obьlъ

Indefinite declension of *obьlъ (hard)

Definite declension of *obьlъ (hard)

obьlъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
obьla (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
obьlo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
obьla (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
obьly (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
obьla (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
obьlu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
obьlě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
obьlu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
obьlъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
obьlǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
obьlo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
obьlomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
obьlojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
obьlomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
obьlě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
obьlě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
obьlě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
obьle (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
obьlo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
obьlo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
obьla (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
obьlě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
obьlě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
obьlu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
obьlu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
obьlu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
obьloma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
obьlama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
obьloma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
obьla (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
obьlě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
obьlě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
obьloma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
obьlama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
obьloma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
obьlu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
obьlu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
obьlu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
obьla (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
obьlě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
obьlě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
obьli (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
obьly (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
obьla (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
obьlъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
obьlъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
obьlъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
obьlomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
obьlamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
obьlomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
obьly (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
obьly (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
obьla (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
obьly (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
obьlami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
obьly (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
obьlěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
obьlaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
obьlěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
obьli (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
obьly (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
obьla (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
obьlъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
obьlaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
obьloje (definite neuter nominative singular)
obьlajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
obьlyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
obьlajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
obьlujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
obьlěji (dative definite feminine singular)
obьlujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
obьlъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
obьlǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
obьloje (accusative definite neuter singular)
obьlyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
obьlǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
obьlyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
obьlějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
obьlěji (definite feminine locative singular)
obьlějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
obьlъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
obьlaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
obьloje (definite neuter singular vocative)
obьlaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
obьlěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
obьlěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
obьluju (definite dual genitive masculine)
obьluju (definite dual feminine genitive)
obьluju (definite dual genitive neuter)
obьlyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
obьlyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
obьlyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
obьlaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
obьlěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
obьlěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
obьlyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
obьlyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
obьlyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
obьluju (definite dual locative masculine)
obьluju (definite dual feminine locative)
obьluju (definite dual locative neuter)
obьlaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
obьlěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
obьlěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
obьliji (definite masculine nominative plural)
obьlyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
obьlaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
obьlъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
obьlъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
obьlъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
obьlyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
obьlyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
obьlyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
obьlyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
obьlyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
obьlaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
obьlyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
obьlyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
obьlyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
obьlyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
obьlyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
obьlyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
obьliji (definite masculine plural vocative)
obьlyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
obьlaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: о́блый (óblyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Church Slavonic: обьлъ (obĭlŭ)

Bulgarian: о́бъл (óbǎl)

Macedonian: о́бол (óbol)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̏бао

Latin script: ȍbao

Slovene: obel

West Slavic:

Old Czech: oblý

Czech: oblý

Polish: obły

Slovak: oblý

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: oblu

From an earlier **obvьlъ with regular assimilation -bv- > -bb- > -b-, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *apwilas (0-grade) ~ *apwalus (o-grade), from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to roll, to wind”). Cognate with Latvian apaļš (“round”), Lithuanian apvalùs (“round”). For the loss of -v- between ob- and a vowel compare *obolkъ which comes from an earlier **obvolkъ.


sikati

Oleg Trubachyov
be:Генадзь Апанасавіч Цыхун
uk:Мельничук Олександр Савич

sikanьje (noun-from-verb)
sikati (infinitive)
sikatъ (supine)
sikalъ (l-participle)
sikanъ (participle passive past)
sikajemъ (participle passive present)
sikavъ (active participle past)
sikaję (active participle present)
sikaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sika (aorist second-person singular)
sika (aorist singular third-person)
sikajǫ (first-person present singular)
sikaješi (present second-person singular)
sikajetь (present singular third-person)
sikaxově (aorist dual first-person)
sikasta (aorist dual second-person)
sikaste (aorist dual third-person)
sikajevě (dual first-person present)
sikajeta (dual present second-person)
sikajete (dual present third-person)
sikaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sikaste (aorist plural second-person)
sikašę (aorist plural third-person)
sikajemъ (first-person plural present)
sikajete (plural present second-person)
sikajǫtь (plural present third-person)
sikaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sikaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sikaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sikaji (imperative second-person singular)
sikaji (imperative singular third-person)
sikaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sikaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sikaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sikajivě (dual first-person imperative)
sikajita (dual imperative second-person)
sikaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sikaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sikaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sikajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sikajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *сикати (*sikati)

Old Ruthenian: *си́кати (*síkati)

desc

Belarusian: сі́каць (síkacʹ), сі́кацца (síkacca)

Carpathian Rusyn: си́кати (sýkaty)

Ukrainian: си́кати (sýkaty)

Russian: си́кать (síkatʹ)

West Slavic:

Czech: sikać, sykať, šykač (dialectal)

Polish: sikać

Slovak: sykať, sikać, cikať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: sykaś

Upper Sorbian: sykać

By surface analysis, *sik- + *-ati. See *sьcati (“to piss”). Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *seikā́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *seykʷ-éh₂-ti, from *seykʷ-.
Roots *sьk- : *sěk- : *sik-, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sik- : *saik- : *seik-, from Proto-Indo-European *sikʷ- : *soykʷ- : *seykʷ- (“to moisten”).


sikati

South Slavic

Bulgarian: си́кам (síkam)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: си́кати

Latin script: síkati

⇒ Slovene: síkniti (tonal orthography)

Of onomatopoeic origin. Related to *sykati.


pъrtiti

a (accent-paradigm)
pъrťenьje (noun-from-verb)
pъrtiti (infinitive)
pъrtitъ (supine)
pъrtilъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
pъrťenъ (participle passive past)
pъrtimъ (participle passive present)
pъrťь (active participle past)
pъrtę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
pъrtixъ (aorist first-person singular)
pъrti (aorist second-person singular)
pъrti (aorist singular third-person)
pъrťǫ (first-person present singular)
pъrtiši (present second-person singular)
pъrtitь (present singular third-person)
pъrtixově (aorist dual first-person)
pъrtista (aorist dual second-person)
pъrtiste (aorist dual third-person)
pъrtivě (dual first-person present)
pъrtita (dual present second-person)
pъrtite (dual present third-person)
pъrtixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pъrtiste (aorist plural second-person)
pъrtišę (aorist plural third-person)
pъrtimъ (first-person plural present)
pъrtite (plural present second-person)
pъrtętь (plural present third-person)
pъrťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pъrťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pъrťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pъrti (imperative second-person singular)
pъrti (imperative singular third-person)
pъrťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pъrťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pъrťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pъrtivě (dual first-person imperative)
pъrtita (dual imperative second-person)
pъrťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pъrťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pъrťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pъrtimъ (first-person imperative plural)
pъrtite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: по́ртить (pórtitʹ)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: испъртити (ispŭrtiti)

Bulgarian: по̀ртя (pòrtja)

⇒ Bulgarian: изпо̀ртвам (izpòrtvam)

West Slavic:

Polish: parcieć

From Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to pass (deadline)”) . Cognates include Lithuanian periù (“to rot”), Latin parō (“to prepare”).


česnъ

česnъ (canonical masculine)
česno (canonical neuter)
česnъ (nominative singular)
česna (dual nominative)
česni (nominative plural)
česna (genitive singular)
česnu (dual genitive)
česnъ (genitive plural)
česnu (dative singular)
česnoma (dative dual)
česnomъ (dative plural)
česnъ (accusative singular)
česna (accusative dual)
česny (accusative plural)
česnъmь (instrumental singular)
česnomь (instrumental singular)
česnoma (dual instrumental)
česny (instrumental plural)
česně (locative singular)
česnu (dual locative)
česněxъ (locative plural)
česne (singular vocative)
česna (dual vocative)
česni (plural vocative)
česno (nominative singular)
česně (dual nominative)
česna (nominative plural)
česna (genitive singular)
česnu (dual genitive)
česnъ (genitive plural)
česnu (dative singular)
česnoma (dative dual)
česnomъ (dative plural)
česno (accusative singular)
česně (accusative dual)
česna (accusative plural)
česnъmь (instrumental singular)
česnomь (instrumental singular)
česnoma (dual instrumental)
česny (instrumental plural)
česně (locative singular)
česnu (dual locative)
česněxъ (locative plural)
česno (singular vocative)
česně (dual vocative)
česna (plural vocative)

East Slavic: —

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: че́сън m (čésǎn)

Macedonian: чесен m (česen)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: чѐсно n, че̏но n, чѐсан m, чѐшањ m

Latin script: čȅsen, česãn m

Slovene: čésen, česenj

West Slavic:

Slovak: česeň m

* Probably substantivized adjective, from **česti + *-nъ. For the meaning compare Middle High German klieben (“to cleave”) : Old High German chlobolouch (“garlic”) (> German Knoblauch).
* Author?: from Proto-Indo-European *kesn-o-, likely from a non-Indo-European (substrate) source. Cognate with Irish cainneann (“leek”), Welsh cennin (“leek”).


smokъ

c (accent-paradigm)
smȍkъ (nominative singular)
smȍka (dual nominative)
smȍci (nominative plural)
smȍka (genitive singular)
smokù (dual genitive)
smòkъ (genitive plural)
smȍku (dative singular)
smokomà (dative dual)
smokòmъ (dative plural)
smȍkъ (accusative singular)
smȍka (accusative dual)
smȍky (accusative plural)
smȍkъmь (instrumental singular)
smȍkomь (instrumental singular)
smokomà (dual instrumental)
smoký (instrumental plural)
smȍcě (locative singular)
smokù (dual locative)
smocě̃xъ (locative plural)
smoče (singular vocative)
smȍka (dual vocative)
smȍci (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: смокъ (smokŭ) (Russian)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: смокъ (smokŭ)

Russian: смок (smok) (archaic)

desc

Belarusian: цмок (cmok, “wyvern”), смок (smok)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: смок (smok)

Macedonian: смок (smok)

Slovene: smòk

West Slavic:

Czech: zmok, zmek ('z' can be from zmije)

Kashubian: smok

Polish: smok (“dragon”)

Slovak: zmok ('z' can be from zmija)

Other:

→ Lithuanian: smãkas (“dragon, serpent”) (probably)

Uncertain:
* *sъmъkъ, related to *sъmykati, *mъčati; it doesn't explain the vowel "o" in some descendants.
* *smъkъ, related to *smykati sę (“to creep, crawl”), Serbo-Croatian сму̑к (“adder”); it doesn't explain the vowel "o" in some descendants. For the meaning compare *pьlzati: *polzъ (> Czech plaz (“reptile”)), Ancient Greek ἑρπετόν (herpetón, “reptile”): ἕρπω (hérpō, “to crawl”), Latin serpēns (“snake”): serpō (“to creep, crawl”).
* Related to *smokъtati (“to smack?, suck?”).
* Influenced by the words above, from **snokъ, ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *snakō (“snake”) (> Old English snaca > English snake), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sneg- (“to crawl”) (> Sanskrit नाग (nāgá)).
* From **snokъ, from **sъsnokъ, from Alanic *susnaka-, from Proto-Iranian *sušnaka-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćúšnas (> Sanskrit शुष्ण (śúṣṇa)).


