ǫda

ǫ̀da (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
ǫda (nominative singular)
ǫ̀dě (dual nominative)
ǫ̀dy (nominative plural)
ǫ̀dy (genitive singular)
ǫ̀du (dual genitive)
ǫ̀dъ (genitive plural)
ǫ̀dě (dative singular)
ǫ̀dama (dative dual)
ǫ̀damъ (dative plural)
ǫ̀dǫ (accusative singular)
ǫ̀dě (accusative dual)
ǫ̀dy (accusative plural)
ǫ̀dojǫ (instrumental singular)
ǫ̀dǭ (instrumental singular)
ǫ̀dama (dual instrumental)
ǫ̀damī (instrumental plural)
ǫ̀dě (locative singular)
ǫ̀du (dual locative)
ǫ̀dasъ (locative plural)
ǫ̀daxъ (locative plural)
ǫ̀do (singular vocative)
ǫ̀dě (dual vocative)
ǫ̀dy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ѫда (ǫda), уда (uda)

Belarusian: ву́да (vúda)

Russian: у́да́ (údá) (dated, regional); ундя (undja), ву́да (vúda), у́до n (údo) (dialectal)

desc

→ Dolgan: удауда

→ Dolgan: удауда

⇒ Old East Slavic: Уда (Uda) (given name)

⇒ Middle Russian: Уда (Uda) (surname)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: ѫда (ǫda)

Glagolitic script: ⱘⰴⰰ (ǫda)

Bulgarian: въдица (vǎdica)

Slovene: vǫ́da

West Slavic:

Czech: uda

Kashubian: wãda

Old Polish: węda

Polish: węda (archaic)

Slovincian: vãda

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: huda

Upper Sorbian: wuda

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ánˀd-, perhaps originally meaning “one on which to put on (fishing lure, bait)”, normally interpreted as derivative of *ǫ- + *-da (“locative particle”) (Proto-Indo-European *h₂en- (“on”) + *dʰeh₁- (“to put”)). Akin to Latvian uodne (“bar on which the sleigh body stands”), eñdas (“part of a peasant's sleigh”).
Alternative hypotheses conjure possible descent from Proto-Indo-European *wendʰ- (“to wind”) (per Mladenov) or from *ǫk- (“hook, crook”) + *-da (per Meillet), initially meaning “something flexible, bendable, crooked”. Perhaps cognate with Albanian unazë (“ring”).


kotъka

kòtъka (canonical feminine)
kotъka (nominative singular)
kotъcě (dual nominative)
kotъky (nominative plural)
kotъky (genitive singular)
kotъku (dual genitive)
kotъkъ (genitive plural)
kotъcě (dative singular)
kotъkama (dative dual)
kotъkamъ (dative plural)
kotъkǫ (accusative singular)
kotъcě (accusative dual)
kotъky (accusative plural)
kotъkojǫ (instrumental singular)
kotъkǫ (instrumental singular)
kotъkama (dual instrumental)
kotъkami (instrumental plural)
kotъcě (locative singular)
kotъku (dual locative)
kotъkasъ (locative plural)
kotъkaxъ (locative plural)
kotъko (singular vocative)
kotъcě (dual vocative)
kotъky (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ко́тъка (kótŭka)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: ко́тка (kótka)
Belarusian: ко́тка (kótka) (regional)
Carpathian Rusyn: ко́тка (kótka) (regional)
Ukrainian: кі́тка (kítka)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: котъка (kotŭka)

Glagolitic script: ⰽⱁⱅⱏⰽⰰ (kotŭka)

Bulgarian: ко́тка (kótka)

Macedonian: котка (kotka) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: котка (archaic, rare)

Latin script: kotka (archaic, rare)

West Slavic:

Czech: kotka

Old Polish: kotka

Polish: kotka; ku̯etka (dialectal)

Slovincian: kôtk

Originally a diminutive form of *kòtъ (“cat”) + *-ъka (“diminutive suffix”).


kotъka

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: котъка (kotŭka)

Glagolitic script: ⰽⱁⱅⱏⰽⰰ (kotŭka)

Macedonian: котка (kotka) (dialectal)

→ Albanian: kotkë (“bundle, curl”)

→ Aromanian: cotcă (“pulley”)

From *koty (“anchor”) + *-ъka (“diminutive suffix”).


ǫdica

ǫ̀dica (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
ǫdica (nominative singular)
ǫdici (dual nominative)
ǫdicę̇ (nominative plural)
ǫdicę̇ (genitive singular)
ǫdicu (dual genitive)
ǫdicь (genitive plural)
ǫdicī (dative singular)
ǫdicama (dative dual)
ǫdicāmъ (dative plural)
ǫdicǫ (accusative singular)
ǫdici (accusative dual)
ǫdicę̇ (accusative plural)
ǫdicējǫ (instrumental singular)
ǫdicǭ (instrumental singular)
ǫdicama (dual instrumental)
ǫdicāmī (instrumental plural)
ǫdicī (locative singular)
ǫdicu (dual locative)
ǫdicāsъ (locative plural)
ǫdice (singular vocative)
ǫdici (dual vocative)
ǫdicę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: у́дица (údica)

Russian: у́дица (údica) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: ву́диця (vúdycja) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: ѫдица (ǫdica)

Glagolitic script: ⱘⰴⰹⱌⰰ (ǫdica)

Macedonian: јадица (jadica)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: у̏дица

Latin script: ȕdica

Slovene: ódica, vódica; vòdica (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: udicě

Czech: udice

Bohemian (Chod dialect): hudice

Old Polish: wędzica

Old Slovak: udica

Slovak: udica

Originally a diminutive form of *ǫ̀da (“fishing rod”) + *-ica (“diminutive suffix”).


ǫtęťь

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *ǫtęťь (soft)

Definite declension of *ǫtęťь (soft)

ǫtęťь (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
ǫtęťa (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
ǫtęťe (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
ǫtęťa (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
ǫtęťę̇ (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
ǫtęťa (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
ǫtęťu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
ǫtęťi (dative feminine indefinite singular)
ǫtęťu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
ǫtęťь (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
ǫtęťǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
ǫtęťe (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
ǫtęťemь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
ǫtęťejǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
ǫtęťemь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
ǫtęťi (indefinite locative masculine singular)
ǫtęťi (feminine indefinite locative singular)
ǫtęťi (indefinite locative neuter singular)
ǫtęťu (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
ǫtęťe (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
ǫtęťe (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
ǫtęťa (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
ǫtęťi (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
ǫtęťi (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
ǫtęťu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
ǫtęťu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
ǫtęťu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
ǫtęťema (dative dual indefinite masculine)
ǫtęťama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
ǫtęťema (dative dual indefinite neuter)
ǫtęťa (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
ǫtęťi (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
ǫtęťi (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
ǫtęťema (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
ǫtęťama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
ǫtęťema (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
ǫtęťu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
ǫtęťu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
ǫtęťu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
ǫtęťa (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
ǫtęťi (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
ǫtęťi (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
ǫtęťi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
ǫtęťę̇ (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
ǫtęťa (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
ǫtęťь (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
ǫtęťь (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
ǫtęťь (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
ǫtęťemъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
ǫtęťamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
ǫtęťemъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
ǫtęťę̇ (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
ǫtęťę̇ (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
ǫtęťa (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
ǫtęťi (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
ǫtęťami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
ǫtęťi (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
ǫtęťixъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
ǫtęťaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
ǫtęťixъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
ǫtęťi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
ǫtęťę̇ (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
ǫtęťa (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
ǫtęťьjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
ǫtęťaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
ǫtęťeje (definite neuter nominative singular)
ǫtęťajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
ǫtęťę̇ję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
ǫtęťajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
ǫtęťujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
ǫtęťiji (dative definite feminine singular)
ǫtęťujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
ǫtęťьjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
ǫtęťǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
ǫtęťeje (accusative definite neuter singular)
ǫtęťijimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
ǫtęťǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
ǫtęťijimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
ǫtęťijemь (definite locative masculine singular)
ǫtęťiji (definite feminine locative singular)
ǫtęťijemь (definite locative neuter singular)
ǫtęťьjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
ǫtęťaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
ǫtęťeje (definite neuter singular vocative)
ǫtęťaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
ǫtęťiji (definite dual feminine nominative)
ǫtęťiji (definite dual neuter nominative)
ǫtęťuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
ǫtęťuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
ǫtęťuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
ǫtęťijima (dative definite dual masculine)
ǫtęťijima (dative definite dual feminine)
ǫtęťijima (dative definite dual neuter)
ǫtęťaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
ǫtęťiji (accusative definite dual feminine)
ǫtęťiji (accusative definite dual neuter)
ǫtęťijima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
ǫtęťijima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
ǫtęťijima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
ǫtęťuju (definite dual locative masculine)
ǫtęťuju (definite dual feminine locative)
ǫtęťuju (definite dual locative neuter)
ǫtęťaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
ǫtęťiji (definite dual feminine vocative)
ǫtęťiji (definite dual neuter vocative)
ǫtęťiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
ǫtęťę̇ję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
ǫtęťaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
ǫtęťьjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
ǫtęťьjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
ǫtęťьjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
ǫtęťijimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
ǫtęťijimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
ǫtęťijimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
ǫtęťę̇ję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
ǫtęťę̇ję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
ǫtęťaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
ǫtęťijimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
ǫtęťijimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
ǫtęťijimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
ǫtęťijixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
ǫtęťijixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
ǫtęťijixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
ǫtęťiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
ǫtęťę̇ję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
ǫtęťaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

Belarusian: ву́цечье (vúcječʹje) (dialectal)

desc

⇒ Belarusian: вуця́чыя (vucjáčyja), вуця́цца (vucjácca, “duck feather”)

Russian: утячий (utjačij) (regional, dialectal)

Ukrainian: ву́тячий (vútjačyj)

From *ǫtę (“duckling”) + *-jь (“relational suffix”) with -ť- reappearing in an open position from the nt-stem *-ę (pre-Slavic *-ent).


