aby

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: абꙑ (aby)

Old Ruthenian: абы (aby)

Belarusian: абы (aby)

Ukrainian: аби́ (abý)

Russian: абы́ (abý), а́бы (áby)

Old Novgorodian: абꙑ (aby)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: абꙑ (aby)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: abë

Old Czech: aby
Czech: aby

desctree

Old Polish: aby
Polish: aby
Silesian: aby

Slovak: aby

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: aby

Upper Sorbian: aby


a-

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō-, from Proto-Indo-European *ō-. Compare Sanskrit आ- (ā-) (आनील (ānīla, “bluish”), नील (nīla, “blue”)), Ancient Greek ὠ- (ō-).

abrědъ, *abrędъ ← *brěd- / *bręd-

abolnь ← *bolna

agolvo ← *golva (“kill, killed”)

aduxa / *adušь (“dyspnea”) ← *duxati (“to breathe”) / *duxъ (“breath”) (cp. *zaduxa)

ašutь ← *šutъ / *šutiti

avorъ ← *vorъ (cp. *zavorъ < *zaverti)

apadь ← *pasti (cp. *zapadь)

adera ← *derti / *derǫ

avidь?, *avida?

avodь?

arębъ?

askǫdь?


i

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: и (i)
Old Ruthenian: и (i)
Belarusian: і (i), й (j)
Carpathian Rusyn: й (j)
Ukrainian: і (i), й (j)
Russian: и (i) (see there for further descendants)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: и (i)

Glagolitic: ⰹ (i)

Bulgarian: и (i)

Macedonian: и (i)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: и

Latin script: i

Slovene: in, i

West Slavic:

Czech: i

Old Polish: i
Polish: i
Silesian: i

Slovak: i

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: i, ë

Slovincian: ë

From Proto-Indo-European *ei, an early locative singular determiner, formed from the root *h₁é-, *h₁o-. Compare Ancient Greek εἰ (ei, “if”), Gothic 𐌴𐌹 (ei, “and, so that, be it”). Follows from ablative Proto-Indo-European *ed.


o

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: о (o)

Belarusian: го (ho), о (o) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: о (o)

Russian: о (o)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: о (o)

Bulgarian: о (o)

Macedonian: о (o)

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: o

Cyrillic script: о

Slovene: ō

West Slavic:

Czech: o, ó

Old Polish: o
Polish: o

Slovak: o, ó

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: o

Upper Sorbian: o

Pomeranian:

Slovincian: o

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *ō, ultimately a natural expression. Compare Ancient Greek ὦ (ô), Latin ō, Old Irish a, Gothic 𐍉 (ō), Old Armenian ով (ov), Albanian o. Although the Proto-Indo-European form is reconstructed, this interjection could arise at any stage.
As Trubachyov, there is no linkage to other Indo-European interjections.

inh+

Used before a noun in the vocative; O...


my

jãzъ (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
ty̑ (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
mę̑ (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
tę̑ (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sę̑ (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mȅne (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
tȅbe (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
sȅbe (genitive personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mьně̀ (first-person locative personal pronoun singular)
tebě̀ (locative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sebě̀ (locative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mьně̀ (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
tebě̀ (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
ti (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sebě̀ (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
si (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mъnòjǫ (first-person instrumental personal pronoun singular)
mъnojǫ̀ (first-person instrumental personal pronoun singular)
tobòjǫ (instrumental personal pronoun second-person singular)
tobojǫ̀ (instrumental personal pronoun second-person singular)
sobòjǫ (instrumental personal pronoun reflexive singular)
sobojǫ̀ (instrumental personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mojь (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
tvojь (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
svojь (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular)
vě̑ (dual first-person nominative personal pronoun)
vȃ (dual nominative personal pronoun second-person)
nȃ (accusative dual first-person personal pronoun)
vȃ (accusative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sę̑ (accusative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
nàju (dual first-person genitive personal pronoun)
vàju (dual genitive personal pronoun second-person)
sȅbe (dual genitive personal pronoun reflexive)
nàju (dual first-person locative personal pronoun)
vàju (dual locative personal pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (dual locative personal pronoun reflexive)
nàma (dative dual first-person personal pronoun)
vàma (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
va (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
si (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
nàma (dual first-person instrumental personal pronoun)
vàma (dual instrumental personal pronoun second-person)
sobòjǫ (dual instrumental personal pronoun reflexive)
sobojǫ̀ (dual instrumental personal pronoun reflexive)
našь (dual first-person personal possessive pronoun)
vašь (dual personal possessive pronoun second-person)
svojь (dual personal possessive pronoun reflexive)
my̑ (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
vy̑ (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
ny̑ (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
vy̑ (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sę̑ (accusative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàsъ (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
vàsъ (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
sȅbe (genitive personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàsъ (first-person locative personal plural pronoun)
vàsъ (locative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (locative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàmъ (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
vàmъ (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
si (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàmi (first-person instrumental personal plural pronoun)
vàmi (instrumental personal plural pronoun second-person)
sobòjǫ (instrumental personal plural pronoun reflexive)
sobojǫ̀ (instrumental personal plural pronoun reflexive)
našь (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
vašь (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
svojь (personal plural possessive pronoun reflexive)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мꙑ (my)

Old Ruthenian: мы (my)

Belarusian: мы (my)

Carpathian Rusyn: мы (mŷ)

Ukrainian: ми (my)

Russian: мы (my)

Old Novgorodian: мꙑ (my)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: мꙑ (my)

Glagolitic script: [Term?]

Bulgarian: ние (nie) (re-formed by analogy)

Macedonian: ние (nie) (re-formed by analogy), ми (mi) (dialectal), мие (mie) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ми̑

Latin script: mȋ

Slovene: mȋ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: my

Czech: my

Old Polish: my
Polish: my
Silesian: my

Slovak: my

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: më

Slovincian: më

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: my

Upper Sorbian: my

From Proto-Indo-European *wéy, with an irregular change from *w- to *m- (whence *méy). The same irregular change happened in middle Indo-Iranian languages and German dialects. Cognate with Lithuanian mẽs and Old Armenian մեք (mekʻ).


mi

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ми (mi)

Bulgarian: ми (mi)

Macedonian: ми (mi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ми

Latin script: mi

Slovene: mi

West Slavic:

Czech: mi

Polish: mi

Slovak: mi


zima

zimà (canonical feminine)
c (accent-paradigm)
zimà (nominative singular)
zȋmě (dual nominative)
zȋmy (nominative plural)
zimý (genitive singular)
zimù (dual genitive)
zĩmъ (genitive plural)
zimě̀ (dative singular)
zimàma (dative dual)
zimàmъ (dative plural)
zȋmǫ (accusative singular)
zȋmě (accusative dual)
zȋmy (accusative plural)
zimojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
zimàma (dual instrumental)
zimàmi (instrumental plural)
zȋmě (locative singular)
zimù (dual locative)
zimàsъ (locative plural)
zimàxъ (locative plural)
zimo (singular vocative)
zȋmě (dual vocative)
zȋmy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: зима (zima)
Old Ruthenian: зима (zima)
Belarusian: зіма́ (zimá)
Carpathian Rusyn: зи́ма (zýma)
Ukrainian: зима́ (zymá)
Russian: зима́ (zimá)

Old Novgorodian: ꙁима (zima)

Old Pskovian: жима (žima)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: зима (zima)

Glagolitic: ⰸⰹⰿⰰ (zima)

Bulgarian: зи́ма (zíma)

Macedonian: зи́ма (zíma)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: зи́ма

Latin script: zíma

Slovene: zíma (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: zima

Czech: zima

Kashubian: zëma

Polabian: zaimă

Old Polish: zima

Polish: zima

Slovak: zima

Slovincian: zëma

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: zyma

Lower Sorbian: zyma

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ.


sy

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: сꙑ (sy)

→ Belarusian: су́шчы (súščy)

→ Russian: су́щий (súščij)

→ Ukrainian: су́щий (súščyj)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: су̏штӣ

Latin script: sȕštī

Bulgarian: същ (sǎšt)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сући

Latin script: sući

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jsa

Czech: jsa, jsouc, jsouce, jsoucí

Old Polish: sę, sąc, sący

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sants, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁sónts.
Baltic cognate is
Lithuanian sañt (transgr.).
Indo-European cognates are
Sanskrit सत् (sat), सत्य (satya),
Ancient Greek ὤν (ṓn),
Latin praesēns, absēns, sōns, sonticus,
Proto-Germanic *sanþaz, *sunjaz.
According to Vasmer, Ukrainian су́тий (sútyj) may be derived from consonant stem (*sǫtь). Compare *mogǫt-, *slovǫtь, *žьmǫtь.


kara

kara (nominative singular)
karě (dual nominative)
kary (nominative plural)
kary (genitive singular)
karu (dual genitive)
karъ (genitive plural)
karě (dative singular)
karama (dative dual)
karamъ (dative plural)
karǫ (accusative singular)
karě (accusative dual)
kary (accusative plural)
karojǫ (instrumental singular)
karǫ (instrumental singular)
karama (dual instrumental)
karami (instrumental plural)
karě (locative singular)
karu (dual locative)
karasъ (locative plural)
karaxъ (locative plural)
karo (singular vocative)
karě (dual vocative)
kary (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ка́ра (kára)

Russian: ка́ра (kára)

Ukrainian: ка́ра (kára)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: кара (kara)

Glagolitic: ⰽⰰⱃⰰ (kara)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ка̑р

Latin script: kа̑r

Slovene: kа̑r

West Slavic:

Czech: kára

Lechitic:

Kashubian: kara (“punishment”)

Polish: kara (“punishment”)

Silesian: kara (“punishment”)

Slovak: kára


dada

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: дꙗ́дꙗ (djádja, “uncle; prince's tutor”) (with expressive palatalization)

Old Ruthenian: дꙗ́дꙗ (djádja, “uncle”)

Belarusian: дзя́дзя (dzjádzja, “uncle; older man”) (childish)

Carpathian Rusyn: дя́дя (djádja, “uncle”)

Ukrainian: дя́дя (djádja, “uncle; older man”); дя́дьо (djádʹo, “father”) (dialectal)

→ Polish: dziadzia, dziadzio (“uncle”) (dialectal)

→ Lithuanian: dė̃dė (“uncle”)

Russian: дя́дя (djádja); де́дя (dédja), дядь (djadʹ, “uncle; older man”) (dialectal) (see there for further descendants)

Old Novgorodian: дꙗ́дꙗ (djádja)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: да́да f (dáda, “older sister”), деда (deda), до́да (dóda, “nanny”) (dialectal)

Macedonian: дада f (dada, “older sister”); дода (doda) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: да̏да (“older sister”), да̂до (“dad”), до́да f (“mom”), да̄де̏ (dialectal)

Latin script: dȁda (“older sister”), dâdo (“dad”), dóda f (“mom”), dādȅ (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Polish: dåda (“grandmother; grandfather”), dωda (dialectal)

Slovak: dada f (“nanny, wet nurse”) (obsolete); ďad, ďaď, ďaďo (“elder, leader”)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: dowda, dou̯da (“grandma”) (dialectal)

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: džadža (“father's brother, uncle”)

From nursery language. Reduplication of *da, possibly the result of voicing *ta, from *tàta (“father”). Compare *màma (“mother”), *bàba (“grandmother”) and *tetà (“aunt”).
Apparently, we should abandon Sobolevsky's etymology, according to which Old East Slavic дꙗ́дꙗ (djádja, “uncle”), дѧ́дѧ, from *дѣ́дѧ < дѣ́дъ (dě́dŭ) < Proto-Slavic *dě̀dъ (“grandfather”).

onomatopoeic

nursery language

(childish) senior relative in the family (father, uncle, older woman, etc.)

Oleg Trubachyov
be:Віктар Уладзіміравіч Мартынаў
ru:Аникин, Александр Евгеньевич
ru:Черных, Павел Яковлевич
ru:Шанский, Николай Максимович
uk:Мельничук Олександр Савич


suka

sùka (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
sùka (nominative singular)
sùcě (dual nominative)
sùky (nominative plural)
sùky (genitive singular)
sùku (dual genitive)
sùkъ (genitive plural)
sùcě (dative singular)
sùkama (dative dual)
sùkamъ (dative plural)
sùkǫ (accusative singular)
sùcě (accusative dual)
sùky (accusative plural)
sùkojǫ (instrumental singular)
sùkǭ (instrumental singular)
sùkama (dual instrumental)
sùkamī (instrumental plural)
sùcě (locative singular)
sùku (dual locative)
sùkasъ (locative plural)
sùkaxъ (locative plural)
sùko (singular vocative)
sùcě (dual vocative)
sùky (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: сука (suka)
Old Ruthenian: *сука (*suka)
Belarusian: су́ка́ (súká)
Carpathian Rusyn: су́ка (súka)
Ukrainian: су́ка (súka)
Russian: су́ка (súka)

West Slavic:

Czech: suka (dialectal, archaic)

Old Polish: *suka

Polish: suka; sula (17ᵗʰ c.)

