ędro

ędro (nominative singular)
ędrě (dual nominative)
ędra (nominative plural)
ędra (genitive singular)
ędru (dual genitive)
ędrъ (genitive plural)
ędru (dative singular)
ędroma (dative dual)
ędromъ (dative plural)
ędro (accusative singular)
ędrě (accusative dual)
ędra (accusative plural)
ędrъmь (instrumental singular)
ędromь (instrumental singular)
ędroma (dual instrumental)
ędry (instrumental plural)
ędrě (locative singular)
ędru (dual locative)
ędrěxъ (locative plural)
ędro (singular vocative)
ędrě (dual vocative)
ędra (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ꙗдро (jadro)

Belarusian: ядро́ (jadró)

desctree

Russian: ядро́ (jadró)
→ Bulgarian: ядро́ (jadró)
→ Kazakh: ядро (ädro)
→ Kyrgyz: ядро (yadro)

Carpathian Rusyn: ядро́ (jadró)

Ukrainian: ядро́ (jadró)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: ѩдро

Macedonian: јадро (jadro)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: је̏дро

Latin script: jȅdro

desc

Kajkavian Serbo-Croatian: jādrȅ (“kernel, core”), jãdro

Slovene: jêdro (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jádro, jadro
Czech: jádro

Polabian: jǫdrĕ

Old Polish: jądro

Polish: jądro

Silesian: jōndro

Slovak: jadro

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: jědro

Upper Sorbian: jadro

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *endra, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁en-d(ʰ)r-óm, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).


pьrsь

pь̀rsь (canonical feminine)
pь̀rsь (nominative singular)
pьrsi (dual nominative)
pьrsi (nominative plural)
pьrsi (genitive singular)
pьrsьju (dual genitive)
pьršu (dual genitive)
pьrsьjь (genitive plural)
pьrsi (genitive plural)
pьrsi (dative singular)
pьrsьma (dative dual)
pьrsьmъ (dative plural)
pь̀rsь (accusative singular)
pьrsi (accusative dual)
pьrsi (accusative plural)
pьrsьjǫ (instrumental singular)
pьršǫ (instrumental singular)
pьrsьma (dual instrumental)
pьrsьmi (instrumental plural)
pьrsi (locative singular)
pьrsьju (dual locative)
pьršu (dual locative)
pьrsьxъ (locative plural)
pьrsi (singular vocative)
pьrsi (dual vocative)
pьrsi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: пе́рсі (pjérsi) (plurale tantum)

Russian: пе́рси (pérsi) (plurale tantum)

Ukrainian: пе́рси (pérsy) (plurale tantum)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: прьси (prĭsi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пр̏си, пр̏са (plurale tantum)

Latin: pȑsi, pȑsa (plurale tantum)

Čakavian: pȑsi

Slovene: pŕsi

West Slavic:

Old Czech: prs

Czech: prs, prso

Kashubian: piers

Polish: pierś

Slovak: prsia

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian:

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pírˀśis. Cognate with Lithuanian pìršys (“chest (of a horse)”). Further etymology unknown; the connection with Sanskrit पर्शु (párśu, “rib”) (Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬱𐬎 (parašu, “rib”), Ossetian фарс (fars, “flank”)) must be discarded, according to Derksen.


soldъ

soldъ (nominative singular)
solda (dual nominative)
soldi (nominative plural)
solda (genitive singular)
soldu (dual genitive)
soldъ (genitive plural)
soldu (dative singular)
soldoma (dative dual)
soldomъ (dative plural)
soldъ (accusative singular)
solda (accusative dual)
soldy (accusative plural)
soldъmь (instrumental singular)
soldomь (instrumental singular)
soldoma (dual instrumental)
soldy (instrumental plural)
soldě (locative singular)
soldu (dual locative)
solděxъ (locative plural)
solde (singular vocative)
solda (dual vocative)
soldi (plural vocative)

East Slavic: солодъ (solodŭ)

Belarusian: со́лад (sólad)

Russian: со́лод (sólod)

Ukrainian: со́лод (sólod)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Bulgarian: слад (slad)

Macedonian: слад (slad)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сла̑д

Latin script: slȃd

Slovene: slád

West Slavic:

Old Czech: slad

Czech: slad

Polabian: slåd

Polish: słód

Slovak: slad

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: słod

Upper Sorbian: słód

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *salˀdus, from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂el-d-u-s or *sh₂l-d-u-s, from *séh₂ls. Related to *sòldъkъ (“sweet”).


xrьbьtъ

b (accent-paradigm)
xrьbь̀tъ (nominative singular)
xrьbьtà (dual nominative)
xrьbьtì (nominative plural)
xrьbьtà (genitive singular)
xrьbьtù (dual genitive)
xrьbь̀tъ (genitive plural)
xrьbьtù (dative singular)
xrьbьtòma (dative dual)
xrьbьtòmъ (dative plural)
xrьbь̀tъ (accusative singular)
xrьbьtà (accusative dual)
xrьbьtỳ (accusative plural)
xrьbьtъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
xrьbьtòmь (instrumental singular)
xrьbьtòma (dual instrumental)
xrьbь̀ty (instrumental plural)
xrьbьtě̀ (locative singular)
xrьbьtù (dual locative)
xrьbь̀těxъ (locative plural)
xrьbьte (singular vocative)
xrьbьtà (dual vocative)
xrьbьtì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: хрыбе́т (xrybjét)

Russian: хребе́т (xrebét)

Carpathian Rusyn: хырбет (xŷrbet)

Ukrainian: хребе́т (xrebét)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: хрьбьтъ (xrĭbĭtŭ)

Bulgarian: хръбе́т (hrǎbét)

Macedonian: ’рбет (’rbet)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: хр̏бат

Latin script: hȑbat

Slovene: hrbet

West Slavic:

Old Czech: chřbet

Czech: hřbet

Kashubian: chrzëbt, chrzebiet, krzebt

desctree

Old Polish: chrzbiet
Polish: grzbiet
Silesian: rzbiet

Slovak: chrbát

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: chribjet

Lower Sorbian: kśebjat

Equivalent to the 0-grade of *xribъ (“hill”) + *-ьtъ, likely from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreybʰ- (“to scrape, to tear”). Akin to Lithuanian skriẽbti (“to rub, to scrub”), Proto-Germanic *hrībaną (“to scratch”), Proto-Italic *skreiβō (“to scribe”).
ESSJa draws comparison with Proto-Slavic *skrebti (“to scrape”) (from Proto-Indo-European *skreb-), suggesting that *xrьbьtъ and its cognates represent expressive enlargement ("экспрессивное преобразование" in Trubachyev's own words) of the former root.


rъtъ

rъtъ̏ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
rъ̀tъ (nominative singular)
rъtà (dual nominative)
rъtì (nominative plural)
rъtà (genitive singular)
rъtù (dual genitive)
rъ̀tъ (genitive plural)
rъtù (dative singular)
rъtòma (dative dual)
rъtòmъ (dative plural)
rъ̀tъ (accusative singular)
rъtà (accusative dual)
rъtỳ (accusative plural)
rъtъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
rъtòmь (instrumental singular)
rъtòma (dual instrumental)
rъ̀ty (instrumental plural)
rъtě̀ (locative singular)
rъtù (dual locative)
rъ̀těxъ (locative plural)
rъte (singular vocative)
rъtà (dual vocative)
rъtì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: рътъ (rŭtŭ, “point, beak”)

Belarusian: рот (rot, “mouth”) (gen. ро́та (róta))

Russian: рот (rot, “mouth”) (gen. рта (rta), ро́та (róta) (dialectal))

Ukrainian: рот (rot, “mouth”) (gen. ро́та (róta))

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: рътъ (rŭtŭ, “point, beak”) (Serbian Church Slavonic)

Bulgarian: рът (rǎt, “small but steep hill”)

Macedonian: ’рт (’rt, “cape”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: р̏т (“point, peak, cliff, cape”), (gen. рта)

Latin: ȑt (“point, peak, cliff, cape”), (gen. rta)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: r̀t (“point, beak, cape”) (tonal orthography), (gen. ŕtа (tonal orthography))

West Slavic:

Czech: ret (“lip”) (gen. rtu)

Polabian: råt

Polish: narta (“ski”) (from "na rtach"), ret (“Buntsandstein peak”) (gen. retu)

Slovak: ret (“lip”) (gen. rtu)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: rót (“mouth”) (gen. rta)

Probably related to Proto-Slavic *ryti (“to burrow, to dig”).

cog

→ by extension: mouth


davьnъ

dãvьnъ (canonical)
davьnъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
davьna (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
davьno (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
davьna (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
davьny (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
davьna (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
davьnu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
davьně (dative feminine indefinite singular)
davьnu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
davьnъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
davьnǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
davьno (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
davьnomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
davьnojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
davьnomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
davьně (indefinite locative masculine singular)
davьně (feminine indefinite locative singular)
davьně (indefinite locative neuter singular)
davьne (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
davьno (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
davьno (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
davьna (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
davьně (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
davьně (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
davьnu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
davьnu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
davьnu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
davьnoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
davьnama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
davьnoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
davьna (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
davьně (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
davьně (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
davьnoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
davьnama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
davьnoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
davьnu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
davьnu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
davьnu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
davьna (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
davьně (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
davьně (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
davьni (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
davьny (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
davьna (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
davьnъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
davьnъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
davьnъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
davьnomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
davьnamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
davьnomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
davьny (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
davьny (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
davьna (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
davьny (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
davьnami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
davьny (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
davьněxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
davьnaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
davьněxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
davьni (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
davьny (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
davьna (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
davьnъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
davьnaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
davьnoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
davьnajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
davьnyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
davьnajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
davьnujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
davьněji (dative definite feminine singular)
davьnujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
davьnъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
davьnǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
davьnoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
davьnyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
davьnǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
davьnyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
davьnějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
davьněji (definite feminine locative singular)
davьnějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
davьnъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
davьnaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
davьnoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
davьnaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
davьněji (definite dual feminine nominative)
davьněji (definite dual neuter nominative)
davьnuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
davьnuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
davьnuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
davьnyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
davьnyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
davьnyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
davьnaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
davьněji (accusative definite dual feminine)
davьněji (accusative definite dual neuter)
davьnyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
davьnyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
davьnyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
davьnuju (definite dual locative masculine)
davьnuju (definite dual feminine locative)
davьnuju (definite dual locative neuter)
davьnaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
davьněji (definite dual feminine vocative)
davьněji (definite dual neuter vocative)
davьniji (definite masculine nominative plural)
davьnyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
davьnaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
davьnъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
davьnъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
davьnъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
davьnyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
davьnyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
davьnyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
davьnyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
davьnyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
davьnaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
davьnyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
davьnyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
davьnyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
davьnyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
davьnyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
davьnyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
davьniji (definite masculine plural vocative)
davьnyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
davьnaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *davьnъ (hard)

