volděti

volděnьje (noun-from-verb)
volděti (infinitive)
voldětъ (supine)
voldělъ (l-participle)
volděnъ (participle passive past)
voldějemъ (participle passive present)
volděvъ (active participle past)
volděję (active participle present)
volděxъ (aorist first-person singular)
voldě (aorist second-person singular)
voldě (aorist singular third-person)
voldějǫ (first-person present singular)
volděješi (present second-person singular)
voldějetь (present singular third-person)
volděxově (aorist dual first-person)
volděsta (aorist dual second-person)
volděste (aorist dual third-person)
voldějevě (dual first-person present)
voldějeta (dual present second-person)
voldějete (dual present third-person)
volděxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
volděste (aorist plural second-person)
volděšę (aorist plural third-person)
voldějemъ (first-person plural present)
voldějete (plural present second-person)
voldějǫtь (plural present third-person)
volděaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
volděaše (imperfect second-person singular)
volděaše (imperfect singular third-person)
volději (imperative second-person singular)
volději (imperative singular third-person)
volděaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
volděašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
volděašete (dual imperfect third-person)
voldějivě (dual first-person imperative)
voldějita (dual imperative second-person)
volděaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
volděašete (imperfect plural second-person)
volděaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
voldějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
voldějite (imperative plural second-person)
voldanьje (noun-from-verb)
voldati (infinitive)
voldatъ (supine)
voldalъ (l-participle)
voldanъ (participle passive past)
voldomъ (participle passive present)
voldavъ (active participle past)
voldy (active participle present)
voldaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
volda (aorist second-person singular)
volda (aorist singular third-person)
voldǫ (first-person present singular)
voldeši (present second-person singular)
voldetь (present singular third-person)
voldaxově (aorist dual first-person)
voldasta (aorist dual second-person)
voldaste (aorist dual third-person)
voldevě (dual first-person present)
voldeta (dual present second-person)
voldete (dual present third-person)
voldaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
voldaste (aorist plural second-person)
voldašę (aorist plural third-person)
voldemъ (first-person plural present)
voldete (plural present second-person)
voldǫtь (plural present third-person)
voldaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
voldaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
voldaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
voldi (imperative second-person singular)
voldi (imperative singular third-person)
voldaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
voldaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
voldaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
volděvě (dual first-person imperative)
volděta (dual imperative second-person)
voldaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
voldaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
voldaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
volděmъ (first-person imperative plural)
volděte (imperative plural second-person)
voldanьje (noun-from-verb)
voldati (infinitive)
voldatъ (supine)
voldalъ (l-participle)
voldanъ (participle passive past)
voldajemъ (participle passive present)
voldavъ (active participle past)
voldaję (active participle present)
voldaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
volda (aorist second-person singular)
volda (aorist singular third-person)
voldajǫ (first-person present singular)
voldaješi (present second-person singular)
voldajetь (present singular third-person)
voldaxově (aorist dual first-person)
voldasta (aorist dual second-person)
voldaste (aorist dual third-person)
voldajevě (dual first-person present)
voldajeta (dual present second-person)
voldajete (dual present third-person)
voldaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
voldaste (aorist plural second-person)
voldašę (aorist plural third-person)
voldajemъ (first-person plural present)
voldajete (plural present second-person)
voldajǫtь (plural present third-person)
voldaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
voldaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
voldaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
voldaji (imperative second-person singular)
voldaji (imperative singular third-person)
voldaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
voldaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
voldaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
voldajivě (dual first-person imperative)
voldajita (dual imperative second-person)
voldaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
voldaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
voldaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
voldajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
voldajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: володѣти (voloděti)

Old Ruthenian: володѣти (voloděti)

Ukrainian: володі́ти (volodíty)

Russian: володе́ть (volodétʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: владѣти (vladěti), владати (vladati)

Glagolitic script: [Term?]

Bulgarian: владе́я (vladéja)

Macedonian: владее (vladee)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: вла́дати

Latin script: vládati

Slovene: vládati, ládati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: vládnout

Old Polish: włodać

Polish: władać

→ Belarusian: улада́ць (uladácʹ)

Slovak: vládať

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *walˀdā́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁dʰh₁-, from *h₂welh₁- (“to rule”). Cognates include Lithuanian valdýti (“to rule, to govern, to wield”) (3sg. val̃do, 3sg. past val̃dė), Latvian vàldît (“to rule, to govern, to wield”), Lithuanian veldė́ti (“to inherit”), Old Prussian walduns, weldūns (“heir”), weldīsnan (“legacy”), Old Lithuanian pavilsti (“to inherit”), pavildė́ti (“to own”), English wield.


svьrběti

svьrběnьje (noun-from-verb)
svьrběti (infinitive)
svьrbětъ (supine)
svьrbělъ (l-participle)
svьrběvъ (active participle past)
svьrbę (active participle present)
svьrběxъ (aorist first-person singular)
svьrbě (aorist second-person singular)
svьrbě (aorist singular third-person)
svьrbľǫ (first-person present singular)
svьrbiši (present second-person singular)
svьrbitь (present singular third-person)
svьrběxově (aorist dual first-person)
svьrběsta (aorist dual second-person)
svьrběste (aorist dual third-person)
svьrbivě (dual first-person present)
svьrbita (dual present second-person)
svьrbite (dual present third-person)
svьrběxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
svьrběste (aorist plural second-person)
svьrběšę (aorist plural third-person)
svьrbimъ (first-person plural present)
svьrbite (plural present second-person)
svьrbętь (plural present third-person)
svьrběaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
svьrběaše (imperfect second-person singular)
svьrběaše (imperfect singular third-person)
svьrbi (imperative second-person singular)
svьrbi (imperative singular third-person)
svьrběaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
svьrběašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
svьrběašete (dual imperfect third-person)
svьrbivě (dual first-person imperative)
svьrbita (dual imperative second-person)
svьrběaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
svьrběašete (imperfect plural second-person)
svьrběaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
svьrbimъ (first-person imperative plural)
svьrbite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: свярбе́ць (svjarbjécʹ)

desc

Russian: свербе́ть (sverbétʹ, “to itch, to irritate (colloquial)”)

Ukrainian: свербі́ти (sverbíty, “to itch”)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: сърбя́ (sǎrbjá, “to itch”)

Macedonian: сврби (svrbi, “to itch”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: свр̀бети

Latin script: svŕbeti

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: srbẹ́ti (“to itch”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. srbím (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: svrběti

Czech: svrbět

Old Polish: świrbieć
Polish: świerzbić

Slovak: svrbieť (“to itch”)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: swjerbjeś

* Per Derksen, from Proto-Indo-European *swr̥bʰ-, from *swerbʰ-. Cognate with Lithuanian skver̃bti (“to pierce”).
* Per Vasmer, cognate with Latvian svãrpsts (“drill”), Old Norse svarf (“sawdust”).


tajati

tàjati (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
tajanьje (noun-from-verb)
tajati (infinitive)
tajatъ (supine)
tajalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
tajanъ (participle passive past)
tajemъ (participle passive present)
tajavъ (active participle past)
taję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
tajaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
taja (aorist second-person singular)
taja (aorist singular third-person)
tajǫ (first-person present singular)
taješi (present second-person singular)
tajetь (present singular third-person)
tajaxově (aorist dual first-person)
tajasta (aorist dual second-person)
tajaste (aorist dual third-person)
tajevě (dual first-person present)
tajeta (dual present second-person)
tajete (dual present third-person)
tajaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tajaste (aorist plural second-person)
tajašę (aorist plural third-person)
tajemъ (first-person plural present)
tajete (plural present second-person)
tajǫtь (plural present third-person)
tajaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tajaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tajaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
taji (imperative second-person singular)
taji (imperative singular third-person)
tajaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tajaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tajaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tajivě (dual first-person imperative)
tajita (dual imperative second-person)
tajaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tajaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tajaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
tajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: таꙗти (tajati), 1sg. таю (taju)

desc

Russian: та́ять (tájatʹ, “to melt, to thaw, to dwindle”), 1sg. та́ю (táju)

Ukrainian: та́яти (tájaty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: таꙗти (tajati), 1sg. таѭ (tajǫ)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: та́я (tája, “to melt slowly”), 2sg. та́еш (táeš) (dialectal)

Macedonian: таи (tai, “to melt”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: та̏јати (“to thaw”)

Latin script: tȁjati (“to thaw”)

Slovene: tájati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: táti

Czech: tát

Old Polish: tajać

Polish: tajać

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: tać

Lower Sorbian: tajaś

From Proto-Indo-European *teh₂-. Cognate with Ancient Greek τήκω (tḗkō, “to melt”) (Dorian dialect τᾱ́κω (tā́kō)), Latin tābeō (“to melt, to dwindle”), Welsh tawdd (“dripping”), Old English þāwian (“to thaw”), English thaw, Albanian thaj (“to dry up, to thaw”), Ossetian тайын (tajyn, “to melt”), Old Armenian թանամ (tʻanam, “to moisten, to wet”). Compare also Czech tavit (“to melt”), Slovak taviť (“to melt”).


sovati

sovanьje (noun-from-verb)
sovati (infinitive)
sovatъ (supine)
sovalъ (l-participle)
sovanъ (participle passive past)
sujemъ (participle passive present)
sovavъ (active participle past)
suję (active participle present)
sovaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sova (aorist second-person singular)
sova (aorist singular third-person)
sujǫ (first-person present singular)
suješi (present second-person singular)
sujetь (present singular third-person)
sovaxově (aorist dual first-person)
sovasta (aorist dual second-person)
sovaste (aorist dual third-person)
sujevě (dual first-person present)
sujeta (dual present second-person)
sujete (dual present third-person)
sovaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sovaste (aorist plural second-person)
sovašę (aorist plural third-person)
sujemъ (first-person plural present)
sujete (plural present second-person)
sujǫtь (plural present third-person)
sovaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sovaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sovaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
suji (imperative second-person singular)
suji (imperative singular third-person)
sovaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sovaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sovaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sujivě (dual first-person imperative)
sujita (dual imperative second-person)
sovaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sovaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sovaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sujimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sujite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: совати (sovati, “to throw (a javelin)”)

Belarusian: со́ваць (sóvacʹ)

Russian: сова́ть (sovátʹ, “to shove, to thrust”)

Ukrainian: со́вати (sóvaty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱁⰲⰰⱅⰻ (sovati)

Old Cyrillic script: совати (sovati)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: suváti (“to thrust, to knock”) (tonal orthography); súvati (“to thrust, to knock”); sováti (“to thrust, to knock”)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sovati (“to shove”)

Czech: souvati (“to shove”) (obsolete except in prefixed verbs)

Polish: suwać (“to shove, to slide”)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: suwać

