orati

oràti (canonical imperfective)
oranьje (noun-from-verb)
orati (infinitive)
oratъ (supine)
oralъ (l-participle)
oranъ (participle passive past)
ořemъ (participle passive present)
oravъ (active participle past)
ořę (active participle present)
oraxъ (aorist first-person singular)
ora (aorist second-person singular)
ora (aorist singular third-person)
ořǫ (first-person present singular)
ořeši (present second-person singular)
ořetь (present singular third-person)
oraxově (aorist dual first-person)
orasta (aorist dual second-person)
oraste (aorist dual third-person)
ořevě (dual first-person present)
ořeta (dual present second-person)
ořete (dual present third-person)
oraxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
oraste (aorist plural second-person)
orašę (aorist plural third-person)
ořemъ (first-person plural present)
ořete (plural present second-person)
ořǫtь (plural present third-person)
oraaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
oraaše (imperfect second-person singular)
oraaše (imperfect singular third-person)
oři (imperative second-person singular)
oři (imperative singular third-person)
oraaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
oraašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
oraašete (dual imperfect third-person)
ořivě (dual first-person imperative)
ořita (dual imperative second-person)
oraaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
oraašete (imperfect plural second-person)
oraaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
ořimъ (first-person imperative plural)
ořite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ара́ць (arácʹ)

Russian: ора́ть (orátʹ), 1sg. орю́ (orjú), 3sg. орёт (orjót) (archaic)

Ukrainian: ора́ти (oráty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: орати (orati)

Bulgarian: ора́ (orá)

Macedonian: ора (ora)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̀рати, 1sg. о̏ре̄м

Latin: òrati, 1sg. ȍrēm

Slovene: oráti (tonal orthography), 1sg. orȃm, órjem (tonal orthography); órati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: orati

Czech: orat

Kashubian: òrac

Polish: orać, 1sg. orzę

Slovak: orať

From earlier *orti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *árˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃- (“to plough”).

der

ortajь

*ortati (“to serve, to struggle with work”)


grupa

grupa (nominative singular)
grupě (dual nominative)
grupy (nominative plural)
grupy (genitive singular)
grupu (dual genitive)
grupъ (genitive plural)
grupě (dative singular)
grupama (dative dual)
grupamъ (dative plural)
grupǫ (accusative singular)
grupě (accusative dual)
grupy (accusative plural)
grupojǫ (instrumental singular)
grupǫ (instrumental singular)
grupama (dual instrumental)
grupami (instrumental plural)
grupě (locative singular)
grupu (dual locative)
grupasъ (locative plural)
grupaxъ (locative plural)
grupo (singular vocative)
grupě (dual vocative)
grupy (plural vocative)

West Slavic:

Polish: dial. grupa

Slovincian: grëpa

Uncertain. For semantic reasons, often compared to Proto-Slavic *grubъ (“rough, tough”) and Proto-Slavic *gruda (“lump”), Proto-Slavic *gruzdь (“fungus; spec. milk-cap mushroom”), Proto-Slavic *gruša (“ground grain, gravel”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrēw- (“to clump together ground material”). Under this etymology, akin (via other extensions) to Proto-Germanic *grunduz (“ground”), Proto-Germanic *greutą (“grit”), and Ancient Greek χρῶμᾰ (khrôma, “skin, complexion”).
In most daughter languages, a homonymous lemma with similar meaning was introduced from Italian gruppo (“group, cluster”) (via German) which has surpassed the native Slavic term.

cog

→ multiple, bunch


nevěsta

a (accent-paradigm)
nevě̀sta (nominative singular)
nevě̀stě (dual nominative)
nevě̀sty (nominative plural)
nevě̀sty (genitive singular)
nevě̀stu (dual genitive)
nevě̀stъ (genitive plural)
nevě̀stě (dative singular)
nevě̀stama (dative dual)
nevě̀stamъ (dative plural)
nevě̀stǫ (accusative singular)
nevě̀stě (accusative dual)
nevě̀sty (accusative plural)
nevě̀stojǫ (instrumental singular)
nevě̀stǭ (instrumental singular)
nevě̀stama (dual instrumental)
nevě̀stamī (instrumental plural)
nevě̀stě (locative singular)
nevě̀stu (dual locative)
nevě̀stasъ (locative plural)
nevě̀staxъ (locative plural)
nevě̀sto (singular vocative)
nevě̀stě (dual vocative)
nevě̀sty (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: невѣста (nevěsta)

Old Belarusian: невеста (nevesta)

Belarusian: няве́ста (njavjésta)

Middle Russian:

desctree

Russian: неве́ста (nevésta), невѣ́ста (nevě́sta) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Komi-Zyrian: невеста (ńevesta)

Old Ukrainian: невѣста (nevista)

Ukrainian: неві́ста (nevísta)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: невѣста (nevěsta)

Glagolitic script: ⱀⰵⰲⱑⱄⱅⰰ (nevěsta)

Macedonian: не́веста (névesta)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: нѐвеста

Latin script: nèvesta

Slovene: nevesta

West Slavic:

Old Czech: nevěsta

Czech: nevěsta

Bohemian (Chod dialect): nevěsta

Kashubian: niasta

Old Polish: niewiesta

Polish: niewiasta

Slovak: nevesta

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: njewjesta

Lower Sorbian: njewjesta

Non-Slavic:

→ Aromanian: nveastã, ãnveastã

→ Megleno-Romanian: niveastă

→ Romanian: nevastă


buga

buga (nominative singular)
budzě (dual nominative)
bugy (nominative plural)
bugy (genitive singular)
bugu (dual genitive)
bugъ (genitive plural)
budzě (dative singular)
bugama (dative dual)
bugamъ (dative plural)
bugǫ (accusative singular)
budzě (accusative dual)
bugy (accusative plural)
bugojǫ (instrumental singular)
bugǫ (instrumental singular)
bugama (dual instrumental)
bugami (instrumental plural)
budzě (locative singular)
bugu (dual locative)
bugasъ (locative plural)
bugaxъ (locative plural)
bugo (singular vocative)
budzě (dual vocative)
bugy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: бу́га (búga) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бу́га (búga) (regional, mainly in Western dialects)

Macedonian: буга (buga, “drench, mold”) (dialectal)

q

merged with the reflex of Ottoman Turkish <i class="Arab ota-Arab mention" lang="ota">بوگه</i> (büğe)

Serbian: бу̀га, possibly бу̏ђа (“mold, damp, dew”) (dialectal, merged with the reflex of Ottoman Turkish بوگه (büğe))

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *baugāˀ, of disputed origin:
* Vasmer, Georgiev: From Proto-Indo-European *bʰewgʰ- (“to curve, to bow”). Cognate with Latvian bauga (“marshy riverside, damp soil”) and akin to Proto-Celtic *buggos (“soft”) whence Irish bogach (“boggy ground”), English bog.
* W. Osten-Sacken: Reflecting an underlying *bǫga, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeng- (“to breach, to split”), perhaps a nasalized biform of *bʰeg- (“to break”). Cognate with Lithuanian bangà (“wave, billow”), Latvian buoga (“cleansed area within a field”), possibly further akin to Proto-Germanic *bankô (“enbankment, shore”), Sanskrit भङ्ग (bhaṅgá, “breach, fold, ripple”). Usually met with scepticism by other Slavists, but note nonetheless regional Russian бу́жать (búžatʹ, “to dig sand/clay from a riverbank”) - per Vasmer, likely a derivative of descendant Russian бу́га (búga).
Unclear if related to either of Old Church Slavonic боугъ (bugŭ, “armband”), dial. Bulgarian бу́гла (búgla, “wedding pendant”) (seemingly cognate with Proto-Germanic *baugaz (“bracelet, badge”)); Russian буго́р (bugór, “hillock; strong wirlwind”); or hydronym *Bugъ, whence Western Bug, Southern Bug.

cog

→ drenching, grime, mold (in Macedonian, Serbian)

→ ooze, mudge, soft silt (in Russian)

wetland, slough, marsh (per Georgiev (BER): originally sharp riparian bend where water subsides after flood)


veslo

veslò (canonical neuter)
b (accent-paradigm)
veslò (nominative singular)
vèslě (dual nominative)
veslà (nominative plural)
veslà (genitive singular)
veslù (dual genitive)
vèslъ (genitive plural)
veslù (dative singular)
veslòma (dative dual)
veslòmъ (dative plural)
veslò (accusative singular)
vèslě (accusative dual)
veslà (accusative plural)
veslъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
veslòmь (instrumental singular)
veslòma (dual instrumental)
vèsly (instrumental plural)
veslě̀ (locative singular)
veslù (dual locative)
vèslěxъ (locative plural)
veslò (singular vocative)
vèslě (dual vocative)
veslà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: весло (veslo)

Old Ruthenian: весло (veslo)

Belarusian: вясло́ (vjasló)

Carpathian Rusyn: весло (veslo)

Ukrainian: весло́ (vesló)

Russian: весло́ (vesló)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: весло (veslo)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: весло́ (vesló)

Macedonian: ве́сло (véslo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: вѐсло

Latin script: vèslo

Slovene: veslo

West Slavic:

Old Czech: veslo

Czech: veslo

Polabian: veslü

Old Polish: wiosło

Polish: wiosło

Slovak: veslo

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wjasło

Upper Sorbian: wjesło

Non-Slavic languages:

→ Romanian: vâslă

→ Yiddish: וועסלע (vesle)

From Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ-tlom / *weǵʰ-s-lom, from *weǵʰ- (“to transport”). Direct cognate of Latin vēlum (“sail”). Morphologically *vezti + *-slo.


vydra

vỳdra (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
vỳdra (nominative singular)
vỳdrě (dual nominative)
vỳdry (nominative plural)
vỳdry (genitive singular)
vỳdru (dual genitive)
vỳdrъ (genitive plural)
vỳdrě (dative singular)
vỳdrama (dative dual)
vỳdramъ (dative plural)
vỳdrǫ (accusative singular)
vỳdrě (accusative dual)
vỳdry (accusative plural)
vỳdrojǫ (instrumental singular)
vỳdrǭ (instrumental singular)
vỳdrama (dual instrumental)
vỳdramī (instrumental plural)
vỳdrě (locative singular)
vỳdru (dual locative)
vỳdrasъ (locative plural)
vỳdraxъ (locative plural)
vỳdro (singular vocative)
vỳdrě (dual vocative)
vỳdry (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вꙑ́дра (výdra)

Russian: вы́дра (výdra)

Old Belarusian: вы́дра (výdra)

Belarusian: вы́дра (výdra)

Old Ukrainian: вы́дра (výdra)

Ukrainian: ви́дра (výdra)

→ Yiddish: ווידרע (vidre)

Old Novgorodian: воудра (vudra)

→ Russian: вудра́ (vudrá) (Pskov dialect)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ви́дра (vídra)

Macedonian: видра (vidra)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ви̏дра

Latin script: vȉdra

Slovene: vīdra (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: vydra

Kashubian: wëdra

Polish: wydra

Slovak: vydra

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wudra

Lower Sorbian: wudra

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: vidër

→ Greek: βίδρα (vídra)

→ Hungarian: vidra

→ Romanian: vidră

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ū́ˀdrāˀ (“otter”), from Proto-Indo-European *udréh₂ (“otter”), the feminine form of *udrós (“of water, aquatic”), from the root *wed- (“water”).


divadlo

divadlo (nominative singular)
divadlě (dual nominative)
divadla (nominative plural)
divadla (genitive singular)
divadlu (dual genitive)
divadlъ (genitive plural)
divadlu (dative singular)
divadloma (dative dual)
divadlomъ (dative plural)
divadlo (accusative singular)
divadlě (accusative dual)
divadla (accusative plural)
divadlъmь (instrumental singular)
divadlomь (instrumental singular)
divadloma (dual instrumental)
divadly (instrumental plural)
divadlě (locative singular)
divadlu (dual locative)
divadlěxъ (locative plural)
divadlo (singular vocative)
divadlě (dual vocative)
divadla (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: дива́ло (dyválo)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: divadlo

