męknǫti

mę̀knǫti (canonical)
a (accent-paradigm)
męknenьje (noun-from-verb)
męknǫti (infinitive)
męknǫtъ (supine)
męknlъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
męknenъ (participle passive past)
męknomъ (participle passive present)
męknъ (active participle past)
mękny (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
męknъ (aorist first-person singular)
męknoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
mękne (aorist second-person singular)
mękne (aorist singular third-person)
męknǫ (first-person present singular)
mękneši (present second-person singular)
męknetь (present singular third-person)
męknově (aorist dual first-person)
męknoxově (aorist dual first-person)
mękneta (aorist dual second-person)
męknosta (aorist dual second-person)
męknete (aorist dual third-person)
męknoste (aorist dual third-person)
męknevě (dual first-person present)
mękneta (dual present second-person)
męknete (dual present third-person)
męknomъ (aorist first-person plural)
męknoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
męknete (aorist plural second-person)
męknoste (aorist plural second-person)
męknǫ (aorist plural third-person)
męknošę (aorist plural third-person)
męknemъ (first-person plural present)
męknete (plural present second-person)
męknǫtь (plural present third-person)
mękněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mękněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mękněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
mękni (imperative second-person singular)
mękni (imperative singular third-person)
mękněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mękněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mękněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mękněvě (dual first-person imperative)
mękněta (dual imperative second-person)
mękněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mękněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mękněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mękněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
mękněte (imperative plural second-person)

Church Slavonic: мѧкнѫти

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мѧкънꙋти

Belarusian: мя́кнуць (mjáknucʹ)

Russian: мя́кнуть (mjáknutʹ)

Ukrainian: м'я́кнути (mʺjáknuty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: (оумѧкнѫти)

Glagolitic: (ⱆⰿⱔⰽⱀⱘⱅⰻ (umęknǫti))

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ме̏кнути

Latin script: mȅknuti

Slovene: mẹ́kniti (tonal orthography) (obsolete)

West Slavic:

Czech: měknout

Polish: mięknąć

Slovak: mäknúť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: mjaknyć

Lower Sorbian: měknuś

Cognate with Lithuanian mìnkyti (“to knead”), Latvian mîcît (“to knead”), Old English menġan (“to mix”), and more distantly with Lithuanian mánkyti (“to knead, to press, to crumple”).
* Derksen: From Proto-Balto-Slavic *manˀk-, from Proto-Indo-European *monHk-, from the root *menHk-.
* Vasmer, Trubachev, Chernykh: Further cognate with Ancient Greek μάσσω (mássō, “to knead”) (aorist passive Ancient Greek μαγῆναι (magênai)) < Proto-Indo-European *mn̥k-y-oh₂. Chernykh, quoting Pokorny, gives the root as *men(H)k-; Rix prefers non-laryngeal *menk-, despite the Balto-Slavic evidence for a laryngeal (which he notes). According to Derksen, quoting Chantraine, the Greek root could be either μαγ- (mag-) or μακ- (mak-), despite the aorist passive. Derksen, however, would rather derive the Greek word from a different root *meh₂ǵ-; see *màzati (“to oil, to smear, to anoint”).


migati

migàti (canonical imperfective)
miganьje (noun-from-verb)
migati (infinitive)
migatъ (supine)
migalъ (l-participle)
miganъ (participle passive past)
migajemъ (participle passive present)
migavъ (active participle past)
migaję (active participle present)
migaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
miga (aorist second-person singular)
miga (aorist singular third-person)
migajǫ (first-person present singular)
migaješi (present second-person singular)
migajetь (present singular third-person)
migaxově (aorist dual first-person)
migasta (aorist dual second-person)
migaste (aorist dual third-person)
migajevě (dual first-person present)
migajeta (dual present second-person)
migajete (dual present third-person)
migaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
migaste (aorist plural second-person)
migašę (aorist plural third-person)
migajemъ (first-person plural present)
migajete (plural present second-person)
migajǫtь (plural present third-person)
migaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
migaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
migaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
migaji (imperative second-person singular)
migaji (imperative singular third-person)
migaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
migaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
migaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
migajivě (dual first-person imperative)
migajita (dual imperative second-person)
migaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
migaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
migaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
migajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
migajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мигати (migati)

Belarusian: міга́ць (mihácʹ)

Russian: мига́ть (migátʹ)

Ukrainian: мига́ти (myháty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ми́гам (mígam)

Macedonian: мига (miga)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ми̏гати

Latin script: mȉgati

Slovene: mȋgati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: míhat

Polabian: ḿėgojĕ

Old Polish: migać

Polish: migać

Slovak: migáť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: migaś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *meigātei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃meygʰ-. Baltic cognates include Lithuanian miegóti (“to sleep”), Old Prussian meicte (“to sleep”).

mižati

to doze, to screw up one's eyes; to drizzle


lupiti

lūpìti (canonical)
b (accent-paradigm)
lupľenьje (noun-from-verb)
lupiti (infinitive)
lupitъ (supine)
lupilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
lupľenъ (participle passive past)
lupimъ (participle passive present)
lupľь (active participle past)
lupę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
lupixъ (aorist first-person singular)
lupi (aorist second-person singular)
lupi (aorist singular third-person)
lupľǫ (first-person present singular)
lupiši (present second-person singular)
lupitь (present singular third-person)
lupixově (aorist dual first-person)
lupista (aorist dual second-person)
lupiste (aorist dual third-person)
lupivě (dual first-person present)
lupita (dual present second-person)
lupite (dual present third-person)
lupixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
lupiste (aorist plural second-person)
lupišę (aorist plural third-person)
lupimъ (first-person plural present)
lupite (plural present second-person)
lupętь (plural present third-person)
lupľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
lupľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
lupľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
lupi (imperative second-person singular)
lupi (imperative singular third-person)
lupľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
lupľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
lupľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
lupivě (dual first-person imperative)
lupita (dual imperative second-person)
lupľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
lupľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
lupľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
lupimъ (first-person imperative plural)
lupite (imperative plural second-person)

Church Slavonic: (вылоупитисꙗ (vylupitisja)) (Russian)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: лꙋпити (lupiti)

Belarusian: лупі́ць (lupícʹ)

Russian: лупи́ть (lupítʹ)

Ukrainian: лупи́ти (lupýty)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: лу́пя (lúpja) (dialectal), лю́пя (ljúpja)

Macedonian: лупи (lupi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: лу́пити, лу̏пити

Latin: lúpiti, lȕpiti

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: lupīti, lúpiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: lúpiti

Czech: loupit

Old Polish: łupić

Polish: łupić

Slovak: lúpiť

Slovincian: lëpjic

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: łupić

Lower Sorbian: łupiś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *láupīˀtei.
* Per Derksen, from a -p- variant of Proto-Indo-European *lowbʰ-, found in *lubъ (“bast”), Latin liber (“bark, book”).
* Per Vasmer, Russian лупи́ть (lupítʹ) is derived from лу́па (lúpa, “scab”).
* Per Trubachev, from *lupъ (“peel, shell?”) + *-iti.
* Chernkyh adds as cognates Ancient Greek λύπη (lúpē, “pain, suffering”), λυπέω (lupéō, “to torment, to trouble”), Sanskrit लोपयति (lopáyati, “to harm, to destroy”), लुम्पति (lumpati, “to rob, to destroy”).


luščiti

luščìti (canonical)
luščenьje (noun-from-verb)
luščiti (infinitive)
luščitъ (supine)
luščilъ (l-participle)
luščenъ (participle passive past)
luščimъ (participle passive present)
luščь (active participle past)
luščę (active participle present)
luščixъ (aorist first-person singular)
lušči (aorist second-person singular)
lušči (aorist singular third-person)
luščǫ (first-person present singular)
luščiši (present second-person singular)
luščitь (present singular third-person)
luščixově (aorist dual first-person)
luščista (aorist dual second-person)
luščiste (aorist dual third-person)
luščivě (dual first-person present)
luščita (dual present second-person)
luščite (dual present third-person)
luščixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
luščiste (aorist plural second-person)
luščišę (aorist plural third-person)
luščimъ (first-person plural present)
luščite (plural present second-person)
luščętь (plural present third-person)
luščaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
luščaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
luščaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
lušči (imperative second-person singular)
lušči (imperative singular third-person)
luščaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
luščaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
luščaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
luščivě (dual first-person imperative)
luščita (dual imperative second-person)
luščaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
luščaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
luščaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
luščimъ (first-person imperative plural)
luščite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: лу́шчыць (lúščycʹ)

Russian: лущи́ть (luščítʹ)

Ukrainian: лу́щити (lúščyty)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: лю́щя (ljúštja), лу́щя (lúštja)

Macedonian: лушти (lušti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: љу́штити

Latin script: ljúštiti

Slovene: luščīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: luščiti

Czech: luštit

Polish: łuszczyć

Slovak: lúštiť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: łušćić

Lower Sorbian: łušćiś


lęťi

lęknǫti (perfective)
lęčenьje (noun-from-verb)
lęťi (infinitive)
lęťь (supine)
lęklъ (l-participle)
lęčenъ (participle passive past)
lękomъ (participle passive present)
lękъ (active participle past)
lęky (active participle present)
lękъ (aorist first-person singular)
lękoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
lęče (aorist second-person singular)
lęče (aorist singular third-person)
lękǫ (first-person present singular)
lęčeši (present second-person singular)
lęčetь (present singular third-person)
lękově (aorist dual first-person)
lękoxově (aorist dual first-person)
lęketa (aorist dual second-person)
lękosta (aorist dual second-person)
lękete (aorist dual third-person)
lękoste (aorist dual third-person)
lęčevě (dual first-person present)
lęčeta (dual present second-person)
lęčete (dual present third-person)
lękomъ (aorist first-person plural)
lękoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
lękete (aorist plural second-person)
lękoste (aorist plural second-person)
lękǫ (aorist plural third-person)
lękošę (aorist plural third-person)
lęčemъ (first-person plural present)
lęčete (plural present second-person)
lękǫtь (plural present third-person)
lęčaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
lęčaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
lęčaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
lęci (imperative second-person singular)
lęci (imperative singular third-person)
lęčaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
lęčaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
lęčaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
lęcěvě (dual first-person imperative)
lęcěta (dual imperative second-person)
lęčaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
lęčaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
lęčaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
lęcěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
lęcěte (imperative plural second-person)
lęčenьje (noun-from-verb)
lęťi (infinitive)
lęťь (supine)
lęklъ (l-participle)
lęčenъ (participle passive past)
lękomъ (participle passive present)
lękъ (active participle past)
lęky (active participle present)
lęxъ (aorist first-person singular)
lęče (aorist second-person singular)
lęče (aorist singular third-person)
lękǫ (first-person present singular)
lęčeši (present second-person singular)
lęčetь (present singular third-person)
lęxově (aorist dual first-person)
lęsta (aorist dual second-person)
lęste (aorist dual third-person)
lęčevě (dual first-person present)
lęčeta (dual present second-person)
lęčete (dual present third-person)
lęxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
lęste (aorist plural second-person)
lęšę (aorist plural third-person)
lęčemъ (first-person plural present)
lęčete (plural present second-person)
lękǫtь (plural present third-person)
lęčaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
lęčaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
lęčaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
lęci (imperative second-person singular)
lęci (imperative singular third-person)
lęčaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
lęčaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
lęčaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
lęcěvě (dual first-person imperative)
lęcěta (dual imperative second-person)
lęčaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
lęčaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
lęčaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
lęcěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
lęcěte (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: лѧщи (rare, usually prefixed)

