See trudъ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to toil, to do hard work",
"word": "truditi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "work-/labour-related",
"word": "trudovъ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "трудъ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: трудъ (trudŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: трудъ (trudŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "труд"
},
"expansion": "Russian: труд (trud)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: труд (trud)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "труд"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: труд (trud)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: труд (trud)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Cyrillic: троудъ (trudŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Glagolitic: ⱅⱃⱆⰴⱏ (trudŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "труд"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: труд (trud)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: труд (trud)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "труд"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: труд (trud)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: труд (trud)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "тру̑д",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: тру̑д",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: тру̑д"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "trȗd",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: trȗd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: trȗd"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "trȗd",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: trȗd",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trȗd"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: trȗd (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: trȗd (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "trud"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: trud",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: trud"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "trud"
},
"expansion": "Czech: trud",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: trud"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "trud"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: trud",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: trud"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "trud"
},
"expansion": "Polish: trud",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: trud"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-osk",
"2": "trud"
},
"expansion": "Old Slovak: trud",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Slovak: trud"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "trud"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: trud",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: trud"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "trúd"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: trúd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: trúd"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*trewd-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*tráudas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *tráudas",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*trewd-",
"4": "",
"5": "to squeeze; push; press"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *trewd- (“to squeeze; push; press”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "trauds"
},
"expansion": "Latvian trauds",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "triusas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian triusas",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*þrautaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þrautaz",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tráudas, from Proto-Indo-European *trewd- (“to squeeze; push; press”). Cognate with Latvian trauds, Lithuanian triusas, Proto-Germanic *þrautaz, *þrautą (“threat, affliction”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "trũdъ",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "b",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "trũdъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trūdà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "trūdì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trūdà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trūdù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "trũdъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trūdù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trūdòma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "trūdòmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trũdъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trūdà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "trūdỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trūdъ̀mь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trūdòmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trūdòma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "trũdy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trūdě̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trūdù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "trũděxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trude",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "trūdà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "trūdì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trudъ",
"ap": "b",
"stem": "o"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/trudъ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "90 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "96 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "96 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"english": "burden, hardship",
"sense": "*trudьnъ (“difficult, laborious”)",
"word": "trudьnostь"
}
],
"glosses": [
"labour, effort"
],
"id": "en-trudъ-sla-pro-noun-GLkKye9w",
"links": [
[
"labour",
"labour"
],
[
"effort",
"effort"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"workload"
],
"id": "en-trudъ-sla-pro-noun-f2xzYL8k",
"links": [
[
"workload",
"workload"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "trudъ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic hard masculine o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *trewd-",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to toil, to do hard work",
"word": "truditi"
},
{
"english": "burden, hardship",
"sense": "*trudьnъ (“difficult, laborious”)",
"word": "trudьnostь"
},
{
"english": "work-/labour-related",
"word": "trudovъ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "трудъ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: трудъ (trudŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: трудъ (trudŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "труд"
},
"expansion": "Russian: труд (trud)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: труд (trud)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "труд"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: труд (trud)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: труд (trud)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Cyrillic: троудъ (trudŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Glagolitic: ⱅⱃⱆⰴⱏ (trudŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "труд"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: труд (trud)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: труд (trud)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "труд"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: труд (trud)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: труд (trud)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "тру̑д",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: тру̑д",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: тру̑д"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "trȗd",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: trȗd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: trȗd"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "trȗd",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: trȗd",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trȗd"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: trȗd (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: trȗd (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "trud"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: trud",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: trud"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "trud"
},
"expansion": "Czech: trud",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: trud"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "trud"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: trud",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: trud"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "trud"
},
"expansion": "Polish: trud",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: trud"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-osk",
"2": "trud"
},
"expansion": "Old Slovak: trud",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Slovak: trud"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "trud"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: trud",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: trud"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "trúd"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: trúd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: trúd"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*trewd-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*tráudas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *tráudas",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*trewd-",
"4": "",
"5": "to squeeze; push; press"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *trewd- (“to squeeze; push; press”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "trauds"
},
"expansion": "Latvian trauds",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "triusas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian triusas",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*þrautaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þrautaz",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tráudas, from Proto-Indo-European *trewd- (“to squeeze; push; press”). Cognate with Latvian trauds, Lithuanian triusas, Proto-Germanic *þrautaz, *þrautą (“threat, affliction”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "trũdъ",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "b",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "trũdъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trūdà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "trūdì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trūdà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trūdù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "trũdъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trūdù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trūdòma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "trūdòmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trũdъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trūdà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "trūdỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trūdъ̀mь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trūdòmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trūdòma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "trũdy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trūdě̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trūdù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "trũděxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trude",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "trūdà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "trūdì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trudъ",
"ap": "b",
"stem": "o"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/trudъ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"labour, effort"
],
"links": [
[
"labour",
"labour"
],
[
"effort",
"effort"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"workload"
],
"links": [
[
"workload",
"workload"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "trudъ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for trudъ meaning in Proto-Slavic (7.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (94ba7e1 and 5dea2a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.