Czech: divadlo

→ Old Polish: dziwadło

Polish: dziwadło

Old Slovak: divadlo

Slovak: divadlo

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: dzëwadło

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: źiwadło

Upper Sorbian: dźiwadło

(North Slavic) something astonishing, unusual, peculiar, something to look at


bitva

bìtva (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
bìtva (nominative singular)
bìtvě (dual nominative)
bìtvy (nominative plural)
bìtvy (genitive singular)
bìtvu (dual genitive)
bìtvъ (genitive plural)
bìtvě (dative singular)
bìtvama (dative dual)
bìtvamъ (dative plural)
bìtvǫ (accusative singular)
bìtvě (accusative dual)
bìtvy (accusative plural)
bìtvojǫ (instrumental singular)
bìtvǭ (instrumental singular)
bìtvama (dual instrumental)
bìtvamī (instrumental plural)
bìtvě (locative singular)
bìtvu (dual locative)
bìtvasъ (locative plural)
bìtvaxъ (locative plural)
bìtvo (singular vocative)
bìtvě (dual vocative)
bìtvy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old Belarusian: битва (bitva)

Belarusian: бітва (bitva)

Russian: би́тва (bítva)

Ukrainian: би́тва (býtva)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: битва (bitva)

Slovene: bitva

West Slavic:

Czech: bitva

Old Polish: bitwa

Polish: bitwa

Silesian: bitwŏ

Slovak: bitva

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *bī́ˀtwāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰih₂-tweh₂, from *bʰeyh₂- (“to strike, hew”) + *-tweh₂. Equivalent to *biti + *-tva.


pelti

pèlti (canonical imperfective)
peltьje (noun-from-verb)
pelti (infinitive)
peltъ (supine)
pellъ (l-participle)
peltъ (participle passive past)
peľemъ (participle passive present)
pelvъ (active participle past)
peľę (active participle present)
pelsъ (aorist first-person singular)
pel (aorist second-person singular)
pel (aorist singular third-person)
peľǫ (first-person present singular)
peľeši (present second-person singular)
peľetь (present singular third-person)
pelsově (aorist dual first-person)
pelsta (aorist dual second-person)
pelste (aorist dual third-person)
peľevě (dual first-person present)
peľeta (dual present second-person)
peľete (dual present third-person)
pelsomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pelste (aorist plural second-person)
pelsę (aorist plural third-person)
peľemъ (first-person plural present)
peľete (plural present second-person)
peľǫtь (plural present third-person)
peľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
peľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
peľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
peľi (imperative second-person singular)
peľi (imperative singular third-person)
peľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
peľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
peľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
peľivě (dual first-person imperative)
peľita (dual imperative second-person)
peľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
peľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
peľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
peľimъ (first-person imperative plural)
peľite (imperative plural second-person)
peltьje (noun-from-verb)
pelti (infinitive)
peltъ (supine)
pellъ (l-participle)
peltъ (participle passive past)
pelvomъ (participle passive present)
pelvъ (active participle past)
pelvy (active participle present)
pelsъ (aorist first-person singular)
pel (aorist second-person singular)
pel (aorist singular third-person)
pelvǫ (first-person present singular)
pelveši (present second-person singular)
pelvetь (present singular third-person)
pelsově (aorist dual first-person)
pelsta (aorist dual second-person)
pelste (aorist dual third-person)
pelvevě (dual first-person present)
pelveta (dual present second-person)
pelvete (dual present third-person)
pelsomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pelste (aorist plural second-person)
pelsę (aorist plural third-person)
pelvemъ (first-person plural present)
pelvete (plural present second-person)
pelvǫtь (plural present third-person)
pelěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pelěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pelěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pelvi (imperative second-person singular)
pelvi (imperative singular third-person)
pelěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pelěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pelěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pelvěvě (dual first-person imperative)
pelvěta (dual imperative second-person)
pelěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pelěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pelěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pelvěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
pelvěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: пало́ць (palócʹ)

Russian: поло́ть (polótʹ)

Ukrainian: поло́ти (polóty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: плѣвома (plěvoma, fem. nom. sg. pres. pass. part.)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: плевя́ (plevjá)

Macedonian: плеви (plevi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пље̏ти

Latin script: pljȅti

Slovene: plẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: plít

Polish: pleć

Slovak: pleť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: plěć

Lower Sorbian: plaś

* Per Derksen, conceivably connected with Ancient Greek πάλλω (pállō, “to sway, to swing”), from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₁-, but perhaps more plausibly connected with *pèlva (“chaff”), from Proto-Indo-European *pelH-u-, from *pelH-, cognate with Sanskrit पलाव (palā́va, “chaff, husks”). Compare *pālìti.
* Vasmer also connects this verb with *pèlva (“chaff”), but gives different cognates: Lithuanian spãliai (“linen flax”), Latvian spil̃va (“husk”), Latin spolium (“hide stripped off an animal, prey”), Ancient Greek ἄσπαλον (áspalon, “hide”) (Hesychius), σπόλια (spólia, “clean-plucked wool from sheep's legs”) (Hesychius), Sanskrit फलति (phálati, “to burst”), स्फटति (spháṭati, “to tear”), स्फाटयति (sphāṭáyati, “to split”), Old High German spaltan (“to split”), German spalten (“to split”).


soliti

soľenьje (noun-from-verb)
soliti (infinitive)
solitъ (supine)
solilъ (l-participle)
soľenъ (participle passive past)
solimъ (participle passive present)
soľь (active participle past)
solę (active participle present)
solixъ (aorist first-person singular)
soli (aorist second-person singular)
soli (aorist singular third-person)
soľǫ (first-person present singular)
soliši (present second-person singular)
solitь (present singular third-person)
solixově (aorist dual first-person)
solista (aorist dual second-person)
soliste (aorist dual third-person)
solivě (dual first-person present)
solita (dual present second-person)
solite (dual present third-person)
solixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
soliste (aorist plural second-person)
solišę (aorist plural third-person)
solimъ (first-person plural present)
solite (plural present second-person)
solętь (plural present third-person)
soľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
soľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
soľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
soli (imperative second-person singular)
soli (imperative singular third-person)
soľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
soľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
soľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
solivě (dual first-person imperative)
solita (dual imperative second-person)
soľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
soľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
soľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
solimъ (first-person imperative plural)
solite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: салі́ць (salícʹ)

Russian: соли́ть (solítʹ)

Ukrainian: соли́ти (solýty)

South Slavic

Bulgarian: соля̀ (soljà)

Macedonian: соли (soli)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: со̀лити

Latin script: sòliti

West Slavic

Czech: solit

Polish: solić

Old Slovak:

Pannonian Rusyn: солїц (soljic)


jamo

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: ꙗмо (jamo, “whereto”), амо (amo), ꙗму (jamu, “whereto”)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: амо (amo, “hereto”)

Macedonian: амо (amo, “hereto”)

Serbo-Croatian: а̑мо (“hereto”)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jamo, jam

Old Polish: jamo (“whereto”)

From *jь + *-mo or from Proto-Indo-European *e- / *o-.


medovina

medovina (nominative singular)
medovině (dual nominative)
medoviny (nominative plural)
medoviny (genitive singular)
medovinu (dual genitive)
medovinъ (genitive plural)
medovině (dative singular)
medovinama (dative dual)
medovinamъ (dative plural)
medovinǫ (accusative singular)
medovině (accusative dual)
medoviny (accusative plural)
medovinojǫ (instrumental singular)
medovinǫ (instrumental singular)
medovinama (dual instrumental)
medovinami (instrumental plural)
medovině (locative singular)
medovinu (dual locative)
medovinasъ (locative plural)
medovinaxъ (locative plural)
medovino (singular vocative)
medovině (dual vocative)
medoviny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: медови́на (medovína) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: медовина (medovina)

Glagolitic script: ⰿⰵⰴⱁⰲⰻⱀⰰ (medovina)

Bulgarian: медови́на (medovína)

Macedonian: медовина (medovina)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мѐдовина

Latin script: mèdovina

Slovene: mẹ̑dovina (tonal orthography), medovína

West Slavic:

Old Czech: medovina

Czech: medovina

Polish: miodowina (dialectal)

Slovak: medovina

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: mjodowina

Upper Sorbian: mjedowina

Non-Slavic:

→ Byzantine Greek: μουδουβίνα (moudoubína)

→ Greek: μεδοβίνα (medovína)


trovati

trovanьje (noun-from-verb)
trovati (infinitive)
trovatъ (supine)
trovalъ (l-participle)
trovanъ (participle passive past)
trujemъ (participle passive present)
trovavъ (active participle past)
truję (active participle present)
trovaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
trova (aorist second-person singular)
trova (aorist singular third-person)
trujǫ (first-person present singular)
truješi (present second-person singular)
trujetь (present singular third-person)
trovaxově (aorist dual first-person)
trovasta (aorist dual second-person)
trovaste (aorist dual third-person)
trujevě (dual first-person present)
trujeta (dual present second-person)
trujete (dual present third-person)
trovaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
trovaste (aorist plural second-person)
trovašę (aorist plural third-person)
trujemъ (first-person plural present)
trujete (plural present second-person)
trujǫtь (plural present third-person)
trovaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
trovaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
trovaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
truji (imperative second-person singular)
truji (imperative singular third-person)
trovaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
trovaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
trovaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
trujivě (dual first-person imperative)
trujita (dual imperative second-person)
trovaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
trovaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
trovaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
trujimъ (first-person imperative plural)
trujite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тро̀вати, 1sg. тру̏је̄м

Latin: tròvati, 1sg. trȕjēm

Slovene: trováti (tonal orthography), 1sg. trújem (tonal orthography)

From Proto-Indo-European *trouH-. Compare Proto-Slavic *truti, *tryti.


badati

bādàti (canonical imperfective)
badanьje (noun-from-verb)
badati (infinitive)
badatъ (supine)
badalъ (l-participle)
badanъ (participle passive past)
badajemъ (participle passive present)
badavъ (active participle past)
badaję (active participle present)
badaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
bada (aorist second-person singular)
bada (aorist singular third-person)
badajǫ (first-person present singular)
badaješi (present second-person singular)
badajetь (present singular third-person)
badaxově (aorist dual first-person)
badasta (aorist dual second-person)
badaste (aorist dual third-person)
badajevě (dual first-person present)
badajeta (dual present second-person)
badajete (dual present third-person)
badaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
badaste (aorist plural second-person)
badašę (aorist plural third-person)
badajemъ (first-person plural present)
badajete (plural present second-person)
badajǫtь (plural present third-person)
badaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
badaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
badaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
badaji (imperative second-person singular)
badaji (imperative singular third-person)
badaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
badaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
badaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
badajivě (dual first-person imperative)
badajita (dual imperative second-person)
badaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
badaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
badaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
badajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
badajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: бадати (badati)

Ukrainian: бадати (badaty), бада́ты (badáty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бадàкам (badàkam, “to sew carefully, to work slowly”) (extended with *-kati)

⇒ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: уба́дати

Latin script: ubádati

West Slavic:

Czech: bádat

desctree

Old Polish: badać
Polish: badać
Silesian: badać

Slovak: bádať

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: badac

Slovincian: badac

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: badaś

Lengthened grade of *bosti + *-ati from Proto-Indo-European *bʰedʰh₂- (“to pierce”). Akin to Latvian badît, Lithuanian badýti.