užasъ

ȗžasъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
ȗžasъ (nominative singular)
ȗžasa (dual nominative)
ȗžasi (nominative plural)
ȗžasa (genitive singular)
užasù (dual genitive)
užãsъ (genitive plural)
ȗžasu (dative singular)
užasomà (dative dual)
užasòmъ (dative plural)
ȗžasъ (accusative singular)
ȗžasa (accusative dual)
ȗžasy (accusative plural)
ȗžasъmь (instrumental singular)
ȗžasomь (instrumental singular)
užasomà (dual instrumental)
užasý (instrumental plural)
ȗžasě (locative singular)
užasù (dual locative)
užasě̃xъ (locative plural)
užase (singular vocative)
ȗžasa (dual vocative)
ȗžasi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: ужасъ (užasŭ), ужасть (užastĭ)

Russian: у́жас (úžas)

Ukrainian: ужа́х (užáx) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: оужасъ (užasŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱆⰶⰰⱄⱏ (užasŭ)

Bulgarian: у́жас (úžas)

Macedonian: ужас (užas)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: у̏жа̄с

Latin script: ȕžās

West Slavic:

Czech: úžas

Old Slovak: úžas

Pannonian Rusyn: ужас (užas)

Slovak: úžas

Morphologically equivalent to *u- + *žasъ (“fright”).
Further etymology is problematic:
* On morphological basis, has been linked to the root of *gasiti (“to extinguish”), which however poses semantic problems.
* An alternative proposal suggests genetic relation to *gadъ (“creep, reptile”), presumably from pre-Slavic *u- + *gēd- + *-sъ.
* Possibly a borrowing from Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usgaisjan, “to frighten”), assumming that related non-prefixed forms are back-formations and that Gothic -𐌰𐌹- (-ai-) was rendered as Proto-Slavic *-ě- < *-ē- (rather than formally expected *-ai-).

der

→ horror, fright, dread (in South, East Slavic)

→ amazement, astonishment (in West Slavic)


smykati

smykanьje (noun-from-verb)
smykati (infinitive)
smykatъ (supine)
smykalъ (l-participle)
smykanъ (participle passive past)
smykajemъ (participle passive present)
smykavъ (active participle past)
smykaję (active participle present)
smykaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
smyka (aorist second-person singular)
smyka (aorist singular third-person)
smykajǫ (first-person present singular)
smykaješi (present second-person singular)
smykajetь (present singular third-person)
smykaxově (aorist dual first-person)
smykasta (aorist dual second-person)
smykaste (aorist dual third-person)
smykajevě (dual first-person present)
smykajeta (dual present second-person)
smykajete (dual present third-person)
smykaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
smykaste (aorist plural second-person)
smykašę (aorist plural third-person)
smykajemъ (first-person plural present)
smykajete (plural present second-person)
smykajǫtь (plural present third-person)
smykaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
smykaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
smykaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
smykaji (imperative second-person singular)
smykaji (imperative singular third-person)
smykaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
smykaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
smykaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
smykajivě (dual first-person imperative)
smykajita (dual imperative second-person)
smykaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
smykaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
smykaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
smykajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
smykajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: смꙑкати сѧ

Russian: (dialectal) смы́кать (smýkatʹ)

desc

Ukrainian: сми́кати (smýkaty), сми́катися (smýkatysja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: смꙑкати сѩ

пресмыка́ться

→ Russian: пресмыка́ться (presmykátʹsja)

Slovene: smíkati se, mȋkam se

West Slavic:

Czech: smýkat

Polish: smykać się

⇒ Polish: smycz

Slovak: smýkať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: smykać

Lower Sorbian: smykaś

Cognate with
Lithuanian smùkti (“to slip down”) (smunkù), smaũkti (“to pull off”) (smaukiù), smaukýti,
Latvian šmukt (šmùku),
Old Norse smjúga, smuga (“narrow opening”), Middle High German smiegen, German schmiegen, Old English smúgan


stožěrъ

stožěrъ (nominative singular)
stožěra (dual nominative)
stožěri (nominative plural)
stožěra (genitive singular)
stožěru (dual genitive)
stožěrъ (genitive plural)
stožěru (dative singular)
stožěroma (dative dual)
stožěromъ (dative plural)
stožěrъ (accusative singular)
stožěra (accusative dual)
stožěry (accusative plural)
stožěrъmь (instrumental singular)
stožěromь (instrumental singular)
stožěroma (dual instrumental)
stožěry (instrumental plural)
stožěrě (locative singular)
stožěru (dual locative)
stožěrěxъ (locative plural)
stožěre (singular vocative)
stožěra (dual vocative)
stožěri (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: стожаръ (stožarŭ), стъжаръ (stŭžarŭ)

Old Ruthenian: стежаръ (stežar), щежеръ (ščežer)

Belarusian: стажа́р (stažár)

Ukrainian: сто́жар (stóžar)

Russian: стожа́р (stožár), стожа́рь (stožárʹ), стежер (stežer)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: стожѣръ (stožěrŭ), стежеръ (stežerŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱅⱁⰶⱑⱃⱏ (stožěrŭ)

Bulgarian: сто́жер (stóžer), сто́жар (stóžar), сте́жар (stéžar)

Macedonian: стожер (stožer), стежер (stežer)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сто̏же̄р

Latin script: stȍžēr

Slovene: stožér, stožêr, stežér

West Slavic:

Czech: stožár

Old Polish: ścieżeje

Slovak: stožiar

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: sćažor

Upper Sorbian: sćežor

From *stogъ (“stack”) + *-ěrъ. Most likely a descendant of Proto-Indo-European *stogʰ- > Ancient Greek στόχος (stókhos, “brick pillar”), Lithuanian stãgaras (“dry stalk”) convoluted with Proto-Indo-European *stegʷʰ- (“encircling”) > Ancient Greek στέφω (stéphō, “to encircle”). Vasmer points an origin from *(s)teg- (“to cover”) which also gave Proto-Germanic *stakô (“stake”), Latin toga. This derivation, however, conflicts with Winter's law. According to Trubachyov, the lemma and its derivatives ultimately come from *stojati (“to stand”).


pisьmo

pisьmo (nominative singular)
pisьmě (dual nominative)
pisьma (nominative plural)
pisьma (genitive singular)
pisьmu (dual genitive)
pisьmъ (genitive plural)
pisьmu (dative singular)
pisьmoma (dative dual)
pisьmomъ (dative plural)
pisьmo (accusative singular)
pisьmě (accusative dual)
pisьma (accusative plural)
pisьmъmь (instrumental singular)
pisьmomь (instrumental singular)
pisьmoma (dual instrumental)
pisьmy (instrumental plural)
pisьmě (locative singular)
pisьmu (dual locative)
pisьměxъ (locative plural)
pisьmo (singular vocative)
pisьmě (dual vocative)
pisьma (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: письмо (pisĭmo)

Belarusian: пісьмо́ (pisʹmó)

Russian: письмо́ (pisʹmó)

Carpathian Rusyn: письмо (pysʹmo)

Ukrainian: письмо́ (pysʹmó)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: писмѧ

Bulgarian: писмо́ (pismó)

Macedonian: писмо (pismo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пи́смо

Latin script: písmo

Slovene: písmo (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: písmo

Czech: písmo

desctree

Old Polish: pismo
Polish: pismo
Silesian: pismo

Slovak: písmo

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: pismò

Slovincian: pjysmô

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pismo

Upper Sorbian: pismo

From *pis- + *-ьmo. Per Vasmer, normally compared with Lithuanian piešìmas (“drawing, daubing”) (< piẽšti + -imas).


kъrtiti

kъrťenьje (noun-from-verb)
kъrtiti (infinitive)
kъrtitъ (supine)
kъrtilъ (l-participle)
kъrťenъ (participle passive past)
kъrtimъ (participle passive present)
kъrťь (active participle past)
kъrtę (active participle present)
kъrtixъ (aorist first-person singular)
kъrti (aorist second-person singular)
kъrti (aorist singular third-person)
kъrťǫ (first-person present singular)
kъrtiši (present second-person singular)
kъrtitь (present singular third-person)
kъrtixově (aorist dual first-person)
kъrtista (aorist dual second-person)
kъrtiste (aorist dual third-person)
kъrtivě (dual first-person present)
kъrtita (dual present second-person)
kъrtite (dual present third-person)
kъrtixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kъrtiste (aorist plural second-person)
kъrtišę (aorist plural third-person)
kъrtimъ (first-person plural present)
kъrtite (plural present second-person)
kъrtętь (plural present third-person)
kъrťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kъrťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kъrťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kъrti (imperative second-person singular)
kъrti (imperative singular third-person)
kъrťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kъrťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kъrťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kъrtivě (dual first-person imperative)
kъrtita (dual imperative second-person)
kъrťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kъrťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kъrťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kъrtimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kъrtite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Belarusian: карціць (karcicʹ, “to yearn for”)

Russian: кортеть (kortetʹ, “to yearn for”) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: кортіти (kortity, “to yearn for”)

→ Polish: korcić

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: къртити (kŭrtiti)

Bulgarian: къ́ртя (kǎ́rtja)

Macedonian: крти (krti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кртити (“to agonize”)

Latin script: krtiti

West Slavic:

Polish: karcić

Upper Sorbian: korćić

Normally reconstructed as a denominal verb of *(s)ker- (“to cut”) + *-tós (per Trubachyov). Given that the same root also produced palatalized 0-grade lemmas in Balto-Slavic, e.g. *čьrtati (“to draw”), it is likely that the plain velar forms were influenced by *kʷer- (“to make, to build”). Cognates in Balto-Slavic include Lithuanian kùrti (“to build”), Latvian kurt (“to excite”). Outside of Balto-Slavic, the root is related to Proto-Germanic *skurtaz (“short”), Latin curtus (“shortened”) as a descendant of *(s)ker- and to Proto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥tás (“made”), Proto-Celtic *kʷritus (“form”) as a descendant of *kʷer-.


pręďa

pręďa (nominative singular)
pręďi (dual nominative)
pręďę̇ (nominative plural)
pręďę̇ (genitive singular)
pręďu (dual genitive)
pręďь (genitive plural)
pręďi (dative singular)
pręďama (dative dual)
pręďamъ (dative plural)
pręďǫ (accusative singular)
pręďi (accusative dual)
pręďę̇ (accusative plural)
pręďejǫ (instrumental singular)
pręďǫ (instrumental singular)
pręďama (dual instrumental)
pręďami (instrumental plural)
pręďi (locative singular)
pręďu (dual locative)
pręďasъ (locative plural)
pręďaxъ (locative plural)
pręďe (singular vocative)
pręďi (dual vocative)
pręďę̇ (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: прѧжда

East Slavic:

Belarusian: пра́жа (práža)

