vodьnikъ

vodьnĩkъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
vodьnĩkъ (nominative singular)
vodьnīkà (dual nominative)
vodьnīcì (nominative plural)
vodьnīkà (genitive singular)
vodьnīkù (dual genitive)
vodьnĩkъ (genitive plural)
vodьnīkù (dative singular)
vodьnīkòma (dative dual)
vodьnīkòmъ (dative plural)
vodьnĩkъ (accusative singular)
vodьnīkà (accusative dual)
vodьnīkỳ (accusative plural)
vodьnīkъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
vodьnīkòmь (instrumental singular)
vodьnīkòma (dual instrumental)
vodьnĩky (instrumental plural)
vodьnīcě̀ (locative singular)
vodьnīkù (dual locative)
vodьnĩcěxъ (locative plural)
vodьniče (singular vocative)
vodьnīkà (dual vocative)
vodьnīcì (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: во́дник (vódnik)

Macedonian: водник (vodnik, “sergeant”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: во̏днӣк

Latin script: vȍdnīk

Slovene: vodník


abolnь

àbolnь (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
àbolnь (nominative singular)
àbolni (dual nominative)
àbolni (nominative plural)
àbolnī (genitive singular)
àbolnьju (dual genitive)
àbolnьjь (genitive plural)
àbolni (dative singular)
àbolnьma (dative dual)
àbolnьmъ (dative plural)
àbolnь (accusative singular)
àbolni (accusative dual)
àbolni (accusative plural)
àbolnьjǫ (instrumental singular)
àbolnьma (dual instrumental)
àbolnьmī (instrumental plural)
àbolnī (locative singular)
àbolnьju (dual locative)
àbolnьxъ (locative plural)
abolni (singular vocative)
àbolni (dual vocative)
àbolni (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

desc

Old Cyrillic script: ꙗблань (jablanĭ), аблань (ablanĭ)

Bulgarian: я́блан (jáblan), ябла́н (jablán), абла́н (ablán); абле́н (ablén), ябле́н (jablén) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ја̏бла̄н

Latin script: jȁblān

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: jáblan, jáblana (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jablan

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: jabołń (dialectal)

From Early Proto-Slavic *ā́˙balni, inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *āˀbōlnis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ebōl-n-is, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl (“apple”). Cognates include Lithuanian obelìs, Old Prussian wobalne, Proto-Celtic *abalnā.

inh+

(botany) apple tree (any plant of the genus Malus)


dorъ

dorъ (nominative singular)
dora (dual nominative)
dori (nominative plural)
dora (genitive singular)
doru (dual genitive)
dorъ (genitive plural)
doru (dative singular)
doroma (dative dual)
doromъ (dative plural)
dorъ (accusative singular)
dora (accusative dual)
dory (accusative plural)
dorъmь (instrumental singular)
doromь (instrumental singular)
doroma (dual instrumental)
dory (instrumental plural)
dorě (locative singular)
doru (dual locative)
dorěxъ (locative plural)
dore (singular vocative)
dora (dual vocative)
dori (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: доръ (dorŭ)

Belarusian: дор (dor, “plank”)

Russian: дор (dor) (dated)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian: (toponym)

Cyrillic script: Дор

Latin script: Dor

Action/result noun of Proto-Slavic *dьrati (“to tear, to flay”), reflecting Proto-Indo-European *dorH-ós from *der- (“to tear”). Cognate with Latvian nuõdaras pl (“plant bark”) (specifically: leftovers from plant flaying) and further Sanskrit दर (daráḥ, “cave, trench”), Ancient Greek δορός (dorós, “leather bag, sack”).


dьrpati

dьrpàti (canonical imperfective)
dьrpnǫti (perfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
dьrpanьje (noun-from-verb)
dьrpati (infinitive)
dьrpatъ (supine)
dьrpalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
dьrpanъ (participle passive past)
dьrpajemъ (participle passive present)
dьrpavъ (active participle past)
dьrpaję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
dьrpaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dьrpa (aorist second-person singular)
dьrpa (aorist singular third-person)
dьrpajǫ (first-person present singular)
dьrpaješi (present second-person singular)
dьrpajetь (present singular third-person)
dьrpaxově (aorist dual first-person)
dьrpasta (aorist dual second-person)
dьrpaste (aorist dual third-person)
dьrpajevě (dual first-person present)
dьrpajeta (dual present second-person)
dьrpajete (dual present third-person)
dьrpaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dьrpaste (aorist plural second-person)
dьrpašę (aorist plural third-person)
dьrpajemъ (first-person plural present)
dьrpajete (plural present second-person)
dьrpajǫtь (plural present third-person)
dьrpaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dьrpaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dьrpaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dьrpaji (imperative second-person singular)
dьrpaji (imperative singular third-person)
dьrpaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dьrpaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dьrpaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dьrpajivě (dual first-person imperative)
dьrpajita (dual imperative second-person)
dьrpaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dьrpaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dьrpaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dьrpajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dьrpajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: дъ́рпам (dǎ́rpam)

Macedonian: др́па (dŕpa)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: др́пати

Latin script: dŕpati

Slovene: dŕpati

From *dьràti (“to tear, to flay”) + *-pati.

(by extension) → to tear apart


dьrpъ

dьrpъ (nominative singular)
dьrpa (dual nominative)
dьrpi (nominative plural)
dьrpa (genitive singular)
dьrpu (dual genitive)
dьrpъ (genitive plural)
dьrpu (dative singular)
dьrpoma (dative dual)
dьrpomъ (dative plural)
dьrpъ (accusative singular)
dьrpa (accusative dual)
dьrpy (accusative plural)
dьrpъmь (instrumental singular)
dьrpomь (instrumental singular)
dьrpoma (dual instrumental)
dьrpy (instrumental plural)
dьrpě (locative singular)
dьrpu (dual locative)
dьrpěxъ (locative plural)
dьrpe (singular vocative)
dьrpa (dual vocative)
dьrpi (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

q

Bulgarian: дръп (drǎp) (often used as an interjection for Pull!)

Formed from the present stem of *derti (“to tear”) + *-pъ, from Proto-Indo-European *derH- (“to tear”).


bigrъ

bigrъ (nominative singular)
bigra (dual nominative)
bigri (nominative plural)
bigra (genitive singular)
bigru (dual genitive)
bigrъ (genitive plural)
bigru (dative singular)
bigroma (dative dual)
bigromъ (dative plural)
bigrъ (accusative singular)
bigra (accusative dual)
bigry (accusative plural)
bigrъmь (instrumental singular)
bigromь (instrumental singular)
bigroma (dual instrumental)
bigry (instrumental plural)
bigrě (locative singular)
bigru (dual locative)
bigrěxъ (locative plural)
bigre (singular vocative)
bigra (dual vocative)
bigri (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: би́гор (bígor)

Macedonian: бигор (bigor)

Serbo-Croatian: би̏гар

desc

⇒ Serbo-Croatian: Бигренац, Бигреница

⇒ Serbo-Croatian: Бигренац, Бигреница (toponyms in Eastern Serbia)

→ Romanian: Bigăr (in toponyms)

→ Slovak: bigar (via Romanian)

Mostly limited to South Slavic. Mladenov, Skok compare it with Albanian bigorr (“type of carstic formation”) and consider Pre-Slavic origin, possibly from a paleo-Balkan substrate. Compare futher Lithuanian bìgas (“tiny, crumbled”), baikštas (“timid”).
Likely unrelated to dialectal Russian би́гать (bígatʹ, “to dry out”).


dьrtъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *dьrtъ (hard)

Definite declension of *dьrtъ (hard)

dьrtъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
dьrta (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
dьrto (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
dьrta (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
dьrty (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
dьrta (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
dьrtu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
dьrtě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
dьrtu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
dьrtъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
dьrtǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
dьrto (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
dьrtomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
dьrtojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
dьrtomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
dьrtě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
dьrtě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
dьrtě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
dьrte (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
dьrto (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
dьrto (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
dьrta (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
dьrtě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
dьrtě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
dьrtu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
dьrtu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
dьrtu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
dьrtoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
dьrtama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
dьrtoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
dьrta (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
dьrtě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
dьrtě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
dьrtoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
dьrtama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
dьrtoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
dьrtu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
dьrtu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
dьrtu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
dьrta (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
dьrtě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
dьrtě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
dьrti (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
dьrty (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
dьrta (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
dьrtъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
dьrtъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
dьrtъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
dьrtomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
dьrtamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
dьrtomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
dьrty (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
dьrty (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
dьrta (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
dьrty (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
dьrtami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
dьrty (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
dьrtěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
dьrtaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
dьrtěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
dьrti (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
dьrty (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
dьrta (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
dьrtъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
dьrtaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
dьrtoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
dьrtajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
dьrtyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
dьrtajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
dьrtujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
dьrtěji (dative definite feminine singular)
dьrtujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
dьrtъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
dьrtǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
dьrtoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
dьrtyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
dьrtǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
dьrtyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
dьrtějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
dьrtěji (definite feminine locative singular)
dьrtějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
dьrtъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
dьrtaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
dьrtoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
dьrtaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
dьrtěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
dьrtěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
dьrtuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
dьrtuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
dьrtuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
dьrtyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
dьrtyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
dьrtyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
dьrtaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
dьrtěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
dьrtěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
dьrtyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
dьrtyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
dьrtyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
dьrtuju (definite dual locative masculine)
dьrtuju (definite dual feminine locative)
dьrtuju (definite dual locative neuter)
dьrtaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
dьrtěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
dьrtěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
dьrtiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
dьrtyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
dьrtaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
dьrtъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
dьrtъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
dьrtъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
dьrtyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
dьrtyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
dьrtyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
dьrtyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
dьrtyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
dьrtaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
dьrtyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
dьrtyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
dьrtyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
dьrtyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
dьrtyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
dьrtyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
dьrtiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
dьrtyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
dьrtaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: дърт (dǎrt)

Macedonian: дрт (drt)

Fossilized t-participle of *dьrati (“to tear”) + *-tъ.


drevьnъ

Indefinite declension of *drevьnъ (hard, accent paradigm c)

