See struna in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "струна"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: струна (struna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: струна (struna)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "струна́"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: струна́ (struná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: струна́ (struná)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "струна́"
},
"expansion": "Russian: струна́ (struná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: струна́ (struná)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "струна́"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: струна́ (struná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: струна́ (struná)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "строуна"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: строуна (struna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: строуна (struna)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "стру́на́"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: стру́на́ (strúná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: стру́на́ (strúná)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "струна"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: струна (struna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: струна (struna)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Cyrillic: стру̏на"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Latin: strȕna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "strúna",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: strúna",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "strúna"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: strúna (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: strúna (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "struna"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: struna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: struna"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "struna"
},
"expansion": "Czech: struna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: struna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "struna"
},
"expansion": "Polish: struna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: struna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-osk",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Slovak:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Slovak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rsk",
"2": "струна"
},
"expansion": "Pannonian Rusyn: струна (struna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pannonian Rusyn: струна (struna)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "struna"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: struna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: struna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "tšuna"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: tšuna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: tšuna"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "truna"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: truna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: truna"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "סטרונע",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Yiddish: סטרונע (strune)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from an indeterminate Slavic language"
},
"expansion": "(from an indeterminate Slavic language)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Yiddish: סטרונע (strune) (from an indeterminate Slavic language)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*sterh₁-",
"3": "",
"4": "to streak, to strip"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sterh₁- (“to streak, to strip”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*struti",
"3": "*-nъ",
"4": "*-a",
"t1": "to strain"
},
"expansion": "*struti (“to strain”) + *-nъ + *-a",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*strinô",
"3": "",
"4": "strip, strand"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *strinô (“strip, strand”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*srew-",
"3": "",
"4": "to flow, to stream"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *srew- (“to flow, to stream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*struja"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *struja",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. The two main hypotheses are:\n* From Proto-Indo-European *sterh₁- (“to streak, to strip”), akin to *strěla (“arrow”), possibly from an unattested *-uti derivative *struti (“to strain”) + *-nъ + *-a. If correct, then the Slavic lemma would be a cognate with Proto-Germanic *strinô (“strip, strand”).\n* From Proto-Indo-European *srew- (“to flow, to stream”) (possibly *strew- (“to strew”)), akin to Proto-Slavic *struja, *struga (“stream”), either via the earlier form *strugna or (according to Vasmer) *strugsna. Neither form is phonetically satisfactory.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strùna",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "strùna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strùně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "strùny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strùny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strùnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "strùnъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strùně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strùnama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "strùnamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strùnǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strùně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "strùny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strùnojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strùnǭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strùnama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "strùnamī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strùně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strùnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "strùnasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strùnaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strùno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "strùně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "strùny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "strùna",
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/struna",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "stringed",
"word": "strunьnъ"
}
],
"glosses": [
"string (of a musical instrument)"
],
"id": "en-struna-sla-pro-noun-R2Qdq9ID",
"links": [
[
"string",
"string"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*postornъkъ"
},
{
"word": "*vьrvь"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj"
]
}
],
"word": "struna"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "stringed",
"word": "strunьnъ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "струна"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: струна (struna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: струна (struna)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "струна́"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: струна́ (struná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: струна́ (struná)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "струна́"
},
"expansion": "Russian: струна́ (struná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: струна́ (struná)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "струна́"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: струна́ (struná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: струна́ (struná)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "строуна"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: строуна (struna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: строуна (struna)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "стру́на́"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: стру́на́ (strúná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: стру́на́ (strúná)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "струна"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: струна (struna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: струна (struna)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Cyrillic: стру̏на"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Latin: strȕna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "strúna",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: strúna",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "strúna"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: strúna (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: strúna (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "struna"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: struna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: struna"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "struna"
},
"expansion": "Czech: struna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: struna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "struna"
},
"expansion": "Polish: struna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: struna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-osk",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Slovak:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Slovak:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rsk",
"2": "струна"
},
"expansion": "Pannonian Rusyn: струна (struna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pannonian Rusyn: струна (struna)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "struna"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: struna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: struna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "tšuna"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: tšuna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: tšuna"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "truna"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: truna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: truna"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "סטרונע",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Yiddish: סטרונע (strune)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from an indeterminate Slavic language"
},
"expansion": "(from an indeterminate Slavic language)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Yiddish: סטרונע (strune) (from an indeterminate Slavic language)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*sterh₁-",
"3": "",
"4": "to streak, to strip"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sterh₁- (“to streak, to strip”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*struti",
"3": "*-nъ",
"4": "*-a",
"t1": "to strain"
},
"expansion": "*struti (“to strain”) + *-nъ + *-a",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*strinô",
"3": "",
"4": "strip, strand"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *strinô (“strip, strand”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*srew-",
"3": "",
"4": "to flow, to stream"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *srew- (“to flow, to stream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*struja"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *struja",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. The two main hypotheses are:\n* From Proto-Indo-European *sterh₁- (“to streak, to strip”), akin to *strěla (“arrow”), possibly from an unattested *-uti derivative *struti (“to strain”) + *-nъ + *-a. If correct, then the Slavic lemma would be a cognate with Proto-Germanic *strinô (“strip, strand”).\n* From Proto-Indo-European *srew- (“to flow, to stream”) (possibly *strew- (“to strew”)), akin to Proto-Slavic *struja, *struga (“stream”), either via the earlier form *strugna or (according to Vasmer) *strugsna. Neither form is phonetically satisfactory.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strùna",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "strùna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strùně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "strùny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strùny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strùnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "strùnъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strùně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strùnama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "strùnamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strùnǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strùně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "strùny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strùnojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strùnǭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strùnama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "strùnamī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strùně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "strùnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "strùnasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strùnaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strùno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "strùně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "strùny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "strùna",
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/struna",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"glosses": [
"string (of a musical instrument)"
],
"links": [
[
"string",
"string"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*postornъkъ"
},
{
"word": "*vьrvь"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj"
]
}
],
"word": "struna"
}
Download raw JSONL data for struna meaning in Proto-Slavic (8.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (7c21d10 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.