Definite declension of *davьnъ (hard)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: да́ўні (dáŭni)

Russian: да́вний (dávnij)

Ukrainian: да́вній (dávnij)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: давьнъ (davĭnŭ)

→ Bulgarian: да́вно (dávno, “long ago”) (adverb)

desc

→ Bulgarian: да́внашен (dávnašen, “past, long gone”)

Macedonian: (одамна (odamna) secondary)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: да̑внӣ

Latin script: dȃvnī

Slovene: dáven

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dávný

Czech: dávný

desctree

Old Polish: dawny
Polish: dawny
Silesian: dŏwny

Slovak: dávny

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: dôwny

Slovincian: dôùny

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: dawny

Upper Sorbian:

Formed as *davě (“ago, recently”) + *-ьnъ, with no certain relatives outside of Slavic. Possibly reflecting an ō-grade of Proto-Indo-European *dewh₂-, akin to Proto-Germanic *tawjaną (“to complete”). More often compared to Proto-Indo-Iranian *duHrás (“long, far”), Ancient Greek δηρός (dērós, “long”), and Latin dūrus (“durable”) (whence descends English during), which reflect instead the metathesis *dweh₂-.
It is uncertain if Old Church Slavonic одѣвѣ (oděvě, “recently”) is related or not to the ō-grade lemma. According to BER, the two lemmas are akin, but this view is sometimes challenged.

cog

Marko Snoj
Rick Derksen
Vladimir I. Georgiev
bg:Иван Дуриданов


terzvъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *terzvъ (hard)

Definite declension of *terzvъ (hard)

terzvъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
terzva (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
terzvo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
terzva (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
terzvy (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
terzva (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
terzvu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
terzvě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
terzvu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
terzvъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
terzvǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
terzvo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
terzvomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
terzvojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
terzvomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
terzvě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
terzvě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
terzvě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
terzve (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
terzvo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
terzvo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
terzva (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
terzvě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
terzvě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
terzvu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
terzvu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
terzvu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
terzvoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
terzvama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
terzvoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
terzva (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
terzvě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
terzvě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
terzvoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
terzvama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
terzvoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
terzvu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
terzvu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
terzvu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
terzva (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
terzvě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
terzvě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
terzvi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
terzvy (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
terzva (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
terzvъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
terzvъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
terzvъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
terzvomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
terzvamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
terzvomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
terzvy (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
terzvy (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
terzva (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
terzvy (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
terzvami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
terzvy (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
terzvěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
terzvaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
terzvěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
terzvi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
terzvy (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
terzva (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
terzvъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
terzvaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
terzvoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
terzvajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
terzvyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
terzvajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
terzvujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
terzvěji (dative definite feminine singular)
terzvujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
terzvъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
terzvǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
terzvoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
terzvyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
terzvǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
terzvyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
terzvějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
terzvěji (definite feminine locative singular)
terzvějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
terzvъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
terzvaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
terzvoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
terzvaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
terzvěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
terzvěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
terzvuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
terzvuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
terzvuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
terzvyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
terzvyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
terzvyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
terzvaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
terzvěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
terzvěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
terzvyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
terzvyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
terzvyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
terzvuju (definite dual locative masculine)
terzvuju (definite dual feminine locative)
terzvuju (definite dual locative neuter)
terzvaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
terzvěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
terzvěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
terzviji (definite masculine nominative plural)
terzvyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
terzvaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
terzvъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
terzvъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
terzvъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
terzvyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
terzvyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
terzvyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
terzvyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
terzvyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
terzvaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
terzvyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
terzvyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
terzvyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
terzvyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
terzvyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
terzvyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
terzviji (definite masculine plural vocative)
terzvyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
terzvaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic: терезвъ (terezvŭ), тверезъ (tverezŭ) (metathesised)

Belarusian: цвяро́зы (cvjarózy) (metathesised)

desc

Russian: терёзвый (terjózvyj), тверёзый (tverjózyj) (metathesised, dialectal)

Ukrainian: тере́звий (terézvyj) (dialectal), твере́зий (tverézyj) (metathesised)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: трѣзвъ (trězvŭ)

→ Russian: тре́звый (trézvyj)

Bulgarian: тре́зв (trézv, “temperate”)

Slovene: trẹ́zev (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Czech: (střízvý, střízlivý secondary)

Kashubian: trzézwi

Polish: trzeźwy

Slovak: triezvy

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian:

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: тре́звен (trézven)

Macedonian: тре́зен (trézen)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тре̏звен, тре́зан, трије́зан

Latin: trȅzven, trézan, trijézan

Slovene: trẹ́zen

From an undetermined *terz- + *-vъ.
One hypothesis suggests that modern descendants originate from an earlier *tersvъ, from Proto-Indo-European *ters- (“to dry”) with cognates in Proto-Germanic *þursuz (“dry”), Ancient Greek ταρσός (tarsós, “dry”), Sanskrit तृषु (tṛṣu, “greedily”). However, it requires the stem to be in zero-grade.


gorьkъ

gȍrьkъ (canonical)
gorьkъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
gorьka (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
gorьko (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
gorьka (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
gorьky (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
gorьka (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
gorьku (dative indefinite masculine singular)
gorьkě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
gorьku (dative indefinite neuter singular)
gorьkъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
gorьkǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
gorьko (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
gorьkomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
gorьkojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
gorьkomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
gorьkě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
gorьkě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
gorьkě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
gorьke (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
gorьko (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
gorьko (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
gorьka (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
gorьkě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
gorьkě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
gorьku (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
gorьku (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
gorьku (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
gorьkoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
gorьkama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
gorьkoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
gorьka (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
gorьkě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
gorьkě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
gorьkoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
gorьkama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
gorьkoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
gorьku (dual indefinite locative masculine)
gorьku (dual feminine indefinite locative)
gorьku (dual indefinite locative neuter)
gorьka (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
gorьkě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
gorьkě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
gorьki (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
gorьky (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
gorьka (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
gorьkъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
gorьkъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
gorьkъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
gorьkomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
gorьkamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
gorьkomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
gorьky (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
gorьky (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
gorьka (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
gorьky (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
gorьkami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
gorьky (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
gorьkěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
gorьkaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
gorьkěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
gorьki (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
gorьky (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
gorьka (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
gorьkъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
gorьkaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
gorьkoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
gorьkajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
gorьkyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
gorьkajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
gorьkujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
gorьkěji (dative definite feminine singular)
gorьkujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
gorьkъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
gorьkǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
gorьkoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
gorьkyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
gorьkǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
gorьkyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
gorьkějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
gorьkěji (definite feminine locative singular)
gorьkějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
gorьkъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
gorьkaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
gorьkoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
gorьkaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
gorьkěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
gorьkěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
gorьkuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
gorьkuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
gorьkuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
gorьkyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
gorьkyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
gorьkyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
gorьkaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
gorьkěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
gorьkěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
gorьkyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
gorьkyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
gorьkyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
gorьkuju (definite dual locative masculine)
gorьkuju (definite dual feminine locative)
gorьkuju (definite dual locative neuter)
gorьkaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
gorьkěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
gorьkěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
gorьkiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
gorьkyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
gorьkaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
gorьkъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
gorьkъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
gorьkъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
gorьkyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
gorьkyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
gorьkyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
gorьkyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
gorьkyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
gorьkaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
gorьkyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
gorьkyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
gorьkyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
gorьkyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
gorьkyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
gorьkyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
gorьkiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
gorьkyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
gorьkaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *gorьkъ (hard)

Definite declension of *gorьkъ (hard)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: го́ркі (hórki)

Russian: го́рький (górʹkij)

Ukrainian: гірки́й (hirkýj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: горькъ (gorĭkŭ)

Bulgarian: го́рък (górǎk)

Macedonian: горок (gorok) (rare)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: го́рак

Latin script: górak

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: górək, gorák (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: hořký (“bitter”), horký (“hot”)

Polabian: ďörťĕ

desc

Old Polish: gorki, gorski, gorzki (“bitter”)

Polish: gorzki (“bitter”)

Silesian: gorski, gorzki (“bitter”)

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: gòrzczi

>? Silesian: gorki (“hot”)

Slovak: horký

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: górki

Upper Sorbian: hórki

gořьjь

technically the comperative degree of *gȍrьkъ

(figurative) sorrowful (for situation, emotion)


