sьde

East Slavic:

Russian: здесь (zdesʹ)

Ukrainian: осьде (osʹde)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: сьде (sĭde)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sde

Czech: zde


ovъde

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: овъде (ovŭde)

Macedonian: овде (ovde)

⇒ Macedonian: овдека (ovdeka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о́вде, о́вдје

Latin script: óvde, óvdje

West Slavic:

Polish: ówdzie


jьnъde

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: инде (inde), инъде (inŭde)

Russian: инде (inde)

Ukrainian: інде (inde)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: инъде (inŭde)

Serbo-Croatian: indje

Bulgarian: енди (endi)?

Macedonian: енди (endi)?

West Slavic:

Czech: jinde

Polish: indziej (used in combination with other words, e.g.: gdzie indziej (somewhere else), kiedy indziej (at different time))

Old Slovak: ajinde, inde, indej

Pannonian Rusyn: индзей (indzej)

Slovak: inde


jьnako

East Slavic:

Belarusian: іна́кш (inákš)

Russian: ина́че (ináče), и́наче (ínače)

Ukrainian: іна́к (inák), іна́кше (inákše), іна́че (ináče)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: инако (inako)

Bulgarian: ѝнак (ìnak), и́наче (ínače)

Macedonian: и́наку (ínaku)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: и̏на̄че

Latin script: ȉnāče

West Slavic:

Czech: jinak

Kashubian: jinak, jinaczi

Polish: inak, inaczej

Slovak: inak, ináč, inakšie


jьde

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: иде (ide)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *iˀde, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁idʰe. Cognate with Sanskrit इह (iha).


kъde

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: къде (kŭde), къдѣ (kŭdě), кде (kde), гдѣ (gdě)

Old Ruthenian: где (hde), кде (kde), кгде (gde)

Belarusian: дзе (dzje)

Carpathian Rusyn: де (de)

Ukrainian: де (de), dial. где (hde)

Russian: где (gde), dial. каде (kade), де (de)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: къде (kŭde)

Glagolitic script: ⰽⱏⰴⰵ (kŭde)

Bulgarian: къде́ (kǎdé), де (de), къдя́ (kǎdjá) (dialectal)

Macedonian: каде (kade)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: где̏, гдје̏

Latin script: gdȅ, gdjȅ

Slovene: kjẹ́, kjẹ̑ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kde
Czech: kde

desctree

Old Polish: gdzie
Polish: gdzie
Silesian: gdzie

Old Slovak: kde

Pannonian Rusyn: дзе (dze)

Slovak: kde

Polabian: ťėd

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: dze, gdze

Slovincian: dzê

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: hdźe, dźe

Lower Sorbian: źe, źo

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kude, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷú-dʰe, from *kʷos, *kʷis.
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian kur̃ (“where”).
Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit कुह (kúha, “where”), कुत्र (kútra, “where”), Latin ubi (“where”), Avestan 𐬐𐬎𐬛𐬁 (kudā, “where”), 𐬐𐬏 (kū, “where”), Cretan Greek ὀπυι (opui, “whither”), Albanian ku (“where”).


vьxъde

East Slavic: via *vьsьde (3rd palatalization)

Old East Slavic:

desc

Old Ruthenian: везде (vezde), везьде (vezʹde)

Russian: везде́ (vezdé), всегде́ (vsegdé)

South Slavic: via *vьsьde (3rd palatalization)

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: вьсьде (vĭsĭde)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: вся́къде (vsjákǎde)

Macedonian: се́каде (sékade)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сва̏где, сва̏гдје

Latin: svȁgde, svȁgdje

Slovene: vsigde

West Slavic: via *vьšьde (3rd palatalization)

Old Czech: vešde, vežde

Polabian: visdė

Polish: wszędzie

Slovak: všade

ru:Аникин, Александр Евгеньевич


onъde

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: онъде (onŭde)

Old Belarusian: вонде (vonde)

Ukrainian: о́нде (ónde)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: онъде (onŭde)

Macedonian: онде (onde)

⇒ Macedonian: ондека (ondeka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о́нде, о́ндје

Latin: ónde, óndje

West Slavic:

Old Czech: onde


pьsъ

pь̀sъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
pь̀sъ (nominative singular)
pьsà (dual nominative)
pьsì (nominative plural)
pьsà (genitive singular)
pьsù (dual genitive)
pь̀sъ (genitive plural)
pьsù (dative singular)
pьsòma (dative dual)
pьsòmъ (dative plural)
pь̀sъ (accusative singular)
pьsà (accusative dual)
pьsỳ (accusative plural)
pьsъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
pьsòmь (instrumental singular)
pьsòma (dual instrumental)
pь̀sy (instrumental plural)
pьsě̀ (locative singular)
pьsù (dual locative)
pь̀sěxъ (locative plural)
pьse (singular vocative)
pьsà (dual vocative)
pьsì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: пьсъ (pĭsŭ), песъ (pesŭ)

Belarusian: пёс (pjos)

Russian: пёс (pjos)

Carpathian Rusyn: пес (pes)

Ukrainian: пес (pes)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: пьсъ (pĭsŭ)

Glagolitic: ⱂⱐⱄⱏ (pĭsŭ)

Bulgarian: пес (pes)

Macedonian: пес (pes)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: па̏с

Latin script: pȁs

Slovene: pə̏s (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: pes
Czech: pes

desctree

Old Polish: pies
Polish: pies
Silesian: pies

Old Slovak: pes

Pannonian Rusyn: пес (pes)

Slovak: pes

Polabian: ṕås

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: pies

Slovincian: pjês

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pjas

Upper Sorbian: pos

Unknown. There are several proposals:
* Connection of the stem *pьs- with the root of *pьstrъ (“variegated”), and thus ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *piḱ- (whence also Sanskrit पिशङ्ग (piśáṅga, “reddish, tawny”), पिश (piśá, “a sort of deer”)), the zero-grade of *peyḱ- (“to paint, mark”) (whence *pьsati (“to write”)). Thus the semantic shift occurred "spotted" > "dog" (perhaps compare Spot (“stereotypical English canine pet's name”)).
* Proto-Indo-European *pḱ-o-, the zero-grade of the root *speḱ- (“to see, watch”) (by Meillet).
* Proto-Indo-European *pḱ-u-; compare Sanskrit पशु (páśu, “cattle”).


zvěrь

zvě̑rь (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
zvě̑rь (nominative singular)
zvě̑ri (dual nominative)
zvě̑rьjē (nominative plural)
zvěrí (genitive singular)
zvěrьjù (dual genitive)
zvěrь̀jь (genitive plural)
zvě̑ri (dative singular)
zvěrьmà (dative dual)
zvě̑rьmъ (dative plural)
zvě̑rь (accusative singular)
zvě̑ri (accusative dual)
zvě̑ri (accusative plural)
zvě̑rьmь (instrumental singular)
zvěrьmà (dual instrumental)
zvěrьmì (instrumental plural)
zvěrí (locative singular)
zvěrьjù (dual locative)
zvě̑rьxъ (locative plural)
zvěri (singular vocative)
zvě̑ri (dual vocative)
zvě̑rьjē (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: звѣрь (zvěrĭ)
Old Ruthenian: звѣръ (zvěr), звиръ (zvir)
Belarusian: звер (zvjer); зьвер (zʹvjer) (Taraškievica orthography)
Carpathian Rusyn: звірь (zvirʹ)
Ukrainian: звір (zvir)
Russian: зверь (zverʹ), звѣрь (zvěrʹ) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Ingrian: zveeri
→ Komi-Zyrian: зверь (zver)

Old Novgorodian: ꙁвѣрь (zvěrĭ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: звѣрь (zvěrĭ)

Bulgarian: звяр (zvjar)

Macedonian: ѕвер (dzver)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: зве̑р, звије̑р

Latin: zvȇr, zvijȇr

Slovene: zvẹ̑r (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: zvěř

Polish: zwierz

Slovak: zver

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: zwiérz

Slovincian: zwjérz

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: zwěrje

Upper Sorbian: zwěrjo

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *źwēˀrís, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰwer-.


kotъ

kòtъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
kòtъ (nominative singular)
kotà (dual nominative)
kotì (nominative plural)
kotà (genitive singular)
kotù (dual genitive)
kòtъ (genitive plural)
kotù (dative singular)
kotòma (dative dual)
kotòmъ (dative plural)
kòtъ (accusative singular)
kotà (accusative dual)
kotỳ (accusative plural)
kotъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
kotòmь (instrumental singular)
kotòma (dual instrumental)
kòty (instrumental plural)
kotě̀ (locative singular)
kotù (dual locative)
kòtěxъ (locative plural)
kote (singular vocative)
kotà (dual vocative)
kotì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: котъ (kotŭ)
Old Ruthenian: котъ (kot)
Belarusian: кот (kot)
Carpathian Rusyn: кот (kot) (regional, rare)
Ukrainian: кіт (kit)
Russian: кот m (kot, “cat”)
⇒ Russian: ко́тко (kótko, “kitten”) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: кот (kot) (archaic, dialectal)

⇒ Bulgarian: кота́к (koták); кута́к (kuták) (dialectal)

Old Serbo-Croatian: kot (rare)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kot

Czech: kot (dialectal)

Old Polish: kot

Polish: kot (“cat; hare”)

⇒ Polish: kotek (“kitty, little male cat”)

Old Slovak: *kot

Pannonian Rusyn: кот (kot)

Slovak: kot (Eastern Slovak, dialectal)

⇒ Slovak: kotena f (“female cat”)

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: kòt

Slovincian: kôt

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: kót

Upper Sorbian: kót

Probably from Latin cattus or Proto-Germanic *kattuz (see those entries and cat for further etymology).


osьlъ

osь̀lъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
osь̀lъ (nominative singular)
osьlà (dual nominative)
osьlì (nominative plural)
osьlà (genitive singular)
osьlù (dual genitive)
osь̀lъ (genitive plural)
osьlù (dative singular)
osьlòma (dative dual)
osьlòmъ (dative plural)
osь̀lъ (accusative singular)
osьlà (accusative dual)
osьlỳ (accusative plural)
osьlъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
osьlòmь (instrumental singular)
osьlòma (dual instrumental)
osь̀ly (instrumental plural)
osьlě̀ (locative singular)
osьlù (dual locative)
osь̀lěxъ (locative plural)
osьle (singular vocative)
osьlà (dual vocative)
osьlì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: осьлъ (osĭlŭ)

Belarusian: асёл (asjól)

desctree

Russian: осёл (osjól), осёлъ (osjól) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Eastern Mari: осёл (osjol)
→ Ingrian: osla
→ Kildin Sami: о̄ссел (ōssjel)
→ Udmurt: осёл (ośol)
→ Yakut: осёл (osol)

Carpathian Rusyn: осел (osel)

Ukrainian: осе́л (osél)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: осьлъ (osĭlŭ)

Bulgarian: осел (osel)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̏сао

Latin script: ȍsao

Slovene: ósəł

West Slavic:

Czech: osel

Kashubian: òseł, osoł

Polish: osioł, osieł

Slovak: osol

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wósoł

Upper Sorbian: wosoł

Borrowed from Gothic 𐌰𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌿𐍃 (asilus), itself borrowed from Latin asellus, asinus.


ložiti

ložìti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
loženьje (noun-from-verb)
ložiti (infinitive)
ložitъ (supine)
ložilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
loženъ (participle passive past)
ložimъ (participle passive present)
ložь (active participle past)
ložę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
ložixъ (aorist first-person singular)
loži (aorist second-person singular)
loži (aorist singular third-person)
ložǫ (first-person present singular)
ložiši (present second-person singular)
ložitь (present singular third-person)
ložixově (aorist dual first-person)
ložista (aorist dual second-person)
ložiste (aorist dual third-person)
loživě (dual first-person present)
ložita (dual present second-person)
ložite (dual present third-person)
ložixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
ložiste (aorist plural second-person)
ložišę (aorist plural third-person)
ložimъ (first-person plural present)
ložite (plural present second-person)
ložętь (plural present third-person)
ložaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
ložaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
ložaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
loži (imperative second-person singular)
loži (imperative singular third-person)
ložaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
ložaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
ložaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
loživě (dual first-person imperative)
ložita (dual imperative second-person)
ložaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
ložaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
ložaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
ložimъ (first-person imperative plural)
ložite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ложити (ložiti)

Belarusian: лажы́ць (lažýcʹ)

desc

Russian: ложи́ть (ložítʹ), ложи́ться (ložítʹsja), положи́ть (položítʹ)

