See -ь in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "-ь"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: -ь (-ĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: -ь (-ĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "-ь"
},
"expansion": "Old Ruthenian: -ь (-ʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ruthenian: -ь (-ʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "-ь"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: -ь (-ʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: -ь (-ʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "-ь"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: -ь (-ʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: -ь (-ʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-ь"
},
"expansion": "Russian: -ь (-ʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: -ь (-ʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-ь"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: -ь (-ĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: -ь (-ĭ)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*-is"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *-is",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-is"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-is",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-is"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian -is",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "-is"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian -is",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-is, from Proto-Indo-European *-is. Cognate with Lithuanian -is, Old Prussian -is.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ь f Forms nouns:",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьju",
"roman": "-ju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьjь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьjǫ",
"roman": "-jǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьju",
"roman": "-ju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ь",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "glǫbь ← *glǫbъ (“deep”)"
},
{
"text": "golь ← *golъ (“naked, nude, bare; bald”)"
},
{
"text": "bělь ← *bělъ (“white”)"
},
{
"text": "glušь ← *gluxъ (“deaf”)"
},
{
"text": "moldь ← *moldъ (“young”)"
},
{
"text": "četvьrtь (“quarter”) ← *četvьrtъ (“fourth”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"From adjectives"
],
"id": "en--ь-sla-pro-suffix-6F7s4AvY",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*-ina"
},
{
"word": "*-ota"
},
{
"word": "*-yni"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 63 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 59 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 54 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "kopanь ← *kopanъ ← *kopati (“to dig”)"
},
{
"text": "oranь ← *oranъ ← *orati (“to plow/plough”)"
},
{
"text": "dьranь ← *dьranъ ← *dьrati (“to tear, flay”)"
},
{
"text": "opuxlь ← *opuxlъ ← *opuxnǫti"
},
{
"text": "orsědlь ← *orsědlъ ← *orsěsti"
}
],
"glosses": [
"From participles"
],
"id": "en--ь-sla-pro-suffix-Jp2NO5un",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*-ina"
},
{
"word": "*-ica"
},
{
"word": "*-ъka"
},
{
"word": "*-ъkъ"
},
{
"word": "*-ьcь"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "obuvь (“footwear”) ← **obovь ← *obuti (“to put on footwear”)"
},
{
"text": "blędь ← *blęsti (pres. *blędǫ)"
},
{
"text": "gręzь ← *gręzti (pres. *gręzǫ)"
},
{
"text": "rěčь ← *reťi (“to say”) (pres. *rekǫ)"
},
{
"text": "mazь ← *mazati (“to smear”) (pres. *mažǫ)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"From verbs"
],
"id": "en--ь-sla-pro-suffix-ne5D7GaP",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*-ъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "-ja"
}
],
"word": "-ь"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic feminine suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "-ь"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: -ь (-ĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: -ь (-ĭ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "-ь"
},
"expansion": "Old Ruthenian: -ь (-ʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ruthenian: -ь (-ʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "-ь"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: -ь (-ʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: -ь (-ʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "-ь"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: -ь (-ʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: -ь (-ʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-ь"
},
"expansion": "Russian: -ь (-ʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: -ь (-ʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-ь"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: -ь (-ĭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: -ь (-ĭ)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*-is"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *-is",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-is"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-is",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-is"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian -is",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "-is"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian -is",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-is, from Proto-Indo-European *-is. Cognate with Lithuanian -is, Old Prussian -is.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ь f Forms nouns:",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьju",
"roman": "-ju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьjь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьjǫ",
"roman": "-jǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьju",
"roman": "-ju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ьxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ь",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "glǫbь ← *glǫbъ (“deep”)"
},
{
"text": "golь ← *golъ (“naked, nude, bare; bald”)"
},
{
"text": "bělь ← *bělъ (“white”)"
},
{
"text": "glušь ← *gluxъ (“deaf”)"
},
{
"text": "moldь ← *moldъ (“young”)"
},
{
"text": "četvьrtь (“quarter”) ← *četvьrtъ (“fourth”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"From adjectives"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*-ina"
},
{
"word": "*-ota"
},
{
"word": "*-yni"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "kopanь ← *kopanъ ← *kopati (“to dig”)"
},
{
"text": "oranь ← *oranъ ← *orati (“to plow/plough”)"
},
{
"text": "dьranь ← *dьranъ ← *dьrati (“to tear, flay”)"
},
{
"text": "opuxlь ← *opuxlъ ← *opuxnǫti"
},
{
"text": "orsědlь ← *orsědlъ ← *orsěsti"
}
],
"glosses": [
"From participles"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*-ina"
},
{
"word": "*-ica"
},
{
"word": "*-ъka"
},
{
"word": "*-ъkъ"
},
{
"word": "*-ьcь"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "obuvь (“footwear”) ← **obovь ← *obuti (“to put on footwear”)"
},
{
"text": "blędь ← *blęsti (pres. *blędǫ)"
},
{
"text": "gręzь ← *gręzti (pres. *gręzǫ)"
},
{
"text": "rěčь ← *reťi (“to say”) (pres. *rekǫ)"
},
{
"text": "mazь ← *mazati (“to smear”) (pres. *mažǫ)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"From verbs"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*-ъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ja"
}
],
"word": "-ь"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ь meaning in Proto-Slavic (5.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.