Russian: пря́жа (prjáža)

Ukrainian: пря́жа (prjáža)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: пре́жда (préžda)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пре̏ћа, пре̏ја

Slovene: prêja

West Slavic:

Czech: příze

Polish: przędza

Slovak: priadza

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: přaza

Lower Sorbian: pśěza


tьmьnica

tьmьnica (nominative singular)
tьmьnici (dual nominative)
tьmьnicę̇ (nominative plural)
tьmьnicę̇ (genitive singular)
tьmьnicu (dual genitive)
tьmьnicь (genitive plural)
tьmьnici (dative singular)
tьmьnicama (dative dual)
tьmьnicamъ (dative plural)
tьmьnicǫ (accusative singular)
tьmьnici (accusative dual)
tьmьnicę̇ (accusative plural)
tьmьnicejǫ (instrumental singular)
tьmьnicǫ (instrumental singular)
tьmьnicama (dual instrumental)
tьmьnicami (instrumental plural)
tьmьnici (locative singular)
tьmьnicu (dual locative)
tьmьnicasъ (locative plural)
tьmьnicaxъ (locative plural)
tьmьnice (singular vocative)
tьmьnici (dual vocative)
tьmьnicę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: тьмьница (tĭmĭnica)

Belarusian: цямні́ца (cjamníca)

Russian: темни́ца (temníca)

Ukrainian: темни́ця (temnýcja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: тьмьница (tĭmĭnica)

Bulgarian: тъмни́ца (tǎmníca)

Macedonian: темница (temnica)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: та̀мница

Latin script: tàmnica

Slovene: temnica

West Slavic:

Czech: temnice

Polish: ciemnica

Slovak: temnica

Other:

→ Middle Low German: temenitze (“prison, jail”)

→ Romanian: temniță (“prison, jail”)

→ Sathmar Swabian: Temitz (“prison”)

From substantivized *tьmьnъ (“dark”) + *-ica, from *tьma (“dark”) + *-ьnъ.


tьmьnъ

tьmь̀nъ (canonical)
tь̏mьnъ (canonical)
tьmьnъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
tьmьna (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
tьmьno (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
tьmьna (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
tьmьny (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
tьmьna (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
tьmьnu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
tьmьně (dative feminine indefinite singular)
tьmьnu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
tьmьnъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
tьmьnǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
tьmьno (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
tьmьnomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
tьmьnojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
tьmьnomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
tьmьně (indefinite locative masculine singular)
tьmьně (feminine indefinite locative singular)
tьmьně (indefinite locative neuter singular)
tьmьne (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
tьmьno (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
tьmьno (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
tьmьna (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
tьmьně (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
tьmьně (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
tьmьnu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
tьmьnu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
tьmьnu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
tьmьnoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
tьmьnama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
tьmьnoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
tьmьna (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
tьmьně (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
tьmьně (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
tьmьnoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
tьmьnama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
tьmьnoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
tьmьnu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
tьmьnu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
tьmьnu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
tьmьna (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
tьmьně (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
tьmьně (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
tьmьni (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
tьmьny (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
tьmьna (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
tьmьnъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
tьmьnъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
tьmьnъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
tьmьnomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
tьmьnamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
tьmьnomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
tьmьny (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
tьmьny (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
tьmьna (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
tьmьny (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
tьmьnami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
tьmьny (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
tьmьněxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
tьmьnaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
tьmьněxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
tьmьni (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
tьmьny (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
tьmьna (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
tьmьnъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
tьmьnaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
tьmьnoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
tьmьnajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
tьmьnyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
tьmьnajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
tьmьnujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
tьmьněji (dative definite feminine singular)
tьmьnujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
tьmьnъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
tьmьnǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
tьmьnoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
tьmьnyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
tьmьnǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
tьmьnyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
tьmьnějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
tьmьněji (definite feminine locative singular)
tьmьnějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
tьmьnъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
tьmьnaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
tьmьnoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
tьmьnaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
tьmьněji (definite dual feminine nominative)
tьmьněji (definite dual neuter nominative)
tьmьnuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
tьmьnuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
tьmьnuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
tьmьnyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
tьmьnyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
tьmьnyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
tьmьnaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
tьmьněji (accusative definite dual feminine)
tьmьněji (accusative definite dual neuter)
tьmьnyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
tьmьnyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
tьmьnyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
tьmьnuju (definite dual locative masculine)
tьmьnuju (definite dual feminine locative)
tьmьnuju (definite dual locative neuter)
tьmьnaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
tьmьněji (definite dual feminine vocative)
tьmьněji (definite dual neuter vocative)
tьmьniji (definite masculine nominative plural)
tьmьnyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
tьmьnaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
tьmьnъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
tьmьnъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
tьmьnъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
tьmьnyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
tьmьnyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
tьmьnyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
tьmьnyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
tьmьnyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
tьmьnaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
tьmьnyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
tьmьnyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
tьmьnyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
tьmьnyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
tьmьnyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
tьmьnyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
tьmьniji (definite masculine plural vocative)
tьmьnyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
tьmьnaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *tьmьnъ (hard)

Definite declension of *tьmьnъ (hard)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: тьмьнъ (tĭmĭnŭ)

Belarusian: цёмны (cjómny)

Russian: тёмный (tjómnyj)

Ukrainian: те́мний (témnyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: тьмьнъ (tĭmĭnŭ)

Bulgarian: тъ́мен (tǎ́men)

Macedonian: темен (temen)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: та́ма̄н, та̑ман

Latin script: támān, tȃman

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: tə̀mən, tǝmǝ̏n, tǝmȃn (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: temný

Czech: temný

Polish: ciemny

Slovak: temný

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: ćěmny

Lower Sorbian: śamny

From *tьma (“dark”) + *-ьnъ. Compare Irish temen (“dark”).


klǫbъ

klǫbъ (nominative singular)
klǫba (dual nominative)
klǫbi (nominative plural)
klǫba (genitive singular)
klǫbu (dual genitive)
klǫbъ (genitive plural)
klǫbu (dative singular)
klǫboma (dative dual)
klǫbomъ (dative plural)
klǫbъ (accusative singular)
klǫba (accusative dual)
klǫby (accusative plural)
klǫbъmь (instrumental singular)
klǫbomь (instrumental singular)
klǫboma (dual instrumental)
klǫby (instrumental plural)
klǫbě (locative singular)
klǫbu (dual locative)
klǫběxъ (locative plural)
klǫbe (singular vocative)
klǫba (dual vocative)
klǫbi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: клубъ (klubŭ)

Belarusian: клуб (klub)

Russian: клуб (klub)

Ukrainian: клуб (klub)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: клѫбо (klǫbo), клѫбъ (klǫbŭ)

desc

Bulgarian: кълбо́ (kǎlbó), клъбо́ (klǎbó), клъ́мбо (klǎ́mbo) (dialectal)

⇒ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: клу̏пко

Latin script: klupko

⇒ Slovene: klȏbko (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: kłąb

Old Czech: klúb

Czech: kloub

→ Old Polish: klub, kłub

Old Polish: kłąb

Polish: kłąb

⇒ Silesian: kłymbko

⇒ Polabian: klǫbăk

Slovak: kĺb

Sorbian:

⇒ Upper Sorbian: kłubk

Lower Sorbian: kłub


klinъ

klìnъ (canonical masculine)
a (accent-paradigm)
klìnъ (nominative singular)
klìna (dual nominative)
klìni (nominative plural)
klìna (genitive singular)
klìnu (dual genitive)
klìnъ (genitive plural)
klìnu (dative singular)
klìnoma (dative dual)
klìnomъ (dative plural)
klìnъ (accusative singular)
klìna (accusative dual)
klìny (accusative plural)
klìnъmь (instrumental singular)
klìnomь (instrumental singular)
klìnoma (dual instrumental)
klìnȳ (instrumental plural)
klìně (locative singular)
klìnu (dual locative)
klìně̄xъ (locative plural)
klìne (singular vocative)
klìna (dual vocative)
klìni (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: клинъ (klinŭ)

Old Ruthenian: клинъ (klin)

Belarusian: клин (klin)

Ukrainian: клин (klyn)

Russian: клин (klin)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: клинъ (klinŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰽⰾⰻⱀⱏ (klinŭ)

Bulgarian: клин (klin)

Macedonian: клин (klin)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кли̏н

Latin script: klȉn

Slovene: klȉn, klȋn (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: klín

Czech: klín

Bohemian (Chod dialect): klín

Old Polish: klin
Polish: klin

Slovak: klin

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: klin

Lower Sorbian: klin


tъščeta

tъščeta (nominative singular)
tъščetě (dual nominative)
tъščety (nominative plural)
tъščety (genitive singular)
tъščetu (dual genitive)
tъščetъ (genitive plural)
tъščetě (dative singular)
tъščetama (dative dual)
tъščetamъ (dative plural)
tъščetǫ (accusative singular)
tъščetě (accusative dual)
tъščety (accusative plural)
tъščetojǫ (instrumental singular)
tъščetǫ (instrumental singular)
tъščetama (dual instrumental)
tъščetami (instrumental plural)
tъščetě (locative singular)
tъščetu (dual locative)
tъščetasъ (locative plural)
tъščetaxъ (locative plural)
tъščeto (singular vocative)
tъščetě (dual vocative)
tъščety (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: тщета́ (tščetá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⱅⱏⱎⱅⰵⱅⰰ (tŭšteta)

Old Cyrillic script: тъштета (tŭšteta)

Bulgarian: щета (šteta)

Macedonian: штета (šteta)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: штета

