grędь

grę̑dь (canonical feminine)
c (accent-paradigm)
grę̑dь (nominative singular)
grę̑di (dual nominative)
grę̑di (nominative plural)
grędí (genitive singular)
grędьjù (dual genitive)
grędь̀jь (genitive plural)
grę̑di (dative singular)
grędьmà (dative dual)
grę̑dьmъ (dative plural)
grę̑dь (accusative singular)
grę̑di (accusative dual)
grę̑di (accusative plural)
grędьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
grędьmà (dual instrumental)
grędьmì (instrumental plural)
grędí (locative singular)
grędьjù (dual locative)
grę̑dьxъ (locative plural)
grędi (singular vocative)
grę̑di (dual vocative)
grę̑di (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: гред (gred, “landmark within a field”) (archaic)

⇒ Romanian: grind (“hill”)

⇒ Hungarian: gerend (“mound”)


goře

gȍře (canonical neuter)
c (accent-paradigm)
gȍře (nominative singular)
gȍři (dual nominative)
gořà (nominative plural)
gȍřa (genitive singular)
gořù (dual genitive)
gòřь (genitive plural)
gȍřu (dative singular)
gořemà (dative dual)
gořémъ (dative plural)
gȍře (accusative singular)
gȍři (accusative dual)
gořà (accusative plural)
gȍřьmь (instrumental singular)
gȍřemь (instrumental singular)
gořemà (dual instrumental)
goří (instrumental plural)
gȍři (locative singular)
gořù (dual locative)
goříxъ (locative plural)
gȍře (singular vocative)
gȍři (dual vocative)
gořà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: го́ра (hóra)

Russian: го́ре (góre)

Ukrainian: го́ре (hóre)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: гор҄е (gorʹe)

Slovene: gorjẹ̑ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: hoře

Old Polish: gorze

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: góŕe


gǫšča

gǫ̃šča (canonical feminine)
b (accent-paradigm)
gǫ̃šča (nominative singular)
gǫ̃šči (dual nominative)
gǫ̃ščę̇ (nominative plural)
gǫ̃ščę̇ (genitive singular)
gǫ̃šču (dual genitive)
gǫ̃ščь (genitive plural)
gǫ̃šči (dative singular)
gǫ̃ščama (dative dual)
gǫ̃ščamъ (dative plural)
gǫ̃ščǫ (accusative singular)
gǫ̃šči (accusative dual)
gǫ̃ščę̇ (accusative plural)
gǫ̃ščejǫ (instrumental singular)
gǫ̃ščǫ (instrumental singular)
gǫ̃ščama (dual instrumental)
gǫ̃ščamī (instrumental plural)
gǫ̃šči (locative singular)
gǫ̃šču (dual locative)
gǫ̃ščasъ (locative plural)
gǫ̃ščaxъ (locative plural)
gǫšče (singular vocative)
gǫ̃šči (dual vocative)
gǫ̃ščę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: гу́ща (gúšča)

Ukrainian: гу́ща (húšča)

Belarusian: гушча (hušča)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гу̏шта

Latin script: gȕšta

Slovene: gọ́šča (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: houšť

Slovak: húšť

Deadjectival form of *gǫstъ (“dense”) + *-ja or a nomen acti of *gǫstiti (“to condense”) + *-ja.


gonъ

gònъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
gònъ (nominative singular)
gonà (dual nominative)
gonì (nominative plural)
gonà (genitive singular)
gonù (dual genitive)
gònъ (genitive plural)
gonù (dative singular)
gonòma (dative dual)
gonòmъ (dative plural)
gònъ (accusative singular)
gonà (accusative dual)
gonỳ (accusative plural)
gonъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
gonòmь (instrumental singular)
gonòma (dual instrumental)
gòny (instrumental plural)
goně̀ (locative singular)
gonù (dual locative)
gòněxъ (locative plural)
gone (singular vocative)
gonà (dual vocative)
gonì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гонъ (gonŭ)

Russian: гон (gon)

South Slavic:

Slovene: gȍn (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: hon

Kashubian: góń

Old Polish: gon

Polish: gon

Silesian: gōn

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰón-o-s, from *gʷʰen- (“to slay, strike”). Cognate to Ancient Greek φόνος (phónos, “murder”) and Sanskrit घन (ghaná, “destroyer, murderer; slaying, murder”).


gospoďa

gospoďa (nominative singular)
gospoďi (dual nominative)
gospoďę̇ (nominative plural)
gospoďę̇ (genitive singular)
gospoďu (dual genitive)
gospoďь (genitive plural)
gospoďi (dative singular)
gospoďama (dative dual)
gospoďamъ (dative plural)
gospoďǫ (accusative singular)
gospoďi (accusative dual)
gospoďę̇ (accusative plural)
gospoďejǫ (instrumental singular)
gospoďǫ (instrumental singular)
gospoďama (dual instrumental)
gospoďami (instrumental plural)
gospoďi (locative singular)
gospoďu (dual locative)
gospoďasъ (locative plural)
gospoďaxъ (locative plural)
gospoďe (singular vocative)
gospoďi (dual vocative)
gospoďę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: госпожа (gospoža)

desc

Old Ruthenian: госпожа́ (hospožá), господжа́ (hospodžá), оспожа́ (ospožá)

Ukrainian: госпожа́ (hospožá) (obsolete, archaic)

Russian: госпожа́ (gospožá)

→ Bulgarian: госпожа́ (gospožá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: госпожда (gospožda)

Glagolitic script: ⰳⱁⱄⱂⱁⰶⰴⰰ (gospožda)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: го̏спођа

Latin script: gȍspođa

Slovene: gospá (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Polish: gospodza

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: hospoza

Lower Sorbian: góspoza

Marko Snoj
be:Аркадзь Іосіфавіч Жураўскі
uk:Гринчишин Дмитро Григорович


glazъ

glȃzъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
glȃzъ (nominative singular)
glȃza (dual nominative)
glȃzi (nominative plural)
glȃza (genitive singular)
glazù (dual genitive)
glãzъ (genitive plural)
glȃzu (dative singular)
glazomà (dative dual)
glazòmъ (dative plural)
glȃzъ (accusative singular)
glȃza (accusative dual)
glȃzy (accusative plural)
glȃzъmь (instrumental singular)
glȃzomь (instrumental singular)
glazomà (dual instrumental)
glazý (instrumental plural)
glȃzě (locative singular)
glazù (dual locative)
glazě̃xъ (locative plural)
glaze (singular vocative)
glȃza (dual vocative)
glȃzi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: глазъ (glazŭ, “ball; eye”)

Middle Russian: глазъ (glaz, “eye”)

Russian: глаз (glaz, “eye”)

→ Ukrainian: глаз (hlaz, “eye”) (slang)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: глазъ (hlaz, “eye”)
Belarusian: глаз (hlaz, “eye”) (dialectal)

⇒ Old Ruthenian: Глаз (Hlaz) (proper name)

⇒ Middle Russian: Глаз (Glaz), Глазъ (Glaz), Глазко (Glazko) (proper name)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: *глаз (*glaz, “big stone”) (dialectal)

⇒ Bulgarian: Гла́зо (Glázo) (given name); Гла́зов (Glázov) (surname)

⇒ Macedonian: Глас (Glas, “Rock”) (toponym)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hlaz (“eye”)

desc

Old Polish: głaz (“river boulder; pebbles, coarse sand”)

Polish: głaz (“boulder; large rock”)

⇒ Polish: Głaz (surname)

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gleǵ- (“round, spherical, stone”).
Possible cognate Russian Church Slavonic глезнъ (gleznŭ, “ankle, heel”) (from Proto-Slavic *gleznъ (“ankle”), from pre-Slavic *gleǵn-) and Old Norse klakkr (“bump, hillock”), Norwegian klakk, dial. Swedish klakk (“heel (shoe); knoll in the field”), Middle High German klac (“a bang, crack, split”) (from pre-Germanic *gloǵno-). Also compare Sanskrit ग्लह m (glaha, “gaming, dice”).


gryža

grỳža (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
grỳža (nominative singular)
grỳži (dual nominative)
grỳžę̇ (nominative plural)
grỳžę̇ (genitive singular)
grỳžu (dual genitive)
grỳžь (genitive plural)
grỳžī (dative singular)
grỳžama (dative dual)
grỳžāmъ (dative plural)
grỳžǫ (accusative singular)
grỳži (accusative dual)
grỳžę̇ (accusative plural)
grỳžējǫ (instrumental singular)
grỳžǭ (instrumental singular)
grỳžama (dual instrumental)
grỳžāmī (instrumental plural)
grỳžī (locative singular)
grỳžu (dual locative)
grỳžāsъ (locative plural)
grỳže (singular vocative)
grỳži (dual vocative)
grỳžę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: гры́жа (hrýža)

Russian: гры́жа (grýža)

Russian: гри́жа (gríža, “sorrow”) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: гри́жа (hrýža)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: гри́жа (gríža, “concern, worry”)

→ Romanian: grijă (“concern, worry”)

Macedonian: грижа (griža, “concern, worry”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гри̏жа

Latin script: grȉža

Slovene: grȋža (tonal orthography)

Nomen acti of *gryzti (“to gnaw”) + *-ja.

→ dysentery, hernia

physical discomfort, pain (usually in the stomach)


grъmъ

grъ̏mъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
grъ̏mъ (nominative singular)
grъ̏ma (dual nominative)
grъ̏mi (nominative plural)
grъ̏ma (genitive singular)
grъmù (dual genitive)
grъ̀mъ (genitive plural)
grъ̏mu (dative singular)
grъmomà (dative dual)
grъmòmъ (dative plural)
grъ̏mъ (accusative singular)
grъ̏ma (accusative dual)
grъ̏my (accusative plural)
grъ̏mъmь (instrumental singular)
grъ̏momь (instrumental singular)
grъmomà (dual instrumental)
grъmý (instrumental plural)
grъ̏mě (locative singular)
grъmù (dual locative)
grъmě̃xъ (locative plural)
grъme (singular vocative)
grъ̏ma (dual vocative)
grъ̏mi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гръмъ (grŭmŭ), громъ (gromŭ)

Russian: гром (grom)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: гръмъ (grŭmŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰳⱃⱏⰿⱏ (grŭmŭ)

Bulgarian: гръм (grǎm)

Serbo-Croatian: gȓm

Serbo-Croatian: gȑm (Chakavian)

Slovene: gȓm (tonal orthography)

Supposed to be from an earlier *grъdmъ, from the 0-grade of *gruda (“pile, heap”) + *-mъ. Possibly akin to Lithuanian graũmenys pl (“thicket”).


granь

grȃnь (canonical feminine)
c (accent-paradigm)
grȃnь (nominative singular)
grȃni (dual nominative)
grȃni (nominative plural)
graní (genitive singular)
granьjù (dual genitive)
granь̀jь (genitive plural)
grȃni (dative singular)
granьmà (dative dual)
grȃnьmъ (dative plural)
grȃnь (accusative singular)
grȃni (accusative dual)
grȃni (accusative plural)
granьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
granьmà (dual instrumental)
granьmì (instrumental plural)
graní (locative singular)
granьjù (dual locative)
grȃnьxъ (locative plural)
grani (singular vocative)
grȃni (dual vocative)
grȃni (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: грань (granʹ)

Ukrainian: грань (hranʹ, “corner”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: грань (granĭ)

q

Bulgarian: гран (gran, “Quercus frainetto”) (dialectal, usually used as an appellative)

West Slavic:

Polish: grań

Originally a nomen acti of *graniti (“to branch”) + *-nь, later concretized as the result of this action. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrān- (“edge, end, tip”), see also Welsh gran (“eyelid”), Breton grann (“brow, eyebrow”), Old Irish grend.


granь

c (accent-paradigm)
grȃnь (nominative singular)
grȃni (dual nominative)
grȃni (nominative plural)
graní (genitive singular)
granьjù (dual genitive)
granь̀jь (genitive plural)
grȃni (dative singular)
granьmà (dative dual)
grȃnьmъ (dative plural)
grȃnь (accusative singular)
grȃni (accusative dual)
grȃni (accusative plural)
granьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
granьmà (dual instrumental)
granьmì (instrumental plural)
graní (locative singular)
granьjù (dual locative)
grȃnьxъ (locative plural)
grani (singular vocative)
grȃni (dual vocative)
grȃni (plural vocative)

A fossilized dialectal form of *grěnь (“gnawing”), from *grěti (“to heat, to burn”) + *-nь; perhaps amalgamated with *gornь (“burning”), from *gorěti (“to burn”) + *-nь.


gorďa

gõrďa (canonical feminine)
b (accent-paradigm)
gõrďa (nominative singular)
gõrďi (dual nominative)
gõrďę̇ (nominative plural)
gõrďę̇ (genitive singular)
gõrďu (dual genitive)
gõrďь (genitive plural)
gõrďi (dative singular)
gõrďama (dative dual)
gõrďamъ (dative plural)
gõrďǫ (accusative singular)
gõrďi (accusative dual)
gõrďę̇ (accusative plural)
gõrďejǫ (instrumental singular)
gõrďǫ (instrumental singular)
gõrďama (dual instrumental)
gõrďamī (instrumental plural)
gõrďi (locative singular)
gõrďu (dual locative)
gõrďasъ (locative plural)
gõrďaxъ (locative plural)
gorďe (singular vocative)
gõrďi (dual vocative)
gõrďę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: горо́жа (goróža)

Belarusian: гаро́жа (haróža)

(Drahichyn): горо́джа (horódža)

Russian: горо́жа (goróža)

Ukrainian: горо́жа (horóža)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гра̑ђа

Latin script: grȃđa

(Chakavian): grãja

Slovene: grāja (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hrázě

Czech: hráz

Polish: grodza

Slovak: hrádza

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gárdjāˀ. Perhaps with borrowing in Proto-Mordvinic *kardə; Erzya кардо (kardo, “stable”), Moksha карда (karda, “stable”)?
Apparently, this form confirms the barytone accent paradigm in the form *gárdas (“enclosure”), which was reconstructed on the basis of a small material.


gnědъ

gně̑dъ (canonical)
gnědъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
gněda (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
gnědo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
gněda (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
gnědy (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
gněda (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
gnědu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
gnědě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
gnědu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
gnědъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
gnědǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
gnědo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
gnědomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
gnědojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
gnědomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
gnědě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
gnědě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
gnědě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
gněde (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
gnědo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
gnědo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
gněda (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
gnědě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
gnědě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
gnědu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
gnědu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
gnědu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
gnědoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
gnědama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
gnědoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
gněda (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
gnědě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
gnědě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
gnědoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
gnědama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
gnědoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
gnědu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
gnědu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
gnědu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
gněda (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
gnědě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
gnědě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
gnědi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
gnědy (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
gněda (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
gnědъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
gnědъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
gnědъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
gnědomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
gnědamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
gnědomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
gnědy (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
gnědy (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
gněda (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
gnědy (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
gnědami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
gnědy (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
gněděxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
gnědaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
gněděxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
gnědi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
gnědy (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
gněda (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
gnědъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
gnědaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
gnědoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
gnědajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
gnědyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
gnědajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
gnědujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
gněději (dative definite feminine singular)
gnědujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
gnědъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
gnědǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
gnědoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
gnědyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
gnědǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
gnědyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
gnědějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
gněději (definite feminine locative singular)
gnědějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
gnědъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
gnědaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
gnědoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
gnědaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
gněději (definite dual feminine nominative)
gněději (definite dual neuter nominative)
gněduju (definite dual genitive masculine)
gněduju (definite dual feminine genitive)
gněduju (definite dual genitive neuter)
gnědyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
gnědyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
gnědyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
gnědaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
gněději (accusative definite dual feminine)
gněději (accusative definite dual neuter)
gnědyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
gnědyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
gnědyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
gněduju (definite dual locative masculine)
gněduju (definite dual feminine locative)
gněduju (definite dual locative neuter)
gnědaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
gněději (definite dual feminine vocative)
gněději (definite dual neuter vocative)
gnědiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
gnědyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
gnědaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
gnědъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
gnědъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
gnědъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
gnědyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
gnědyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
gnědyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
gnědyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
gnědyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
gnědaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
gnědyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
gnědyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
gnědyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
gnědyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
gnědyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
gnědyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
gnědiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
gnědyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
gnědaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *gnědъ (hard)

Definite declension of *gnědъ (hard)

East Slavic:

desc

Belarusian: гнеды (hnjedy), гняды (hnjady)

Russian: гнедо́й (gnedój)

Ukrainian: гнідий (hnidyj)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hnědý

Czech: hnědý

Polish: gniady

Slovak: hnedý


omanъ

omanъ (nominative singular)
omana (dual nominative)
omani (nominative plural)
omana (genitive singular)
omanu (dual genitive)
omanъ (genitive plural)
omanu (dative singular)
omanoma (dative dual)
omanomъ (dative plural)
omanъ (accusative singular)
omana (accusative dual)
omany (accusative plural)
omanъmь (instrumental singular)
omanomь (instrumental singular)
omanoma (dual instrumental)
omany (instrumental plural)
omaně (locative singular)
omanu (dual locative)
omaněxъ (locative plural)
omane (singular vocative)
omana (dual vocative)
omani (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ама́н (amán)

Russian: ома́н (omán)

Ukrainian: ома́н (omán)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: оманъ (omanŭ)

Bulgarian: ома́н (omán)

Macedonian: оман (oman)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̀ман

Latin script: òman

Slovene: ọ̑man (tonal orthography), vọ̑man

West Slavic:

Czech: oman

Polish: oman

Slovak: oman

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: homan

Upper Sorbian: woman

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: omán

→ Romanian: omán

From *omaniti (“to bewitch”), for ascribed protective witchery, its vegetable pungency, and its medicinal potency, fulfilling the role of the Arnica montana in the Germania.

elecampane (Inula spp., especially Inula helenium)


devęsilъ

devęsilъ (nominative singular)
devęsila (dual nominative)
devęsili (nominative plural)
devęsila (genitive singular)
devęsilu (dual genitive)
devęsilъ (genitive plural)
devęsilu (dative singular)
devęsiloma (dative dual)
devęsilomъ (dative plural)
devęsilъ (accusative singular)
devęsila (accusative dual)
devęsily (accusative plural)
devęsilъmь (instrumental singular)
devęsilomь (instrumental singular)
devęsiloma (dual instrumental)
devęsily (instrumental plural)
devęsilě (locative singular)
devęsilu (dual locative)
devęsilěxъ (locative plural)
devęsile (singular vocative)
devęsila (dual vocative)
devęsili (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: дзівасі́л (dzivasíl)

Russian: девяси́л (devjasíl)

Ukrainian: дев'яси́л (devʺjasýl), дивоси́л (dyvosýl), дев'ятиси́л (devʺjatysýl)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: девеси́л (devesíl), девиси́л (devisíl)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: девѐсиљ, невѐсиљ, девѐсиље, невѐсиље

Latin script: devèsilj, nevèsilj, devèsilje, nevèsilje

Slovene: devesílje

West Slavic:

Czech: devětsil

Polish: dziewięćsił

Slovak: deväťsil

Univerbation of *dȅvę + *sìlъ, literally “nine powers”, three times three powers, for its medicinal potency. Compare German Neunkraft, Neunkraut and continuation of such formations in Russian девяти́льник (devjatílʹnik), Slovene devẹ̑tək (tonal orthography).

cog

девяти́льник


pьkъ

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: пък (pǎk)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: па̏к

Latin script: pȁk

Parallel to *pakъ (“again”), in which case the origin would (probably) be from Proto-Indo-European *h₁pi (“by, at”) + *-kъ (“denotational suffix”), similar to *tukъ (“here”), *takъ (“thus”), *kakъ (“how”) from *tu (“locative specifier”), *tъ (“that one”), *kъjь (“which, who”) + *-kъ.


-ьlъ

-ьlъ (nominative singular)
-ьla (dual nominative)
-ьli (nominative plural)
-ьla (genitive singular)
-ьlu (dual genitive)
-ьlъ (genitive plural)
-ьlu (dative singular)
-ьloma (dative dual)
-ьlomъ (dative plural)
-ьlъ (accusative singular)
-ьla (accusative dual)
-ьly (accusative plural)
-ьlъmь (instrumental singular)
-ьlomь (instrumental singular)
-ьloma (dual instrumental)
-ьly (instrumental plural)
-ьlě (locative singular)
-ьlu (dual locative)
-ьlěxъ (locative plural)
-ьle (singular vocative)
-ьla (dual vocative)
-ьli (plural vocative)

Fossilized doublet of *-lъ, attached to thematic roots. The *-ь- could reflect either a reduced *-e- or *-i- from i-theme declension. Regionally (especially in East Slavic), the -ь- was often hardened to -ъ- due to the backward influence of -l- (cf. Old East Slavic: молоко (moloko) < *melko or Old East Slavic: пълнъ (pŭlnŭ) < *pьlnъ).

kozьlъ (“goat”) ← *kozь(jь) (“goaty”)

pětьlъ (“rooster, cock”) ← *pětъ(jь) (“singing”)

sъsьlъ (“ground squirrel”) ← Proto-Balto-Slavic *śuśas (“shoving, ditching”) (possibly)

orьlъ (“eagle”) ← Proto-Indo-European *h₃érō (“stirring, rising one”)

pelvelъ (“weed”) ← *pelvъ (“pale, futile”)

From adjectives or participles, forms agent nouns (usually animals or plants)

svьrdьlъ (“chasel”) ← Proto-Indo-European *swerdʰóm (“sharp tool”) < *seh₂w- (“sharp”) + *-ér-

kotьlъ (“cauldron”) ← Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“to encircle, to bound”)

kъbьlъ (“bucket”) ← Proto-Indo-European *kewb- (“to bend, to turn”)

gъdьlъ (“tickle”) ← *gъsti (“to tickle, to prick”)

From basic roots or verbs, forms tool nouns. Likely under the influence of Proto-Germanic *-ilaz


pakъ

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: пакъ (pakŭ), пакꙑ (paky)

⇒ Russian: пак (pak) (dialectal, archaic)

⇒ Ukrainian: пак (pak) (archaic)

Bulgarian: пак (pak), dial. паки (paki)

Macedonian: пак (pak)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: па̏к

Latin script: pȁk

West Slavic:

Old Czech: pak

Czech: pak

Lower Sorbian: pak

Either formed as *pa- (“later”) + *-kъ, in the same manner as *jakъ (“such”), *kakъ (“how”), *takъ (“thus”) from *jь (“this here”), *kъjь (“who, which”), *tъ (“this”), or a back-formation from *opakъ (“reverse, the other way round”) with dropped *o-.