ěsnъ

ě̀snъ (canonical)
ěsnъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
ěsna (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
ěsno (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
ěsna (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
ěsny (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
ěsna (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
ěsnu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
ěsně (dative feminine indefinite singular)
ěsnu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
ěsnъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
ěsnǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
ěsno (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
ěsnomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
ěsnojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
ěsnomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
ěsně (indefinite locative masculine singular)
ěsně (feminine indefinite locative singular)
ěsně (indefinite locative neuter singular)
ěsne (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
ěsno (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
ěsno (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
ěsna (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
ěsně (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
ěsně (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
ěsnu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
ěsnu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
ěsnu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
ěsnoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
ěsnama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
ěsnoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
ěsna (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
ěsně (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
ěsně (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
ěsnoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
ěsnama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
ěsnoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
ěsnu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
ěsnu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
ěsnu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
ěsna (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
ěsně (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
ěsně (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
ěsni (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
ěsny (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
ěsna (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
ěsnъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
ěsnъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
ěsnъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
ěsnomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
ěsnamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
ěsnomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
ěsny (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
ěsny (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
ěsna (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
ěsny (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
ěsnami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
ěsny (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
ěsněxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
ěsnaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
ěsněxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
ěsni (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
ěsny (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
ěsna (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
ěsnъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
ěsnaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
ěsnoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
ěsnajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
ěsnyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
ěsnajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
ěsnujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
ěsněji (dative definite feminine singular)
ěsnujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
ěsnъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
ěsnǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
ěsnoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
ěsnyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
ěsnǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
ěsnyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
ěsnějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
ěsněji (definite feminine locative singular)
ěsnějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
ěsnъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
ěsnaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
ěsnoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
ěsnaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
ěsněji (definite dual feminine nominative)
ěsněji (definite dual neuter nominative)
ěsnuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
ěsnuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
ěsnuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
ěsnyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
ěsnyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
ěsnyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
ěsnaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
ěsněji (accusative definite dual feminine)
ěsněji (accusative definite dual neuter)
ěsnyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
ěsnyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
ěsnyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
ěsnuju (definite dual locative masculine)
ěsnuju (definite dual feminine locative)
ěsnuju (definite dual locative neuter)
ěsnaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
ěsněji (definite dual feminine vocative)
ěsněji (definite dual neuter vocative)
ěsniji (definite masculine nominative plural)
ěsnyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
ěsnaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
ěsnъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
ěsnъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
ěsnъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
ěsnyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
ěsnyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
ěsnyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
ěsnyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
ěsnyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
ěsnaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
ěsnyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
ěsnyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
ěsnyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
ěsnyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
ěsnyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
ěsnyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
ěsniji (definite masculine plural vocative)
ěsnyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
ěsnaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *ěsnъ (hard)

Definite declension of *ěsnъ (hard)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ꙗсьнъ (jasĭnŭ)

Old Ruthenian: ꙗсный (jasnyj)

Belarusian: я́сны (jásny)

Ukrainian: я́сни́й (jásnýj)

Russian: я́сный (jásnyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: ꙗснъ (jasnŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ја̀сан

Latin script: jàsan

Slovene: jásen

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jasný

Czech: jasný

desctree

Old Polish: jasny
Polish: jasny
Silesian: jasny

Slovak: jasný

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: jasny

Slovincian: jasny

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: jasny

desc

Lower Sorbian: jasny, jěsny (“fast, quick; early, timely”)

From earlier *ěsknъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *áiˀšknas. Morphologically equivalent to *ěska (“bright light”) + *-nъ. Akin with Lithuanian áiškus.
Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ey- (“to energize, to invigorate”) or *h₂eydʰ- (“to ignite”). Compare Tocharian B yesäñ, Thracian Αι̃νος (Aĩnos, “Aenus”) (town in Eastern Thrace).


sěno

sě̑no (canonical neuter)
c (accent-paradigm)
sě̑no (nominative singular)
sě̑ně (dual nominative)
sěnà (nominative plural)
sě̑na (genitive singular)
sěnù (dual genitive)
sě̃nъ (genitive plural)
sě̑nu (dative singular)
sěnomà (dative dual)
sěnòmъ (dative plural)
sě̑no (accusative singular)
sě̑ně (accusative dual)
sěnà (accusative plural)
sě̑nъmь (instrumental singular)
sě̑nomь (instrumental singular)
sěnomà (dual instrumental)
sěný (instrumental plural)
sě̑ně (locative singular)
sěnù (dual locative)
sěně̃xъ (locative plural)
sě̑no (singular vocative)
sě̑ně (dual vocative)
sěnà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сѣно (sěno)

Belarusian: се́на (sjéna)

Russian: се́но (séno)

Ukrainian: сі́но (síno)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: сѣно (sěno)

Glagolitic: ⱄⱑⱀⱁ (sěno)

Bulgarian: сено́ (senó), ся́ну (sjánu) (dialectal)

Macedonian: сено (seno)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: се̑но, си̏јено

Latin: sȇno, sȉjeno

Slovene: senọ̑ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sěno

Czech: seno

Kashubian: sano

Polabian: śonü

Polish: siano

Slovak: seno

Slovincian: sanô

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: syno

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: sanë

→ Greek: σανός (sanós)

→ Hungarian: széna

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śáina, cf. Lithuanian šiẽnas, Latvian sìens, probably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₁y- (“pale, faint”) (with loss of the laryngeal before *-y-). Another theory derives the Balto-Slavic from Proto-Indo-European *ḱey- (“to lie”), though this is neither semantically convincing nor unconvincing. Possibly related to Ancient Greek κοινά (koiná, “pasture, fodder”); see there for further discussion.


sěnь

sě̀nь (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
sě̀nь (nominative singular)
sě̀ni (dual nominative)
sě̀ni (nominative plural)
sě̀nī (genitive singular)
sě̀nьju (dual genitive)
sě̀nьjь (genitive plural)
sě̀ni (dative singular)
sě̀nьma (dative dual)
sě̀nьmъ (dative plural)
sě̀nь (accusative singular)
sě̀ni (accusative dual)
sě̀ni (accusative plural)
sě̀nьjǫ (instrumental singular)
sě̀nьma (dual instrumental)
sě̀nьmī (instrumental plural)
sě̀nī (locative singular)
sě̀nьju (dual locative)
sě̀nьxъ (locative plural)
sěni (singular vocative)
sě̀ni (dual vocative)
sě̀ni (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сѣни (sěni)

Belarusian: се́ні (sjéni)

Russian: се́нь (sénʹ), се́ни (séni)

Ukrainian: сі́ни (síny)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сѣнь (sěnĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱑⱀⰻ (sěni)

Bulgarian: сен (sen), ся́нка (sjánka)

Macedonian: сенка (senka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: се̏на, сје̏на

Latin: sȅna, sjȅna

Slovene: sе̣̑nса (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: síň

Polish: sień

Slovak: sieň

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: seń

Upper Sorbian: seń

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śáiˀnas, probably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱéh₃y-ō ~ *(s)ḱih₃-nés (“shade, shadow”) (alternatively reconstructed as *sḱeh₂(y)-). Akin to Proto-Indo-Iranian *śćaHyáH (“shadow”), Ancient Greek σκιά (skiá, “shadow”).


ǫzlъ

ǫ̀zlъ (canonical masculine)
a (accent-paradigm)
ǫ̀zlъ (nominative singular)
ǫ̀zla (dual nominative)
ǫ̀zli (nominative plural)
ǫ̀zla (genitive singular)
ǫ̀zlu (dual genitive)
ǫ̀zlъ (genitive plural)
ǫ̀zlu (dative singular)
ǫ̀zloma (dative dual)
ǫ̀zlomъ (dative plural)
ǫ̀zlъ (accusative singular)
ǫ̀zla (accusative dual)
ǫ̀zly (accusative plural)
ǫ̀zlъmь (instrumental singular)
ǫ̀zlomь (instrumental singular)
ǫ̀zloma (dual instrumental)
ǫ̀zlȳ (instrumental plural)
ǫ̀zlě (locative singular)
ǫ̀zlu (dual locative)
ǫ̀zlě̄xъ (locative plural)
ǫ̀zle (singular vocative)
ǫ̀zla (dual vocative)
ǫ̀zli (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: узълъ (uzŭlŭ)

Belarusian: ву́зел (vúzjel)

Russian: у́зел (úzel)

Ukrainian: ву́зол (vúzol)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: ѫзлъ (ǫzlŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱘⰸⰾⱏ (ǫzlŭ)

desc

Bulgarian: въ́зел (vǎ́zel), въ́ндзил (vǎ́ndzil) (dialectal)

Macedonian: јазол (jazol)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: у̏зао

Latin script: ȕzao

Slovene: vôzəl (tonal orthography), ôzəl (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: uzel

Czech: uzel

Bohemian (Chod dialect): huzel

Moravian (Mistřice): uzeu̯

Polabian: vǫzål

Old Polish: węzeł

Polish: węzeł

→ Belarusian: ве́нзель (vjénzjelʹ)

→ Russian: ве́нзель (vénzelʹ)

→ Ukrainian: ве́нзель (vénzelʹ)

Pannonian Rusyn: ґузел (guzel)

Slovak: uzol

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wuzoł

Probably related to *vęzati. Possibly cognate with Lithuanian ą́žuolas, Latvian ozols, Old Prussian ansonis (“oak”).


bodati

bodàti (canonical)
bodanьje (noun-from-verb)
bodati (infinitive)
bodatъ (supine)
bodalъ (l-participle)
bodanъ (participle passive past)
bodajemъ (participle passive present)
bodavъ (active participle past)
bodaję (active participle present)
bodaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
boda (aorist second-person singular)
boda (aorist singular third-person)
bodajǫ (first-person present singular)
bodaješi (present second-person singular)
bodajetь (present singular third-person)
bodaxově (aorist dual first-person)
bodasta (aorist dual second-person)
bodaste (aorist dual third-person)
bodajevě (dual first-person present)
bodajeta (dual present second-person)
bodajete (dual present third-person)
bodaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bodaste (aorist plural second-person)
bodašę (aorist plural third-person)
bodajemъ (first-person plural present)
bodajete (plural present second-person)
bodajǫtь (plural present third-person)
bodaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bodaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bodaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bodaji (imperative second-person singular)
bodaji (imperative singular third-person)
bodaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bodaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bodaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bodajivě (dual first-person imperative)
bodajita (dual imperative second-person)
bodaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bodaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bodaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bodajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bodajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: бада́ць (badácʹ)

Russian: бода́ть (bodátʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бода́ (bodá)

Slovene: bǫ̂dati

West Slavic:

Czech: bodat

Slovak: bodať


pьrsty

pьrsty (nominative singular)
pьrsteni (dual nominative)
pьrstene (nominative plural)
pьrstene (genitive singular)
pьrstenu (dual genitive)
pьrstenъ (genitive plural)
pьrsteni (dative singular)
pьrstenьma (dative dual)
pьrstenьmъ (dative plural)
pьrstenь (accusative singular)
pьrsteni (accusative dual)
pьrsteni (accusative plural)
pьrstenьmь (instrumental singular)
pьrstenьma (dual instrumental)
pьrstenьmi (instrumental plural)
pьrstene (locative singular)
pьrstenu (dual locative)
pьrstenьxъ (locative plural)
pьrsty (singular vocative)
pьrsteni (dual vocative)
pьrstene (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: пьрстьнь (pĭrstĭnĭ), перстень (perstenĭ)

Belarusian: пе́рсцень (pjérscjenʹ)

Russian: пе́рстень (pérstenʹ)

Ukrainian: пе́рстень (pérstenʹ), пе́рстінь (pérstinʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: пръстень (prŭstenĭ), прьстень (prĭstenĭ)?

