"čerda" meaning in Proto-Slavic

See čerda in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Etymology: From Proto-Balto-Slavic *(s)kerdāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerdʰ-. Baltic cognates include Lithuanian ker̃džius (“shepherd”), sker̃džius (“shepherd”), Old Prussian kērdan (“time (acc. sg.)”). Indo-European cognates include Proto-Germanic *herdō (“herd”), and possibly Sanskrit शर्ध m (śárdha, “host (of Maruts)”) and Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (sar^əδa, “kind, nature”). Etymology templates: {{inh|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|*(s)kerdāˀ}} Proto-Balto-Slavic *(s)kerdāˀ, {{inh|sla-pro|ine-pro|*ḱerdʰ-}} Proto-Indo-European *ḱerdʰ-, {{cog|lt|ker̃džius|t=shepherd}} Lithuanian ker̃džius (“shepherd”), {{cog|prg|kērdan|t=time (acc. sg.)}} Old Prussian kērdan (“time (acc. sg.)”), {{cog|gem-pro|*herdō|t=herd}} Proto-Germanic *herdō (“herd”), {{cog|sa|शर्ध|g=m|t=host (of Maruts)|tr=śárdha}} Sanskrit शर्ध m (śárdha, “host (of Maruts)”), {{cog|ae|𐬯𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀|t=kind, nature}} Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (sar^əδa, “kind, nature”) Inflection templates: {{sla-decl-noun|čērdà|ap=b}} Forms: čērdà [canonical, feminine], no-table-tags [table-tags], b [accent-paradigm], čērdà [nominative, singular], čẽrdě [dual, nominative], čērdỳ [nominative, plural], čērdỳ [genitive, singular], čērdù [dual, genitive], čẽrdъ [genitive, plural], čērdě̀ [dative, singular], čērdàma [dative, dual], čērdàmъ [dative, plural], čērdǫ̀ [accusative, singular], čẽrdě [accusative, dual], čērdỳ [accusative, plural], čērdòjǫ [instrumental, singular], čẽrdǫ [instrumental, singular], čērdàma [dual, instrumental], čērdàmī [instrumental, plural], čērdě̀ [locative, singular], čērdù [dual, locative], čērdàsъ [locative, plural], čērdàxъ [locative, plural], čerdo [singular, vocative], čẽrdě [dual, vocative], čērdỳ [plural, vocative]
  1. file, herd Wikipedia link: Rick Derksen Tags: reconstruction Synonyms: čẽrdъ Derived forms: čērdìti

Download JSON data for čerda meaning in Proto-Slavic (9.7kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "череда"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: череда (čereda)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: череда (čereda)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "чарада́"
          },
          "expansion": "Belarusian: чарада́ (čaradá)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Belarusian: чарада́ (čaradá)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "obsolete"
          },
          "expansion": "(obsolete)",
          "name": "i"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "i"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "череда́",
            "t": "sequence, file, turn (obsolete), herd of cattle (dialectal)"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: череда́ (čeredá, “sequence, file, turn (obsolete), herd of cattle (dialectal)”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "i"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: череда́ (čeredá, “sequence, file, turn (obsolete), herd of cattle (dialectal)”), acc. череду́ (čeredú), че́реду (čéredu) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "череда́"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: череда́ (čeredá)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: череда́ (čeredá)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "czereda",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Polish: czereda",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Polish: czereda"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "yi",
            "2": "טשערעדע",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Yiddish: טשערעדע (tsherede)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Yiddish: טשערעדע (tsherede)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Cyrillic: чрѣда (črěda)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Glagolitic: [Term?]"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "черда́",
            "t": "herd of cattle"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: черда́ (čerdá, “herd of cattle”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: черда́ (čerdá, “herd of cattle”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "чре́да",
            "sclb": "1",
            "t": "turn, sequence"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: чре́да (“turn, sequence”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: чре́да (“turn, sequence”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "čréda",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: čréda",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: čréda"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "črẹ́da",
            "alt": "",
            "bor": "",
            "der": "",
            "g": "",
            "pos": "",
            "t": "herd, flock, row"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: črẹ́da (“herd, flock, row”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tonal orthography"
          },
          "expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
          "name": "i"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "črẹ́da",
            "gloss": "herd, flock, row"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: črẹ́da (“herd, flock, row”) (tonal orthography)",
          "name": "desc/sl-tonal"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: črẹ́da (“herd, flock, row”) (tonal orthography)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "čřieda"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: čřieda",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: čřieda"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "třída"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: třída",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: třída"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-opl",
            "2": "trzoda"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Polish: trzoda, czroda, czrzoda, strzeda\nPolish: trzoda",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Polish: trzoda, czroda, czrzoda, strzeda\nPolish: trzoda"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "črieda",
            "t": "herd"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: črieda (“herd”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: črieda (“herd”), trieda (“class”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-slv",
            "2": "strzóda",
            "t": "herd"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovincian: strzóda (“herd”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovincian: strzóda (“herd”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sorbian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "črjóda",
            "t": "multitude"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: črjóda (“multitude”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: črjóda (“multitude”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Non-Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "cireadă",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Romanian: cireadă",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Romanian: cireadă"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hu",
