striťi

c (accent-paradigm)
striženьje (noun-from-verb)
striťi (infinitive)
striťь (supine)
striglъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
striženъ (participle passive past)
strigomъ (participle passive present)
strigъ (active participle past)
strigy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
strigъ (aorist first-person singular)
strigoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
striže (aorist second-person singular)
striže (aorist singular third-person)
strigǫ (first-person present singular)
strižeši (present second-person singular)
strižetь (present singular third-person)
strigově (aorist dual first-person)
strigoxově (aorist dual first-person)
strigeta (aorist dual second-person)
strigosta (aorist dual second-person)
strigete (aorist dual third-person)
strigoste (aorist dual third-person)
striževě (dual first-person present)
strižeta (dual present second-person)
strižete (dual present third-person)
strigomъ (aorist first-person plural)
strigoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
strigete (aorist plural second-person)
strigoste (aorist plural second-person)
strigǫ (aorist plural third-person)
strigošę (aorist plural third-person)
strižemъ (first-person plural present)
strižete (plural present second-person)
strigǫtь (plural present third-person)
strižaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
strižaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
strižaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
stridzi (imperative second-person singular)
stridzi (imperative singular third-person)
strižaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
strižaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
strižaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
stridzěvě (dual first-person imperative)
stridzěta (dual imperative second-person)
strižaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
strižaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
strižaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
stridzěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
stridzěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: стричи (striči)

Belarusian: стры́гчы (strýhčy)

Russian: стричь (stričʹ)

Ukrainian: стри́гти (strýhty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: стрищи (strišti)

Glagolitic: ⱄⱅⱃⰻⱋⰻ (strišti)

Bulgarian: стри́жа (stríža)

Macedonian: стриже (striže)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: стри̏ћи

Latin script: strȉći

Slovene: stríči (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: strzic, strzëgac

desc

Old Czech: střieci, stříci, střežiti, střihati, střiehati

Czech: stříci, střežit, střihat, stříhat

Polabian: straizăt

Old Polish: strzyc

Polish: strzyc

Slovak: strihať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: třihać

Lower Sorbian: stśigaś

From Proto-Indo-European *streyg-. Cognate with Latin stringere (“to skim, to scratch”), Old English strīcan (“to rub, to wander, to brush past”).


lězti

lě̀zti (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
lězenьje (noun-from-verb)
lězti (infinitive)
lěztъ (supine)
lězlъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
lězenъ (participle passive past)
lězomъ (participle passive present)
lězъ (active participle past)
lězy (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
lězъ (aorist first-person singular)
lězoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
lěze (aorist second-person singular)
lěze (aorist singular third-person)
lězǫ (first-person present singular)
lězeši (present second-person singular)
lězetь (present singular third-person)
lězově (aorist dual first-person)
lězoxově (aorist dual first-person)
lězeta (aorist dual second-person)
lězosta (aorist dual second-person)
lězete (aorist dual third-person)
lězoste (aorist dual third-person)
lězevě (dual first-person present)
lězeta (dual present second-person)
lězete (dual present third-person)
lězomъ (aorist first-person plural)
lězoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
lězete (aorist plural second-person)
lězoste (aorist plural second-person)
lězǫ (aorist plural third-person)
lězošę (aorist plural third-person)
lězemъ (first-person plural present)
lězete (plural present second-person)
lězǫtь (plural present third-person)
lězěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
lězěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
lězěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
lězi (imperative second-person singular)
lězi (imperative singular third-person)
lězěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
lězěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
lězěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
lězěvě (dual first-person imperative)
lězěta (dual imperative second-person)
lězěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
lězěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
lězěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
lězěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
lězěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: лѣзти (lězti)

Belarusian: ле́зці (ljézci)

Russian: лезть (leztʹ)

Ukrainian: лі́зти (lízty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: възлѣсти (vŭzlěsti)m излѣсти (izlěsti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: лѣ́зѫ (lě́zǫ) (Gerov's dictionary); ля́за (ljáza)

Serbo-Croatian:

Chakavian (Vrgada): lȉsti

Slovene: lẹ́sti (tonal orthography)

Rovte dialect (Črni vrh, Idrija): lȩ̏st

West Slavic:

Old Czech: lézt

Czech: lézt

Bohemian (Chod dialect): lízt

Polabian: lezĕ (3sg.)

Old Polish: leźć

Polish: leźć

Slovak: liezť

Slovincian: lêsc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: lězć

Lower Sorbian: lězć

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *lḗˀźtei, from Proto-Indo-European *leh₁ǵʰ- (“to crawl on the ground; low”).
Related to Latvian lẽzêt (“to slide”), Old Prussian līse (“(he) crawls”), Old Norse lágr (“low”), English low, Ancient Greek λαχύς (lakhús, “low”).


terti

tèrti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
tьrtьje (noun-from-verb)
terti (infinitive)
tertъ (supine)
tьrlъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
tьrtъ (participle passive past)
tьromъ (participle passive present)
tьrъ (active participle past)
tьry (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
terxъ (aorist first-person singular)
ter (aorist second-person singular)
ter (aorist singular third-person)
tьrǫ (first-person present singular)
tьreši (present second-person singular)
tьretь (present singular third-person)
terxově (aorist dual first-person)
tersta (aorist dual second-person)
terste (aorist dual third-person)
tьrevě (dual first-person present)
tьreta (dual present second-person)
tьrete (dual present third-person)
terxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
terste (aorist plural second-person)
teršę (aorist plural third-person)
tьremъ (first-person plural present)
tьrete (plural present second-person)
tьrǫtь (plural present third-person)
tьrěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tьrěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tьrěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
tьri (imperative second-person singular)
tьri (imperative singular third-person)
tьrěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tьrěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tьrěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tьrěvě (dual first-person imperative)
tьrěta (dual imperative second-person)
tьrěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tьrěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tьrěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tьrěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
tьrěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

Belarusian: це́рці (cjérci)

Russian: тере́ть (terétʹ)

Ukrainian: те́рти (térty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: трѣти (trěti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тр̏ти

Latin script: tȑti

Slovene: trẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: třieti

Czech: třít

Kashubian: trzéc

Old Polish: trzeć

Polish: trzeć

Silesian: trzić

Slovak: trieť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: trěć

Lower Sorbian: trěś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *térˀtei / *tírˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub”). Cognates with Lithuanian tìrti (“to investigate”), trìnti (“to rub”) and Latvian trĩt (“to sharpen”).

tьrti

in Serbo-Croatian, Ukrainian, Belarussian


velťi

velčenьje (noun-from-verb)
velťi (infinitive)
velťь (supine)
velklъ (l-participle)
velčenъ (participle passive past)
velkomъ (participle passive present)
velkъ (active participle past)
velky (active participle present)
velkъ (aorist first-person singular)
velkoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
velče (aorist second-person singular)
velče (aorist singular third-person)
velkǫ (first-person present singular)
velčeši (present second-person singular)
velčetь (present singular third-person)
velkově (aorist dual first-person)
velkoxově (aorist dual first-person)
velketa (aorist dual second-person)
velkosta (aorist dual second-person)
velkete (aorist dual third-person)
velkoste (aorist dual third-person)
velčevě (dual first-person present)
velčeta (dual present second-person)
velčete (dual present third-person)
velkomъ (aorist first-person plural)
velkoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
velkete (aorist plural second-person)
velkoste (aorist plural second-person)
velkǫ (aorist plural third-person)
velkošę (aorist plural third-person)
velčemъ (first-person plural present)
velčete (plural present second-person)
velkǫtь (plural present third-person)
velčaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
velčaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
velčaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
velci (imperative second-person singular)
velci (imperative singular third-person)
velčaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
velčaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
velčaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
velcěvě (dual first-person imperative)
velcěta (dual imperative second-person)
velčaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
velčaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
velčaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
velcěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
velcěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: волочи (voloči)

Old Ruthenian: волочи (voloči)

Belarusian: валачы́ (valačý) (obsolete)

Ukrainian: волокти́ (voloktý)

Russian: воло́чь (volóčʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: влѣщи (vlěšti)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⰾⱑⱋⰹ (vlěšti)

Bulgarian: влека́ (vleká)

Macedonian: влече (vleče)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ву́ћи

Latin script: vúći

Slovene: vlẹ́či (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vléci

Czech: vléci, vléct

Old Polish: wlec

Polish: wlec

Slovak: vliecť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wlec

Lower Sorbian: wlac, lac

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *welk- / *wilk-. Cognate with Lithuanian vil̃kti, 3sg. vel̃ka, 3sg. past vil̃ko and Latvian vìlkt, 1sg. vȩ̀lku. Indo-European background unclear:
* Rix (LIV): From Proto-Indo-European *h₂welk-, cognate with Ancient Greek αὖλαξ (aûlax, “furrow”), Homeric ὦλκα (ôlka, “furrow”, acc. sg.).
* Derksen: LIV-proposed relationship is doubtful.
* Vasmer: From Proto-Indo-European *welk-, cognate with Ancient Greek ἕλκω (hélkō, “to drag”), Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬐- (var^ək-, “to drag”), 𐬟𐬭𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬗𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (frāuuarcaⁱti, “to carry off”), Latin sulcus (“furrow”), Albanian helq, heq (“to pull, to tear off”) < *solkeiō.

velčugo

reptile; literally a creature which creeps


prosterti

prostьrtьje (noun-from-verb)
prosterti (infinitive)
prostertъ (supine)
prostьrlъ (l-participle)
prostьrtъ (participle passive past)
prostьrъ (active participle past)
prosterxъ (aorist first-person singular)
proster (aorist second-person singular)
proster (aorist singular third-person)
prostьrǫ (first-person present singular)
prostьreši (present second-person singular)
prostьretь (present singular third-person)
prosterxově (aorist dual first-person)
prostersta (aorist dual second-person)
prosterste (aorist dual third-person)
prostьrevě (dual first-person present)
prostьreta (dual present second-person)
prostьrete (dual present third-person)
prosterxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
prosterste (aorist plural second-person)
prosteršę (aorist plural third-person)
prostьremъ (first-person plural present)
prostьrete (plural present second-person)
prostьrǫtь (plural present third-person)
prostьri (imperative second-person singular)
prostьri (imperative singular third-person)
prostьrěvě (dual first-person imperative)
prostьrěta (dual imperative second-person)
prostьrěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
prostьrěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