Bulgarian: пръ́стен (prǎ́sten)

Macedonian: прстен (prsten)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пр̏сте̄н, пр̏сте̑н

Latin script: pȑs̄ten, pȑstȇn

Slovene: pŕstan (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: prsten

Czech: prsten

Kashubian: pierscéń, piestrzéń

Old Polish: pierścień, pierzcień, pierzścień, pirścień

Polish: pierścień

Silesian: piestrzyń

Polabian: parstén

Slovak: prsteň


ǫsъ

ǫ̃sъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
ǫ̃sъ (nominative singular)
ǭsà (dual nominative)
ǭsì (nominative plural)
ǭsà (genitive singular)
ǭsù (dual genitive)
ǫ̃sъ (genitive plural)
ǭsù (dative singular)
ǭsòma (dative dual)
ǭsòmъ (dative plural)
ǫ̃sъ (accusative singular)
ǭsà (accusative dual)
ǭsỳ (accusative plural)
ǭsъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
ǭsòmь (instrumental singular)
ǭsòma (dual instrumental)
ǫ̃sy (instrumental plural)
ǭsě̀ (locative singular)
ǭsù (dual locative)
ǫ̃sěxъ (locative plural)
ǫse (singular vocative)
ǭsà (dual vocative)
ǭsì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: вус (vus), ву́сы (vúsy)

Russian: ус (us), усы́ (usý)

Ukrainian: вус (vus), ву́са (vúsa), ву́си (vúsy)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: въс (vǎs)

навъсен, свъсен

Bulgarian: навъсен, свъсен (navǎsen, svǎsen)

Macedonian:

⇒ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: на̀уснице

Latin script: nàusnice

Slovene: vọ̑s, vosi

West Slavic:

Czech: vous, vousy, fous, fousy

Polabian: vǫ̇s

Kashubian: wąs

Old Polish: wąs

Polish: wąs

Slovak: fúz, fúzy

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wusy

Upper Sorbian: wusy

From *vǫsъ < *vǫdsъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wándsa (whence Old Prussian wanso (“first beard”)), from Proto-Indo-European *wondʰsom, s-expansion of root *wendʰ- (“hair, wool, beard”).


verdъ

vȇrdъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
vȇrdъ (nominative singular)
vȇrda (dual nominative)
vȇrdi (nominative plural)
vȇrda (genitive singular)
verdù (dual genitive)
vẽrdъ (genitive plural)
vȇrdu (dative singular)
verdomà (dative dual)
verdòmъ (dative plural)
vȇrdъ (accusative singular)
vȇrda (accusative dual)
vȇrdy (accusative plural)
vȇrdъmь (instrumental singular)
vȇrdomь (instrumental singular)
verdomà (dual instrumental)
verdý (instrumental plural)
vȇrdě (locative singular)
verdù (dual locative)
verdě̃xъ (locative plural)
verde (singular vocative)
vȇrda (dual vocative)
vȇrdi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ве́рад (vjérad)

Russian: ве́ред (véred)

Ukrainian: ве́ред (véred)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: врѣдъ (vrědŭ)

Bulgarian: вред (vred) (dialectal)

→ Russian: вред (vred)

⇒ Bulgarian: вреда́ (vredá)

Macedonian:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ври̏јед (dialectal)

Latin script: vrȉjed (dialectal)

Slovene: vrèd (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vřěd

Czech: vřed

Moravian (Mistřice): břet

Old Polish: wrzód

Polish: wrzód

Slovak: vred

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: ŕod

Upper Sorbian: bŕód

The attested meaning wart seems to be from Proto-Indo-European *werd- (“to blister”), which could be a d-extension of Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to burn”) (compare Lithuanian vìrti (“to boil”), pres. stem vérdu). Cognate with Latvian apvir̂de (“blister”), Proto-Germanic *wartǭ (“wart”).
The expected outcome of Proto-Indo-European *werd- in Slavic would be an acute (probably mobile given the broken tone in Latvian) stem. There is some evidence of acute for the causative verb *verditi, but not for the noun. The attested data for the noun points instead towards a circumflex mobile stem (with -éрe- resolution of the *-er- cluster in East Slavic and neoacute in Serbo-Croatian). This outcome presumes origin from Proto-Indo-European *werdʰ- (“to raise”), cognate with Sanskrit वर्धति (vardhati, “to grow, to elevate”).
It is possible that both an acute and circumflex etymons existed at some point, which later merged together due to Meillet's law. Snoj presumes that the original meaning of the circumflex stem was sprout, outgrowth. This semantic nuance is attested in (South) Proto-Slavic *verdьnъ (“worthy, dignified”), though, it is not certain if this etymon is native or of borrowed origin.


pęstь

pę̑stь (canonical feminine)
pęstь (nominative singular)
pęsti (dual nominative)
pęsti (nominative plural)
pęsti (genitive singular)
pęstьju (dual genitive)
pęstьjь (genitive plural)
pęsti (dative singular)
pęstьma (dative dual)
pęstьmъ (dative plural)
pęstь (accusative singular)
pęsti (accusative dual)
pęsti (accusative plural)
pęstьjǫ (instrumental singular)
pęstьma (dual instrumental)
pęstьmi (instrumental plural)
pęsti (locative singular)
pęstьju (dual locative)
pęstьxъ (locative plural)
pęsti (singular vocative)
pęsti (dual vocative)
pęsti (plural vocative)

Old Church Slavonic: пѧсть (Serbian recension)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: пясць (pjascʹ)

Russian: пясть (pjastʹ)

⇒ Russian: запя́стье (zapjástʹje)

Ukrainian: п'ясть (pʺjastʹ)

⇒ Ukrainian: зап'я́стя (zapʺjástja)

⇒ Ukrainian: п'я́сток (pʺjástok)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian:

desc

⇒ Bulgarian: пестни́к (pestník), песни́к (pesník)

Macedonian:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пе̏ст

Latin: pȅst

⇒ Serbo-Croatian: pèsnica

⇒ Serbo-Croatian: пѐсница

Slovene: pest

West Slavic:

Old Czech: pěst

Czech: pěst

Kashubian: pisc

Polish: pięść

Polabian: pąst

Slovak: päsť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pěsć

Upper Sorbian: pjasć

Probably from Proto-Balto-Slavic *penkstis, from Proto-Indo-European *pn̥kʷstis, from Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ- (“punch”). Cognate with Lithuanian kumštis (with metathesis and loss of *p) and Proto-West Germanic *fūsti.


ormę

òrmę (canonical neuter)
a (accent-paradigm)
òrmę (nominative singular)
òrmeni (dual nominative)
òrmenā (nominative plural)
òrmene (genitive singular)
òrmenu (dual genitive)
òrmenъ (genitive plural)
òrmeni (dative singular)
òrmenьma (dative dual)
òrmenьmъ (dative plural)
òrmę (accusative singular)
òrmeni (accusative dual)
òrmenā (accusative plural)
òrmenьmь (instrumental singular)
òrmenьma (dual instrumental)
òrmenȳ (instrumental plural)
òrmene (locative singular)
òrmenu (dual locative)
òrmenьxъ (locative plural)
òrmę (singular vocative)
òrmeni (dual vocative)
òrmenā (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: рамѧ

Belarusian: ра́мя (rámja)

Russian: ра́мя (rámja)

Ukrainian: ра́м'я (rámʺja), раме́но (raméno)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ра́мо (rámo)

Macedonian: рамо (ramo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ра̏ме

Latin script: rȁme

Slovene: ráma (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: rámě
Czech: rameno, rámě

desctree

Old Polish: ramię
Polish: ramię
Silesian: ramiã

Polabian: råmą

Slovak: ramä

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: remiã

Slovincian: remjã

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: ramje

Upper Sorbian: ramjo


govęďь

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *govęďь (soft)

Definite declension of *govęďь (soft)

govęďь (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
govęďa (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
govęďe (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
govęďa (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
govęďę̇ (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
govęďa (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
govęďu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
govęďi (dative feminine indefinite singular)
govęďu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
govęďь (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
govęďǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
govęďe (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
govęďemь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
govęďejǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
govęďemь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
govęďi (indefinite locative masculine singular)
govęďi (feminine indefinite locative singular)
govęďi (indefinite locative neuter singular)
govęďu (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
govęďe (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
govęďe (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
govęďa (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
govęďi (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
govęďi (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
govęďu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
govęďu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
govęďu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
govęďema (dative dual indefinite masculine)
govęďama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
govęďema (dative dual indefinite neuter)
govęďa (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
govęďi (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
govęďi (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
govęďema (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
govęďama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
govęďema (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
govęďu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
govęďu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
govęďu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
govęďa (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
govęďi (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
govęďi (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
govęďi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
govęďę̇ (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
govęďa (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
govęďь (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
govęďь (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
govęďь (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
govęďemъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
govęďamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
govęďemъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
govęďę̇ (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
govęďę̇ (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
govęďa (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
govęďi (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
govęďami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
govęďi (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
govęďixъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
govęďaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
govęďixъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
govęďi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
govęďę̇ (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
govęďa (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
govęďьjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
govęďaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
govęďeje (definite neuter nominative singular)
govęďajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
govęďę̇ję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
govęďajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
govęďujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
govęďiji (dative definite feminine singular)
govęďujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
govęďьjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
govęďǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
govęďeje (accusative definite neuter singular)
govęďijimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
govęďǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
govęďijimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
govęďijemь (definite locative masculine singular)
govęďiji (definite feminine locative singular)
govęďijemь (definite locative neuter singular)
govęďьjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
govęďaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
govęďeje (definite neuter singular vocative)
govęďaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
govęďiji (definite dual feminine nominative)
govęďiji (definite dual neuter nominative)
govęďuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
govęďuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
govęďuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
govęďijima (dative definite dual masculine)
govęďijima (dative definite dual feminine)
govęďijima (dative definite dual neuter)
govęďaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
govęďiji (accusative definite dual feminine)
govęďiji (accusative definite dual neuter)
govęďijima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
govęďijima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
govęďijima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
govęďuju (definite dual locative masculine)
govęďuju (definite dual feminine locative)
govęďuju (definite dual locative neuter)
govęďaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
govęďiji (definite dual feminine vocative)
govęďiji (definite dual neuter vocative)
govęďiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
govęďę̇ję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
govęďaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
govęďьjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
govęďьjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
govęďьjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
govęďijimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
govęďijimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
govęďijimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
govęďę̇ję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
govęďę̇ję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
govęďaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
govęďijimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
govęďijimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
govęďijimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
govęďijixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
govęďijixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
govęďijixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
govęďiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
govęďę̇ję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
govęďaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *говѧжии