Definite declension of *drevьnъ (hard, accent paradigm c)

c (accent-paradigm)
drevьnъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
drevьna (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
drevьno (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
drevьna (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
drevьny (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
drevьna (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
drevьnu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
drevьně (dative feminine indefinite singular)
drevьnu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
drevьnъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
drevьnǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
drevьno (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
drevьnomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
drevьnojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
drevьnomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
drevьně (indefinite locative masculine singular)
drevьně (feminine indefinite locative singular)
drevьně (indefinite locative neuter singular)
drevьne (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
drevьno (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
drevьno (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
drevьna (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
drevьně (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
drevьně (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
drevьnu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
drevьnu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
drevьnu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
drevьnoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
drevьnama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
drevьnoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
drevьna (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
drevьně (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
drevьně (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
drevьnoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
drevьnama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
drevьnoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
drevьnu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
drevьnu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
drevьnu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
drevьna (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
drevьně (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
drevьně (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
drevьni (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
drevьny (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
drevьna (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
drevьnъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
drevьnъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
drevьnъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
drevьnomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
drevьnamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
drevьnomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
drevьny (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
drevьny (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
drevьna (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
drevьny (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
drevьnami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
drevьny (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
drevьněxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
drevьnaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
drevьněxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
drevьni (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
drevьny (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
drevьna (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
c (accent-paradigm)
drevьnъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
drevьnaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
drevьnoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
drevьnajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
drevьnyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
drevьnajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
drevьnujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
drevьněji (dative definite feminine singular)
drevьnujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
drevьnъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
drevьnǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
drevьnoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
drevьnyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
drevьnǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
drevьnyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
drevьnějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
drevьněji (definite feminine locative singular)
drevьnějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
drevьnъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
drevьnaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
drevьnoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
drevьnaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
drevьněji (definite dual feminine nominative)
drevьněji (definite dual neuter nominative)
drevьnuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
drevьnuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
drevьnuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
drevьnyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
drevьnyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
drevьnyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
drevьnaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
drevьněji (accusative definite dual feminine)
drevьněji (accusative definite dual neuter)
drevьnyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
drevьnyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
drevьnyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
drevьnuju (definite dual locative masculine)
drevьnuju (definite dual feminine locative)
drevьnuju (definite dual locative neuter)
drevьnaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
drevьněji (definite dual feminine vocative)
drevьněji (definite dual neuter vocative)
drevьniji (definite masculine nominative plural)
drevьnyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
drevьnaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
drevьnъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
drevьnъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
drevьnъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
drevьnyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
drevьnyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
drevьnyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
drevьnyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
drevьnyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
drevьnaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
drevьnyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
drevьnyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
drevьnyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
drevьnyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
drevьnyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
drevьnyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
drevьniji (definite masculine plural vocative)
drevьnyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
drevьnaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: древл̑ьн̑ь (drevl̑ĭn̑ĭ), древьнии (drevĭnii)

Belarusian: дрэ́ўні (dréŭni) (rare)

Russian: дре́вний (drévnij), дре́вный (drévnyj) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: дре́вній (drévnij)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: древьнъ (drevĭnŭ), древьн̑ь (drevĭn̑ĭ)

Bulgarian: дре́вен (dréven)

Macedonian: древен (dreven)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дре̑ван

Latin script: drȇvan

Slovene: dréven?

West Slavic:

Czech: dřevný

Polish: drzewiej (archaic)

Slovak: drevný

Formed from the adverb *drevľe (“ago”) + *-ьnъ, but beyond that - of disputed origin:
* Per Vasmer, Trubachev: from Proto-Indo-European *drewHís (“strong, robust”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *triwwiz (“true”) and akin to Lithuanian dravė́ti (“to gouge, to hollow”). Georgiev also relates it to Sanskrit द्रवति (dravati, “to run, to flee”), Ancient Greek δρᾰ́ω (dráō, “to take action”) from Proto-Indo-European *drewh₂-, however, Vasmer finds that comparison doubtful.
* Per Trubachev: possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrew-, an extension of Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold”). Akin to Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰruwás (“fixated, firm, stable”), Latin firmus (“firm”). Likely related to the sparsely attested Proto-Slavic *druti (“to withstand, to endure”).


čǫbьrъ

čǫbьrъ (nominative singular)
čǫbьra (dual nominative)
čǫbьri (nominative plural)
čǫbьra (genitive singular)
čǫbьru (dual genitive)
čǫbьrъ (genitive plural)
čǫbьru (dative singular)
čǫbьroma (dative dual)
čǫbьromъ (dative plural)
čǫbьrъ (accusative singular)
čǫbьra (accusative dual)
čǫbьry (accusative plural)
čǫbьrъmь (instrumental singular)
čǫbьromь (instrumental singular)
čǫbьroma (dual instrumental)
čǫbьry (instrumental plural)
čǫbьrě (locative singular)
čǫbьru (dual locative)
čǫbьrěxъ (locative plural)
čǫbьre (singular vocative)
čǫbьra (dual vocative)
čǫbьri (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: чабьръ (čabĭrŭ)

Belarusian: чабо́р (čabór), gen. чабару́ (čabarú)

desctree

Russian: ча́бер (čáber), чабёр (čabjór)
→ Latvian: cēberiņš
→ Lithuanian: čiõbras, čiobrẽlis

desc

Ukrainian: чабе́р (čabér), ча́брик (čábryk), че́бер (čéber), че́брик (čébryk) — dialectal

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: чу́брица (čúbrica), чу́брика (čúbrika) (dialectal), чомбри́ца (čombríca) (dialectal, with decomposed nasalism)

→ Czech: čubrica

Macedonian: чубрика (čubrika)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: чу̏бар

Latin script: čȕbar

Slovene: čǫ́bər

West Slavic:

Old Czech: čubr, čibr

Czech: čabr, čubr, čibr

Polish: cząber

Old Slovak: štúber

Presumably to be connected to Ancient Greek θύμβρον (thúmbron), θύμβρα (thúmbra, “savory”), as also Romanian cimbru, Hungarian csombord.

Migration Period
Vowel reduction in Russian


dьrnъ

dь̀rnъ (canonical masculine)
dьrnъ (nominative singular)
dьrna (dual nominative)
dьrni (nominative plural)
dьrna (genitive singular)
dьrnu (dual genitive)
dьrnъ (genitive plural)
dьrnu (dative singular)
dьrnoma (dative dual)
dьrnomъ (dative plural)
dьrnъ (accusative singular)
dьrna (accusative dual)
dьrny (accusative plural)
dьrnъmь (instrumental singular)
dьrnomь (instrumental singular)
dьrnoma (dual instrumental)
dьrny (instrumental plural)
dьrně (locative singular)
dьrnu (dual locative)
dьrněxъ (locative plural)
dьrne (singular vocative)
dьrna (dual vocative)
dьrni (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дернъ (dernŭ)

Russian: дёрн (djorn), дерн (dern)

Ukrainian: де́рен (déren)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: дрьнъ (drĭnŭ)

Bulgarian: дръ́н (drǎ́n), дъ́рн (dǎ́rn)

Macedonian: дрн (drn)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дрн (“sea rock”) (archaic)

Latin script: drn (“sea rock”) (archaic)

Slovene: dr̄n, arch. dȑn

West Slavic:

Czech: drn

Polish: darń (from i-stem)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: dorn

Lower Sorbian: dern m, derno n

Fossilized n-participle of *dьrati (“to tear”) + *-nъ, from Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to tear”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *turnaz (“bitter; anger, wrath”) and akin to Sanskrit दीर्ण (dīrṇa, “scattered”), Sanskrit दृणाति (dṛṇāti, “to tear, to burst”).


dьrcati

dьrcàti (canonical imperfective)
dьrcnǫti (perfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
dьrcanьje (noun-from-verb)
dьrcati (infinitive)
dьrcatъ (supine)
dьrcalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
dьrcanъ (participle passive past)
dьrcajemъ (participle passive present)
dьrcavъ (active participle past)
dьrcaję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
dьrcaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dьrca (aorist second-person singular)
dьrca (aorist singular third-person)
dьrcajǫ (first-person present singular)
dьrcaješi (present second-person singular)
dьrcajetь (present singular third-person)
dьrcaxově (aorist dual first-person)
dьrcasta (aorist dual second-person)
dьrcaste (aorist dual third-person)
dьrcajevě (dual first-person present)
dьrcajeta (dual present second-person)
dьrcajete (dual present third-person)
dьrcaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dьrcaste (aorist plural second-person)
dьrcašę (aorist plural third-person)
dьrcajemъ (first-person plural present)
dьrcajete (plural present second-person)
dьrcajǫtь (plural present third-person)
dьrcaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dьrcaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dьrcaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dьrcaji (imperative second-person singular)
dьrcaji (imperative singular third-person)
dьrcaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dьrcaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dьrcaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dьrcajivě (dual first-person imperative)
dьrcajita (dual imperative second-person)
dьrcaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dьrcaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dьrcaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dьrcajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dьrcajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: дъ́рцам (dǎ́rcam)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: др̏цати, др́цати

Latin script: dȑcati, dŕcati

West Slavic:

Czech: drcati

Slovak: drcať

Expressive derivative of *dьràti (“to tear, to flay”) + *-cati.


dьrkati

dьrkàti (canonical imperfective)
dьrknǫti (perfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
dьrkanьje (noun-from-verb)
dьrkati (infinitive)
dьrkatъ (supine)
dьrkalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
dьrkanъ (participle passive past)
dьrkajemъ (participle passive present)
dьrkavъ (active participle past)
dьrkaję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
dьrkaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dьrka (aorist second-person singular)
dьrka (aorist singular third-person)
dьrkajǫ (first-person present singular)
dьrkaješi (present second-person singular)
dьrkajetь (present singular third-person)
dьrkaxově (aorist dual first-person)
dьrkasta (aorist dual second-person)
dьrkaste (aorist dual third-person)
dьrkajevě (dual first-person present)
dьrkajeta (dual present second-person)
dьrkajete (dual present third-person)
dьrkaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dьrkaste (aorist plural second-person)
dьrkašę (aorist plural third-person)
dьrkajemъ (first-person plural present)
dьrkajete (plural present second-person)
dьrkajǫtь (plural present third-person)
dьrkaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dьrkaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dьrkaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dьrkaji (imperative second-person singular)
dьrkaji (imperative singular third-person)
dьrkaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dьrkaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dьrkaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dьrkajivě (dual first-person imperative)
dьrkajita (dual imperative second-person)
dьrkaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dьrkaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dьrkaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dьrkajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dьrkajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: де́ркати (dérkaty)

South Slavic:

Slovene: dȓkati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: drkati

Slovak: drkať (dialectal)

Expressive derivative of *dьràti (“to tear, to flay”) + *-kati.


dьrča

dь̃rča (canonical feminine)
b (accent-paradigm)
dь̃rča (nominative singular)
dь̃rči (dual nominative)
dь̃rčę̇ (nominative plural)
dь̃rčę̇ (genitive singular)
dь̃rču (dual genitive)
dь̃rčь (genitive plural)
dь̃rči (dative singular)
dь̃rčama (dative dual)
dь̃rčamъ (dative plural)
dь̃rčǫ (accusative singular)
dь̃rči (accusative dual)
dь̃rčę̇ (accusative plural)
dь̃rčejǫ (instrumental singular)
dь̃rčǫ (instrumental singular)
dь̃rčama (dual instrumental)
dь̃rčamī (instrumental plural)
dь̃rči (locative singular)
dь̃rču (dual locative)
dь̃rčasъ (locative plural)
dь̃rčaxъ (locative plural)
dьrče (singular vocative)
dь̃rči (dual vocative)
dь̃rčę̇ (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: дръ́ча (drǎ́ča), дъ́рца (dǎ́rca) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian: др́ц m (colloquial, in Torlak dialects)

Action noun of *dьrkati (“to pluck, to tug”) + *-ja, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to tear, to split”).


