second-person)
stьrete (dual present third-person)
sterxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sterste (aorist plural second-person)
steršę (aorist plural third-person)
stьremъ (first-person plural present)
stьrete (plural present second-person)
stьrǫtь (plural present third-person)
stьrěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
stьrěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
stьrěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
stьri (imperative second-person singular)
stьri (imperative singular third-person)
stьrěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
stьrěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
stьrěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
stьrěvě (dual first-person imperative)
stьrěta (dual imperative second-person)
stьrěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
stьrěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
stьrěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
stьrěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
stьrěte (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Church Slavonic: стрети (streti)

Slovene: strẹ́ti (tonal orthography) (dated)

West Slavic:

Slovak: strieť

Derived from Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃-.


lučiti

lučìti (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
lučenьje (noun-from-verb)
lučiti (infinitive)
lučitъ (supine)
lučilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
lučenъ (participle passive past)
lučimъ (participle passive present)
lučь (active participle past)
lučę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
lučixъ (aorist first-person singular)
luči (aorist second-person singular)
luči (aorist singular third-person)
lučǫ (first-person present singular)
lučiši (present second-person singular)
lučitь (present singular third-person)
lučixově (aorist dual first-person)
lučista (aorist dual second-person)
lučiste (aorist dual third-person)
lučivě (dual first-person present)
lučita (dual present second-person)
lučite (dual present third-person)
lučixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
lučiste (aorist plural second-person)
lučišę (aorist plural third-person)
lučimъ (first-person plural present)
lučite (plural present second-person)
lučętь (plural present third-person)
lučaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
lučaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
lučaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
luči (imperative second-person singular)
luči (imperative singular third-person)
lučaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
lučaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
lučaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
lučivě (dual first-person imperative)
lučita (dual imperative second-person)
lučaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
lučaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
lučaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
lučimъ (first-person imperative plural)
lučite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: лꙋчити (lučiti), лꙋчитисꙗ (lučitisja)

Belarusian: лу́чыць (lúčycʹ) (dialectal)

Russian: лучи́ть (lučítʹ) (dialectal), лучи́ться (lučítʹsja) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: лу́чити (lúčyty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: лоучити (lučiti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: лу́ча (lúča)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: лу́чити, лучити (Mažuranić's dictionary)

Latin: lúčiti, lučiti (Mažuranić's dictionary)

Slovene: lučīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: lučit

Old Polish: łuczyć

Slovak: lúčiť

* Per Derksen, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *laukīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *lowk-éye-ti, causative/iterative from the root *lewk- (“light”).
* Vasmer assumes the same Indo-European root and postulates the following semantic development: "light" > "see" > "look for" > "wait for" > "get" > "accomplish, reach, throw, etc.".

to accomplish, find, receive, get, aim, reach, attain (?)


agniti

agňenьje (noun-from-verb)
agniti (infinitive)
agnitъ (supine)
agnilъ (l-participle)
agňenъ (participle passive past)
agnimъ (participle passive present)
agňь (active participle past)
agnę (active participle present)
agnixъ (aorist first-person singular)
agni (aorist second-person singular)
agni (aorist singular third-person)
agňǫ (first-person present singular)
agniši (present second-person singular)
agnitь (present singular third-person)
agnixově (aorist dual first-person)
agnista (aorist dual second-person)
agniste (aorist dual third-person)
agnivě (dual first-person present)
agnita (dual present second-person)
agnite (dual present third-person)
agnixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
agniste (aorist plural second-person)
agnišę (aorist plural third-person)
agnimъ (first-person plural present)
agnite (plural present second-person)
agnętь (plural present third-person)
agňaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
agňaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
agňaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
agni (imperative second-person singular)
agni (imperative singular third-person)
agňaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
agňaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
agňaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
agnivě (dual first-person imperative)
agnita (dual imperative second-person)
agňaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
agňaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
agňaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
agnimъ (first-person imperative plural)
agnite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ягні́цца (jahnícca)