Ukrainian: ложи́ти (ložýty) (dated)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: ложити (ložiti)

Glagolitic script: ⰾⱁⰶⰻⱅⰻ (ložiti)

Bulgarian: ло́жа (lóža) (dialectal)

Macedonian: ложи (loži)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ло̀жити

Latin script: lòžiti

Slovene: ložīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: ložit (rare)

Old Polish: łożyć

Polish: łożyć

Slovak: ložiť

Slovincian: lôżëc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: łožić

Lower Sorbian: łožyś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *lágīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *logʰ-éye-ti, causative of *legʰ- (“to lie”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (lagjan, “to lay”), English lay.


lisъ

lìsъ (canonical masculine)
a (accent-paradigm)
lìsъ (nominative singular)
lìsa (dual nominative)
lìsi (nominative plural)
lìsa (genitive singular)
lìsu (dual genitive)
lìsъ (genitive plural)
lìsu (dative singular)
lìsoma (dative dual)
lìsomъ (dative plural)
lìsъ (accusative singular)
lìsa (accusative dual)
lìsy (accusative plural)
lìsъmь (instrumental singular)
lìsomь (instrumental singular)
lìsoma (dual instrumental)
lìsȳ (instrumental plural)
lìsě (locative singular)
lìsu (dual locative)
lìsě̄xъ (locative plural)
lìse (singular vocative)
lìsa (dual vocative)
lìsi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: лисъ (lisŭ)
Old Ruthenian: лисъ (lis)
Belarusian: ліс (lis)
Carpathian Rusyn: лис (lys)
Ukrainian: лис (lys)
Russian: лис (lis)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: лисъ (lisŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰾⰺⱄⱏ (lisŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ли̑с (dialectal)

Latin script: lȋs (dialectal)

Slovene: lìs

West Slavic:

Kashubian: lës

Old Czech: lis

Czech: lis

Old Polish: lis

Polish: lis; ľis (dialectal)

Slovak: lis

Slovincian: lës

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: lis

From *lisa + *-ъ. For details see *lisa.


lisъ

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *лисъ (*lisŭ)

Russian: ли́сый (lísyj) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Polish: liszy (dialectal)

Alternative reconstruction of *lisьjь (“(relational) fox”)


ovьca

ovьcà (canonical feminine)
b (accent-paradigm)
ovьcà (nominative singular)
ovь̀ci (dual nominative)
ovьcę̇̀ (nominative plural)
ovьcę̇̀ (genitive singular)
ovьcù (dual genitive)
ovь̀cь (genitive plural)
ovьcì (dative singular)
ovьcàma (dative dual)
ovьcàmъ (dative plural)
ovьcǫ̀ (accusative singular)
ovь̀ci (accusative dual)
ovьcę̇̀ (accusative plural)
ovьcèjǫ (instrumental singular)
ovь̀cǫ (instrumental singular)
ovьcàma (dual instrumental)
ovьcàmī (instrumental plural)
ovьcì (locative singular)
ovьcù (dual locative)
ovьcàsъ (locative plural)
ovьcàxъ (locative plural)
ovьce (singular vocative)
ovь̀ci (dual vocative)
ovьcę̇̀ (plural vocative)
c (accent-paradigm)
ovьcà (nominative singular)
ȍvьci (dual nominative)
ȍvьcę̇ (nominative plural)
ovьcę̇́ (genitive singular)
ovьcù (dual genitive)
ovь̀cь (genitive plural)
ovьcì (dative singular)
ovьcàma (dative dual)
ovьcàmъ (dative plural)
ȍvьcǫ (accusative singular)
ȍvьci (accusative dual)
ȍvьcę̇ (accusative plural)
ovьcejǫ́ (instrumental singular)
ovьcàma (dual instrumental)
ovьcàmi (instrumental plural)
ȍvьcī (locative singular)
ovьcù (dual locative)
ovьcàsъ (locative plural)
ovьcàxъ (locative plural)
ovьce (singular vocative)
ȍvьci (dual vocative)
ȍvьcę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: овьца (ovĭca)

Belarusian: аўца́ (aŭcá) (rare), аве́чка (avjéčka) (< diminutive *ovьčьka)

Russian: овца́ (ovcá)

Ukrainian: вівця́ (vivcjá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: овьца (ovĭca)

Glagolitic: ⱁⰲⱐⱌⰰ (ovĭca)

Bulgarian: овца́ (ovcá)

Macedonian: о́вца (óvca)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о́вца

Latin script: óvca

Slovene: óvca (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: ovcě

Czech: ovce

Polabian: vićă

Kashubian: òwca

Polish: owca

Silesian: ôwca

Slovak: ovca

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wójca

Upper Sorbian: wowca

From *ovь + *-ьca, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *áwis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ówis. Exact cognate of Sanskrit अविक (avika), suggesting Proto-Indo-European *h₂ów-i-keh₂.

Rick Derksen
ru:Журавлёв, Анатолий Фёдорович


medvědь

medvě̀dь (canonical masculine)
a (accent-paradigm)
medvě̀dь (nominative singular)
medvě̀da (dual nominative)
medvě̀di (nominative plural)
medvě̀da (genitive singular)
medvě̀du (dual genitive)
medvě̀dь (genitive plural)
medvě̀du (dative singular)
medvě̀dema (dative dual)
medvě̀dēmъ (dative plural)
medvě̀dь (accusative singular)
medvě̀da (accusative dual)
medvě̀dę̇ (accusative plural)
medvě̀dьmь (instrumental singular)
medvě̀demь (instrumental singular)
medvě̀dema (dual instrumental)
medvě̀dī (instrumental plural)
medvě̀di (locative singular)
medvě̀du (dual locative)
medvě̀dīxъ (locative plural)
medvě̀du (singular vocative)
medvě̀da (dual vocative)
medvě̀di (plural vocative)
a (accent-paradigm)
medvě̀dь (nominative singular)
medvě̀di (dual nominative)
medvě̀dьjē (nominative plural)
medvě̀dī (genitive singular)
medvě̀dьju (dual genitive)
medvě̀dьjь (genitive plural)
medvě̀di (dative singular)
medvě̀dьma (dative dual)
medvě̀dьmъ (dative plural)
medvě̀dь (accusative singular)
medvě̀di (accusative dual)
medvě̀di (accusative plural)
medvě̀dьmь (instrumental singular)
medvě̀dьma (dual instrumental)
medvě̀dьmī (instrumental plural)
medvě̀dī (locative singular)
medvě̀dьju (dual locative)
medvě̀dьxъ (locative plural)
medvědi (singular vocative)
medvě̀di (dual vocative)
medvě̀dьjē (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: медвѣдь (medvědĭ)
Old Ruthenian: медвѣ́дь (medvě́dʹ)
Belarusian: мядзве́дзь (mjadzvjédzʹ)
Carpathian Rusyn: медві́дь (medvídʹ)
Ukrainian: ведмі́дь (vedmídʹ)
Russian: медве́дь (medvédʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: медвѣдь (medvědĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰿⰵⰴⰲⱑⰴⱐ (medvědĭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мѐдвед, мѐдвјед; медви̂д (dialectal)

Latin script: mèdved, mèdvjed; medvîd (dialectal)

Slovene: médved

West Slavic:

Old Czech: medvěd, nedvěd

Czech: medvěd

Bohemian (Chod dialect): nedvěd

Old Polish: niedźwiedź
Polish: niedźwiedź
Silesian: niedźwiydź
→ Old Ruthenian: недвѣдзь (nedvědzʹ)

Old Slovak: medveď

Pannonian Rusyn: медведз (medvedz)

Slovak: medveď

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: miedwiédz, miedzwiédz

Slovincian: njêdzwjédz

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: mjadwjeź

Upper Sorbian: mjedwjedź, mjedźwjedź

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: medve

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *medwḗˀdis (originally probably a consonant stem *medwēˀd-, later reformed into an i-stem based on the accusative in *-in, as typical in Balto-Slavic), equivalent to *medъ (“honey”) + *(j)ěsti (“to eat”), hence literally the epithet "honey-eater". Cognate with Sanskrit मध्वद् (madhv-ád-, “eating sweetness”) (RV I 164,22). Presumably came into use as taboo avoidance of an earlier word, possibly something like *rьstъ (compare Lithuanian irštvà (“bear's den”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos). Similar proposed examples of linguistic taboo for 'bear' are Proto-Germanic *berô (“the brown one”), Latvian lācis (“stomper, pounder”), Sanskrit भल्ल (bhalla) and Old Irish math (“the good one”).
There is a false etymology from *medъ and *věděti (“to know, to manage”), hence "one who knows honey" or "honey master".


žerbę

žērbę̀ (canonical neuter)
b (accent-paradigm)
žērbę̀ (nominative singular)
žērbę̀ti (dual nominative)
žērbę̀tā (nominative plural)
žērbę̀te (genitive singular)
žērbę̀tu (dual genitive)
žērbę̀tъ (genitive plural)
žērbę̀ti (dative singular)
žērbę̀tьma (dative dual)
žērbę̀tьmъ (dative plural)
žērbę̀ (accusative singular)
žērbę̀ti (accusative dual)
žērbę̀tā (accusative plural)
žērbę̀tьmь (instrumental singular)
žērbę̀tьma (dual instrumental)
žērbę̀tȳ (instrumental plural)
žērbę̀te (locative singular)
žērbę̀tu (dual locative)
žērbę̀tьxъ (locative plural)
žērbę̀ (singular vocative)
žērbę̀ti (dual vocative)
žērbę̀tā (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: жарабя́ (žarabjá)

Russian: жеребя́ (žerebjá) (dial.)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: жрѣбѧ

Bulgarian: жребе́ (žrebé), dial. ждря́бе (ždrjábe), ждребе́ (ždrebé), жеребе (žerebe)

Macedonian: ждре́бе (ždrébe)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ждре̑бе, ждрије̑бе

Latin: ždrȇbe, ždrijȇbe

Slovene: žrebȅ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hřiebě

Czech: hříbě

Bohemian (Chod dialect): říbě

Old Polish: źrzebię

Polish: źrebię

Silesian: zdrzybiã

Slovak: žriebä

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: žrěbjo

Lower Sorbian: žrěbje

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷrebʰ-, with the suffix *-ę for forming names of young animals. Cognate with Ancient Greek βρέφος (bréphos).


lьvъ

lь̀vъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
lь̀vъ (nominative singular)
lьvà (dual nominative)
lьvì (nominative plural)
lьvà (genitive singular)
lьvù (dual genitive)
lь̀vъ (genitive plural)
lьvù (dative singular)
lьvòma (dative dual)
lьvòmъ (dative plural)
lь̀vъ (accusative singular)
lьvà (accusative dual)
lьvỳ (accusative plural)
lьvъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
lьvòmь (instrumental singular)
lьvòma (dual instrumental)
lь̀vy (instrumental plural)
lьvě̀ (locative singular)
lьvù (dual locative)
lь̀věxъ (locative plural)
lьve (singular vocative)
lьvà (dual vocative)
lьvì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: львъ (lĭvŭ), левъ (levŭ)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: левъ (lev)
Belarusian: леў (ljeŭ)
Carpathian Rusyn: лев (lev)
Ukrainian: лев (lev)

Russian: лев (lev), левъ (lev) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Ingrian: leva
→ Kildin Sami: левв (ljevv)
→ Komi-Zyrian: лев (ľev)
→ Ossetian: лев (lev)
→ Veps: lev

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: львъ (lĭvŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰾⱐⰲⱏ (lĭvŭ)

Bulgarian: лъв (lǎv), лев (lev)

Macedonian: лав (lav)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ла̏в

Latin script: lȁv

Slovene: lȅv

West Slavic:

Old Czech: lev

Czech: lev

Kashubian: lew

Polabian: ľåv

Polish: lew

Slovak: lev

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: law

Upper Sorbian: law

From a Germanic language, possibly Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 (laiwa), from Latin leō.


volъ

vòlъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
vòlъ (nominative singular)
volỳ (dual nominative)
volòve (nominative plural)
volù (genitive singular)
volòvu (dual genitive)
volòvъ (genitive plural)
volòvi (dative singular)
vòlъma (dative dual)
volъ̀mъ (dative plural)
vòlъ (accusative singular)
volỳ (accusative dual)
volỳ (accusative plural)
volъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
vòlъma (dual instrumental)
vòlъmī (instrumental plural)
vòlu (locative singular)
volòvu (dual locative)
volъ̀xъ (locative plural)
volu (singular vocative)
volỳ (dual vocative)
volòve (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: волъ (volŭ)