Silesian: suka

Old Slovak: suka

Pannonian Rusyn: сука (suka)

Slovak: suka

Polabian: sau̯ko, sai̯ko

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: sëka

→ German: Zauke (dialectal)

Non-Slavic:

→ Latvian: suka

→ Hungarian: szuka

desc

→ Urum: сука

→ Urum: сука

Unknown. There are several proposals:
* from Proto-Indo-European *ḱowk-eh₂ (literally “she who howls”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewk- (“to cry, shout, howl”)
* from Proto-Indo-European *sewH- (“to give birth”) with original meaning “female”, possibly with suffix *-ka, compare Czech fena (“bitch”), from French femme (“woman”)
Less likely related to *cu (interjection, used to call out the dogs) > *cucьkъ (“dog”). Borrowing from Old Persian *𐏂𐎣 (*çaka-) (see Persian سگ (sag)) is also unlikely.
For the suffix *-(ъ)ka, *-(ь)ka forming female animal names cf. *aščerъka, *kotъka, *lišьka, *jalovъka.

der

Nauka (publisher)
Oleg Trubachyov
be:Генадзь Апанасавіч Цыхун
uk:Мельничук Олександр Савич


ba

East Slavic:

Russian: ба (ba) (rare)

Ukrainian: ба (ba, “wow!”)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ба (ba) (rare)

Macedonian: ба (ba) (rare, dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ба̏ (“wow!”)

Latin script: bȁ (“wow!”)

West Slavic:

Czech: ba

Old Polish: ba

Polish: ba

Slovak: ba

Sorbian

Lower Sorbian: ba

Likely from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ (affirmative adverb), cognate with Ancient Greek φή (phḗ, “like, as”), Avestan 𐬠𐬁 (bā, “indeed”).

yes, yeah (a term used to indicate general agreement)

→ wow, really (interjection expressing surprise, astonishment)


mama

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: *ма́ма (*máma)
Old Ruthenian: ма́ма (máma)
Belarusian: ма́ма (máma)
Carpathian Rusyn: ма́ма (máma)
Ukrainian: ма́ма (máma)
Middle Russian: ма́ма (máma)
Russian: ма́ма (máma)
→ Ingrian: mama

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Church Slavonic: мама (mama)

Bulgarian: ма́ма (máma); ма́мъ (mámǎ) (dialectal)

Macedonian: мама (mama)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ма̏ма, ма́ма; ма̃ма (dialectal)

Latin script: mȁma, máma; mãma (dialectal)

Slovene: máma (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: máma
Czech: máma

Old Polish: mama
Polish: mama
Silesian: mama

Old Slovak: mama
Slovak: mama

Polabian: mama, mamă

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: mëma

Slovincian: mëma

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: mama

Upper Sorbian: mama

A nursery word. Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *mā́ˀmāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂-meh₂, a reduplication of *méh₂- < *méh₂tēr (“mother”). Cognate with Lithuanian mamà, dialectal momà, Latvian mama.

inh+

(childish) mama, mummy, mommy, mum, mom (mother)

ętry

sister-in-law (husband's brother's wife)


do

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: до (do)
Old Ruthenian: до (do)
Belarusian: да (da)
Carpathian Rusyn: до (do)
Ukrainian: до (do)
Russian: до (do)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: до (do)

Glagolitic script: ⰴⱁ (do)

Bulgarian: до (do)

Macedonian: до (do)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: до̏

Latin script: dȍ

Slovene: do (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: do
Czech: do

Old Polish: do
Polish: do
Silesian: do

Slovak: do

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: do

Slovincian: dô

Polabian: dü

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: do

Upper Sorbian: do

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *da, from Proto-Indo-European *de. Cognate with Latvian da, dialectal Lithuanian da-, Proto-Germanic *tō.

(with genitive) before, by (a certain time), not later than


mana

manà (canonical feminine)
manà (nominative singular)
maně (dual nominative)
many (nominative plural)
many (genitive singular)
manu (dual genitive)
manъ (genitive plural)
maně (dative singular)
manama (dative dual)
manamъ (dative plural)
manǫ (accusative singular)
maně (accusative dual)
many (accusative plural)
manojǫ (instrumental singular)
manǫ (instrumental singular)
manama (dual instrumental)
manami (instrumental plural)
maně (locative singular)
manu (dual locative)
manasъ (locative plural)
manaxъ (locative plural)
mano (singular vocative)
maně (dual vocative)
many (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: манъ m (manŭ), мана f (mana)

Belarusian: мана́ (maná), мань (manʹ)

Russian: мана́ (maná), ман (man)

Ukrainian: мана́ (maná)

West Slavic:

Polish: man (dialectal)

Probably an n-extension of Proto-Indo-European *meh₂- (“to manipulate; great, good”), cognate with Latin mānēs (“ancestral spirits”), Latin manus (“hand, mound”). It is speculated that the initial meaning of the root is to make gestures → to manipulate (in Slavic) / to worship, pray (in Latin) → deception (in Slavic) / goodness (in Latin).
Despite the resemblance, a relation with Ancient Greek μανία (manía, “madness”) and Lithuanian mõnas (“apparition”) is doubtful. The later are usually derived from *men- (“to mind”).


ano

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ано (ano), анъ (anŭ)

Old Ruthenian: ано (ano)

Belarusian: ано́ (anó) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: а́но́ (ánó) (dialectal)

Russian: ан (an), а́но́ (ánó) (dialectal, archaic)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ано́ (anó)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ано̑ (dialectal)

Latin script: anȏ (dialectal)

Slovene: àn; àno (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: an m, ana f, ano n

Czech: ano

Old Polish: ano

Polish: ano

Slovak: áno; an, án (dialectal)


bi

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⰱⰹ (bi)

second-person singular conditional of *byti


bi

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⰱⰹ (bi), ⰱⰻ (bi)

Old Cyrillic script: би (bi)

Old Slovene: bi (unless *by)

third-person singular conditional of *byti


bo

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: бо (bo)
Old Ruthenian: бо (bo)
Belarusian: бо (bo)
Carpathian Rusyn: бо (bo)
Ukrainian: бо (bo)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: бо (bo)

Glagolitic: ⰱⱁ (bo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бо

Latin script: bo

West Slavic:

Old Czech: bo

Czech: bo (dialectal)

Kashubian: bò

Old Polish: bo
Polish: bo
Silesian: bo

Old Slovak: bo

Pannonian Rusyn: бо (bo)

Slovak: bo

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: bo

Lower Sorbian: bo

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ba, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰo. According to ЭССЯ it is a prosodic variant of *ba.


by

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: бꙑ (by)

Old Ruthenian: бы (by)

Ukrainian: (dialectal) би (by)

Russian: бы (by)

Old Novgorodian: бꙑ (by)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: bi

Cyrillic script: би

Slovene: bi

West Slavic:

Old Czech: by
Czech: by

Old Polish: by
Polish: by
Silesian: by

Slovak: (poetic) by

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: bë

Slovincian: bë

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: by

Upper Sorbian: by

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

second-person singular perfective aorist of *byti

third-person singular perfective aorist of *byti


u

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: у (u)
Old Ruthenian: у (u)
Belarusian: у (u)
Carpathian Rusyn: у (u)
Ukrainian: у (u)
Russian: у (u)

Old Novgorodian: оу (u)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: оу (u)

Bulgarian: у (u)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: у

Latin script: u

Slovene: u

West Slavic:

Old Czech: u
Czech: u

Old Polish: u
Polish: u
Silesian: u

Slovak: u

Polabian: ai̯, au̯

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: ù

Slovincian: wù

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wu

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *au, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew. Cognate with Lithuanian au-.


kopa

kopà (canonical feminine)
c (accent-paradigm)
kopà (nominative singular)
kȍpě (dual nominative)
kȍpy (nominative plural)
kopý (genitive singular)
kopù (dual genitive)
kòpъ (genitive plural)
kopě̀ (dative singular)
kopàma (dative dual)
kopàmъ (dative plural)
kȍpǫ (accusative singular)
kȍpě (accusative dual)
kȍpy (accusative plural)
kopojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
kopàma (dual instrumental)
kopàmi (instrumental plural)
kȍpě (locative singular)
kopù (dual locative)
kopàsъ (locative plural)
kopàxъ (locative plural)
kopo (singular vocative)
kȍpě (dual vocative)
kȍpy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: копа́ (kopá)

Ukrainian: копа́ (kopá)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: копа́ (kopá)

Macedonian: копа (kopa)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ко̏па

Latin script: kȍpa

Slovene: kópa

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kopa

Czech: kopa

Kashubian: kòpa

Polish: kopa

Slovak: kopa

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: kора

Upper Sorbian: kора

Resultant noun of *kopati (“to dig”) + *-a, cognate with Latvian kaps (“grave”), Lithuanian kãpas (“grave”).


ta

uk:Мельничук Олександр Савич

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: та (ta)

Old Ruthenian: та (ta)

Belarusian: та (ta)

Carpathian Rusyn: та (ta)

Ukrainian: та (ta)

→ Polish: ta (dialectal)

→ Slovak: ta (dialectal)

Russian: та (ta) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: та (ta)

Glagolitic script: ⱅⰰ (ta)

Bulgarian: та (ta)

Macedonian: та (ta)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: та̏

Latin script: tȁ

Slovene: ta

Cognates include Hittite 𒋫 (ta, “and”), Ancient Greek τῷ (tôi, “then”), Sanskrit तात् (tāt, “thus, then”).


ni

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ни (ni)
Old Ruthenian: ни (ni)
Belarusian: ні (ni)
Carpathian Rusyn: ни (ny)
Ukrainian: ні (ni)
Russian: ни (ni)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: ни (ni)

Glagolitic script: ⱀⰹ (ni)

Bulgarian: ни (ni)

Macedonian: ни (ni)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ни, ⇒ ни̏ти

Latin script: ni, ⇒ nȉti

⇒ Slovene: niti

West Slavic:

Czech: ni (archaic)

⇒ Czech: ani

Polish: ni

⇒ Polish: ani

Old Slovak: ni (archaic)

⇒ Pannonian Rusyn: анї (anji)

⇒ Slovak: ani

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: ni, nje

Lower Sorbian: ni

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *nei, from Proto-Indo-European *nе́y, a locative case of Proto-Indo-European *ne (“not”). Cognate with Latvian and Lithuanian nei and related to Latin nī, Proto-Germanic *nai.


li

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *lei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (pronominal root). Cognates include Lithuanian -li (as in nùli (“now, just now”), juoli (“especially, all the more so”)), Latvian -lei, -lai (as in nulei, nulai (“now, just now”)), and probably Lithuanian lai (“let”) and Latvian lai (“let”). Other cognates include Latin olle.


li

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ли (li), ль (lĭ)

Old Ruthenian: ли (li), ль (lʹ)

Belarusian: лi (li)

Ukrainian: ли (ly) (dialectal)

Russian: ли (li), ль (lʹ); ле (le) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: ли (li)

Glagolitic script: ⰾⰺ (li)

Bulgarian: ли (li)

Macedonian: ли (li)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ли

Latin script: li

Slovene: li (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: li

Old Polish: li

Polish: li (obsolete)

Slovak: li

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: li

Lower Sorbian: li


ne

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: не (ne)

Belarusian: не (nje), ня (nja) (unstressed)

Russian: не (ne)

Carpathian Rusyn: не (ne), нї (nji)

Ukrainian: не (ne)

Old Novgorodian: не (ne)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: не (ne)

Glagolitic script: ⱀⰵ (ne)

Bulgarian: не (ne)

Macedonian: не (ne)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: не

Latin: ne

Slovene: nȅ, ne (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: ne
Czech: ne

desctree

Old Polish: nie
Polish: nie
Silesian: niy

Old Slovak: nie

Pannonian Rusyn: нє (nje)

Slovak: nie

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: nié

Slovincian: njê

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: ně, nje-

Upper Sorbian: ně, nje-

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne.


tu

East Slavic:

Belarusian: тут (tut)

Russian: тут (tut)

Carpathian Rusyn: ту (tu), туй (tuj)

Ukrainian: тут (tut)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ту (tu)

Bulgarian: тук (tuk), тука (tuka)

Macedonian: тука (tuka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ту

Latin script: tu

Slovene: tȕ, tȗkaj (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: tu
Czech: tu

Old Polish: tu
Polish: tu

Old Slovak: tu

Pannonian Rusyn: ту (tu)

