struga

struga (nominative singular)
strudzě (dual nominative)
strugy (nominative plural)
strugy (genitive singular)
strugu (dual genitive)
strugъ (genitive plural)
strudzě (dative singular)
strugama (dative dual)
strugamъ (dative plural)
strugǫ (accusative singular)
strudzě (accusative dual)
strugy (accusative plural)
strugojǫ (instrumental singular)
strugǫ (instrumental singular)
strugama (dual instrumental)
strugami (instrumental plural)
strudzě (locative singular)
strugu (dual locative)
strugasъ (locative plural)
strugaxъ (locative plural)
strugo (singular vocative)
strudzě (dual vocative)
strugy (plural vocative)

East Slavic: струга (struga)

Russian: стру́га (strúga)

Ukrainian: стру́га (strúha)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: струга (struga)

Glagolitic: ⱄⱅⱃⱆⰳⰰ (struga)

Serbo-Croatian: strȕga

Slovene: strúga

West Slavic:

Old Czech: strúha

Czech: strouha

Bohemian (Chod dialect): strouha

Polish: struga

Slovak: struha

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: truha

Lower Sorbian: tšuga

From *strujiti (“to stream, to spout”) + *-ga, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *srew-. Cognate with Latvian straũga, struga, strūga, strũgla.


strumy

strumy (nominative singular)
strumeni (dual nominative)
strumene (nominative plural)
strumene (genitive singular)
strumenu (dual genitive)
strumenъ (genitive plural)
strumeni (dative singular)
strumenьma (dative dual)
strumenьmъ (dative plural)
strumenь (accusative singular)
strumeni (accusative dual)
strumeni (accusative plural)
strumenьmь (instrumental singular)
strumenьma (dual instrumental)
strumenьmi (instrumental plural)
strumene (locative singular)
strumenu (dual locative)
strumenьxъ (locative plural)
strumy (singular vocative)
strumeni (dual vocative)
strumene (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: стру́мень (strúmjenʹ)

desc

Russian: стру́мень (strúmenʹ) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: стру́мінь (strúminʹ)

South Slavic:

Slovene: strúmen

West Slavic:

Old Czech: strumeň

Czech: strumen

Polabian: sträumen

Kashubian: strëmiéń

Old Polish: strumień

Polish: strumień

Slovak: strumeň (dated)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: trumjeń

Lower Sorbian: tšumjeń

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sraumen, from Proto-Indo-European *srow-men-, from *srew-.
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian dialectal straumuo, sriaumė, Latvian stràume.
Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek ῥεῦμα (rheûma), Thracian Στρυμών (Strymón), Old Irish srúaim, Proto-Germanic *straumaz (“stream, current, river”).
Related to Sanskrit स्रवति (sravati), Ancient Greek ῥέω (rhéō, “I flow, stream”), and Lithuanian sravė́ti.


-oda

-oda (nominative singular)
-odě (dual nominative)
-ody (nominative plural)
-ody (genitive singular)
-odu (dual genitive)
-odъ (genitive plural)
-odě (dative singular)
-odama (dative dual)
-odamъ (dative plural)
-odǫ (accusative singular)
-odě (accusative dual)
-ody (accusative plural)
-odojǫ (instrumental singular)
-odǫ (instrumental singular)
-odama (dual instrumental)
-odami (instrumental plural)
-odě (locative singular)
-odu (dual locative)
-odasъ (locative plural)
-odaxъ (locative plural)
-odo (singular vocative)
-odě (dual vocative)
-ody (plural vocative)

Perhaps continuing Proto-Balto-Slavic *-adāˀ. Rare suffix with unclear functions. Possibly related with Ancient Greek -άδος (-ádos) in genitive case of feminine nouns, see Παλλάς (Pallás), δορκᾰ́ς (dorkás).

aga (“berry”) → *àgoda (“berry”)

albʰós (“white”) → *olboda (“goosefoot”)

svobъ (“one's own”) → *svobodà (“freedom”)

laga (“something arranged”) → *lagoda (“carelessness, pleasure”)


o(b)strovъ

ȍoststrovъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
ȍstrovъ (nominative singular)
ȍbstrovъ (nominative singular)
ȍstrova (dual nominative)
ȍbstrova (dual nominative)
ȍstrovi (nominative plural)
ȍbstrovi (nominative plural)
ȍstrova (genitive singular)
ȍbstrova (genitive singular)
ostrovù (dual genitive)
obstrovù (dual genitive)
ostròvъ (genitive plural)
obstròvъ (genitive plural)
ȍstrovu (dative singular)
ȍbstrovu (dative singular)
ostrovomà (dative dual)
obstrovomà (dative dual)
ostrovòmъ (dative plural)
obstrovòmъ (dative plural)
ȍstrovъ (accusative singular)
ȍbstrovъ (accusative singular)
ȍstrova (accusative dual)
ȍbstrova (accusative dual)
ȍstrovy (accusative plural)
ȍbstrovy (accusative plural)
ȍstrovъmь (instrumental singular)
ȍbstrovъmь (instrumental singular)
ȍstrovomь (instrumental singular)
ȍbstrovomь (instrumental singular)
ostrovomà (dual instrumental)
obstrovomà (dual instrumental)
ostrový (instrumental plural)
obstrový (instrumental plural)
ȍstrově (locative singular)
ȍbstrově (locative singular)
ostrovù (dual locative)
obstrovù (dual locative)
ostrově̃xъ (locative plural)
obstrově̃xъ (locative plural)
ostrove (singular vocative)
obstrove (singular vocative)
ȍstrova (dual vocative)
ȍbstrova (dual vocative)
ȍstrovi (plural vocative)
ȍbstrovi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: островъ (ostrovŭ)

Belarusian: во́страў (vóstraŭ)

Russian: о́стров (óstrov)

Ukrainian: о́стрів (óstriv)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: островъ (ostrovŭ)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: о́стров (óstrov)

Macedonian: остров (ostrov)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̏стрво

Latin script: ȍstrvo

Slovene: ostròv

West Slavic:

Old Czech: ostrov

Czech: ostrov

Kashubian: òstrów

Polabian: Våstrüv

Old Polish: ostrów

desctree

Polish: ostrów, Ostrów, Ostrówek
→ Low Prussian: Ostrow

Old Slovak: ostrov

Slovak: ostrov

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wotrow

Lower Sorbian: wótšow

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: ostrov

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ab-srawas, *sráwas. Morphologically from Proto-Slavic *o(b) + *strovъ, from Proto-Indo-European *srówos, from *srew- (“to flow, stream”). The literal meaning of the term is “one which gets flowed around” or possibly “flowless” (in case the prefix *o(b)*ob- is applied with abessive function).
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian sravà, prasrava, Latvian strava. With another vocalism: Lithuanian srovė̃, strovė̃, Latvian stràvа, strāvе, East Lithuanian sraujà.
Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit गिरिस्रवा (girisravā), स्रवति (sravati), Ancient Greek ῥόος (rhóos, “stream”), ῥοή (rhoḗ), ῥέω (rhéō), Old Norse straumr (“stream, current, river”).