Belarusian: прасце́рці (prascjérci)

Russian: простере́ть (prosterétʹ), 1sg. простру́ (prostrú)

Ukrainian: просте́рти (prostérty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: прострѣти (prostrěti), 1sg. простьрѫ (prostĭrǫ)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: простра́ (prostrá)

Macedonian: простре (prostre)

Serbo-Croatian:

desc

про̀стрије̄ти

Cyrillic script: про̀стрије̄ти, 1sg. про̏стрије̄м

Latin: pròstrijēti, 1sg. prȍstrijēm

Slovene: prostrẹ́ti, 1sg. prostrȅm (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: prostřít

⇒ Old Polish: rozprostrzeć

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: přestrěć

Lower Sorbian: pśestŕeś


obolkъ

ȍbolkъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
ȍbolkъ (nominative singular)
ȍbolka (dual nominative)
ȍbolci (nominative plural)
ȍbolka (genitive singular)
obolkù (dual genitive)
obõlkъ (genitive plural)
ȍbolku (dative singular)
obolkomà (dative dual)
obolkòmъ (dative plural)
ȍbolkъ (accusative singular)
ȍbolka (accusative dual)
ȍbolky (accusative plural)
ȍbolkъmь (instrumental singular)
ȍbolkomь (instrumental singular)
obolkomà (dual instrumental)
obolký (instrumental plural)
ȍbolcě (locative singular)
obolkù (dual locative)
obolcě̃xъ (locative plural)
obolče (singular vocative)
ȍbolka (dual vocative)
ȍbolci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: о́болоко (óboloko), о́болокъ (óbolokŭ)

Russian: о́болоко (óboloko) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: о́болок (óbolok) (dated)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: облакъ (oblakŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱁⰱⰾⰰⰽⱏ (oblakŭ)

Bulgarian: облак (oblak)

Macedonian: облак (oblak)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̏бла̄к

Latin script: ȍblāk

Slovene: oblȃk (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: oblak

Czech: oblak

Polish: obłok

Silesian: ôbłok

Slovak: oblak

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: hobloka

From an earlier **obvolkъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *abwalkas. Morphologically from *ȍb- + *vȏlkъ. It literally means "a thing that shambles (in the sky)". For the loss of -v- between ob- and a vowel compare *obьlъ which comes from an earlier **obvьlъ.


vъtorъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *vъtorъ (hard)

Definite declension of *vъtorъ (hard)

vъtorъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
vъtora (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
vъtoro (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
vъtora (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
vъtory (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
vъtora (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
vъtoru (dative indefinite masculine singular)
vъtorě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
vъtoru (dative indefinite neuter singular)
vъtorъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
vъtorǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
vъtoro (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
vъtoromь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
vъtorojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
vъtoromь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
vъtorě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
vъtorě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
vъtorě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
vъtore (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
vъtoro (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
vъtoro (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
vъtora (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
vъtorě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
vъtorě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
vъtoru (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
vъtoru (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
vъtoru (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
vъtoroma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
vъtorama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
vъtoroma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
vъtora (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
vъtorě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
vъtorě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
vъtoroma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
vъtorama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
vъtoroma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
vъtoru (dual indefinite locative masculine)
vъtoru (dual feminine indefinite locative)
vъtoru (dual indefinite locative neuter)
vъtora (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
vъtorě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
vъtorě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
vъtori (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
vъtory (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
vъtora (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
vъtorъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
vъtorъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
vъtorъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
vъtoromъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
vъtoramъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
vъtoromъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
vъtory (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
vъtory (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
vъtora (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
vъtory (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
vъtorami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
vъtory (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
vъtorěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
vъtoraxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
vъtorěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
vъtori (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
vъtory (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
vъtora (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
vъtorъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
vъtoraja (definite feminine nominative singular)
vъtoroje (definite neuter nominative singular)
vъtorajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
vъtoryję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
vъtorajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
vъtorujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
vъtorěji (dative definite feminine singular)
vъtorujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
vъtorъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
vъtorǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
vъtoroje (accusative definite neuter singular)
vъtoryjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
vъtorǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
vъtoryjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
vъtorějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
vъtorěji (definite feminine locative singular)
vъtorějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
vъtorъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
vъtoraja (definite feminine singular vocative)
vъtoroje (definite neuter singular vocative)
vъtoraja (definite dual masculine nominative)
vъtorěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
vъtorěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
vъtoruju (definite dual genitive masculine)
vъtoruju (definite dual feminine genitive)
vъtoruju (definite dual genitive neuter)
vъtoryjima (dative definite dual masculine)
vъtoryjima (dative definite dual feminine)
vъtoryjima (dative definite dual neuter)
vъtoraja (accusative definite dual masculine)
vъtorěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
vъtorěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
vъtoryjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
vъtoryjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
vъtoryjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
vъtoruju (definite dual locative masculine)
vъtoruju (definite dual feminine locative)
vъtoruju (definite dual locative neuter)
vъtoraja (definite dual masculine vocative)
vъtorěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
vъtorěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
vъtoriji (definite masculine nominative plural)
vъtoryję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
vъtoraja (definite neuter nominative plural)
vъtorъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
vъtorъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
vъtorъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
vъtoryjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
vъtoryjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
vъtoryjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
vъtoryję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
vъtoryję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
vъtoraja (accusative definite neuter plural)
vъtoryjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
vъtoryjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
vъtoryjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
vъtoryjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
vъtoryjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
vъtoryjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
vъtoriji (definite masculine plural vocative)
vъtoryję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
vъtoraja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: въторъ (vŭtorŭ)

⇒ Belarusian: паўтара́ць (paŭtarácʹ)

Russian: второ́й (vtorój)

Ukrainian: вто́рий (vtóryj)

Old Novgorodian: *въторе (*vŭtore)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: въторъ (vŭtorŭ)

Glagolitic: ⰲⱏⱅⱁⱃⱏ (vŭtorŭ)

Bulgarian: вто́ри (vtóri)

Macedonian: втор (vtor)

Slovene: vtóri (tonal orthography)

Serbo-Croatian: utorak

West Slavic:

Czech: úterý (“Tuesday”), vterý (archaic)

Polabian: törĕ

Old Polish: wtóry

Polish: wtóry (archaic)

Slovak: utorok (“Tuesday”)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wutory

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *witaras, from Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)witoros. Cognate with Sanskrit वितरम् (vitarám, “again, further”), Avestan 𐬬𐬍𐬙𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨 (vītar^əm, “further”).
Alternatively, from an older *vъntorъ (where the first part comes from Proto-Slavic *vъn), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ántaras, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énteros. In this case, cognate with Latvian otrs, Lithuanian añtras, añtaras (dialectal), Old Prussian antars.


osmъ

òsmъ (canonical)
osmъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
osma (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
osmo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
osma (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
osmy (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
osma (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
osmu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
osmě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
osmu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
osmъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
osmǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
osmo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
osmomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
osmojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
osmomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
osmě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
osmě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
osmě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
osme (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
osmo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
osmo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
osma (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
osmě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
osmě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
osmu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
osmu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
osmu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
osmoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
osmama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
osmoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
osma (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
osmě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
osmě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
osmoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
osmama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
osmoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
osmu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
osmu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
osmu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
osma (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
osmě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
osmě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
osmi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
osmy (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
osma (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
osmъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
osmъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
osmъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
osmomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
osmamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
osmomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
osmy (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
osmy (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
osma (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
osmy (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
osmami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
osmy (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
osměxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
osmaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
osměxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
osmi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
osmy (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
osma (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
osmъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
osmaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
osmoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
osmajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
osmyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
osmajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
osmujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
osměji (dative definite feminine singular)
osmujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
osmъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
osmǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
osmoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
osmyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
osmǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
osmyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
osmějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
osměji (definite feminine locative singular)
osmějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
osmъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
osmaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
osmoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
osmaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
osměji (definite dual feminine nominative)
osměji (definite dual neuter nominative)
osmuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
osmuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
osmuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
osmyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
osmyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
osmyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
osmaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
osměji (accusative definite dual feminine)
osměji (accusative definite dual neuter)
osmyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
osmyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
osmyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
osmuju (definite dual locative masculine)
osmuju (definite dual feminine locative)
osmuju (definite dual locative neuter)
osmaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
osměji (definite dual feminine vocative)
osměji (definite dual neuter vocative)
osmiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
osmyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
osmaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
osmъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
osmъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
osmъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
osmyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
osmyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
osmyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
osmyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
osmyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
osmaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
osmyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
osmyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
osmyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
osmyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
osmyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
osmyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
osmiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
osmyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
osmaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *osmъ (hard)

Definite declension of *osmъ (hard)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: осмъ (osmŭ), восмъ (vosmŭ)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: осмый (osmyj)
Belarusian: во́сьмы (vósʹmy)
Carpathian Rusyn: во́сьмый (vósʹmŷj)
Ukrainian: во́сьмий (vósʹmyj); во́сьмой (vósʹmoj) (dialectal)

Russian: восьмо́й (vosʹmój)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⱁⱄⰿⱏ (osmŭ)

Old Cyrillic script: осмъ (osmŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̑смӣ

Latin script: ȏsmī

Slovene: ọ́smi (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: osmý, osemý

Czech: osmý, ůsmý (dialectal)

Old Polish: ósmy
Polish: ósmy
Silesian: ôsmy

Polabian: våsmĕ

Old Slovak: osmy, ôsmy

Pannonian Rusyn: осми (osmi)