Lower Sorbian: suwaś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śauˀ-. Cognate with Lithuanian šáuti (“to shoot, to shove”) (1sg. šáuju, šóviau), Latvian šaũt (“to shoot, to shove”) (1sg. šaũju, šaũnu, šãvu), East Latvian dialectal saũt (“to shoot, to shove”).
* Per Derksen, no clear cognates outside of Balto-Slavic.
* Per Vasmer, potentially cognate with Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌴𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (skēwjan, “to wander, to walk”), as well as Old High German sciozzan (“to shoot”), Old Norse skjóta (“to shoot, to move, to push”), Old English sċēotan (“to shoot”), English shoot, Albanian heth (“to throw, to winnow (grain)”) (aorist hodha).
* Per Trubachev, cognate with Hittite [script needed] (šuu̯āi-, “to push, to move”), Sanskrit सुवति (suvati, “to set in motion”) (although this precludes any connection with the above Balto-Slavic and other cognates, and assumes underlying Proto-Indo-European *s- rather than *ḱ-).


sъměti

sъmě̀ti (canonical imperfective)
sъměti (infinitive)
sъmětъ (supine)
sъmělъ (l-participle)
sъměvъ (active participle past)
sъměję (active participle present)
sъměxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sъmě (aorist second-person singular)
sъmě (aorist singular third-person)
sъmějǫ (first-person present singular)
sъměješi (present second-person singular)
sъmějetь (present singular third-person)
sъměxově (aorist dual first-person)
sъměsta (aorist dual second-person)
sъměste (aorist dual third-person)
sъmějevě (dual first-person present)
sъmějeta (dual present second-person)
sъmějete (dual present third-person)
sъměxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sъměste (aorist plural second-person)
sъměšę (aorist plural third-person)
sъmějemъ (first-person plural present)
sъmějete (plural present second-person)
sъmějǫtь (plural present third-person)
sъměaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sъměaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sъměaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sъměji (imperative second-person singular)
sъměji (imperative singular third-person)
sъměaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sъměašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sъměašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sъmějivě (dual first-person imperative)
sъmějita (dual imperative second-person)
sъměaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sъměašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sъměaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sъmějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sъmějite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: съмѣти (sŭměti)

Belarusian: смець (smjecʹ)

Russian: сметь (smetʹ)

Ukrainian: смі́ти (smíty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: съмѣти (sŭměti)

Glagolitic script: [Term?]

Bulgarian: сме́я (sméja)

Macedonian: сме́е (smée)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: смје̏ти

Latin script: smjȅti

Slovene: smẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: smieti

Czech: smět, smíti (obsolete)

Old Polish: śmieć

Polish: śmieć

Slovak: smieť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: směć

Lower Sorbian: směś

From *sъ- (“good”) + *mě̀ti, from Proto-Indo-European *meh₁-. Cognate with Gothic 𐌼𐍉𐌸𐍃 (mōþs, “courage, wrath”) (gen. 𐌼𐍉𐌳𐌹𐍃 (mōdis)), Old High German muot (“mind, courage, wrath”), German Mut (“courage, mood”), English mood.
* Vasmer adds as cognates Ancient Greek μῶμαι (mômai, “to seek, to aspire”), μαίομαι (maíomai, “to seek, to aspire”), μῆνις (mênis, “anger”), Latin mōs (“custom”).
* Trubachev further suggests Lithuanian sumdyti (“to move”) (1sg. sùmdau), Welsh chwyfio (“to move”), Old Irish do·seinn (“to hunt”), with semantic development "to seek" > "to desire to achieve" > "to dare".


stydnǫti

stỳdnǫti (canonical)
stydenьje (noun-from-verb)
stydnǫti (infinitive)
stydnǫtъ (supine)
stydlъ (l-participle)
stydenъ (participle passive past)
stydnomъ (participle passive present)
stydъ (active participle past)
stydny (active participle present)
stydъ (aorist first-person singular)
stydoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
styde (aorist second-person singular)
styde (aorist singular third-person)
stydnǫ (first-person present singular)
stydneši (present second-person singular)
stydnetь (present singular third-person)
stydově (aorist dual first-person)
stydoxově (aorist dual first-person)
stydeta (aorist dual second-person)
stydosta (aorist dual second-person)
stydete (aorist dual third-person)
stydoste (aorist dual third-person)
stydnevě (dual first-person present)
stydneta (dual present second-person)
stydnete (dual present third-person)
stydomъ (aorist first-person plural)
stydoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
stydete (aorist plural second-person)
stydoste (aorist plural second-person)
stydǫ (aorist plural third-person)
stydošę (aorist plural third-person)
stydnemъ (first-person plural present)
stydnete (plural present second-person)
stydnǫtь (plural present third-person)
stydněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
stydněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
stydněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
stydni (imperative second-person singular)
stydni (imperative singular third-person)
stydněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
stydněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
stydněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
stydněvě (dual first-person imperative)
stydněta (dual imperative second-person)
stydněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
stydněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
stydněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
stydněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
stydněte (imperative plural second-person)

Church Slavonic: устынути (ustynuti), 3sg. устыде (ustyde) (Serbian)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: сты́гнуць (stýhnucʹ)

Russian: сты́нуть (stýnutʹ), dialectal сты́гнуть (stýgnutʹ)

Ukrainian: сти́гнути (stýhnuty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: сти́на (stína)

Macedonian: стине (stine)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сти́нути, 1sg. сти̑не̄м

Latin: stínuti, 1sg. stȋnēm

West Slavic:

Czech: stydnout

Old Polish: stydnąć
Polish: stygnąć

Slovak: stydnúť

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *stūˀd- + Proto-Slavic *-nǫti. See *studìti for further discussion.


toliti

toľenьje (noun-from-verb)
toliti (infinitive)
tolitъ (supine)
tolilъ (l-participle)
toľenъ (participle passive past)
tolimъ (participle passive present)
toľь (active participle past)
tolę (active participle present)
tolixъ (aorist first-person singular)
toli (aorist second-person singular)
toli (aorist singular third-person)
toľǫ (first-person present singular)
toliši (present second-person singular)
tolitь (present singular third-person)
tolixově (aorist dual first-person)
tolista (aorist dual second-person)
toliste (aorist dual third-person)
tolivě (dual first-person present)
tolita (dual present second-person)
tolite (dual present third-person)
tolixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
toliste (aorist plural second-person)
tolišę (aorist plural third-person)
tolimъ (first-person plural present)
tolite (plural present second-person)
tolętь (plural present third-person)
toľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
toľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
toľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
toli (imperative second-person singular)
toli (imperative singular third-person)
toľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
toľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
toľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tolivě (dual first-person imperative)
tolita (dual imperative second-person)
toľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
toľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
toľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tolimъ (first-person imperative plural)
tolite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: утолити (utoliti, “to convince, to pacify”)

Belarusian: наталі́ць (natalícʹ)

Russian: утоли́ть (utolítʹ, “to satisfy, to quench, to soothe”), 1sg. утолю́ (utoljú), 3sg. утоли́т (utolít)

Ukrainian: утоли́тися (utolýtysja, “to be satisfied”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: оутолити (utoliti, “to convince, to pacify”), 1sg. оутолѭ (utoljǫ)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: утоля́ (utoljá)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: уто̀лити (“to calm down”), 1sg. у̀толӣм

Latin: utòliti (“to calm down”), 1sg. ùtolīm

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: tóliti (“to calm, to soothe, to quench”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. tọ́lim (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: tulit

Old Polish: tolić

Polish: tulić (partially)

Slovak: túliť

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *talīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *tolH-éye-ti, from *(s)telH- (“to still”). Baltic cognates include Lithuanian táldyti (“to silence, to soothe”) (dialectal), tìlti (“to become silent”) (1sg. tylù), tylė́ti (“to be silent”) (1sg. tyliù), Latvian tilinât (“to spoil (a child)”). Other Indo-European cognates include Old Irish tuilim (“to sleep”), Old Armenian թողում (tʻołum, “to leave”), possibly Old High German stilli (“quiet”).


studiti

studìti (canonical)
stuďenьje (noun-from-verb)
studiti (infinitive)
studitъ (supine)
studilъ (l-participle)
stuďenъ (participle passive past)
studimъ (participle passive present)
stuďь (active participle past)
studę (active participle present)
studixъ (aorist first-person singular)
studi (aorist second-person singular)
studi (aorist singular third-person)
stuďǫ (first-person present singular)
studiši (present second-person singular)
studitь (present singular third-person)
studixově (aorist dual first-person)
studista (aorist dual second-person)
studiste (aorist dual third-person)
studivě (dual first-person present)
studita (dual present second-person)
studite (dual present third-person)
studixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
studiste (aorist plural second-person)
studišę (aorist plural third-person)
studimъ (first-person plural present)
studite (plural present second-person)
studętь (plural present third-person)
stuďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
stuďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
stuďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
studi (imperative second-person singular)
studi (imperative singular third-person)
stuďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
stuďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
stuďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
studivě (dual first-person imperative)
studita (dual imperative second-person)
stuďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
stuďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
stuďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
studimъ (first-person imperative plural)
studite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: студзі́ць (studzícʹ)

i

Middle Russian: стꙋдити (studiti) (from the 15th century; accent paradigm c)

Russian: студи́ть (studítʹ)

Ukrainian: студи́ти (studýty)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: студя́ (studjá) (obsolescent)

Macedonian: студи (studi, “to freeze”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сту́дити (“to be cold”) (Western dialectal), 3sg. сту́дӣ

Latin: stúditi (“to be cold”) (Western dialectal), 3sg. stúdī

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: stúditi (“to treat with aversion”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. stúdim (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: studiti (“to cool”)

Czech: studit (“to cool”)

Old Polish: studzić

Polish: studzić

Slovak: studiť (“to cool”)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: studźić

Lower Sorbian: stuźiś

Has the form of a causative/iterative, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *stauˀd-ei-tei.
* Per Derksen, outside connections unclear.
* Per Vasmer, possibly connected to Sanskrit तुदति (tudati), तुन्दते (tundate, “to push, to bite, to prick”), Latin tundō (“to beat, to bang”) (infinitive tundere, perfect tutudī), Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽 (stautan, “to push”), Albanian shtynj (“to push”) < *studni̯ō. An alternative hypothesis connects to Ancient Greek στῡ́ω (stū́ō, “to toughen”), with a *-d- root extension.
* Per Chernykh, possibly connected with Ancient Greek στύξ (stúx, “monster, piercing cold, fever”) (gen. στυγός (stugós)).