→ Old East Slavic: лѧщи

West Slavic:

Czech: léci (archaic); líct (dialectal)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: lac (archaic)

Lower Sorbian: lěc

lękti

earlier, unassimilated form, as in Derksen, Chernykh, Vasmer

lękťi

earlier, partly assimilated form, as in Trubachev

→ (by extension) to set traps (in West Slavic)


luskati

luskanьje (noun-from-verb)
luskati (infinitive)
luskatъ (supine)
luskalъ (l-participle)
luskanъ (participle passive past)
luskajemъ (participle passive present)
luskavъ (active participle past)
luskaję (active participle present)
luskaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
luska (aorist second-person singular)
luska (aorist singular third-person)
luskajǫ (first-person present singular)
luskaješi (present second-person singular)
luskajetь (present singular third-person)
luskaxově (aorist dual first-person)
luskasta (aorist dual second-person)
luskaste (aorist dual third-person)
luskajevě (dual first-person present)
luskajeta (dual present second-person)
luskajete (dual present third-person)
luskaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
luskaste (aorist plural second-person)
luskašę (aorist plural third-person)
luskajemъ (first-person plural present)
luskajete (plural present second-person)
luskajǫtь (plural present third-person)
luskaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
luskaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
luskaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
luskaji (imperative second-person singular)
luskaji (imperative singular third-person)
luskaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
luskaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
luskaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
luskajivě (dual first-person imperative)
luskajita (dual imperative second-person)
luskaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
luskaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
luskaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
luskajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
luskajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: лу́скаць (lúskacʹ)

Middle Russian: лꙋскати (luskati) (17th century, to peel, to shell)

Russian: луска́ть (luskátʹ), лу́скать (lúskatʹ, “to peel, to shell”)

Ukrainian: лу́скати (lúskaty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: лю́скам (ljúskam) (meaning “to husk” has become obsolete)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: љу̏скати (“to peel, to shell”) (dialectal)

Latin: ljȕskati (“to peel, to shell”) (dialectal)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: lúskati (“to peel, to shell; to clean (fish)”) (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desc

Old Czech: luskati, lúskati (“to crack a shell”)

Czech: louskat (“to crack a nut; to eat; to beat (lice)”)

Old Polish: łuskać

Polish: łuskać (“to peel, to shell”)

Slovak: lúskať (“to peel, to shell”)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: łuskać (“to snap, click, crackle softly”)

* Per Derksen, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *lauskāˀtei or *lauˀskāˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *loup- + *-sk-, from the same root as Proto-Slavic *lūpìti (“to peel”). Cognate with Latvian làuskāt (“to flake, to peel”) (East Baltic dialectal, where the sustained and falling tones are merged). Derksen also notes Latvian laûska (“fragment, splinter, potsherd”) but suggests it may be etymologically unrelated, derived instead from laûzt (“to break”), from Proto-Indo-European *louǵ-sk-.
* Vasmer, contra Derksen, endorses the connection with Latvian laûska and adds as cognates Latvian lauskas (“dandruff, husks”, pl.), Lithuanian lùskos (“rags”, pl.), lùskis (“ragamuffin”), lùkštas, lū́kštas (“apple peel, shell, husk”), Latvian laũkšķêt (“to click, to pop”), laušķinât (“to click, to crack, to knock, to make noise”).


měniti

měnìti (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
měňenьje (noun-from-verb)
měniti (infinitive)
měnitъ (supine)
měnilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
měňenъ (participle passive past)
měnimъ (participle passive present)
měňь (active participle past)
měnę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
měnixъ (aorist first-person singular)
měni (aorist second-person singular)
měni (aorist singular third-person)
měňǫ (first-person present singular)
měniši (present second-person singular)
měnitь (present singular third-person)
měnixově (aorist dual first-person)
měnista (aorist dual second-person)
měniste (aorist dual third-person)
měnivě (dual first-person present)
měnita (dual present second-person)
měnite (dual present third-person)
měnixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
měniste (aorist plural second-person)
měnišę (aorist plural third-person)
měnimъ (first-person plural present)
měnite (plural present second-person)
měnętь (plural present third-person)
měňaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
měňaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
měňaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
měni (imperative second-person singular)
měni (imperative singular third-person)
měňaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
měňaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
měňaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
měnivě (dual first-person imperative)
měnita (dual imperative second-person)
měňaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
měňaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
měňaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
měnimъ (first-person imperative plural)
měnite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: мѣнити (měniti, “to exchange”) (15th century)

Belarusian: менитися (mjenitisja) (obsolete)

Russian: мени́ть (menítʹ) (dialectal); -мени́ть (-menítʹ)

⇒ Russian: измени́ть (izmenítʹ)

Ukrainian: міни́ти (minýty) (rare)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мѣнитъ (měnitŭ, 3sg. pres.)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: меня́ (menjá)

Macedonian: мени (meni)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мијѐнити

Latin script: mijèniti

Slovene: menīti (tonal orthography) (obsolete)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: měniti

Czech: měnit

Old Polish: mienić

Polish: mienić

Slovak: meniť sa

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: mienic

Slovincian: mjênic

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: měnić

Lower Sorbian: měniś

From *měna (“change, exchange”) + *-iti.


měniti

měnìti (canonical)
měňenьje (noun-from-verb)
měniti (infinitive)
měnitъ (supine)
měnilъ (l-participle)
měňenъ (participle passive past)
měnimъ (participle passive present)
měňь (active participle past)
měnę (active participle present)
měnixъ (aorist first-person singular)
měni (aorist second-person singular)
měni (aorist singular third-person)
měňǫ (first-person present singular)
měniši (present second-person singular)
měnitь (present singular third-person)
měnixově (aorist dual first-person)
měnista (aorist dual second-person)
měniste (aorist dual third-person)
měnivě (dual first-person present)
měnita (dual present second-person)
měnite (dual present third-person)
měnixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
měniste (aorist plural second-person)
měnišę (aorist plural third-person)
měnimъ (first-person plural present)
měnite (plural present second-person)
měnętь (plural present third-person)
měňaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
měňaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
měňaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
měni (imperative second-person singular)
měni (imperative singular third-person)
měňaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
měňaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
měňaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
měnivě (dual first-person imperative)
měnita (dual imperative second-person)
měňaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
měňaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
měňaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
měnimъ (first-person imperative plural)
měnite (imperative plural second-person)

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мѣнити (měniti) (12th–13th century)

Ukrainian: м'іни́ти (mʺinýty) (dialectal)

⇒ Ukrainian: поміни́ти (pominýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мѣнити (měniti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ме́нити, мијѐнити (regional)

Latin: méniti, mijèniti (regional)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: menīti, mẹ́niti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mieniti

Czech: mínit

Polish: mienić

Slovak: mieniť

Slovincian: mjìe̯nĭc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: měnić

Lower Sorbian: mjěniś, měniś

Cognate with Proto-Germanic *mainijaną (“to mean, to think”) (whence German meinen (“to mean”), English mean, etc.), Old Irish mían (“wish, desire”). Apparently from Proto-Indo-European *meyn-. Per Derksen, quoting Kluge-Seebold, possibly related to *měniti (“to change”), with an original meaning "to consequentively present one's meaning".


lǫčiti

lǭčìti (canonical)
b (accent-paradigm)
lǫčenьje (noun-from-verb)
lǫčiti (infinitive)
lǫčitъ (supine)
lǫčilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
lǫčenъ (participle passive past)
lǫčimъ (participle passive present)
lǫčь (active participle past)
lǫčę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
lǫčixъ (aorist first-person singular)
lǫči (aorist second-person singular)
lǫči (aorist singular third-person)
lǫčǫ (first-person present singular)
lǫčiši (present second-person singular)
lǫčitь (present singular third-person)
lǫčixově (aorist dual first-person)
lǫčista (aorist dual second-person)
lǫčiste (aorist dual third-person)
lǫčivě (dual first-person present)
lǫčita (dual present second-person)
lǫčite (dual present third-person)
lǫčixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
lǫčiste (aorist plural second-person)
lǫčišę (aorist plural third-person)
lǫčimъ (first-person plural present)
lǫčite (plural present second-person)
lǫčętь (plural present third-person)
lǫčaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
lǫčaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
lǫčaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
lǫči (imperative second-person singular)
lǫči (imperative singular third-person)
lǫčaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
lǫčaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
lǫčaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
lǫčivě (dual first-person imperative)
lǫčita (dual imperative second-person)
lǫčaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
lǫčaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
lǫčaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
lǫčimъ (first-person imperative plural)
lǫčite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: лꙋчити (lučiti) (12th century)

Belarusian: лучы́ць (lučýcʹ)

Russian: (dialectal) лучи́ть (lučítʹ) (standard разлучи́ть (razlučítʹ))

Ukrainian: лучи́ти (lučýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: лѫчити (lǫčiti)

Glagolitic: ⰾⱘⱍⰹⱅⰹ (lǫčiti)

Bulgarian: лъ́ча (lǎ́ča)

Macedonian: лачи (lači)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: лу́чити

Latin script: lúčiti

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: ločīti, lọ́čiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: lúčiti

Czech: loučit (literary)

Old Polish: łączyć

Polish: łączyć

Slovak: lúčiť

Slovincian: lãczic

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: łucyś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *lánkīˀtei, causative/iterative of *lenk- (“to bend”).


męsti

męstì (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
mętenьje (noun-from-verb)
męsti (infinitive)
męstъ (supine)
mętlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
mętenъ (participle passive past)
mętomъ (participle passive present)
mętъ (active participle past)
męty (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
mętъ (aorist first-person singular)
mętoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
męte (aorist second-person singular)
męte (aorist singular third-person)
mętǫ (first-person present singular)
męteši (present second-person singular)
mętetь (present singular third-person)
mętově (aorist dual first-person)
mętoxově (aorist dual first-person)
męteta (aorist dual second-person)
mętosta (aorist dual second-person)
mętete (aorist dual third-person)
mętoste (aorist dual third-person)
mętevě (dual first-person present)
męteta (dual present second-person)
mętete (dual present third-person)
mętomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mętoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mętete (aorist plural second-person)
mętoste (aorist plural second-person)
mętǫ (aorist plural third-person)
mętošę (aorist plural third-person)
mętemъ (first-person plural present)
mętete (plural present second-person)
mętǫtь (plural present third-person)
mętěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mętěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mętěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
męti (imperative second-person singular)
męti (imperative singular third-person)
mętěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mętěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mętěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mętěvě (dual first-person imperative)
mętěta (dual imperative second-person)
mętěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mętěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mętěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mętěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
mętěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мꙗсти (mjasti)