Slovak: ôsmy

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: òsmë

Slovincian: wósmy

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wosmy

Lower Sorbian: wósymy

From earlier Proto-Balto-Slavic *aśtmas, from Proto-Indo-European *oḱt-ṓwos (rendered as *h₃eḱth̥₃-wos in Derksen 2008) + a suffix *-mos extracted from *septmós (“seventh”). Compare Sanskrit अष्टम (aṣṭama, “eighth”), Avestan 𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀 (astəma, “eighth”), where the same process operated. Cognate with obsolete Lithuanian ãšmas (“eighth”), Old Prussian asmus (“eighth”) and partly with Latin octāvus (“eighth”) and Ancient Greek ὄγδοος (ógdoos, “eighth”).


vьrtěti

vьrtě̀ti (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
vьrtěnьje (noun-from-verb)
vьrtěti (infinitive)
vьrtětъ (supine)
vьrtělъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
vьrtěnъ (participle passive past)
vьrtimъ (participle passive present)
vьrtěvъ (active participle past)
vьrtę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
vьrtěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
vьrtě (aorist second-person singular)
vьrtě (aorist singular third-person)
vьrťǫ (first-person present singular)
vьrtiši (present second-person singular)
vьrtitь (present singular third-person)
vьrtěxově (aorist dual first-person)
vьrtěsta (aorist dual second-person)
vьrtěste (aorist dual third-person)
vьrtivě (dual first-person present)
vьrtita (dual present second-person)
vьrtite (dual present third-person)
vьrtěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vьrtěste (aorist plural second-person)
vьrtěšę (aorist plural third-person)
vьrtimъ (first-person plural present)
vьrtite (plural present second-person)
vьrtętь (plural present third-person)
vьrtěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vьrtěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vьrtěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vьrti (imperative second-person singular)
vьrti (imperative singular third-person)
vьrtěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vьrtěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vьrtěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vьrtivě (dual first-person imperative)
vьrtita (dual imperative second-person)
vьrtěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vьrtěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vьrtěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vьrtimъ (first-person imperative plural)
vьrtite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вьртѣти (vĭrtěti)

Old Ruthenian: вертѣти (vertěti)

Belarusian: вярце́ць (vjarcjécʹ)

Ukrainian: верті́ти (vertíty)

Russian: верте́ть (vertétʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: врьтѣти (vrĭtěti)

Bulgarian: въртя́ (vǎrtjá)

Macedonian: врти (vrti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: вр́тјети

Latin script: vŕtjeti

Slovene: vrtéti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vrtěti

Czech: vrtět

Old Polish: wiercieć
⇒ Silesian: wiertać

Slovak: vrtieť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wjerćić

Lower Sorbian: wjerśeś

Non-Slavic:

→ Aromanian: anvãrtescu (with an and -escu)

→ Romanian: învârti (with în)

→ Romanian: vârtej

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wirtḗˀtei, *wirstei from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥t-, from Proto-Indo-European *wert-.
Baltic cognates include
Lithuanian vir̃sti (“to fall, to collapse”), 1sg. virčiù, Latvian vḕrst (“to direct, to steer”), Old Prussian wīrst (“becomes”, 3sg.). Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit वर्तते (vártate, “to turn, to roll”), Latin vertō (“to turn”), Proto-Germanic *werþaną (“to become”).


pьrati

c (accent-paradigm)
pьranьje (noun-from-verb)
pьrati (infinitive)
pьratъ (supine)
pьralъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
pьranъ (participle passive past)
peromъ (participle passive present)
pьravъ (active participle past)
pery (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
pьraxъ (aorist first-person singular)
pьra (aorist second-person singular)
pьra (aorist singular third-person)
perǫ (first-person present singular)
pereši (present second-person singular)
peretь (present singular third-person)
pьraxově (aorist dual first-person)
pьrasta (aorist dual second-person)
pьraste (aorist dual third-person)
perevě (dual first-person present)
pereta (dual present second-person)
perete (dual present third-person)
pьraxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pьraste (aorist plural second-person)
pьrašę (aorist plural third-person)
peremъ (first-person plural present)
perete (plural present second-person)
perǫtь (plural present third-person)
pьraaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pьraaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pьraaše (imperfect singular third-person)
peri (imperative second-person singular)
peri (imperative singular third-person)
pьraaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pьraašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pьraašete (dual imperfect third-person)
perěvě (dual first-person imperative)
perěta (dual imperative second-person)
pьraaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pьraašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pьraaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
perěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
perěte (imperative plural second-person)

Church Slavonic: перу (peru, “I fly, I move”) (Russian)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: 1sg. перѫ (perǫ, “I fly”), 3pl. перѫтъ (perǫtŭ, “they fly”)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

* Per Derksen, related to *però (“wing”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥H-, from *perH-. Cognate with Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌽 (faran, “to wander”), German fahren (“to travel”), English fare, and less directly with Lithuanian spar̃nas (“wing”), Latvian spā̀rns (“wing”), Sanskrit पर्ण (parṇá, “wing”), Ancient Greek πτερόν (pterón, “wing”), Old English fearn (“fern”), English fern, Old Irish raith (“fern”).
* Per Vasmer, cognate with Ancient Greek πείρω (peírō, “to pierce, to break”), περάω (peráō, “to pierce, to break”), πόρος (póros, “passage”), πορθμός (porthmós, “isthmus, crossing”), Sanskrit पिपर्ति (píparti, “to transport, to transfer”), Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌽 (faran, “to wander”), German fahren (“to travel”), English fare. This apparently reflects Proto-Indo-European *per-, without a laryngeal.
* Others derive both *però (“wing”) and Ancient Greek πτερόν (pterón, “wing”) from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥, cognate with English feather.
Note that Vasmer derives Old Church Slavonic перѫтъ (perǫtŭ, “they fly”) from Proto-Slavic *perti (“to fly”) (etymologically separate from the normal verb of that shape). This derivation is not consistent with evidence from other languages, which show that *perti has 1sg. *pьrǫ rather than **perǫ. Vasmer also includes Russian пере́ть (perétʹ, “to move, to travel”) as a derivative of this putative verb rather than as a colloquial, secondary development from the primary meaning "to drag".


pьrati

pьràti (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
pьranьje (noun-from-verb)
pьrati (infinitive)
pьratъ (supine)
pьralъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
pьranъ (participle passive past)
peromъ (participle passive present)
pьravъ (active participle past)
pery (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
pьraxъ (aorist first-person singular)
pьra (aorist second-person singular)
pьra (aorist singular third-person)
perǫ (first-person present singular)
pereši (present second-person singular)
peretь (present singular third-person)
pьraxově (aorist dual first-person)
pьrasta (aorist dual second-person)
pьraste (aorist dual third-person)
perevě (dual first-person present)
pereta (dual present second-person)
perete (dual present third-person)
pьraxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pьraste (aorist plural second-person)
pьrašę (aorist plural third-person)
peremъ (first-person plural present)
perete (plural present second-person)
perǫtь (plural present third-person)
pьraaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pьraaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pьraaše (imperfect singular third-person)
peri (imperative second-person singular)
peri (imperative singular third-person)
pьraaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pьraašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pьraašete (dual imperfect third-person)
perěvě (dual first-person imperative)
perěta (dual imperative second-person)
pьraaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pьraašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pьraaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
perěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
perěte (imperative plural second-person)

Church Slavonic: пьрати (pĭrati)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: пьрати (pĭrati)

Belarusian: праць (pracʹ)

desc

Russian: прать (pratʹ), попра́ть (poprátʹ)

Ukrainian: пра́ти (práty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: пера́ (perá)

Macedonian: пере (pere)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пра̏ти

Latin script: prȁti

Slovene: práti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: práti

Czech: prát

Kashubian: prac

Polish: prać

Slovak: prať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: prać

Lower Sorbian: praś

Formed as *perti + *-ati, descending either from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to propel, forwards”) or from Proto-Indo-European *(s)perH- (“to trample, to spurn”) (see *perti for further explanation). The present tense declension continues the simple thematic forms *(s)per(H)-é-ti.


devętъ

devę̃tъ (canonical)
devętъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
devęta (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
devęto (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
devęta (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
devęty (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
devęta (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
devętu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
devętě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
devętu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
devętъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
devętǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
devęto (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
devętomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
devętojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
devętomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
devętě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
devętě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
devętě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
devęte (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
devęto (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
devęto (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
devęta (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
devętě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
devętě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
devętu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
devętu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
devętu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
devętoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
devętama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
devętoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
devęta (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
devętě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
devętě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
devętoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
devętama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
devętoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
devętu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
devętu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
devętu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
devęta (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
devętě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
devętě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
devęti (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
devęty (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
devęta (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
devętъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
devętъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
devętъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
devętomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
devętamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
devętomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
devęty (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
devęty (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
devęta (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
devęty (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
devętami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
devęty (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
devętěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
devętaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
devętěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
devęti (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
devęty (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
devęta (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
devętъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
devętaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
devętoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
devętajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
devętyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
devętajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
devętujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
devętěji (dative definite feminine singular)
devętujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
devętъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
devętǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
devętoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
devętyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
devętǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
devętyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
devętějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
devętěji (definite feminine locative singular)
devętějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
devętъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
devętaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
devętoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
devętaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
devętěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
devętěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
devętuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
devętuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
devętuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
devętyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
devętyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
devętyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
devętaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
devętěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
devętěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
devętyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
devętyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
devętyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
devętuju (definite dual locative masculine)
devętuju (definite dual feminine locative)
devętuju (definite dual locative neuter)
devętaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
devętěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
devętěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
devętiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
devętyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
devętaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
devętъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
devętъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
devętъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
devętyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
devętyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
devętyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
devętyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
devętyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
devętaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
devętyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
devętyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
devętyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
devętyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
devętyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
devętyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
devętiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
devętyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
devętaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *devętъ (hard)

Definite declension of *devętъ (hard)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: девѧтꙑи

Belarusian: дзевя́ты (dzjevjáty)

Russian: девя́тый (devjátyj)

Ukrainian: дев'я́тий (devʺjátyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: девѧтъ

Glagolitic: ⰴⰵⰲⱔⱅⱏ (devętŭ)

Bulgarian: деве́ти (devéti)

Macedonian: деветти (devetti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дѐве̄тӣ

