obyčajь

obyčajь (nominative singular)
obyčaja (dual nominative)
obyčaji (nominative plural)
obyčaja (genitive singular)
obyčaju (dual genitive)
obyčajь (genitive plural)
obyčaju (dative singular)
obyčajema (dative dual)
obyčajemъ (dative plural)
obyčajь (accusative singular)
obyčaja (accusative dual)
obyčaję̇ (accusative plural)
obyčajьmь (instrumental singular)
obyčajemь (instrumental singular)
obyčajema (dual instrumental)
obyčaji (instrumental plural)
obyčaji (locative singular)
obyčaju (dual locative)
obyčajixъ (locative plural)
obyčaju (singular vocative)
obyčaja (dual vocative)
obyčaji (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: обы́чай (obýčaj)

Ukrainian: обича́й (obyčáj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: обꙑчаи (obyčai)

Bulgarian: обича́й (običáj)

Macedonian: о́бичај (óbičaj)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̏бича̄ј

Latin script: ȍbičāj

Slovene: običȃj

West Slavic:

Old Czech: obyčěj

Czech: obyčej

Polish: obyczaj

Slovak: obyčaj

From *obyčati (“to get fond of, to get used to”) + *-ějь.


porsky

porsky (nominative singular)
porskъvi (dual nominative)
porskъvi (nominative plural)
porskъve (genitive singular)
porskъvu (dual genitive)
porskъvъ (genitive plural)
porskъvi (dative singular)
porskъvьma (dative dual)
porskъvama (dative dual)
porskъvьmъ (dative plural)
porskъvamъ (dative plural)
porskъvь (accusative singular)
porskъvi (accusative dual)
porskъvi (accusative plural)
porskъvьjǫ (instrumental singular)
porskъvľǫ (instrumental singular)
porskъvьma (dual instrumental)
porskъvama (dual instrumental)
porskъvьmi (instrumental plural)
porskъvami (instrumental plural)
porskъve (locative singular)
porskъvu (dual locative)
porskъvьxъ (locative plural)
porskъvaxъ (locative plural)
porsky (singular vocative)
porskъvi (dual vocative)
porskъvi (plural vocative)


bersky

bersky (nominative singular)
berskъvi (dual nominative)
berskъvi (nominative plural)
berskъve (genitive singular)
berskъvu (dual genitive)
berskъvъ (genitive plural)
berskъvi (dative singular)
berskъvьma (dative dual)
berskъvama (dative dual)
berskъvьmъ (dative plural)
berskъvamъ (dative plural)
berskъvь (accusative singular)
berskъvi (accusative dual)
berskъvi (accusative plural)
berskъvьjǫ (instrumental singular)
berskъvľǫ (instrumental singular)
berskъvьma (dual instrumental)
berskъvama (dual instrumental)
berskъvьmi (instrumental plural)
berskъvami (instrumental plural)
berskъve (locative singular)
berskъvu (dual locative)
berskъvьxъ (locative plural)
berskъvaxъ (locative plural)
bersky (singular vocative)
berskъvi (dual vocative)
berskъvi (plural vocative)


brosky

brosky (nominative singular)
broskъvi (dual nominative)
broskъvi (nominative plural)
broskъve (genitive singular)
broskъvu (dual genitive)
broskъvъ (genitive plural)
broskъvi (dative singular)
broskъvьma (dative dual)
broskъvama (dative dual)
broskъvьmъ (dative plural)
broskъvamъ (dative plural)
broskъvь (accusative singular)
broskъvi (accusative dual)
broskъvi (accusative plural)
broskъvьjǫ (instrumental singular)
broskъvľǫ (instrumental singular)
broskъvьma (dual instrumental)
broskъvama (dual instrumental)
broskъvьmi (instrumental plural)
broskъvami (instrumental plural)
broskъve (locative singular)
broskъvu (dual locative)
broskъvьxъ (locative plural)
broskъvaxъ (locative plural)
brosky (singular vocative)
broskъvi (dual vocative)
broskъvi (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бро̏сква

Latin script: brȍskva

Slovene: bróskəv, brȏskva

West Slavic:

Czech: broskev

desc

Polish: (etymological) broskiew, (more common) brzoskiew

From Latin brassica (in Vulgar Latin bearing the form brasca). Not to be confused with the forms under German Wruke (“neep, rutabaga”) or Proto-Slavic *bersky (“peach”).


