See bez(ъ) in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "bjez",
"word": "без"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "bez",
"word": "без"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "bez",
"word": "без"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "bez",
"word": "безъ"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "bez",
"word": "без"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "bezŭ",
"word": "безъ"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "bez",
"word": "без"
},
{
"lang": "Glagolitic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "bez",
"word": "ⰱⰵⰸ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "bez",
"word": "без"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "bez",
"word": "без"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "бѐз"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "bèz"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "bez"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "bez"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "bez"
},
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "bez"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "bez"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "bez"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "bez"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "bez"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "bez"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "beze"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"roman": "bez",
"word": "без"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "bez"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"word": "bez"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "bjez"
},
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "bźez"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*beź"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *beź",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰe",
"pos": "instrumental particle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰe (instrumental particle)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*eǵʰs",
"3": "*-ǵʰs",
"t": "out"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-ǵʰs (“out”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "bè"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian bè",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bez"
},
"expansion": "Latvian bez",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "bhe"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian bhe",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "बहिस्",
"t": "outside",
"tr": "bahís"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit बहिस् (bahís, “outside”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bo",
"3": "",
"4": "for"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *bo (“for”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "bà",
"3": "",
"4": "really"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian bà (“really”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φή",
"3": "",
"4": "like, as"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φή (phḗ, “like, as”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬠𐬁",
"3": "",
"4": "indeed"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬠𐬁 (bā, “indeed”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Continues Proto-Balto-Slavic *beź, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰe (instrumental particle) + Proto-Indo-European *-ǵʰs (“out”). Cognate with Lithuanian bè, Latvian bez, Old Prussian bhe, and likely Sanskrit बहिस् (bahís, “outside”). The first element is probably the same as that in Proto-Slavic *bo (“for”), Lithuanian bà (“really”), Ancient Greek φή (phḗ, “like, as”), Avestan 𐬠𐬁 (bā, “indeed”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bez",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "preposition",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "*bez(ъ)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bez(ъ)",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"alt": "n",
"word": "*sъ"
},
{
"word": "*ba"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"without"
],
"id": "en-bez(ъ)-sla-pro-prep-EhayqIl1",
"links": [
[
"without",
"without"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with genitive) without"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction",
"with-genitive"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "bez(ъ)"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "bjez",
"word": "без"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "bez",
"word": "без"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "bez",
"word": "без"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "bez",
"word": "безъ"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "bez",
"word": "без"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "bezŭ",
"word": "безъ"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "bez",
"word": "без"
},
{
"lang": "Glagolitic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "bez",
"word": "ⰱⰵⰸ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "bez",
"word": "без"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "bez",
"word": "без"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "бѐз"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "bèz"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "bez"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "bez"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "bez"
},
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "bez"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "bez"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "bez"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "bez"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "bez"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "bez"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "beze"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"roman": "bez",
"word": "без"
},
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "bez"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"word": "bez"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "bjez"
},
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "bźez"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*beź"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *beź",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰe",
"pos": "instrumental particle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰe (instrumental particle)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*eǵʰs",
"3": "*-ǵʰs",
"t": "out"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-ǵʰs (“out”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "bè"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian bè",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bez"
},
"expansion": "Latvian bez",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "bhe"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian bhe",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "बहिस्",
"t": "outside",
"tr": "bahís"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit बहिस् (bahís, “outside”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bo",
"3": "",
"4": "for"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *bo (“for”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "bà",
"3": "",
"4": "really"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian bà (“really”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φή",
"3": "",
"4": "like, as"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φή (phḗ, “like, as”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬠𐬁",
"3": "",
"4": "indeed"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬠𐬁 (bā, “indeed”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Continues Proto-Balto-Slavic *beź, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰe (instrumental particle) + Proto-Indo-European *-ǵʰs (“out”). Cognate with Lithuanian bè, Latvian bez, Old Prussian bhe, and likely Sanskrit बहिस् (bahís, “outside”). The first element is probably the same as that in Proto-Slavic *bo (“for”), Lithuanian bà (“really”), Ancient Greek φή (phḗ, “like, as”), Avestan 𐬠𐬁 (bā, “indeed”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bez",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "preposition",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "*bez(ъ)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bez(ъ)",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"alt": "n",
"word": "*sъ"
},
{
"word": "*ba"
}
],
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic prepositions",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
],
"glosses": [
"without"
],
"links": [
[
"without",
"without"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with genitive) without"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction",
"with-genitive"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "bez(ъ)"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bez(ъ) meaning in Proto-Slavic (5.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.