o(b)strovitъ

island-like; pertaining to islands, full of islands


o(b)strovъ

ostrovъ (canonical)
ostrovъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
obstrovъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
ostrova (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
obstrova (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
ostrovo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
obstrovo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
ostrova (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
obstrova (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
ostrovy (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
obstrovy (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
ostrova (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
obstrova (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
ostrovu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
obstrovu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
ostrově (dative feminine indefinite singular)
obstrově (dative feminine indefinite singular)
ostrovu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
obstrovu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
ostrovъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
obstrovъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
ostrovǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
obstrovǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
ostrovo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
obstrovo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
ostrovomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
obstrovomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
ostrovojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
obstrovojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
ostrovomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
obstrovomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
ostrově (indefinite locative masculine singular)
obstrově (indefinite locative masculine singular)
ostrově (feminine indefinite locative singular)
obstrově (feminine indefinite locative singular)
ostrově (indefinite locative neuter singular)
obstrově (indefinite locative neuter singular)
ostrove (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
obstrove (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
ostrovo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
obstrovo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
ostrovo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
obstrovo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
ostrova (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
obstrova (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
ostrově (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
obstrově (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
ostrově (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
obstrově (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
ostrovu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
obstrovu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
ostrovu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
obstrovu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
ostrovu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
obstrovu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
ostrovoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
obstrovoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
ostrovama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
obstrovama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
ostrovoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
obstrovoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
ostrova (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
obstrova (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
ostrově (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
obstrově (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
ostrově (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
obstrově (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
ostrovoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
obstrovoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
ostrovama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
obstrovama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
ostrovoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
obstrovoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
ostrovu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
obstrovu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
ostrovu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
obstrovu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
ostrovu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
obstrovu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
ostrova (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
obstrova (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
ostrově (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
obstrově (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
ostrově (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
obstrově (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
ostrovi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
obstrovi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
ostrovy (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
obstrovy (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
ostrova (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
obstrova (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
ostrovъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
obstrovъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
ostrovъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
obstrovъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
ostrovъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
obstrovъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
ostrovomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
obstrovomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
ostrovamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
obstrovamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
ostrovomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
obstrovomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
ostrovy (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
obstrovy (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
ostrovy (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
obstrovy (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
ostrova (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
obstrova (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
ostrovy (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
obstrovy (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
ostrovami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
obstrovami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
ostrovy (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
obstrovy (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
ostrověxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
obstrověxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
ostrovaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
obstrovaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
ostrověxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
obstrověxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
ostrovi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
obstrovi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
ostrovy (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
obstrovy (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
ostrova (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
obstrova (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
ostrovъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
obstrovъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
ostrovaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
obstrovaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
ostrovoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
obstrovoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
ostrovajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
obstrovajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
ostrovyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
obstrovyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
ostrovajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
obstrovajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
ostrovujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
obstrovujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
ostrověji (dative definite feminine singular)
obstrověji (dative definite feminine singular)
ostrovujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
obstrovujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
ostrovъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
obstrovъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
ostrovǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
obstrovǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
ostrovoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
obstrovoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
ostrovyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
obstrovyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
ostrovǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
obstrovǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
ostrovyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
obstrovyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
ostrovějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
obstrovějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
ostrověji (definite feminine locative singular)
obstrověji (definite feminine locative singular)
ostrovějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
obstrovějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
ostrovъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
obstrovъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
ostrovaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
obstrovaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
ostrovoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
obstrovoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
ostrovaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
obstrovaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
ostrověji (definite dual feminine nominative)
obstrověji (definite dual feminine nominative)
ostrověji (definite dual neuter nominative)
obstrověji (definite dual neuter nominative)
ostrovuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
obstrovuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
ostrovuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
obstrovuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
ostrovuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
obstrovuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
ostrovyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
obstrovyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
ostrovyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
obstrovyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
ostrovyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
obstrovyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
ostrovaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
obstrovaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
ostrověji (accusative definite dual feminine)
obstrověji (accusative definite dual feminine)
ostrověji (accusative definite dual neuter)
obstrověji (accusative definite dual neuter)
ostrovyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
obstrovyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
ostrovyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
obstrovyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
ostrovyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
obstrovyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
ostrovuju (definite dual locative masculine)
obstrovuju (definite dual locative masculine)
ostrovuju (definite dual feminine locative)
obstrovuju (definite dual feminine locative)
ostrovuju (definite dual locative neuter)
obstrovuju (definite dual locative neuter)
ostrovaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
obstrovaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
ostrověji (definite dual feminine vocative)
obstrověji (definite dual feminine vocative)
ostrověji (definite dual neuter vocative)
obstrověji (definite dual neuter vocative)
ostroviji (definite masculine nominative plural)
obstroviji (definite masculine nominative plural)
ostrovyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
obstrovyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
ostrovaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
obstrovaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
ostrovъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
obstrovъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
ostrovъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
obstrovъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
ostrovъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
obstrovъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
ostrovyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
obstrovyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
ostrovyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
obstrovyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
ostrovyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
obstrovyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
ostrovyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
obstrovyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
ostrovyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
obstrovyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
ostrovaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
obstrovaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
ostrovyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
obstrovyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
ostrovyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
obstrovyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
ostrovyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
obstrovyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
ostrovyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
obstrovyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
ostrovyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
obstrovyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
ostrovyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
obstrovyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
ostroviji (definite masculine plural vocative)
obstroviji (definite masculine plural vocative)
ostrovyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
obstrovyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
ostrovaja (definite neuter plural vocative)
obstrovaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *o(b)strovъ (hard)

Definite declension of *o(b)strovъ (hard)

East Slavic:

Russian: Острово́й (Ostrovój)

West Slavic:

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wótšowy


vabiti

vabľenьje (noun-from-verb)
vabiti (infinitive)
vabitъ (supine)
vabilъ (l-participle)
vabľenъ (participle passive past)
vabimъ (participle passive present)
vabľь (active participle past)
vabę (active participle present)
vabixъ (aorist first-person singular)
vabi (aorist second-person singular)
vabi (aorist singular third-person)
vabľǫ (first-person present singular)
vabiši (present second-person singular)
vabitь (present singular third-person)
vabixově (aorist dual first-person)
vabista (aorist dual second-person)
vabiste (aorist dual third-person)
vabivě (dual first-person present)
vabita (dual present second-person)
vabite (dual present third-person)
vabixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vabiste (aorist plural second-person)
vabišę (aorist plural third-person)
vabimъ (first-person plural present)
vabite (plural present second-person)
vabętь (plural present third-person)
vabľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vabľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vabľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vabi (imperative second-person singular)
vabi (imperative singular third-person)
vabľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vabľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vabľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vabivě (dual first-person imperative)
vabita (dual imperative second-person)
vabľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vabľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vabľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vabimъ (first-person imperative plural)
vabite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вабити (vabiti)

Old Ruthenian: вабити (vabiti)

Ukrainian: ва́бити (vábyty)

Russian: ва́бить (vábitʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: вабити (vabiti)

Glagolitic: ⰲⰰⰱⰹⱅⰹ (vabiti)

Bulgarian: ва́бя (vábja) (dialectal)

Macedonian: ваби (vabi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ва́бити

Latin script: vábiti

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: vabīti, vábiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vábiti

Czech: vábit

Old Polish: wabić

Polish: wabić

Slovak: vábiť

Slovincian: wabjic

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wabić

Lower Sorbian: wabiś

Derksen:
* From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wōˀb-, from Proto-Indo-European *wōb-.
* From Proto-Indo-European *weh₂b- or *weh₃b-.
Indo-European cognates include Proto-Germanic *wōpijaną (“to cry out, to lament”).


sǫ-

East Slavic:

Belarusian: су- (su-)

Russian: су- (su-), со- (so-)

Ukrainian: су- (su-)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сѫ- (sǫ-), сън- (sŭn-) (decomposed nasalism, Ohrid Apostolarum) as in сънграждане (sŭngraždane, “fellow citizens”)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱘ- (sǫ-)

Bulgarian: съ- (sǎ-)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: су-

Latin script: su-

Slovene: so-

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sú-

Czech: sou-

Kashubian: są-

Polish: są-

Slovak: sú-

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: su-

Lower Sorbian: su-

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sam-, from Proto-Indo-European *som (Derksen) or *sem- (“together, one”).
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian sam-, Latvian so-, Old Prussian sen-.
Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit सम् (sam, “together, at the same time”), Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬨- (ham-), 𐬵𐬀- (ha-), Old Persian [Term?] (/ham-/), Ancient Greek ὁμοῦ (homoû, “together”), ἅμα (háma, “together with”), ἁ- (ha-), Latin semel (“once, a single time”).


krǫgъ

krǫ̑gъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
krǫ̑gъ (nominative singular)
krǫ̑ga (dual nominative)
krǫ̑dzi (nominative plural)
krǫ̑ga (genitive singular)
krǫgù (dual genitive)
krǫ̃gъ (genitive plural)
krǫ̑gu (dative singular)
krǫgomà (dative dual)
krǫgòmъ (dative plural)
krǫ̑gъ (accusative singular)
krǫ̑ga (accusative dual)
krǫ̑gy (accusative plural)
krǫ̑gъmь (instrumental singular)
krǫ̑gomь (instrumental singular)
krǫgomà (dual instrumental)
krǫgý (instrumental plural)
krǫ̑dzě (locative singular)
krǫgù (dual locative)
krǫdzě̃xъ (locative plural)
krǫže (singular vocative)
krǫ̑ga (dual vocative)
krǫ̑dzi (plural vocative)

East Slavic: кругъ (krugŭ)

Belarusian: круг (kruh)

Russian: круг (krug)

→ Romanian: crug

Ukrainian: круг (kruh)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: крѫгъ (krǫgŭ)

Glagolitic: ⰽⱃⱘⰳⱏ (krǫgŭ)

Bulgarian: кръг (krǎg), крънк (krǎnk) (dialectal)

Macedonian: круг (krug)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кру̑г

Latin script: krȗg

Slovene: krọ̑g (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kruh

Czech: kruh

Old Polish: krąg

Polish: krąg, kręg

Slovak: kruh

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kruh

→ Romanian: crâng

From Proto-Indo-European *krongʰ-o-, an extension of the root *(s)ker- (“to turn”) (Derksen) or *kreng- (ЭССЯ). Equivalent to *krъnъ (“tiny, chopped”) + *-gъ.
Indo-European cognates include Proto-Germanic *hringaz (“ring, circle; curve”), Umbrian krenkatrum, cringatro.

kręčь

палка, жердь для скручивания, поворачивания


cěva

cě̄và (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
cě̄và (nominative singular)
cě̃vě (dual nominative)
cě̄vỳ (nominative plural)
cě̄vỳ (genitive singular)
cě̄vù (dual genitive)
cě̃vъ (genitive plural)
cě̄vě̀ (dative singular)
cě̄vàma (dative dual)
cě̄vàmъ (dative plural)
cě̄vǫ̀ (accusative singular)
cě̃vě (accusative dual)
cě̄vỳ (accusative plural)
cě̄vòjǫ (instrumental singular)
cě̃vǫ (instrumental singular)
cě̄vàma (dual instrumental)
cě̄vàmī (instrumental plural)
cě̄vě̀ (locative singular)
cě̄vù (dual locative)
cě̄vàsъ (locative plural)
cě̄vàxъ (locative plural)
cěvo (singular vocative)
cě̃vě (dual vocative)
cě̄vỳ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: dial. че́ва (čéva)

Ukrainian: ці́ва (cíva)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: цѣва́ (cěvá), dial. ца́ва (cáva), це́ва (céva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: цива

Latin script: civa

West Slavic:

Old Czech: cěva

Czech: céva

Polish: cewa

Slovak: cieva

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: cywa

Lower Sorbian: cewa, cowa

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kai-w-aʔ, *śai-w-aʔ, from Proto-Indo-European *koy-w- (Derksen) or *(s)koywā, from *skey- (ЭССЯ).
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian šaivà (“spool”), šeivà (“spool, forearm, shin(-bone)”), Latvian saĩva, saĩve (“bobbin”). Further cognates include Sanskrit अष्ठीवत् (aṣṭhīvat, “shin”) and Proto-Germanic *skinō (“plate, rim”). Cf. also Estonian kääv (“spool”).