Old Ruthenian: говѧжїй (hovjažij)

Belarusian: гавя́джы (havjádžy)

Ukrainian: гов'я́жий (hovʺjážyj)

Russian: говя́жий (govjážij)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: говѧждь

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: го̀веђӣ

Latin script: gòveđī

Slovene: govẹ́ji (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hovězí

Czech: hovězí

Slovak: hovädzí

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: howjazy

Lower Sorbian: gowjezy


sъlučajь

sъlučajь (nominative singular)
sъlučaja (dual nominative)
sъlučaji (nominative plural)
sъlučaja (genitive singular)
sъlučaju (dual genitive)
sъlučajь (genitive plural)
sъlučaju (dative singular)
sъlučajema (dative dual)
sъlučajemъ (dative plural)
sъlučajь (accusative singular)
sъlučaja (accusative dual)
sъlučaję̇ (accusative plural)
sъlučajьmь (instrumental singular)
sъlučajemь (instrumental singular)
sъlučajema (dual instrumental)
sъlučaji (instrumental plural)
sъlučaji (locative singular)
sъlučaju (dual locative)
sъlučajixъ (locative plural)
sъlučaju (singular vocative)
sъlučaja (dual vocative)
sъlučaji (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: слу́чай (slúčaj)

desc

Ukrainian: случа́й (slučáj), слу́чай (slúčaj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: сълоучаи (sŭlučai)

Bulgarian: случа́й (slučáj), слу́чeй (slúčej)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: слу̏ча̄ј

Latin script: slȕčāj

Slovene: slučȃj (tonal orthography)

lučь

*lučiti (“to reach a target, to achieve”)


želza

žēlzà (canonical feminine)
b (accent-paradigm)
žēlzà (nominative singular)
žẽlzě (dual nominative)
žēlzỳ (nominative plural)
žēlzỳ (genitive singular)
žēlzù (dual genitive)
žẽlzъ (genitive plural)
žēlzě̀ (dative singular)
žēlzàma (dative dual)
žēlzàmъ (dative plural)
žēlzǫ̀ (accusative singular)
žẽlzě (accusative dual)
žēlzỳ (accusative plural)
žēlzòjǫ (instrumental singular)
žẽlzǫ (instrumental singular)
žēlzàma (dual instrumental)
žēlzàmī (instrumental plural)
žēlzě̀ (locative singular)
žēlzù (dual locative)
žēlzàsъ (locative plural)
žēlzàxъ (locative plural)
želzo (singular vocative)
žẽlzě (dual vocative)
žēlzỳ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: желоза (želoza), железа (železa)

Belarusian: зало́за (zalóza); жало́за (žalóza) (dialectal)

Russian: железа́ (železá); за́леза́ (zálezá), золо́за́ (zolózá) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: за́лоза (záloza)

Old Pskovian: зелеза (zeleza)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: жлѣза (žlěza)

Glagolitic script: ⰶⰾⱑⰸⰰ (žlěza)

Bulgarian: жлеза́ (žlezá); жле́га (žléga), жлю́га (žljúga) (dialectal)

Macedonian: жлезда (žlezda)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жле́зда, жље́зда, жлије́зда

Latin script: žlézda, žljézda, žlijézda

Slovene: žlẹ́za

West Slavic:

Old Czech: žláza

Czech: žláza

Bohemian (Chod dialect): žleza

Slovak: žľaza

West Slavic:

Old Polish: zołzy f pl (“glandular infectious disease”)

Polish: zołza (epithet for “vicious woman”)

→ Ukrainian: зо́лза (zólza)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: žałza

Lower Sorbian: žałza, załza

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰelǵʰ-, related to Lithuanian gẽležuones, Old Armenian գեղձք (gełjkʻ).


těmę

tě̀mę (canonical neuter)
a (accent-paradigm)
těmę (nominative singular)
tě̀meni (dual nominative)
tě̀menā (nominative plural)
tě̀mene (genitive singular)
tě̀menu (dual genitive)
tě̀menъ (genitive plural)
tě̀meni (dative singular)
tě̀menьma (dative dual)
tě̀menьmъ (dative plural)
těmę (accusative singular)
tě̀meni (accusative dual)
tě̀menā (accusative plural)
tě̀menьmь (instrumental singular)
tě̀menьma (dual instrumental)
tě̀menȳ (instrumental plural)
tě̀mene (locative singular)
tě̀menu (dual locative)
tě̀menьxъ (locative plural)
těmę (singular vocative)
tě̀meni (dual vocative)
tě̀menā (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: тѣмѧ

Belarusian: це́мя (cjémja)

Russian: те́мя (témja)

Ukrainian: ті́м'я (tímʺja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Bulgarian: те́ме (téme), тя́ме (tjáme) (dialectal)

Macedonian: теме (teme)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: те̏ме, тје̏ме

Latin script: tȅme, tjȅme

Slovene: téme (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: témě, tiemě

Czech: temeno, témě

Polish: ciemię

Slovak: temä, temeno

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: śěmje

Upper Sorbian: tymjo

According to R. Matasović, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg- (“to cover”) + *-mn̥, with eventual loss of pre-Slavic *g before *m. Vasmer and Snoj allude a possible relation to Proto-Slavic *tęti (“to chop”) from Proto-Indo-European *temh₂-, however, such a derivation is semantically dubious and does not explain the long *-ě-. Sometimes also compared to Ancient Greek σῶμα (sôma, “body”) of uncertain origin (probably from Proto-Indo-European *tweH- (“to swell”), akin to Proto-Slavic *tylъ (“back of the neck”)).


remy

remy (nominative singular)
remeni (dual nominative)
remene (nominative plural)
remene (genitive singular)
remenu (dual genitive)
remenъ (genitive plural)
remeni (dative singular)
remenьma (dative dual)
remenьmъ (dative plural)
remenь (accusative singular)
remeni (accusative dual)
remeni (accusative plural)
remenьmь (instrumental singular)
remenьma (dual instrumental)
remenьmi (instrumental plural)
remene (locative singular)
remenu (dual locative)
remenьxъ (locative plural)
remy (singular vocative)
remeni (dual vocative)
remene (plural vocative)

Old East Slavic: ремꙑкъ (remykŭ):

Belarusian: рэ́мень (rémjenʹ)

Russian: реме́нь (reménʹ)

Ukrainian: ре́мінь (réminʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ремень (remenĭ)

Bulgarian: ре́мен (rémen) (dated)

Bulgarian: ре́мък (rémǎk)

Macedonian: ремен (remen)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ре̏ме̑н

Latin script: remen

Slovene: jermen

West Slavic:

Old Czech: řemen

Czech: řemen

Kashubian: rzem

Polish: rzemień

Slovak: remeň

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: rjemjeń

Upper Sorbian: rjemjeń


melstva

melstva (nominative singular)
melstvě (dual nominative)
melstvy (nominative plural)
melstvy (genitive singular)
melstvu (dual genitive)
melstvъ (genitive plural)
melstvě (dative singular)
melstvama (dative dual)
melstvamъ (dative plural)
melstvǫ (accusative singular)
melstvě (accusative dual)
melstvy (accusative plural)
melstvojǫ (instrumental singular)
melstvǫ (instrumental singular)
melstvama (dual instrumental)
melstvami (instrumental plural)
melstvě (locative singular)
melstvu (dual locative)
melstvasъ (locative plural)
melstvaxъ (locative plural)
melstvo (singular vocative)
melstvě (dual vocative)
melstvy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: молостовъ (molostovŭ)

Russian: молосто́в (molostóv)

South Slavic:

desc

Slovene: mlȇstva, mletva, mlȇtva, mletev

From *melsti + *-tva. Cognate with Lithuanian milžtuvė̃ (“milk pail”).


oratva

oratva (nominative singular)
oratvě (dual nominative)
oratvy (nominative plural)
oratvy (genitive singular)
oratvu (dual genitive)
oratvъ (genitive plural)
oratvě (dative singular)
oratvama (dative dual)
oratvamъ (dative plural)
oratvǫ (accusative singular)
oratvě (accusative dual)
oratvy (accusative plural)
oratvojǫ (instrumental singular)
oratvǫ (instrumental singular)
oratvama (dual instrumental)
oratvami (instrumental plural)
oratvě (locative singular)
oratvu (dual locative)
oratvasъ (locative plural)
oratvaxъ (locative plural)
oratvo (singular vocative)
oratvě (dual vocative)
oratvy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: оратва (oratva)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: оратва (oratva), оратьба (oratĭba)

Old Slovene: oratva

Slovene: orȃtva, Slovene: orȃtev f

West Slavic:

Old Czech: oratba


lovitva

lovitva (nominative singular)
lovitvě (dual nominative)
lovitvy (nominative plural)
lovitvy (genitive singular)
lovitvu (dual genitive)
lovitvъ (genitive plural)
lovitvě (dative singular)
lovitvama (dative dual)
lovitvamъ (dative plural)
lovitvǫ (accusative singular)
lovitvě (accusative dual)
lovitvy (accusative plural)
lovitvojǫ (instrumental singular)
lovitvǫ (instrumental singular)
lovitvama (dual instrumental)
lovitvami (instrumental plural)
lovitvě (locative singular)
lovitvu (dual locative)
lovitvasъ (locative plural)
lovitvaxъ (locative plural)
lovitvo (singular vocative)
lovitvě (dual vocative)
lovitvy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ловитва (lovitva)

Old Belarusian: ловитва (lovitva)

Russian: лови́тва (lovítva)

Old Ukrainian: ловитва (lovitva)

Ukrainian: лови́тва (lovýtva)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ловитва (lovitva)

Bulgarian: ловитба (lovitba), ловитва (lovitva), ловидба (lovidba)

Macedonian: ловидба (lovidba)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ло̀витва, ло̀видба

Latin script: lòvitva

Slovene: lovȋtev f, lovȋtva

West Slavic:

Polish: łowitwa


ěstva

ěstva (nominative singular)
ěstvě (dual nominative)
ěstvy (nominative plural)
ěstvy (genitive singular)
ěstvu (dual genitive)
ěstvъ (genitive plural)
ěstvě (dative singular)
ěstvama (dative dual)
ěstvamъ (dative plural)
ěstvǫ (accusative singular)
ěstvě (accusative dual)
ěstvy (accusative plural)
ěstvojǫ (instrumental singular)
ěstvǫ (instrumental singular)
ěstvama (dual instrumental)
ěstvami (instrumental plural)
ěstvě (locative singular)
ěstvu (dual locative)
ěstvasъ (locative plural)
ěstvaxъ (locative plural)
ěstvo (singular vocative)
ěstvě (dual vocative)
ěstvy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ѣства (jěstva), ꙗства (jastva)

Russian: е́ство (jéstvo), е́ства́ (jéstvá), е́вство (jévstvo), е́сво (jésvo), е́сва́ (jésvá), есьва́ (jesʹvá)

Old Ukrainian: иство (istvo)

Ukrainian: їство́ (jistvó)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: је̏ствина

Latin script: jestvo, jestva, jȅstvina

Slovene: jȇstva

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jestva, jistvicě

Polish: *jastew- (see *ěstvьnъ)

From *ěsti (“to eat”) + *-tva. Compare Lithuanian ę̄stuve (“place to eat”).


mertva

mertva (nominative singular)
mertvě (dual nominative)
mertvy (nominative plural)
mertvy (genitive singular)
mertvu (dual genitive)
mertvъ (genitive plural)
mertvě (dative singular)
mertvama (dative dual)
mertvamъ (dative plural)
mertvǫ (accusative singular)
mertvě (accusative dual)
mertvy (accusative plural)
mertvojǫ (instrumental singular)
mertvǫ (instrumental singular)
mertvama (dual instrumental)
mertvami (instrumental plural)
mertvě (locative singular)
mertvu (dual locative)
mertvasъ (locative plural)
mertvaxъ (locative plural)
mertvo (singular vocative)
mertvě (dual vocative)
mertvy (plural vocative)

West Slavic:

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: mřetwa

Lower Sorbian: mřetwa


meltva

meltva (nominative singular)
meltvě (dual nominative)
meltvy (nominative plural)
meltvy (genitive singular)
meltvu (dual genitive)
meltvъ (genitive plural)
meltvě (dative singular)
meltvama (dative dual)
meltvamъ (dative plural)
meltvǫ (accusative singular)
meltvě (accusative dual)
meltvy (accusative plural)
meltvojǫ (instrumental singular)
meltvǫ (instrumental singular)
meltvama (dual instrumental)
meltvami (instrumental plural)
meltvě (locative singular)
meltvu (dual locative)
meltvasъ (locative plural)
meltvaxъ (locative plural)
meltvo (singular vocative)
meltvě (dual vocative)
meltvy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: молотьба (molotĭba)

Russian: молотьба́ (molotʹbá)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мле̏̏тва

Latin script: mletva?, mljetvina

Slovene: mlêtva, mlêtev f

West Slavic:

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: mlětwa

Polish: młóćba


mytva

mytva (nominative singular)
mytvě (dual nominative)
mytvy (nominative plural)
mytvy (genitive singular)
mytvu (dual genitive)
mytvъ (genitive plural)
mytvě (dative singular)
mytvama (dative dual)
mytvamъ (dative plural)
mytvǫ (accusative singular)
mytvě (accusative dual)
mytvy (accusative plural)
mytvojǫ (instrumental singular)
mytvǫ (instrumental singular)
mytvama (dual instrumental)
mytvami (instrumental plural)
mytvě (locative singular)
mytvu (dual locative)
mytvasъ (locative plural)
mytvaxъ (locative plural)
mytvo (singular vocative)
mytvě (dual vocative)
mytvy (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: мытва (mytva)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мꙑтва (mytva)

Russian: мытво́ (mytvó), (possibly) мытьба́ (mytʹbá)

Belarusian: мыцьво́ (mycʹvó)

West Slavic:

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: mytwo


litva

litva (nominative singular)
litvě (dual nominative)
litvy (nominative plural)
litvy (genitive singular)
litvu (dual genitive)
litvъ (genitive plural)
litvě (dative singular)
litvama (dative dual)
litvamъ (dative plural)
litvǫ (accusative singular)
litvě (accusative dual)
litvy (accusative plural)
litvojǫ (instrumental singular)
litvǫ (instrumental singular)
litvama (dual instrumental)
litvami (instrumental plural)
litvě (locative singular)
litvu (dual locative)
litvasъ (locative plural)
litvaxъ (locative plural)
litvo (singular vocative)
litvě (dual vocative)
litvy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: лі́тба (lítba, “Circaea lutetiana L.”) (possibly)

Russian: литва́ (litvá)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ли̏тва

West Slavic:

Czech: litba

From *liti + *-tva. Cognate with Lithuanian Lietuvà. Compare Latin lītus.


vьlgnǫti

vьlženьje (noun-from-verb)
vьlgnǫti (infinitive)
vьlgnǫtъ (supine)
vьlglъ (l-participle)
vьlženъ (participle passive past)
vьlgnomъ (participle passive present)
vьlgъ (active participle past)
vьlgny (active participle present)
vьlgъ (aorist first-person singular)
vьlgoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
vьlže (aorist second-person singular)
vьlže (aorist singular third-person)
vьlgnǫ (first-person present singular)
vьlgneši (present second-person singular)
vьlgnetь (present singular third-person)
vьlgově (aorist dual first-person)
vьlgoxově (aorist dual first-person)
vьlgeta (aorist dual second-person)
vьlgosta (aorist dual second-person)
vьlgete (aorist dual third-person)
vьlgoste (aorist dual third-person)
vьlgnevě (dual first-person present)
vьlgneta (dual present second-person)
vьlgnete (dual present third-person)
vьlgomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vьlgoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vьlgete (aorist plural second-person)
vьlgoste (aorist plural second-person)
vьlgǫ (aorist plural third-person)
vьlgošę (aorist plural third-person)
vьlgnemъ (first-person plural present)
vьlgnete (plural present second-person)
vьlgnǫtь (plural present third-person)
vьlgněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vьlgněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vьlgněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vьlgni (imperative second-person singular)
vьlgni (imperative singular third-person)
vьlgněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vьlgněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vьlgněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vьlgněvě (dual first-person imperative)
vьlgněta (dual imperative second-person)
vьlgněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vьlgněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vьlgněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vьlgněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
vьlgněte (imperative plural second-person)
vьlgnovenьje (noun-from-verb)
vьlgnǫti (infinitive)
vьlgnǫtъ (supine)
vьlgnǫlъ (l-participle)
vьlgnovenъ (participle passive past)
vьlgnomъ (participle passive present)
vьlgnǫvъ (active participle past)
vьlgny (active participle present)
vьlgnǫxъ (aorist first-person singular)
vьlgnǫ (aorist second-person singular)
vьlgnǫ (aorist singular third-person)
vьlgnǫ (first-person present singular)
vьlgneši (present second-person singular)
vьlgnetь (present singular third-person)
vьlgnǫxově (aorist dual first-person)
vьlgnǫsta (aorist dual second-person)
vьlgnǫste (aorist dual third-person)
vьlgnevě (dual first-person present)
vьlgneta (dual present second-person)
vьlgnete (dual present third-person)
vьlgnǫxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vьlgnǫste (aorist plural second-person)
vьlgnǫšę (aorist plural third-person)
vьlgnemъ (first-person plural present)
vьlgnete (plural present second-person)
vьlgnǫtь (plural present third-person)
vьlgněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vьlgněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vьlgněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vьlgni (imperative second-person singular)
vьlgni (imperative singular third-person)
vьlgněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vьlgněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vьlgněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vьlgněvě (dual first-person imperative)
vьlgněta (dual imperative second-person)
vьlgněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vьlgněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vьlgněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vьlgněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
vьlgněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: во́лгнуть (vólgnutʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Macedonian: влажни (vlažni)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: вугнути

Latin script: vugnuti

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vlhnúti

Czech: vlhnout

Polish: wilgnąć

Slovak: vlhnúť

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *welg-. Compare Lithuanian vìlgti (“to become wet”), Latvian vil̂gt (“to become wet”).


vьlgъkъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *vьlgъkъ (hard)

