pǫčiti

pǫ̀čiti (canonical)
a (accent-paradigm)
pǫčenьje (noun-from-verb)
pǫčiti (infinitive)
pǫčitъ (supine)
pǫčilъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
pǫčenъ (participle passive past)
pǫčimъ (participle passive present)
pǫčь (active participle past)
pǫčę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
pǫčixъ (aorist first-person singular)
pǫči (aorist second-person singular)
pǫči (aorist singular third-person)
pǫčǫ (first-person present singular)
pǫčiši (present second-person singular)
pǫčitь (present singular third-person)
pǫčixově (aorist dual first-person)
pǫčista (aorist dual second-person)
pǫčiste (aorist dual third-person)
pǫčivě (dual first-person present)
pǫčita (dual present second-person)
pǫčite (dual present third-person)
pǫčixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pǫčiste (aorist plural second-person)
pǫčišę (aorist plural third-person)
pǫčimъ (first-person plural present)
pǫčite (plural present second-person)
pǫčętь (plural present third-person)
pǫčaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pǫčaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pǫčaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pǫči (imperative second-person singular)
pǫči (imperative singular third-person)
pǫčaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pǫčaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pǫčaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pǫčivě (dual first-person imperative)
pǫčita (dual imperative second-person)
pǫčaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pǫčaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pǫčaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pǫčimъ (first-person imperative plural)
pǫčite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Russian: пу́чить (púčitʹ, “to become swollen”)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пу̏ћи (“to burst, to crack, to shoot”), 1sg. пу̏кне̄м

Latin: pȕći (“to burst, to crack, to shoot”), 1sg. pȕknēm

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: pọ́čiti (“to burst, to crack, to hit”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. pọ̑čim (tonal orthography)

West Slavic: —

Per Derksen, from Proto-Indo-European *punHk-; cognate with Latin pānus (“tumor”). Vasmer adds as cognate Persian پنگ (pang, “bunch of dates”), but alternatively suggests that the verb is onomatopoeic.


počiti

počìti (canonical perfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
počitьje (noun-from-verb)
počiti (infinitive)
počitъ (supine)
počilъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
počitъ (participle passive past)
počivъ (active participle past)
a (accent-paradigm)
počixъ (aorist first-person singular)
poči (aorist second-person singular)
poči (aorist singular third-person)
počijǫ (first-person present singular)
počiješi (present second-person singular)
počijetь (present singular third-person)
počixově (aorist dual first-person)
počista (aorist dual second-person)
počiste (aorist dual third-person)
počijevě (dual first-person present)
počijeta (dual present second-person)
počijete (dual present third-person)
počixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
počiste (aorist plural second-person)
počišę (aorist plural third-person)
počijemъ (first-person plural present)
počijete (plural present second-person)
počijǫtь (plural present third-person)
počiji (imperative second-person singular)
počiji (imperative singular third-person)
počijivě (dual first-person imperative)
počijita (dual imperative second-person)
počijimъ (first-person imperative plural)
počijite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: (спачы́ць (spačýcʹ))

Russian: почи́ть (počítʹ)

Ukrainian: почи́ти (počýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: почити (počiti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Slovene: počíti (tonal orthography)

From *po- + *čiti, from the root *kʷyeh₁-. Akin to Sanskrit चिर (cirá, “long”), Avestan 𐬱𐬁𐬌𐬙𐬌𐬨 (šāⁱtim, “happiness”), Latin quiēs (“rest”), Latin tranquīlus, tranquillus (“tranquil”), Proto-Germanic *hwīlō (“pause, while”).


piščati

pīščàti (canonical)
b (accent-paradigm)
piščanьje (noun-from-verb)
piščati (infinitive)
piščatъ (supine)
piščalъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
piščanъ (participle passive past)
piščimъ (participle passive present)
piščavъ (active participle past)
piščę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
piščaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
pišča (aorist second-person singular)
pišča (aorist singular third-person)
piščǫ (first-person present singular)
piščiši (present second-person singular)
piščitь (present singular third-person)
piščaxově (aorist dual first-person)
piščasta (aorist dual second-person)
piščaste (aorist dual third-person)
piščivě (dual first-person present)
piščita (dual present second-person)
piščite (dual present third-person)
piščaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
piščaste (aorist plural second-person)
piščašę (aorist plural third-person)
piščimъ (first-person plural present)
piščite (plural present second-person)
piščętь (plural present third-person)
piščaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
piščaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
piščaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pišči (imperative second-person singular)
pišči (imperative singular third-person)
piščaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
piščaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
piščaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
piščivě (dual first-person imperative)
piščita (dual imperative second-person)
piščaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
piščaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
piščaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
piščimъ (first-person imperative plural)
piščite (imperative plural second-person)

Alternative form of *pīskàti (“to squeak, to whistle”)


plaviti

plàviti (canonical)
a (accent-paradigm)
plavľenьje (noun-from-verb)
plaviti (infinitive)
plavitъ (supine)
plavilъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
plavľenъ (participle passive past)
plavimъ (participle passive present)
plavľь (active participle past)
plavę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
plavixъ (aorist first-person singular)
plavi (aorist second-person singular)
plavi (aorist singular third-person)
plavľǫ (first-person present singular)
plaviši (present second-person singular)
plavitь (present singular third-person)
plavixově (aorist dual first-person)
plavista (aorist dual second-person)
plaviste (aorist dual third-person)
plavivě (dual first-person present)
plavita (dual present second-person)
plavite (dual present third-person)
plavixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
plaviste (aorist plural second-person)
plavišę (aorist plural third-person)
plavimъ (first-person plural present)
plavite (plural present second-person)
plavętь (plural present third-person)
plavľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
plavľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
plavľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
plavi (imperative second-person singular)
plavi (imperative singular third-person)
plavľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
plavľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
plavľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
plavivě (dual first-person imperative)
plavita (dual imperative second-person)
plavľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
plavľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
plavľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
plavimъ (first-person imperative plural)
plavite (imperative plural second-person)

desc

Old Church Slavonic: плавитися (plavitisja, “to sail”)

East Slavic:

Russian: пла́вить (plávitʹ, “to melt”)

Ukrainian: плавити (plavyty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: пла́вя (plávja, “to rinse”) (dialectal)

Macedonian: плави (plavi, “to rinse, to wash, to flood”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пла̏вити (“to flood”)

Latin: plȁviti (“to flood”), ploviti (“to sail”)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: plavíti (“to flood, to sail, to melt”) (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desc

Czech: plavit (“to float, to bathe (horses or cattle), to scour, to navigate”)

Polish: pławić (“to bathe (horses or cattle); (archaic) to melt”), spławić (“to transport by water”)

Slovak: plaviť (“to float”)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: pławić

Lower Sorbian: pławiś

From *pluti + *-iti (causative), from Proto-Indo-European *plew- and/or *pleh₃-. Per Derksen, possibly conflated into *pleh₃(w)-. Cognate with Sanskrit प्लावयति (plāvayati, “to cause to float, to flood”), Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (frāuuaiieⁱti, “to cause to leave”), and the past-stem of Lithuanian pláuti (“to wash, to rinse”) (1sg. pres. pláuju, 1sg. past plóviau). Further akin to Ancient Greek πλώω (plṓō, “to float, to sail”), Proto-Germanic *flōaną (whence Old Norse flóa (“to flow”), English flow), etc.

cog

𐬟𐬭𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌


paxnǫti

East Slavic:

Belarusian: па́хнуць (páxnucʹ)

desc

Russian: пахну́ть (paxnútʹ, “to puff, to blow”), 1sg. пахну́ (paxnú), 3sg. пахнёт (paxnjót); па́хнуть (páxnutʹ, “to smell of”)

Ukrainian: па́хнути (páxnuty, “to smell good”)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: (запа̀хнути (“to begin to smell of”), 1sg. запа̀хне̄м)

Latin: (zapàhnuti (“to begin to smell of”), 1sg. zapàhnēm)

West Slavic:

Czech: páchnout (“to reek, to stink”)

Polish: pachnąć (“to smell of”)

Slovak: páchnuť (“to smell of”)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: pachnyć (“to emit smoke, to smoke”)

From the root of *paxati (“to sweep”) + *-nǫti. Probably onomatopoeic in origin.


pęti

c (accent-paradigm)
pętьje (noun-from-verb)
pęti (infinitive)
pętъ (supine)
pęlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
pętъ (participle passive past)
pьnomъ (participle passive present)
pьnъ (active participle past)
pьny (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
pęsъ (aorist first-person singular)
pę (aorist second-person singular)
pę (aorist singular third-person)
pьnǫ (first-person present singular)
pьneši (present second-person singular)
pьnetь (present singular third-person)
pęsově (aorist dual first-person)
pęsta (aorist dual second-person)
pęste (aorist dual third-person)
pьnevě (dual first-person present)
pьneta (dual present second-person)
pьnete (dual present third-person)
pęsomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pęste (aorist plural second-person)
pęsę (aorist plural third-person)
pьnemъ (first-person plural present)
pьnete (plural present second-person)
pьnǫtь (plural present third-person)
pьněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pьněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pьněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pьni (imperative second-person singular)
pьni (imperative singular third-person)
pьněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pьněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pьněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pьněvě (dual first-person imperative)
pьněta (dual imperative second-person)
pьněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pьněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pьněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pьněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
pьněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: пѧти

Belarusian: пяць (pjacʹ)

Russian: пять (pjatʹ) (obsolete), -пять (-pjatʹ)

Ukrainian: п'я́сти (pʺjásty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: пѧти

Glagolitic: ⱂⱔⱅⰻ (pęti)

Bulgarian: пъ́на (pǎ́na)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пе́ти

Latin script: péti

West Slavic:

Kashubian: pic

Old Czech: pieti

Czech: pnout

Old Polish: piąć

Polish: piąć

Silesian: pnōńć, pnyć

Slovak: pnúť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: pjeć

Lower Sorbian: pjeś

From Pre-slavic *péntei (pin-), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *pínˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁-.


oťьtnǫti

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ѡчхнꙋтисѧ

Belarusian: ачну́цца (ačnúcca)

Russian: очну́ться (očnútʹsja) (literary)

Ukrainian: очну́тися (očnútysja) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: octnúti

Czech: octnout, (rarely) ocitnout

Polish: ocknąć, (archaic) ocnąć

Slovak: ocitnúť

See *oťutiti (“to feel, to perceive”) for etymology. Note that that verb is built off of Proto-Slavic *jut- (full grade), whereas this verb is built off of Proto-Slavic *jьt- (zero grade of the same root). If Proto-Slavic *jut- is ultimately connected with Sanskrit वत् (vat, “to get acquainted with”) (see the discussion under *otjutiti), the *j- in *jьt- must be borrowed from the full grade (per Derksen).

cog

to wake up? to come to be, to find oneself?