divina

Slavic (South West)
divina (nominative singular)
divině (dual nominative)
diviny (nominative plural)
diviny (genitive singular)
divinu (dual genitive)
divinъ (genitive plural)
divině (dative singular)
divinama (dative dual)
divinamъ (dative plural)
divinǫ (accusative singular)
divině (accusative dual)
diviny (accusative plural)
divinojǫ (instrumental singular)
divinǫ (instrumental singular)
divinama (dual instrumental)
divinami (instrumental plural)
divině (locative singular)
divinu (dual locative)
divinasъ (locative plural)
divinaxъ (locative plural)
divino (singular vocative)
divině (dual vocative)
diviny (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: (dialectal) дѝвина (dìvina), дѝвина̀ (dìvinà)

Macedonian: дивина (divina)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дивљѝна, (obsolete) дивѝна, (dialectal) диви̏на

Latin script: divljìna, (obsolete) divìna, (dialectal) divȉna

Slovene: divjína

West Slavic:

Czech: (Moravian) divina

Slovak: divina

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: źiwina

Upper Sorbian: dźiwina

From *divъ (“intact, wild; wild, feral”) + *-ina. For sense 3 compare German Wildfleisch.


dyra

dyrà (canonical feminine)
dyra (nominative singular)
dyrě (dual nominative)
dyry (nominative plural)
dyry (genitive singular)
dyru (dual genitive)
dyrъ (genitive plural)
dyrě (dative singular)
dyrama (dative dual)
dyramъ (dative plural)
dyrǫ (accusative singular)
dyrě (accusative dual)
dyry (accusative plural)
dyrojǫ (instrumental singular)
dyrǫ (instrumental singular)
dyrama (dual instrumental)
dyrami (instrumental plural)
dyrě (locative singular)
dyru (dual locative)
dyrasъ (locative plural)
dyraxъ (locative plural)
dyro (singular vocative)
dyrě (dual vocative)
dyry (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дꙑрꙗ (dyrja)

Russian: дыра́ (dyrá)

West Slavic:

Polabian: dară

U-vocalism of Proto-Slavic *dira, from the intensive stem of *dъrati (“to tear”) + *-a, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to tear”). Trubachev explains *-y- with the influence of prefixed forms in Proto-Slavic *u- such as Proto-Slavic *udъriti (“to flench”), which hardened the root vowel. A similar development is attested in Lithuanian dùrti (“to stab, to prick”), Latvian dur̃t (“to stab, to prick”).


molta

molta (nominative singular)
moltě (dual nominative)
molty (nominative plural)
molty (genitive singular)
moltu (dual genitive)
moltъ (genitive plural)
moltě (dative singular)
moltama (dative dual)
moltamъ (dative plural)
moltǫ (accusative singular)
moltě (accusative dual)
molty (accusative plural)
moltojǫ (instrumental singular)
moltǫ (instrumental singular)
moltama (dual instrumental)
moltami (instrumental plural)
moltě (locative singular)
moltu (dual locative)
moltasъ (locative plural)
moltaxъ (locative plural)
molto (singular vocative)
moltě (dual vocative)
molty (plural vocative)


soti

sopnǫti (perfective)
sotьje (noun-from-verb)
soti (infinitive)
sotъ (supine)
solъ (l-participle)
sotъ (participle passive past)
sopomъ (participle passive present)
sovъ (active participle past)
sopy (active participle present)
soxъ (aorist first-person singular)
so (aorist second-person singular)
so (aorist singular third-person)
sopǫ (first-person present singular)
sopeši (present second-person singular)
sopetь (present singular third-person)
soxově (aorist dual first-person)
sosta (aorist dual second-person)
soste (aorist dual third-person)
sopevě (dual first-person present)
sopeta (dual present second-person)
sopete (dual present third-person)
soxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
soste (aorist plural second-person)
sošę (aorist plural third-person)
sopemъ (first-person plural present)
sopete (plural present second-person)
sopǫtь (plural present third-person)
sopěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sopěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sopěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sopi (imperative second-person singular)
sopi (imperative singular third-person)
sopěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sopěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sopěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sopěvě (dual first-person imperative)
sopěta (dual imperative second-person)
sopěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sopěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sopěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sopěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
sopěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: сапці́ (sapcí)

Ukrainian: сопти́ (soptý) (dialectal, obsolete)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

desc

Old Cyrillic script: соти (soti), сопсти (sopsti, “to play a flute”)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱁⱅⰺ (soti), ⱄⱁⱂⱄⱅⰺ (sopsti)

Slovene: sópsti (tonal orthography)

Probably reflects an archaic perfect of otherwise disputed root:
* Meillet, Vasmer: Derived from Proto-Indo-European *ḱep- (“to blow, to grunt”), akin to Sanskrit शपति (śapati, “to curse, to blame”).
* Snoj: From Proto-Indo-European *swep- (“to sleep”) (presumably originally: “to breathe heavily”), with counterparts in Baltic such as Lithuanian svėpúoti (“to inhale”), Latvian svēpēt (“to smoke”).


děti

děnǫti (perfective)
děvati (perfective)
dětьje (noun-from-verb)
děti (infinitive)
dětъ (supine)
dělъ (l-participle)
dětъ (participle passive past)
děvъ (active participle past)
děxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dě (aorist second-person singular)
dě (aorist singular third-person)
deďǫ (first-person present singular)
deďeši (present second-person singular)
deďetь (present singular third-person)
děxově (aorist dual first-person)
děsta (aorist dual second-person)
děste (aorist dual third-person)
deďevě (dual first-person present)
deďeta (dual present second-person)
deďete (dual present third-person)
děxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
děste (aorist plural second-person)
děšę (aorist plural third-person)
deďemъ (first-person plural present)
deďete (plural present second-person)
deďǫtь (plural present third-person)
deďi (imperative second-person singular)
deďi (imperative singular third-person)
deďivě (dual first-person imperative)
deďita (dual imperative second-person)
deďimъ (first-person imperative plural)
deďite (imperative plural second-person)
dětьje (noun-from-verb)
děti (infinitive)
dětъ (supine)
dělъ (l-participle)
dětъ (participle passive past)
děvъ (active participle past)
děxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dě (aorist second-person singular)
dě (aorist singular third-person)
děnǫ (first-person present singular)
děneši (present second-person singular)
děnetь (present singular third-person)
děxově (aorist dual first-person)
děsta (aorist dual second-person)
děste (aorist dual third-person)
děnevě (dual first-person present)
děneta (dual present second-person)
děnete (dual present third-person)
děxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
děste (aorist plural second-person)
děšę (aorist plural third-person)
děnemъ (first-person plural present)
děnete (plural present second-person)
děnǫtь (plural present third-person)
děni (imperative second-person singular)
děni (imperative singular third-person)
děněvě (dual first-person imperative)
děněta (dual imperative second-person)
děněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
děněte (imperative plural second-person)
dětьje (noun-from-verb)
děti (infinitive)
dětъ (supine)
dělъ (l-participle)
dětъ (participle passive past)
dějemъ (participle passive present)
děvъ (active participle past)
děję (active participle present)
děxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dě (aorist second-person singular)
dě (aorist singular third-person)
dějǫ (first-person present singular)
děješi (present second-person singular)
dějetь (present singular third-person)
děxově (aorist dual first-person)
děsta (aorist dual second-person)
děste (aorist dual third-person)
dějevě (dual first-person present)
dějeta (dual present second-person)
dějete (dual present third-person)
děxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
děste (aorist plural second-person)
děšę (aorist plural third-person)
dějemъ (first-person plural present)
dějete (plural present second-person)
dějǫtь (plural present third-person)
děaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
děaše (imperfect second-person singular)
děaše (imperfect singular third-person)
ději (imperative second-person singular)
ději (imperative singular third-person)
děaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
děašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
děašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dějivě (dual first-person imperative)
dějita (dual imperative second-person)
děaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
děašete (imperfect plural second-person)
děaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dějite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: дзець (dzjecʹ)

Russian: деть (detʹ)

Ukrainian: ді́ти (díty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: дѣти (děti)

Bulgarian: де́я (déja) (archaic)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дети

Latin script: deti

Slovene: dẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dieti
Czech: dít

desctree

Old Polish: dziać
Polish: dziać
Silesian: dziŏć

Old Slovak: diať

Slovak: diať

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: dzôc

Slovincian: dzoc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: dźeć

Lower Sorbian: źaś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dḗˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁ti, from *dʰeh₁- (“do; put”).

→ to put on (clothes)

(transitive) to thread, to hitch, to process


děti

c (accent-paradigm)
dě̑ti (nominative plural)
dětь̀jь (genitive plural)
dě̑tьmъ (dative plural)
dě̑ti (accusative plural)
dětьmì (instrumental plural)
dě̑tьxъ (locative plural)
dě̑ti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: дзе́ці (dzjéci)

Russian: де́ти (déti)

Ukrainian: ді́ти (díty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: дѣти (děti)

Bulgarian: де́ти (déti) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Czech: děti

Kashubian: dzecë

Polish: dzieci

Slovak: deti

Slovincian: ʒìe̯cä


pola

pola (nominative singular)
polě (dual nominative)
poly (nominative plural)
poly (genitive singular)
polu (dual genitive)
polъ (genitive plural)
polě (dative singular)
polama (dative dual)
polamъ (dative plural)
polǫ (accusative singular)
polě (accusative dual)
poly (accusative plural)
polojǫ (instrumental singular)
polǫ (instrumental singular)
polama (dual instrumental)
polami (instrumental plural)
polě (locative singular)
polu (dual locative)
polasъ (locative plural)
polaxъ (locative plural)
polo (singular vocative)
polě (dual vocative)
poly (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: пола (pola)

Old Ruthenian: пола (pola)

Ukrainian: пола́ (polá)

Russian: пола́ (polá)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: пола́ (polá)

West Slavic:

Polish: poła

Either a semantic variation of *polъ via the specialization “half of suit/dress” → skirt or derived from *polti (“to twine, to wind, to lace”).


dupa

dupa (nominative singular)
dupě (dual nominative)
dupy (nominative plural)
dupy (genitive singular)
dupu (dual genitive)
dupъ (genitive plural)
dupě (dative singular)
dupama (dative dual)
dupamъ (dative plural)
dupǫ (accusative singular)
dupě (accusative dual)
dupy (accusative plural)
dupojǫ (instrumental singular)
dupǫ (instrumental singular)
dupama (dual instrumental)
dupami (instrumental plural)
dupě (locative singular)
dupu (dual locative)
dupasъ (locative plural)
dupaxъ (locative plural)
dupo (singular vocative)
dupě (dual vocative)
dupy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *дупа (*dupa)

Old Ruthenian: ду́па (dúpa)

Belarusian: ду́па (dúpa)

Ukrainian: ду́па (dúpa)

Russian: ду́па (dúpa), дуп m (dup)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: ду́пка (dúpka), дупе n (dupe), дуп m (dup)

Macedonian: дупка (dupka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ду̏пка, ду̏пе n

