"-pъ" meaning in Proto-Slavic

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "onomatopoeic",
      "name": "onomatopoeic"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "puff"
      },
      "expansion": "English puff",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "flop"
      },
      "expansion": "English flop",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Nominal suffix of onomatopoeic origin, expressing muffling or resonant nuance to the specified sound. Exhibits parallels in other Indo-European languages, cf. English puff or English flop, however, no common ancestral origin could be established. Most of the derived terms with this ending were later grammaticized.",
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-pъ",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "57 8 11 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic onomatopoeias",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "tropъ (“stamp, step, dot”) ← *tropati (“to stamp, to pierce”) ← *xop-trop!"
        },
        {
          "text": "xlopъ (“knock, clap”) ← *xlopati (“to knock”) ← *xlop!"
        },
        {
          "text": "tupъ (“thump, flop”) ← *tupati (“to thump, to plump”) ← *tup-tup!"
        },
        {
          "text": "copъ (“sound of disturbed water”) ← *copnǫti (“to jump into water”) ← *cop!"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "From expressive or onomatopoeic interjections, forms onomatopoeic action nouns referring to the respective interjection"
      ],
      "id": "en--pъ-sla-pro-suffix-UNGun1vm",
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*-skъ"
        },
        {
          "word": "*-kъ"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-pъ"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*glupъ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "stupid"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *glupъ (“stupid”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*glumъ",
        "3": "",
        "4": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *glumъ",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*vorpъ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "assault, ripple, wrinkle"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *vorpъ (“assault, ripple, wrinkle”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*verti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to shove, to thrust"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *verti (“to shove, to thrust”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*vьrtěti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn, to rotate"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *vьrtěti (“to turn, to rotate”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*-pos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-pos",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "वर्पस्",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shape, form"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit वर्पस् (varpas, “shape, form”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "-ópas"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian -ópas",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "*antrópas",
        "3": "",
        "4": "different"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian *antrópas (“different”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain. There have been various ad hoc attempts to explain concrete derivatives.\nEncountered as an extension to roots in parallel to resembling derivatives with other extensions, e.g.:\n* Proto-Slavic *glupъ (“stupid”): compared with Proto-Slavic *glumъ, *gluxъ (“deaf”).\n* Proto-Slavic *vorpъ (“assault, ripple, wrinkle”): compared with Proto-Slavic *verti (“to shove, to thrust”), *vьrěti (“to brew, to boil”), *vьrlъ (“enraged, violent”) and forms related to Proto-Slavic *vьrtěti (“to turn, to rotate”).\nPossibly inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-pos, cf. Sanskrit वर्पस् (varpas, “shape, form”). Compare Lithuanian -ópas attested in Lithuanian *antrópas (“different”), savópas (“particular”), dvejópas (“binary”), etc.",
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-pъ",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "sverěpъ (“wild, cruel”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forms adjectives from roots:",
        "Forms adjectives from roots"
      ],
      "id": "en--pъ-sla-pro-suffix-6zMc1qMj",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Forms adjectives from roots:"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "vьrtъpъ (“whirlpool”), *vьrtьpъ (“cave; garden”) ← *vьrtъ (“turn, enclosure”) ← *vьrtěti (“to turn, to rotate”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "kъrľepъ (“tick”) ← *kъrľь (“stinger”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "snopъ (“bundle, sheaf”) ← *snuti (“warp”) (possibly)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forms resultative or object nouns from adjectives or verbs:",
        "Forms resultative or object nouns from adjectives or verbs"
      ],
      "id": "en--pъ-sla-pro-suffix-amqFeTHI",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Forms resultative or object nouns from adjectives or verbs:"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "skorupa (“shell, hull”) ← *skora (“bast, skin”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "gorupъ (“bittercress”) ← *gorьkъ (“bitter, hot”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forms nouns expressing a state from base nouns or adjectives with the addition of *-(l)u-. Equivalent to *-upъ:",
        "Forms nouns expressing a state from base nouns or adjectives with the addition of *-(l)u-. Equivalent to *-upъ"
      ],
      "id": "en--pъ-sla-pro-suffix-wdKBmJGw",
      "links": [
        [
          "*-upъ",
          "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-upъ#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Forms nouns expressing a state from base nouns or adjectives with the addition of *-(l)u-. Equivalent to *-upъ:"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Oleg Trubachyov"
  ],
  "word": "-pъ"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Proto-Slavic adjective-forming suffixes",
    "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
    "Proto-Slavic masculine suffixes",
    "Proto-Slavic noun-forming suffixes",
    "Proto-Slavic onomatopoeias",
    "Proto-Slavic suffixes",
    "Proto-Slavic terms with unknown etymologies"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "onomatopoeic",
      "name": "onomatopoeic"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "puff"
      },
      "expansion": "English puff",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "flop"
      },
      "expansion": "English flop",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Nominal suffix of onomatopoeic origin, expressing muffling or resonant nuance to the specified sound. Exhibits parallels in other Indo-European languages, cf. English puff or English flop, however, no common ancestral origin could be established. Most of the derived terms with this ending were later grammaticized.",
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-pъ",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "tropъ (“stamp, step, dot”) ← *tropati (“to stamp, to pierce”) ← *xop-trop!"