otъvěťati

otъvěťanьje (noun-from-verb)
otъvěťati (infinitive)
otъvěťatъ (supine)
otъvěťalъ (l-participle)
otъvěťanъ (participle passive past)
otъvěťajemъ (participle passive present)
otъvěťavъ (active participle past)
otъvěťaję (active participle present)
otъvěťaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
otъvěťa (aorist second-person singular)
otъvěťa (aorist singular third-person)
otъvěťajǫ (first-person present singular)
otъvěťaješi (present second-person singular)
otъvěťajetь (present singular third-person)
otъvěťaxově (aorist dual first-person)
otъvěťasta (aorist dual second-person)
otъvěťaste (aorist dual third-person)
otъvěťajevě (dual first-person present)
otъvěťajeta (dual present second-person)
otъvěťajete (dual present third-person)
otъvěťaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
otъvěťaste (aorist plural second-person)
otъvěťašę (aorist plural third-person)
otъvěťajemъ (first-person plural present)
otъvěťajete (plural present second-person)
otъvěťajǫtь (plural present third-person)
otъvěťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
otъvěťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
otъvěťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
otъvěťaji (imperative second-person singular)
otъvěťaji (imperative singular third-person)
otъvěťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
otъvěťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
otъvěťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
otъvěťajivě (dual first-person imperative)
otъvěťajita (dual imperative second-person)
otъvěťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
otъvěťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
otъvěťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
otъvěťajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
otъvěťajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: отъвѣчати (otŭvěčati), отъвѣтати (otŭvětati)

Belarusian: адвяча́ць (advjačácʹ) (dialectal)

Russian: отвеча́ть (otvečátʹ)

Ukrainian: відвіча́ти (vidvičáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: отъвѣщати (otŭvěštati)

Bulgarian: отвѣщаѭ (otvěštajǫ) (archaic; Gerov's dictionary)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: одвијећати, одвијетати

Cyrillic script: одвијећати, одвијетати

Latin script: odvijećati, odvijetati

West Slavic:

Czech: odveceti (archaic)

From *otъvětiti + *-ati; see also *otъ-, *věťati.


otъverti

otъvèrti (canonical)
b (accent-paradigm)
otъvьrtьje (noun-from-verb)
otъverti (infinitive)
otъvertъ (supine)
otъvьrlъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
otъvьrtъ (participle passive past)
otъvьromъ (participle passive present)
otъvьrъ (active participle past)
otъvьry (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
otъverxъ (aorist first-person singular)
otъver (aorist second-person singular)
otъver (aorist singular third-person)
otъvьrǫ (first-person present singular)
otъvьreši (present second-person singular)
otъvьretь (present singular third-person)
otъverxově (aorist dual first-person)
otъversta (aorist dual second-person)
otъverste (aorist dual third-person)
otъvьrevě (dual first-person present)
otъvьreta (dual present second-person)
otъvьrete (dual present third-person)
otъverxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
otъverste (aorist plural second-person)
otъveršę (aorist plural third-person)
otъvьremъ (first-person plural present)
otъvьrete (plural present second-person)
otъvьrǫtь (plural present third-person)
otъvьrěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
otъvьrěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
otъvьrěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
otъvьri (imperative second-person singular)
otъvьri (imperative singular third-person)
otъvьrěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
otъvьrěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
otъvьrěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
otъvьrěvě (dual first-person imperative)
otъvьrěta (dual imperative second-person)
otъvьrěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
otъvьrěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
otъvьrěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
otъvьrěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
otъvьrěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: отвере́ть (otverétʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ода̀вријети (Vuk's dictionary)

Latin: odàvrijeti (Vuk's dictionary)

Slovene: odvrẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: otevřieti

Czech: otevřít

Old Polish: odewrzeć, otewrzeć

Polish: odewrzeć (dialectal), otworzyć (suppletive participles and past tense forms only)

Slovincian: vɵ̀tevřėc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wotewrić

Lower Sorbian: wótewrěś (archaic)

From *otъ- + *verti. Akin to Lithuanian atverti, Latvian atvērt.


otъvoriti

otъvorìti (canonical)
b (accent-paradigm)
otъvořenьje (noun-from-verb)
otъvoriti (infinitive)
otъvoritъ (supine)
otъvorilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
otъvořenъ (participle passive past)
otъvorimъ (participle passive present)
otъvořь (active participle past)
otъvorę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
otъvorixъ (aorist first-person singular)
otъvori (aorist second-person singular)
otъvori (aorist singular third-person)
otъvořǫ (first-person present singular)
otъvoriši (present second-person singular)
otъvoritь (present singular third-person)
otъvorixově (aorist dual first-person)
otъvorista (aorist dual second-person)
otъvoriste (aorist dual third-person)
otъvorivě (dual first-person present)
otъvorita (dual present second-person)
otъvorite (dual present third-person)
otъvorixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
otъvoriste (aorist plural second-person)
otъvorišę (aorist plural third-person)
otъvorimъ (first-person plural present)
otъvorite (plural present second-person)
otъvorętь (plural present third-person)
otъvořaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
otъvořaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
otъvořaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
otъvori (imperative second-person singular)
otъvori (imperative singular third-person)
otъvořaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
otъvořaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
otъvořaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
otъvorivě (dual first-person imperative)
otъvorita (dual imperative second-person)
otъvořaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
otъvořaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
otъvořaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
otъvorimъ (first-person imperative plural)
otъvorite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: отворити (otvoriti)

Russian: отвори́ть (otvorítʹ)

Ukrainian: отвори́ти (otvorýty) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: отворити (otvoriti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: отво́ря (otvórja)

Macedonian: отвори (otvori)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: отво̀рити

Latin script: otvòriti

Slovene: otvoríti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: otvořiti

Czech: otvořiti (obsolete), otvořiť (dialectal), otvoric (dialectal)

Polabian: (wittöhr, vitör (“open the door”, imperative))

desctree

Old Polish: otworzyć
Polish: otworzyć
Silesian: ôtworzić

Slovak: otvoriť

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: òtwòrzëc (rare)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wótworiś

Causative/iterative from *otъverti (“to open”); see there for etymology.


otъverzti

otъvьrstьje (noun-from-verb)
otъverzti (infinitive)
otъverztъ (supine)
otъvьrzlъ (l-participle)
otъvьrstъ (participle passive past)
otъvьrzomъ (participle passive present)
otъvьrzъ (active participle past)
otъvьrzy (active participle present)
otъvьrzъ (aorist first-person singular)
otъvьrzoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
otъvьrze (aorist second-person singular)
otъvьrze (aorist singular third-person)
otъvьrzǫ (first-person present singular)
otъvьrzeši (present second-person singular)
otъvьrzetь (present singular third-person)
otъvьrzově (aorist dual first-person)
otъvьrzoxově (aorist dual first-person)
otъvьrzeta (aorist dual second-person)
otъvьrzosta (aorist dual second-person)
otъvьrzete (aorist dual third-person)
otъvьrzoste (aorist dual third-person)
otъvьrzevě (dual first-person present)
otъvьrzeta (dual present second-person)
otъvьrzete (dual present third-person)
otъvьrzomъ (aorist first-person plural)
otъvьrzoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
otъvьrzete (aorist plural second-person)
otъvьrzoste (aorist plural second-person)
otъvьrzǫ (aorist plural third-person)
otъvьrzošę (aorist plural third-person)
otъvьrzemъ (first-person plural present)
otъvьrzete (plural present second-person)
otъvьrzǫtь (plural present third-person)
otъvьrzěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
otъvьrzěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
otъvьrzěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
otъvьrzi (imperative second-person singular)
otъvьrzi (imperative singular third-person)
otъvьrzěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
otъvьrzěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
otъvьrzěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
otъvьrzěvě (dual first-person imperative)
otъvьrzěta (dual imperative second-person)
otъvьrzěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
otъvьrzěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
otъvьrzěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
otъvьrzěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
otъvьrzěte (imperative plural second-person)
otъvьrstьje (noun-from-verb)
otъverzti (infinitive)
otъverztъ (supine)
otъvьrzlъ (l-participle)
otъvьrstъ (participle passive past)
otъvьrzomъ (participle passive present)
otъvьrzъ (active participle past)
otъvьrzy (active participle present)
otъversъ (aorist first-person singular)
otъverze (aorist second-person singular)
otъverze (aorist singular third-person)
otъvьrzǫ (first-person present singular)
otъvьrzeši (present second-person singular)
otъvьrzetь (present singular third-person)
otъversově (aorist dual first-person)
otъversta (aorist dual second-person)
otъverste (aorist dual third-person)
otъvьrzevě (dual first-person present)
otъvьrzeta (dual present second-person)
otъvьrzete (dual present third-person)
otъversomъ (aorist first-person plural)
otъverste (aorist plural second-person)
otъversę (aorist plural third-person)
otъvьrzemъ (first-person plural present)
otъvьrzete (plural present second-person)
otъvьrzǫtь (plural present third-person)
otъvьrzěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
otъvьrzěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
otъvьrzěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
otъvьrzi (imperative second-person singular)
otъvьrzi (imperative singular third-person)
otъvьrzěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
otъvьrzěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
otъvьrzěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
otъvьrzěvě (dual first-person imperative)
otъvьrzěta (dual imperative second-person)
otъvьrzěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
otъvьrzěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
otъvьrzěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
otъvьrzěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
otъvьrzěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: отъврезти (otŭvrezti)

Russian: poetic отве́рзть (otvérztʹ)

Ukrainian: (отве́рзтися (otvérztysja))

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: отъвьрзати (otŭvĭrzati), отъврѣщи (otŭvrěšti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: отвъ́ржа (otvǎ́rža)

desc

Macedonian: одврже (odvrže), одврзе (odvrze) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: одвр́сти (Karadzić's dictionary)

Latin: odvŕsti

From *otъ- + *verzti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *verź-, from Proto-Indo-European *werǵʰ-. Cognate with Lithuanian ver̃žti (“to string, to squeeze, to tighten”), Old High German wurgen (“to strangle”).


dętelьcь

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дје̏тлић

Latin script: djȅtlić

West Slavic:

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: źiśelc, źěśelc

Upper Sorbian: dźećelc


pariti

pařenьje (noun-from-verb)
pariti (infinitive)
paritъ (supine)
parilъ (l-participle)
pařenъ (participle passive past)
parimъ (participle passive present)
pařь (active participle past)
parę (active participle present)
parixъ (aorist first-person singular)
pari (aorist second-person singular)
pari (aorist singular third-person)
pařǫ (first-person present singular)
pariši (present second-person singular)
paritь (present singular third-person)
parixově (aorist dual first-person)
parista (aorist dual second-person)
pariste (aorist dual third-person)
parivě (dual first-person present)
parita (dual present second-person)
parite (dual present third-person)
parixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pariste (aorist plural second-person)
parišę (aorist plural third-person)
parimъ (first-person plural present)
parite (plural present second-person)
parętь (plural present third-person)
pařaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pařaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pařaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pari (imperative second-person singular)
pari (imperative singular third-person)
pařaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pařaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pařaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
parivě (dual first-person imperative)
parita (dual imperative second-person)
pařaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pařaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pařaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
parimъ (first-person imperative plural)
parite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: парити (pariti)

Russian: пари́ть (parítʹ), 1sg. парю́ (parjú), 3sg. пари́т (parít)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: парѧщѧ (“which flew”, fem. acc. pl. pres. act. part.)