sъxnǫti

sъšenьje (noun-from-verb)
sъxnǫti (infinitive)
sъxnǫtъ (supine)
sъxlъ (l-participle)
sъšenъ (participle passive past)
sъxnomъ (participle passive present)
sъxъ (active participle past)
sъxny (active participle present)
sъxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sъxoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sъše (aorist second-person singular)
sъše (aorist singular third-person)
sъxnǫ (first-person present singular)
sъxneši (present second-person singular)
sъxnetь (present singular third-person)
sъxově (aorist dual first-person)
sъxoxově (aorist dual first-person)
sъxeta (aorist dual second-person)
sъxosta (aorist dual second-person)
sъxete (aorist dual third-person)
sъxoste (aorist dual third-person)
sъxnevě (dual first-person present)
sъxneta (dual present second-person)
sъxnete (dual present third-person)
sъxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sъxoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sъxete (aorist plural second-person)
sъxoste (aorist plural second-person)
sъxǫ (aorist plural third-person)
sъxošę (aorist plural third-person)
sъxnemъ (first-person plural present)
sъxnete (plural present second-person)
sъxnǫtь (plural present third-person)
sъxněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sъxněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sъxněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sъxni (imperative second-person singular)
sъxni (imperative singular third-person)
sъxněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sъxněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sъxněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sъxněvě (dual first-person imperative)
sъxněta (dual imperative second-person)
sъxněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sъxněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sъxněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sъxněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
sъxněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: съхнꙋти (sŭxnuti)

Belarusian: со́хнуць (sóxnucʹ)

desc

Russian: со́хнуть (sóxnutʹ, “to dry, to wither”)

Ukrainian: со́хнути (sóxnuty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: 3sg. impf. съхнѣаше (sŭxněaše, “(it) dried”)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: съ́хна (sǎ́hna, “to dry, to wither”)

Macedonian: суши (suši), се суши (se suši)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: са̀хнути (“to dry”), 1sg. са̏хне̄м

Latin: sàhnuti (“to dry”), 1sg. sȁxnēm

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: səhníti (“to wither”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. sáhnem (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: schnúti

Czech: schnout

Polish: schnąć

Slovak: schnúť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: schnyć, sknyć

Lower Sorbian: schnuś

From the zero grade of the root of *sȗxъ (“dry”) + *-nǫti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂sews- (also reconstructed as *sh₂ews-). Cognate with Lithuanian saũsinti (“to dry (transitive)”), saũsti (“to wither”), sùsti (“to scab over”) (1sg. susù), saũsas (“dry”), Latvian sust (“to dry (intransitive)”) (1sg. susu), susêt (“to wither”) (1sg. susu, susẽju), sàuss (“dry”), Old Prussian sausā (“dry”, fem. acc. sg.), Sanskrit शोषयति (śoṣáyati, “to let dry”), शुष्क (śúṣka, “dry, barren”), Avestan 𐬵𐬎𐬱𐬐𐬀 (huška, “dry”), Homeric Ancient Greek αὖος (aûos, “dry”), Old English sēar (“dry”), English sere, sear.


sunǫti

sovati (imperfective)
sunovenьje (noun-from-verb)
sunǫti (infinitive)
sunǫtъ (supine)
sunǫlъ (l-participle)
sunovenъ (participle passive past)
sunǫvъ (active participle past)
sunǫxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sunǫ (aorist second-person singular)
sunǫ (aorist singular third-person)
sunǫ (first-person present singular)
suneši (present second-person singular)
sunetь (present singular third-person)
sunǫxově (aorist dual first-person)
sunǫsta (aorist dual second-person)
sunǫste (aorist dual third-person)
sunevě (dual first-person present)
suneta (dual present second-person)
sunete (dual present third-person)
sunǫxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sunǫste (aorist plural second-person)
sunǫšę (aorist plural third-person)
sunemъ (first-person plural present)
sunete (plural present second-person)
sunǫtь (plural present third-person)
suni (imperative second-person singular)
suni (imperative singular third-person)
suněvě (dual first-person imperative)
suněta (dual imperative second-person)
suněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
suněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: сꙋнꙋти (sunuti, “to throw”), 1sg. сꙋнꙋ (sunu)

Belarusian: су́нуць (súnucʹ)

Russian: су́нуть (súnutʹ, “to shove, to thrust”), 1sg. су́ну (súnu)

Ukrainian: су́нути (súnuty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сунѫти (sunǫti)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱆⱀⱘⱅⰻ (sunǫti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: су́нути (“to pour, to strew”), 1sg. су̑не̄м

Latin: súnuti (“to pour, to strew”), 1sg. sȗnēm

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: súniti (“to thrust, to knock”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. sȗnem (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sunúti

Czech: sunout

Old Polish: sunąć

Polish: sunąć

Slovak: sunúť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: sunyć

Lower Sorbian: sunuś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śūˀ- + *-nǫti. A different grade *śauˀ- yields Proto-Slavic *sovati (“to shove”); see that verb for further cognates.


sьcati

sьcanьje (noun-from-verb)
sьcati (infinitive)
sьcatъ (supine)
sьcalъ (l-participle)
sьcanъ (participle passive past)
sьčimъ (participle passive present)
sьcavъ (active participle past)
sьčę (active participle present)
sьcaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sьca (aorist second-person singular)
sьca (aorist singular third-person)
sьčǫ (first-person present singular)
sьčiši (present second-person singular)
sьčitь (present singular third-person)
sьcaxově (aorist dual first-person)
sьcasta (aorist dual second-person)
sьcaste (aorist dual third-person)
sьčivě (dual first-person present)
sьčita (dual present second-person)
sьčite (dual present third-person)
sьcaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sьcaste (aorist plural second-person)
sьcašę (aorist plural third-person)
sьčimъ (first-person plural present)
sьčite (plural present second-person)
sьčętь (plural present third-person)
sьcaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sьcaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sьcaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sьči (imperative second-person singular)
sьči (imperative singular third-person)
sьcaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sьcaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sьcaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sьčivě (dual first-person imperative)
sьčita (dual imperative second-person)
sьcaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sьcaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sьcaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sьčimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sьčite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *сьцати (*sĭcati)

Old Ruthenian: *сцати (*scati)

Belarusian: сцаць (scacʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: стя́ти (stjáty)

Ukrainian: сця́ти (scjáty); ща́ти (ščáty) (dialectal)

Russian: сцать (scatʹ)

Old Novgorodian: *ськати (*sĭkati)

⇒ Russian: сёкать (sjókatʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сьцати (sĭcati)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱐⱌⰰⱅⰻ (sĭcati)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сцати (dialectal)

Latin script: scati (dialectal)

Slovene: scáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: scáti
Czech: chcát

Polish: szczać

Slovak: šťať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: šcaś, scaś

Upper Sorbian: šćeć, sćeć

From early *sьkati by the Slavic progressive palatalization. By surface analysis, *sьk- + *-ati. Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sikā́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *sikʷ-éh₂-ti, from *seykʷ-.
Roots *sьk- : *sěk- : *sik-, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sik- : *saik- : *seik-, from Proto-Indo-European *sikʷ- : *soykʷ- : *seykʷ- (“to moisten”).
Cognate with Sanskrit सिञ्चति (siñcáti, “to pour out”), Avestan 𐬵𐬌𐬧𐬗𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (hiṇcaⁱti), 𐬵𐬌𐬗𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (hicaⁱti, “to pour”), Old High German sīhan (“to strain, to drip”), German seichen (“to piss”), Ancient Greek ἷξαι (hîxai, “to strain, to filter”), Latin siat, sissiat (“(he) urinates”).

cog

Brill Publishers
Rick Derksen
Slavic progressive palatalization


stenati

stenàti (canonical)
stenanьje (noun-from-verb)
stenati (infinitive)
stenatъ (supine)
stenalъ (l-participle)
stenanъ (participle passive past)
steňemъ (participle passive present)
stenavъ (active participle past)
steňę (active participle present)
stenaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
stena (aorist second-person singular)
stena (aorist singular third-person)
steňǫ (first-person present singular)
steňeši (present second-person singular)
steňetь (present singular third-person)
stenaxově (aorist dual first-person)
stenasta (aorist dual second-person)
stenaste (aorist dual third-person)
steňevě (dual first-person present)
steňeta (dual present second-person)
steňete (dual present third-person)
stenaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
stenaste (aorist plural second-person)
stenašę (aorist plural third-person)
steňemъ (first-person plural present)
steňete (plural present second-person)
steňǫtь (plural present third-person)
stenaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
stenaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
stenaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
steňi (imperative second-person singular)
steňi (imperative singular third-person)
stenaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
stenaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
stenaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
steňivě (dual first-person imperative)
steňita (dual imperative second-person)
stenaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
stenaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
stenaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
steňimъ (first-person imperative plural)
steňite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: стенати (stenati), 1sg. стеню (stenju)

Russian: стена́ть (stenátʹ) (obsolete), 1sg. стена́ю (stenáju); modern стона́ть (stonátʹ), 1sg. стону́ (stonú), 3sg. сто́нет (stónet)

Ukrainian: стена́ти (stenáty), 1sg. стена́ю (stenáju), 3sg. стена́є (stenáje)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: стенати (stenati)

Bulgarian: сте́на (sténa)

Macedonian: стенка (stenka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: стѐњати, 1sg. сте̏ње̄м

Latin: stènjati, 1sg. stȅnjēm

Slovene: stenjáti (tonal orthography), 1sg. stenjȃm (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: sténat

Slovak: stenať

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sten-, from Proto-Indo-European *sten-.
Cognate with Lithuanian stenė́ti (“to groan, to moan”) (1sg. stenù), Latvian stenêt (1sg. stenu, stenẽju, Old Prussian stīnons (“hard-won, transferred”, perf. part.), Ancient Greek στένω (sténō, “to moan, to sigh, to bewail”), Old English stenan (“to groan”), Sanskrit स्तनति (stánati, “to rattle, to rumble”).