ǫtinъ

ǫtìnъ (canonical)
ǫtinъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
ǫtina (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
ǫtino (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
ǫtina (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
ǫtiny (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
ǫtina (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
ǫtinu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
ǫtině (dative feminine indefinite singular)
ǫtinu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
ǫtinъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
ǫtinǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
ǫtino (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
ǫtinomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
ǫtinojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
ǫtinomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
ǫtině (indefinite locative masculine singular)
ǫtině (feminine indefinite locative singular)
ǫtině (indefinite locative neuter singular)
ǫtine (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
ǫtino (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
ǫtino (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
ǫtina (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
ǫtině (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
ǫtině (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
ǫtinu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
ǫtinu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
ǫtinu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
ǫtinoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
ǫtinama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
ǫtinoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
ǫtina (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
ǫtině (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
ǫtině (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
ǫtinoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
ǫtinama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
ǫtinoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
ǫtinu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
ǫtinu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
ǫtinu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
ǫtina (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
ǫtině (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
ǫtině (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
ǫtini (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
ǫtiny (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
ǫtina (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
ǫtinъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
ǫtinъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
ǫtinъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
ǫtinomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
ǫtinamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
ǫtinomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
ǫtiny (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
ǫtiny (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
ǫtina (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
ǫtiny (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
ǫtinami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
ǫtiny (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
ǫtiněxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
ǫtinaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
ǫtiněxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
ǫtini (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
ǫtiny (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
ǫtina (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
ǫtinъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
ǫtinaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
ǫtinoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
ǫtinajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
ǫtinyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
ǫtinajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
ǫtinujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
ǫtiněji (dative definite feminine singular)
ǫtinujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
ǫtinъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
ǫtinǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
ǫtinoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
ǫtinyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
ǫtinǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
ǫtinyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
ǫtinějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
ǫtiněji (definite feminine locative singular)
ǫtinějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
ǫtinъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
ǫtinaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
ǫtinoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
ǫtinaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
ǫtiněji (definite dual feminine nominative)
ǫtiněji (definite dual neuter nominative)
ǫtinuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
ǫtinuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
ǫtinuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
ǫtinyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
ǫtinyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
ǫtinyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
ǫtinaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
ǫtiněji (accusative definite dual feminine)
ǫtiněji (accusative definite dual neuter)
ǫtinyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
ǫtinyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
ǫtinyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
ǫtinuju (definite dual locative masculine)
ǫtinuju (definite dual feminine locative)
ǫtinuju (definite dual locative neuter)
ǫtinaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
ǫtiněji (definite dual feminine vocative)
ǫtiněji (definite dual neuter vocative)
ǫtiniji (definite masculine nominative plural)
ǫtinyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
ǫtinaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
ǫtinъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
ǫtinъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
ǫtinъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
ǫtinyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
ǫtinyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
ǫtinyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
ǫtinyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
ǫtinyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
ǫtinaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
ǫtinyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
ǫtinyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
ǫtinyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
ǫtinyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
ǫtinyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
ǫtinyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
ǫtiniji (definite masculine plural vocative)
ǫtinyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
ǫtinaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *ǫtinъ (hard)

Definite declension of *ǫtinъ (hard)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

Belarusian: вуці́ный (vucínyj); вуці́ная (vucínaja), вуці́нае (vucínaje), вуці́ныя (vucínyja), уці́ная (ucínaja) (dialectal)

Russian: ути́ный (utínyj); ути́ное (utínoje), ути́ной (utínoj) (dialectal)

⇒ Russian: Утин (Utin, “given name”)

From *ǫtь (“duck”) + *-inъ. From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ánˀtīˀnas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énh₂ts (“duck”). Cognate with Latin anatīnus (“duck-related”).


ǫdъka

ǫ̀dъka (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
ǫdъka (nominative singular)
ǫdъcě (dual nominative)
ǫdъky (nominative plural)
ǫdъky (genitive singular)
ǫdъku (dual genitive)
ǫdъkъ (genitive plural)
ǫdъcě (dative singular)
ǫdъkama (dative dual)
ǫdъkamъ (dative plural)
ǫdъkǫ (accusative singular)
ǫdъcě (accusative dual)
ǫdъky (accusative plural)
ǫdъkojǫ (instrumental singular)
ǫdъkǭ (instrumental singular)
ǫdъkama (dual instrumental)
ǫdъkamī (instrumental plural)
ǫdъcě (locative singular)
ǫdъku (dual locative)
ǫdъkasъ (locative plural)
ǫdъkaxъ (locative plural)
ǫdъko (singular vocative)
ǫdъcě (dual vocative)
ǫdъky (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

Belarusian: ву́дка (vúdka); ву́тка (vútka), гу́тка (hútka) (dialectal)

Russian: у́дка (údka) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: ву́дка (vúdka); у́дка (údka) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: wãdka

Polish: wędka; vůntka, vyᵉntka (dialectal)

Silesian: wyndka

Slovincian: wõdka

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: hudka

Originally a diminutive form of *ǫ̀da (“fishing rod”) + *-ъka (“diminutive suffix”).


nabasъ

nabàsъ (canonical)
nabàsъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
nabàsa (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
nabàso (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
nabàsa (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
nabàsy (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
nabàsa (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
nabàsu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
nabàsě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
nabàsu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
nabàsъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
nabàsǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
nabàso (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
nabàsomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
nabàsojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
nabàsomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
nabàsě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
nabàsě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
nabàsě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
nabàse (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
nabàso (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
nabàso (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
nabàsa (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
nabàsě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
nabàsě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
nabàsu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
nabàsu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
nabàsu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
nabàsoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
nabàsama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
nabàsoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
nabàsa (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
nabàsě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
nabàsě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
nabàsoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
nabàsama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
nabàsoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
nabàsu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
nabàsu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
nabàsu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
nabàsa (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
nabàsě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
nabàsě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
nabàsi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
nabàsy (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
nabàsa (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
nabàsъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
nabàsъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
nabàsъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
nabàsomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
nabàsamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
nabàsomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
nabàsy (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
nabàsy (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
nabàsa (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
nabàsy (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
nabàsami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
nabàsy (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
nabàsěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
nabàsaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
nabàsěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
nabàsi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
nabàsy (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
nabàsa (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
nabàsъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
nabàsaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
nabàsoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
nabàsajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
nabàsyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
nabàsajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
nabàsujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
nabàsěji (dative definite feminine singular)
nabàsujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
nabàsъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
nabàsǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
nabàsoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
nabàsyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
nabàsǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
nabàsyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
nabàsějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
nabàsěji (definite feminine locative singular)
nabàsějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
nabàsъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
nabàsaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
nabàsoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
nabàsaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
nabàsěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
nabàsěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
nabàsuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
nabàsuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
nabàsuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
nabàsyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
nabàsyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
nabàsyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
nabàsaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
nabàsěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
nabàsěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
nabàsyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
nabàsyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
nabàsyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
nabàsuju (definite dual locative masculine)
nabàsuju (definite dual feminine locative)
nabàsuju (definite dual locative neuter)
nabàsaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
nabàsěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
nabàsěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
nabàsiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
nabàsyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
nabàsaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
nabàsъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
nabàsъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
nabàsъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
nabàsyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
nabàsyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
nabàsyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
nabàsyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
nabàsyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
nabàsaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
nabàsyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
nabàsyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
nabàsyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
nabàsyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
nabàsyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
nabàsyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
nabàsiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
nabàsyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
nabàsaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *nabasъ (hard)

Definite declension of *nabasъ (hard)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

desc

Cyrillic script: на̀бас (“beautifully, superbly, admirably”) (dialectal)