West Slavic:

Polish: parzyć

From Proto-Indo-European *pōr-, from the root *per- (reconstructed by Derksen as *perH-, although a laryngeal is not normally assumed).
* Черных: see *pero
* Derksen+Vasmer: Cognate with Sanskrit पारयति (pārayáti, “to lead”), Old English fōrian (“to lead”) (English fare) and many other words.
** Vasmer: also पिपर्ति (piparti), Avestan 𐬞𐬁𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (pāraiieⁱti), Avestan 𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬎 (pər^ətu), Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌽 (faran), Old High German furt, Latin portus


pariti

Church Slavonic: парити (pariti)

East Slavic:

Russian: па́рить (páritʹ)

Ukrainian: па́рити (páryty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: па́ря (párja)

Macedonian: пари (pari)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: па̏рити

Latin script: pȁriti

Slovene: páriti

West Slavic:

Czech: pařit

Polish: parzyć

Slovak: pariť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: parić

Lower Sorbian: pariś

* Vasmer: from *para + *-iti. Compare Lithuanian perė́ti (“to incubate, brood”), periù, perė́jau


oťutiti

oťutìti (canonical)
oťuťenьje (noun-from-verb)
oťutiti (infinitive)
oťutitъ (supine)
oťutilъ (l-participle)
oťuťenъ (participle passive past)
oťutimъ (participle passive present)
oťuťь (active participle past)
oťutę (active participle present)
oťutixъ (aorist first-person singular)
oťuti (aorist second-person singular)
oťuti (aorist singular third-person)
oťuťǫ (first-person present singular)
oťutiši (present second-person singular)
oťutitь (present singular third-person)
oťutixově (aorist dual first-person)
oťutista (aorist dual second-person)
oťutiste (aorist dual third-person)
oťutivě (dual first-person present)
oťutita (dual present second-person)
oťutite (dual present third-person)
oťutixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
oťutiste (aorist plural second-person)
oťutišę (aorist plural third-person)
oťutimъ (first-person plural present)
oťutite (plural present second-person)
oťutętь (plural present third-person)
oťuťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
oťuťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
oťuťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
oťuti (imperative second-person singular)
oťuti (imperative singular third-person)
oťuťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
oťuťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
oťuťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
oťutivě (dual first-person imperative)
oťutita (dual imperative second-person)
oťuťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
oťuťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
oťuťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
oťutimъ (first-person imperative plural)
oťutite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: очꙋтити (očutiti), очꙋтитисꙗ (očutitisja)

Belarusian: ачуці́цца (ačucícca)

Russian: очути́ться (očutítʹsja)

Ukrainian: очути́тися (očutýtysja), очу́титися (očútytysja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: ощоутити (oštutiti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ћу́тјети (archaic, literary)

Latin: ćútjeti (archaic, literary)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: čutīti, čútiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: cútiti

Czech: cítit

Old Polish: ocucić

Polish: ocucić, cucić

Slovak: cítiť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wocućić, cućić

Lower Sorbian: wóćuśiś

From *ot- + Proto-Balto-Slavic *jaut-. Cognate with Lithuanian jaũsti (“to feel, to sense”) (1sg. jaučiù, 3sg. jaũčia, 3sg. past jaũtė), jùsti (“to feel”) (1sg. juntù, 3sg. juñta, 3sg. past jùto), jutė́ti (“to feel”) (1sg. jutù), Latvian jàust (“to feel, to notice, to understand, to heed”), just (“to feel, to notice”). Per Derksen, possibly connected with Sanskrit वत् (vat, “to get acquainted with”), but only under the assumption that the zero-grade Proto-Indo-European *ut- of the root *wet- was formed into a new full grade *ewt- in the Indo-European dialects underlying Balto-Slavic.
Forms in daughter languages that lack initial o- are due to reanalysis of assimilated *oťutiti as *o-ťutiti with prefix *o-, followed by extraction of the reanalyzed root verb.


obrěsti

obrětenьje (noun-from-verb)
obrěsti (infinitive)
obrěstъ (supine)
obrětlъ (l-participle)
obrětenъ (participle passive past)
obrětъ (active participle past)
obrětъ (aorist first-person singular)
obrětoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
obrěte (aorist second-person singular)
obrěte (aorist singular third-person)
obręťǫ (first-person present singular)
obręťeši (present second-person singular)
obręťetь (present singular third-person)
obrětově (aorist dual first-person)
obrětoxově (aorist dual first-person)
obrěteta (aorist dual second-person)
obrětosta (aorist dual second-person)
obrětete (aorist dual third-person)
obrětoste (aorist dual third-person)
obręťevě (dual first-person present)
obręťeta (dual present second-person)
obręťete (dual present third-person)
obrětomъ (aorist first-person plural)
obrětoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
obrětete (aorist plural second-person)
obrětoste (aorist plural second-person)
obrětǫ (aorist plural third-person)
obrětošę (aorist plural third-person)
obręťemъ (first-person plural present)
obręťete (plural present second-person)
obręťǫtь (plural present third-person)
obręťi (imperative second-person singular)
obręťi (imperative singular third-person)
obręťivě (dual first-person imperative)
obręťita (dual imperative second-person)
obręťimъ (first-person imperative plural)
obręťite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: обрѣсти (obrěsti, “to find”), 1sg. обрѧщѫ

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: обрести (“to find”) (13th-16th century)

Latin: obresti (“to find”) (13th-16th century); dialectal obrèsti se (“to meet”), obrȅs(t) (“to be found, to turn out to be”)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: obrẹ́sti (“to find”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. obrẹ́tem (tonal orthography)

From *ob- + an obscure element *rět-, possibly from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wrēt-, also found in Proto-Slavic *sъrěsti (“to encounter”). Cognate with Lithuanian surė̃sti (“to seize”). Per Trubachev, the most likely cognates are Ancient Greek εὑρίσκω (heurískō, “to find, to acquire”) (aor. εὗρον (heûron)), Old Irish ·fúar (“I found”) < *wewr- (3sg. passive -fríth (“it was found”) < *wrē-to), Old Armenian գերեմ (gerem, “to capture, take prisoner”). However, LIV derives these from *wreh₁- (“to find”) (Matasović similarly from *werh₁- (“to find”)), and tentatively derives the Slavic verb from a verbal root Proto-Indo-European *reh₁t- (“to encounter, to find”).


dętelъ

dę̀telъ (canonical masculine)
dętelъ (nominative singular)
dętela (dual nominative)
dęteli (nominative plural)
dętela (genitive singular)
dętelu (dual genitive)
dętelъ (genitive plural)
dętelu (dative singular)
dęteloma (dative dual)
dętelomъ (dative plural)
dętelъ (accusative singular)
dętela (accusative dual)
dętely (accusative plural)
dętelъmь (instrumental singular)
dętelomь (instrumental singular)
dęteloma (dual instrumental)
dętely (instrumental plural)
dętelě (locative singular)
dętelu (dual locative)
dętelěxъ (locative plural)
dętele (singular vocative)
dętela (dual vocative)
dęteli (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: дзя́цел (dzjácjel)

Russian: дя́тел (djátel)

Ukrainian: дя́тел (djátel)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: дѧтелъ

Bulgarian: де́тел (détel), де́тло n (détlo) (dialectal)

Macedonian: детел (detel)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дјетао

Latin script: djetao

Slovene: dẹ́təł (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dětel

Czech: datel

Kashubian: dzãdzeł, dzãdzół, dzëdzół

Polish: dzięcioł

Slovak: ďateľ

Disputed:
* Machek, Trubačev, Derksen, Snoj (dominant view): From *dьlbti, *dьlbati (“to delve, to carve”) + *-telъ (o-stem variant of *-teľь), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰelbʰ- (“to dig, excavate”). Akin to dialectal *dьlbačь (attested in Bulgarian and Ukrainian). Nasalization due to presummed dissimilation l-T-l > n-T-l.
* Mladenov: From Proto-Indo-European *denḱ- (“to bite”) + *-telъ (cf. Ancient Greek δήξ (dḗx, “woodworm”)) with inherited nasalization, but with no other descendants from the reconstructed root within Balto-Slavic.


dǫga

dǭgà (canonical feminine)
b (accent-paradigm)
dǭgà (nominative singular)
dǫ̃dzě (dual nominative)
dǭgỳ (nominative plural)
dǭgỳ (genitive singular)
dǭgù (dual genitive)
dǫ̃gъ (genitive plural)
dǭdzě̀ (dative singular)
dǭgàma (dative dual)
dǭgàmъ (dative plural)
dǭgǫ̀ (accusative singular)
dǫ̃dzě (accusative dual)
dǭgỳ (accusative plural)
dǭgòjǫ (instrumental singular)
dǫ̃gǫ (instrumental singular)
dǭgàma (dual instrumental)
dǭgàmī (instrumental plural)
dǭdzě̀ (locative singular)
dǭgù (dual locative)
dǭgàsъ (locative plural)
dǭgàxъ (locative plural)
dǫgo (singular vocative)
dǫ̃dzě (dual vocative)
dǭgỳ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: дѫга (dǫga), дуга (duga), дꙋга (duga)

Old Ruthenian: дуга́ (duhá)

Ukrainian: дуга́ (duhá)

Russian: дуга́ (dugá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: дѫга (dǫga)

Bulgarian: дъга́ (dǎgá), дъ́нга (dǎ́nga) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ду́га

Latin script: dúga

Slovene: doga

West Slavic:

Old Czech: duha

Czech: duha

Bohemian (Chod dialect): douha

Kashubian: tãga

Polish: dęga (dialectal)

Silesian: danga, dynga

Slovak: dúha

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dangāˀ. Cognate with Latvian dañga (“corner”), Lithuanian dangà (“cover”), dánga, dangùs (“sky, heaven”).


olkati

òlkati (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
olkanьje (noun-from-verb)
olkati (infinitive)
olkatъ (supine)
olkalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
olkanъ (participle passive past)
olčemъ (participle passive present)
olkavъ (active participle past)
olčę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
olkaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
olka (aorist second-person singular)
olka (aorist singular third-person)
olčǫ (first-person present singular)
olčeši (present second-person singular)
olčetь (present singular third-person)
olkaxově (aorist dual first-person)
olkasta (aorist dual second-person)
olkaste (aorist dual third-person)
olčevě (dual first-person present)
olčeta (dual present second-person)
olčete (dual present third-person)
olkaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
olkaste (aorist plural second-person)
olkašę (aorist plural third-person)
olčemъ (first-person plural present)
olčete (plural present second-person)
olčǫtь (plural present third-person)
olkaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
olkaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
olkaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
olči (imperative second-person singular)
olči (imperative singular third-person)
olkaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
olkaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
olkaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
olčivě (dual first-person imperative)
olčita (dual imperative second-person)
olkaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
olkaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
olkaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
olčimъ (first-person imperative plural)
olčite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: лакати (lakati, “to crave”)

Russian: лака́ть (lakátʹ, “to crave”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: алъкати (alŭkati, “to be hungry, to fast”); лакати (lakati, “to be hungry, to fast”)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: lákati (“to be hungry, to be greedy, to starve”) (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: lákati (“to crave”)

Polish: (łaknąć (“to feel hunger for, to crave”))

Slovak: lákať

Sorbian:

desc

Lower Sorbian: łakaś (“to show desire, to stalk”)

Per Derksen, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *álˀktei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁olHk-, with the second laryngeal required to account for the acute tone in Balto-Slavic; but perhaps more commonly reconstructed as coming from Proto-Indo-European *h₁elḱ- (e.g. Rasmussen (p. 199) reconstructs *h₁e-h₁olk- > Proto-Balto-Slavic *ōlk-), compare Proto-Indo-European *h₁élḱos (“sore, ulcer”). Cognate with Lithuanian álkti (“to be hungry”) (1sg. álkstu, 1sg. past álkau), Latvian al̂kt (“to be hungry”) (1sg. al̂kstu), Old Prussian alkīns (“sober, skinny”), Old High German ilgi (“hunger, gnashing of the teeth”), probably also Old Norse illr (“evil”) < Proto-Germanic *ilhilaz.


odolěti

odolě̀ti (canonical)
odolěnьje (noun-from-verb)
odolěti (infinitive)
odolětъ (supine)
odolělъ (l-participle)
odolěnъ (participle passive past)
odolějemъ (participle passive present)
odolěvъ (active participle past)
odolěję (active participle present)
odolěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
odolě (aorist second-person singular)
odolě (aorist singular third-person)
odolějǫ (first-person present singular)
odolěješi (present second-person singular)
odolějetь (present singular third-person)
odolěxově (aorist dual first-person)
odolěsta (aorist dual second-person)
odolěste (aorist dual third-person)
odolějevě (dual first-person present)
odolějeta (dual present second-person)
odolějete (dual present third-person)
odolěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
odolěste (aorist plural second-person)
odolěšę (aorist plural third-person)
odolějemъ (first-person plural present)
odolějete (plural present second-person)
odolějǫtь (plural present third-person)
odolěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
odolěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
odolěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
odolěji (imperative second-person singular)
odolěji (imperative singular third-person)
odolěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
odolěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
odolěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
odolějivě (dual first-person imperative)
odolějita (dual imperative second-person)
odolěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
odolěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
odolěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
odolějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
odolějite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: одолѣти (odolěti)

Belarusian: адо́лець (adóljecʹ)

desc

Russian: одоле́ть (odolétʹ, “to overcome, to conquer”), 1sg. одоле́ю (odoléju)

→ Bulgarian: одоле́я (odoléja, “to overcome”)

Ukrainian: одолі́ти (odolíty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: одолѣти (odolěti), 1sg. одолѣѭ (odolějǫ)

Glagolitic script: [Term?]

