"gnězdo" meaning in Proto-Slavic

See gnězdo in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Etymology: From Proto-Balto-Slavic *nisdá, from Proto-Indo-European *nisdós. Baltic cognates include Lithuanian lìzdas, Latvian ligzds, ligzda. The Slavic forms show a different anlaut from the Baltic forms; the Slavic forms have gained an initial *gn- on the basis of some other model such as *gnojь (“manure, pus”), though which particular word was used as a model is hard to say. The choice of *gnojь (“manure, pus”) also has a possible advantage in that it can account for the presence of *ě in *gnězdo, otherwise an anomaly. Skok instead explains the anomalous cluster and the many reflexes in Serbo-Croatian as resulting from various dissimilations of the dental consonants. Mel’nyčuk suggests the initial part of the word was reconstructed on the model of *gněti or its precursor. Matasović proposes a regular sound change in Proto-Slavic that adds prosthetic g- on words beginning with *ně-. Etymology templates: {{inh|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|*nisdá}} Proto-Balto-Slavic *nisdá, {{inh|sla-pro|ine-pro|*nisdós}} Proto-Indo-European *nisdós, {{cog|lt|lìzdas}} Lithuanian lìzdas, {{cog|lv|ligzds}} Latvian ligzds Inflection templates: {{sla-decl-noun|gně̄zdò|ap=b}} Forms: gně̄zdò [canonical, neuter], no-table-tags [table-tags], b [accent-paradigm], gně̄zdò [nominative, singular], gně̃zdě [dual, nominative], gně̄zdà [nominative, plural], gně̄zdà [genitive, singular], gně̄zdù [dual, genitive], gně̃zdъ [genitive, plural], gně̄zdù [dative, singular], gně̄zdòma [dative, dual], gně̄zdòmъ [dative, plural], gně̄zdò [accusative, singular], gně̃zdě [accusative, dual], gně̄zdà [accusative, plural], gně̄zdъ̀mь [instrumental, singular], gně̄zdòmь [instrumental, singular], gně̄zdòma [dual, instrumental], gně̃zdy [instrumental, plural], gně̄zdě̀ [locative, singular], gně̄zdù [dual, locative], gně̃zděxъ [locative, plural], gně̄zdò [singular, vocative], gně̃zdě [dual, vocative], gně̄zdà [plural, vocative]
  1. nest Wikipedia link: Rick Derksen Tags: reconstruction
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "гнѣздо"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: гнѣздо (gnězdo)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: гнѣздо (gnězdo)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zle-ort",
            "2": "гнѣздо́"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Ruthenian: гнѣздо́ (hnězdó)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Ruthenian: гнѣздо́ (hnězdó)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "гняздо́"
          },
          "expansion": "Belarusian: гняздо́ (hnjazdó)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Belarusian: гняздо́ (hnjazdó)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rue",
            "2": "гнїздо́"
          },
          "expansion": "Carpathian Rusyn: гнїздо́ (hnjizdó)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Carpathian Rusyn: гнїздо́ (hnjizdó)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "гніздо́"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: гніздо́ (hnizdó)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: гніздо́ (hnizdó)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "гнездо́"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: гнездо́ (gnezdó)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: гнездо́ (gnezdó)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "ⰳⱀⱑⰸⰴⱁ",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⰳⱀⱑⰸⰴⱁ (gnězdo)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Glagolitic script: ⰳⱀⱑⰸⰴⱁ (gnězdo)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "гнѣздо",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: гнѣздо (gnězdo)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Cyrillic script: гнѣздо (gnězdo)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "гније́здо",
            "3": "гне́здо",
            "4": "гни́здо",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: гније́здо, гне́здо, гни́здо",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: гније́здо, гне́здо, гни́здо"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "gnijèzdo",
            "3": "gnézdo",
            "4": "gnízdo",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: gnijèzdo, gnézdo, gnízdo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: gnijèzdo, gnézdo, gnízdo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "gnẹ́zdo",
            "alt": "",
            "bor": "",
            "der": "",
            "g": "",
            "pos": "",
            "t": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: gnẹ́zdo",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tonal orthography"
          },
          "expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
          "name": "i"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gnẹ́zdo"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: gnẹ́zdo (tonal orthography)",
          "name": "desc/sl-tonal"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: gnẹ́zdo (tonal orthography)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-ocs",
            "2": "hniezdo"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Czech: hniezdo\nCzech: hnízdo",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Czech: hniezdo\nCzech: hnízdo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-opl",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Old Polish:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Polish:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "gniazdo"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: gniazdo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: gniazdo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "szl",
            "2": "gniŏzdo"
          },
          "expansion": "Silesian: gniŏzdo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Silesian: gniŏzdo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-osk",
            "2": "hniezdo",
            "3": "hnízdo"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Slovak: hniezdo, hnízdo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Slovak: hniezdo, hnízdo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rsk",
            "2": "гнїздо"
          },
          "expansion": "Pannonian Rusyn: гнїздо (hnjizdo)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Pannonian Rusyn: гнїздо (hnjizdo)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "hniezdo"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: hniezdo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: hniezdo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pox",
            "2": "gńozdĕ"
          },
          "expansion": "Polabian: gńozdĕ",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polabian: gńozdĕ"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Pomeranian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "csb",