vъzduxъ

vъzduxъ (nominative singular)
vъzduxa (dual nominative)
vъzduśi (nominative plural)
vъzduxa (genitive singular)
vъzduxu (dual genitive)
vъzduxъ (genitive plural)
vъzduxu (dative singular)
vъzduxoma (dative dual)
vъzduxomъ (dative plural)
vъzduxъ (accusative singular)
vъzduxa (accusative dual)
vъzduxy (accusative plural)
vъzduxъmь (instrumental singular)
vъzduxomь (instrumental singular)
vъzduxoma (dual instrumental)
vъzduxy (instrumental plural)
vъzduśě (locative singular)
vъzduxu (dual locative)
vъzduśěxъ (locative plural)
vъzduše (singular vocative)
vъzduxa (dual vocative)
vъzduśi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: воздух (vozdux) (spread from Church Slavonic)

→ Czech: vzduch

→ Slovak: vzduch

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: въздоухъ (vŭzduxŭ)

→ Romanian: văzduh

Bulgarian: въ́здух (vǎ́zduh)

Macedonian: воздух (vozduh)

Serbo-Croatian: (spread from Church Slavonic)

Cyrillic script: ва̀здух, у̏здух

Latin script: vàzduh, ȕzduh

From *vъz- (“up, above”) + *duxъ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰews-, an s-extension of *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”).

air (secondary, possibly post Common Slavic)


rěpa

rě̀pa (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
rě̀pa (nominative singular)
rě̀pě (dual nominative)
rě̀py (nominative plural)
rě̀py (genitive singular)
rě̀pu (dual genitive)
rě̀pъ (genitive plural)
rě̀pě (dative singular)
rě̀pama (dative dual)
rě̀pamъ (dative plural)
rě̀pǫ (accusative singular)
rě̀pě (accusative dual)
rě̀py (accusative plural)
rě̀pojǫ (instrumental singular)
rě̀pǭ (instrumental singular)
rě̀pama (dual instrumental)
rě̀pamī (instrumental plural)
rě̀pě (locative singular)
rě̀pu (dual locative)
rě̀pasъ (locative plural)
rě̀paxъ (locative plural)
rě̀po (singular vocative)
rě̀pě (dual vocative)
rě̀py (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: рѣпа (rěpa)

Belarusian: рэ́па (répa)

Russian: ре́па (répa)

Carpathian Rusyn: ріпа (ripa)

Ukrainian: рі́па (rípa)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: рѣпа (rěpa)

Glagolitic script: ⱃⱑⱂⰰ (rěpa)

Bulgarian: ря́па (rjápa), ре́па (répa) — in e-kavian dialects

Macedonian: репа (repa)

Serbo-Croatian: (generally without Ijekavism)

Cyrillic script: ре̏па

Latin script: rȅpa

Slovene: rẹ́pa

West Slavic:

Old Czech: řěpa

Czech: řepa, řípa (dialectal)

Polabian: repo, repă

Polish: rzepa

Slovak: repa

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: rěpa

Upper Sorbian: rěpa

→? Albanian: rrepë

→ Hungarian: répa

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rēpā́ˀ, *rāpā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)rāp-éh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)rḗps, (s)rā́ps. Cognate with Lithuanian rópė (“turnip”).


redьky

rèdъky (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
rèdьky (nominative singular)
rèdьkъvi (dual nominative)
rèdьkъvi (nominative plural)
rèdьkъve (genitive singular)
rèdьkъvu (dual genitive)
rèdьkъvъ (genitive plural)
rèdьkъvi (dative singular)
rèdьkъvьma (dative dual)
rèdьkъvama (dative dual)
rèdьkъvьmъ (dative plural)
rèdьkъvamъ (dative plural)
rèdьkъvь (accusative singular)
rèdьkъvi (accusative dual)
rèdьkъvi (accusative plural)
rèdьkъvьjǫ (instrumental singular)
rèdьkъvľǭ (instrumental singular)
rèdьkъvьma (dual instrumental)
rèdьkъvama (dual instrumental)
rèdьkъvьmī (instrumental plural)
rèdьkъvamī (instrumental plural)
rèdьkъve (locative singular)
rèdьkъvu (dual locative)
rèdьkъvьxъ (locative plural)
rèdьkъvaxъ (locative plural)
rèdьky (singular vocative)
rèdьkъvi (dual vocative)
rèdьkъvi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: рэ́дзька (rédzʹka)

Russian: ре́дька (rédʹka)