snovati

snovàti (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
snovanьje (noun-from-verb)
snovati (infinitive)
snovatъ (supine)
snovalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
snovanъ (participle passive past)
snujemъ (participle passive present)
snovavъ (active participle past)
snuję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
snovaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
snova (aorist second-person singular)
snova (aorist singular third-person)
snujǫ (first-person present singular)
snuješi (present second-person singular)
snujetь (present singular third-person)
snovaxově (aorist dual first-person)
snovasta (aorist dual second-person)
snovaste (aorist dual third-person)
snujevě (dual first-person present)
snujeta (dual present second-person)
snujete (dual present third-person)
snovaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
snovaste (aorist plural second-person)
snovašę (aorist plural third-person)
snujemъ (first-person plural present)
snujete (plural present second-person)
snujǫtь (plural present third-person)
snovaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
snovaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
snovaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
snuji (imperative second-person singular)
snuji (imperative singular third-person)
snovaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
snovaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
snovaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
snujivě (dual first-person imperative)
snujita (dual imperative second-person)
snovaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
snovaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
snovaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
snujimъ (first-person imperative plural)
snujite (imperative plural second-person)


blědъ

blě̑dъ (canonical)
blědъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
blěda (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
blědo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
blěda (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
blědy (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
blěda (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
blědu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
blědě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
blědu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
blědъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
blědǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
blědo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
blědomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
blědojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
blědomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
blědě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
blědě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
blědě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
blěde (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
blědo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
blědo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
blěda (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
blědě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
blědě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
blědu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
blědu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
blědu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
blědoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
blědama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
blědoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
blěda (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
blědě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
blědě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
blědoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
blědama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
blědoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
blědu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
blědu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
blědu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
blěda (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
blědě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
blědě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
blědi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
blědy (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
blěda (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
blědъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
blědъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
blědъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
blědomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
blědamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
blědomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
blědy (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
blědy (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
blěda (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
blědy (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
blědami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
blědy (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
blěděxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
blědaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
blěděxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
blědi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
blědy (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
blěda (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
blědъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
blědaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
blědoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
blědajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
blědyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
blědajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
blědujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
blěději (dative definite feminine singular)
blědujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
blědъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
blědǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
blědoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
blědyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
blědǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
blědyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
blědějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
blěději (definite feminine locative singular)
blědějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
blědъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
blědaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
blědoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
blědaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
blěději (definite dual feminine nominative)
blěději (definite dual neuter nominative)
blěduju (definite dual genitive masculine)
blěduju (definite dual feminine genitive)
blěduju (definite dual genitive neuter)
blědyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
blědyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
blědyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
blědaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
blěději (accusative definite dual feminine)
blěději (accusative definite dual neuter)
blědyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
blědyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
blědyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
blěduju (definite dual locative masculine)
blěduju (definite dual feminine locative)
blěduju (definite dual locative neuter)
blědaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
blěději (definite dual feminine vocative)
blěději (definite dual neuter vocative)
blědiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
blědyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
blědaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
blědъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
blědъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
blědъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
blědyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
blědyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
blědyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
blědyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
blědyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
blědaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
blědyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
blědyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
blědyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
blědyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
blědyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
blědyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
blědiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
blědyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
blědaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *blědъ (hard)

Definite declension of *blědъ (hard)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: бле́ды (bljédy)

⇒ Belarusian: бле́дны (bljédny)

desc

Russian: бледо́й (bledój), блёдый (bljódyj) (dialectal)

⇒ Russian: бле́дный (blédnyj)

Ukrainian: блідий (blidyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: блѣдъ (blědŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰱⰾⱑⰴⱏ (blědŭ)

Bulgarian: блед (bled), бляд (bljad), бле́ден (bléden)

Macedonian: блед (bled)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бле̑д

Latin script: blȇd

Slovene: blẹ̑d (tonal orthography)

West Slavic

Old Czech: bledý
Czech: bledý

Old Polish: blady
Polish: blady

desctree

Old Slovak: bledý
Pannonian Rusyn: бляди (bljadi)
Slovak: bledý

Slovincian: blady

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: blědy

Upper Sorbian: blědy

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *blaiˀd(w)ás, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰloyd-(w)ó-s, from *bʰleyd-. Cognate with Lithuanian blaĩvas (“whitish, blue, sober”), Proto-Germanic *blaitaz, Albanian blehurë.


sočiti

sočìti (canonical)
b (accent-paradigm)
sočenьje (noun-from-verb)
sočiti (infinitive)
sočitъ (supine)
sočilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
sočenъ (participle passive past)
sočimъ (participle passive present)
sočь (active participle past)
sočę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
sočixъ (aorist first-person singular)
soči (aorist second-person singular)
soči (aorist singular third-person)
sočǫ (first-person present singular)
sočiši (present second-person singular)
sočitь (present singular third-person)
sočixově (aorist dual first-person)
sočista (aorist dual second-person)
sočiste (aorist dual third-person)
sočivě (dual first-person present)
sočita (dual present second-person)
sočite (dual present third-person)
sočixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sočiste (aorist plural second-person)
sočišę (aorist plural third-person)
sočimъ (first-person plural present)
sočite (plural present second-person)
sočętь (plural present third-person)
sočaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sočaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sočaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
soči (imperative second-person singular)
soči (imperative singular third-person)
sočaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sočaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sočaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sočivě (dual first-person imperative)
sočita (dual imperative second-person)
sočaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sočaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sočaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sočimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sočite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сочити (sočiti)

Belarusian: сачы́ць (sačýcʹ)

Russian: сочи́ть (sočítʹ) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: сочи́ти (sočýty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: со́ча (sóča)

Macedonian: сочи (soči)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: со̀чити

Latin script: sòčiti

Serbian Church Slavonic: сочити (sočiti)

West Slavic:

Old Polish: soczyć

Old Czech: sočiti

Czech: sočit (“to bear a grudge”)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sákīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *sokʷéyeti, from the root *sekʷ- (“say”).


snuti

snùti (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
snutьje (noun-from-verb)
snuti (infinitive)
snutъ (supine)
snulъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
snutъ (participle passive past)
snovomъ (participle passive present)
snuvъ (active participle past)
snovy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
snuxъ (aorist first-person singular)
snu (aorist second-person singular)
snu (aorist singular third-person)
snovǫ (first-person present singular)
snoveši (present second-person singular)
snovetь (present singular third-person)
snuxově (aorist dual first-person)
snusta (aorist dual second-person)
snuste (aorist dual third-person)
snovevě (dual first-person present)
snoveta (dual present second-person)
snovete (dual present third-person)
snuxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
snuste (aorist plural second-person)
snušę (aorist plural third-person)
snovemъ (first-person plural present)
snovete (plural present second-person)
snovǫtь (plural present third-person)
snověaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
snověaše (imperfect second-person singular)
snověaše (imperfect singular third-person)
snovi (imperative second-person singular)
snovi (imperative singular third-person)
snověaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
snověašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
snověašete (dual imperfect third-person)
snověvě (dual first-person imperative)
snověta (dual imperative second-person)
snověaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
snověašete (imperfect plural second-person)
snověaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
snověmъ (first-person imperative plural)
snověte (imperative plural second-person)

Church Slavonic: сноути (snuti) (Russian)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сновати (snovati)

Belarusian: снава́ць (snavácʹ)

Russian: снова́ть (snovátʹ)

desc

Ukrainian: снува́ти (snuváty), снова́ти (snováty), сну́ти (snúty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: снова́ (snová)

Macedonian: снове (snove)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сно̀вати

Latin script: snòvati

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: snúti, snováti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: snúti

Czech: snout, snovat

Kashubian: snëc, snovac

Old Polish: snować
Polish: snuć

Slovak: snovať, snuť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: snować

Lower Sorbian: snowaś, snuś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *snauˀ-, from Proto-Indo-European *snewH-. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *snewaną (whence Gothic 𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽 (sniwan, “to hurry”), Old Norse snúa (“to wind, to twist, to warp”)) and akin to Latvian snaujis (“noose”).


sędzati

sę̀dzati (canonical)
sędzanьje (noun-from-verb)
sędzati (infinitive)
sędzatъ (supine)
sędzalъ (l-participle)
sędzanъ (participle passive past)
sęžemъ (participle passive present)
sędzavъ (active participle past)
sęžę (active participle present)
sędzaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sędza (aorist second-person singular)
sędza (aorist singular third-person)
sęžǫ (first-person present singular)
sęžeši (present second-person singular)
sęžetь (present singular third-person)
sędzaxově (aorist dual first-person)
sędzasta (aorist dual second-person)
sędzaste (aorist dual third-person)
sęževě (dual first-person present)
sęžeta (dual present second-person)
sęžete (dual present third-person)
sędzaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sędzaste (aorist plural second-person)
sędzašę (aorist plural third-person)
sęžemъ (first-person plural present)
sęžete (plural present second-person)
sęžǫtь (plural present third-person)
sędzaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sędzaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sędzaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sęži (imperative second-person singular)
sęži (imperative singular third-person)
sędzaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sędzaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sędzaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sęživě (dual first-person imperative)
sęžita (dual imperative second-person)
sędzaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sędzaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sędzaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sęžimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sęžite (imperative plural second-person)

From *sęg- + *-ati, with the Slavic progressive palatalization applying. See *sęťi for etymology.

Alternative form of *sę̀gati (“to reach for, to attain”)


sęknǫti

sęčenьje (noun-from-verb)
sęknǫti (infinitive)
sęknǫtъ (supine)
sęklъ (l-participle)
sęčenъ (participle passive past)
sęknomъ (participle passive present)
sękъ (active participle past)
sękny (active participle present)
sękъ (aorist first-person singular)
sękoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sęče (aorist second-person singular)
sęče (aorist singular third-person)
sęknǫ (first-person present singular)
sękneši (present second-person singular)
sęknetь (present singular third-person)
sękově (aorist dual first-person)
sękoxově (aorist dual first-person)
sęketa (aorist dual second-person)
sękosta (aorist dual second-person)
sękete (aorist dual third-person)
sękoste (aorist dual third-person)
sęknevě (dual first-person present)
sękneta (dual present second-person)
sęknete (dual present third-person)
sękomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sękoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sękete (aorist plural second-person)
sękoste (aorist plural second-person)
sękǫ (aorist plural third-person)
sękošę (aorist plural third-person)
sęknemъ (first-person plural present)
sęknete (plural present second-person)
sęknǫtь (plural present third-person)
sękněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sękněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sękněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sękni (imperative second-person singular)
sękni (imperative singular third-person)
sękněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sękněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sękněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sękněvě (dual first-person imperative)
sękněta (dual imperative second-person)
sękněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sękněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sękněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sękněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
sękněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: исикнꙋти (isiknuti, “to dry out”) (literary)

Russian: ся́кнуть (sjáknutʹ), исся́кнуть (issjáknutʹ, “to dry out”)

Ukrainian: сякну́ти (sjaknúty, “to blow (one's nose)”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: исѧкнѫти (“to dry out”), 1sg. исѧкнѫ

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: се́кна (sékna, “to stop, to fade away”)

Macedonian: секне (sekne, “to blow (one's nose)”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: усе́кнути

Latin script: uséknuti

West Slavic:

Czech: sáknout (“to ooze, to trickle, to wet”)