Macedonian: одолее (odolee, “to overcome”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: одо̀љети (“to overcome, to withstand”), 1sg. о̀долӣм

Latin script: odòljeti (“to overcome, to withstand”), 1sg. òdolīm

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: odolẹ́ti (“to overcome, to defeat”) (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desc

Old Czech: odolati, udolati (“to endure, to bear on one's shoulders”))

Czech: odoleti (“to resist, to withstand”) (archaic; Kott's dictionary)

Polish: podołać (“to cope, to manage, to be up, to be equal to”)); (zdołać (“to be able”))

Slovak: odolieť (“to resist, to defend oneself”) (dialectal)

From *ob- + Proto-Indo-European *dolh₁-, from the root *delh₁- (“to split”). Cognate with Lithuanian dalýti (“to share”), Latvian dalît (“to share”), Old Prussian dellieis (“share!”, imperative), Latin dolō (“to fashion, to work (wood)”). Per Derksen and Vasmer, the semantic development was split > share > get one's share > win > overcome.


piťa

pìťa (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
pìťa (nominative singular)
pìťi (dual nominative)
pìťę̇ (nominative plural)
pìťę̇ (genitive singular)
pìťu (dual genitive)
pìťь (genitive plural)
pìťī (dative singular)
pìťama (dative dual)
pìťāmъ (dative plural)
pìťǫ (accusative singular)
pìťi (accusative dual)
pìťę̇ (accusative plural)
pìťējǫ (instrumental singular)
pìťǭ (instrumental singular)
pìťama (dual instrumental)
pìťāmī (instrumental plural)
pìťī (locative singular)
pìťu (dual locative)
pìťāsъ (locative plural)
pìťe (singular vocative)
pìťi (dual vocative)
pìťę̇ (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: пища (pišta, “food, bliss”), піца (pica)

Glagolitic: ⱂⰻⱎⱅⰰ (pišta), ⱂⰹⱌⰰ (pica)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пи̏ћа (“food, fodder”)

Latin script: pȉća (“food, fodder”)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: píča (“food, fodder”) (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: pícě

Czech: píce (“fodder”)

desctree

Old Polish: pica (“fodder”)
Polish: (obsolete) pica (“fodder”)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: pica (“food, fodder”)

Lower Sorbian: pica (“food, fodder”)

Normally reconstructed as stemming from Proto-Indo-European *peyH-. Derksen considers it more likely to stem from Proto-Balto-Slavic *peit-, from Proto-Indo-European *peyt-, assumed to be from the same root *pey- that underlies *peyH- but with a different root extension. Cognates involving *peyt- include Lithuanian piẽtūs (“dinner”, pl.), Sanskrit पितु (pitú, “nutrition”), Avestan 𐬞𐬌𐬙𐬎 (pitu, “food”), 𐬞𐬌𐬚𐬎𐬎𐬁 (piθuuā, “food”), Old Irish ithid (“to eat”), Boeotian dialectal Ancient Greek πιτεύω (piteúō, “to irrigate, to water (cattle)”). Cognates involving *peyH- include Sanskrit पीवन् (pī́van, “fat”), English fat and many other words; see the root for more cognates.


klenъ

klȅnъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
klȅnъ (nominative singular)
klȅna (dual nominative)
klȅni (nominative plural)
klȅna (genitive singular)
klenù (dual genitive)
klènъ (genitive plural)
klȅnu (dative singular)
klenomà (dative dual)
klenòmъ (dative plural)
klȅnъ (accusative singular)
klȅna (accusative dual)
klȅny (accusative plural)
klȅnъmь (instrumental singular)
klȅnomь (instrumental singular)
klenomà (dual instrumental)
klený (instrumental plural)
klȅně (locative singular)
klenù (dual locative)
kleně̃xъ (locative plural)
klene (singular vocative)
klȅna (dual vocative)
klȅni (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кленъ (klenŭ)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: кленъ (klen)
Belarusian: клён (kljon)
Ukrainian: клен (klen)

Russian: клён (kljon)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: кленъ (klenŭ)

Bulgarian: клен (klen)

Macedonian: клен (klen)

Serbo-Croatian:

desc

кље̏н, кли̏јен, ку̑н (dialectal)

Cyrillic script: кле̏н; кље̏н, кли̏јен, ку̑н (dialectal)

Latin script: klȅn; kljȅn, klȉjn, kȗn (dialectal)

Slovene: klèn; klán (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Czech: klen

Polabian: klen

Polish: klon

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: klón

Slovincian: klón

Old Slovak:

Pannonian Rusyn: клєн (kljen)

Slovak: klen

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: klon

Upper Sorbian: klon, klen

Unknown. Probably related to Lithuanian klẽvas m (“maple”), Latvian kļava f (“maple”), Latgalian kļovs m (“maple”).
Trubačev tentatively presumes origin from Proto-Indo-European *kel- (“to jolt, to push”).


golěnь

gȍlěnь (canonical feminine)
c (accent-paradigm)
gȍlěnь (nominative singular)
gȍlěni (dual nominative)
gȍlěni (nominative plural)
golění (genitive singular)
golěnьjù (dual genitive)
golěnь̀jь (genitive plural)
gȍlěni (dative singular)
golěnьmà (dative dual)
gȍlěnьmъ (dative plural)
gȍlěnь (accusative singular)
gȍlěni (accusative dual)
gȍlěni (accusative plural)
golěnьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
golěnьmà (dual instrumental)
golěnьmì (instrumental plural)
golění (locative singular)
golěnьjù (dual locative)
gȍlěnьxъ (locative plural)
golěni (singular vocative)
gȍlěni (dual vocative)
gȍlěni (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: голѣнь (golěnĭ), голень (golenĭ)

Belarusian: голень (hóljenʹ)

Russian: го́лень (gólenʹ); (dialectal) го́лянь (góljanʹ), голе́нь (golénʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: голѣнь (golěnĭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: го̏лије̄н

Latin script: gȍlijēn

Slovene: golẹ̑n (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: holeň

Polish: goleń (“shin, calf”)

Slovak: holeň

Slovincian: gôleń

Normally associated to *golъ (“bare, naked”) + *-ěnь, from Proto-Indo-European *gelH- (“bare, naked”). If so, the original meaning would have been “bare bone”, per Brückner, perhaps in reference to the lack of muscles on the front of the shinbone.
An origin from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to project, to prod”) also possible, semantically analogous to Proto-Slavic *bedro (“thigh”) from Proto-Balto-Slavic *béstеi (“to prick, to stab”). Akin terms in that case would be Lithuanian gãlas (“end, extreme, tip”), Latvian gals (“tip, end”).
Berneker and Mladenov also suggest distant relation to Ancient Greek γύαλον (gúalon, “hollow structure, depression”), γυῖον (guîon, “limb”) possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to crook, to bend”). Rejected on phonetic ground by Trubachev (ESSJa).

cog

(by extension) shank, crus (lower part of the leg between the knee and the ankle)

(East Slavic) lower leafless part of tree crown (between the trunk and the true crown)


avorъ

àvorъ (canonical masculine)
a (accent-paradigm)
avorъ (nominative singular)
avora (dual nominative)
avori (nominative plural)
avora (genitive singular)
avoru (dual genitive)
avorъ (genitive plural)
avoru (dative singular)
avoroma (dative dual)
avoromъ (dative plural)
avorъ (accusative singular)
avora (accusative dual)
avory (accusative plural)
avorъmь (instrumental singular)
avoromь (instrumental singular)
avoroma (dual instrumental)
avorȳ (instrumental plural)
avorě (locative singular)
avoru (dual locative)
avorě̄xъ (locative plural)
avore (singular vocative)
avora (dual vocative)
avori (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old Ruthenian: ꙗ́воръ (jávor)
Belarusian: я́вар (jávar)
Carpathian Rusyn: я́вур (jávur)
Ukrainian: я́вір (jávir); явор (javor) (dialectal)

Russian: я́вор (jávor)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: *аворъ (*avorŭ)

Church Slavonic: аворъ (avorŭ), ꙗворъ (javorŭ)

Bulgarian: я́вор (jávor), а́вор (ávor)

Macedonian: јавор (javor)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ја̏вор; јахор (dialectal)

Latin script: jȁvor; jahor (dialectal)

Slovene: jávor (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: jawòr

Old Czech: javor

Czech: javor

Polabian: jovåră pl

Old Polish: jawor

Polish: jawor; jawór, jabór (dialectal)

→ Vilamovian: jāwer

Slovak: javor

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: jawor

Upper Sorbian: jawor

Non-Slavic:

→ Lithuanian: jõvaras

Rather unlikely from intermediary *āorъ, having been borrowed from Proto-West Germanic *ahurn (“maple”), particularly from a late form without intervocalic [h]. Otherwise, maybe from the same European substrate after the underlying language underwent a sound change from [k] to [v] or a sound shift of comparable consonants. The later borrowing into Proto-Slavic is more probable due to the retention of the exact synonym *klenъ. Compare Latin acer and Ancient Greek ἄκαστος (ákastos).
Adding to that, the maple (Acer) grew only in the western half and particularly the Norway maple (Acer platanoides) as its most widespread kind reached only the western border of the Yamna culture in case that both were even as far distributed from Europe up to there as nowadays. On the one hand, the frequency of the Norway maple is condensed into Europe, on the other hand, it is considered native as well to the eastern end of the Caucasus but this does not exclude it having been introduced as it might not have been recorded. If any maple overall only recently extended up to the Caspian-Pontic steppe and surrounding regions, back then it might not have even been adjacent to the Yamna culture at all. This makes a borrowing from a substrate into ancient or early medieval Indo-European languages substantially necessary. Non-cognate Ancient Greek σφένδᾰμνος (sphéndamnos, “maple”) and Old Armenian դղքի (dłkʻi, “maple”) may have a substrate etymology as well even though a possible internal formation was also considered for Ancient Greek.
If Germanic, Latin and Greek words are of native origin, they might derive from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”) which is supposed to refer to the shape of the leaves.