Ukrainian: ре́дька (rédʹka)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ръдъ́ква (rǎdǎ́kva), ръдо́ква (rǎdókva) (dialectal, rare)

Macedonian: ротква (rotkva), ’рдоква (’rdokva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ро̏тква, also рода̀ква

Latin script: rȍtkva, also rodàkva

Slovene: rédkəv, dialectally rédkva, also written rétkəv

West Slavic:

Czech: ředkev

Polish: rzodkiew

Slovak: reďkev, formerly also reďkva, redekva, retkev, retkva

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: rjadkej, rjatkej

Upper Sorbian: rjedkej, rjetkej

→ Hungarian: retek

From Old Saxon redik, see German Rettich, English radish and other West Germanic terms, from Latin rādīx (“root”).


lukъ

a (accent-paradigm)
lukъ (nominative singular)
lùka (dual nominative)
lùci (nominative plural)
lùka (genitive singular)
lùku (dual genitive)
lùkъ (genitive plural)
lùku (dative singular)
lùkoma (dative dual)
lùkomъ (dative plural)
lukъ (accusative singular)
lùka (accusative dual)
lùky (accusative plural)
lùkъmь (instrumental singular)
lùkomь (instrumental singular)
lùkoma (dual instrumental)
lùkȳ (instrumental plural)
lùcě (locative singular)
lùku (dual locative)
lùcě̄xъ (locative plural)
lùče (singular vocative)
lùka (dual vocative)
lùci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: лукъ (lukŭ, “onion”)

Old Ruthenian: лукъ (luk, “onion”)

Belarusian: лук (luk, “onion”) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: лук (luk, “onion”) (dialectal)

Russian: лук (luk, “onion; garlic”) (see there for further descendants)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: лоукъ (lukŭ, “garlic, onion”)

Glagolitic script: ⰾⱆⰽⱏ (lukŭ, “garlic, onion”)

Bulgarian: лук (luk, “onion; garlic”)

Macedonian: лук (luk, “garlic”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: лу̏к (“onion; garlic”)

Latin script: lȕk (“onion; garlic”)

Old Slovene: luk (“onion”)

Slovene: lùk (“leek, onion”); lòk (“garlic”) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: luk (“garlic”)

Polabian: lauk (“garlic”)

Kashubian: łëk (“chives”)

Old Polish: łuk (“leek”)

Polish: łuk (“garlic; hyacinth”) (regional)

Slovak: luk (regional)

Baltic:

→ Latvian: loki

→ Old Lithuanian: lūkai

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *lewg- (“to bend”). Compare Low German look, Look, German Lauch, Swedish lök.

(usually uncountable) onion, leek (Allium cepa, Allium ampeloprasum and its bulb and its leaves)


-jь

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *-jь (soft)

Definite declension of *-jь (soft)

-jь (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
-ja (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
-je (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
-ja (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
-ję̇ (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
-ja (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
-ju (dative indefinite masculine singular)
-ji (dative feminine indefinite singular)
-ju (dative indefinite neuter singular)
-jь (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
-jǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
-je (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
-jemь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
-jejǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
-jemь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
-ji (indefinite locative masculine singular)
-ji (feminine indefinite locative singular)
-ji (indefinite locative neuter singular)
-ju (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
-je (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
-je (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
-ja (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
-ji (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
-ji (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
-ju (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
-ju (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
-ju (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
-jema (dative dual indefinite masculine)
-jama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
-jema (dative dual indefinite neuter)
-ja (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
-ji (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
-ji (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
-jema (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
-jama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
-jema (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
-ju (dual indefinite locative masculine)
-ju (dual feminine indefinite locative)
-ju (dual indefinite locative neuter)
-ja (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
-ji (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
-ji (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
-ji (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
-ję̇ (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
-ja (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
-jь (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
-jь (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
-jь (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
-jemъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
-jamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
-jemъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
-ję̇ (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
-ję̇ (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
-ja (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
-ji (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
-jami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
-ji (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
-jixъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
-jaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
-jixъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
-ji (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
-ję̇ (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
-ja (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
-jьjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
-jaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
-jeje (definite neuter nominative singular)
-jajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
-ję̇ję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
-jajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
-jujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
-jiji (dative definite feminine singular)
-jujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
-jьjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
-jǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
-jeje (accusative definite neuter singular)
-jijimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
-jǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
-jijimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
-jijemь (definite locative masculine singular)
-jiji (definite feminine locative singular)
-jijemь (definite locative neuter singular)
-jьjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
-jaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
-jeje (definite neuter singular vocative)
-jaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
-jiji (definite dual feminine nominative)
-jiji (definite dual neuter nominative)
-juju (definite dual genitive masculine)
-juju (definite dual feminine genitive)
-juju (definite dual genitive neuter)
-jijima (dative definite dual masculine)
-jijima (dative definite dual feminine)
-jijima (dative definite dual neuter)
-jaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
-jiji (accusative definite dual feminine)
-jiji (accusative definite dual neuter)
-jijima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
-jijima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
-jijima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
-juju (definite dual locative masculine)
-juju (definite dual feminine locative)
-juju (definite dual locative neuter)
-jaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
-jiji (definite dual feminine vocative)
-jiji (definite dual neuter vocative)
-jiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
-ję̇ję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
-jaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
-jьjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
-jьjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
-jьjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
-jijimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
-jijimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
-jijimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
-ję̇ję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
-ję̇ję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
-jaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
-jijimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
-jijimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
-jijimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
-jijixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
-jijixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
-jijixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
-jiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
-ję̇ję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
-jaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: -и (-i)