dьrča

dь̀rča (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
dь̀rča (nominative singular)
dь̀rči (dual nominative)
dь̀rčę̇ (nominative plural)
dь̀rčę̇ (genitive singular)
dь̀rču (dual genitive)
dь̀rčь (genitive plural)
dь̀rčī (dative singular)
dь̀rčama (dative dual)
dь̀rčāmъ (dative plural)
dь̀rčǫ (accusative singular)
dь̀rči (accusative dual)
dь̀rčę̇ (accusative plural)
dь̀rčējǫ (instrumental singular)
dь̀rčǭ (instrumental singular)
dь̀rčama (dual instrumental)
dь̀rčāmī (instrumental plural)
dь̀rčī (locative singular)
dь̀rču (dual locative)
dь̀rčāsъ (locative plural)
dь̀rče (singular vocative)
dь̀rči (dual vocative)
dь̀rčę̇ (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: дъ́рча (dǎ́rča) (dialectal)

Macedonian: дрча (drča)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: др̏ча, др̑ча (dialectal)

Latin script: dȑča, dȓča (dialectal)

Slovene: dŕča

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dírkjāˀ.
According to BER, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerk- (“to dim, to darken”). Likely related to Lithuanian darkùs (“dirty, nasty, bad (for weather)”), Latvian dārks (“spotted, variegarted”). Further akin to Proto-West Germanic *derk (“dark”), Proto-Celtic *dergos (“crimson”), Tocharian A tärkär/Tocharian B tarkär (“cloud”) from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerg- (“to darken”), apparently a variation of *dʰerk- (compare Lithuanian der̃kti (“to make dirty”) and Lithuanian dérgti (“to soil, to defile”)).
Snoj nonetheless connects *dьrča with *dьrkati, identical to Etymology 1.

cog

drězga

murky, densely packed space; bush, hurst


marěna

a (accent-paradigm)
marěna (nominative singular)
marěně (dual nominative)
marěny (nominative plural)
marěny (genitive singular)
marěnu (dual genitive)
marěnъ (genitive plural)
marěně (dative singular)
marěnama (dative dual)
marěnamъ (dative plural)
marěnǫ (accusative singular)
marěně (accusative dual)
marěny (accusative plural)
marěnojǫ (instrumental singular)
marěnǭ (instrumental singular)
marěnama (dual instrumental)
marěnamī (instrumental plural)
marěně (locative singular)
marěnu (dual locative)
marěnasъ (locative plural)
marěnaxъ (locative plural)
marěno (singular vocative)
marěně (dual vocative)
marěny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Belarusian: марэ́на (maréna), мару́на (marúna)

Russian: маре́на (maréna), also however марена́ (marená) (and written without ѣ pre-1918)

Ukrainian: маре́на (maréna), мару́на (marúna)

→ Romanian: mărună

South Slavic: —

→? Albanian: marenë

West Slavic:

Czech: mařena, mořena

Old Polish: marzanna, marzawa

Polish: marzana, marzanna

Slovak: marena

Unknown. Perchance related to *marati (“to stain, to sully”). It might be a substrate word spread from Poland and only late, while comparisons with other Indo-European words are difficult and prone to chance correspondence. However it has terminally ousted the other Slavic word for madder, *broščь, by the end of the Early Modern Age.


brъzgati

brъzganьje (noun-from-verb)
brъzgati (infinitive)
brъzgatъ (supine)
brъzgalъ (l-participle)
brъzganъ (participle passive past)
brъzgajemъ (participle passive present)
brъzgavъ (active participle past)
brъzgaję (active participle present)
brъzgaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
brъzga (aorist second-person singular)
brъzga (aorist singular third-person)
brъzgajǫ (first-person present singular)
brъzgaješi (present second-person singular)
brъzgajetь (present singular third-person)
brъzgaxově (aorist dual first-person)
brъzgasta (aorist dual second-person)
brъzgaste (aorist dual third-person)
brъzgajevě (dual first-person present)
brъzgajeta (dual present second-person)
brъzgajete (dual present third-person)
brъzgaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
brъzgaste (aorist plural second-person)
brъzgašę (aorist plural third-person)
brъzgajemъ (first-person plural present)
brъzgajete (plural present second-person)
brъzgajǫtь (plural present third-person)
brъzgaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
brъzgaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
brъzgaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
brъzgaji (imperative second-person singular)
brъzgaji (imperative singular third-person)
brъzgaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
brъzgaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
brъzgaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
brъzgajivě (dual first-person imperative)
brъzgajita (dual imperative second-person)
brъzgaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
brъzgaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
brъzgaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
brъzgajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
brъzgajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бръ́згам (brǎ́zgam, “to strew; to burst”) (dialectal)

Macedonian: брзга (brzga, “to gush, to splatter”)

West Slavic:

Slovak: brzgať

Probably onomatopoeic, related to *bryzgati. Analogous grade variation is also observed in Southern *prъskati : Northern *pryskati (both “to splash, to spray”). Formally equivalent to Lithuanian brũzgât (“to snort”), perhaps of shared origin (compare further Proto-Indo-European *bʰrew- (“to brew”)).
BER joins the meanings to strew (ръся) with to burst, to spew (пръскам), however, the later sense may also reflect *brьzgati.

(intransitive) to popple → to strew, to drizzle (for liquid)

(reflexive) (+ *sę) to burst, to spew (for liquid, mucus)


broščь

bròščь (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
bròščь (nominative singular)
broščì (dual nominative)
bròščьjē (nominative plural)
bròšči (genitive singular)
bròščьju (dual genitive)
broščь̀jь (genitive plural)
broščì (dative singular)
bròščьma (dative dual)
broščь̀mъ (dative plural)
bròščь (accusative singular)
broščì (accusative dual)
broščì (accusative plural)
broščь̀mь (instrumental singular)
bròščьma (dual instrumental)
bròščьmī (instrumental plural)
bròšči (locative singular)
bròščьju (dual locative)
broščь̀xъ (locative plural)
brošči (singular vocative)
broščì (dual vocative)
bròščьjē (plural vocative)
b (accent-paradigm)
bròščь (nominative singular)
broščà (dual nominative)
broščì (nominative plural)
broščà (genitive singular)
broščù (dual genitive)
bròščь (genitive plural)
broščù (dative singular)
broščèma (dative dual)
bròščemъ (dative plural)
bròščь (accusative singular)
broščà (accusative dual)
broščę̇̀ (accusative plural)
broščь̀mь (instrumental singular)
broščèmь (instrumental singular)
broščèma (dual instrumental)
bròšči (instrumental plural)
broščì (locative singular)
broščù (dual locative)
bròščixъ (locative plural)
brošču (singular vocative)
broščà (dual vocative)
broščì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: брощь (broščĭ)

q

Russian: брощи (brošči) (dialectal, only attested in plural form, obsolete)

Ukrainian: бріч (brič) (gen. броча́ (bročá)) (obsolete)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: брощь (broštĭ) (attested since 12 cent.)

Bulgarian: брош (broš)

Macedonian: брошт (brošt)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бро̏ћ

Latin script: brȍć

Slovene: bròč, bròšč

West Slavic:

Old Czech: broc

Czech: broť (obsolete)

Old Polish: broszcz

Polish: brocz (obsolete)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: broć (obsolete)

Uncertain. Per Trubachev, from an unattested *broskati + *-tь. Both i-stem and yo-stem declension are attested among descendants.
Based on semantic similarities, may reflect pre-Slavic *bro(z)gtь from the sparsely attested Proto-Slavic *brьzgati (“to burst”)/*bražiti (“to decompose, to disintegrate (for organic materials)”) + *-ťь, akin to East Slavic *braga (“pre-distilled alcohol mixture, must”). Possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreHg- (“to stink”).

broťiti

to redden, to dye red; to sparkle with blood

(by extension) → rouge, ingredient for red dye

brightly colored cladding/welt (in embroidery)


brězgati

brězgnǫti (perfective)
brězganьje (noun-from-verb)
brězgati (infinitive)
brězgatъ (supine)
brězgalъ (l-participle)
brězganъ (participle passive past)
brězgajemъ (participle passive present)
brězgavъ (active participle past)
brězgaję (active participle present)
brězgaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
brězga (aorist second-person singular)
brězga (aorist singular third-person)
brězgajǫ (first-person present singular)
brězgaješi (present second-person singular)
brězgajetь (present singular third-person)
brězgaxově (aorist dual first-person)
brězgasta (aorist dual second-person)
brězgaste (aorist dual third-person)
brězgajevě (dual first-person present)
brězgajeta (dual present second-person)
brězgajete (dual present third-person)
brězgaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
brězgaste (aorist plural second-person)
brězgašę (aorist plural third-person)
brězgajemъ (first-person plural present)
brězgajete (plural present second-person)
brězgajǫtь (plural present third-person)
brězgaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
brězgaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
brězgaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
brězgaji (imperative second-person singular)
brězgaji (imperative singular third-person)
brězgaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
brězgaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
brězgaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
brězgajivě (dual first-person imperative)
brězgajita (dual imperative second-person)
brězgaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
brězgaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
brězgaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
brězgajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
brězgajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: брѣзгати (brězgati)

Russian: брезга́ть (brezgátʹ)

Ukrainian: бре́згати (brézhaty)

Possibly a dialectal variation of *brьzgati, attested only in East Slavic. Perhaps, reflects the inchoative of Proto-Indo-European *bʰreHg- (“to rot, to stink”) + *-skati. Could be akin to Proto-Germanic *brēkijaną (“to stink”), Proto-Celtic *bragyeti (“flatulate”).

→ (by extension) to be disgusted


brězgati

West Slavic:

Slovak: brizgac (dialectal)

Derived from *brězgъ (“dawn, daybreak”) + *-ati. Probably related to Proto-Germanic *berhtaz (“bright”), Proto-Celtic *berxtos (“bright”), Sanskrit भ्राजते (bhrājate), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵ- (“to gleam”) (in the case of Slavic - metathesized).


brьzgati

brьzgnǫti (perfective)
brьzganьje (noun-from-verb)
brьzgati (infinitive)
brьzgatъ (supine)
brьzgalъ (l-participle)
brьzganъ (participle passive past)
brьzgajemъ (participle passive present)
brьzgavъ (active participle past)
brьzgaję (active participle present)
brьzgaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
brьzga (aorist second-person singular)
brьzga (aorist singular third-person)
brьzgajǫ (first-person present singular)
brьzgaješi (present second-person singular)
brьzgajetь (present singular third-person)
brьzgaxově (aorist dual first-person)
brьzgasta (aorist dual second-person)
brьzgaste (aorist dual third-person)
brьzgajevě (dual first-person present)
brьzgajeta (dual present second-person)
brьzgajete (dual present third-person)
brьzgaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
brьzgaste (aorist plural second-person)
brьzgašę (aorist plural third-person)
brьzgajemъ (first-person plural present)
brьzgajete (plural present second-person)
brьzgajǫtь (plural present third-person)
brьzgaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
brьzgaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
brьzgaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
brьzgaji (imperative second-person singular)
brьzgaji (imperative singular third-person)
brьzgaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
brьzgaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
brьzgaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
brьzgajivě (dual first-person imperative)
brьzgajita (dual imperative second-person)
brьzgaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
brьzgaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
brьzgaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
brьzgajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
brьzgajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Ukrainian: бре́згати (brézhaty, “to stale”), збре́зкнути (zbrézknuty, “to disdain”)

South Slavic:

⇒ Bulgarian: бръждя́ (brǎždjá, “to taste tarry”) (< *brьždžati)

Per Trubačev (ESSJa), likely a 0-grade variant of *brězgati. Melnychuk (in context to the Ukranian descendants) considers denominal origin from Proto-Slavic *brězgъ, *brьzgъ.
Compare also dial. Bulgarian бръ́згам (brǎ́zgam, “to spew, to leak (for mucus, pus)”) (primarily “to strew, to sprinkle” apparently from *brъzgati).

cog

to brisk, to poign, to disdain (for taste)


bryzgati

brỳzgati (canonical imperfective)
bryzgnǫti (perfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
bryzganьje (noun-from-verb)
bryzgati (infinitive)
bryzgatъ (supine)
bryzgalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
bryzganъ (participle passive past)
bryzgajemъ (participle passive present)
bryzgavъ (active participle past)
bryzgaję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
bryzgaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
bryzga (aorist second-person singular)
bryzga (aorist singular third-person)
bryzgajǫ (first-person present singular)
bryzgaješi (present second-person singular)
bryzgajetь (present singular third-person)
bryzgaxově (aorist dual first-person)
bryzgasta (aorist dual second-person)
bryzgaste (aorist dual third-person)
bryzgajevě (dual first-person present)
bryzgajeta (dual present second-person)
bryzgajete (dual present third-person)
bryzgaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bryzgaste (aorist plural second-person)
bryzgašę (aorist plural third-person)
bryzgajemъ (first-person plural present)
bryzgajete (plural present second-person)
bryzgajǫtь (plural present third-person)
bryzgaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bryzgaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bryzgaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bryzgaji (imperative second-person singular)
bryzgaji (imperative singular third-person)
bryzgaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bryzgaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bryzgaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bryzgajivě (dual first-person imperative)
bryzgajita (dual imperative second-person)
bryzgaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bryzgaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bryzgaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bryzgajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bryzgajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: бры́згаць (brýzhacʹ)

Russian: бры́згать (brýzgatʹ)

desc

Ukrainian: бри́згати (brýzhaty), бри́зкати (brýzkaty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бри́ждя (bríždja)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бри̏згати

Latin script: brȉzgati

Slovene: brȋzgati

West Slavic:

Czech: brýzhati

Polish: bryzgać

Slovak: brýzgať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: bryzgaś

Per ESSJa, likely of onomatopoeic origin, probably a dialectal variation of *brъzgati. A similar grade variation is observed in South-Central Slavic *prъskati : Northern Slavic *pryskati (“to spray”).
Morphologically equivalent of Proto-Slavic *brudъ (“mud, dirt”) / *brugъ (unattested) + *-skati, ultimately an extension of Proto-Indo-European *bʰrew- (“to brew”).


prǫdъkъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *prǫdъkъ (hard)

Definite declension of *prǫdъkъ (hard)

prǫdъkъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
prǫdъka (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
prǫdъko (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
prǫdъka (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
prǫdъky (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
prǫdъka (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
prǫdъku (dative indefinite masculine singular)
prǫdъkě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
prǫdъku (dative indefinite neuter singular)
prǫdъkъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
prǫdъkǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
prǫdъko (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
prǫdъkomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
prǫdъkojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
prǫdъkomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
prǫdъkě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
prǫdъkě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
prǫdъkě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
prǫdъke (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
prǫdъko (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
prǫdъko (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
prǫdъka (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
prǫdъkě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
prǫdъkě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
prǫdъku (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
prǫdъku (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
prǫdъku (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
prǫdъkoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
prǫdъkama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
prǫdъkoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
prǫdъka (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
prǫdъkě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
prǫdъkě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
prǫdъkoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
prǫdъkama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
prǫdъkoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
prǫdъku (dual indefinite locative masculine)
prǫdъku (dual feminine indefinite locative)
prǫdъku (dual indefinite locative neuter)
prǫdъka (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
prǫdъkě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
prǫdъkě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
prǫdъki (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
prǫdъky (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
prǫdъka (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
prǫdъkъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
prǫdъkъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
prǫdъkъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
prǫdъkomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
prǫdъkamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
prǫdъkomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
prǫdъky (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
prǫdъky (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
prǫdъka (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
prǫdъky (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
prǫdъkami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
prǫdъky (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
prǫdъkěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
prǫdъkaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
prǫdъkěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
prǫdъki (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
prǫdъky (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
prǫdъka (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
prǫdъkъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
prǫdъkaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
prǫdъkoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
prǫdъkajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
prǫdъkyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
prǫdъkajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
prǫdъkujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
prǫdъkěji (dative definite feminine singular)
prǫdъkujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
prǫdъkъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
prǫdъkǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
prǫdъkoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
prǫdъkyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
prǫdъkǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
prǫdъkyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
prǫdъkějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
prǫdъkěji (definite feminine locative singular)
prǫdъkějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
prǫdъkъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
prǫdъkaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
prǫdъkoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
prǫdъkaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
prǫdъkěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
prǫdъkěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
prǫdъkuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
prǫdъkuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
prǫdъkuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
prǫdъkyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
prǫdъkyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
prǫdъkyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
prǫdъkaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
prǫdъkěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
prǫdъkěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
prǫdъkyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
prǫdъkyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
prǫdъkyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
prǫdъkuju (definite dual locative masculine)
prǫdъkuju (definite dual feminine locative)
prǫdъkuju (definite dual locative neuter)
prǫdъkaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
prǫdъkěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
prǫdъkěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
prǫdъkiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
prǫdъkyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
prǫdъkaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
prǫdъkъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
prǫdъkъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
prǫdъkъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
prǫdъkyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
prǫdъkyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
prǫdъkyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
prǫdъkyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
prǫdъkyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
prǫdъkaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
prǫdъkyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
prǫdъkyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
prǫdъkyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
prǫdъkyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
prǫdъkyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
prǫdъkyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
prǫdъkiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
prǫdъkyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
prǫdъkaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: пру́дкі (prúdki)

Russian: пру́дкий (prúdkij) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: прудки́й (prudkýj)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: пръд (prǎd), пруд (prud) (o-stem)

Slovene: pródek

West Slavic:

Kashubian: prãdczi

Old Czech: prudký

Czech: prudký

Old Polish: prędki

Polish: prędki

Silesian: pryndki

Slovak: prudký


dьrčati

dьrčàti (canonical imperfective)
dьrčanьje (noun-from-verb)
dьrčati (infinitive)
dьrčatъ (supine)
dьrčalъ (l-participle)
dьrčanъ (participle passive past)
dьrčajemъ (participle passive present)
dьrčavъ (active participle past)
dьrčaję (active participle present)
dьrčaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dьrča (aorist second-person singular)
dьrča (aorist singular third-person)
dьrčajǫ (first-person present singular)
dьrčaješi (present second-person singular)
dьrčajetь (present singular third-person)
dьrčaxově (aorist dual first-person)
dьrčasta (aorist dual second-person)
dьrčaste (aorist dual third-person)
dьrčajevě (dual first-person present)
dьrčajeta (dual present second-person)
dьrčajete (dual present third-person)
dьrčaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dьrčaste (aorist plural second-person)
dьrčašę (aorist plural third-person)
dьrčajemъ (first-person plural present)
dьrčajete (plural present second-person)
dьrčajǫtь (plural present third-person)
dьrčaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dьrčaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dьrčaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dьrčaji (imperative second-person singular)
dьrčaji (imperative singular third-person)
dьrčaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dьrčaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dьrčaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dьrčajivě (dual first-person imperative)
dьrčajita (dual imperative second-person)
dьrčaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dьrčaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dьrčaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dьrčajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dьrčajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: дерча́ти (derčáty)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: др̀чати, др́чати

Latin script: dr̀čati, dŕčati

Slovene: drčáti (“to slip”)

West Slavic:

Czech: drčeti

Onomatopoeic verb, formed as *dьrkati (“to growl, to tug, to pluck”) + *-ěti. Equivalent to *dьrati (“to tear”) + *-čati, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to tear, to split”).
The different accente (short raising tone on the root in some dialects and long raising on the ending in others) as well as the difference in meaning may indicate that there are two distinct lemmas behind *dьrčati.


nъťьvy

nъťьvy (nominative plural)
nъťьvъ (genitive plural)
nъťьvamъ (dative plural)
nъťьvy (accusative plural)
nъťьvami (instrumental plural)
nъťьvasъ (locative plural)
nъťьvaxъ (locative plural)
nъťьvy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: нъчьвꙑ (nŭčĭvy), ночьвꙑ (nočĭvy)

Old Ruthenian: но́чвы f pl (nóčvy), ночо́вки (nočóvki)

Belarusian: но́чвы f pl (nóčvy), начо́ўкі (načóŭki)

Ukrainian: но́чви f pl (nóčvy), ночо́вки (nočóvky)

Russian: но́чвы́ f pl (nóčvý), ночо́вки (nočóvki), ночёвки (nočóvki)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: нъштвꙑ f pl (nŭštvy), нъштви f pl (nŭštvi)

Bulgarian: но̀щвѝ f pl (nòštvì); dialectally нъ́щви f pl (nǎ́štvi), нъшки́ f pl (nǎškí), нъ́чви f pl (nǎ́čvi), но́кви f pl (nókvi), ношкови́ f pl (noškoví), нъщови́ f pl (nǎštoví), но̀щовѝ f pl (nòštovì), не́шкеви f pl (néškevi) and others

Macedonian: ноќви f pl (noḱvi), ношви f pl (nošvi) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: на̏ћве f pl

Latin script: nȁćve f pl

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: nəčkẹ̑, nəškẹ̑, nəčvẹ̑ f pl (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: necky f pl

Lechitic:

Old Polish: niecki f pl

Polish: niecki f pl; also niecka f sg

→ Ukrainian: не́цьки f pl (nécʹky)

Polabian: nacṭai f pl

Slovincian: njêchy f pl

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: ńacki, ńecki f pl

Upper Sorbian: mjecki f pl

Perchance from Proto-Indo-European *neygʷ- (“to wash”).

tray, trough, wooden tub wherein one performs household jobs


drězga

drězgà (canonical feminine)
drězga (nominative singular)
drězdzě (dual nominative)
drězgy (nominative plural)
drězgy (genitive singular)
drězgu (dual genitive)
drězgъ (genitive plural)
drězdzě (dative singular)
drězgama (dative dual)
drězgamъ (dative plural)
drězgǫ (accusative singular)
drězdzě (accusative dual)
drězgy (accusative plural)
drězgojǫ (instrumental singular)
drězgǫ (instrumental singular)
drězgama (dual instrumental)
drězgami (instrumental plural)
drězdzě (locative singular)
drězgu (dual locative)
drězgasъ (locative plural)
drězgaxъ (locative plural)
drězgo (singular vocative)
drězdzě (dual vocative)
drězgy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: дрезга́ (drezgá) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: дрезга́ (drezgá, “small murky/dense forest”)

Macedonian: дрезга (drezga, “water-parsnip”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дре̑зга, дре̏зга (“watermilfoil”)