-ělъ

-ělъ (nominative singular)
-ěla (dual nominative)
-ěli (nominative plural)
-ěla (genitive singular)
-ělu (dual genitive)
-ělъ (genitive plural)
-ělu (dative singular)
-ěloma (dative dual)
-ělomъ (dative plural)
-ělъ (accusative singular)
-ěla (accusative dual)
-ěly (accusative plural)
-ělъmь (instrumental singular)
-ělomь (instrumental singular)
-ěloma (dual instrumental)
-ěly (instrumental plural)
-ělě (locative singular)
-ělu (dual locative)
-ělěxъ (locative plural)
-ěle (singular vocative)
-ěla (dual vocative)
-ěli (plural vocative)

Derived from the fusion of state expressing extension Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti + *-lós. Akin to Latin -ēla.

mьrzělъ (“sloth, one who lazes”)← *mьrzъ (“devious, lazy”)

mǫtělъ (“clutter, haze”) ← *mǭtiti (“to roil, to stir”)

svьrbělъ (“itchy one”) ← *svьrběti (“to itch”)

xъrbělъ (“slender one”) ← *xъrběti (“to thin”)

ščьrbělъ (“ribby one”) ← *ščьrbiti (“to rib”)

From adjectives or ě-theme verbs, forms state nouns (used as a cause for something) or agent nouns denoting a bearer of a state


-ъlъ

-ъlъ (nominative singular)
-ъla (dual nominative)
-ъli (nominative plural)
-ъla (genitive singular)
-ъlu (dual genitive)
-ъlъ (genitive plural)
-ъlu (dative singular)
-ъloma (dative dual)
-ъlomъ (dative plural)
-ъlъ (accusative singular)
-ъla (accusative dual)
-ъly (accusative plural)
-ъlъmь (instrumental singular)
-ъlomь (instrumental singular)
-ъloma (dual instrumental)
-ъly (instrumental plural)
-ъlě (locative singular)
-ъlu (dual locative)
-ъlěxъ (locative plural)
-ъle (singular vocative)
-ъla (dual vocative)
-ъli (plural vocative)

Variant of *-lъ, attached onto u-stems. Comparable with Latin -ulus.

pьkъlъ (“hell, pitch”) ← Proto-Indo-European *peyk- (“to carve, to hew”)

ǫgъlъ (“angle”) ← Proto-Indo-European *h₂eng- (“to curve”)

čexъlъ (“cap, sleeper, cover”) ← of uncertain origin


-ro

-ro (nominative singular)
-rě (dual nominative)
-ra (nominative plural)
-ra (genitive singular)
-ru (dual genitive)
-rъ (genitive plural)
-ru (dative singular)
-roma (dative dual)
-romъ (dative plural)
-ro (accusative singular)
-rě (accusative dual)
-ra (accusative plural)
-rъmь (instrumental singular)
-romь (instrumental singular)
-roma (dual instrumental)
-ry (instrumental plural)
-rě (locative singular)
-ru (dual locative)
-rěxъ (locative plural)
-ro (singular vocative)
-rě (dual vocative)
-ra (plural vocative)

Reanalyzed form of the adjective-forming suffix *-rъ.

bedro (“thigh”) ← earlier *bedrъ (“ditched, speared”)

rebro (“rib”) ← earlier *rebrъ (“tilted, wrapping”)

vedro (“fair weather”) ← earlier *vedrъ (“fair, nice (for weather)”)

vědro (“bucket”) ← earlier *vědrъ (“fluid, laminar”)

utro (“morning”) ← earlier unattested *ustrъ (“eastern, dawn”)

From earlier adjectives, forming neutral tool nouns

bagrъ (“dye, hue”) ← earlier *bagrъ (“crimson, purple”)

koprъ (“dill”) ← earlier *kъprъ (“smelly, nifty”)

zǫbrъ (“bison, wisent”) ← earlier *zǫbrъ (“pointy, bristly, pungent”)

vixъrъ (“whirlwind”) ← earlier *vixъrъ (“vortical”)

kamorъ (“stone”) ← earlier *okm(ə)rъ (“made of stone”)

From earlier adjectives, forming masculine agent, instrumental or event nouns

vydra (“otter”) ← earlier *(v)ydrъ (“watery”)

kypra (“bonny girl”) ← earlier *kyprъ (“boiling, raving”)

kapra (“pus, liquid from the eye”) ← earlier *kaprъ (“dripping”)

dǫbrava (“small woodland”) ← earlier *dǫbrъ (“woody, timber”)

From earlier adjectives, forming feminine agent, collective or substance nouns


-skъ

-skъ (nominative singular)
-ska (dual nominative)
-sci (nominative plural)
-ska (genitive singular)
-sku (dual genitive)
-skъ (genitive plural)
-sku (dative singular)
-skoma (dative dual)
-skomъ (dative plural)
-skъ (accusative singular)
-ska (accusative dual)
-sky (accusative plural)
-skъmь (instrumental singular)
-skomь (instrumental singular)
-skoma (dual instrumental)
-sky (instrumental plural)
-scě (locative singular)
-sku (dual locative)
-scěxъ (locative plural)
-šče (singular vocative)
-ska (dual vocative)
-sci (plural vocative)

Probably continuing the inchoative suffix Proto-Indo-European *-skós.
In South Slavic, the suffix underwent splitting *-skъ > *-s(ъ)kъ.

piskъ (“peep, squeak”) ← e-grade of *pěti (“to sing”) ← *pi-pi!

vyskъ (“neigh”) ← *vyti (“to howl”) ← *vъjь!

plěskъ (“splash, sound of slapping”) ← *plěkati (“to clap, to slap”) ← *plě-plě!

trěskъ (“clatter”) ← *trakati (“to rattle”) ← *tra-tra!

krěskъ (“grunt, scream”) ← *krěkati (“to crack”) ← *krě-krě!

driskъ (“burst, spurt”) (pejoratively could mean "turd") ← *derti (“to tear”)

sviskъ (“swish, hissing”) ← *svistěti (“to whistle”)

From expressive or onomatopaeic interjections, forms nouns denoting the respective interjection

puskъ (“launch, drop”) ← *puskati (“to let go, to drop”)

tiskъ (“pressure, push”) ← *tiskati (“to press, to squeeze”)

tъska (“stenosis”) ← *tъsnǫti (“to compress, to damage”)

luskъ/*luska (“shell”) ← *luskati (“to peel”)

blěskъ (“glimmer”) ← *blьščati (“to shine”)

sъblьskъ (“collision”) ← *blьskati (“to push, to dash, to hustle”)

From inchoative verbs, forms action nouns


vьrzati

vьrzàti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
vьrzanьje (noun-from-verb)
vьrzati (infinitive)
vьrzatъ (supine)
vьrzalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
vьrzanъ (participle passive past)
vьržemъ (participle passive present)
vьrzavъ (active participle past)
vьržę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
vьrzaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
vьrza (aorist second-person singular)
vьrza (aorist singular third-person)
vьržǫ (first-person present singular)
vьržeši (present second-person singular)
vьržetь (present singular third-person)
vьrzaxově (aorist dual first-person)
vьrzasta (aorist dual second-person)
vьrzaste (aorist dual third-person)
vьrževě (dual first-person present)
vьržeta (dual present second-person)
vьržete (dual present third-person)
vьrzaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vьrzaste (aorist plural second-person)
vьrzašę (aorist plural third-person)
vьržemъ (first-person plural present)
vьržete (plural present second-person)
vьržǫtь (plural present third-person)
vьrzaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vьrzaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vьrzaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vьrži (imperative second-person singular)
vьrži (imperative singular third-person)
vьrzaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vьrzaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vьrzaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vьrživě (dual first-person imperative)
vьržita (dual imperative second-person)
vьrzaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vьrzaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vьrzaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vьržimъ (first-person imperative plural)
vьržite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: верза́ць (vjerzácʹ)

Russian: верза́ть (verzátʹ, “to defecate”), dial. верзти (verzti)

Ukrainian: верза́ти (verzáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: вьрзати (vĭrzati)

Bulgarian: вържа (vǎrža)

q

reflects <i class="Latn mention" lang="sla-pro">*verzti</i>

→ Macedonian: врзе (vrze) (reflects *verzti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: врзати (“to sneak”)

Latin script: vrzati (“to sneak”)

Slovene: vrzẹ́ti

West Slavic: –

Derived from the present stem of an earlier *verzti. Probably continuing Proto-Indo-European *wr̥ǵʰyéti (“to tighten”), from Proto-Indo-European *werǵʰ-. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *wurgijaną (“to strangle”) and akin to Lithuanian ver̃žti (“to string”).


-rъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *-rъ (hard)

Definite declension of *-rъ (hard)

-rъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
-ra (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
-ro (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
-ra (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
-ry (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
-ra (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
-ru (dative indefinite masculine singular)
-rě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
-ru (dative indefinite neuter singular)
-rъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
-rǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
-ro (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
-romь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
-rojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
-romь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
-rě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
-rě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
-rě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
-re (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
-ro (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
-ro (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
-ra (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
-rě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
-rě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
-ru (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
-ru (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
-ru (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
-roma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
-rama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
-roma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
-ra (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
-rě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
-rě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
-roma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
-rama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
-roma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
-ru (dual indefinite locative masculine)
-ru (dual feminine indefinite locative)
-ru (dual indefinite locative neuter)
-ra (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
-rě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
-rě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
-ri (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
-ry (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
-ra (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
-rъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
-rъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
-rъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
-romъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
-ramъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
-romъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
-ry (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
-ry (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
-ra (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
-ry (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
-rami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
-ry (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
-rěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
-raxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
-rěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
-ri (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
-ry (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
-ra (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
-rъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
-raja (definite feminine nominative singular)
-roje (definite neuter nominative singular)
-rajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
-ryję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
-rajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
-rujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
-rěji (dative definite feminine singular)
-rujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
-rъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
-rǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
-roje (accusative definite neuter singular)
-ryjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
-rǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
-ryjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
-rějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
-rěji (definite feminine locative singular)
-rějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
-rъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
-raja (definite feminine singular vocative)
-roje (definite neuter singular vocative)
-raja (definite dual masculine nominative)
-rěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
-rěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
-ruju (definite dual genitive masculine)
-ruju (definite dual feminine genitive)
-ruju (definite dual genitive neuter)
-ryjima (dative definite dual masculine)
-ryjima (dative definite dual feminine)
-ryjima (dative definite dual neuter)
-raja (accusative definite dual masculine)
-rěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
-rěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
-ryjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
-ryjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
-ryjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
-ruju (definite dual locative masculine)
-ruju (definite dual feminine locative)
-ruju (definite dual locative neuter)
-raja (definite dual masculine vocative)
-rěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
-rěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
-riji (definite masculine nominative plural)
-ryję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
-raja (definite neuter nominative plural)
-rъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
-rъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
-rъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
-ryjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
-ryjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
-ryjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
-ryję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
-ryję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
-raja (accusative definite neuter plural)
-ryjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
-ryjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
-ryjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
-ryjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
-ryjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
-ryjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
-riji (definite masculine plural vocative)
-ryję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
-raja (definite neuter plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ras, from Proto-Indo-European *-rós. Unlike the Indo-European suffix, the Slavic one could be attached to any-grade (0-, e-, or o-) stems. Cognate with Lithuanian -ras, -rus and Latvian -rs.

bъdrъ (“awake”) ← *bъděti (“to be conscious, to look over”)

rъdrъ (“red, rusty”) ← *rъděti (“to rust”)

starъ (“old”) ← *stati (“to stay, to stand”)

pьstrъ (“colourful”) < earlier *pьsrъ ← *pьsati (“to draw, to paint”)

sporъ (“abundant”) < earlier *sp(ə)rъ ← *spěti (“to advance, to succeed”)

xytrъ (“cunning, clever”) ← *xvatаti (“to catch, to grasp, to gulp”)

bystrъ (“transparent, rapid”) < earlier *bysrъ ← Pre-Slavic *bʰuHs- (“stormy, blowing”)

ostrъ (“sharp”) < earlier *osrъ ← Pre-Slavic *h₂ḱ- (“acute, sharp”)

From intransitive verbs or basic 0-grade stems, forms adjectives

dobrъ (“good”) ← *dobъ (“suitable time”)

mokrъ (“wet”) ← *močь (“moisture”)

motrъ (“focused, accurate”) ← *motati (“to revolve”)

mǫdrъ (“wise”) ← **mǫdъ (“on one's mind”) ← *mьněti (“to think, to form opinion”) + *-dъ (“locative particle”)

vedrъ (“fair, clear”) ← **vedъ (“clear weather”) ←*věti (“to blow, to wind”) + *-dъ (“locative particle”)

ędrъ (“large”) ← **ędъ (“mass, distribution”) ←*ęti (“to take, to have”) + *-dъ (“locative particle”)

From e-grade stems, forms adjectives (rare)


-pъ

Nominal suffix of onomatopoeic origin, expressing muffling or resonant nuance to the specified sound. Exhibits parallels in other Indo-European languages, cf. English puff or English flop, however, no common ancestral origin could be established. Most of the derived terms with this ending were later grammaticized.

tropъ (“stamp, step, dot”) ← *tropati (“to stamp, to pierce”) ← *xop-trop!

xlopъ (“knock, clap”) ← *xlopati (“to knock”) ← *xlop!

tupъ (“thump, flop”) ← *tupati (“to thump, to plump”) ← *tup-tup!

copъ (“sound of disturbed water”) ← *copnǫti (“to jump into water”) ← *cop!