Slovak: tu

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: tu

Slovincian: tú


lava

lavà (canonical feminine)
c (accent-paradigm)
lavà (nominative singular)
lȃvě (dual nominative)
lȃvy (nominative plural)
lavý (genitive singular)
lavù (dual genitive)
lãvъ (genitive plural)
lavě̀ (dative singular)
lavàma (dative dual)
lavàmъ (dative plural)
lȃvǫ (accusative singular)
lȃvě (accusative dual)
lȃvy (accusative plural)
lavojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
lavàma (dual instrumental)
lavàmi (instrumental plural)
lȃvě (locative singular)
lavù (dual locative)
lavàsъ (locative plural)
lavàxъ (locative plural)
lavo (singular vocative)
lȃvě (dual vocative)
lȃvy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ла́ва (láva), ла́вка (lávka)

desc

Belarusian: ла́ва (láva), ла́ўка (láŭka)

Russian: ла́ва (láva), ла́вка (lávka)

Ukrainian: ла́ва (láva), ла́вка (lávka)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ла́вица (lávica), лави́ца (lavíca)

Slovene: láva

West Slavic:

Old Czech: lava

Czech: lávka, but lava (the dialectal), lavice

Moravian (Mistřice): u̯ava

Kashubian: łωwka, but łava

Polish: ława, ławka, but łåfka (dialectal), u̯ava (Lesser Poland)

Slovak: lávka, but lavica

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *lā́ˀwāˀ (“place to sleep”); cognate with Lithuanian lóva (“bed”), Latvian lâva (“sweat bench, bench in the bath room, bench at the bar oven or at the parlour oven, sleeping place”).


po

East Slavic:

Belarusian: по (po), па (pa)

Russian: по (po)

Carpathian Rusyn: по (po)

Ukrainian: по (po)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: по (po)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⱁ (po)

Bulgarian: по (po)

Macedonian: по (po)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: по

Latin script: po

Slovene: po (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: po
Czech: po

Old Polish: po
Polish: po
Silesian: po

Slovak: po

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: pò, pó

Slovincian: pô

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: po

Lower Sorbian: pó

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pa, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂pó. Balto-Slavic cognates include Latvian pa, Lithuanian pa-, Old Prussian pa-, po-.
Indo-European cognates include Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀢 (a-pu), Sanskrit अप- (ápa-, “away, off”), Latin ab (“from”), Old Persian 𐎠𐎱 (apa, “away”), Proto-Germanic *ab (“away from”).
Another variant of the preposition (likely descending from pre-Slavic *pós) has been used to form the adverbs Proto-Slavic *pozdě (“lately”) and Proto-Slavic *poslě (“afterwards”).


ti

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ти (ti)

Bulgarian: ти (ti)

Macedonian: ти (ti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ти

Latin script: ti

Slovene: ti

West Slavic:

Czech: ti

Polish: ci

Slovak: ti

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: śi

Upper Sorbian: ći

(to) thee, you (singular); dative of *ty


tesla

tesla (nominative singular)
teslě (dual nominative)
tesly (nominative plural)
tesly (genitive singular)
teslu (dual genitive)
teslъ (genitive plural)
teslě (dative singular)
teslama (dative dual)
teslamъ (dative plural)
teslǫ (accusative singular)
teslě (accusative dual)
tesly (accusative plural)
teslojǫ (instrumental singular)
teslǫ (instrumental singular)
teslama (dual instrumental)
teslami (instrumental plural)
teslě (locative singular)
teslu (dual locative)
teslasъ (locative plural)
teslaxъ (locative plural)
teslo (singular vocative)
teslě (dual vocative)
tesly (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: тесла (tesla) (Russian)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: тесла (tesla)

Belarusian: цясла́ (cjaslá)

Russian: тесло (teslo)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: тесла́ (teslá)

Macedonian: тесла (tesla)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: те̏сла

Latin script: tȅsla

Slovene: tésla

West Slavic:

Czech: tesla (archaic)

Polish: ciosła

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: teslă

From *teslo

East Slavic:

Russian: тесло́ (tesló)

Ukrainian: тесло́ (tesló)

South Slavic:

Slovene: teslo

From Proto-Indo-European *tetḱ-(dʰ)lo-, from *tetḱ-. Morphologically *tes- + *-slo (“instrumental suffix”) or *tes- + *-sla.
Cognate with Proto-Germanic *þehslō (“adze”).


baba

bàba (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
bàba (nominative singular)
bàbě (dual nominative)
bàby (nominative plural)
bàby (genitive singular)
bàbu (dual genitive)
bàbъ (genitive plural)
bàbě (dative singular)
bàbama (dative dual)
bàbamъ (dative plural)
bàbǫ (accusative singular)
bàbě (accusative dual)
bàby (accusative plural)
bàbojǫ (instrumental singular)
bàbǭ (instrumental singular)
bàbama (dual instrumental)
bàbamī (instrumental plural)
bàbě (locative singular)
bàbu (dual locative)
bàbasъ (locative plural)
bàbaxъ (locative plural)
bàbo (singular vocative)
bàbě (dual vocative)
bàby (plural vocative)

Moscow
Nauka (publisher)
Oleg Trubachyov
Rick Derksen

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ба́ба (bába)

Old Ruthenian: ба́ба (bába)

Belarusian: ба́ба (bába)

Carpathian Rusyn: баба (baba)

Ukrainian: ба́ба (bába)

Russian: ба́ба (bába)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: баба (baba)

Glagolitic script: ⰱⰰⰱⰰ (baba)

Bulgarian: ба́ба (bába)

Macedonian: ба́ба (bába)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ба̏ба

Latin script: bȁba

Slovene: bába (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: bába, baba

Czech: bába, baba

Polabian: babă, bobo, bobă

desctree

Old Polish: baba
Polish: baba
Silesian: baba

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: baba

Slovincian: baba

Slovak: baba

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: baba

Upper Sorbian: baba

Non-Slavic:

→ Aromanian: babã

→ Greek: βαβά (vavá), βάβα (váva)

→ Hungarian: bába

→ Latgalian: baba, buoba

→ Livvi: buabo

→ Middle High German: bābe, bōbe

→ Romanian: babă

→ Yiddish: באָבע (bobe)

→ English: bubbe

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bā́ˀbāˀ, from nursery language.

onomatopoeic

nursery language

→ (figuratively) various objects used for hammering in, inserting, plugging

→ (figuratively) various objects used as a base, support (like a backrest)

→ (figuratively) various objects used for linking, connecting, binding together

→ (figuratively) various small, worthless items

→ (figuratively) heap of hay, grain; sheaf

old woman
→ babka (a type of ceremonial bread)

→ (figuratively) names of various species of mushrooms

Pelecanus onocrotalus
Pelecanus onocrotalus#Translingual

→ (possibly) great white pelican (any bird of the genus Pelecanus onocrotalus)

→ (figuratively) names of various butterflies

→ (figuratively) names of various plants

baba ęga ― Baba Yaga

ęga baba ― Baba Yaga

(North Slavic, astronomy, in the plural) Pleiades (star cluster)


si

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: си (si)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: си (si)

Church Slavonic: си (si)

Bulgarian: си (si)

Macedonian: си (si)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: си

Latin script: si

Slovene: si

West Slavic:

Czech: si

Slovak: si


si

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: си (si)

Belarusian: -сь (-sʹ)

Ukrainian: -сь (-sʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: си (si)

Slovene: -si

West Slavic:

Old Czech: -si

Czech: -si

Kashubian: -s

Old Polish: -ś

Polish: -ś

Slovak: -si

Slovincian: -sz

From *sь (“this”). Compare synonymous Russian -то (-to) ultimately from *tъ (“that”).

Indicates that something is indefinite or uncertain.


vy

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вꙑ (vy)

Old Ruthenian: вы (vy)

Belarusian: вы (vy)

Carpathian Rusyn: вы (vŷ)

Ukrainian: ви (vy)

Russian: вы (vy)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: вꙑ (vy)

Bulgarian: вие (vie) (re-formed by analogy)

Macedonian: вие (vie) (re-formed by analogy)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ви̑

Latin script: vȋ

Slovene: vȋ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vy
Czech: vy

Old Polish: wy
Polish: wy
Silesian: wy

Slovak: vy

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: wë, Wë

Slovincian: wë

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wy

Upper Sorbian: wy

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wāns, from the oblique form of Proto-Balto-Slavic *wōs, the accusative case of the personal pronoun Proto-Balto-Slavic *jūˀ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *yū́.


ny

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: нꙑ (ny)

Bulgarian: ни (ni)?

Macedonian: не (ne)?

West Slavic:

Old Czech: ny


lice

līcè (canonical neuter)
b (accent-paradigm)
līcè (nominative singular)
līčèsi (dual nominative)
līčèsā (nominative plural)
līčèse (genitive singular)
līčèsu (dual genitive)
līčèsъ (genitive plural)
līčèsi (dative singular)
līčèsьma (dative dual)
līčèsьmъ (dative plural)
līcè (accusative singular)
līčèsi (accusative dual)
līčèsā (accusative plural)
līčèsьmь (instrumental singular)
līčèsьma (dual instrumental)
līčèsȳ (instrumental plural)
līčèse (locative singular)
līčèsu (dual locative)
līčèsьxъ (locative plural)
līcè (singular vocative)
līčèsi (dual vocative)
līčèsā (plural vocative)
b (accent-paradigm)
līcè (nominative singular)
lĩci (dual nominative)
lĩca (nominative plural)
līcà (genitive singular)
licu (dual genitive)
lĩcь (genitive plural)
līcù (dative singular)
licema (dative dual)
lĩcemъ (dative plural)
līcè (accusative singular)
lĩci (accusative dual)
lĩca (accusative plural)
līcь̀mь (instrumental singular)
līcèmь (instrumental singular)
licema (dual instrumental)
lĩci (instrumental plural)
līcì (locative singular)
licu (dual locative)
lĩcixъ (locative plural)
līcè (singular vocative)
lĩci (dual vocative)
lĩca (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: лице́ (licé), лицо́ (licó)

Belarusian: ліце́ (licjé), ліцо́ (licó) (dial.)

Russian: лицо́ (licó)

Ukrainian: лице́ (lycé)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: лице (lice)

Glagolitic: ⰾⰻⱌⰵ (lice)

Bulgarian: лице́ (licé)

Macedonian: лице (lice)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ли́це

Latin script: líce

Slovene: līce (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: líce

Czech: líce

Old Polish: lice

Polish: lice, lico (poetic)

Slovak: líce, líco (dial.)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: lico

Lower Sorbian: lico

From early *liko, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *léika, from Proto-Indo-European *léykom. Baltic cognates include Old Prussian laygnan (“cheek”). Indo-European cognates include Old Irish lecca (“jaw, cheek”).


ty

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ты (ty)

Belarusian: ты (ty)

Russian: ты (ty)

Carpathian Rusyn: ты (tŷ)

Ukrainian: ти (ty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: тꙑ (ty)

Glagolitic script: ⱅⱏⰺ (ty)

Bulgarian: ти (ti)

Macedonian: ти (ti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ти̑

Latin script: tȋ

Slovene: tȋ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: ty

Czech: ty

Old Polish: ty
Polish: ty
Silesian: ty

Slovak: ty

Polabian: tåi

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: të

Slovincian: të

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: ty

Upper Sorbian: ty

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tūˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.