Latin script: dèvētī

Slovene: devẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: devátý

Czech: devátý

desctree

Old Polish: dziewiąty
Polish: dziewiąty
Silesian: dziewiōnty

Old Slovak: deviaty

Slovak: deviaty

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: dzewiąti

Slovincian: dzêvjõty

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: dźewjaty

Lower Sorbian: źewjety

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dewin(t)as, reformed from earlier Proto-Balto-Slavic *newin(t)as (still preserved in Old Prussian, unless initial *n- is secondary and stems from Germanic influence) with *d- by analogy with Proto-Balto-Slavic *deśimtas (“tenth”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁newn-o- with introduced suffix *-tos. (Per Trubačev, from Proto-Indo-European *newentos, *newn̥tos.) Baltic cognates include Lithuanian deviñtas, Latvian devîts, devîtais, Old Prussian newīnts. Also cognate with Latin nōnus (“ninth”) as well as Ancient Greek ἔνατος (énatos, “ninth”), Gothic 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰 (niunda, “ninth”), both with the same suffix *-tos.


tretь

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *tretь (soft)

Definite declension of *tretь (soft)

tretьjь (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
tretьja (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
tretьje (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
tretьja (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
tretьję̇ (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
tretьja (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
tretьju (dative indefinite masculine singular)
tretьji (dative feminine indefinite singular)
tretьju (dative indefinite neuter singular)
tretьjь (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
tretьjǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
tretьje (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
tretьjemь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
tretьjejǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
tretьjemь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
tretьji (indefinite locative masculine singular)
tretьji (feminine indefinite locative singular)
tretьji (indefinite locative neuter singular)
tretьju (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
tretьje (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
tretьje (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
tretьja (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
tretьji (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
tretьji (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
tretьju (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
tretьju (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
tretьju (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
tretьjema (dative dual indefinite masculine)
tretьjama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
tretьjema (dative dual indefinite neuter)
tretьja (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
tretьji (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
tretьji (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
tretьjema (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
tretьjama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
tretьjema (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
tretьju (dual indefinite locative masculine)
tretьju (dual feminine indefinite locative)
tretьju (dual indefinite locative neuter)
tretьja (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
tretьji (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
tretьji (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
tretьji (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
tretьję̇ (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
tretьja (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
tretьjь (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
tretьjь (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
tretьjь (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
tretьjemъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
tretьjamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
tretьjemъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
tretьję̇ (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
tretьję̇ (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
tretьja (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
tretьji (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
tretьjami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
tretьji (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
tretьjixъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
tretьjaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
tretьjixъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
tretьji (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
tretьję̇ (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
tretьja (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
tretьjьjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
tretьjaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
tretьjeje (definite neuter nominative singular)
tretьjajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
tretьję̇ję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
tretьjajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
tretьjujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
tretьjiji (dative definite feminine singular)
tretьjujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
tretьjьjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
tretьjǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
tretьjeje (accusative definite neuter singular)
tretьjijimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
tretьjǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
tretьjijimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
tretьjijemь (definite locative masculine singular)
tretьjiji (definite feminine locative singular)
tretьjijemь (definite locative neuter singular)
tretьjьjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
tretьjaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
tretьjeje (definite neuter singular vocative)
tretьjaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
tretьjiji (definite dual feminine nominative)
tretьjiji (definite dual neuter nominative)
tretьjuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
tretьjuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
tretьjuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
tretьjijima (dative definite dual masculine)
tretьjijima (dative definite dual feminine)
tretьjijima (dative definite dual neuter)
tretьjaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
tretьjiji (accusative definite dual feminine)
tretьjiji (accusative definite dual neuter)
tretьjijima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
tretьjijima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
tretьjijima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
tretьjuju (definite dual locative masculine)
tretьjuju (definite dual feminine locative)
tretьjuju (definite dual locative neuter)
tretьjaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
tretьjiji (definite dual feminine vocative)
tretьjiji (definite dual neuter vocative)
tretьjiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
tretьję̇ję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
tretьjaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
tretьjьjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
tretьjьjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
tretьjьjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
tretьjijimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
tretьjijimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
tretьjijimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
tretьję̇ję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
tretьję̇ję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
tretьjaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
tretьjijimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
tretьjijimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
tretьjijimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
tretьjijixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
tretьjijixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
tretьjijixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
tretьjiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
tretьję̇ję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
tretьjaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: третии (tretii)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: третїй (tretij)
Belarusian: трэ́ці (tréci); треццій (trjeccij), тре́цьцій (trjécʹcij) (dialectal)
Carpathian Rusyn: третїй (tretjij); третый (tretŷj) (regional)
Ukrainian: тре́тій (trétij); тре́йтій (tréjtij), тре́тий (trétyj) (dialectal)

Russian: тре́тий (trétij)

Old Novgorodian: третьи (tretĭi)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: третии (tretii)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: тре́ти (tréti)

Macedonian: трети (treti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тре̏ћӣ

Latin script: trȅćī

Slovene: trẹ́tji (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: trzecy

Old Czech: třetí
Czech: třetí

Old Polish: trzeci
Polish: trzeci
Silesian: trzeci

Polabian: tritĕ

Slovak: tretí

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: třeći

Lower Sorbian: tśeśi

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tretias, remodeled from *tirtias (preserved in Old Prussian) by analogy with the cardinal number, from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥tyos.
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian trẽčias, Latvian trešais, Latgalian trešs, Old Prussian tīrts.
Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit तृतीय (tṛtī́ya), Latin tertius, Ancient Greek τρίτος (trítos), Proto-Germanic *þridjô.


sǫditi

sǫdìti (canonical)
sǭdìti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
sǫďenьje (noun-from-verb)
sǫditi (infinitive)
sǫditъ (supine)
sǫdilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
sǫďenъ (participle passive past)
sǫdimъ (participle passive present)
sǫďь (active participle past)
sǫdę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
sǫdixъ (aorist first-person singular)
sǫdi (aorist second-person singular)
sǫdi (aorist singular third-person)
sǫďǫ (first-person present singular)
sǫdiši (present second-person singular)
sǫditь (present singular third-person)
sǫdixově (aorist dual first-person)
sǫdista (aorist dual second-person)
sǫdiste (aorist dual third-person)
sǫdivě (dual first-person present)
sǫdita (dual present second-person)
sǫdite (dual present third-person)
sǫdixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sǫdiste (aorist plural second-person)
sǫdišę (aorist plural third-person)
sǫdimъ (first-person plural present)
sǫdite (plural present second-person)
sǫdętь (plural present third-person)
sǫďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sǫďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sǫďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sǫdi (imperative second-person singular)
sǫdi (imperative singular third-person)
sǫďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sǫďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sǫďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sǫdivě (dual first-person imperative)
sǫdita (dual imperative second-person)
sǫďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sǫďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sǫďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sǫdimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sǫdite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сѫди́ти (sǫdíti)

Old Ruthenian: суди́ти (sudíti)

Belarusian: судзі́ць (sudzícʹ)

Ukrainian: суди́ти (sudýty)

Middle Russian: суди́ти (sudíti)

Russian: суди́ть (sudítʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сѫдити (sǫditi)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱘⰴⰺⱅⰺ (sǫditi)

Bulgarian: съ́дя (sǎ́dja)

Macedonian: суди (sudi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: су́дити

Latin script: súditi

Slovene: sọ́diti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: súditi

Czech: soudit

Old Polish: sędzić
Polish: sądzić
Silesian: sōndzić

Slovak: súdiť

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: sãdzëc

Slovincian: sãdzëc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: sudźić

Lower Sorbian: suźiś

→ Albanian: sodit

→ Estonian: sundima

→ Romanian: osândi


sǫdi

sǫdì (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
sǫdь̀ja (nominative singular)
sǫdь̀ji (dual nominative)
sǫdь̀ję̇ (nominative plural)
sǫdь̀ję̇ (genitive singular)
sǫdь̀ju (dual genitive)
sǫdь̀jь (genitive plural)
sǫdь̀ji (dative singular)
sǫdь̀jama (dative dual)
sǫdь̀jamъ (dative plural)
sǫdь̀jǫ (accusative singular)
sǫdь̀ji (accusative dual)
sǫdь̀ję̇ (accusative plural)
sǫdь̀jejǫ (instrumental singular)
sǫdь̀jǫ (instrumental singular)
sǫdь̀jama (dual instrumental)
sǫdь̀jamī (instrumental plural)
sǫdь̀ji (locative singular)
sǫdь̀ju (dual locative)
sǫdь̀jasъ (locative plural)
sǫdь̀jaxъ (locative plural)
sǫdьje (singular vocative)
sǫdь̀ji (dual vocative)
sǫdь̀ję̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: сꙋди (sudi), сꙋдии (sudii), сꙋдиꙗ (sudija)

Belarusian: суддзя́ (suddzjá), судзьдзя́ (sudzʹdzjá)

Russian: судья́ (sudʹjá)

Ukrainian: суддя́ (suddjá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: сѫди (sǫdi), сѫдии (sǫdii)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: съдия́ (sǎdijá)

Macedonian: судија (sudija)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: су̀дија

Latin script: sùdija

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: sọ́dij, sọ́dja (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: sãdza

Old Czech: sudí

Czech: sudí

Old Polish: sędzia

Polish: sędzia

Silesian: syńdzia

From Proto-Indo-European *som-dʰh₁-ih₂, from *som- + *dʰeh₁- + *-ih₂. Cognate with Lithuanian samdà (“rent”), samdýti (“to hire”), Sanskrit सम्धि (samdhí, “connection, treaty, peace”).


perti

pérti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
pьrtьje (noun-from-verb)
perti (infinitive)
pertъ (supine)
pьrlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
pьrtъ (participle passive past)
pьromъ (participle passive present)
pьrъ (active participle past)
pьry (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
perxъ (aorist first-person singular)
per (aorist second-person singular)
per (aorist singular third-person)
pьrǫ (first-person present singular)
pьreši (present second-person singular)
pьretь (present singular third-person)
perxově (aorist dual first-person)
persta (aorist dual second-person)
perste (aorist dual third-person)
pьrevě (dual first-person present)
pьreta (dual present second-person)
pьrete (dual present third-person)
perxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
perste (aorist plural second-person)
peršę (aorist plural third-person)
pьremъ (first-person plural present)
pьrete (plural present second-person)
pьrǫtь (plural present third-person)
pьrěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pьrěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pьrěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pьri (imperative second-person singular)
pьri (imperative singular third-person)
pьrěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pьrěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pьrěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pьrěvě (dual first-person imperative)
pьrěta (dual imperative second-person)
pьrěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pьrěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pьrěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pьrěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
pьrěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