            "2": "csorda",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Hungarian: csorda",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Hungarian: csorda"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "ciurdă",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Romanian: ciurdă",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Romanian: ciurdă"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*(s)kerdāˀ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *(s)kerdāˀ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ḱerdʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱerdʰ-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "ker̃džius",
        "t": "shepherd"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian ker̃džius (“shepherd”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prg",
        "2": "kērdan",
        "t": "time (acc. sg.)"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Prussian kērdan (“time (acc. sg.)”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*herdō",
        "t": "herd"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *herdō (“herd”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "शर्ध",
        "g": "m",
        "t": "host (of Maruts)",
        "tr": "śárdha"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit शर्ध m (śárdha, “host (of Maruts)”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬯𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀",
        "t": "kind, nature"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (sar^əδa, “kind, nature”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *(s)kerdāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerdʰ-.\nBaltic cognates include\nLithuanian ker̃džius (“shepherd”), sker̃džius (“shepherd”), Old Prussian kērdan (“time (acc. sg.)”).\nIndo-European cognates include Proto-Germanic *herdō (“herd”), and possibly Sanskrit शर्ध m (śárdha, “host (of Maruts)”) and Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (sar^əδa, “kind, nature”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "čērdà",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "b",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čērdà",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čẽrdě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čērdỳ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čērdỳ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čērdù",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čẽrdъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čērdě̀",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čērdàma",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čērdàmъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čērdǫ̀",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čẽrdě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čērdỳ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čērdòjǫ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čẽrdǫ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čērdàma",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čērdàmī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čērdě̀",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čērdù",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čērdàsъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čērdàxъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čerdo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čẽrdě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čērdỳ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "čērdà",
        "ap": "b"
      },
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čerda",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
          "parents": [
            "Quotations with omitted translation",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "čērdìti"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "file, herd"
      ],
      "id": "en-čerda-sla-pro-noun-umcCD~ZH",
      "links": [
        [
          "file",
          "file"
        ],
        [
          "herd",
          "herd"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "čẽrdъ"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Rick Derksen"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "čerda"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "čērdìti"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "череда"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: череда (čereda)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: череда (čereda)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "чарада́"
          },
          "expansion": "Belarusian: чарада́ (čaradá)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Belarusian: чарада́ (čaradá)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "obsolete"
          },
          "expansion": "(obsolete)",
          "name": "i"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "i"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "череда́",
            "t": "sequence, file, turn (obsolete), herd of cattle (dialectal)"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: череда́ (čeredá, “sequence, file, turn (obsolete), herd of cattle (dialectal)”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "i"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: череда́ (čeredá, “sequence, file, turn (obsolete), herd of cattle (dialectal)”), acc. череду́ (čeredú), че́реду (čéredu) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "череда́"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: череда́ (čeredá)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: череда́ (čeredá)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "czereda",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Polish: czereda",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Polish: czereda"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "yi",
            "2": "טשערעדע",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Yiddish: טשערעדע (tsherede)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Yiddish: טשערעדע (tsherede)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Cyrillic: чрѣда (črěda)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Glagolitic: [Term?]"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "черда́",
            "t": "herd of cattle"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: черда́ (čerdá, “herd of cattle”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: черда́ (čerdá, “herd of cattle”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "чре́да",
            "sclb": "1",
            "t": "turn, sequence"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: чре́да (“turn, sequence”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: чре́да (“turn, sequence”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "čréda",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: čréda",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: čréda"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "črẹ́da",