Jьzęslavъ

Jьzęslàvъ (canonical masculine)
Jьzęslàva (feminine)
Jьzęslavъ (nominative singular)
Jьzęslava (dual nominative)
Jьzęslavi (nominative plural)
Jьzęslava (genitive singular)
Jьzęslavu (dual genitive)
Jьzęslavъ (genitive plural)
Jьzęslavu (dative singular)
Jьzęslavomъ (dative plural)
Jьzęslavъ (accusative singular)
Jьzęslava (accusative dual)
Jьzęslavy (accusative plural)
Jьzęslavy (instrumental plural)
Jьzęslavě (locative singular)
Jьzęslavu (dual locative)
Jьzęslavěxъ (locative plural)
Jьzęslave (singular vocative)
Jьzęslava (dual vocative)
Jьzęslavi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: Изѧсла́въ

Belarusian: Ізясла́ў (Izjasláŭ) (obsolete)

Ukrainian: Ізясла́в (Izjasláv) (obsolete)

Russian: Изясла́в (Izjasláv) (obsolete)

West Slavic:

Polish: Izjasław, Izasław

From *jьzęti (“to take”) + *slàva (“glory, fame”).


kъmenь

kъmenь (nominative singular)
kъmeni (dual nominative)
kъmenьje (nominative plural)
kъmeňe (nominative plural)
kъmeni (genitive singular)
kъmenьju (dual genitive)
kъmeňu (dual genitive)
kъmenьjь (genitive plural)
kъmeni (genitive plural)
kъmeni (dative singular)
kъmenьma (dative dual)
kъmenьmъ (dative plural)
kъmenь (accusative singular)
kъmeni (accusative dual)
kъmeni (accusative plural)
kъmenьmь (instrumental singular)
kъmenьma (dual instrumental)
kъmenьmi (instrumental plural)
kъmeni (locative singular)
kъmenьju (dual locative)
kъmeňu (dual locative)
kъmenьxъ (locative plural)
kъmeni (singular vocative)
kъmeni (dual vocative)
kъmenьje (plural vocative)
kъmeňe (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: кима́к (kymák), dial. кыма́к (kymák), кіма́к (kimák)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kmen

Czech: kmen

Slovak: kmeň

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: kḿeń

The most plausible is division kŭ-men-, where -men- is a suffix. According to Machek, it is related to Ancient Greek κῦμα (kûma) < *ku-mn̥t- meaning "germ".


strojiti

b (accent-paradigm)
strojenьje (noun-from-verb)
strojiti (infinitive)
strojitъ (supine)
strojilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
strojenъ (participle passive past)
strojimъ (participle passive present)
strojь (active participle past)
stroję (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
strojixъ (aorist first-person singular)
stroji (aorist second-person singular)
stroji (aorist singular third-person)
strojǫ (first-person present singular)
strojiši (present second-person singular)
strojitь (present singular third-person)
strojixově (aorist dual first-person)
strojista (aorist dual second-person)
strojiste (aorist dual third-person)
strojivě (dual first-person present)
strojita (dual present second-person)
strojite (dual present third-person)
strojixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
strojiste (aorist plural second-person)
strojišę (aorist plural third-person)
strojimъ (first-person plural present)
strojite (plural present second-person)
strojętь (plural present third-person)
strojaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
strojaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
strojaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
stroji (imperative second-person singular)
stroji (imperative singular third-person)
strojaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
strojaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
strojaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
strojivě (dual first-person imperative)
strojita (dual imperative second-person)
strojaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
strojaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
strojaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
strojimъ (first-person imperative plural)
strojite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: строити (stroiti)

Old Ruthenian: стро́ити (stróiti)

Belarusian: стро́іць (stróicʹ)

Ukrainian: стро́їти (strójity)

desc

Russian: стро́ить (stróitʹ), стро́иться (stróitʹsja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱅⱃⱁⰻⱅⰻ (stroiti)

Old Cyrillic script: строити (stroiti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: стројити

Latin script: strojiti

Slovene: strojīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: strojiti

Czech: strojit

Kashubian: strojic

Polish: stroić

Slovak: strojiť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: strojić

Lower Sorbian: tšojś

From *strojь + *-iti, apparently from Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃- (“to spread, stretch out”).


polьdza

polьdza (nominative singular)
polьdzi (dual nominative)
polьdzę̇ (nominative plural)
polьdzę̇ (genitive singular)
polьdzu (dual genitive)
polьdzь (genitive plural)
polьdzi (dative singular)
polьdzama (dative dual)
polьdzamъ (dative plural)
polьdzǫ (accusative singular)
polьdzi (accusative dual)
polьdzę̇ (accusative plural)
polьdzejǫ (instrumental singular)
polьdzǫ (instrumental singular)
polьdzama (dual instrumental)
polьdzami (instrumental plural)
polьdzi (locative singular)
polьdzu (dual locative)
polьdzasъ (locative plural)
polьdzaxъ (locative plural)
polьdze (singular vocative)
polьdzi (dual vocative)
polьdzę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic: польга (polĭga)

Russian: dial. по́льга (pólʹga)

Ukrainian: пільга (pilʹha)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: польѕа (polĭdza), польза (polĭza)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: по́лза (pólza)

Macedonian: полза (polza)

West Slavic:

Polabian: pü᾽ölga


o(b)rǫžьje

orǫžьje (canonical neuter)
orǫžьje (nominative singular)
obrǫžьje (nominative singular)
orǫžьji (dual nominative)
obrǫžьji (dual nominative)
orǫžьja (nominative plural)
obrǫžьja (nominative plural)
orǫžьja (genitive singular)
obrǫžьja (genitive singular)
orǫžьju (dual genitive)
obrǫžьju (dual genitive)
orǫžьjь (genitive plural)
obrǫžьjь (genitive plural)
orǫžьju (dative singular)
obrǫžьju (dative singular)
orǫžьjema (dative dual)
obrǫžьjema (dative dual)
orǫžьjemъ (dative plural)
obrǫžьjemъ (dative plural)
orǫžьje (accusative singular)
obrǫžьje (accusative singular)
orǫžьji (accusative dual)
obrǫžьji (accusative dual)
orǫžьja (accusative plural)
obrǫžьja (accusative plural)
orǫžьjьmь (instrumental singular)
obrǫžьjьmь (instrumental singular)
orǫžьjemь (instrumental singular)
obrǫžьjemь (instrumental singular)
orǫžьjema (dual instrumental)
obrǫžьjema (dual instrumental)
orǫžьji (instrumental plural)
obrǫžьji (instrumental plural)
orǫžьji (locative singular)
obrǫžьji (locative singular)
orǫžьju (dual locative)
obrǫžьju (dual locative)
orǫžьjixъ (locative plural)
obrǫžьjixъ (locative plural)
orǫžьje (singular vocative)
obrǫžьje (singular vocative)
orǫžьji (dual vocative)
obrǫžьji (dual vocative)
orǫžьja (plural vocative)
obrǫžьja (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: орѫжие (orǫžie)

desc

Old Ruthenian: оружьє (oružʹje), оружїє (oružije)

Belarusian: ружжо́ (ružžó), аружжа (aružža), ару́жыя (arúžyja)

Ukrainian: ору́жжя (orúžžja)

Russian: ружьё (ružʹjó), оружие (oružije), dial. оружьё (oružʹjó), ору́жье (orúžʹje)

Taimyr Pidgin Russian: урусé (urusé)

→ Slovak: oružie

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: орѫжиѥ (orǫžije)

Bulgarian: оръ́жие (orǎ́žie)

Macedonian: о́ружје (óružje)

Serbo-Croatian: о̀рӯжје, òrūžje, оружђе, oružđe

Slovene: orožje

West Slavic:

Old Czech: oružie

Czech: oruží

Polish: oręże, horęże

Slovak: oružie

From *orǫga / *orǫžь + *-ьje (“collective suffix”).


orzuditi

orzuďenьje (noun-from-verb)
orzuditi (infinitive)
orzuditъ (supine)
orzudilъ (l-participle)
orzuďenъ (participle passive past)
orzudimъ (participle passive present)
orzuďь (active participle past)
orzudę (active participle present)
orzudixъ (aorist first-person singular)
orzudi (aorist second-person singular)
orzudi (aorist singular third-person)
orzuďǫ (first-person present singular)
orzudiši (present second-person singular)
orzuditь (present singular third-person)
orzudixově (aorist dual first-person)
orzudista (aorist dual second-person)
orzudiste (aorist dual third-person)
orzudivě (dual first-person present)
orzudita (dual present second-person)
orzudite (dual present third-person)
orzudixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
orzudiste (aorist plural second-person)
orzudišę (aorist plural third-person)
orzudimъ (first-person plural present)
orzudite (plural present second-person)
orzudętь (plural present third-person)
orzuďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
orzuďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
orzuďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
orzudi (imperative second-person singular)
orzudi (imperative singular third-person)
orzuďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
orzuďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
orzuďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
orzudivě (dual first-person imperative)
orzudita (dual imperative second-person)
orzuďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
orzuďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
orzuďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
orzudimъ (first-person imperative plural)
orzudite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: разудити, dial. разудит

Latin: razuditi, dial. razudit

Slovene: razuditi (obsolete)

From *orz- + *uditi, from *udo (“piece of meat”), *udъ (“part”).


sęťь

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *sęťь (soft)

