See vьlna in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "vóŭna",
"word": "во́ўна"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vóvna",
"word": "во́вна"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "volna",
"word": "волна"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "vólna",
"word": "во́лна"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "vŭlna",
"word": "вълна"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "vlĭna",
"word": "вльна"
},
{
"lang": "Glagolitic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "vlĭna",
"word": "ⰲⰾⱐⱀⰰ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "vǎ́lna",
"word": "въ́лна"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "volna",
"word": "волна"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "ву̏на"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "vȕna"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "vlna"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "vlna"
},
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "wôłna"
},
{
"lang": "Polabian",
"lang_code": "pox",
"word": "våuno"
},
{
"lang": "Polabian",
"lang_code": "pox",
"word": "vuno"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "wełna"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "wełna"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "vlna"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "wołma"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "wełma"
}
],
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "wałma"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂welh₁-",
"id": "wool"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*wílˀnāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *wílˀnāˀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wílˀnāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vь̀lna",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lnъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lnama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lnamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lnǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lnojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lnǭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lnama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lnamī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lnasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lnaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vь̀lna",
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vьlna",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wool"
],
"id": "en-vьlna-sla-pro-noun-~rZyoubq",
"links": [
[
"wool",
"wool"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "vьlna"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "volna",
"word": "волна"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "volná",
"word": "волна́"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "vŭlna",
"word": "вълна"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "vlĭna",
"word": "вльна"
},
{
"lang": "Glagolitic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "vlĭna",
"word": "ⰲⰾⱐⱀⰰ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "vǎlná",
"word": "вълна́"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "vlna"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "vlna"
},
{
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "wełn"
},
{
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "wełm"
},
{
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "wełna"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "vlna"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*wiln-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *wiln-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*welH-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *welH-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "vilnìs"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian vilni̇̀s",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "vilņa"
},
"expansion": "Latvian vilņa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ऊर्मि",
"3": "",
"4": "wave"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit ऊर्मि (ūrmi, “wave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "valë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian valë",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "wella"
},
"expansion": "Old High German wella",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Welle"
},
"expansion": "German Welle",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "well"
},
"expansion": "English well",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "vella"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse vella",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wiln-, from Proto-Indo-European *welH-.\nBaltic cognates include Lithuanian vilni̇̀s, vilnià, Latvian vilņa\nIndo-European cognates include Sanskrit ऊर्मि (ūrmi, “wave”), Albanian valë, Old High German wella, German Welle, English well, Old Norse vella.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vьlnà",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "vьlnà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̑lně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̑lny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьlný",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьlnù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̃lnъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьlně̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьlnàma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vьlnàmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̑lnǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̑lně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̑lny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьlnojǫ́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьlnàma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "vьlnàmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̑lně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьlnù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "vьlnàsъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьlnàxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьlno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̑lně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̑lny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "c"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vьlna",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wave"
],
"id": "en-vьlna-sla-pro-noun-SxJeyZp0",
"links": [
[
"wave",
"wave"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "vьlna"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂welh₁- (wool)",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "vóŭna",
"word": "во́ўна"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vóvna",
"word": "во́вна"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "volna",
"word": "волна"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "vólna",
"word": "во́лна"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "vŭlna",
"word": "вълна"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "vlĭna",
"word": "вльна"
},
{
"lang": "Glagolitic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "vlĭna",
"word": "ⰲⰾⱐⱀⰰ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "vǎ́lna",
"word": "въ́лна"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "volna",
"word": "волна"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "ву̏на"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "vȕna"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "vlna"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "vlna"
},
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "wôłna"
},
{
"lang": "Polabian",
"lang_code": "pox",
"word": "våuno"
},
{
"lang": "Polabian",
"lang_code": "pox",
"word": "vuno"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "wełna"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "wełna"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "vlna"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "wołma"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "wełma"
}
],
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "wałma"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂welh₁-",
"id": "wool"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*wílˀnāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *wílˀnāˀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wílˀnāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vь̀lna",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lnъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lnama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lnamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lnǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lnojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lnǭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lnama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lnamī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lnasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lnaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̀lny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vь̀lna",
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vьlna",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"sla-pro:Materials"
],
"glosses": [
"wool"
],
"links": [
[
"wool",
"wool"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "vьlna"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "volna",
"word": "волна"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "volná",
"word": "волна́"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "vŭlna",
"word": "вълна"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "vlĭna",
"word": "вльна"
},
{
"lang": "Glagolitic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "vlĭna",
"word": "ⰲⰾⱐⱀⰰ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "vǎlná",
"word": "вълна́"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "vlna"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "vlna"
},
{
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "wełn"
},
{
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "wełm"
},
{
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "wełna"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "vlna"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*wiln-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *wiln-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*welH-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *welH-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "vilnìs"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian vilni̇̀s",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "vilņa"
},
"expansion": "Latvian vilņa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ऊर्मि",
"3": "",
"4": "wave"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit ऊर्मि (ūrmi, “wave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "valë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian valë",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "wella"
},
"expansion": "Old High German wella",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Welle"
},
"expansion": "German Welle",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "well"
},
"expansion": "English well",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "vella"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse vella",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wiln-, from Proto-Indo-European *welH-.\nBaltic cognates include Lithuanian vilni̇̀s, vilnià, Latvian vilņa\nIndo-European cognates include Sanskrit ऊर्मि (ūrmi, “wave”), Albanian valë, Old High German wella, German Welle, English well, Old Norse vella.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vьlnà",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "vьlnà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̑lně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̑lny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьlný",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьlnù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̃lnъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьlně̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьlnàma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vьlnàmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̑lnǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̑lně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̑lny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьlnojǫ́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьlnàma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "vьlnàmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̑lně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vьlnù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "vьlnàsъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьlnàxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vьlno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̑lně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vь̑lny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "c"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vьlna",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"wave"
],
"links": [
[
"wave",
"wave"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "vьlna"
}
Download raw JSONL data for vьlna meaning in Proto-Slavic (10.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.