dolnь

dòlnь (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
dòlnь (nominative singular)
dòlni (dual nominative)
dòlni (nominative plural)
dòlnī (genitive singular)
dòlnьju (dual genitive)
dòlnьjь (genitive plural)
dòlni (dative singular)
dòlnьma (dative dual)
dòlnьmъ (dative plural)
dòlnь (accusative singular)
dòlni (accusative dual)
dòlni (accusative plural)
dòlnьjǫ (instrumental singular)
dòlnьma (dual instrumental)
dòlnьmī (instrumental plural)
dòlnī (locative singular)
dòlnьju (dual locative)
dòlnьxъ (locative plural)
dolni (singular vocative)
dòlni (dual vocative)
dòlni (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: долонь (dolonĭ)

Old Ruthenian: доло́нь (dolónʹ)

Belarusian: дало́нь (dalónʹ)

desc

Ukrainian: доло́ня (dolónja), доло́нь (dolónʹ)

Russian: ладо́нь (ladónʹ, metathesis); до́лонь (dólonʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⰴⰾⰰⱀⱐ (dlanĭ)

Old Cyrillic script: длань (dlanĭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дла̏н

Latin script: dlȁn

Slovene: dlȃn (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dlan
Czech: dlaň

desctree

Old Polish: dłoń
Polish: dłoń
Silesian: dłōń

Slovak: dlaň

Polabian: dlan

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: dłóń

Slovincian: dlóń

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: dłoń

Upper Sorbian: dłóń

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dalˀnāˀ or *delˀnāˀ. Cognate with Latvian dęl̃nа, Latgalian dalna, Lithuanian délna, délnas.
Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *delh₁- (“to split, to divide”) through the initial meaning carved, rasped surface. Doubted by Derksen.


oběťati

oběťanьje (noun-from-verb)
oběťati (infinitive)
oběťatъ (supine)
oběťalъ (l-participle)
oběťanъ (participle passive past)
oběťajemъ (participle passive present)
oběťavъ (active participle past)
oběťaję (active participle present)
oběťaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
oběťa (aorist second-person singular)
oběťa (aorist singular third-person)
oběťajǫ (first-person present singular)
oběťaješi (present second-person singular)
oběťajetь (present singular third-person)
oběťaxově (aorist dual first-person)
oběťasta (aorist dual second-person)
oběťaste (aorist dual third-person)
oběťajevě (dual first-person present)
oběťajeta (dual present second-person)
oběťajete (dual present third-person)
oběťaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
oběťaste (aorist plural second-person)
oběťašę (aorist plural third-person)
oběťajemъ (first-person plural present)
oběťajete (plural present second-person)
oběťajǫtь (plural present third-person)
oběťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
oběťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
oběťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
oběťaji (imperative second-person singular)
oběťaji (imperative singular third-person)
oběťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
oběťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
oběťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
oběťajivě (dual first-person imperative)
oběťajita (dual imperative second-person)
oběťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
oběťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
oběťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
oběťajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
oběťajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Middle Russian: обѣчати (oběčati, “to promise, to pledge”) (14th century) (see also the next two columns)

Russian: обеча́ть (obečátʹ, “to promise”) (Northern dialectal), обвеча́ть (obvečátʹ, “to promise, to bequeath”) (Northern dialectal), обвича́ть (obvičátʹ, “to promise”) (Arkhangelsk dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: обѣщати (oběštati, “to promise, to pledge”), 1sg. обѣщаѭ (oběštajǫ)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: обеща́я (obeštája, “to promise”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: обѐћати (“to promise”), 1sg. обѐћа̄м

Latin: obèćati (“to promise”), 1sg. obèćām

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: obẹ́čati (“to promise, to pledge”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. obẹ̑čam (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desc

Old Czech: oběcěti (“to promise, to pledge”)

Czech: oběcati (“to promise, to appoint”) (archaic), oběcet (dialectal)

Old Polish: obiecać

Polish: obiecać (“to promise”)

→ Belarusian: абяца́ць (abjacácʹ, “to promise”)

→ Ukrainian: обіця́ти (obicjáty, “to promise”)

Slovak: obecať (“to establish”)

Slovincian: wôbjêcac (“to promise”)


gǫsti

gǫdenьje (noun-from-verb)
gǫsti (infinitive)
gǫstъ (supine)
gǫdlъ (l-participle)
gǫdenъ (participle passive past)
gǫdomъ (participle passive present)
gǫdъ (active participle past)
gǫdy (active participle present)
gǫdъ (aorist first-person singular)
gǫdoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
gǫde (aorist second-person singular)
gǫde (aorist singular third-person)
gǫdǫ (first-person present singular)
gǫdeši (present second-person singular)
gǫdetь (present singular third-person)
gǫdově (aorist dual first-person)
gǫdoxově (aorist dual first-person)
gǫdeta (aorist dual second-person)
gǫdosta (aorist dual second-person)
gǫdete (aorist dual third-person)
gǫdoste (aorist dual third-person)
gǫdevě (dual first-person present)
gǫdeta (dual present second-person)
gǫdete (dual present third-person)
gǫdomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gǫdoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gǫdete (aorist plural second-person)
gǫdoste (aorist plural second-person)
gǫdǫ (aorist plural third-person)
gǫdošę (aorist plural third-person)
gǫdemъ (first-person plural present)
gǫdete (plural present second-person)
gǫdǫtь (plural present third-person)
gǫděaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gǫděaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gǫděaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gǫdi (imperative second-person singular)
gǫdi (imperative singular third-person)
gǫděaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gǫděašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gǫděašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gǫděvě (dual first-person imperative)
gǫděta (dual imperative second-person)
gǫděaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gǫděašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gǫděaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gǫděmъ (first-person imperative plural)
gǫděte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: густь (gustʹ) (dialectal), густи́ (gustí) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: густи́ (hustý) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: гѫсти (gǫsti)

Glagolitic: ⰳⱘⱄⱅⰹ (gǫsti)

Serbo-Croatian: gústi (archaic)

Slovene: gọ́sti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hústi

Czech: houst (archaic)

Old Polish: gąść

Slovak: húsť

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gaustei, from Proto-Indo-European *gowh₂-dʰh₁-y-óti, denominative form of *gewH- (“to call, invoke, cry”).


paxati

paxanьje (noun-from-verb)
paxati (infinitive)
paxatъ (supine)
paxalъ (l-participle)
paxanъ (participle passive past)
pašemъ (participle passive present)
paxavъ (active participle past)
pašę (active participle present)
paxaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
paxa (aorist second-person singular)
paxa (aorist singular third-person)
pašǫ (first-person present singular)
pašeši (present second-person singular)
pašetь (present singular third-person)
paxaxově (aorist dual first-person)
paxasta (aorist dual second-person)
paxaste (aorist dual third-person)
paševě (dual first-person present)
pašeta (dual present second-person)
pašete (dual present third-person)
paxaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
paxaste (aorist plural second-person)
paxašę (aorist plural third-person)
pašemъ (first-person plural present)
pašete (plural present second-person)
pašǫtь (plural present third-person)
paxaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
paxaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
paxaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
paši (imperative second-person singular)
paši (imperative singular third-person)
paxaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
paxaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
paxaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pašivě (dual first-person imperative)
pašita (dual imperative second-person)
paxaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
paxaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
paxaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pašimъ (first-person imperative plural)
pašite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: Archangelsk dialectal паха́ть (paxátʹ, “to sweep (the chimney)”), 1sg. пашу́ (pašú)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: пахати (paxati, “to wave, to agitate”)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: па́хам (páham, “to sweep, to clean”) (dialectal)

Macedonian: пае (pae, “to dry, to air”) (?)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: па̏хати (“to dust, to blow off”), 1sg. па̏ха̄м; па́хати (“to dust, to blow off; to stink”), 1sg. па̑ше̄м

Latin: pȁxati (“to dust, to blow off”), 1sg. pȁxām; páxati (“to dust, to blow off; to stink”), 1sg. pȃšēm

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: páhati (“to dust, to brush off”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. pȃham (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Sorbian:

desc

Upper Sorbian: pachać (“to emit smoke, to smoke”)

Lower Sorbian: pachaś (“to brush away”)

Unclear. Per Vasmer, probably onomatopoeic. Alternatively, related to Old Norse fǫnn (“snowdrift”) (< *fazn-), Old High German fesa (“chaff”) and perhaps Tocharian B pīsäl (“chaff”) via a tentative Proto-Indo-European root *pes- (“~ to blow”).


paxati

pāxàti (canonical)
b (accent-paradigm)
paxanьje (noun-from-verb)
paxati (infinitive)
paxatъ (supine)
paxalъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
paxanъ (participle passive past)
pašemъ (participle passive present)
paxavъ (active participle past)
pašę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
paxaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
paxa (aorist second-person singular)
paxa (aorist singular third-person)
pašǫ (first-person present singular)
pašeši (present second-person singular)
pašetь (present singular third-person)
paxaxově (aorist dual first-person)
paxasta (aorist dual second-person)
paxaste (aorist dual third-person)
paševě (dual first-person present)
pašeta (dual present second-person)
pašete (dual present third-person)
paxaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
paxaste (aorist plural second-person)
paxašę (aorist plural third-person)
pašemъ (first-person plural present)
pašete (plural present second-person)
pašǫtь (plural present third-person)
paxaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
paxaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
paxaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
paši (imperative second-person singular)
paši (imperative singular third-person)
paxaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
paxaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
paxaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pašivě (dual first-person imperative)
pašita (dual imperative second-person)
paxaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
paxaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
paxaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pašimъ (first-person imperative plural)
pašite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: пахати (paxati) (12th century)

Russian: паха́ть (paxátʹ, “to plow, to till”), 1sg. пашу́ (pašú), 3sg. па́шет (pášet)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: dialectal па́хам (páham, “to plow and sow”)

West Slavic:

Czech: páchat (“to do, to make, (dialectal) to herd cattle”)

Old Polish: pachać (“to dig, to cause harm”)

Slovak: páchať (“to accomplish, to perform”)

Unclear. Derksen suggests a vaguely possible relationship with *pasti (“to pasture”), but notes that the accentual properties of the root don't match. Chernykh suggests the same relationship. Vasmer conjectures a relationship with Latin pāla (“shovel, spade”), possibly < *pastlā, pastinum (“hoe for digging and loosening a vineyard”), and/or with Ossetian фадын (fadyn, “to split”), Old Armenian հատանեմ (hatanem, “to cut off, to cut into pieces”), հատու (hatu, “piercing, sharp”). Vasmer also notes that a relationship with *paxati (“to sweep”) is conceivable by taking into account the nature of the Russian plow, whose blade sweeps the soil aside.

cog

to plow? to perform? to herd cattle? to dig?


dъska

dъskà (canonical feminine)
c (accent-paradigm)
dъskà (nominative singular)
dъ̏scě (dual nominative)
dъ̏sky (nominative plural)
dъský (genitive singular)
dъskù (dual genitive)
dъ̀skъ (genitive plural)
dъscě̀ (dative singular)
dъskàma (dative dual)
dъskàmъ (dative plural)
dъ̏skǫ (accusative singular)
dъ̏scě (accusative dual)
dъ̏sky (accusative plural)
dъskojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
dъskàma (dual instrumental)
dъskàmi (instrumental plural)
dъ̏scě (locative singular)
dъskù (dual locative)
dъskàsъ (locative plural)
dъskàxъ (locative plural)
dъsko (singular vocative)
dъ̏scě (dual vocative)
dъ̏sky (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: дъска (dŭska), дьска (dĭska)