Definite declension of *sęťь (soft)

sęťь (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
sęťa (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
sęťe (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
sęťa (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
sęťę̇ (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
sęťa (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
sęťu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
sęťi (dative feminine indefinite singular)
sęťu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
sęťь (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
sęťǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
sęťe (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
sęťemь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
sęťejǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
sęťemь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
sęťi (indefinite locative masculine singular)
sęťi (feminine indefinite locative singular)
sęťi (indefinite locative neuter singular)
sęťu (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
sęťe (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
sęťe (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
sęťa (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
sęťi (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
sęťi (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
sęťu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
sęťu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
sęťu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
sęťema (dative dual indefinite masculine)
sęťama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
sęťema (dative dual indefinite neuter)
sęťa (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
sęťi (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
sęťi (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
sęťema (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
sęťama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
sęťema (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
sęťu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
sęťu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
sęťu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
sęťa (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
sęťi (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
sęťi (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
sęťi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
sęťę̇ (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
sęťa (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
sęťь (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
sęťь (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
sęťь (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
sęťemъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
sęťamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
sęťemъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
sęťę̇ (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
sęťę̇ (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
sęťa (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
sęťi (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
sęťami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
sęťi (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
sęťixъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
sęťaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
sęťixъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
sęťi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
sęťę̇ (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
sęťa (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
sęťьjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
sęťaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
sęťeje (definite neuter nominative singular)
sęťajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
sęťę̇ję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
sęťajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
sęťujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
sęťiji (dative definite feminine singular)
sęťujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
sęťьjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
sęťǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
sęťeje (accusative definite neuter singular)
sęťijimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
sęťǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
sęťijimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
sęťijemь (definite locative masculine singular)
sęťiji (definite feminine locative singular)
sęťijemь (definite locative neuter singular)
sęťьjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
sęťaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
sęťeje (definite neuter singular vocative)
sęťaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
sęťiji (definite dual feminine nominative)
sęťiji (definite dual neuter nominative)
sęťuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
sęťuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
sęťuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
sęťijima (dative definite dual masculine)
sęťijima (dative definite dual feminine)
sęťijima (dative definite dual neuter)
sęťaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
sęťiji (accusative definite dual feminine)
sęťiji (accusative definite dual neuter)
sęťijima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
sęťijima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
sęťijima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
sęťuju (definite dual locative masculine)
sęťuju (definite dual feminine locative)
sęťuju (definite dual locative neuter)
sęťaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
sęťiji (definite dual feminine vocative)
sęťiji (definite dual neuter vocative)
sęťiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
sęťę̇ję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
sęťaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
sęťьjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
sęťьjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
sęťьjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
sęťijimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
sęťijimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
sęťijimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
sęťę̇ję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
sęťę̇ję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
sęťaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
sęťijimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
sęťijimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
sęťijimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
sęťijixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
sęťijixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
sęťijixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
sęťiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
sęťę̇ję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
sęťaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: сѧщь

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sint- (*sent-), from Proto-Indo-European *sent-. Compare Samogitian sintietė (“to think”), Latin sentiō (“to feel; to perceive”).


krь(jь)

East Slavic:

Russian: крей (krej), кри (kri) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: кре (kre, “at”), кръй (krǎj, “around”) (dialectal)


gъrkati

gъrkanьje (noun-from-verb)
gъrkati (infinitive)
gъrkatъ (supine)
gъrkalъ (l-participle)
gъrkanъ (participle passive past)
gъrkajemъ (participle passive present)
gъrkavъ (active participle past)
gъrkaję (active participle present)
gъrkaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
gъrka (aorist second-person singular)
gъrka (aorist singular third-person)
gъrkajǫ (first-person present singular)
gъrkaješi (present second-person singular)
gъrkajetь (present singular third-person)
gъrkaxově (aorist dual first-person)
gъrkasta (aorist dual second-person)
gъrkaste (aorist dual third-person)
gъrkajevě (dual first-person present)
gъrkajeta (dual present second-person)
gъrkajete (dual present third-person)
gъrkaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gъrkaste (aorist plural second-person)
gъrkašę (aorist plural third-person)
gъrkajemъ (first-person plural present)
gъrkajete (plural present second-person)
gъrkajǫtь (plural present third-person)
gъrkaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gъrkaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gъrkaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gъrkaji (imperative second-person singular)
gъrkaji (imperative singular third-person)
gъrkaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gъrkaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gъrkaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gъrkajivě (dual first-person imperative)
gъrkajita (dual imperative second-person)
gъrkaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gъrkaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gъrkaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gъrkajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
gъrkajite (imperative plural second-person)

Church Slavonic: гъркати (gŭrkati) (Russian)

East Slavic: гъркати (gŭrkati)

Belarusian: гы́ркаць (hýrkacʹ), dial. гарка́ць (harkácʹ)

Russian: горкота́ть (gorkotátʹ), dial. го́ркать (górkatʹ), га́ркать (gárkatʹ), гу́ркать (gúrkatʹ)

Ukrainian: га́ркати (hárkaty), гу́ркати (húrkaty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: гръ́камъ (grǎ́kam)

Macedonian: грака (graka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гркати, грцати

Latin: grkati, grcati

Slovene: grkati

West Slavic:

Czech: hrkat, hrcat, dial. gŕacať, grcat

Slovak: hrkať, dial. grcať, grcaťi

* ЭССЯ: Onomatopoeic.
* Derksen: cognate with Latin graculus (“daw, jackdaw”).
* Vasmer: onomatopoeia like in Sanskrit घुर्घुर (ghurghura, “growling”).


gъrbъ

gъrbъ (nominative singular)
gъrba (dual nominative)
gъrbi (nominative plural)
gъrba (genitive singular)
gъrbu (dual genitive)
gъrbъ (genitive plural)
gъrbu (dative singular)
gъrboma (dative dual)
gъrbomъ (dative plural)
gъrbъ (accusative singular)
gъrba (accusative dual)
gъrby (accusative plural)
gъrbъmь (instrumental singular)
gъrbomь (instrumental singular)
gъrboma (dual instrumental)
gъrby (instrumental plural)
gъrbě (locative singular)
gъrbu (dual locative)
gъrběxъ (locative plural)
gъrbe (singular vocative)
gъrba (dual vocative)
gъrbi (plural vocative)

East Slavic: гърбъ (gŭrbŭ)

Belarusian: горб (horb)

Russian: горб (gorb), folk го́роб (górob)

Ukrainian: горб (horb)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: гръбъ (grŭbŭ)

Bulgarian: гръб (grǎb)

Macedonian: грб (grb)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гр̏ба

Latin script: gȑba

Slovene: gȓb, gŕba (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: gôrb

Old Czech: chrb

Czech: hrb, hrba (dialectal)

Old Polish: garb

Polish: garb, gurba (dialectal)

Slovak: hrb, hŕba

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: horb

Lower Sorbian: gjarb

The root lacks direct Indo-European relatives, so it cannot be reconstructed with full certainty. Nonetheless, both Derksen and Vasmer suppose an origin from the hypothetical proto-Indo-European root *ger- (“to bend, to craft”), which was enlarged in Slavic into Proto-Indo-European *gr̥bʰos < *gerbʰ- (“to carve, to crib”).


děgati

děganьje (noun-from-verb)
děgati (infinitive)
děgatъ (supine)
děgalъ (l-participle)
děganъ (participle passive past)
děgajemъ (participle passive present)
děgavъ (active participle past)
děgaję (active participle present)
děgaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
děga (aorist second-person singular)
děga (aorist singular third-person)
děgajǫ (first-person present singular)
děgaješi (present second-person singular)
děgajetь (present singular third-person)
děgaxově (aorist dual first-person)
děgasta (aorist dual second-person)
děgaste (aorist dual third-person)
děgajevě (dual first-person present)
děgajeta (dual present second-person)
děgajete (dual present third-person)
děgaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
děgaste (aorist plural second-person)
děgašę (aorist plural third-person)
děgajemъ (first-person plural present)
děgajete (plural present second-person)
děgajǫtь (plural present third-person)
děgaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
děgaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
děgaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
děgaji (imperative second-person singular)
děgaji (imperative singular third-person)
děgaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
děgaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
děgaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
děgajivě (dual first-person imperative)
děgajita (dual imperative second-person)
děgaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
děgaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
děgaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
děgajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
děgajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дегати

Latin script: degati

Slovene: degáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Slovak: děgať

Polish: dziagać (dialectal)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *daigtei, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeygʷ-.
Compare Lithuanian díegti (“to prick(le)”), Latvian diegt, diêgs, Lithuanian gíegas (“sprout”), dáigas.


dьgnǫti

dьgnovenьje (noun-from-verb)
dьgnǫti (infinitive)
dьgnǫtъ (supine)
dьgnǫlъ (l-participle)
dьgnovenъ (participle passive past)
dьgnǫvъ (active participle past)
dьgnǫxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dьgnǫ (aorist second-person singular)
dьgnǫ (aorist singular third-person)
dьgnǫ (first-person present singular)
dьgneši (present second-person singular)
dьgnetь (present singular third-person)
dьgnǫxově (aorist dual first-person)
dьgnǫsta (aorist dual second-person)
dьgnǫste (aorist dual third-person)
dьgnevě (dual first-person present)
dьgneta (dual present second-person)
dьgnete (dual present third-person)
dьgnǫxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dьgnǫste (aorist plural second-person)
dьgnǫšę (aorist plural third-person)
dьgnemъ (first-person plural present)
dьgnete (plural present second-person)
dьgnǫtь (plural present third-person)
dьgni (imperative second-person singular)
dьgni (imperative singular third-person)
dьgněvě (dual first-person imperative)
dьgněta (dual imperative second-person)
dьgněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
dьgněte (imperative plural second-person)
dьženьje (noun-from-verb)
dьgnǫti (infinitive)
dьgnǫtъ (supine)
dьglъ (l-participle)
dьženъ (participle passive past)
dьgъ (active participle past)
dьgъ (aorist first-person singular)
dьgoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dьže (aorist second-person singular)
dьže (aorist singular third-person)
dьgnǫ (first-person present singular)
dьgneši (present second-person singular)
dьgnetь (present singular third-person)
dьgově (aorist dual first-person)
dьgoxově (aorist dual first-person)
dьgeta (aorist dual second-person)
dьgosta (aorist dual second-person)
dьgete (aorist dual third-person)
dьgoste (aorist dual third-person)
dьgnevě (dual first-person present)
dьgneta (dual present second-person)
dьgnete (dual present third-person)
dьgomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dьgoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dьgete (aorist plural second-person)
dьgoste (aorist plural second-person)
dьgǫ (aorist plural third-person)
dьgošę (aorist plural third-person)
dьgnemъ (first-person plural present)
dьgnete (plural present second-person)
dьgnǫtь (plural present third-person)
dьgni (imperative second-person singular)
dьgni (imperative singular third-person)
dьgněvě (dual first-person imperative)
dьgněta (dual imperative second-person)
dьgněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
dьgněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Ukrainian: дьо́гнути (dʹóhnuty, “to prick, thrust”)

