tъrgъ

tъ̑rgъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
tъ̑rgъ (nominative singular)
tъ̑rgy (dual nominative)
tъ̑rgove (nominative plural)
tъ̑rgu (genitive singular)
tъrgovù (dual genitive)
tъrgòvъ (genitive plural)
tъ̑rgovi (dative singular)
tъrgъmà (dative dual)
tъ̑rgъmъ (dative plural)
tъ̑rgъ (accusative singular)
tъ̑rgy (accusative dual)
tъ̑rgy (accusative plural)
tъ̑rgъmь (instrumental singular)
tъrgъmà (dual instrumental)
tъrgъmì (instrumental plural)
tъrgú (locative singular)
tъrgovù (dual locative)
tъ̑rgъxъ (locative plural)
tъrgu (singular vocative)
tъ̑rgy (dual vocative)
tъ̑rgove (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: търгъ (tŭrgŭ)
Belarusian: торг (torh)
Russian: торг (torg)
Ukrainian: торг (torh)
→ Estonian: turg
→ Finnish: turku
→? Ingrian: turu
→ Latvian: tirgus
→ Lithuanian: tur̃gus
→ Old Norse: torg (“market”)
Danish: torv
Faroese: torg
Icelandic: torg
Norwegian: torg
Swedish: torg
→ Finnish: tori

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: тръгъ (trŭgŭ)

Glagolitic: ⱅⱃⱏⰳⱏ (trŭgŭ)

Bulgarian: търг (tǎrg)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тр̏г

Latin script: tȑg

Slovene: tȓg (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: trh

Czech: trh

Kashubian: tôrg

Old Polish: targ

Polish: targ

Slovak: trh

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: torhośćo

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: târg

Of unclear origin. According to some, connected with the word *toržìti (“to seek, look for”), cf Serbo-Croatian trážiti (“to trace”) from Proto-Slavic *tragъ, from Proto-Indo-European *tregʰ-, a variation of *dʰregʰ- (“to pull, draw, drag”). Cognates include Latin trahō and Old Irish traig (“foot”). For a semantic parallel compare Hungarian keres (“to seek, look for”) : kereskedelem (“trade, commerce”).
The Latin place-name Tergeste (whence Italian Trieste), first attested around 100 BC (by the Greek geographer Artemidorus of Ephesus), possibly from Venetic, but with the typically Balkan suffix -est-, has often been derived from a *terg- which is speculated to mean "market" or "marketplace" and to be cognate with the Slavic lexeme.

(by extension) a place where trade is being done; market


pěsnь

pěsnь (nominative singular)
pěsni (dual nominative)
pěsni (nominative plural)
pěsni (genitive singular)
pěsnьju (dual genitive)
pěsnьjь (genitive plural)
pěsni (dative singular)
pěsnьma (dative dual)
pěsnьmъ (dative plural)
pěsnь (accusative singular)
pěsni (accusative dual)
pěsni (accusative plural)
pěsnьjǫ (instrumental singular)
pěsnьma (dual instrumental)
pěsnьmi (instrumental plural)
pěsni (locative singular)
pěsnьju (dual locative)
pěsnьxъ (locative plural)
pěsni (singular vocative)
pěsni (dual vocative)
pěsni (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: пѣснь (pěsnĭ)

Belarusian: пе́сня (pjésnja)

Russian: пе́сня (pésnja)

Russenorsk: pæsna

Carpathian Rusyn: пісня (pisnja)

Ukrainian: пі́сня (písnja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: пѣснь (pěsnĭ)

Glagolitic: ⱂⱑⱄⱀⱐ (pěsnĭ)

Bulgarian: песен (pesen)

Macedonian: песна (pesna)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пе̏сма/пје̏сма (< assimilated *pěsma), пјесн-ик/песн-ик

Latin: pȅsma/pjȅsma/pisma (< assimilated *pěsma), pjȅsan, pjesn-ik/pesn-ik

Slovene: pẹ̑səm (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: piesn

Czech: píseň

Kashubian: piesniô

Polabian: pesĕn

Polish: pieśń

⇒ Polish: piosnka, piosenka

Slovak: pieseň

Slovincian: pjêsnja

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pěseń

Upper Sorbian: pěseń


klasti

klàsti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
kladenьje (noun-from-verb)
klasti (infinitive)
klastъ (supine)
kladlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
kladenъ (participle passive past)
kladomъ (participle passive present)
kladъ (active participle past)
klady (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
kladъ (aorist first-person singular)
kladoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
klade (aorist second-person singular)
klade (aorist singular third-person)
kladǫ (first-person present singular)
kladeši (present second-person singular)
kladetь (present singular third-person)
kladově (aorist dual first-person)
kladoxově (aorist dual first-person)
kladeta (aorist dual second-person)
kladosta (aorist dual second-person)
kladete (aorist dual third-person)
kladoste (aorist dual third-person)
kladevě (dual first-person present)
kladeta (dual present second-person)
kladete (dual present third-person)
kladomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kladoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kladete (aorist plural second-person)
kladoste (aorist plural second-person)
kladǫ (aorist plural third-person)
kladošę (aorist plural third-person)
klademъ (first-person plural present)
kladete (plural present second-person)
kladǫtь (plural present third-person)
kladěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kladěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kladěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kladi (imperative second-person singular)
kladi (imperative singular third-person)
kladěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kladěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kladěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kladěvě (dual first-person imperative)
kladěta (dual imperative second-person)
kladěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kladěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kladěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kladěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
kladěte (imperative plural second-person)

Marko Snoj
Rick Derksen
Vladimir I. Georgiev

East Slavic:

Belarusian: кла́сці (klásci)

Russian: класть (klastʹ)

Ukrainian: кла́сти (klásty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: класти (klasti)

Bulgarian: клада́ (kladá); dial. кла́вам (klávam), кла́жa (kláža)

Macedonian: кладе pf (klade) (regionalism), клава impf (klava) (regionalism)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кла̏сти

Latin script: klȁsti

Slovene: klásti (tonal orthography) (archaic)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: klásti

Czech: klást

Kashubian: kłasc

Old Polish: kłaść
Polish: kłaść
Silesian: kłaść

Slovak: klásť

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: clădi (“to build”)

Per LIV, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *klā́ˀtei + *-sti (dʰé-conjugation), perhaps back-formed from the proto dʰi-imperative, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂-. Cognate with ye-presents Lithuanian klóti (“to spread”), Latvian klât (“to cover, spread”). Compare also Lithuanian klõdas (“layer, stratum”).
Dialectal Bulgarian also exhibits reflexes of athematic conjugation клам pf (klam, “to lay down”), of unclear diachronic origin (could be a contraction of кла́вам (klávam)).

(reflexive) (+ *sę) to provide for, to feed (oneself)


bordatъ

bordàtъ (canonical)
bordatъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
bordata (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
bordato (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
bordata (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
bordaty (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
bordata (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
bordatu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
bordatě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
bordatu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
bordatъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
bordatǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
bordato (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
bordatomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
bordatojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
bordatomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
bordatě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
bordatě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
bordatě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
bordate (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
bordato (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
bordato (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
bordata (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
bordatě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
bordatě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
bordatu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
bordatu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
bordatu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
bordatoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
bordatama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
bordatoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
bordata (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
bordatě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
bordatě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
bordatoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
bordatama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
bordatoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
bordatu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
bordatu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
bordatu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
bordata (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
bordatě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
bordatě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
bordati (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
bordaty (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
bordata (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
bordatъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
bordatъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
bordatъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
bordatomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
bordatamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
bordatomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
bordaty (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
bordaty (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
bordata (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
bordaty (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
bordatami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
bordaty (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
bordatěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
bordataxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
bordatěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
bordati (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
bordaty (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
bordata (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
bordatъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
bordataja (definite feminine nominative singular)
bordatoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
bordatajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
bordatyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
bordatajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
bordatujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
bordatěji (dative definite feminine singular)
bordatujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
bordatъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
bordatǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
bordatoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
bordatyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
bordatǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
bordatyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
bordatějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
bordatěji (definite feminine locative singular)
bordatějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
bordatъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
bordataja (definite feminine singular vocative)
bordatoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
bordataja (definite dual masculine nominative)
bordatěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
bordatěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
bordatuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
bordatuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
bordatuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
bordatyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
bordatyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
bordatyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
bordataja (accusative definite dual masculine)
bordatěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
bordatěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
bordatyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
bordatyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
bordatyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
bordatuju (definite dual locative masculine)
bordatuju (definite dual feminine locative)
bordatuju (definite dual locative neuter)
bordataja (definite dual masculine vocative)
bordatěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
bordatěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
bordatiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
bordatyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
bordataja (definite neuter nominative plural)
bordatъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
bordatъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
bordatъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
bordatyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
bordatyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
bordatyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
bordatyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
bordatyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
bordataja (accusative definite neuter plural)
bordatyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
bordatyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
bordatyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
bordatyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
bordatyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
bordatyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
bordatiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
bordatyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
bordataja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *bordatъ (hard)

Definite declension of *bordatъ (hard)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: бородатъ (borodatŭ)
Old Ruthenian: бородатый (borodatyj)
Belarusian: барада́ты (baradáty)
Carpathian Rusyn: борода́тый (borodátŷj)
Ukrainian: борода́тий (borodátyj)
Russian: борода́тый (borodátyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Bulgarian: брада́т (bradát)

Macedonian: брадат (bradat)

→ Old East Slavic: брадатъ (bradatŭ)

Russian: брада́тый (bradátyj)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бра̀дат

Latin script: bràdat

Slovene: bradȁt (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: bradatý

Czech: bradatý

Polish: brodaty

Old Slovak: bradatý

Pannonian Rusyn: брадати (bradati)

Slovak: bradatý

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: bardati, brodati

Slovincian: brôdaty

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: brodaty

Upper Sorbian: brodaty

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bardā́ˀtas. By surface analysis, *borda (“beard”) + *-atъ.


ǫzъkъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *ǫzъkъ (hard)

Definite declension of *ǫzъkъ (hard)

ǫzъkъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
ǫzъka (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
ǫzъko (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
ǫzъka (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
ǫzъky (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
ǫzъka (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
ǫzъku (dative indefinite masculine singular)
ǫzъcě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
ǫzъku (dative indefinite neuter singular)
ǫzъkъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
ǫzъkǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
ǫzъko (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
ǫzъkomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
ǫzъkojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
ǫzъkomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
ǫzъcě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
ǫzъcě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
ǫzъcě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
ǫzъče (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
ǫzъko (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
ǫzъko (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
ǫzъka (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
ǫzъcě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
ǫzъcě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
ǫzъku (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
ǫzъku (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
ǫzъku (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
ǫzъkoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
ǫzъkama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
ǫzъkoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
ǫzъka (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
ǫzъcě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
ǫzъcě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
ǫzъkoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
ǫzъkama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
ǫzъkoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
ǫzъku (dual indefinite locative masculine)
ǫzъku (dual feminine indefinite locative)
ǫzъku (dual indefinite locative neuter)
ǫzъka (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
ǫzъcě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
ǫzъcě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
ǫzъci (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
ǫzъky (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
ǫzъka (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
ǫzъkъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
ǫzъkъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
ǫzъkъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
ǫzъkomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
ǫzъkamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
ǫzъkomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
ǫzъky (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
ǫzъky (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
ǫzъka (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
ǫzъky (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
ǫzъkami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
ǫzъky (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
ǫzъcěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
ǫzъkaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
ǫzъcěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
ǫzъci (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
ǫzъky (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
ǫzъka (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
ǫzъkъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
ǫzъkaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
ǫzъkoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
ǫzъkajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
ǫzъkyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
ǫzъkajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
ǫzъkujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
ǫzъcěji (dative definite feminine singular)
ǫzъkujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
ǫzъkъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
ǫzъkǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
ǫzъkoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
ǫzъkyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
ǫzъkǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
ǫzъkyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
ǫzъcějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
ǫzъcěji (definite feminine locative singular)
ǫzъcějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
ǫzъkъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
ǫzъkaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
ǫzъkoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
ǫzъkaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
ǫzъcěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
ǫzъcěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
ǫzъkuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
ǫzъkuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
ǫzъkuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
ǫzъkyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
ǫzъkyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
ǫzъkyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
ǫzъkaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
ǫzъcěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
ǫzъcěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
ǫzъkyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
ǫzъkyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
ǫzъkyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
ǫzъkuju (definite dual locative masculine)
ǫzъkuju (definite dual feminine locative)
ǫzъkuju (definite dual locative neuter)
ǫzъkaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
ǫzъcěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
ǫzъcěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
ǫzъciji (definite masculine nominative plural)
ǫzъkyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
ǫzъkaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
ǫzъkъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
ǫzъkъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
ǫzъkъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
ǫzъkyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
ǫzъkyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
ǫzъkyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
ǫzъkyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
ǫzъkyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
ǫzъkaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
ǫzъkyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
ǫzъkyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
ǫzъkyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
ǫzъkyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
ǫzъkyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
ǫzъkyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
ǫzъciji (definite masculine plural vocative)
ǫzъkyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
ǫzъkaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: ѫзъкъ (ǫzŭkŭ), узъкъ (uzŭkŭ)

Old Ruthenian: узкїй (uzkij), вузкїй (vuzkij), узскїй (uzskij)

Belarusian: ву́зкі (vúzki)

Carpathian Rusyn: узкый (uzkŷj)

Ukrainian: вузьки́й (vuzʹkýj)

Russian: у́зкий (úzkij)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: ѫзъкъ (ǫzŭkŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱘⰸⱏⰽⱏ (ǫzŭkŭ)

Bulgarian: у́зък (úzǎk) (archaic)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: у̏зак

Latin script: ȕzak

Slovene: ọ́zək (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: wąsczi

Old Czech: úzký

Czech: úzký

Old Polish: wąski

Polish: wąski

Silesian: wōnski

Slovak: úzky

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wuski

Lower Sorbian: wuzki

From Pre-Slavic *anźukas, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *anźus, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énǵʰus.


stolъ

stòlъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
stòlъ (nominative singular)
stolà (dual nominative)
stolì (nominative plural)
stolà (genitive singular)
stolù (dual genitive)
stòlъ (genitive plural)
stolù (dative singular)
stolòma (dative dual)
stolòmъ (dative plural)
stòlъ (accusative singular)
stolà (accusative dual)
stolỳ (accusative plural)
stolъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
stolòmь (instrumental singular)
stolòma (dual instrumental)
stòly (instrumental plural)
stolě̀ (locative singular)
stolù (dual locative)
stòlěxъ (locative plural)
stole (singular vocative)
stolà (dual vocative)
stolì (plural vocative)
b (accent-paradigm)
stòlъ (nominative singular)
stolỳ (dual nominative)
stolòve (nominative plural)
stolù (genitive singular)
stolòvu (dual genitive)
stolòvъ (genitive plural)
stolòvi (dative singular)
stòlъma (dative dual)
stolъ̀mъ (dative plural)
stòlъ (accusative singular)
stolỳ (accusative dual)
stolỳ (accusative plural)
stolъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
stòlъma (dual instrumental)
stòlъmī (instrumental plural)
stòlu (locative singular)
stolòvu (dual locative)
stolъ̀xъ (locative plural)
stolu (singular vocative)
stolỳ (dual vocative)
stolòve (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: столъ (stolŭ)
Old Ruthenian: столъ (stol)
Belarusian: стол (stol)
Carpathian Rusyn: стул (stul)
Ukrainian: стіл (stil)
Russian: стол (stol) (see there for further descendants)
→ Erzya: столь (stoľ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: столъ (stolŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱅⱁⰾⱏ (stolŭ)

Bulgarian: стол (stol)

Macedonian: стол (stol)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сто̑л, сто̑

Latin: stȏl, stȏ

Slovene: stȍł (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: stół

Old Czech: stól
Czech: stůl

Old Polish: stół
Polish: stół
Silesian: stōł

Slovak: stôl

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: stoł

Lower Sorbian: stoł

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: stol

→ Hungarian: asztal (“table”)

→ Serbo-Croatian: àstāl / а̀ста̄л

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *stálas (“table; seat, chair”), generally viewed as a derivative of *stati (“to stand”) + *-elъ. Analogous to Proto-Germanic *stōlaz (full-grade), whence Old East Slavic стулъ (stulŭ, “chair”) via Old Norse or early Low German.
In the past, a relation to Proto-Slavic *stelti, *stьlati (“to spread, to lay”) was considered (e.g. by Mladenov, Machek), with possible cognates Ancient Greek στήλη (stḗlē, “stone block”), στῦλος (stûlos, “pillar”). Nowadays, usually dismissed.


agnętina

agnętina (nominative singular)
agnętiny (genitive singular)
agnętině (dative singular)
agnętinǫ (accusative singular)
agnętinojǫ (instrumental singular)
agnętinǫ (instrumental singular)
agnętině (locative singular)
agnętino (singular vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ягня́ціна (jahnjácina)

Russian: ягня́тина (jagnjátina)

Ukrainian: ягня́тина (jahnjátyna)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ја̀њетина, ја̀гњетина

Latin script: jànjetina, jàgnjetina

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: jágnjetina, jagnjetína (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jěhnětina (“lambskin”)

desc

Czech: jehnětina (“lambskin”), jehněčina (“lambskin, lamb meat”)

Polish: jagnięcina

Slovak: jahňacina

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: jagnjeśina


agnьcь

àgnьcь (canonical masculine)
a (accent-paradigm)
àgnьcь (nominative singular)
àgnьca (dual nominative)
àgnьci (nominative plural)
àgnьca (genitive singular)
àgnьcu (dual genitive)
àgnьcь (genitive plural)
àgnьcu (dative singular)
àgnьcema (dative dual)
àgnьcēmъ (dative plural)
àgnьcь (accusative singular)
àgnьca (accusative dual)
àgnьcę̇ (accusative plural)
àgnьcьmь (instrumental singular)
àgnьcemь (instrumental singular)
àgnьcema (dual instrumental)
àgnьcī (instrumental plural)
àgnьci (locative singular)
àgnьcu (dual locative)
àgnьcīxъ (locative plural)
àgnьče (singular vocative)
àgnьca (dual vocative)
àgnьci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: агньць (agnĭcĭ), агнець (agnecĭ), агнецъ (agnecŭ), агниць (agnicĭ)

Old Ruthenian: агнецъ (ahnecʹ)

Ukrainian: а́гнець (áhnecʹ) (archaic)

Russian: а́гнец (ágnec) (archaic)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: агньць (agnĭcĭ), ꙗгньць (jagnĭcĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰰⰳⱀⱐⱌⱐ (agnĭcĭ), ⱑⰳⱀⱐⱌⱐ (jagnĭcĭ)

Bulgarian: а́гне́ц (ágnéc)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ја̏гањац

Latin script: jȁganjac

Slovene: jāgnjec (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desctree

Old Czech: jěhnec
Czech: jehnec (obsolete)