Latin script: drijezga

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dřiezha

Polish: drzazga (“splinter”), dial. drzezga

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *drēˀgskāˀ. Equivalent to *drěgavъ (“murky, turbid”) + *-zgъ + *-a.
Seems to be related with the nasalized *dręzga (“scuffle; dense forest”). Similar alternation between plain and nasalized roots is encountered also in Baltic: compare Lithuanian drėgnas (“damp, wet, moist”) and Latvian drę̂gns (“damp, moist”), Lithuanian drangus (“rainy, bad (for weather)”). Based on Derksen, it could be speculated that all these terms continue Proto-Indo-European *dʰerg-/*dʰreg- (“dark, dim”). Akin to Proto-West Germanic *derk (“dark”), Proto-Celtic *dergos (“crimson”), Tocharian A tärkär/Tocharian B tarkär (“cloud”).

cog

→ dense shrubs or grove

sort of hydrophilic plant (watermilfoil or water-parsnip)


dręzga

dręzga (nominative singular)
dręzdzě (dual nominative)
dręzgy (nominative plural)
dręzgy (genitive singular)
dręzgu (dual genitive)
dręzgъ (genitive plural)
dręzdzě (dative singular)
dręzgama (dative dual)
dręzgamъ (dative plural)
dręzgǫ (accusative singular)
dręzdzě (accusative dual)
dręzgy (accusative plural)
dręzgojǫ (instrumental singular)
dręzgǫ (instrumental singular)
dręzgama (dual instrumental)
dręzgami (instrumental plural)
dręzdzě (locative singular)
dręzgu (dual locative)
dręzgasъ (locative plural)
dręzgaxъ (locative plural)
dręzgo (singular vocative)
dręzdzě (dual vocative)
dręzgy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: дрязги (drjazgi)

South Slavic:

q

either from Russian or a back-formation from <i class="Latn mention" lang="sla-pro">*dręzgavъ</i>

Bulgarian: дрязга (drjazga) (either from Russian or a back-formation from *dręzgavъ)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *drenskāˀ, of onomatopoeic origin, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰren- (“to buzz”) + *-zgъ.
Probably related to Sanskrit ध्रणति (dhráṇati, “to sound”), Old Irish drésacht (“crackling, noise”), German trensen (“to make a prolonged moo”), Dutch drenzen (“to moan”), Ancient Greek θρῆνος (thrênos, “lamentation for the deceased”), Proto-Germanic *drēnuz (“drone”), Gothic 𐌳𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌿𐍃 (drunjus, “sound”), Old Prussian droanse (“corncrake”).


dręzga

drę̀zga (canonical feminine)
dręzga (nominative singular)
dręzdzě (dual nominative)
dręzgy (nominative plural)
dręzgy (genitive singular)
dręzgu (dual genitive)
dręzgъ (genitive plural)
dręzdzě (dative singular)
dręzgama (dative dual)
dręzgamъ (dative plural)
dręzgǫ (accusative singular)
dręzdzě (accusative dual)
dręzgy (accusative plural)
dręzgojǫ (instrumental singular)
dręzgǫ (instrumental singular)
dręzgama (dual instrumental)
dręzgami (instrumental plural)
dręzdzě (locative singular)
dręzgu (dual locative)
dręzgasъ (locative plural)
dręzgaxъ (locative plural)
dręzgo (singular vocative)
dręzdzě (dual vocative)
dręzgy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: дря́згa (drjázga)

Ukrainian: дрáзгa (drázha) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: дрѧзга

desc

Bulgarian: дре́зга (drézga), дрезга́ (drezgá)

q

⇒ Bulgarian: дрезда́к (drezdák), dial. дръзда́к (drǎzdák) (via dissimilation of *-zg- > *-zd- next to *-k-)

West Slavic:

Polish: drzęzg m (dialectal)

Slovak: drezka (“snot, branch”)

Sorbian:

desc

⇒ Upper Sorbian: Drežďany (“forest dwellers”)

→ German: Dresden

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *drengskāˀ, probably equivalent to the e-grade of *drǫgъ (“pole, branch”) + *-zgъ + *-a, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreng- (“to shove, to drink”)/*dʰrengʰ- (“stake”). Possibly akin to Lithuanian dréngti (“to tear, to rub”) and Proto-Germanic *drankiz (“sth gulped/shoved in one's mouth, drink”), Proto-Germanic *drangijaz (“stake”). In some dialects overlapping with Proto-Slavic *drězga (“murky, muddy place”).
Semantically similar to *dьraka (“bush, scrubs”) but the two are likely unrelated.


diřa

dìřa (canonical feminine)
diřa (nominative singular)
diři (dual nominative)
diřę̇ (nominative plural)
diřę̇ (genitive singular)
diřu (dual genitive)
diřь (genitive plural)
diři (dative singular)
diřama (dative dual)
diřamъ (dative plural)
diřǫ (accusative singular)
diři (accusative dual)
diřę̇ (accusative plural)
diřejǫ (instrumental singular)
diřǫ (instrumental singular)
diřama (dual instrumental)
diřami (instrumental plural)
diři (locative singular)
diřu (dual locative)
diřasъ (locative plural)
diřaxъ (locative plural)
diře (singular vocative)
diři (dual vocative)
diřę̇ (plural vocative)

From the intensive stem *dir- + *-ja of Proto-Slavic *dьrati (“to tear”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to tear”).


děra

dě̄rà (canonical feminine)
b (accent-paradigm)
dě̄rà (nominative singular)
dě̃rě (dual nominative)
dě̄rỳ (nominative plural)
dě̄rỳ (genitive singular)
dě̄rù (dual genitive)
dě̃rъ (genitive plural)
dě̄rě̀ (dative singular)
dě̄ràma (dative dual)
dě̄ràmъ (dative plural)
dě̄rǫ̀ (accusative singular)
dě̃rě (accusative dual)
dě̄rỳ (accusative plural)
dě̄ròjǫ (instrumental singular)
dě̃rǫ (instrumental singular)
dě̄ràma (dual instrumental)
dě̄ràmī (instrumental plural)
dě̄rě̀ (locative singular)
dě̄rù (dual locative)
dě̄ràsъ (locative plural)
dě̄ràxъ (locative plural)
děro (singular vocative)
dě̃rě (dual vocative)
dě̄rỳ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дѣра (děra)

Old Ruthenian: дѣра́ (děrá)

Ukrainian: діра́ (dirá)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: diera

Czech: díra

Slovincian: dzéra

Slovak: diera

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: dźěra

Lower Sorbian: źěra

Enlonged grade of *derti (“to tear”) + *-a, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to tear”).


-zgъ

Most likely a voiced doublet of Proto-Slavic *-skъ, occurring in roots ending in a voiced consonant or in expressive roots - for emphasis.
Also appears as a root coda in words such as Proto-Slavic *mozgъ (“brain”), Proto-Slavic *drozgъ (“thrush”) from Proto-Indo-European *-sgʰos.


drobězgъ

drоbězgъ (canonical masculine)
drobězgъ (nominative singular)
drobězga (dual nominative)
drobězdzi (nominative plural)
drobězga (genitive singular)
drobězgu (dual genitive)
drobězgъ (genitive plural)
drobězgu (dative singular)
drobězgoma (dative dual)
drobězgomъ (dative plural)
drobězgъ (accusative singular)
drobězga (accusative dual)
drobězgy (accusative plural)
drobězgъmь (instrumental singular)
drobězgomь (instrumental singular)
drobězgoma (dual instrumental)
drobězgy (instrumental plural)
drobězdzě (locative singular)
drobězgu (dual locative)
drobězdzěxъ (locative plural)
droběždže (singular vocative)
drobězga (dual vocative)
drobězdzi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: дро́бязь (dróbjazʹ)

Russian: дробезга́ (drobezgá)

Ukrainian: дрі́б'язок (dríbʺjazok), gen. дріб'язку (dribʺjazku)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: droběz

Kashubian: drobiôzg

Polish: drobiazg

Slovak: drobizg

Equivalent to *drobь (“fraction”) + *-zgъ, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrebʰ- (“to fracture”). Cognate with Latvian drabažas (“bark that has fallen”).
Parallel to Proto-Slavic *drebězgъ (“fragment, shard”).


drebězgъ

drebězgъ (nominative singular)
drebězga (dual nominative)
drebězdzi (nominative plural)
drebězga (genitive singular)
drebězgu (dual genitive)
drebězgъ (genitive plural)
drebězgu (dative singular)
drebězgoma (dative dual)
drebězgomъ (dative plural)
drebězgъ (accusative singular)
drebězga (accusative dual)
drebězgy (accusative plural)
drebězgъmь (instrumental singular)
drebězgomь (instrumental singular)
drebězgoma (dual instrumental)
drebězgy (instrumental plural)
drebězdzě (locative singular)
drebězgu (dual locative)
drebězdzěxъ (locative plural)
dreběždže (singular vocative)
drebězga (dual vocative)
drebězdzi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: дре́безг (drébezg)

West Slavic:

Sorbian:

→ Upper Sorbian: drjebjeńca

Equivalent to *drеbь (“debris”) + *-zgъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *dreb, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrebʰ- (“to fracture”). Cognate with Lithuanian drebė̃znos (“remnant, piece”) and possibly Latvian drubazas.
Parallel to Proto-Slavic *drobězgъ (“crumbs, small fry”).

(onomatopoeic) tinkling, sound of breaking


drebъxa

drebъxa (nominative singular)
drebъśě (dual nominative)
drebъxy (nominative plural)
drebъxy (genitive singular)
drebъxu (dual genitive)
drebъxъ (genitive plural)
drebъśě (dative singular)
drebъxama (dative dual)
drebъxamъ (dative plural)
drebъxǫ (accusative singular)
drebъśě (accusative dual)
drebъxy (accusative plural)
drebъxojǫ (instrumental singular)
drebъxǫ (instrumental singular)
drebъxama (dual instrumental)
drebъxami (instrumental plural)
drebъśě (locative singular)
drebъxu (dual locative)
drebъxasъ (locative plural)
drebъxaxъ (locative plural)
drebъxo (singular vocative)
drebъśě (dual vocative)
drebъxy (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: дре́ха (dréha)

⇒ Bulgarian: дре́шка (dréška)

Macedonian: дреа (drea) (*-x- silent between vowels)

⇒ Macedonian: дрешка (dreška)

Isolated Balkan Slavic isogloss. According to BER, formed as *drebъ (“residue of linen, wool”) + *-ха, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrebʰ- (“to fracture”). A similar formation is observed in Proto-Slavic *rǫbaxa (“shirt”) from Proto-Slavic *rǫbъ (“edge”). Cognate with Lithuanian drabùžis (“clothes, clothing”). Possibly related to West Slavic *drabъ (“clothing”).
Alternatively, from Proto-Slavic *derti (“to tear”), cognate with Ancient Greek δέρρις (dérrhis, “skin”). The later etymology is challenged by Georgiev, since it should have given **дряха (**drjaha) in East Bulgarian.
No relation to English dress.