West Slavic:

Czech: džignút (“to prick”) (dialectal)

Polish: dziagnąć (dialectal)

Compare Lithuanian díegti (“to prick(le)”).


tьlknǫti

telťi (imperfective)
tьlknovenьje (noun-from-verb)
tьlknǫti (infinitive)
tьlknǫtъ (supine)
tьlknǫlъ (l-participle)
tьlknovenъ (participle passive past)
tьlknǫvъ (active participle past)
tьlknǫxъ (aorist first-person singular)
tьlknǫ (aorist second-person singular)
tьlknǫ (aorist singular third-person)
tьlknǫ (first-person present singular)
tьlkneši (present second-person singular)
tьlknetь (present singular third-person)
tьlknǫxově (aorist dual first-person)
tьlknǫsta (aorist dual second-person)
tьlknǫste (aorist dual third-person)
tьlknevě (dual first-person present)
tьlkneta (dual present second-person)
tьlknete (dual present third-person)
tьlknǫxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tьlknǫste (aorist plural second-person)
tьlknǫšę (aorist plural third-person)
tьlknemъ (first-person plural present)
tьlknete (plural present second-person)
tьlknǫtь (plural present third-person)
tьlkni (imperative second-person singular)
tьlkni (imperative singular third-person)
tьlkněvě (dual first-person imperative)
tьlkněta (dual imperative second-person)
tьlkněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
tьlkněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: тълкнути (tŭlknuti)

Russian: толкну́ть (tolknútʹ)

Ukrainian: товкону́ти (tovkonúty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: тлъкнѫти (tlŭknǫti)

Glagolitic script: ⱅⰾⱏⰽⱀⱘⱅⰻ (tlŭknǫti)

Bulgarian: тлъкна (tlǎkna, “to propel”) (obsolete)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ту̏кнути

Latin script: tȕknuti


dьgna

dьgna (nominative singular)
dьgně (dual nominative)
dьgny (nominative plural)
dьgny (genitive singular)
dьgnu (dual genitive)
dьgnъ (genitive plural)
dьgně (dative singular)
dьgnama (dative dual)
dьgnamъ (dative plural)
dьgnǫ (accusative singular)
dьgně (accusative dual)
dьgny (accusative plural)
dьgnojǫ (instrumental singular)
dьgnǫ (instrumental singular)
dьgnama (dual instrumental)
dьgnami (instrumental plural)
dьgně (locative singular)
dьgnu (dual locative)
dьgnasъ (locative plural)
dьgnaxъ (locative plural)
dьgno (singular vocative)
dьgně (dual vocative)
dьgny (plural vocative)

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: дьгна (dĭgna), дегна (degna), дъгна (dŭgna), догна (dogna) (Russian recension)

Glagolitic script: [Term?]

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дьгна (dĭgna), дегна (degna), дъгна (dŭgna), догна (dogna)

Russian: дегна (degna)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: дъ́гна (dǎ́gna)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: да̏гна, да̏гња

Latin script: dȁgna, dȁgnja

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dehna

desctree

Old Polish: dzięgna
→? Russian: цинга́ (cingá, “scurvy”)
→ Armenian: ցինգա (cʻinga)
→ Kildin Sami: цыӈӈьк (cyŋŋ’k)
→ Polish: cynga
→ Skolt Sami: câʹǧǧ

Formed as a resultant noun of *dьgnǫti (“to prickle”) + *-a, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeygʷ-. Akin to Lithuanian dýgti (“to germinate, sprout”) / díegti (“to prick(le)”), Proto-Germanic *dīkiją (“dike”), and Latin fīgō.


sekyra

sekyra (nominative singular)
sekyrě (dual nominative)
sekyry (nominative plural)
sekyry (genitive singular)
sekyru (dual genitive)
sekyrъ (genitive plural)
sekyrě (dative singular)
sekyrama (dative dual)
sekyramъ (dative plural)
sekyrǫ (accusative singular)
sekyrě (accusative dual)
sekyry (accusative plural)
sekyrojǫ (instrumental singular)
sekyrǫ (instrumental singular)
sekyrama (dual instrumental)
sekyrami (instrumental plural)
sekyrě (locative singular)
sekyru (dual locative)
sekyrasъ (locative plural)
sekyraxъ (locative plural)
sekyro (singular vocative)
sekyrě (dual vocative)
sekyry (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: секꙑра (sekyra), сокꙑра (sokyra), сѣкꙑра (sěkyra)

Old Ruthenian: соки́ра (sokíra), секи́ра (sekíra)

Old Belarusian: саки́ра (sakíra)

Belarusian: сякі́ра (sjakíra), сокі́ра (sokíra), сако́ра (sakóra)

Carpathian Rusyn: сокы́ра (sokŷ́ra)

Ukrainian: соки́ра (sokýra)

Middle Russian: секи́ра (sekíra), соки́ра (sokíra)

Russian: секи́ра (sekíra)

Old Novgorodian: секꙑра (sekyra)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⱄⰵⰽⱏⰺⱃⰰ (sekyra), ⱄⱑⰽⱏⰺⱃⰰ (sěkyra)

Old Cyrillic script: секꙑра (sekyra), сѣкꙑра (sěkyra)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сѐкира, сјѐкира, сѝкира

Latin script: sèkira, sjèkira, sìkira

Slovene: sekíra (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sěkyra, sěkera

Czech: sekyra

Bohemian (Chod dialect): sekyra

Kashubian: seczera

Polabian: seťaŕă

desctree

Old Polish: siekiera
Polish: siekiera
→ Old Ruthenian: секе́ра (sekéra), соке́ра (sokéra)
Old Belarusian: саке́ра (sakéra)
Belarusian: сяке́ра (sjakjéra)

Slovak: sekera

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: sekera

Lower Sorbian: sekera

Cognate with Latin secūris (“axe”) and Ancient Greek σάγαρις (ságaris, “single-edged battle axe used by Scythians”). Probably not related to Akkadian 𒅆𒆕 (/šukurru/, “metal wedge, spear, axe”) which can have various other relations like to the frequent root related to locking, blocking (Arabic شَجَرَ (šajara, “to tie up, to keep off”) and loanwords سُكَّار (sukkār) and سَاجُور (sājūr)).


nagъ

nȃgъ (canonical)
nagъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
naga (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
nago (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
naga (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
nagy (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
naga (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
nagu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
nadzě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
nagu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
nagъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
nagǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
nago (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
nagomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
nagojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
nagomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
nadzě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
nadzě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
nadzě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
naže (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
nago (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
nago (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
naga (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
nadzě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
nadzě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
nagu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
nagu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
nagu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
nagoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
nagama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
nagoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
naga (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
nadzě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
nadzě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
nagoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
nagama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
nagoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
nagu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
nagu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
nagu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
naga (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
nadzě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
nadzě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
nadzi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
nagy (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
naga (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
nagъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
nagъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
nagъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
nagomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
nagamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
nagomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
nagy (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
nagy (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
naga (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
nagy (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
nagami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
nagy (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
nadzěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
nagaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
nadzěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
nadzi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
nagy (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
naga (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
nagъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
nagaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
nagoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
nagajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
nagyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
nagajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
nagujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
nadzěji (dative definite feminine singular)
nagujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
nagъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
nagǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
nagoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
nagyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
nagǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
nagyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
nadzějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
nadzěji (definite feminine locative singular)
nadzějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
nagъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
nagaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
nagoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
nagaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
nadzěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
nadzěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
naguju (definite dual genitive masculine)
naguju (definite dual feminine genitive)
naguju (definite dual genitive neuter)
nagyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
nagyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
nagyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
nagaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
nadzěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
nadzěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
nagyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
nagyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
nagyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
naguju (definite dual locative masculine)
naguju (definite dual feminine locative)
naguju (definite dual locative neuter)
nagaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
nadzěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
nadzěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
nadziji (definite masculine nominative plural)
nagyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
nagaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
nagъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
nagъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
nagъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
nagyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
nagyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
nagyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
nagyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
nagyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
nagaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
nagyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
nagyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
nagyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
nagyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
nagyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
nagyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
nadziji (definite masculine plural vocative)
nagyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
nagaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *nagъ (hard)

Definite declension of *nagъ (hard)

East Slavic:

Russian: наго́й (nagój) (poetic)

Ukrainian: наги́й (nahýj) (dated)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: нагъ (nagŭ)

Bulgarian: наг (nag) (obsolete)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: наг

Latin script: nag

Slovene: nȃg (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: nahý

Czech: nahý

Polish: nagi

Slovak: nahý

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: nahi

Lower Sorbian: nagi

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *nōˀgás, from Proto-Indo-European *nogʷós (“naked, nude”).