Latin: dȕpka, dȕpe n

Slovene: dúpa (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dúpa, dúpě

Czech: doupa, dupa, doupě n

Kashubian: dupa

Polish: dupa

Slovak: dúpa

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: dupa

Lower Sorbian: dupa, duṕe n

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *daupāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰowp-eh₂, from *dʰewp-, alternative form of *dʰewbʰ- (“deep”). Doublet of *ďupa. Alternatively a Germanic borrowing.
Compare Lithuanian daubà (“ravine, hole, burrow”), Proto-Germanic *deupaz (> Gothic 𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍀𐍃 (diups, “deep”))


mene

jãzъ (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
ty̑ (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
mę̑ (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
tę̑ (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sę̑ (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mȅne (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
tȅbe (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
sȅbe (genitive personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mьně̀ (first-person locative personal pronoun singular)
tebě̀ (locative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sebě̀ (locative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mьně̀ (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
tebě̀ (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
ti (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sebě̀ (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
si (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mъnòjǫ (first-person instrumental personal pronoun singular)
mъnojǫ̀ (first-person instrumental personal pronoun singular)
tobòjǫ (instrumental personal pronoun second-person singular)
tobojǫ̀ (instrumental personal pronoun second-person singular)
sobòjǫ (instrumental personal pronoun reflexive singular)
sobojǫ̀ (instrumental personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mojь (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
tvojь (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
svojь (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular)
vě̑ (dual first-person nominative personal pronoun)
vȃ (dual nominative personal pronoun second-person)
nȃ (accusative dual first-person personal pronoun)
vȃ (accusative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sę̑ (accusative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
nàju (dual first-person genitive personal pronoun)
vàju (dual genitive personal pronoun second-person)
sȅbe (dual genitive personal pronoun reflexive)
nàju (dual first-person locative personal pronoun)
vàju (dual locative personal pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (dual locative personal pronoun reflexive)
nàma (dative dual first-person personal pronoun)
vàma (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
va (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
si (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
nàma (dual first-person instrumental personal pronoun)
vàma (dual instrumental personal pronoun second-person)
sobòjǫ (dual instrumental personal pronoun reflexive)
sobojǫ̀ (dual instrumental personal pronoun reflexive)
našь (dual first-person personal possessive pronoun)
vašь (dual personal possessive pronoun second-person)
svojь (dual personal possessive pronoun reflexive)
my̑ (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
vy̑ (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
ny̑ (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
vy̑ (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sę̑ (accusative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàsъ (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
vàsъ (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
sȅbe (genitive personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàsъ (first-person locative personal plural pronoun)
vàsъ (locative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (locative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàmъ (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
vàmъ (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
si (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàmi (first-person instrumental personal plural pronoun)
vàmi (instrumental personal plural pronoun second-person)
sobòjǫ (instrumental personal plural pronoun reflexive)
sobojǫ̀ (instrumental personal plural pronoun reflexive)
našь (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
vašь (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
svojь (personal plural possessive pronoun reflexive)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: мяне́ (mjanjé)

Russian: меня́ (menjá) (< *menę, a blend of genitive *mene and accusative *mę)

Ukrainian: мене (mene)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: мене (mene)

Bulgarian: ме́не (méne)

Macedonian: мене (mene)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ме̏не

Latin script: mȅne

Slovene: mene

West Slavic: *mьne by analogy with dative/locative

Czech: mne

Polish: mnie

Slovak: mňa

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: mje

Upper Sorbian: mnje


osoba

osoba (nominative singular)
osobě (dual nominative)
osoby (nominative plural)
osoby (genitive singular)
osobu (dual genitive)
osobъ (genitive plural)
osobě (dative singular)
osobama (dative dual)
osobamъ (dative plural)
osobǫ (accusative singular)
osobě (accusative dual)
osoby (accusative plural)
osobojǫ (instrumental singular)
osobǫ (instrumental singular)
osobama (dual instrumental)
osobami (instrumental plural)
osobě (locative singular)
osobu (dual locative)
osobasъ (locative plural)
osobaxъ (locative plural)
osobo (singular vocative)
osobě (dual vocative)
osoby (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: асо́ба (asóba)

Russian: осо́ба (osóba)

Ukrainian: осо́ба (osóba)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: особа (osoba)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̏соба

Latin script: ȍsoba

Slovene: oséba

West Slavic:

Old Czech: osoba
Czech: osoba

desctree

Old Polish: osoba
Polish: osoba
Silesian: ôsoba

Slovak: osoba

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: òsoba

Slovincian: wôsôba

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wosoba

→ Lower Sorbian: wósoba


kruša

krùša (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
krùša (nominative singular)
krùši (dual nominative)
krùšę̇ (nominative plural)
krùšę̇ (genitive singular)
krùšu (dual genitive)
krùšь (genitive plural)
krùšī (dative singular)
krùšama (dative dual)
krùšāmъ (dative plural)
krùšǫ (accusative singular)
krùši (accusative dual)
krùšę̇ (accusative plural)
krùšējǫ (instrumental singular)
krùšǭ (instrumental singular)
krùšama (dual instrumental)
krùšāmī (instrumental plural)
krùšī (locative singular)
krùšu (dual locative)
krùšāsъ (locative plural)
krùše (singular vocative)
krùši (dual vocative)
krùšę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: гру́ша (hrúša)

Russian: гру́ша (grúša)

Ukrainian: гру́ша (hrúša)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: кру́ша (krúša)

Macedonian: кру́ша (krúša)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: крушка

Latin script: kruška

Slovene: hruška

West Slavic:

Kashubian: krëszka

Old Czech: hrušě, hruška

Czech: hruška

Polabian: grausåi

Polish: grusza, gruszka

Slovak: hruška

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: krušwa

Lower Sorbian: kšuška

From *grušiti or *krušiti + *-ja, called so after its pulp. Cognate with Lithuanian kriaušė, Latvian krause (“pear tree”).


dolga

dolga (nominative singular)
doldzě (dual nominative)
dolgy (nominative plural)
dolgy (genitive singular)
dolgu (dual genitive)
dolgъ (genitive plural)
doldzě (dative singular)
dolgama (dative dual)
dolgamъ (dative plural)
dolgǫ (accusative singular)
doldzě (accusative dual)
dolgy (accusative plural)
dolgojǫ (instrumental singular)
dolgǫ (instrumental singular)
dolgama (dual instrumental)
dolgami (instrumental plural)
doldzě (locative singular)
dolgu (dual locative)
dolgasъ (locative plural)
dolgaxъ (locative plural)
dolgo (singular vocative)
doldzě (dual vocative)
dolgy (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: дла́га (dlága) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian: (dialectal)

Cyrillic script: дла́га, дла̑г m

Latin script: dlága, dlȃg m

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dláha, dlaha

Czech: dláha

Slovak: dlaha

Sorbian:

⇒ Lower Sorbian: dłožka, dłožica (dialectal)

Uncertain. Likely akin to Lithuanian dalgùs/dilgùs (“prickly”), dal̃gis (“scythe”), Latvian dalgs (“scythe”), Old Prussian doalgis (“scythe”).
Per Derksen (supported by Kroonen), further origin perhaps from "Northern" Proto-Indo-European *delgʰ- (“to carve, to shape”), whence also Proto-Germanic *talgijaną (“to carve”). Alternative proposals suggest:
* Mikkola, Pedersen: Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dʰelg- ~ *dʰalg- (“pricking tool”), cognate with Proto-Germanic *dalkaz (“pin, dagger”), Latin falx (“sickle”).
* Berneker, Machek, Freankel: Effectively from Proto-Indo-European *dolh₁- (“to split, to cleave”) + *-ga, akin to Old Irish dlongaid (“to split”) (via another extension).


stěna

stěnà (canonical feminine)
c (accent-paradigm)
stěnà (nominative singular)
stě̑ně (dual nominative)
stě̑ny (nominative plural)
stěný (genitive singular)
stěnù (dual genitive)
stě̃nъ (genitive plural)
stěně̀ (dative singular)
stěnàma (dative dual)
stěnàmъ (dative plural)
stě̑nǫ (accusative singular)
stě̑ně (accusative dual)
stě̑ny (accusative plural)
stěnojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
stěnàma (dual instrumental)
stěnàmi (instrumental plural)
stě̑ně (locative singular)
stěnù (dual locative)
stěnàsъ (locative plural)
stěnàxъ (locative plural)
stěno (singular vocative)
stě̑ně (dual vocative)
stě̑ny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: стѣна (stěna)

Belarusian: сцяна́ (scjaná)

Russian: стена́ (stená)

Ukrainian: стіна́ (stiná)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: стѣна (stěna)

Glagolitic: ⱄⱅⱑⱀⰰ (stěna)

Bulgarian: стена́ (stená)

Macedonian: стена (stena)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сте́на, стије́на, стѝна (“rock”)

Latin: sténa, stijéna, stìna (“rock”)

Slovene: stẹ́na (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: stěna

Czech: stěna

desctree

Old Polish: ściana
Polish: ściana
Silesian: ściana

Old Slovak: stena

Slovak: stena

Polabian: sťonă

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: scana

Slovincian: scana

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: sćěna

Lower Sorbian: sćěna

Non-Slavic:

Romanian: stană

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *staiˀnā́ˀ. Cognate with Proto-West Germanic *stain (“stone”), Ancient Greek στῖον (stîon, “pebble”) and Sanskrit स्त्यायते (styāyate, “hardens, solidifies”).


volga

vòlga (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
vòlga (nominative singular)
vòldzě (dual nominative)
vòlgy (nominative plural)
vòlgy (genitive singular)
vòlgu (dual genitive)
vòlgъ (genitive plural)
vòldzě (dative singular)
vòlgama (dative dual)
vòlgamъ (dative plural)
vòlgǫ (accusative singular)
vòldzě (accusative dual)
vòlgy (accusative plural)
vòlgojǫ (instrumental singular)
vòlgǭ (instrumental singular)
vòlgama (dual instrumental)
vòlgamī (instrumental plural)
vòldzě (locative singular)
vòlgu (dual locative)
vòlgasъ (locative plural)
vòlgaxъ (locative plural)
vòlgo (singular vocative)
vòldzě (dual vocative)
vòlgy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: волога (vologa)

Old Ruthenian: воло́га (volóha)

desc

Belarusian: вало́га (valóha), (dialectal) валіга (valiha)

Ukrainian: воло́га (volóha)

Russian: (dialectal) воло́га (vológa)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: влага (vlaga)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⰾⰰⰳⰰ (vlaga)

Bulgarian: вла́га (vlága)

Macedonian: влага (vlaga)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: вла̏га

Latin script: vlȁga

Slovene: vlága (tonal orthography)

→ Aromanian: vlagã

→ Romanian: vlagă

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vláha

Czech: vláha

Bohemian (Chod dialect): vláha

Slovak: vlaha

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: włoha

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wálˀgāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *wolg-eh₂, from *welg- (“moist; wet”). Cognate with Albanian lagë (“moisture”), Latvian pa-val̃ga, Lithuanian pa-valgà, Old Prussian welgen, Proto-Germanic *wulkaną.


vina

vinà (canonical feminine)
c (accent-paradigm)
vinà (nominative singular)
vȋně (dual nominative)
vȋny (nominative plural)
viný (genitive singular)
vinù (dual genitive)
vĩnъ (genitive plural)
vině̀ (dative singular)
vinàma (dative dual)
vinàmъ (dative plural)
vȋnǫ (accusative singular)
vȋně (accusative dual)
vȋny (accusative plural)
vinojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
vinàma (dual instrumental)
vinàmi (instrumental plural)
vȋně (locative singular)
vinù (dual locative)
vinàsъ (locative plural)
vinàxъ (locative plural)
vino (singular vocative)
vȋně (dual vocative)
vȋny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вина (vina)

Old Ruthenian: вина (vina)

Belarusian: віна́ (viná)

Ukrainian: вина́ (vyná)

Russian: вина́ (viná)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: вина (vina)

Bulgarian: вина́ (viná)

Macedonian: вина (vina)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vina

Czech: vina

Old Polish: wina

Polish: wina

Slovak: vina

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wina

Upper Sorbian: wina

Non-Slavic

→ Romanian: vină

Fossilized verbal noun of otherwise obsolete Proto-Balto-Slavic *wīˀtei (“to persecute”) + *-na, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁- (“to hunt, to chase”). Akin to Latvian vaĩna (“guilt”), Lithuanian vainà (“guilt”) (with o-grade ablaut).