        },
        {
          "text": "xlopъ (“knock, clap”) ← *xlopati (“to knock”) ← *xlop!"
        },
        {
          "text": "tupъ (“thump, flop”) ← *tupati (“to thump, to plump”) ← *tup-tup!"
        },
        {
          "text": "copъ (“sound of disturbed water”) ← *copnǫti (“to jump into water”) ← *cop!"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "From expressive or onomatopoeic interjections, forms onomatopoeic action nouns referring to the respective interjection"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*-skъ"
        },
        {
          "word": "*-kъ"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-pъ"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Proto-Slavic adjective-forming suffixes",
    "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
    "Proto-Slavic suffixes",
    "Proto-Slavic terms with unknown etymologies"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*glupъ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "stupid"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *glupъ (“stupid”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*glumъ",
        "3": "",
        "4": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *glumъ",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*vorpъ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "assault, ripple, wrinkle"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *vorpъ (“assault, ripple, wrinkle”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*verti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to shove, to thrust"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *verti (“to shove, to thrust”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*vьrtěti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn, to rotate"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *vьrtěti (“to turn, to rotate”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*-pos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-pos",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "वर्पस्",
        "3": "",
        "4": "shape, form"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit वर्पस् (varpas, “shape, form”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "-ópas"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian -ópas",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "*antrópas",
        "3": "",
        "4": "different"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian *antrópas (“different”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain. There have been various ad hoc attempts to explain concrete derivatives.\nEncountered as an extension to roots in parallel to resembling derivatives with other extensions, e.g.:\n* Proto-Slavic *glupъ (“stupid”): compared with Proto-Slavic *glumъ, *gluxъ (“deaf”).\n* Proto-Slavic *vorpъ (“assault, ripple, wrinkle”): compared with Proto-Slavic *verti (“to shove, to thrust”), *vьrěti (“to brew, to boil”), *vьrlъ (“enraged, violent”) and forms related to Proto-Slavic *vьrtěti (“to turn, to rotate”).\nPossibly inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-pos, cf. Sanskrit वर्पस् (varpas, “shape, form”). Compare Lithuanian -ópas attested in Lithuanian *antrópas (“different”), savópas (“particular”), dvejópas (“binary”), etc.",
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-pъ",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "sverěpъ (“wild, cruel”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forms adjectives from roots:",
        "Forms adjectives from roots"
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Forms adjectives from roots:"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Slovene terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "vьrtъpъ (“whirlpool”), *vьrtьpъ (“cave; garden”) ← *vьrtъ (“turn, enclosure”) ← *vьrtěti (“to turn, to rotate”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "kъrľepъ (“tick”) ← *kъrľь (“stinger”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "snopъ (“bundle, sheaf”) ← *snuti (“warp”) (possibly)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forms resultative or object nouns from adjectives or verbs:",
        "Forms resultative or object nouns from adjectives or verbs"
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Forms resultative or object nouns from adjectives or verbs:"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "skorupa (“shell, hull”) ← *skora (“bast, skin”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "gorupъ (“bittercress”) ← *gorьkъ (“bitter, hot”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forms nouns expressing a state from base nouns or adjectives with the addition of *-(l)u-. Equivalent to *-upъ:",
        "Forms nouns expressing a state from base nouns or adjectives with the addition of *-(l)u-. Equivalent to *-upъ"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "*-upъ",
          "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-upъ#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Forms nouns expressing a state from base nouns or adjectives with the addition of *-(l)u-. Equivalent to *-upъ:"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Oleg Trubachyov"
  ],
  "word": "-pъ"
}