East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: на (na)

Belarusian: на (na)

Russian: на (na)

Carpathian Rusyn: на (na)

Ukrainian: на (na)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: на (na)

Glagolitic script: ⱀⰰ (na)

Bulgarian: на (na)

Macedonian: на (na)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: на

Latin script: na

Slovene: na (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: na
Czech: na

Old Polish: na
Polish: na
Silesian: na

Slovak: na

Polabian: no

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: na

Slovincian: na

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: na

Lower Sorbian: na


East Slavic:

Belarusian: на (na)

Russian: на (na)

Carpathian Rusyn: на (na)

Ukrainian: на (na)

→ Karaim:

Cyrillic script: на

Latin script: na

→ Turkish: na (Trabzon, Rize)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: на (na)

Macedonian: на (na)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: на, на̏

Latin script: nȃ, nȁ

Slovene: nȃ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: na

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: na

Slovincian: na

Silesian: na

Slovak: na

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: na

Upper Sorbian: na

It has been identified with the preposition, such that its entry is unified in the Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages.


rana

ràna (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
ràna (nominative singular)
ràně (dual nominative)
ràny (nominative plural)
ràny (genitive singular)
rànu (dual genitive)
rànъ (genitive plural)
ràně (dative singular)
rànama (dative dual)
rànamъ (dative plural)
rànǫ (accusative singular)
ràně (accusative dual)
ràny (accusative plural)
rànojǫ (instrumental singular)
rànǭ (instrumental singular)
rànama (dual instrumental)
rànamī (instrumental plural)
ràně (locative singular)
rànu (dual locative)
rànasъ (locative plural)
rànaxъ (locative plural)
ràno (singular vocative)
ràně (dual vocative)
ràny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ра́на (rána)

Old Ruthenian: ра́на (rána)

Belarusian: ра́на (rána)

Ukrainian: ра́на (rána)

Russian: ра́на (rána)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: рана (rana)

Glagolitic script: ⱃⰰⱀⰰ (rana)

Old Church Slavonic: рана (rana)

Bulgarian: рана (rana)

Macedonian: рана (rana)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ра̏на

Latin script: rȁna

Slovene: rána

West Slavic:

Old Czech: rána

Czech: rána

Moravian (Mistřice): rana

Kashubian: rena

Polabian: råno

Polish: rana

Slovak: rana

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: rana

Lower Sorbian: rana

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: rană

Probably related to Sanskrit व्रण (vraṇá, “wound”) and Albanian varrë (“wound, tearing”).
According to Zhanna Varbot, from *ronìti.


rosa

rosà (canonical feminine)
c (accent-paradigm)
rosà (nominative singular)
rȍsě (dual nominative)
rȍsy (nominative plural)
rosý (genitive singular)
rosù (dual genitive)
ròsъ (genitive plural)
rosě̀ (dative singular)
rosàma (dative dual)
rosàmъ (dative plural)
rȍsǫ (accusative singular)
rȍsě (accusative dual)
rȍsy (accusative plural)
rosojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
rosàma (dual instrumental)
rosàmi (instrumental plural)
rȍsě (locative singular)
rosù (dual locative)
rosàsъ (locative plural)
rosàxъ (locative plural)
roso (singular vocative)
rȍsě (dual vocative)
rȍsy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: раса́ (rasá)

Russian: роса́ (rosá)

Ukrainian: роса́ (rosá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: роса (rosa)

Glagolitic script: ⱃⱁⱄⰰ (rosa)

Bulgarian: роса́ (rosá)

Macedonian: роса (rosa)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ро̀са

Latin script: ròsa

Slovene: rósa (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: rosa

Czech: rosa

Polabian: rösă

Polish: rosa

Slovak: rosa

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: rosa

Upper Sorbian: rosa

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rasā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁róseh₂. Cognate with Latin rōs (“dew”), Sanskrit रसा (rásā, “moisture, humidity”).


per

West Slavic:

Old Polish: prze ?

Polish: prze

Slovak: pre

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: pře

Lower Sorbian: pśe

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *per, from Proto-Indo-European *per-.
Baltic cognates include
Lithuanian per̃, par,
Latvian par, pãr,
Old Prussian per,
Indo-European cognates include
Sanskrit परि (pári),
Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌 (paⁱri),
Ancient Greek πέρι (péri), περὶ (perì),
Latin per


pero

però (canonical neuter)
b (accent-paradigm)
però (nominative singular)
pèrě (dual nominative)
perà (nominative plural)
perà (genitive singular)
perù (dual genitive)
pèrъ (genitive plural)
perù (dative singular)
peròma (dative dual)
peròmъ (dative plural)
però (accusative singular)
pèrě (accusative dual)
perà (accusative plural)
perъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
peròmь (instrumental singular)
peròma (dual instrumental)
pèry (instrumental plural)
perě̀ (locative singular)
perù (dual locative)
pèrěxъ (locative plural)
però (singular vocative)
pèrě (dual vocative)
perà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: перо (pero)

Belarusian: пяро́ (pjaró)

desctree

Russian: перо́ (peró)
→ Azerbaijani: pero
→ Kildin Sami: пера (pjera)
→ Ingrian: pero

Carpathian Rusyn: перо (pero)

Ukrainian: перо́ (peró)

South Slavic:

Church Slavonic: перо (pero)

Bulgarian: перо́ (peró)

Macedonian: перо (pero)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пѐро, pl. пе̏ра, (Eastern Hercegovina) пѐра

Latin: pèro, pl. pȅra, (Eastern Hercegovina) pèra

Slovene: perọ̑ (tonal orthography), gen. perẹ̑sa (tonal orthography); péro (tonal orthography), gen. péra (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: pero, péro

Polabian: perü

Old Polish: pióro

Polish: pióro

Silesian: piōro

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: pióro

Slovak: pero

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: pjero

Lower Sorbian: pjero, pjoro

* Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”). Cognates include Lithuanian spar̃nas (“wing”), Ancient Greek πτερόν (pterón, “wing, feather”), English feather, Old Armenian թիռ (tʻiṙ, “flight”).
* Per Vasmer and Derksen, related to *pьrati (“to fly”). Cognate with Lithuanian spar̃nas (“wing”), Latvian spā̀rns (“wing”), Sanskrit पर्ण (parṇá, “wing”), Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀 (par^əna, “wing”), Old English fearn (“fern”), English fern, Old Irish raith (“fern”). Derksen also includes Ancient Greek πτερόν (pterón, “wing, feather”), but Vasmer considers the connection less likely. Derksen derives these from Proto-Indo-European *perH- (“to fly”), with a laryngeal assumed on the basis of Baltic and Celtic evidence.


luna

lunà (canonical feminine)
b (accent-paradigm)
lūnà (nominative singular)
lũně (dual nominative)
lūnỳ (nominative plural)
lūnỳ (genitive singular)
lūnù (dual genitive)
lũnъ (genitive plural)
lūně̀ (dative singular)
lūnàma (dative dual)
lūnàmъ (dative plural)
lūnǫ̀ (accusative singular)
lũně (accusative dual)
lūnỳ (accusative plural)
lūnòjǫ (instrumental singular)
lũnǫ (instrumental singular)
lūnàma (dual instrumental)
lūnàmī (instrumental plural)
lūně̀ (locative singular)
lūnù (dual locative)
lūnàsъ (locative plural)
lūnàxъ (locative plural)
luno (singular vocative)
lũně (dual vocative)
lūnỳ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: луна́ (luná)

Ukrainian: луна́ (luná, “echo”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: лоуна (luna)

Glagolitic script: ⰾⱆⱀⰰ (luna)

Macedonian: луна (luna)

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: lúna (dated, rare)

Cyrillic script: лу́на (dated, rare)

Slovene: lúna (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: luna

Czech: luna

Polabian: laună, laină

Old Polish: łuna
Polish: łuna

Slovak: luna

From an earlier *lȗxna, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *láukšnāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *lówksneh₂.


kuda

kùda (canonical feminine)
kuda (nominative singular)
kudě (dual nominative)
kudy (nominative plural)
kudy (genitive singular)
kudu (dual genitive)
kudъ (genitive plural)
kudě (dative singular)
kudama (dative dual)
kudamъ (dative plural)
kudǫ (accusative singular)
kudě (accusative dual)
kudy (accusative plural)
kudojǫ (instrumental singular)
kudǫ (instrumental singular)
kudama (dual instrumental)
kudami (instrumental plural)
kudě (locative singular)
kudu (dual locative)
kudasъ (locative plural)
kudaxъ (locative plural)
kudo (singular vocative)
kudě (dual vocative)
kudy (plural vocative)

Action/resultant noun of *kuditi (“to prosecute, to accuse”) + *-a, commonly prefixed with *pro-.


da

Probably instrumental case of *do (“to, up to, until”), from Proto-Indo-European *doh₁ (“thus, like so”). Similar to Proto-Slavic *ta (“and so, thereby”) from Proto-Slavic *to (“so”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δή (dḗ, “even, indeed”), Proto-Germanic *tō, English too.
Technically, could only reflect the collective case of Proto-Indo-European *dʰe (“locative particle”), similar to Proto-Slavic *ba, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰe (“instrumental particle”).

der

yes, yeah (a term used to indicate general agreement)


da

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: да (da)
Old Ruthenian: да (da)
Belarusian: ды (dy)
Ukrainian: да (da)
Russian: да (da) (see there for further descendants)

Old Novgorodian: да (da)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: да (da)

Glagolitic script: ⰴⰰ (da)

Bulgarian: да (da)

Macedonian: да (da)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: да, да̏

Latin script: da, dȁ

Slovene: dȁ

West Slavic:

Old Czech: da

Czech: da (dialectal)

Old Polish: da

Polish: da (dialectal)

Slovak: da

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: da

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: da


korva

kòrva (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
kòrva (nominative singular)
kòrvě (dual nominative)
kòrvy (nominative plural)
kòrvy (genitive singular)
kòrvu (dual genitive)
kòrvъ (genitive plural)
kòrvě (dative singular)
kòrvama (dative dual)
kòrvamъ (dative plural)
kòrvǫ (accusative singular)
kòrvě (accusative dual)
kòrvy (accusative plural)
kòrvojǫ (instrumental singular)
kòrvǭ (instrumental singular)
kòrvama (dual instrumental)
kòrvamī (instrumental plural)
kòrvě (locative singular)
kòrvu (dual locative)
kòrvasъ (locative plural)
kòrvaxъ (locative plural)
kòrvo (singular vocative)
kòrvě (dual vocative)
kòrvy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: корова (korova)
Belarusian: каро́ва (karóva)
Russian: коро́ва (koróva)
Carpathian Rusyn: коро́ва (koróva)
Ukrainian: коро́ва (koróva)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: кра́ва (kráva)

Macedonian: кра́ва (kráva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: крȁва

Latin: krȁva

Slovene: kráva (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kráva

Czech: kráva

Polabian: korvo

Polish: krowa

Slovak: krava

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: karwa

Slovincian: krôwa

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kruwa

Lower Sorbian: krowa

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kárˀwāˀ, irregular centum reflex of Proto-Indo-European *ḱorh₂-weh₂, from *ḱerh₂- (“head, top; horn”).
Matasović (2008) argues that it was borrowed from Celtic in prehistorical times due to the impossibility of deriving it by regular sound laws:
* PIE *ḱerh₂weh₂ > Proto-Celtic *kerawā > *karawā (Joseph's rule) > Early Proto-Slavic *karwā > Common Slavic *kőrva.
Alternatively, Matasović's Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (2009) lists the Old Church Slavonic form krava “cow” as being related to the Proto-Celtic *karwo- (“deer”), ultimately coming from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (the first element of *ḱerh₂weh₂).
Baltic cognates (either similarly irregularly inherited via Balto-Slavic, or borrowed from Celtic or Slavic) include Lithuanian kárvė (“cow”) and Old Prussian curwis (“ox”). For further Indo-European cognates see *ḱerh₂-.


-y

-y (nominative singular)
-ъvi (dual nominative)
-ъvi (nominative plural)
-ъve (genitive singular)
-ъvu (dual genitive)
-ъvъ (genitive plural)
-ъvi (dative singular)
-ъvьma (dative dual)
-ъvama (dative dual)
-ъvьmъ (dative plural)
-ъvamъ (dative plural)
-ъvь (accusative singular)
-ъvi (accusative dual)
-ъvi (accusative plural)
-ъvьjǫ (instrumental singular)
-ъvľǫ (instrumental singular)
-ъvьma (dual instrumental)
-ъvama (dual instrumental)
-ъvьmi (instrumental plural)
-ъvami (instrumental plural)
-ъve (locative singular)
-ъvu (dual locative)
-ъvьxъ (locative plural)
-ъvaxъ (locative plural)
-y (singular vocative)
-ъvi (dual vocative)
-ъvi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ūˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *-uh₂.

ľuby (“love”) ← *ľubъ

cěly ← *cělъ (“whole”)

dorgy (“dearness”) ← *dorgъ (“dear, expensive”)

męky ← *mękъ

ploty (“roach”) ← **plotъ?

moky (“wetland”) ← *mokъ? \ *moknǫti

mǫty ← *mǫtъ? \ *mǫtiti?

koty (“anchor”) ← *kotъ (“cat”)

kroky ← *krokъ?


-y

-y (nominative singular)
-eni (dual nominative)
-ene (nominative plural)
-ene (genitive singular)
-enu (dual genitive)
-enъ (genitive plural)
-eni (dative singular)
-enьma (dative dual)
-enьmъ (dative plural)
-enь (accusative singular)
-eni (accusative dual)
-eni (accusative plural)
-enьmь (instrumental singular)
-enьma (dual instrumental)
-enьmi (instrumental plural)
-ene (locative singular)
-enu (dual locative)
-enьxъ (locative plural)
-eny (singular vocative)
-eni (dual vocative)
-ene (plural vocative)

pьrsty (“ring”) ← *pьrstъ (“finger”)

greby (“comb”) ← *greti (“to dig”)

peky (“cooked meat”) ← *peťi (“to cook”)


ale

East Slavic:

Old Ruthenian: але́ (alé) (possibly influenced by Polish)

Belarusian: але́ (aljé)

Ukrainian: але́ (alé)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: а̏ле, а̏ли

Latin script: ȁle, ȁli

West Slavic:

Old Czech: ale, aľe (alternative writing)
Czech: ale

Old Polish: ale
Polish: ale
Silesian: ale

Old Slovak: ale

Pannonian Rusyn: алє (alje)

Slovak: ale

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: ale

Slovincian: alê

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: ale

Lower Sorbian: ale

ESSJa reconstructs a compound conjunction *a (“however”) + *le, invented on native soil. Attested mainly in Western Slavic. Alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos (“other”) (expected would be **oľe), which Trubachev refutes.
In Bulgarian, there exists a conjunction ала (ala, “however”), which is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀλλά (allá).