sirota

sirota (nominative singular)
sirotě (dual nominative)
siroty (nominative plural)
siroty (genitive singular)
sirotu (dual genitive)
sirotъ (genitive plural)
sirotě (dative singular)
sirotama (dative dual)
sirotamъ (dative plural)
sirotǫ (accusative singular)
sirotě (accusative dual)
siroty (accusative plural)
sirotojǫ (instrumental singular)
sirotǫ (instrumental singular)
sirotama (dual instrumental)
sirotami (instrumental plural)
sirotě (locative singular)
sirotu (dual locative)
sirotasъ (locative plural)
sirotaxъ (locative plural)
siroto (singular vocative)
sirotě (dual vocative)
siroty (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сирота (sirota)

Old Belarusian: сирота (sirota)

Belarusian: сірата́ (siratá)

Russian: сирота́ (sirotá)

Old Ukrainian: сирота (sirota)

Ukrainian: сирота́ (syrotá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сирота (sirota)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⰻⱃⱁⱅⰰ (sirota)

Bulgarian: сирота́ (sirotá)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сиро̀та

Latin script: siròta

Slovene: sirota

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sirota

Czech: sirota

Old Polish: sirota

Polish: sierota

Slovak: sirota

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: syrota

Upper Sorbian: syrota

be:Аляксандр Мікалаевіч Булыка
uk:Гринчишин Дмитро Григорович


měna

měnà (canonical feminine)
b (accent-paradigm)
mě̄nà (nominative singular)
mě̃ně (dual nominative)
mě̄nỳ (nominative plural)
mě̄nỳ (genitive singular)
mě̄nù (dual genitive)
mě̃nъ (genitive plural)
mě̄ně̀ (dative singular)
mě̄nàma (dative dual)
mě̄nàmъ (dative plural)
mě̄nǫ̀ (accusative singular)
mě̃ně (accusative dual)
mě̄nỳ (accusative plural)
mě̄nòjǫ (instrumental singular)
mě̃nǫ (instrumental singular)
mě̄nàma (dual instrumental)
mě̄nàmī (instrumental plural)
mě̄ně̀ (locative singular)
mě̄nù (dual locative)
mě̄nàsъ (locative plural)
mě̄nàxъ (locative plural)
měno (singular vocative)
mě̃ně (dual vocative)
mě̄nỳ (plural vocative)
c (accent-paradigm)
měnà (nominative singular)
mě̑ně (dual nominative)
mě̑ny (nominative plural)
měný (genitive singular)
měnù (dual genitive)
mě̃nъ (genitive plural)
měně̀ (dative singular)
měnàma (dative dual)
měnàmъ (dative plural)
mě̑nǫ (accusative singular)
mě̑ně (accusative dual)
mě̑ny (accusative plural)
měnojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
měnàma (dual instrumental)
měnàmi (instrumental plural)
mě̑ně (locative singular)
měnù (dual locative)
měnàsъ (locative plural)
měnàxъ (locative plural)
měno (singular vocative)
mě̑ně (dual vocative)
mě̑ny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мѣна (měna) (15th century; accent paradigm b or c)

Belarusian: ме́на (mjéna)

Russian: ме́на (ména), мена́ (mená) (Yaroslavl and Arkhangelsk dialectal)

Ukrainian: мі́на (mína)

Carpathian Rusyn: міна (mina)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мѣна (měna)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: мя́на (mjána), мена́ (mená)

Macedonian: мена (mena)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мијѐна

Latin script: mijèna

Slovene: mẹ́na (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: měna

Czech: měna

Polish: miana

Slovak: mena

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: měna

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *maināˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *moi-n-, from the root *mey- (“to change”). Baltic cognates include Lithuanian maĩnas (“exchange”), Latvian maîna, maĩņa (“exchange”). Other Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit मेना (ménā, “concubine”), Old High German mein (“false, deceitful”), Latin commūnis (“common”) (Old Latin commoinis), Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (gamains, “common, collective”), Sanskrit मयते (máyate), मिनाति (mināti, “to change”), Ancient Greek μοῖνος (moînos, “gratitude, reward”), Latin mūnus (“obligation; office; gift”) (gen. mūneris), Old Irish móin, máin (“jewel”).


vila

vila (nominative singular)
vilě (dual nominative)
vily (nominative plural)
vily (genitive singular)
vilu (dual genitive)
vilъ (genitive plural)
vilě (dative singular)
vilama (dative dual)
vilamъ (dative plural)
vilǫ (accusative singular)
vilě (accusative dual)
vily (accusative plural)
vilojǫ (instrumental singular)
vilǫ (instrumental singular)
vilama (dual instrumental)
vilami (instrumental plural)
vilě (locative singular)
vilu (dual locative)
vilasъ (locative plural)
vilaxъ (locative plural)
vilo (singular vocative)
vilě (dual vocative)
vily (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: вила (vila)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⰻⰾⰰ (vila)

Bulgarian: вила (vila)

Macedonian: вила (vila)

Unknown. Sometimes compared with *viljati or vyti. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁- (“to blow (of wind)”).

der

(South Slavic) A kind of female nature spirit with supernatural powers, similar to a nymph or a fairy.


krajina

krajina (nominative singular)
krajině (dual nominative)
krajiny (nominative plural)
krajiny (genitive singular)
krajinu (dual genitive)
krajinъ (genitive plural)
krajině (dative singular)
krajinama (dative dual)
krajinamъ (dative plural)
krajinǫ (accusative singular)
krajině (accusative dual)
krajiny (accusative plural)
krajinojǫ (instrumental singular)
krajinǫ (instrumental singular)
krajinama (dual instrumental)
krajinami (instrumental plural)
krajině (locative singular)
krajinu (dual locative)
krajinasъ (locative plural)
krajinaxъ (locative plural)
krajino (singular vocative)
krajině (dual vocative)
krajiny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: краина (kraina)
Old Ruthenian: краина (kraina)
Belarusian: краі́на (kraína)
Carpathian Rusyn: краи́на (kraýna)
Ukrainian: краї́на (krajína)
Russian: краи́на (kraína)

South Slavic:

Macedonian: краина (kraina)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кра̏јина

Latin script: krȁjina

Slovene: krájina, krȃjina

West Slavic:

Old Czech: krajina

Czech: krajina

Polish: kraina

Slovak: krajina

Slovincian: krajina

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: krajina

Upper Sorbian: krajina


pravidlo

pràvidlo (canonical neuter)
a (accent-paradigm)
pràvidlo (nominative singular)
pràvidlě (dual nominative)
pràvidla (nominative plural)
pràvidla (genitive singular)
pràvidlu (dual genitive)
pràvidlъ (genitive plural)
pràvidlu (dative singular)
pràvidloma (dative dual)
pràvidlomъ (dative plural)
pràvidlo (accusative singular)
pràvidlě (accusative dual)
pràvidla (accusative plural)
pràvidlъmь (instrumental singular)
pràvidlomь (instrumental singular)
pràvidloma (dual instrumental)
pràvidlȳ (instrumental plural)
pràvidlě (locative singular)
pràvidlu (dual locative)
pràvidlě̄xъ (locative plural)
pràvidlo (singular vocative)
pràvidlě (dual vocative)
pràvidla (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: пра́вило (právilo)

Old Ruthenian: правило (pravilo)

Belarusian: пра́віла (právila)

Ukrainian: пра́вило (právylo)

Russian: пра́вило (právilo)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: правило (pravilo)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⱃⰰⰲⰻⰾⱁ (pravilo)

Bulgarian: пра́вило (právilo)

Macedonian: правило (pravilo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пра̏вило

Latin script: prȁvilo

Slovene: pravilo (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: pravidlo

Czech: pravidlo

Old Polish: prawidło

Polish: prawidło

Slovak: pravidlo

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: prawidło

Lower Sorbian: pšawidło

Non-Slavic:

→ Ingrian: praavila

→ Romanian: pravilă


bedro

bedrò (canonical)
bȅdro (canonical neuter)
b (accent-paradigm)
bedrò (nominative singular)
bèdrě (dual nominative)
bedrà (nominative plural)
bedrà (genitive singular)
bedrù (dual genitive)
bèdrъ (genitive plural)
bedrù (dative singular)
bedròma (dative dual)
bedròmъ (dative plural)
bedrò (accusative singular)
bèdrě (accusative dual)
bedrà (accusative plural)
bedrъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
bedròmь (instrumental singular)
bedròma (dual instrumental)
bèdry (instrumental plural)
bedrě̀ (locative singular)
bedrù (dual locative)
bèdrěxъ (locative plural)
bedrò (singular vocative)
bèdrě (dual vocative)
bedrà (plural vocative)
c (accent-paradigm)
bȅdro (nominative singular)
bȅdrě (dual nominative)
bedrà (nominative plural)
bȅdra (genitive singular)
bedrù (dual genitive)
bèdrъ (genitive plural)
bȅdru (dative singular)
bedromà (dative dual)
bedròmъ (dative plural)
bȅdro (accusative singular)
bȅdrě (accusative dual)
bedrà (accusative plural)
bȅdrъmь (instrumental singular)
bȅdromь (instrumental singular)
bedromà (dual instrumental)
bedrý (instrumental plural)
bȅdrě (locative singular)
bedrù (dual locative)
bedrě̃xъ (locative plural)
bedro (singular vocative)
bȅdrě (dual vocative)
bedrà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old Belarusian: бедро (bedro)

Belarusian: бядро́ (bjadró)

Russian: бедро́ (bedró)

Ukrainian: бедро́ (bedró)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бедро́ (bedró)

Macedonian: бе́дро (bédro)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бѐдро

Latin script: bèdro

Slovene: bédro (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: bedro

Czech: bedra pl

Kashubian: biodro, wiodro

Old Polish: biodro

Polish: biodro

Silesian: biedro

Slovak: bedro

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: bjedro

Lower Sorbian: b́edro (archaic)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *bedra, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰedʰróm. Has been compared to Old Armenian պորտ (port).


baviti

bàviti (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
bavľenьje (noun-from-verb)
baviti (infinitive)
bavitъ (supine)
bavilъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
bavľenъ (participle passive past)
bavimъ (participle passive present)
bavľь (active participle past)
bavę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
bavixъ (aorist first-person singular)
bavi (aorist second-person singular)
bavi (aorist singular third-person)
bavľǫ (first-person present singular)
baviši (present second-person singular)
bavitь (present singular third-person)
bavixově (aorist dual first-person)
bavista (aorist dual second-person)
baviste (aorist dual third-person)
bavivě (dual first-person present)
bavita (dual present second-person)
bavite (dual present third-person)
bavixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
baviste (aorist plural second-person)
bavišę (aorist plural third-person)
bavimъ (first-person plural present)
bavite (plural present second-person)
bavętь (plural present third-person)
bavľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bavľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bavľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bavi (imperative second-person singular)
bavi (imperative singular third-person)
bavľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bavľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bavľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bavivě (dual first-person imperative)
bavita (dual imperative second-person)
bavľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bavľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bavľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bavimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bavite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old Ruthenian: ба́вити (báviti)

Belarusian: ба́віць (bávicʹ)

Ukrainian: ба́вити (bávyty)

Russian: -ба́вить (-bávitʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ба́вя (bávja)

Macedonian: бави (bavi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ба̏вити

Latin script: bȁviti

Slovene: báviti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: bavit

Old Polish: bawić

Polish: bawić

Slovak: baviť

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: bawic

Slovincian: bawjic

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰoHu-eye-, from *bʰuH-. Morphologically *byti + *-iti.
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian bùvintis (“to sojourn”). Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit भावयति (bhāváyati, “to cause to be, cherish, refresh”).

cog

(by extension) → to delay


ovamo

Church Slavonic: овамо (ovamo, “thereto (?)”)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: овамо (ovamo, “hither; there”)

Middle Russian: овамо (ovamo, “hither”)

Russian: овамо (ovamo, “there; hither”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: овамо (ovamo, “hither (?)”)