From expressive or onomatopoeic interjections, forms onomatopoeic action nouns referring to the respective interjection


-pъ

Uncertain. There have been various ad hoc attempts to explain concrete derivatives.
Encountered as an extension to roots in parallel to resembling derivatives with other extensions, e.g.:
* Proto-Slavic *glupъ (“stupid”): compared with Proto-Slavic *glumъ, *gluxъ (“deaf”).
* Proto-Slavic *vorpъ (“assault, ripple, wrinkle”): compared with Proto-Slavic *verti (“to shove, to thrust”), *vьrěti (“to brew, to boil”), *vьrlъ (“enraged, violent”) and forms related to Proto-Slavic *vьrtěti (“to turn, to rotate”).
Possibly inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-pos, cf. Sanskrit वर्पस् (varpas, “shape, form”). Compare Lithuanian -ópas attested in Lithuanian *antrópas (“different”), savópas (“particular”), dvejópas (“binary”), etc.

cog

sverěpъ (“wild, cruel”)

vьrtъpъ (“whirlpool”), *vьrtьpъ (“cave; garden”) ← *vьrtъ (“turn, enclosure”) ← *vьrtěti (“to turn, to rotate”)

kъrľepъ (“tick”) ← *kъrľь (“stinger”)

snopъ (“bundle, sheaf”) ← *snuti (“warp”) (possibly)

Forms resultative or object nouns from adjectives or verbs:

skorupa (“shell, hull”) ← *skora (“bast, skin”)

gorupъ (“bittercress”) ← *gorьkъ (“bitter, hot”)

Forms nouns expressing a state from base nouns or adjectives with the addition of *-(l)u-. Equivalent to *-upъ:


-ьjь

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *-ьjь (soft)

Definite declension of *-ьjь (soft)

-ьjь (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
-ьja (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
-ьje (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
-ьja (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
-ьję̇ (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
-ьja (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
-ьju (dative indefinite masculine singular)
-ьji (dative feminine indefinite singular)
-ьju (dative indefinite neuter singular)
-ьjь (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
-ьjǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
-ьje (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
-ьjemь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
-ьjejǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
-ьjemь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
-ьji (indefinite locative masculine singular)
-ьji (feminine indefinite locative singular)
-ьji (indefinite locative neuter singular)
-ьju (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
-ьje (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
-ьje (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
-ьja (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
-ьji (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
-ьji (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
-ьju (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
-ьju (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
-ьju (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
-ьjema (dative dual indefinite masculine)
-ьjama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
-ьjema (dative dual indefinite neuter)
-ьja (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
-ьji (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
-ьji (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
-ьjema (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
-ьjama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
-ьjema (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
-ьju (dual indefinite locative masculine)
-ьju (dual feminine indefinite locative)
-ьju (dual indefinite locative neuter)
-ьja (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
-ьji (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
-ьji (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
-ьji (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
-ьję̇ (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
-ьja (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
-ьjь (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
-ьjь (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
-ьjь (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
-ьjemъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
-ьjamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
-ьjemъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
-ьję̇ (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
-ьję̇ (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
-ьja (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
-ьji (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
-ьjami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
-ьji (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
-ьjixъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
-ьjaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
-ьjixъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
-ьji (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
-ьję̇ (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
-ьja (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
-ьjьjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
-ьjaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
-ьjeje (definite neuter nominative singular)
-ьjajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
-ьję̇ję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
-ьjajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
-ьjujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
-ьjiji (dative definite feminine singular)
-ьjujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
-ьjьjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
-ьjǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
-ьjeje (accusative definite neuter singular)
-ьjijimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
-ьjǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
-ьjijimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
-ьjijemь (definite locative masculine singular)
-ьjiji (definite feminine locative singular)
-ьjijemь (definite locative neuter singular)
-ьjьjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
-ьjaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
-ьjeje (definite neuter singular vocative)
-ьjaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
-ьjiji (definite dual feminine nominative)
-ьjiji (definite dual neuter nominative)
-ьjuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
-ьjuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
-ьjuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
-ьjijima (dative definite dual masculine)
-ьjijima (dative definite dual feminine)
-ьjijima (dative definite dual neuter)
-ьjaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
-ьjiji (accusative definite dual feminine)
-ьjiji (accusative definite dual neuter)
-ьjijima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
-ьjijima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
-ьjijima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
-ьjuju (definite dual locative masculine)
-ьjuju (definite dual feminine locative)
-ьjuju (definite dual locative neuter)
-ьjaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
-ьjiji (definite dual feminine vocative)
-ьjiji (definite dual neuter vocative)
-ьjiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
-ьję̇ję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
-ьjaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
-ьjьjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
-ьjьjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
-ьjьjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
-ьjijimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
-ьjijimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
-ьjijimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
-ьję̇ję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
-ьję̇ję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
-ьjaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
-ьjijimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
-ьjijimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
-ьjijimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
-ьjijixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
-ьjijixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
-ьjijixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
-ьjiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
-ьję̇ję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
-ьjaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: -ь (-ĭ), -ии (-ii)

Belarusian: -і m (-i) -ы m (-y),

desc

Russian: -ий m (-ij), -ья f (-ʹja), -ье n (-ʹje)

Ukrainian: -ий m (-yj), -ій m (-ij)

Old Novgorodian: -ьи (-ĭi)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: -ьи (-ĭi), -ии (-ii)

Bulgarian: -и m (-i), -(и)я f (-(i)ja), -(и)е n (-(i)e)

Macedonian:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -ји

Latin script: -ji

Slovene:

West Slavic:

Czech: -í

desctree

Old Polish: -i, -y
Polish: -i
Polish: -y

Slovak: -í

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: -i, -y

Pomeranian:

Slovincian: -jy

Extending ending of archaic i-stem adjectives, effectively equivalent to Proto-Indo-European *-is + *-ós. In Late Common Slavic, the accent was retracted from the ending on the preceding syllable (known as Ivšić's law). A similar effect occurred already during Balto-Slavic when an acute syllable attracted the accent from the ending, e.g. in Proto-Slavic *jьnьjь (“frost”) from Proto-Indo-European *h₁iH-n̥-yós (compare Lithuanian ýnis (“frost”)).
Old Church Slavonic preserved a few true i-stem adjectives, however, they were indeclinable for gender, case or number: e.g. Old Church Slavonic исплънь (isplŭnĭ, “full of”), свободь (svobodĭ, “free”), различь (različĭ, “different”), ꙋдобь (udobĭ, “comfortable, easy”), обиль (obilĭ, “abundant”). In parallel to these forms, there were declinable derivatives of theirs with o-stem declension: плънъ (plŭnŭ), свободьнъ (svobodĭnŭ), различьнъ (različĭnŭ), ꙋдобьнъ (udobĭnŭ), обильнъ (obilĭnŭ).
All other i-stem adjectives were extended with secondary suffixes such as *-ьnъ, *-ьskъ, or *-ikъ by historical times. Nonetheless, in Old Church Slavonic, the comparative and superlative form of these adjectives was still formed from the earlier i-stem, e.g. *lišьnъ (“deprive of, redundant”) : *lišijь (“devoid, more redundant”) (instead of the later *lišьňьjь). For comparison, consider the o-stem *lixъ (“superfluous”) : *lišьjь (“more superfluous”).
Cognate with Latin third declension Latin -is, Germanic i-stem declension Proto-Germanic *-iz, and Greek third ι-stem declension.

cog

božьjь (“divine”) ← *bogъ (“God”)

čьlověčьjь (“humane”) ← *čьlověkъ (“human”)

orbьjь (“laborous”) ← *orbъ (“servant”)

voržьjь (“hostile”) ← *vorgъ (“enemy”)

kozьjь (“goaty”) ← *koza (“goat”)

gǫsьjь (“goosey”) ← *gǫsь (“goose”)

myšьjь (“mousy”) ← *myšь (“mouse”)

lisьjь (“foxy”) ← *lisъ (“fox”)

vьlčьjь (“lupine”) ← *vьlkъ (“wolf”)

pьsьjь (“doggy”) ← *pьsъ (“dog”)

From animal or plant nouns, forming adjectives denoting pertainment to the respective animal

velьjь (“great”) (later replaced by *velikъ) ← *velь (“greatness”)

divьjь (“marvelous, natural, freely growing”) ← *divь (“amazement, wild nature”)

pročьjь (“remaining, additional”) ← *prokъ (“remainder”)

From collective nouns, forming expressive adjectives denoting excess of something


-ьjь

-ьjь (nominative singular)
-ьja (dual nominative)
-ьji (nominative plural)
-ьja (genitive singular)
-ьju (dual genitive)
-ьjь (genitive plural)
-ьju (dative singular)
-ьjema (dative dual)
-ьjemъ (dative plural)
-ьjь (accusative singular)
-ьja (accusative dual)
-ьję̇ (accusative plural)
-ьjьmь (instrumental singular)
-ьjemь (instrumental singular)
-ьjema (dual instrumental)
-ьji (instrumental plural)
-ьji (locative singular)
-ьju (dual locative)
-ьjixъ (locative plural)
-ьju (singular vocative)
-ьja (dual vocative)
-ьji (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian:

Russian: -ей (-ej)

Ukrainian:

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: -ии (-ii)

Bulgarian: -ей (-ej)

Macedonian: -еј (-ej)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -еј

Latin script: -ej

Slovene:

West Slavic:

Czech:

Slovak:

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian:

From o-stems or i-stems *-ъ, *-ь + *-jь. Cognate with Ancient Greek -εῖος (-eîos), Latin -eus.