Old Ruthenian: волъ (vol)
Belarusian: вол (vol); вюл (vjul) (dialectal)
Carpathian Rusyn: вул (vul)
Ukrainian: віл (vil)

Russian: вол (vol)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: волъ (volŭ)

Bulgarian: вол (vol)

Macedonian: вол (vol)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: вол, во

Latin: vol, vo

Slovene: vȍł (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vól

Czech: vůl

Polabian: vål

Old Polish: wół

Polish: wół

Pomeranian:

Slovincian: wól

Slovak: vôl

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: woł

Upper Sorbian: woł

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wálas, with no clear cognates outside Slavic. Often connected with *vel- (“big”) (as in *velьjь) and explained as meaning "a big creature".


baranъ

baranъ (nominative singular)
barana (dual nominative)
barani (nominative plural)
barana (genitive singular)
baranu (dual genitive)
baranъ (genitive plural)
baranu (dative singular)
baranoma (dative dual)
baranomъ (dative plural)
baranъ (accusative singular)
barana (accusative dual)
barany (accusative plural)
baranъmь (instrumental singular)
baranomь (instrumental singular)
baranoma (dual instrumental)
barany (instrumental plural)
baraně (locative singular)
baranu (dual locative)
baraněxъ (locative plural)
barane (singular vocative)
barana (dual vocative)
barani (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: баранъ (baranŭ), боранъ (boranŭ)

Old Ruthenian: бара́нъ (barán), бора́нъ (borán)

Belarusian: бара́н (barán)

Carpathian Rusyn: бара́н (barán)

Ukrainian: бара́н (barán)

Russian: бара́н (barán); бора́н (borán) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ба̀ран

Latin script: bàran

West Slavic:

Old Czech: beran, baran

Czech: beran

desctree

Old Polish: baran
Polish: baran
Silesian: barōn

Old Slovak: baran

Pannonian Rusyn: баран (baran)

Slovak: baran

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: baran

Slovincian: barón

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: boran

Lower Sorbian: baran

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: bárány

Of uncertain non-Indo-European origin. Phonetically the best match is Old Turkic *baran (“walking, going”), from Proto-Turkic *baran (“one that goes”), but semantics are questionable (as well as the reason for borrowing such a common noun). If correct, one of very few Proto-Slavic loans from a Turkic language. Compare Albanian berr (“sheep”).


agnę

àgnę (canonical neuter)
a (accent-paradigm)
àgnę (nominative singular)
àgnęti (dual nominative)
àgnętā (nominative plural)
àgnęte (genitive singular)
àgnętu (dual genitive)
àgnętъ (genitive plural)
àgnęti (dative singular)
àgnętьma (dative dual)
àgnętьmъ (dative plural)
àgnę (accusative singular)
àgnęti (accusative dual)
àgnętā (accusative plural)
àgnętьmь (instrumental singular)
àgnętьma (dual instrumental)
àgnętȳ (instrumental plural)
àgnęte (locative singular)
àgnętu (dual locative)
àgnętьxъ (locative plural)
àgnę (singular vocative)
àgnęti (dual vocative)
àgnętā (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ꙗгнѧ
Old Ruthenian: ꙗгнѧ (jahnja)
Belarusian: ягня́ (jahnjá), ягнё (jahnjó)
Carpathian Rusyn: ягня́ (jahnjá)
Ukrainian: ягня́ (jahnjá)
⇒ Russian: ягня́та pl (jagnjáta)
⇒ Russian: ягнёнок (jagnjónok)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⰰⰳⱀⱔ (agnę)

Old Cyrillic script: агнѧ
Bulgarian: а́гне (ágne)
Macedonian: ја́гне (jágne)
→ Old East Slavic: агнѧ
Old Ruthenian: агнѧ (ahnja)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ја̏гње, ја̏ње

Latin script: jȁgnje, jȁnje

Slovene: jágnje (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jěhně
Czech: jehně

Polish: jagnię

Kashubian: jagniã

Polabian: jogną

Slovak: jahňa

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: jehnjo

Lower Sorbian: jagnje


porsę

pȏrsę (canonical neuter)
c (accent-paradigm)
pȏrsę (nominative singular)
pȏrsęti (dual nominative)
porsętà (nominative plural)
pȏrsęte (genitive singular)
porsętù (dual genitive)
porsę̃tъ (genitive plural)
pȏrsęti (dative singular)
porsętьmà (dative dual)
porsę̃tьmъ (dative plural)
pȏrsę (accusative singular)
pȏrsęti (accusative dual)
porsętà (accusative plural)
pȏrsętьmь (instrumental singular)
porsętьmà (dual instrumental)
porsętý (instrumental plural)
pȏrsęte (locative singular)
porsętù (dual locative)
porsę̃tьxъ (locative plural)
pȏrsę (singular vocative)
pȏrsęti (dual vocative)
porsętà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: поросѧ

Old Ruthenian: поросѧ́ (porosjá)

desc

Belarusian: парася́ (parasjá), парасё (parasjó)

Ukrainian: порося́ (porosjá); переся́ (peresjá) (dialectal)

Russian: порося́ (porosjá)

⇒ Russian: поросёнок (porosjónok)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Church Slavonic: прасѧ

Bulgarian: прасе́ (prasé), прасе́нце (prasénce)

Macedonian: прасе (prase), прасенце (prasence)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пра̑се

Latin script: prȃse

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: prasȅ, práse, prášič (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: prasě

Czech: prase

Moravian (Mistřice): prasa

Kashubian: parsã, prosã

Polabian: porsą

Polish: prosię

Silesian: prosiã

Slovak: prasa

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: proso, рrоsаtkо

Lower Sorbian: prose

Diminutive of Proto-Balto-Slavic *parśas, from Proto-Indo-European *pórḱos. Note the suffix *-ę for forming names of young animals.
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian paršas, Old Prussian prastian.
Indo-European cognates include Latin porcus, Ancient Greek πόρκος (pórkos), Proto-Germanic *farhaz, Khotanese рāʾsä (from *раrsа-), Middle Irish orc.


lososь

lososь (nominative singular)
lososa (dual nominative)
lososi (nominative plural)
lososa (genitive singular)
lososu (dual genitive)
lososь (genitive plural)
lososu (dative singular)
lososema (dative dual)
lososemъ (dative plural)
lososь (accusative singular)
lososa (accusative dual)
lososę̇ (accusative plural)
lososьmь (instrumental singular)
lososemь (instrumental singular)
lososema (dual instrumental)
lososi (instrumental plural)
lososi (locative singular)
lososu (dual locative)
lososixъ (locative plural)
lososu (singular vocative)
lososa (dual vocative)
lososi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: лосось (lososĭ), лосъ (losŭ)

Old Ruthenian: лосо́сь (losósʹ)

Belarusian: ласо́сь (lasósʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: ло́сос (lósos)

Ukrainian: лосо́сь (losósʹ)

Russian: лосо́сь (losósʹ), ло́сось (lósosʹ)

→ Yakut: лосось (losos)

Old Novgorodian: лосось (lososĭ)

South Slavic:

Macedonian: лосос (losos)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ло̏сос, ло̏с

Latin: lȍsos, lȍs

Slovene: lọ̑sos (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: losos

Czech: losos

Kashubian: łosos

Polish: łosoś

Slovak: losos

Slovincian: lôsôs

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: łosos

Upper Sorbian: łosos

Non-Slavic languages:

Hungarian: lazac

Ossetian: лӕсӕг (læsæg) (early, from Sarmatian *lasaka-).

Romanian: lostriță (probably)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *laśas, from Proto-Indo-European *loḱs-os- (“salmon, trout”) or *laḱs-.
Baltic cognates include Latvian lasis, Lithuanian lašišà, Old Prussian *lalasso (misspelling of lasasso). Indo-European cognates include Proto-Germanic *lahsaz, and Tocharian B laks m (“fish”).


sьrna

sьrnà (canonical)
sь̀rna (canonical feminine)
b (accent-paradigm)
sьrnà (nominative singular)
sь̃rně (dual nominative)
sьrnỳ (nominative plural)
sьrnỳ (genitive singular)
sьrnù (dual genitive)
sь̃rnъ (genitive plural)
sьrně̀ (dative singular)
sьrnàma (dative dual)
sьrnàmъ (dative plural)
sьrnǫ̀ (accusative singular)
sь̃rně (accusative dual)
sьrnỳ (accusative plural)
sьrnòjǫ (instrumental singular)
sь̃rnǫ (instrumental singular)
sьrnàma (dual instrumental)
sьrnàmī (instrumental plural)
sьrně̀ (locative singular)
sьrnù (dual locative)
sьrnàsъ (locative plural)
sьrnàxъ (locative plural)
sьrno (singular vocative)
sь̃rně (dual vocative)
sьrnỳ (plural vocative)
a (accent-paradigm)
sь̀rna (nominative singular)
sь̀rně (dual nominative)
sь̀rny (nominative plural)
sь̀rny (genitive singular)
sь̀rnu (dual genitive)
sь̀rnъ (genitive plural)
sь̀rně (dative singular)
sь̀rnama (dative dual)
sь̀rnamъ (dative plural)
sь̀rnǫ (accusative singular)
sь̀rně (accusative dual)
sь̀rny (accusative plural)
sь̀rnojǫ (instrumental singular)
sь̀rnǭ (instrumental singular)
sь̀rnama (dual instrumental)
sь̀rnamī (instrumental plural)
sь̀rně (locative singular)
sь̀rnu (dual locative)
sь̀rnasъ (locative plural)
sь̀rnaxъ (locative plural)
sь̀rno (singular vocative)
sь̀rně (dual vocative)
sь̀rny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сьрна (sĭrna)

Russian: се́рна (sérna, “chamois”)

Ukrainian: се́рна (sérna, “chamois”)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: сърна́ (sǎrná)

Macedonian: срна (srna)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ср́на

Latin script: sŕna

Slovene: sŕna (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: srna

Czech: srna

Kashubian: sarna

Polish: sarna

→ Belarusian: са́рна (sárna)

→ Russian: сарна́ (sarná)

→ Ukrainian: са́рна (sárna)

Slovak: srna

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: sarna

Upper Sorbian: sorna

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śírˀnāˀ (“horn”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥h₂-néh₂, from *ḱerh₂- (“head, top, horn”).


telę

telę̀ (canonical neuter)
b (accent-paradigm)
telę̀ (nominative singular)
telę̀ti (dual nominative)
telę̀tā (nominative plural)
telę̀te (genitive singular)
telę̀tu (dual genitive)
telę̀tъ (genitive plural)
telę̀ti (dative singular)
telę̀tьma (dative dual)
telę̀tьmъ (dative plural)
telę̀ (accusative singular)
telę̀ti (accusative dual)
telę̀tā (accusative plural)
telę̀tьmь (instrumental singular)
telę̀tьma (dual instrumental)
telę̀tȳ (instrumental plural)
telę̀te (locative singular)
telę̀tu (dual locative)
telę̀tьxъ (locative plural)
telę̀ (singular vocative)
telę̀ti (dual vocative)
telę̀tā (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: телѧ

Old Ruthenian: телѧ (telja)

Old Belarusian: целѧ (celja)

Belarusian: цяля́ (cjaljá)

Carpathian Rusyn: теля́ (teljá)

Ukrainian: теля́ (teljá)

Russian: теля́ (teljá) (regional)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: телѧ

Bulgarian: теле́ (telé)

Macedonian: теле (tele)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тѐле

Latin script: tèle

Slovene: téle (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: tele

Moravian (Mistřice): tela

Polish: cielę

Polabian: tilą

Silesian: cielã

Slovak: teľa

Slovincian: cêlã

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: ćelo

Lower Sorbian: śele

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tel- + *-ę (diminutive suffix), cognate with Latvian teļš, telēns, Lithuanian tẽlias. Three types of hypotheses exist for the origin of the root:
* Native origin: Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *telh₂- (“to bear”), akin to Latin tollo (“to carry”), possibly Proto-Slavic *telěga (“cart”) (supported by Snoj). Machek tentatively proposes as an alternative ad hoc simiplificaiton of (formally incompatible) Proto-Indo-European *wetélas (“yearling”) cognate with Latin vitulus (“calf”), Ancient Greek ἔταλον (étalon, “yearling”) and akin to Proto-Germanic *weþruz (“wether, year-old lamb”).
* Temematic origin: Per Holzer, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suckle”) via a hypothetical Indo-European dialect which devoiced aspirated stops. If right, then akin to directly inherited Proto-Slavic *dětę (“child”) and further Latin filius (“son”), Albanian dele (“ewe”). Disputed by Matasović.
* Turkic loanword: From Proto-Turkic *tẹ̄l (“calf”), attested in Kazakh тел (tel), Yakut тиил (tiil) (supported by Matasović).