Polish: siąknąć, wsiąknąć, sięknąć (“to dry out, to soak in, to blow (one's nose)”)

Slovak: siaknuť (“to sniff, to blow (one's nose)”)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: saknyć (“to dry out, to dry up”)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sek-, *senk-, from Proto-Indo-European *sek-. Cognate with Lithuanian sèkti (“to subside (of water), to diminish (of strength)”) (1sg. senkù), Latvian sîkt (“to dry out”) (1sg. sîku), Sanskrit सश्चसि (saścasi, “dry out”, 2sg. imper. act.), असक्र (ásakra, “unquenchable”), Homeric Ancient Greek ἔσκετο φωνή (ésketo phōnḗ, “his voice broke down”). Vasmer adds Old Irish sesc (“dry, barren, not giving milk”), Welsh hysb (“dry”), Old English sīhte (“squishy”).


sęgnǫti

sę̄gnǫ̀ti (canonical)
sęženьje (noun-from-verb)
sęgnǫti (infinitive)
sęgnǫtъ (supine)
sęglъ (l-participle)
sęženъ (participle passive past)
sęgnomъ (participle passive present)
sęgъ (active participle past)
sęgny (active participle present)
sęgъ (aorist first-person singular)
sęgoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sęže (aorist second-person singular)
sęže (aorist singular third-person)
sęgnǫ (first-person present singular)
sęgneši (present second-person singular)
sęgnetь (present singular third-person)
sęgově (aorist dual first-person)
sęgoxově (aorist dual first-person)
sęgeta (aorist dual second-person)
sęgosta (aorist dual second-person)
sęgete (aorist dual third-person)
sęgoste (aorist dual third-person)
sęgnevě (dual first-person present)
sęgneta (dual present second-person)
sęgnete (dual present third-person)
sęgomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sęgoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sęgete (aorist plural second-person)
sęgoste (aorist plural second-person)
sęgǫ (aorist plural third-person)
sęgošę (aorist plural third-person)
sęgnemъ (first-person plural present)
sęgnete (plural present second-person)
sęgnǫtь (plural present third-person)
sęgněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sęgněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sęgněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sęgni (imperative second-person singular)
sęgni (imperative singular third-person)
sęgněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sęgněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sęgněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sęgněvě (dual first-person imperative)
sęgněta (dual imperative second-person)
sęgněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sęgněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sęgněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sęgněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
sęgněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Belarusian: сягну́ць (sjahnúcʹ, “to reach”)

Russian: сягну́ть (sjagnútʹ, “to reach for, to attain”) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: сягну́ти (sjahnúty, “to reach, to grasp”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: присѧгнѫти (“to touch”), other prefixed verbs

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: се́гна (ségna, “to extend a hand”)

Macedonian: сегне (segne, “to reach”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: се́гнути (“to reach”); dialectal се̏гнути се (“to reach for”)

Latin: ségnuti (“to reach”); dialectal sȅgnuti se (“to reach for”)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: sẹ́gniti (“to reach for”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. sẹ̑gnem (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sáhnúti

desc

Czech: sáhnout (“to touch, to reach for”)

Polish: sięgnąć (“to reach for, to reach”)

Slovak: siahnuť (“to reach for”)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: dosahnyć

Lower Sorbian: segnuś

From *sęg- + *-nǫti. See *sęťi for etymology.


godъ

gȍdъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
gȍdъ (nominative singular)
gȍda (dual nominative)
gȍdi (nominative plural)
gȍda (genitive singular)
godù (dual genitive)
gòdъ (genitive plural)
gȍdu (dative singular)
godomà (dative dual)
godòmъ (dative plural)
gȍdъ (accusative singular)
gȍda (accusative dual)
gȍdy (accusative plural)
gȍdъmь (instrumental singular)
gȍdomь (instrumental singular)
godomà (dual instrumental)
godý (instrumental plural)
gȍdě (locative singular)
godù (dual locative)
godě̃xъ (locative plural)
gode (singular vocative)
gȍda (dual vocative)
gȍdi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: годъ (godŭ)

Belarusian: год (hod)

Russian: год (god)

Old Ukrainian: год (hod)

Carpathian Rusyn: гуд (hud), гӱд (hüd)

Ukrainian: год (hod), гід (hid)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: годъ (godŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰳⱁⰴⱏ (godŭ)

Bulgarian: год (god), го́да (góda, “matchmaking”)

Macedonian: год (god)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: го̑д

Latin script: gȏd

Slovene: gọ̑d

West Slavic:

Czech: hod, hody

Kashubian: gòdë

Polish: god, gody

Slovak: hod

Hodi (oravské)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: hody

Lower Sorbian: gódy

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gadás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ- (“to gather, to join”).
Cognate with Latvian gads (“year”), Latgalian gods (“year”), Proto-West Germanic *gad (“union”) and further related to Proto-West Germanic *gadur (“together”).

der

holiday, festive season (in West Slavic)


sęťi

sęženьje (noun-from-verb)
sęťi (infinitive)
sęťь (supine)
sęglъ (l-participle)
sęženъ (participle passive past)
sęgomъ (participle passive present)
sęgъ (active participle past)
sęgy (active participle present)
sęgъ (aorist first-person singular)
sęgoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sęže (aorist second-person singular)
sęže (aorist singular third-person)
sęgǫ (first-person present singular)
sęžeši (present second-person singular)
sęžetь (present singular third-person)
sęgově (aorist dual first-person)
sęgoxově (aorist dual first-person)
sęgeta (aorist dual second-person)
sęgosta (aorist dual second-person)
sęgete (aorist dual third-person)
sęgoste (aorist dual third-person)
sęževě (dual first-person present)
sęžeta (dual present second-person)
sęžete (dual present third-person)
sęgomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sęgoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sęgete (aorist plural second-person)
sęgoste (aorist plural second-person)
sęgǫ (aorist plural third-person)
sęgošę (aorist plural third-person)
sęžemъ (first-person plural present)
sęžete (plural present second-person)
sęgǫtь (plural present third-person)
sęžaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sęžaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sęžaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sędzi (imperative second-person singular)
sędzi (imperative singular third-person)
sęžaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sęžaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sęžaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sędzěvě (dual first-person imperative)
sędzěta (dual imperative second-person)
sęžaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sęžaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sęžaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sędzěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
sędzěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: досꙗчи (dosjači), досꙗщи (dosjašti) (Russian)

Ukrainian: сягти́ (sjahtý) (colloquial)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сѧщи

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: се́зати

Latin script: sézati

Slovene: sẹ́či (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sieci

Czech: dosíci (archaic or literary)

Old Polish: siąc

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sēˀg-, *senˀg-, from Proto-Indo-European *seg-, *seng-. Cognate with Lithuanian sègti (“to fasten, to pin”) (1sg. segù, 1sg. past segiaũ), Latvian segt (“to cover”) (1sg. sȩdzu), Sanskrit सजति (sájati, “to adhere to”), causative सञ्जयति (sañjayati), Old Persian [script needed] (frahanǰati, “to hang”), Old Irish suanem (“rope”) < *sogn-.


sęgati

sę̀gati (canonical)
sęganьje (noun-from-verb)
sęgati (infinitive)
sęgatъ (supine)
sęgalъ (l-participle)
sęganъ (participle passive past)
sęžemъ (participle passive present)
sęgavъ (active participle past)
sęžę (active participle present)
sęgaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sęga (aorist second-person singular)
sęga (aorist singular third-person)
sęžǫ (first-person present singular)
sęžeši (present second-person singular)
sęžetь (present singular third-person)
sęgaxově (aorist dual first-person)
sęgasta (aorist dual second-person)
sęgaste (aorist dual third-person)
sęževě (dual first-person present)
sęžeta (dual present second-person)
sęžete (dual present third-person)
sęgaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sęgaste (aorist plural second-person)
sęgašę (aorist plural third-person)
sęžemъ (first-person plural present)
sęžete (plural present second-person)
sęžǫtь (plural present third-person)
sęgaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sęgaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sęgaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sęži (imperative second-person singular)
sęži (imperative singular third-person)
sęgaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sęgaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sęgaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sęživě (dual first-person imperative)
sęžita (dual imperative second-person)
sęgaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sęgaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sęgaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sęžimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sęžite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: сяга́ць (sjahácʹ)

Russian: сягать (sjagatʹ) (obsolete)

desc

⇒ Russian: посяга́ть (posjagátʹ, “to encroach, to infringe”)

Ukrainian: сяга́ти (sjaháty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: се́гам (ségam) (obsolete)

⇒ Bulgarian: пося̀гам (posjàgam), дося̀гам (dosjàgam), прися̀гам (prisjàgam)

Macedonian: сега (sega, “to reach”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: се̏зати (“to reach, to attain”), 1sg. се̏же̄м

Latin: sȅzati (“to reach, to attain”), 1sg. sȅžēm

l/sl-tonal

Slovene: sẹ́zati (“to reach for”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. sẹ́zam (tonal orthography); sẹ́gati (“to reach for”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. sẹ́gam (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desc

Old Czech: sahati (“to touch, to reach for”), 1sg. sahu, 2sg. sěžeš

Czech: sahat (“to touch, to reach for”)

Kashubian: sëgac

Polish: sięgać (“to reach for, to reach”)

Silesian: siōngać

Slovak: siahať (“to reach for”)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: sahać

Lower Sorbian: segaś

From *sęg- + *-ati. See *sęťi for etymology.


rydati

rydanьje (noun-from-verb)
rydati (infinitive)
rydatъ (supine)
rydalъ (l-participle)
rydanъ (participle passive past)
rydajemъ (participle passive present)
rydavъ (active participle past)
rydaję (active participle present)
rydaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
ryda (aorist second-person singular)
ryda (aorist singular third-person)
rydajǫ (first-person present singular)
rydaješi (present second-person singular)
rydajetь (present singular third-person)
rydaxově (aorist dual first-person)
rydasta (aorist dual second-person)
rydaste (aorist dual third-person)
rydajevě (dual first-person present)
rydajeta (dual present second-person)
rydajete (dual present third-person)
rydaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
rydaste (aorist plural second-person)
rydašę (aorist plural third-person)
rydajemъ (first-person plural present)
rydajete (plural present second-person)
rydajǫtь (plural present third-person)
rydaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
rydaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
rydaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
rydaji (imperative second-person singular)
rydaji (imperative singular third-person)
rydaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
rydaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
rydaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
rydajivě (dual first-person imperative)
rydajita (dual imperative second-person)
rydaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
rydaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
rydaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
rydajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
rydajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: рꙑдати (rydati, “to weep, to wail”)

Belarusian: рыда́ць (rydácʹ)