Middle Russian: доска (doska), дска (dska), цка (cka)

desctree

Russian: доска́ (doská); цка́ (cká) (dialectal)
→ Ingrian: doska
→ Yakut: дуоска (duoska)
→ Yup'ik: tuskaq

Old Ruthenian: доска (doska)

desc

Old Novgorodian: дъска (dŭska), дска (dska)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⰴⱏⱄⰽⰰ (dŭska)

Old Cyrillic script: дъска (dŭska)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: даска, деска

Latin script: daska, deska

Slovene: deska

West Slavic:

Czech: deska

Polish: deska

Slovak: doska

Borrowed from Proto-West Germanic *disk, from Latin discus, from Ancient Greek δίσκος (dískos). *ъ is enigmatic.


nyřati

nyřanьje (noun-from-verb)
nyřati (infinitive)
nyřatъ (supine)
nyřalъ (l-participle)
nyřanъ (participle passive past)
nyřajemъ (participle passive present)
nyřavъ (active participle past)
nyřaję (active participle present)
nyřaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
nyřa (aorist second-person singular)
nyřa (aorist singular third-person)
nyřajǫ (first-person present singular)
nyřaješi (present second-person singular)
nyřajetь (present singular third-person)
nyřaxově (aorist dual first-person)
nyřasta (aorist dual second-person)
nyřaste (aorist dual third-person)
nyřajevě (dual first-person present)
nyřajeta (dual present second-person)
nyřajete (dual present third-person)
nyřaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
nyřaste (aorist plural second-person)
nyřašę (aorist plural third-person)
nyřajemъ (first-person plural present)
nyřajete (plural present second-person)
nyřajǫtь (plural present third-person)
nyřaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
nyřaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
nyřaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
nyřaji (imperative second-person singular)
nyřaji (imperative singular third-person)
nyřaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
nyřaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
nyřaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
nyřajivě (dual first-person imperative)
nyřajita (dual imperative second-person)
nyřaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
nyřaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
nyřaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
nyřajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
nyřajite (imperative plural second-person)
nyranьje (noun-from-verb)
nyrati (infinitive)
nyratъ (supine)
nyralъ (l-participle)
nyranъ (participle passive past)
nyřemъ (participle passive present)
nyravъ (active participle past)
nyřę (active participle present)
nyraxъ (aorist first-person singular)
nyra (aorist second-person singular)
nyra (aorist singular third-person)
nyřǫ (first-person present singular)
nyřeši (present second-person singular)
nyřetь (present singular third-person)
nyraxově (aorist dual first-person)
nyrasta (aorist dual second-person)
nyraste (aorist dual third-person)
nyřevě (dual first-person present)
nyřeta (dual present second-person)
nyřete (dual present third-person)
nyraxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
nyraste (aorist plural second-person)
nyrašę (aorist plural third-person)
nyřemъ (first-person plural present)
nyřete (plural present second-person)
nyřǫtь (plural present third-person)
nyraaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
nyraaše (imperfect second-person singular)
nyraaše (imperfect singular third-person)
nyři (imperative second-person singular)
nyři (imperative singular third-person)
nyraaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
nyraašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
nyraašete (dual imperfect third-person)
nyřivě (dual first-person imperative)
nyřita (dual imperative second-person)
nyraaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
nyraašete (imperfect plural second-person)
nyraaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
nyřimъ (first-person imperative plural)
nyřite (imperative plural second-person)
nyranьje (noun-from-verb)
nyrati (infinitive)
nyratъ (supine)
nyralъ (l-participle)
nyranъ (participle passive past)
nyrajemъ (participle passive present)
nyravъ (active participle past)
nyraję (active participle present)
nyraxъ (aorist first-person singular)
nyra (aorist second-person singular)
nyra (aorist singular third-person)
nyrajǫ (first-person present singular)
nyraješi (present second-person singular)
nyrajetь (present singular third-person)
nyraxově (aorist dual first-person)
nyrasta (aorist dual second-person)
nyraste (aorist dual third-person)
nyrajevě (dual first-person present)
nyrajeta (dual present second-person)
nyrajete (dual present third-person)
nyraxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
nyraste (aorist plural second-person)
nyrašę (aorist plural third-person)
nyrajemъ (first-person plural present)
nyrajete (plural present second-person)
nyrajǫtь (plural present third-person)
nyraaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
nyraaše (imperfect second-person singular)
nyraaše (imperfect singular third-person)
nyraji (imperative second-person singular)
nyraji (imperative singular third-person)
nyraaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
nyraašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
nyraašete (dual imperfect third-person)
nyrajivě (dual first-person imperative)
nyrajita (dual imperative second-person)
nyraaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
nyraašete (imperfect plural second-person)
nyraaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
nyrajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
nyrajite (imperative plural second-person)

Church Slavonic: нꙑрати (nyrati, “to immerse oneself”), 1sg. нꙑрѭ (nyrjǫ), нꙑраѭ (nyrajǫ); нꙑрꙗти (nyrjati, “to immerse oneself”), 1sg. нꙑрꙗѭ (nyrjajǫ)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ныра́ць (nyrácʹ)

Middle Russian: нырꙗти (nyrjati) (14th century)

Russian: ныря́ть (nyrjátʹ, “to dive”), 1sg. ныря́ю (nyrjáju)

Ukrainian: ниря́ти (nyrjáty, “to dive”)

Baltic cognates include Lithuanian nérti (“to dive”), also nãras (“hole, lair”), narà (“hole, lair”) (both dialectal).


mьstiti

mьsťenьje (noun-from-verb)
mьstiti (infinitive)
mьstitъ (supine)
mьstilъ (l-participle)
mьsťenъ (participle passive past)
mьstimъ (participle passive present)
mьsťь (active participle past)
mьstę (active participle present)
mьstixъ (aorist first-person singular)
mьsti (aorist second-person singular)
mьsti (aorist singular third-person)
mьsťǫ (first-person present singular)
mьstiši (present second-person singular)
mьstitь (present singular third-person)
mьstixově (aorist dual first-person)
mьstista (aorist dual second-person)
mьstiste (aorist dual third-person)
mьstivě (dual first-person present)
mьstita (dual present second-person)
mьstite (dual present third-person)
mьstixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mьstiste (aorist plural second-person)
mьstišę (aorist plural third-person)
mьstimъ (first-person plural present)
mьstite (plural present second-person)
mьstętь (plural present third-person)
mьsťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mьsťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mьsťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
mьsti (imperative second-person singular)
mьsti (imperative singular third-person)
mьsťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mьsťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mьsťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mьstivě (dual first-person imperative)
mьstita (dual imperative second-person)
mьsťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mьsťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mьsťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mьstimъ (first-person imperative plural)
mьstite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мьстити (mĭstiti)

Belarusian: мсціць (mscicʹ) (dialectal)

Russian: мстить (mstitʹ)

Ukrainian: мсти́ти (mstýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мьстити (mĭstiti)

Glagolitic: ⰿⱐⱄⱅⰻⱎⰻ (mĭstiši)

Bulgarian: мъстя́ (mǎstjá)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мастити (archaic?)

Latin: mastiti (archaic?)

Slovene: məstīti (tonal orthography) (obsolete)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mstiti

Czech: mstít

Kashubian: mscëc

Old Polish: mścić

Polish: mścić

Slovak: mstiť (archaic)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: msćiś (archaic)

From *mьstь (“revenge, vengeance”) + *-iti.


mъrgati

mъrganьje (noun-from-verb)
mъrgati (infinitive)
mъrgatъ (supine)
mъrgalъ (l-participle)
mъrganъ (participle passive past)
mъrgajemъ (participle passive present)
mъrgavъ (active participle past)
mъrgaję (active participle present)
mъrgaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
mъrga (aorist second-person singular)
mъrga (aorist singular third-person)
mъrgajǫ (first-person present singular)
mъrgaješi (present second-person singular)
mъrgajetь (present singular third-person)
mъrgaxově (aorist dual first-person)
mъrgasta (aorist dual second-person)
mъrgaste (aorist dual third-person)
mъrgajevě (dual first-person present)
mъrgajeta (dual present second-person)
mъrgajete (dual present third-person)
mъrgaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mъrgaste (aorist plural second-person)
mъrgašę (aorist plural third-person)
mъrgajemъ (first-person plural present)
mъrgajete (plural present second-person)
mъrgajǫtь (plural present third-person)
mъrgaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mъrgaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mъrgaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
mъrgaji (imperative second-person singular)
mъrgaji (imperative singular third-person)
mъrgaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mъrgaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mъrgaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mъrgajivě (dual first-person imperative)
mъrgajita (dual imperative second-person)
mъrgaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mъrgaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mъrgaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mъrgajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
mъrgajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: марга́ць (marhácʹ), мірга́ць (mirhácʹ)

Russian: морга́ть (morgátʹ)

Ukrainian: морга́ти (morháty)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mrhati

Czech: mrhat, mrgať (dialectal), ⇒ mrholit

Polish: margać, mrugać

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: mërgac

Slovincian: mërgac

Silesian: mrugać

Slovak: mrhať

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *murˀg-, *mirˀg-, from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥gʷ- or *mr̥Hgʷ-, from the root *mergʷ- or *merHgʷ-. Cognate with Lithuanian mirgė́ti (“to twinkle”) (3sg. mìrga), Latvian mir̂dzêt (“to twinkle”), Old Norse myrkr (“dark”) (acc. myrkvan).

Rick Derksen
cs:Český etymologický slovník


mьrznǫti

mьrzenьje (noun-from-verb)
mьrznǫti (infinitive)
mьrznǫtъ (supine)
mьrzlъ (l-participle)
mьrzъ (active participle past)
mьrzny (active participle present)
mьrzъ (aorist first-person singular)
mьrzoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
mьrze (aorist second-person singular)
mьrze (aorist singular third-person)
mьrznǫ (first-person present singular)
mьrzneši (present second-person singular)
mьrznetь (present singular third-person)
mьrzově (aorist dual first-person)
mьrzoxově (aorist dual first-person)
mьrzeta (aorist dual second-person)
mьrzosta (aorist dual second-person)
mьrzete (aorist dual third-person)
mьrzoste (aorist dual third-person)
mьrznevě (dual first-person present)
mьrzneta (dual present second-person)
mьrznete (dual present third-person)
mьrzomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mьrzoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mьrzete (aorist plural second-person)
mьrzoste (aorist plural second-person)
mьrzǫ (aorist plural third-person)
mьrzošę (aorist plural third-person)
mьrznemъ (first-person plural present)
mьrznete (plural present second-person)
mьrznǫtь (plural present third-person)
mьrzněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mьrzněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mьrzněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
mьrzni (imperative second-person singular)
mьrzni (imperative singular third-person)
mьrzněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mьrzněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mьrzněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mьrzněvě (dual first-person imperative)
mьrzněta (dual imperative second-person)
mьrzněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mьrzněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mьrzněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mьrzněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
mьrzněte (imperative plural second-person)

Church Slavonic: мръзнѫти (mrŭznǫti)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мьрзнꙋти (mĭrznuti)

Belarusian: ме́рзнуць (mjérznucʹ)

Russian: мёрзнуть (mjórznutʹ)

Ukrainian: ме́рзнути (mérznuty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: помръзнѫти (pomrŭznǫti)

Glagolitic: ⱂⱁⰿⱃⱏⰸⱀⱘⱅⰻ (pomrŭznǫti)

Bulgarian: мръзна (mrǎzna)

Macedonian: мрзне (mrzne)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мр̏знути

Latin script: mȑznuti

Slovene: mŕzniti (tonal orthography) (obsolete)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mrznúti