-ьce

-ьce (nominative singular)
-ьci (dual nominative)
-ьca (nominative plural)
-ьca (genitive singular)
-ьcu (dual genitive)
-ьcь (genitive plural)
-ьcu (dative singular)
-ьcema (dative dual)
-ьcemъ (dative plural)
-ьce (accusative singular)
-ьci (accusative dual)
-ьca (accusative plural)
-ьcьmь (instrumental singular)
-ьcemь (instrumental singular)
-ьcema (dual instrumental)
-ьci (instrumental plural)
-ьci (locative singular)
-ьcu (dual locative)
-ьcixъ (locative plural)
-ьce (singular vocative)
-ьci (dual vocative)
-ьca (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: -ице (-ice)

Belarusian: -ца (-ca), -цо (-co)

Russian: -це (-ce)

Carpathian Rusyn: -це (-ce)

Ukrainian: -це (-ce)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: -ьце (-ĭce), -ице (-ice) (when attached to roots ending in *-je)

Glagolitic: -ⱐⱌⰵ (-ĭce), -ⰹⱌⰵ (-ice) (when attached to roots ending in *-je)

Bulgarian: -це (-ce)

Macedonian: -це (-ce)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -це

Latin script: -ce

Slovene: -ce

West Slavic:

Old Czech: -ce

Czech: -ce

Kashubian: -ce

Polish: -ce

Slovak: -ce

Slovincian: -icê

Reflects Proto-Indo-European *-ikóm, a neutral counter-part to Proto-Slavic *-ьcь m, Proto-Slavic *-ьca f.

moldę (“cub, baby”) → *moldętьce (“puppy, kitten, little one, etc.”)

město (“city, place, space, room”) → *městьce (“small town, tiny space/room”)

okъno (“window”) → *okъnьce (“small window”)

pero (“feather”) → *perьce (“plumule”)

nebo (“heaven”) → *nebьce (“palate”)

aje (“ovum, egg”) → *ajьce (“egg”)

Denominal, forms diminutives from neutral nouns.

sьrdьce (“heart”)

sъlnьce (“sun”)

Structural formant, without a base noun to synchronically derive from.


nebogъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *nebogъ (hard)

Definite declension of *nebogъ (hard)

nebogъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
neboga (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
nebogo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
neboga (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
nebogy (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
neboga (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
nebogu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
nebodzě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
nebogu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
nebogъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
nebogǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
nebogo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
nebogomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
nebogojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
nebogomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
nebodzě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
nebodzě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
nebodzě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
nebože (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
nebogo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
nebogo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
neboga (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
nebodzě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
nebodzě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
nebogu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
nebogu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
nebogu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
nebogoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
nebogama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
nebogoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
neboga (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
nebodzě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
nebodzě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
nebogoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
nebogama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
nebogoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
nebogu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
nebogu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
nebogu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
neboga (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
nebodzě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
nebodzě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
nebodzi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
nebogy (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
neboga (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
nebogъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
nebogъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
nebogъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
nebogomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
nebogamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
nebogomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
nebogy (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
nebogy (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
neboga (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
nebogy (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
nebogami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
nebogy (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
nebodzěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
nebogaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
nebodzěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
nebodzi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
nebogy (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
neboga (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
nebogъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
nebogaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
nebogoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
nebogajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
nebogyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
nebogajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
nebogujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
nebodzěji (dative definite feminine singular)
nebogujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
nebogъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
nebogǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
nebogoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
nebogyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
nebogǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
nebogyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
nebodzějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
nebodzěji (definite feminine locative singular)
nebodzějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
nebogъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
nebogaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
nebogoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
nebogaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
nebodzěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
nebodzěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
neboguju (definite dual genitive masculine)
neboguju (definite dual feminine genitive)
neboguju (definite dual genitive neuter)
nebogyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
nebogyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
nebogyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
nebogaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
nebodzěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
nebodzěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
nebogyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
nebogyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
nebogyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
neboguju (definite dual locative masculine)
neboguju (definite dual feminine locative)
neboguju (definite dual locative neuter)
nebogaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
nebodzěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
nebodzěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
nebodziji (definite masculine nominative plural)
nebogyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
nebogaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
nebogъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
nebogъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
nebogъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
nebogyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
nebogyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
nebogyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
nebogyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
nebogyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
nebogaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
nebogyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
nebogyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
nebogyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
nebogyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
nebogyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
nebogyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
nebodziji (definite masculine plural vocative)
nebogyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
nebogaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: небо́гий (nebógij)

Ukrainian: не́біж (nébiž)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: небогъ (nebogŭ)

Glagolitic: ⱀⰵⰱⱁⰳⱏ (nebogŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: нѐбог

Latin script: nèbog

Slovene: nebog

West Slavic:

Czech: nebohý

Old Polish: niebog

Polish: niebogi

Slovak: nebohý

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: njabogi

Upper Sorbian: njeboh

Yiddish: נעבעך (nebekh)

English: nebbish

A bahuvrihi compound of *ne (“not”) and an adjective *bogъ (“fortunate”), but which later shifted in meaning to "god". Compare *ubogъ (“poor”).


dolto

dōltò (canonical neuter)
b (accent-paradigm)
dōltò (nominative singular)
dõltě (dual nominative)
dōltà (nominative plural)
dōltà (genitive singular)
dōltù (dual genitive)
dõltъ (genitive plural)
dōltù (dative singular)
dōltòma (dative dual)
dōltòmъ (dative plural)
dōltò (accusative singular)
dõltě (accusative dual)
dōltà (accusative plural)
dōltъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
dōltòmь (instrumental singular)
dōltòma (dual instrumental)
dõlty (instrumental plural)
dōltě̀ (locative singular)
dōltù (dual locative)
dõltěxъ (locative plural)
dōltò (singular vocative)
dõltě (dual vocative)
dōltà (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: длато (dlato) (Russian)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: до́лата (dólata)

Russian: долото́ (dolotó)

Ukrainian: долото́ (dolotó)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: длато́ (dlató)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dláto

Czech: dláto

Old Polish: dłóto

Polish: dłuto

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: dłóto

Slovincian: dwótô

Slovak: dláto

→ Albanian: daltë (possibly)

→ Finnish: taltta

→ Karelian: taltta

→ Romanian: daltă (probably)

→ Veps: talt

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dálbta, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰolbʰ-to-m, from *dʰelbʰ- (“to dig, excavate”). Morphologically an instrument noun from *dьlti (“to hollow, chisel”) + *-to or from *dьlbiti (“to hollow, chisel”).
Cognate with Old Prussian dalptan (“punch, instrument for punching holes”) and Old English delfan (“to dig”).


grobъ

grȍbъ (canonical)
gròbъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
grȍbъ (nominative singular)
grȍba (dual nominative)
grȍbi (nominative plural)
grȍba (genitive singular)
grobù (dual genitive)
gròbъ (genitive plural)
grȍbu (dative singular)
grobomà (dative dual)
grobòmъ (dative plural)
grȍbъ (accusative singular)
grȍba (accusative dual)
grȍby (accusative plural)
grȍbъmь (instrumental singular)
grȍbomь (instrumental singular)
grobomà (dual instrumental)
grobý (instrumental plural)
grȍbě (locative singular)
grobù (dual locative)
grobě̃xъ (locative plural)
grobe (singular vocative)
grȍba (dual vocative)
grȍbi (plural vocative)
b (accent-paradigm)
gròbъ (nominative singular)
grobà (dual nominative)
grobì (nominative plural)
grobà (genitive singular)
grobù (dual genitive)
gròbъ (genitive plural)
grobù (dative singular)
grobòma (dative dual)
grobòmъ (dative plural)
gròbъ (accusative singular)
grobà (accusative dual)
grobỳ (accusative plural)
grobъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
grobòmь (instrumental singular)
grobòma (dual instrumental)
gròby (instrumental plural)
grobě̀ (locative singular)
grobù (dual locative)
gròběxъ (locative plural)
grobe (singular vocative)
grobà (dual vocative)
grobì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: гробъ (grobŭ)
Belarusian: гроб (hrob, “coffin”)
Russian: гроб (grob, “coffin”)
Old Ukrainian: гроб (hrob)
Ukrainian: гріб (hrib)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: гробъ (grobŭ)

Glagolitic: ⰳⱃⱁⰱⱏ (grobŭ)

Bulgarian: гроб (grob)

Macedonian: гроб (grob)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гро̏б

Latin script: grȍb

Slovene: grȍb (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hrob

Czech: hrob

Polish: grób

Silesian: grōb

Slovak: hrob

Slovincian: grób

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: grob

Morphologically from *grebti. From Proto-Indo-European *gʰrobʰos. Cognate with Gothic 𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰 (graba, “ditch, trench”), Old High German grab (“grave”) and English grave.


