See pьsъ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "пьсъ",
"3": "песъ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: пьсъ (pĭsŭ), песъ (pesŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: пьсъ (pĭsŭ), песъ (pesŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "пёс"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: пёс (pjos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: пёс (pjos)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "пёс"
},
"expansion": "Russian: пёс (pjos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: пёс (pjos)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rue",
"2": "пес"
},
"expansion": "Carpathian Rusyn: пес (pes)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Carpathian Rusyn: пес (pes)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "пес"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: пес (pes)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: пес (pes)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Cyrillic: пьсъ (pĭsŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Glagolitic: ⱂⱐⱄⱏ (pĭsŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "пес"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: пес (pes)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: пес (pes)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "пес"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: пес (pes)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: пес (pes)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "па̏с",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: па̏с",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: па̏с"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "pȁs",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: pȁs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: pȁs"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "pə̏s",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: pə̏s",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pə̏s"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: pə̏s (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: pə̏s (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "pes"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: pes\nCzech: pes",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: pes\nCzech: pes"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "pies"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: pies\nPolish: pies\nSilesian: pies",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: pies\nPolish: pies\nSilesian: pies"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-osk",
"2": "pes"
},
"expansion": "Old Slovak: pes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Slovak: pes"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rsk",
"2": "пес"
},
"expansion": "Pannonian Rusyn: пес (pes)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pannonian Rusyn: пес (pes)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "pes"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: pes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: pes"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pox",
"2": "ṕås"
},
"expansion": "Polabian: ṕås",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polabian: ṕås"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Pomeranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "pies"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: pies",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: pies"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "pjês"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: pjês",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: pjês"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "pjas"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: pjas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: pjas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "pos"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: pos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: pos"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unknown"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*piḱ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *piḱ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पिशङ्ग",
"3": "",
"4": "reddish, tawny",
"tr": "piśáṅga"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit पिशङ्ग (piśáṅga, “reddish, tawny”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pḱ-o-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pḱ-o-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pḱ-u-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pḱ-u-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पशु",
"3": "",
"4": "cattle",
"tr": "páśu"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit पशु (páśu, “cattle”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. There are several proposals:\n* Connection of the stem *pьs- with the root of *pьstrъ (“variegated”), and thus ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *piḱ- (whence also Sanskrit पिशङ्ग (piśáṅga, “reddish, tawny”), पिश (piśá, “a sort of deer”)), the zero-grade of *peyḱ- (“to paint, mark”) (whence *pьsati (“to write”)). Thus the semantic shift occurred \"spotted\" > \"dog\" (perhaps compare Spot (“stereotypical English canine pet's name”)).\n* Proto-Indo-European *pḱ-o-, the zero-grade of the root *speḱ- (“to see, watch”) (by Meillet).\n* Proto-Indo-European *pḱ-u-; compare Sanskrit पशु (páśu, “cattle”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pь̀sъ",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "b",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "pь̀sъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьsà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "pьsì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьsà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьsù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pь̀sъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьsù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьsòma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pьsòmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pь̀sъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьsà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pьsỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьsъ̀mь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьsòmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьsòma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "pь̀sy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьsě̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьsù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "pь̀sěxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pьsà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pьsì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pь̀sъ",
"ap": "b"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pьsъ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "EDSIL without passage",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "puppy",
"word": "pьsьcь"
},
{
"english": "doggy, canine",
"word": "pьsь"
},
{
"word": "pьsovati"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dog"
],
"id": "en-pьsъ-sla-pro-noun-zWNX792W",
"links": [
[
"dog",
"dog"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*cucьkъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "pьsъ"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "puppy",
"word": "pьsьcь"
},
{
"english": "doggy, canine",
"word": "pьsь"
},
{
"word": "pьsovati"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "пьсъ",
"3": "песъ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: пьсъ (pĭsŭ), песъ (pesŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: пьсъ (pĭsŭ), песъ (pesŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "пёс"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: пёс (pjos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: пёс (pjos)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "пёс"
},
"expansion": "Russian: пёс (pjos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: пёс (pjos)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rue",
"2": "пес"
},
"expansion": "Carpathian Rusyn: пес (pes)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Carpathian Rusyn: пес (pes)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "пес"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: пес (pes)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: пес (pes)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Cyrillic: пьсъ (pĭsŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Glagolitic: ⱂⱐⱄⱏ (pĭsŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "пес"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: пес (pes)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: пес (pes)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "пес"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: пес (pes)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: пес (pes)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "па̏с",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: па̏с",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: па̏с"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "pȁs",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: pȁs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: pȁs"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "pə̏s",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: pə̏s",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pə̏s"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: pə̏s (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: pə̏s (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "pes"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: pes\nCzech: pes",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: pes\nCzech: pes"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "pies"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: pies\nPolish: pies\nSilesian: pies",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: pies\nPolish: pies\nSilesian: pies"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-osk",
"2": "pes"
},
"expansion": "Old Slovak: pes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Slovak: pes"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rsk",
"2": "пес"
},
"expansion": "Pannonian Rusyn: пес (pes)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pannonian Rusyn: пес (pes)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "pes"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: pes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: pes"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pox",
"2": "ṕås"
},
"expansion": "Polabian: ṕås",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polabian: ṕås"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Pomeranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "pies"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: pies",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: pies"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "pjês"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: pjês",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: pjês"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "pjas"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: pjas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: pjas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "pos"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: pos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: pos"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unknown"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*piḱ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *piḱ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पिशङ्ग",
"3": "",
"4": "reddish, tawny",
"tr": "piśáṅga"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit पिशङ्ग (piśáṅga, “reddish, tawny”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pḱ-o-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pḱ-o-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pḱ-u-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pḱ-u-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पशु",
"3": "",
"4": "cattle",
"tr": "páśu"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit पशु (páśu, “cattle”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. There are several proposals:\n* Connection of the stem *pьs- with the root of *pьstrъ (“variegated”), and thus ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *piḱ- (whence also Sanskrit पिशङ्ग (piśáṅga, “reddish, tawny”), पिश (piśá, “a sort of deer”)), the zero-grade of *peyḱ- (“to paint, mark”) (whence *pьsati (“to write”)). Thus the semantic shift occurred \"spotted\" > \"dog\" (perhaps compare Spot (“stereotypical English canine pet's name”)).\n* Proto-Indo-European *pḱ-o-, the zero-grade of the root *speḱ- (“to see, watch”) (by Meillet).\n* Proto-Indo-European *pḱ-u-; compare Sanskrit पशु (páśu, “cattle”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pь̀sъ",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "b",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "pь̀sъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьsà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "pьsì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьsà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьsù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pь̀sъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьsù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьsòma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pьsòmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pь̀sъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьsà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pьsỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьsъ̀mь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьsòmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьsòma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "pь̀sy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьsě̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьsù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "pь̀sěxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьse",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pьsà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pьsì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pь̀sъ",
"ap": "b"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pьsъ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"EDSIL without passage",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic hard masculine o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms with unknown etymologies",
"sla-pro:Canids"
],
"glosses": [
"dog"
],
"links": [
[
"dog",
"dog"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*cucьkъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "pьsъ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pьsъ meaning in Proto-Slavic (8.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (bcd5c38 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.