See bolto in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "boltěnъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "marshland",
"word": "boltina"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "swampy place",
"word": "bolišče"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "boltuxъ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "swampy",
"word": "boltъ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "болото"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: болото (boloto)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: болото (boloto)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "болото"
},
"expansion": "Old Ruthenian: болото (boloto)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ruthenian: болото (boloto)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "бало́та"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: бало́та (balóta)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: бало́та (balóta)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rue",
"2": "болото"
},
"expansion": "Carpathian Rusyn: болото (boloto)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Carpathian Rusyn: болото (boloto)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "боло́то"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: боло́то (bolóto)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: боло́то (bolóto)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "боло́то"
},
"expansion": "Russian: боло́то (bolóto)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: боло́то (bolóto)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Cyrillic: блато (blato)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Glagolitic: ⰱⰾⰰⱅⱁ (blato)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "бла́то"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: бла́то (bláto)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: бла́то (bláto)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "бла́то"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: бла́то (bláto)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: бла́то (bláto)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "бла̏то",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: бла̏то",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: бла̏то"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "blȁto",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: blȁto",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: blȁto"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "bláto",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: bláto",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bláto"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: bláto (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: bláto (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "bláto"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: bláto",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: bláto"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "bláto"
},
"expansion": "Czech: bláto",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: bláto"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "Chod dialect"
},
"expansion": "(Chod dialect)",
"name": "a"
}
],
"text": "Bohemian (Chod dialect): bláto"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "Mistřice"
},
"expansion": "(Mistřice)",
"name": "a"
}
],
"text": "Moravian (Mistřice): bu̯ato"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "błoto"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: błoto",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: błoto"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "błoto"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: błoto",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: błoto"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "błoto"
},
"expansion": "Polish: błoto",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: błoto"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "blato"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: blato",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: blato"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "błoto"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: błoto",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: błoto"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "błóto"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: błóto",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: błóto"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Non-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "Balaton",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Hungarian: Balaton",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from derivative <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sla-pro\">*boltьno</i>"
},
"expansion": "(from derivative *boltьno)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Hungarian: Balaton (from derivative *boltьno)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "בלאָטע",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Yiddish: בלאָטע (blote)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Yiddish: בלאָטע (blote)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*bálˀtas",
"4": "",
"5": "faint, white"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *bálˀtas (“faint, white”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "báltas",
"3": "",
"4": "white"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian báltas (“white”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "balts",
"3": "",
"4": "white"
},
"expansion": "Latvian balts (“white”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "biel",
"3": "",
"4": "mud, swamp"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish biel (“mud, swamp”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰelH-",
"4": "",
"5": "white"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰelH- (“white”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "baltë",
"3": "",
"4": "mud"
},
"expansion": "Albanian baltë (“mud”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "baltă",
"3": "",
"4": "mud, swamp"
},
"expansion": "Romanian baltă (“mud, swamp”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "βάλτος",
"3": "",
"4": "swamp"
},
"expansion": "Greek βάλτος (váltos, “swamp”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bala",
"3": "",
"4": "marsh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *bala (“marsh”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Most likely substantivized from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bálˀtas (“faint, white”). Cognate with Lithuanian báltas (“white”), balà (“swamp”), Latvian balts (“white”), and the second part of Old Prussian placename Namuyn-balt.\nThe semantic connection between \"white\" and \"swamp, mud\" is not obvious, but has been attested in many languages. Beside the mentioned Lithuanian, also in e.g., Old Polish biel (“mud, swamp”) (< *bělь, from *bělъ (“white”)). This is probably due to the widespread presence of the marsh grass called cottongrass (genus Eriophorum), whose the white fluffy seed heads are white, or the color of the dried clay taking light hue, depending on soil.\nThough formally and semantically derivable from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelH- (“white”), with cognates such as Albanian baltë (“mud”), Romanian baltă (“mud, swamp”) and Greek βάλτος (váltos, “swamp”), it is often considered an Illyrian substratum word (or from another, unidentified substrate language; cf. Proto-Slavic *bala (“marsh”)) due to the fact that most of the cognates are restricted to the Balkan peninsula, or its surroundings. However, these can also be borrowings from early Slavic; indirect evidence shows that the Slavic liquid metathesis and pleophony happened well after the spread of Slavic to the Balkans and the word must have been pronounced as *balta or *bolto as recently as the late 8th century.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bòlto",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "bòlto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bòltě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "bòlta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bòlta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bòltu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bòltъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bòltu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bòltoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bòltomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bòlto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bòltě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bòlta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bòltъmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bòltomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bòltoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "bòltȳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bòltě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bòltu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "bòltě̄xъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bòlto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bòltě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bòlta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bòlto",
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bolto",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "faintness; clump of mud",
"word": "bolna"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-to",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "63 37",
"sense": "*boltьnъ (“swampy; muddy”)",
"word": "boltьno"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 37",
"sense": "*boltьnъ (“swampy; muddy”)",
"word": "boltьnica"
}
],
"glosses": [
"swamp"
],
"id": "en-bolto-sla-pro-noun-2DqQDELU",
"links": [
[
"swamp",
"swamp"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-to",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mud"
],
"id": "en-bolto-sla-pro-noun-rwf~kat8",
"links": [
[
"mud",
"mud"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Eriophorum scheuchzeri",