muxa

mùxa (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
mùxa (nominative singular)
mùśě (dual nominative)
mùxy (nominative plural)
mùxy (genitive singular)
mùxu (dual genitive)
mùxъ (genitive plural)
mùśě (dative singular)
mùxama (dative dual)
mùxamъ (dative plural)
mùxǫ (accusative singular)
mùśě (accusative dual)
mùxy (accusative plural)
mùxojǫ (instrumental singular)
mùxǭ (instrumental singular)
mùxama (dual instrumental)
mùxamī (instrumental plural)
mùśě (locative singular)
mùxu (dual locative)
mùxasъ (locative plural)
mùxaxъ (locative plural)
mùxo (singular vocative)
mùśě (dual vocative)
mùxy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: му́ха (múxa)

Russian: му́ха (múxa)

Ukrainian: му́ха (múxa)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: моуха (muxa)

Glagolitic: ⰿⱆⱈⰰ (muxa)

Bulgarian: муха́ (muhá)

Macedonian: мува (muva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: му̀ха, му̀ва

Latin: mùha, mùva

Slovene: múha (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: múcha

Czech: moucha

Kashubian: mùcha

Polabian: mauxo

Polish: mucha

Slovak: mucha

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: mucha

Upper Sorbian: mucha

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *máušāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *mows-eh₂, from *mows-, *mus-, *mew-. Cognate with Lithuanian mùsė, dialectal musià, Latvian muša, Latin musca, Ancient Greek μυῖα (muîa), German Mücke, English midge.


bykъ

bỹkъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
bỹkъ (nominative singular)
bȳkà (dual nominative)
bȳcì (nominative plural)
bȳkà (genitive singular)
bȳkù (dual genitive)
bỹkъ (genitive plural)
bȳkù (dative singular)
bȳkòma (dative dual)
bȳkòmъ (dative plural)
bỹkъ (accusative singular)
bȳkà (accusative dual)
bȳkỳ (accusative plural)
bȳkъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
bȳkòmь (instrumental singular)
bȳkòma (dual instrumental)
bỹky (instrumental plural)
bȳcě̀ (locative singular)
bȳkù (dual locative)
bỹcěxъ (locative plural)
byče (singular vocative)
bȳkà (dual vocative)
bȳcì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: бꙑкъ (bykŭ)
Old Ruthenian: быкъ (byk)
Belarusian: бык (byk)
Carpathian Rusyn: бык (bŷk)
Ukrainian: бик (byk)
Russian: бык (byk), быкъ (byk) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Komi-Zyrian: бык (byk)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: бꙑкъ (bykŭ)

Bulgarian: бик (bik)

Macedonian: бик (bik)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: би̏к

Latin script: bȉk

Slovene: bȉk (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: býk

Kashubian: byk

Polish: byk

Slovak: býk

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: byk

Lower Sorbian: byk

→ Yiddish: ביק (bik)

Unclear, but likely of onomatopoeic origin. Akin to Lithuanian bucêt (“to sound, to buzz”), Latvian bukti (“to moo”), bukas (“bittern”) and further to Welsh bugad (“lowing, bellowing”).
Comparable also to Proto-Turkic *buka (“bull”), Mongolian буга (buga, “reindeer”), Hungarian bök (“to poke”).

unk

Unclear


čajьka

čajьka (nominative singular)
čajьcě (dual nominative)
čajьky (nominative plural)
čajьky (genitive singular)
čajьku (dual genitive)
čajьkъ (genitive plural)
čajьcě (dative singular)
čajьkama (dative dual)
čajьkamъ (dative plural)
čajьkǫ (accusative singular)
čajьcě (accusative dual)
čajьky (accusative plural)
čajьkojǫ (instrumental singular)
čajьkǫ (instrumental singular)
čajьkama (dual instrumental)
čajьkami (instrumental plural)
čajьcě (locative singular)
čajьku (dual locative)
čajьkasъ (locative plural)
čajьkaxъ (locative plural)
čajьko (singular vocative)
čajьcě (dual vocative)
čajьky (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old Ruthenian: ча́йка (čájka)

Belarusian: ча́йка (čájka)

Ukrainian: ча́йка (čájka)

desctree

Russian: ча́йка (čájka)
→ Bezhta: чайка (čajka)
→ Southern Yukaghir: чайка (čajka)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ча́йка (čájka)

Macedonian: чајка (čajka)

Slovene: čájka

West Slavic:

Old Czech: čějka, čajka

Czech: čejka (“lapwing”)

Polish: czajka (“lapwing”)

Slovak: čajka

From *čaja + *-ьka. The theory that it is from *čajьka (“biding, chasing”), from *čajati/*čajiti, is unlikely.


čapľa

čapľa (nominative singular)
čapľi (dual nominative)
čapľę̇ (nominative plural)
čapľę̇ (genitive singular)
čapľu (dual genitive)
čapľь (genitive plural)
čapľi (dative singular)
čapľama (dative dual)
čapľamъ (dative plural)
čapľǫ (accusative singular)
čapľi (accusative dual)
čapľę̇ (accusative plural)
čapľejǫ (instrumental singular)
čapľǫ (instrumental singular)
čapľama (dual instrumental)
čapľami (instrumental plural)
čapľi (locative singular)
čapľu (dual locative)
čapľasъ (locative plural)
čapľaxъ (locative plural)
čapľe (singular vocative)
čapľi (dual vocative)
čapľę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ча́пля (čáplja)

desc

Russian: ца́пля (cáplja), ча́пля (čáplja), чапу́ра (čapúra)

Ukrainian: ча́пля (čáplja)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ча́пла (čápla)

Macedonian: ча́пја (čápja)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ча̏пља

Latin script: čȁplja

Slovene: čȃplja (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: čiepě, čěpě

Czech: čáp, čapla

Polish: czapla

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: czapla

Slovincian: czapla

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: čapla, čapula

Lower Sorbian: capla

From earlier *čapja, from *čapati, thus originally meaning "grabber".


vornъ

vȏrnъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
vȏrnъ (nominative singular)
vȏrna (dual nominative)
vȏrni (nominative plural)
vȏrna (genitive singular)
vornù (dual genitive)
võrnъ (genitive plural)
vȏrnu (dative singular)
vornomà (dative dual)
vornòmъ (dative plural)
vȏrnъ (accusative singular)
vȏrna (accusative dual)
vȏrny (accusative plural)
vȏrnъmь (instrumental singular)
vȏrnomь (instrumental singular)
vornomà (dual instrumental)
vorný (instrumental plural)
vȏrně (locative singular)
vornù (dual locative)
vorně̃xъ (locative plural)
vorne (singular vocative)
vȏrna (dual vocative)
vȏrni (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: во́ран (vóran)

Russian: во́рон (vóron)

Ukrainian: во́рон (vóron)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: вранъ (vranŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: вра̑н

Latin script: vrȃn

Slovene: vrȃn (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Lower Sorbian: wron


zmьja

zmьjà (canonical feminine)
zmьjà (nominative singular)
zmьji (dual nominative)
zmьję̇ (nominative plural)
zmьję̇ (genitive singular)
zmьju (dual genitive)
zmьjь (genitive plural)
zmьji (dative singular)
zmьjama (dative dual)
zmьjamъ (dative plural)
zmьjǫ (accusative singular)
zmьji (accusative dual)
zmьję̇ (accusative plural)
zmьjejǫ (instrumental singular)
zmьjǫ (instrumental singular)
zmьjama (dual instrumental)
zmьjami (instrumental plural)
zmьji (locative singular)
zmьju (dual locative)
zmьjasъ (locative plural)
zmьjaxъ (locative plural)
zmьje (singular vocative)
zmьji (dual vocative)
zmьję̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: змяя́ (zmjajá)

Russian: змея́ (zmejá)

Ukrainian: змія́ (zmijá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: змиꙗ (zmija)

Bulgarian: змия́ (zmijá)

Macedonian: змија (zmija)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: змѝја

Latin script: zmìja

Slovene: zmija

West Slavic:

Czech: zmije

Kashubian: żnija

desctree

Old Polish: źmija
Polish: żmija
Silesian: żmija

Slovak: zmija

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: zmija

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰōm (see more in *zmьjь, *zemľa).


žьlna

b (accent-paradigm)
žьlnà (nominative singular)
žь̃lně (dual nominative)
žьlnỳ (nominative plural)
žьlnỳ (genitive singular)
žьlnù (dual genitive)
žь̃lnъ (genitive plural)
žьlně̀ (dative singular)
žьlnàma (dative dual)
žьlnàmъ (dative plural)
žьlnǫ̀ (accusative singular)
žь̃lně (accusative dual)
žьlnỳ (accusative plural)
žьlnòjǫ (instrumental singular)
žь̃lnǫ (instrumental singular)
žьlnàma (dual instrumental)
žьlnàmī (instrumental plural)
žьlně̀ (locative singular)
žьlnù (dual locative)
žьlnàsъ (locative plural)
žьlnàxъ (locative plural)
žьlno (singular vocative)
žь̃lně (dual vocative)
žьlnỳ (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: жлъна (žlŭna) (Russian)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *жьлна (*žĭlna)

Belarusian: жаўна́ (žaŭná)

Russian: желна́ (želná)

Ukrainian: жо́вна (žóvna)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: жълна́ (žǎlná)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жуна

Latin script: žuna

Slovene: žółna (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: žluna

Czech: žluna

Moravian (Mistřice): žuna

Kashubian: żôłna

Polish: żołna

Slovak: žlna

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: žołma

Lower Sorbian: žołma

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gilˀnāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European root:
:* *gʷelH- (“torment, sting”). Related to *žalь (“pity, regret”), *želěti (“to regret”), *želja (“grief”).
:* *ǵʰelh₃-. Related to *žьltъ (“yellow”), *zelenъ (“green”).
Cognate with Lithuanian gilnà (“green woodpecker”), Latvian dzil̂na (“woodpecker”)


vorna

vòrna (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
vòrna (nominative singular)
vòrně (dual nominative)
vòrny (nominative plural)
vòrny (genitive singular)
vòrnu (dual genitive)
vòrnъ (genitive plural)
vòrně (dative singular)
vòrnama (dative dual)
vòrnamъ (dative plural)
vòrnǫ (accusative singular)
vòrně (accusative dual)
vòrny (accusative plural)
vòrnojǫ (instrumental singular)
vòrnǭ (instrumental singular)
vòrnama (dual instrumental)
vòrnamī (instrumental plural)
vòrně (locative singular)
vòrnu (dual locative)
vòrnasъ (locative plural)
vòrnaxъ (locative plural)
vòrno (singular vocative)
vòrně (dual vocative)
vòrny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ворона (vorona)

Old Ruthenian: ворона (vorona)

Belarusian: варо́на (varóna)

Ukrainian: воро́на (voróna)

Russian: воро́на (voróna)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: вра́на (vrána)

Macedonian: врана (vrana)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: вра̏на

Latin script: vrȁna

Slovene: vrána (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vrána

Czech: vrána

Moravian (Mistřice): vrana

Kashubian: wrona, warna

Polabian: vorno

Old Polish: wrona

Polish: wrona

Slovak: vrana

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wróna


gňida

gňìda (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
gňìda (nominative singular)
gňìdě (dual nominative)
gňìdy (nominative plural)
gňìdy (genitive singular)
gňìdu (dual genitive)
gňìdъ (genitive plural)
gňìdě (dative singular)
gňìdama (dative dual)
gňìdamъ (dative plural)
gňìdǫ (accusative singular)
gňìdě (accusative dual)
gňìdy (accusative plural)
gňìdojǫ (instrumental singular)
gňìdǭ (instrumental singular)
gňìdama (dual instrumental)
gňìdamī (instrumental plural)
gňìdě (locative singular)
gňìdu (dual locative)
gňìdasъ (locative plural)
gňìdaxъ (locative plural)
gňìdo (singular vocative)
gňìdě (dual vocative)
gňìdy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: гні́да (hnída)

Russian: гни́да (gnída)

Ukrainian: гни́да (hnýda)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: гни́да (gnída)

Macedonian: гнида (gnida)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гњи̏да

Latin script: gnjȉda

Slovene: gnída (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hnida

Czech: hnida

Bohemian (Chod dialect): hnída

Moravian (Mistřice): hňida

Polabian: gnaidă

Polish: gnida

Slovak: hnida

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: hnida

Lower Sorbian: gnida

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gnī́ˀdāˀ; cognate with Lithuanian gnída, Latvian gnĩda.