Old Ruthenian: -и (-i), -й (-j)

Belarusian: -й (-j)

Ukrainian: -й (-j)

Russian: -й (-j)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: -и (-i)

q

Bulgarian: -ʲ(0/a/e) (with palatalization of the preceding phoneme)

Macedonian:

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: -i

Cyrillic script: -и

Slovene:

West Slavic:

Czech: -í

Polish: -i, -y

Slovak: -í

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: -i, -y

Continues Proto-Indo-European *-yós and partially the marginal elative Caland suffix Proto-Indo-European *-yos ~ *-is. In some cases, e.g. Proto-Slavic *siňь, the jo-stem may have spread from the comparative *-jьš-.
Over time, some yo-stem adjectives were fossilized into nouns and some kinetic i-stems were leveled out into jo-stems, giving rise to Slavic jo-stem nouns. Another source of jo-stem nouns is from Illič-Svityč's law , which transformed neutral ap B nouns (including jo-stems) into masculine.
Cognate with Lithuanian -ỹs (under stress), -is (genitive -io), Lithuanian -ias/-jas (elsewhere), Latvian -̧s, -̧š.

dobľь (“honest”)

ryďь (“ruddy, ginger”)

siňь (“glaucos blue/gray”)

Adjectival inherited from the Caland roots, usually with exceptional or magnifying meaning:

lošь (“bad”)

dužь (“strong”)

bujь (“aggressive, fierce”)

Adjectival of secondary origin, attached to o-grade roots:


-jь

-jь (nominative singular)
-ja (dual nominative)
-ji (nominative plural)
-ja (genitive singular)
-ju (dual genitive)
-jь (genitive plural)
-ju (dative singular)
-jema (dative dual)
-jemъ (dative plural)
-jь (accusative singular)
-ja (accusative dual)
-ję̇ (accusative plural)
-jьmь (instrumental singular)
-jemь (instrumental singular)
-jema (dual instrumental)
-ji (instrumental plural)
-ji (locative singular)
-ju (dual locative)
-jixъ (locative plural)
-ju (singular vocative)
-ja (dual vocative)
-ji (plural vocative)

mǫžь (“man”)

moľь (“moth”)

koňь (“horse”)

ǫ̃žь (“snake”) (from a leveled PIE proterokinetic i-stem)

Nominal inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic, e.g.:

-ьje

noun-forming, usually denoting manner or location as well as the standard ending for deverbial action nouns


-jь

From verbal stems inflecting (explicitly or implicitly) with Proto-Slavic *-jeti + *-ъ.
Cognate with Lithuanian -ỹs.

kyjь (“hammer”) ← *kuti (“to hew”)

pьňь (“stump”) ←*pęti (“to stretch”)

Deverbal from root-emphatic verbs inflecting in original Proto-Slavic *-jeti, creates agent/instrument nouns:

voďь (“leader”) ← *voditi (“to lead”)

lučь (“ray”) ← *lučiti (“to pinpoint, to target”)

nožь (“knife”) ← *noziti (“to skewer”)

gojь (“fest, abundance”) ← *gojiti (“to feed”)

Deverbal from causative/iterative verbs inflecting in Proto-Slavic *-iti, creates agent/instrument nouns:

Deverbal from stative/essive verbs inflecting in *-ěti/*-jati, yielding Proto-Slavic *-ějь.