Russian: мясти́ (mjastí) (obsolete)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мѧсти

Glagolitic: ⰿⱔⱄⱅⰻ (męsti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ме́сти

Latin script: mésti

Slovene: mẹ́sti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: miesti

Czech: mást

Slovak: miasť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: mjasć

Lower Sorbian: měsć (archaic)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *menstei, from Proto-Indo-European *menth₂- (given as *mentH- in Derksen). Baltic cognates include Lithuanian mę̃sti (“to mix”) (3sg. meñčia). Other Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit मन्थति (mánthati, “to whirl, to rub”) (also मथ्नाति (mathnā́ti), मथति (máthati)), मन्थयति (manthayati, “to shake, to stir”) (also मथयति (mathayati)), Tocharian A mäntācär (“you are injured”, 2pl.), Tocharian B mintanaṃ (“to mix (clay with water)”). Per Vasmer, also cognate with Latin mamphur (“part of a lathe”) (an apparent borrowing from unattested Oscan *manfar), Vulgar Latin *mandar (the unattested ancestor of French mandrin (“mandrel”), which has added the Latin ending -īnus), Old Norse mǫndull (“handmill lever”); but all of these require a Proto-Indo-European root *mendʰ-.

cog

<i class="Latn mention" lang="en">mandrel</i>


kyvati

kyvanьje (noun-from-verb)
kyvati (infinitive)
kyvatъ (supine)
kyvalъ (l-participle)
kyvanъ (participle passive past)
kyvajemъ (participle passive present)
kyvavъ (active participle past)
kyvaję (active participle present)
kyvaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kyva (aorist second-person singular)
kyva (aorist singular third-person)
kyvajǫ (first-person present singular)
kyvaješi (present second-person singular)
kyvajetь (present singular third-person)
kyvaxově (aorist dual first-person)
kyvasta (aorist dual second-person)
kyvaste (aorist dual third-person)
kyvajevě (dual first-person present)
kyvajeta (dual present second-person)
kyvajete (dual present third-person)
kyvaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kyvaste (aorist plural second-person)
kyvašę (aorist plural third-person)
kyvajemъ (first-person plural present)
kyvajete (plural present second-person)
kyvajǫtь (plural present third-person)
kyvaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kyvaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kyvaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kyvaji (imperative second-person singular)
kyvaji (imperative singular third-person)
kyvaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kyvaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kyvaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kyvajivě (dual first-person imperative)
kyvajita (dual imperative second-person)
kyvaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kyvaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kyvaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kyvajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kyvajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кꙑвати (kyvati) (13th century)

Belarusian: ківа́ць (kivácʹ)

Russian: кива́ть (kivátʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: кы́вати (kŷ́vaty)

Ukrainian: кива́ти (kyváty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: кꙑвати (kyvati)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: ки́вам (kívam) (dialectal)

Slovene: kívati (tonal orthography) (obsolete, dialectal)

West Slavic:

Czech: kývat

Old Polish: kiwać

Polish: kiwać

Silesian: kiwać

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: cziwac

Slovincian: kjiwac

Slovak: kývať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kiwać

Lower Sorbian: kiwaś

From Proto-Indo-European *kh₁u-, from the root *keh₁w-. Cognate with Latin cēveō (“to move the backside in a lewd manner, to twerk”). Vasmer suggests a possible additional cognate in Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌴𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (skēwjan, “to wander”), while Chernykh adds as possibilities Ossetian чи́уын (ḱíwyn, “to stagger, to stumble”) (also кеун (kewn)), Central Kurdish کەیان (keyan, “to waver, to wobble”).


kutiti

kuťenьje (noun-from-verb)
kutiti (infinitive)
kutitъ (supine)
kutilъ (l-participle)
kuťenъ (participle passive past)
kutimъ (participle passive present)
kuťь (active participle past)
kutę (active participle present)
kutixъ (aorist first-person singular)
kuti (aorist second-person singular)
kuti (aorist singular third-person)
kuťǫ (first-person present singular)
kutiši (present second-person singular)
kutitь (present singular third-person)
kutixově (aorist dual first-person)
kutista (aorist dual second-person)
kutiste (aorist dual third-person)
kutivě (dual first-person present)
kutita (dual present second-person)
kutite (dual present third-person)
kutixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kutiste (aorist plural second-person)
kutišę (aorist plural third-person)
kutimъ (first-person plural present)
kutite (plural present second-person)
kutętь (plural present third-person)
kuťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kuťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kuťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kuti (imperative second-person singular)
kuti (imperative singular third-person)
kuťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kuťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kuťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kutivě (dual first-person imperative)
kutita (dual imperative second-person)
kuťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kuťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kuťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kutimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kutite (imperative plural second-person)

Church Slavonic: коутити (kutiti, “to devise”)

East Slavic:

desc

Russian: кути́ть (kutítʹ, “to carouse, to revel; to spread gossip (dialectal); to whirl (of a snowstorm) (dialectal)”), 1sg. кучу́ (kučú), 3sg. ку́тит (kútit)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ку́тя (kútja, “to take care”) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ку́тити (“to fall completely into illness”)

Latin: kútiti (“to fall completely into illness”)

Slovene: kutiti (“to bend, to hide oneself, to squat”)

West Slavic:

Czech: kutit (“to plan, to design, to venture”) (kutit se (“to rummage through”))

Polabian: t’autait, t’aitait (“to do”)

Slovak: kutiť (“to look for, to rummage through, to venture”)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kućić (“to do, to be in charge”)

Traditionally connected to Ancient Greek σκεῦος (skeûos) and Proto-Germanic *hawjaną for a Proto-Indo-European *(s)kew-. But, Per Derksen and Vasmer, the etymology is unclear.


kǫtati

kǫ̀tati (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
kǫtanьje (noun-from-verb)
kǫtati (infinitive)
kǫtatъ (supine)
kǫtalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
kǫtanъ (participle passive past)
kǫtajemъ (participle passive present)
kǫtavъ (active participle past)
kǫtaję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
kǫtaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kǫta (aorist second-person singular)
kǫta (aorist singular third-person)
kǫtajǫ (first-person present singular)
kǫtaješi (present second-person singular)
kǫtajetь (present singular third-person)
kǫtaxově (aorist dual first-person)
kǫtasta (aorist dual second-person)
kǫtaste (aorist dual third-person)
kǫtajevě (dual first-person present)
kǫtajeta (dual present second-person)
kǫtajete (dual present third-person)
kǫtaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kǫtaste (aorist plural second-person)
kǫtašę (aorist plural third-person)
kǫtajemъ (first-person plural present)
kǫtajete (plural present second-person)
kǫtajǫtь (plural present third-person)
kǫtaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kǫtaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kǫtaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kǫtaji (imperative second-person singular)
kǫtaji (imperative singular third-person)
kǫtaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kǫtaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kǫtaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kǫtajivě (dual first-person imperative)
kǫtajita (dual imperative second-person)
kǫtaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kǫtaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kǫtaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kǫtajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kǫtajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кутати (kutati)

Belarusian: ку́таць (kútacʹ) (dialectal)

Russian: ку́тать (kútatʹ)

Ukrainian: ку́тати (kútaty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: (съкѫтати (sŭkǫtati))

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: къ́там (kǎ́tam)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: (ску́тати)

Latin: (skútati)

⇒ Slovene: skotáti (tonal orthography)

Unclear. Per Vasmer, cognate with Old Prussian pokūnst (“to cover, to save”), pakūnst (“to store, to save”), kūnti, pokūnti (“(he) protects”).


kosnǫti

kosnovenьje (noun-from-verb)
kosnǫti (infinitive)
kosnǫtъ (supine)
kosnǫlъ (l-participle)
kosnovenъ (participle passive past)
kosnǫvъ (active participle past)
kosnǫxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kosnǫ (aorist second-person singular)
kosnǫ (aorist singular third-person)
kosnǫ (first-person present singular)
kosneši (present second-person singular)
kosnetь (present singular third-person)
kosnǫxově (aorist dual first-person)
kosnǫsta (aorist dual second-person)
kosnǫste (aorist dual third-person)
kosnevě (dual first-person present)
kosneta (dual present second-person)
kosnete (dual present third-person)
kosnǫxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kosnǫste (aorist plural second-person)
kosnǫšę (aorist plural third-person)
kosnemъ (first-person plural present)
kosnete (plural present second-person)
kosnǫtь (plural present third-person)
kosni (imperative second-person singular)
kosni (imperative singular third-person)
kosněvě (dual first-person imperative)
kosněta (dual imperative second-person)
kosněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
kosněte (imperative plural second-person)
kosenьje (noun-from-verb)
kosnǫti (infinitive)
kosnǫtъ (supine)
koslъ (l-participle)
kosenъ (participle passive past)
kosъ (active participle past)
kosъ (aorist first-person singular)
kosoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kose (aorist second-person singular)
kose (aorist singular third-person)
kosnǫ (first-person present singular)
kosneši (present second-person singular)
kosnetь (present singular third-person)
kosově (aorist dual first-person)
kosoxově (aorist dual first-person)
koseta (aorist dual second-person)
kososta (aorist dual second-person)
kosete (aorist dual third-person)
kososte (aorist dual third-person)
kosnevě (dual first-person present)
kosneta (dual present second-person)
kosnete (dual present third-person)
kosomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kosoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kosete (aorist plural second-person)
kososte (aorist plural second-person)
kosǫ (aorist plural third-person)
kosošę (aorist plural third-person)
kosnemъ (first-person plural present)
kosnete (plural present second-person)
kosnǫtь (plural present third-person)
kosni (imperative second-person singular)
kosni (imperative singular third-person)
kosněvě (dual first-person imperative)
kosněta (dual imperative second-person)
kosněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
kosněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: коснꙋти (kosnuti)

Belarusian: касну́цца (kasnúcca) (dialectal)

Russian: косну́ться (kosnútʹsja)

Ukrainian: косну́тися (kosnútysja) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: коснѫти (kosnǫti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

desc

Bulgarian: ко́снувам (kósnuvam) (obsolete, dialectal)

Macedonian: косне (kosne)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ко̏снути

Latin script: kȍsnuti

From the root of *česàti (“to scratch, to comb”) + *-nǫti.


