See xolpъ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "холопъ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: холопъ (xolopŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: холопъ (xolopŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "хало́п"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: хало́п (xalóp)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: хало́п (xalóp)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "холо́п"
},
"expansion": "Russian: холо́п (xolóp)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: холо́п (xolóp)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "холо́п"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: холо́п (xolóp)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: холо́п (xolóp)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "хлапъ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: хлапъ (xlapŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: хлапъ (xlapŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "хлапа́к",
"3": "хлапе́",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Bulgarian: хлапа́к (hlapák), хлапе́ (hlapé)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Bulgarian: хлапа́к (hlapák), хлапе́ (hlapé)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "хла̏п",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: хла̏п",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: хла̏п"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "hlȃp",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: hlȃp",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: hlȃp"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "hlȃp",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: hlȃp",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hlȃp"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: hlȃp (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: hlȃp (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "chlap"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: chlap, chłap (alternative writing)\nCzech: chlap",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: chlap, chłap (alternative writing)\nCzech: chlap"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "chłop"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: chłop\nPolish: chłop\nSilesian: chop, chłop (Southern Silesian)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: chłop\nPolish: chłop\nSilesian: chop, chłop (Southern Silesian)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rsk",
"2": "хлоп"
},
"expansion": "Pannonian Rusyn: хлоп (xlop)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pannonian Rusyn: хлоп (xlop)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "chlap"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: chlap",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: chlap"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Pomeranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "chłop"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: chłop",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: chłop"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "chlôp"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: chlôp",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: chlôp"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "kłopc",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Lower Sorbian: kłopc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Lower Sorbian: kłopc"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "khłop"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: khłop",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: khłop"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Non-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kаl̃рs",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latvian: kаl̃рs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latvian: kаl̃рs"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌱𐍃",
"3": "",
"4": "half"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌱𐍃 (halbs, “half”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*xolkъ and *xolstъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xolkъ and *xolstъ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "šel̃pti",
"3": "",
"4": "to help"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian šel̃pti (“to help”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌹𐌻𐍀𐌰𐌽",
"3": "",
"4": "to help"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐍀𐌰𐌽 (hilpan, “to help”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκόλοψ",
"3": "",
"4": "pale, stake"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σκόλοψ (skólops, “pale, stake”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Schalk",
"3": "",
"4": "joker, rogue"
},
"expansion": "German Schalk (“joker, rogue”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "sil̃pti",
"3": "",
"4": "to weaken"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian sil̃pti (“to weaken”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Has been compared with Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌱𐍃 (halbs, “half”), if so then related to Proto-Slavic *xolkъ and *xolstъ. Alternatively akin to Lithuanian šel̃pti (“to help”) and Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐍀𐌰𐌽 (hilpan, “to help”). Has also been compared with Ancient Greek σκόλοψ (skólops, “pale, stake”), German Schalk (“joker, rogue”) and Lithuanian sil̃pti (“to weaken”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "xolpъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xòlpa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "xòlpi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xòlpa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xòlpu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "xòlpъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xòlpu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xòlpoma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "xòlpomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xolpъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xòlpa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "xòlpy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xòlpъmь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xòlpomь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xòlpoma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "xòlpȳ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xòlpě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xòlpu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "xòlpě̄xъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xòlpe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xòlpa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xòlpi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xolpъ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bondman, serf, peasant"
],
"id": "en-xolpъ-sla-pro-noun-ES5OefRM",
"links": [
[
"bondman",
"bondman"
],
[
"serf",
"serf"
],
[
"peasant",
"peasant"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "xolpъ"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "холопъ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: холопъ (xolopŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: холопъ (xolopŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "хало́п"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: хало́п (xalóp)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: хало́п (xalóp)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "холо́п"
},
"expansion": "Russian: холо́п (xolóp)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: холо́п (xolóp)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "холо́п"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: холо́п (xolóp)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: холо́п (xolóp)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "хлапъ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: хлапъ (xlapŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: хлапъ (xlapŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "хлапа́к",
"3": "хлапе́",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Bulgarian: хлапа́к (hlapák), хлапе́ (hlapé)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Bulgarian: хлапа́к (hlapák), хлапе́ (hlapé)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "хла̏п",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: хла̏п",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: хла̏п"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "hlȃp",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: hlȃp",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: hlȃp"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "hlȃp",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: hlȃp",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hlȃp"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: hlȃp (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: hlȃp (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "chlap"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: chlap, chłap (alternative writing)\nCzech: chlap",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: chlap, chłap (alternative writing)\nCzech: chlap"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "chłop"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: chłop\nPolish: chłop\nSilesian: chop, chłop (Southern Silesian)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: chłop\nPolish: chłop\nSilesian: chop, chłop (Southern Silesian)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rsk",
"2": "хлоп"
},
"expansion": "Pannonian Rusyn: хлоп (xlop)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pannonian Rusyn: хлоп (xlop)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "chlap"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: chlap",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: chlap"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Pomeranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "chłop"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: chłop",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: chłop"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "chlôp"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: chlôp",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: chlôp"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "kłopc",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Lower Sorbian: kłopc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Lower Sorbian: kłopc"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "khłop"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: khłop",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: khłop"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Non-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kаl̃рs",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latvian: kаl̃рs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latvian: kаl̃рs"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌱𐍃",
"3": "",
"4": "half"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌱𐍃 (halbs, “half”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*xolkъ and *xolstъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xolkъ and *xolstъ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "šel̃pti",
"3": "",
"4": "to help"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian šel̃pti (“to help”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌹𐌻𐍀𐌰𐌽",
"3": "",
"4": "to help"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐍀𐌰𐌽 (hilpan, “to help”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκόλοψ",
"3": "",
"4": "pale, stake"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σκόλοψ (skólops, “pale, stake”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Schalk",
"3": "",
"4": "joker, rogue"
},
"expansion": "German Schalk (“joker, rogue”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "sil̃pti",
"3": "",
"4": "to weaken"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian sil̃pti (“to weaken”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Has been compared with Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌱𐍃 (halbs, “half”), if so then related to Proto-Slavic *xolkъ and *xolstъ. Alternatively akin to Lithuanian šel̃pti (“to help”) and Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐍀𐌰𐌽 (hilpan, “to help”). Has also been compared with Ancient Greek σκόλοψ (skólops, “pale, stake”), German Schalk (“joker, rogue”) and Lithuanian sil̃pti (“to weaken”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "xolpъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xòlpa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "xòlpi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xòlpa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xòlpu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "xòlpъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xòlpu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xòlpoma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "xòlpomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xolpъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xòlpa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "xòlpy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xòlpъmь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xòlpomь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xòlpoma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "xòlpȳ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xòlpě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "xòlpu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "xòlpě̄xъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "xòlpe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xòlpa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "xòlpi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xolpъ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic hard masculine o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms with redundant head parameter",
"Proto-Slavic terms with unknown etymologies",
"sla-pro:People"
],
"glosses": [
"bondman, serf, peasant"
],
"links": [
[
"bondman",
"bondman"
],
[
"serf",
"serf"
],
[
"peasant",
"peasant"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "xolpъ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for xolpъ meaning in Proto-Slavic (8.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (94ba7e1 and 5dea2a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.