ubogъ

ubògъ (canonical)
ubogъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
uboga (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
ubogo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
uboga (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
ubogy (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
uboga (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
ubogu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
ubodzě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
ubogu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
ubogъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
ubogǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
ubogo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
ubogomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
ubogojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
ubogomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
ubodzě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
ubodzě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
ubodzě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
ubože (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
ubogo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
ubogo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
uboga (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
ubodzě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
ubodzě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
ubogu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
ubogu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
ubogu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
ubogoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
ubogama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
ubogoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
uboga (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
ubodzě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
ubodzě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
ubogoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
ubogama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
ubogoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
ubogu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
ubogu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
ubogu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
uboga (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
ubodzě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
ubodzě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
ubodzi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
ubogy (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
uboga (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
ubogъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
ubogъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
ubogъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
ubogomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
ubogamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
ubogomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
ubogy (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
ubogy (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
uboga (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
ubogy (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
ubogami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
ubogy (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
ubodzěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
ubogaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
ubodzěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
ubodzi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
ubogy (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
uboga (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
ubogъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
ubogaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
ubogoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
ubogajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
ubogyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
ubogajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
ubogujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
ubodzěji (dative definite feminine singular)
ubogujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
ubogъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
ubogǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
ubogoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
ubogyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
ubogǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
ubogyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
ubodzějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
ubodzěji (definite feminine locative singular)
ubodzějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
ubogъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
ubogaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
ubogoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
ubogaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
ubodzěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
ubodzěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
uboguju (definite dual genitive masculine)
uboguju (definite dual feminine genitive)
uboguju (definite dual genitive neuter)
ubogyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
ubogyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
ubogyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
ubogaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
ubodzěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
ubodzěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
ubogyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
ubogyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
ubogyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
uboguju (definite dual locative masculine)
uboguju (definite dual feminine locative)
uboguju (definite dual locative neuter)
ubogaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
ubodzěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
ubodzěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
ubodziji (definite masculine nominative plural)
ubogyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
ubogaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
ubogъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
ubogъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
ubogъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
ubogyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
ubogyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
ubogyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
ubogyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
ubogyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
ubogaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
ubogyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
ubogyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
ubogyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
ubogyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
ubogyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
ubogyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
ubodziji (definite masculine plural vocative)
ubogyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
ubogaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *ubogъ (hard)

Definite declension of *ubogъ (hard)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: убогъ (ubogŭ)

Belarusian: убо́гі (ubóhi)

Russian: убо́гий (ubógij)

Ukrainian: убо́гий (ubóhyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: оубогъ (ubogŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱆⰱⱁⰳⱏ (ubogŭ)

Bulgarian: убо̀г (ubòg)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: у̏бог

Latin script: ȕbog

Slovene: ubọ̑g (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: ubohý

Czech: ubohý

Old Polish: ubog

Polish: ubogi

Slovak: úbohý

A bahuvrihi compound of *u and an adjective *bogъ (“fortunate”), but which later shifted in meaning to "god". Compare *nebogъ (“poor”).


sluxъ

slȗxъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
slȗxъ (nominative singular)
slȗxa (dual nominative)
slȗśi (nominative plural)
slȗxa (genitive singular)
sluxù (dual genitive)
slũxъ (genitive plural)
slȗxu (dative singular)
sluxomà (dative dual)
sluxòmъ (dative plural)
slȗxъ (accusative singular)
slȗxa (accusative dual)
slȗxy (accusative plural)
slȗxъmь (instrumental singular)
slȗxomь (instrumental singular)
sluxomà (dual instrumental)
sluxý (instrumental plural)
slȗśě (locative singular)
sluxù (dual locative)
sluśě̃xъ (locative plural)
sluše (singular vocative)
slȗxa (dual vocative)
slȗśi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: слухъ (sluxŭ)

Belarusian: слых (slyx)

Russian: слух (slux)

Ukrainian: слух (slux)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: слоухъ (sluxŭ)

Glagolitic: ⱄⰾⱆⱈⱏ (sluxŭ)

Bulgarian: слух (sluh)

Macedonian: слух (sluh)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: слу̑х

Latin script: slȗh

Slovene: slȗh (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sluch

Czech: sluch

Polish: słuch

Old Slovak:

Pannonian Rusyn: слух (slux)

Slovak: sluch

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *klaušás, *ślaušás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to hear”). Cognate with Lithuanian klausa (“hearing”), klausyti (“to hear”), Latvian klausīšanās (“listening”), klausīties (“to listen”).


olnę

olnę (nominative singular)
olnęti (dual nominative)
olnęta (nominative plural)
olnęte (genitive singular)
olnętu (dual genitive)
olnętъ (genitive plural)
olnęti (dative singular)
olnętьma (dative dual)
olnętьmъ (dative plural)
olnę (accusative singular)
olnęti (accusative dual)
olnęta (accusative plural)
olnętьmь (instrumental singular)
olnętьma (dual instrumental)
olnęty (instrumental plural)
olnęte (locative singular)
olnętu (dual locative)
olnętьxъ (locative plural)
olnę (singular vocative)
olnęti (dual vocative)
olnęta (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: ланѧ

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: льня (lĭnja)

Ukrainian: ланя (lanja)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: алне (alne, “young chamois”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ла̏не

Latin script: lȁne

West Slavic:

Czech: lané

Polish: łanię, łaniątko

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: łanjo


-ťi

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: -чи (-či)

Belarusian: -чы (-čy)

Russian: -чь (-čʹ)

Ukrainian: -чи (-čy)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: -щи (-šti)

Glagolitic: -ⱋⰻ (-šti)

Bulgarian: — (infinitive has been lost)

Macedonian: — (infinitive has been lost)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -ћи

Latin script: -ći

Slovene: -či

West Slavic:

Old Czech: -ci

Czech: -ci

Old Polish: -c

Polish: -c

Slovak: -ť

When the stem ended in a velar the cluster *-kt- became palatalized before front vowels during the Common Slavic period which yielded this variant ending: *-kti > *-ḱťi > *-ćťi (?) > *-ťi.

Form of *-ti, used with root-stem verbs ending in *k or *g.


-ti

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: -ти (-ti)

Old Ruthenian: -ти (-ti)

Belarusian: -ць (-cʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: -ти (-ty)

Ukrainian: -ти (-ty), -ть (-tʹ)

Russian: -ть (-tʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: -ти (-ti)

Glagolitic script: -ⱅⰹ (-ti)

Bulgarian: — (infinitive has been lost)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -ти

Latin script: -ti

Slovene: -ti

West Slavic:

Old Czech: -ti

Czech: -t; -ti (dialectal)

Kashubian: -c

Old Polish: -ć

Polish: -ć

Slovak: -ť

Slovincian: -c

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: -ś

Upper Sorbian: -ć

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-tei, from the dialectal Proto-Indo-European *-tey, the dative or locative singular of *-tis (as opposed to the regular dative *-tey-ey, with a suffix *-tey- in e-grade and the dative singular ending *-ey).
E.g. Late Proto-Slavic *dàti (“to give”) < Early Proto-Slavic *dā́ˀtei < Proto-Balto-Slavic *dṓˀtei < earlier *deh₃téy < Proto-Indo-European *dh₃téy (and not *deh₃tey-ey), nominative *déh₃tis, from the root *deh₃-.

The ending of the infinitive. Not productive by itself; new verbs were created with a variety of stem-forming suffixes before the ending.

-ťi

palatalized form when the infinitive stem ends in velar consonant


rusъ

Indefinite declension of *rusъ (hard)

Definite declension of *rusъ (hard)

rusъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
rusa (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
ruso (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
rusa (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
rusy (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
rusa (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
rusu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
rusě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
rusu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
rusъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
rusǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
ruso (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
rusomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
rusojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
rusomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
rusě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
rusě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
rusě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
ruse (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
ruso (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
ruso (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
rusa (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
rusě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
rusě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
rusu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
rusu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
rusu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
rusoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
rusama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
rusoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
rusa (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
rusě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
rusě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
rusoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
rusama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
rusoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
rusu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
rusu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
rusu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
rusa (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
rusě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
rusě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
rusi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
rusy (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
rusa (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
rusъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
rusъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
rusъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
rusomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
rusamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
rusomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
rusy (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
rusy (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
rusa (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
rusy (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
rusami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
rusy (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
rusěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
rusaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
rusěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
rusi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
rusy (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
rusa (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
rusъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
rusaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
rusoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
rusajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
rusyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
rusajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
rusujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
rusěji (dative definite feminine singular)
rusujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
rusъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
rusǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
rusoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
rusyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
rusǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
rusyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
rusějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
rusěji (definite feminine locative singular)
rusějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
rusъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
rusaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
rusoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
rusaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
rusěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
rusěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
rusuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
rusuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
rusuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
rusyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
rusyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
rusyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
rusaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
rusěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
rusěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
rusyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
rusyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
rusyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
rusuju (definite dual locative masculine)
rusuju (definite dual feminine locative)
rusuju (definite dual locative neuter)
rusaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
rusěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
rusěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
rusiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
rusyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
rusaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
rusъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
rusъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
rusъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
rusyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
rusyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
rusyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
rusyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
rusyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
rusaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
rusyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
rusyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
rusyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
rusyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
rusyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
rusyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
rusiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
rusyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
rusaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: русъ (rusŭ) (Serbian)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: русъ (rusŭ)

Belarusian: ру́сы (rúsy)

Russian: ру́сый (rúsyj)

Ukrainian: ру́сий (rúsyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: роусъ (rusŭ)

Glagolitic: ⱃⱆⱄⱏ (rusŭ)

Bulgarian: рус (rus)

Macedonian: рус (rus)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ру̏с

Latin script: rȕs

Slovene: rȗs

West Slavic:

Czech: rusý (literary), rysý (obsolete)

Polish: rusy

Slovak: rusý

From earlier *rudsъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *raudsas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰ-s-o-, from *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”). Morphologically *rud- + *-sъ.
Compare Baltic:
Lithuanian raũsvas, rùsvas, rusė́ti, ruslės,
Latvian rusls, rûsa.
Compare Indo-European:
Latin russus.