            "2": "gniôzdo"
          },
          "expansion": "Kashubian: gniôzdo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kashubian: gniôzdo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-slv",
            "2": "gnjozdô"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovincian: gnjozdô",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovincian: gnjozdô"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sorbian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dsb",
            "2": "gnězdo"
          },
          "expansion": "Lower Sorbian: gnězdo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lower Sorbian: gnězdo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "hnězdo"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: hnězdo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: hnězdo"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*nisdá"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *nisdá",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*nisdós"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *nisdós",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "lìzdas"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian lìzdas",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ligzds"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian ligzds",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *nisdá, from Proto-Indo-European *nisdós.\nBaltic cognates include Lithuanian lìzdas, Latvian ligzds, ligzda. The Slavic forms show a different anlaut from the Baltic forms; the Slavic forms have gained an initial *gn- on the basis of some other model such as *gnojь (“manure, pus”), though which particular word was used as a model is hard to say. The choice of *gnojь (“manure, pus”) also has a possible advantage in that it can account for the presence of *ě in *gnězdo, otherwise an anomaly. Skok instead explains the anomalous cluster and the many reflexes in Serbo-Croatian as resulting from various dissimilations of the dental consonants. Mel’nyčuk suggests the initial part of the word was reconstructed on the model of *gněti or its precursor. Matasović proposes a regular sound change in Proto-Slavic that adds prosthetic g- on words beginning with *ně-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gně̄zdò",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "b",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̄zdò",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̃zdě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̄zdà",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̄zdà",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̄zdù",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̃zdъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̄zdù",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̄zdòma",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̄zdòmъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̄zdò",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̃zdě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̄zdà",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̄zdъ̀mь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̄zdòmь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̄zdòma",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̃zdy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̄zdě̀",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̄zdù",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̃zděxъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̄zdò",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̃zdě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̄zdà",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gně̄zdò",
        "ap": "b"
      },
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gnězdo",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "nest"
      ],
      "id": "en-gnězdo-sla-pro-noun-de8uMpvb",
      "links": [
        [
          "nest",
          "nest"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Rick Derksen"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "gnězdo"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "гнѣздо"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: гнѣздо (gnězdo)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: гнѣздо (gnězdo)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zle-ort",
            "2": "гнѣздо́"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Ruthenian: гнѣздо́ (hnězdó)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Ruthenian: гнѣздо́ (hnězdó)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "гняздо́"
          },
          "expansion": "Belarusian: гняздо́ (hnjazdó)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Belarusian: гняздо́ (hnjazdó)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rue",
            "2": "гнїздо́"
          },
          "expansion": "Carpathian Rusyn: гнїздо́ (hnjizdó)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Carpathian Rusyn: гнїздо́ (hnjizdó)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "гніздо́"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: гніздо́ (hnizdó)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: гніздо́ (hnizdó)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "гнездо́"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: гнездо́ (gnezdó)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: гнездо́ (gnezdó)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "ⰳⱀⱑⰸⰴⱁ",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⰳⱀⱑⰸⰴⱁ (gnězdo)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Glagolitic script: ⰳⱀⱑⰸⰴⱁ (gnězdo)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "гнѣздо",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: гнѣздо (gnězdo)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Cyrillic script: гнѣздо (gnězdo)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "гније́здо",
            "3": "гне́здо",
            "4": "гни́здо",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: гније́здо, гне́здо, гни́здо",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: гније́здо, гне́здо, гни́здо"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "gnijèzdo",
            "3": "gnézdo",
            "4": "gnízdo",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: gnijèzdo, gnézdo, gnízdo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: gnijèzdo, gnézdo, gnízdo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "gnẹ́zdo",
            "alt": "",
            "bor": "",
            "der": "",
            "g": "",
            "pos": "",
            "t": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: gnẹ́zdo",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tonal orthography"
          },