Czech: mrznout

Kashubian: miarznąc

Polabian: marznĕ

Polish: marznąć, mierznąć (archaic)

Slovak: mrznúť

Slovincian: mjêrznõc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: mjerznyć

Lower Sorbian: marznuś

Per Derksen, from *mьrzě̀ti (“to freeze? to be repulsive? to irritate?”) + *-nǫti. Cognate with Albanian mardhem (“to tremble with cold”), mardhë (“frost”), which Derksen tentatively reconstructs as coming from Proto-Indo-European *merǵ-. Chernykh adds Middle High German murc (“rotten, flabby”), Old Norse morkinn (“rotten”), Old Irish meirc (“rusty”).


mьrknǫti

mь̀rknǫti (canonical imperfective perfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
mьrčenьje (noun-from-verb)
mьrknǫti (infinitive)
mьrknǫtъ (supine)
mьrklъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
mьrčenъ (participle passive past)
mьrknomъ (participle passive present)
mьrkъ (active participle past)
mьrkny (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
mьrkъ (aorist first-person singular)
mьrkoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
mьrče (aorist second-person singular)
mьrče (aorist singular third-person)
mьrknǫ (first-person present singular)
mьrkneši (present second-person singular)
mьrknetь (present singular third-person)
mьrkově (aorist dual first-person)
mьrkoxově (aorist dual first-person)
mьrketa (aorist dual second-person)
mьrkosta (aorist dual second-person)
mьrkete (aorist dual third-person)
mьrkoste (aorist dual third-person)
mьrknevě (dual first-person present)
mьrkneta (dual present second-person)
mьrknete (dual present third-person)
mьrkomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mьrkoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mьrkete (aorist plural second-person)
mьrkoste (aorist plural second-person)
mьrkǫ (aorist plural third-person)
mьrkošę (aorist plural third-person)
mьrknemъ (first-person plural present)
mьrknete (plural present second-person)
mьrknǫtь (plural present third-person)
mьrkněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mьrkněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mьrkněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
mьrkni (imperative second-person singular)
mьrkni (imperative singular third-person)
mьrkněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mьrkněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mьrkněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mьrkněvě (dual first-person imperative)
mьrkněta (dual imperative second-person)
mьrkněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mьrkněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mьrkněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mьrkněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
mьrkněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мьркнꙋти (mĭrknuti)

desc

прыме́ркнуць

⇒ Belarusian: прыме́ркнуць (prymjérknucʹ)

Russian: ме́ркнуть (mérknutʹ)

Ukrainian: ме́ркнути (mérknuty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: мрькнѫти (mrĭknǫti), мръкнѫти (mrŭknǫti)

Bulgarian: мръ́кна (mrǎ́kna)

Macedonian: мркне (mrkne)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мр̏кнути

Latin script: mȑknuti

Slovene: mŕkniti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mrknúti

Czech: mrknout

Polish: mierzchnąć

Slovak: mrknuť

Slovincian: mjêrzknõc

Ukrainian: ме́ркти (mérkty)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мр̏ћи

Latin script: mȑći

Per Derksen, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *mirˀk-, from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥Hk-, from the root *merHk-. Cognate with Lithuanian mirksė́ti (“to blink”), mérkti (“to close one's eyes”) (1sg. mérkiu, 1sg. past mérkiau), Latvian mir̂kšķêt, mir̂kšêt (“to blink”), mir̃kšķinât (“to blink, to make a sign”), Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐌹𐌽𐍃 (maurgins, “morning”). Vasmer adds Sanskrit मर्क (marká-, “solar eclipse”) as a possible, if uncertain, cognate. Chernykh adds as a cognate Old Irish mrecht (“multicolored, motley, spotted”) as well as Old Norse murta (“small trout”) < *mr̥Hk-t-, due to its spotted coloring and the exact correspondence with the previously mentioned Old Irish word.


govorъ

gȍvorъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
gȍvorъ (nominative singular)
gȍvora (dual nominative)
gȍvori (nominative plural)
gȍvora (genitive singular)
govorù (dual genitive)
govòrъ (genitive plural)
gȍvoru (dative singular)
govoromà (dative dual)
govoròmъ (dative plural)
gȍvorъ (accusative singular)
gȍvora (accusative dual)
gȍvory (accusative plural)
gȍvorъmь (instrumental singular)
gȍvoromь (instrumental singular)
govoromà (dual instrumental)
govorý (instrumental plural)
gȍvorě (locative singular)
govorù (dual locative)
govorě̃xъ (locative plural)
govore (singular vocative)
gȍvora (dual vocative)
gȍvori (plural vocative)
c (accent-paradigm)
gȍvorъ (nominative singular)
gȍvory (dual nominative)
gȍvorove (nominative plural)
gȍvoru (genitive singular)
govorovù (dual genitive)
govoròvъ (genitive plural)
gȍvorovi (dative singular)
govorъmà (dative dual)
gȍvorъmъ (dative plural)
gȍvorъ (accusative singular)
gȍvory (accusative dual)
gȍvory (accusative plural)
gȍvorъmь (instrumental singular)
govorъmà (dual instrumental)
govorъmì (instrumental plural)
govorú (locative singular)
govorovù (dual locative)
gȍvorъxъ (locative plural)
govoru (singular vocative)
gȍvory (dual vocative)
gȍvorove (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: говоръ (govorŭ)

Belarusian: го́вар (hóvar) (dialectal)

⇒ Belarusian: гаво́рка (havórka) (standard)

Russian: го́вор (góvor); гово́ра f (govóra) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: го́вір (hóvir) (u-stem); гово́р (hovór) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: говоръ (govorŭ, “prattle, grumble”)

Bulgarian: го́вор (góvor)

Macedonian: говор (govor)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: го̏во̄р

Latin script: gȍvōr

Slovene: gôvor (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hovor

Czech: hovor

Kashubian: gòwôr

Slovak: hovor

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gawaras, from Proto-Indo-European *gowH-oro-s, from *g⁽ʷ⁾ewH- (“to call, name”). Cognate with Latvian gaura (“chatter”). Cognate with Sanskrit जोगुवे (jóguve, “to call, to invoke”), Ancient Greek γόος (góos, “wailing, weeping”).

cog

(by extension) vernacular (style of talking)


mъčati

mъčanьje (noun-from-verb)
mъčati (infinitive)
mъčatъ (supine)
mъčalъ (l-participle)
mъčanъ (participle passive past)
mъčimъ (participle passive present)
mъčavъ (active participle past)
mъčę (active participle present)
mъčaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
mъča (aorist second-person singular)
mъča (aorist singular third-person)
mъčǫ (first-person present singular)
mъčiši (present second-person singular)
mъčitь (present singular third-person)
mъčaxově (aorist dual first-person)
mъčasta (aorist dual second-person)
mъčaste (aorist dual third-person)
mъčivě (dual first-person present)
mъčita (dual present second-person)
mъčite (dual present third-person)
mъčaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mъčaste (aorist plural second-person)
mъčašę (aorist plural third-person)
mъčimъ (first-person plural present)
mъčite (plural present second-person)
mъčętь (plural present third-person)
mъčaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mъčaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mъčaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
mъči (imperative second-person singular)
mъči (imperative singular third-person)
mъčaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mъčaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mъčaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mъčivě (dual first-person imperative)
mъčita (dual imperative second-person)
mъčaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mъčaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mъčaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mъčimъ (first-person imperative plural)
mъčite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *мъчати (*mŭčati)

⇒ Belarusian: імча́ць (imčácʹ)

Russian: мчать (mčatʹ)

Ukrainian: мча́ти (mčáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мьчими (mĭčimi, nom. pl. pres. pass. part.)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: (до̀мчати)

Latin: (dòmčati)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mčieti

Czech: mčet (archaic or dialectal)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *muk-, from Proto-Indo-European *mukyéti, from the root *(s)mewk-. Cognate with Lithuanian mùkti (“to flit, to come off, to stick”) (1sg. munkù), Latvian mukt (“to flee, to come off”), Lithuanian maũkti (“to tighten, to sip (wine)”) (1sg. maukiù), Sanskrit मुच्यते (múcyate, “to be released”), मुञ्चति (muñcáti, “to liberate, to save”), Ancient Greek ἀπο-μύσσω (apo-mússō, “to snort, to cheat”), possibly Latin ē-mungō (“to blow one's nose, to cheat”) (infinitive ēmungere).


niknǫti

ničenьje (noun-from-verb)
niknǫti (infinitive)
niknǫtъ (supine)
niklъ (l-participle)
ničenъ (participle passive past)
niknomъ (participle passive present)
nikъ (active participle past)
nikny (active participle present)
nikъ (aorist first-person singular)
nikoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
niče (aorist second-person singular)
niče (aorist singular third-person)
niknǫ (first-person present singular)
nikneši (present second-person singular)
niknetь (present singular third-person)
nikově (aorist dual first-person)
nikoxově (aorist dual first-person)
niketa (aorist dual second-person)
nikosta (aorist dual second-person)
nikete (aorist dual third-person)
nikoste (aorist dual third-person)
niknevě (dual first-person present)
nikneta (dual present second-person)
niknete (dual present third-person)
nikomъ (aorist first-person plural)
nikoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
nikete (aorist plural second-person)
nikoste (aorist plural second-person)
nikǫ (aorist plural third-person)
nikošę (aorist plural third-person)
niknemъ (first-person plural present)
niknete (plural present second-person)
niknǫtь (plural present third-person)
nikněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
nikněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
nikněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
nikni (imperative second-person singular)
nikni (imperative singular third-person)
nikněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
nikněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
nikněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
nikněvě (dual first-person imperative)
nikněta (dual imperative second-person)
nikněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
nikněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
nikněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
nikněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
nikněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: никнꙋти (niknuti, “to appear, to arise”)

Belarusian: ні́кнуць (níknucʹ, “to droop, to wilt, (dialectal) to disappear”)

Russian: ни́кнуть (níknutʹ, “to droop”)

Ukrainian: ни́кнути (nýknuty, “to droop, to wilt, (dialectal) to disappear”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: никнѫти (niknǫti, “to appear, to arise”)

Bulgarian: ни́кна (níkna, “to germinate, to sprout”)

Macedonian: никне (nikne, “to grow, to come”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ни̏кнути (“to appear, to arise”), 1sg. ни̏кне̄м

Latin: nȉknuti (“to appear, to arise”), 1sg. nȉknēm

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: níkniti (“to germinate, to sprout, to disappear”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. nȋknem (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

i

Czech: niknout (“to germinate, to sprout, to bow, to disappear”) (archaic? found now mostly in compounds)

⇒ Czech: vzniknout

desc

Old Polish: niknąć (“to pass, to disappear”)

Polish: niknąć (“to disappear, to be lost”)

Slovincian: njyknõc (“to disappear, to vanish”)

Per Derksen, from the root of *nicь (“lying face downwards”), from Proto-Indo-European *ni-h₃kʷo- with the Slavic progressive palatalization, from the root *ni-. Cognate with Sanskrit नि (ni, “downwards”), नीचा (nīcā́, “downwards”).
Per Vasmer, there are two etymologically separate verbs here, one with the approximate meaning "to droop, to wilt" and coming from the root of *nicь as above, and another with the approximate meaning "to arise, to penetrate" from a different root:
* The former is cognate with Lithuanian nỹkti (“to disappear, perish”) and Latin nikt (“to suffer; to wear out”).
* The latter is cognate with Lithuanian nìkti (“to glow”) (1sg. ninkù, 1sg. past nikaũ), įnìkti į̃ dárbą (“to plunge headlong into work”), apnìkti (“to attack”), etc., as well as Old Prussian neikaut (“to walk, to wander”), Latvian niktiês (“to impose oneself”), nikns (“fierce, wicked”), nàiks (“fierce, wicked, angry, quick”), and Ancient Greek νεῖκος (neîkos, “quarrel, dispute”), νεικέω (neikéō, “to quarrel, to attack”), νῑ́κη (nī́kē, “victory”), νῑκάω (nīkáō, “to win”).