olni

òlni (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
òlni (nominative singular)
olnьji (dual nominative)
olnьję̇ (nominative plural)
olnьję̇ (genitive singular)
olnьju (dual genitive)
olnьjь (genitive plural)
olnьjī (dative singular)
olnьjama (dative dual)
olnьjāmъ (dative plural)
olnьjǫ (accusative singular)
olnьji (accusative dual)
olnьję̇ (accusative plural)
olnьjējǫ (instrumental singular)
olnьjǭ (instrumental singular)
olnьjama (dual instrumental)
olnьjāmī (instrumental plural)
olnьjī (locative singular)
olnьju (dual locative)
olnьjāsъ (locative plural)
olnьje (singular vocative)
olnьji (dual vocative)
olnьję̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: ланиꙗ (lanija), ланьꙗ (lanĭja), лании (lanii), лань (lanĭ), алъниꙗ (alŭnija)

Belarusian: лань (lanʹ)

Russian: лань (lanʹ)

Ukrainian: лань (lanʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: алънии (alŭnii)

Glagolitic script: ⰰⰾⱏⱀⰻⰻ (alŭnii)

Slovene: lanjec

West Slavic:

Old Czech: laní

Czech: laň

Old Polish: łani

Polish: łania

Slovak: laň

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *alˀnīˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁olHnih₂.
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian élnis (“deer”), álnis (“deer”), élnias (“deer”), élnė (“doe”), álnė (“doe”), Latvian alnis (“elk”) and Old Prussian alne (“deer?”).
Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek ἑλλός (hellós, “deer-calf”), ἔλαφος (élaphos, “deer”), Old Armenian եղն (ełn) and Middle Irish ailit (“doe, hind”).
From the e-grade of the same Indo-European root also *elenь (“deer”), and from a different extension also *olsь (“elk”).


olni

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: лони (loni)

Belarusian: ла́ні (láni) (dialectal)

Russian: лони́ (loní), ло́не (lóne) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: лони (lony), влони (vlony) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: лани (lani)

Bulgarian: ла́ни (láni), ла́нье (lánje) (archaic, poetic)

desc

⇒ Bulgarian: вла́ни (vláni, “in last year”), дола́ни (doláni, “until last year”), пола́ни (poláni, “two years ago”)

Macedonian: лани (lani)

⇒ Macedonian: полани (polani, “two years ago”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ла̑ни, ла́не

Latin script: lȃni, láne

Slovene: láni

West Slavic:

Old Czech: loni, lóni

Czech: loni, vloni; (dialectal) lůni

Kashubian: łoni

Old Polish: łoni
Polish: łoni

Slovak: lani, vlaňí

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: loni (dialectal)

Upper Sorbian: loni (dialectal)

Relic locative case of Proto-Indo-European *h₂ól-h₁n- (“that, previous time”) (< *h₂el- (“alien, other”)), cognate with Latin ōlim (“at that time”). Suffix perhaps identical with n-extension of Lithuanian pérnai (“last year”), Latvian pērn (“last time”), Proto-Germanic *fernaz (“recent, previous”). According to some interpretations, may be a 0-grade of the root that has yielded Ancient Greek ἕνος (hénos, “former time”).


cěsta

cě̀sta (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
cě̀sta (nominative singular)
cě̀stě (dual nominative)
cě̀sty (nominative plural)
cě̀sty (genitive singular)
cě̀stu (dual genitive)
cě̀stъ (genitive plural)
cě̀stě (dative singular)
cě̀stama (dative dual)
cě̀stamъ (dative plural)
cě̀stǫ (accusative singular)
cě̀stě (accusative dual)
cě̀sty (accusative plural)
cě̀stojǫ (instrumental singular)
cě̀stǭ (instrumental singular)
cě̀stama (dual instrumental)
cě̀stamī (instrumental plural)
cě̀stě (locative singular)
cě̀stu (dual locative)
cě̀stasъ (locative plural)
cě̀staxъ (locative plural)
cě̀sto (singular vocative)
cě̀stě (dual vocative)
cě̀sty (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: цѣста (cěsta)

Glagolitic script: ⱌⱑⱄⱅⰰ (cěsta)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: цѐста

Latin script: cèsta

Slovene: cẹ́sta (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: cěsta, ciesta

Czech: cesta

Slovak: cesta

Most likely akin to *cěstiti (“to clean”) + *-a. Possibly an old calque of Latin strāta (“paved road”) or Ancient Greek πλατεῖα (plateîa, “street”), which according to Skok explains its limited distribution. According to Derksen, the best etymology is by Zubatý 1894 who connects it with Lithuanian káišti (“to scrape”), Proto-Indo-Iranian *káyćas (“curl of hair”) from Proto-Indo-European *keyḱ- (“to snap”), with "road" being a "worn path" or "flattened/cleared path"; compare Latin via trita (“beaten path, safe path”) and Polish utarta droga.
Alternatively, from pre-Slavic *cětta/*cědta related to Proto-Germanic *haiþī (“heath, wasteland”), Proto-Brythonic *koɨd (“forest”) from Proto-Indo-European *(s)keyt- (“to cleanse, to cut”) or to Latin scissus (“cut, split”), Ancient Greek σχῐστός (skhistós, “cloven, dissected”) from Proto-Indo-European *(s)keyd- (“to split, to cleave”).


luditi

luďenьje (noun-from-verb)
luditi (infinitive)
luditъ (supine)
ludilъ (l-participle)
luďenъ (participle passive past)
ludimъ (participle passive present)
luďь (active participle past)
ludę (active participle present)
ludixъ (aorist first-person singular)
ludi (aorist second-person singular)
ludi (aorist singular third-person)
luďǫ (first-person present singular)
ludiši (present second-person singular)
luditь (present singular third-person)
ludixově (aorist dual first-person)
ludista (aorist dual second-person)
ludiste (aorist dual third-person)
ludivě (dual first-person present)
ludita (dual present second-person)
ludite (dual present third-person)
ludixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
ludiste (aorist plural second-person)
ludišę (aorist plural third-person)
ludimъ (first-person plural present)
ludite (plural present second-person)
ludętь (plural present third-person)
luďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
luďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
luďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
ludi (imperative second-person singular)
ludi (imperative singular third-person)
luďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
luďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
luďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
ludivě (dual first-person imperative)
ludita (dual imperative second-person)
luďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
luďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
luďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
ludimъ (first-person imperative plural)
ludite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

Belarusian: лудзи́ць (ludzícʹ) (dialectal)

Russian: луди́ть (ludítʹ) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: луди́ти (ludýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Church Slavonic: лоудити (luditi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: лу́дити

Latin script: lúditi

Slovene: lúditi

West Slavic:

Old Czech: lúditi

Czech: loudit

Old Polish: łudzić

Polish: łudzić

Slovak: lúdiť


zvǫkъ

zvǫkъ (nominative singular)
zvǫka (dual nominative)
zvǫci (nominative plural)
zvǫka (genitive singular)
zvǫku (dual genitive)
zvǫkъ (genitive plural)
zvǫku (dative singular)
zvǫkoma (dative dual)
zvǫkomъ (dative plural)
zvǫkъ (accusative singular)
zvǫka (accusative dual)
zvǫky (accusative plural)
zvǫkъmь (instrumental singular)
zvǫkomь (instrumental singular)
zvǫkoma (dual instrumental)
zvǫky (instrumental plural)
zvǫcě (locative singular)
zvǫku (dual locative)
zvǫcěxъ (locative plural)
zvǫče (singular vocative)
zvǫka (dual vocative)
zvǫci (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: звукъ (zvukŭ) (Russian)

East Slavic:

Russian: звук (zvuk)

Carpathian Rusyn: звук (zvuk)

Ukrainian: звук (zvuk)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: звук (zvuk)

Macedonian: звук (zvuk)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: зву̑к

Latin script: zvȗk

Slovene: zvọ̑k (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: zvuk

Czech: zvuk

Slovak: zvuk

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: zuk

Upper Sorbian: zuk


tъlmačь

tъlmáčь (canonical masculine)
tъlmačь (nominative singular)
tъlmača (dual nominative)
tъlmači (nominative plural)
tъlmača (genitive singular)
tъlmaču (dual genitive)
tъlmačь (genitive plural)
tъlmaču (dative singular)
tъlmačema (dative dual)
tъlmačemъ (dative plural)
tъlmačь (accusative singular)
tъlmača (accusative dual)
tъlmačę̇ (accusative plural)
tъlmačьmь (instrumental singular)
tъlmačemь (instrumental singular)
tъlmačema (dual instrumental)
tъlmači (instrumental plural)
tъlmači (locative singular)
tъlmaču (dual locative)
tъlmačixъ (locative plural)
tъlmaču (singular vocative)
tъlmača (dual vocative)
tъlmači (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: тълмачь (tŭlmačĭ)

Russian: толма́ч (tolmáč)

Ukrainian: товма́ч (tovmáč)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: тълма́ч (tǎlmáč) (archaic)

Macedonian: то́лмач (tólmač) (archaic)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ту̀ма̄ч

Latin script: tùmāč

Slovene: tolmáč (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: tlmač

Czech: tlumač (archaic)

Bohemian (Chod dialect): tulmač

Kashubian: tołmôcz, tłómôcz

Polish: tłumacz

→ Belarusian: тлума́ч (tlumáč)

→ Ukrainian: тлума́ч (tlumáč)

Slovak: tlmač (obsolete)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: tołmač

Non-Slavic languages:

→ Hungarian: tolmács

→ Northern Mansi: толмась (tolmasʹ)

→ Middle High German: tolmetsche

German: Dolmetsch, Dolmetscher

Luxembourgish: Dolmetscher

→ Romanian: tălmaci

Of Turkic origin, ultimately from Proto-Turkic *tilmač (“interpreter”), from Proto-Turkic *til (“tongue”). Cognate with Turkish dilmaç, Kazakh тілмаш (tılmaş), Uzbek tilmoch.