Latin script: nàbas (“beautifully, superbly, admirably”) (dialectal)


nebasъkъ

nebàsъkъ (canonical)
nebàsъkъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
nebàsъka (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
nebàsъko (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
nebàsъka (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
nebàsъky (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
nebàsъka (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
nebàsъku (dative indefinite masculine singular)
nebàsъkě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
nebàsъku (dative indefinite neuter singular)
nebàsъkъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
nebàsъkǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
nebàsъko (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
nebàsъkomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
nebàsъkojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
nebàsъkomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
nebàsъkě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
nebàsъkě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
nebàsъkě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
nebàsъke (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
nebàsъko (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
nebàsъko (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
nebàsъka (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
nebàsъkě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
nebàsъkě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
nebàsъku (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
nebàsъku (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
nebàsъku (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
nebàsъkoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
nebàsъkama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
nebàsъkoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
nebàsъka (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
nebàsъkě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
nebàsъkě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
nebàsъkoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
nebàsъkama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
nebàsъkoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
nebàsъku (dual indefinite locative masculine)
nebàsъku (dual feminine indefinite locative)
nebàsъku (dual indefinite locative neuter)
nebàsъka (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
nebàsъkě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
nebàsъkě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
nebàsъki (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
nebàsъky (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
nebàsъka (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
nebàsъkъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
nebàsъkъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
nebàsъkъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
nebàsъkomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
nebàsъkamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
nebàsъkomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
nebàsъky (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
nebàsъky (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
nebàsъka (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
nebàsъky (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
nebàsъkami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
nebàsъky (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
nebàsъkěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
nebàsъkaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
nebàsъkěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
nebàsъki (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
nebàsъky (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
nebàsъka (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
nebàsъkъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
nebàsъkaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
nebàsъkoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
nebàsъkajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
nebàsъkyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
nebàsъkajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
nebàsъkujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
nebàsъkěji (dative definite feminine singular)
nebàsъkujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
nebàsъkъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
nebàsъkǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
nebàsъkoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
nebàsъkyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
nebàsъkǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
nebàsъkyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
nebàsъkějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
nebàsъkěji (definite feminine locative singular)
nebàsъkějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
nebàsъkъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
nebàsъkaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
nebàsъkoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
nebàsъkaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
nebàsъkěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
nebàsъkěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
nebàsъkuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
nebàsъkuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
nebàsъkuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
nebàsъkyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
nebàsъkyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
nebàsъkyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
nebàsъkaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
nebàsъkěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
nebàsъkěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
nebàsъkyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
nebàsъkyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
nebàsъkyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
nebàsъkuju (definite dual locative masculine)
nebàsъkuju (definite dual feminine locative)
nebàsъkuju (definite dual locative neuter)
nebàsъkaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
nebàsъkěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
nebàsъkěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
nebàsъkiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
nebàsъkyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
nebàsъkaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
nebàsъkъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
nebàsъkъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
nebàsъkъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
nebàsъkyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
nebàsъkyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
nebàsъkyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
nebàsъkyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
nebàsъkyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
nebàsъkaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
nebàsъkyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
nebàsъkyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
nebàsъkyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
nebàsъkyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
nebàsъkyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
nebàsъkyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
nebàsъkiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
nebàsъkyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
nebàsъkaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *nebasъkъ (hard)

Definite declension of *nebasъkъ (hard)

East Slavic:

desc

Russian: (Northern dialects) неба́ский (nebáskij), небаско́й (nebaskój), неба́ско (nebásko, “ugly, unsightly; rude (voice); obscene (word)”)

>? Ukrainian: (rare) небаски́й (nebaskýj, “not ardent (about a horse)”)

From *ne (“not”) + *bàsъkъ (“beautiful”). Derived from Proto-Slavic *bàsъ.


basъkъ

bàsъkъ (canonical)
bàsъkъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
bàsъka (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
bàsъko (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
bàsъka (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
bàsъky (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
bàsъka (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
bàsъku (dative indefinite masculine singular)
bàsъkě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
bàsъku (dative indefinite neuter singular)
bàsъkъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
bàsъkǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
bàsъko (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
bàsъkomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
bàsъkojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
bàsъkomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
bàsъkě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
bàsъkě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
bàsъkě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
bàsъke (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
bàsъko (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
bàsъko (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
bàsъka (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
bàsъkě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
bàsъkě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
bàsъku (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
bàsъku (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
bàsъku (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
bàsъkoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
bàsъkama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
bàsъkoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
bàsъka (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
bàsъkě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
bàsъkě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
bàsъkoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
bàsъkama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
bàsъkoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
bàsъku (dual indefinite locative masculine)
bàsъku (dual feminine indefinite locative)
bàsъku (dual indefinite locative neuter)
bàsъka (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
bàsъkě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
bàsъkě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
bàsъki (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
bàsъky (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
bàsъka (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
bàsъkъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
bàsъkъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
bàsъkъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
bàsъkomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
bàsъkamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
bàsъkomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
bàsъky (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
bàsъky (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
bàsъka (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
bàsъky (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
bàsъkami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
bàsъky (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
bàsъkěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
bàsъkaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
bàsъkěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
bàsъki (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
bàsъky (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
bàsъka (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
bàsъkъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
bàsъkaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
bàsъkoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
bàsъkajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
bàsъkyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
bàsъkajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
bàsъkujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
bàsъkěji (dative definite feminine singular)
bàsъkujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
bàsъkъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
bàsъkǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
bàsъkoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
bàsъkyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
bàsъkǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
bàsъkyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
bàsъkějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
bàsъkěji (definite feminine locative singular)
bàsъkějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
bàsъkъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
bàsъkaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
bàsъkoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
bàsъkaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
bàsъkěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
bàsъkěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
bàsъkuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
bàsъkuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
bàsъkuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
bàsъkyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
bàsъkyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
bàsъkyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
bàsъkaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
bàsъkěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
bàsъkěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
bàsъkyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
bàsъkyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
bàsъkyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
bàsъkuju (definite dual locative masculine)
bàsъkuju (definite dual feminine locative)
bàsъkuju (definite dual locative neuter)
bàsъkaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
bàsъkěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
bàsъkěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
bàsъkiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
bàsъkyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
bàsъkaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
bàsъkъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
bàsъkъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
bàsъkъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
bàsъkyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
bàsъkyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
bàsъkyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
bàsъkyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
bàsъkyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
bàsъkaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
bàsъkyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
bàsъkyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
bàsъkyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
bàsъkyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
bàsъkyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
bàsъkyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
bàsъkiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
bàsъkyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
bàsъkaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *basъkъ (hard)

Definite declension of *basъkъ (hard)

East Slavic:

desc

Russian: ба́ский (báskij), ба́ско́й (báskój, “beautiful, pretty; glib”), боско (bosko, “beautifully”) (Northern dialects)

⇒ Middle Russian: Басковъ (Baskov), Баско (Basko, “surname”) (17th cent.)

Russian: Ба́сков (Báskov, “surname”)

>? Ukrainian: баски́й (baskýj, “fast, agile, lively (often about a horse)”), ба́ско (básko, “stubborn worker; fast (horse)”)

⇒ Ukrainian: Баско́ (Baskó, “surname”)

South Slavic:

>? Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ба̑с (“quick step”)

Latin script: bȃs (“quick step”)

Naukova Dumka
uk:Білодід Іван Костянтинович
uk:Словник української мови в 11 томах


perživati

c (accent-paradigm)
perživanьje (noun-from-verb)
perživati (infinitive)
perživatъ (supine)
perživalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
perživanъ (participle passive past)
perživľemъ (participle passive present)
perživavъ (active participle past)
perživľę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
perživaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
perživa (aorist second-person singular)
perživa (aorist singular third-person)
perživľǫ (first-person present singular)
perživľeši (present second-person singular)
perživľetь (present singular third-person)
perživaxově (aorist dual first-person)
perživasta (aorist dual second-person)
perživaste (aorist dual third-person)
perživľevě (dual first-person present)
perživľeta (dual present second-person)
perživľete (dual present third-person)
perživaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
perživaste (aorist plural second-person)
perživašę (aorist plural third-person)
perživľemъ (first-person plural present)
perživľete (plural present second-person)
perživľǫtь (plural present third-person)
perživaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
perživaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
perživaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
perživľi (imperative second-person singular)
perživľi (imperative singular third-person)
perživaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
perživaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
perživaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
perživľivě (dual first-person imperative)
perživľita (dual imperative second-person)
perživaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
perživaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
perživaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
perživľimъ (first-person imperative plural)
perživľite (imperative plural second-person)
c (accent-paradigm)
perživanьje (noun-from-verb)
perživati (infinitive)
perživatъ (supine)
perživalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
perživanъ (participle passive past)
perživajemъ (participle passive present)
perživavъ (active participle past)
perživaję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
perživaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
perživa (aorist second-person singular)
perživa (aorist singular third-person)
perživajǫ (first-person present singular)
perživaješi (present second-person singular)
perživajetь (present singular third-person)
perživaxově (aorist dual first-person)
perživasta (aorist dual second-person)
perživaste (aorist dual third-person)
perživajevě (dual first-person present)
perživajeta (dual present second-person)
perživajete (dual present third-person)
perživaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
perživaste (aorist plural second-person)
perživašę (aorist plural third-person)
perživajemъ (first-person plural present)
perživajete (plural present second-person)
perživajǫtь (plural present third-person)
perživaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
perživaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
perživaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
perživaji (imperative second-person singular)
perživaji (imperative singular third-person)
perživaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
perživaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
perživaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
perživajivě (dual first-person imperative)
perživajita (dual imperative second-person)
perživaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
perživaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
perživaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
perživajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
perživajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: прѣживати (prěživati)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⱃⱑⰶⰻⰲⰰⱅⰻ (prěživati)

Bulgarian: прежи́вям (prežívjam)

Macedonian: прежива (preživa)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: прежи́вати

Latin script: prežívati

Slovene: prežívati (tonal orthography), dialectally: prežə́vati

West Slavic:

Old Czech: přěžívati

Czech:

Bohemian (Chod dialect): přežívat

to munch, (for ruminants) to regurgitate (already swallowed food for additional chewing)


basъ

bàsъ (canonical)
bàsъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
bàsa (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
bàso (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
bàsa (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
bàsy (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
bàsa (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
bàsu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
bàsě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
bàsu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
bàsъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
bàsǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
bàso (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
bàsomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
bàsojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
bàsomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
bàsě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
bàsě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
bàsě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
bàse (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
bàso (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
bàso (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
bàsa (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
bàsě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
bàsě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
bàsu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
bàsu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
bàsu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
bàsoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
bàsama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
bàsoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
bàsa (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
bàsě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
bàsě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
bàsoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
bàsama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
bàsoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
bàsu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
bàsu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
bàsu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
bàsa (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
bàsě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
bàsě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
bàsi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
bàsy (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
bàsa (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
bàsъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
bàsъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
bàsъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
bàsomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
bàsamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
bàsomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
bàsy (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
bàsy (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
bàsa (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
bàsy (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
bàsami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
bàsy (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
bàsěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
bàsaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
bàsěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
bàsi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
bàsy (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
bàsa (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
bàsъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
bàsaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
bàsoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
bàsajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
bàsyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
bàsajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
bàsujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
bàsěji (dative definite feminine singular)
bàsujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
bàsъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
bàsǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
bàsoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
bàsyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
bàsǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
bàsyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
bàsějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
bàsěji (definite feminine locative singular)
bàsějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
bàsъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
bàsaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
bàsoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
bàsaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
bàsěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
bàsěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
bàsuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
bàsuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
bàsuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
bàsyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
bàsyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
bàsyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
bàsaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
bàsěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
bàsěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
bàsyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
bàsyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
bàsyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
bàsuju (definite dual locative masculine)
bàsuju (definite dual feminine locative)
bàsuju (definite dual locative neuter)
bàsaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
bàsěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
bàsěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
bàsiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
bàsyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
bàsaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
bàsъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
bàsъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
bàsъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
bàsyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
bàsyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
bàsyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
bàsyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
bàsyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
bàsaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
bàsyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
bàsyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
bàsyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
bàsyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
bàsyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
bàsyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
bàsiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
bàsyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
bàsaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *basъ (hard)

Definite declension of *basъ (hard)

East Slavic:

desc

Russian: бас (bas), бась (basʹ), баса́ (basá, “beauty, decoration”) (Northern dialects)

→ Komi-Zyrian: бас (bas), баса (basa, “decoration”)

⇒ Komi-Zyrian: баситны (baśitny, “to decorate”), ба́ситӧм (báśitöm, “decorated”); ба́сӧк (básök, “beautiful; pretty”) (dialectal)

→⇒ Komi-Permyak: баситны (baśitny, “to decorate”), ба́ситӧм (báśitöm, “decorated”), ба́сӧк (básök, “beautiful; pretty”), ба́сӧка (básöka, “beautifully”)

Probably from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bā́ˀsas, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéh₂-s-os, from *bʰeh₂- (“to shine”). Cognate with Sanskrit भासस् (bhā́sas, “brightness, light, lustre”), भासति (bhā́sati, “shines”), भास् (bhā́s, “light, brilliance”), Ancient Greek φάος (pháos, “light”).
Aleksandr Gerd suggests origin from pre-Slavic substratum of northeastern Europe.

cog

басова́ть)

to invigorate, show impatience, zeal (about a horse)

басува́ти

on one's hind legs, jump, fool around (of a horse)

(possibly) beautiful, pretty, decorated, splendid

→? Belarusian: басíла

⇒ Russian: баси́ла (basíla), баси́ло (basílo, “dandy, fop, beau; hooligan”) (Northeastern dialects)


Vęťeslavъ

Vęťeslàvъ (canonical masculine)
Vęťeslavъ (nominative singular)
Vęťeslava (dual nominative)
Vęťeslavi (nominative plural)
Vęťeslava (genitive singular)
Vęťeslavu (dual genitive)
Vęťeslavъ (genitive plural)
Vęťeslavu (dative singular)
Vęťeslavomъ (dative plural)
Vęťeslavъ (accusative singular)
Vęťeslava (accusative dual)
Vęťeslavy (accusative plural)
Vęťeslavy (instrumental plural)
Vęťeslavě (locative singular)
Vęťeslavu (dual locative)
Vęťeslavěxъ (locative plural)
Vęťeslave (singular vocative)
Vęťeslava (dual vocative)
Vęťeslavi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: Вѧчеславъ
Middle Russian: Вѧчеславъ (Vjačeslav), Вечеславъ (Večeslav)
Russian: Вячесла́в (Vjačesláv) (see there for further descendants)
Old Ruthenian: Вѧчеславъ (Vjačeslav)
Belarusian: Вячасла́ў (Vjačasláŭ), Вацлаў (Vaclaŭ)
Carpathian Rusyn: Вячесла́в (Vjačesláv)
Ukrainian: В'ячесла́в (Vʺjačesláv), Вячесла́в (Vjačesláv)

Old Novgorodian: Вѧцеславе

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Church Slavonic: Вѧцеславъ (Russian)

Bulgarian: Венцеслав (Venceslav)

Serbo-Croatian:

desc

Cyrillic script: Већеслав, Вјенцеслав

Cyrillic script: Већеслав, Вјенцеслав

Latin script: Većeslav, Vjenceslav

Slovene: Venčeslav

West Slavic:

Old Czech: *Vęčeslav, Vácslav

Czech: Václav

→ Latin: Venceslaus

French: Venceslas

Italian: Venceslao, Vinceslao, Vincislao

Portuguese: Venceslau, Wenceslau

Spanish: Wenceslao

→ Cebuano: Wenceslao

→ English: Wenceslaus, Wenceslas

→ German: Wenceslaus, Wenzel

→ Hungarian: Vencel

Polish: Więcesław, Więcsław, Więcław, Więsław, Wacław

→ Old Ruthenian: Вѧтславъ (Vjatslav)

Slovak: Václav

From *vęťьjь (“greater, more”) + *slàva (“glory, fame”).


(j)uže

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

Belarusian: ужо́ (užó)

Russian: уже́ (užé), ужо́ (užó)

desc

Old Ukrainian: оуже (uže), оужь (užʹ), вже (vže), вжо (vžo)

Ukrainian: вже (vže), уже (uže)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: юже (juže)

Glagolitic script: ⱓⰶⰵ (juže)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ју̏р, ју̏ре, ју̑р, ју̃р (dialectal, dated)

Latin script: jȕr, jȕre, jȗr, jũr (dialectal, dated)

Slovene: jur

West Slavic:

Old Czech: juže, juž

Czech: již

Polabian: jauz

Polish: już; juże, uż (dialectal, dated)

Slovak: už

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: juž, južo

Upper Sorbian: juž, južo, hižo, huž

From *ju + *že.
The first part might possibly be *u, in which case this would be a cognate with Proto-Germanic *auk, Ancient Greek αὖγε (aûge).


jьzbyti

jьzbyvati (imperfective)
jьzbytьje (noun-from-verb)
jьzbyti (infinitive)
jьzbytъ (supine)
jьzbylъ (l-participle)
jьzbytъ (participle passive past)
jьzbyvъ (active participle past)
jьzbyxъ (aorist first-person singular)
jьzby (aorist second-person singular)
jьzbystъ (aorist second-person singular)
jьzby (aorist singular third-person)
jьzbystъ (aorist singular third-person)
jьzbǫdǫ (first-person present singular)
jьzbǫdeši (present second-person singular)
jьzbǫdetь (present singular third-person)
jьzbyxově (aorist dual first-person)
jьzbysta (aorist dual second-person)
jьzbyste (aorist dual third-person)
jьzbǫdevě (dual first-person present)
jьzbǫdeta (dual present second-person)
jьzbǫdete (dual present third-person)
jьzbyxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
jьzbyste (aorist plural second-person)
jьzbyšę (aorist plural third-person)
jьzbǫdemъ (first-person plural present)
jьzbǫdete (plural present second-person)
jьzbǫdǫtь (plural present third-person)
jьzbǫdi (imperative second-person singular)
jьzbǫdi (imperative singular third-person)
jьzbǫděvě (dual first-person imperative)
jьzbǫděta (dual imperative second-person)
jьzbǫděmъ (first-person imperative plural)
jьzbǫděte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: избꙑти (izbyti)

Old Belarusian: збыти (zbyti)

Russian: избы́ть (izbýtʹ)

Old Ukrainian: избыти (izbyti), збыть (zbytʹ)

Ukrainian: збу́ти (zbúty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: избꙑти (izbyti)

Glagolitic script: ⰺⰸⰱⱏⰹⱅⰺ (izbyti)

Bulgarian: изби́я (izbíja) (intransitive sense)

Macedonian: избие (izbie)

Serbo-Croatian: (intransitive sense)

Cyrillic script: ѝзбити

Latin script: ìzbiti

West Slavic:

Czech: zbýt

Old Polish: zbyć

Polish: zbyć

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: zbëc

Slovincian: zbëc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: zbyć

Lower Sorbian: zbyś

From *jьz- + *byti. Compare Lithuanian išbū́ti, Ancient Greek ἐκφύω (ekphúō).


gorazdъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *gorazdъ (hard)