cog

→ (by extension) dress


drabъ

drabъ (nominative singular)
draba (dual nominative)
drabi (nominative plural)
draba (genitive singular)
drabu (dual genitive)
drabъ (genitive plural)
drabu (dative singular)
draboma (dative dual)
drabomъ (dative plural)
drabъ (accusative singular)
draba (accusative dual)
draby (accusative plural)
drabъmь (instrumental singular)
drabomь (instrumental singular)
draboma (dual instrumental)
draby (instrumental plural)
drabě (locative singular)
drabu (dual locative)
draběxъ (locative plural)
drabe (singular vocative)
draba (dual vocative)
drabi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: дра́бы pl (dráby, “ribs”)

Russian: дря́бы pl (drjáby, “carriage”)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: drôbka, drôb

desctree

Old Polish: drab
⇒ Polish: drabka (regional)

Based on similarities with Proto-West Germanic *trappā (“staircase”) (whence German Treppe (“stairs”), Dutch trap (“staircase”)), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dreb-, from an extension of *derH- (“to tear, to tug”). The long grade in Slavic is likely due to Winter's law.
Per Vasmer, Russian "soft" vocalism is of expressive origin.


drabъ

West Slavic:

Moravian Czech: zdraby pl

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: draby pl

* Trubačev tentatively identifies/relates it with Etymology 1.
* Derksen connects it instead to Lithuanian dróbė (“linen cloth”), drabùžis (“garment, clothing”), drãbanas (“(dialectal) rags”), Latvian drẽbe (“piece of clothing”). Further akin to Lithuanian drėbti (“to strike”), Latvian drêbt (“to beat”), Proto-Germanic *drepaną (“to hit”), probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreb- (“to shear, to beat”). Perhaps also related to Proto-Slavic *drebъxa (“cloth, dress”) from *dʰrebʰ- (“to fracture”), as well as to Ancient Greek δρέπω (drépō, “to pluck”), Proto-Slavic *drāpàti (“to scratch”).
Principally homophonous with Old Czech dráb (“beadle”), of German origin. From there may also descend colloquial Ukrainian драб (drab, “begger”).


draskati

draskàti (canonical imperfective)
drasknǫti (perfective)
draskanьje (noun-from-verb)
draskati (infinitive)
draskatъ (supine)
draskalъ (l-participle)
draskanъ (participle passive past)
draskajemъ (participle passive present)
draskavъ (active participle past)
draskaję (active participle present)
draskaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
draska (aorist second-person singular)
draska (aorist singular third-person)
draskajǫ (first-person present singular)
draskaješi (present second-person singular)
draskajetь (present singular third-person)
draskaxově (aorist dual first-person)
draskasta (aorist dual second-person)
draskaste (aorist dual third-person)
draskajevě (dual first-person present)
draskajeta (dual present second-person)
draskajete (dual present third-person)
draskaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
draskaste (aorist plural second-person)
draskašę (aorist plural third-person)
draskajemъ (first-person plural present)
draskajete (plural present second-person)
draskajǫtь (plural present third-person)
draskaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
draskaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
draskaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
draskaji (imperative second-person singular)
draskaji (imperative singular third-person)
draskaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
draskaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
draskaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
draskajivě (dual first-person imperative)
draskajita (dual imperative second-person)
draskaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
draskaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
draskaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
draskajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
draskajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: дра́скам (dráskam)

Macedonian: драска (draska)

Most likely from Proto-Slavic *drapъ (“scratch, trail”)/Proto-Slavic *drabъ (“spike; grazed cloth, rag”) + *-skati, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *derH- (“to tear”). Possibly, also influenced by Proto-Indo-European *dʰreb- (“to beat, to grind”), in view of the derivative Russian дразга (drazga, “freckle”). Closely related to Lithuanian draskýti (“to tear apart”).
Trubachev also considers a direct derivation from Proto-Slavic *derti (“to tear”), as in the inchoative Ancient Greek ἀποδιδράσκω (apodidráskō, “to flee, to retreat”).

cog

→ (by extension) to draw, to engrave (on paper or another surface)


draska

dràska (canonical feminine)
draska (nominative singular)
drascě (dual nominative)
drasky (nominative plural)
drasky (genitive singular)
drasku (dual genitive)
draskъ (genitive plural)
drascě (dative singular)
draskama (dative dual)
draskamъ (dative plural)
draskǫ (accusative singular)
drascě (accusative dual)
drasky (accusative plural)
draskojǫ (instrumental singular)
draskǫ (instrumental singular)
draskama (dual instrumental)
draskami (instrumental plural)
drascě (locative singular)
drasku (dual locative)
draskasъ (locative plural)
draskaxъ (locative plural)
drasko (singular vocative)
drascě (dual vocative)
drasky (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: дразга (drazga, “freckle”) (possibly)

Ukrainian: дра́ска (dráska, “pinch”) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: дра́ска (dráska), dial. дра́зга (drázga)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дра̏ска

Latin script: drȁska

Slovene: drȃska

West Slavic:

desc

Polish: draska (“friction igniting side part of a matchbox”)

Related or possibly back-formed from Proto-Slavic *draskati (“to scratch, to scrabble”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *derH- (“to tear”). Possibly, also influenced by Proto-Indo-European *dʰreb- (“to beat, to grind”). Akin to Lithuanian draskýti (“to tear apart”).


drebъ

drebъ (nominative singular)
dreba (dual nominative)
drebi (nominative plural)
dreba (genitive singular)
drebu (dual genitive)
drebъ (genitive plural)
drebu (dative singular)
dreboma (dative dual)
drebomъ (dative plural)
drebъ (accusative singular)
dreba (accusative dual)
dreby (accusative plural)
drebъmь (instrumental singular)
drebomь (instrumental singular)
dreboma (dual instrumental)
dreby (instrumental plural)
drebě (locative singular)
drebu (dual locative)
dreběxъ (locative plural)
drebe (singular vocative)
dreba (dual vocative)
drebi (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: дре́б (dréb)

⇒ Bulgarian: дреболи́я (drebolíja)

⇒ Macedonian: дреболија (drebolija)

E-vocalism of Proto-Slavic *drobъ (“chunck; intestine”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrebʰ- (“to fracture”). Akin to Lithuanian drebėti (“to quiver, to tremble”), Latvian drebêt (“to quiver”).

fuzz, lint, strand (of linen, wool, hemp)


nьťьvy

nьťьvy (nominative plural)
nьťьvъ (genitive plural)
nьťьvamъ (dative plural)
nьťьvy (accusative plural)
nьťьvami (instrumental plural)
nьťьvasъ (locative plural)
nьťьvaxъ (locative plural)
nьťьvy (plural vocative)


nъťьky

nъťьky (nominative plural)
nъťьkъ (genitive plural)
nъťьkamъ (dative plural)
nъťьky (accusative plural)
nъťьkami (instrumental plural)
nъťьkasъ (locative plural)
nъťьkaxъ (locative plural)
nъťьky (plural vocative)


nьťьky

nьťьky (nominative plural)
nьťьkъ (genitive plural)
nьťьkamъ (dative plural)
nьťьky (accusative plural)
nьťьkami (instrumental plural)
nьťьkasъ (locative plural)
nьťьkaxъ (locative plural)
nьťьky (plural vocative)


klenь

klenь (nominative singular)
kleni (dual nominative)
klenьje (nominative plural)
kleni (genitive singular)
klenьju (dual genitive)
klenьjь (genitive plural)
kleni (dative singular)
klenьma (dative dual)
klenьmъ (dative plural)
klenь (accusative singular)
kleni (accusative dual)
kleni (accusative plural)
klenьmь (instrumental singular)
klenьma (dual instrumental)
klenьmi (instrumental plural)
kleni (locative singular)
klenьju (dual locative)
klenьxъ (locative plural)
kleni (singular vocative)
kleni (dual vocative)
klenьje (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: клень (kljenʹ) (dialectal)

Russian: клень (klenʹ) (pre-1918: клѣнь (klěnʹ)), variant: клинь (klinʹ)

desc

Ukrainian: клень (klenʹ), клінь (klinʹ), клен (klen) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: клен (klen), variant: клян (kljan) – pre-1945: клѣнъ (klěn)

→ Romanian: clean

Macedonian: клен (klen)

→ Albanian: klen

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: klȅn, variant: клије̑н

Cyrillic script: кле̏н, variant: klijȇn

Slovene: klèn, variant: klìn

West Slavic:

Czech: kleň, kleně

Polish: kleń

Slovak: kleň (dialectal)

Slovincian: kléń

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: klen

Uncertain. It has been suggested to be in an ablaut relation to *klinъ (“wedge”). What speaks for it is that *trěska means “sliver, splinter” as well as “cod”.


drika

drika (nominative singular)
dricě (dual nominative)
driky (nominative plural)
driky (genitive singular)
driku (dual genitive)
drikъ (genitive plural)
dricě (dative singular)
drikama (dative dual)
drikamъ (dative plural)
drikǫ (accusative singular)
dricě (accusative dual)
driky (accusative plural)
drikojǫ (instrumental singular)
drikǫ (instrumental singular)
drikama (dual instrumental)
drikami (instrumental plural)
dricě (locative singular)
driku (dual locative)
drikasъ (locative plural)
drikaxъ (locative plural)
driko (singular vocative)
dricě (dual vocative)
driky (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: дрика (drika, “hearse”)

Bulgarian: дри́ка (dríka, “funeral carriage”) (archaic, obsolete)

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: dric (“body of a carriage”) (possibly via Hungarian)

Dialectal variant of Proto-Slavic *drěkъ (“stem, trunk”) with semantic shift stem, beam → shaft, rail → cart. Probably akin to Lithuanian driẽktis (“pulling, stretching”).


o(b)sadъ

osadъ (canonical masculine)
osadъ (nominative singular)
obsadъ (nominative singular)
osada (dual nominative)
obsada (dual nominative)
osadi (nominative plural)
obsadi (nominative plural)
osada (genitive singular)
obsada (genitive singular)
osadu (dual genitive)
obsadu (dual genitive)
osadъ (genitive plural)
obsadъ (genitive plural)
osadu (dative singular)
obsadu (dative singular)
osadoma (dative dual)
obsadoma (dative dual)
osadomъ (dative plural)
obsadomъ (dative plural)
osadъ (accusative singular)
obsadъ (accusative singular)
osada (accusative dual)
obsada (accusative dual)
osady (accusative plural)
obsady (accusative plural)
osadъmь (instrumental singular)
obsadъmь (instrumental singular)
osadomь (instrumental singular)
obsadomь (instrumental singular)
osadoma (dual instrumental)
obsadoma (dual instrumental)
osady (instrumental plural)
obsady (instrumental plural)
osadě (locative singular)
obsadě (locative singular)
osadu (dual locative)
obsadu (dual locative)
osaděxъ (locative plural)
obsaděxъ (locative plural)
osade (singular vocative)
obsade (singular vocative)
osada (dual vocative)
obsada (dual vocative)
osadi (plural vocative)
obsadi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: аса́дка (asádka)

Russian: оса́док (osádok)

Ukrainian: оса́д (osád)

West Slavic:

→ Czech: usazenina

Polish: osad

→ Slovak: usadenina

From *o(b)- + *sadъ (“seat, setting”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”).


