do

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: до (do)
Old Ruthenian: до (do)
Belarusian: да (da)
Carpathian Rusyn: до (do)
Ukrainian: до (do)
Russian: до (do)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: до (do)

Glagolitic script: ⰴⱁ (do)

Bulgarian: до (do)

Macedonian: до (do)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: до̏

Latin script: dȍ

Slovene: do (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: do
Czech: do

Old Polish: do
Polish: do
Silesian: do

Slovak: do

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: do

Slovincian: dô

Polabian: dü

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: do

Upper Sorbian: do

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *da, from Proto-Indo-European *de. Cognate with Latvian da, dialectal Lithuanian da-, Proto-Germanic *tō.

(with genitive) before, by (a certain time), not later than


u

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: у (u)
Old Ruthenian: у (u)
Belarusian: у (u)
Carpathian Rusyn: у (u)
Ukrainian: у (u)
Russian: у (u)

Old Novgorodian: оу (u)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: оу (u)

Bulgarian: у (u)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: у

Latin script: u

Slovene: u

West Slavic:

Old Czech: u
Czech: u

Old Polish: u
Polish: u
Silesian: u

Slovak: u

Polabian: ai̯, au̯

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: ù

Slovincian: wù

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wu

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *au, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew. Cognate with Lithuanian au-.


po

East Slavic:

Belarusian: по (po), па (pa)

Russian: по (po)

Carpathian Rusyn: по (po)

Ukrainian: по (po)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: по (po)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⱁ (po)

Bulgarian: по (po)

Macedonian: по (po)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: по

Latin script: po

Slovene: po (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: po
Czech: po

Old Polish: po
Polish: po
Silesian: po

Slovak: po

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: pò, pó

Slovincian: pô

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: po

Lower Sorbian: pó

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pa, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂pó. Balto-Slavic cognates include Latvian pa, Lithuanian pa-, Old Prussian pa-, po-.
Indo-European cognates include Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀢 (a-pu), Sanskrit अप- (ápa-, “away, off”), Latin ab (“from”), Old Persian 𐎠𐎱 (apa, “away”), Proto-Germanic *ab (“away from”).
Another variant of the preposition (likely descending from pre-Slavic *pós) has been used to form the adverbs Proto-Slavic *pozdě (“lately”) and Proto-Slavic *poslě (“afterwards”).


East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: на (na)

Belarusian: на (na)

Russian: на (na)

Carpathian Rusyn: на (na)

Ukrainian: на (na)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: на (na)

Glagolitic script: ⱀⰰ (na)

Bulgarian: на (na)

Macedonian: на (na)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: на

Latin script: na

Slovene: na (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: na
Czech: na

Old Polish: na
Polish: na
Silesian: na

Slovak: na

Polabian: no

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: na

Slovincian: na

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: na

Lower Sorbian: na


per

West Slavic:

Old Polish: prze ?

Polish: prze

Slovak: pre

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: pře

Lower Sorbian: pśe

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *per, from Proto-Indo-European *per-.
Baltic cognates include
Lithuanian per̃, par,
Latvian par, pãr,
Old Prussian per,
Indo-European cognates include
Sanskrit परि (pári),
Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌 (paⁱri),
Ancient Greek πέρι (péri), περὶ (perì),
Latin per


okolo

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: около (okolo)

Russian: о́коло (ókolo)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: о́коло (ókolo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̏коло

Latin script: ȍkolo

Slovene: okȏli (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: òkòło

Old Czech: okolo

Czech: okolo

Old Polish: około
Polish: około
Silesian: ôkoło

Old Slovak: okolo

Slovak: okolo

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wokoło

Lower Sorbian: wokoło


pro

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: про (pro)

Belarusian: про (pro)

Russian: про (pro)

Carpathian Rusyn: про (pro)

Ukrainian: про (pro)

West Slavic:

Czech: pro

Kashubian: pro

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pra, from Proto-Indo-European *pró.
Cognate with Old Prussian pra, pro, Ancient Greek πρό (pró), Sanskrit प्र (prá).


za

East Slavic:

Old Ruthenian: за (za)