Russian: ягни́ться (jagnítʹsja); яни́тъ (janít) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: ягни́тися (jahnýtysja)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: а́гня (ágnja)

Macedonian: јагни (jagni)

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: jȁgnjiti, jȁnjiti

Cyrillic script: ја̏гњити, ја̏њити

Slovene: jágnjiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: jehniti

Polish: jagnić

Slovak: jahniť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: jagniś


prostiti

prosťenьje (noun-from-verb)
prostiti (infinitive)
prostitъ (supine)
prostilъ (l-participle)
prosťenъ (participle passive past)
prostimъ (participle passive present)
prosťь (active participle past)
prostę (active participle present)
prostixъ (aorist first-person singular)
prosti (aorist second-person singular)
prosti (aorist singular third-person)
prosťǫ (first-person present singular)
prostiši (present second-person singular)
prostitь (present singular third-person)
prostixově (aorist dual first-person)
prostista (aorist dual second-person)
prostiste (aorist dual third-person)
prostivě (dual first-person present)
prostita (dual present second-person)
prostite (dual present third-person)
prostixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
prostiste (aorist plural second-person)
prostišę (aorist plural third-person)
prostimъ (first-person plural present)
prostite (plural present second-person)
prostętь (plural present third-person)
prosťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
prosťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
prosťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
prosti (imperative second-person singular)
prosti (imperative singular third-person)
prosťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
prosťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
prosťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
prostivě (dual first-person imperative)
prostita (dual imperative second-person)
prosťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
prosťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
prosťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
prostimъ (first-person imperative plural)
prostite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: прости́ть (prostítʹ)

Ukrainian: прости́ти (prostýty)

South Slavic

Old Church Slavonic: простити (prostiti)

Bulgarian: простя (prostja)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: про̀стити

Latin script: pròstiti

Slovene: prostíti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic

Czech: prostit

Old Polish: prościć

Polish: prościć (obsolete)

Silesian: prościć


družiti

druženьje (noun-from-verb)
družiti (infinitive)
družitъ (supine)
družilъ (l-participle)
druženъ (participle passive past)
družimъ (participle passive present)
družь (active participle past)
družę (active participle present)
družixъ (aorist first-person singular)
druži (aorist second-person singular)
druži (aorist singular third-person)
družǫ (first-person present singular)
družiši (present second-person singular)
družitь (present singular third-person)
družixově (aorist dual first-person)
družista (aorist dual second-person)
družiste (aorist dual third-person)
druživě (dual first-person present)
družita (dual present second-person)
družite (dual present third-person)
družixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
družiste (aorist plural second-person)
družišę (aorist plural third-person)
družimъ (first-person plural present)
družite (plural present second-person)
družętь (plural present third-person)
družaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
družaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
družaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
druži (imperative second-person singular)
druži (imperative singular third-person)
družaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
družaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
družaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
druživě (dual first-person imperative)
družita (dual imperative second-person)
družaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
družaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
družaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
družimъ (first-person imperative plural)
družite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дружи́ти (družíti)

Old Ruthenian: дрꙋжи́ти (družíti)

Belarusian: дружы́ць (družýcʹ)

Ukrainian: дружи́ти (družýty)

Russian: дружи́ть (družítʹ)

South Slavic

Bulgarian: дружа̀ (družà)

Macedonian: дружи (druži)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дру́жити

Latin script: drúžiti

Slovene: družíti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic

Czech: družit

Polabian: drauzĕt

Polish: drużyć (obsolete)