Bulgarian: ова́мо (ovámo, “hereto”), Bulgarian: ова́м (ovám), Bulgarian: ва́мр (vámr)

Macedonian: ваму (vamu, “hereto; here”)

Serbo-Croatian: ovamo (“hereto; here”)

Slovene: ovam (“hither”)

West Slavic:

Polish: owam (“in another place”), usually in the phrase "tam i owam", meaning "here and there". Additionally, this phrase can also contain the word 'siam' to give a rather exaggerated meaning of 'in every place'.


že

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: же (že)
Old Ruthenian: же (že)
Belarusian: жа (ža)
Carpathian Rusyn: же (že)
Ukrainian: же (že), ж (ž)
Russian: же (že), ж (ž)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: же (že)

Glagolitic script: ⰶⰵ (že)

q

Serbo-Croatian: (archaic, only survives as non-productive suffix)

Cyrillic script: ре

Latin script: re

Slovene: re (archaic, only survives as non-productive suffix)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: że

Old Czech: že, ježe, eže, ež
Czech: že

Old Polish: że
Polish: że
Silesian: że

Slovak: že

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: že (archaic)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ge, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰe (“emphatic particle”), cognate with Sanskrit घ (gha, “at least, at any rate”) and akin to Sanskrit हि (hi, “for, on account of, indeed”).


kuti

Alternative form of *kovàti (“to forge”)


plavati

plàvati (canonical)
a (accent-paradigm)
plavanьje (noun-from-verb)
plavati (infinitive)
plavatъ (supine)
plavalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
plavanъ (participle passive past)
plavajemъ (participle passive present)
plavavъ (active participle past)
plavaję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
plavaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
plava (aorist second-person singular)
plava (aorist singular third-person)
plavajǫ (first-person present singular)
plavaješi (present second-person singular)
plavajetь (present singular third-person)
plavaxově (aorist dual first-person)
plavasta (aorist dual second-person)
plavaste (aorist dual third-person)
plavajevě (dual first-person present)
plavajeta (dual present second-person)
plavajete (dual present third-person)
plavaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
plavaste (aorist plural second-person)
plavašę (aorist plural third-person)
plavajemъ (first-person plural present)
plavajete (plural present second-person)
plavajǫtь (plural present third-person)
plavaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
plavaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
plavaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
plavaji (imperative second-person singular)
plavaji (imperative singular third-person)
plavaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
plavaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
plavaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
plavajivě (dual first-person imperative)
plavajita (dual imperative second-person)
plavaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
plavaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
plavaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
plavajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
plavajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: плавати (plavati)

Belarusian: пла́ваць (plávacʹ)

Russian: пла́вать (plávatʹ)

Ukrainian: пла́вати (plávaty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: плавати (plavati)

Bulgarian: пла́вам (plávam)

Macedonian: плива (pliva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: (пли̏вати)

Latin: (plȉvati)

Slovene: plávati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: plavat

Old Polish: pławać

Slovak: plávať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: (płuwaś)

Per Vasmer, formed from *plàviti on the basis of the common iterative suffix *-vati. See *plàviti for etymology.


dajati

c (accent-paradigm)
dajanьje (noun-from-verb)
dajati (infinitive)
dajatъ (supine)
dajalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
dajanъ (participle passive past)
dajemъ (participle passive present)
dajavъ (active participle past)
daję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
dajaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
daja (aorist second-person singular)
daja (aorist singular third-person)
dajǫ (first-person present singular)
daješi (present second-person singular)
dajetь (present singular third-person)
dajaxově (aorist dual first-person)
dajasta (aorist dual second-person)
dajaste (aorist dual third-person)
dajevě (dual first-person present)
dajeta (dual present second-person)
dajete (dual present third-person)
dajaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dajaste (aorist plural second-person)
dajašę (aorist plural third-person)
dajemъ (first-person plural present)
dajete (plural present second-person)
dajǫtь (plural present third-person)
dajaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dajaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dajaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
daji (imperative second-person singular)
daji (imperative singular third-person)
dajaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dajaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dajaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dajivě (dual first-person imperative)
dajita (dual imperative second-person)
dajaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dajaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dajaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic: даꙗти (dajati)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: даꙗти (dajati)

Slovene: dajáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Polish: dajać


goditi

godìti (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
goďenьje (noun-from-verb)
goditi (infinitive)
goditъ (supine)
godilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
goďenъ (participle passive past)
godimъ (participle passive present)
goďь (active participle past)
godę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
godixъ (aorist first-person singular)
godi (aorist second-person singular)
godi (aorist singular third-person)
goďǫ (first-person present singular)
godiši (present second-person singular)
goditь (present singular third-person)
godixově (aorist dual first-person)
godista (aorist dual second-person)
godiste (aorist dual third-person)
godivě (dual first-person present)
godita (dual present second-person)
godite (dual present third-person)
godixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
godiste (aorist plural second-person)
godišę (aorist plural third-person)
godimъ (first-person plural present)
godite (plural present second-person)
godętь (plural present third-person)
goďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
goďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
goďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
godi (imperative second-person singular)
godi (imperative singular third-person)
goďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
goďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
goďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
godivě (dual first-person imperative)
godita (dual imperative second-person)
goďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
goďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
goďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
godimъ (first-person imperative plural)
godite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: годи́ти (godíti)

Old Ruthenian: годи́ти (hodíti)

Belarusian: гадзі́ць (hadzícʹ)

Ukrainian: годи́ти (hodýty)

desc

Russian: годи́ть (godítʹ) (dialectal), годи́ться (godítʹsja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: годѧ (present active participle)

Glagolitic script: [Term?]

Bulgarian: годя̀ се (godjà se)

Macedonian: годи (godi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: го̀дити

Latin script: gòditi

Slovene: godīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hoditi

Czech: hodit

Kashubian: gòdzëc

Polish: godzić

Slovak: hodiť

Slovincian: gôdzëc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: hodźić

Lower Sorbian: góźiś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gad-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰodʰ-, from the root *gʰedʰ-. Cognate with Latvian gadîtiês (“to happen”), Lithuanian guõdas (“honor, worship, hospitality”), Latvian gòds (“honor, wedding, banquet”), Proto-Germanic *gōdaz (“good”) (whence English good).


plesti

plestì (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
pletenьje (noun-from-verb)
plesti (infinitive)
plestъ (supine)
pletlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
pletenъ (participle passive past)
pletomъ (participle passive present)
pletъ (active participle past)
plety (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
pletъ (aorist first-person singular)
pletoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
plete (aorist second-person singular)
plete (aorist singular third-person)
pletǫ (first-person present singular)
pleteši (present second-person singular)
pletetь (present singular third-person)
pletově (aorist dual first-person)
pletoxově (aorist dual first-person)
pleteta (aorist dual second-person)
pletosta (aorist dual second-person)
pletete (aorist dual third-person)
pletoste (aorist dual third-person)
pletevě (dual first-person present)
pleteta (dual present second-person)
pletete (dual present third-person)
pletomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pletoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pletete (aorist plural second-person)
pletoste (aorist plural second-person)
pletǫ (aorist plural third-person)
pletošę (aorist plural third-person)
pletemъ (first-person plural present)
pletete (plural present second-person)
pletǫtь (plural present third-person)
pletěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pletěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pletěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pleti (imperative second-person singular)
pleti (imperative singular third-person)
pletěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pletěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pletěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pletěvě (dual first-person imperative)
pletěta (dual imperative second-person)
pletěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pletěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pletěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pletěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
pletěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: плести (plesti)

Belarusian: пле́сці (pljésci)

Russian: плести́ (plestí)

Ukrainian: плести́ (plestý)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: плести (plesti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: плета́ (pletá)

Macedonian: плете (plete)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: плѐсти

Latin script: plèsti

Slovene: plésti (tonal orthography)

→ Aromanian: mpiltescu

West Slavic:

Old Czech: plésti

Czech: plést

Polabian: plist

Polish: pleść

Slovak: pliesť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: plesć

Lower Sorbian: plasć

From Proto-Indo-European *pleḱ-t-, from Proto-Indo-European *pleḱ-. Directly cognate with Latin plectō (“to plait”), inf. plectere, Old High German flehtan (“to plait”), Old Norse flétta (“to plait”). Also cognate with Ancient Greek πλέκω (plékō, “to plait”), Sanskrit प्रश्न (praśna, “plait, braid”).


govoriti

govorìti (canonical imperfective)
reťi (perfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
govořenьje (noun-from-verb)
govoriti (infinitive)
govoritъ (supine)
govorilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
govořenъ (participle passive past)
govorimъ (participle passive present)
govořь (active participle past)
govorę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
govorixъ (aorist first-person singular)
govori (aorist second-person singular)
govori (aorist singular third-person)
govořǫ (first-person present singular)
govoriši (present second-person singular)
govoritь (present singular third-person)
govorixově (aorist dual first-person)
govorista (aorist dual second-person)
govoriste (aorist dual third-person)
govorivě (dual first-person present)
govorita (dual present second-person)
govorite (dual present third-person)
govorixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
govoriste (aorist plural second-person)
govorišę (aorist plural third-person)
govorimъ (first-person plural present)
govorite (plural present second-person)
govorętь (plural present third-person)
govořaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
govořaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
govořaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
govori (imperative second-person singular)
govori (imperative singular third-person)
govořaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
govořaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
govořaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
govorivě (dual first-person imperative)
govorita (dual imperative second-person)
govořaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
govořaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
govořaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
govorimъ (first-person imperative plural)
govorite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: говорити (govoriti)

Belarusian: гавары́ць (havarýcʹ)

Russian: говори́ть (govorítʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: говори́ти (hovorýty)

Ukrainian: говори́ти (hovorýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: говорити (govoriti)

Glagolitic: ⰳⱁⰲⱁⱃⰻⱅⰹ (govoriti)

Bulgarian: гово́ря (govórja)

Macedonian: говори (govori)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гово̀рити

Latin script: govòriti

Slovene: govorīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hovořiti

Czech: hovořit

Old Polish: goworzyć

Polish: gaworzyć, gwarzyć

Slovak: hovoriť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: howrić

From *govorъ + *-iti, an extension of Proto-Indo-European *gewH- + *-oriti. Cognate with Sanskrit जोगुवे (jóguve, “to call, to invoke”), Ancient Greek γόος (góos, “wailing, weeping”).


-ica

m (sometimes)
-ica (nominative singular)
-ici (dual nominative)
-icę̇ (nominative plural)
-icę̇ (genitive singular)
-icu (dual genitive)
-icь (genitive plural)
-ici (dative singular)
-icama (dative dual)
-icamъ (dative plural)
-icǫ (accusative singular)
-ici (accusative dual)
-icę̇ (accusative plural)
-icejǫ (instrumental singular)
-icǫ (instrumental singular)
-icama (dual instrumental)
-icami (instrumental plural)
-ici (locative singular)
-icu (dual locative)
-icasъ (locative plural)
-icaxъ (locative plural)
-ice (singular vocative)
-ici (dual vocative)
-icę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: -ица (-ica)

Old Ruthenian: -ица (-ica)

Belarusian: -іца (-ica)

Ukrainian: -иця (-ycja)

Russian: -ица (-ica)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: -ⰹⱌⰰ (-ica)

Old Cyrillic script: -ица (-ica)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -ица

Latin script: -ica

Slovene: -ica

→ Ottoman Turkish: ـیچه (-içe)

West Slavic:

Czech: -ice

Old Polish: -ica, -yca
Polish: -ica

Slovak: -ica

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: -ica

Slovincian: -ica

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: -ica

Upper Sorbian: -ica

By secondary thematicization of older consonant-stem, e.g.
* post-Proto-Indo-European *musī (“fly”) (cf. Ancient Greek μυῖα (muîa), Latin musca) > Pre-Slavic *mus-ī-k- > *mux-ī-k-ā > Common Slavic *mъšica (“fly”).
* post-Proto-Indo-European *wl̥kʷíh₂s (“she-wolf”) (cf. Proto-Germanic *wulgī) > Pre-Slavic *vilk-ī-k- > *vilč-ī-k-ā > Common Slavic *vьlčica (“she-wolf”)
This is comparable to the treatment of ī/ih₂-stems in Latin, in the suffix -trīx, compare:
* Latin genitrīx (“mother”) : Sanskrit जनित्री (jánitrī, “mother”), Ancient Greek γενέτειρα (genéteira).
The primary function in PIE, also retained in Proto-Slavic, was thus to create feminines, substantivized feminine adjectives. The diminutive function is closely related to the structural element */-k-ā/, and has parallels in other suffixes: *-ьka, *-ъka, *-ika, *-ьkъ, *-ъkъ.