buky

bùky (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
bùky (nominative singular)
bùkъvi (dual nominative)
bùkъvi (nominative plural)
bùkъve (genitive singular)
bùkъvu (dual genitive)
bùkъvъ (genitive plural)
bùkъvi (dative singular)
bùkъvьma (dative dual)
bùkъvama (dative dual)
bùkъvьmъ (dative plural)
bùkъvamъ (dative plural)
bùkъvь (accusative singular)
bùkъvi (accusative dual)
bùkъvi (accusative plural)
bùkъvьjǫ (instrumental singular)
bùkъvľǭ (instrumental singular)
bùkъvьma (dual instrumental)
bùkъvama (dual instrumental)
bùkъvьmī (instrumental plural)
bùkъvamī (instrumental plural)
bùkъve (locative singular)
bùkъvu (dual locative)
bùkъvьxъ (locative plural)
bùkъvaxъ (locative plural)
bùky (singular vocative)
bùkъvi (dual vocative)
bùkъvi (plural vocative)

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: бꙋкꙑ (buky), бꙋкъвь (bukŭvĭ), бꙋкъва (bukŭva)

Russian: бу́ква (búkva), бу́ки (búki)

→ Ingrian: bukva

→ Polish: bukwa

→ Skolt Sami: bukva

Carpathian Rusyn: бу́ква (búkva)

Ukrainian: бу́ква (búkva)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: боукꙑ (buky)

Glagolitic: ⰱⱆⰽⱏⰺ (buky)

Bulgarian: бу́ква (búkva)

Macedonian: буква (bukva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бу̏ква

Latin script: bȕkva

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: bȗkəv, bȗkva (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: bukev

Czech: bukva, bukev

Polabian: bükvoi

Old Polish: bukiew

Polish: bukiew

Slovak: bukev

Slovincian: búkwa

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: bukow

Of Germanic origin, with two proposed sources of borrowing:
* For meaning beech: From Proto-West Germanic *bōku (“beech”), formally equivalent to *bukъ (“beech”) + *-y.
* For meaning books, writs: From Gothic 𐌱𐍉𐌺𐍉𐍃 pl (bōkōs, “books”) (per Vasmer, Trubachev).
Interrelation between the two meanings is now widely considered uncertain (or even dismissed entirely, e.g. by Kluge/Seebold), mainly because there is no surviving evidence for beech-based writing among early Germanic and Balto-Slavic peoples. It is possible (as noted by Mallory and Adams) that beech had religious significance for ancient Indo-European people and so was used to inscribe sacred symbols onto. In this case, the extended meaning writ, sign would be directly borrowed from Germanic. A third hypothesis speculates that beechmast was used for counting and bookkeeping, whence the word innately developed a sense of “unit of data representation” → grapheme, writ.

(by extension) writ, grapheme, written sign → letter

(by extension, in the plural) books (corpus of written inscriptions)


lučь

lũčь (canonical feminine)
b (accent-paradigm)
lũčь (nominative singular)
lūčì (dual nominative)
lūčì (nominative plural)
lũči (genitive singular)
lũčьju (dual genitive)
lūčь̀jь (genitive plural)
lūčì (dative singular)
lũčьma (dative dual)
lūčь̀mъ (dative plural)
lũčь (accusative singular)
lūčì (accusative dual)
lūčì (accusative plural)
lũčьjǫ (instrumental singular)
lũčьma (dual instrumental)
lũčьmī (instrumental plural)
lũči (locative singular)
lũčьju (dual locative)
lūčь̀xъ (locative plural)
luči (singular vocative)
lūčì (dual vocative)
lūčì (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: лучь (lučĭ) (Russian)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: лучь (lučĭ)

Belarusian: луч (luč)

Russian: луч (luč)

Ukrainian: луч (luč)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: лучь (lučĭ), лоуча (luča)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: луч (luč), лъч (lǎč)

Macedonian: лач (lač)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: лу̑ч

Latin script: lȗč

Slovene: lūč (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: lúč

Czech: louč

Polish: łucz, łuczywo

Slovak: lúč

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *laukis, from Proto-Indo-European *lowkis, from *lewk- (“white; light; bright”).
Cognates include Old Prussian luckis (“torch, log”), Proto-Germanic *laugiz (“flame”).


obrusъ

obrusъ (nominative singular)
obrusa (dual nominative)
obrusi (nominative plural)
obrusa (genitive singular)
obrusu (dual genitive)
obrusъ (genitive plural)
obrusu (dative singular)
obrusoma (dative dual)
obrusomъ (dative plural)
obrusъ (accusative singular)
obrusa (accusative dual)
obrusy (accusative plural)
obrusъmь (instrumental singular)
obrusomь (instrumental singular)
obrusoma (dual instrumental)
obrusy (instrumental plural)
obrusě (locative singular)
obrusu (dual locative)
obrusěxъ (locative plural)
obruse (singular vocative)
obrusa (dual vocative)
obrusi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: обрусъ (obrusŭ)

desc

Old Ruthenian: обрусъ (obrus), обрюсъ (obrjus)

Belarusian: абру́с (abrús)

Ukrainian: обру́с (obrús), о́брус (óbrus)

Russian: обру́с (obrús) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: обрус (obrus)

Serbo-Croatian: обру̀с

Slovene: obrús

West Slavic:

Czech: ubrus

Polish: obrus

Slovak: obrus

Non-Slavic:

Hungarian: abrosz


kurьcь

kurьcь (nominative singular)
kurьca (dual nominative)
kurьci (nominative plural)
kurьca (genitive singular)
kurьcu (dual genitive)
kurьcь (genitive plural)
kurьcu (dative singular)
kurьcema (dative dual)
kurьcemъ (dative plural)
kurьcь (accusative singular)
kurьca (accusative dual)
kurьcę̇ (accusative plural)
kurьcьmь (instrumental singular)
kurьcemь (instrumental singular)
kurьcema (dual instrumental)
kurьci (instrumental plural)
kurьci (locative singular)
kurьcu (dual locative)
kurьcixъ (locative plural)
kurьče (singular vocative)
kurьca (dual vocative)
kurьci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: курецъ (kurecŭ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Bulgarian: ку́рец (kúrec)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ку̏рац

Latin script: kȕrac

Slovene: kȗrəc (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: kurec

Kashubian: kùrc

Polish: kurzec, kurzak


kurьcь

East Slavic:

Belarusian: курэц (kurec)

Russian: куре́ц (kuréc)

Ukrainian: курець (kurecʹ)

South Slavic: —

West Slavic:

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kurc


babonъ

babonъ (nominative singular)
babona (dual nominative)
baboni (nominative plural)
babona (genitive singular)
babonu (dual genitive)
babonъ (genitive plural)
babonu (dative singular)
babonoma (dative dual)
babonomъ (dative plural)
babonъ (accusative singular)
babona (accusative dual)
babony (accusative plural)
babonъmь (instrumental singular)
babonomь (instrumental singular)
babonoma (dual instrumental)
babony (instrumental plural)
baboně (locative singular)
babonu (dual locative)
baboněxъ (locative plural)
babone (singular vocative)
babona (dual vocative)
baboni (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: бабуны (babuny) (Russian), бабуни (babuni) (Serbian)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: бабу́ни pl (babúni), бабу́ны pl (babúny)

Ukrainian: бабо́ни (babóny) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Macedonian: бабун (babun)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ба̀буна

Latin script: bàbuna

West Slavic:

Czech: baboněk

Kashubian: zababón, babóna

Polish: zabobon

Slovak: babona, bobona

Other:

Hungarian: babona


ogarь

ogarь (nominative singular)
ogari (dual nominative)
ogarьje (nominative plural)
ogari (genitive singular)
ogarьju (dual genitive)
ogarьjь (genitive plural)
ogari (dative singular)
ogarьma (dative dual)
ogarьmъ (dative plural)
ogarь (accusative singular)
ogari (accusative dual)
ogari (accusative plural)
ogarьmь (instrumental singular)
ogarьma (dual instrumental)
ogarьmi (instrumental plural)
ogari (locative singular)
ogarьju (dual locative)
ogarьxъ (locative plural)
ogari (singular vocative)
ogari (dual vocative)
ogarьje (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: огаръ (ogarŭ) (Serbian/Croatian)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: огаръ (ogarŭ, “kind of a ship”) (possibly)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: огарь (ogarĭ)

Glagolitic: ⱁⰳⰰⱃⱐ (ogarĭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̏гар

Latin script: ȍgar

Slovene: ogar

West Slavic:

Czech: ohař

Kashubian: ògarz

Polish: ogar

Slovak: ohar

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: hogoŕ

→ Old Hungarian: agar

Hungarian: agár

Possibly from a Turkic language, ultimately from Proto-Turkic *eker (“hunting dog”). Compare Southern Altai (Teleut dialect) [script needed] (eŋer, “hunting dog”), Chuvash акар (ak̬ar, “greyhound”) and Ossetian егар (egar, “greyhound”), also from Turkic.