o(b)sada

osada (canonical feminine)
osada (nominative singular)
obsada (nominative singular)
osadě (dual nominative)
obsadě (dual nominative)
osady (nominative plural)
obsady (nominative plural)
osady (genitive singular)
obsady (genitive singular)
osadu (dual genitive)
obsadu (dual genitive)
osadъ (genitive plural)
obsadъ (genitive plural)
osadě (dative singular)
obsadě (dative singular)
osadama (dative dual)
obsadama (dative dual)
osadamъ (dative plural)
obsadamъ (dative plural)
osadǫ (accusative singular)
obsadǫ (accusative singular)
osadě (accusative dual)
obsadě (accusative dual)
osady (accusative plural)
obsady (accusative plural)
osadojǫ (instrumental singular)
obsadojǫ (instrumental singular)
osadǫ (instrumental singular)
obsadǫ (instrumental singular)
osadama (dual instrumental)
obsadama (dual instrumental)
osadami (instrumental plural)
obsadami (instrumental plural)
osadě (locative singular)
obsadě (locative singular)
osadu (dual locative)
obsadu (dual locative)
osadasъ (locative plural)
obsadasъ (locative plural)
osadaxъ (locative plural)
obsadaxъ (locative plural)
osado (singular vocative)
obsado (singular vocative)
osadě (dual vocative)
obsadě (dual vocative)
osady (plural vocative)
obsady (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: обсада (obsada)

Belarusian: aса́да (asáda, “nozzle”)

Russian: оса́да (osáda)

Ukrainian: оса́да (osáda, “settlement”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: обсада (obsada)

Bulgarian: обсада (obsada)

Macedonian: опсада (opsada)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̏псада

Latin script: ȍpsada

Slovene: osàd m

West Slavic:

Czech: osada (“settlement”)

Kashubian: òsada (“settlement”)

desc

Polish: obsada (“cast”), osada (“settlement”)

Slovak: osada (“settlement”)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wosada

From *o(b)- + *sadъ (“seat, setting”) + *-а, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”). Akin to Latin obsideō (“to besiege; to inhabit”).

cog

settlement, administrative unit (West Slavic)


dripa

dripa (nominative singular)
dripě (dual nominative)
dripy (nominative plural)
dripy (genitive singular)
dripu (dual genitive)
dripъ (genitive plural)
dripě (dative singular)
dripama (dative dual)
dripamъ (dative plural)
dripǫ (accusative singular)
dripě (accusative dual)
dripy (accusative plural)
dripojǫ (instrumental singular)
dripǫ (instrumental singular)
dripama (dual instrumental)
dripami (instrumental plural)
dripě (locative singular)
dripu (dual locative)
dripasъ (locative plural)
dripaxъ (locative plural)
dripo (singular vocative)
dripě (dual vocative)
dripy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: дри́пи (drýpy) (pl.)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: дрипъ (dripŭ, “rupture (on cloths)”)

Bulgarian: дри́па (drípa)

Macedonian: дрипа (dripa, “cloth”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дри̏па

Latin script: drȉpa

Slovene: drípa (“diarrhea”)

West Slavic:

Czech: dříp, dřípa

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: dripa

Feminine of the sparsely attested *dripъ + *-a, most likely derived from Pre-Slavic *driti (“to tow, to pluck”) + *-pъ, either continuing Proto-Indo-European *drey- (“to tear off, to pluck”) or Proto-Indo-European *dʰrey- (“to tow, to drive”) (or both). ESSJa suggests a native Slavic origin and excludes direct relation to possible cognates such as Ancient Greek θρίψ (thríps, “thrips”), Proto-Germanic *drībaną (“to drive, to propel”).

cog

(by generalization) → cloth


śědъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *śědъ (hard)

Definite declension of *śědъ (hard)

śědъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
śěda (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
śědo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
śěda (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
śědy (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
śěda (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
śědu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
śědě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
śědu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
śědъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
śědǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
śědo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
śědomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
śědojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
śědomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
śědě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
śědě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
śědě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
śěde (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
śědo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
śědo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
śěda (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
śědě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
śědě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
śědu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
śědu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
śědu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
śědoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
śědama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
śědoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
śěda (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
śědě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
śědě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
śědoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
śědama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
śědoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
śědu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
śědu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
śědu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
śěda (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
śědě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
śědě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
śědi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
śědy (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
śěda (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
śědъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
śědъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
śědъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
śědomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
śědamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
śědomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
śědy (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
śědy (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
śěda (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
śědy (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
śědami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
śědy (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
śěděxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
śědaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
śěděxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
śědi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
śědy (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
śěda (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
śědъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
śědaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
śědoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
śědajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
śědyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
śědajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
śědujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
śěději (dative definite feminine singular)
śědujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
śědъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
śědǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
śědoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
śědyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
śědǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
śědyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
śědějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
śěději (definite feminine locative singular)
śědějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
śědъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
śědaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
śědoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
śědaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
śěději (definite dual feminine nominative)
śěději (definite dual neuter nominative)
śěduju (definite dual genitive masculine)
śěduju (definite dual feminine genitive)
śěduju (definite dual genitive neuter)
śědyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
śědyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
śědyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
śědaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
śěději (accusative definite dual feminine)
śěději (accusative definite dual neuter)
śědyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
śědyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
śědyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
śěduju (definite dual locative masculine)
śěduju (definite dual feminine locative)
śěduju (definite dual locative neuter)
śědaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
śěději (definite dual feminine vocative)
śěději (definite dual neuter vocative)
śědiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
śědyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
śědaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
śědъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
śědъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
śědъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
śědyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
śědyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
śědyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
śědyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
śědyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
śědaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
śědyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
śědyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
śědyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
śědyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
śědyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
śědyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
śědiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
śědyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
śědaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сѣдъ (sědŭ)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: сѣдый (sědyj)
Carpathian Rusyn: сї́дый (sjídŷj)
Ukrainian: сіди́й (sidýj)

Russian: седо́й (sedój)

Old Novgorodian: хѣде (xěde)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: сѣдъ (sědŭ)

Glagolitic: ⱄⱑⰴⱏ (sědŭ)

Macedonian: сед (sed)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: се̑д, сије̑д

Latin script: sȇd, sijȇd

West Slavic:

Old Czech: šědý

Czech: šedý

Old Polish: szad

Polish: szady

Slovak: šedivý

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: šeźiwy

Upper Sorbian: šedźiwy

From pre-Slavic *xoidъ, probably an amalgamation of Proto-Slavic *śěrъ (“gray”) and Proto-Slavic *blědъ (“pale”). Alternatively, continuing Proto-Indo-European *sḱeyd- (“to shade”), an extension of *(s)ḱeh₃y- (“to shade”) or less likely *(s)ḱeh₁y- (“to shimmer”).


nasoka

nasoka (nominative singular)
nasocě (dual nominative)
nasoky (nominative plural)
nasoky (genitive singular)
nasoku (dual genitive)
nasokъ (genitive plural)
nasocě (dative singular)
nasokama (dative dual)
nasokamъ (dative plural)
nasokǫ (accusative singular)
nasocě (accusative dual)
nasoky (accusative plural)
nasokojǫ (instrumental singular)
nasokǫ (instrumental singular)
nasokama (dual instrumental)
nasokami (instrumental plural)
nasocě (locative singular)
nasoku (dual locative)
nasokasъ (locative plural)
nasokaxъ (locative plural)
nasoko (singular vocative)
nasocě (dual vocative)
nasoky (plural vocative)

East Slavic: —

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: насо́ка (nasóka, “direction”)

Macedonian: на́сока (násoka, “direction”)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: násoka (“calumniation, slander”)

Czech: násoka (“accusation, slander”) (obsolete)

Instead of regular **nasoča, back-formed from *nasočiti (“to slander, accuse; to incite, instigate”), from *na- + *sočiti + *-a.


podъbělъ

podъbělъ (nominative singular)
podъběla (dual nominative)
podъběli (nominative plural)
podъběla (genitive singular)
podъbělu (dual genitive)
podъbělъ (genitive plural)
podъbělu (dative singular)
podъběloma (dative dual)
podъbělomъ (dative plural)
podъbělъ (accusative singular)
podъběla (accusative dual)
podъběly (accusative plural)
podъbělъmь (instrumental singular)
podъbělomь (instrumental singular)
podъběloma (dual instrumental)
podъběly (instrumental plural)
podъbělě (locative singular)
podъbělu (dual locative)
podъbělěxъ (locative plural)
podъběle (singular vocative)
podъběla (dual vocative)
podъběli (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: падбе́л (padbjél)

Russian: подбе́л (podbél), pre-1918 подбѣ́лъ (podbě́l)

Ukrainian: підбі́л (pidbíl)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: по́дбел (pódbel)

Macedonian: подбел (podbel)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: по̀дбел

Latin script: pòdbel

Slovene: podbẹ̀ł

West Slavic:

Czech: podběl

Polish: podbiał

Slovak: podbeľ

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: podbál, podbállapi, podbállapu (rare)

→ Romanian: podbeál, podbeálă

*podъ- (“under-”) + *bělъ (“white”), so called because the flipside of the leaves of Tussilago farfara contrasts starkly into white. For the same reason the butterbur or coltsfoot (Petasites spp.) bears the name in Russian, as well as бѣлокопы́тникъ (bělokopýtnik).


drybati

draskanьje (noun-from-verb)
drybati (infinitive)
drybatъ (supine)
draskalъ (l-participle)
draskanъ (participle passive past)
draskajemъ (participle passive present)
draskavъ (active participle past)
draskaję (active participle present)
draskaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
draska (aorist second-person singular)
draska (aorist singular third-person)
draskajǫ (first-person present singular)
draskaješi (present second-person singular)
draskajetь (present singular third-person)
draskaxově (aorist dual first-person)
draskasta (aorist dual second-person)
draskaste (aorist dual third-person)
draskajevě (dual first-person present)
draskajeta (dual present second-person)
draskajete (dual present third-person)
draskaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
draskaste (aorist plural second-person)
draskašę (aorist plural third-person)
draskajemъ (first-person plural present)
draskajete (plural present second-person)
draskajǫtь (plural present third-person)
draskaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
draskaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
draskaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
draskaji (imperative second-person singular)
draskaji (imperative singular third-person)
draskaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
draskaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
draskaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
draskajivě (dual first-person imperative)
draskajita (dual imperative second-person)
draskaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
draskaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
draskaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
draskajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
draskajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: дрыбать (drybatʹ, “to scribble”) (archaic)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: дри́бам (dríbam) (dialectal)

⇒ Bulgarian: дриба́к (dribák, “dense forest”) (dialectal)

Uncertain. Possibly an extension of Proto-Slavic *dьrati (“to tear off”) (cf. *drapati, *draskati) or akin to Proto-Germanic *drupjaną (“to drip”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewb- (“to crumble, to grind”).


o(b)soka

osoka (canonical feminine)
osoka (nominative singular)
obsoka (nominative singular)
osocě (dual nominative)
obsocě (dual nominative)
osoky (nominative plural)
obsoky (nominative plural)
osoky (genitive singular)
obsoky (genitive singular)
osoku (dual genitive)
obsoku (dual genitive)
osokъ (genitive plural)
obsokъ (genitive plural)
osocě (dative singular)
obsocě (dative singular)
osokama (dative dual)
obsokama (dative dual)
osokamъ (dative plural)
obsokamъ (dative plural)
osokǫ (accusative singular)
obsokǫ (accusative singular)
osocě (accusative dual)
obsocě (accusative dual)
osoky (accusative plural)
obsoky (accusative plural)
osokojǫ (instrumental singular)
obsokojǫ (instrumental singular)
osokǫ (instrumental singular)
obsokǫ (instrumental singular)
osokama (dual instrumental)
obsokama (dual instrumental)
osokami (instrumental plural)
obsokami (instrumental plural)
osocě (locative singular)
obsocě (locative singular)
osoku (dual locative)
obsoku (dual locative)
osokasъ (locative plural)
obsokasъ (locative plural)
osokaxъ (locative plural)
obsokaxъ (locative plural)
osoko (singular vocative)
obsoko (singular vocative)
osocě (dual vocative)
obsocě (dual vocative)
osoky (plural vocative)
obsoky (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: осока (osoka)

Belarusian: асо́ка (asóka)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: опсок

Latin script: opsok

Slovene: óbsok

West Slavic:

Polish: osoka (“summary”) (rare)

Action noun of *o(b)sočiti (“to charge, to focus around”), from *ob- + *sočiti + *-a.