golъ

gȍlъ (canonical)
golъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
gola (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
golo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
gola (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
goly (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
gola (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
golu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
golě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
golu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
golъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
golǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
golo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
golomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
golojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
golomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
golě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
golě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
golě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
gole (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
golo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
golo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
gola (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
golě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
golě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
golu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
golu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
golu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
goloma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
golama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
goloma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
gola (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
golě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
golě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
goloma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
golama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
goloma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
golu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
golu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
golu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
gola (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
golě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
golě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
goli (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
goly (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
gola (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
golъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
golъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
golъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
golomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
golamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
golomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
goly (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
goly (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
gola (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
goly (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
golami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
goly (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
golěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
golaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
golěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
goli (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
goly (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
gola (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
golъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
golaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
goloje (definite neuter nominative singular)
golajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
golyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
golajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
golujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
golěji (dative definite feminine singular)
golujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
golъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
golǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
goloje (accusative definite neuter singular)
golyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
golǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
golyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
golějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
golěji (definite feminine locative singular)
golějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
golъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
golaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
goloje (definite neuter singular vocative)
golaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
golěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
golěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
goluju (definite dual genitive masculine)
goluju (definite dual feminine genitive)
goluju (definite dual genitive neuter)
golyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
golyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
golyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
golaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
golěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
golěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
golyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
golyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
golyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
goluju (definite dual locative masculine)
goluju (definite dual feminine locative)
goluju (definite dual locative neuter)
golaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
golěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
golěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
goliji (definite masculine nominative plural)
golyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
golaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
golъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
golъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
golъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
golyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
golyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
golyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
golyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
golyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
golaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
golyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
golyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
golyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
golyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
golyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
golyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
goliji (definite masculine plural vocative)
golyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
golaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *golъ (hard)

Definite declension of *golъ (hard)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: го́лы (hóly)

Russian: го́лый (gólyj)

Ukrainian: го́лий (hólyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: голъ (golŭ)

Bulgarian: гол (gol)

Macedonian: гол (gol)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: го̑л

Latin script: gȏl

Slovene: gȍł (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: holý

Czech: holý

Old Polish: goły

Polish: goły

Slovak: holý

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: goły

Upper Sorbian: hoły

Non-Slavic:

Aromanian: gol

Romanian: gol

Probably cognate with Proto-Germanic *kalwaz, Latin calvus (“bald, hairless”), presumably from Proto-Indo-European *gelH- (“bald, naked”) (reconstructed as *gal- in older literature). Vasmer, Georgiev additionally link it to Latvian gā̀ls (“ice-smooth, slick”), gàla (“frost, thin layer of ice”) from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”) (cf. Proto-Slavic *golъtь, *golotь (“hoarfrost”)).
See the literature for further hypotheses.


Bělovoldъ

Bělovoldъ (nominative singular)
Bělovolda (genitive singular)
Bělovoldu (dative singular)
Bělovoldъ (accusative singular)
Bělovoldě (locative singular)
Bělovolde (singular vocative)

East Slavic: Бѣловолодъ (Bělovolodŭ)

From *bělъ (“white”) + *-o- + *volděti (“to rule”).


gorgorъ

gorgorъ (nominative singular)
gorgora (dual nominative)
gorgori (nominative plural)
gorgora (genitive singular)
gorgoru (dual genitive)
gorgorъ (genitive plural)
gorgoru (dative singular)
gorgoroma (dative dual)
gorgoromъ (dative plural)
gorgorъ (accusative singular)
gorgora (accusative dual)
gorgory (accusative plural)
gorgorъmь (instrumental singular)
gorgoromь (instrumental singular)
gorgoroma (dual instrumental)
gorgory (instrumental plural)
gorgorě (locative singular)
gorgoru (dual locative)
gorgorěxъ (locative plural)
gorgore (singular vocative)
gorgora (dual vocative)
gorgori (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: гра́горъ (grágor, “pebble, shingle”), dial. гра́гор (grágor)

Macedonian: dial. грагор (gragor, “noise, buzz (of voices); chatter”)

From reduplication of onomatopoeic base *gor-gor.


peťi

peťì (canonical imperfective)
peknǫti (perfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
pečenьje (noun-from-verb)
peťi (infinitive)
peťь (supine)
peklъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
pečenъ (participle passive past)
pekomъ (participle passive present)
pekъ (active participle past)
peky (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
pekъ (aorist first-person singular)
pekoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
peče (aorist second-person singular)
peče (aorist singular third-person)
pekǫ (first-person present singular)
pečeši (present second-person singular)
pečetь (present singular third-person)
pekově (aorist dual first-person)
pekoxově (aorist dual first-person)
peketa (aorist dual second-person)
pekosta (aorist dual second-person)
pekete (aorist dual third-person)
pekoste (aorist dual third-person)
pečevě (dual first-person present)
pečeta (dual present second-person)
pečete (dual present third-person)
pekomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pekoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pekete (aorist plural second-person)
pekoste (aorist plural second-person)
pekǫ (aorist plural third-person)
pekošę (aorist plural third-person)
pečemъ (first-person plural present)
pečete (plural present second-person)
pekǫtь (plural present third-person)
pečaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pečaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pečaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pьci (imperative second-person singular)
pьci (imperative singular third-person)
pečaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pečaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pečaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pьcěvě (dual first-person imperative)
pьcěta (dual imperative second-person)
pečaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pečaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pečaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pьcěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
pьcěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: печи (peči)

Old Ruthenian: печи (peči), пекти (pekti)

Belarusian: пячы́ (pjačý), пекці́ (pjekcí)

Carpathian Rusyn: печі́ (pečí)

Ukrainian: пекти́ (pektý), печи́ (pečý)

Russian: печь (pečʹ)

Old Novgorodian: пеци (peci)

Old Pskovian: пекти (pekti)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: пещи (pešti)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⰵⱋⰹ (pešti)

Bulgarian: пека́ (peká)

Macedonian: пече (peče)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пе̏ћи

Latin script: pȅći

Slovene: péči (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: péci, péct

Polabian: pict

Old Polish: piec

Polish: piec

Silesian: piyc

Slovak: piecť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: pjec

Lower Sorbian: pjac

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pektei, from Proto-Indo-European *pékʷeti. Cognate with Lithuanian kèpti, Latvian cept (via metathesis), Proto-Celtic *kʷokʷeti, Proto-Italic *kʷekʷō (whence English cook from Latin coquō), Proto-Indo-Iranian *páčati, Albanian pjek.
Akin to the Vulgar Latin loanword копторъ (koptorŭ, “cooker, hovel”) in demotic Church Slavonic (spec. Middle Bulgarian).

(reflexive) to get motivated, to put effort into, to care for


nestera

nestera (nominative singular)
nesterě (dual nominative)
nestery (nominative plural)
nestery (genitive singular)
nesteru (dual genitive)
nesterъ (genitive plural)
nesterě (dative singular)
nesterama (dative dual)
nesteramъ (dative plural)
nesterǫ (accusative singular)
nesterě (accusative dual)
nestery (accusative plural)
nesterojǫ (instrumental singular)
nesterǫ (instrumental singular)
nesterama (dual instrumental)
nesterami (instrumental plural)
nesterě (locative singular)
nesteru (dual locative)
nesterasъ (locative plural)
nesteraxъ (locative plural)
nestero (singular vocative)
nesterě (dual vocative)
nestery (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: нестера (nestera) (Russian)

East Slavic: нестера (nestera)

Russian: нестера (nestera), Нестор (Nestor), Нестер (Nester)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: нестера

Latin script: nestera

West Slavic:

Old Polish: nieściora

From earlier *nepttera, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *nep(ō)t-:
* Derksen: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂nep-t-ter-eh₂, from *h₂nep-t-.
* ЭССЯ: From Proto-Indo-European *ne(p)-t-terā, from *neptī.
* Vasmer: From Proto-Indo-European *nept-tera, from *neptī(s).
Baltic cognates include Old Lithuanian nepuotis (“grandson, granddaughter”), neptė (“granddaughter”).
Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit नप्ती (naptī, “daughter, granddaughter”), Ancient Greek ἀνεψιός (anepsiós, “cousin”), Latin neptis (“granddaughter”), Old Irish necht (“niece”), Proto-Germanic *niftiz.

cog

ętry

sister-in-law (husband's brother's wife)


Gostislavъ

Gostislàvъ (canonical masculine)
Gostislavъ (nominative singular)
Gostislava (dual nominative)
Gostislavi (nominative plural)
Gostislava (genitive singular)
Gostislavu (dual genitive)
Gostislavъ (genitive plural)
Gostislavu (dative singular)
Gostislavomъ (dative plural)
Gostislavъ (accusative singular)
Gostislava (accusative dual)
Gostislavy (accusative plural)
Gostislavy (instrumental plural)
Gostislavě (locative singular)
Gostislavu (dual locative)
Gostislavěxъ (locative plural)
Gostislave (singular vocative)
Gostislava (dual vocative)
Gostislavi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: Гостисла́в (Hostysláv) (obsolete, rare)

Russian: Гостисла́в (Gostisláv) (obsolete, rare)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: Hostislav

Old Polish: Gościsław, Goscław

Slovak: Hosťislaw (Bernolák ortography)

→? Swedish: Gustav

From *gȍstь (“guest”) + *slàva (“glory, fame”). Compare Proto-Norse ᚺᛚᛖᚹᚨᚷᚨᛊᛏᛁᛉ (hlewagastiʀ).