Belarusian: за (za)

Carpathian Rusyn: за (za)

Ukrainian: за (za)

Russian: за (za)

Old Novgorodian: ꙁа (za)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: за (za)

Glagolitic script: ⰸⰰ (za)

Bulgarian: за (za)

Macedonian: за (za), зад (zad)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: за

Latin script: za

Slovene: za (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: za
Czech: za

Old Polish: za
Polish: za
Silesian: za

Slovak: za

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: za, zó

Slovincian: za

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: za

Lower Sorbian: za

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *źō, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰō (“behind, under, out of, because of”), itself perhaps a pronominal instrumental form from the *gʰe, *gʰo. Cognate with East Lithuanian аžù (аž before vowels) from *аžúо (“behind”), dial. Latvian аz, âz alongside with àiz- (“behind, beyond”).

inh

(+instrumental) behind, after (stationary)

(+accusative) for, in exchange for, for the purpose of, in favour of


pri

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: при (pri)

Belarusian: пры (pry)

Russian: при (pri)

Ukrainian: при (pry)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: при (pri)

Glagolitic: ⱂⱃⰻ (pri)

Bulgarian: при (pri)

Macedonian: при (pri)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: при

Latin script: pri

Slovene: pri (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: při
Czech: při

desctree

Old Polish: przy
Polish: przy
Silesian: przi

Slovak: pri

Polabian: prei

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: przë

Slovincian: przë

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: při

Lower Sorbian: pśi

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *prei, from Proto-Indo-European *préy.


mimo

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мимо (mimo)

desc

Old Ruthenian: ми́мо (mímo), мы́мо (mýmo)

Belarusian: мі́ма (míma); мі́мо (mímo) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: ми́мо (mýmo)

Russian: ми́мо (mímo)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: мимо (mimo)

Glagolitic script: ⰿⰺⰿⱁ (mimo)

Bulgarian: ми́мо (mímo) (obsolete)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мимо, ми̏мо

Latin script: mimo, mȉmo

Slovene: mȋmo, mȇmo; mȋm (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mimo
Czech: mimo

desctree

Old Polish: mimo
Polish: mimo
Silesian: mimo

Old Slovak: mimo
Slovak: mimo

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: mimò

Polabian: maimü

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: mimo

Upper Sorbian: nimo


meďu

East Slavic:

desc

Belarusian: між (miž), памі́ж (pamíž), про́меж (prómjež)

Russian: меж (mež), межу (mežu) (dialectal or obsolete), проме́ж (proméž)

Carpathian Rusyn: меж (mež), межи (mežy), змежи (zmežy), помежи (pomežy), спомежи (spomežy), испомежи (yspomežy)

Ukrainian: між (miž), меж (mež) (dialectal), ме́жи́ (méžý), по́між (pómiž, “in a row, near”) (dialectal), помі́ж (pomíž), поме́жи (poméžy), про́між (prómiž)

Ukrainian: з-між (z-miž), з-по́між (z-pómiž), з-промі́ж (z-promíž)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: междоу (meždu), междю (meždju)

→ Russian: ме́жду (méždu), проме́жду (proméždu)

Bulgarian: между́ (meždú)

Macedonian: меѓу (meǵu)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ме̏ђу

Latin script: mȅđu

Slovene: med

Fossilized from the locative dual of *meďa (“border; boundary”); literally, "in the (two) borders".


nadъ

East Slavic:

Belarusian: над (nad)

Russian: над (nad)

Ukrainian: над (nad)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: надъ (nadŭ)

Bulgarian: над (nad)

Macedonian: над (nad)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: на̏д

Latin script: nȁd

Slovene: nad (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: nad
Czech: nad

desctree

Old Polish: nad
Polish: nad
Silesian: nad

Slovak: nad

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: nad, nód

Slovincian: nad

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: nad

Upper Sorbian: nad

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *nōda, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂nō-dʰh₁-o-m. The first part of the compound is directly reflected in *na (“on”), and for the second part compare a similarly constructed preposition *podъ. *dʰh₁o- represents a root noun of the verb *dʰeh₁- (“to do, put, place”), whence also *děti.

