See kolěno in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kolěniti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to kneel",
"word": "kolěničiti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "kolěnьce"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kolěnьnъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kolěnьskъ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "колѣно"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: колѣно (kolěno)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: колѣно (kolěno)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "кале́на"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: кале́на (kaljéna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: кале́на (kaljéna)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "коле́но"
},
"expansion": "Russian: коле́но (koléno)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: коле́но (koléno)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "колі́но"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: колі́но (kolíno)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: колі́но (kolíno)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Cyrillic: колѣно (kolěno)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Glagolitic: ⰽⱁⰾⱑⱀⱁ (kolěno)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "коля́но"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: коля́но (koljáno)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: коля́но (koljáno)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "колено"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: колено (koleno)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: колено (koleno)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ко̀лено",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: ко̀лено",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: ко̀лено, ко̀љено, колино"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "kòleno",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: kòleno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: kòleno, kòljeno, kolino"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "kolẹ́no",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: kolẹ́no",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kolẹ́no"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: kolẹ́no (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: kolẹ́no (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "koleno"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: koleno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: koleno"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "koleno"
},
"expansion": "Czech: koleno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: koleno"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pox",
"2": "ťüľonĕ"
},
"expansion": "Polabian: ťüľonĕ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polabian: ťüľonĕ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kolano"
},
"expansion": "Polish: kolano",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: kolano"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "koleno"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: koleno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: koleno"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Pomeranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "kòlano"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: kòlano",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: kòlano"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "kôlanô"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: kôlanô",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: kôlanô"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "kóleno"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: kóleno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: kóleno"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "koleno"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: koleno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: koleno"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-ěno",
"alt1": "**kol-"
},
"expansion": "**kol- + *-ěno",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷel-",
"4": "",
"5": "to turn, rotate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to turn, rotate”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "collum",
"3": "",
"4": "neck"
},
"expansion": "Latin collum (“neck”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*halsaz",
"3": "",
"4": "neck"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *halsaz (“neck”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kelH-",
"4": "",
"5": "to rise, raise, lift"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kelH- (“to rise, raise, lift”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*čelo",
"3": "",
"4": "forehead"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *čelo (“forehead”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκέλος",
"3": "",
"4": "leg"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σκέλος (skélos, “leg”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kel-",
"4": "",
"5": "to bend, crook"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kel- (“to bend, crook”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kẽlis",
"3": "",
"4": "knee"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kẽlis (“knee”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "celis",
"3": "",
"4": "knee"
},
"expansion": "Latvian celis (“knee”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κῶλον",
"3": "",
"4": "member, body part"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κῶλον (kôlon, “member, body part”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κυλλός",
"3": "",
"4": "crooked, deformed"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κυλλός (kullós, “crooked, deformed”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "collective"
},
"expansion": "(collective)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*(s)kʷel-",
"3": "",
"4": "to rally (a group), to crowd"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷel- (“to rally (a group), to crowd”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skulō",
"3": "",
"4": "crowd, multitude"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skulō (“crowd, multitude”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Formed as **kol- + *-ěno, of disputed origin. Proposed etymologies include:\n* From Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to turn, rotate”) or *kʷelh₁- (“to revolve”). Possibly, via s-extension, the origin of Latin collum (“neck”), Proto-Germanic *halsaz (“neck”).\n* From Proto-Indo-European *kelH- (“to rise, raise, lift”), often claimed as the origin of Proto-Slavic *čelo (“forehead”) and (first part of) *čeľustь (“jaw”).\n* Occassionally compared to Ancient Greek σκέλος (skélos, “leg”), of disputed descent. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kel- (“to bend, crook”).\nAkin to Lithuanian kẽlis (“knee”), kelė́nas (“knee joint”) and Latvian celis (“knee”). Arguably, further related to Ancient Greek κῶλον (kôlon, “member, body part”), Ancient Greek κυλλός (kullós, “crooked, deformed”).\nSecondary meaning “lineage” is sometimes considered unrelated, commonly linked with *čeľadь (“offsprings”) (collective) of uncertain origin. According to some interpretations, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷel- (“to rally (a group), to crowd”) (whence Proto-Germanic *skulō (“crowd, multitude”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kolě̀no",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀no",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀ně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀nu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀nъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀nu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀noma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀nomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀no",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀ně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀nъmь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀nomь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀noma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀nȳ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀ně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀nu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀ně̄xъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀no",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀ně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "a",
"recons": "kolě̀no"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kolěno",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "generation",
"word": "pokolěnьje"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "children; household",
"word": "čeľadь"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "member",
"word": "čelnъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"english": "top, frontal",
"sense": "*čelo (“forehead”)",
"word": "čelesьnъ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"knee"
],
"id": "en-kolěno-sla-pro-noun-ae9aiLAn",
"links": [
[
"knee",
"knee"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 89",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 94",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 97",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ěno",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lineage, pedigree"
],
"id": "en-kolěno-sla-pro-noun-ojsitVZO",
"links": [
[
"lineage",
"lineage"
],
[
"pedigree",
"pedigree"
]
],
"qualifier": "secondary",
"raw_glosses": [
"(secondary) lineage, pedigree"
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"english": "hoop",
"sense": "*kolo (“wheel”)",
"word": "kolьce"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"english": "wheel track",
"sense": "*kolo (“wheel”)",
"word": "kolěja"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"english": "ring, loop",
"sense": "*kolo (“wheel”)",