Moscow
Nauka (publisher)
Rick Derksen
Vladimir I. Georgiev


zmьjь

zmь̀jь (canonical masculine)
zmь̀jь (nominative singular)
zmьja (dual nominative)
zmьji (nominative plural)
zmьja (genitive singular)
zmьju (dual genitive)
zmьjь (genitive plural)
zmьju (dative singular)
zmьjema (dative dual)
zmьjemъ (dative plural)
zmь̀jь (accusative singular)
zmьja (accusative dual)
zmьję̇ (accusative plural)
zmьjьmь (instrumental singular)
zmьjemь (instrumental singular)
zmьjema (dual instrumental)
zmьji (instrumental plural)
zmьji (locative singular)
zmьju (dual locative)
zmьjixъ (locative plural)
zmьju (singular vocative)
zmьja (dual vocative)
zmьji (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: змии (zmii), змьи (zmĭi), змѣи (změi)
Old Ruthenian: змей (zmej), змий (zmij)
Belarusian: змей (zmjej)
Carpathian Rusyn: змій (zmij)
Ukrainian: змій (zmij)
Russian: змей (zmej) (see there for further descendants)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: змии (zmii)

→ Russian: змий (zmij)

Bulgarian: змей (zmej)

Macedonian: змеј (zmej)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: зма̏ј

Latin script: zmȁj

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: zmáj, zmȃj, zmȁj (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: zmije

Polish: żmij

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: zmij

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: zmeu

Related to *zmьja and ultimately *zemľa, reflecting an original meaning of "animal which lives in the ground". "eats from the earth or eats the earth"
For the semantic development within Indo-European, compare Kamkata-viri babístë, bibímstë (“snake”) < earlier *pa-bǘm stë (“being in the ground”).


astrębъ

àstrę̄bъ (canonical masculine)
a (accent-paradigm)
àstrę̄bъ (nominative singular)
àstrę̄ba (dual nominative)
àstrę̄bi (nominative plural)
àstrę̄ba (genitive singular)
àstrę̄bu (dual genitive)
àstrę̄bъ (genitive plural)
àstrę̄bu (dative singular)
àstrę̄boma (dative dual)
àstrę̄bomъ (dative plural)
àstrę̄bъ (accusative singular)
àstrę̄ba (accusative dual)
àstrę̄by (accusative plural)
àstrę̄bъmь (instrumental singular)
àstrę̄bomь (instrumental singular)
àstrę̄boma (dual instrumental)
àstrę̄bȳ (instrumental plural)
àstrę̄bě (locative singular)
àstrę̄bu (dual locative)
àstrę̄bě̄xъ (locative plural)
àstrę̄be (singular vocative)
àstrę̄ba (dual vocative)
àstrę̄bi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: ꙗстрѧбъ, ꙗстребъ (jastrebŭ)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: ꙗ́стребъ (jástreb), ꙗ́страбъ (jástrab) — Old Belarusian
Belarusian: я́страб (jástrab)
Carpathian Rusyn: я́стряб (jástrjab), астря́б (astrjáb)
Ukrainian: я́стріб (jástrib), я́стреб (jástreb), астря́б (astrjáb) (dialectal)
⇒ Ukrainian: я́стер (jáster) (dialectal)

Russian: я́стреб (jástreb)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: я́стреб (jástreb)

Macedonian: јастреб (jastreb)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ја̏стре̄б, ја̏стријеб

Latin script: jȁstrēb, jȁstrijeb

Slovene: jȃstreb (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jestřáb, jěstřáb

Czech: jestřáb

Polish: jastrząb

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: jastrzib

Slovincian: jastrzyb

Old Slovak: jastrab

Pannonian Rusyn: ястраб (jastrab)

Slovak: jastrab

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: jastśeb

Upper Sorbian: jatřob

Suggested from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ṓˀśuptrembas, possibly from *h₁ōḱú-pth₂r̥, from *h₂eḱ-us (“swift, fast”) + the zero grade of *pter- (“wing”), whence Ancient Greek ὠκύπτερος (ōkúpteros, “swift-winged (hawk or falcon)”), Latin accipiter (“hawk”), and from the first word in the compound, Sanskrit आशु (āśú), Latin ōcior, Ancient Greek ὠκύς (ōkús).


rakъ

ràkъ (canonical masculine)
a (accent-paradigm)
ràkъ (nominative singular)
ràka (dual nominative)
ràci (nominative plural)
ràka (genitive singular)
ràku (dual genitive)
ràkъ (genitive plural)
ràku (dative singular)
ràkoma (dative dual)
ràkomъ (dative plural)
ràkъ (accusative singular)
ràka (accusative dual)
ràky (accusative plural)
ràkъmь (instrumental singular)
ràkomь (instrumental singular)
ràkoma (dual instrumental)
ràkȳ (instrumental plural)
ràcě (locative singular)
ràku (dual locative)
ràcě̄xъ (locative plural)
ràče (singular vocative)
ràka (dual vocative)
ràci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ракъ (rakŭ)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: ракъ (rak)
Belarusian: рак (rak)
Carpathian Rusyn: рак (rak)
Ukrainian: рак (rak)

Russian: рак (rak)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: ракъ (rakŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱃⰰⰽⱏ (rakŭ)

Bulgarian: рак (rak)

Macedonian: рак (rak)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ра̏к

Latin script: rȁk

Slovene: rak

(Črni vrh, Idrija): rḁ̏k

West Slavic:

Old Czech: rak

Czech: rak

Bohemian (Chod dialect): rák

Kashubian: rek

Polish: rak

Slovak: rak

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: rak

Lower Sorbian: rak

Non-Slavic:

Baltic:

→? Old Prussian: rokis

→? Lithuanian: rõkis, rókis

→ Hungarian: rák

North Germanic:

→ Icelandic: rækja f

→ Faroese: rækja f

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: rækja f, ræka f

desc

→ Norwegian: (dialectal) ræk, reik, reikje f, ræg n

→ Norwegian Bokmål: reke m or f

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: reke f

→ Swedish: räka, räkior pl (1685)

→ Old Danish: rækæ

Danish: reje, ræge

→ Greenlandic: raaja

→ Romanian: rac

Disputed. According to one hypothesis, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *rṓˀkas, from Proto-Indo-European *wre-h₃kʷo-s (“looking backwards”), composed of the elements *wre- (“back”) (compare Latin re-) and *-h₃kʷ- (“looking, appearing”). Cognate with Old Prussian rokis (“crayfish”) and dialectal Lithuanian rõkis, rókis, but according to Derksen these are borrowings from Slavic. Compare instead Lithuanian érkė and Latvian ērce, both meaning “tick”. Alternatively, of substrate origin.


gromada

gromada (nominative singular)
gromadě (dual nominative)
gromady (nominative plural)
gromady (genitive singular)
gromadu (dual genitive)
gromadъ (genitive plural)
gromadě (dative singular)
gromadama (dative dual)
gromadamъ (dative plural)
gromadǫ (accusative singular)
gromadě (accusative dual)
gromady (accusative plural)
gromadojǫ (instrumental singular)
gromadǫ (instrumental singular)
gromadama (dual instrumental)
gromadami (instrumental plural)
gromadě (locative singular)
gromadu (dual locative)
gromadasъ (locative plural)
gromadaxъ (locative plural)
gromado (singular vocative)
gromadě (dual vocative)
gromady (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: грамада́ (hramadá)

Russian: грома́да (gromáda)

Carpathian Rusyn: грома́да (hromáda)

Ukrainian: грома́да (hromáda)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: грамада (gramada)

Bulgarian: грама́да (gramáda)

Macedonian: грамада (gramada)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: грома́да

Latin script: gromáda

Slovene: grmáda

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hromada

Czech: hromada

Polish: gromada

Slovak: hromada

Sorbian

Lower Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: hromada

→ Albanian: gërmadhë

→ Romanian: grămadă

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂gr-om-, from *h₂ger-. Cognate with Lithuanian grùmulas (“lump”), Proto-Indo-Iranian *grā́mas (“village, town, community”).


komarъ

komãrъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
komãrъ (nominative singular)
komārà (dual nominative)
komārì (nominative plural)
komārà (genitive singular)
komārù (dual genitive)
komãrъ (genitive plural)
komārù (dative singular)
komāròma (dative dual)
komāròmъ (dative plural)
komãrъ (accusative singular)
komārà (accusative dual)
komārỳ (accusative plural)
komārъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
komāròmь (instrumental singular)
komāròma (dual instrumental)
komãry (instrumental plural)
komārě̀ (locative singular)
komārù (dual locative)
komãrěxъ (locative plural)
komare (singular vocative)
komārà (dual vocative)
komārì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: комаръ (komarŭ)

Belarusian: кама́р (kamár)

desctree

Russian: кома́р (komár), кома́ръ (komár) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Yakut: кумаар (kumaar)
Dolgan: кумаар (kumaar)
→ Yiddish: קאָמאַר (komar)

Ukrainian: кома́р (komár)

Old East Slavic: *комарь (*komarĭ)

Russian: кома́рь (komárʹ) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: кома́рь (komárʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: комаръ (komarŭ), комарь (komarĭ)

Bulgarian: кома́р (komár)

Macedonian: комар (komar)

Serbo-Croatian: (dated)

Cyrillic script: ко̀ма̄р

Latin script: kòmār

Slovene: komár (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: komár

Old Polish: komar
Polish: komar

Slovak: komár

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: komar

Upper Sorbian: komor

Most likely from the onomatopoeic root Proto-Indo-European *komH- (“to hum”) + *-arъ. Brückner and Skok tentatively consider an original or-stem (perhaps Proto-Indo-European *komHṓr ~ *komHorés?) in view of archaic descendants with o-grade ending (e.g. Old Polish komor, komór).
Cognate with Lithuanian kamanė (“bumblebee”), Latvian kamene (“bumblebee”), Old Prussian camus (“bumblebee”) and akin via another root grade to Proto-Slavic *čьmeľь (“bumblebee”), Proto-Germanic *humelaz (“bumblebee”).


gadъ

gàdъ (canonical masculine)
a (accent-paradigm)
gàdъ (nominative singular)
gàda (dual nominative)
gàdi (nominative plural)
gàda (genitive singular)
gàdu (dual genitive)
gàdъ (genitive plural)
gàdu (dative singular)
gàdoma (dative dual)
gàdomъ (dative plural)
gàdъ (accusative singular)
gàda (accusative dual)
gàdy (accusative plural)
gàdъmь (instrumental singular)
gàdomь (instrumental singular)
gàdoma (dual instrumental)
gàdȳ (instrumental plural)
gàdě (locative singular)
gàdu (dual locative)
gàdě̄xъ (locative plural)
gàde (singular vocative)
gàda (dual vocative)
gàdi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гадъ (gadŭ)

Old Ruthenian: гадъ (had)

Belarusian: гад (had)

Carpathian Rusyn: гад (had)

Ukrainian: гад (had)

Russian: гад (gad)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: гадъ (gadŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰳⰰⰴⱏ (gadŭ)

Bulgarian: гад (gad) (standard); гат (gat) (dialectal)

Macedonian: гад (gad)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: га̏д

Latin script: gȁd

Slovene: gàd, gàda f

West Slavic:

Old Czech: had

Czech: had

Kashubian: gôd

Polabian: god

Polish: gad

Slovak: had

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: had

Lower Sorbian: gad

Commonly associated with Lithuanian gė́da (“shame”), Old Prussian gīdan (“shame, disgrace”), Proto-West Germanic *kwād (“dirt, mud; bad”), presumably from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₁dʰ- (“to defile”). Related native terms with root vowel *-y- (*gyda, *gydъkъ, etc.) evince for a possible obscure *-w- in the root, which gets assimilated by the labiovelar *gʷ- in non-zero grades: *gʷ(w)[e/o]H- ~ *gʷuH- + *-dʰ-. If right, then perhaps further akin to Proto-Slavic *govьno (“turd”), *gavědь (“unordered, disorganized group; wild stock”).
Less accepted hypotheses draw comparisons with Ancient Greek γάδος (gádos, “cod”), Latin gadus (“gadiform”) (whence English cod), often considered of substrate origin, or with Sanskrit नाग (nāgá, “serpent”) (per Machek).

