See xъlmъ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "хълмъ",
"3": "хълъмъ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: хълмъ (xŭlmŭ), хълъмъ (xŭlŭmŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: хълмъ (xŭlmŭ), хълъмъ (xŭlŭmŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "холм",
"3": "холо́м"
},
"expansion": "Russian: холм (xolm), холо́м (xolóm)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "Russian: холм (xolm), холо́м (xolóm) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "холм"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: холм (xolm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: холм (xolm)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "хлъмъ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: хлъмъ (xlŭmŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: хлъмъ (xlŭmŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ⱒⰾⱏⰿⱏ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⱒⰾⱏⰿⱏ (xlŭmŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic script: ⱒⰾⱏⰿⱏ (xlŭmŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "хълм"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: хълм (hǎlm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: хълм (hǎlm)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ху̑м",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: ху̑м",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: ху̑м"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "hȗm",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: hȗm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: hȗm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "họ́lm",
"bor": "",
"der": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: họ́lm",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "họ́lm",
"2": "họ̑lm"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: họ́lm, họ̑lm (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: họ́lm, họ̑lm (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "chlm",
"3": "chlum"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: chlm, chlum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: chlm, chlum"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "chlum"
},
"expansion": "Czech: chlum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: chlum"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "chełm",
"3": "Chełm",
"4": "Chełmno"
},
"expansion": "Polish: chełm, Chełm, Chełmno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: chełm, Chełm, Chełmno"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "chlm"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: chlm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: chlm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "chółm"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: chółm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: chółm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "chołm"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: chołm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: chołm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Non-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "halom",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hungarian: halom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hungarian: halom"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "gem"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hulmaz",
"t": "small island, hill, mound"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hulmaz (“small island, hill, mound”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kelH-",
"t": "lift"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kelH- (“lift”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a Germanic language; compare Proto-Germanic *hulmaz (“small island, hill, mound”). The exact donor language cannot be specified - some form of Germanic that had not undergone the a-umlaut, possibly Langobardic or Gothic.\nThe Germanic word further reflects Proto-Indo-European *kelH- (“lift”), whence also *čelo (“forehead”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xъ̃lmъ",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "b",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "xъ̃lmъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xъlmà",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "xъlmì",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xъlmà",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xъlmù",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "xъ̃lmъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xъlmù",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xъlmòma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "xъlmòmъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xъ̃lmъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xъlmà",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "xъlmỳ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xъlmъ̀mь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xъlmòmь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xъlmòma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "xъ̃lmy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xъlmě̀",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xъlmù",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "xъ̃lměxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xъlme",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xъlmà",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xъlmì",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xъ̃lmъ",
"ap": "b"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xъlmъ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hill"
],
"id": "en-xъlmъ-sla-pro-noun-93~Lsh3e",
"links": [
[
"hill",
"hill"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oleg Trubachyov"
]
}
],
"word": "xъlmъ"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "хълмъ",
"3": "хълъмъ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: хълмъ (xŭlmŭ), хълъмъ (xŭlŭmŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: хълмъ (xŭlmŭ), хълъмъ (xŭlŭmŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "холм",
"3": "холо́м"
},
"expansion": "Russian: холм (xolm), холо́м (xolóm)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "Russian: холм (xolm), холо́м (xolóm) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "холм"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: холм (xolm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: холм (xolm)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "хлъмъ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: хлъмъ (xlŭmŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: хлъмъ (xlŭmŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ⱒⰾⱏⰿⱏ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⱒⰾⱏⰿⱏ (xlŭmŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic script: ⱒⰾⱏⰿⱏ (xlŭmŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "хълм"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: хълм (hǎlm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: хълм (hǎlm)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ху̑м",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: ху̑м",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: ху̑м"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "hȗm",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: hȗm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: hȗm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "họ́lm",
"bor": "",
"der": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: họ́lm",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "họ́lm",
"2": "họ̑lm"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: họ́lm, họ̑lm (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: họ́lm, họ̑lm (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "chlm",
"3": "chlum"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: chlm, chlum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: chlm, chlum"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "chlum"
},
"expansion": "Czech: chlum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: chlum"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "chełm",
"3": "Chełm",
"4": "Chełmno"
},
"expansion": "Polish: chełm, Chełm, Chełmno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: chełm, Chełm, Chełmno"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "chlm"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: chlm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: chlm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "chółm"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: chółm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: chółm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "chołm"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: chołm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: chołm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Non-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "halom",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hungarian: halom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hungarian: halom"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "gem"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hulmaz",
"t": "small island, hill, mound"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hulmaz (“small island, hill, mound”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kelH-",
"t": "lift"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kelH- (“lift”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a Germanic language; compare Proto-Germanic *hulmaz (“small island, hill, mound”). The exact donor language cannot be specified - some form of Germanic that had not undergone the a-umlaut, possibly Langobardic or Gothic.\nThe Germanic word further reflects Proto-Indo-European *kelH- (“lift”), whence also *čelo (“forehead”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "xъ̃lmъ",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "b",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "xъ̃lmъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xъlmà",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "xъlmì",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xъlmà",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xъlmù",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "xъ̃lmъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xъlmù",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xъlmòma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "xъlmòmъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xъ̃lmъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xъlmà",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "xъlmỳ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xъlmъ̀mь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xъlmòmь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xъlmòma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "xъ̃lmy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xъlmě̀",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xъlmù",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "xъ̃lměxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xъlme",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xъlmà",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xъlmì",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xъ̃lmъ",
"ap": "b"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xъlmъ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic hard masculine o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Germanic languages",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"sla-pro:Landforms"
],
"glosses": [
"hill"
],
"links": [
[
"hill",
"hill"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oleg Trubachyov"
]
}
],
"word": "xъlmъ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for xъlmъ meaning in Proto-Slavic (7.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (d6bf104 and a5af179). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.