Belarusian: пе́рці (pjérci), 1sg. пру (pru)

desc

Russian: пере́ть (perétʹ, “to push, to drag; (colloquial) to move, to travel”), 1sg. пру (pru), 3sg. прёт (prjot)

Ukrainian: пе́рти (pérty), 1sg. пру (pru)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: прѣти (prěti, “to quarrel”), 1sg. пьрѫ (pĭrǫ)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: запра́ (zaprá), запи́рам (zapíram, “to detain, to prohibit”)

Macedonian: запре (zapre, “to stop”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: за̀пре̄ти (“to bar, to lock”), 1sg. за̏пре̄м

Latin: zàprēti (“to bar, to lock”), 1sg. zȁprēm

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: zaprẹ́ti (“to bar, to lock”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. zaprȅm (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: přieti sě (“to challenge”)

Czech: přít se (“to quarrel”), 1sg. pru se, přu se; (obsolete) přít (“to deny, to renounce”), 1sg. přu, přím; zapřít (“to enclose, to obstruct”), 1sg. zapru

desc

Polish: przeć (“to push, to press (on)”), 1sg. prę

Slovak: zaprieť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: prěć (“to refuse, to renounce”)

Lower Sorbian: pŕěś (“to refuse, to renounce”)

* Per Derksen, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *pertei, from Proto-Indo-European *per-. Baltic cognates include Lithuanian per̃ti (“to beat with a broom (in a bath)”), and wider Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit पृत् (pṛt), पृतन (pṛ́tana), पृतना (pṛ́tanā, “struggle, dispute, battle”), Old Armenian հարկանեմ (harkanem, “to beat”).
* Per Vasmer, cognates also include Latvian pḕrt (“to beat, to pound”), pirêtiês (“to quarrel”), Avestan 𐬞𐬆𐬱𐬀𐬥𐬀 (pəšana, “battle”), 𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀𐬥𐬙𐬉 (pər^ətantē, “they are fighting”), Sanskrit परि (parí), परिन् (parin, “enemy”), Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬭- (par-, “stand in the way”). Vasmer also includes various cognates beginning with *sp- that may reflect a separate Indo-European root *sperH- or *perH: Lithuanian spìrti (“to prop up”), 1sg. Lithuanian spiriù and Lithuanian ãtsparas (“support, stand”), and wider Indo-European cognates Latin spernō (“to spurn”), English spurn, Sanskrit स्फुरति (sphuráti, “to kick away, to shudder”), Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (sparaⁱti, “to trample, to push”).
Vasmer treats the Russian meanings "to move, to travel" as belonging to an entirely separate homophonous verb, also found in Old Church Slavonic перѫтъ (perǫtŭ, “they fly”), but this form more correctly stems from the Proto-Slavic verb *pьrati (“to fly”), and the Russian meanings are colloquial and likely to be extensions of the underlying meaning "to drag".

cog

→ to quarrel, deny, renounce


sějati

sě̀jati (canonical)
sějanьje (noun-from-verb)
sějati (infinitive)
sějatъ (supine)
sějalъ (l-participle)
sějanъ (participle passive past)
sějemъ (participle passive present)
sějavъ (active participle past)
sěję (active participle present)
sějaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sěja (aorist second-person singular)
sěja (aorist singular third-person)
sějǫ (first-person present singular)
sěješi (present second-person singular)
sějetь (present singular third-person)
sějaxově (aorist dual first-person)
sějasta (aorist dual second-person)
sějaste (aorist dual third-person)
sějevě (dual first-person present)
sějeta (dual present second-person)
sějete (dual present third-person)
sějaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sějaste (aorist plural second-person)
sějašę (aorist plural third-person)
sějemъ (first-person plural present)
sějete (plural present second-person)
sějǫtь (plural present third-person)
sějaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sějaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sějaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sěji (imperative second-person singular)
sěji (imperative singular third-person)
sějaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sějaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sějaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sějivě (dual first-person imperative)
sějita (dual imperative second-person)
sějaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sějaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sějaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sějite (imperative plural second-person)


sǫdъ

sǫ̃dъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
sǫ̃dъ (nominative singular)
sǭdà (dual nominative)
sǭdì (nominative plural)
sǭdà (genitive singular)
sǭdù (dual genitive)
sǫ̃dъ (genitive plural)
sǭdù (dative singular)
sǭdòma (dative dual)
sǭdòmъ (dative plural)
sǫ̃dъ (accusative singular)
sǭdà (accusative dual)
sǭdỳ (accusative plural)
sǭdъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
sǭdòmь (instrumental singular)
sǭdòma (dual instrumental)
sǫ̃dy (instrumental plural)
sǭdě̀ (locative singular)
sǭdù (dual locative)
sǫ̃děxъ (locative plural)
sǫde (singular vocative)
sǭdà (dual vocative)
sǭdì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: сѫдъ (sǫdŭ), судъ (sudŭ)
Old Ruthenian: судъ (sud)
Belarusian: суд (sud)
Ukrainian: суд (sud)
Russian: суд (sud) (see there for further descendants)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сѫдъ (sǫdŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱘⰴⱏ (sǫdŭ)

Bulgarian: съд (sǎd), сънт (sǎnt) (dialectal)

Macedonian: суд (sud)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: су̑д

Latin script: sȗd

Slovene: sọ́d (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: súd
Czech: soud

Old Polish: sąd (“court”)
Polish: sąd (“court”)
Silesian: sōnd

Old Slovak: súd
Slovak: súd

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: sąd

Slovincian: sõd

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: sud

Lower Sorbian: sud

Non-Slavic:

→ Lithuanian: sũdas

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sámdas, from Proto-Indo-European *som-dʰh₁-os, from *som- + *dʰeh₁- + *-os. Cognate with Lithuanian samdà (“rent”), Sanskrit सन्धि (sandhí, “connection, treaty, peace”). See *sǫdì (“judge”).


pojasъ

pȍjāsъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
pȍjāsъ (nominative singular)
pȍjāsa (dual nominative)
pȍjāsi (nominative plural)
pȍjāsa (genitive singular)
pojāsù (dual genitive)
pojãsъ (genitive plural)
pȍjāsu (dative singular)
pojāsomà (dative dual)
pojāsòmъ (dative plural)
pȍjāsъ (accusative singular)
pȍjāsa (accusative dual)
pȍjāsy (accusative plural)
pȍjāsъmь (instrumental singular)
pȍjāsomь (instrumental singular)
pojāsomà (dual instrumental)
pojāsý (instrumental plural)
pȍjāsě (locative singular)
pojāsù (dual locative)
pojāsě̃xъ (locative plural)
pojase (singular vocative)
pȍjāsa (dual vocative)
pȍjāsi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: поꙗсъ (pojasŭ), поꙗсьница (pojasĭnica)

Belarusian: по́яс (pójas)

Russian: по́яс (pójas)

Ukrainian: по́яс (pójas)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: поꙗсъ (pojasŭ)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: по́яс (pójas)

Macedonian: појас (pojas)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: по̏ја̄с

Latin script: pȍjās

Slovene: pȃs (tonal orthography), gen. pȃsa, pasȗ (tonal orthography); pojȃs (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: pás

Czech: pás

desctree

Polish: pas
→ Belarusian: пас (pas)
→ Yiddish: פּאַס (pas)

Slovak: pás

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: pas

Lower Sorbian: pas

From *po- + *jasъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *yōˀs-, from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₃s-. Cognate with Lithuanian júosta (“girdle”), Latvian jôsta (“girdle”), Ancient Greek ζωστήρ (zōstḗr, “girdle”), Ancient Greek ζωστός (zōstós, “girdled”), Avestan 𐬫𐬁𐬵- (yāh-, “girdle”), 𐬫𐬁𐬯𐬙𐬀 (yāsta, “girdled”), Albanian gjesh (“to gird”).


pъtica

pъtìca (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
pъtìca (nominative singular)
pъtìci (dual nominative)
pъtìcę̇ (nominative plural)
pъtìcę̇ (genitive singular)
pъtìcu (dual genitive)
pъtìcь (genitive plural)
pъtìcī (dative singular)
pъtìcama (dative dual)
pъtìcāmъ (dative plural)
pъtìcǫ (accusative singular)
pъtìci (accusative dual)
pъtìcę̇ (accusative plural)
pъtìcējǫ (instrumental singular)
pъtìcǭ (instrumental singular)
pъtìcama (dual instrumental)
pъtìcāmī (instrumental plural)
pъtìcī (locative singular)
pъtìcu (dual locative)
pъtìcāsъ (locative plural)
pъtìce (singular vocative)
pъtìci (dual vocative)
pъtìcę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: пътица (pŭtica)
Old Ruthenian: пти́ца (ptíca)
Belarusian: пці́ца (pcíca)
Carpathian Rusyn: пти́ця (ptýcja)
Ukrainian: пти́ця (ptýcja)
Russian: пти́ца (ptíca)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: пътица (pŭtica)

Glagolitic: ⱂⱏⱅⰻⱌⰰ (pŭtica)

Bulgarian: пти́ца (ptíca)

Macedonian: птица (ptica)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пти̏ца

Latin script: ptȉca

Slovene: ptíca (tonal orthography)

From *pъta + *-ica, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *put-. Cognate with Latvian putns (“bird”), Lithuanian putýtis (“little bird”), Lithuanian pučiùtė (“chicken”). More distantly cognate with Latin putila (“chick, baby bird”) and (per Vasmer) various words referring to children, e.g. Latin putus, putillus (“child”), Sanskrit पुत्र (putrá, “child, son”), Avestan 𐬞𐬎𐬚𐬭𐬀 (puθra, “child, son”), Paelignian puclo- (“child”). Chernykh adds Latin pullus (“chicken”) < Proto-Indo-European *put-s-lo-.