Definite declension of *gorazdъ (hard)

gorazdъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
gorazda (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
gorazdo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
gorazda (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
gorazdy (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
gorazda (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
gorazdu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
gorazdě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
gorazdu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
gorazdъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
gorazdǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
gorazdo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
gorazdomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
gorazdojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
gorazdomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
gorazdě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
gorazdě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
gorazdě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
gorazde (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
gorazdo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
gorazdo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
gorazda (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
gorazdě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
gorazdě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
gorazdu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
gorazdu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
gorazdu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
gorazdoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
gorazdama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
gorazdoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
gorazda (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
gorazdě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
gorazdě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
gorazdoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
gorazdama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
gorazdoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
gorazdu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
gorazdu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
gorazdu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
gorazda (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
gorazdě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
gorazdě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
gorazdi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
gorazdy (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
gorazda (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
gorazdъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
gorazdъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
gorazdъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
gorazdomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
gorazdamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
gorazdomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
gorazdy (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
gorazdy (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
gorazda (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
gorazdy (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
gorazdami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
gorazdy (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
gorazděxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
gorazdaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
gorazděxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
gorazdi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
gorazdy (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
gorazda (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
gorazdъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
gorazdaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
gorazdoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
gorazdajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
gorazdyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
gorazdajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
gorazdujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
gorazději (dative definite feminine singular)
gorazdujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
gorazdъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
gorazdǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
gorazdoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
gorazdyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
gorazdǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
gorazdyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
gorazdějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
gorazději (definite feminine locative singular)
gorazdějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
gorazdъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
gorazdaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
gorazdoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
gorazdaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
gorazději (definite dual feminine nominative)
gorazději (definite dual neuter nominative)
gorazduju (definite dual genitive masculine)
gorazduju (definite dual feminine genitive)
gorazduju (definite dual genitive neuter)
gorazdyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
gorazdyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
gorazdyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
gorazdaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
gorazději (accusative definite dual feminine)
gorazději (accusative definite dual neuter)
gorazdyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
gorazdyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
gorazdyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
gorazduju (definite dual locative masculine)
gorazduju (definite dual feminine locative)
gorazduju (definite dual locative neuter)
gorazdaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
gorazději (definite dual feminine vocative)
gorazději (definite dual neuter vocative)
gorazdiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
gorazdyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
gorazdaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
gorazdъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
gorazdъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
gorazdъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
gorazdyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
gorazdyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
gorazdyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
gorazdyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
gorazdyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
gorazdaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
gorazdyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
gorazdyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
gorazdyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
gorazdyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
gorazdyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
gorazdyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
gorazdiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
gorazdyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
gorazdaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

uk:Гринчишин Дмитро Григорович

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: гораздъ (gorazdŭ), гораздꙑи (gorazdyi)

Belarusian: гора́здый (horázdyj)

Russian: гора́зд (gorázd), гара́здый (garázdyj) (dialectal)

Old Ukrainian: гораздъ (horazd), гараздъ (harazd)

Ukrainian: гара́зд (harázd, “good, neat”); гора́зд (gorázd) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: Гораздъ (Gorazdŭ) (personal name)

→ Bulgarian: Гора́зд (Gorázd)

→ Macedonian: Горазд (Gorazd)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: Го̀разд

Latin script: Gòrazd

⇒ Serbo-Croatian: Goražde (Bosnian, toponym)

Slovene: Górazd (personal name)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: horazd (“big”)

Disputed. Traditionally speculated to be a Gothic borrowing, presumably from an unattested *ga- (“co-”) + *razdaz (“sound, melodic”), probably originally meaning “consonant, coherent”. If correct, then akin to Gothic 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰 (razda, “speech”). A problem with this hypothesis is that the expected proto-Slavic reflex of the proposed Germanic term should be **gorozdъ. Stender-Petersen alternatively proposes a native origin from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to turn, to grasp, to craft”) + *-azdъ.

der

→ great, important

experienced, successful, prominent (in a field of expertise)

gorazda

*gorazditi (“to rage; to construct, to rise”)


ladъ

a (accent-paradigm)
ladъ (nominative singular)
làda (dual nominative)
làdi (nominative plural)
làda (genitive singular)
làdu (dual genitive)
làdъ (genitive plural)
làdu (dative singular)
làdoma (dative dual)
làdomъ (dative plural)
ladъ (accusative singular)
làda (accusative dual)
làdy (accusative plural)
làdъmь (instrumental singular)
làdomь (instrumental singular)
làdoma (dual instrumental)
làdȳ (instrumental plural)
làdě (locative singular)
làdu (dual locative)
làdě̄xъ (locative plural)
làde (singular vocative)
làda (dual vocative)
làdi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ладъ (ladŭ)

Belarusian: лад (lad)

Russian: лад (lad)

Ukrainian: лад (lad)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: лад (dialectal)

Latin script: lad (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Czech: lad

Polish: ład

Unknown. Gothic 𐌻𐌴𐍄𐌰𐌽 (lētan, “to let”) is suggested as a cognate. If not, might be related to root *la- of Proto-Slavic *lagoda (“carelessness, pleasure”).


žasъ

žasъ (nominative singular)
žasa (dual nominative)
žasi (nominative plural)
žasa (genitive singular)
žasu (dual genitive)
žasъ (genitive plural)
žasu (dative singular)
žasoma (dative dual)
žasomъ (dative plural)
žasъ (accusative singular)
žasa (accusative dual)
žasy (accusative plural)
žasъmь (instrumental singular)
žasomь (instrumental singular)
žasoma (dual instrumental)
žasy (instrumental plural)
žasě (locative singular)
žasu (dual locative)
žasěxъ (locative plural)
žase (singular vocative)
žasa (dual vocative)
žasi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: жах (žax)

Ukrainian: жах (žax)

West Slavic:

Czech: žas (dialectal)

Slovak: žas (obsolete)

⇒ Polish: żachnąć się

Related to *užasъ, of disputed origin.
East Slavic forms exhibit final -х under the influence of analogous emotional states: *straxъ (“fear”), *upolxъ (“timidness”), *směxъ (“laughter”).


zudъ

zȗdъ (canonical masculine)
Slavic (East)
c (accent-paradigm)
zȗdъ (nominative singular)
zȗda (dual nominative)
zȗdi (nominative plural)
zȗda (genitive singular)
zudù (dual genitive)
zũdъ (genitive plural)
zȗdu (dative singular)
zudomà (dative dual)
zudòmъ (dative plural)
zȗdъ (accusative singular)
zȗda (accusative dual)
zȗdy (accusative plural)
zȗdъmь (instrumental singular)
zȗdomь (instrumental singular)
zudomà (dual instrumental)
zudý (instrumental plural)
zȗdě (locative singular)
zudù (dual locative)
zudě̃xъ (locative plural)
zude (singular vocative)
zȗda (dual vocative)
zȗdi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: зуд (zud)

Not entirely clear:
* Vasmer: Akin to Lithuanian žaudùs, žiaudùs (“itchy, irritating”), formally matching related Proto-Slavic *zudъkъ (“itchy”) (whence Russian зу́дкий, зудко́й (zúdkij, zudkój, “itchy”)). Possibly further related to Old Norse kaun (“ulcer, abscess”) (Proto-Germanic *kauną).
* Preobrazhensky: Perhaps deverbal from homophonous onomatopoeia *zuděti (“to buzz, to hum”). For the semantic development, compare the phrase Russian зуде́ть на у́хо (zudétʹ na úxo, “to vex, to nag”) (literally: “to buzz on one's ear”).

зу́дкий, зудко́й

зуде́ть на у́хо


gavědь

gavědь (nominative singular)
gavědi (dual nominative)
gavědi (nominative plural)
gavědi (genitive singular)
gavědьju (dual genitive)
gavědьjь (genitive plural)
gavědi (dative singular)
gavědьma (dative dual)
gavědьmъ (dative plural)
gavědь (accusative singular)
gavědi (accusative dual)
gavědi (accusative plural)
gavědьjǫ (instrumental singular)
gavědьma (dual instrumental)
gavědьmi (instrumental plural)
gavědi (locative singular)
gavědьju (dual locative)
gavědьxъ (locative plural)
gavědi (singular vocative)
gavědi (dual vocative)
gavědi (plural vocative)
gavědь (nominative singular)
gavědi (dual nominative)
gavědьje (nominative plural)
gavědi (genitive singular)
gavědьju (dual genitive)
gavědьjь (genitive plural)
gavědi (dative singular)
gavědьma (dative dual)
gavědьmъ (dative plural)
gavědь (accusative singular)
gavědi (accusative dual)
gavědi (accusative plural)
gavědьmь (instrumental singular)
gavědьma (dual instrumental)
gavědьmi (instrumental plural)
gavědi (locative singular)
gavědьju (dual locative)
gavědьxъ (locative plural)
gavědi (singular vocative)
gavědi (dual vocative)
gavědьje (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Belarusian: га́віда (hávida, “mob, pack”) (dialectal)

Russian: га́ведь (gávedʹ); (dialectal) га́веда (gáveda), гавяда́ (gavjadá)

Ukrainian: га́веда (háveda, “nest of parasites, bugs”) (dialectal)

⇒ Ukrainian: га́ведня (hávednja, “scum, filth”)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: га́вед f (gáved, “wild stock”), га́вед m (gáved, “creep, beast”) (dialectal)

Macedonian: гавет m (gavet) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian: га̏ве̄д (dialectal, Serbian)

West Slavic:

Czech: havěď f (“nuisance, pest; domestic bird”), havjeď m (“fierce creature, brute”)

Polish: gawiedź

Slovak: háveď

Per Brückner, Mladenov, Trubačev: originally a collective noun from *gaviti (“to vex, to blemish”) + *-ědь (doubted by Vasmer). Apparently, cognate with Lithuanian govėdà (“lots, multitude”), which is akin to góvija, góvėna (“mob, gang”) and likely gaujà (“pack”). Further origin uncertain. Proposals have been made for descent from Proto-Indo-European *gʷewH- (“to defecate”) or from the onomatopoeia Proto-Slavic *gavati (“to bark, to roar”).
Comparison has also been drawn to *govь, *govędo (“cattle”) and furthermore Lithuanian guõtas (“group, flock”). Per Lubotsky, perhaps all of them ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₃- (“to consume, to sustain”). If right, then possibly also related to Proto-Germanic *kudją (“herd, livestock”).