(by abstraction) → legal query

(by extension) → summary


drygati

dryganьje (noun-from-verb)
drygati (infinitive)
drygatъ (supine)
drygalъ (l-participle)
dryganъ (participle passive past)
drygajemъ (participle passive present)
drygavъ (active participle past)
drygaję (active participle present)
drygaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dryga (aorist second-person singular)
dryga (aorist singular third-person)
drygajǫ (first-person present singular)
drygaješi (present second-person singular)
drygajetь (present singular third-person)
drygaxově (aorist dual first-person)
drygasta (aorist dual second-person)
drygaste (aorist dual third-person)
drygajevě (dual first-person present)
drygajeta (dual present second-person)
drygajete (dual present third-person)
drygaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
drygaste (aorist plural second-person)
drygašę (aorist plural third-person)
drygajemъ (first-person plural present)
drygajete (plural present second-person)
drygajǫtь (plural present third-person)
drygaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
drygaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
drygaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
drygaji (imperative second-person singular)
drygaji (imperative singular third-person)
drygaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
drygaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
drygaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
drygajivě (dual first-person imperative)
drygajita (dual imperative second-person)
drygaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
drygaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
drygaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
drygajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
drygajite (imperative plural second-person)

In view of the long root vowel, most likely from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewg-, akin to Proto-Germanic *druknijaną (“to dry off”).


stǫpa

stǫ̀pa (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
stǫ̀pa (nominative singular)
stǫ̀pě (dual nominative)
stǫ̀py (nominative plural)
stǫ̀py (genitive singular)
stǫ̀pu (dual genitive)
stǫ̀pъ (genitive plural)
stǫ̀pě (dative singular)
stǫ̀pama (dative dual)
stǫ̀pamъ (dative plural)
stǫ̀pǫ (accusative singular)
stǫ̀pě (accusative dual)
stǫ̀py (accusative plural)
stǫ̀pojǫ (instrumental singular)
stǫ̀pǭ (instrumental singular)
stǫ̀pama (dual instrumental)
stǫ̀pamī (instrumental plural)
stǫ̀pě (locative singular)
stǫ̀pu (dual locative)
stǫ̀pasъ (locative plural)
stǫ̀paxъ (locative plural)
stǫ̀po (singular vocative)
stǫ̀pě (dual vocative)
stǫ̀py (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ступа (stupa)

Belarusian: сту́па (stúpa)

Russian: сту́па (stúpa)

Ukrainian: сту́па (stúpa)

South Slavic:

desc

стѫпа (stǫpa)

Church Slavonic: стѫпа (stǫpa)

Bulgarian: стъ́па (stǎ́pa) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сту̏па

Latin script: stȕpa

Slovene: stọ́pa (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: stúpa

Czech: stoupa

Old Polish: stępa

Polish: stępa

Polabian: stǫpo

Old Slovak: stupa

Slovak: stupa

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: stupa

Upper Sorbian: stupa

Borrowed from Germanic, see German Stampfe, stampfen, English stamp etc.

mortar, a vessel where ingredients are ground

pounding-mill, stamp mill for grain, the contrivance where corn had to be pounded in hollow blocks before the meal mill has been invented, called by the Romans pīstrīnum and in German Stampfmühle


osojь

osòjь (canonical masculine)
osojь (nominative singular)
osoja (dual nominative)
osoji (nominative plural)
osoja (genitive singular)
osoju (dual genitive)
osojь (genitive plural)
osoju (dative singular)
osojema (dative dual)
osojemъ (dative plural)
osojь (accusative singular)
osoja (accusative dual)
osoję̇ (accusative plural)
osojьmь (instrumental singular)
osojemь (instrumental singular)
osojema (dual instrumental)
osoji (instrumental plural)
osoji (locative singular)
osoju (dual locative)
osojixъ (locative plural)
osoju (singular vocative)
osoja (dual vocative)
osoji (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: осовня (osovnja) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: осои (osoi), осоѥ (osoje)

Bulgarian: осо́й (osój), осо́я (osója), осо́е (osóe); усо́й (usój), усо́йна (usójna)

Macedonian: осој (osoj)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: осојe

Latin script: osoje

Slovene: osọ̄ja, osóje

⇒ Slovene: osóvje, osónje

Unclear: denominal/deverbal, *ot-/*ob-, *(s)ḱeh₁y-/*(s)ḱeh₃-.
*ob-/*ot-:
* Per Miklosich, Дуриданов, Лома: from *otsojь with *ot-. Compare 13th century Old Serbian на Ѡтсоиноу стѣноу and antonymous Church Slavonic присоѥ (prisoje, “sunny place”).
* Per ESSJa: from *obsojь with "shadow" ⇐ "shine" / "reflection" (отблеск). Compare Sanskrit छाया (chāyā, “shadow; shade; reflection”) ("shadow" ⇒ "reflection" if from *(s)ḱeh₃- (“darkness, shadow”)).
** Proto-Slavic *ob (“around”) would mean one around which light passes, devoid of light. Similar to Proto-Slavic *ostrovъ (“island”) from Proto-Slavic *strujiti (“to stream”).
* Per Bezlaj: from *obsojь with abessive *ob-. Compare *h₂epó (“off, away”) / *h₂pó > *opakъ, *po.
* Per Skok: from assimilated *usojь, from negative *u-. Compare *ubogъ.
*(s)ḱeh₁y-/*(s)ḱeh₃-:
* Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₁y- (“to shine, shimmer”)
** *sijati (“to shine”) (per ESSJa, BER)
** Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌽 (skeinan, “to shine”) (per ?ESSJa, ?Vasmer)
* *(s)ḱeh₃y- (“to shade”), *(s)ḱeh₃-
** Proto-Slavic *sěnь (“shadow”) (per Vasmer). See also *siňь, *sivъ, *śěrъ.
** Ancient Greek σκιά (skiá, “shadow; shade”), σκοιός (skoiós, “shady”) (per ?ESSJa, ?Vasmer)
** Sanskrit छाया (chāyā, “shadow; shade; reflection”) (per ?ESSJa, ?Vasmer)
* See also Proto-Germanic *blakaz and *blaikaz, *blankaz.

cog

osojьnikъ

*osojьnъ, *usojьnъ (“shady, non-lit by the sun”)

usojьnica

viper; lit. one that rests at shady places


bъrъ

bъrъ (nominative singular)
bъra (dual nominative)
bъri (nominative plural)
bъra (genitive singular)
bъru (dual genitive)
bъrъ (genitive plural)
bъru (dative singular)
bъroma (dative dual)
bъromъ (dative plural)
bъrъ (accusative singular)
bъra (accusative dual)
bъry (accusative plural)
bъrъmь (instrumental singular)
bъromь (instrumental singular)
bъroma (dual instrumental)
bъry (instrumental plural)
bъrě (locative singular)
bъru (dual locative)
bъrěxъ (locative plural)
bъre (singular vocative)
bъra (dual vocative)
bъri (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: боръ (borŭ)

Russian: бор (bor)

Ukrainian: бор (bor)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: бъръ (bŭrŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰱⱏⱃⱏ (bŭrŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ба̑р

Latin script: bȃr

Slovene: bȃr, dialectally ber and bȋr

West Slavic:

Old Czech: ber

Czech: bér

Old Polish: ber
Polish: ber

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: ber

Upper Sorbian: ber, bor

Non-Slavic:

⇒ Hungarian: + köles = borköles, + mohar = bormohar

Of uncertain origin. See also Proto-Germanic *baraz (“barley”).


byjati

byjanьje (noun-from-verb)
byjati (infinitive)
byjatъ (supine)
byjalъ (l-participle)
byjanъ (participle passive past)
byjemъ (participle passive present)
byjavъ (active participle past)
byję (active participle present)
byjaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
byja (aorist second-person singular)
byja (aorist singular third-person)
byjǫ (first-person present singular)
byješi (present second-person singular)
byjetь (present singular third-person)
byjaxově (aorist dual first-person)
byjasta (aorist dual second-person)
byjaste (aorist dual third-person)
byjevě (dual first-person present)
byjeta (dual present second-person)
byjete (dual present third-person)
byjaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
byjaste (aorist plural second-person)
byjašę (aorist plural third-person)
byjemъ (first-person plural present)
byjete (plural present second-person)
byjǫtь (plural present third-person)
byjaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
byjaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
byjaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
byji (imperative second-person singular)
byji (imperative singular third-person)
byjaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
byjaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
byjaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
byjivě (dual first-person imperative)
byjita (dual imperative second-person)
byjaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
byjaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
byjaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
byjimъ (first-person imperative plural)
byjite (imperative plural second-person)
byjanьje (noun-from-verb)
byjati (infinitive)
byjatъ (supine)
byjalъ (l-participle)
byjanъ (participle passive past)
byjajemъ (participle passive present)
byjavъ (active participle past)
byjaję (active participle present)
byjaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
byja (aorist second-person singular)
byja (aorist singular third-person)
byjajǫ (first-person present singular)
byjaješi (present second-person singular)
byjajetь (present singular third-person)
byjaxově (aorist dual first-person)
byjasta (aorist dual second-person)
byjaste (aorist dual third-person)
byjajevě (dual first-person present)
byjajeta (dual present second-person)
byjajete (dual present third-person)
byjaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
byjaste (aorist plural second-person)
byjašę (aorist plural third-person)
byjajemъ (first-person plural present)
byjajete (plural present second-person)
byjajǫtь (plural present third-person)
byjaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
byjaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
byjaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
byjaji (imperative second-person singular)
byjaji (imperative singular third-person)
byjaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
byjaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
byjaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
byjajivě (dual first-person imperative)
byjajita (dual imperative second-person)
byjaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
byjaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
byjaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
byjajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
byjajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian: (rare)

Cyrillic script: би́јати

Latin script: bíјati

A byform of *byti + *-ati, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to grow, to become”).