Deverbal from factive verbs inflecting in *-ati, yielding Proto-Slavic *-ajь.


-jь

From Proto-Indo-European *-yós (“belonging to”).

inh

mojь (“mine”) ← *mi (“me”) (dative)

tvojь (“ray”) ← *ti (“thee”) (dative)

svojь (“own”) ← *si (“self”) (dative)

našь (“our”) ← *nàsъ (“ours”) (genitive)

vašь (“your”) ← *vàsъ (“yours”) (genitive)

Pronominal ending, attached to o-grade root, forming possessive pronouns:


persky

persky (nominative singular)
perskъvi (dual nominative)
perskъvi (nominative plural)
perskъve (genitive singular)
perskъvu (dual genitive)
perskъvъ (genitive plural)
perskъvi (dative singular)
perskъvьma (dative dual)
perskъvama (dative dual)
perskъvьmъ (dative plural)
perskъvamъ (dative plural)
perskъvь (accusative singular)
perskъvi (accusative dual)
perskъvi (accusative plural)
perskъvьjǫ (instrumental singular)
perskъvľǫ (instrumental singular)
perskъvьma (dual instrumental)
perskъvama (dual instrumental)
perskъvьmi (instrumental plural)
perskъvami (instrumental plural)
perskъve (locative singular)
perskъvu (dual locative)
perskъvьxъ (locative plural)
perskъvaxъ (locative plural)
persky (singular vocative)
perskъvi (dual vocative)
perskъvi (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: пра́скова (práskova)

Macedonian: праска (praska)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бре̏сква, dialectally бра̏сква, пра̏сква, пра̏ска, бре̏ска, бри̏ска, бри̏сква

Latin script: brȅskva, dialectally brȁskva, prȁskva, prȁska, brȅska, brȉska, brȉskva

Slovene: brẹ́skəv, dialectally brẹ̑skva

→ Aromanian: prascã

→ Hungarian: barack

West Slavic:

Czech: břeskev, replaced by confusion with broskev

Polish: brzoskiew

⇒ Polish: brzoskwinia

desc

→ Russian: броскви́на (broskvína), брускви́на (bruskvína), брусвына (brusvyna), бросква (broskva), бросквиня (broskvinja), бросвины (brosviny)

→ Old Ukrainian: бросквинъ (broskvin)

Ukrainian: бросквина (broskvyna), броскви́ня (broskvýnja), брускви́на (bruskvýna), брускви́ня (bruskvýnja), брусвина (brusvyna), брескви́ня (breskvýnja), броскви́ння (broskvýnnja), броски́ння (broskýnnja)

Old Slovak: breskev, breskva, breskyňa, broskyňa

Pannonian Rusyn: брескиня (breskinja)

Slovak: broskyňa, formerly dialectally broskva, broskev

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: brjaschen, rjaschen, brjaskeẃ, brjasken (of which rjaschen prevails)

Upper Sorbian: brěska f, brěšk m

From Latin persica, possibly via Byzantine Greek περσίκιον (persíkion). The form *bersky arose by contamination with *borsky (“rutabaga”).


zaduxъ

zaduxъ (nominative singular)
zaduxa (genitive singular)
zaduxu (dative singular)
zaduxъ (accusative singular)
zaduxъmь (instrumental singular)
zaduxomь (instrumental singular)
zaduśě (locative singular)
zaduše (singular vocative)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: задуха f (zaduxa)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: задоухъ (zaduxŭ)

→ Romanian: zăduf

Bulgarian: задух m (zaduh, “asthma”), задуха f (zaduha)

Macedonian: задув (zaduv)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: за̏духа f

Latin script: zȁduha f

West Slavic:

Polish: zaduch n, zaducha f

From *za- (“for”) + *duxъ (“gasp”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰews-, an s-extension of *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”).


zelьje

zèlьje (canonical neuter)
zelьje (nominative singular)
zelьja (genitive singular)
zelьju (dative singular)
zelьje (accusative singular)
zelьjьmь (instrumental singular)
zelьjemь (instrumental singular)
zelьji (locative singular)
zelьje (singular vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: зелье (zelĭe)

Old Ruthenian: зельє (zelʹje), зелїє (zelije), зеллє (zellje), зеллꙗ (zellja)

Belarusian: зе́лле (zjéllje)

Ukrainian: зі́лля (zíllja)

Russian: зе́лье (zélʹje, “potion”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: зелиѥ (zelije)