gava

*gavati (“to bark, to croak, to roar”) (possibly)

→ filth, dirt

→ (figurative) low behaviour, disgrace

→ wild stock

→ wild creature, beast

disorganized group of people/animals (crowd, mob)


žestъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *žestъ (hard)

Definite declension of *žestъ (hard)

žestъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
žesta (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
žesto (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
žesta (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
žesty (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
žesta (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
žestu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
žestě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
žestu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
žestъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
žestǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
žesto (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
žestomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
žestojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
žestomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
žestě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
žestě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
žestě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
žeste (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
žesto (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
žesto (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
žesta (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
žestě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
žestě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
žestu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
žestu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
žestu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
žestoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
žestama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
žestoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
žesta (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
žestě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
žestě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
žestoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
žestama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
žestoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
žestu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
žestu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
žestu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
žesta (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
žestě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
žestě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
žesti (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
žesty (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
žesta (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
žestъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
žestъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
žestъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
žestomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
žestamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
žestomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
žesty (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
žesty (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
žesta (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
žesty (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
žestami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
žesty (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
žestěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
žestaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
žestěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
žesti (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
žesty (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
žesta (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
žestъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
žestaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
žestoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
žestajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
žestyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
žestajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
žestujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
žestěji (dative definite feminine singular)
žestujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
žestъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
žestǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
žestoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
žestyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
žestǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
žestyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
žestějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
žestěji (definite feminine locative singular)
žestějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
žestъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
žestaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
žestoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
žestaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
žestěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
žestěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
žestuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
žestuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
žestuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
žestyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
žestyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
žestyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
žestaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
žestěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
žestěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
žestyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
žestyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
žestyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
žestuju (definite dual locative masculine)
žestuju (definite dual feminine locative)
žestuju (definite dual locative neuter)
žestaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
žestěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
žestěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
žestiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
žestyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
žestaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
žestъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
žestъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
žestъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
žestyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
žestyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
žestyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
žestyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
žestyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
žestaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
žestyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
žestyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
žestyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
žestyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
žestyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
žestyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
žestiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
žestyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
žestaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: жестъ (žestŭ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: жестъ (žestŭ)


zveno

zvenò (canonical neuter)
b (accent-paradigm)
zvenò (nominative singular)
zvèně (dual nominative)
zvenà (nominative plural)
zvenà (genitive singular)
zvenù (dual genitive)
zvènъ (genitive plural)
zvenù (dative singular)
zvenòma (dative dual)
zvenòmъ (dative plural)
zvenò (accusative singular)
zvèně (accusative dual)
zvenà (accusative plural)
zvenъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
zvenòmь (instrumental singular)
zvenòma (dual instrumental)
zvèny (instrumental plural)
zveně̀ (locative singular)
zvenù (dual locative)
zvèněxъ (locative plural)
zvenò (singular vocative)
zvèně (dual vocative)
zvenà (plural vocative)
b (accent-paradigm)
zveno (nominative singular)
zvenèsi (dual nominative)
zvenèsā (nominative plural)
zvenèse (genitive singular)
zvenèsu (dual genitive)
zvenèsъ (genitive plural)
zvenèsi (dative singular)
zvenèsьma (dative dual)
zvenèsьmъ (dative plural)
zveno (accusative singular)
zvenèsi (accusative dual)
zvenèsā (accusative plural)
zvenèsьmь (instrumental singular)
zvenèsьma (dual instrumental)
zvenèsȳ (instrumental plural)
zvenèse (locative singular)
zvenèsu (dual locative)
zvenèsьxъ (locative plural)
zveno (singular vocative)
zvenèsi (dual vocative)
zvenèsā (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: звено́ (zvenó)

Ukrainian: звено́ (zvenó)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: звено́ (zvenó) (possibly a Russian borrowing)

West Slavic:

Polabian: zvenü

Old Polish: zwono
Polish: dzwono

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: zwjeno

Upper Sorbian: zwjeno

Dubious. At a surface level, resembles an instrumental noun of hypothetical *zuti ~ *zъvati + *-eno, however, no attested root with this structure correlates semantically with *zveno. Proposed alternatives within the scholarly discourse include:
* Per Mikkola: Metathesis of an earlier *zenvo (or perhaps *znevo) from Proto-Indo-European *ǵónu ~ *ǵnéws (“knee”).
* Per Vaillant, Smoczyński: Perhaps a substantivation of a relic adjective *zy (“fish”) (unattested) + *-enъ, near cognate with Lithuanian žuvìnis (“of fish”), žvýnė (“fish dish”), Latvian zviņi (“of fish”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰu-).

der

junction, nexus, link (East, South Slavic)


žestokъ

žestòkъ (canonical)
žestokъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
žestoka (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
žestoko (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
žestoka (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
žestoky (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
žestoka (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
žestoku (dative indefinite masculine singular)
žestokě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
žestoku (dative indefinite neuter singular)
žestokъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
žestokǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
žestoko (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
žestokomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
žestokojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
žestokomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
žestokě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
žestokě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
žestokě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
žestoke (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
žestoko (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
žestoko (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
žestoka (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
žestokě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
žestokě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
žestoku (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
žestoku (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
žestoku (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
žestokoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
žestokama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
žestokoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
žestoka (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
žestokě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
žestokě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
žestokoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
žestokama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
žestokoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
žestoku (dual indefinite locative masculine)
žestoku (dual feminine indefinite locative)
žestoku (dual indefinite locative neuter)
žestoka (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
žestokě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
žestokě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
žestoki (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
žestoky (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
žestoka (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
žestokъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
žestokъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
žestokъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
žestokomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
žestokamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
žestokomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
žestoky (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
žestoky (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
žestoka (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
žestoky (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
žestokami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
žestoky (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
žestokěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
žestokaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
žestokěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
žestoki (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
žestoky (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
žestoka (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
žestokъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
žestokaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
žestokoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
žestokajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
žestokyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
žestokajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
žestokujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
žestokěji (dative definite feminine singular)
žestokujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
žestokъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
žestokǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
žestokoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
žestokyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
žestokǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
žestokyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
žestokějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
žestokěji (definite feminine locative singular)
žestokějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
žestokъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
žestokaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
žestokoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
žestokaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
žestokěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
žestokěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
žestokuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
žestokuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
žestokuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
žestokyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
žestokyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
žestokyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
žestokaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
žestokěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
žestokěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
žestokyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
žestokyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
žestokyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
žestokuju (definite dual locative masculine)
žestokuju (definite dual feminine locative)
žestokuju (definite dual locative neuter)
žestokaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
žestokěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
žestokěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
žestokiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
žestokyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
žestokaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
žestokъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
žestokъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
žestokъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
žestokyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
žestokyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
žestokyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
žestokyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
žestokyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
žestokaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
žestokyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
žestokyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
žestokyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
žestokyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
žestokyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
žestokyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
žestokiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
žestokyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
žestokaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *žestokъ (hard)

Definite declension of *žestokъ (hard)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: жестокъ (žestokŭ)

Belarusian: жасто́кі (žastóki)

Russian: жесто́кий (žestókij)

Ukrainian: жорсто́кий (žorstókyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: жестокъ (žestokŭ)

Bulgarian: жесто́к (žestók)

Macedonian: жесток (žestok)

Serbo-Croatian:

desc

Cyrillic script: же̏сток (“bitter, sour, cruel”)

Latin script: žȅstok (“sour, severe, savage”)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: žestòk (“savage, evil”) (tonal orthography)

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: jestoc

Extended from an earlier *žestъ + *-okъ, parallel to *žestъkъ (k-extended u-stem). Further origin uncertain.
Mladenov, Iljinsky considered relation with Latin hostis (“enemy”) (meaning developed from an original “guest” → “foreigner, stranger” → “foe”), Sanskrit घसति (ghásati, “to eat, to nurish”) from Proto-Indo-European *gʰes- (“to host”), which nowadays is usually rejected for semantic reasons. Skok tentatively proposes derivation from Proto-Slavic *žegťi (“to heat up”) (probably on account of the Serbo-Croatian meaning “bitter, sour”), which is phonotactically dubious. Per Vasmer, more likely akin to Old Norse kǫs f (“heap, pile”), Old High German kes n (“(mountain) glacier”) or perhaps Irish gallán (“pillar, stone”) < *gaslā.

cog

stern, hard, stiff, rigid (for material)

(in Serbo-Croatian) bitter, sour (for taste)

(figurative) cruel, fierce, harsh, severe (for personality, behavior, attitude)


vyzъ

vy̑zъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
vy̑zъ (nominative singular)
vy̑za (dual nominative)
vy̑zi (nominative plural)
vy̑za (genitive singular)
vyzù (dual genitive)
vỹzъ (genitive plural)
vy̑zu (dative singular)
vyzomà (dative dual)
vyzòmъ (dative plural)
vy̑zъ (accusative singular)
vy̑za (accusative dual)
vy̑zy (accusative plural)
vy̑zъmь (instrumental singular)
vy̑zomь (instrumental singular)
vyzomà (dual instrumental)
vyzý (instrumental plural)
vy̑zě (locative singular)
vyzù (dual locative)
vyzě̃xъ (locative plural)
vyze (singular vocative)
vy̑za (dual vocative)
vy̑zi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old Ruthenian: визъ (viz)

