See kaš(ь)ľь in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "kášalʹ",
"word": "ка́шаль"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "kášelʹ",
"word": "ка́шель"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "kášelʹ",
"word": "ка́шель"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "kášelʹ",
"word": "ка́шель"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "kašĭlĭ",
"word": "кашьль"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "kášlica",
"word": "ка́шлица"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "kašlica",
"word": "кашлица"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "ка̏шаљ"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "kȁšalj"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
},
{
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"word": "kašelj"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "kašel"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "kášel"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "kašel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "kaszel"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "kaszel"
},
{
"lang": "Polabian",
"lang_code": "pox",
"word": "kosal"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "kaszel"
}
],
"lang": "Pomeranian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "kašeľ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "kašel"
},
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "kašel"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*kāˀs(u)lio-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *kāˀs(u)lio-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷeh₂s-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₂s-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kāˀs(u)lio-, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₂s-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kašľь",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľema",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľema",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľemъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľemъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľьmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľьmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľemь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľemь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľema",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľema",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kaš(ь)ľь",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cough"
],
"id": "en-kaš(ь)ľь-sla-pro-noun-hmqzO4Rj",
"links": [
[
"cough",
"cough"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "kaš(ь)ľь"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "kášalʹ",
"word": "ка́шаль"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "kášelʹ",
"word": "ка́шель"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "kášelʹ",
"word": "ка́шель"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "kášelʹ",
"word": "ка́шель"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "kašĭlĭ",
"word": "кашьль"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "kášlica",
"word": "ка́шлица"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "kašlica",
"word": "кашлица"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "ка̏шаљ"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "kȁšalj"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
},
{
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"word": "kašelj"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "kašel"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "kášel"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "kašel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "kaszel"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "kaszel"
},
{
"lang": "Polabian",
"lang_code": "pox",
"word": "kosal"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "kaszel"
}
],
"lang": "Pomeranian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "kašeľ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "kašel"
},
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "kašel"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*kāˀs(u)lio-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *kāˀs(u)lio-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷeh₂s-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₂s-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kāˀs(u)lio-, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₂s-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kašľь",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľema",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľema",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľemъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľemъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľę̇",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľьmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľьmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľemь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľemь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľema",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľema",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľixъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kašľi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kašьľi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kaš(ь)ľь",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic soft masculine o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic soft o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic"
],
"glosses": [
"cough"
],
"links": [
[
"cough",
"cough"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "kaš(ь)ľь"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kaš(ь)ľь meaning in Proto-Slavic (6.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.