měriti

mě̀riti (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
měřenьje (noun-from-verb)
měriti (infinitive)
měritъ (supine)
měrilъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
měřenъ (participle passive past)
měrimъ (participle passive present)
měřь (active participle past)
měrę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
měrixъ (aorist first-person singular)
měri (aorist second-person singular)
měri (aorist singular third-person)
měřǫ (first-person present singular)
měriši (present second-person singular)
měritь (present singular third-person)
měrixově (aorist dual first-person)
měrista (aorist dual second-person)
měriste (aorist dual third-person)
měrivě (dual first-person present)
měrita (dual present second-person)
měrite (dual present third-person)
měrixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
měriste (aorist plural second-person)
měrišę (aorist plural third-person)
měrimъ (first-person plural present)
měrite (plural present second-person)
měrętь (plural present third-person)
měřaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
měřaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
měřaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
měri (imperative second-person singular)
měri (imperative singular third-person)
měřaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
měřaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
měřaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
měrivě (dual first-person imperative)
měrita (dual imperative second-person)
měřaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
měřaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
měřaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
měrimъ (first-person imperative plural)
měrite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мѣрити (měriti)

Belarusian: ме́раць (mjéracʹ)

Russian: ме́рить (méritʹ)

Ukrainian: мі́рити (míryty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: мѣрити (měriti)

Glagolitic script: ⰿⱑⱃⰻⱅⰻ (měriti)

Bulgarian: ме́ря (mérja)

Macedonian: мери (meri)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ме̏рити

Latin script: mȅriti

Slovene: mẹ́riti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: měřiti, mieřiti

Czech: měřit, mířit

Polabian: merĕ

Old Polish: mierzyć

Polish: mierzyć

Slovak: mieriť

Slovincian: mjêrzëc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: měrić

Lower Sorbian: měriś

Non-Slavic:

→ Lithuanian: miẽryti

→ Latvian: mẽrît

→ Old Prussian: ermīrit, pomīrit


derti

dertì (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
dьrtьje (noun-from-verb)
derti (infinitive)
dertъ (supine)
dьrlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
dьrtъ (participle passive past)
dьromъ (participle passive present)
dьrъ (active participle past)
dьry (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
derxъ (aorist first-person singular)
der (aorist second-person singular)
der (aorist singular third-person)
dьrǫ (first-person present singular)
dьreši (present second-person singular)
dьretь (present singular third-person)
derxově (aorist dual first-person)
dersta (aorist dual second-person)
derste (aorist dual third-person)
dьrevě (dual first-person present)
dьreta (dual present second-person)
dьrete (dual present third-person)
derxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
derste (aorist plural second-person)
deršę (aorist plural third-person)
dьremъ (first-person plural present)
dьrete (plural present second-person)
dьrǫtь (plural present third-person)
dьrěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dьrěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dьrěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dьri (imperative second-person singular)
dьri (imperative singular third-person)
dьrěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dьrěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dьrěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dьrěvě (dual first-person imperative)
dьrěta (dual imperative second-person)
dьrěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dьrěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dьrěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dьrěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
dьrěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: дзерці (dzjerci)

Ukrainian: дерти (derty)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дријѐти

Latin script: drijèti

Slovene: drẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dřieti

Czech: dřít

Polish: drzeć

Slovak: drieť

Slovincian: drzéc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: drjeć, drěć

Lower Sorbian: drěś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *derˀtéi (“to tear; to peel”), reanalyzed athematic root aorist of Proto-Indo-European *derH- (“to split, to separate; to tear, to crack, to shatter”).
Cognate with Lithuanian dérti (“to tear, to peel”) (Žemaitian dialect), as well as Ancient Greek δέρω (dérō, “to flay”), Proto-Germanic *teraną (“to tear; snatch or pull off [from]; tug”).


česati

česàti (canonical)
b (accent-paradigm)
česanьje (noun-from-verb)
česati (infinitive)
česatъ (supine)
česalъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
česanъ (participle passive past)
češemъ (participle passive present)
česavъ (active participle past)
češę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
česaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
česa (aorist second-person singular)
česa (aorist singular third-person)
češǫ (first-person present singular)
češeši (present second-person singular)
češetь (present singular third-person)
česaxově (aorist dual first-person)
česasta (aorist dual second-person)
česaste (aorist dual third-person)
češevě (dual first-person present)
češeta (dual present second-person)
češete (dual present third-person)
česaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
česaste (aorist plural second-person)
česašę (aorist plural third-person)
češemъ (first-person plural present)
češete (plural present second-person)
češǫtь (plural present third-person)
česaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
česaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
česaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
češi (imperative second-person singular)
češi (imperative singular third-person)
česaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
česaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
česaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
češivě (dual first-person imperative)
češita (dual imperative second-person)
česaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
česaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
česaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
češimъ (first-person imperative plural)
češite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: чесати (česati)

Belarusian: часа́ць (časácʹ)

Russian: чеса́ть (česátʹ)

Ukrainian: чеса́ти (česáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: чесати (česati)

Glagolitic script: ⱍⰵⱄⰰⱅⰻ (česati)

Bulgarian: че́ша (čéša)

Macedonian: чеша (češa)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: чѐшати

Latin script: čèšati

Slovene: česáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: česati

Czech: česat

Kashubian: czosac

Polabian: cesăt

Old Polish: czosać
Polish: czesać

Slovak: česať

Slovincian: czôsac

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: česać

Lower Sorbian: cesaś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *késtei, from Proto-Indo-European *kes-.


vęzati

vę̄zàti (canonical)
b (accent-paradigm)
vęzanьje (noun-from-verb)
vęzati (infinitive)
vęzatъ (supine)
vęzalъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
vęzanъ (participle passive past)
vęžemъ (participle passive present)
vęzavъ (active participle past)
vęžę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
vęzaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
vęza (aorist second-person singular)
vęza (aorist singular third-person)
vęžǫ (first-person present singular)
vęžeši (present second-person singular)
vęžetь (present singular third-person)
vęzaxově (aorist dual first-person)
vęzasta (aorist dual second-person)
vęzaste (aorist dual third-person)
vęževě (dual first-person present)
vęžeta (dual present second-person)
vęžete (dual present third-person)
vęzaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vęzaste (aorist plural second-person)
vęzašę (aorist plural third-person)
vęžemъ (first-person plural present)
vęžete (plural present second-person)
vęžǫtь (plural present third-person)
vęzaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vęzaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vęzaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vęži (imperative second-person singular)
vęži (imperative singular third-person)
vęzaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vęzaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vęzaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vęživě (dual first-person imperative)
vęžita (dual imperative second-person)
vęzaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vęzaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vęzaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vęžimъ (first-person imperative plural)
vęžite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вѧзати

Belarusian: вяза́ць (vjazácʹ)

Russian: вяза́ть (vjazátʹ)

Ukrainian: в'яза́ти (vʺjazáty)

Carpathian Rusyn: вязати (vjazaty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: вѧзати

Glagolitic script: ⰲⱔⰸⰰⱅⰻ (vęzati)

desc

Bulgarian: ве́жа (véža) (obsolescent, dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ве́зати

Latin script: vézati

Slovene: vẹ́zati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vázati

Czech: vázat

Bohemian (Chod dialect): vázat

Kashubian: wiãzac

Polabian: v́ǫzăt

desctree

Old Polish: więzać
Polish: wiązać
Silesian: wiōnzać

Slovak: viazať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wjazać

Lower Sorbian: wjezaś

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂enǵʰ- (“to constrict, tighten”). (Originally *h₂m̥ǵʰ-?) Cognate with Hittite [script needed] (ḫamank, “to tie, to betroth”) < *h₂m-(o)n-ǵʰ-, Ancient Greek ἄγχω (ánkhō, “to strangle, to squeeze”), Latin angere (“to strangle, to choke”), Old High German engi (“narrow”). Derksen says the initial *v- is "unclear"; Vasmer attributes it to contamination with *verzti (“to tie, to squeeze”), while Chernykh sees contamination with *viti (“to twist”).


nyti

nytьje (noun-from-verb)
nyti (infinitive)
nytъ (supine)
nylъ (l-participle)
nytъ (participle passive past)
nyjemъ (participle passive present)
nyvъ (active participle past)
nyję (active participle present)
nyxъ (aorist first-person singular)
ny (aorist second-person singular)
ny (aorist singular third-person)
nyjǫ (first-person present singular)
nyješi (present second-person singular)
nyjetь (present singular third-person)
nyxově (aorist dual first-person)
nysta (aorist dual second-person)
nyste (aorist dual third-person)
nyjevě (dual first-person present)
nyjeta (dual present second-person)
nyjete (dual present third-person)
nyxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
nyste (aorist plural second-person)
nyšę (aorist plural third-person)
nyjemъ (first-person plural present)
nyjete (plural present second-person)
nyjǫtь (plural present third-person)
nyjaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
nyjaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
nyjaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
nyji (imperative second-person singular)
nyji (imperative singular third-person)
nyjaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
nyjaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
nyjaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
nyjivě (dual first-person imperative)
nyjita (dual imperative second-person)
nyjaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
nyjaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
nyjaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
nyjimъ (first-person imperative plural)
nyjite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: нꙑти (nyti)

Belarusian: ныць (nycʹ)

Russian: ныть (nytʹ)

Ukrainian: ни́ти (nýty)

South Slavic:

⇒ Old Church Slavonic: оунꙑти (unyti)

⇒ Bulgarian: унѝвам (unìvam)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: nýti

Czech: nýt

Kashubian: nyc, nëc

Polish: nyć (obsolete)