(East Slavic, Eastern South Slavic)


sestra

sestrà (canonical feminine)
b (accent-paradigm)
sestrà (nominative singular)
sèstrě (dual nominative)
sestrỳ (nominative plural)
sestrỳ (genitive singular)
sestrù (dual genitive)
sèstrъ (genitive plural)
sestrě̀ (dative singular)
sestràma (dative dual)
sestràmъ (dative plural)
sestrǫ̀ (accusative singular)
sèstrě (accusative dual)
sestrỳ (accusative plural)
sestròjǫ (instrumental singular)
sèstrǫ (instrumental singular)
sestràma (dual instrumental)
sestràmī (instrumental plural)
sestrě̀ (locative singular)
sestrù (dual locative)
sestràsъ (locative plural)
sestràxъ (locative plural)
sestro (singular vocative)
sèstrě (dual vocative)
sestrỳ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сестра́ (sestrá)

desc

Old Ruthenian: сестра́ (sestrá), сєстра́ (sjestrá)

Belarusian: сястра́ (sjastrá)

Carpathian Rusyn: сестра́ (sestrá)

Ukrainian: сестра́ (sestrá)

Russian: сестра́ (sestrá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сестра (sestra)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⰵⱄⱅⱃⰰ (sestra)

Bulgarian: сестра́ (sestrá)

Macedonian: сестра (sestra)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сѐстра

Latin script: sèstra

Slovene: séstra (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sestra

Czech: sestra

Kashubian: sostra

Polabian: sestră

Polish: siostra

Slovak: sestra

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: sotra

Lower Sorbian: sotša

(Schleifer dialect): sostra

From earlier *sesra, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *swésō, from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr. Or formed by *-treh₂ by analogy to Indo-European relationship nouns.

Rick Derksen
be:Аляксандр Мікалаевіч Булыка
uk:Гринчишин Дмитро Григорович


ony

sla-decl-pron-table

Declension of <i class="Latn mention" lang="sla-pro">*ony</i> (hard pronominal)

onъ (masculine nominative singular)
ona (feminine nominative singular)
ono (neuter nominative singular)
onъ (accusative masculine singular)
onǫ (accusative feminine singular)
ono (accusative neuter singular)
onogo (genitive masculine singular)
onoję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
onogo (genitive neuter singular)
onomь (locative masculine singular)
onoji (feminine locative singular)
onomь (locative neuter singular)
onomu (dative masculine singular)
onoji (dative feminine singular)
onomu (dative neuter singular)
oněmь (instrumental masculine singular)
onojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
oněmь (instrumental neuter singular)
ona (dual masculine nominative)
oně (dual feminine nominative)
oně (dual neuter nominative)
ona (accusative dual masculine)
oně (accusative dual feminine)
oně (accusative dual neuter)
onoju (dual genitive masculine)
onoju (dual feminine genitive)
onoju (dual genitive neuter)
onoju (dual locative masculine)
onoju (dual feminine locative)
onoju (dual locative neuter)
oněma (dative dual masculine)
oněma (dative dual feminine)
oněma (dative dual neuter)
oněma (dual instrumental masculine)
oněma (dual feminine instrumental)
oněma (dual instrumental neuter)
oni (masculine nominative plural)
ony (feminine nominative plural)
ona (neuter nominative plural)
ony (accusative masculine plural)
ony (accusative feminine plural)
ona (accusative neuter plural)
oněxъ (genitive masculine plural)
oněxъ (feminine genitive plural)
oněxъ (genitive neuter plural)
oněxъ (locative masculine plural)
oněxъ (feminine locative plural)
oněxъ (locative neuter plural)
oněmъ (dative masculine plural)
oněmъ (dative feminine plural)
oněmъ (dative neuter plural)
oněmi (instrumental masculine plural)
oněmi (feminine instrumental plural)
oněmi (instrumental neuter plural)


okolo

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: около (okolo)

Russian: о́коло (ókolo)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: о́коло (ókolo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̏коло

Latin script: ȍkolo

Slovene: okȏli (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: òkòło

Old Czech: okolo

Czech: okolo

desctree

Old Polish: około
Polish: około
Silesian: ôkoło

Old Slovak: okolo

Slovak: okolo

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wokoło

Lower Sorbian: wokoło


vino

vīnò (canonical neuter)
b (accent-paradigm)
vīnò (nominative singular)
vĩně (dual nominative)
vīnà (nominative plural)
vīnà (genitive singular)
vīnù (dual genitive)
vĩnъ (genitive plural)
vīnù (dative singular)
vīnòma (dative dual)
vīnòmъ (dative plural)
vīnò (accusative singular)
vĩně (accusative dual)
vīnà (accusative plural)
vīnъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
vīnòmь (instrumental singular)
vīnòma (dual instrumental)
vĩny (instrumental plural)
vīně̀ (locative singular)
vīnù (dual locative)
vĩněxъ (locative plural)
vīnò (singular vocative)
vĩně (dual vocative)
vīnà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вино́ (vinó)
Old Ruthenian: вино́ (vinó)
Belarusian: віно́ (vinó)
Carpathian Rusyn: ви́но́ (výnó)
Ukrainian: вино́ (vynó)
Russian: вино́ (vinó)

Old Novgorodian: вино (vino)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: вино (vino)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⰻⱀⱁ (vino)

Bulgarian: ви́но (víno)

Macedonian: вино (vino)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ви́но

Latin script: víno

Slovene: víno (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: víno

Czech: víno

Polabian: *vainĕ

Old Polish: wino

Polish: wino

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: wino

Slovincian: wjynô

Old Slovak:

Pannonian Rusyn: вино (vino)

Slovak: víno

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wino

Lower Sorbian: wino

From Latin vīnum, from Proto-Italic *wīnom, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wóyh₁nom.


sova

sovà (canonical feminine)
b (accent-paradigm)
sovà (nominative singular)
sòvě (dual nominative)
sovỳ (nominative plural)
sovỳ (genitive singular)
sovù (dual genitive)
sòvъ (genitive plural)
sově̀ (dative singular)
sovàma (dative dual)
sovàmъ (dative plural)
sovǫ̀ (accusative singular)
sòvě (accusative dual)
sovỳ (accusative plural)
sovòjǫ (instrumental singular)
sòvǫ (instrumental singular)
sovàma (dual instrumental)
sovàmī (instrumental plural)
sově̀ (locative singular)
sovù (dual locative)
sovàsъ (locative plural)
sovàxъ (locative plural)
sovo (singular vocative)
sòvě (dual vocative)
sovỳ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сова́ (sová)

Old Ruthenian: сова́ (sová)

Belarusian: сава́ (savá)

Ukrainian: сова́ (sová)

Russian: сова́ (sová)

→ Ingrian: sova

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: со́ва (sóva)

Macedonian: сова (sova)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: со́ва

Latin script: sóva

Slovene: sóva (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sova

Czech: sova

Kashubian: sowa

Old Polish: sowa

Polish: sowa

Old Slovak: sova

Pannonian Rusyn: сова (sova)

Slovak: sova

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: sowa

Upper Sorbian: sowa

Probably ultimately of imitative origin. While formally similar to Proto-West Germanic *hūō (“owl”), Proto-Celtic *kawannos (“owl”), Lithuanian nakti-kova (“night heron”), regular derivation of these words from a common root appears to be phonologically impossible.

onomatopoeic

imitative


oni

sla-decl-pron-table

Declension of <i class="Latn mention" lang="sla-pro">*oni</i> (hard pronominal)


sebe

jãzъ (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
ty̑ (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
mę̑ (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
tę̑ (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sę̑ (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mȅne (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
tȅbe (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
sȅbe (genitive personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mьně̀ (first-person locative personal pronoun singular)
tebě̀ (locative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sebě̀ (locative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mьně̀ (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
tebě̀ (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
ti (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sebě̀ (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
si (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mъnòjǫ (first-person instrumental personal pronoun singular)
mъnojǫ̀ (first-person instrumental personal pronoun singular)
tobòjǫ (instrumental personal pronoun second-person singular)
tobojǫ̀ (instrumental personal pronoun second-person singular)
sobòjǫ (instrumental personal pronoun reflexive singular)
sobojǫ̀ (instrumental personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mojь (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
tvojь (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
svojь (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular)
vě̑ (dual first-person nominative personal pronoun)
vȃ (dual nominative personal pronoun second-person)
nȃ (accusative dual first-person personal pronoun)
vȃ (accusative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sę̑ (accusative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
nàju (dual first-person genitive personal pronoun)
vàju (dual genitive personal pronoun second-person)
sȅbe (dual genitive personal pronoun reflexive)
nàju (dual first-person locative personal pronoun)
vàju (dual locative personal pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (dual locative personal pronoun reflexive)
nàma (dative dual first-person personal pronoun)
vàma (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
va (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
si (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
nàma (dual first-person instrumental personal pronoun)
vàma (dual instrumental personal pronoun second-person)
sobòjǫ (dual instrumental personal pronoun reflexive)
sobojǫ̀ (dual instrumental personal pronoun reflexive)
našь (dual first-person personal possessive pronoun)
vašь (dual personal possessive pronoun second-person)
svojь (dual personal possessive pronoun reflexive)
my̑ (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
vy̑ (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
ny̑ (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
vy̑ (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sę̑ (accusative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàsъ (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
vàsъ (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
sȅbe (genitive personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàsъ (first-person locative personal plural pronoun)
vàsъ (locative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (locative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàmъ (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
vàmъ (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
si (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàmi (first-person instrumental personal plural pronoun)
vàmi (instrumental personal plural pronoun second-person)
sobòjǫ (instrumental personal plural pronoun reflexive)
sobojǫ̀ (instrumental personal plural pronoun reflexive)
našь (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
vašь (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
svojь (personal plural possessive pronoun reflexive)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: сябе́ (sjabjé) (< *sębe, a blend of accusative *sę- + genitive *-be)

Russian: себя́ (sebjá) (< *sebę, a blend of genitive *seb- + accusative *-ę)

Ukrainian: себе́ (sebé)

Carpathian Rusyn: себе (sebe)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: себе (sebe)

Bulgarian: себе (sebe)

Macedonian: себе (sebe)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: се̏бе

Latin script: sȅbe

Slovene: sebe

West Slavic:

Czech: sebe

Polish: siebie

Slovak: seba

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: sebje

Upper Sorbian: sebje

(of) oneself, each other; genitive of *sę


ono

Declension of <i class="Latn mention" lang="sla-pro">*ono</i> (hard pronominal)


ulica

ùlica (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
úlica (nominative singular)
ùlici (dual nominative)
ùlicę̇ (nominative plural)
ùlicę̇ (genitive singular)
ùlicu (dual genitive)
ùlicь (genitive plural)
ùlicī (dative singular)
ùlicama (dative dual)
ùlicāmъ (dative plural)
ùlicǫ (accusative singular)
ùlici (accusative dual)
ùlicę̇ (accusative plural)
ùlicējǫ (instrumental singular)
ùlicǭ (instrumental singular)
ùlicama (dual instrumental)
ùlicāmī (instrumental plural)
ùlicī (locative singular)
ùlicu (dual locative)
ùlicāsъ (locative plural)
ùlice (singular vocative)
ùlici (dual vocative)
ùlicę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: улица (ulica)

Belarusian: ву́ліца (vúlica)

desctree

Russian: у́лица (úlica)
→ Armenian: ուլից (ulicʻ)
→ Estonian: uulits
→ Ingrian: uulitsa
→ Korean: 울리짜 (ullijja)
→ Udmurt: ульча (uľća)
→ Võro: huulits
→ Yakut: уулусса (uulussa)

desc

Carpathian Rusyn: у́ліця (úlicja), у́лиця (úlycja)

Ukrainian: у́лиця (úlycja), ву́лиця (vúlycja)

→ Lithuanian: ulyčia, ūlyčia

→ Samogitian: ulīčė

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: оулица (ulica)

Glagolitic script: ⱆⰾⰹⱌⰰ (ulica)

Bulgarian: у́лица (úlica)

Macedonian: улица (ulica)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: у̏лица

Latin script: ȕlica

Slovene: úlica (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: ulicě
Czech: ulice

desctree

Old Polish: ulica
Polish: ulica
Silesian: ulica

Old Slovak: ulica

Pannonian Rusyn: улїца (uljica)

Slovak: ulica

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: ùlëca

Slovincian: wùlëca

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wulica

Lower Sorbian: wulica

Non-Slavic languages:

→ Aromanian: ulitsã

→ Hungarian: utca

→ Romanian: uliță

From *ula + *-ica, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *aul-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewlós.
Baltic cognates include Old Prussian aulis (“shin”).
Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek αὐλός (aulós, “pipe, flute”), αὐλών (aulṓn, “hollow, channel, strait”); Low German ōl, аul (Westphalian); Old Armenian ուղի (ułi, “road, way, route; journey; passage”).
It may be a cognate of Latvian iela and Ancient Greek αὐλή (aulḗ).