"word": "kolǫtъ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*poteklo"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "kolěno"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic hard neuter o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic neuter nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ěno"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kolěniti"
},
{
"english": "to kneel",
"word": "kolěničiti"
},
{
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "kolěnьce"
},
{
"word": "kolěnьnъ"
},
{
"word": "kolěnьskъ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "колѣно"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: колѣно (kolěno)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: колѣно (kolěno)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "кале́на"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: кале́на (kaljéna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: кале́на (kaljéna)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "коле́но"
},
"expansion": "Russian: коле́но (koléno)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: коле́но (koléno)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "колі́но"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: колі́но (kolíno)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: колі́но (kolíno)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Cyrillic: колѣно (kolěno)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Glagolitic: ⰽⱁⰾⱑⱀⱁ (kolěno)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "коля́но"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: коля́но (koljáno)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: коля́но (koljáno)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "колено"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: колено (koleno)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: колено (koleno)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ко̀лено",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: ко̀лено",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: ко̀лено, ко̀љено, колино"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "kòleno",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: kòleno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: kòleno, kòljeno, kolino"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "kolẹ́no",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: kolẹ́no",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kolẹ́no"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: kolẹ́no (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: kolẹ́no (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "koleno"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: koleno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: koleno"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "koleno"
},
"expansion": "Czech: koleno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: koleno"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pox",
"2": "ťüľonĕ"
},
"expansion": "Polabian: ťüľonĕ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polabian: ťüľonĕ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kolano"
},
"expansion": "Polish: kolano",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: kolano"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "koleno"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: koleno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: koleno"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Pomeranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "kòlano"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: kòlano",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: kòlano"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "kôlanô"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: kôlanô",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: kôlanô"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "kóleno"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: kóleno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: kóleno"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "koleno"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: koleno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: koleno"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-ěno",
"alt1": "**kol-"
},
"expansion": "**kol- + *-ěno",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷel-",
"4": "",
"5": "to turn, rotate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to turn, rotate”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "collum",
"3": "",
"4": "neck"
},
"expansion": "Latin collum (“neck”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*halsaz",
"3": "",
"4": "neck"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *halsaz (“neck”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kelH-",
"4": "",
"5": "to rise, raise, lift"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kelH- (“to rise, raise, lift”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*čelo",
"3": "",
"4": "forehead"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *čelo (“forehead”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκέλος",
"3": "",
"4": "leg"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σκέλος (skélos, “leg”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kel-",
"4": "",
"5": "to bend, crook"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kel- (“to bend, crook”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kẽlis",
"3": "",
"4": "knee"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kẽlis (“knee”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "celis",
"3": "",
"4": "knee"
},
"expansion": "Latvian celis (“knee”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κῶλον",
"3": "",
"4": "member, body part"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κῶλον (kôlon, “member, body part”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κυλλός",
"3": "",
"4": "crooked, deformed"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κυλλός (kullós, “crooked, deformed”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "collective"
},
"expansion": "(collective)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*(s)kʷel-",
"3": "",
"4": "to rally (a group), to crowd"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷel- (“to rally (a group), to crowd”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skulō",
"3": "",
"4": "crowd, multitude"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skulō (“crowd, multitude”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Formed as **kol- + *-ěno, of disputed origin. Proposed etymologies include:\n* From Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to turn, rotate”) or *kʷelh₁- (“to revolve”). Possibly, via s-extension, the origin of Latin collum (“neck”), Proto-Germanic *halsaz (“neck”).\n* From Proto-Indo-European *kelH- (“to rise, raise, lift”), often claimed as the origin of Proto-Slavic *čelo (“forehead”) and (first part of) *čeľustь (“jaw”).\n* Occassionally compared to Ancient Greek σκέλος (skélos, “leg”), of disputed descent. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kel- (“to bend, crook”).\nAkin to Lithuanian kẽlis (“knee”), kelė́nas (“knee joint”) and Latvian celis (“knee”). Arguably, further related to Ancient Greek κῶλον (kôlon, “member, body part”), Ancient Greek κυλλός (kullós, “crooked, deformed”).\nSecondary meaning “lineage” is sometimes considered unrelated, commonly linked with *čeľadь (“offsprings”) (collective) of uncertain origin. According to some interpretations, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷel- (“to rally (a group), to crowd”) (whence Proto-Germanic *skulō (“crowd, multitude”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kolě̀no",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀no",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀ně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀nu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀nъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀nu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀noma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀nomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀no",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀ně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀nъmь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀nomь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀noma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀nȳ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀ně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀nu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀ně̄xъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀no",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀ně",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kolě̀na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "a",
"recons": "kolě̀no"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kolěno",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "generation",
"word": "pokolěnьje"
},
{
"english": "hoop",
"sense": "*kolo (“wheel”)",
"word": "kolьce"
},
{
"english": "wheel track",
"sense": "*kolo (“wheel”)",
"word": "kolěja"
},
{
"english": "ring, loop",
"sense": "*kolo (“wheel”)",
"word": "kolǫtъ"
},
{
"english": "children; household",
"word": "čeľadь"
},
{
"english": "top, frontal",
"sense": "*čelo (“forehead”)",
"word": "čelesьnъ"
},
{
"english": "member",
"word": "čelnъ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"sla-pro:Body parts"
],
"glosses": [
"knee"
],
"links": [
[
"knee",
"knee"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"lineage, pedigree"
],
"links": [
[
"lineage",
"lineage"
],
[
"pedigree",
"pedigree"
]
],
"qualifier": "secondary",
"raw_glosses": [
"(secondary) lineage, pedigree"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*poteklo"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "kolěno"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kolěno meaning in Proto-Slavic (11.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.