Russian: рыда́ть (rydátʹ, “to sob”), 1sg. рыда́ю (rydáju)

Ukrainian: рида́ти (rydáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: рꙑдати (rydati, “to mourn, to lament”), 1sg. рꙑдаѭ (rydajǫ)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: рида́я (ridája, “to sob”)

Macedonian: рида (rida, “to sob”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ри̏дати, 1sg. ри̏да̄м

Latin: rȉdati, 1sg. rȉdām

West Slavic:

Old Czech: rydati (“to attack, to nag”)

Czech: rydat (“to wail, to nag”)

Slovak: rydať (“to wail, to lament”)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rūˀd-, by Winter's law from Proto-Indo-European *HrewdH-. Baltic cognates include Lithuanian raudóti (“to weep, to wail, to lament”), Latvian raûdât (“to weep”), rũdinât (“to bring to tears”). Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit रोदिति (róditi), रुदति (rudáti, “to weep”), रोदयति (rodáyati, “to grieve”), Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬯𐬙𐬁 (raostā, “(he) wept”, 3sg. aor.), Old English rēotan (“to weep, to complain”), probably also Latin rudō (“to bray, to shout”) (infinitive rudere), rūdō (“to bray, to shout”) (infinitive rūdere).


rygati

ryganьje (noun-from-verb)
rygati (infinitive)
rygatъ (supine)
rygalъ (l-participle)
ryganъ (participle passive past)
rygajemъ (participle passive present)
rygavъ (active participle past)
rygaję (active participle present)
rygaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
ryga (aorist second-person singular)
ryga (aorist singular third-person)
rygajǫ (first-person present singular)
rygaješi (present second-person singular)
rygajetь (present singular third-person)
rygaxově (aorist dual first-person)
rygasta (aorist dual second-person)
rygaste (aorist dual third-person)
rygajevě (dual first-person present)
rygajeta (dual present second-person)
rygajete (dual present third-person)
rygaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
rygaste (aorist plural second-person)
rygašę (aorist plural third-person)
rygajemъ (first-person plural present)
rygajete (plural present second-person)
rygajǫtь (plural present third-person)
rygaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
rygaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
rygaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
rygaji (imperative second-person singular)
rygaji (imperative singular third-person)
rygaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
rygaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
rygaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
rygajivě (dual first-person imperative)
rygajita (dual imperative second-person)
rygaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
rygaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
rygaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
rygajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
rygajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: рыга́ць (ryhácʹ)

desc

Russian: рыга́ть (rygátʹ, “to belch, (dialectal) to weep, to sob”), 1sg. рыга́ю (rygáju)

Ukrainian: рига́ти (ryháty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: отъригати (otŭrigati, “to disgorge (words)”)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: ри́гам (rígam, “to belch, to vomit”) (dialectal)

⇒ Bulgarian: орѝгвам се (orìgvam se)

Macedonian: рига (riga, “to belch, to vomit”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: рѝгати (“to belch”), 1sg. рѝга̄м

Latin: rìgati (“to belch”), 1sg. rìgām

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: rígati (“to belch, to throw up, to bray”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. rȋgam (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: říhati

Czech: říhat (“to belch”)

Polish: rzygać (“to throw up”)

Silesian: rzigać

Slovak: rihať (“to belch”)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: rihać

Lower Sorbian: rygaś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rūˀgā́ˀtei, by Winter's law from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rug-, from the root *h₁rewg-. Cognate with Lithuanian ráugėti (“to belch”), Latvian raûgâtiês (“to belch”), Lithuanian rū́gti (“to turn sour, to regurgitate acid”) (1sg. rū́giu), Latvian rûgt (“to ferment?”), Ancient Greek ἐρεύγομαι (ereúgomai, “to vomit, to disgorge, to belch out, to discharge, to roar”), ἐρυγγάνω (erungánō, “to regurgitate”), Latin rūgiō (“to roar”) (infinitive rūgīre), ērūgō (“to belch, to disgorge noisily”) (infinitive ērūgere), ructō (“to vomit, to spit out”) (infinitive ructāre), Persian آروغ (ârôğ, “belch”), Old English rocettan (“to belch”), Old Armenian ործամ (orcam, “to belch, to vomit”).
Some descendants reflect a proto-form *rigati. Per Derksen, this form may stem from Proto-Balto-Slavic *rjūˀg-, with an analogical -j- taken from *rjauˀg-, the expected development of full-grade Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewg-, as in dialectal Lithuanian riáugėti (“to turn sour”) (1sg. riáugmi).


račiti

rāčìti (canonical)
b (accent-paradigm)
račenьje (noun-from-verb)
račiti (infinitive)
račitъ (supine)
račilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
račenъ (participle passive past)
račimъ (participle passive present)
račь (active participle past)
račę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
račixъ (aorist first-person singular)
rači (aorist second-person singular)
rači (aorist singular third-person)
račǫ (first-person present singular)
račiši (present second-person singular)
račitь (present singular third-person)
račixově (aorist dual first-person)
račista (aorist dual second-person)
račiste (aorist dual third-person)
račivě (dual first-person present)
račita (dual present second-person)
račite (dual present third-person)
račixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
račiste (aorist plural second-person)
račišę (aorist plural third-person)
račimъ (first-person plural present)
račite (plural present second-person)
račętь (plural present third-person)
račaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
račaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
račaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
rači (imperative second-person singular)
rači (imperative singular third-person)
račaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
račaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
račaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
račivě (dual first-person imperative)
račita (dual imperative second-person)
račaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
račaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
račaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
račimъ (first-person imperative plural)
račite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: рачити (račiti, “to wish, to want”)

Belarusian: ра́чыць (ráčycʹ)

Russian: dialectal ра́чить (ráčitʹ), рачи́ть (račítʹ, “to wish, to want, to be zealous”)

Ukrainian: ра́чити (ráčyty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: рачити (račiti), 1sg. рачѫ (račǫ)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: ра́ча (ráča, “to want”) (archaic)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: ра́чити се (“to feel like (+ dative)”), 1sg. ра̑чӣ се

Latin: ráčiti se (“to feel like (+ dative)”), 1sg. rȃčī se

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: ráčiti (“to wish, to want, to deign, (reflexive) to please”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. rȃčim (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desc

Czech: ráčit (“to wish, to want, (literary) to deign”)

Kashubian: rôczëc (“to invite”)

Polish: raczyć (“to deign”), raczyć się (“to savor, to relish”)

Slovak: ráčiť (“to deign”)

* Per Rix (LIV) and Vasmer, possibly related to *reťi (“to speak, to say”), from Proto-Indo-European *rek-. If so, cognate with Sanskrit रचयति (racáyati, “to make, to form, to correct”). Vasmer adds Gothic 𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (rahnjan, “count”) as an additional cognate. Rix reconstructs the PIE etymon of this verb as iterative *rōk-ye-.
* Vaillant asserts that this verb is a borrowing from Proto-Germanic *rōkijaną (“to care about”), cf. Old Norse rœkja; but Vasmer specifically denies this.


řuti

řűti (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
řutьje (noun-from-verb)
řuti (infinitive)
řutъ (supine)
řulъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
řutъ (participle passive past)
rovomъ (participle passive present)
rovъ (active participle past)
rovy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
řuxъ (aorist first-person singular)
řu (aorist second-person singular)
řu (aorist singular third-person)
rovǫ (first-person present singular)
roveši (present second-person singular)
rovetь (present singular third-person)
řuxově (aorist dual first-person)
řusta (aorist dual second-person)
řuste (aorist dual third-person)
rovevě (dual first-person present)
roveta (dual present second-person)
rovete (dual present third-person)
řuxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
řuste (aorist plural second-person)
řušę (aorist plural third-person)
rovemъ (first-person plural present)
rovete (plural present second-person)
rovǫtь (plural present third-person)
rověaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
rověaše (imperfect second-person singular)
rověaše (imperfect singular third-person)
rovi (imperative second-person singular)
rovi (imperative singular third-person)
rověaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
rověašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
rověašete (dual imperfect third-person)
rověvě (dual first-person imperative)
rověta (dual imperative second-person)
rověaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
rověašete (imperfect plural second-person)
rověaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
rověmъ (first-person imperative plural)
rověte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: рюти (rjuti), рути (ruti)

Belarusian: раўці́ (raŭcí)

Russian: реве́ть (revétʹ)

Ukrainian: реві́ти (revíty), ревти́ (revtý)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: роути (ruti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: рева́ (revá)

Macedonian: реве (reve)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: рѐвати

Latin script: rèvati

Slovene: rjúti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: řúti

Czech: řvát

Old Polish: rzuć

Slovak: revať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: ruć

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃rew- (“to roar”). Cognate with Latin rāvis (“hoarse”), rūmor (“rumor”), Sanskrit रव (rava, “roaring, howling”), Ancient Greek ὠρύομαι (ōrúomai, “to howl, roar”).


rǫbiti

rǫbìti (canonical)
rǫbľenьje (noun-from-verb)
rǫbiti (infinitive)
rǫbitъ (supine)
rǫbilъ (l-participle)
rǫbľenъ (participle passive past)
rǫbimъ (participle passive present)
rǫbľь (active participle past)
rǫbę (active participle present)
rǫbixъ (aorist first-person singular)
rǫbi (aorist second-person singular)
rǫbi (aorist singular third-person)
rǫbľǫ (first-person present singular)
rǫbiši (present second-person singular)
rǫbitь (present singular third-person)
rǫbixově (aorist dual first-person)
rǫbista (aorist dual second-person)
rǫbiste (aorist dual third-person)
rǫbivě (dual first-person present)
rǫbita (dual present second-person)
rǫbite (dual present third-person)
rǫbixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
rǫbiste (aorist plural second-person)
rǫbišę (aorist plural third-person)
rǫbimъ (first-person plural present)
rǫbite (plural present second-person)
rǫbętь (plural present third-person)
rǫbľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
rǫbľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
rǫbľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
rǫbi (imperative second-person singular)
rǫbi (imperative singular third-person)
rǫbľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
rǫbľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
rǫbľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
rǫbivě (dual first-person imperative)
rǫbita (dual imperative second-person)
rǫbľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
rǫbľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
rǫbľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
rǫbimъ (first-person imperative plural)
rǫbite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: рꙋбити (rubiti)

⇒ Belarusian: руба́ць (rubácʹ)

desc

Russian: руби́ть (rubítʹ, “to chop, to fell”), 1sg. рублю́ (rubljú), 3sg. ру́бит (rúbit)

Ukrainian: руби́ти (rubýty)

⇒ Ukrainian: рубати (rubaty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: рѫбити (rǫbiti)