onuťa

Oleg Trubachyov
Rick Derksen
ru:Журавлёв, Анатолий Фёдорович
ru:Черных, Павел Яковлевич
uk:Циганенко Галина Павлівна

onuťa (nominative singular)
onuťi (dual nominative)
onuťę̇ (nominative plural)
onuťę̇ (genitive singular)
onuťu (dual genitive)
onuťь (genitive plural)
onuťi (dative singular)
onuťama (dative dual)
onuťamъ (dative plural)
onuťǫ (accusative singular)
onuťi (accusative dual)
onuťę̇ (accusative plural)
onuťejǫ (instrumental singular)
onuťǫ (instrumental singular)
onuťama (dual instrumental)
onuťami (instrumental plural)
onuťi (locative singular)
onuťu (dual locative)
onuťasъ (locative plural)
onuťaxъ (locative plural)
onuťe (singular vocative)
onuťi (dual vocative)
onuťę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: онуча (onuča, “footwear”)

Belarusian: ану́ча (anúča, “footwrap”)

Russian: ону́ча (onúča, “footwrap”)

Old Ukrainian: онуча (onuča, “footwrap”)

Ukrainian: ону́ча (onúča, “footwrap”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: оноуща (onušta, “shoe, sandal”)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Slovene: onúča (“footwrap”)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: onucě (“footwrap”)

Czech: onuce (“footwrap”)

Old Polish: onuca (“footwrap”)

Polish: onuca (“footwrap”)

Old Slovak: onuca (“footwrap”)

Slovak: onuca (“footwrap”)

* Per Tsyganenko: From **onuti + *-ja, from *on- + *uti.
* Per ESSJa: From *on- + **uťa, from *uti + *-ja. But on other hand, ESSJa derive *obuťa from Past PP *obutъ + *-ja or *obuti + *-ťa.
* Per Chernykh: From *obnutja, from *ob- + *nutja? Compare Slovene nuča, Polish nucy pl and Russian нутро (nutro) (< *ǫtro with n from внутрь (vnutrʹ)), обнять (obnjatʹ) (< -нять (-njatʹ) < *ęti).
Related to Slovene vnúča < *vъnuťa, Bulgarian навуще (navušte) < *na(v)uťe. See also Bulgarian на́вой (návoj, “footwrap”) < *navojь.


xoditi

xoďenьje (noun-from-verb)
xoditi (infinitive)
xoditъ (supine)
xodilъ (l-participle)
xoďenъ (participle passive past)
xodimъ (participle passive present)
xoďь (active participle past)
xodę (active participle present)
xodixъ (aorist first-person singular)
xodi (aorist second-person singular)
xodi (aorist singular third-person)
xoďǫ (first-person present singular)
xodiši (present second-person singular)
xoditь (present singular third-person)
xodixově (aorist dual first-person)
xodista (aorist dual second-person)
xodiste (aorist dual third-person)
xodivě (dual first-person present)
xodita (dual present second-person)
xodite (dual present third-person)
xodixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
xodiste (aorist plural second-person)
xodišę (aorist plural third-person)
xodimъ (first-person plural present)
xodite (plural present second-person)
xodętь (plural present third-person)
xoďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
xoďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
xoďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
xodi (imperative second-person singular)
xodi (imperative singular third-person)
xoďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
xoďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
xoďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
xodivě (dual first-person imperative)
xodita (dual imperative second-person)
xoďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
xoďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
xoďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
xodimъ (first-person imperative plural)
xodite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ходити (xoditi) (10th century)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: ходи́ти (xodíti)
Belarusian: хадзі́ць (xadzícʹ)
Carpathian Rusyn: ходи́ти (xodýty)
Ukrainian: ходи́ти (xodýty)

Russian: ходи́ть (xodítʹ), 1sg. хожу́ (xožú), 3sg. хо́дит (xódit)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: ходити (xoditi)

Glagolitic: ⱈⱁⰴⰻⱅⰻ (xoditi)

Bulgarian: хо́дя (hódja)

Macedonian: оди (odi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: хо̀дити, 1sg. хо̏дӣм

Latin: hòditi, 1sg. hȍdīm

Slovene: hóditi (tonal orthography), 1sg. họ́dim (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: choditi
Czech: chodit

Old Polish: chodzić
Polish: chodzić
Silesian: chodzić

Polabian: x’üdĕt

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: chòdzëc

Slovincian: chôdzëc

Slovak: chodiť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: chodźić

Lower Sorbian: chójźiś

From *xodъ (“motion, movement”) + *-iti, from Proto-Indo-European *sod-, from the root *sed- (“to sit”). Compare *sadìti.
Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek ὁδεύω (hodeúō, “to wander”).


xrǫščalь

xrǫščalь (nominative singular)
xrǫščali (dual nominative)
xrǫščalьje (nominative plural)
xrǫščali (genitive singular)
xrǫščalьju (dual genitive)
xrǫščalьjь (genitive plural)
xrǫščali (dative singular)
xrǫščalьma (dative dual)
xrǫščalьmъ (dative plural)
xrǫščalь (accusative singular)
xrǫščali (accusative dual)
xrǫščali (accusative plural)
xrǫščalьmь (instrumental singular)
xrǫščalьma (dual instrumental)
xrǫščalьmi (instrumental plural)
xrǫščali (locative singular)
xrǫščalьju (dual locative)
xrǫščalьxъ (locative plural)
xrǫščali (singular vocative)
xrǫščali (dual vocative)
xrǫščalьje (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: хрущя́л (hruštjál)

West Slavic:

Slovincian: chrõszczél


xrǫščь

xrǫ̃ščь (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
xrǫ̃ščь (nominative singular)
xrǭščà (dual nominative)
xrǭščì (nominative plural)
xrǭščà (genitive singular)
xrǭščù (dual genitive)
xrǫ̃ščь (genitive plural)
xrǭščù (dative singular)
xrǭščèma (dative dual)
xrǫ̃ščemъ (dative plural)
xrǫ̃ščь (accusative singular)
xrǭščà (accusative dual)
xrǭščę̇̀ (accusative plural)
xrǭščь̀mь (instrumental singular)
xrǭščèmь (instrumental singular)
xrǭščèma (dual instrumental)
xrǫ̃šči (instrumental plural)
xrǭščì (locative singular)
xrǭščù (dual locative)
xrǫ̃ščixъ (locative plural)
xrǫšču (singular vocative)
xrǭščà (dual vocative)
xrǭščì (plural vocative)

Old Ruthenian: хрущъBelarusian: хрушчUkrainian: хрущ

х

Old Church Slavonic; Old Cyrillic script


kvasъ

kvȃsъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
kvȃsъ (nominative singular)
kvȃsa (dual nominative)
kvȃsi (nominative plural)
kvȃsa (genitive singular)
kvasù (dual genitive)
kvãsъ (genitive plural)
kvȃsu (dative singular)
kvasomà (dative dual)
kvasòmъ (dative plural)
kvȃsъ (accusative singular)
kvȃsa (accusative dual)
kvȃsy (accusative plural)
kvȃsъmь (instrumental singular)
kvȃsomь (instrumental singular)
kvasomà (dual instrumental)
kvasý (instrumental plural)
kvȃsě (locative singular)
kvasù (dual locative)
kvasě̃xъ (locative plural)
kvase (singular vocative)
kvȃsa (dual vocative)
kvȃsi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: квасъ (kvasŭ)

Belarusian: квас (kvas)

Russian: квас (kvas)

Ukrainian: квас (kvas)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: квасъ (kvasŭ)

Glagolitic: ⰽⰲⰰⱄⱏ (kvasŭ)

Bulgarian: квас (kvas)

Macedonian: квас (kvas)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ква̑с

Latin script: kvȃs

Slovene: kvȃs (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kvas

Czech: kvas

Moravian (Mistřice): kvas

Polabian: kos

Polish: kwas

Slovak: kvas

Slovincian: kwas

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kwas

Lower Sorbian: kwas

From Proto-Indo-European *kwh₂et-. Cognate with Latin cāseus (“cheese”), Sanskrit क्वथ् (kvath, “to boil”).


tvьrdъ

tvь̑rdъ (canonical)
tvьrdъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
tvьrda (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
tvьrdo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
tvьrda (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
tvьrdy (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
tvьrda (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
tvьrdu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
tvьrdě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
tvьrdu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
tvьrdъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
tvьrdǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
tvьrdo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
tvьrdomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
tvьrdojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
tvьrdomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
tvьrdě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
tvьrdě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
tvьrdě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
tvьrde (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
tvьrdo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
tvьrdo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
tvьrda (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
tvьrdě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
tvьrdě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
tvьrdu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
tvьrdu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
tvьrdu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
tvьrdoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
tvьrdama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
tvьrdoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
tvьrda (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
tvьrdě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
tvьrdě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
tvьrdoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
tvьrdama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
tvьrdoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
tvьrdu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
tvьrdu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
tvьrdu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
tvьrda (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
tvьrdě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
tvьrdě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
tvьrdi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
tvьrdy (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
tvьrda (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
tvьrdъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
tvьrdъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
tvьrdъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
tvьrdomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
tvьrdamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
tvьrdomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
tvьrdy (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
tvьrdy (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
tvьrda (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
tvьrdy (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
tvьrdami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
tvьrdy (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
tvьrděxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
tvьrdaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
tvьrděxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
tvьrdi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
tvьrdy (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
tvьrda (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
tvьrdъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
tvьrdaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
tvьrdoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
tvьrdajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
tvьrdyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
tvьrdajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
tvьrdujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
tvьrději (dative definite feminine singular)
tvьrdujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
tvьrdъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
tvьrdǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
tvьrdoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
tvьrdyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
tvьrdǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
tvьrdyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
tvьrdějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
tvьrději (definite feminine locative singular)
tvьrdějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
tvьrdъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
tvьrdaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
tvьrdoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
tvьrdaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
tvьrději (definite dual feminine nominative)
tvьrději (definite dual neuter nominative)
tvьrduju (definite dual genitive masculine)
tvьrduju (definite dual feminine genitive)
tvьrduju (definite dual genitive neuter)
tvьrdyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
tvьrdyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
tvьrdyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
tvьrdaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
tvьrději (accusative definite dual feminine)
tvьrději (accusative definite dual neuter)
tvьrdyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
tvьrdyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
tvьrdyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
tvьrduju (definite dual locative masculine)
tvьrduju (definite dual feminine locative)
tvьrduju (definite dual locative neuter)
tvьrdaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
tvьrději (definite dual feminine vocative)
tvьrději (definite dual neuter vocative)
tvьrdiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
tvьrdyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
tvьrdaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
tvьrdъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
tvьrdъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
tvьrdъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
tvьrdyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
tvьrdyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
tvьrdyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
tvьrdyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
tvьrdyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
tvьrdaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
tvьrdyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
tvьrdyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
tvьrdyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
tvьrdyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
tvьrdyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
tvьrdyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
tvьrdiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
tvьrdyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
tvьrdaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *tvьrdъ (hard)