Bulgarian: зе́ле (zéle, “cabbage”)

⇒ Bulgarian: зелка (zelka)

Macedonian: зелје (zelje)

⇒ Macedonian: зелка (zelka, “cabbage”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: зе̑ље (“cabbage, spinach”)

Latin script: zȇlje (“cabbage, spinach”)

Slovene: zẹ́ljе (“vegetation, grass”)

West Slavic:

Czech: zelí (“cabbage”)

Polabian: ziľă (“grass”)

Polish: ziele

Slovak: ziele

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: zele

Upper Sorbian: zеlо

Collective noun from an earlier i-stem adjective *zelь + *-ьje, continuing Proto-Balto-Slavic *źelˀias (“green”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“to sprout, to shine”). Baltic languages reflect almost the same lemma, however, with o-grade: Lithuanian žãlias (“green”), Latvian zaļš (“green”). Further cognate with Sanskrit हरि (hari, “golden, pale, yellow”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰárHiš.


lepěnъ

lepěnъ (nominative singular)
lepěna (dual nominative)
lepěni (nominative plural)
lepěna (genitive singular)
lepěnu (dual genitive)
lepěnъ (genitive plural)
lepěnu (dative singular)
lepěnoma (dative dual)
lepěnomъ (dative plural)
lepěnъ (accusative singular)
lepěna (accusative dual)
lepěny (accusative plural)
lepěnъmь (instrumental singular)
lepěnomь (instrumental singular)
lepěnoma (dual instrumental)
lepěny (instrumental plural)
lepěně (locative singular)
lepěnu (dual locative)
lepěněxъ (locative plural)
lepěne (singular vocative)
lepěna (dual vocative)
lepěni (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: лепень (lepenĭ)

Russian: ле́пе́нь (lépénʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: лѐпѐн (lèpèn), лѐпя̀н (lèpjàn)

Macedonian: лопен (lopen)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ле̏пен, лјѐпика

Latin script: lȅpen, ljèpika

Slovene: lepén, lêpen

West Slavic:

Czech: lupen

Slovak: lupeň

any plant with wide and flabby leaves, particularly


zamъkъ

zamъkъ (nominative singular)
zamъka (dual nominative)
zamъci (nominative plural)
zamъka (genitive singular)
zamъku (dual genitive)
zamъkъ (genitive plural)
zamъku (dative singular)
zamъkoma (dative dual)
zamъkomъ (dative plural)
zamъkъ (accusative singular)
zamъka (accusative dual)
zamъky (accusative plural)
zamъkъmь (instrumental singular)
zamъkomь (instrumental singular)
zamъkoma (dual instrumental)
zamъky (instrumental plural)
zamъcě (locative singular)
zamъku (dual locative)
zamъcěxъ (locative plural)
zamъče (singular vocative)
zamъka (dual vocative)
zamъci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: замъкъ (zamŭkŭ)

Old Ruthenian: замо́къ (zamók)

Belarusian: замо́к (zamók)

Ukrainian: замо́к (zamók)

Russian: замо́к (zamók)

Old Novgorodian: ꙁамъке (zamŭke)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: за́мек (zámek) (dialectal, dated)

Macedonian: замка (zamka)

⇒ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: за̑мка

Latin script: zȃmka

⇒ Slovene: zȃnka (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: zámek

Czech: zámek

Bohemian (Chod dialect): zámek

Kashubian: zómk

Old Polish: zamek

Polish: zamek

→ Belarusian: за́мак (zámak)

→ Russian: за́мок (zámok)

→ Bulgarian: замък (zamǎk)

→ Serbo-Croatian: замак

→ Macedonian: замок (zamok)

→ Ukrainian: за́мок (zámok)

Slovak: zámok

From *za- (“for”) + *mъkъ, action noun of Proto-Slavic *zamъknǫti (“to pull up, to drag”).
In most modern languages, the descendant of this lemma conveys the meaning castle, which is a late calque of German Schloss, itself a calque of Latin clūsa.


valežь

valežь (nominative singular)
valeža (dual nominative)
valeži (nominative plural)
valeža (genitive singular)
valežu (dual genitive)
valežь (genitive plural)
valežu (dative singular)
valežema (dative dual)
valežemъ (dative plural)
valežь (accusative singular)
valeža (accusative dual)
valežę̇ (accusative plural)
valežьmь (instrumental singular)
valežemь (instrumental singular)
valežema (dual instrumental)
valeži (instrumental plural)
valeži (locative singular)
valežu (dual locative)
valežixъ (locative plural)
valežu (singular vocative)
valeža (dual vocative)
valeži (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: ва́леж (válež)