Slovak: nyť (poetic)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: nyć

* Derksen: From Proto-Balto-Slavic *nūˀ(d)-, cognate with Lithuanian panū́sti (“to yearn”). Derksen considers the most likely cognates outside of Balto-Slavic to be Old High German nôt (“need, force”), Old English nēod (“need”), English need, which may contain a Proto-Indo-European suffix *-ti- based off of a root *newH- (or *new-). Derksen assumes a relationship with *nùditi (“to compel, to force”) and *nùtiti (“to compel, to force”), which may have distinct root enlargements on top of the same underlying root.
* Vasmer, Trubačev (ESSJa), Chernykh: Cognate with Old East Slavic навь (navĭ), навье (navĭe, “dead man”), Lithuanian nõvyti (“to torment, to ruin, to afflict”), Latvian nâvêt (“to kill”), Latvian nâvîtiês (“to worry, to agonize”), Gothic 𐌽𐌰𐌿𐍃 (naus, “dead man, corpse”) (from Proto-Germanic *nawiz (“corpse”)), Old Irish núnа (“hunger”), from Proto-Indo-European *neh₂w-.

unyti

to lose heart, to be cast down, to be dejected or depressed


gnesti

gnestì (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
gnetenьje (noun-from-verb)
gnesti (infinitive)
gnestъ (supine)
gnetlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
gnetenъ (participle passive past)
gnetomъ (participle passive present)
gnetъ (active participle past)
gnety (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
gnetъ (aorist first-person singular)
gnetoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
gnete (aorist second-person singular)
gnete (aorist singular third-person)
gnetǫ (first-person present singular)
gneteši (present second-person singular)
gnetetь (present singular third-person)
gnetově (aorist dual first-person)
gnetoxově (aorist dual first-person)
gneteta (aorist dual second-person)
gnetosta (aorist dual second-person)
gnetete (aorist dual third-person)
gnetoste (aorist dual third-person)
gnetevě (dual first-person present)
gneteta (dual present second-person)
gnetete (dual present third-person)
gnetomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gnetoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gnetete (aorist plural second-person)
gnetoste (aorist plural second-person)
gnetǫ (aorist plural third-person)
gnetošę (aorist plural third-person)
gnetemъ (first-person plural present)
gnetete (plural present second-person)
gnetǫtь (plural present third-person)
gnetěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gnetěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gnetěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gneti (imperative second-person singular)
gneti (imperative singular third-person)
gnetěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gnetěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gnetěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gnetěvě (dual first-person imperative)
gnetěta (dual imperative second-person)
gnetěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gnetěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gnetěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gnetěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
gnetěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гнести (gnesti)

Belarusian: гне́сці (hnjésci)

Russian: гнести́ (gnestí)

Ukrainian: гнести́ (hnestý)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: гнести (gnesti)

Glagolitic script: ⰳⱀⰵⱄⱅⰻ (gnesti)

Bulgarian: гнетя̀ (gnetjà)

Macedonian: гнете (gnete)

Serbo-Croatian:

Serbo-Croatian: гњѐсти

Serbo-Croatian: gnjèsti

Slovene: gnésti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hňésti

Czech: hníst

Kashubian: gniesc

Polabian: gnest

Polish: gnieść

Slovak: hniesť

Slovincian: gnjêsc

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gnestei, from Proto-Indo-European *gnét-ti, from *gnet-. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *knudaną.


rъvati

rъvàti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
rъvanьje (noun-from-verb)
rъvati (infinitive)
rъvatъ (supine)
rъvalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
rъvanъ (participle passive past)
rъvomъ (participle passive present)
rъvavъ (active participle past)
rъvy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
rъvaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
rъva (aorist second-person singular)
rъva (aorist singular third-person)
rъvǫ (first-person present singular)
rъveši (present second-person singular)
rъvetь (present singular third-person)
rъvaxově (aorist dual first-person)
rъvasta (aorist dual second-person)
rъvaste (aorist dual third-person)
rъvevě (dual first-person present)
rъveta (dual present second-person)
rъvete (dual present third-person)
rъvaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
rъvaste (aorist plural second-person)
rъvašę (aorist plural third-person)
rъvemъ (first-person plural present)
rъvete (plural present second-person)
rъvǫtь (plural present third-person)
rъvaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
rъvaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
rъvaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
rъvi (imperative second-person singular)
rъvi (imperative singular third-person)
rъvaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
rъvaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
rъvaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
rъvěvě (dual first-person imperative)
rъvěta (dual imperative second-person)
rъvaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
rъvaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
rъvaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
rъvěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
rъvěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ръвати (rŭvati)

desc

Belarusian: рваць (rvacʹ), ірва́ць (irvácʹ)

Russian: рвать (rvatʹ)

Ukrainian: рва́ти (rváty), ірва́ти (irváty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: ръвати (rŭvati)

Bulgarian: ръва́ (rǎvá) (obsolete)

⇒ Bulgarian: ръ́фам (rǎ́fam)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: р̀вати, хр̀вати

Latin script: r̀vati, hr̀vati

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: rváti, ruváti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: rvát

Polish: rwać

Slovak: rvať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: rwać

Lower Sorbian: rwaś

Baltic cognates include Lithuanian ravė́ti (“to weed”), 1sg. raviù, Latvian ravêt (“to weed”), Lithuanian ráuti (“to tear out, to pull”), Latvian raût (“to tear, to pull, to take”). Further connections:
* Vasmer: Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit रवति (rávati, “to smash, to crush”), Latin ruere (“to rip, to dig”), rūtrum (“spade”), Ancient Greek ἐρυσίχθων (erusíkhthōn, “raking the ground”), Irish ruam (“spade”) < *roumā. (This root is normally reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European *Hrew-.)
* Derksen: From Proto-Indo-European *(H)ruH-. Indo-European cognates include Old Norse rýja (“to tear out wool”), Latin rūta caesa (“minerals already dug up, timber already felled, when an estate is sold”). Derksen seems unwilling to include Vasmer's cognates due to his assumption of a laryngeal in the root, required in his view to account for the acute tone of *rỳti.
Distantly related to English reave etc., from Proto-Germanic *reufaną, from a PIE root extension *Hrewp- of the above root, and with a further extension to Latin rumpō (“to burst”). Not related to English rift etc., from Proto-Germanic *rīfaną.


sъsati

sъsàti (canonical imperfective)
sъsanьje (noun-from-verb)
sъsati (infinitive)
sъsatъ (supine)
sъsalъ (l-participle)
sъsanъ (participle passive past)
sъsomъ (participle passive present)
sъsavъ (active participle past)
sъsy (active participle present)
sъsaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sъsa (aorist second-person singular)
sъsa (aorist singular third-person)
sъsǫ (first-person present singular)
sъseši (present second-person singular)
sъsetь (present singular third-person)
sъsaxově (aorist dual first-person)
sъsasta (aorist dual second-person)
sъsaste (aorist dual third-person)
sъsevě (dual first-person present)
sъseta (dual present second-person)
sъsete (dual present third-person)
sъsaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sъsaste (aorist plural second-person)
sъsašę (aorist plural third-person)
sъsemъ (first-person plural present)
sъsete (plural present second-person)
sъsǫtь (plural present third-person)
sъsaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sъsaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sъsaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sъsi (imperative second-person singular)
sъsi (imperative singular third-person)
sъsaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sъsaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sъsaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sъsěvě (dual first-person imperative)
sъsěta (dual imperative second-person)
sъsaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sъsaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sъsaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sъsěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
sъsěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: съса́ти (sŭsáti)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: сса́ти (ssáti)
Belarusian: ссаць (ssacʹ)
Carpathian Rusyn: сса́ти (ssáty); цуца́ти (cucáty), ціца́ти (cicáty)
Ukrainian: сса́ти (ssáty); сца́ти (scáty), сиса́ти (sysáty) (dialectal)

Russian: соса́ть (sosátʹ); сса́ть (ssátʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: съсати (sŭsati)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱏⱄⰰⱅⰻ (sŭsati)

desc

Bulgarian: си́сам (sísam) (archaic, dialectal)

Macedonian: цица (cica) (?)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: са̏ти, си̏сати

Latin script: sȁti, sȉsati

Slovene: sesáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: ssáti

Czech: sát

Kashubian: susac

Old Polish: ssać

Polish: ssać

Slovak: sať

* Derksen: From Proto-Balto-Slavic *suś- / *suk-, from Proto-Indo-European *sewḱ-. Cognate with Latvian sùkt, Latin sūcus (“juice”). Proto-Indo-European root variant *sewǵ- produces English suck (Proto-Germanic *sūkaną), Latin sūgō (“to suck”) (inf. sūgere).
* Chernykh: Derived from earlier *sъpsati, from Proto-Indo-European *sew(H)-, with extended variants *sewp-, *sewb-. Cognate with Gothic 𐍃𐌿𐍀𐍉𐌽 (supōn, “to spice, to season”), Old English sūpan (“to drink, to slurp”), English sup, Sanskrit सूप (sū́pa, “soup”).


tręsti

tręstì (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
tręsenьje (noun-from-verb)
tręsti (infinitive)
tręstъ (supine)
tręslъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
tręsenъ (participle passive past)
tręsomъ (participle passive present)
tręsъ (active participle past)
tręsy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
tręsъ (aorist first-person singular)
tręsoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
tręse (aorist second-person singular)
tręse (aorist singular third-person)
tręsǫ (first-person present singular)
tręseši (present second-person singular)
tręsetь (present singular third-person)
tręsově (aorist dual first-person)
tręsoxově (aorist dual first-person)
tręseta (aorist dual second-person)
tręsosta (aorist dual second-person)
tręsete (aorist dual third-person)
tręsoste (aorist dual third-person)
tręsevě (dual first-person present)
tręseta (dual present second-person)
tręsete (dual present third-person)
tręsomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tręsoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tręsete (aorist plural second-person)
tręsoste (aorist plural second-person)
tręsǫ (aorist plural third-person)
tręsošę (aorist plural third-person)
tręsemъ (first-person plural present)
tręsete (plural present second-person)
tręsǫtь (plural present third-person)
tręsěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tręsěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tręsěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
tręsi (imperative second-person singular)
tręsi (imperative singular third-person)
tręsěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tręsěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tręsěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tręsěvě (dual first-person imperative)
tręsěta (dual imperative second-person)
tręsěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tręsěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tręsěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tręsěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
tręsěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: трясти (trjasti)