der

→ reptile, serpent

→ bug, pest, vermin

creep (generic eerie or disgusting creature)

gvazdati

to stain, to waste; to slander, to babble nonsense


gojiti

gojìti (canonical)
gojenьje (noun-from-verb)
gojiti (infinitive)
gojitъ (supine)
gojilъ (l-participle)
gojenъ (participle passive past)
gojimъ (participle passive present)
gojь (active participle past)
goję (active participle present)
gojixъ (aorist first-person singular)
goji (aorist second-person singular)
goji (aorist singular third-person)
gojǫ (first-person present singular)
gojiši (present second-person singular)
gojitь (present singular third-person)
gojixově (aorist dual first-person)
gojista (aorist dual second-person)
gojiste (aorist dual third-person)
gojivě (dual first-person present)
gojita (dual present second-person)
gojite (dual present third-person)
gojixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gojiste (aorist plural second-person)
gojišę (aorist plural third-person)
gojimъ (first-person plural present)
gojite (plural present second-person)
gojętь (plural present third-person)
gojaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gojaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gojaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
goji (imperative second-person singular)
goji (imperative singular third-person)
gojaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gojaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gojaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gojivě (dual first-person imperative)
gojita (dual imperative second-person)
gojaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gojaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gojaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gojimъ (first-person imperative plural)
gojite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гоити (goiti)

Russian: го́ить (góitʹ)

Ukrainian: го́їти (hójity)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: гоя́ (gojá)

Macedonian: гои (goi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: го̀јити

Latin script: gòjiti

Slovene: gojīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hojiti

Czech: hojit

Polish: goić

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: gòjic

Slovincian: gôjic

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: hojić

Lower Sorbian: gójś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gájīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷoyh₃-éye-ti, causative of *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”).


žuriti

žurìti (canonical)
žuřenьje (noun-from-verb)
žuriti (infinitive)
žuritъ (supine)
žurilъ (l-participle)
žuřenъ (participle passive past)
žurimъ (participle passive present)
žuřь (active participle past)
žurę (active participle present)
žurixъ (aorist first-person singular)
žuri (aorist second-person singular)
žuri (aorist singular third-person)
žuřǫ (first-person present singular)
žuriši (present second-person singular)
žuritь (present singular third-person)
žurixově (aorist dual first-person)
žurista (aorist dual second-person)
žuriste (aorist dual third-person)
žurivě (dual first-person present)
žurita (dual present second-person)
žurite (dual present third-person)
žurixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
žuriste (aorist plural second-person)
žurišę (aorist plural third-person)
žurimъ (first-person plural present)
žurite (plural present second-person)
žurętь (plural present third-person)
žuřaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
žuřaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
žuřaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
žuri (imperative second-person singular)
žuri (imperative singular third-person)
žuřaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
žuřaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
žuřaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
žurivě (dual first-person imperative)
žurita (dual imperative second-person)
žuřaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
žuřaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
žuřaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
žurimъ (first-person imperative plural)
žurite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: журы́цца (žurýcca)

Russian: жури́ть (žurítʹ)

Ukrainian: жури́ти (žurýty)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жу́рити

Latin script: žúriti

Slovene: žúriti se (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: zuřit

Old Polish: żurzyć

Polish: żurzyć się (obsolete)

Slovak: žúriť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: zuriś

Often derived from Proto-Indo-European *gʰewro- and thus cognate with Sanskrit घोर (ghorá, “terrible, terrifying”), Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃 (gaurs, “sad”), 𐌲𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gaurjan), Old High German gōrag, Old Irish gúrе.
An alternative possibility is derivation from Proto-Indo-European *ǵewH- (“force, drive”) and thus cognate with Sanskrit जू (jū, “drive, impel, hurry”), Persian زود (zud, “quick, rapid”), and perhaps Old Norse keyra (“drive”).


boršьno

bȏršьno (canonical neuter)
c (accent-paradigm)
bȏršьno (nominative singular)
bȏršьně (dual nominative)
boršьnà (nominative plural)
bȏršьna (genitive singular)
boršьnù (dual genitive)
boršь̀nъ (genitive plural)
bȏršьnu (dative singular)
boršьnomà (dative dual)
boršьnòmъ (dative plural)
bȏršьno (accusative singular)
bȏršьně (accusative dual)
boršьnà (accusative plural)
bȏršьnъmь (instrumental singular)
bȏršьnomь (instrumental singular)
boršьnomà (dual instrumental)
boršьný (instrumental plural)
bȏršьně (locative singular)
boršьnù (dual locative)
boršьně̃xъ (locative plural)
boršьno (singular vocative)
bȏršьně (dual vocative)
boršьnà (plural vocative)

Jaroslav Rudnyckyj
Marko Snoj
Oleg Trubachyov
Rick Derksen
Vladimir I. Georgiev
ru:Аникин, Александр Евгеньевич
uk:Мельничук Олександр Савич

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: борошьно (borošĭno, “food (made with flour)”)

Old Ruthenian: бо́рошно (bórošno, “flour”)

Ukrainian: бо́рошно (bórošno, “flour”)

Russian: бо́рошно (bórošno, “rye flour”), борошня f (borošnja), брошно́ (brošnó) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: брашьно (brašĭno)

Glagolitic script: ⰱⱃⰰⱎⱐⱀⱁ (brašĭno)

Bulgarian: брашно́ (brašnó), (dialectal) бра́шно (brášno), бра́шну (brášnu)

Macedonian: брашно (brašno)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бра̏шно, бра̏шњо (dialectal)

Latin script: brȁšno, brȁšnjo (dialectal)

Slovene: brášnọ, bréšnọ, brȃšnja f

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *baršina, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰorsinóm n, from *bʰors-i(H)n- (“spike, prickle”), from *bʰers- (“top, tip, point”).
Cognate with Latvian barĩba (“food”), which is from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bar(š)-ība < *baršina; Latin fārīna f (“flour”), which is from Proto-Italic *farsīnā). Other cognates include Latin far n (“flour”), English barley, Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌹𐌶𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (barizeins, “barley”, adjective), Old Norse barr m (“grain”), Old Irish bairgen f (“bread, loaf”), Welsh bara (“bread”).


dolъ

dȍlъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
dȍlъ (nominative singular)
dȍla (dual nominative)
dȍli (nominative plural)
dȍla (genitive singular)
dolù (dual genitive)
dòlъ (genitive plural)
dȍlu (dative singular)
dolomà (dative dual)
dolòmъ (dative plural)
dȍlъ (accusative singular)
dȍla (accusative dual)
dȍly (accusative plural)
dȍlъmь (instrumental singular)
dȍlomь (instrumental singular)
dolomà (dual instrumental)
dolý (instrumental plural)
dȍlě (locative singular)
dolù (dual locative)
dolě̃xъ (locative plural)
dole (singular vocative)
dȍla (dual vocative)
dȍli (plural vocative)
c (accent-paradigm)
dȍlъ (nominative singular)
dȍly (dual nominative)
dȍlove (nominative plural)
dȍlu (genitive singular)
dolovù (dual genitive)
dolòvъ (genitive plural)
dȍlovi (dative singular)
dolъmà (dative dual)
dȍlъmъ (dative plural)
dȍlъ (accusative singular)
dȍly (accusative dual)
dȍly (accusative plural)
dȍlъmь (instrumental singular)
dolъmà (dual instrumental)
dolъmì (instrumental plural)
dolú (locative singular)
dolovù (dual locative)
dȍlъxъ (locative plural)
dolu (singular vocative)
dȍly (dual vocative)
dȍlove (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: долъ (dolŭ)

Old Ruthenian: долъ (dol)

Belarusian: дол (dol)

Ukrainian: діл (dil)

Russian: дол (dol)

South Slavic:

Church Slavonic: долъ (dolŭ)

Bulgarian: дол (dol)

Macedonian: дол (dol)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: до̑л, до̑

Latin script: dȏl, dȏ

Slovene: dọ̑ł, dȏł (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dól

Czech: důl

desctree

Old Polish: dół
Polish: dół
Silesian: dōł

Old Slovak: dol

Pannonian Rusyn: дол (dol) (obsolete)

Slovak: dol (archaic)

Polabian: döl

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: dół

Slovincian: dól

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: doł

Upper Sorbian: doł

Non-Slavic:

⇒ Romanian: dolie

Cognate with Proto-Germanic *dalą ~ *dalaz n or m (“valley”), Welsh dol f (“valley”), suggesting Proto-Indo-European *dʰól(h₂)os (“valley; vault, cavity”). Relation with Ancient Greek θόλος (thólos, “cavity”) or borrowing from Germanic is usually rejected.
The adverb was derived from the accusative of the noun.

inh

(North Slavic) bottom (low part of something)


dolъ

East Slavic:

desc

Russian: дол (dol, “begone!, out!”) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Macedonian: дол (dol) (dialectal)

Slovene: dól (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: důl (dialectal)

Slovak: dol (rare, poetic)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: doł (dated)


kosъ

kȍsъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
kȍsъ (nominative singular)
kȍsa (dual nominative)
kȍsi (nominative plural)
kȍsa (genitive singular)
kosù (dual genitive)
kòsъ (genitive plural)
kȍsu (dative singular)
kosomà (dative dual)
kosòmъ (dative plural)
kȍsъ (accusative singular)
kȍsa (accusative dual)
kȍsy (accusative plural)
kȍsъmь (instrumental singular)
kȍsomь (instrumental singular)
kosomà (dual instrumental)
kosý (instrumental plural)
kȍsě (locative singular)
kosù (dual locative)
kosě̃xъ (locative plural)
kose (singular vocative)
kȍsa (dual vocative)
kȍsi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: кос (kos) (archaic, dialectal)

Ukrainian: кіс (kis) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: кос (kos)

Macedonian: кос (kos)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ко̑с

Latin script: kȏs

Slovene: kọ̑s (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kos

Czech: kos

Polish: kos

Slovak: kos (dialectal)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kós

Lower Sorbian: kós

Per Derksen, probably from an earlier *kopsъ, related to Ancient Greek κόψιχος (kópsikhos), κόσσυφος (kóssuphos), although the variation in the Greek forms suggests a pre-Greek substratum word.


kosъ

kȍsъ (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
kosъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
kosa (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
koso (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
kosa (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
kosy (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
kosa (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
kosu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
kosě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
kosu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
kosъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
kosǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
koso (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
kosomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
kosojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
kosomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
kosě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
kosě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
kosě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
kose (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
koso (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
koso (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
kosa (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
kosě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
kosě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
kosu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
kosu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
kosu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
kosoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
kosama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
kosoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
kosa (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
kosě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
kosě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
kosoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
kosama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
kosoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
kosu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
kosu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
kosu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
kosa (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
kosě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
kosě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
kosi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
kosy (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
kosa (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
kosъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
kosъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
kosъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
kosomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
kosamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
kosomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
kosy (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
kosy (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
kosa (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
kosy (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
kosami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
kosy (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
kosěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
kosaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
kosěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
kosi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
kosy (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
kosa (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
c (accent-paradigm)
kosъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
kosaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
kosoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
kosajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
kosyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
kosajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
kosujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
kosěji (dative definite feminine singular)
kosujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
kosъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
kosǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
kosoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
kosyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
kosǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
kosyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
kosějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
kosěji (definite feminine locative singular)
kosějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
kosъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
kosaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
kosoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
kosaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
kosěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
kosěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
kosuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
kosuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
kosuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
kosyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
kosyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
kosyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
kosaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
kosěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
kosěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
kosyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
kosyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
kosyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
kosuju (definite dual locative masculine)
kosuju (definite dual feminine locative)
kosuju (definite dual locative neuter)
kosaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
kosěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
kosěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
kosiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
kosyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
kosaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
kosъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
kosъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
kosъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
kosyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
kosyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
kosyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
kosyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
kosyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
kosaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
kosyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
kosyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
kosyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
kosyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
kosyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
kosyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
kosiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
kosyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
kosaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *kosъ (hard, accent paradigm c)

Definite declension of *kosъ (hard, accent paradigm c)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: косъ (kosŭ)

Belarusian: ко́сы (kósy)