-ьje

noun-forming, usually denoting manner or location as well as the standard ending for deverbial action nouns

gvozdьjь (“pin, nail”) ← *gvozdь (“nail”)

čьrvьjь (“worm”) ← *čьrvь (“worm”)

Denomial, from i-stem nouns forms emphatic nouns denoting bearers of a property:

rěpьjь (“bur”) ← *rěpъ (“burdock, spec. Arctium lappa”)

solvьjь (“nightingale”) ← *solvъ (“beige, dirty yellow”)

červьjь (“shoe”) ← *červo (“gut”)

žerbьjь (“lot”) ← *žerbъ (“cut-off”)

Denomial, from o-stem nouns (or adjectives) forms nouns denoting bearers of a property:


-ьjь

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *-ьjь (comparative)

Definite declension of *-ьjь (comparative)

-ьjь (comparative indefinite masculine nominative singular)
-ьši (comparative feminine indefinite nominative singular)
-e (comparative indefinite neuter nominative singular)
-ьša (comparative genitive indefinite masculine singular)
-ьšę̇ (comparative feminine genitive indefinite singular)
-ьša (comparative genitive indefinite neuter singular)
-ьšu (comparative dative indefinite masculine singular)
-ьši (comparative dative feminine indefinite singular)
-ьšu (comparative dative indefinite neuter singular)
-ьšь (accusative comparative indefinite masculine singular)
-ьšǫ (accusative comparative feminine indefinite singular)
-e (accusative comparative indefinite neuter singular)
-ьšemь (comparative indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
-ьšejǫ (comparative feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
-ьšemь (comparative indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
-ьši (comparative indefinite locative masculine singular)
-ьši (comparative feminine indefinite locative singular)
-ьši (comparative indefinite locative neuter singular)
-ьšu (comparative indefinite masculine singular vocative)
-ьše (comparative feminine indefinite singular vocative)
-ьše (comparative indefinite neuter singular vocative)
-ьša (comparative dual indefinite masculine nominative)
-ьši (comparative dual feminine indefinite nominative)
-ьši (comparative dual indefinite neuter nominative)
-ьšu (comparative dual genitive indefinite masculine)
-ьšu (comparative dual feminine genitive indefinite)
-ьšu (comparative dual genitive indefinite neuter)
-ьšema (comparative dative dual indefinite masculine)
-ьšama (comparative dative dual feminine indefinite)
-ьšema (comparative dative dual indefinite neuter)
-ьša (accusative comparative dual indefinite masculine)
-ьši (accusative comparative dual feminine indefinite)
-ьši (accusative comparative dual indefinite neuter)
-ьšema (comparative dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
-ьšama (comparative dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
-ьšema (comparative dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
-ьšu (comparative dual indefinite locative masculine)
-ьšu (comparative dual feminine indefinite locative)
-ьšu (comparative dual indefinite locative neuter)
-ьša (comparative dual indefinite masculine vocative)
-ьši (comparative dual feminine indefinite vocative)
-ьši (comparative dual indefinite neuter vocative)
-ьše (comparative indefinite masculine nominative plural)
-ьšę̇ (comparative feminine indefinite nominative plural)
-ьša (comparative indefinite neuter nominative plural)
-ьšь (comparative genitive indefinite masculine plural)
-ьšь (comparative feminine genitive indefinite plural)
-ьšь (comparative genitive indefinite neuter plural)
-ьšemъ (comparative dative indefinite masculine plural)
-ьšamъ (comparative dative feminine indefinite plural)
-ьšemъ (comparative dative indefinite neuter plural)
-ьšę̇ (accusative comparative indefinite masculine plural)
-ьšę̇ (accusative comparative feminine indefinite plural)
-ьša (accusative comparative indefinite neuter plural)
-ьši (comparative indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
-ьšami (comparative feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
-ьši (comparative indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
-ьšixъ (comparative indefinite locative masculine plural)
-ьšaxъ (comparative feminine indefinite locative plural)
-ьšixъ (comparative indefinite locative neuter plural)
-ьši (comparative indefinite masculine plural vocative)
-ьšę̇ (comparative feminine indefinite plural vocative)
-ьša (comparative indefinite neuter plural vocative)
-ьjь (comparative definite masculine nominative singular)
-ьšija (comparative definite feminine nominative singular)
-ьšeje (comparative definite neuter nominative singular)
-ьšajego (comparative definite genitive masculine singular)
-ьšę̇ję̇ (comparative definite feminine genitive singular)
-ьšajego (comparative definite genitive neuter singular)
-ьšujemu (comparative dative definite masculine singular)
-ьšiji (comparative dative definite feminine singular)
-ьšujemu (comparative dative definite neuter singular)
-ьšьjь (accusative comparative definite masculine singular)
-ьšǫjǫ (accusative comparative definite feminine singular)
-ьšeje (accusative comparative definite neuter singular)
-ьšijimь (comparative definite instrumental masculine singular)
-ьšǫjǫ (comparative definite feminine instrumental singular)
-ьšijimь (comparative definite instrumental neuter singular)
-ьšijemь (comparative definite locative masculine singular)
-ьšiji (comparative definite feminine locative singular)
-ьšijemь (comparative definite locative neuter singular)
-ьšьjь (comparative definite masculine singular vocative)
-ьšaja (comparative definite feminine singular vocative)
-ьšeje (comparative definite neuter singular vocative)
-ьšaja (comparative definite dual masculine nominative)
-ьšiji (comparative definite dual feminine nominative)
-ьšiji (comparative definite dual neuter nominative)
-ьšuju (comparative definite dual genitive masculine)
-ьšuju (comparative definite dual feminine genitive)
-ьšuju (comparative definite dual genitive neuter)
-ьšijima (comparative dative definite dual masculine)
-ьšijima (comparative dative definite dual feminine)
-ьšijima (comparative dative definite dual neuter)
-ьšaja (accusative comparative definite dual masculine)
-ьšiji (accusative comparative definite dual feminine)
-ьšiji (accusative comparative definite dual neuter)
-ьšijima (comparative definite dual instrumental masculine)
-ьšijima (comparative definite dual feminine instrumental)
-ьšijima (comparative definite dual instrumental neuter)
-ьšuju (comparative definite dual locative masculine)
-ьšuju (comparative definite dual feminine locative)
-ьšuju (comparative definite dual locative neuter)
-ьšaja (comparative definite dual masculine vocative)
-ьšiji (comparative definite dual feminine vocative)
-ьšiji (comparative definite dual neuter vocative)
-ьšeji (comparative definite masculine nominative plural)
-ьšę̇ję̇ (comparative definite feminine nominative plural)
-ьšaja (comparative definite neuter nominative plural)
-ьšьjixъ (comparative definite genitive masculine plural)
-ьšьjixъ (comparative definite feminine genitive plural)
-ьšьjixъ (comparative definite genitive neuter plural)
-ьšijimъ (comparative dative definite masculine plural)
-ьšijimъ (comparative dative definite feminine plural)
-ьšijimъ (comparative dative definite neuter plural)
-ьšę̇ję̇ (accusative comparative definite masculine plural)
-ьšę̇ję̇ (accusative comparative definite feminine plural)
-ьšaja (accusative comparative definite neuter plural)
-ьšijimi (comparative definite instrumental masculine plural)
-ьšijimi (comparative definite feminine instrumental plural)
-ьšijimi (comparative definite instrumental neuter plural)
-ьšijixъ (comparative definite locative masculine plural)
-ьšijixъ (comparative definite feminine locative plural)
-ьšijixъ (comparative definite locative neuter plural)
-ьšiji (comparative definite masculine plural vocative)
-ьšę̇ję̇ (comparative definite feminine plural vocative)
-ьšaja (comparative definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: -шы (-šy), -ше (-šje)

desc

Russian: -ьший (-ʹšij), -ьше (-ʹše), -е (-e)

Ukrainian: -ший (-šyj), -ше (-še)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: -е (-e)

→ Russian: -ее (-eje)

Bulgarian: -ш (-š)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -ји

Latin script: -ji

Slovene: -ji, -ši

West Slavic:

Czech: -ší, -e

Polish: -szy, -ej

Slovak: -ší, -šie

Kashubian: -szi

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: -iši, -išo

Lower Sorbian: -šy, -ej

čistъ (“clean”) + *-ьjь → *čistьjь (“cleaner”)

lixъ (“superfluous”) + *-ьjь → *lišьjь (“more superfluous”)


-ъtъ

-ъtъ (nominative singular)
-ъta (dual nominative)
-ъti (nominative plural)
-ъta (genitive singular)
-ъtu (dual genitive)
-ъtъ (genitive plural)
-ъtu (dative singular)
-ъtoma (dative dual)
-ъtomъ (dative plural)
-ъtъ (accusative singular)
-ъta (accusative dual)
-ъty (accusative plural)
-ъtъmь (instrumental singular)
-ъtomь (instrumental singular)
-ъtoma (dual instrumental)
-ъty (instrumental plural)
-ъtě (locative singular)
-ъtu (dual locative)
-ъtěxъ (locative plural)
-ъte (singular vocative)
-ъta (dual vocative)
-ъti (plural vocative)

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-tós.

Proto-Indo-European *Hrewp- + *-ъtъ → *rъpъtъ

Proto-Indo-European *sweyp- + *-ъtъ → *šьpъtъ

Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp- + *-ъtъ → *tъpъtъ

čęхnǫti + *-ъtъ → *čęхъtъ (“convulsion”)

Forms resultant or instantive nouns from roots with expressive or onomatopoeic meaning:


-otъ

-otъ (nominative singular)
-ota (dual nominative)
-oti (nominative plural)
-ota (genitive singular)
-otu (dual genitive)
-otъ (genitive plural)
-otu (dative singular)
-otoma (dative dual)
-otomъ (dative plural)
-otъ (accusative singular)
-ota (accusative dual)
-oty (accusative plural)
-otъmь (instrumental singular)
-otomь (instrumental singular)
-otoma (dual instrumental)
-oty (instrumental plural)
-otě (locative singular)
-otu (dual locative)
-otěxъ (locative plural)
-ote (singular vocative)
-ota (dual vocative)
-oti (plural vocative)

živъ (“alive”), *žiti (“to live”) → *životъ (“life”)

žьvati (“to munch, to chew”) → *životъ (“stomach, belly”)

sopti (“to rumble, to wheeze”) → *sopotъ (“place with echo”)

jьmati (“to have, to possess”) → *jьmotъ (“property”)

blekъ (“bleat, whine”) → *blekotъ (“poisonous herb (that causes temporary speech impediment))”)

pǫkъ (“crack, snap”) → *pǫkotъ (“rupture”)

Forms resultant nouns from verbs, adjectives, or nouns:

groxati (“to thunder”) → *groxotъ (“rumble, din”)

trepati (“to swing, to jerk”) → *trepetъ (“trill”)

ękati (“to groan, to rumble”) → *ękotъ (“echo, resound”)

go-go! (onomatopoeia) → *gogotъ (“titter, laughter”)

ky-ky! (onomatopoeia) → *kykotъ (“giggle”)

xo-xo! (onomatopoeia) → *xoxotъ (“derisive laughter”)

Forms event nouns, denoting sounds or effects, from onomatopoeic or expressive stems:


-otь

-otь (nominative singular)
-oti (dual nominative)
-otьje (nominative plural)
-oti (genitive singular)
-otьju (dual genitive)
-otьjь (genitive plural)
-oti (dative singular)
-otьma (dative dual)
-otьmъ (dative plural)
-otь (accusative singular)
-oti (accusative dual)
-oti (accusative plural)
-otьmь (instrumental singular)
-otьma (dual instrumental)
-otьmi (instrumental plural)
-oti (locative singular)
-otьju (dual locative)
-otьxъ (locative plural)
-oti (singular vocative)
-oti (dual vocative)
-otьje (plural vocative)
-otь (nominative singular)
-oti (dual nominative)
-oti (nominative plural)
-oti (genitive singular)
-otьju (dual genitive)
-otьjь (genitive plural)
-oti (dative singular)
-otьma (dative dual)
-otьmъ (dative plural)
-otь (accusative singular)
-oti (accusative dual)
-oti (accusative plural)
-otьjǫ (instrumental singular)
-otьma (dual instrumental)
-otьmi (instrumental plural)
-oti (locative singular)
-otьju (dual locative)
-otьxъ (locative plural)
-oti (singular vocative)
-oti (dual vocative)
-oti (plural vocative)