Latin script: šteta

West Slavic:


tъščь

tъ̀ščь (canonical)
tъščь (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
tъšča (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
tъšče (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
tъšča (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
tъščę̇ (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
tъšča (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
tъšču (dative indefinite masculine singular)
tъšči (dative feminine indefinite singular)
tъšču (dative indefinite neuter singular)
tъščь (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
tъščǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
tъšče (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
tъščemь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
tъščejǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
tъščemь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
tъšči (indefinite locative masculine singular)
tъšči (feminine indefinite locative singular)
tъšči (indefinite locative neuter singular)
tъšču (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
tъšče (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
tъšče (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
tъšča (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
tъšči (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
tъšči (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
tъšču (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
tъšču (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
tъšču (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
tъščema (dative dual indefinite masculine)
tъščama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
tъščema (dative dual indefinite neuter)
tъšča (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
tъšči (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
tъšči (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
tъščema (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
tъščama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
tъščema (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
tъšču (dual indefinite locative masculine)
tъšču (dual feminine indefinite locative)
tъšču (dual indefinite locative neuter)
tъšča (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
tъšči (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
tъšči (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
tъšči (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
tъščę̇ (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
tъšča (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
tъščь (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
tъščь (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
tъščь (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
tъščemъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
tъščamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
tъščemъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
tъščę̇ (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
tъščę̇ (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
tъšča (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
tъšči (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
tъščami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
tъšči (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
tъščixъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
tъščaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
tъščixъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
tъšči (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
tъščę̇ (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
tъšča (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
tъščьjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
tъščaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
tъščeje (definite neuter nominative singular)
tъščajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
tъščę̇ję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
tъščajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
tъščujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
tъščiji (dative definite feminine singular)
tъščujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
tъščьjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
tъščǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
tъščeje (accusative definite neuter singular)
tъščijimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
tъščǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
tъščijimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
tъščijemь (definite locative masculine singular)
tъščiji (definite feminine locative singular)
tъščijemь (definite locative neuter singular)
tъščьjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
tъščaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
tъščeje (definite neuter singular vocative)
tъščaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
tъščiji (definite dual feminine nominative)
tъščiji (definite dual neuter nominative)
tъščuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
tъščuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
tъščuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
tъščijima (dative definite dual masculine)
tъščijima (dative definite dual feminine)
tъščijima (dative definite dual neuter)
tъščaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
tъščiji (accusative definite dual feminine)
tъščiji (accusative definite dual neuter)
tъščijima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
tъščijima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
tъščijima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
tъščuju (definite dual locative masculine)
tъščuju (definite dual feminine locative)
tъščuju (definite dual locative neuter)
tъščaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
tъščiji (definite dual feminine vocative)
tъščiji (definite dual neuter vocative)
tъščiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
tъščę̇ję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
tъščaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
tъščьjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
tъščьjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
tъščьjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
tъščijimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
tъščijimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
tъščijimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
tъščę̇ję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
tъščę̇ję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
tъščaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
tъščijimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
tъščijimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
tъščijimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
tъščijixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
tъščijixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
tъščijixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
tъščiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
tъščę̇ję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
tъščaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *tъščь (soft)

Definite declension of *tъščь (soft)

East Slavic:

Russian: то́щий (tóščij)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

desc

Old Cyrillic script: тъщь (tŭštĭ), тъшть (tŭštĭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: та̏шт

Latin script: tȁšt

Slovene: tə̀šč (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: tští

desctree

Old Polish: czczy
Polish: czczy
→ Belarusian: тшчы (tščy)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tuskjas, from *tews- (“to be empty”). Cognate with Latvian tukšs, Lithuanian tùščias, Proto-Indo-Iranian *tusćyás (whence Vedic Sanskrit तुच्छ्य (tucchyá), Persian تهی (tohi)). Vasmer points an origin from proto-Indo-European *tweskʷ- (“desert”), which may be just an enlargement of *tews-. From this root is Latin tesqua.

tъščeslavьje

vanity; late invention in Church Slavonic


skoba

skobà (canonical feminine)
c (accent-paradigm)
skobà (nominative singular)
skȍbě (dual nominative)
skȍby (nominative plural)
skobý (genitive singular)
skobù (dual genitive)
skòbъ (genitive plural)
skobě̀ (dative singular)
skobàma (dative dual)
skobàmъ (dative plural)
skȍbǫ (accusative singular)
skȍbě (accusative dual)
skȍby (accusative plural)
skobojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
skobàma (dual instrumental)
skobàmi (instrumental plural)
skȍbě (locative singular)
skobù (dual locative)
skobàsъ (locative plural)
skobàxъ (locative plural)
skobo (singular vocative)
skȍbě (dual vocative)
skȍby (plural vocative)

Old East Slavic: скоба (skoba)

Belarusian: скаба́ (skabá)

Russian: скоба́ (skobá)

Ukrainian: ско́ба (skóba), dial. скоба́ (skobá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: скоба (skoba)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⰽⱁⰱⰰ (skoba)

Bulgarian: ско́ба (skóba)

Macedonian: ско́ба (skóba)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ско̏ба

Latin script: skȍba

Slovene: skȯ́bа (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: skoba

Slovak: skoba

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: scoabă (“crampon”)

→ Hungarian: eszkába

Main proposals:
* Meillet, Leskien: Related to dialectal Russian ко́бень (kóbenʹ, “hook”), Lithuanian sánkaba/sùkaba (“clasp”), kabė (“clasp”), kablỹs (“hook”) (from Lithuanian kabėti (“to hang”)), Latvian kablis (“hook”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kebʰ- (“to hook, to hold, to fasten”). Further akin to Sanskrit स्कम्भ (skambhá, “pole”) (with nasal infix).
* Miklošič, Uhlenbeck: From Proto-Indo-European *(s)keb- (“to shape”), *(s)kemb- (“to bend”), related to Proto-Germanic *skapą (“shape”), *humpaz (“hump”), Latin scamnum (“bench”), Ancient Greek κόμβος (kómbos, “node”), Proto-Celtic *kambos (“twisted, crooked”), possibly Proto-Germanic *skup- (“barn, shop”).
* Less likely from Proto-Indo-European *skabʰ- (“to scratch, to carve”), related to Proto-Slavic *skobľь, *skobľa (“cutting tool, scraper”), Lithuanian skabýti (“to delve”). Further related to Ancient Greek σκᾰ́φος (skáphos, “hull of a ship”), σκάφη (skáphē, “bowl, tube”), Latin scobis (“wood chip”). Compare dialectal Bulgarian ско́ба (skóba, “wide chisel”), Romanian scoabă (“adze”) (a Slavic borrowing).


stьrbnǫti

stьrbenьje (noun-from-verb)
stьrbnǫti (infinitive)
stьrbnǫtъ (supine)
stьrblъ (l-participle)
stьrbenъ (participle passive past)
stьrbnomъ (participle passive present)
stьrbъ (active participle past)
stьrbny (active participle present)
stьrbъ (aorist first-person singular)
stьrboxъ (aorist first-person singular)
stьrbe (aorist second-person singular)
stьrbe (aorist singular third-person)
stьrbnǫ (first-person present singular)
stьrbneši (present second-person singular)
stьrbnetь (present singular third-person)
stьrbově (aorist dual first-person)
stьrboxově (aorist dual first-person)
stьrbeta (aorist dual second-person)
stьrbosta (aorist dual second-person)
stьrbete (aorist dual third-person)
stьrboste (aorist dual third-person)
stьrbnevě (dual first-person present)
stьrbneta (dual present second-person)
stьrbnete (dual present third-person)
stьrbomъ (aorist first-person plural)
stьrboxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
stьrbete (aorist plural second-person)
stьrboste (aorist plural second-person)
stьrbǫ (aorist plural third-person)
stьrbošę (aorist plural third-person)
stьrbnemъ (first-person plural present)
stьrbnete (plural present second-person)
stьrbnǫtь (plural present third-person)
stьrbněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
stьrbněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
stьrbněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
stьrbni (imperative second-person singular)
stьrbni (imperative singular third-person)
stьrbněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
stьrbněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
stьrbněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
stьrbněvě (dual first-person imperative)
stьrbněta (dual imperative second-person)
stьrbněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
stьrbněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
stьrbněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
stьrbněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
stьrbněte (imperative plural second-person)

Church Slavonic: стръблъ (strŭblŭ)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: *стьрбнути (*stĭrbnuti)

Russian: сте́рбнуть (stérbnutʹ)

Ukrainian: *стербнути (*sterbnuty)

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sterbʰ-.
Cognate with
Proto-Germanic *sterbaną (> Old High German stërban),
Ancient Greek στέρφος (stérphos),
also
Lithuanian tar̃pti, tarpstù.


storbiti

storbľenьje (noun-from-verb)
storbiti (infinitive)
storbitъ (supine)
storbilъ (l-participle)
storbľenъ (participle passive past)
storbimъ (participle passive present)
storbľь (active participle past)
storbę (active participle present)
storbixъ (aorist first-person singular)
storbi (aorist second-person singular)
storbi (aorist singular third-person)
storbľǫ (first-person present singular)
storbiši (present second-person singular)
storbitь (present singular third-person)
storbixově (aorist dual first-person)
storbista (aorist dual second-person)
storbiste (aorist dual third-person)
storbivě (dual first-person present)
storbita (dual present second-person)
storbite (dual present third-person)
storbixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
storbiste (aorist plural second-person)
storbišę (aorist plural third-person)
storbimъ (first-person plural present)
storbite (plural present second-person)
storbętь (plural present third-person)
storbľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
storbľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
storbľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
storbi (imperative second-person singular)
storbi (imperative singular third-person)
storbľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
storbľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
storbľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
storbivě (dual first-person imperative)
storbita (dual imperative second-person)
storbľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
storbľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
storbľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
storbimъ (first-person imperative plural)
storbite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

устороби́ться

Russian: устороби́ться (ustorobítʹsja) (prefixed with *u-) (obsolete)

осторобитися

Ukrainian: осторобитися (ostorobytysja, “to frighten”) (prefixed with *ob-)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: страбити (strabiti, “to relieve (pain, discomfort)”)

Serbo-Croatian:

острабити се

Cyrillic script: острабити се (“to heal”) (prefixed with *ob-)

West Slavic:

Old Polish: postrobić (“to strenghten”) (prefixed with *po-)


sǫsědъ

sǫsědъ (nominative singular)
sǫsěda (dual nominative)
sǫsědi (nominative plural)
sǫsěda (genitive singular)
sǫsědu (dual genitive)
sǫsědъ (genitive plural)
sǫsědu (dative singular)
sǫsědoma (dative dual)
sǫsědomъ (dative plural)
sǫsědъ (accusative singular)
sǫsěda (accusative dual)
sǫsědy (accusative plural)
sǫsědъmь (instrumental singular)
sǫsědomь (instrumental singular)
sǫsědoma (dual instrumental)
sǫsědy (instrumental plural)
sǫsědě (locative singular)
sǫsědu (dual locative)
sǫsěděxъ (locative plural)
sǫsěde (singular vocative)
sǫsěda (dual vocative)
sǫsědi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сѫсѣдъ (sǫsědŭ), сусѣдъ (susědŭ)

Old Ruthenian: сусѣдъ (susěd), сусидъ (susid)

Belarusian: сусе́д (susjéd)

Carpathian Rusyn: сусїд (susjid)

Ukrainian: сусі́д (susíd)

Russian: сусе́д (suséd), сосе́д (soséd)

→ Veps: sused

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: сѫсѣдъ (sǫsědŭ)

→ Hungarian: szomszéd

Bulgarian: съсе́д (sǎséd)

Macedonian: сосед (sosed)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: су́сед, су́сјед

Latin: súsed, súsjed

Slovene: sôsed, sósed

West Slavic:

Old Czech: súsěd

Czech: soused

Moravian (Mistřice): súsed

Kashubian: sąsôd

Polish: sąsiad

Silesian: sōmsiŏd

Slovak: sused

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: susod

Lower Sorbian: sused

From *sǫ- (“together”) + *sъsěsti (“to sit together, next to each other”) or *sěsti (“to sit”).


svěžь

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *svěžь (soft)