Belarusian: віз (viz)

Ukrainian: виз (vyz)

desc

→ Russian: виз (viz) (rare), ⇒ визи́га (vizíga)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ви̑з

Latin script: vȋz

West Slavic:

Old Czech: Vyz (proper noun)

Old Slovak: vyz

Polish: wyz

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wyz

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: viz (rare)

Borrowed from Proto-West Germanic *hūsō, ultimately from unknown source, possibly from substrate language. Derivative from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to hide”) was also proposed, compare Ancient Greek κύστις (kústis, “bladder”), as the bladder is what is valuable about this fish.

cog

beluga (any fish of the species Huso huso)

be:Віктар Уладзіміравіч Мартынаў
be:Генадзь Апанасавіч Цыхун


žiliti

žilovati (perfective)
žiľenьje (noun-from-verb)
žiliti (infinitive)
žilitъ (supine)
žililъ (l-participle)
žiľenъ (participle passive past)
žilimъ (participle passive present)
žiľь (active participle past)
žilę (active participle present)
žilixъ (aorist first-person singular)
žili (aorist second-person singular)
žili (aorist singular third-person)
žiľǫ (first-person present singular)
žiliši (present second-person singular)
žilitь (present singular third-person)
žilixově (aorist dual first-person)
žilista (aorist dual second-person)
žiliste (aorist dual third-person)
žilivě (dual first-person present)
žilita (dual present second-person)
žilite (dual present third-person)
žilixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
žiliste (aorist plural second-person)
žilišę (aorist plural third-person)
žilimъ (first-person plural present)
žilite (plural present second-person)
žilętь (plural present third-person)
žiľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
žiľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
žiľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
žili (imperative second-person singular)
žili (imperative singular third-person)
žiľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
žiľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
žiľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
žilivě (dual first-person imperative)
žilita (dual imperative second-person)
žiľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
žiľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
žiľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
žilimъ (first-person imperative plural)
žilite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

q

technically reflects <i class="Latn mention" lang="sla-pro">*žiľati</i>

⇒ Russian: жиля́ть (žiljátʹ) (dialectal, technically reflects *žiľati)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: жи́ля (žílja)

Macedonian: жили (žili)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жи̏лити (dialectal)

Latin script: žȉliti (dialectal)

⇒ Slovene: žíljati (dialectal, technically reflects *žiľati)

Intensive causative of *želti (“to cause pain”) + *-iti, with narrowing and elongation of the root vowel. Cognate with dialectal Lithuanian gėlioti (“to sting”).
For the dialectal Russian reflex, Vasmer presumes influence from synonymous *žędliti, whence standard Russian жа́лить (žálitʹ).

to bite (for vertebrates), to sting (for invertebrates)


esmъ

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: есмъ (esmŭ)

Russian: есмы́ (jesmý) (archaic)

Ukrainian: єсьмо́ (jesʹmó) (archaic)

desc

Old Novgorodian: есме (esme), есмꙑ (esmy)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ѥсмъ (jesmŭ)

Bulgarian: сме (sme)

Macedonian: сме (sme), смо (smo) (dialectal), сне (sne) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: јесмо, смо

Latin script: jesmo, smo

Old Slovene: gezm

Slovene: smo

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jsmy

Czech: jsme

Kashubian: jesmë

Old Polish: jesmy

Polish: jesteśmy, -śmy

Slovak: sme


sętь

Church Slavonic: сѧтъ

South Slavic:

Macedonian: сет (set), ?се (se)

West Slavic:

Slovak: sa

From Proto-Balto-Slavic [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *h₁sénti, verb form of *h₁ésti.
Cognate with
Sanskrit सन्ति (sánti),
Ancient Greek εἰσί (eisí), Doric Greek ἐντί (entí),
Umbrian sent,
Oscan set,
Old Irish it,
Proto-Germanic *sindi.


sǫtь

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: суть (sutĭ)

Russian: суть f (sutʹ, “essence, core, gist”)

Ukrainian: суть f (sutʹ, “essence, core, gist”)

Old Novgorodian: соуть (sutĭ), су (su)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: сѫтъ (sǫtŭ)

Bulgarian: са (sa)

Macedonian: се (se), сет (set) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: су, јѐсу

Latin script: su, jèsu

Old Slovene: sunt

Slovene: sȍ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sú

Czech: jsou

Kashubian: są

Old Polish: są

Polish: są

Slovak: sú

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: su

Lower Sorbian: su

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sánti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁sonti, verb form of *h₁ésti.
Cognate with Latin sunt.


esmь

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: есмь (esmĭ)

Russian: есмь (jesmʹ)

Ukrainian: єсьм (jesʹm)

Old Novgorodian: есмь (esmĭ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ѥсмь (jesmĭ)

Bulgarian: съм (sǎm), сам (sam)

Macedonian: сум (sum)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: јѐсам, сам

Latin script: jèsam, sam

Old Slovene: ieſem

Slovene: sem

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jsem,

Czech: jsem

Bohemian (Chod dialect): sem

Kashubian: jem

Old Polish: jeśm (iesm/gesm)

Polish: -m

⇒ Old Polish: jest jeśm, jestem

Polish: jestem

Slovak: som

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: sym

Lower Sorbian: som

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *esmi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi.
Baltic cognates are
Lithuanian esmì,
Old Prussian asmai.
Indo-European cognates are
Tocharian A ṣem,
Tocharian B ṣeym,
Sanskrit अस्मि (asmi),
Avestan 𐬀𐬵𐬨𐬍 (ahmī),
Old Armenian եմ (em),
Hittite 𒂊𒌍𒈪 (esmi),
Ancient Greek εἰμί (eimí), Aeolic Greek ἔμμι (émmi),
Albanian jam,
Latin sum,
Proto-Germanic *immi,
English am,
Old Norse em.

first-person singular present of *byti (I am)


běxъ

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: бѣхъ (běxŭ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: бѣхъ (běxŭ)

Bulgarian: бях (bjah)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бе̏х, бје̏х, би̏ја̄х, бе̏ја̄х

Latin script: bȅh, bjȅh, bȉjāh, bȅjāh

West Slavic:

Old Czech: biech

Old Polish: biech

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: běch

Lower Sorbian: běch

first-person singular imperfective aorist of *byti


bě

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ⰱⱑ (bě)

Bulgarian: бе (be)

West Slavic:

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: bě


bě

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: бѣ (bě)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: бѣ (bě)

Bulgarian: бе (be)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бје

Latin script: bje

Old Slovene: be

West Slavic:

Old Czech: bě (bie/bye)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: bě

Lower Sorbian: bě

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰuHeh₁t? (bhu̯ēt), from *bʰuH-, *-éh₁ti. Morphologically, *bvě, aorist of zero-grade *bъ- (*bv-) + stative *-ěti.
Cognate with
Old Prussian be, bēi,
Ancient Greek φύω (phúō).


želdь

c (accent-paradigm)
žȇldь (nominative singular)
žȇldi (dual nominative)
žȇldi (nominative plural)
želdí (genitive singular)
želdьjù (dual genitive)
želdь̀jь (genitive plural)
žȇldi (dative singular)
želdьmà (dative dual)
žȇldьmъ (dative plural)
žȇldь (accusative singular)
žȇldi (accusative dual)
žȇldi (accusative plural)
želdьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
želdьmà (dual instrumental)
želdьmì (instrumental plural)
želdí (locative singular)
želdьjù (dual locative)
žȇldьxъ (locative plural)
želdi (singular vocative)
žȇldi (dual vocative)
žȇldi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *желедь (*želedĭ)

⇒ Russian: о́желедь (óželedʹ), ожеле́дь (oželédʹ) (dialectal)

⇒ Ukrainian: о́желедь (óželedʹ)

West Slavic:

Polish: żłódź (obsolescent)

Slovincian: zlõdz

Per Snoj, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *gʰélh₂dih₂ ~ *gʰl̥h₂dyéh₂s (proterokinetic). Oblique stem attested in Ancient Greek χάλαζα (khálaza, “hail, sleet”).