Definite declension of *tvьrdъ (hard)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: твьрдъ (tvĭrdŭ)

Old Ruthenian: твердый (tverdyj)

Belarusian: цвёрды (cvjórdy)

Carpathian Rusyn: твердый (tverdŷj)

Ukrainian: тверди́й (tverdýj)

Russian: твёрдый (tvjórdyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: тврьдъ (tvrĭdŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱅⰲⱃⱐⰴⱏ (tvrĭdŭ)

Bulgarian: твърд (tvǎrd)

Macedonian: тврд (tvrd)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: твр̑д

Latin script: tvȓd

Slovene: tȓd (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: cwiardi

Old Czech: tvrdý

Czech: tvrdý

Polabian: ťordĕ

Old Polish: twardy

Polish: twardy

Slovak: tvrdý

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: twjerdy

Lower Sorbian: twardy

→ Middle High German: quarz

German: Quarz (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *twírtas, from Proto-Indo-European *twerH-.
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian tvìrtas, Latvian tvir̂ts (“strong, firm, solid”).


čьrta

čьrtà (canonical feminine)
b (accent-paradigm)
čьrtà (nominative singular)
čь̃rtě (dual nominative)
čьrtỳ (nominative plural)
čьrtỳ (genitive singular)
čьrtù (dual genitive)
čь̃rtъ (genitive plural)
čьrtě̀ (dative singular)
čьrtàma (dative dual)
čьrtàmъ (dative plural)
čьrtǫ̀ (accusative singular)
čь̃rtě (accusative dual)
čьrtỳ (accusative plural)
čьrtòjǫ (instrumental singular)
čь̃rtǫ (instrumental singular)
čьrtàma (dual instrumental)
čьrtàmī (instrumental plural)
čьrtě̀ (locative singular)
čьrtù (dual locative)
čьrtàsъ (locative plural)
čьrtàxъ (locative plural)
čьrto (singular vocative)
čь̃rtě (dual vocative)
čьrtỳ (plural vocative)

East Slavic: чьрта (čĭrta), чрьта (črĭta), черта (čerta)

Belarusian: черта́ (čjertá)

Russian: черта́ (čertá)

Ukrainian: черта́ (čertá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: чрьта (črĭta)

Glagolitic: ⱍⱃⱐⱅⰰ (črĭta)

desc

Bulgarian: черта́ (čertá), чърта́ (čǎrtá)

Macedonian: цр́та (cŕta)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: цр̏та

Latin script: cȑta

Slovene: čŕta (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: črta

Slovak: črta

* Derksen: from *krt.
* Černyx: from *kirt-ā, from Proto-Indo-European root *(s)ker-t-
Compare Sanskrit कृता (kṛtā).


dobъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *dobъ (hard)

Definite declension of *dobъ (hard)

dobъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
doba (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
dobo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
doba (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
doby (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
doba (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
dobu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
době (dative feminine indefinite singular)
dobu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
dobъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
dobǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
dobo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
dobomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
dobojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
dobomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
době (indefinite locative masculine singular)
době (feminine indefinite locative singular)
době (indefinite locative neuter singular)
dobe (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
dobo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
dobo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
doba (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
době (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
době (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
dobu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
dobu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
dobu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
doboma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
dobama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
doboma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
doba (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
době (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
době (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
doboma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
dobama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
doboma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
dobu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
dobu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
dobu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
doba (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
době (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
době (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
dobi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
doby (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
doba (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
dobъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
dobъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
dobъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
dobomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
dobamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
dobomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
doby (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
doby (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
doba (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
doby (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
dobami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
doby (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
doběxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
dobaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
doběxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
dobi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
doby (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
doba (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
dobъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
dobaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
doboje (definite neuter nominative singular)
dobajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
dobyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
dobajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
dobujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
doběji (dative definite feminine singular)
dobujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
dobъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
dobǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
doboje (accusative definite neuter singular)
dobyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
dobǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
dobyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
dobějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
doběji (definite feminine locative singular)
dobějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
dobъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
dobaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
doboje (definite neuter singular vocative)
dobaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
doběji (definite dual feminine nominative)
doběji (definite dual neuter nominative)
dobuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
dobuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
dobuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
dobyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
dobyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
dobyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
dobaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
doběji (accusative definite dual feminine)
doběji (accusative definite dual neuter)
dobyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
dobyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
dobyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
dobuju (definite dual locative masculine)
dobuju (definite dual feminine locative)
dobuju (definite dual locative neuter)
dobaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
doběji (definite dual feminine vocative)
doběji (definite dual neuter vocative)
dobiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
dobyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
dobaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
dobъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
dobъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
dobъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
dobyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
dobyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
dobyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
dobyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
dobyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
dobaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
dobyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
dobyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
dobyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
dobyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
dobyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
dobyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
dobiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
dobyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
dobaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: dial. добо́й (dobój), доб (dob), доб-здоров (dob-zdorov), доб-парень (dob-parenʹ)

Ukrainian: dial. до́бий (dóbyj)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dabas, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₂ebʰ-o-s, from *dʰh₂ebʰ- (“to model, to fashion”). Cognate with Latvian daba (“nature”), Lithuanian dabà (“habit, characteristic”).


ščitъ

ščĩtъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
ščĩtъ (nominative singular)
ščītà (dual nominative)
ščītì (nominative plural)
ščītà (genitive singular)
ščītù (dual genitive)
ščĩtъ (genitive plural)
ščītù (dative singular)
ščītòma (dative dual)
ščītòmъ (dative plural)
ščĩtъ (accusative singular)
ščītà (accusative dual)
ščītỳ (accusative plural)
ščītъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
ščītòmь (instrumental singular)
ščītòma (dual instrumental)
ščĩty (instrumental plural)
ščītě̀ (locative singular)
ščītù (dual locative)
ščĩtěxъ (locative plural)
ščite (singular vocative)
ščītà (dual vocative)
ščītì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: щитъ (ščitŭ)

Belarusian: шчыт (ščyt)

Russian: щит (ščit)

Carpathian Rusyn: щит (ščyt)

Ukrainian: щит (ščyt)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: щитъ (štitŭ)

Glagolitic: ⱋⰻⱅⱏ (štitŭ)

Bulgarian: щит (štit)

Macedonian: штит (štit)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: шти̑т

Latin script: štȋt

Slovene: ščȋt (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: ščít

Czech: štít

Kashubian: szczit

Old Polish: szczyt

Polish: szczyt

Old Slovak: ščít, štít

Pannonian Rusyn: щит (ščit)

Slovak: štít

Slovincian: szczyt

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: škit

Lower Sorbian: šćit

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *skeitas, *skaita-, from Proto-Indo-European *skey-to-m, from *skey- (“to cut, separate”).
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian skiẽtas (“reed”), Latvian šķiêts (“reed”), šķieta (“goose sternum”), Old Prussian scaytan (“shield”).
Indo-European cognates include Latin scūtum (“shield”) from *skoytom; and Old Irish scíath (“shield”), Welsh ysgwyd (“shield”), Breton skoed (Old Breton skoit), all from Proto-Celtic *skeitos, from *skeytos.
Comparison with Proto-Germanic *skelduz (“shield”) is doubtful.


kъrkъ

kъrkъ (nominative singular)
kъrka (dual nominative)
kъrci (nominative plural)
kъrka (genitive singular)
kъrku (dual genitive)
kъrkъ (genitive plural)
kъrku (dative singular)
kъrkoma (dative dual)
kъrkomъ (dative plural)
kъrkъ (accusative singular)
kъrka (accusative dual)
kъrky (accusative plural)
kъrkъmь (instrumental singular)
kъrkomь (instrumental singular)
kъrkoma (dual instrumental)
kъrky (instrumental plural)
kъrcě (locative singular)
kъrku (dual locative)
kъrcěxъ (locative plural)
kъrče (singular vocative)
kъrka (dual vocative)
kъrci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: зако́рки f pl (zakórki)

Old Ukrainian: коркъ (kork)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: кръкъ (krŭkŭ)

Glagolitic: ⰽⱃⱏⰽⱏ (krŭkŭ)

Bulgarian: dial. крък (krǎk)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: dial. крк

Latin: dial. krk

West Slavic:

Kashubian: kark

Old Czech: krk

Czech: krk

Polabian: kork

Old Polish: kark

Polish: kark

Slovak: krk, dial. grg

Slovincian: kark

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kurkas, from Proto-Indo-European *kr̥kos, a k-extension of *(s)ker- (“to turn around”).
Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit कृकाट (kṛ́kāṭa), Gaulish cricon. Unconvincing with Old Norse kverk, Latin gurges, gurgulío.