Definite declension of *svěžь (soft)

svěžь (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
svěža (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
svěže (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
svěža (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
svěžę̇ (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
svěža (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
svěžu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
svěži (dative feminine indefinite singular)
svěžu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
svěžь (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
svěžǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
svěže (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
svěžemь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
svěžejǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
svěžemь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
svěži (indefinite locative masculine singular)
svěži (feminine indefinite locative singular)
svěži (indefinite locative neuter singular)
svěžu (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
svěže (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
svěže (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
svěža (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
svěži (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
svěži (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
svěžu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
svěžu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
svěžu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
svěžema (dative dual indefinite masculine)
svěžama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
svěžema (dative dual indefinite neuter)
svěža (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
svěži (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
svěži (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
svěžema (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
svěžama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
svěžema (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
svěžu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
svěžu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
svěžu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
svěža (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
svěži (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
svěži (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
svěži (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
svěžę̇ (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
svěža (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
svěžь (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
svěžь (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
svěžь (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
svěžemъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
svěžamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
svěžemъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
svěžę̇ (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
svěžę̇ (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
svěža (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
svěži (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
svěžami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
svěži (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
svěžixъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
svěžaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
svěžixъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
svěži (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
svěžę̇ (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
svěža (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
svěžьjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
svěžaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
svěžeje (definite neuter nominative singular)
svěžajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
svěžę̇ję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
svěžajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
svěžujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
svěžiji (dative definite feminine singular)
svěžujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
svěžьjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
svěžǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
svěžeje (accusative definite neuter singular)
svěžijimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
svěžǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
svěžijimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
svěžijemь (definite locative masculine singular)
svěžiji (definite feminine locative singular)
svěžijemь (definite locative neuter singular)
svěžьjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
svěžaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
svěžeje (definite neuter singular vocative)
svěžaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
svěžiji (definite dual feminine nominative)
svěžiji (definite dual neuter nominative)
svěžuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
svěžuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
svěžuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
svěžijima (dative definite dual masculine)
svěžijima (dative definite dual feminine)
svěžijima (dative definite dual neuter)
svěžaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
svěžiji (accusative definite dual feminine)
svěžiji (accusative definite dual neuter)
svěžijima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
svěžijima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
svěžijima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
svěžuju (definite dual locative masculine)
svěžuju (definite dual feminine locative)
svěžuju (definite dual locative neuter)
svěžaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
svěžiji (definite dual feminine vocative)
svěžiji (definite dual neuter vocative)
svěžiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
svěžę̇ję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
svěžaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
svěžьjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
svěžьjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
svěžьjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
svěžijimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
svěžijimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
svěžijimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
svěžę̇ję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
svěžę̇ję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
svěžaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
svěžijimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
svěžijimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
svěžijimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
svěžijixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
svěžijixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
svěžijixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
svěžiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
svěžę̇ję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
svěžaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: свѣжь (svěžĭ)

desc

Old Ruthenian: свѣжїй (svěžij), свѣжый (svěžyj)

Belarusian: све́жы (svjéžy)

Ukrainian: сві́жий (svížyj)

Russian: све́жий (svéžij)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: свеж (svež)

Macedonian: свеж (svež)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: све̏ж (Ekavian), свје̏ж (Ijekavian)

Latin: svȅž (Ekavian), svjȅž (Ijekavian)

Slovene: svež

West Slavic:

Czech: svěží

Old Polish: śwież

Polish: świeży

Slovak: svieži

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian:

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *swaigis.
Unclear: ě (< long monophthong [ě₁] or diphthong [ě₂]), ž (< g or z).
* Compare Latin vigeō (ě₂?+z) and possibly Latin vegeō (< *weǵ-, ě₁+z)
* Compare Lithuanian sveĩkas (“healthy”) or/and Latvian svaigs (ě₂+g) or/and Lithuanian šviežias (although it could be a Slavic borrowing) or/and Old Norse sykn (“innocent”), Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌺𐌽𐍃 (swikns).
* Compare Irish féig (“sharp”) or Albanian vogëlë or Lithuanian sviegas or Russian свига́ть (svigátʹ) (ě₂+g).


světьlъ

svě̑tьlъ (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
svě̑tьlъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
svě̑tьla (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
svě̑tьlo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
svě̑tьla (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
svě̑tьly (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
svě̑tьla (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
svě̑tьlu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
svě̑tьlě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
svě̑tьlu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
svě̑tьlъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
svě̑tьlǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
svě̑tьlo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
svě̑tьlomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
svě̑tьlojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
svě̑tьlomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
svě̑tьlě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
svě̑tьlě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
svě̑tьlě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
svě̑tьle (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
svě̑tьlo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
svě̑tьlo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
svě̑tьla (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
svě̑tьlě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
svě̑tьlě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
svě̑tьlu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
svě̑tьlu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
svě̑tьlu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
svě̑tьloma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
svě̑tьlama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
svě̑tьloma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
svě̑tьla (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
svě̑tьlě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
svě̑tьlě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
svě̑tьloma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
svě̑tьlama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
svě̑tьloma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
svě̑tьlu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
svě̑tьlu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
svě̑tьlu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
svě̑tьla (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
svě̑tьlě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
svě̑tьlě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
svě̑tьli (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
svě̑tьly (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
svě̑tьla (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
svě̑tьlъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
svě̑tьlъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
svě̑tьlъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
svě̑tьlomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
svě̑tьlamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
svě̑tьlomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
svě̑tьly (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
svě̑tьly (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
svě̑tьla (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
svě̑tьly (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
svě̑tьlami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
svě̑tьly (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
svě̑tьlěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
svě̑tьlaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
svě̑tьlěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
svě̑tьli (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
svě̑tьly (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
svě̑tьla (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
c (accent-paradigm)
svě̑tьlъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
svě̑tьlaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
svě̑tьloje (definite neuter nominative singular)
svě̑tьlajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
svě̑tьlyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
svě̑tьlajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
svě̑tьlujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
svě̑tьlěji (dative definite feminine singular)
svě̑tьlujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
svě̑tьlъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
svě̑tьlǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
svě̑tьloje (accusative definite neuter singular)
svě̑tьlyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
svě̑tьlǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
svě̑tьlyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
svě̑tьlějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
svě̑tьlěji (definite feminine locative singular)
svě̑tьlějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
svě̑tьlъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
svě̑tьlaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
svě̑tьloje (definite neuter singular vocative)
svě̑tьlaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
svě̑tьlěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
svě̑tьlěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
svě̑tьluju (definite dual genitive masculine)
svě̑tьluju (definite dual feminine genitive)
svě̑tьluju (definite dual genitive neuter)
svě̑tьlyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
svě̑tьlyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
svě̑tьlyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
svě̑tьlaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
svě̑tьlěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
svě̑tьlěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
svě̑tьlyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
svě̑tьlyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
svě̑tьlyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
svě̑tьluju (definite dual locative masculine)
svě̑tьluju (definite dual feminine locative)
svě̑tьluju (definite dual locative neuter)
svě̑tьlaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
svě̑tьlěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
svě̑tьlěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
svě̑tьliji (definite masculine nominative plural)
svě̑tьlyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
svě̑tьlaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
svě̑tьlъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
svě̑tьlъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
svě̑tьlъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
svě̑tьlyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
svě̑tьlyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
svě̑tьlyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
svě̑tьlyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
svě̑tьlyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
svě̑tьlaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
svě̑tьlyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
svě̑tьlyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
svě̑tьlyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
svě̑tьlyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
svě̑tьlyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
svě̑tьlyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
svě̑tьliji (definite masculine plural vocative)
svě̑tьlyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
svě̑tьlaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

be:Віктар Уладзіміравіч Мартынаў
be:Генадзь Апанасавіч Цыхун

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *světьlъ (hard, accent paradigm c)

Definite declension of *světьlъ (hard, accent paradigm c)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *свѣтьлъ (*světĭlŭ)

Belarusian: све́тлы (svjétly)

Ukrainian: сві́тлий (svítlyj)

Russian: све́тлый (svétlyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: свѣтьлъ (světĭlŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⰲⱑⱅⱐⰾⱏ (světĭlŭ)

Bulgarian: светъл (svetǎl)

Macedonian: светол (svetol)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: све́тао, свије́тао

Latin: svétao, svijétao

Slovene: svétəł (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: světlý

Czech: světlý

Old Polish: światły

Polish: światły

Slovak: svetlý

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: swětły

Upper Sorbian: swětły


olsь

ȏlsь (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
ȏlsь (nominative singular)
ȏlsi (dual nominative)
ȏlsьjē (nominative plural)
olsí (genitive singular)
olsьjù (dual genitive)
olsь̀jь (genitive plural)
ȏlsi (dative singular)
olsьmà (dative dual)
ȏlsьmъ (dative plural)
ȏlsь (accusative singular)
ȏlsi (accusative dual)
ȏlsi (accusative plural)
ȏlsьmь (instrumental singular)
olsьmà (dual instrumental)
olsьmì (instrumental plural)
olsí (locative singular)
olsьjù (dual locative)
ȏlsьxъ (locative plural)
olsi (singular vocative)
ȏlsi (dual vocative)
ȏlsьjē (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: лось (losĭ)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: лось (losʹ)
Belarusian: лось (losʹ); лусь (lusʹ), лэсь (lesʹ) (dialectal)
Carpathian Rusyn: лось (losʹ)
Ukrainian: лось (losʹ)

Russian: лось (losʹ)

→ Bulgarian: лос (los)

→ Macedonian: лос (los)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ло̏с

Latin script: lȍs

→ Slovene: lọ̑s (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: los

Czech: los

Old Polish: łoś

Polish: łoś

Old Slovak: los

Pannonian Rusyn: лос (los)

Slovak: los

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: łos

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: łos

Upper Sorbian: łós

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *alśis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ól-ḱ-is ~ h₁él-ḱ-is, from *h₁el- (“deer”). Cognate with English elk.

inh

(North Slavic) elk (British), moose (U.S.)