Russian: косо́й (kosój)

Ukrainian: ко́сий (kósyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: косъ (kosŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰽⱁⱄⱏ (kosŭ)

Bulgarian: ко́с (kós)

Macedonian: кос (kos)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ко̑с

Latin script: kȏs

Slovene: kọ̑s (tonal orthography) (archaic)

West Slavic:

Czech: kosý

Polish: kosy

Slovak: kosý

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: kosy

Upper Sorbian: kosy

Continues Proto-Indo-European *kosós (possibly Proto-Indo-European *kosús, based on the doublet *kosvenъ), from Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to scratch”) or depalatalized Proto-Indo-European *ḱes- (“to castrate, to prune”).


voskъ

vòskъ (canonical)
vȍskъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
vòskъ (nominative singular)
voskà (dual nominative)
voscì (nominative plural)
voskà (genitive singular)
voskù (dual genitive)
vòskъ (genitive plural)
voskù (dative singular)
voskòma (dative dual)
voskòmъ (dative plural)
vòskъ (accusative singular)
voskà (accusative dual)
voskỳ (accusative plural)
voskъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
voskòmь (instrumental singular)
voskòma (dual instrumental)
vòsky (instrumental plural)
voscě̀ (locative singular)
voskù (dual locative)
vòscěxъ (locative plural)
vošče (singular vocative)
voskà (dual vocative)
voscì (plural vocative)
c (accent-paradigm)
vȍskъ (nominative singular)
vȍska (dual nominative)
vȍsci (nominative plural)
vȍska (genitive singular)
voskù (dual genitive)
vòskъ (genitive plural)
vȍsku (dative singular)
voskomà (dative dual)
voskòmъ (dative plural)
vȍskъ (accusative singular)
vȍska (accusative dual)
vȍsky (accusative plural)
vȍskъmь (instrumental singular)
vȍskomь (instrumental singular)
voskomà (dual instrumental)
voský (instrumental plural)
vȍscě (locative singular)
voskù (dual locative)
voscě̃xъ (locative plural)
vošče (singular vocative)
vȍska (dual vocative)
vȍsci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: воскъ (voskŭ)

Old Ruthenian: воскъ (vosk)

Belarusian: во́ск (vósk)

Ukrainian: ві́ск (vísk)

Russian: во́ск (vósk)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: воскъ (voskŭ)

Glagolitic: ⰲⱁⱄⰽⱏ (voskŭ)

Bulgarian: восък (vosǎk)

Macedonian: восок (vosok)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: во̏сак

Latin script: vȍsak

Slovene: vọ̑sək (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vosk

Czech: vosk

Old Polish: wosk

Polish: wosk

Slovak: vosk

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wósk

Lower Sorbian: wósk


gatati

gatàti (canonical imperfective)
gatanьje (noun-from-verb)
gatati (infinitive)
gatatъ (supine)
gatalъ (l-participle)
gatanъ (participle passive past)
gatajemъ (participle passive present)
gatavъ (active participle past)
gataję (active participle present)
gataxъ (aorist first-person singular)
gata (aorist second-person singular)
gata (aorist singular third-person)
gatajǫ (first-person present singular)
gataješi (present second-person singular)
gatajetь (present singular third-person)
gataxově (aorist dual first-person)
gatasta (aorist dual second-person)
gataste (aorist dual third-person)
gatajevě (dual first-person present)
gatajeta (dual present second-person)
gatajete (dual present third-person)
gataxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gataste (aorist plural second-person)
gatašę (aorist plural third-person)
gatajemъ (first-person plural present)
gatajete (plural present second-person)
gatajǫtь (plural present third-person)
gataaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gataaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gataaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gataji (imperative second-person singular)
gataji (imperative singular third-person)
gataaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gataašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gataašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gatajivě (dual first-person imperative)
gatajita (dual imperative second-person)
gataaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gataašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gataaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gatajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
gatajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

⇒ Middle Russian: гатити (gatiti, “to invigorate, to speak excitedly”) (causative)

Russian: гатать (gatatʹ, “to speak crypticly”) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: гатати (gatati)

→ Old East Slavic: гатати (gatati, “to predict”)

Bulgarian: га́там (gátam, “to foretell”) (dialectal)

Macedonian: гата (gata)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: га́тати

Latin script: gátati

Slovene: gátati (tonal orthography) (rare)

West Slavic:

Old Polish: gatać

Traditionally linked to Proto-Indo-Iranian *gaHtʰás (“hymn”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾eh₃- (“to call, to sing”) + *-th₂ós, verbalized with native *-ati. Alternative interpretations suggest descent from *gʷet- (“to talk”) (whence Proto-Germanic *kweþaną (“to say”)).

affix

to tell, to recite, to narrate (Northern Slavic)

(by extension) to tell fortunes (South Slavic)


sěděti

sědě̀ti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
sěděnьje (noun-from-verb)
sěděti (infinitive)
sědětъ (supine)
sědělъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
sěděvъ (active participle past)
sědę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
sěděxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sědě (aorist second-person singular)
sědě (aorist singular third-person)
sěďǫ (first-person present singular)
sědiši (present second-person singular)
sěditь (present singular third-person)
sěděxově (aorist dual first-person)
sěděsta (aorist dual second-person)
sěděste (aorist dual third-person)
sědivě (dual first-person present)
sědita (dual present second-person)
sědite (dual present third-person)
sěděxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sěděste (aorist plural second-person)
sěděšę (aorist plural third-person)
sědimъ (first-person plural present)
sědite (plural present second-person)
sědętь (plural present third-person)
sěděaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sěděaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sěděaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sědi (imperative second-person singular)
sědi (imperative singular third-person)
sěděaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sěděašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sěděašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sědivě (dual first-person imperative)
sědita (dual imperative second-person)
sěděaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sěděašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sěděaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sědimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sědite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сѣдѣти (sěděti)

Belarusian: сядзе́ць (sjadzjécʹ)

Russian: сиде́ть (sidétʹ)

Ukrainian: сиді́ти (sydíty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сѣдѣти (sěděti)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱑⰴⱑⱅⰻ (sěděti)

Bulgarian: седя́ (sedjá)

Macedonian: се́ди (sédi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сѐдети, сјѐдјети/сјѐдити

Latin: sèdeti, sjèdjeti/sjèditi

Slovene: sedẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sěděti
Czech: sedět

desctree

Old Polish: siedzieć
Polish: siedzieć
Silesian: siedzieć

Slovak: sedieť

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: sedzec

Slovincian: sêdzec

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: sedźeć

Lower Sorbian: sejźeś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sēdḗˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *sed-éh₁-ye-ti, from *sed- by Winter's law, or directly from the lengthened Narten root *sḗd-.
Cognate with Latvian sēdēt, Lithuanian sėdėti.


žeťi

žeťì (canonical imperfective)
žegnǫti (perfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
žeženьje (noun-from-verb)
žeťi (infinitive)
žeťь (supine)
žeglъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
žeženъ (participle passive past)
žьgomъ (participle passive present)
žegъ (active participle past)
žьgy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
žegъ (aorist first-person singular)
žegoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
žeže (aorist second-person singular)
žeže (aorist singular third-person)
žьgǫ (first-person present singular)
žьžeši (present second-person singular)
žьžetь (present singular third-person)
žegově (aorist dual first-person)
žegoxově (aorist dual first-person)
žegeta (aorist dual second-person)
žegosta (aorist dual second-person)
žegete (aorist dual third-person)
žegoste (aorist dual third-person)
žьževě (dual first-person present)
žьžeta (dual present second-person)
žьžete (dual present third-person)
žegomъ (aorist first-person plural)
žegoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
žegete (aorist plural second-person)
žegoste (aorist plural second-person)
žegǫ (aorist plural third-person)
žegošę (aorist plural third-person)
žьžemъ (first-person plural present)
žьžete (plural present second-person)
žьgǫtь (plural present third-person)
žьžaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
žьžaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
žьžaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
žьdzi (imperative second-person singular)
žьdzi (imperative singular third-person)
žьžaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
žьžaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
žьžaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
žьdzěvě (dual first-person imperative)
žьdzěta (dual imperative second-person)
žьžaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
žьžaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
žьžaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
žьdzěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
žьdzěte (imperative plural second-person)
c (accent-paradigm)
žeženьje (noun-from-verb)
žeťi (infinitive)
žeťь (supine)
žeglъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
žeženъ (participle passive past)
žegomъ (participle passive present)
žegъ (active participle past)
žegy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
žegъ (aorist first-person singular)
žegoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
žeže (aorist second-person singular)
žeže (aorist singular third-person)
žegǫ (first-person present singular)
žežeši (present second-person singular)
žežetь (present singular third-person)
žegově (aorist dual first-person)
žegoxově (aorist dual first-person)
žegeta (aorist dual second-person)
žegosta (aorist dual second-person)
žegete (aorist dual third-person)
žegoste (aorist dual third-person)
žeževě (dual first-person present)
žežeta (dual present second-person)
žežete (dual present third-person)
žegomъ (aorist first-person plural)
žegoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
žegete (aorist plural second-person)
žegoste (aorist plural second-person)
žegǫ (aorist plural third-person)
žegošę (aorist plural third-person)
žežemъ (first-person plural present)
žežete (plural present second-person)
žegǫtь (plural present third-person)
žežaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
žežaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
žežaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
žьdzi (imperative second-person singular)
žьdzi (imperative singular third-person)
žežaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
žežaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
žežaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
žьdzěvě (dual first-person imperative)
žьdzěta (dual imperative second-person)
žežaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
žežaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
žežaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
žьdzěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
žьdzěte (imperative plural second-person)
c (accent-paradigm)
žeženьje (noun-from-verb)
žeťi (infinitive)
žeťь (supine)
žeglъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
žeženъ (participle passive past)
žegomъ (participle passive present)
žegъ (active participle past)
žegy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
žaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
žeže (aorist second-person singular)
žeže (aorist singular third-person)
žegǫ (first-person present singular)
žežeši (present second-person singular)
žežetь (present singular third-person)
žaxově (aorist dual first-person)
žasta (aorist dual second-person)
žaste (aorist dual third-person)
žeževě (dual first-person present)
žežeta (dual present second-person)
žežete (dual present third-person)
žaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
žaste (aorist plural second-person)
žašę (aorist plural third-person)
žežemъ (first-person plural present)
žežete (plural present second-person)
žegǫtь (plural present third-person)
žežaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
žežaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
žežaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
žьdzi (imperative second-person singular)
žьdzi (imperative singular third-person)
žežaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
žežaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
žežaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
žьdzěvě (dual first-person imperative)
žьdzěta (dual imperative second-person)
žežaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
žežaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
žežaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
žьdzěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
žьdzěte (imperative plural second-person)

Marko Snoj
Rick Derksen
cs:Český etymologický slovník

East Slavic:

Belarusian: джгаць (džhacʹ)

Russian: жечь (žečʹ)

Ukrainian: жегчи́ (žehčý) (dated), жегти́ (žehtý) (dated)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

q

Cyrillic: жещи (žešti) (both 1p. sg. pres. жегѫ (žegǫ) and жьгѫ (žĭgǫ) are attested)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: жежа́ (žežá), dial. же́гам (žégam)

Macedonian: жеже (žeže)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жѐћи

Latin script: žèći

Slovene: žgáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: žéci

desc

Czech: žéci (obsolete), žíci (obsolete), ⇒ žhnout

Old Polish: żec

Polish: żec (obsolete), dźgać, żgać

⇒ Silesian: żgać

From earlier *gegti, reflecting an irregular change *d > *g from *degti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *degtéi, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰégʷʰeti. Cognate with Lithuanian dègti, Latvian degt, Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰáǰʰati, Albanian djeg.
The assimilation *d-g- > *g-g- in Slavic probably have spread from the 0-grade forms, which created a similar environment to the so-called thorn clusters in Proto-Indo-European. Compare the descendants of Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰey- (“to dwindle, to perish”).


bajati

bàjati (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
bajanьje (noun-from-verb)
bajati (infinitive)
bajatъ (supine)
bajalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
bajanъ (participle passive past)
bajemъ (participle passive present)
bajavъ (active participle past)
baję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
bajaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
baja (aorist second-person singular)
baja (aorist singular third-person)
bajǫ (first-person present singular)
baješi (present second-person singular)
bajetь (present singular third-person)
bajaxově (aorist dual first-person)
bajasta (aorist dual second-person)
bajaste (aorist dual third-person)
bajevě (dual first-person present)
bajeta (dual present second-person)
bajete (dual present third-person)
bajaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bajaste (aorist plural second-person)
bajašę (aorist plural third-person)
bajemъ (first-person plural present)
bajete (plural present second-person)
bajǫtь (plural present third-person)
bajaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bajaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bajaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
baji (imperative second-person singular)
baji (imperative singular third-person)
bajaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bajaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bajaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bajivě (dual first-person imperative)
bajita (dual imperative second-person)
bajaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bajaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bajaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: баꙗти (bajati)