Bulgarian: ръ́бя (rǎ́bja, “to hem”)

Macedonian: раби (rabi, “to border”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ру́бити (“to hem”), 1sg. ру̑бӣм

Latin: rúbiti (“to hem”), 1sg. rȗbīm

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: rọ́biti (“to hem, to beat, to chop”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. rọ́bim (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desc

Czech: roubit (“to erect, (rarely) to hem, (archaic) to graft”)

Kashubian: rãbic

Old Polish: rębić
Middle Polish: rąbić

⇒ Slovak: rúbať (“to chop, to beat”)

Sorbian:

⇒ Upper Sorbian: rubać (“to chop”)

⇒ Lower Sorbian: rubaś (“to chop”)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rambīˀtei, according to Pokorny, from Proto-Indo-European *remb- (“to notch, hack”).
Related to Proto-Balto-Slavic *rámbas. Cognate with Lithuanian rumbúoti (“to hem”), rémbėti (“to become covered with scars”), rum̃bas / rùmbas (“notch, scar, waist (on clothing)”), Latvian robs (“notch”) < *rambs. Per Vasmer, possibly cognate with Old Norse ramr, rammr (“sharp, bitter”), rimma (“struggle”), Old High German ramft (“edge”). Per Chernykh, cognate with Middle High German rumpf (“torso”) (modern German Rumpf).


pǫťi

a (accent-paradigm)
pǫčenьje (noun-from-verb)
pǫťi (infinitive)
pǫťь (supine)
pǫklъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
pǫčenъ (participle passive past)
pǫkomъ (participle passive present)
pǫkъ (active participle past)
pǫky (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
pǫkъ (aorist first-person singular)
pǫkoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
pǫče (aorist second-person singular)
pǫče (aorist singular third-person)
pǫkǫ (first-person present singular)
pǫčeši (present second-person singular)
pǫčetь (present singular third-person)
pǫkově (aorist dual first-person)
pǫkoxově (aorist dual first-person)
pǫketa (aorist dual second-person)
pǫkosta (aorist dual second-person)
pǫkete (aorist dual third-person)
pǫkoste (aorist dual third-person)
pǫčevě (dual first-person present)
pǫčeta (dual present second-person)
pǫčete (dual present third-person)
pǫkomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pǫkoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pǫkete (aorist plural second-person)
pǫkoste (aorist plural second-person)
pǫkǫ (aorist plural third-person)
pǫkošę (aorist plural third-person)
pǫčemъ (first-person plural present)
pǫčete (plural present second-person)
pǫkǫtь (plural present third-person)
pǫčaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pǫčaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pǫčaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pǫci (imperative second-person singular)
pǫci (imperative singular third-person)
pǫčaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pǫčaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pǫčaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pǫcěvě (dual first-person imperative)
pǫcěta (dual imperative second-person)
pǫčaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pǫčaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pǫčaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pǫcěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
pǫcěte (imperative plural second-person)


pelsti

c (accent-paradigm)
pьlzenьje (noun-from-verb)
pelsti (infinitive)
pelstъ (supine)
pьlzlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
pьlzъ (active participle past)
pьlzy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
pьlzъ (aorist first-person singular)
pьlzoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
pьlze (aorist second-person singular)
pьlze (aorist singular third-person)
pьlzǫ (first-person present singular)
pьlzeši (present second-person singular)
pьlzetь (present singular third-person)
pьlzově (aorist dual first-person)
pьlzoxově (aorist dual first-person)
pьlzeta (aorist dual second-person)
pьlzosta (aorist dual second-person)
pьlzete (aorist dual third-person)
pьlzoste (aorist dual third-person)
pьlzevě (dual first-person present)
pьlzeta (dual present second-person)
pьlzete (dual present third-person)
pьlzomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pьlzoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pьlzete (aorist plural second-person)
pьlzoste (aorist plural second-person)
pьlzǫ (aorist plural third-person)
pьlzošę (aorist plural third-person)
pьlzemъ (first-person plural present)
pьlzete (plural present second-person)
pьlzǫtь (plural present third-person)
pьlzěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pьlzěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pьlzěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pьlzi (imperative second-person singular)
pьlzi (imperative singular third-person)
pьlzěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pьlzěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pьlzěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pьlzěvě (dual first-person imperative)
pьlzěta (dual imperative second-person)
pьlzěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pьlzěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pьlzěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pьlzěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
pьlzěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: пълзти (pŭlzti)

Belarusian: паўзці́ (paŭzcí)

Russian: ползти́ (polztí), 1sg. ползу́ (polzú), 3sg. ползёт (polzjót)

Ukrainian: повзти́ (povztý)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: плъсти (plŭsti), плѣсти (plěsti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pilźtei. See *pь̀lzati.


oriti

ořenьje (noun-from-verb)
oriti (infinitive)
oritъ (supine)
orilъ (l-participle)
ořenъ (participle passive past)
orimъ (participle passive present)
ořь (active participle past)
orę (active participle present)
orixъ (aorist first-person singular)
ori (aorist second-person singular)
ori (aorist singular third-person)
ořǫ (first-person present singular)
oriši (present second-person singular)
oritь (present singular third-person)
orixově (aorist dual first-person)
orista (aorist dual second-person)
oriste (aorist dual third-person)
orivě (dual first-person present)
orita (dual present second-person)
orite (dual present third-person)
orixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
oriste (aorist plural second-person)
orišę (aorist plural third-person)
orimъ (first-person plural present)
orite (plural present second-person)
orętь (plural present third-person)
ořaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
ořaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
ořaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
ori (imperative second-person singular)
ori (imperative singular third-person)
ořaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
ořaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
ořaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
orivě (dual first-person imperative)
orita (dual imperative second-person)
ořaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
ořaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
ořaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
orimъ (first-person imperative plural)
orite (imperative plural second-person)

NOTE: See *orzoriti (“to destroy”) for more indirect descendants.

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: (оритель (oritelĭ, “destroyer”))

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: ориши (oriši, “(you) tempt”, 2sg., literally “(you) drag down”)

Glagolitic: ⱁⱃⰻⱎⰻ (oriši)

Bulgarian: dialectal о́ря (órja, “to bring down”)

Serbo-Croatian:

desc

Cyrillic script: о̀рити (“to destroy, to pull down”); (обо̀рити (“to crush, to overthrow”), 1sg, о̀борӣм)

Latin: òriti (“to destroy, to pull down”); (obòriti (“to crush, to overthrow”), 1sg. òborīm)

West Slavic:

Czech: (obořiti (“to collapse”))

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ar-ei-, from Proto-Indo-European *Hor-eye- a causative/iterative form of *Her-. Cognate with Lithuanian ardýti (“to pull down, to destroy”), Latvian ā̀rdît (“to destroy, to scatter”), Lithuanian érdėti (“to break up”), Latvian ḕrst (“to separate, to card (flax), to divide”) (1sg. ḕržu, ḕrdu), Lithuanian ìrti (“to disintegrate”) (1sg. yrù, 1sg. past iraũ). Per Vasmer, also cognate with Sanskrit अर्दति (árdati, “to be dissolved”), but not cognate with Latin orior (“to rise”) (infinitive orīri), Ancient Greek ὄρνῡμι (órnūmi, “to excite, to move”), Sanskrit ऋणोति (ṛṇóti, “to rise”). Trubachev notes a possible connection to Hittite [script needed] (ḫarra-, “to break, to destroy, to grind”).


pojiti

pojìti (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
pojenьje (noun-from-verb)
pojiti (infinitive)
pojitъ (supine)
pojilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
pojenъ (participle passive past)
pojimъ (participle passive present)
pojь (active participle past)
poję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
pojixъ (aorist first-person singular)
poji (aorist second-person singular)
poji (aorist singular third-person)
pojǫ (first-person present singular)
pojiši (present second-person singular)
pojitь (present singular third-person)
pojixově (aorist dual first-person)
pojista (aorist dual second-person)
pojiste (aorist dual third-person)
pojivě (dual first-person present)
pojita (dual present second-person)
pojite (dual present third-person)
pojixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pojiste (aorist plural second-person)
pojišę (aorist plural third-person)
pojimъ (first-person plural present)
pojite (plural present second-person)
pojętь (plural present third-person)
pojaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pojaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pojaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
poji (imperative second-person singular)
poji (imperative singular third-person)
pojaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pojaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pojaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pojivě (dual first-person imperative)
pojita (dual imperative second-person)
pojaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pojaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pojaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pojimъ (first-person imperative plural)
pojite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: поити (poiti)

Belarusian: паі́ць (paícʹ)

Russian: пои́ть (poítʹ)

Ukrainian: поїти (pojity)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: поилъ (poilŭ, “(he) gave to drink”, masc. nom. sg. l-part.)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

desc

Bulgarian: поя́ (pojá, “to give to drink, to water”), sg. пои́м (poím)

Macedonian: пои (poi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: по̀јити (“to give to drink”), 1sg. по̀јӣм

Latin: pòjiti (“to give to drink”), 1sg. pòjīm

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: pojíti (“to give to drink”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. pojím (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: pojiti

Czech: pojit

Polish: poić

Slovak: pojiť

From Proto-Indo-European *poh₃y-éyeti, causative/iterative from *peh₃y-, extended version of *peh₃-. See that root for cognates.


posětiti

posěťenьje (noun-from-verb)
posětiti (infinitive)
posětitъ (supine)
posětilъ (l-participle)
posěťenъ (participle passive past)
posětimъ (participle passive present)
posěťь (active participle past)
posětę (active participle present)
posětixъ (aorist first-person singular)
posěti (aorist second-person singular)
posěti (aorist singular third-person)
posěťǫ (first-person present singular)
posětiši (present second-person singular)
posětitь (present singular third-person)
posětixově (aorist dual first-person)
posětista (aorist dual second-person)
posětiste (aorist dual third-person)
posětivě (dual first-person present)
posětita (dual present second-person)
posětite (dual present third-person)
posětixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
posětiste (aorist plural second-person)
posětišę (aorist plural third-person)
posětimъ (first-person plural present)
posětite (plural present second-person)
posětętь (plural present third-person)
posěťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
posěťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
posěťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
posěti (imperative second-person singular)
posěti (imperative singular third-person)
posěťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
posěťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
posěťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
posětivě (dual first-person imperative)
posětita (dual imperative second-person)
posěťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
posěťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
posěťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
posětimъ (first-person imperative plural)
posětite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: посѣтити (posětiti)

Russian: посети́ть (posetítʹ), 1sg. посещу́ (poseščú), 3sg. посети́т (posetít)

Ukrainian: посіти́ти (positýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: посѣтити (posětiti), 1sg. посѣщѫ (posěštǫ)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: посетя́ (posetjá)