Slovak: družiť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: družić

Lower Sorbian: družyś


roniti

roňenьje (noun-from-verb)
roniti (infinitive)
ronitъ (supine)
ronilъ (l-participle)
roňenъ (participle passive past)
ronimъ (participle passive present)
roňь (active participle past)
ronę (active participle present)
ronixъ (aorist first-person singular)
roni (aorist second-person singular)
roni (aorist singular third-person)
roňǫ (first-person present singular)
roniši (present second-person singular)
ronitь (present singular third-person)
ronixově (aorist dual first-person)
ronista (aorist dual second-person)
roniste (aorist dual third-person)
ronivě (dual first-person present)
ronita (dual present second-person)
ronite (dual present third-person)
ronixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
roniste (aorist plural second-person)
ronišę (aorist plural third-person)
ronimъ (first-person plural present)
ronite (plural present second-person)
ronętь (plural present third-person)
roňaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
roňaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
roňaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
roni (imperative second-person singular)
roni (imperative singular third-person)
roňaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
roňaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
roňaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
ronivě (dual first-person imperative)
ronita (dual imperative second-person)
roňaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
roňaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
roňaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
ronimъ (first-person imperative plural)
ronite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic

⇒ Old East Slavic: изронити (izroniti)

Belarusian: ронíць (ronícʹ)

Russian: рони́ть (ronítʹ), роня́ть (ronjátʹ)

Ukrainian: рони́ти (ronýty)

South Slavic

Bulgarian: ро́ня (rónja)

Macedonian: рони (roni)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ро̀нити

Latin script: ròniti

West Slavic

Czech: ronit

Polish: ronić

Slovak: roniť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: roniś

Upper Sorbian: ronić

Derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reyH- (“to move, set in motion, flow, stream, pour, rain”).


ščepati

ščepanьje (noun-from-verb)
ščepati (infinitive)
ščepatъ (supine)
ščepalъ (l-participle)
ščepanъ (participle passive past)
ščepľemъ (participle passive present)
ščepavъ (active participle past)
ščepľę (active participle present)
ščepaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
ščepa (aorist second-person singular)
ščepa (aorist singular third-person)
ščepľǫ (first-person present singular)
ščepľeši (present second-person singular)
ščepľetь (present singular third-person)
ščepaxově (aorist dual first-person)
ščepasta (aorist dual second-person)
ščepaste (aorist dual third-person)
ščepľevě (dual first-person present)
ščepľeta (dual present second-person)
ščepľete (dual present third-person)
ščepaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
ščepaste (aorist plural second-person)
ščepašę (aorist plural third-person)
ščepľemъ (first-person plural present)
ščepľete (plural present second-person)
ščepľǫtь (plural present third-person)
ščepaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
ščepaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
ščepaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
ščepľi (imperative second-person singular)
ščepľi (imperative singular third-person)
ščepaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
ščepaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
ščepaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
ščepľivě (dual first-person imperative)
ščepľita (dual imperative second-person)
ščepaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
ščepaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
ščepaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
ščepľimъ (first-person imperative plural)
ščepľite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: шчепа́ць (ščjepácʹ)

Russian: щепа́ть (ščepátʹ)

West Slavic

Old Polish: szczepać

Polish: szczepać (obsolete)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: šćěpaś

Upper Sorbian: šćěpać

From *ščepa + *-ati. Compare also *skopiti.


koriti

korìti (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
kořenьje (noun-from-verb)
koriti (infinitive)
koritъ (supine)
korilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
kořenъ (participle passive past)
korimъ (participle passive present)
kořь (active participle past)
korę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
korixъ (aorist first-person singular)
kori (aorist second-person singular)
kori (aorist singular third-person)
kořǫ (first-person present singular)
koriši (present second-person singular)
koritь (present singular third-person)
korixově (aorist dual first-person)
korista (aorist dual second-person)
koriste (aorist dual third-person)
korivě (dual first-person present)
korita (dual present second-person)
korite (dual present third-person)
korixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
koriste (aorist plural second-person)
korišę (aorist plural third-person)
korimъ (first-person plural present)
korite (plural present second-person)
korętь (plural present third-person)
kořaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kořaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kořaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kori (imperative second-person singular)
kori (imperative singular third-person)
kořaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kořaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kořaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
korivě (dual first-person imperative)
korita (dual imperative second-person)
kořaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kořaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kořaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
korimъ (first-person imperative plural)
korite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: корити (koriti)