cog

Oleg Trubachyov
Rick Derksen
Slavic progressive palatalization
ru:Черных, Павел Яковлевич


mъlviti

a (accent-paradigm)
mъlvľenьje (noun-from-verb)
mъlviti (infinitive)
mъlvitъ (supine)
mъlvilъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
mъlvľenъ (participle passive past)
mъlvimъ (participle passive present)
mъlvľь (active participle past)
mъlvę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
mъlvixъ (aorist first-person singular)
mъlvi (aorist second-person singular)
mъlvi (aorist singular third-person)
mъlvľǫ (first-person present singular)
mъlviši (present second-person singular)
mъlvitь (present singular third-person)
mъlvixově (aorist dual first-person)
mъlvista (aorist dual second-person)
mъlviste (aorist dual third-person)
mъlvivě (dual first-person present)
mъlvita (dual present second-person)
mъlvite (dual present third-person)
mъlvixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mъlviste (aorist plural second-person)
mъlvišę (aorist plural third-person)
mъlvimъ (first-person plural present)
mъlvite (plural present second-person)
mъlvętь (plural present third-person)
mъlvľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mъlvľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mъlvľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
mъlvi (imperative second-person singular)
mъlvi (imperative singular third-person)
mъlvľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mъlvľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mъlvľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mъlvivě (dual first-person imperative)
mъlvita (dual imperative second-person)
mъlvľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mъlvľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mъlvľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mъlvimъ (first-person imperative plural)
mъlvite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мълвити (mŭlviti)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: мовити (moviti)
Belarusian: мо́віць (móvicʹ), мо́виць (móvicʹ), мо́вицьца (móvicʹca)
Carpathian Rusyn: мо́вити (móvyty)
Ukrainian: мо́вити (móvyty)

Russian: мо́лвить (mólvitʹ) (archaic, poetic or dialectal)

desc

Old Novgorodian: мълвити (mŭlviti), молвити (molviti)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: млъвити (mlŭviti)

Glagolitic: ⰿⰾⱏⰲⰻⱅⰻ (mlŭviti)

Bulgarian: мълвя́ (mǎlvjá)

Slovene: mółviti (tonal orthography) (obsolete)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mluviti

Czech: mluvit

Kashubian:

desctree

Old Polish: mówić
Polish: mówić
Silesian: mōwić

Slovak: mluviť (Kálal's dictionary)

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: mówic

Slovincian: môwjic

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: mołwić, mołwjeć

Lower Sorbian: mołwiś

From *mъ̀lva + *-iti; or continues Proto-Balto-Slavic *múlˀwīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *ml̥wH-éye-ti, from *mlewH-. Cognate with Sanskrit ब्रवीति (brávīti, “to say”), Avestan 𐬨𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬙𐬌 (mraoⁱti, “to say”). Per Chernykh, some linguists link the root to Ancient Greek μέλος (mélos, “song, melody”).


mǫtiti

mǭtìti (canonical)
mǫťenьje (noun-from-verb)
mǫtiti (infinitive)
mǫtitъ (supine)
mǫtilъ (l-participle)
mǫťenъ (participle passive past)
mǫtimъ (participle passive present)
mǫťь (active participle past)
mǫtę (active participle present)
mǫtixъ (aorist first-person singular)
mǫti (aorist second-person singular)
mǫti (aorist singular third-person)
mǫťǫ (first-person present singular)
mǫtiši (present second-person singular)
mǫtitь (present singular third-person)
mǫtixově (aorist dual first-person)
mǫtista (aorist dual second-person)
mǫtiste (aorist dual third-person)
mǫtivě (dual first-person present)
mǫtita (dual present second-person)
mǫtite (dual present third-person)
mǫtixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mǫtiste (aorist plural second-person)
mǫtišę (aorist plural third-person)
mǫtimъ (first-person plural present)
mǫtite (plural present second-person)
mǫtętь (plural present third-person)
mǫťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mǫťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mǫťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
mǫti (imperative second-person singular)
mǫti (imperative singular third-person)
mǫťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mǫťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mǫťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mǫtivě (dual first-person imperative)
mǫtita (dual imperative second-person)
mǫťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mǫťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mǫťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mǫtimъ (first-person imperative plural)
mǫtite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мꙋтити (mutiti)

Belarusian: муци́ць (mucícʹ)

Russian: мути́ть (mutítʹ)

Ukrainian: мути́ти (mutýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мѫтити (mǫtiti)

Glagolitic: ⰿⱘⱅⰻⱅⰻ (mǫtiti)

desc

Bulgarian: мъ́тя (mǎ́tja), мъ́нтя (mǎ́ntja) (dialectal)

Macedonian: мати (mati)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: му́тити

Latin script: mútiti

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: motīti, mọ́titi (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mútiti

Czech: moutit, mútit, mutit (obsolete or dialectal), mútiť (dialectal)

Old Polish: mącić, męcić

Polish: mącić

Slovak: mútiť

Slovincian: mãcëc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: mućić

Lower Sorbian: muśiś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *mántīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *month₂-éye-ti (given as *montH-éye-ti in Derksen). See *męstì for further etymology.


moltiti

mōltìti (canonical)
b (accent-paradigm)
molťenьje (noun-from-verb)
moltiti (infinitive)
moltitъ (supine)
moltilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
molťenъ (participle passive past)
moltimъ (participle passive present)
molťь (active participle past)
moltę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
moltixъ (aorist first-person singular)
molti (aorist second-person singular)
molti (aorist singular third-person)
molťǫ (first-person present singular)
moltiši (present second-person singular)
moltitь (present singular third-person)
moltixově (aorist dual first-person)
moltista (aorist dual second-person)
moltiste (aorist dual third-person)
moltivě (dual first-person present)
moltita (dual present second-person)
moltite (dual present third-person)
moltixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
moltiste (aorist plural second-person)
moltišę (aorist plural third-person)
moltimъ (first-person plural present)
moltite (plural present second-person)
moltętь (plural present third-person)
molťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
molťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
molťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
molti (imperative second-person singular)
molti (imperative singular third-person)
molťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
molťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
molťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
moltivě (dual first-person imperative)
moltita (dual imperative second-person)
molťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
molťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
molťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
moltimъ (first-person imperative plural)
moltite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: молотити (molotiti)

Belarusian: малаці́ць (malacícʹ)

Russian: молоти́ть (molotítʹ)

Ukrainian: молоти́ти (molotýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: млатити (mlatiti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: мла́тя (mlátja)

Macedonian: млати (mlati)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мла́тити

Latin script: mlátiti

Slovene: mlatīti, mlátiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mlátiti

Czech: mlátit

Old Polish: młócić

Polish: młócić

Slovak: mlátiť

Slovincian: mlôcëc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: młócić

Lower Sorbian: młośiś

mělъ

finely ground substance, chalk, sandbank


minovati

minovanьje (noun-from-verb)
minovati (infinitive)
minovatъ (supine)
minovalъ (l-participle)
minovanъ (participle passive past)
minujemъ (participle passive present)
minovavъ (active participle past)
minuję (active participle present)
minovaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
minova (aorist second-person singular)
minova (aorist singular third-person)
minujǫ (first-person present singular)
minuješi (present second-person singular)
minujetь (present singular third-person)
minovaxově (aorist dual first-person)
minovasta (aorist dual second-person)
minovaste (aorist dual third-person)
minujevě (dual first-person present)
minujeta (dual present second-person)
minujete (dual present third-person)
minovaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
minovaste (aorist plural second-person)
minovašę (aorist plural third-person)
minujemъ (first-person plural present)
minujete (plural present second-person)
minujǫtь (plural present third-person)
minovaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
minovaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
minovaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
minuji (imperative second-person singular)
minuji (imperative singular third-person)
minovaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
minovaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
minovaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
minujivě (dual first-person imperative)
minujita (dual imperative second-person)
minovaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
minovaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
minovaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
minujimъ (first-person imperative plural)
minujite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: миновати (minovati)

Belarusian: миновати (minóvati) (obsolete)

Russian: минова́ть (minovátʹ)

Ukrainian: минува́ти (mynuváty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: миновати (minovati)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: мина́вам (minávam)

Macedonian: минува (minuva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мино̀вати

Latin script: minòvati

Slovene: minováti (tonal orthography) (obsolete)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: minovati

Czech: minovat

Old Polish: minować

Polish: minować


maniti

maňenьje (noun-from-verb)
maniti (infinitive)
manitъ (supine)
manilъ (l-participle)
maňenъ (participle passive past)
manimъ (participle passive present)
maňь (active participle past)
manę (active participle present)
manixъ (aorist first-person singular)
mani (aorist second-person singular)
mani (aorist singular third-person)
maňǫ (first-person present singular)
maniši (present second-person singular)
manitь (present singular third-person)
manixově (aorist dual first-person)
manista (aorist dual second-person)
maniste (aorist dual third-person)
manivě (dual first-person present)
manita (dual present second-person)
manite (dual present third-person)
manixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
maniste (aorist plural second-person)
manišę (aorist plural third-person)
manimъ (first-person plural present)
manite (plural present second-person)
manętь (plural present third-person)
maňaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
maňaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
maňaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
mani (imperative second-person singular)
mani (imperative singular third-person)
maňaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
maňaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
maňaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
manivě (dual first-person imperative)
manita (dual imperative second-person)
maňaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
maňaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
maňaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
manimъ (first-person imperative plural)
manite (imperative plural second-person)

Alternative form of *mamiti (“to deceive”)


minǫti

c (accent-paradigm)
minovenьje (noun-from-verb)
minǫti (infinitive)
minǫtъ (supine)
minǫlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
minovenъ (participle passive past)
minǫvъ (active participle past)
c (accent-paradigm)
minǫxъ (aorist first-person singular)
minǫ (aorist second-person singular)
minǫ (aorist singular third-person)
minǫ (first-person present singular)
mineši (present second-person singular)
minetь (present singular third-person)
minǫxově (aorist dual first-person)
minǫsta (aorist dual second-person)
minǫste (aorist dual third-person)
minevě (dual first-person present)
mineta (dual present second-person)
minete (dual present third-person)
minǫxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
minǫste (aorist plural second-person)
minǫšę (aorist plural third-person)
minemъ (first-person plural present)
minete (plural present second-person)
minǫtь (plural present third-person)
mini (imperative second-person singular)
mini (imperative singular third-person)
miněvě (dual first-person imperative)
miněta (dual imperative second-person)
miněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
miněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: минꙋти (minuti)

Belarusian: міну́ць (minúcʹ)

Russian: мину́ть (minútʹ)

Ukrainian: мину́ти (mynúty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: минѫти (minǫti)

Glagolitic script: [Term?]

Bulgarian: ми́на (mína)

Macedonian: мине (mine)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ми́нути

Latin script: mínuti

Slovene: minīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: minúti

Czech: minout

Old Polish: minąć

Polish: minąć

Slovak: minúť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: minyć

Lower Sorbian: minuś

From the root of *mijati (“to pass”) + *-nǫti, from Proto-Indo-European *mey-. Cognate with Latin meō (“to go, to pass”) (infinitive meāre).