želdica

želdica (nominative singular)
želdici (dual nominative)
želdicę̇ (nominative plural)
želdicę̇ (genitive singular)
želdicu (dual genitive)
želdicь (genitive plural)
želdici (dative singular)
želdicama (dative dual)
želdicamъ (dative plural)
želdicǫ (accusative singular)
želdici (accusative dual)
želdicę̇ (accusative plural)
želdicejǫ (instrumental singular)
želdicǫ (instrumental singular)
želdicama (dual instrumental)
želdicami (instrumental plural)
želdici (locative singular)
želdicu (dual locative)
želdicasъ (locative plural)
želdicaxъ (locative plural)
želdice (singular vocative)
želdici (dual vocative)
želdicę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

⇒ Russian: ожеле́дица (oželédica)

⇒ Ukrainian: ожеле́диця (oželédycja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: жлѣдица (žlědica)

Slovene: žlẹdíca (tonal orthography)

⇒ Slovene: požlẹdíca


želdъ

žȇldъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
žȇldъ (nominative singular)
žȇlda (dual nominative)
žȇldi (nominative plural)
žȇlda (genitive singular)
želdù (dual genitive)
žẽldъ (genitive plural)
žȇldu (dative singular)
želdomà (dative dual)
želdòmъ (dative plural)
žȇldъ (accusative singular)
žȇlda (accusative dual)
žȇldy (accusative plural)
žȇldъmь (instrumental singular)
žȇldomь (instrumental singular)
želdomà (dual instrumental)
želdý (instrumental plural)
žȇldě (locative singular)
želdù (dual locative)
želdě̃xъ (locative plural)
želde (singular vocative)
žȇlda (dual vocative)
žȇldi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

⇒ Russian: ожеле́дица f (oželédica)

South Slavic:

Slovene: žlẹ̑d (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Polabian: zlåd

* Modern interpretation (per Derksen, Beekes, Snoj): Akin to Ancient Greek χάλαζα (khálaza, “hail, sleet”), Persian ژاله (žâle, “hail, hoarfrost”), presumably from Proto-Indo-European *gʰelh₂d-.
* Older interpretation (per Preobrazhensky, Walde): Possibly related to Proto-Slavic *golotь (“hoar”), Lithuanian gélmenis (“frost”), more commonly derived from Proto-Indo-European *gel(H)- (“to be cold”). Considered as "less probably" by Vasmer.


golěno

gȍlěno (canonical neuter)
c (accent-paradigm)
gȍlěno (nominative singular)
gȍlěně (dual nominative)
golěnà (nominative plural)
gȍlěna (genitive singular)
golěnù (dual genitive)
golě̃nъ (genitive plural)
gȍlěnu (dative singular)
golěnomà (dative dual)
golěnòmъ (dative plural)
gȍlěno (accusative singular)
gȍlěně (accusative dual)
golěnà (accusative plural)
gȍlěnъmь (instrumental singular)
gȍlěnomь (instrumental singular)
golěnomà (dual instrumental)
golěný (instrumental plural)
gȍlěně (locative singular)
golěnù (dual locative)
golěně̃xъ (locative plural)
golěno (singular vocative)
gȍlěně (dual vocative)
golěnà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Russian: го́лено (góleno), голя́на f (goljána) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: го́лен m (gólen) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian: (rare)

Cyrillic script: го̏ле̄н m

Cyrillic script: го̏ле̄н m

Slovene: goléno (tonal orthography) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: holeno

Alternative form of *gȍlěnь (“shin, shank”)


gutorъ

gutorъ (nominative singular)
gutora (dual nominative)
gutori (nominative plural)
gutora (genitive singular)
gutoru (dual genitive)
gutorъ (genitive plural)
gutoru (dative singular)
gutoroma (dative dual)
gutoromъ (dative plural)
gutorъ (accusative singular)
gutora (accusative dual)
gutory (accusative plural)
gutorъmь (instrumental singular)
gutoromь (instrumental singular)
gutoroma (dual instrumental)
gutory (instrumental plural)
gutorě (locative singular)
gutoru (dual locative)
gutorěxъ (locative plural)
gutore (singular vocative)
gutora (dual vocative)
gutori (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: гу́тор (gútor); гуто́р (gutór), гуто́ра f (gutóra) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: гу́тір (hútir)

West Slavic:

Slovak: hútor (dialectal)

From Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾owH- (“to call, name”) + *-torъ. Possibly akin to Slovak hutať (“to guess, to ponder”), Ukrainian гута́ти (hutáty, “to disrupt discussion”) (whence гу́танка (hútanka, “chatter, chaotic discussion”)), formally reflecting Proto-Slavic *gutati.


gaťę

gaťę̇ (nominative plural)
gaťь (genitive plural)
gaťamъ (dative plural)
gaťę̇ (accusative plural)
gaťami (instrumental plural)
gaťasъ (locative plural)
gaťaxъ (locative plural)
gaťę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *гачѣ (*gačě) if plural and *гачи (*gači) if dual

Russian: га́чи (gáči), га́ти (gáti)

Ukrainian: га́чі (háči)

→ Finnish: kaatiot

→ Ingrian: kaatiat

South Slavic:

Russian Church Slavonic: гащѧ

→ Russian: га́щи (gášči)

desc

Bulgarian: га́щи (gášti), гащя́ (gaštjá)

Macedonian: гаќи (gaḱi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: га̏ће

desctree

Latin: gȁće
→ Hungarian: gatya
→ Austrian German: Gate

Slovene: gȃče, gȃte

West Slavic:

Old Czech: háce

Czech: hace

Old Polish: gace

Polish: gacie

→ Czech: gatě, gaťe, katě

⇒ gaťky

→ Slovak: gate, gaťe,

⇒ gatky

→ Yiddish: גאַטקעס (gatkes)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: haca

Lower Sorbian: gaca

Most conveniently explained from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₂- (“to go, to walk around”) which was displaced by Proto-Slavic *jьti but is retained in dialectal Lithuanian góti apart from some old derivations. Stankiewicz, before this was understood, proposed *gʰeh₁bʰ- (“to grab”) found as Proto-Slavic *gabati (“to grab”) meaning in Lithuanian góbti also “to wrap, to cover”, however from the first root there is *gatь (“a causeway through swamps”), and suffixed + *-ja one had therefore (one leg of a pair or trinity of) rain trousers for walking through swamps, which is particularly likely since one knows that the Slavs before their expansion dwelt in the Polish swamps.


govori

c (accent-paradigm)
govořà (nominative singular)
gȍvoři (dual nominative)
gȍvořę̇ (nominative plural)
govořę̇́ (genitive singular)
govořù (dual genitive)
govòřь (genitive plural)
govořì (dative singular)
govořàma (dative dual)
govořàmъ (dative plural)
gȍvořǫ (accusative singular)
gȍvoři (accusative dual)
gȍvořę̇ (accusative plural)
govořejǫ́ (instrumental singular)
govořàma (dual instrumental)
govořàmi (instrumental plural)
gȍvořī (locative singular)
govořù (dual locative)
govořàsъ (locative plural)
govořàxъ (locative plural)
govoře (singular vocative)
gȍvoři (dual vocative)
gȍvořę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Russian: го́ворь (góvorʹ, “chatter, jabber”), гово́ря (govórja, “verbalization”) (Central, Northern dialects)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: говори́я (govoríja), говорня́ (govornjá, “pandemonium”) (colloquial)

From *govorъ (“uttarence, talk”) + *-i, eventually levelled out as i-stem or jā-stem in descendants.

Augmentative of *gȍvorъ (“talk, speech”)


běaše

East Slavic:

Old Novgorodian: бѣше (běše)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: бѣаше (běaše), бѣѣше (bějěše), бѣше (běše)

Bulgarian: бе́ше (béše)

Macedonian: беше (beše)

Serbo-Croatian:

Unspecified script:

West Slavic:

Old Czech: bieše

Old Polish: biesze

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: běše

Lower Sorbian: běšo

second-person singular imperfective imperfect of *byti

third-person singular imperfective imperfect of *byti


běšę

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: бѣшѧ

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: беше

Latin script: beše

Old Slovene: beſe

third-person plural imperfective aorist of *byti


běaxǫ

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: бѣахѫ (běaxǫ), бѣхѫ (běxǫ)

Bulgarian: бя́ха (bjáha)

Macedonian: беа (bea)

Serbo-Croatian:

Unspecified script:

West Slavic:

Old Czech: biechu

Old Polish: biechą

third-person plural imperfective imperfect of *byti


gavъkati

gavъkanьje (noun-from-verb)
gavъkati (infinitive)
gavъkatъ (supine)
gavъkalъ (l-participle)
gavъkanъ (participle passive past)
gavъkajemъ (participle passive present)
gavъkavъ (active participle past)
gavъkaję (active participle present)
gavъkaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
gavъka (aorist second-person singular)
gavъka (aorist singular third-person)
gavъkajǫ (first-person present singular)
gavъkaješi (present second-person singular)
gavъkajetь (present singular third-person)
gavъkaxově (aorist dual first-person)
gavъkasta (aorist dual second-person)
gavъkaste (aorist dual third-person)
gavъkajevě (dual first-person present)
gavъkajeta (dual present second-person)
gavъkajete (dual present third-person)
gavъkaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gavъkaste (aorist plural second-person)
gavъkašę (aorist plural third-person)
gavъkajemъ (first-person plural present)
gavъkajete (plural present second-person)
gavъkajǫtь (plural present third-person)
gavъkaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gavъkaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gavъkaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gavъkaji (imperative second-person singular)
gavъkaji (imperative singular third-person)
gavъkaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gavъkaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gavъkaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gavъkajivě (dual first-person imperative)
gavъkajita (dual imperative second-person)
gavъkaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gavъkaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gavъkaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gavъkajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
gavъkajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: га́вкаць (hávkacʹ)

Russian: га́вкать (gávkatʹ) (colloquial)

Ukrainian: га́вкати (hávkaty) (colloquial)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: га́вкам (gávkam) (dialectal)

⇒ Bulgarian: джа́вкам (džávkam) (standard, with expressive *ď-)

Macedonian: гавка (gavka) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: га̑вкати

Latin script: gȃvkati

West Slavic:

Czech: havkať (dialectal)

Slovak: havkať

Onomatopoeic, from *gavъ (“caw, bark”) + *-kati.

Alternative form of *gavati (“to caw, to bark”)