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "bolto"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic hard neuter o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic neuter nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from substrate languages",
"Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-to"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "boltěnъ"
},
{
"english": "marshland",
"word": "boltina"
},
{
"english": "swampy place",
"word": "bolišče"
},
{
"word": "boltuxъ"
},
{
"english": "swampy",
"word": "boltъ"
},
{
"sense": "*boltьnъ (“swampy; muddy”)",
"word": "boltьno"
},
{
"sense": "*boltьnъ (“swampy; muddy”)",
"word": "boltьnica"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "болото"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: болото (boloto)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: болото (boloto)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "болото"
},
"expansion": "Old Ruthenian: болото (boloto)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ruthenian: болото (boloto)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "бало́та"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: бало́та (balóta)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: бало́та (balóta)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rue",
"2": "болото"
},
"expansion": "Carpathian Rusyn: болото (boloto)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Carpathian Rusyn: болото (boloto)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "боло́то"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: боло́то (bolóto)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: боло́то (bolóto)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "боло́то"
},
"expansion": "Russian: боло́то (bolóto)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: боло́то (bolóto)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Cyrillic: блато (blato)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Glagolitic: ⰱⰾⰰⱅⱁ (blato)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "бла́то"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: бла́то (bláto)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: бла́то (bláto)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "бла́то"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: бла́то (bláto)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: бла́то (bláto)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "бла̏то",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: бла̏то",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: бла̏то"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "blȁto",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: blȁto",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: blȁto"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "bláto",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: bláto",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bláto"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: bláto (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: bláto (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "bláto"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: bláto",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: bláto"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "bláto"
},
"expansion": "Czech: bláto",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: bláto"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "Chod dialect"
},
"expansion": "(Chod dialect)",
"name": "a"
}
],
"text": "Bohemian (Chod dialect): bláto"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "Mistřice"
},
"expansion": "(Mistřice)",
"name": "a"
}
],
"text": "Moravian (Mistřice): bu̯ato"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "błoto"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: błoto",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: błoto"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "błoto"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: błoto",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: błoto"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "błoto"
},
"expansion": "Polish: błoto",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: błoto"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "blato"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: blato",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: blato"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "błoto"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: błoto",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: błoto"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "błóto"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: błóto",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: błóto"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Non-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "Balaton",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Hungarian: Balaton",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from derivative <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sla-pro\">*boltьno</i>"
},
"expansion": "(from derivative *boltьno)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Hungarian: Balaton (from derivative *boltьno)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "בלאָטע",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Yiddish: בלאָטע (blote)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Yiddish: בלאָטע (blote)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*bálˀtas",
"4": "",
"5": "faint, white"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *bálˀtas (“faint, white”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "báltas",
"3": "",
"4": "white"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian báltas (“white”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "balts",
"3": "",
"4": "white"
},
"expansion": "Latvian balts (“white”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "biel",
"3": "",
"4": "mud, swamp"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish biel (“mud, swamp”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰelH-",
"4": "",
"5": "white"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰelH- (“white”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "baltë",
"3": "",
"4": "mud"
},
"expansion": "Albanian baltë (“mud”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "baltă",
"3": "",
"4": "mud, swamp"
},
"expansion": "Romanian baltă (“mud, swamp”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "βάλτος",
"3": "",
"4": "swamp"
},
"expansion": "Greek βάλτος (váltos, “swamp”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bala",
"3": "",
"4": "marsh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *bala (“marsh”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Most likely substantivized from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bálˀtas (“faint, white”). Cognate with Lithuanian báltas (“white”), balà (“swamp”), Latvian balts (“white”), and the second part of Old Prussian placename Namuyn-balt.\nThe semantic connection between \"white\" and \"swamp, mud\" is not obvious, but has been attested in many languages. Beside the mentioned Lithuanian, also in e.g., Old Polish biel (“mud, swamp”) (< *bělь, from *bělъ (“white”)). This is probably due to the widespread presence of the marsh grass called cottongrass (genus Eriophorum), whose the white fluffy seed heads are white, or the color of the dried clay taking light hue, depending on soil.\nThough formally and semantically derivable from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelH- (“white”), with cognates such as Albanian baltë (“mud”), Romanian baltă (“mud, swamp”) and Greek βάλτος (váltos, “swamp”), it is often considered an Illyrian substratum word (or from another, unidentified substrate language; cf. Proto-Slavic *bala (“marsh”)) due to the fact that most of the cognates are restricted to the Balkan peninsula, or its surroundings. However, these can also be borrowings from early Slavic; indirect evidence shows that the Slavic liquid metathesis and pleophony happened well after the spread of Slavic to the Balkans and the word must have been pronounced as *balta or *bolto as recently as the late 8th century.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bòlto",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "bòlto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bòltě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "bòlta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bòlta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bòltu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bòltъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bòltu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bòltoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bòltomъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bòlto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bòltě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bòlta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bòltъmь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bòltomь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bòltoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "bòltȳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bòltě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bòltu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "bòltě̄xъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bòlto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bòltě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bòlta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bòlto",
"ap": "a"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bolto",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "faintness; clump of mud",
"word": "bolna"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"sla-pro:Wetlands"
],
"glosses": [
"swamp"
],
"links": [
[
"swamp",
"swamp"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"mud"
],
"links": [
[
"mud",
"mud"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Eriophorum scheuchzeri",
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "bolto"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bolto meaning in Proto-Slavic (11.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (9a96ef4 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.