See somъ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "сомъ"
},
"expansion": "Old Ruthenian: сомъ (som)\nBelarusian: сом (som)\nUkrainian: сом (som); сім (sim), сум (sum), сон (son) (dialectal)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Ruthenian: сомъ (som)\nBelarusian: сом (som)\nUkrainian: сом (som); сім (sim), сум (sum), сон (son) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-mru",
"2": "сомъ",
"sc": "Cyrs"
},
"expansion": "Middle Russian: сомъ (som)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Russian: сомъ (som)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "сом"
},
"expansion": "Russian: сом (som)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: сом (som)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "сом"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: сом (som)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: сом (som)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "сом"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: сом (som)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: сом (som)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "со̏м",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: со̏м",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: со̏м"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sȍm",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: sȍm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: sȍm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "sòm",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: sòm",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sòm"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: sòm (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: sòm (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "som"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: som",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: som"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "sumec",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Czech: sumec",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Czech: sumec"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "som"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: som",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: som"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sum"
},
"expansion": "Polish: sum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: sum"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-osk",
"2": "som"
},
"expansion": "Old Slovak: som",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Slovak: som"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "sumec"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: sumec",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: sumec"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "som"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: som",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: som"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*śámas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *śámas",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "sams"
},
"expansion": "Latvian sams",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "šãmas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian šãmas",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καμασήν",
"t": "kind of fish"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek καμασήν (kamasḗn, “kind of fish”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "urj",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Uralic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*sampi",
"t": "sturgeon"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *sampi (“sturgeon”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śámas, cognate to Latvian sams, Lithuanian šãmas, further etymology unknown, therefore probably borrowed from a non-Indo-European substrate, possibly shared with Ancient Greek καμασήν (kamasḗn, “kind of fish”); alternatively perhaps a corrupted borrowing from Uralic, such as Proto-Finnic *sampi (“sturgeon”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sòmъ",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "sòmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "somà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "somì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "somà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "somù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "sòmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "somù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "somòma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "somòmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sòmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "somà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "somỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "somъ̀mь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "somòmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "somòma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "sòmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "somě̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "somù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "sòměxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "some",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "somà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "somì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "b",
"stem": "o"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/somъ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"catfish"
],
"id": "en-somъ-sla-pro-noun-nBiA-SKf",
"links": [
[
"catfish",
"catfish"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "somъ"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "сомъ"
},
"expansion": "Old Ruthenian: сомъ (som)\nBelarusian: сом (som)\nUkrainian: сом (som); сім (sim), сум (sum), сон (son) (dialectal)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Ruthenian: сомъ (som)\nBelarusian: сом (som)\nUkrainian: сом (som); сім (sim), сум (sum), сон (son) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-mru",
"2": "сомъ",
"sc": "Cyrs"
},
"expansion": "Middle Russian: сомъ (som)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Russian: сомъ (som)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "сом"
},
"expansion": "Russian: сом (som)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: сом (som)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "сом"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: сом (som)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: сом (som)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "сом"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: сом (som)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: сом (som)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "со̏м",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: со̏м",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: со̏м"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sȍm",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: sȍm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: sȍm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "sòm",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: sòm",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sòm"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: sòm (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: sòm (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "som"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: som",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: som"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "sumec",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Czech: sumec",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Czech: sumec"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "som"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: som",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: som"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sum"
},
"expansion": "Polish: sum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: sum"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-osk",
"2": "som"
},
"expansion": "Old Slovak: som",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Slovak: som"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "sumec"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: sumec",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: sumec"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "som"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: som",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: som"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*śámas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *śámas",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "sams"
},
"expansion": "Latvian sams",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "šãmas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian šãmas",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καμασήν",
"t": "kind of fish"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek καμασήν (kamasḗn, “kind of fish”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "urj",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Uralic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*sampi",
"t": "sturgeon"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *sampi (“sturgeon”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śámas, cognate to Latvian sams, Lithuanian šãmas, further etymology unknown, therefore probably borrowed from a non-Indo-European substrate, possibly shared with Ancient Greek καμασήν (kamasḗn, “kind of fish”); alternatively perhaps a corrupted borrowing from Uralic, such as Proto-Finnic *sampi (“sturgeon”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sòmъ",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "sòmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "somà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "somì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "somà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "somù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "sòmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "somù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "somòma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "somòmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sòmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "somà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "somỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "somъ̀mь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "somòmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "somòma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "sòmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "somě̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "somù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "sòměxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "some",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "somà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "somì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "b",
"stem": "o"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/somъ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic hard masculine o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Uralic languages",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from substrate languages",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"sla-pro:Fish"
],
"glosses": [
"catfish"
],
"links": [
[
"catfish",
"catfish"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "somъ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for somъ meaning in Proto-Slavic (7.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.