-ьnica

with *-ьn- element abstracted away from denominal derivations on *-ьnъ

-avica

with *-av- element abstracted away from agent nouns on *-ava and adjectives on *-avъ

děva (“girl, maiden”) → *děvica (“(a little) girl”)

muxa (“fly”) → *mušica (“(a small) fly”)

noga (“leg”) → *nožica (“(a small) leg”)

rǫka (“hand”) → *rǫčica (“(a small) hand”)

oldi, *oldьje (“ship, boat”) → *oldьjica (“(a small) ship, boat”)

ryba (“fish”) → *rybica (“(a small) fish”)

cěsařь (“emperor”) → *cěsařica (“empress”)

lisъ (“a male fox”) → *lisica (“a female fox”)

Denominal, forming feminine counterparts of masculine nouns.

buky, *bukъve (“beech”) → *bukъvica (“beech fruit”)

bъrъ (“a kind of millet”) → *bъrica (“a variety of wild millet”)

Denominal, forming nouns denoting something related to the meaning of the baseword.

pьjanъ (“drunk”) → *pьjanica (“drunkard”)

desnъ (“right”) → *desnica (“right hand”)

čьrnъ (“black”) → *čьrnica (“something or somebody black”)

starъ (“old”) → *starica (“old woman”)

zoltъ (“golden”) → *zoltica (“something golden”)

Deadjectival, denoting a carrier of a property.

blědъ (“pale”) → *blědica (“paleness”)

blědьnъ (“pale”) → *blědьnica (“paleness”)

(rare) Deadjectival, forming abstract nouns.

daviti (“to choke, gag, stifle”) → *davica (“that who/which chokes”)

plęsati (“to dance”) → *plęsica (“dancer”)

nomina instrumenti
nomina instrumenti#English

(rare) Deverbal, forming agent nouns and nomina instrumenti.


-ivo

-ivo (nominative singular)
-ivě (dual nominative)
-iva (nominative plural)
-iva (genitive singular)
-ivu (dual genitive)
-ivъ (genitive plural)
-ivu (dative singular)
-ivoma (dative dual)
-ivomъ (dative plural)
-ivo (accusative singular)
-ivě (accusative dual)
-iva (accusative plural)
-ivъmь (instrumental singular)
-ivomь (instrumental singular)
-ivoma (dual instrumental)
-ivy (instrumental plural)
-ivě (locative singular)
-ivu (dual locative)
-ivěxъ (locative plural)
-ivo (singular vocative)
-ivě (dual vocative)
-iva (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: -иво (-ivo)

Belarusian: -іва (-iva). -ыва (-yva)

Russian: -иво/-ево n (-ivo/-jevo)3, -ива f (-iva)

Ukrainian: -иво/-ево (-yvo/-evo)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: -иво/-и́во (-ivo/-ívo)

Macedonian: -иво (-ivo)

Serbo-Croatian:

desc

-ӣво/-и̑во/-иво

Cyrillic script: -ӣво/-и̑во/-иво

Latin script: -īvo/-ȋvo/-ivo

Slovene: -ivo/-ȋvo n, -iva f

West Slavic:

Old Czech: -ivo n, -iva f

Czech: -ivo n, -iva f

Old Polish: -iwo

Polish: -iwo n, -iwa f

Slovak: -ivo

Resulted from the fossilization of proto-Indo-European *-wós, one of the Caland system's suffixes, attached to yé-denominative (e.g. in the case of *bělivo (“bleach”) ← *běliti ← *bělъ) or éye-causative (e.g. in the case of *gorivo (“fuel”) ← *gorěti) verbs.
The original suffix survives in adjectives like *lěvъ (“left”) (ultimately from the same proto-root as *lajati (“to ambush, to lurk”)) and nouns like *glěvъ (“slime”) or *griva (“mane”).

melivo ← *melti

prędivo ← *pręsti

mazivo ← *mazati?

lazivo ← *laziti

sętivo ← *sętiti

sěčivo ← *sěťi

Forms instrumental and resultant terms from verb stems:


voliti

volìti (canonical)
voľenьje (noun-from-verb)
voliti (infinitive)
volitъ (supine)
volilъ (l-participle)
voľenъ (participle passive past)
volimъ (participle passive present)
voľь (active participle past)
volę (active participle present)
volixъ (aorist first-person singular)
voli (aorist second-person singular)
voli (aorist singular third-person)
voľǫ (first-person present singular)
voliši (present second-person singular)
volitь (present singular third-person)
volixově (aorist dual first-person)
volista (aorist dual second-person)
voliste (aorist dual third-person)
volivě (dual first-person present)
volita (dual present second-person)
volite (dual present third-person)
volixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
voliste (aorist plural second-person)
volišę (aorist plural third-person)
volimъ (first-person plural present)
volite (plural present second-person)
volętь (plural present third-person)
voľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
voľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
voľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
voli (imperative second-person singular)
voli (imperative singular third-person)
voľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
voľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
voľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
volivě (dual first-person imperative)
volita (dual imperative second-person)
voľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
voľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
voľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
volimъ (first-person imperative plural)
volite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: волити (voliti)

Russian: волить (volitʹ)

Ukrainian: во́лити (vólyty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: волити (voliti)

Bulgarian: во́ля (vólja), во́лим (vólim) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: во̀љети, во̀лети, волити

Latin script: vòljeti, vòleti, voliti

Slovene: vóliti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic

Czech: volit

Kashubian: wòlec (remodelled)

desctree

Old Polish: woleć (remodelled)
Polish: woleć
Silesian: woleć

Slovak: voliť

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *walīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *wolh₁-éye-ti, causative of *welh₁- (“to choose, want”). By surface analysis, *voľa (“will”) + *-iti. Cognate to Proto-Germanic *waljaną (“to will”), Sanskrit वरयति (varáyati, “to choose”), also compare Vulgar Latin voleō.

surf

(transitive) to choose, to express preference


kyla

kỳla (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
kỳla (nominative singular)
kỳlě (dual nominative)
kỳly (nominative plural)
kỳly (genitive singular)
kỳlu (dual genitive)
kỳlъ (genitive plural)
kỳlě (dative singular)
kỳlama (dative dual)
kỳlamъ (dative plural)
kỳlǫ (accusative singular)
kỳlě (accusative dual)
kỳly (accusative plural)
kỳlojǫ (instrumental singular)
kỳlǭ (instrumental singular)
kỳlama (dual instrumental)
kỳlamī (instrumental plural)
kỳlě (locative singular)
kỳlu (dual locative)
kỳlasъ (locative plural)
kỳlaxъ (locative plural)
kỳlo (singular vocative)
kỳlě (dual vocative)
kỳly (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кила (kila)

Belarusian: кіла́ (kilá)

Russian: кила́ (kilá)

Ukrainian: ки́ла (kýla)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: кыла (kyla)

Glagolitic script: ⰽⱏⰹⰾⰰ (kyla)

Bulgarian: ки́ла (kíla)

Macedonian: кила (kila)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ки̏ла

Latin script: kȉla

Slovene: kíla (tonal orthography)

(Črni vrh, Idrija): kȋłḁ

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kýla

Czech: kýla

Old Polish: kiła

Polish: kiła

Slovak: kyla

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kū́ˀlāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂ul-eh₂. Cognate with Lithuanian kū́la, kū́las, Proto-Germanic *haulaz.


tolka

tolka (nominative singular)
tolcě (dual nominative)
tolky (nominative plural)
tolky (genitive singular)
tolku (dual genitive)
tolkъ (genitive plural)
tolcě (dative singular)
tolkama (dative dual)
tolkamъ (dative plural)
tolkǫ (accusative singular)
tolcě (accusative dual)
tolky (accusative plural)
tolkojǫ (instrumental singular)
tolkǫ (instrumental singular)
tolkama (dual instrumental)
tolkami (instrumental plural)
tolcě (locative singular)
tolku (dual locative)
tolkasъ (locative plural)
tolkaxъ (locative plural)
tolko (singular vocative)
tolcě (dual vocative)
tolky (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: талака́ (talaká)

Russian: толо́ка́ (tolóká)

Ukrainian: толо́ка́ (tolóká)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: тлака́ (tlaká)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тла̏ка

Latin script: tlȁka

Slovene: tláka (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Polish: tłoka

Polish: tłoka

Cognate to Latvian talka, Lithuanian talkà.


rušiti

rušenьje (noun-from-verb)
rušiti (infinitive)
rušitъ (supine)
rušilъ (l-participle)
rušenъ (participle passive past)
rušimъ (participle passive present)
rušь (active participle past)
rušę (active participle present)
rušixъ (aorist first-person singular)
ruši (aorist second-person singular)
ruši (aorist singular third-person)
rušǫ (first-person present singular)
rušiši (present second-person singular)
rušitь (present singular third-person)
rušixově (aorist dual first-person)
rušista (aorist dual second-person)
rušiste (aorist dual third-person)
rušivě (dual first-person present)
rušita (dual present second-person)
rušite (dual present third-person)
rušixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
rušiste (aorist plural second-person)
rušišę (aorist plural third-person)
rušimъ (first-person plural present)
rušite (plural present second-person)
rušętь (plural present third-person)
rušaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
rušaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
rušaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
ruši (imperative second-person singular)
ruši (imperative singular third-person)
rušaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
rušaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
rušaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
rušivě (dual first-person imperative)
rušita (dual imperative second-person)
rušaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
rušaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
rušaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
rušimъ (first-person imperative plural)
rušite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: рушити (rušiti)

Belarusian: рушыць (rušycʹ)

Russian: ру́шить (rúšitʹ)

Ukrainian: ру́шити (rúšyty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: рушити (rušiti)

Glagolitic script: ⱃⱆⱎⰻⱅⰻ (rušiti)

Bulgarian: руша̀ (rušà)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ру̏шити

Latin script: rȕšiti

West Slavic:

Old Czech: rušiti

Czech: rušit

Kashubian: rëszëc

Polish: ruszyć

Slovak: rušiť


kazati

kāzàti (canonical)
kazanьje (noun-from-verb)
kazati (infinitive)
kazatъ (supine)
kazalъ (l-participle)
kazanъ (participle passive past)
kažemъ (participle passive present)
kazavъ (active participle past)
kažę (active participle present)
kazaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kaza (aorist second-person singular)
kaza (aorist singular third-person)
kažǫ (first-person present singular)
kažeši (present second-person singular)
kažetь (present singular third-person)
kazaxově (aorist dual first-person)
kazasta (aorist dual second-person)
kazaste (aorist dual third-person)
kaževě (dual first-person present)
kažeta (dual present second-person)
kažete (dual present third-person)
kazaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kazaste (aorist plural second-person)
kazašę (aorist plural third-person)
kažemъ (first-person plural present)
kažete (plural present second-person)
kažǫtь (plural present third-person)
kazaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kazaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kazaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kaži (imperative second-person singular)
kaži (imperative singular third-person)
kazaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kazaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kazaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kaživě (dual first-person imperative)
kažita (dual imperative second-person)
kazaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kazaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kazaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kažimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kažite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: казати (kazati)

Belarusian: каза́ць (kazácʹ)

Russian: каза́ть (kazátʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: казати (kazaty)