(with instrumental) over, above (stationary)

(with accusative) over, above (motion to)


bez(ъ)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: безъ (bezŭ)

Old Ruthenian: безъ (bez)

Belarusian: без (bjez)

Carpathian Rusyn: без (bez)

Ukrainian: без (bez)

Russian: без (bez)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: без (bez)

Glagolitic script: ⰱⰵⰸ (bez)

Bulgarian: без (bez)

Macedonian: без (bez)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бѐз

Latin script: bèz

Slovene: brez (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: bez

Czech: bez

Bohemian (Chod dialect): bez

Kashubian: bez

Old Polish: bez
Polish: bez
Silesian: bez

Slovak: bez

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: bjez

Lower Sorbian: bźez

Continues Proto-Balto-Slavic *beź, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰe (instrumental particle) + Proto-Indo-European *-ǵʰs (“out”). Cognate with Lithuanian bè, Latvian bez, Old Prussian bhe, and likely Sanskrit बहिस् (bahís, “outside”). The first element is probably the same as that in Proto-Slavic *bo (“for”), Lithuanian bà (“really”), Ancient Greek φή (phḗ, “like, as”), Avestan 𐬠𐬁 (bā, “indeed”).


vъ(n)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: въ (vŭ), у (u), и (i)
Old Ruthenian: въ (v)
Belarusian: у (u), ў (ŭ)
Carpathian Rusyn: в (v), у (u)
Ukrainian: у (u), в (v)
Russian: в (v)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: въ (vŭ)

Bulgarian: в (v)

Macedonian: во (vo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: у

Latin script: u

Slovene: v

West Slavic:

Old Czech: v

Czech: v

Old Polish: w
Polish: w
Silesian: w

Slovak: v

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: w

Slovincian: w

Polabian: vå

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: w

Lower Sorbian: w

PIE word
 *h₁en
Either:
* From Proto-Balto-Slavic *in, from the zero-grade *h₁n̥ of Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).
*: Cognate with Lithuanian į, in (Eastern dialects), Old Prussian en.
* From Proto-Balto-Slavic [Term?], from o-grade *h₁ón of Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).
*: Cognate with Latvian iekša (ie-kša), Ancient Greek ἐν (en) / ἐνί (ení, “in, within”), Proto-Italic *en (“in”), Proto-Celtic *eni / *en (“in”), Proto-Germanic *in (“in”).
Often assumed to come from the zero-grade. However there are no secure examples of *n̥ > Balto-Slavic *un (other examples like *sъto (often considered to be an Iranian borrowing) are all riddled with difficulties and unreliable), and the o-grade *h₁ón can be posited instead. See also *mъnogъ, *vъnukъ, *vъnъ, *vъtorъ and *kъ(n), *gъnati, *gъrnъ, *gъrdlo, *kъrma, *dǫti/*dъmǫ.

(+ locative) in, inside, within (stationary)

(+ accusative) in, into, inside (motion to)

(+ locative) in, during (a period of time)


jьz

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: из (iz), изъ (izŭ)

Old Ruthenian: изъ (iz), исъ (is)

Belarusian: з (z), зо (zo)

Carpathian Rusyn: из (yz)

Ukrainian: з (z), із (iz)

Russian: из (iz), изо (izo)

desc

Old Novgorodian: иꙁ (iz), иꙁъ (izŭ), иꙁо (izo)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: из (iz), изъ (izŭ)

Bulgarian: из (iz)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: из

Latin script: iz

Slovene: iz (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: z
Czech: z

Old Polish: z
Polish: z
Silesian: z

Slovak: z, zo

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: z

Slovincian: sê

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: z, ze

Lower Sorbian: z, ze

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *iź, *iś, from Proto-Indo-European *eḱs, *eǵʰs, *h₁eǵʰs (“out of”). Cognates with Lithuanian iš (dialectally iž), Latvian iz, Old Prussian is.


podъ

East Slavic:

Belarusian: пад (pad), па́да (páda)

Russian: под (pod), по́до (pódo)