kǫsati

kǫsàti (canonical imperfective)
kǫsanьje (noun-from-verb)
kǫsati (infinitive)
kǫsatъ (supine)
kǫsalъ (l-participle)
kǫsanъ (participle passive past)
kǫsajemъ (participle passive present)
kǫsavъ (active participle past)
kǫsaję (active participle present)
kǫsaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kǫsa (aorist second-person singular)
kǫsa (aorist singular third-person)
kǫsajǫ (first-person present singular)
kǫsaješi (present second-person singular)
kǫsajetь (present singular third-person)
kǫsaxově (aorist dual first-person)
kǫsasta (aorist dual second-person)
kǫsaste (aorist dual third-person)
kǫsajevě (dual first-person present)
kǫsajeta (dual present second-person)
kǫsajete (dual present third-person)
kǫsaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kǫsaste (aorist plural second-person)
kǫsašę (aorist plural third-person)
kǫsajemъ (first-person plural present)
kǫsajete (plural present second-person)
kǫsajǫtь (plural present third-person)
kǫsaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kǫsaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kǫsaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kǫsaji (imperative second-person singular)
kǫsaji (imperative singular third-person)
kǫsaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kǫsaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kǫsaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kǫsajivě (dual first-person imperative)
kǫsajita (dual imperative second-person)
kǫsaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kǫsaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kǫsaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kǫsajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kǫsajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кѫсати (kǫsati), кусати (kusati)

Belarusian: куса́ць (kusácʹ)

Russian: куса́ть (kusátʹ)

Ukrainian: куса́ти (kusáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: кѫсати (kǫsati)

Glagolitic: ⰽⱘⱄⰰⱅⰻ (kǫsati)

Bulgarian: къ́сам (kǎ́sam)

Macedonian: каса (kasa)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ку́сати

Latin script: kúsati

Slovene: kọ̑sati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: kousat

Polabian: kǫsĕt

Old Polish: kąsać
Polish: kąsać

Pomeranian:

Slovak: kúsať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kusać

Lower Sorbian: kusaś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kanˀstei from an earlier form **kanˀdtei.
Per Vasmer, derived from *kǫ̑sъ (“piece”); but per Trubachev, the noun is derived from the verb. Cognate with Lithuanian ką́sti (“to bite”) (1sg. kándu), Latvian kuôst (“to bite”) (1sg. kuôžu). Possibly cognate with some or all of Ancient Greek κνώδων (knṓdōn, “knife, blade, prong”), κνώδαλον (knṓdalon, “wild beast”), Old High German hantag (“sharp, cutting”), Sanskrit खादति (khā́dati, “to chew, to bite”), Persian خاییدن (xâyidan, “to chew”), Old Armenian խածանեմ (xacanem, “to bite”). Per Derksen, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kanˀd-, from which a Proto-Indo-European root such as *k(ʷ)end- or *k(ʷ)enHd(ʰ)- can be constructed.


krǫtiti

krǫťenьje (noun-from-verb)
krǫtiti (infinitive)
krǫtitъ (supine)
krǫtilъ (l-participle)
krǫťenъ (participle passive past)
krǫtimъ (participle passive present)
krǫťь (active participle past)
krǫtę (active participle present)
krǫtixъ (aorist first-person singular)
krǫti (aorist second-person singular)
krǫti (aorist singular third-person)
krǫťǫ (first-person present singular)
krǫtiši (present second-person singular)
krǫtitь (present singular third-person)
krǫtixově (aorist dual first-person)
krǫtista (aorist dual second-person)
krǫtiste (aorist dual third-person)
krǫtivě (dual first-person present)
krǫtita (dual present second-person)
krǫtite (dual present third-person)
krǫtixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
krǫtiste (aorist plural second-person)
krǫtišę (aorist plural third-person)
krǫtimъ (first-person plural present)
krǫtite (plural present second-person)
krǫtętь (plural present third-person)
krǫťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
krǫťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
krǫťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
krǫti (imperative second-person singular)
krǫti (imperative singular third-person)
krǫťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
krǫťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
krǫťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
krǫtivě (dual first-person imperative)
krǫtita (dual imperative second-person)
krǫťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
krǫťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
krǫťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
krǫtimъ (first-person imperative plural)
krǫtite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: крутити (krutiti)

desc

Old Belarusian: крутити (krutiti, “to twist, to turn”)

Belarusian: круці́ць (krucícʹ, “to twist, to turn”)

Middle Russian: крутити (krutiti) (17th century)

Russian: крути́ть (krutítʹ)

Ukrainian: крути́ти (krutýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: крѫтити (krǫtiti), 1sg. крѫщѫ (krǫštǫ)

Glagolitic script: ⰽⱃⱘⱅⰻⱅⰻ (krǫtiti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Serbo-Croatian: кру́тити, 1sg. кру̑тӣм

Latin: krútiti, 1sg. krȗtīm

Slovene: krotiti

West Slavic:

Old Czech: krútiti

Czech: kroutit

Old Polish: kręcić

Polish: kręcić

Slovak: krútiť (“to turn, to twirl”)

Slovincian: krãcëc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: krućić (“to strengthen”), kruć (“to twist”)

Lower Sorbian: kšuśiś (“to harden, to strengthen”)

Deadjectival from *krǫ̑tъ (“winding? steep? severe?”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *krant-, also found in Lithuanian krañtas (“bank (of a river)”).
* Per Derksen, with no cognates outside of Balto-Slavic.
* Per Vasmer, presumably from a nasal-infix variant of Proto-Indo-European *kert-, found in Sanskrit कृणत्ति (kṛṇátti, “to twist thread, to spin”), चृटति (cṛṭáti, “to bind, to fasten together”), Ancient Greek κάρταλος (kártalos, “basket”), κυρτία (kurtía, “anything made of wicker”), Latin crātis (“wattle fence, corral”), Old Irish cret (“body of a cart”), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐍃 (haurds, “door”), Old High German hurt (“wattle fence, anything made of wicker”) (plural hurdi).


koltiti

kōltìti (canonical)
b (accent-paradigm)
kolťenьje (noun-from-verb)
koltiti (infinitive)
koltitъ (supine)
koltilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
kolťenъ (participle passive past)
koltimъ (participle passive present)
kolťь (active participle past)
koltę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
koltixъ (aorist first-person singular)
kolti (aorist second-person singular)
kolti (aorist singular third-person)
kolťǫ (first-person present singular)
koltiši (present second-person singular)
koltitь (present singular third-person)
koltixově (aorist dual first-person)
koltista (aorist dual second-person)
koltiste (aorist dual third-person)
koltivě (dual first-person present)
koltita (dual present second-person)
koltite (dual present third-person)
koltixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
koltiste (aorist plural second-person)
koltišę (aorist plural third-person)
koltimъ (first-person plural present)
koltite (plural present second-person)
koltętь (plural present third-person)
kolťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kolťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kolťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kolti (imperative second-person singular)
kolti (imperative singular third-person)
kolťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kolťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kolťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
koltivě (dual first-person imperative)
koltita (dual imperative second-person)
kolťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kolťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kolťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
koltimъ (first-person imperative plural)
koltite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: колотити (kolotiti) (17th century)

Belarusian: калаци́ць (kalacícʹ)

Russian: колоти́ть (kolotítʹ)

Ukrainian: колоти́ти (kolotýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: клатити (klatiti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: кла́тя (klátja)

Macedonian: клати (klati)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кла́тити

Latin script: klátiti

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: klatīti, klátiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: klátiti

Czech: klátit

Polish: kłócić

Slovak: klátiť

Slovincian: klôcëc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kłóćić

Lower Sorbian: kłośiś

From *kõltъ (“club? log? sledgehammer?”) + *-iti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kálˀtas, from the Proto-Balto-Slavic root *kalˀ-. Cognate with Lithuanian káltas (“chisel”), Latvian kal̃ts (“chisel, small hammer”). See *kòlti (“to stab, to sting”) for further etymology.


kliknǫti

klìknǫti (canonical perfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
kliknovenьje (noun-from-verb)
kliknǫti (infinitive)
kliknǫtъ (supine)
kliknǫlъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
kliknovenъ (participle passive past)
kliknǫvъ (active participle past)
a (accent-paradigm)
kliknǫxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kliknǫ (aorist second-person singular)
kliknǫ (aorist singular third-person)
kliknǫ (first-person present singular)
klikneši (present second-person singular)
kliknetь (present singular third-person)
kliknǫxově (aorist dual first-person)
kliknǫsta (aorist dual second-person)
kliknǫste (aorist dual third-person)
kliknevě (dual first-person present)
klikneta (dual present second-person)
kliknete (dual present third-person)
kliknǫxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kliknǫste (aorist plural second-person)
kliknǫšę (aorist plural third-person)
kliknemъ (first-person plural present)
kliknete (plural present second-person)
kliknǫtь (plural present third-person)
klikni (imperative second-person singular)
klikni (imperative singular third-person)
klikněvě (dual first-person imperative)
klikněta (dual imperative second-person)
klikněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
klikněte (imperative plural second-person)
kličenьje (noun-from-verb)
kliknǫti (infinitive)
kliknǫtъ (supine)
kliklъ (l-participle)
kličenъ (participle passive past)
klikъ (active participle past)
klikъ (aorist first-person singular)
klikoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kliče (aorist second-person singular)
kliče (aorist singular third-person)
kliknǫ (first-person present singular)
klikneši (present second-person singular)
kliknetь (present singular third-person)
klikově (aorist dual first-person)
klikoxově (aorist dual first-person)
kliketa (aorist dual second-person)
klikosta (aorist dual second-person)
klikete (aorist dual third-person)
klikoste (aorist dual third-person)
kliknevě (dual first-person present)
klikneta (dual present second-person)
kliknete (dual present third-person)
klikomъ (aorist first-person plural)
klikoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
klikete (aorist plural second-person)
klikoste (aorist plural second-person)
klikǫ (aorist plural third-person)
klikošę (aorist plural third-person)
kliknemъ (first-person plural present)
kliknete (plural present second-person)
kliknǫtь (plural present third-person)
klikni (imperative second-person singular)
klikni (imperative singular third-person)
klikněvě (dual first-person imperative)
klikněta (dual imperative second-person)
klikněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
klikněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кликнꙋти (kliknuti) (10th century)

Belarusian: клі́кнуць (klíknucʹ)

Russian: кли́кнуть (klíknutʹ)

Ukrainian: кли́кнути (klýknuty)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: кликнѫти (kliknǫti)

Bulgarian: кликнѫ (kliknǫ) (archaic; Gerov's dictionary)

Macedonian: кликне (klikne)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кли̏кнути

Latin script: klȉknuti

Slovene: klíkniti (tonal orthography)


klikati

klìkati (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
klikanьje (noun-from-verb)
klikati (infinitive)
klikatъ (supine)
klikalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
klikanъ (participle passive past)
kličemъ (participle passive present)
klikavъ (active participle past)
kličę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
klikaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
klika (aorist second-person singular)
klika (aorist singular third-person)
kličǫ (first-person present singular)
kličeši (present second-person singular)
kličetь (present singular third-person)
klikaxově (aorist dual first-person)
klikasta (aorist dual second-person)
klikaste (aorist dual third-person)
kličevě (dual first-person present)
kličeta (dual present second-person)
kličete (dual present third-person)
klikaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
klikaste (aorist plural second-person)
klikašę (aorist plural third-person)
kličemъ (first-person plural present)
kličete (plural present second-person)
kličǫtь (plural present third-person)
klikaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
klikaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
klikaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kliči (imperative second-person singular)
kliči (imperative singular third-person)
klikaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
klikaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
klikaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kličivě (dual first-person imperative)
kličita (dual imperative second-person)
klikaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
klikaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
klikaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kličimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kličite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кликати (klikati) (11th century), кликоша (klikoša) (aorist)