Macedonian: посети (poseti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: по̀сјетити / по̀сетити

Latin: pòsjetiti / pòsetiti

Slovene: posẹ̑titi (archaic)

West Slavic: —

PIE word
 *swé
From Proto-Indo-European *swet-. Includes the prefix *po-. Cognate with Lithuanian svẽčias (“guest”), Ancient Greek ἕταρος (hétaros, “comrade”). Per Derksen, the lengthened grade of the root is unexpected. The Indo-European root comes from the more basic root *swé (“self”) with a root extension.


orzoriti

orzořenьje (noun-from-verb)
orzoriti (infinitive)
orzoritъ (supine)
orzorilъ (l-participle)
orzořenъ (participle passive past)
orzorimъ (participle passive present)
orzořь (active participle past)
orzorę (active participle present)
orzorixъ (aorist first-person singular)
orzori (aorist second-person singular)
orzori (aorist singular third-person)
orzořǫ (first-person present singular)
orzoriši (present second-person singular)
orzoritь (present singular third-person)
orzorixově (aorist dual first-person)
orzorista (aorist dual second-person)
orzoriste (aorist dual third-person)
orzorivě (dual first-person present)
orzorita (dual present second-person)
orzorite (dual present third-person)
orzorixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
orzoriste (aorist plural second-person)
orzorišę (aorist plural third-person)
orzorimъ (first-person plural present)
orzorite (plural present second-person)
orzorętь (plural present third-person)
orzořaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
orzořaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
orzořaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
orzori (imperative second-person singular)
orzori (imperative singular third-person)
orzořaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
orzořaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
orzořaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
orzorivě (dual first-person imperative)
orzorita (dual imperative second-person)
orzořaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
orzořaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
orzořaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
orzorimъ (first-person imperative plural)
orzorite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: разорити (razoriti), розорити (rozoriti)

Belarusian: разары́ць (razarýcʹ)

Russian: разори́ть (razorítʹ), 1sg. разорю́ (razorjú), 3sg. разори́т (razorít)

Ukrainian: розори́ти (rozorýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: разорити (razoriti), 1sg. разорѭ (razorjǫ)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: разоря́ (razorjá)

Macedonian: разори (razori)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: разо̀рити

Latin script: razòriti

West Slavic: —

From *orz- + *oriti. Cognate with Lithuanian ardýti (“to pull down, to destroy”), Latvian ā̀rdît (“to destroy, to scatter”). Trubachev notes a possible connection to Hittite [script needed] (ḫarra-, “to break, to destroy, to grind”). See *oriti for further cognates.


pręsti

c (accent-paradigm)
prędenьje (noun-from-verb)
pręsti (infinitive)
pręstъ (supine)
prędlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
prędenъ (participle passive past)
prędomъ (participle passive present)
prędъ (active participle past)
prędy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
prędъ (aorist first-person singular)
prędoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
pręde (aorist second-person singular)
pręde (aorist singular third-person)
prędǫ (first-person present singular)
prędeši (present second-person singular)
prędetь (present singular third-person)
prędově (aorist dual first-person)
prędoxově (aorist dual first-person)
prędeta (aorist dual second-person)
prędosta (aorist dual second-person)
prędete (aorist dual third-person)
prędoste (aorist dual third-person)
prędevě (dual first-person present)
prędeta (dual present second-person)
prędete (dual present third-person)
prędomъ (aorist first-person plural)
prędoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
prędete (aorist plural second-person)
prędoste (aorist plural second-person)
prędǫ (aorist plural third-person)
prędošę (aorist plural third-person)
prędemъ (first-person plural present)
prędete (plural present second-person)
prędǫtь (plural present third-person)
pręděaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pręděaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pręděaše (imperfect singular third-person)
prędi (imperative second-person singular)
prędi (imperative singular third-person)
pręděaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pręděašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pręděašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pręděvě (dual first-person imperative)
pręděta (dual imperative second-person)
pręděaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pręděašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pręděaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pręděmъ (first-person imperative plural)
pręděte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: прꙗсти (prjasti)

Belarusian: пра́сці (prásci)

Russian: прясть (prjastʹ)

Ukrainian: пря́сти (prjásty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: прѧсти

Glagolitic: ⱂⱃⱔⱄⱅⰻ (pręsti)

Bulgarian: преда́ (predá)

Macedonian: преде (prede)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пре̏сти

Latin script: prȅsti

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: présti, prẹ́sti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: přiesti

Czech: příst

Kashubian: przësc, przisc

Polish: prząść

Slovak: priasť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: přasć

Lower Sorbian: pśěsć

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *(s)prenˀd-, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)prend-. Cognate with Lithuanian sprę́sti (“to stretch, to spread, to judge, to solve”) (3sg. spréndžia), Latvian spriêst (“to stretch, to press, to judge, to discuss”) (1sg. spriêžu), Old English sprindel (“snare, hook”). Derksen ascribes the acute tone in the root to Winter's law.


polšiti

polšenьje (noun-from-verb)
polšiti (infinitive)
polšitъ (supine)
polšilъ (l-participle)
polšenъ (participle passive past)
polšimъ (participle passive present)
polšь (active participle past)
polšę (active participle present)
polšixъ (aorist first-person singular)
polši (aorist second-person singular)
polši (aorist singular third-person)
polšǫ (first-person present singular)
polšiši (present second-person singular)
polšitь (present singular third-person)
polšixově (aorist dual first-person)
polšista (aorist dual second-person)
polšiste (aorist dual third-person)
polšivě (dual first-person present)
polšita (dual present second-person)
polšite (dual present third-person)
polšixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
polšiste (aorist plural second-person)
polšišę (aorist plural third-person)
polšimъ (first-person plural present)
polšite (plural present second-person)
polšętь (plural present third-person)
polšaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
polšaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
polšaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
polši (imperative second-person singular)
polši (imperative singular third-person)
polšaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
polšaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
polšaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
polšivě (dual first-person imperative)
polšita (dual imperative second-person)
polšaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
polšaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
polšaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
polšimъ (first-person imperative plural)
polšite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: полошити (pološiti)

Belarusian: палашы́ць (palašýcʹ)

Russian: полоши́ть (pološítʹ); archaic поло́шить (polóšitʹ), 3sg. поло́шит (polóšit)

Ukrainian: полоши́ти (pološýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: плашити (plašiti)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⰾⰰⱎⰻⱅⰻ (plašiti)

Bulgarian: пла́ша (pláša)

Macedonian: плаши (plaši)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пла̏шити

Latin: plȁšiti

Slovene: plášiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: plašiti

Czech: plašit

Polish: płoszyć

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: płóšić

Lower Sorbian: płošyś

Per Derksen, unclear; possibly related to Ancient Greek πάλλω (pállō, “to sway, to swing”), from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₁-; compare Homeric παλλομένη κραδίην (palloménē kradíēn, “with pounding heart”). Also unclear is the origin of the underlying *x < Proto-Indo-European *s.


pьxati

pьxàti (canonical)
pьxanьje (noun-from-verb)
pьxati (infinitive)
pьxatъ (supine)
pьxalъ (l-participle)
pьxanъ (participle passive past)
pьxomъ (participle passive present)
pьxavъ (active participle past)
pьxy (active participle present)
pьxaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
pьxa (aorist second-person singular)
pьxa (aorist singular third-person)
pьxǫ (first-person present singular)
pьšeši (present second-person singular)
pьšetь (present singular third-person)
pьxaxově (aorist dual first-person)
pьxasta (aorist dual second-person)
pьxaste (aorist dual third-person)
pьševě (dual first-person present)
pьšeta (dual present second-person)
pьšete (dual present third-person)
pьxaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pьxaste (aorist plural second-person)
pьxašę (aorist plural third-person)
pьšemъ (first-person plural present)
pьšete (plural present second-person)
pьxǫtь (plural present third-person)
pьxaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pьxaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pьxaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pьśi (imperative second-person singular)
pьśi (imperative singular third-person)
pьxaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pьxaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pьxaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pьśěvě (dual first-person imperative)
pьśěta (dual imperative second-person)
pьxaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pьxaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pьxaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pьśěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
pьśěte (imperative plural second-person)
pьxanьje (noun-from-verb)
pьxati (infinitive)
pьxatъ (supine)
pьxalъ (l-participle)
pьxanъ (participle passive past)
pьxajemъ (participle passive present)
pьxavъ (active participle past)
pьxaję (active participle present)
pьxaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
pьxa (aorist second-person singular)
pьxa (aorist singular third-person)
pьxajǫ (first-person present singular)
pьxaješi (present second-person singular)
pьxajetь (present singular third-person)
pьxaxově (aorist dual first-person)
pьxasta (aorist dual second-person)
pьxaste (aorist dual third-person)
pьxajevě (dual first-person present)
pьxajeta (dual present second-person)
pьxajete (dual present third-person)
pьxaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pьxaste (aorist plural second-person)
pьxašę (aorist plural third-person)
pьxajemъ (first-person plural present)
pьxajete (plural present second-person)
pьxajǫtь (plural present third-person)
pьxaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pьxaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pьxaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pьxaji (imperative second-person singular)
pьxaji (imperative singular third-person)
pьxaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pьxaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pьxaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pьxajivě (dual first-person imperative)
pьxajita (dual imperative second-person)
pьxaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pьxaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pьxaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pьxajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
pьxajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: пьхати (pĭxati), пихати (pixati)
Belarusian: пхаць (pxacʹ), піха́ць (pixácʹ)
Carpathian Rusyn: пха́ти (pxáty)
Russian: пиха́ть (pixátʹ), пхать (pxatʹ) (dialectal)
Ukrainian: пха́ти (pxáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: пьхати (pĭxati)

Bulgarian: пъ́хам (pǎ́ham)

Macedonian: пика (pika)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: pəháti, pháti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desctree

Old Czech: píchati
Czech: píchat, pchát (dialectal)

Kashubian: pchac

Polish: pchać

Slovak: pchať, pichať

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *piš-, *pīš-, from Proto-Indo-European *pis-, from *peys- (“to crush”). Baltic cognates include Lithuanian pìsti (“to copulate”) (1sg. pisù). Other Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit पिनष्टि (pinaṣṭi, “to crush”), Avestan 𐬞𐬌𐬱𐬀𐬥𐬙- (pišant-, “pushing”), Ancient Greek πτίσσω (ptíssō, “to winnow grain, to crush in a mortar”), Latin pīnsō (“to crush”) (infinitive pīnsere), Icelandic fis (“chaff”), Middle High German vīsel (“mortar”).