Definite declension of *vьlgъkъ (hard)

vьlgъkъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
vьlgъka (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
vьlgъko (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
vьlgъka (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
vьlgъky (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
vьlgъka (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
vьlgъku (dative indefinite masculine singular)
vьlgъcě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
vьlgъku (dative indefinite neuter singular)
vьlgъkъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
vьlgъkǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
vьlgъko (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
vьlgъkomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
vьlgъkojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
vьlgъkomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
vьlgъcě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
vьlgъcě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
vьlgъcě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
vьlgъče (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
vьlgъko (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
vьlgъko (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
vьlgъka (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
vьlgъcě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
vьlgъcě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
vьlgъku (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
vьlgъku (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
vьlgъku (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
vьlgъkoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
vьlgъkama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
vьlgъkoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
vьlgъka (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
vьlgъcě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
vьlgъcě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
vьlgъkoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
vьlgъkama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
vьlgъkoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
vьlgъku (dual indefinite locative masculine)
vьlgъku (dual feminine indefinite locative)
vьlgъku (dual indefinite locative neuter)
vьlgъka (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
vьlgъcě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
vьlgъcě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
vьlgъci (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
vьlgъky (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
vьlgъka (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
vьlgъkъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
vьlgъkъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
vьlgъkъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
vьlgъkomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
vьlgъkamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
vьlgъkomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
vьlgъky (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
vьlgъky (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
vьlgъka (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
vьlgъky (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
vьlgъkami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
vьlgъky (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
vьlgъcěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
vьlgъkaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
vьlgъcěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
vьlgъci (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
vьlgъky (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
vьlgъka (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
vьlgъkъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
vьlgъkaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
vьlgъkoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
vьlgъkajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
vьlgъkyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
vьlgъkajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
vьlgъkujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
vьlgъcěji (dative definite feminine singular)
vьlgъkujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
vьlgъkъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
vьlgъkǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
vьlgъkoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
vьlgъkyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
vьlgъkǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
vьlgъkyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
vьlgъcějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
vьlgъcěji (definite feminine locative singular)
vьlgъcějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
vьlgъkъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
vьlgъkaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
vьlgъkoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
vьlgъkaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
vьlgъcěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
vьlgъcěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
vьlgъkuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
vьlgъkuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
vьlgъkuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
vьlgъkyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
vьlgъkyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
vьlgъkyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
vьlgъkaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
vьlgъcěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
vьlgъcěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
vьlgъkyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
vьlgъkyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
vьlgъkyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
vьlgъkuju (definite dual locative masculine)
vьlgъkuju (definite dual feminine locative)
vьlgъkuju (definite dual locative neuter)
vьlgъkaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
vьlgъcěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
vьlgъcěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
vьlgъciji (definite masculine nominative plural)
vьlgъkyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
vьlgъkaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
vьlgъkъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
vьlgъkъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
vьlgъkъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
vьlgъkyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
vьlgъkyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
vьlgъkyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
vьlgъkyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
vьlgъkyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
vьlgъkaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
vьlgъkyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
vьlgъkyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
vьlgъkyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
vьlgъkyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
vьlgъkyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
vьlgъkyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
vьlgъciji (definite masculine plural vocative)
vьlgъkyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
vьlgъkaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вългъкъ (vŭlgŭkŭ)

desc

Old Ruthenian: волгкїй (volhkij), волгїй (volhij)

Belarusian: во́гкі (vóhki), вóхкі (vóxki), во́лкі (vólki)

Ukrainian: во́гкий (vóhkyj), вовхкий (vovxkyj)

Middle Russian: волгкий (volgkij) (1670)

Russian: (dialectal) во́лгкий (vólgkij), во́кхий (vókxij), во́хкий (vóxkij), во́гкий (vógkij), вáгкий (vágkij)

⇒ Russian: Во́лга (Vólga)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Church Slavonic: вългъкъ (vŭlgŭkŭ) (Russian recension)

Slovene: vólgək, vółhək

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vlhký

Czech: vlhký

Slovak: vlhký

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wilg-, from Proto-Indo-European *wl̥g-, from *welg-. Compare Old High German welc, wëlk, German welk.


morvъ

morvъ (nominative singular)
morva (dual nominative)
morvi (nominative plural)
morva (genitive singular)
morvu (dual genitive)
morvъ (genitive plural)
morvu (dative singular)
morvoma (dative dual)
morvomъ (dative plural)
morvъ (accusative singular)
morva (accusative dual)
morvy (accusative plural)
morvъmь (instrumental singular)
morvomь (instrumental singular)
morvoma (dual instrumental)
morvy (instrumental plural)
morvě (locative singular)
morvu (dual locative)
morvěxъ (locative plural)
morve (singular vocative)
morva (dual vocative)
morvi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: мурашка (muraška)

Russian: муравей (muravej)

Ukrainian: мураха (muraxa)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: мравка (mravka)

Macedonian: мра́ва (mráva), ⇒ мра́вка (mrávka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мрав

Latin script: mrav

Slovene: mravlja

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mraven

Czech: mravenec

Bohemian (Chod dialect): bravenec

Kashubian: mrówka (< marwa)

Polish: mrówka (< mrowa)

Slovak: mravec

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: mroja

Upper Sorbian: mrowja


porkъ

porkъ (nominative singular)
porka (dual nominative)
porci (nominative plural)
porka (genitive singular)
porku (dual genitive)
porkъ (genitive plural)
porku (dative singular)
porkoma (dative dual)
porkomъ (dative plural)
porkъ (accusative singular)
porka (accusative dual)
porky (accusative plural)
porkъmь (instrumental singular)
porkomь (instrumental singular)
porkoma (dual instrumental)
porky (instrumental plural)
porcě (locative singular)
porku (dual locative)
porcěxъ (locative plural)
porče (singular vocative)
porka (dual vocative)
porci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: порокъ (porokŭ)

Belarusian: паро́к (parók)

Russian: поро́к (porók), по́рок (pórok)

Ukrainian: поро́к (porók)

West Slavic:

Czech: prak

Old Polish: prok

Old Slovak: prak

Slovak: prak

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: prok

Lower Sorbian: prok


zolkъ

zolkъ (nominative singular)
zolka (dual nominative)
zolci (nominative plural)
zolka (genitive singular)
zolku (dual genitive)
zolkъ (genitive plural)
zolku (dative singular)
zolkoma (dative dual)
zolkomъ (dative plural)
zolkъ (accusative singular)
zolka (accusative dual)
zolky (accusative plural)
zolkъmь (instrumental singular)
zolkomь (instrumental singular)
zolkoma (dual instrumental)
zolky (instrumental plural)
zolcě (locative singular)
zolku (dual locative)
zolcěxъ (locative plural)
zolče (singular vocative)
zolka (dual vocative)
zolci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: зело́к (zelók) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: злакъ (zlakŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰸⰾⰰⰽⱏ (zlakŭ)

Bulgarian: злак (zlak)


znakъ

znakъ (nominative singular)
znaka (dual nominative)
znaci (nominative plural)
znaka (genitive singular)
znaku (dual genitive)
znakъ (genitive plural)
znaku (dative singular)
znakoma (dative dual)
znakomъ (dative plural)
znakъ (accusative singular)
znaka (accusative dual)
znaky (accusative plural)
znakъmь (instrumental singular)
znakomь (instrumental singular)
znakoma (dual instrumental)
znaky (instrumental plural)
znacě (locative singular)
znaku (dual locative)
znacěxъ (locative plural)
znače (singular vocative)
znaka (dual vocative)
znaci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: знакъ (znakŭ)

Belarusian: знак (znak)

Russian: знак (znak)

Ukrainian: знак (znak)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: знакъ (znakŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰸⱀⰰⰽⱏ (znakŭ)

Bulgarian: знак (znak)

Macedonian: знак (znak)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: зна̑к

Latin script: znȃk

Slovene: znȃk

West Slavic:

Old Czech: znak

Czech: znak

desctree

Old Polish: znak
Polish: znak
Silesian: znak

Slovak: znak

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: znak

Slovincian: znak


-tъ

-tъ (nominative singular)
-ta (dual nominative)
-ti (nominative plural)
-ta (genitive singular)
-tu (dual genitive)
-tъ (genitive plural)
-tu (dative singular)
-toma (dative dual)
-tomъ (dative plural)
-tъ (accusative singular)
-ta (accusative dual)
-ty (accusative plural)
-tъmь (instrumental singular)
-tomь (instrumental singular)
-toma (dual instrumental)
-ty (instrumental plural)
-tě (locative singular)
-tu (dual locative)
-těxъ (locative plural)
-te (singular vocative)
-ta (dual vocative)
-ti (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tas; the suffix continues both Proto-Indo-European *-tós and *-tus. A distinguishing feature between the two is that lemmas formed with the u-stem suffix, later were extended with *-kъ, e.g. Serbo-Croatian podátak (“datum”) < *datъ (“load, something given”).

obutъ (“footwear put on”) ← *obuti (“to put on footwear”)
nadutъ (“swelled”) (+ *na-) ← *duti (“to blow up”)

šitъ (“sewed”) ← *šiti (“to sew”)
bitъ (“beaten”) ← *biti (“to beat”)

klętъ (“pitiable, damned”) ← *klęti (“to curse”)
vъzętъ (“taken”) ← *vъzęti (“to take, to acquire”)

Deverbal from mono-syllabic simple stems, forms passive participles

potъ (“sweat”) ← *peťi (“to bake”)

letъ (“flight”) ← Pre-Slavic *lekti (“to spring, to hop”)

moltъ (“hammer”) ← *melti (“to mold”)

datъkъ (“levy”) ← **datъ ← *dati (“to give”)

vitъkъ (“coil”) ← **vitъ ← *viti (“to wind, to curve”)

ostatъkъ (“remainder”) ← **ostatъ ← *ostati (“to remain”)

Deverbal, forms nouns (usually with o-grade)


borkъ

bȏrkъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
bȏrkъ (nominative singular)
bȏrka (dual nominative)
bȏrci (nominative plural)
bȏrka (genitive singular)
borkù (dual genitive)
bõrkъ (genitive plural)
bȏrku (dative singular)
borkomà (dative dual)
borkòmъ (dative plural)
bȏrkъ (accusative singular)
bȏrka (accusative dual)
bȏrky (accusative plural)
bȏrkъmь (instrumental singular)
bȏrkomь (instrumental singular)
borkomà (dual instrumental)
borký (instrumental plural)
bȏrcě (locative singular)
borkù (dual locative)
borcě̃xъ (locative plural)
borče (singular vocative)
bȏrka (dual vocative)
bȏrci (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: бракъ (brakŭ)

→ Russian: брак (brak)

Bulgarian: брак (brak)

Macedonian: брак (brak)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бра̑к