Belarusian: трэ́сці (trésci)

Russian: трясти́ (trjastí)

Ukrainian: трясти́ (trjastý)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: трѧсти

Glagolitic: ⱅⱃⱔⱄⱅⰻ (tręsti)

Bulgarian: треса́ (tresá)

Macedonian: тресе (trese)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тре́сти

Latin script: trésti

Slovene: trẹ́sti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: trzisc

Old Czech: třiesti

Czech: třást

Old Polish: trząść

Polish: trząść

Slovak: triasť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: třasć

Lower Sorbian: tśěsć

Per Vasmer, Rix (LIV) and Chernykh, a contamination of Proto-Indo-European *trem- and *tres-:
* *trem- produces Lithuanian trìmti (“to shiver with cold”), 1sg. trimù, Lithuanian trémti (“to knock over”), 1sg. tremiù, Latin tremō (“to shiver”), inf. tremere, Ancient Greek τρέμω (trémō, “to shiver”), Tocharian A träm- (“to shiver”), Tocharian B tremem (“trepidation”), Albanian trëmp (“to get frightened”) (Tosk), trem (“to get frightened”) (Gheg), Old Saxon thrimman (“to jump”).
* *tres- produces Sanskrit त्रसति (trásati, “to shiver”), Avestan 𐬙𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬯𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (tər^əsaⁱti, “to tremble”), Ancient Greek τρέω (tréō, “to tremble”), aorist τρέσσαι (tréssai).


grěti

grě̀ti (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
grěnьje (noun-from-verb)
grěti (infinitive)
grětъ (supine)
grělъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
grěnъ (participle passive past)
grějemъ (participle passive present)
grěvъ (active participle past)
grěję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
grěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
grě (aorist second-person singular)
grě (aorist singular third-person)
grějǫ (first-person present singular)
grěješi (present second-person singular)
grějetь (present singular third-person)
grěxově (aorist dual first-person)
grěsta (aorist dual second-person)
grěste (aorist dual third-person)
grějevě (dual first-person present)
grějeta (dual present second-person)
grějete (dual present third-person)
grěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
grěste (aorist plural second-person)
grěšę (aorist plural third-person)
grějemъ (first-person plural present)
grějete (plural present second-person)
grějǫtь (plural present third-person)
grěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
grěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
grěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
grěji (imperative second-person singular)
grěji (imperative singular third-person)
grěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
grěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
grěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
grějivě (dual first-person imperative)
grějita (dual imperative second-person)
grěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
grěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
grěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
grějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
grějite (imperative plural second-person)
grějanьje (noun-from-verb)
grějati (infinitive)
grějatъ (supine)
grějalъ (l-participle)
grějanъ (participle passive past)
grějemъ (participle passive present)
grějavъ (active participle past)
grěję (active participle present)
grějaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
grěja (aorist second-person singular)
grěja (aorist singular third-person)
grějǫ (first-person present singular)
grěješi (present second-person singular)
grějetь (present singular third-person)
grějaxově (aorist dual first-person)
grějasta (aorist dual second-person)
grějaste (aorist dual third-person)
grějevě (dual first-person present)
grějeta (dual present second-person)
grějete (dual present third-person)
grějaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
grějaste (aorist plural second-person)
grějašę (aorist plural third-person)
grějemъ (first-person plural present)
grějete (plural present second-person)
grějǫtь (plural present third-person)
grějaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
grějaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
grějaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
grěji (imperative second-person singular)
grěji (imperative singular third-person)
grějaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
grějaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
grějaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
grějivě (dual first-person imperative)
grějita (dual imperative second-person)
grějaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
grějaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
grějaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
grějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
grějite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: грѣти (grěti); грѣꙗтисꙗ (grějatisja)

Belarusian: грэць (hrecʹ)

Russian: гре́ть (grétʹ)

Ukrainian: грі́ти (hríty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: грѣти (grěti)

Glagolitic script: ⰳⱃⱑⱅⰻ (grěti)

Bulgarian: гре́я (gréja)

Macedonian: грее (gree)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гре̏јати

Latin: grȅjati

Slovene: grẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hřieti

Czech: hřát

Polabian: grijot

Polish: grzać

Silesian: grzŏć

Slovak: hriať

Slovincian: grzoc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: hrěć

Lower Sorbian: grěś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *grḗˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰr-éh₁-ti, from *gʷʰer- (“to heat”) + *-éh₁ti (“stative suffix”). Cognate with Ancient Greek θερέω (theréō), Albanian ngroh.


dьržati

c (accent-paradigm)
dьržanьje (noun-from-verb)
dьržati (infinitive)
dьržatъ (supine)
dьržalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
dьržanъ (participle passive past)
dьržimъ (participle passive present)
dьržavъ (active participle past)
dьržę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
dьržaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dьrža (aorist second-person singular)
dьrža (aorist singular third-person)
dьržǫ (first-person present singular)
dьržiši (present second-person singular)
dьržitь (present singular third-person)
dьržaxově (aorist dual first-person)
dьržasta (aorist dual second-person)
dьržaste (aorist dual third-person)
dьrživě (dual first-person present)
dьržita (dual present second-person)
dьržite (dual present third-person)
dьržaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dьržaste (aorist plural second-person)
dьržašę (aorist plural third-person)
dьržimъ (first-person plural present)
dьržite (plural present second-person)
dьržętь (plural present third-person)
dьržaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dьržaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dьržaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dьrži (imperative second-person singular)
dьrži (imperative singular third-person)
dьržaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dьržaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dьržaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dьrživě (dual first-person imperative)
dьržita (dual imperative second-person)
dьržaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dьržaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dьržaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dьržimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dьržite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: дьржати (dĭržati), держати (deržati)
Old Ruthenian: держати (deržati)
Belarusian: дзіржа́ць (dziržácʹ) (dialectal)
Carpathian Rusyn: держа́ти (deržáty)
Ukrainian: держа́ти (deržáty)
Russian: держа́ть (deržátʹ)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: дрьжати (drĭžati), дръжати (drŭžati)

→ Old East Slavic: дрьжати (drĭžati), дръжати (drŭžati)

Bulgarian: държа́ (dǎržá)

Macedonian: држи (drži)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: др̀жати

Latin script: dr̀žati

Slovene: dŕžati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: držet

Old Polish: dzierżeć

Polish: dzierżyć (archaic)

Slovak: držať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: dźeržeć

Lower Sorbian: źaržaś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dirg-/*dеrg-.
* Per Derksen and Vasmer, from earlier *dьrg-ěti, from extension of Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- or *der-.
** Cognate with Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬀𐬲𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬉 (dražaitē, “to hold”), inf. 𐬛𐬭𐬁𐬘𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬈 (drājaŋhe). Further cognates are either:
*** *dʰer-: Lithuanian derė́ti, Sanskrit धारयति (dhāráyati, “to hold”), Latin firmus, Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎫𐎡𐎹 (d-a-r-y-t-i-y /dārayatiy/)
*** *der-: Ancient Greek δράσσομαι (drássomai), Attic δράττομαι (dráttomai, “to seize, to grab”), which is (per Vasmer) cognate with Proto-Slavic *dьrgati (“to pull”), from [extension of] Proto-Indo-European *der- (> *dьrati (“to tear”)).
* Trubachev discusses the above etymology but discounts it in favor of reconstructing earlier *dьrz-jati, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ-. But usually suffix -ja- is found in verbs derived from -i- + *-ati. Conjugation -ja/i- or -ja/j-? is unusual (unless it was influenced by -ě/i-).
** Cognate with Lithuanian dir̃žti (“to harden, to become tough”), 1sg. diržù, Sanskrit दृह्यति (dṛ́hyati, “to be strong”), Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (dar^əzaiieⁱti, “to link, to tie”), Old Latin forctis (“strong”) (Latin fortis).

cog

𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌


velěti

velě̀ti (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
velěnьje (noun-from-verb)
velěti (infinitive)
velětъ (supine)
velělъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
velěnъ (participle passive past)
velimъ (participle passive present)
velěvъ (active participle past)
velę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
velěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
velě (aorist second-person singular)
velě (aorist singular third-person)
veľǫ (first-person present singular)
veliši (present second-person singular)
velitь (present singular third-person)
velěxově (aorist dual first-person)
velěsta (aorist dual second-person)
velěste (aorist dual third-person)
velivě (dual first-person present)
velita (dual present second-person)
velite (dual present third-person)
velěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
velěste (aorist plural second-person)
velěšę (aorist plural third-person)
velimъ (first-person plural present)
velite (plural present second-person)
velętь (plural present third-person)
velěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
velěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
velěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
veli (imperative second-person singular)
veli (imperative singular third-person)
velěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
velěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
velěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
velivě (dual first-person imperative)
velita (dual imperative second-person)
velěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
velěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
velěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
velimъ (first-person imperative plural)
velite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: велѣти (velěti)

Old Ruthenian: велѣти (velěti)

Ukrainian: велі́ти (velíty)

Russian: веле́ть (velétʹ), 1sg. велю́ (veljú), 3sg. вели́т (velít)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: велѣти (velěti), 1sg. велѭ (veljǫ)

Glagolitic script: [Term?]

desc

Bulgarian: ве́ля (vélja), ве́лям (véljam) (dialectal)

⇒ Bulgarian: повеля̀вам (poveljàvam)

Macedonian: вели (veli)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: 1sg. вѐлӣм (“I say”)

Latin: 1sg. vèlīm (“I say”)

Slovene: velẹ́ti (tonal orthography), 1sg. velím (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: veleti

Czech: velet

Old Polish: wielić (“to command”)

Slovak: veliť

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wel- / *welˀ-, from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁-. Cognate with Old Lithuanian velti (“to allow”), 1sg. velmi, Latin volō (“to want”), inf. velle, Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wiljan, “to want”), English will, Sanskrit वृणाति (vṛṇā́ti, “to choose, to prefer”), Avestan 𐬬𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬙𐬉 (vər^əntē, “to choose, to prefer”), Welsh gwell (“better”), Ancient Greek ἔλδομαι (éldomai, “to wish”).