čistъ

čìstъ (canonical)
a (accent-paradigm)
čìstъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
čìsta (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
čìsto (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
čìsta (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
čìsty (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
čìsta (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
čìstu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
čìstě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
čìstu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
čìstъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
čìstǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
čìsto (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
čìstomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
čìstojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
čìstomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
čìstě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
čìstě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
čìstě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
čìste (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
čìsto (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
čìsto (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
čìsta (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
čìstě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
čìstě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
čìstu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
čìstu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
čìstu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
čìstoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
čìstama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
čìstoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
čìsta (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
čìstě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
čìstě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
čìstoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
čìstama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
čìstoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
čìstu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
čìstu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
čìstu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
čìsta (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
čìstě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
čìstě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
čìsti (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
čìsty (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
čìsta (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
čìstъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
čìstъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
čìstъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
čìstomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
čìstamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
čìstomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
čìsty (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
čìsty (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
čìsta (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
čìsty (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
čìstami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
čìsty (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
čìstěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
čìstaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
čìstěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
čìsti (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
čìsty (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
čìsta (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
a (accent-paradigm)
čìstъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
čìstaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
čìstoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
čìstajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
čìstyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
čìstajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
čìstujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
čìstěji (dative definite feminine singular)
čìstujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
čìstъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
čìstǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
čìstoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
čìstyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
čìstǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
čìstyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
čìstějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
čìstěji (definite feminine locative singular)
čìstějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
čìstъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
čìstaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
čìstoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
čìstaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
čìstěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
čìstěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
čìstuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
čìstuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
čìstuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
čìstyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
čìstyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
čìstyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
čìstaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
čìstěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
čìstěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
čìstyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
čìstyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
čìstyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
čìstuju (definite dual locative masculine)
čìstuju (definite dual feminine locative)
čìstuju (definite dual locative neuter)
čìstaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
čìstěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
čìstěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
čìstiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
čìstyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
čìstaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
čìstъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
čìstъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
čìstъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
čìstyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
čìstyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
čìstyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
čìstyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
čìstyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
čìstaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
čìstyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
čìstyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
čìstyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
čìstyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
čìstyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
čìstyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
čìstiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
čìstyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
čìstaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *čistъ (hard, accent paradigm a)

Definite declension of *čistъ (hard, accent paradigm a)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: чистъ (čistŭ)

Belarusian: чы́сты (čýsty)

Russian: чи́стый (čístyj)

Carpathian Rusyn: чы́стий (čŷ́styj)

Ukrainian: чи́стий (čýstyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: чистъ (čistŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱍⰻⱄⱅⱏ (čistŭ)

Bulgarian: чист (čist)

Macedonian: чист (čist)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: чи̏ст

Latin script: čȉst

Slovene: čȋst (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: czësti

Old Czech: čistý

Czech: čistý

Polabian: caist, caistĕ

Polish: czysty

Silesian: czisty

Slovak: čistý

Slovincian: czisty

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: čisty

Lower Sorbian: cysty

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: tiszta

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *skīstas, *skaistas, from Proto-Indo-European *skidtos (by Winter's law), *skoydtos, from *(s)keyd-.
Cognate with Lithuanian skýstas (“thin”) and/or skáistas (“beautiful, pretty”), Latvian šķîsts (“thin, clear, clean”) and Old Prussian skijstan (“pure”).

čistъ [otъ] (with genitive)

do čista

čista voda

clear, transparent, uncontaminated water

čisto nebo

čisto zolto

čisto sьrebro

čista pravьda

čisto sьrdьce

čisto polje

čistъ pǫtь


obrazъ

obra̋zъ (canonical masculine)
obrazъ (nominative singular)
obraza (dual nominative)
obrazi (nominative plural)
obraza (genitive singular)
obrazu (dual genitive)
obrazъ (genitive plural)
obrazu (dative singular)
obrazoma (dative dual)
obrazomъ (dative plural)
obrazъ (accusative singular)
obraza (accusative dual)
obrazy (accusative plural)
obrazъmь (instrumental singular)
obrazomь (instrumental singular)
obrazoma (dual instrumental)
obrazy (instrumental plural)
obrazě (locative singular)
obrazu (dual locative)
obrazěxъ (locative plural)
obraze (singular vocative)
obraza (dual vocative)
obrazi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: образъ (obrazŭ)

Belarusian: во́браз (vóbraz), Belarusian: абра́з (abráz)

Russian: о́браз (óbraz)

Ukrainian: о́браз (óbraz)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: образъ (obrazŭ)

Glagolitic: ⱁⰱⱃⰰⰸⱏ (obrazŭ)

Bulgarian: о́браз (óbraz)

Macedonian: о́браз (óbraz)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̀браз

Latin script: òbraz

Slovene: obrȁz (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: obraz
Czech: obraz

desctree

Old Polish: obraz
Polish: obraz
Silesian: ôbrŏz

Old Slovak: obraz
Slovak: obraz

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: òbrôz

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wobraz

Lower Sorbian: wobraz, hobraz

Other:

Old Hungarian: abráz

Hungarian: ábráz

Romanian: obraz / образ (obraz)

Vilamovian: obros

Deverbal from *obraziti (ESSJa), or as *ob- + *razъ (Vasmer)


božurъ

božurъ (nominative singular)
božura (dual nominative)
božuri (nominative plural)
božura (genitive singular)
božuru (dual genitive)
božurъ (genitive plural)
božuru (dative singular)
božuroma (dative dual)
božuromъ (dative plural)
božurъ (accusative singular)
božura (accusative dual)
božury (accusative plural)
božurъmь (instrumental singular)
božuromь (instrumental singular)
božuroma (dual instrumental)
božury (instrumental plural)
božurě (locative singular)
božuru (dual locative)
božurěxъ (locative plural)
božure (singular vocative)
božura (dual vocative)
božuri (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: божур (božur)

Macedonian: бо́жур (bóžur)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бо̀жӯр

Latin script: bòžūr

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: božúr, božȗr (tonal orthography)

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: bozhure

→ Old Hungarian: bazsár

Hungarian: bazsarózsa

→ Romanian: bujor

From *bogъ (“god”) + *urъ. Interestingly, the word peony also includes a divine notion. Compare Ancient Greek Παιών (Paiṓn, “Paean, the physician of the gods”), related to παιών (paiṓn, “a physician”), from which the word peony is derived.

m+

(South Slavic) peony, Paeonia officinalis


okъno

okъnò (canonical neuter)
b (accent-paradigm)
okъnò (nominative singular)
okъ̀ně (dual nominative)
okъnà (nominative plural)
okъnà (genitive singular)
okъnù (dual genitive)
okъ̀nъ (genitive plural)
okъnù (dative singular)
okъnòma (dative dual)
okъnòmъ (dative plural)
okъnò (accusative singular)
okъ̀ně (accusative dual)
okъnà (accusative plural)
okъnъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
okъnòmь (instrumental singular)
okъnòma (dual instrumental)
okъ̀ny (instrumental plural)
okъně̀ (locative singular)
okъnù (dual locative)
okъ̀něxъ (locative plural)
okъnò (singular vocative)
okъ̀ně (dual vocative)
okъnà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: окъно (okŭno), окно (okno)
Old Ruthenian: окно́ (oknó), вокно́ (voknó)
Belarusian: акно́ (aknó), вакно́ (vaknó)
Carpathian Rusyn: окно́ (oknó)
Ukrainian: вікно́ (viknó)
Russian: окно́ (oknó)
→ Estonian: aken
→ Finnish: akkuna, ikkuna
→ Ingrian: ikkuna
→ Karelian: ikkuna
→ Kildin Sami: эһкан (ehkan)
→ Livvi: ikkun
→ Ludian: ikkun
→ Udmurt: укно (ukno)
→ Votic: akkunõ

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: окно (okno) (Russian)

Bulgarian: окно́ (oknó) (dated), о́кно (ókno) (dated)

Macedonian: окно (okno)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̀кно

Latin script: òkno

Slovene: ókno (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: okno
Czech: okno

Old Polish: okno
Polish: okno
Silesian: ôkno

Old Slovak: okno
Slovak: okno

Polabian: våknü

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: òkno

Slovincian: wôknô

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: hokno, wokno

Upper Sorbian: wokno

Other:

→ Hungarian: akna

→ Romanian: ocnă

*oko (“eye”) + *-ъno. Early Proto-Slavic form *akuna has been clearly preserved in Finnish and Votic akkuna.
For semantic parallels, compare Old English ēagþȳrel (“window”, literally “eye-hole”) and Old Norse vindauga (“window”, literally “wind-eye”) (whence also modern English window).


krajь

kràjь (canonical masculine)
a (accent-paradigm)
kràjь (nominative singular)
kràja (dual nominative)
kràji (nominative plural)
kràja (genitive singular)
kràju (dual genitive)
kràjь (genitive plural)
kràju (dative singular)
kràjema (dative dual)
kràjēmъ (dative plural)
kràjь (accusative singular)
kràja (accusative dual)
kràję̇ (accusative plural)
kràjьmь (instrumental singular)
kràjemь (instrumental singular)
kràjema (dual instrumental)
kràjī (instrumental plural)
kràji (locative singular)
kràju (dual locative)
kràjīxъ (locative plural)
kràju (singular vocative)
kràja (dual vocative)
kràji (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: краи (krai)

Belarusian: край (kraj)

Russian: край (kraj)

Carpathian Rusyn: край (kraj)

Ukrainian: край (kraj)

→ Finnic:

Estonian: raja

Finnish: raja

Ingrian: raja

Karelian: raja

Ludian: raja

Votic: raja

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: краи (krai)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: край (kraj)

Macedonian: крај (kraj)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кра̑ј

Latin script: krȃj

Slovene: krȁj (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kraj
Czech: kraj

desctree

Old Polish: kraj
Polish: kraj
Silesian: kraj

Slovak: kraj

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: krôj

Slovincian: krôj

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kraj
→ Lower Sorbian: kraj

Lower Sorbian: kšaj

→ Albanian: krah (possibly)