Latin script: brȃk

Slovene: brákovica

ętry

sister-in-law (husband's brother's wife)


vedrъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *vedrъ (hard)

Definite declension of *vedrъ (hard)

vedrъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
vedra (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
vedro (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
vedra (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
vedry (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
vedra (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
vedru (dative indefinite masculine singular)
vedrě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
vedru (dative indefinite neuter singular)
vedrъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
vedrǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
vedro (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
vedromь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
vedrojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
vedromь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
vedrě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
vedrě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
vedrě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
vedre (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
vedro (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
vedro (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
vedra (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
vedrě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
vedrě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
vedru (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
vedru (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
vedru (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
vedroma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
vedrama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
vedroma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
vedra (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
vedrě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
vedrě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
vedroma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
vedrama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
vedroma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
vedru (dual indefinite locative masculine)
vedru (dual feminine indefinite locative)
vedru (dual indefinite locative neuter)
vedra (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
vedrě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
vedrě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
vedri (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
vedry (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
vedra (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
vedrъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
vedrъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
vedrъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
vedromъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
vedramъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
vedromъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
vedry (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
vedry (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
vedra (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
vedry (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
vedrami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
vedry (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
vedrěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
vedraxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
vedrěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
vedri (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
vedry (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
vedra (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
vedrъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
vedraja (definite feminine nominative singular)
vedroje (definite neuter nominative singular)
vedrajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
vedryję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
vedrajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
vedrujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
vedrěji (dative definite feminine singular)
vedrujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
vedrъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
vedrǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
vedroje (accusative definite neuter singular)
vedryjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
vedrǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
vedryjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
vedrějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
vedrěji (definite feminine locative singular)
vedrějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
vedrъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
vedraja (definite feminine singular vocative)
vedroje (definite neuter singular vocative)
vedraja (definite dual masculine nominative)
vedrěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
vedrěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
vedruju (definite dual genitive masculine)
vedruju (definite dual feminine genitive)
vedruju (definite dual genitive neuter)
vedryjima (dative definite dual masculine)
vedryjima (dative definite dual feminine)
vedryjima (dative definite dual neuter)
vedraja (accusative definite dual masculine)
vedrěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
vedrěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
vedryjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
vedryjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
vedryjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
vedruju (definite dual locative masculine)
vedruju (definite dual feminine locative)
vedruju (definite dual locative neuter)
vedraja (definite dual masculine vocative)
vedrěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
vedrěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
vedriji (definite masculine nominative plural)
vedryję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
vedraja (definite neuter nominative plural)
vedrъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
vedrъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
vedrъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
vedryjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
vedryjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
vedryjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
vedryję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
vedryję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
vedraja (accusative definite neuter plural)
vedryjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
vedryjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
vedryjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
vedryjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
vedryjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
vedryjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
vedriji (definite masculine plural vocative)
vedryję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
vedraja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: вёдрый (vjódryj) (obsolete or dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Church Slavonic: ведръ (vedrŭ)

Bulgarian: ве́дър (védǎr)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ве̏дар

Latin script: vȅdar

Slovene: védǝr, vedrnica

Uncertain:
* From Proto-Indo-European *wed-ro-, from *wed- (“water”). Morphologically *ved- + *-rъ. Cognate with Latin vitrum n (“glass”).
* From Proto-Indo-European *wedʰro- or *h₂wh₁edʰro- (< *h₂weh₁- (“to blow”)). Possibly cognate with Proto-Germanic *wedrą n (“weather”) (or from *h₂wh₁etro- or *wétrom). Compare *vě̀trъ (“wind, air”).


kľusę

a (accent-paradigm)
kľusę (nominative singular)
kľùsęti (dual nominative)
kľùsętā (nominative plural)
kľùsęte (genitive singular)
kľùsętu (dual genitive)
kľùsętъ (genitive plural)
kľùsęti (dative singular)
kľùsętьma (dative dual)
kľùsętьmъ (dative plural)
kľusę (accusative singular)
kľùsęti (accusative dual)
kľùsętā (accusative plural)
kľùsętьmь (instrumental singular)
kľùsętьma (dual instrumental)
kľùsętȳ (instrumental plural)
kľùsęte (locative singular)
kľùsętu (dual locative)
kľùsętьxъ (locative plural)
kľusę (singular vocative)
kľùsęti (dual vocative)
kľùsętā (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: клюсѧ

Russian: клюся (kljusja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: клюсѧ

Bulgarian: клюсе́ (kljusé)

Macedonian: кљусе (kljuse)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кљусе

Latin script: kljuse

Slovene: kljúse

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kľúsě

Czech: klíse

Old Polish: klusię

From pre-Proto-Slavic *kľupsent, equivalent to *kľusъ (“trot, gait”) + *-ę, from Proto-Indo-European *klewp-. Probably akin to Lithuanian klaũptis (“to kneel down”), klùpti (“to trip, to stumble”) and possibly further related to Proto-Germanic *hlaupaną (“to leap”) (from Proto-Indo-European *klewb-).

beast of burden (usually in pejorative sense)

kľusъ

*kľusati (“to hurdle one's movement, to walk with difficulty”)

trot, gait (type of obstructed movement)


bolgъ

bȏlgъ (canonical)
bȏlgъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
bȏlga (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
bȏlgo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
bȏlga (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
bȏlgy (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
bȏlga (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
bȏlgu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
bȏldzě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
bȏlgu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
bȏlgъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
bȏlgǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
bȏlgo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
bȏlgomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
bȏlgojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
bȏlgomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
bȏldzě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
bȏldzě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
bȏldzě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
bȏlže (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
bȏlgo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
bȏlgo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
bȏlga (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
bȏldzě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
bȏldzě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
bȏlgu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
bȏlgu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
bȏlgu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
bȏlgoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
bȏlgama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
bȏlgoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
bȏlga (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
bȏldzě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
bȏldzě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
bȏlgoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
bȏlgama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
bȏlgoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
bȏlgu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
bȏlgu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
bȏlgu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
bȏlga (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
bȏldzě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
bȏldzě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
bȏldzi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
bȏlgy (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
bȏlga (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
bȏlgъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
bȏlgъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
bȏlgъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
bȏlgomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
bȏlgamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
bȏlgomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
bȏlgy (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
bȏlgy (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
bȏlga (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
bȏlgy (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
bȏlgami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
bȏlgy (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
bȏldzěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
bȏlgaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
bȏldzěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
bȏldzi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
bȏlgy (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
bȏlga (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
bȏlgъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
bȏlgaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
bȏlgoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
bȏlgajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
bȏlgyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
bȏlgajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
bȏlgujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
bȏldzěji (dative definite feminine singular)
bȏlgujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
bȏlgъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
bȏlgǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
bȏlgoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
bȏlgyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
bȏlgǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
bȏlgyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
bȏldzějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
bȏldzěji (definite feminine locative singular)
bȏldzějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
bȏlgъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
bȏlgaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
bȏlgoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
bȏlgaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
bȏldzěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
bȏldzěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
bȏlguju (definite dual genitive masculine)
bȏlguju (definite dual feminine genitive)
bȏlguju (definite dual genitive neuter)
bȏlgyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
bȏlgyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
bȏlgyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
bȏlgaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
bȏldzěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
bȏldzěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
bȏlgyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
bȏlgyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
bȏlgyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
bȏlguju (definite dual locative masculine)
bȏlguju (definite dual feminine locative)
bȏlguju (definite dual locative neuter)
bȏlgaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
bȏldzěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
bȏldzěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
bȏldziji (definite masculine nominative plural)
bȏlgyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
bȏlgaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
bȏlgъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
bȏlgъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
bȏlgъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
bȏlgyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
bȏlgyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
bȏlgyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
bȏlgyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
bȏlgyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
bȏlgaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
bȏlgyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
bȏlgyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
bȏlgyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
bȏlgyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
bȏlgyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
bȏlgyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
bȏldziji (definite masculine plural vocative)
bȏlgyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
bȏlgaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

Indefinite declension of *bolgъ (hard)

Definite declension of *bolgъ (hard)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: бологъ (bologŭ)

Old Ruthenian: бологїй (bolohij)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: благъ (blagŭ)

→ Belarusian: благі́ (blahí)

→ Polish: błahy

→ Lithuanian: blogas

→ Russian: благой (blagoj)

→ Ukrainian: благий (blahyj)

Bulgarian: благ (blag)

Macedonian: благ (blag)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бла̑г

Latin script: blȃg

Slovene: blȃg (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: blahý

Czech: blahý

Slovak: blahý

Polish: błogi

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: błogi

Compare the noun *bolgo (“good, well-being”), both possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to shine”).


agolvo

a (accent-paradigm)
agolvo (nominative singular)
agolvě (dual nominative)
agolva (nominative plural)
agolva (genitive singular)
agolvu (dual genitive)
agolvъ (genitive plural)
agolvu (dative singular)
agolvoma (dative dual)
agolvomъ (dative plural)
agolvo (accusative singular)
agolvě (accusative dual)
agolva (accusative plural)
agolvъmь (instrumental singular)
agolvomь (instrumental singular)
agolvoma (dual instrumental)
agolvȳ (instrumental plural)
agolvě (locative singular)
agolvu (dual locative)
agolvě̄xъ (locative plural)
agolvo (singular vocative)
agolvě (dual vocative)
agolva (plural vocative)


mytařь

mytařь (nominative singular)
mytařa (dual nominative)
mytaři (nominative plural)
mytařa (genitive singular)
mytařu (dual genitive)
mytařь (genitive plural)
mytařu (dative singular)
mytařema (dative dual)
mytařemъ (dative plural)
mytařь (accusative singular)
mytařa (accusative dual)
mytařę̇ (accusative plural)
mytařьmь (instrumental singular)
mytařemь (instrumental singular)
mytařema (dual instrumental)
mytaři (instrumental plural)
mytaři (locative singular)
mytařu (dual locative)
mytařixъ (locative plural)
mytařu (singular vocative)
mytařa (dual vocative)
mytaři (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: мꙑтарь (mytarĭ)