Belarusian: ба́яць (bájacʹ)

Russian: ба́ять (bájatʹ) (archaic)

Ukrainian: ба́яти (bájaty) (archaic)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ба́я (bája)

Macedonian: бае (bae)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ба̏јати

Latin script: bȁjati

Slovene: bájati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: bájit

Old Polish: bajać

Polish: bajać (literary)

Kashubian: bajac

Slovincian: bajac

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: bać

Lower Sorbian: bajaś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *bā́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéh₂ti.


zemľa

zemľà (canonical feminine)
b (accent-paradigm)
zemľà (nominative singular)
zèmľi (dual nominative)
zemľę̇̀ (nominative plural)
zemľę̇̀ (genitive singular)
zemľù (dual genitive)
zèmľь (genitive plural)
zemľì (dative singular)
zemľàma (dative dual)
zemľàmъ (dative plural)
zemľǫ̀ (accusative singular)
zèmľi (accusative dual)
zemľę̇̀ (accusative plural)
zemľèjǫ (instrumental singular)
zèmľǫ (instrumental singular)
zemľàma (dual instrumental)
zemľàmī (instrumental plural)
zemľì (locative singular)
zemľù (dual locative)
zemľàsъ (locative plural)
zemľàxъ (locative plural)
zemľe (singular vocative)
zèmľi (dual vocative)
zemľę̇̀ (plural vocative)
c (accent-paradigm)
zemľà (nominative singular)
zȅmľi (dual nominative)
zȅmľę̇ (nominative plural)
zemľę̇́ (genitive singular)
zemľù (dual genitive)
zèmľь (genitive plural)
zemľì (dative singular)
zemľàma (dative dual)
zemľàmъ (dative plural)
zȅmľǫ (accusative singular)
zȅmľi (accusative dual)
zȅmľę̇ (accusative plural)
zemľejǫ́ (instrumental singular)
zemľàma (dual instrumental)
zemľàmi (instrumental plural)
zȅmľī (locative singular)
zemľù (dual locative)
zemľàsъ (locative plural)
zemľàxъ (locative plural)
zemľe (singular vocative)
zȅmľi (dual vocative)
zȅmľę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: землꙗ (zemlja)
Old Ruthenian: землꙗ́ (zemljá)
Belarusian: зямля́ (zjamljá)
Carpathian Rusyn: земля́ (zemljá)
Ukrainian: земля́ (zemljá)
Russian: земля́ (zemljá)

Old Novgorodian: ꙁемлꙗ (zemlja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: землꙗ (zemlja)

Glagolitic script: ⰸⰵⰿⰾⱑ (zemlě)

Bulgarian: земя́ (zemjá)

Macedonian: земја (zemja)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: зѐмља

Latin: zèmlja

Slovene: zémlja (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: země
Czech: země

Old Polish: ziemia
Polish: ziemia
Silesian: ziymia

Polabian: zim’ă

Pannonian Rusyn: жем (žem)

Slovak: zem

→? Carpathian Rusyn: зем (zem)

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: zemia

Slovincian: zêmja

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: zemja

Upper Sorbian: zemja

With epenthetic */l/ from earlier *zemja, from *zemь + *-ja, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źémē, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰðʰem- (given as *dʰǵʰ-em- in Derksen), the thorn-variant accusative singular of *dʰéǵʰōm.
Cognate with Lithuanian žẽmė (“earth”), Latvian zeme (“earth”), Old Prussian semmē (“earth”) ( = zemē, with s due to German orthography), Lithuanian žẽmas (“low”), Latvian zems (“low”), Avestan 𐬰𐬃 (zā̊, “earth”), (acc. 𐬰𐬆𐬨 (zəm)), Sanskrit क्ष (kṣá, “earth”), Persian زمین (zamin, “earth”), Ancient Greek χθών (khthṓn, “earth”), Hittite [script needed] (tēkan, “earth”) (gen. [script needed] (taknas)), Latin humus (“ground”), Ancient Greek χαμαί (khamaí, “on the ground”).


němьcь

němьcь (nominative singular)
němьca (dual nominative)
němьci (nominative plural)
němьca (genitive singular)
němьcu (dual genitive)
němьcь (genitive plural)
němьcu (dative singular)
němьcema (dative dual)
němьcemъ (dative plural)
němьcь (accusative singular)
němьca (accusative dual)
němьcę̇ (accusative plural)
němьcьmь (instrumental singular)
němьcemь (instrumental singular)
němьcema (dual instrumental)
němьci (instrumental plural)
němьci (locative singular)
němьcu (dual locative)
němьcixъ (locative plural)
němьče (singular vocative)
němьca (dual vocative)
němьci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: нѣмьць (němĭcĭ)

desc

Old Ruthenian: нѣмецъ (němecʹ), нѣмець (němecʹ)

Belarusian: не́мец (njémjec)

Ukrainian: ні́мець (nímecʹ)

Russian: не́мец (némec)

Old Novgorodian: нѣмьць (němĭcĭ), нимьць (nimĭcĭ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: нѣмьць (němĭcĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱀⱑⰿⱐⱌⱐ (němĭcĭ)

Bulgarian: немец (nemec)

Macedonian: Немец (Nemec)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: Не́мац, Није́мац

Latin script: Némac, Nijémac

Slovene: Nẹ́məc (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: Němec

Kashubian: Miemc

Lower Sorbian: Nimc

Polish: Niemiec

Silesian: Mjymjec

Slovak: Nemec

Upper Sorbian: Němc

Non-Slavic:

→ German: Nimptsch (surname with many variants)

→ Hungarian: német

→ Ottoman Turkish: نمچه (nemçe) (see there for further descendants)

→ Persian: نمسا (namsâ)

→ Romanian: neamț

From *němъ (“mute”) + *-ьcь. The word therefore meant "someone unable to speak [Slavic]"; however, some hypotheses hold this was an observation on the relative stoic personalities of some Germanic tribesmen.

specifically, a member of the Germanic peoples


-ьcь

-ьcь (nominative singular)
-ьca (dual nominative)
-ьci (nominative plural)
-ьca (genitive singular)
-ьcu (dual genitive)
-ьcь (genitive plural)
-ьcu (dative singular)
-ьcema (dative dual)
-ьcemъ (dative plural)
-ьcь (accusative singular)
-ьca (accusative dual)
-ьcę̇ (accusative plural)
-ьcьmь (instrumental singular)
-ьcemь (instrumental singular)
-ьcema (dual instrumental)
-ьci (instrumental plural)
-ьci (locative singular)
-ьcu (dual locative)
-ьcixъ (locative plural)
-ьče (singular vocative)
-ьca (dual vocative)
-ьci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: -ьць (-ĭcĭ)

Old Ruthenian: -ець (-ecʹ), -ецъ (-ecʹ)

Belarusian: -ец (-jec)

Ukrainian: -ець (-ecʹ)

Russian: -ец (-ec)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: -ьць (-ĭcĭ)

Glagolitic: -ⱐⱌⱐ (-ĭcĭ)

Bulgarian: -ец (-ec)

Macedonian: -ец (-ec)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -ац, -ец (Kajkavian)

Latin script: -ac, -ec (Kajkavian)

Slovene: -ec

West Slavic:

Czech: -ec

Kashubian: -c

Polabian: -ăc

Polish: -iec, -ec

Slovak: -ec

From earlier *-ьkъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ikas, from Proto-Indo-European *-ikos.
Cognate with Lithuanian -ikas, -ikis in siuvikas, siuvikis (< siūti, siùvo), piovikas (“reaper”) (< piáuti, pióvė).
Cognate with Lithuanian -ingas, Latvian -īgs, Proto-Germanic *-igaz, Latin -icus, Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós). Typically, these suffixes fulfill adjectival function (similar to Proto-Slavic *-ьnъ), however, sometimes their derivatives could also act as nominals like in Slavic.
Comparison with other languages points to the antiquity of denominal formations, which are most likely substantivized adjectives.

rogъ (“horn”) + *-ьcь → *rožьcь (“a small horn”)

obolkъ (“cloud”) + *-ьcь → *obolčьcь (“a small cloud”)

gordъ (“city, town”) + *-ьcь → *gordьcь (“a small town”)

starъ (“old”) + *-ьcь → *starьcь (“an old man”)

mǫdrъ (“wise”) + *-ьcь → *mǫdrьcь (“a wise man”)

bordatъ (“bearded”) + *-ьcь → *bordatьcь (“a bearded man”)

(added to adjectives) nominalizer, person

šiti (“to sew”) + *-ьcь → *šьvьcь (“sewer, seamster”)

plęsati (“to dance”) + *-ьcь → *plęsьcь (“dancer”)

loviti (“to hunt”) + *-ьcь → *lovьcь (“hunter”)

gǫsti (“to play a string instrument”) + *-ьcь → *gǫdьcь (“musician”)


němъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *němъ (hard)

Definite declension of *němъ (hard)

němъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
něma (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
němo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
něma (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
němy (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
něma (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
němu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
němě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
němu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
němъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
němǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
němo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
němomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
němojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
němomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
němě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
němě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
němě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
něme (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
němo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
němo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
něma (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
němě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
němě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
němu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
němu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
němu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
němoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
němama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
němoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
něma (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
němě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
němě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
němoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
němama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
němoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
němu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
němu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
němu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
něma (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
němě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
němě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
němi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
němy (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
něma (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
němъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
němъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
němъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
němomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
němamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
němomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
němy (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
němy (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
něma (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
němy (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
němami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
němy (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
něměxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
němaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
něměxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
němi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
němy (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
něma (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
němъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
němaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
němoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
němajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
němyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
němajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
němujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
něměji (dative definite feminine singular)
němujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
němъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
němǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
němoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
němyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
němǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
němyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
němějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
něměji (definite feminine locative singular)
němějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
němъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
němaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
němoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
němaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
něměji (definite dual feminine nominative)
něměji (definite dual neuter nominative)
němuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
němuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
němuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
němyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
němyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
němyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
němaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
něměji (accusative definite dual feminine)
něměji (accusative definite dual neuter)
němyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
němyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
němyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
němuju (definite dual locative masculine)
němuju (definite dual feminine locative)
němuju (definite dual locative neuter)
němaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
něměji (definite dual feminine vocative)
něměji (definite dual neuter vocative)
němiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
němyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
němaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
němъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
němъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
němъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
němyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
němyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
němyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
němyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
němyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
němaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
němyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
němyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
němyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
němyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
němyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
němyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
němiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
němyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
němaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: нѣмъ (němŭ)

Belarusian: нямы́ (njamý)

desctree

Russian: немо́й (nemój), нѣмо́й (němój) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Votic: nʹemoi

Ukrainian: німи́й (nimýj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: нѣмъ (němŭ)

Glagolitic: ⱀⱑⰿⱏ (němŭ)

Bulgarian: ням (njam)

Macedonian: нем (nem)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: не̑м, није̑м

Latin: nȇm, nijȇm

Slovene: nẹ̑m (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: němý

Czech: němý

Old Polish: niemy

Polish: niemy

Silesian: niymy

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: niemi

Slovincian: njemy

Slovak: nemý

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: němy

Lower Sorbian: nimy

Other:

→ Hungarian: néma

* From dissimilation of earlier *měmъ.
: Compare Latvian mēms (“dumb, mute, silent”), Old Polish omienieć (“to become dumb”), Latin mūtus (“mute, dumb, silent”), Ancient Greek μῖμος (mîmos, “mime, actor”), German mummeln, English mumble, Swedish mumla.
* From *ne- + *-ьmъ > *ne-emъ / *ne-jьmъ.
: Compare *ku- + *jьm-, *jьmǫ, *ęti > *kujьmъ (> Russian ку́и́м (kúím, “deaf-mute; tongue-tied man; silent man;”)). Latvian mēms is possibly borrowing from Slavic with assimilation n-m > m-m.

cog

unclear or incomprehensible speaker, muttering, mammering