* ESSJa: from *krojiti (“to cut”), with lengthening of the root vowel (Proto-Balto-Slavic *krāˀjаs and *krajīˀtei, respectively). Compare *tvarь f : *tvoriti, *gajь m : *gojiti.
* Derksen: from Proto-Indo-European *kroh₁(y)-, full-grade of the root *kreh₁(y)- (“to sieve, separate”), *krey- (“sieve”).


bьrdo

bьrdo (nominative singular)
bьrdě (dual nominative)
bьrda (nominative plural)
bьrda (genitive singular)
bьrdu (dual genitive)
bьrdъ (genitive plural)
bьrdu (dative singular)
bьrdoma (dative dual)
bьrdomъ (dative plural)
bьrdo (accusative singular)
bьrdě (accusative dual)
bьrda (accusative plural)
bьrdъmь (instrumental singular)
bьrdomь (instrumental singular)
bьrdoma (dual instrumental)
bьrdy (instrumental plural)
bьrdě (locative singular)
bьrdu (dual locative)
bьrděxъ (locative plural)
bьrdo (singular vocative)
bьrdě (dual vocative)
bьrda (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: бердо (berdo)

Belarusian: бёрда (bjórda)

Russian: бёрдо (bjórdo)

Ukrainian: бе́рдо (bérdo)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бъ́рдо (bǎ́rdo)

Macedonian: брдо (brdo), бердо (berdo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бр̏до

Latin script: bȑdo

Slovene: bŕdo (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: brdo

Polabian: b́ordü

Old Polish: bardo
Polish: bardo, Bardo

Slovak: brdo

Pomeranian:

Slovincian: bjardô

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: bardo

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: borda

from earlier *birda:

→ Estonian: piird

→ Finnish: pirta

→ Ingrian: pirta

→ Karelian: pirta

→ Livvi: pirdu

→ Ludian: bird

→ Veps: bird

→ Votic: pirtõ

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰerh₃- (“to hit with a sharp instrument”) + *-do, whence also *boriti sę (“to fight”), and probably *borzda (“furrow”).
Cognate with Latvian birds (“loom”).
Usually compared with Germanic *burdą (“board, plank; table”), as if both from Proto-Indo-European *bʰr̥h₃dʰo-.

der

(by extension, South Slavic) hill, mountain


zvękъ

zvękъ (nominative singular)
zvęka (dual nominative)
zvęci (nominative plural)
zvęka (genitive singular)
zvęku (dual genitive)
zvękъ (genitive plural)
zvęku (dative singular)
zvękoma (dative dual)
zvękomъ (dative plural)
zvękъ (accusative singular)
zvęka (accusative dual)
zvęky (accusative plural)
zvękъmь (instrumental singular)
zvękomь (instrumental singular)
zvękoma (dual instrumental)
zvęky (instrumental plural)
zvęcě (locative singular)
zvęku (dual locative)
zvęcěxъ (locative plural)
zvęče (singular vocative)
zvęka (dual vocative)
zvęci (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: звѧкъ (Serbian)

East Slavic:

Russian: звяк (zvjak)

Ukrainian: жвяк (žvjak)

South Slavic:

desc

Macedonian: ѕвек (dzvek), ѕвекот (dzvekot)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: зве̑к

Latin script: zvȇk

West Slavic:

Kashubian: zwãk

Old Czech: zvek

desctree

Old Polish: dźwięk
Polish: dźwięk
Silesian: źwiynk


modrъ

mòdrъ (canonical)
modrъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
modra (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
modro (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
modra (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
modry (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
modra (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
modru (dative indefinite masculine singular)
modrě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
modru (dative indefinite neuter singular)
modrъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
modrǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
modro (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
modromь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
modrojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
modromь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
modrě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
modrě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
modrě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
modre (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
modro (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
modro (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
modra (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
modrě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
modrě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
modru (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
modru (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
modru (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
modroma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
modrama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
modroma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
modra (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
modrě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
modrě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
modroma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
modrama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
modroma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
modru (dual indefinite locative masculine)
modru (dual feminine indefinite locative)
modru (dual indefinite locative neuter)
modra (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
modrě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
modrě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
modri (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
modry (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
modra (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
modrъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
modrъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
modrъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
modromъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
modramъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
modromъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
modry (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
modry (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
modra (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
modry (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
modrami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
modry (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
modrěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
modraxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
modrěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
modri (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
modry (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
modra (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
modrъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
modraja (definite feminine nominative singular)
modroje (definite neuter nominative singular)
modrajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
modryję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
modrajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
modrujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
modrěji (dative definite feminine singular)
modrujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
modrъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
modrǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
modroje (accusative definite neuter singular)
modryjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
modrǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
modryjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
modrějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
modrěji (definite feminine locative singular)
modrějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
modrъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
modraja (definite feminine singular vocative)
modroje (definite neuter singular vocative)
modraja (definite dual masculine nominative)
modrěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
modrěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
modruju (definite dual genitive masculine)
modruju (definite dual feminine genitive)
modruju (definite dual genitive neuter)
modryjima (dative definite dual masculine)
modryjima (dative definite dual feminine)
modryjima (dative definite dual neuter)
modraja (accusative definite dual masculine)
modrěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
modrěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
modryjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
modryjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
modryjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
modruju (definite dual locative masculine)
modruju (definite dual feminine locative)
modruju (definite dual locative neuter)
modraja (definite dual masculine vocative)
modrěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
modrěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
modriji (definite masculine nominative plural)
modryję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
modraja (definite neuter nominative plural)
modrъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
modrъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
modrъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
modryjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
modryjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
modryjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
modryję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
modryję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
modraja (accusative definite neuter plural)
modryjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
modryjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
modryjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
modryjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
modryjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
modryjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
modriji (definite masculine plural vocative)
modryję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
modraja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *modrъ (hard)

Definite declension of *modrъ (hard)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: модър (modǎr) (dialectal)

Macedonian: модар (modar)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мо̏дар

Latin script: mȍdar

Slovene: mọ́dər (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: modrý

Czech: modrý

Kashubian: mòdri

Polish: modry

Silesian: modry

Slovak: modrý

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: módry

Upper Sorbian: módry

From Proto-Indo-European *modʰros (“blue”) (compare Hittite *𒀭𒋫𒊏𒀸 (antaraš, “blue”), accusative 𒀭𒋫𒊏𒀭 (antaran)).


žьltъ

žь̑ltъ (canonical)
žьltъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
žьlta (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
žьlto (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
žьlta (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
žьlty (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
žьlta (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
žьltu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
žьltě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
žьltu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
žьltъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
žьltǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
žьlto (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
žьltomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
žьltojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
žьltomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
žьltě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
žьltě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
žьltě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
žьlte (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
žьlto (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
žьlto (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
žьlta (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
žьltě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
žьltě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
žьltu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
žьltu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
žьltu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
žьltoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
žьltama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
žьltoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
žьlta (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
žьltě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
žьltě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
žьltoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
žьltama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
žьltoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
žьltu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
žьltu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
žьltu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
žьlta (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
žьltě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
žьltě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
žьlti (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
žьlty (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
žьlta (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
žьltъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
žьltъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
žьltъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
žьltomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
žьltamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
žьltomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
žьlty (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
žьlty (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
žьlta (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
žьlty (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
žьltami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
žьlty (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
žьltěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
žьltaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
žьltěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
žьlti (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
žьlty (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
žьlta (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
žьltъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
žьltaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
žьltoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
žьltajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
žьltyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
žьltajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
žьltujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
žьltěji (dative definite feminine singular)
žьltujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
žьltъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
žьltǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
žьltoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
žьltyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
žьltǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
žьltyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
žьltějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
žьltěji (definite feminine locative singular)
žьltějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
žьltъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
žьltaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
žьltoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
žьltaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
žьltěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
žьltěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
žьltuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
žьltuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
žьltuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
žьltyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
žьltyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
žьltyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
žьltaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
žьltěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
žьltěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
žьltyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
žьltyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
žьltyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
žьltuju (definite dual locative masculine)
žьltuju (definite dual feminine locative)
žьltuju (definite dual locative neuter)
žьltaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
žьltěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
žьltěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
žьltiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
žьltyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
žьltaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
žьltъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
žьltъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
žьltъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
žьltyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
žьltyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
žьltyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
žьltyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
žьltyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
žьltaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
žьltyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
žьltyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
žьltyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
žьltyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
žьltyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
žьltyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
žьltiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
žьltyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
žьltaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

Indefinite declension of *žьltъ (hard)

Definite declension of *žьltъ (hard)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: жьлтꙑи (žĭltyi), желтꙑи (želtyi), жолтꙑи (žoltyi)

Old Ruthenian: жо́лтый (žóltyj), жо́втый (žóvtyj)

Belarusian: жо́ўты (žóŭty)

Carpathian Rusyn: жо́втый (žóvtŷj)

Ukrainian: жо́втий (žóvtyj)

Russian: жёлтый (žóltyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: жлътъ (žlŭtŭ)

Glagolitic script: [Term?]

Bulgarian: жълт (žǎlt)

Macedonian: жолт (žolt)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жу̑т

Latin script: žȗt

Slovene: žȏłt (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: žlutý

Czech: žlutý

Kashubian: żôłti

Old Polish: żółty

Polish: żółty

Silesian: żōłty

Slovak: žltý

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: žołty

Lower Sorbian: žołty

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gilˀtas, akin to Lithuanian gel̃tas (stress pattern 4), Latvian dzȩlts (dialectal, standard dzeltens). Classically derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰl̥h₃tós from *ǵʰelh₃- (“to sprout, to shine”), similar to Proto-Slavic *zelenъ (“green”), *zoltъ (“golden”).