          "expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
          "name": "i"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gnẹ́zdo"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: gnẹ́zdo (tonal orthography)",
          "name": "desc/sl-tonal"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: gnẹ́zdo (tonal orthography)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-ocs",
            "2": "hniezdo"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Czech: hniezdo\nCzech: hnízdo",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Czech: hniezdo\nCzech: hnízdo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-opl",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Old Polish:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Polish:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "gniazdo"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: gniazdo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: gniazdo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "szl",
            "2": "gniŏzdo"
          },
          "expansion": "Silesian: gniŏzdo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Silesian: gniŏzdo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-osk",
            "2": "hniezdo",
            "3": "hnízdo"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Slovak: hniezdo, hnízdo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Slovak: hniezdo, hnízdo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rsk",
            "2": "гнїздо"
          },
          "expansion": "Pannonian Rusyn: гнїздо (hnjizdo)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Pannonian Rusyn: гнїздо (hnjizdo)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "hniezdo"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: hniezdo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: hniezdo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pox",
            "2": "gńozdĕ"
          },
          "expansion": "Polabian: gńozdĕ",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polabian: gńozdĕ"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Pomeranian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "csb",
            "2": "gniôzdo"
          },
          "expansion": "Kashubian: gniôzdo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kashubian: gniôzdo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-slv",
            "2": "gnjozdô"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovincian: gnjozdô",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovincian: gnjozdô"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sorbian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dsb",
            "2": "gnězdo"
          },
          "expansion": "Lower Sorbian: gnězdo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lower Sorbian: gnězdo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "hnězdo"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: hnězdo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: hnězdo"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*nisdá"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *nisdá",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*nisdós"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *nisdós",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "lìzdas"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian lìzdas",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ligzds"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian ligzds",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *nisdá, from Proto-Indo-European *nisdós.\nBaltic cognates include Lithuanian lìzdas, Latvian ligzds, ligzda. The Slavic forms show a different anlaut from the Baltic forms; the Slavic forms have gained an initial *gn- on the basis of some other model such as *gnojь (“manure, pus”), though which particular word was used as a model is hard to say. The choice of *gnojь (“manure, pus”) also has a possible advantage in that it can account for the presence of *ě in *gnězdo, otherwise an anomaly. Skok instead explains the anomalous cluster and the many reflexes in Serbo-Croatian as resulting from various dissimilations of the dental consonants. Mel’nyčuk suggests the initial part of the word was reconstructed on the model of *gněti or its precursor. Matasović proposes a regular sound change in Proto-Slavic that adds prosthetic g- on words beginning with *ně-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gně̄zdò",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "b",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̄zdò",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̃zdě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̄zdà",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̄zdà",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̄zdù",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̃zdъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̄zdù",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̄zdòma",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̄zdòmъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̄zdò",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̃zdě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̄zdà",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̄zdъ̀mь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̄zdòmь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̄zdòma",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̃zdy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̄zdě̀",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̄zdù",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̃zděxъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̄zdò",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̃zdě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gně̄zdà",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gně̄zdò",
        "ap": "b"
      },
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gnězdo",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Slavic hard neuter o-stem nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
        "Proto-Slavic neuter nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
        "Proto-Slavic nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
        "Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
        "Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
        "sla-pro:Animal dwellings"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "nest"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "nest",
          "nest"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Rick Derksen"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "gnězdo"
}

Download raw JSONL data for gnězdo meaning in Proto-Slavic (9.3kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.