I-stem counter-part of *-otъ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-tis appended to o-stems. Parallel to *-ъtь.

pьrxotь f (“dandruff”) ← *pьrxъ (“powder”)

golotь m (“frost”) ← *golъ (“naked, bare”)

From basic roots, forms derivative nouns


-ъtь

-ъtь (nominative singular)
-ъti (dual nominative)
-ъtьje (nominative plural)
-ъťe (nominative plural)
-ъti (genitive singular)
-ъtьju (dual genitive)
-ъťu (dual genitive)
-ъtьjь (genitive plural)
-ъti (genitive plural)
-ъti (dative singular)
-ъtьma (dative dual)
-ъtьmъ (dative plural)
-ъtь (accusative singular)
-ъti (accusative dual)
-ъti (accusative plural)
-ъtьmь (instrumental singular)
-ъtьma (dual instrumental)
-ъtьmi (instrumental plural)
-ъti (locative singular)
-ъtьju (dual locative)
-ъťu (dual locative)
-ъtьxъ (locative plural)
-ъti (singular vocative)
-ъti (dual vocative)
-ъtьje (plural vocative)
-ъťe (plural vocative)
-ъtь (nominative singular)
-ъti (dual nominative)
-ъti (nominative plural)
-ъti (genitive singular)
-ъtьju (dual genitive)
-ъťu (dual genitive)
-ъtьjь (genitive plural)
-ъti (genitive plural)
-ъti (dative singular)
-ъtьma (dative dual)
-ъtьmъ (dative plural)
-ъtь (accusative singular)
-ъti (accusative dual)
-ъti (accusative plural)
-ъtьjǫ (instrumental singular)
-ъťǫ (instrumental singular)
-ъtьma (dual instrumental)
-ъtьmi (instrumental plural)
-ъti (locative singular)
-ъtьju (dual locative)
-ъťu (dual locative)
-ъtьxъ (locative plural)
-ъti (singular vocative)
-ъti (dual vocative)
-ъti (plural vocative)

I-stem counter-part of *-ъtъ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-tis appended to u-stems. Parallel to *-otь.

degъtь m (“tar”) ← Pre-Slavic *degti (“to heat, to burn”)

lapъtь m (“metatarsus, bast shoe”) ← *lapа (“paw”)

slękъtь f (“slime”) ← *slęka (“slush”)

nogъtь m (“nail”) ← *noga (“foot”)

polъtь f (“half-side”) ← *polъ (“one half”)

From nouns, forms partitive nouns with diminutive meaning


konьcь

konьcь (nominative singular)
konьca (dual nominative)
konьci (nominative plural)
konьca (genitive singular)
konьcu (dual genitive)
konьcь (genitive plural)
konьcu (dative singular)
konьcema (dative dual)
konьcemъ (dative plural)
konьcь (accusative singular)
konьca (accusative dual)
konьcę̇ (accusative plural)
konьcьmь (instrumental singular)
konьcemь (instrumental singular)
konьcema (dual instrumental)
konьci (instrumental plural)
konьci (locative singular)
konьcu (dual locative)
konьcixъ (locative plural)
konьče (singular vocative)
konьca (dual vocative)
konьci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: коньць (konĭcĭ)

Belarusian: кане́ц (kanjéc)

Russian: коне́ц (konéc)

Ukrainian: кіне́ць (kinécʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: коньць (konĭcĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰽⱁⱀⱐⱌⱐ (konĭcĭ)

Bulgarian: коне́ц (konéc)

Macedonian: ко́нец (kónec)

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: kònac

Cyrillic script: ко̀нац

Slovene: kónec (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: konec
Czech: konec

desctree

Old Polish: koniec
Polish: koniec
Silesian: kōniec

Polabian: ťönăc

Slovak: koniec

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: kùńc

Slovincian: kóńc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kónc

Lower Sorbian: kóńc


širь

šȋrь (canonical feminine)
širь (nominative singular)
širi (genitive singular)
širi (dative singular)
širь (accusative singular)
širьjǫ (instrumental singular)
širi (locative singular)
širi (singular vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: ширь (širʹ)

Ukrainian: шир (šyr)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ширь (širĭ)

Bulgarian: шир (šir)

Macedonian: шир (šir)

Slovene: šȋr (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: šíř, šíře

Old Polish: szyrz
Polish: (obsolete) szerz

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: šěŕ

Upper Sorbian: šуŕ

Uncertain. Speculated to be a borrowing from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćšáytram (“land, country”) (likely via Scythian), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tḱey- (“to settle, to cultivate”).
Alternatively, it could be a dialectal derivative of Proto-Indo-European *sḱēy- (“to shine”), cognate with Proto-Slavic *ščirъ (“sincere, honest”) and Proto-Germanic *skīriz (“sheer, pure”).


sъnęti

sъnętьje (noun-from-verb)
sъnęti (infinitive)
sъnętъ (supine)
sъnęlъ (l-participle)
sъnętъ (participle passive past)
sъnьmъ (active participle past)
sъnęsъ (aorist first-person singular)
sъnę (aorist second-person singular)
sъnę (aorist singular third-person)
sъnьmǫ (first-person present singular)
sъnьmeši (present second-person singular)
sъnьmetь (present singular third-person)
sъnęsově (aorist dual first-person)
sъnęsta (aorist dual second-person)
sъnęste (aorist dual third-person)
sъnьmevě (dual first-person present)
sъnьmeta (dual present second-person)
sъnьmete (dual present third-person)
sъnęsomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sъnęste (aorist plural second-person)
sъnęsę (aorist plural third-person)
sъnьmemъ (first-person plural present)
sъnьmete (plural present second-person)
sъnьmǫtь (plural present third-person)
sъnьmi (imperative second-person singular)
sъnьmi (imperative singular third-person)
sъnьměvě (dual first-person imperative)
sъnьměta (dual imperative second-person)
sъnьměmъ (first-person imperative plural)
sъnьměte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: снять (snjatʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: сънѧти

Bulgarian: снемам (snemam)

Macedonian: снима (snima)

Serbo-Croatian: snȅti

Slovene: snẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Slovak: sňať


pьrxotь

pьrxotь (nominative singular)
pьrxoti (genitive singular)
pьrxoti (dative singular)
pьrxotь (accusative singular)
pьrxotьmь (instrumental singular)
pьrxoti (locative singular)
pьrxoti (singular vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: перхаць (pjerxacʹ)

Russian: пе́рхоть (pérxotʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: пъ́рхот (pǎ́rhot)

Macedonian: првут (prvut)

Slovene: prhọ̑t, prhljȃj

From *pьrxъ (“powder”) + *-otь, ultimately descending from Proto-Indo-European *pers- (“to process, to run through, to spatter”).

(in West Slavic)


-otьja

-otь̀ja (canonical feminine)
-otьja (nominative singular)
-otьji (dual nominative)
-otьję̇ (nominative plural)
-otьję̇ (genitive singular)
-otьju (dual genitive)
-otьjь (genitive plural)
-otьji (dative singular)
-otьjama (dative dual)
-otьjamъ (dative plural)
-otьjǫ (accusative singular)
-otьji (accusative dual)
-otьję̇ (accusative plural)
-otьjejǫ (instrumental singular)
-otьjǫ (instrumental singular)
-otьjama (dual instrumental)
-otьjami (instrumental plural)
-otьji (locative singular)
-otьju (dual locative)
-otьjasъ (locative plural)
-otьjaxъ (locative plural)
-otьje (singular vocative)
-otьji (dual vocative)
-otьję̇ (plural vocative)

From the combination of *-ota + *-ьja. Productive only in Bulgarian and Macedonian, so likely inherited from Old Church Slavonic. Probably, the construct was influenced by Byzantine Greek forms such as ἰδιώτης (idiṓtēs, “private citizen”) → ἰδιωτεία (“ignorance”).

běda (“trouble, misfortune”) → Macedonian бедотија (bedotija, “misery”)

groza (“horror, ugliness”) → *grozotьja (“eyesore”)

gnǫsъ (“disgust”) → *gnǫsotьja (“repugnance”)

sormъ (“shame”) → *sormotьja (“disgrace”)

Denominal, forming apologetic abstract nouns with negative connotation

samъ (“alone”) → *samotьja (“solitute, loneliness”)
krivъ (“curved, awry”) → *krivotьja (“curvature; figur. petulant person”)
lošь (“bad”) → *lošetьja (“malice”)
tǫpъ (“dump”) → *tǫpotьja (“stupidity, stupid act”)
prostъ (“simple”) → *prostotьja (“simplicity, simpleton act”)

bědьnъ (“poor”) → Bulgarian беднотия (bednotija, “poverty”)
alčьnъ (“greedy, avid”) → *alčьnotьja (“excessive greed, avidity”)
tьmьnъ (“dark, dull”) → *tьmьnotьja (“pitch darkness”)
těsnъ (“narrow”) → *těsnotьja (“lack of space, slimness”)

Deadjectival, forming apologetic abstract nouns with negative connotation

mьrsiti (“to pollute, to defile”) → *mьrsotьja (“pollution”)

brъkati (“to stir, to mix”) → *brъkotьja (“disorder, absolute mess”)

Deverbial, forming apologetic abstract nouns with negative connotation


-ьnikъ

-ьnikъ (nominative singular)
-ьnika (dual nominative)
-ьnici (nominative plural)
-ьnika (genitive singular)
-ьniku (dual genitive)
-ьnikъ (genitive plural)
-ьniku (dative singular)
-ьnikoma (dative dual)
-ьnikomъ (dative plural)
-ьnikъ (accusative singular)
-ьnika (accusative dual)
-ьniky (accusative plural)
-ьnikъmь (instrumental singular)
-ьnikomь (instrumental singular)
-ьnikoma (dual instrumental)
-ьniky (instrumental plural)
-ьnicě (locative singular)
-ьniku (dual locative)
-ьnicěxъ (locative plural)
-ьniče (singular vocative)
-ьnika (dual vocative)
-ьnici (plural vocative)

Compound masculine suffix from *-ьnъ + *-ikъ. Parallel to *-ьnica f for derivatives in feminine gender.

pǫtь (“path”) → *pǫtьnikъ (“traveler, passenger”)

kry (“blood”) → *krъvьnikъ (“hangman, avenger”)

mętežь (“scuffle, mutiny”) → *mętežьnikъ (“rioter”)

orbota (“work”) → *orbotьnikъ (“worker”)

směхъ (“laughter”) → *směšьnikъ (“funnyman, clown”)

zakonъ (“law”) → *zakonьnikъ (“law-maker, lawyer, canon”)

From base concept nouns, forms agent nouns who execute or embark in the referred concept

dьrvo (“tree”) → *dьrvьnikъ (“block, log”)

peťь (“oven, cook”) → *peťьnikъ (“furnace”)

sъborъ (“aggregate, sum”) → *sъborьnikъ (“collection, anthology”)

From base object nouns, forms derivative object nouns

xubostь (“handsomeness”) → *xubostьnikъ (“handsome man”)

pakostь (“mischief, vicissitude”) → *pakostьnikъ (“varmint, trickster”)

From concept nouns in *-ostь, forms carrier nouns of the specified concept

protivъ (“against”) → *protivьnikъ (“opponent”)

nadъ (“over, upon”) → *nadьnikъ (“bonus”)