Carpathian Rusyn: пуд (pud), пӱд (püd), попуд (popud), попӱд (popüd)

Ukrainian: під (pid), пі́ді (pídi), пі́до (pído)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: подъ (podŭ)

Bulgarian: под (pod)

Macedonian: под (pod)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: по̏д

Latin script: pȍd

Slovene: pȍd (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: pod
Czech: pod

desctree

Old Polish: pod
Polish: pod
Silesian: pod

Slovak: pod

Pomeranian:

Polabian: püd

Kashubian: pòd, pòde

Slovincian: pôd

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: pod

Lower Sorbian: pód

(with instrumental) under, below, beneath (stationary)

(with accusative) under, below, beneath (motion to)


perdъ

East Slavic:

Belarusian: пе́рад (pjérad)

Russian: пе́ред (péred)

Ukrainian: пе́ред (péred)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: прѣдъ (prědŭ)

→ Russian: пред (pred)

→ Ukrainian: пред (pred)

Bulgarian: пред (pred)

Macedonian: пред (pred)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пре̏д

Latin script: prȅd

Slovene: pred (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: přěd
Czech: před

Old Polish: przed
Polish: przed
Silesian: przed

Slovak: pred

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: przed

Slovincian: przêd

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pśed

Upper Sorbian: před

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *perd-, from Proto-Indo-European *per-.

(with instrumental) before, in front of (stationary)

(with accusative) before, in front of (motion to)


sъ(n)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: з (z), са (sa)

Russian: с (s), со (so)

Carpathian Rusyn: з (z), из (yz)

i

Ukrainian: з (z), із (iz), зі (zi); зо (zo) (dialectal, pronunciational version of "зі" after a pause)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: съ (sŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱏ (sŭ)

Bulgarian: с (s), със (sǎs)

Macedonian: со (so)

Serbo-Croatian::

Cyrillic script: с, са

Latin script: s, sa

Slovene: s, z (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: s

Czech: s

Old Polish: z
Polish: z
Silesian: z

Slovak: s, so

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: z

Slovincian: sê

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: z

Lower Sorbian: z

From either Proto-Indo-European *sm̥- (“one, same”) in which case inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *san and cognate with Latvian sa-, Lithuanian su, or from Proto-Indo-European *ḱom (“with”).
Etymologically identical to the nominal prefix Proto-Slavic *sǫ-. The difference in development is because of the looser juncture between early Proto-Slavic verbs and preverbs: thus, preverbal *sun was subject to Slavic Auslautgesetze. A similar situation is found in modern German. Not to be confused with Proto-Slavic *sъ- (“good”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-.

(with instrumental) with, accompanying, alongside

(with instrumental) with, by means of, using


kъ(n)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: къ (kŭ), ко (ko), кꙋ (ku)

Belarusian: к (k)

Russian: к (k), ко (ko)

Old Ukrainian: ик (ik), икъ (ik), ико (iko), икь (ikʹ), ко (ko), коу (ku), къ (k), кь (kʹ), кы (ky), кг (g)

Ukrainian: к (k), ік (ik), ґ (g), іґ (ig)

Old Novgorodian: ко (ko)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: къ (kŭ)

Bulgarian: към (kǎm)

Macedonian: кон (kon)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: к, ка

Latin script: k, ka

Slovene: k, h

West Slavic:

Old Czech: k

Czech: k, ke, ku

Kashubian: kù

Old Polish: ku
Polish: ku
Silesian: ku

Old Slovak: k, ku

Pannonian Rusyn: ґу (gu)

Slovak: k, ku

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: k

Lower Sorbian: k

From Proto-Indo-European *kom or *ku, *kʷom. Compare Sogdian [script needed] (kw/ku, “to”), Sanskrit कम् (kám, postposition, after datives), Avestan 𐬐𐬄𐬨 (kąm, “for the sake of”). Also compare Old Latin quom (“with”), Latin cum, com-, con-, co-, cum-, Oscan com-, kúm, com-, co-, ku-, Old Irish co-, com- (“with”), Gaulish com-, co-. But usually they are derived from Proto-Indo-European *ḱom. Following Pokorny, Matasović compares Proto-Celtic *kʷo (“to”), whence Old Irish co and Welsh py, pwy (“to”), and reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *kʷo (“to”).