History of Proto-Slavic#Progressive palatalization


melzivo

melzivo (nominative singular)
melzivě (dual nominative)
melziva (nominative plural)
melziva (genitive singular)
melzivu (dual genitive)
melzivъ (genitive plural)
melzivu (dative singular)
melzivoma (dative dual)
melzivomъ (dative plural)
melzivo (accusative singular)
melzivě (accusative dual)
melziva (accusative plural)
melzivъmь (instrumental singular)
melzivomь (instrumental singular)
melzivoma (dual instrumental)
melzivy (instrumental plural)
melzivě (locative singular)
melzivu (dual locative)
melzivěxъ (locative plural)
melzivo (singular vocative)
melzivě (dual vocative)
melziva (plural vocative)
melziva (nominative singular)
melzivě (dual nominative)
melzivy (nominative plural)
melzivy (genitive singular)
melzivu (dual genitive)
melzivъ (genitive plural)
melzivě (dative singular)
melzivama (dative dual)
melzivamъ (dative plural)
melzivǫ (accusative singular)
melzivě (accusative dual)
melzivy (accusative plural)
melzivojǫ (instrumental singular)
melzivǫ (instrumental singular)
melzivama (dual instrumental)
melzivami (instrumental plural)
melzivě (locative singular)
melzivu (dual locative)
melzivasъ (locative plural)
melzivaxъ (locative plural)
melzivo (singular vocative)
melzivě (dual vocative)
melzivy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: молозиво (molozivo)

desc

Belarusian: мало́дзіва (malódziva), маладзі́ва (maladzíva)

Russian: моло́зиво (molózivo)

Ukrainian: моло́зиво (molózyvo)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: млѣзиво (mlězivo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мле̏зӣво, мље̏зӣво

Latin script: mlȅzīvo, mljȅzīvo

Slovene: mlezivo n, mleziva f

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mlezivo

Czech: mlezivo

Moravian (Mistřice): mlezivo

Old Polish: mleziwo

Polish: młodziwo n, mleziwa f

Slovak: mledzivo

Substantivized adjective *melzivo or from *melzti (“to milk”) + *-ivo


paportь

pàportь (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
pàportь (nominative singular)
pàporti (dual nominative)
pàporti (nominative plural)
pàportī (genitive singular)
pàportьju (dual genitive)
pàportьjь (genitive plural)
pàporti (dative singular)
pàportьma (dative dual)
pàportьmъ (dative plural)
pàportь (accusative singular)
pàporti (accusative dual)
pàporti (accusative plural)
pàportьjǫ (instrumental singular)
pàportьma (dual instrumental)
pàportьmī (instrumental plural)
pàportī (locative singular)
pàportьju (dual locative)
pàportьxъ (locative plural)
paporti (singular vocative)
pàporti (dual vocative)
pàporti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: папороть (paporotĭ)

Belarusian: па́параць (páparacʹ)

⇒ Belarusian: па́паратнік (páparatnik)

Russian: па́пороть (páporotʹ)

⇒ Russian: па́поротник (páporotnik)

Ukrainian: па́пороть (páporotʹ)

⇒ Ukrainian: па́поротник (páporotnyk)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: папрат (paprat)

Macedonian: папрат (paprat)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: па̏пра̄т

Latin script: pȁprāt

Slovene: práprot (< *paprat/*praprat)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kapratie

Czech: kapraď (< *paprať)

Kashubian: parpac

Polabian: porport

Polish: paproć

Slovak: papraď, kapradie, papradie

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: paproś

Upper Sorbian: paproć

From reduplicated root *pa-por- + *-tь with unexpected 'a', from Proto-Indo-European *(s)per- or maybe *p(t)erH-?.
Cognate with
Lithuanian papártis, papar̃tis, papartу̃s (“fern”),
Latvian papar̂de (“fern”), paparkste, paparksts (“fern”).
Also
Lithuanian spar̃nas (“wing”),
Latvian spàrns (“wing”),
Proto-Indo-Iranian *parnám (“wing, feather”) (> Sanskrit पर्ण (parṇám), Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀 n (par^əna)),
Proto-Celtic *ɸratis (“fern”) (> Irish raith),
Proto-West Germanic *farn (“fern”) (> English fern, Old High German farn).
For the meaning compare
Czech čertí péro (“fern”), Ancient Greek πτερίς (pterís, “fern”) (< πτερόν (pterón, “wing”)).


tьstь

tьstь (nominative singular)
tьsti (dual nominative)
tьstьje (nominative plural)
tьsťe (nominative plural)
tьsti (genitive singular)
tьstьju (dual genitive)
tьsťu (dual genitive)
tьstьjь (genitive plural)
tьsti (genitive plural)
tьsti (dative singular)
tьstьma (dative dual)
tьstьmъ (dative plural)
tьstь (accusative singular)
tьsti (accusative dual)
tьsti (accusative plural)
tьstьmь (instrumental singular)
tьstьma (dual instrumental)
tьstьmi (instrumental plural)
tьsti (locative singular)
tьstьju (dual locative)
tьsťu (dual locative)
tьstьxъ (locative plural)
tьsti (singular vocative)
tьsti (dual vocative)
tьstьje (plural vocative)
tьsťe (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: тьсть (tĭstĭ)

Belarusian: цесць (cjescʹ)

Russian: тесть (testʹ)

Ukrainian: тесть (testʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: тьсть (tĭstĭ)

Bulgarian: тъст (tǎst)

Macedonian: тест (test)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: та̏ст

Latin script: tȁst

Slovene: tást, test

West Slavic:

Old Czech: test

Czech: test

Old Polish: cieść

Polish: teść

Slovak: tesť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: ćest

Unclear:
* From *tьt- + *-tь and related to *tata (“dad”), *teta (“aunt”). Compare lt Lithuanian tėtė : tėtis (“dad”), tetà (“aunt”), Old Prussian thetis (“grandfather”), Saterland Frisian tate, Latin tata (“daddy”), Sanskrit तत (tatáḥ), also Swedish titta (“aunt, auntie”), Ancient Greek τέττα (tétta).
* From *tьs- + *-tь, from Proto-Indo-European *teḱ-. Compare Ancient Greek τίκτω (tíktō, “to beget”), τέκνον (téknon, “child”), οἱ τοκεῖς pl (hoi tokeîs, “parents”) (= οἱ γονεῖς pl (hoi goneîs)), also Frankish *tichter, Old High German degan.
Old Prussian tisties (“father-in-law (wife's father)”) is related to or borrowed from Slavic.

ętry

sister-in-law (husband's brother's wife)


pъvati

pъvàti (canonical imperfective)
pъvanьje (noun-from-verb)
pъvati (infinitive)
pъvatъ (supine)
pъvalъ (l-participle)
pъvanъ (participle passive past)
pъvajemъ (participle passive present)
pъvavъ (active participle past)
pъvaję (active participle present)
pъvaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
pъva (aorist second-person singular)
pъva (aorist singular third-person)
pъvajǫ (first-person present singular)
pъvaješi (present second-person singular)
pъvajetь (present singular third-person)
pъvaxově (aorist dual first-person)
pъvasta (aorist dual second-person)
pъvaste (aorist dual third-person)
pъvajevě (dual first-person present)
pъvajeta (dual present second-person)
pъvajete (dual present third-person)
pъvaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pъvaste (aorist plural second-person)
pъvašę (aorist plural third-person)
pъvajemъ (first-person plural present)
pъvajete (plural present second-person)
pъvajǫtь (plural present third-person)
pъvaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pъvaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pъvaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pъvaji (imperative second-person singular)
pъvaji (imperative singular third-person)
pъvaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pъvaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pъvaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pъvajivě (dual first-person imperative)
pъvajita (dual imperative second-person)
pъvaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pъvaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pъvaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pъvajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
pъvajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: пъвати (pŭvati)

West Slavic:

Old Polish: pwać

According to Snoj, from *pъvъ + *-ati. Further etymology is uncertain.
Vasmer considers a possible relation with Lithuanian pū́ti (“to rot”), Latvian pūt (“to smell”), which ultimately descend from proto-Indo-European *pewH- (“to purify”), but qualifies it as questionable.


pьlžь

pь̀lžь (canonical masculine)
a (accent-paradigm)
pьlžь (nominative singular)
pь̀lža (dual nominative)
pь̀lži (nominative plural)
pь̀lža (genitive singular)
pь̀lžu (dual genitive)
pь̀lžь (genitive plural)
pь̀lžu (dative singular)
pь̀lžema (dative dual)
pь̀lžēmъ (dative plural)
pьlžь (accusative singular)
pь̀lža (accusative dual)
pь̀lžę̇ (accusative plural)
pь̀lžьmь (instrumental singular)
pь̀lžemь (instrumental singular)
pь̀lžema (dual instrumental)
pь̀lžī (instrumental plural)
pь̀lži (locative singular)
pь̀lžu (dual locative)
pь̀lžīxъ (locative plural)
pь̀lžu (singular vocative)
pь̀lža (dual vocative)
pь̀lži (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: плъж (plǎž, “slug”) (dialectal)

⇒ Bulgarian: плу́жек (plúžek) (standard)

Macedonian: полжав (polžav)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пу̑ж

Latin script: pȗž

Slovene: pọ̄lž

West Slavic:

Old Czech: plž

Czech: plž

From *pьlztì (“to craw”) + *-jь, encountered mainly in South Slavic.


upъvati

upъvàti (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
upъvanьje (noun-from-verb)
upъvati (infinitive)
upъvatъ (supine)
upъvalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
upъvanъ (participle passive past)
pъvomъ (participle passive present)
upъvavъ (active participle past)
pъvy (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
upъvaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
upъva (aorist second-person singular)
upъva (aorist singular third-person)
pъvǫ (first-person present singular)
pъveši (present second-person singular)
pъvetь (present singular third-person)
upъvaxově (aorist dual first-person)
upъvasta (aorist dual second-person)
upъvaste (aorist dual third-person)
pъvevě (dual first-person present)
pъveta (dual present second-person)
pъvete (dual present third-person)
upъvaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
upъvaste (aorist plural second-person)
upъvašę (aorist plural third-person)
pъvemъ (first-person plural present)
pъvete (plural present second-person)
pъvǫtь (plural present third-person)
upъvaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
upъvaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
upъvaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pъvi (imperative second-person singular)
pъvi (imperative singular third-person)
upъvaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
upъvaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
upъvaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pъvěvě (dual first-person imperative)
pъvěta (dual imperative second-person)
upъvaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
upъvaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
upъvaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pъvěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
pъvěte (imperative plural second-person)
a (accent-paradigm)
upъvanьje (noun-from-verb)
upъvati (infinitive)
upъvatъ (supine)
upъvalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
upъvanъ (participle passive past)
upъvajemъ (participle passive present)
upъvavъ (active participle past)
upъvaję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
upъvaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
upъva (aorist second-person singular)
upъva (aorist singular third-person)
upъvajǫ (first-person present singular)
upъvaješi (present second-person singular)
upъvajetь (present singular third-person)
upъvaxově (aorist dual first-person)
upъvasta (aorist dual second-person)
upъvaste (aorist dual third-person)
upъvajevě (dual first-person present)
upъvajeta (dual present second-person)
upъvajete (dual present third-person)
upъvaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
upъvaste (aorist plural second-person)
upъvašę (aorist plural third-person)
upъvajemъ (first-person plural present)
upъvajete (plural present second-person)
upъvajǫtь (plural present third-person)
upъvaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
upъvaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
upъvaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
upъvaji (imperative second-person singular)
upъvaji (imperative singular third-person)
upъvaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
upъvaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
upъvaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
upъvajivě (dual first-person imperative)
upъvajita (dual imperative second-person)
upъvaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
upъvaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
upъvaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
upъvajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
upъvajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: упова́ть (upovátʹ)

Ukrainian: упова́ти (upováty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: оупъвати (upŭvati)

desc

Bulgarian: упова́ pf (upová), упова́вам impf (upovávam)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: у̀фати