Pre-Slavic *porzdъ (“over there, forwards with skipping one”) → *porzdьnikъ (“holiday”)

From prepositions, forms subject nouns exhibiting the specified proposition


-ogъ

-ogъ (nominative singular)
-oga (dual nominative)
-odzi (nominative plural)
-oga (genitive singular)
-ogu (dual genitive)
-ogъ (genitive plural)
-ogu (dative singular)
-ogoma (dative dual)
-ogomъ (dative plural)
-ogъ (accusative singular)
-oga (accusative dual)
-ogy (accusative plural)
-ogъmь (instrumental singular)
-ogomь (instrumental singular)
-ogoma (dual instrumental)
-ogy (instrumental plural)
-odzě (locative singular)
-ogu (dual locative)
-odzěxъ (locative plural)
-ože (singular vocative)
-oga (dual vocative)
-odzi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: -огъ (-ogŭ)

Belarusian: -ог (-oh)

Russian: -ог (-og)

Ukrainian: -ог (-oh)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: -огъ (-ogŭ)

Bulgarian: -ог (-og)

Macedonian: -ог (-og)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -ог

Latin script: -og

Slovene: -og

West Slavic:

Czech: -oh

Polish: -og

Slovak: -oh

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: -oh

Lower Sorbian: -oh

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-agas. Cognates include Lithuanian -agas, Latvian -ags.
Additionally reflects Proto-Germanic *-ugaz in Germanic borrowings such as Proto-Slavic *xǫdogъ (“handy, dextrous”) from Proto-Germanic *handugaz.

cog

sъvarъ (“heat”) → *Sъvarogъ (“Svarog (Slavic god of fire)”)

pirъ (“fest, party”) → *pirogъ (“type of pie”)

batъ (“club, cudgel”) → *batogъ (“thick stick”)

tvarь (“creation”) → *tvarogъ (“quark”)

ostrъ (“sharp”) → *ostrogъ (“spike”)

bьrlъ (“messy, deranged”) → *bьrlogъ (“den”)

jьnъ (“other, another”) → *jьnogъ (“griffin”)

Deadjectival, forming attributive nouns.


-nikъ

-nikъ (nominative singular)
-nika (dual nominative)
-nici (nominative plural)
-nika (genitive singular)
-niku (dual genitive)
-nikъ (genitive plural)
-niku (dative singular)
-nikoma (dative dual)
-nikomъ (dative plural)
-nikъ (accusative singular)
-nika (accusative dual)
-niky (accusative plural)
-nikъmь (instrumental singular)
-nikomь (instrumental singular)
-nikoma (dual instrumental)
-niky (instrumental plural)
-nicě (locative singular)
-niku (dual locative)
-nicěxъ (locative plural)
-niče (singular vocative)
-nika (dual vocative)
-nici (plural vocative)

Compound of *-nъ + *-ikъ, cognate with Latvian -nieks.
The form *-nikъ seems to be prevalent mainly in East and South Slavic. West Slavic uses instead *-nьcь (from *-nъ + *-ьcь), e.g. Polish pomazaniec, wybraniec.

podati (“to yield”) → *podanikъ (“subject”)

vъstati (“to rise up”) → *vъstanikъ (“rebel, insurgent”)

From verbal root-stems, forms agent or object nouns.

věja (“branch”) → *věnikъ (“wreath”)

From nominal root-stems, forms object nouns.


kľьvati

kľьvàti (canonical imperfective)
kľunǫti (perfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
kľьvanьje (noun-from-verb)
kľьvati (infinitive)
kľьvatъ (supine)
kľьvalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
kľьvanъ (participle passive past)
kľujemъ (participle passive present)
kľьvavъ (active participle past)
kľuję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
kľьvaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kľьva (aorist second-person singular)
kľьva (aorist singular third-person)
kľujǫ (first-person present singular)
kľuješi (present second-person singular)
kľujetь (present singular third-person)
kľьvaxově (aorist dual first-person)
kľьvasta (aorist dual second-person)
kľьvaste (aorist dual third-person)
kľujevě (dual first-person present)
kľujeta (dual present second-person)
kľujete (dual present third-person)
kľьvaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kľьvaste (aorist plural second-person)
kľьvašę (aorist plural third-person)
kľujemъ (first-person plural present)
kľujete (plural present second-person)
kľujǫtь (plural present third-person)
kľьvaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kľьvaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kľьvaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kľuji (imperative second-person singular)
kľuji (imperative singular third-person)
kľьvaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kľьvaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kľьvaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kľujivě (dual first-person imperative)
kľujita (dual imperative second-person)
kľьvaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kľьvaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kľьvaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kľujimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kľujite (imperative plural second-person)

From an earlier *kľuti + *-ati, yet identical in meaning.


-okъ

-òkъ (canonical masculine)
-okъ (nominative singular)
-oka (dual nominative)
-oci (nominative plural)
-oka (genitive singular)
-oku (dual genitive)
-okъ (genitive plural)
-oku (dative singular)
-okoma (dative dual)
-okomъ (dative plural)
-okъ (accusative singular)
-oka (accusative dual)
-oky (accusative plural)
-okъmь (instrumental singular)
-okomь (instrumental singular)
-okoma (dual instrumental)
-oky (instrumental plural)
-ocě (locative singular)
-oku (dual locative)
-ocěxъ (locative plural)
-oče (singular vocative)
-oka (dual vocative)
-oci (plural vocative)

Nominal suffix, derived from *-kъ appended to o-stems *-ъ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-kós.

pъtъka (“duck”) → *pъtokъ (“drake”)

mečьka f (“bear”) → *mečokъ f (“bear”)

gǫsь (“goose”) → *gǫsokъ (“gander”)

myšь f (“mouse”) → *myšokъ m (“mouse”)

(Regional) From feminine animal nouns (usually in i-stem), forms the respective masculine counter-part (in South Slavic)

moldъ (“young”) → *moldokъ (“novice, youth, young tree”)

starъ (“old”) → *starokъ (“veteran, elderly”)

slěpъ (“blind”) → *slěpokъ (“blind creature/person”)

Pre-Slavic *sklǫbъ (“lateral”) → *xlǫbokъ (“hip”)

From adjectives, forms a carrier of the adjective

0-grade of *per (“for, per”) → *prokъ (“remnant, remainder”)

From prepositions, forms a carrier of the adjective


-okъ

-òkъ (canonical)
-okъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
-oka (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
-oko (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
-oka (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
-oky (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
-oka (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
-oku (dative indefinite masculine singular)
-ocě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
-oku (dative indefinite neuter singular)
-okъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
-okǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
-oko (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
-okomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
-okojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
-okomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
-ocě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
-ocě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
-ocě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
-oče (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
-oko (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
-oko (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
-oka (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
-ocě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
-ocě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
-oku (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
-oku (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
-oku (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
-okoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
-okama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
-okoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
-oka (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
-ocě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
-ocě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
-okoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
-okama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
-okoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
-oku (dual indefinite locative masculine)
-oku (dual feminine indefinite locative)
-oku (dual indefinite locative neuter)
-oka (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
-ocě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
-ocě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
-oci (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
-oky (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
-oka (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
-okъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
-okъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
-okъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
-okomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
-okamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
-okomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
-oky (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
-oky (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
-oka (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
-oky (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
-okami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
-oky (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
-ocěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
-okaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
-ocěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
-oci (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
-oky (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
-oka (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
-okъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
-okaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
-okoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
-okajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
-okyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
-okajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
-okujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
-ocěji (dative definite feminine singular)
-okujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
-okъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
-okǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
-okoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
-okyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
-okǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
-okyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
-ocějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
-ocěji (definite feminine locative singular)
-ocějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
-okъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
-okaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
-okoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
-okaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
-ocěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
-ocěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
-okuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
-okuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
-okuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
-okyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
-okyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
-okyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
-okaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
-ocěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
-ocěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
-okyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
-okyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
-okyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
-okuju (definite dual locative masculine)
-okuju (definite dual feminine locative)
-okuju (definite dual locative neuter)
-okaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
-ocěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
-ocěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
-ociji (definite masculine nominative plural)
-okyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
-okaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
-okъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
-okъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
-okъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
-okyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
-okyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
-okyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
-okyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
-okyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
-okaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
-okyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
-okyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
-okyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
-okyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
-okyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
-okyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
-ociji (definite masculine plural vocative)
-okyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
-okaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *-okъ (hard)

Definite declension of *-okъ (hard)

Adjectival suffix, derived from *-kъ appended to o-stems *-ъ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-kos.

glǫbь (“depth”) → *glǫbokъ (“deep”)

vysь (“height, elevation”) → *vysokъ (“high, elevated”)

širь (“scope, vast space”) → *širokъ (“wide”)

dalь (“distance”) → *dalekъ (“distant”)

žestь (“stiffness”) → *žestokъ (“cruel, severe”)

Pre-Slavic *grǫstь (“roughness, cavity”) → *grǫstokъ (“rough, sturdy”)

From gauge nouns in i-stem, forms adjectives with pertaining meaning: -y


kľuti

kľunǫti (perfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
klьvanьje (noun-from-verb)
kluti (infinitive)
klutъ (supine)
klьvalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
klьvanъ (participle passive past)
klьvomъ (participle passive present)
klьvavъ (active participle past)
klьvy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
klьvaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
klьva (aorist second-person singular)
klьva (aorist singular third-person)
klьvǫ (first-person present singular)
klьveši (present second-person singular)
klьvetь (present singular third-person)
klьvaxově (aorist dual first-person)
klьvasta (aorist dual second-person)
klьvaste (aorist dual third-person)
klьvevě (dual first-person present)
klьveta (dual present second-person)
klьvete (dual present third-person)
klьvaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
klьvaste (aorist plural second-person)
klьvašę (aorist plural third-person)
klьvemъ (first-person plural present)
klьvete (plural present second-person)
klьvǫtь (plural present third-person)
klьvaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
klьvaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
klьvaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
klьvi (imperative second-person singular)
klьvi (imperative singular third-person)
klьvaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
klьvaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
klьvaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
klьvěvě (dual first-person imperative)
klьvěta (dual imperative second-person)
klьvaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
klьvaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
klьvaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
klьvěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
klьvěte (imperative plural second-person)
c (accent-paradigm)
kľьvanьje (noun-from-verb)
kľьvati (infinitive)
kľьvatъ (supine)
kľьvalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
kľьvanъ (participle passive past)
kľujemъ (participle passive present)
kľьvavъ (active participle past)
kľuję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
kľьvaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kľьva (aorist second-person singular)
kľьva (aorist singular third-person)
kľujǫ (first-person present singular)
kľuješi (present second-person singular)
kľujetь (present singular third-person)
kľьvaxově (aorist dual first-person)
kľьvasta (aorist dual second-person)
kľьvaste (aorist dual third-person)
kľujevě (dual first-person present)
kľujeta (dual present second-person)
kľujete (dual present third-person)
kľьvaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kľьvaste (aorist plural second-person)
kľьvašę (aorist plural third-person)
kľujemъ (first-person plural present)
kľujete (plural present second-person)
kľujǫtь (plural present third-person)
kľьvaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kľьvaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kľьvaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kľuji (imperative second-person singular)
kľuji (imperative singular third-person)
kľьvaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kľьvaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kľьvaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kľujivě (dual first-person imperative)
kľujita (dual imperative second-person)
kľьvaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kľьvaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kľьvaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kľujimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kľujite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: кълва́ (kǎlvá)

Macedonian: колва (kolva)

East Slavic:

Russian: клева́ть (klevátʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: кльвати (klĭvati)

Bulgarian: клю́вам (kljúvam) (dialectal)

Slovene: kljeváti (archaic)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: klvati (“to peck”)

desc

Czech: klvati (obsolete), klíti (obsolete), klovat (“to peck”), klobat (uncommon), klubat se (“to hatch”)

Polish: klwać (dialectal)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: клюва́ць (kljuvácʹ)

Ukrainian: клюва́ти (kljuváty)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кљу̏вати

Latin script: kljȕvati

Slovene: kljuváti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

q

only the infinitive reflects <i class="Latn mention" lang="sla-pro">*kluti</i>

inflects as <i class="Latn mention" lang="sla-pro">*kľuvati</i>

Polish: kłuć (only the infinitive reflects *kluti, inflects as *kľuvati); Polish: kluć

Slovak: kľuvať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kluwać

Lower Sorbian: kluwaś

An archaic proto-form of *kolti (“to stab”) + *-uti, reflecting Proto-Balto-Slavic *kljautei, from Proto-Indo-European *klewh₂-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₂- (“to beat, to stab”). Survives only in Bulgarian and Macedonian. Other languages reflect the doublet *kľьvati, with an identical meaning. Cognate with Lithuanian kliū́ti (“to cleave”) and Latvian kļūt (“to become”).
The surviving descendants exhibit depalatalized root vowel, however, the original was most likely with a soft root vowel, i.e. *kľuti.