žaba

žàba (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
žàba (nominative singular)
žàbě (dual nominative)
žàby (nominative plural)
žàby (genitive singular)
žàbu (dual genitive)
žàbъ (genitive plural)
žàbě (dative singular)
žàbama (dative dual)
žàbamъ (dative plural)
žàbǫ (accusative singular)
žàbě (accusative dual)
žàby (accusative plural)
žàbojǫ (instrumental singular)
žàbǭ (instrumental singular)
žàbama (dual instrumental)
žàbamī (instrumental plural)
žàbě (locative singular)
žàbu (dual locative)
žàbasъ (locative plural)
žàbaxъ (locative plural)
žàbo (singular vocative)
žàbě (dual vocative)
žàby (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: жа́ба (žába)
Old Ruthenian: жа́ба (žába)
Belarusian: жа́ба (žába)
Carpathian Rusyn: жа́ба (žába)
Ukrainian: жа́ба (žába)
Russian: жа́ба (žába)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⰶⰰⰱⰰ (žaba)

Old Cyrillic script: жаба (žaba)

Bulgarian: жа́ба (žába)

Macedonian: жаба (žaba)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жа̏ба

Latin script: žȁba

Slovene: žába

West Slavic:

Old Czech: žába

Czech: žába

Moravian (Mistřice): žaba

Old Polish: żaba

Polish: żaba

Slovak: žaba

Kashubian: żaba

Polabian: zobo

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: žaba

Lower Sorbian: žaba

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: zhabë

→ Yiddish: זשאַבע (zhabe)

→ Friulian: 'save

From an earlier *žěba, of uncertain origin.
Comparison has been drawn with Old Prussian gabawo (“toad”) and Latin būfo (“toad”), however, neither of these lemmas agree on the quality of the root vowel. It has been proposed that only the Slavic and Prussian words are actually related, ultimately descending from *gʷh₂béh₂ ~ *gʷh₂bowéh₂. The hypothesis goes that the Proto-Indo-European laryngeal was reflected as *-h₂- > *-ə- > *-e- in pre-Slavic and eventually lengthened by the following -b- due to Winter's law. Suggested cognates under this etymology are Proto-Germanic *kwappō (“type of fresh-water fish”) and Ancient Greek βάβακος (bábakos, “type of frog”).


kura

kùra (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
kùra (nominative singular)
kùrě (dual nominative)
kùry (nominative plural)
kùry (genitive singular)
kùru (dual genitive)
kùrъ (genitive plural)
kùrě (dative singular)
kùrama (dative dual)
kùramъ (dative plural)
kùrǫ (accusative singular)
kùrě (accusative dual)
kùry (accusative plural)
kùrojǫ (instrumental singular)
kùrǭ (instrumental singular)
kùrama (dual instrumental)
kùramī (instrumental plural)
kùrě (locative singular)
kùru (dual locative)
kùrasъ (locative plural)
kùraxъ (locative plural)
kùro (singular vocative)
kùrě (dual vocative)
kùry (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: кура (kura)

Russian: ку́ра (kúra)

Ukrainian: курка (kurka)

South Slavic:

Slovene: kúra (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desc

Czech: kura (archaic), koura (dialectal)

Polabian: ťauro

Polish: kura

Slovak: kura

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: kura

Upper Sorbian: kura


kura

kurà (canonical feminine)
Slavic (East)
kurà (nominative singular)
kurě (dual nominative)
kury (nominative plural)
kury (genitive singular)
kuru (dual genitive)
kurъ (genitive plural)
kurě (dative singular)
kurama (dative dual)
kuramъ (dative plural)
kurǫ (accusative singular)
kurě (accusative dual)
kury (accusative plural)
kurojǫ (instrumental singular)
kurǫ (instrumental singular)
kurama (dual instrumental)
kurami (instrumental plural)
kurě (locative singular)
kuru (dual locative)
kurasъ (locative plural)
kuraxъ (locative plural)
kuro (singular vocative)
kurě (dual vocative)
kury (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: кура́ (kurá) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: кура́ (kurá) (dialectal)

Action noun of *kuriti (“to smoke”) + *-a.


žena

ženà (canonical feminine)
b (accent-paradigm)
ženà (nominative singular)
žèně (dual nominative)
ženỳ (nominative plural)
ženỳ (genitive singular)
ženù (dual genitive)
žènъ (genitive plural)
ženě̀ (dative singular)
ženàma (dative dual)
ženàmъ (dative plural)
ženǫ̀ (accusative singular)
žèně (accusative dual)
ženỳ (accusative plural)
ženòjǫ (instrumental singular)
žènǫ (instrumental singular)
ženàma (dual instrumental)
ženàmī (instrumental plural)
ženě̀ (locative singular)
ženù (dual locative)
ženàsъ (locative plural)
ženàxъ (locative plural)
ženo (singular vocative)
žèně (dual vocative)
ženỳ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: жена (žena)
Old Ruthenian: жена (žena), жана (žana), жона (žona)
Belarusian: жана́ (žaná) (dated)
Carpathian Rusyn: жона́ (žoná), же́на (žéna) (Lemko)
Ukrainian: жона́ (žoná) (dated)
Russian: жена́ (žená)

desc

Old Novgorodian: жена (žena), жона (žona)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: жена (žena)

Glagolitic: ⰶⰵⱀⰰ (žena)

Bulgarian: жена́ (žená)

Macedonian: жена (žena)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жѐна

Latin script: žèna

Slovene: žéna (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: žena
Czech: žena

desctree

Old Polish: żona
Polish: żona
Silesian: żōna

Old Slovak: žena
Slovak: žena

Polabian: zenă

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: żona

Slovincian: żôna

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: žona

Lower Sorbian: žona

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *génāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷḗn.


slovo

slȍvo (canonical neuter)
c (accent-paradigm)
slȍvo (nominative singular)
slȍvesi (dual nominative)
slovesà (nominative plural)
slȍvese (genitive singular)
slovesù (dual genitive)
slovèsъ (genitive plural)
slȍvesi (dative singular)
slovesьmà (dative dual)
slovèsьmъ (dative plural)
slȍvo (accusative singular)
slȍvesi (accusative dual)
slovesà (accusative plural)
slȍvesьmь (instrumental singular)
slovesьmà (dual instrumental)
slovesý (instrumental plural)
slȍvese (locative singular)
slovesù (dual locative)
slovèsьxъ (locative plural)
slȍvo (singular vocative)
slȍvesi (dual vocative)
slovesà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: слово (slovo)
Old Ruthenian: слово (slovo)
Belarusian: сло́ва (slóva)
Carpathian Rusyn: сло́во (slóvo)
Ukrainian: сло́во (slóvo)
Russian: сло́во (slóvo)

Old Novgorodian: слово (slovo)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: слово (slovo)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⰾⱁⰲⱁ (slovo)

Bulgarian: сло́во (slóvo)

Macedonian: слово (slovo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сло̏во

Latin script: slȍvo

Slovene: slovọ̑ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: slovo
Czech: slovo

Old Polish: słowo
Polish: słowo
Silesian: słowo

Polabian: slüvü

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: słowò

Slovincian: slôwô

Old Slovak:

Pannonian Rusyn: слово (slovo)

Slovak: slovo

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: słowo

Lower Sorbian: słowo

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: slovă

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ślawas, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱléwos (“fame”). Cognate with Sanskrit श्रवस् (śravas).


malina

malìna (canonical feminine)
malina (nominative singular)
malině (dual nominative)
maliny (nominative plural)
maliny (genitive singular)
malinu (dual genitive)
malinъ (genitive plural)
malině (dative singular)
malinama (dative dual)
malinamъ (dative plural)
malinǫ (accusative singular)
malině (accusative dual)
maliny (accusative plural)
malinojǫ (instrumental singular)
malinǫ (instrumental singular)
malinama (dual instrumental)
malinami (instrumental plural)
malině (locative singular)
malinu (dual locative)
malinasъ (locative plural)
malinaxъ (locative plural)
malino (singular vocative)
malině (dual vocative)
maliny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Belarusian: малі́на (malína), малы́на (malýna), малэ́нэ (maléne)

Russian: мали́на (malína)

Ukrainian: мали́на (malýna)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: мали́на (malína)

Macedonian: ма́лина (málina)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ма̀лина

Latin script: màlina

Slovene: malína (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: malina

Czech: malina

Kashubian: malëna, malna

Polabian: molaină

Old Polish: malina

Polish: malina
→ Low Prussian: Malinne

Silesian: malina

Slovak: malina

Slovincian: malëna

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: malena, maleńka

Lower Sorbian: malina

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: málna

→ Romanian: mălină

→ Yiddish: מאַלינע (maline), מאַלענע (malene)

From Proto-Indo-European *melh₂- + *-ina. Compare Lithuanian mėlynė (“blueberry”), mėlynas (“blue”).


koza

kozà (canonical feminine)
b (accent-paradigm)
kozà (nominative singular)
kòzě (dual nominative)
kozỳ (nominative plural)
kozỳ (genitive singular)
kozù (dual genitive)
kòzъ (genitive plural)
kozě̀ (dative singular)
kozàma (dative dual)
kozàmъ (dative plural)
kozǫ̀ (accusative singular)
kòzě (accusative dual)
kozỳ (accusative plural)
kozòjǫ (instrumental singular)
kòzǫ (instrumental singular)
kozàma (dual instrumental)
kozàmī (instrumental plural)
kozě̀ (locative singular)
kozù (dual locative)
kozàsъ (locative plural)
kozàxъ (locative plural)
kozo (singular vocative)
kòzě (dual vocative)
kozỳ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: каза́ (kazá)

desctree

Russian: коза́ (kozá)
→ Kildin Sami: коаза (kåza)

Ukrainian: коза́ (kozá)

→ Latvian: kaza

→ Veps: koza

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: коза (koza)

Glagolitic script: ⰽⱁⰸⰰ (koza)

Bulgarian: коза́ (kozá)

Macedonian: ко́за (kóza)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ко̀за

Latin script: kòza

Slovene: kóza (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: koza

Czech: koza

Bohemian (Chod dialect): koza

Kashubian: kòza

Polabian: ťöză

Polish: koza
→ Low Prussian: Koss

Slovak: koza

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: koza

Lower Sorbian: koza

Possibly related to Albanian kedh (“kid”), which would then render the Proto-Indo-European reconstruction as *koǵʰeh₂.
In older sources it is usually grouped with PIE *h₂eǵós (“he-goat”) but initial *k- does not match, or with set of Germanic cognates such as Old English hæcen (“kid”) and Middle Dutch hoeke, which is precluded by Winter's law.


ona

sla-decl-pron-table

Declension of <i class="Latn mention" lang="sla-pro">*ona</i> (hard pronominal)


di

ru:Аникин, Александр Евгеньевич

East Slavic:

Russian: ди (di) (colloquial)

desc

⇒ Russian: ди́ба (díba, “call for evoking a poultry bird”)

⇒ Russian: ди́га (díga, “call for chasing away a poultry bird”)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ди (di), дий (dij)

West Slavic:

Polish: dzi (dialectal)

Unclear. Formally fits Proto-Indo-European *deyh₁- (“to impel, to chase”) whence archaic Latvian diet (“to dance”).

dьji

as if imperative 2p. sg. form of hypothetical *diti

Exclamation for attracting attention: hey, oi (in Russian)

Call for urging an animal to move (typically a horse or another harness stock): giddy up, go (in Bulgarian, Polish)


pro

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: про (pro)

Belarusian: про (pro)

Russian: про (pro)

Carpathian Rusyn: про (pro)

Ukrainian: про (pro)

West Slavic:

Czech: pro

Kashubian: pro

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pra, from Proto-Indo-European *pró.
Cognate with Old Prussian pra, pro, Ancient Greek πρό (pró), Sanskrit प्र (prá).


nama

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: нама (nama)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: на̏ма

Latin script: nȁma

Slovene: nama

West Slavic:

Kashubian: nama

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: nama

Upper Sorbian: namaj


biti

bìti (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
bitьje (noun-from-verb)
biti (infinitive)
bitъ (supine)
bilъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
bitъ (participle passive past)
bьjemъ (participle passive present)
bivъ (active participle past)
bьję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
bixъ (aorist first-person singular)
bi (aorist second-person singular)
bitъ (aorist second-person singular)
bi (aorist singular third-person)
bitъ (aorist singular third-person)
bьjǫ (first-person present singular)
bьješi (present second-person singular)
bьjetь (present singular third-person)
bixově (aorist dual first-person)
bista (aorist dual second-person)
biste (aorist dual third-person)
bьjevě (dual first-person present)
bьjeta (dual present second-person)
bьjete (dual present third-person)
bixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
biste (aorist plural second-person)
bišę (aorist plural third-person)
bьjemъ (first-person plural present)
bьjete (plural present second-person)
bьjǫtь (plural present third-person)
bьjaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bьjaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bьjaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bьji (imperative second-person singular)
bьji (imperative singular third-person)
bьjaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bьjaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bьjaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bьjivě (dual first-person imperative)
bьjita (dual imperative second-person)
bьjaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bьjaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bьjaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bьjimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bьjite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: бити (biti)

Old Ruthenian: бити (biti)

Belarusian: біць (bicʹ)

Ukrainian: би́ти (býty)

Russian: бить (bitʹ)

Old Novgorodian: бити (biti)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: бити (biti)

Glagolitic: ⰱⰻⱅⰻ (biti)

Bulgarian: би́я (bíja)

Macedonian: бие (bie)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: би̏ти

Latin script: bȉti

Slovene: bíti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: bic

Old Czech: bíti

Czech: bít

Polabian: bai̯t

Old Polish: bić

Polish: bić

Slovak: biť

Slovincian: bjic

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: bić

Lower Sorbian: biś


droga

droga (nominative singular)
drodzě (dual nominative)
drogy (nominative plural)
drogy (genitive singular)
drogu (dual genitive)
drogъ (genitive plural)
drodzě (dative singular)
drogama (dative dual)
drogamъ (dative plural)
drogǫ (accusative singular)
drodzě (accusative dual)
drogy (accusative plural)
drogojǫ (instrumental singular)
drogǫ (instrumental singular)
drogama (dual instrumental)
drogami (instrumental plural)
drodzě (locative singular)
drogu (dual locative)
drogasъ (locative plural)
drogaxъ (locative plural)
drogo (singular vocative)
drodzě (dual vocative)
drogy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: дро́га (dróga), dial. дрога́ (drogá)

⇒ Ukrainian: дро́жка (dróžka) (diminutive)

South Slavic:

q

merged with descendants of <i class="Latn mention" lang="sla-pro">*drǫgъ</i>

Bulgarian: дрога (droga), дръга (drǎga, “pole”) (dialectal, merged with descendants of *drǫgъ)

Non-Slavic descendants:

Romanian: droagă

Isolated East Slavic isoglass, likely from Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ- (“to draw, to run”). Cognate with Proto-Celtic *drokos (whence Old Irish droch (“wheel”)), Ancient Greek τροχός (trokhós, “potter's wheel”). Further akin to Proto-Germanic *draganą (“to drag”), Ancient Greek τρέχω (trékhō, “to run”).


abo

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: або (abo)

Old Ruthenian: або (abo)

Belarusian: або́ (abó)

Carpathian Rusyn: або́ (abó)

Ukrainian: або́ (abó)

Russian: а́бо (ábo)

South Slavic:

⇒ Slovene: àboj (dialectal)

West Slavic:

desctree

Old Polish: abo
Polish: abo
Silesian: abo

Old Slovak: abo

Pannonian Rusyn: або (abo)

Slovak: abo

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: abò

Slovincian: abô

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: abo

Upper Sorbian: abo


kobyla

kobỳla (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
kobỳla (nominative singular)
kobỳlě (dual nominative)
kobỳly (nominative plural)
kobỳly (genitive singular)
kobỳlu (dual genitive)
kobỳlъ (genitive plural)
kobỳlě (dative singular)
kobỳlama (dative dual)
kobỳlamъ (dative plural)
kobỳlǫ (accusative singular)
kobỳlě (accusative dual)
kobỳly (accusative plural)
kobỳlojǫ (instrumental singular)
kobỳlǭ (instrumental singular)
kobỳlama (dual instrumental)
kobỳlamī (instrumental plural)
kobỳlě (locative singular)
kobỳlu (dual locative)
kobỳlasъ (locative plural)
kobỳlaxъ (locative plural)
kobỳlo (singular vocative)
kobỳlě (dual vocative)
kobỳly (plural vocative)

Cabyle
Cybele
Oleg Trubachyov
uk:Мельничук Олександр Савич

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кобꙑла (kobyla)

Old Ruthenian: кобы́ла (kobýla)
Belarusian: кабы́ла (kabýla)
Carpathian Rusyn: кобы́ла (kobŷ́la)
Ukrainian: коби́ла (kobýla)

Russian: кобы́ла (kobýla)

Old Novgorodian: кобꙑла (kobyla)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: кобꙑла (kobyla)

Glagolitic script: ⰽⱁⰱⱏⰺⰾⰰ (kobyla)

Bulgarian: коби́ла (kobíla)

Macedonian: кобила (kobila)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ко̀била

Latin script: kòbila

Slovene: kobíla

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kobyla

Czech: kobyla

Kashubian: kòbëła

Polabian: ťübålă

Old Polish: kobyła

Polish: kobyła; kobėła (dialectal)

Old Slovak: kobyla, kobola, kobula

Pannonian Rusyn: кобула (kobula)

Slovak: kobyla; kobula, kobola (dialectal)

Slovincian: kôbëla

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: kobyła; kobuła (dialectal)

Upper Sorbian: kobła

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: cobilă

From Early Proto-Slavic *kabūlā, further likely originating from the Balkans or Anatolia. Most likely borrowed from Thracian *kabūlā (“mare, horse”), whence the toponym Κᾰβῠ́λη (Kabúlē, “Cabyle”) in ancient Thrace. Further associated with the names of the mountain Κῠ́βελᾰ (Kúbela) in Anatolia and the Phrygian Mother of the Gods Κῠβέλη (Kubélē, “Cybele”), also called Κῠβέλεια Μήτηρ (Kubéleia Mḗtēr, “Mountain Mother”) and seems to have been designated in the Mycenaean Greek Pylos texts as 𐀡𐀴𐀛𐀊 𐀂𐀤𐀊 (po-ti-ni-ja i-qe-ja, “lady of horses”). Phrygian *kubela probably meant “mountain; mountain horse”, a kind of Asia Minor cultural calque; compare “horse” in Hittite 𒀲𒆳𒊏𒍑 (ANŠE.KUR.RA-us /*ekkus/) literally “mountain donkeys” < 𒀲 (anše, “donkey; equid”) + 𒆳𒊏 (kur-ra /kurak/, “of the mountain”). Thracian and Phrygian have different vowels of the suffix (*-ula : *-ela) and the root < *kaub- : *kub-.
Cognate with Ancient Greek κᾰβᾰ́λλης (kabállēs, “nag”), Latin caballus (“pack-horse”), Proto-Celtic *kaballos (“horse”) and Swabian Kōb (“nag”).

cog

implements or things that look like a horse


rodina

rodina (nominative singular)
rodině (dual nominative)
rodiny (nominative plural)
rodiny (genitive singular)
rodinu (dual genitive)
rodinъ (genitive plural)
rodině (dative singular)
rodinama (dative dual)
rodinamъ (dative plural)
rodinǫ (accusative singular)
rodině (accusative dual)
rodiny (accusative plural)
rodinojǫ (instrumental singular)
rodinǫ (instrumental singular)
rodinama (dual instrumental)
rodinami (instrumental plural)
rodině (locative singular)
rodinu (dual locative)
rodinasъ (locative plural)
rodinaxъ (locative plural)
rodino (singular vocative)
rodině (dual vocative)
rodiny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Belarusian: радзі́на (radzína), ро́дзiна (ródzina)

Russian: ро́дина (ródina)

Carpathian Rusyn: родина́ (rodyná)

Ukrainian: роди́на (rodýna)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: роди́на (rodína)

Macedonian: родина (rodina)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: rodína, ródina (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: rodina

Czech: rodina

desctree

Old Polish: rodzina
Polish: rodzina
Silesian: rodzina

Old Slovak: rodina

Pannonian Rusyn: родзина (rodzina)

Slovak: rodina

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: rodzëna

Slovincian: rôdzëna

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: rodźina

Lower Sorbian: roźina


koža

kòža (canonical feminine)
b (accent-paradigm)
kòža (nominative singular)
kòži (dual nominative)
kòžę̇ (nominative plural)
kòžę̇ (genitive singular)
kòžu (dual genitive)
kòžь (genitive plural)
kòži (dative singular)
kòžama (dative dual)
kòžamъ (dative plural)
kòžǫ (accusative singular)
kòži (accusative dual)
kòžę̇ (accusative plural)
kòžejǫ (instrumental singular)
kòžǫ (instrumental singular)
kòžama (dual instrumental)
kòžamī (instrumental plural)
kòži (locative singular)
kòžu (dual locative)
kòžasъ (locative plural)
kòžaxъ (locative plural)
kože (singular vocative)
kòži (dual vocative)
kòžę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кожа (koža)

Belarusian: ко́жа (kóža)

Russian: ко́жа (kóža)

Ukrainian: ко́жа (kóža)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: кожа (koža)

Glagolitic script: ⰽⱁⰶⰰ (koža)

Bulgarian: ко́жа (kóža)

Macedonian: ко́жа (kóža)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ко̏жа

Latin script: kȍža

Slovene: kọ́ža (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kóžě

Czech: kůže

Old Polish: koża

⇒ Polish: kożuch

Slovak: koža

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: koža

Lower Sorbian: kóža

→ Byzantine Greek: Κοζάνη (Kozánē)

Greek: Κοζάνη (Kozáni)

→ Aromanian: coaji

→ Megleno-Romanian: coajă

→ Romanian: coajă


skala

skàla (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
skala (nominative singular)
skàlě (dual nominative)
skàly (nominative plural)
skàly (genitive singular)
skàlu (dual genitive)
skàlъ (genitive plural)
skàlě (dative singular)
skàlama (dative dual)
skàlamъ (dative plural)
skàlǫ (accusative singular)
skàlě (accusative dual)
skàly (accusative plural)
skàlojǫ (instrumental singular)
skàlǭ (instrumental singular)
skàlama (dual instrumental)
skàlamī (instrumental plural)
skàlě (locative singular)
skàlu (dual locative)
skàlasъ (locative plural)
skàlaxъ (locative plural)
skàlo (singular vocative)
skàlě (dual vocative)
skàly (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: скала́ (skalá)

desc

Ukrainian: скала́ (skalá), ска́ля (skálja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: скала (skala)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⰽⰰⰾⰰ (skala)

Bulgarian: скала́ (skalá)

Macedonian: скала (skala) (dated, dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ска̏ла

Latin script: skȁla

Slovene: skála

West Slavic:

Old Czech: skála

Czech: skála

Bohemian (Chod dialect): škála

Old Polish: skała

Polish: skała

Slovak: skala

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: skała

Lower Sorbian: skała

Substantivized collective noun from *skàliti (“to chop”) + *-а. Perhaps, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *skalā́ˀ, from a long o-grade of Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to cut, to chop”), akin to Lithuanian skalà (“chip, sliver”), Proto-Germanic *skalō (“lump, ball”).

der

(perhaps originally) crack, cleft → sliver, fragment, wedge


cica

cica (nominative singular)
cici (dual nominative)
cicę̇ (nominative plural)
cicę̇ (genitive singular)
cicu (dual genitive)
cicь (genitive plural)
cici (dative singular)
cicama (dative dual)
cicamъ (dative plural)
cicǫ (accusative singular)
cici (accusative dual)
cicę̇ (accusative plural)
cicejǫ (instrumental singular)
cicǫ (instrumental singular)
cicama (dual instrumental)
cicami (instrumental plural)
cici (locative singular)
cicu (dual locative)
cicasъ (locative plural)
cicaxъ (locative plural)
cice (singular vocative)
cici (dual vocative)
cicę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: цы́ца (cýca) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: ци́ця (cýcja)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ци́ца (cíca)

Macedonian: цица (cica)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ци̏ца

Latin script: cȉca

West Slavic:

Slovak: cica (dialectal)

onomatopoeic

Onomatopoeic

Alternative form of *cicь (“breast/nipple”)


tata

tata (nominative singular)
tatě (dual nominative)
taty (nominative plural)
taty (genitive singular)
tatu (dual genitive)
tatъ (genitive plural)
tatě (dative singular)
tatama (dative dual)
tatamъ (dative plural)
tatǫ (accusative singular)
tatě (accusative dual)
taty (accusative plural)
tatojǫ (instrumental singular)
tatǫ (instrumental singular)
tatama (dual instrumental)
tatami (instrumental plural)
tatě (locative singular)
tatu (dual locative)
tatasъ (locative plural)
tataxъ (locative plural)
tato (singular vocative)
tatě (dual vocative)
taty (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *тата (*tata)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: та́та (táta)
Belarusian: та́та (táta), та́то (táto) (dialectal)
Ukrainian: та́то (táto); та́та (táta) (dialectal)

Russian: та́та (táta), та́той (tátoj) (dialectal); тя́тя (tjátja)

→ Livvi: tuatto

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: та́те (táte), dimin. та́тко (tátko)

Macedonian: татко (tatko)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: та̏та

Latin script: tȁta

Slovene: táta

West Slavic:

Czech: táta

Kashubian: tata, dimin. tatk

Polish: tata, dimin. tatko

Slovak: tata

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: tata

Lower Sorbian: tata

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tatas, from Proto-Indo-European *tatás.
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian tė̃tis, tėtýtis, tė̃tė, Latvian tētis, Old Prussian thetis.
Indo-European cognates include Vedic Sanskrit तत (tatá), Sanskrit तात (tā́ta), Ancient Greek τατᾶ (tatâ), τέττα (tétta), Latin tata, Cornish tat, Albanian tatë.


voda

vodà (canonical feminine)
c (accent-paradigm)
vodà (nominative singular)
vȍdě (dual nominative)
vȍdy (nominative plural)
vodý (genitive singular)
vodù (dual genitive)
vòdъ (genitive plural)
vodě̀ (dative singular)
vodàma (dative dual)
vodàmъ (dative plural)
vȍdǫ (accusative singular)
vȍdě (accusative dual)
vȍdy (accusative plural)
vodojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
vodàma (dual instrumental)
vodàmi (instrumental plural)
vȍdě (locative singular)
vodù (dual locative)
vodàsъ (locative plural)
vodàxъ (locative plural)
vodo (singular vocative)
vȍdě (dual vocative)
vȍdy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вода (voda)
Old Ruthenian: вода́ (vodá)
Belarusian: вада́ (vadá)
Carpathian Rusyn: вода́ (vodá)
Ukrainian: вода́ (vodá)
Russian: вода́ (vodá)

Old Novgorodian: вода (voda)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⰲⱁⰴⰰ (voda)

Old Cyrillic script: вода (voda)
Bulgarian: вода́ (vodá)
Macedonian: во́да (vóda)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: во̀да

Latin script: vòda

Slovene: vóda (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: voda
Czech: voda

Old Polish: woda
Polish: woda
Silesian: woda

Old Slovak: voda
Pannonian Rusyn: вода (voda)
Slovak: voda

Polabian: vådă

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: wòda

Slovincian: wôda

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wóda

Upper Sorbian: woda

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wandō, from Proto-Indo-European *wédōr, collective of PIE r/n-stem heteroclitic *wódr̥.


va

jãzъ (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
ty̑ (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
mę̑ (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
tę̑ (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sę̑ (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mȅne (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
tȅbe (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
sȅbe (genitive personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mьně̀ (first-person locative personal pronoun singular)
tebě̀ (locative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sebě̀ (locative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mьně̀ (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
tebě̀ (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
ti (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sebě̀ (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
si (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mъnòjǫ (first-person instrumental personal pronoun singular)
mъnojǫ̀ (first-person instrumental personal pronoun singular)
tobòjǫ (instrumental personal pronoun second-person singular)
tobojǫ̀ (instrumental personal pronoun second-person singular)
sobòjǫ (instrumental personal pronoun reflexive singular)
sobojǫ̀ (instrumental personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mojь (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
tvojь (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
svojь (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular)
vě̑ (dual first-person nominative personal pronoun)
vȃ (dual nominative personal pronoun second-person)
nȃ (accusative dual first-person personal pronoun)
vȃ (accusative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sę̑ (accusative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
nàju (dual first-person genitive personal pronoun)
vàju (dual genitive personal pronoun second-person)
sȅbe (dual genitive personal pronoun reflexive)
nàju (dual first-person locative personal pronoun)
vàju (dual locative personal pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (dual locative personal pronoun reflexive)
nàma (dative dual first-person personal pronoun)
vàma (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
va (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
si (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
nàma (dual first-person instrumental personal pronoun)
vàma (dual instrumental personal pronoun second-person)
sobòjǫ (dual instrumental personal pronoun reflexive)
sobojǫ̀ (dual instrumental personal pronoun reflexive)
našь (dual first-person personal possessive pronoun)
vašь (dual personal possessive pronoun second-person)
svojь (dual personal possessive pronoun reflexive)
my̑ (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
vy̑ (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
ny̑ (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
vy̑ (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sę̑ (accusative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàsъ (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
vàsъ (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
sȅbe (genitive personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàsъ (first-person locative personal plural pronoun)
vàsъ (locative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (locative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàmъ (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
vàmъ (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
si (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàmi (first-person instrumental personal plural pronoun)
vàmi (instrumental personal plural pronoun second-person)
sobòjǫ (instrumental personal plural pronoun reflexive)
sobojǫ̀ (instrumental personal plural pronoun reflexive)
našь (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
vašь (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
svojь (personal plural possessive pronoun reflexive)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ва (va)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: ва (va)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⰰ (va)

West Slavic:

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: wa pl

Slovincian: wa

Sorbian:

⇒ Lower Sorbian: wej

⇒ Upper Sorbian: wój

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wēˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁.


va

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wāˀs, from Proto-Indo-European *weh₂-s. Cognate with Lithuanian võs (“hardly”).


para

pàra (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
para (nominative singular)
pàrě (dual nominative)
pàry (nominative plural)
pàry (genitive singular)
pàru (dual genitive)
pàrъ (genitive plural)
pàrě (dative singular)
pàrama (dative dual)
pàramъ (dative plural)
pàrǫ (accusative singular)
pàrě (accusative dual)
pàry (accusative plural)
pàrojǫ (instrumental singular)
pàrǭ (instrumental singular)
pàrama (dual instrumental)
pàramī (instrumental plural)
pàrě (locative singular)
pàru (dual locative)
pàrasъ (locative plural)
pàraxъ (locative plural)
pàro (singular vocative)
pàrě (dual vocative)
pàry (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: пара (para), паръ (parŭ)

Belarusian: па́ра (pára)

Russian: пар (par)

→ Kildin Sami: поарр (pårr)

→ Komi-Zyrian: пар (par)

Ukrainian: па́ра (pára)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: па́ра (pára)

Macedonian: пара (para)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: па̏ра

Latin script: pȁra

Slovene: pȃra

West Slavic:

Old Czech: pára

Czech: pára

desctree

Old Polish: para (“steam”)
Polish: para (“steam”)
Silesian: para (“steam”)

Slovak: para

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: para

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: pára

Deverbal from *pariti, a secondary causative from *porěti (“to smolder”).

Marko Snoj
bg:Иван Дуриданов


věda

East Slavic: –

South Slavic: –

West Slavic:

Czech: věda (“science”)

Slovak: veda (“science”)

desc

Lower Sorbian: wěda (“knowledge, science”)

Upper Sorbian: wěda (“knowledge”)

From *věděti (“to know, to wit”) + *-a, ultimately from *wóyde (“to have seen”). The lemma originally referred to the result of viewing, witnessing, which later evolved to mean knowledge, information. Cognate with Lithuanian vaĩzdas (“view”), Sanskrit वेद (véda, “knowledge”) with a shift from male to female gender, due to the collective nature of the Slavic term. German Wissen (“knowledge”) is also derived from the same proto-Indo-European base, however, following a different morphological path.


za

East Slavic:

Old Ruthenian: за (za)

Belarusian: за (za)

Carpathian Rusyn: за (za)

Ukrainian: за (za)

Russian: за (za)

Old Novgorodian: ꙁа (za)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: за (za)

Glagolitic script: ⰸⰰ (za)

Bulgarian: за (za)

Macedonian: за (za), зад (zad)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: за

Latin script: za

Slovene: za (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: za
Czech: za

Old Polish: za
Polish: za
Silesian: za

Slovak: za

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: za, zó

Slovincian: za

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: za

Lower Sorbian: za

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *źō, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰō (“behind, under, out of, because of”), itself perhaps a pronominal instrumental form from the *gʰe, *gʰo. Cognate with East Lithuanian аžù (аž before vowels) from *аžúо (“behind”), dial. Latvian аz, âz alongside with àiz- (“behind, beyond”).

inh

(+instrumental) behind, after (stationary)

(+accusative) for, in exchange for, for the purpose of, in favour of


misa

mìsa (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
mìsa (nominative singular)
mìsě (dual nominative)
mìsy (nominative plural)
mìsy (genitive singular)
mìsu (dual genitive)
mìsъ (genitive plural)
mìsě (dative singular)
mìsama (dative dual)
mìsamъ (dative plural)
mìsǫ (accusative singular)
mìsě (accusative dual)
mìsy (accusative plural)
mìsojǫ (instrumental singular)
mìsǭ (instrumental singular)
mìsama (dual instrumental)
mìsamī (instrumental plural)
mìsě (locative singular)
mìsu (dual locative)
mìsasъ (locative plural)
mìsaxъ (locative plural)
mìso (singular vocative)
mìsě (dual vocative)
mìsy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ми́са (mísa)

Old Belarusian: ми́са (mísa)

Belarusian: мі́са (mísa); мы́са (mýsa) (dialectal)

Russian: ми́са (mísa)

Old Ukrainian: ми́са (mísa)

Ukrainian: ми́са (mýsa); ми́ся́ (mýsjá) (childish)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: миса (misa)

Glagolitic script: ⰿⰺⱄⰰ (misa)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: misa

Czech: mísa, misa

Polish: misa

Slovak: misa

Slovincian: mísa

⇒ Slovincian: mjiscê

Probably through Germanic intermediation (compare Old High German mias), borrowed from Vulgar Latin mēsa, from Latin mēnsa (“table”).


lada

lada (nominative singular)
ladě (dual nominative)
lady (nominative plural)
lady (genitive singular)
ladu (dual genitive)
ladъ (genitive plural)
ladě (dative singular)
ladama (dative dual)
ladamъ (dative plural)
ladǫ (accusative singular)
ladě (accusative dual)
lady (accusative plural)
ladojǫ (instrumental singular)
ladǫ (instrumental singular)
ladama (dual instrumental)
ladami (instrumental plural)
ladě (locative singular)
ladu (dual locative)
ladasъ (locative plural)
ladaxъ (locative plural)
lado (singular vocative)
ladě (dual vocative)
lady (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: ла́да (láda), ла́до (ládo, “husband”)

Old Ruthenian: ла́до (ládo), ла́да (láda, “dear, sweet, beloved”)

Ukrainian: (dialectal) ла́до m or n (ládo, “husband, spouse, beloved”), ла́до (ládo, “pet name”), ла́до (ládo, “refrain/chant”)

Russian: (dialectal) ла́да f (láda, “agreement, amicable transaction; term, contract”), ла́да f or m (láda, “husband, wife”), ла́да (láda, “someone beloved, usually child”), ла́до (ládo, “partner, husband”)

South Slavic:

Church Slavonic ладо n (lado, “beloved (male or female)”)

girl in a wedding custom <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="bg">ладу́ване</i> (ladúvane); refrain/chant

Bulgarian: ла́да (láda, “girl in a wedding custom ладу́ване (ladúvane); refrain/chant”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ла̏да (“wife; refrain/chant”) (obsolete)

Latin script: lȁda (“wife; refrain/chant”) (obsolete)

Slovene: lada (“refrain/chant”)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: lada (“beloved, maiden, girl”)

Old Polish: *łada, łado (vocative), Łada (proper noun)

⇒ Old Polish: Ładzic (proper noun)

Polish: (Middle Polish) łado (vocative)

→ Latin: Lada (“Polish pseudogoddess”)

Slovak: lada (“harlot”), lado

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: lado (“an insulting name for an ugly, shabby woman”)

Non-Slavic:

→ Lithuanian: lado (refrain)

From *ladъ (“order, harmony”) + *-a with meaning shift:
* Šanskij: “the one who made an agreement” > “spouse”
* Sławski: like in German Gatte (“spouse”), Middle High German gegate (“partner, spouse”) : German gätlich (“suitable”) Middle High German gigat (“to coincide; to correspond”) (see Proto-Germanic *gadilingaz)
Less likely related to Lycian 𐊍𐊀𐊅𐊀 (lada, “wife”).

cog

(East Slavic) husband; male consort, male lover?

(music) element of folk song refrains (as vocative), possibly with no meaning