Latin script: ufati

Slovene: ȗpati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: úfati

Kashubian: duchwac, dupwac

Old Polish: ufać

Polish: ufać

Slovak: úfаť


makati

makanьje (noun-from-verb)
makati (infinitive)
makatъ (supine)
makalъ (l-participle)
makanъ (participle passive past)
makajemъ (participle passive present)
makavъ (active participle past)
makaję (active participle present)
makaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
maka (aorist second-person singular)
maka (aorist singular third-person)
makajǫ (first-person present singular)
makaješi (present second-person singular)
makajetь (present singular third-person)
makaxově (aorist dual first-person)
makasta (aorist dual second-person)
makaste (aorist dual third-person)
makajevě (dual first-person present)
makajeta (dual present second-person)
makajete (dual present third-person)
makaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
makaste (aorist plural second-person)
makašę (aorist plural third-person)
makajemъ (first-person plural present)
makajete (plural present second-person)
makajǫtь (plural present third-person)
makaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
makaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
makaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
makaji (imperative second-person singular)
makaji (imperative singular third-person)
makaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
makaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
makaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
makajivě (dual first-person imperative)
makajita (dual imperative second-person)
makaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
makaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
makaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
makajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
makajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: макати (makati)

Belarusian: мака́ць (makácʹ)

Russian: мака́ть (makátʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: макати (makati)

Bulgarian: ма́кам (mákam) (dialectal)

Macedonian: мака (maka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ма́кати

Latin script: mákati

West Slavic:

Czech: mákat


posoka

posoka (nominative singular)
posocě (dual nominative)
posoky (nominative plural)
posoky (genitive singular)
posoku (dual genitive)
posokъ (genitive plural)
posocě (dative singular)
posokama (dative dual)
posokamъ (dative plural)
posokǫ (accusative singular)
posocě (accusative dual)
posoky (accusative plural)
posokojǫ (instrumental singular)
posokǫ (instrumental singular)
posokama (dual instrumental)
posokami (instrumental plural)
posocě (locative singular)
posoku (dual locative)
posokasъ (locative plural)
posokaxъ (locative plural)
posoko (singular vocative)
posocě (dual vocative)
posoky (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: посо́ка (posóka)

Macedonian: посока (posoka)

Action noun of *posočiti (“to point out”), from *po- + *sočiti + *-a. Morphologically identical with Lithuanian pãsaka (“fairy tale”), Latvian pasaka (“legend, folktale”) (originally meaning “something said, implied”).


lyko

lỳko (canonical neuter)
a (accent-paradigm)
lỳko (nominative singular)
lỳcě (dual nominative)
lỳka (nominative plural)
lỳka (genitive singular)
lỳku (dual genitive)
lỳkъ (genitive plural)
lỳku (dative singular)
lỳkoma (dative dual)
lỳkomъ (dative plural)
lỳko (accusative singular)
lỳcě (accusative dual)
lỳka (accusative plural)
lỳkъmь (instrumental singular)
lỳkomь (instrumental singular)
lỳkoma (dual instrumental)
lỳkȳ (instrumental plural)
lỳcě (locative singular)
lỳku (dual locative)
lỳcě̄xъ (locative plural)
lỳko (singular vocative)
lỳcě (dual vocative)
lỳka (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: лы́ка (lýka)

Russian: лы́ко (lýko)

Ukrainian: лико (lyko)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: лꙑко (lyko)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: ли́ко (líko)

Macedonian: лико (liko)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ли̏ко

Latin script: lȉko

Slovene: líkọ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: lýko

Czech: lýko

Moravian (Mistřice): u̯iko

Kashubian:

Polabian:

Polish: łyko

Slovak: lyko

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: łyko

Lower Sorbian: łyko

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *lúnˀka (“bast”).


sětiti

sěťenьje (noun-from-verb)
sětiti (infinitive)
sětitъ (supine)
sětilъ (l-participle)
sěťenъ (participle passive past)
sěťь (active participle past)
sětixъ (aorist first-person singular)
sěti (aorist second-person singular)
sěti (aorist singular third-person)
sěťǫ (first-person present singular)
sětiši (present second-person singular)
sětitь (present singular third-person)
sětixově (aorist dual first-person)
sětista (aorist dual second-person)
sětiste (aorist dual third-person)
sětivě (dual first-person present)
sětita (dual present second-person)
sětite (dual present third-person)
sětixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sětiste (aorist plural second-person)
sětišę (aorist plural third-person)
sětimъ (first-person plural present)
sětite (plural present second-person)
sětętь (plural present third-person)
sěti (imperative second-person singular)
sěti (imperative singular third-person)
sětivě (dual first-person imperative)
sětita (dual imperative second-person)
sětimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sětite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сѣтити (sětiti)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱑⱅⰻⱅⰻ (sětiti)

Bulgarian: сѐщам се (sèštam se)

Macedonian: сети (seti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: се̏тити

Latin script: sȅtiti

From *sětь (“net, grid”) + *-iti, which ultimately descends from *sh₂ey- (“to bind”). Cognates include Lithuanian saisti (“to guess”), Proto-Germanic *siduz (“custom”), Welsh hud (“magic”).
The etymon is present only in South Slavic. Its original meaning probably was to make a connection, which eventually evolved into to recall a memory > to remember. Despite the superficial resemblance, the current etynom is distinct from *(u)sętiti (“to sense”).


sětiti

sěťenьje (noun-from-verb)
sětiti (infinitive)
sětitъ (supine)
sětilъ (l-participle)
sěťenъ (participle passive past)
sětimъ (participle passive present)
sěťь (active participle past)
sětę (active participle present)
sětixъ (aorist first-person singular)
sěti (aorist second-person singular)
sěti (aorist singular third-person)
sěťǫ (first-person present singular)
sětiši (present second-person singular)
sětitь (present singular third-person)
sětixově (aorist dual first-person)
sětista (aorist dual second-person)
sětiste (aorist dual third-person)
sětivě (dual first-person present)
sětita (dual present second-person)
sětite (dual present third-person)
sětixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sětiste (aorist plural second-person)
sětišę (aorist plural third-person)
sětimъ (first-person plural present)
sětite (plural present second-person)
sětętь (plural present third-person)
sěťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sěťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sěťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sěti (imperative second-person singular)
sěti (imperative singular third-person)
sěťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sěťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sěťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sětivě (dual first-person imperative)
sětita (dual imperative second-person)
sěťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sěťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sěťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sětimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sětite (imperative plural second-person)

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: сѣтити (sětiti)

PIE word
 *swé
From Proto-Indo-European *swēt-. Cognate with Lithuanian svẽčias (“guest”), Ancient Greek ἕταρος (hétaros, “comrade”). Per Derksen, the lengthened grade of the root is unexpected. The Indo-European root comes from the more basic root *swé (“self”) with a root extension.
The semantic shift relative, kin > to host is similar in nature to the development of Germanic *fulgāną (“to follow”) from *fulką (“people”). In both cases, the original meaning likely was to establish good relation with your relatives, which eventually evolved into to host or to follow, respectively.


bělivo

bělivo (nominative singular)
bělivě (dual nominative)
běliva (nominative plural)
běliva (genitive singular)
bělivu (dual genitive)
bělivъ (genitive plural)
bělivu (dative singular)
bělivoma (dative dual)
bělivomъ (dative plural)
bělivo (accusative singular)
bělivě (accusative dual)
běliva (accusative plural)
bělivъmь (instrumental singular)
bělivomь (instrumental singular)
bělivoma (dual instrumental)
bělivy (instrumental plural)
bělivě (locative singular)
bělivu (dual locative)
bělivěxъ (locative plural)
bělivo (singular vocative)
bělivě (dual vocative)
běliva (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: бе́лево (bélevo)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian: бе̏лӣво, бје̏лӣво

West Slavic:

Czech: bělivo


lazivo

lazivo (nominative singular)
lazivě (dual nominative)
laziva (nominative plural)
laziva (genitive singular)
lazivu (dual genitive)
lazivъ (genitive plural)
lazivu (dative singular)
lazivoma (dative dual)
lazivomъ (dative plural)
lazivo (accusative singular)
lazivě (accusative dual)
laziva (accusative plural)
lazivъmь (instrumental singular)
lazivomь (instrumental singular)
lazivoma (dual instrumental)
lazivy (instrumental plural)
lazivě (locative singular)
lazivu (dual locative)
lazivěxъ (locative plural)
lazivo (singular vocative)
lazivě (dual vocative)
laziva (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ла́зіва (láziva)

Russian: ла́зево (lázevo)

Ukrainian: ла́зиво (lázyvo)

West Slavic:

Polish: łaziwo

Slovak: lazivo


kolivo

kolivo (nominative singular)
kolivě (dual nominative)
koliva (nominative plural)
koliva (genitive singular)
kolivu (dual genitive)
kolivъ (genitive plural)
kolivu (dative singular)
kolivoma (dative dual)
kolivomъ (dative plural)
kolivo (accusative singular)
kolivě (accusative dual)
koliva (accusative plural)
kolivъmь (instrumental singular)
kolivomь (instrumental singular)
kolivoma (dual instrumental)
kolivy (instrumental plural)
kolivě (locative singular)
kolivu (dual locative)
kolivěxъ (locative plural)
kolivo (singular vocative)
kolivě (dual vocative)
koliva (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ко́ліва (kóliva)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ко́ливо (kólivo) (obsolete)

Macedonian: коливо (kolivo)

Serbo-Croatian: ко̏љӣво

West Slavic: —


kъrmivo

kъrmivo (nominative singular)
kъrmivě (dual nominative)
kъrmiva (nominative plural)
kъrmiva (genitive singular)
kъrmivu (dual genitive)
kъrmivъ (genitive plural)
kъrmivu (dative singular)
kъrmivoma (dative dual)
kъrmivomъ (dative plural)
kъrmivo (accusative singular)
kъrmivě (accusative dual)
kъrmiva (accusative plural)
kъrmivъmь (instrumental singular)
kъrmivomь (instrumental singular)
kъrmivoma (dual instrumental)
kъrmivy (instrumental plural)
kъrmivě (locative singular)
kъrmivu (dual locative)
kъrmivěxъ (locative plural)
kъrmivo (singular vocative)
kъrmivě (dual vocative)
kъrmiva (plural vocative)

East Slavic: —

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian: кр̏мӣво

West Slavic:

Czech: krmivo

Slovak: krmivo


žęďa

žę̃ďa (canonical feminine)
b (accent-paradigm)
žę̃ďa (nominative singular)
žę̃ďi (dual nominative)
žę̃ďę̇ (nominative plural)
žę̃ďę̇ (genitive singular)
žę̃ďu (dual genitive)
žę̃ďь (genitive plural)
žę̃ďi (dative singular)
žę̃ďama (dative dual)
žę̃ďamъ (dative plural)
žę̃ďǫ (accusative singular)
žę̃ďi (accusative dual)
žę̃ďę̇ (accusative plural)
žę̃ďejǫ (instrumental singular)
žę̃ďǫ (instrumental singular)
žę̃ďama (dual instrumental)
žę̃ďamī (instrumental plural)
žę̃ďi (locative singular)
žę̃ďu (dual locative)
žę̃ďasъ (locative plural)
žę̃ďaxъ (locative plural)
žęďe (singular vocative)
žę̃ďi (dual vocative)
žę̃ďę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: жажа (žaža)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: жѩжда, жѧжда

Bulgarian: жа́жда (žážda)

→ Russian: жа́жда (žážda)

Macedonian: жед (žed)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: же̑ђа, же̑ђ f

Latin: žȇđa, žȇđ f, [Term?]