Belarusian: клі́каць (klíkacʹ)

Russian: кли́кать (klíkatʹ)

Ukrainian: кли́кати (klýkaty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: клицати (klicati)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: кли́кам (klíkam) (dialectal)

Macedonian: клика (klika)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кли̏цати, (dialectal) кли̏кати, кли̏ћи, кличе

Latin: klȉcati, (dialectal) klȉkati

Slovene: klícati (tonal orthography), (literary) klíkati

West Slavic:

Old Czech: klíčeti

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *klīˀkāˀtei. Cognate with Lithuanian klỹkti (“to scream, to yell”) (1sg. klykiù), klìkti (“to shriek, to cry out”) (1sg. klinkù), klýkoti (“to scream, to yell”), klýkauti (“to shout”), Latvian klĩkât (“to scream loudly (in a forest)”), klìekt (“to shout loudly”). Vasmer adds as cognates Middle High German līen, līhen (“to speak, to inform”), Old English hlīgan (“to ascribe”). Per Trubachev, onomatopoeic.


klokotati

c (accent-paradigm)
klokotanьje (noun-from-verb)
klokotati (infinitive)
klokotatъ (supine)
klokotalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
klokotanъ (participle passive past)
klokoťemъ (participle passive present)
klokotavъ (active participle past)
klokoťę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
klokotaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
klokota (aorist second-person singular)
klokota (aorist singular third-person)
klokoťǫ (first-person present singular)
klokoťeši (present second-person singular)
klokoťetь (present singular third-person)
klokotaxově (aorist dual first-person)
klokotasta (aorist dual second-person)
klokotaste (aorist dual third-person)
klokoťevě (dual first-person present)
klokoťeta (dual present second-person)
klokoťete (dual present third-person)
klokotaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
klokotaste (aorist plural second-person)
klokotašę (aorist plural third-person)
klokoťemъ (first-person plural present)
klokoťete (plural present second-person)
klokoťǫtь (plural present third-person)
klokotaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
klokotaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
klokotaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
klokoťi (imperative second-person singular)
klokoťi (imperative singular third-person)
klokotaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
klokotaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
klokotaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
klokoťivě (dual first-person imperative)
klokoťita (dual imperative second-person)
klokotaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
klokotaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
klokotaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
klokoťimъ (first-person imperative plural)
klokoťite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: клокотати (klokotati), клокътати (klokŭtati) (11th century)

Belarusian: клаката́ць (klakatácʹ)

Russian: клокота́ть (klokotátʹ), клохта́ть (kloxtátʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: клокотати (klokotati)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: клоко́тя (klokótja), клоко́ча (klokóča)

Macedonian: клокоти (klokoti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: клоко̀тати

Latin script: klokòtati

Slovene: klokotáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kloktati, klokotati

Czech: klokotat, kloktat

Slovak: klokotať, kloktať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kłokotać

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: clocoti

Onomatopoeic, analogous to Proto-Celtic *klokkos (“bell”). Cognate with Lithuanian klókti (“to puke, to spit out”) (1sg. klókiu), klakšinât (“to click with the tongue”).


kolti

kòlti (canonical)
b (accent-paradigm)
koltьje (noun-from-verb)
kolti (infinitive)
koltъ (supine)
kollъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
koltъ (participle passive past)
koľemъ (participle passive present)
kolvъ (active participle past)
koľę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
kolsъ (aorist first-person singular)
kol (aorist second-person singular)
kol (aorist singular third-person)
koľǫ (first-person present singular)
koľeši (present second-person singular)
koľetь (present singular third-person)
kolsově (aorist dual first-person)
kolsta (aorist dual second-person)
kolste (aorist dual third-person)
koľevě (dual first-person present)
koľeta (dual present second-person)
koľete (dual present third-person)
kolsomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kolste (aorist plural second-person)
kolsę (aorist plural third-person)
koľemъ (first-person plural present)
koľete (plural present second-person)
koľǫtь (plural present third-person)
koľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
koľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
koľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
koľi (imperative second-person singular)
koľi (imperative singular third-person)
koľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
koľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
koľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
koľivě (dual first-person imperative)
koľita (dual imperative second-person)
koľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
koľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
koľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
koľimъ (first-person imperative plural)
koľite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: колоти (koloti) (10th century)

Belarusian: кало́ць (kalócʹ)

Russian: коло́ть (kolótʹ)

Ukrainian: коло́ти (kolóty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: клати (klati)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: ко́ля (kólja)

Macedonian: коле (kole)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кла̏ти

Latin script: klȁti

Slovene: kláti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kláti

Czech: klát

Kashubian: kłoc

Old Polish: kłuć, kłóć

Polish: kłuć, kłóć

Slovak: klať

Slovincian: klôc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kłóć

Lower Sorbian: kłojś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kálˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *kolh₂-, from the root *kelh₂-.
Cognate with Lithuanian kálti (“to strike (with a hammer or axe), to forge”) (1sg. kalù), Latvian kal̃t (“to beat, to forge”) (1sg. kaļu), Lithuanian kùlti (“to hit”), Latvian kul̂t (“to hit”), Old Prussian preicalis (“anvil”), kalopeilis (“hoe”), Latin percellō (“to overturn, to strike”) (infinitive percellere, perfect perculī), Old Irish cellach (“war”), Ancient Greek κελεΐς (keleḯs, “axe”) (Hesychius), per Vasmer probably also Lithuanian skélti (“to split”).


kaziti

kazìti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
kaženьje (noun-from-verb)
kaziti (infinitive)
kazitъ (supine)
kazilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
kaženъ (participle passive past)
kazimъ (participle passive present)
kažь (active participle past)
kazę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
kazixъ (aorist first-person singular)
kazi (aorist second-person singular)
kazi (aorist singular third-person)
kažǫ (first-person present singular)
kaziši (present second-person singular)
kazitь (present singular third-person)
kazixově (aorist dual first-person)
kazista (aorist dual second-person)
kaziste (aorist dual third-person)
kazivě (dual first-person present)
kazita (dual present second-person)
kazite (dual present third-person)
kazixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kaziste (aorist plural second-person)
kazišę (aorist plural third-person)
kazimъ (first-person plural present)
kazite (plural present second-person)
kazętь (plural present third-person)
kažaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kažaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kažaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kazi (imperative second-person singular)
kazi (imperative singular third-person)
kažaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kažaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kažaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kazivě (dual first-person imperative)
kazita (dual imperative second-person)
kažaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kažaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kažaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kazimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kazite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: казитися (kazitisja) (12th century)

Belarusian: ка́зіць (kázicʹ)

Russian: кази́ть (kazítʹ) (archaic or dialectal)

desc

Ukrainian: кази́ти (kazýty), кази́тися (kazýtysja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: казити (kaziti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кази́ти (dialectal); (нака́зити)

Latin: kazíti (dialectal); (nakáziti)

Slovene: kazīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: kazit

Kashubian: kazëc

Old Polish: kazić
Polish: kazić

Slovak: kaziť

Slovincian: kazëc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kazyć

Lower Sorbian: kazyś

Most likely a causative of the root found in *čèznǫti (“to disappear”).


kašьľati

kašьľanьje (noun-from-verb)
kašьľati (infinitive)
kašьľatъ (supine)
kašьľalъ (l-participle)
kašьľanъ (participle passive past)
kašьľajemъ (participle passive present)
kašьľavъ (active participle past)
kašьľaję (active participle present)
kašьľaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kašьľa (aorist second-person singular)
kašьľa (aorist singular third-person)
kašьľajǫ (first-person present singular)
kašьľaješi (present second-person singular)
kašьľajetь (present singular third-person)
kašьľaxově (aorist dual first-person)
kašьľasta (aorist dual second-person)
kašьľaste (aorist dual third-person)
kašьľajevě (dual first-person present)
kašьľajeta (dual present second-person)
kašьľajete (dual present third-person)
kašьľaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kašьľaste (aorist plural second-person)
kašьľašę (aorist plural third-person)
kašьľajemъ (first-person plural present)
kašьľajete (plural present second-person)
kašьľajǫtь (plural present third-person)
kašьľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kašьľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kašьľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kašьľaji (imperative second-person singular)
kašьľaji (imperative singular third-person)
kašьľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kašьľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kašьľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kašьľajivě (dual first-person imperative)
kašьľajita (dual imperative second-person)
kašьľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kašьľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kašьľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kašьľajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kašьľajite (imperative plural second-person)

Church Slavonic: кашьлꙗти (kašĭljati)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ка́шляць (kášljacʹ)

Russian: ка́шлять (kášljatʹ)

Ukrainian: ка́шляти (kášljaty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ка́шля (kášlja), ка́шлям (kášljam)

Macedonian: кашла (kašla)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ка̀шљати

Latin script: kàšljati

Slovene: kȃšljati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: kašlat

Polabian: koslĕ (3sg.)

Polish: kaszlać, kaszleć, kasłać

Slovak: kašlať

Slovincian: kaszlac

Sorbian:

⇒ Upper Sorbian: kašlować

Lower Sorbian: kašliś, kašlaś

Denominative verb derived from *kaš(ь)ľь (“cough”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kāˀsulia, *kāˀslia, from *kāˀs-, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₂s-.
Cognates include Lithuanian kósėti (“to cough”) (1sg. kósiu), kósti (“to cough”), Latvian kãsêt (“to cough”), Lithuanian kosulỹs (“cough”), Latvian kãsulis, kãsus, kãsa, kãsis (“cough”), Sanskrit कासते (kā́sate, “to cough”), कास (kāsa, “cough”), कासिका (kā́sikā, “cough”), Old High German huosto, hwuosto (“cough”), Old English hwōsta (“cough”), Albanian kollë (“cough”), Middle Irish cosachtach (“cough, coughing”), Welsh pâs (“whooping cough”).


vitь

b (accent-paradigm)
vĩtь (nominative singular)
vītì (dual nominative)
vītì (nominative plural)
vĩti (genitive singular)
vĩtьju (dual genitive)
vītь̀jь (genitive plural)
vītì (dative singular)
vĩtьma (dative dual)
vītь̀mъ (dative plural)
vĩtь (accusative singular)
vītì (accusative dual)
vītì (accusative plural)
vĩtьjǫ (instrumental singular)
vĩtьma (dual instrumental)
vĩtьmī (instrumental plural)
vĩti (locative singular)
vĩtьju (dual locative)
vītь̀xъ (locative plural)
viti (singular vocative)
vītì (dual vocative)
vītì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: вить (vitʹ)

South Slavic:

⇒ Serbo-Croatian: pȁvit

Slovene: vȋt (tonal orthography) (obsolete)

West Slavic:

Czech: vít

Old Polish: wić

Polish: wić

Slovak: viť

Slovincian: wjic


čajati

čàjati (canonical)
a (accent-paradigm)
čajanьje (noun-from-verb)
čajati (infinitive)
čajatъ (supine)
čajalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
čajanъ (participle passive past)
čajemъ (participle passive present)
čajavъ (active participle past)
čaję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
čajaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
čaja (aorist second-person singular)
čaja (aorist singular third-person)
čajǫ (first-person present singular)
čaješi (present second-person singular)
čajetь (present singular third-person)
čajaxově (aorist dual first-person)
čajasta (aorist dual second-person)
čajaste (aorist dual third-person)
čajevě (dual first-person present)
čajeta (dual present second-person)
čajete (dual present third-person)
čajaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
čajaste (aorist plural second-person)
čajašę (aorist plural third-person)
čajemъ (first-person plural present)
čajete (plural present second-person)
čajǫtь (plural present third-person)
čajaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
čajaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
čajaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
čaji (imperative second-person singular)
čaji (imperative singular third-person)
čajaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
čajaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
čajaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
čajivě (dual first-person imperative)
čajita (dual imperative second-person)
čajaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
čajaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
čajaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
čajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
čajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

i

Old East Slavic: чаꙗти (čajati) (11th century; accent paradigm a, with traces of c)

Russian: ча́ять (čájatʹ) (obsolete)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: чаꙗти (čajati)

Glagolitic: ⱍⰰⱑⱅⰹ (čaěti)

Bulgarian: ча́ем (čáem) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ча̏јати

Latin script: čȁjati

Slovene: čȃjati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: čáti (archaic or dialectal; Jungmann's dictionary)

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₁y-e-, from the root *kʷeh₁y- (Derksen's reconstruction; Rix prefers *kʷey-). Cognates include Avestan kауеiti, Sanskrit चायति (cā́yati, “to perceive, to observe”), Ancient Greek τίω (tíō, “to esteem, to respect”).


vixъrъ

vìxъrъ (canonical masculine)
a (accent-paradigm)
vixъrъ (nominative singular)
vixъra (dual nominative)
vixъri (nominative plural)
vixъra (genitive singular)
vixъru (dual genitive)
vixъrъ (genitive plural)
vixъru (dative singular)
vixъroma (dative dual)
vixъromъ (dative plural)
vixъrъ (accusative singular)
vixъra (accusative dual)
vixъry (accusative plural)
vixъrъmь (instrumental singular)
vixъromь (instrumental singular)
vixъroma (dual instrumental)
vixъrȳ (instrumental plural)
vixъrě (locative singular)
vixъru (dual locative)
vixъrě̄xъ (locative plural)
vixъre (singular vocative)
vixъra (dual vocative)
vixъri (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вихърь (vixŭrĭ)

Old Ruthenian: вихръ (vixr)

Belarusian: віхор (vixór)

Ukrainian: ви́хор (výxor)

Russian: вихрь (vixrʹ), вихо́р (vixór), (dialectal) ви́хор (víxor)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: вихъръ (vixŭrŭ)

Bulgarian: ви́хър (víhǎr)

Macedonian: виор (vior)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ви̏хор

Latin script: vȉhor

Slovene: vihȃr (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vichr

Czech: vichr

Bohemian (Chod dialect): věchar, vichar

Polabian: vaixår

Old Polish: wicher

Polish: wicher, (archaic) wichr

Slovak: víchor

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wichor

Lower Sorbian: wichor, (archaic) wichar

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: vihar

→ Romanian: vifor

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *weiˀšuras, *weiˀšulas (“whirlwind”).


xoxotati

xoxotanьje (noun-from-verb)
xoxotati (infinitive)
xoxotatъ (supine)
xoxotalъ (l-participle)
xoxotanъ (participle passive past)
xoxoťemъ (participle passive present)
xoxotavъ (active participle past)
xoxoťę (active participle present)
xoxotaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
xoxota (aorist second-person singular)
xoxota (aorist singular third-person)
xoxoťǫ (first-person present singular)
xoxoťeši (present second-person singular)
xoxoťetь (present singular third-person)
xoxotaxově (aorist dual first-person)
xoxotasta (aorist dual second-person)
xoxotaste (aorist dual third-person)
xoxoťevě (dual first-person present)
xoxoťeta (dual present second-person)
xoxoťete (dual present third-person)
xoxotaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
xoxotaste (aorist plural second-person)
xoxotašę (aorist plural third-person)
xoxoťemъ (first-person plural present)
xoxoťete (plural present second-person)
xoxoťǫtь (plural present third-person)
xoxotaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
xoxotaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
xoxotaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
xoxoťi (imperative second-person singular)
xoxoťi (imperative singular third-person)
xoxotaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
xoxotaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
xoxotaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
xoxoťivě (dual first-person imperative)
xoxoťita (dual imperative second-person)
xoxotaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
xoxotaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
xoxotaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
xoxoťimъ (first-person imperative plural)
xoxoťite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: хохота́ть (xoxotátʹ), 1sg. хохочу́ (xoxočú), 3sg. хохо́чет (xoxóčet)

Ukrainian: хохота́ти (xoxotáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Church Slavonic: хохотати (xoxotati)

Bulgarian: кикотя (kikotja)

Macedonian: се ки́коти (se kíkoti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: хохотати (archaic or rare)

Latin: hohotati (archaic or rare)

Slovene: hohotáti (tonal orthography), 1sg. hohotȃm, hohọ́čem (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: chochtat, 1sg. chochtám

Polish: chichotać

Slovak: chichotať sa, chychotať sa

Sorbian:

desc

Upper Sorbian: chachotać (“to laugh loudly”), chichotać (“to giggle”)

Lower Sorbian: chychotaś, chichotaś (“to giggle”)

Onomatopoeic. Compare Ancient Greek καχάζω (kakházō, “to laugh loudly”), Latin cachinnō (“to laugh loudly”),
Old Armenian խախանք (xaxankʻ, “laughter”), Proto-West Germanic *kahhattjan, Sanskrit कखति (kákhati, “to laugh”).


grajati

grajanьje (noun-from-verb)
grajati (infinitive)
grajatъ (supine)
grajalъ (l-participle)
grajavъ (active participle past)
graję (active participle present)
grajaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
graja (aorist second-person singular)
graja (aorist singular third-person)
grajǫ (first-person present singular)
graješi (present second-person singular)
grajetь (present singular third-person)
grajaxově (aorist dual first-person)
grajasta (aorist dual second-person)
grajaste (aorist dual third-person)
grajevě (dual first-person present)
grajeta (dual present second-person)
grajete (dual present third-person)
grajaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
grajaste (aorist plural second-person)
grajašę (aorist plural third-person)
grajemъ (first-person plural present)
grajete (plural present second-person)
grajǫtь (plural present third-person)
grajaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
grajaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
grajaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
graji (imperative second-person singular)
graji (imperative singular third-person)
grajaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
grajaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
grajaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
grajivě (dual first-person imperative)
grajita (dual imperative second-person)
grajaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
grajaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
grajaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
grajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
grajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: граꙗти (grajati)

Russian: гра́ять (grájatʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: гра́я (grája)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гра̏јати, гра́јати

Latin: grȁjati, grájati

Slovene: grājati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Polish: grać

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *grāˀ-, *grāˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to cry hoarsely”). Cognate with Lithuanian gróti (“to caw, to croak, to howl, to roar, to scold”) (1sg. gróju; also grióti, 1sg. grióju), Old High German krāen (“to crow”).


xorniti

xorňenьje (noun-from-verb)
xorniti (infinitive)
xornitъ (supine)
xornilъ (l-participle)
xorňenъ (participle passive past)
xornimъ (participle passive present)
xorňь (active participle past)
xornę (active participle present)
xornixъ (aorist first-person singular)
xorni (aorist second-person singular)
xorni (aorist singular third-person)
xorňǫ (first-person present singular)
xorniši (present second-person singular)
xornitь (present singular third-person)
xornixově (aorist dual first-person)
xornista (aorist dual second-person)
xorniste (aorist dual third-person)
xornivě (dual first-person present)
xornita (dual present second-person)
xornite (dual present third-person)
xornixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
xorniste (aorist plural second-person)
xornišę (aorist plural third-person)
xornimъ (first-person plural present)
xornite (plural present second-person)
xornętь (plural present third-person)
xorňaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
xorňaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
xorňaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
xorni (imperative second-person singular)
xorni (imperative singular third-person)
xorňaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
xorňaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
xorňaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
xornivě (dual first-person imperative)
xornita (dual imperative second-person)
xorňaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
xorňaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
xorňaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
xornimъ (first-person imperative plural)
xornite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: хоронити (xoroniti) (11th century)

Belarusian: харані́ць (xaranícʹ)

Russian: хорони́ть (xoronítʹ)

Ukrainian: хорони́ти (xoronýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: хранити (xraniti)

Glagolitic: ⱈⱃⰰⱀⰻⱅⰻ (xraniti)

Bulgarian: хра́ня (hránja)

Macedonian: храни (hrani)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: хра́нити

Latin: hrániti

Slovene: hrániti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: chrániti

Czech: chránit

Polabian: xornĕ (“to feed”, 3sg.)

Old Polish: chronić

Polish: chronić

desc

Slovak: chrániť (“to defend, to protect, to preserve”)

Slovincian: chônjic (“to protect”)

→ Romanian: hrăni (“to feed”)

Denominative verb from *xorna (“food, fodder”).
* Per Derksen, possibly a borrowing from Iranian (compare Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀 (xᵛar^əna, “food”).
* Per Vasmer, related to Latin servō (“to save”) (infinitive servāre), Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬉 (haraitē, “to beware, to take care”), 𐬵𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (haᵘruuaⁱti, “to guard”); the connection with Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀 (xᵛar^əna, “food”) is "difficult".


grǫziti

grǫženьje (noun-from-verb)
grǫziti (infinitive)
grǫzitъ (supine)
grǫzilъ (l-participle)
grǫženъ (participle passive past)
grǫzimъ (participle passive present)
grǫžь (active participle past)
grǫzę (active participle present)
grǫzixъ (aorist first-person singular)
grǫzi (aorist second-person singular)
grǫzi (aorist singular third-person)
grǫžǫ (first-person present singular)
grǫziši (present second-person singular)
grǫzitь (present singular third-person)
grǫzixově (aorist dual first-person)
grǫzista (aorist dual second-person)
grǫziste (aorist dual third-person)
grǫzivě (dual first-person present)
grǫzita (dual present second-person)
grǫzite (dual present third-person)
grǫzixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
grǫziste (aorist plural second-person)
grǫzišę (aorist plural third-person)
grǫzimъ (first-person plural present)
grǫzite (plural present second-person)
grǫzętь (plural present third-person)
grǫžaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
grǫžaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
grǫžaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
grǫzi (imperative second-person singular)
grǫzi (imperative singular third-person)
grǫžaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
grǫžaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
grǫžaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
grǫzivě (dual first-person imperative)
grǫzita (dual imperative second-person)
grǫžaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
grǫžaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
grǫžaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
grǫzimъ (first-person imperative plural)
grǫzite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: грузі́ць (hruzícʹ)

Middle Russian: грꙋзити (gruziti) (13th century?)