Belarusian: кары́ць (karýcʹ)

Russian: кори́ть (korítʹ)

Ukrainian: кори́ти (korýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: корити (koriti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: коря́ (korjá)

Macedonian: кори (kori)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ко̀рити

Latin script: kòriti

Slovene: korīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kořiti

Czech: kořit

Polish: korzyć

Slovak: koriť

Slovincian: kôrzëc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: korić (usually pokorić)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kar-, from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂er-. Cognate with Lithuanian káirinti (“to provoke”) (with secondary ablaut), Latvian kaĩrinât, karinât (“to tease, to irritate”), Latin carināre (“to use abusive language”), Old High German harawēn (“to mock”), Ancient Greek κάρνη (kárnē, “damage, loss”) (Hesychius), Old Irish caire (“blame”).


drobiti

drobìti (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
drobľenьje (noun-from-verb)
drobiti (infinitive)
drobitъ (supine)
drobilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
drobľenъ (participle passive past)
drobimъ (participle passive present)
drobľь (active participle past)
drobę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
drobixъ (aorist first-person singular)
drobi (aorist second-person singular)
drobi (aorist singular third-person)
drobľǫ (first-person present singular)
drobiši (present second-person singular)
drobitь (present singular third-person)
drobixově (aorist dual first-person)
drobista (aorist dual second-person)
drobiste (aorist dual third-person)
drobivě (dual first-person present)
drobita (dual present second-person)
drobite (dual present third-person)
drobixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
drobiste (aorist plural second-person)
drobišę (aorist plural third-person)
drobimъ (first-person plural present)
drobite (plural present second-person)
drobętь (plural present third-person)
drobľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
drobľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
drobľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
drobi (imperative second-person singular)
drobi (imperative singular third-person)
drobľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
drobľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
drobľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
drobivě (dual first-person imperative)
drobita (dual imperative second-person)
drobľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
drobľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
drobľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
drobimъ (first-person imperative plural)
drobite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: дроби́ть (drobítʹ)

Ukrainian: дроби́ти (drobýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: дробити (drobiti)

Glagolitic script: ⰴⱃⱁⰱⰻⱅⰻ (drobiti)

Bulgarian: дробя́ (drobjá)

Macedonian: дроби (drobi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дро̀бити

Latin script: dròbiti

Slovene: drobīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: drobiti

Czech: drobit

Polish: drobić

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: drobic

Slovincian: drôbjic

Slovak: drobiť

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰreb- (“to grind; crush; kill”), attested only in Northern PIE (Germanic and Balto-Slavic), see also Lithuanian drėbti (“to strike”), Latvian drêbt (“to beat”).