-yka

-ỳka (canonical feminine)
-yka (nominative singular)
-ycě (dual nominative)
-yky (nominative plural)
-yky (genitive singular)
-yku (dual genitive)
-ykъ (genitive plural)
-ycě (dative singular)
-ykama (dative dual)
-ykamъ (dative plural)
-ykǫ (accusative singular)
-ycě (accusative dual)
-yky (accusative plural)
-ykojǫ (instrumental singular)
-ykǫ (instrumental singular)
-ykama (dual instrumental)
-ykami (instrumental plural)
-ycě (locative singular)
-yku (dual locative)
-ykasъ (locative plural)
-ykaxъ (locative plural)
-yko (singular vocative)
-ycě (dual vocative)
-yky (plural vocative)

Uncertain. Probably a combination of *-y + *-ka. A fossilization of an older *-yja or a borrowed origin have been also proposed (see Proto-Germanic *-ungō, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *-n̥kʷ-).
Unlike *-ykъ which seems to be a mere extension of archaic masculine *-y nouns (cf. *ęzykъ (“tongue”) < Pre-Slavic *inźūˀ), *-yka appears to fulfill a genuine grammatical function.

motati (“to hurl, to reel”) → *motyka (“hoe, mattock”)

volděti (“to rule, to wield”) → *voldyka (“sovereign”)

kъldovati (“to conjure, to bewitch”) → *kъldyka (“sick, handicap person”)

xoditi (“to walk”) → *хоdyka (⇒ Belarusian хады́ка (xadýka, “walker”))

Deverbial, forms instruments or representees of the referred verb (rare)


-ьtъ

-ьtъ (nominative singular)
-ьta (dual nominative)
-ьti (nominative plural)
-ьta (genitive singular)
-ьtu (dual genitive)
-ьtъ (genitive plural)
-ьtu (dative singular)
-ьtoma (dative dual)
-ьtomъ (dative plural)
-ьtъ (accusative singular)
-ьta (accusative dual)
-ьty (accusative plural)
-ьtъmь (instrumental singular)
-ьtomь (instrumental singular)
-ьtoma (dual instrumental)
-ьty (instrumental plural)
-ьtě (locative singular)
-ьtu (dual locative)
-ьtěxъ (locative plural)
-ьte (singular vocative)
-ьta (dual vocative)
-ьti (plural vocative)

Derived from *-tъ appended to i-stems *-ь and possibly yo-stems *-jь, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-tós. Reflects Latin *-(ē)tum in acētum (“vinegar”), borrowed as South Slavic *ocьtъ.

skrьžьtъ (“grinding of teeth, sorrow”) ← *skrьžiti (“to scratch, to gnash one's teeth”)

klьčьtъ (“clatter of teeth, screech”) (along with *klekotъ) ← *klekati (“to cry, to clatter”)

From basic roots, forms onomatopoeic event nouns (in 0-grade)

xrьbьtъ (“ditch, tooth”) ← *xribъ (“hill”)

mьčьta (“dream”) ← *mikъ (“tremble, vibration, shimmer”)

From nouns (or corresponding verbs), forms expressive synonyms of the original noun (in 0-grade)


skovorda

skovordà (canonical feminine)
c (accent-paradigm)
skovordà (nominative singular)
skȍvordě (dual nominative)
skȍvordy (nominative plural)
skovordý (genitive singular)
skovordù (dual genitive)
skovõrdъ (genitive plural)
skovordě̀ (dative singular)
skovordàma (dative dual)
skovordàmъ (dative plural)
skȍvordǫ (accusative singular)
skȍvordě (accusative dual)
skȍvordy (accusative plural)
skovordojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
skovordàma (dual instrumental)
skovordàmi (instrumental plural)
skȍvordě (locative singular)
skovordù (dual locative)
skovordàsъ (locative plural)
skovordàxъ (locative plural)
skovordo (singular vocative)
skȍvordě (dual vocative)
skȍvordy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сковорода (skovoroda)

Belarusian: скаварада́ (skavaradá)

Russian: сковорода́ (skovorodá)

Ukrainian: сковорода́ (skovorodá)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: сковрада (skovrada)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: skravada, skrovada

Polish: skowroda

Upper Sorbian: škorodej

Lower Sorbian: škórodej

Likely borrowed from the Ancient Greek or Iranian source of Old Armenian սկաւառակ (skawaṙak, “saucer, plate”), which probably represents Iranian *skavarid-ak, containing the well-known suffix -ակ (-ak). Compare Persian سکوره (sokôra, “earthen dish, saucer”), Ancient Greek σκευάριον (skeuárion), σκευαρίδιον (skeuarídion, “small vessel”). Also found in Lithuanian skarvadà (“frying pan”).


-itъ

-ìtъ (canonical)
-itъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
-ita (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
-ito (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
-ita (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
-ity (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
-ita (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
-itu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
-itě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
-itu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
-itъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
-itǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
-ito (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
-itomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
-itojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
-itomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
-itě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
-itě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
-itě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
-ite (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
-ito (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
-ito (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
-ita (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
-itě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
-itě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
-itu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
-itu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
-itu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
-itoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
-itama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
-itoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
-ita (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
-itě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
-itě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
-itoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
-itama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
-itoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
-itu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
-itu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
-itu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
-ita (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
-itě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
-itě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
-iti (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
-ity (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
-ita (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
-itъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
-itъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
-itъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
-itomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
-itamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
-itomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
-ity (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
-ity (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
-ita (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
-ity (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
-itami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
-ity (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
-itěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
-itaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
-itěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
-iti (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
-ity (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
-ita (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
-itъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
-itaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
-itoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
-itajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
-ityję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
-itajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
-itujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
-itěji (dative definite feminine singular)
-itujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
-itъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
-itǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
-itoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
-ityjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
-itǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
-ityjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
-itějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
-itěji (definite feminine locative singular)
-itějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
-itъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
-itaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
-itoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
-itaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
-itěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
-itěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
-ituju (definite dual genitive masculine)
-ituju (definite dual feminine genitive)
-ituju (definite dual genitive neuter)
-ityjima (dative definite dual masculine)
-ityjima (dative definite dual feminine)
-ityjima (dative definite dual neuter)
-itaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
-itěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
-itěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
-ityjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
-ityjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
-ityjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
-ituju (definite dual locative masculine)
-ituju (definite dual feminine locative)
-ituju (definite dual locative neuter)
-itaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
-itěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
-itěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
-itiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
-ityję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
-itaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
-itъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
-itъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
-itъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
-ityjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
-ityjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
-ityjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
-ityję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
-ityję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
-itaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
-ityjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
-ityjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
-ityjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
-ityjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
-ityjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
-ityjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
-itiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
-ityję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
-itaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *-itъ (hard)

Definite declension of *-itъ (hard)

Derived from *-tъ appended to *-éyti proverbal ending, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-tós.

jьmę (“name”) → *jьmenitъ (“famous”)

znamę (“flag, standard”) → *znamenitъ (“famous, well-known”)

sěmę (“seed”) → *sěmenitъ (“prolific, copious”)

plemę (“tribe”) → *plemenitъ (“noble”)

From nouns in *-mę, forms adjectives denoting property or a characteristic

čьstь (“honour”) → *čьstitъ (“honorous”)
mastь (“fat, grease”) → *mastitъ (“fatty, greasy”)

sьrdьce (“heart”) → *sьrditi → *sьrditъ (“sullen, irate”)
avьnъ (“apparent”) → *avìti → *avitъ (“revealed, apparent”)

From abstract nouns in i-stem, forms adjectives denoting possession of the referred characteristic

uporъ (“stoppage, stand-off”) → *uporitъ (“persistent”)

narokъ (“verdict”) → *naročitъ (“special, decided”)

From o-stem nouns, forms adjectives denoting an abstract characteristic

From archaic u-stem nouns:

domъ (“home”) → *domovitъ (“pertaining to a household”)

(j)ědъ (“poison, resentment”) → *(j)ědovitъ (“poisonous, resentful”)

From o-stem nouns:

plodъ (“fruit”) → *plodovitъ (“fruitful”)

morkъ (“darkness”) → *morkovitъ (“grim, murky”)

From nouns extended transferred into adjectives via *-ovъ, forms adjectives denoting property or characteristic. Equivalent to *-ovitъ


vapьno

vapьnò (canonical)
vápьno (canonical neuter)
vapьno (nominative singular)
vapьně (dual nominative)
vapьna (nominative plural)
vapьna (genitive singular)
vapьnu (dual genitive)
vapьnъ (genitive plural)
vapьnu (dative singular)
vapьnoma (dative dual)
vapьnomъ (dative plural)
vapьno (accusative singular)
vapьně (accusative dual)
vapьna (accusative plural)
vapьnъmь (instrumental singular)
vapьnomь (instrumental singular)
vapьnoma (dual instrumental)
vapьny (instrumental plural)
vapьně (locative singular)
vapьnu (dual locative)
vapьněxъ (locative plural)
vapьno (singular vocative)
vapьně (dual vocative)
vapьna (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вапьно (vapĭno)

Old Ruthenian: вапно (vapno)

Belarusian: вапна (vapna)

Ukrainian: ва́пно (vápno)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: *вапьно (*vapĭno)

desc

ⱂⱁⰲⰰⱂⱐⱀⰵⱀⱁⰿⱏ

⇒ Old Church Slavonic: ⱂⱁⰲⰰⱂⱐⱀⰵⱀⱁⰿⱏ (povapĭnenomŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ва́пно

Latin script: vápno

Slovene: ápno (from older jápno, vapno)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vápno

Czech: vápno

Old Polish: wapno

Polish: wapno

Slovak: vápno

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: vapno

Formed as *vapъ (“dye”) + *-ьno; beyond that, of uncertain origin. Supposed to be related to Latvian vãpe (“glaze”), Old Prussian woapis (“dye”). Other similar lemmas in Indo-European languages, with no certain relation, include Latin vapor (“steam”), Albanian vapë (“hot weather”).
The verb вапсати (vapsati, “to paint”), which has spread among some daughter languages via Church Slavonic, is generally disregarded as a potential relative. The later is derived from the aorist of Ancient Greek βάπτω (báptō, “to soak, to dye”).