Russian: грузи́ть (gruzítʹ)

Ukrainian: грузи́ти (hruzýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: (погрѫзити (pogrǫziti))

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гру̏зити, гру̏жити

Latin: grȕziti, grȕžiti

Slovene: grozīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: hroužit

Polish: grążyć (obsolete)

Slovak: hrúžiť

Slovincian: grõzëc, grą̃zĕc

Causative of the root found in *gręzti (“to sink”). Compare also Lithuanian gramzdė́ti (“to sink”), gramzdýti (“to immerse”), gramzdìnti (“to immerse, to drown”).


gręzti

gręzenьje (noun-from-verb)
gręzti (infinitive)
gręztъ (supine)
gręzlъ (l-participle)
gręzъ (active participle past)
gręzy (active participle present)
gręzъ (aorist first-person singular)
gręzoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
gręze (aorist second-person singular)
gręze (aorist singular third-person)
gręzǫ (first-person present singular)
gręzeši (present second-person singular)
gręzetь (present singular third-person)
gręzově (aorist dual first-person)
gręzoxově (aorist dual first-person)
gręzeta (aorist dual second-person)
gręzosta (aorist dual second-person)
gręzete (aorist dual third-person)
gręzoste (aorist dual third-person)
gręzevě (dual first-person present)
gręzeta (dual present second-person)
gręzete (dual present third-person)
gręzomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gręzoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gręzete (aorist plural second-person)
gręzoste (aorist plural second-person)
gręzǫ (aorist plural third-person)
gręzošę (aorist plural third-person)
gręzemъ (first-person plural present)
gręzete (plural present second-person)
gręzǫtь (plural present third-person)
gręzěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gręzěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gręzěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gręzi (imperative second-person singular)
gręzi (imperative singular third-person)
gręzěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gręzěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gręzěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gręzěvě (dual first-person imperative)
gręzěta (dual imperative second-person)
gręzěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gręzěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gręzěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gręzěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
gręzěte (imperative plural second-person)
gręzenьje (noun-from-verb)
gręznǫti (infinitive)
gręznǫtъ (supine)
gręzlъ (l-participle)
gręzъ (active participle past)
gręzny (active participle present)
gręzъ (aorist first-person singular)
gręzoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
gręze (aorist second-person singular)
gręze (aorist singular third-person)
gręznǫ (first-person present singular)
gręzneši (present second-person singular)
gręznetь (present singular third-person)
gręzově (aorist dual first-person)
gręzoxově (aorist dual first-person)
gręzeta (aorist dual second-person)
gręzosta (aorist dual second-person)
gręzete (aorist dual third-person)
gręzoste (aorist dual third-person)
gręznevě (dual first-person present)
gręzneta (dual present second-person)
gręznete (dual present third-person)
gręzomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gręzoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gręzete (aorist plural second-person)
gręzoste (aorist plural second-person)
gręzǫ (aorist plural third-person)
gręzošę (aorist plural third-person)
gręznemъ (first-person plural present)
gręznete (plural present second-person)
gręznǫtь (plural present third-person)
gręzněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gręzněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gręzněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gręzni (imperative second-person singular)
gręzni (imperative singular third-person)
gręzněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gręzněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gręzněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gręzněvě (dual first-person imperative)
gręzněta (dual imperative second-person)
gręzněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gręzněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gręzněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gręzněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
gręzněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: *грꙗзти (*grjazti, “to sink, to wallow”), грꙗзуща (grjazušča) (11th century?)

West Slavic:

Polish: grząźć, ugrząźć

Kashubian: gřëzc

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *grimz-. Cognate with Lithuanian grim̃zti (“to sink”) (3sg. grim̃zta, 3sg. past grim̃zdo), Latvian grim̃t (“to sink”), grèmdêt (“to immerse”).
* Per Derksen, further connections uncertain.
* Per Vasmer, cognate with Gothic 𐌵𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌹𐌸𐌰 (qrammiþa, “humidity”), Latin grāmiae (“pus in the eye”, pl.), and possibly with Albanian kreth (“to dive into the water”) (passive kredhem, aorist ukrodha).


gręsti

gręstì (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
grędenьje (noun-from-verb)
gręsti (infinitive)
gręstъ (supine)
grędlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
grędenъ (participle passive past)
grędomъ (participle passive present)
grędъ (active participle past)
grędy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
grędъ (aorist first-person singular)
grędoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
gręde (aorist second-person singular)
gręde (aorist singular third-person)
grędǫ (first-person present singular)
grędeši (present second-person singular)
grędetь (present singular third-person)
grędově (aorist dual first-person)
grędoxově (aorist dual first-person)
grędeta (aorist dual second-person)
grędosta (aorist dual second-person)
grędete (aorist dual third-person)
grędoste (aorist dual third-person)
grędevě (dual first-person present)
grędeta (dual present second-person)
grędete (dual present third-person)
grędomъ (aorist first-person plural)
grędoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
grędete (aorist plural second-person)
grędoste (aorist plural second-person)
grędǫ (aorist plural third-person)
grędošę (aorist plural third-person)
grędemъ (first-person plural present)
grędete (plural present second-person)
grędǫtь (plural present third-person)
gręděaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gręděaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gręděaše (imperfect singular third-person)
grędi (imperative second-person singular)
grędi (imperative singular third-person)
gręděaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gręděašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gręděašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gręděvě (dual first-person imperative)
gręděta (dual imperative second-person)
gręděaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gręděašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gręděaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gręděmъ (first-person imperative plural)
gręděte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: грѧсти (11th century); грѣсти (grěsti) (11th century)

Russian: грясти́ (grjastí) (infinitive is dated)

Ukrainian: грясти́ (hrjastý)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: грѧсти

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: грядѫ́ (grjadǫ́) (archaic; Gerov's dictionary)

Macedonian: греде (grede) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: грѐсти, гре́сти

Latin: grèsti, grésti

Slovene: īti (tonal orthography) (suppletive present tense)

* Per Derksen, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *grid-, *grind-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰri-n-dʰ-, from the root *gʰreydʰ-. Cognate with Lithuanian grìdyti (“to go, to wander”) (1sg. grìdyju), Gothic 𐌲𐍂𐌹𐌳 (grid, “step”, acc. sg.), Middle High German grit (“step”), Old Irish in·greinn, do·greinn (“to persecute”).
* Per Vasmer, cognate as above, and also with Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬎𐬎𐬌𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬨𐬀𐬵𐬌 (aiuuigər^əδmahi, “we begin”), Sanskrit गृध्यति (gṛdhyati, “to be fast approaching something (?)”), Latin gradior (“to step”) (infinitive gradī). These words are normally reconstructed as coming from Proto-Indo-European *gʰredʰ-.

𐬀𐬌𐬎𐬎𐬌𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬨𐬀𐬵𐬌


glъxnǫti

glъšenьje (noun-from-verb)
glъxnǫti (infinitive)
glъxnǫtъ (supine)
glъxlъ (l-participle)
glъxъ (active participle past)
glъxny (active participle present)
glъxъ (aorist first-person singular)
glъxoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
glъše (aorist second-person singular)
glъše (aorist singular third-person)
glъxnǫ (first-person present singular)
glъxneši (present second-person singular)
glъxnetь (present singular third-person)
glъxově (aorist dual first-person)
glъxoxově (aorist dual first-person)
glъxeta (aorist dual second-person)
glъxosta (aorist dual second-person)
glъxete (aorist dual third-person)
glъxoste (aorist dual third-person)
glъxnevě (dual first-person present)
glъxneta (dual present second-person)
glъxnete (dual present third-person)
glъxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
glъxoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
glъxete (aorist plural second-person)
glъxoste (aorist plural second-person)
glъxǫ (aorist plural third-person)
glъxošę (aorist plural third-person)
glъxnemъ (first-person plural present)
glъxnete (plural present second-person)
glъxnǫtь (plural present third-person)
glъxněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
glъxněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
glъxněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
glъxni (imperative second-person singular)
glъxni (imperative singular third-person)
glъxněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
glъxněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
glъxněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
glъxněvě (dual first-person imperative)
glъxněta (dual imperative second-person)
glъxněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
glъxněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
glъxněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
glъxněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
glъxněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: глъхнꙋти (glŭxnuti)

Russian: гло́хнуть (glóxnutʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: глъ́хна (glǎ́hna)

desc/sl-tonal

⇒ Slovene: zagółhniti (tonal orthography) (obsolete)

West Slavic:

⇒ Old Czech: ohlechnúti

Czech: hlechnouti (archaic; Jungmann's dictionary)

⇒ Old Polish: okchnąć

From the zero-grade of the root of *glȗxъ (“deaf”) + *-nǫti. See *glȗxъ for further etymology. See also *gluxnǫti, restructured based on *glȗxъ.


gověti

gově̀ti (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
gověnьje (noun-from-verb)
gověti (infinitive)
govětъ (supine)
govělъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
gověnъ (participle passive past)
govějemъ (participle passive present)
gověvъ (active participle past)
gověję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
gověxъ (aorist first-person singular)
gově (aorist second-person singular)
gově (aorist singular third-person)
govějǫ (first-person present singular)
gověješi (present second-person singular)
govějetь (present singular third-person)
gověxově (aorist dual first-person)
gověsta (aorist dual second-person)
gověste (aorist dual third-person)
govějevě (dual first-person present)
govějeta (dual present second-person)
govějete (dual present third-person)
gověxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gověste (aorist plural second-person)
gověšę (aorist plural third-person)
govějemъ (first-person plural present)
govějete (plural present second-person)
govějǫtь (plural present third-person)
gověaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gověaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gověaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gověji (imperative second-person singular)
gověji (imperative singular third-person)
gověaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gověašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gověašete (dual imperfect third-person)
govějivě (dual first-person imperative)
govějita (dual imperative second-person)
gověaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gověašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gověaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
govějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
govějite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: говѣти (gověti)

Belarusian: гаве́ць (havjécʹ)

Russian: гове́ть (govétʹ)

Ukrainian: гові́ти (hovíty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: говѣти (gověti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: гове́я (govéja)

Macedonian: гувее (guvee)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: го̀вјети

Latin script: gòvjeti

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hověti

Czech: hovět

Slovak: hovieť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: howić

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰow-, from the root *gʷʰew-. Cognate with Latin faveō (“to favor, to show mercy”) (infinitive favēre), Old Norse gá (“to pay attention, to respect, to revere”), gaumr (“attention”), Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gaumjan, “to notice, to pay attention”). Also cognate with Lithuanian govė́ti (“to fast”), Latvian gavêt (“to fast”), but (per Derksen) both are borrowings from East Slavic.


jьzuti

a (accent-paradigm)
jьzutьje (noun-from-verb)
jьzuti (infinitive)
jьzutъ (supine)
jьzulъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
jьzutъ (participle passive past)
jьzujemъ (participle passive present)
jьzuvъ (active participle past)
jьzuję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
jьzuxъ (aorist first-person singular)
jьzu (aorist second-person singular)
jьzu (aorist singular third-person)
jьzujǫ (first-person present singular)
jьzuješi (present second-person singular)
jьzujetь (present singular third-person)
jьzuxově (aorist dual first-person)
jьzusta (aorist dual second-person)
jьzuste (aorist dual third-person)
jьzujevě (dual first-person present)
jьzujeta (dual present second-person)
jьzujete (dual present third-person)
jьzuxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
jьzuste (aorist plural second-person)
jьzušę (aorist plural third-person)
jьzujemъ (first-person plural present)
jьzujete (plural present second-person)
jьzujǫtь (plural present third-person)
jьzujaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
jьzujaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
jьzujaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
jьzuji (imperative second-person singular)
jьzuji (imperative singular third-person)
jьzujaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
jьzujaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
jьzujaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
jьzujivě (dual first-person imperative)
jьzujita (dual imperative second-person)
jьzujaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
jьzujaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
jьzujaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
jьzujimъ (first-person imperative plural)
jьzujite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: изꙋти (izuti) (11th century?)