o(b)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: о (o), ѡ (o)
Old Ruthenian: о (o)
Carpathian Rusyn: о (o)
Ukrainian: о (o)
Russian: о (o)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: о (o)

Bulgarian: о (o)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о

Latin script: o

Slovene: ȍ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: o, ob

Old Polish: o
Polish: o
Silesian: ô

Slovak: o, ob

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: ò, ó

Slovincian: wô

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wó

Upper Sorbian: wó

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: объ (obŭ), об (ob), ѡб (ob)
Old Ruthenian: объ (ob)
Belarusian: аб (ab)
Carpathian Rusyn: об (ob)
Ukrainian: об (ob)
Russian: об (ob)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: объ (obŭ), об (ob)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: об (regional)

Latin script: ob (regional)

Slovene: ȍb (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: ob

Kashubian: òb, òbe

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wob

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ab, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi.
See also:
* *h₂m̥bʰi (“around”)
* *h₁epi/*h₁opi: Lithuanian ap(y)-, apýilgis, aprangà, Latin ob-, oblongus (: *odьlgъ, *orǫga)


otъ

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: отъ (otŭ), ѿ (otŭ)

Old Ruthenian: отъ (ot), ото (oto)

Belarusian: ад (ad), ада (ada)

Carpathian Rusyn: вуд (vud)

Ukrainian: від (vid)

Russian: от (ot), ото (oto)

Old Novgorodian: ѿ (otŭ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: отъ (otŭ)

Old Cyrillic script: отъ (otŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱁⱅⱏ (otŭ)

Bulgarian: от (ot)

Macedonian: од (od)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̏д

Latin script: ȍd

Slovene: od (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: ot

Czech: od

Old Polish: od
Polish: od
Silesian: ôd

Slovak: od, odo

Polabian: vit

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: òd

Slovincian: wôd

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wot, wote

Lower Sorbian: wót, wóte

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ati (as a prefix: *at-), probably from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óti, o-grade variant of *h₁éti (“beyond, further; also”), or alternatively from *h₂éti (“but”). Cognate with Lithuanian at- (“back, away”), Latvian at- (“back away”), Old Prussian at-, et- (“back, away”) (the latter from an apparent variant *et-).

(with genitive) originating from, starting from (a place or time), since

(with genitive) of, made of, consisting of

(with genitive) by (in passive; by the action of)


perz

Church Slavonic: прѣзъ (prězŭ) (Russian, Serbo-Croatian)

desc

→ Old East Slavic: прѣзъ (prězŭ), презъ (prezŭ)

Belarusian: праз (praz)

Ukrainian: през (prez)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: перезъ (perezŭ)

Russian: dial. пе́рез (pérez)

Ukrainian: пе́рез (pérez)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: през (prez)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: dial. през

Latin: dial. prez

West Slavic:

Old Czech: přěs

Czech: přez, přes

desctree

Old Polish: przez
Polish: przez
Silesian: przez

Slovak: prez

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: przez

Slovincian: przêz

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: přez

Lower Sorbian: pśez

From *per- + *-z by analogy of other prepositions (e.g. *bez, *jьz). Less likely comparison of -z with Lithuanian -gi : iñ-gi, iñ-g, núo-g(i) (“from”).


vъz

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: въз (vŭz)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: въз (vŭz), възъ (vŭzŭ)

Bulgarian: въз (vǎz), воз (voz) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: уз

Latin script: uz

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vz

Old Polish: wz

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *uź, cognate with Lithuanian už, Latvian uz. Further etymology is disputed. Derksen tries to derive from a proto-form *ups, but fails to see how it could account for the Baltic facts. Snoj considers relation to Proto-Indo-European *úd(s) (“out”), which otherwise yields Proto-Slavic *vy-. Compare Proto-Germanic *uz.


děľa

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дѣлꙗ (dělja)

Belarusian: для (dlja), дзеле (dzjelje)