Slovene: žeja, žé̯ja

West Slavic:

desc

Old Czech: *žáda, žiezě, žiezn, žiezen, žiezeň

⇒ Czech: žízeň
→ Slovak: žízeň

Old Polish: żądzá

Polish: żądza

Slovak: žiadza

From *žędati (“to wish, desire”) + *-ja.


melivo

melivo (nominative singular)
melivě (dual nominative)
meliva (nominative plural)
meliva (genitive singular)
melivu (dual genitive)
melivъ (genitive plural)
melivu (dative singular)
melivoma (dative dual)
melivomъ (dative plural)
melivo (accusative singular)
melivě (accusative dual)
meliva (accusative plural)
melivъmь (instrumental singular)
melivomь (instrumental singular)
melivoma (dual instrumental)
melivy (instrumental plural)
melivě (locative singular)
melivu (dual locative)
melivěxъ (locative plural)
melivo (singular vocative)
melivě (dual vocative)
meliva (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ме́ліва (mjéliva)

Russian: ме́лево (mélevo), ме́ливо (mélivo)

Ukrainian: ме́лево (mélevo)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ме́ливо (mélivo) (dialectal)

Macedonian: меливо (melivo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: mȅᶅȋvo

Slovene: melȋvo

West Slavic:

Old Czech: melivo

Czech: melivo

Polish: mieliwo (rare)

Slovak: melivo


ědivo

ědivo (nominative singular)
ědivě (dual nominative)
ědiva (nominative plural)
ědiva (genitive singular)
ědivu (dual genitive)
ědivъ (genitive plural)
ědivu (dative singular)
ědivoma (dative dual)
ědivomъ (dative plural)
ědivo (accusative singular)
ědivě (accusative dual)
ědiva (accusative plural)
ědivъmь (instrumental singular)
ědivomь (instrumental singular)
ědivoma (dual instrumental)
ědivy (instrumental plural)
ědivě (locative singular)
ědivu (dual locative)
ědivěxъ (locative plural)
ědivo (singular vocative)
ědivě (dual vocative)
ědiva (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ꙗдиво (jadivo)

Russian: е́дево (jédevo)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: яди́во (jadívo) (obsolete)

Serbo-Croatian: је̏ди̑во

Slovene: jedȋvo

West Slavic:

Czech: jedzivo, jezivo (dialectal)

Old Polish: jedziwo

Slovak: jedivo


krěslo

krě̀slo (canonical neuter)
a (accent-paradigm)
krě̀slo (nominative singular)
krě̀slě (dual nominative)
krě̀sla (nominative plural)
krě̀sla (genitive singular)
krě̀slu (dual genitive)
krě̀slъ (genitive plural)
krě̀slu (dative singular)
krě̀sloma (dative dual)
krě̀slomъ (dative plural)
krě̀slo (accusative singular)
krě̀slě (accusative dual)
krě̀sla (accusative plural)
krě̀slъmь (instrumental singular)
krě̀slomь (instrumental singular)
krě̀sloma (dual instrumental)
krě̀slȳ (instrumental plural)
krě̀slě (locative singular)
krě̀slu (dual locative)
krě̀slě̄xъ (locative plural)
krě̀slo (singular vocative)
krě̀slě (dual vocative)
krě̀sla (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кресло (kreslo)

Belarusian: крэ́сла (krésla)

Russian: кре́сло (kréslo, “armchair”)

Ukrainian: крі́сло (kríslo)

West Slavic:

Czech: křeslo

Old Polish: krzasło

Polish: krzesło

Slovak: kreslo, krieslo

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kréˀsla, from an earlier *kréˀslan, from Proto-Indo-European *kreh₁s-lo-m
* Derksen: From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kréˀsla;
* Nikolaev: From Proto-Balto-Slavic *krēˀslá (“arm-chair, chair”), from Proto-Indo-European *kreh₁s-lo-m;
* ESSJa: From *kretslo, from *kret- + *-slo, from Proto-Indo-European *kret-, variant of *kert- (“to spin, knit”);
* Vaillant: From *kres-, further etymology is unclear, not related to *kresati;
* Fraenkel: From *kres-/*kros- (“to braid/weave”);
* Machek: From *krěptlo, from *krěpъ or *krěpiti. But usually the suffix is used with verbs and it would be **krěpidlo.
Compare Lithuanian krė́slas (“arm-chair, chair”), Latvian krēsls/krę̂sls (“chair”), Old Prussian creslan (“chair”); also compare Lithuanian kràstis (verb), krãsė / krẽsė (“chair”), Latvian kreša, kreslis.
* Baltic words are cognates (Vasmer, Fraenkel, Vaillant, Derksen)
* Baltic words are borrowed (Brückner, ЭССЯ)


marati

maranьje (noun-from-verb)
marati (infinitive)
maratъ (supine)
maralъ (l-participle)
maranъ (participle passive past)
marajemъ (participle passive present)
maravъ (active participle past)
maraję (active participle present)
maraxъ (aorist first-person singular)
mara (aorist second-person singular)
mara (aorist singular third-person)
marajǫ (first-person present singular)
maraješi (present second-person singular)
marajetь (present singular third-person)
maraxově (aorist dual first-person)
marasta (aorist dual second-person)
maraste (aorist dual third-person)
marajevě (dual first-person present)
marajeta (dual present second-person)
marajete (dual present third-person)
maraxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
maraste (aorist plural second-person)
marašę (aorist plural third-person)
marajemъ (first-person plural present)
marajete (plural present second-person)
marajǫtь (plural present third-person)
maraaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
maraaše (imperfect second-person singular)
maraaše (imperfect singular third-person)
maraji (imperative second-person singular)
maraji (imperative singular third-person)
maraaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
maraašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
maraašete (dual imperfect third-person)
marajivě (dual first-person imperative)
marajita (dual imperative second-person)
maraaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
maraašete (imperfect plural second-person)
maraaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
marajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
marajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Belarusian: мара́ць (marácʹ) (dialectal)

Russian: мара́ть (marátʹ)

Ukrainian: мара́ти (maráty) (obsolete?)

South Slavic:

⇒ Slovene: zamárati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: čmárat

Polish: marać (obsolete?)

Slovak: čmárať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: marać, mórać

Lower Sorbian: maraś, moraś

Cognate with Ancient Greek μορύσσω (morússō, “to soil”) and Albanian përmjerr (“to urinate”).


kolačь

kolãčь (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
kolãčь (nominative singular)
kolāčà (dual nominative)
kolāčì (nominative plural)
kolāčà (genitive singular)
kolāčù (dual genitive)
kolãčь (genitive plural)
kolāčù (dative singular)
kolāčèma (dative dual)
kolãčemъ (dative plural)
kolãčь (accusative singular)
kolāčà (accusative dual)
kolāčę̇̀ (accusative plural)
kolāčь̀mь (instrumental singular)
kolāčèmь (instrumental singular)
kolāčèma (dual instrumental)
kolãči (instrumental plural)
kolāčì (locative singular)
kolāčù (dual locative)
kolãčixъ (locative plural)
kolaču (singular vocative)
kolāčà (dual vocative)
kolāčì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: калачь (kalačĭ), колачь (kolačĭ)

Belarusian: кала́ч (kaláč)

Russian: кала́ч (kaláč)

Ukrainian: кала́ч (kaláč)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: кола́ч (koláč)

Macedonian: колач (kolač)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ко̀ла̄ч

Latin script: kòlāč

Slovene: koláč

→ Friulian: colaç

West Slavic:

Old Czech: koláč

Czech: koláč

Bohemian (Chod dialect): koláč

Moravian (Mistřice): kou̯áč

Kashubian: kołôcz

Polish: kołacz

Slovak: koláč

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kołač

Lower Sorbian: kółac

Non-Slavic:

→ Armenian: խալաճ (xalač) — Ardeal

→ Hungarian: kalács

→ Romanian: colac

→ German: Tollatsch

→ Yiddish: קוילעטש (koyletsh)

*kolo (“wheel, circle”) + *-ačь, presumably due to its rounded shape.
The similarity to Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kwlʾck' /kulāčag/, “small, round bun”) (Modern کلوچه (koluče)) and Ancient Greek κόλλιξ (kóllix, “roll or loaf of bread”) may be coincidental as it is difficult to explain through usual models of inheritance and borrowing.


čerslo

čerslò (canonical neuter)
b (accent-paradigm)
čērslò (nominative singular)
čẽrslě (dual nominative)
čērslà (nominative plural)
čērslà (genitive singular)
čērslù (dual genitive)
čẽrslъ (genitive plural)
čērslù (dative singular)
čērslòma (dative dual)
čērslòmъ (dative plural)
čērslò (accusative singular)
čẽrslě (accusative dual)
čērslà (accusative plural)
čērslъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
čērslòmь (instrumental singular)
čērslòma (dual instrumental)
čẽrsly (instrumental plural)
čērslě̀ (locative singular)
čērslù (dual locative)
čẽrslěxъ (locative plural)
čērslò (singular vocative)
čẽrslě (dual vocative)
čērslà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: чересла (čeresla)

Belarusian:

desc

Russian: чересло́ (čeresló), че́ресло (čéreslo)

Ukrainian: чересло́ (čeresló)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: чрѣсла (črěsla)

Bulgarian: чресла́ (čreslá)

→ Russian: чре́сла (črésla)

Macedonian:

Slovene:

West Slavic:

Old Czech: čřieslo

Czech: tříslo, stříslo

Old Polish: trzosło

Slovak: črieslo

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: cŕosło

Upper Sorbian: črjósło

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kerslá. Equivalent to *čersti + *-slo.
Cognate with Lithuanian ker̃slas (“cutter”) (kir̃sti, kertù), Old Prussian kersle (“pickaxe, axe with 2 blades”). Also compare Lithuanian kirkšnìs/kìrkšnis (“hip joint”), Latvian cir̂ksnis (“groin”) or Latvian šķerslis or Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐍂𐌰 (hairþra), Old High German hërdar or Latin culter, cultrum.
For the meaning compare French taille (“waist”), Italian taglia (< Latin taliāre (“to cut”)).

cog

(plural only) thighs (South and West Slavic)

(plural only) loin, small of the back (East Slavic)