Russian: изу́ть (izútʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: изути (izuti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: изу́я (izúja)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ѝзути

Latin script: ìzuti

Slovene: izúti (tonal orthography) (obsolete)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: zúti

Czech: zout

Old Polish: zuć

⇒ Polish: zzuć (archaic)

Slovak: zozuť (obsolete)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: zuć

Lower Sorbian: zuś

From *jьz + *uti (“to put on footwear”). Cognate with Lithuanian išaũti (“to take off footwear”), Latin exuō (“to take off, to take out”) (infinitive exuere), among others. See *obuti (“to put on footwear”) for further etymology.


gňiti

gňìti (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
gňitьje (noun-from-verb)
gňiti (infinitive)
gňitъ (supine)
gňilъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
gňivъ (active participle past)
gňьję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
gňixъ (aorist first-person singular)
gňi (aorist second-person singular)
gňi (aorist singular third-person)
gňьjǫ (first-person present singular)
gňьješi (present second-person singular)
gňьjetь (present singular third-person)
gňixově (aorist dual first-person)
gňista (aorist dual second-person)
gňiste (aorist dual third-person)
gňьjevě (dual first-person present)
gňьjeta (dual present second-person)
gňьjete (dual present third-person)
gňixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gňiste (aorist plural second-person)
gňišę (aorist plural third-person)
gňьjemъ (first-person plural present)
gňьjete (plural present second-person)
gňьjǫtь (plural present third-person)
gňьjaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gňьjaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gňьjaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gňьji (imperative second-person singular)
gňьji (imperative singular third-person)
gňьjaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gňьjaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gňьjaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gňьjivě (dual first-person imperative)
gňьjita (dual imperative second-person)
gňьjaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gňьjaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gňьjaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gňьjimъ (first-person imperative plural)
gňьjite (imperative plural second-person)
c (accent-paradigm)
gňitьje (noun-from-verb)
gňiti (infinitive)
gňitъ (supine)
gňilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
gňivъ (active participle past)
gňьję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
gňixъ (aorist first-person singular)
gňi (aorist second-person singular)
gňi (aorist singular third-person)
gňьjǫ (first-person present singular)
gňьješi (present second-person singular)
gňьjetь (present singular third-person)
gňixově (aorist dual first-person)
gňista (aorist dual second-person)
gňiste (aorist dual third-person)
gňьjevě (dual first-person present)
gňьjeta (dual present second-person)
gňьjete (dual present third-person)
gňixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gňiste (aorist plural second-person)
gňišę (aorist plural third-person)
gňьjemъ (first-person plural present)
gňьjete (plural present second-person)
gňьjǫtь (plural present third-person)
gňьjaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gňьjaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gňьjaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gňьji (imperative second-person singular)
gňьji (imperative singular third-person)
gňьjaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gňьjaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gňьjaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gňьjivě (dual first-person imperative)
gňьjita (dual imperative second-person)
gňьjaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gňьjaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gňьjaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gňьjimъ (first-person imperative plural)
gňьjite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гнити (gniti) (11th century)

Belarusian: гніць (hnicʹ)

Russian: гнить (gnitʹ)

Ukrainian: гни́ти (hnýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: гниѭщии (gnijǫštii, “suppurating”, dat. fem. sg. pres. act. part.)

Glagolitic: ⰃⰐⰋⰩⰛⰋⰋ (GNIJǫŠtII)

Bulgarian: гни́я (gníja)

Macedonian: гние (gnie)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гњи̏ти

Latin script: gnjȉti

Slovene: gníti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: gnic

Old Czech: hníti

Czech: hnít

Polish: gnić

Slovak: hniť

Slovincian: gnjic

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: hnić

Lower Sorbian: gniś

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰneyH- (given as *ǵʰn(e)iH- in Derksen, but the palatal *ǵ is likely a typo). Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek χνίει (khníei, “(it) drizzles, (it) crumbles”) (Hesychius), Proto-Germanic *gnīdaną.


gręznǫti

grę̑znǫti (canonical)
gręznǫ̀ti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
gręzenьje (noun-from-verb)
gręznǫti (infinitive)
gręznǫtъ (supine)
gręzlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
gręzъ (active participle past)
gręzny (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
gręzъ (aorist first-person singular)
gręzoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
gręze (aorist second-person singular)
gręze (aorist singular third-person)
gręznǫ (first-person present singular)
gręzneši (present second-person singular)
gręznetь (present singular third-person)
gręzově (aorist dual first-person)
gręzoxově (aorist dual first-person)
gręzeta (aorist dual second-person)
gręzosta (aorist dual second-person)
gręzete (aorist dual third-person)
gręzoste (aorist dual third-person)
gręznevě (dual first-person present)
gręzneta (dual present second-person)
gręznete (dual present third-person)
gręzomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gręzoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gręzete (aorist plural second-person)
gręzoste (aorist plural second-person)
gręzǫ (aorist plural third-person)
gręzošę (aorist plural third-person)
gręznemъ (first-person plural present)
gręznete (plural present second-person)
gręznǫtь (plural present third-person)
gręzněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gręzněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gręzněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gręzni (imperative second-person singular)
gręzni (imperative singular third-person)
gręzněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gręzněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gręzněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gręzněvě (dual first-person imperative)
gręzněta (dual imperative second-person)
gręzněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gręzněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gręzněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gręzněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
gręzněte (imperative plural second-person)
b (accent-paradigm)
gręzenьje (noun-from-verb)
gręznǫti (infinitive)
gręznǫtъ (supine)
gręzlъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
gręzъ (active participle past)
gręzny (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
gręzъ (aorist first-person singular)
gręzoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
gręze (aorist second-person singular)
gręze (aorist singular third-person)
gręznǫ (first-person present singular)
gręzneši (present second-person singular)
gręznetь (present singular third-person)
gręzově (aorist dual first-person)
gręzoxově (aorist dual first-person)
gręzeta (aorist dual second-person)
gręzosta (aorist dual second-person)
gręzete (aorist dual third-person)
gręzoste (aorist dual third-person)
gręznevě (dual first-person present)
gręzneta (dual present second-person)
gręznete (dual present third-person)
gręzomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gręzoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gręzete (aorist plural second-person)
gręzoste (aorist plural second-person)
gręzǫ (aorist plural third-person)
gręzošę (aorist plural third-person)
gręznemъ (first-person plural present)
gręznete (plural present second-person)
gręznǫtь (plural present third-person)
gręzněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gręzněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gręzněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gręzni (imperative second-person singular)
gręzni (imperative singular third-person)
gręzněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gręzněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gręzněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gręzněvě (dual first-person imperative)
gręzněta (dual imperative second-person)
gręzněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gręzněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gręzněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gręzněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
gręzněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: грѧзнꙋти (10th century)

Belarusian: гра́знуць (hráznucʹ)

Russian: гря́знуть (grjáznutʹ)

Ukrainian: гря́знути (hrjáznuty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: по-грѧзнѫти

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гре̏знути

Latin script: grȅznuti

Slovene: grẹ́zniti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hřáznuti

Czech: hřeznout

Polish: grzęznąć

Slovak: hriaznuť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: hrěznyć

Lower Sorbian: grěznuś (“to get stuck”)


gluxnǫti

East Slavic:

desc

Belarusian: глу́хнуць (hlúxnucʹ, “to become deaf”)

Ukrainian: глу́хнути (hlúxnuty, “to become deaf”)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: глу́хнѫ (glúhnǫ, “to become deaf”) (archaic; Gerov's dictionary)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: глу̏хнути (“to become deaf”), 1sg. глу̏хне̄м; глу̏нути (“to become deaf”)

Latin: glȕhnuti (“to become deaf”), 1sg. glȕhnēm; glȕnuti (“to become deaf”)

West Slavic:

Czech: hluchnout (“to become deaf”)

Polish: głuchnąć (“to become deaf, to become silent”)

Slovak: hluchnúť (“to become deaf”)

Slovincian: glëchnõc (“to become deaf”)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: hłuchnyć (“to become deaf”)

Lower Sorbian: głuchnuś (“to become deaf”)

From *glȗxъ (“deaf”) + *-nǫti. Restructured based on *glȗxъ from original *glъxnǫti. See *glȗxъ for further etymology.


ględěti

ględěnьje (noun-from-verb)
ględěti (infinitive)
ględětъ (supine)
ględělъ (l-participle)
ględěnъ (participle passive past)
ględimъ (participle passive present)
ględěvъ (active participle past)
ględę (active participle present)
ględěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
ględě (aorist second-person singular)
ględě (aorist singular third-person)
glęďǫ (first-person present singular)
ględiši (present second-person singular)
ględitь (present singular third-person)
ględěxově (aorist dual first-person)
ględěsta (aorist dual second-person)
ględěste (aorist dual third-person)
ględivě (dual first-person present)
ględita (dual present second-person)
ględite (dual present third-person)
ględěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
ględěste (aorist plural second-person)
ględěšę (aorist plural third-person)
ględimъ (first-person plural present)
ględite (plural present second-person)
ględętь (plural present third-person)
ględěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
ględěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
ględěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
ględi (imperative second-person singular)
ględi (imperative singular third-person)
ględěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
ględěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
ględěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
ględivě (dual first-person imperative)
ględita (dual imperative second-person)
ględěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
ględěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
ględěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
ględimъ (first-person imperative plural)
ględite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: глѧдѣти

Old Ruthenian: глѧдѣти, глꙗдѣти, гледѣти, глѧдѣть, гледзѣти (hljaděti, hljaděti, hleděti, hljadětʹ, hledzěti)

Belarusian: глядзе́ць (hljadzjécʹ)

гляді́ти, гле́діти

Ukrainian: гляді́ти, гле́діти (hljadíty, hlédity)

Russian: гляде́ть (gljadétʹ)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hleděti

Czech: hledět

Old Polish: ględzieć

Polish: ględzić (possibly)

Slovak: hľadieť