Russian: для (dlja)

Ukrainian: для (dlja), ді́ля (dílja) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: дѣлꙗ (dělja)

Glagolitic script: ⰴⱑⰾⰻⰰ (dělia)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дијел, диљ (archaic)

Latin script: dijel, dilja (Croatian)

Slovene: dẹ̑lj

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dle

Czech: dle

desctree

Old Polish: dla
Polish: dla
Silesian: dlŏ

Slovak: dľa

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: dlô

Slovincian: dlo

Connected with *dělo. Possibly influenced by *dьliti. Baltic cognates include Latvian dēļ, Lithuanian dė̃l (both possibly borrowings from Slavic).


čersъ

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: чересъ (čeresŭ), черосъ (čerosŭ), черезъ (čerezŭ)

Belarusian: чэраз (čeraz), це́раз (cjéraz)

Russian: че́рез (čérez)

Ukrainian: через (čerez)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: чрѣсъ (črěsŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱍⱃⱑⱄⱏ (črěsŭ)

Serbo-Croatian: (archaic)

Cyrillic script: чре̏з

Latin script: črȅz

Slovene: črez

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *(s)kersas, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kert-. Cognate with Latvian šķērss (“transverse, cross”), Lithuanian sker̃sas (“transverse, cross”), Old Prussian kērscha, kirscha (“transverse, cross”).

cog

čerzъ

later form, influenced by words like *vъz, *jьz


nizъ

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: низъ (nizŭ)

Old Ruthenian: низъ (niz)

Belarusian: ніз (niz)

Ukrainian: низ (nyz)

Russian: низ (niz)

Old Novgorodian: ниꙁе (nize)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: низъ (nizŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱀⰻⰸⱏ (nizŭ)

Bulgarian: низ- (niz-)

Macedonian: низ (niz)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: низ

Latin script: niz

Slovene: niz

West Slavic:

Czech: niz

Polish: niż

From Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)ni- (“down”), from *h₁én. Indo-European cognates include Old Armenian նի- (ni-), Proto-Indo-Iranian *ní.


protivъ

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: противъ (protivŭ)

desc

Belarusian: про́ці (próci), прэ̀цi (prèci)

Russian: про́тив (prótiv)

Ukrainian: про́ти (próty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: противъ (protivŭ)

Bulgarian: проти́в (protív)

Macedonian: против (protiv)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: про̏тив

Latin script: prȍtiv

Slovene: prọ̑ti

West Slavic:

Old Czech: protiv

Czech: proti

Kashubian: przecyw

desctree

Old Polish: przeciw
Polish: przeciw
Silesian: przeciw

Old Slovak: prociv, proti, protiv

desc

Pannonian Rusyn: проци (proci), процив (prociv)

Slovak: proti

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pśeśiwo

Upper Sorbian: přećiwo

Derived from Proto-Indo-European *pr-é-ti, *pr-ó-ti, from *per- (“in front, first”). Compare Latvian pretējs.


meďi

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: межи (meži)

⇒ Old Novgorodian: промежи (promeži)

West Slavic:

Czech: mezi

Kashubian: medzë, midzë

desctree

Old Polish: miedzy
Polish: między
Silesian: miyndzy

Slovak: medzi

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: mjazy

Upper Sorbian: mjez, mjezy

Fossilized from either the locative singular or accusative dual of *meďa (“border; boundary”). Compare *meďu which continues locative dual.

(North Slavic) between, among [with instrumental]


jьz za

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: из за (iz za), изъ за (izŭ za)

Old Ruthenian: зъ-за (z-za), и́зъ-за (íz-za)

Belarusian: з-за (z-za)

Carpathian Rusyn: зза (zza), и́зза (ýzza)

Ukrainian: з-за (z-za); зоза (zoza) (dialectal)

Russian: и́з-за (íz-za)

Old Novgorodian: иꙁ ꙁа (iz za), иꙁъ ꙁа (izŭ za)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Bulgarian: изза̀д (izzàd)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: иза

Latin script: iza

Slovene: izza (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: zza

Slovincian: sêza

Polish: zza

Silesian: zza