stradati

stradanьje (noun-from-verb)
stradati (infinitive)
stradatъ (supine)
stradalъ (l-participle)
stradanъ (participle passive past)
stradajemъ (participle passive present)
stradavъ (active participle past)
stradaję (active participle present)
stradaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
strada (aorist second-person singular)
strada (aorist singular third-person)
stradajǫ (first-person present singular)
stradaješi (present second-person singular)
stradajetь (present singular third-person)
stradaxově (aorist dual first-person)
stradasta (aorist dual second-person)
stradaste (aorist dual third-person)
stradajevě (dual first-person present)
stradajeta (dual present second-person)
stradajete (dual present third-person)
stradaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
stradaste (aorist plural second-person)
stradašę (aorist plural third-person)
stradajemъ (first-person plural present)
stradajete (plural present second-person)
stradajǫtь (plural present third-person)
stradaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
stradaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
stradaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
stradaji (imperative second-person singular)
stradaji (imperative singular third-person)
stradaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
stradaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
stradaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
stradajivě (dual first-person imperative)
stradajita (dual imperative second-person)
stradaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
stradaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
stradaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
stradajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
stradajite (imperative plural second-person)
stradanьje (noun-from-verb)
stradati (infinitive)
stradatъ (supine)
stradalъ (l-participle)
stradanъ (participle passive past)
straďemъ (participle passive present)
stradavъ (active participle past)
straďę (active participle present)
stradaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
strada (aorist second-person singular)
strada (aorist singular third-person)
straďǫ (first-person present singular)
straďeši (present second-person singular)
straďetь (present singular third-person)
stradaxově (aorist dual first-person)
stradasta (aorist dual second-person)
stradaste (aorist dual third-person)
straďevě (dual first-person present)
straďeta (dual present second-person)
straďete (dual present third-person)
stradaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
stradaste (aorist plural second-person)
stradašę (aorist plural third-person)
straďemъ (first-person plural present)
straďete (plural present second-person)
straďǫtь (plural present third-person)
stradaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
stradaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
stradaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
straďi (imperative second-person singular)
straďi (imperative singular third-person)
stradaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
stradaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
stradaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
straďivě (dual first-person imperative)
straďita (dual imperative second-person)
stradaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
stradaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
stradaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
straďimъ (first-person imperative plural)
straďite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic

Old East Slavic: страдати (stradati)

Russian: страда́ть (stradátʹ) (see there for further descendants)

Ukrainian: страда́ти (stradáty)

⇒ Ukrainian: стражда́ти (straždáty)

South Slavic

desc

Old Church Slavonic: страдати (stradati)

Bulgarian: стра́дам (strádam)

Macedonian: страда (strada)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: стра́дати

Latin script: strádati

Slovene: strádati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic

Old Czech: strádati

Czech: strádat

desctree

Old Polish: stradać
Polish: (obsolete) stradać

Slovak: strádať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: tšadaś

Upper Sorbian: tradać

Non-Slavic

→ Latvian: strādāt

→ Romanian: strădui

(transitive, intransitive) to bear, to endure, to suffer


obuvati

obuvanьje (noun-from-verb)
obuvati (infinitive)
obuvatъ (supine)
obuvalъ (l-participle)
obuvanъ (participle passive past)
obuvajemъ (participle passive present)
obuvavъ (active participle past)
obuvaję (active participle present)
obuvaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
obuva (aorist second-person singular)
obuva (aorist singular third-person)
obuvajǫ (first-person present singular)
obuvaješi (present second-person singular)
obuvajetь (present singular third-person)
obuvaxově (aorist dual first-person)
obuvasta (aorist dual second-person)
obuvaste (aorist dual third-person)
obuvajevě (dual first-person present)
obuvajeta (dual present second-person)
obuvajete (dual present third-person)
obuvaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
obuvaste (aorist plural second-person)
obuvašę (aorist plural third-person)
obuvajemъ (first-person plural present)
obuvajete (plural present second-person)
obuvajǫtь (plural present third-person)
obuvaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
obuvaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
obuvaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
obuvaji (imperative second-person singular)
obuvaji (imperative singular third-person)
obuvaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
obuvaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
obuvaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
obuvajivě (dual first-person imperative)
obuvajita (dual imperative second-person)
obuvaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
obuvaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
obuvaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
obuvajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
obuvajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: обувати (obuvati)

Old Ruthenian: обувати (obuvati)

Belarusian: абува́ць (abuvácʹ)

Ukrainian: обува́ти (obuváty)

Russian: обува́ть (obuvátʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: обувати (obuvati)

Glagolitic script: ⱁⰱⱆⰲⰰⱅⰻ (obuvati)

Bulgarian: обу́вам (obúvam)

Macedonian: обува (obuva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: обу́вати

Latin script: obúvati

Slovene: obúvati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: obúvati

Czech: obouvat

Old Polish: obuwać

Polish: obuwać (archaic)

Slovincian: wôbúwac

Slovak: obúvať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wobuwać

Lower Sorbian: wobuwaś