See stopa in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "stopá",
"word": "стопа́"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "stopá",
"word": "стопа́"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "stopa",
"word": "стопа"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "stopa",
"word": "стопа"
},
{
"lang": "Glagolitic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "stopa",
"word": "ⱄⱅⱁⱂⰰ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "сто̀па"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "stòpa"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "stopa"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "stopa"
},
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "stopa"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "stopa"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "stopa"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "stopa"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "stopa"
},
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "stopa"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"id": "foot"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*(s)tep-",
"3": "",
"4": "to trample"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)tep- (“to trample”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*stappōną",
"t": "to walk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stappōną (“to walk”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्थापयति",
"3": "",
"4": "to uphold, to set up"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit स्थापयति (sthāpayati, “to uphold, to set up”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "stapas",
"3": "pãstapas",
"4": "column, stand"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian pãstapas (“column, stand”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πτέρνη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πτέρνη (ptérnē)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vestīgium"
},
"expansion": "Latin vestīgium",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unclear; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tep- (“to trample”) (whence also *tepti (“to beat”), *stepь (“steppe”)) or *(s)temp- (“to stamp”) (whence *stǫpa (“piston, mortar”)) with irregular loss of nasalization. Compare Proto-Germanic *stappōną (“to walk”).\nVasmer, Ivanov additionally consider potential relation to Sanskrit स्थापयति (sthāpayati, “to uphold, to set up”) (< *sth₂- + *-op-), which has been alternatively compared with South Slavic *stopanъ (“landlord”), Lithuanian pãstapas (“column, stand”), stapýti (“to stand still”).\nCompare typologically *pętьno (akin to *pęta); Ancient Greek πτέρνη (ptérnē); Latin vestīgium.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stōpà",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "b",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "stopà",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stòpě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "stopỳ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stopỳ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stopù",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "stòpъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stopě̀",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stopàma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "stopàmъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stopǫ̀",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stòpě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "stopỳ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stopòjǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stòpǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stopàma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "stopàmī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stopě̀",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stopù",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "stopàsъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stopàxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stopo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "stòpě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "stopỳ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"head": "*stōpà"
},
"expansion": "*stōpà f",
"name": "sla-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "b"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/stopa",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "stepenь"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with invalid diacritics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"foot"
],
"id": "en-stopa-sla-pro-noun-IuT2kSpp",
"links": [
[
"foot",
"foot"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*nogà"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"footprint, footstep, trace"
],
"id": "en-stopa-sla-pro-noun-UW4ajSIo",
"links": [
[
"footprint",
"footprint"
],
[
"footstep",
"footstep"
],
[
"trace",
"trace"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*pętьno"
},
{
"word": "*slě̑dъ"
},
{
"word": "*tropъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj"
],
"word": "stopa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Proto-Slavic entries with etymon",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic entries with invalid diacritics",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"sla-pro:Body parts"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "stopá",
"word": "стопа́"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "stopá",
"word": "стопа́"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "stopa",
"word": "стопа"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "stopa",
"word": "стопа"
},
{
"lang": "Glagolitic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "stopa",
"word": "ⱄⱅⱁⱂⰰ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "сто̀па"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "stòpa"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "stopa"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "stopa"
},
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "stopa"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "stopa"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "stopa"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "stopa"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "stopa"
},
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "stopa"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"id": "foot"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*(s)tep-",
"3": "",
"4": "to trample"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)tep- (“to trample”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*stappōną",
"t": "to walk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stappōną (“to walk”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्थापयति",
"3": "",
"4": "to uphold, to set up"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit स्थापयति (sthāpayati, “to uphold, to set up”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "stapas",
"3": "pãstapas",
"4": "column, stand"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian pãstapas (“column, stand”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πτέρνη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πτέρνη (ptérnē)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vestīgium"
},
"expansion": "Latin vestīgium",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unclear; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tep- (“to trample”) (whence also *tepti (“to beat”), *stepь (“steppe”)) or *(s)temp- (“to stamp”) (whence *stǫpa (“piston, mortar”)) with irregular loss of nasalization. Compare Proto-Germanic *stappōną (“to walk”).\nVasmer, Ivanov additionally consider potential relation to Sanskrit स्थापयति (sthāpayati, “to uphold, to set up”) (< *sth₂- + *-op-), which has been alternatively compared with South Slavic *stopanъ (“landlord”), Lithuanian pãstapas (“column, stand”), stapýti (“to stand still”).\nCompare typologically *pętьno (akin to *pęta); Ancient Greek πτέρνη (ptérnē); Latin vestīgium.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stōpà",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "b",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "stopà",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stòpě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "stopỳ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stopỳ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stopù",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "stòpъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stopě̀",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stopàma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "stopàmъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stopǫ̀",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stòpě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "stopỳ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stopòjǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stòpǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stopàma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "stopàmī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stopě̀",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stopù",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "stopàsъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stopàxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stopo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "stòpě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "stopỳ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"head": "*stōpà"
},
"expansion": "*stōpà f",
"name": "sla-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "b"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/stopa",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "stepenь"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"foot"
],
"links": [
[
"foot",
"foot"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*nogà"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"footprint, footstep, trace"
],
"links": [
[
"footprint",
"footprint"
],
[
"footstep",
"footstep"
],
[
"trace",
"trace"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*pętьno"
},
{
"word": "*slě̑dъ"
},
{
"word": "*tropъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj"
],
"word": "stopa"
}
Download raw JSONL data for stopa meaning in Proto-Slavic (6.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.