            "alt": "",
            "bor": "",
            "der": "",
            "g": "",
            "pos": "",
            "t": "herd, flock, row"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: črẹ́da (“herd, flock, row”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tonal orthography"
          },
          "expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
          "name": "i"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "črẹ́da",
            "gloss": "herd, flock, row"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: črẹ́da (“herd, flock, row”) (tonal orthography)",
          "name": "desc/sl-tonal"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: črẹ́da (“herd, flock, row”) (tonal orthography)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "čřieda"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: čřieda",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: čřieda"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "třída"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: třída",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: třída"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-opl",
            "2": "trzoda"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Polish: trzoda, czroda, czrzoda, strzeda\nPolish: trzoda",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Polish: trzoda, czroda, czrzoda, strzeda\nPolish: trzoda"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "črieda",
            "t": "herd"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: črieda (“herd”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: črieda (“herd”), trieda (“class”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-slv",
            "2": "strzóda",
            "t": "herd"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovincian: strzóda (“herd”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovincian: strzóda (“herd”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sorbian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "črjóda",
            "t": "multitude"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: črjóda (“multitude”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: črjóda (“multitude”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Non-Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "cireadă",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Romanian: cireadă",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Romanian: cireadă"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hu",
            "2": "csorda",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Hungarian: csorda",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Hungarian: csorda"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "ciurdă",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Romanian: ciurdă",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Romanian: ciurdă"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*(s)kerdāˀ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *(s)kerdāˀ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ḱerdʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱerdʰ-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "ker̃džius",
        "t": "shepherd"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian ker̃džius (“shepherd”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prg",
        "2": "kērdan",
        "t": "time (acc. sg.)"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Prussian kērdan (“time (acc. sg.)”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*herdō",
        "t": "herd"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *herdō (“herd”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "शर्ध",
        "g": "m",
        "t": "host (of Maruts)",
        "tr": "śárdha"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit शर्ध m (śárdha, “host (of Maruts)”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬯𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀",
        "t": "kind, nature"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (sar^əδa, “kind, nature”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *(s)kerdāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerdʰ-.\nBaltic cognates include\nLithuanian ker̃džius (“shepherd”), sker̃džius (“shepherd”), Old Prussian kērdan (“time (acc. sg.)”).\nIndo-European cognates include Proto-Germanic *herdō (“herd”), and possibly Sanskrit शर्ध m (śárdha, “host (of Maruts)”) and Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (sar^əδa, “kind, nature”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "čērdà",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "b",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čērdà",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čẽrdě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čērdỳ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čērdỳ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čērdù",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čẽrdъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čērdě̀",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čērdàma",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čērdàmъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čērdǫ̀",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čẽrdě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čērdỳ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čērdòjǫ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čẽrdǫ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čērdàma",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čērdàmī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čērdě̀",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čērdù",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čērdàsъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čērdàxъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čerdo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čẽrdě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "čērdỳ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "čērdà",
        "ap": "b"
      },
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čerda",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
        "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
        "Proto-Slavic nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
        "Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
        "Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
        "Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
        "Undetermined terms with quotations"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "file, herd"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "file",
          "file"
        ],
        [
          "herd",
          "herd"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Rick Derksen"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "čẽrdъ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "čerda"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (384852d and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.