Ukrainian: каза́ти (kazáty)

Old Novgorodian: каꙁа́ти (kazáti)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: казати (kazati)

Glagolitic: ⰽⰰⰸⰰⱅⰹ (kazati)

Bulgarian: ка́жа (káža)

Macedonian: каже (kaže)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ка́зати

Latin script: kázati

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: kázati, kazáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kázati

Czech: kázat

desctree

Old Polish: kazać
Polish: kazać
Silesian: kŏzać

Slovak: kázať

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: kazac

Slovincian: kazac

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kazać

Lower Sorbian: kazaś

Per Rix (LIV), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷōǵ-ye-, a causative form from a root *kʷeǵ-, a variant of *kʷeḱ- (“to see”). Endorsed by Chernykh and Vasmer and tentatively by Derksen. Cognate with Sanskrit काशते (kā́śate, “it seems”), Avestan 𐬁𐬐𐬀𐬯𐬀𐬝 (ākasat̰, “he noticed”), Tocharian B koṣkīye (“image”).


tamo

East Slavic: тамо (tamo), тамъ (tamŭ)

Belarusian: там (tam)

Russian: там (tam)

Ukrainian: там (tam), та́ма (táma)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: тамо (tamo)

Glagolitic: ⱅⰰⰿⱁ (tamo)

Bulgarian: там (tam), та́мо (támo)

Macedonian: таму (tamu)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: та̏мо, та̏м

Latin: tȁmo, tȁm

Slovene: tȁm (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: tamo
Czech: tam

Old Polish: tam
Polish: tam
Silesian: tam

Slovak: tam

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: tamò, tam, tã

Slovincian: tã

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: tam

Lower Sorbian: tam

From *ta + *-mo.
Compare Latvian tām, Ancient Greek τῆμος (têmos) (Doric Greek τᾶμος (tâmos)).


udariti

udařenьje (noun-from-verb)
udariti (infinitive)
udaritъ (supine)
udarilъ (l-participle)
udařenъ (participle passive past)
udarimъ (participle passive present)
udařь (active participle past)
udarę (active participle present)
udarixъ (aorist first-person singular)
udari (aorist second-person singular)
udari (aorist singular third-person)
udařǫ (first-person present singular)
udariši (present second-person singular)
udaritь (present singular third-person)
udarixově (aorist dual first-person)
udarista (aorist dual second-person)
udariste (aorist dual third-person)
udarivě (dual first-person present)
udarita (dual present second-person)
udarite (dual present third-person)
udarixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
udariste (aorist plural second-person)
udarišę (aorist plural third-person)
udarimъ (first-person plural present)
udarite (plural present second-person)
udarętь (plural present third-person)
udařaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
udařaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
udařaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
udari (imperative second-person singular)
udari (imperative singular third-person)
udařaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
udařaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
udařaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
udarivě (dual first-person imperative)
udarita (dual imperative second-person)
udařaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
udařaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
udařaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
udarimъ (first-person imperative plural)
udarite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: уда́рить (udáritʹ)

Ukrainian: уда́рити (udáryty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: оударити (udariti)

Bulgarian: уда́ря (udárja)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: у̀дарити

Latin script: ùdariti

Slovene: udáriti (tonal orthography)


znati

znàti (canonical)
a (accent-paradigm)
znanьje (noun-from-verb)
znati (infinitive)
znatъ (supine)
znalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
znanъ (participle passive past)
znajemъ (participle passive present)
znavъ (active participle past)
znaję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
znaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
zna (aorist second-person singular)
zna (aorist singular third-person)
znajǫ (first-person present singular)
znaješi (present second-person singular)
znajetь (present singular third-person)
znaxově (aorist dual first-person)
znasta (aorist dual second-person)
znaste (aorist dual third-person)
znajevě (dual first-person present)
znajeta (dual present second-person)
znajete (dual present third-person)
znaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
znaste (aorist plural second-person)
znašę (aorist plural third-person)
znajemъ (first-person plural present)
znajete (plural present second-person)
znajǫtь (plural present third-person)
znaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
znaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
znaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
znaji (imperative second-person singular)
znaji (imperative singular third-person)
znaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
znaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
znaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
znajivě (dual first-person imperative)
znajita (dual imperative second-person)
znaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
znaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
znaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
znajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
znajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: знати (znati)
Old Ruthenian: зна́ти (znáti)
Belarusian: знаць (znacʹ)
Carpathian Rusyn: зна́ти (znáty)
Ukrainian: зна́ти (znáty)
Russian: знать (znatʹ)

Old Novgorodian: ꙁна́ти (znáti)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: знати (znati)

Bulgarian: знам (znam), зна́я (znája)

Macedonian: знае (znae)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: зна̏ти

Latin script: znȁti

Slovene: znáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: znáti
Czech: znát

Old Polish: znać
Polish: znać
Silesian: znać

Slovak: znať

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: znac

Slovincian: znac

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: znać

Lower Sorbian: znaś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *źnōˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”).


zasluga

zasluga (nominative singular)
zasludzě (dual nominative)
zaslugy (nominative plural)
zaslugy (genitive singular)
zaslugu (dual genitive)
zaslugъ (genitive plural)
zasludzě (dative singular)
zaslugama (dative dual)
zaslugamъ (dative plural)
zaslugǫ (accusative singular)
zasludzě (accusative dual)
zaslugy (accusative plural)
zaslugojǫ (instrumental singular)
zaslugǫ (instrumental singular)
zaslugama (dual instrumental)
zaslugami (instrumental plural)
zasludzě (locative singular)
zaslugu (dual locative)
zaslugasъ (locative plural)
zaslugaxъ (locative plural)
zaslugo (singular vocative)
zasludzě (dual vocative)
zaslugy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: заслу́га (zaslúha)

Russian: заслу́га (zaslúga)

Ukrainian: заслу́га (zaslúha)

South Slavic

Bulgarian: заслу̀га (zaslùga)

Macedonian: заслуга (zasluga)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: за̑слуга

Latin script: zȃsluga

Slovene: zaslúga (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: zásluha

Czech: zásluha

Old Polish: zasługa

Polish: zasługa

Slovak: zásluha

A deverbal of *zaslužiti, ultimately, derived from *sluga.


brojiti

brojenьje (noun-from-verb)
brojiti (infinitive)
brojitъ (supine)
brojilъ (l-participle)
brojenъ (participle passive past)
brojimъ (participle passive present)
brojь (active participle past)
broję (active participle present)
brojixъ (aorist first-person singular)
broji (aorist second-person singular)
broji (aorist singular third-person)
brojǫ (first-person present singular)
brojiši (present second-person singular)
brojitь (present singular third-person)
brojixově (aorist dual first-person)
brojista (aorist dual second-person)
brojiste (aorist dual third-person)
brojivě (dual first-person present)
brojita (dual present second-person)
brojite (dual present third-person)
brojixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
brojiste (aorist plural second-person)
brojišę (aorist plural third-person)
brojimъ (first-person plural present)
brojite (plural present second-person)
brojętь (plural present third-person)
brojaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
brojaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
brojaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
broji (imperative second-person singular)
broji (imperative singular third-person)
brojaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
brojaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
brojaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
brojivě (dual first-person imperative)
brojita (dual imperative second-person)
brojaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
brojaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
brojaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
brojimъ (first-person imperative plural)
brojite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: броити (broiti)

Old Ruthenian: бро́ити (bróiti)

Belarusian: бро́іць (bróicʹ) (dialectal)

desc

Ukrainian: бро́їти (brójity), бро́їтися (brójitysja) (dialectal)

Russian: брои́ть (broítʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: броити (broiti)

Glagolitic script: ⰱⱃⱁⰺⱅⰺ (broiti)

Bulgarian: броя́ (brojá)

Macedonian: брои (broi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бро̀јити

Latin script: bròjiti

West Slavic:

Old Czech: brojiti

Czech: brojit

Polish: broić

Slovak: brojiť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: brojś

Upper Sorbian: brojić

South Slavic meaning probably reflects the iterative-causative of *briti (“to cut”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreyH- (“to notch”). Equivalent to *brojь (“count”) + *-iti.
Per Grynčenko (quoted by Trubačev, ESSJa), secondary meaning in West and East Slavic may have been back-formed or at least influenced by unrelated *obrojiti (“to flock, to get into commotion”) < *ob- + *rojiti (“to flow, to traverse”).

der

→ to fool around, to prank

(West, East Slavic) to brawl, to disturb


ležati

ležàti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
ležanьje (noun-from-verb)
ležati (infinitive)
ležatъ (supine)
ležalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
ležanъ (participle passive past)
ležimъ (participle passive present)
ležavъ (active participle past)
ležę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
ležaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
leža (aorist second-person singular)
leža (aorist singular third-person)
ležǫ (first-person present singular)
ležiši (present second-person singular)
ležitь (present singular third-person)
ležaxově (aorist dual first-person)
ležasta (aorist dual second-person)
ležaste (aorist dual third-person)
leživě (dual first-person present)
ležita (dual present second-person)
ležite (dual present third-person)
ležaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
ležaste (aorist plural second-person)
ležašę (aorist plural third-person)
ležimъ (first-person plural present)
ležite (plural present second-person)
ležętь (plural present third-person)
ležaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
ležaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
ležaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
leži (imperative second-person singular)
leži (imperative singular third-person)
ležaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
ležaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
ležaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
leživě (dual first-person imperative)
ležita (dual imperative second-person)
ležaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
ležaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
ležaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
ležimъ (first-person imperative plural)
ležite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: лежа́ти (ležáti)

Belarusian: ляжа́ць (ljažácʹ)

Russian: лежа́ть (ležátʹ)

Ukrainian: лежа́ти (ležáty)

Old Novgorodian: лежа́ти (ležáti)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: лежати (ležati)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: лежа́ (ležá)

Macedonian: лежи (leži)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: лѐжати

Latin script: lèžati

Slovene: ležáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: ležěti
Czech: ležet

desctree

Old Polish: leżeć
Polish: leżeć
Silesian: leżeć

Polabian: lizĕ (3rd sg.)

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: leżec

Slovincian: lêżec

Slovak: ležať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: ležeć

Lower Sorbian: lažaš

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *legḗˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ-éh₁-ti, from *legʰ- (“to lie”). Morphologically *leg- + *-ěti (stative suffix).


loza

lozà (canonical feminine)
c (accent-paradigm)
lozà (nominative singular)
lȍzě (dual nominative)
lȍzy (nominative plural)
lozý (genitive singular)
lozù (dual genitive)
lòzъ (genitive plural)
lozě̀ (dative singular)
lozàma (dative dual)
lozàmъ (dative plural)
lȍzǫ (accusative singular)
lȍzě (accusative dual)
lȍzy (accusative plural)
lozojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
lozàma (dual instrumental)
lozàmi (instrumental plural)
lȍzě (locative singular)
lozù (dual locative)
lozàsъ (locative plural)
lozàxъ (locative plural)
lozo (singular vocative)
lȍzě (dual vocative)
lȍzy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: лоза (loza)

Belarusian: лаза́ (lazá)

Russian: лоза́ (lozá)

Ukrainian: лоза́ (lozá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: лоза (loza)

Glagolitic: ⰾⱁⰸⰰ (loza)

Bulgarian: лоза́ (lozá)

Macedonian: ло́за (lóza)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ло̀за

Latin script: lòza

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: lóza, lọ́za (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: loza

Czech:

Moravian (Mistřice): u̯oza

Polish: łoza

Slovak: loza

From *lozda (< *loĝ-zdā), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁loǵ-eh₂, which originally probably just meant branch or log. Cognate with *lěska (“hazel”), Lithuanian lazdà (“staff”) and Latvian lagzda (“hazel”). Further cognates include Ancient Greek ὀλόγινον (ológinon, “vine”) and Hittite [script needed] (alk-, “branch”).