Ukrainian: валіж (valiž)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: вале́ж (valéž)

Slovene: valež (rare)

Action noun of *valiti (“to crumble, to revolve”) + *-ežь. Akin to Lithuanian volė̃ (“roller”).

affix

fall, deadfall (including for rain, snowfall)


lopěnъ

lopěnъ (nominative singular)
lopěna (dual nominative)
lopěni (nominative plural)
lopěna (genitive singular)
lopěnu (dual genitive)
lopěnъ (genitive plural)
lopěnu (dative singular)
lopěnoma (dative dual)
lopěnomъ (dative plural)
lopěnъ (accusative singular)
lopěna (accusative dual)
lopěny (accusative plural)
lopěnъmь (instrumental singular)
lopěnomь (instrumental singular)
lopěnoma (dual instrumental)
lopěny (instrumental plural)
lopěně (locative singular)
lopěnu (dual locative)
lopěněxъ (locative plural)
lopěne (singular vocative)
lopěna (dual vocative)
lopěni (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

>? Russian: ло́пень (lópenʹ)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: ло̀пѐн (lòpèn), ло̀пя̀н (lòpjàn)

Macedonian: лопен (lopen)

Serbo-Croatian: (rare)

Cyrillic script: ло̀пен, лопѐника

Latin script: lòpen, lopènika

Slovene: lọ̑pen (tonal orthography) (rare)

West Slavic:

Czech: lopín (rare)

Old Polish: łopian

Polish: łopian

→ Old East Slavic: лопянъ (lopjanŭ)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: łoṕeno

Upper Sorbian: łopjeno


padežь

padežь (nominative singular)
padeža (dual nominative)
padeži (nominative plural)
padeža (genitive singular)
padežu (dual genitive)
padežь (genitive plural)
padežu (dative singular)
padežema (dative dual)
padežemъ (dative plural)
padežь (accusative singular)
padeža (accusative dual)
padežę̇ (accusative plural)
padežьmь (instrumental singular)
padežemь (instrumental singular)
padežema (dual instrumental)
padeži (instrumental plural)
padeži (locative singular)
padežu (dual locative)
padežixъ (locative plural)
padežu (singular vocative)
padeža (dual vocative)
padeži (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: падежь (padežĭ)

Russian: падёж (padjóž, “murrain, cattle plague”), dial. па́деж (pádež, “waterfall”)

Ukrainian: паді́ж (padíž)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: падєжь (padežĭ)

Bulgarian: паде́ж (padéž, “case”)

Macedonian: падеж (padež, “case”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: па́деж (“case”)

Latin script: pádež (“case”)

→ Russian: паде́ж (padéž, “case”)

→ Polish: padież (“case”) (rarely)

Macedonian: падеж (padež, “fall”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: па́деж (“waterfall”)

Latin script: pádež (“waterfall”)

Slovene: pȃdež

Action noun of *pasti (“to fall”) + *-ežь.


napitъkъ

a (accent-paradigm)
napitъkъ (nominative singular)
napitъka (dual nominative)
napitъci (nominative plural)
napitъka (genitive singular)
napitъku (dual genitive)
napitъkъ (genitive plural)
napitъku (dative singular)
napitъkoma (dative dual)
napitъkomъ (dative plural)
napitъkъ (accusative singular)
napitъka (accusative dual)
napitъky (accusative plural)
napitъkъmь (instrumental singular)
napitъkomь (instrumental singular)
napitъkoma (dual instrumental)
napitъkȳ (instrumental plural)
napitъcě (locative singular)
napitъku (dual locative)
napitъcě̄xъ (locative plural)
napitъče (singular vocative)
napitъka (dual vocative)
napitъci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: напі́так (napítak)

Russian: напи́ток (napítok)

Ukrainian: напи́ток (napýtok)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: напи́тка f (napítka) (influenced by Russian)

Macedonian: на́питок (nápitok)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: на́питак

Latin script: nápitak

Slovene: napȋtek

West Slavic:

Czech: nápitek

Polish: napitek

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: napitk

Product noun of *na- (“on”) + *piti (“to drink”), from an earlier u-stem Proto-Slavic *napitъ, extended with *-ъkъ. Possibly traces back to Proto-Balto-Slavic *peitus, based on the comparison with Lithuanian piẽtūs pl (“lunch, dinner”). The Lithuanian lemma differs slightly in meaning (and moreover exhibits mobile AP 4), which makes the relation to the Slavic lemma questionable.
Comparison with other languages points towards possible descend from Proto-Indo-European *peHy- (“to feed, to drink”) (see *peh₂- (“to nourish”), *peh₃- (“to drink”)). This root has lost its laryngeal already in pre-Balto-Slavic times due to Pinault's rule, hence, there is no trace of acute in Balto-Slavic. Probably also cognate with Sanskrit पितु (pitu, “juice, drink”) (see there for further discussion). It is possible that Proto-Indo-European *peyH- (“fat”) relates to the mentioned roots via Schwebeablaut.


sojьka

sòjьka (canonical feminine)
sojьka (nominative singular)
sojьcě (dual nominative)
sojьky (nominative plural)
sojьky (genitive singular)
sojьku (dual genitive)
sojьkъ (genitive plural)
sojьcě (dative singular)
sojьkama (dative dual)
sojьkamъ (dative plural)
sojьkǫ (accusative singular)
sojьcě (accusative dual)
sojьky (accusative plural)
sojьkojǫ (instrumental singular)
sojьkǫ (instrumental singular)
sojьkama (dual instrumental)
sojьkami (instrumental plural)
sojьcě (locative singular)
sojьku (dual locative)
sojьkasъ (locative plural)
sojьkaxъ (locative plural)
sojьko (singular vocative)
sojьcě (dual vocative)
sojьky (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: со́йка (sójka)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: со́йка (sójka), dial. осо́йка (osójka)

→ Romanian: zaică

Macedonian: сојка (sojka), dial. осојка (osojka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: со̑јка, шо̑јка, dial. осојка

Latin script: sȏjka, šȏjka, dial. osojka

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sojka

Czech: sojka

Bohemian (Chod dialect): sojka

Kashubian: sójka

Old Polish: sojka

Polish: sójka

Slovak: sojka

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: szajkó


sěvati

sěvàti (canonical imperfective)
sěvanьje (noun-from-verb)
sěvati (infinitive)
sěvatъ (supine)
sěvalъ (l-participle)
sěvavъ (active participle past)
sěvaję (active participle present)
sěvaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sěva (aorist second-person singular)
sěva (aorist singular third-person)
sěvajǫ (first-person present singular)
sěvaješi (present second-person singular)
sěvajetь (present singular third-person)
sěvaxově (aorist dual first-person)
sěvasta (aorist dual second-person)
sěvaste (aorist dual third-person)
sěvajevě (dual first-person present)
sěvajeta (dual present second-person)
sěvajete (dual present third-person)
sěvaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sěvaste (aorist plural second-person)
sěvašę (aorist plural third-person)
sěvajemъ (first-person plural present)
sěvajete (plural present second-person)
sěvajǫtь (plural present third-person)
sěvaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sěvaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sěvaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sěvaji (imperative second-person singular)
sěvaji (imperative singular third-person)
sěvaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sěvaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sěvaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sěvajivě (dual first-person imperative)
sěvajita (dual imperative second-person)
sěvaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sěvaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sěvaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sěvajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sěvajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: ся́вам (sjávam, “to glimmer, to blink”)

⇒ Bulgarian: ося́вам (osjávam, “to enlighten”) (+ о- (o-))

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: се́вати

Latin script: sévati

Slovene: sẹ́vati

Limited to South Slavic, formed as *sijati (“to shine, to illuminate”) + *-vati, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₁y- (“to shine”).


sěvati

sěvanьje (noun-from-verb)
sěvati (infinitive)
sěvatъ (supine)
sěvalъ (l-participle)
sěvanъ (participle passive past)
sěvajemъ (participle passive present)
sěvavъ (active participle past)
sěvaję (active participle present)
sěvaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sěva (aorist second-person singular)
sěva (aorist singular third-person)
sěvajǫ (first-person present singular)
sěvaješi (present second-person singular)
sěvajetь (present singular third-person)
sěvaxově (aorist dual first-person)
sěvasta (aorist dual second-person)
sěvaste (aorist dual third-person)
sěvajevě (dual first-person present)
sěvajeta (dual present second-person)
sěvajete (dual present third-person)
sěvaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sěvaste (aorist plural second-person)
sěvašę (aorist plural third-person)
sěvajemъ (first-person plural present)
sěvajete (plural present second-person)
sěvajǫtь (plural present third-person)
sěvaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sěvaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sěvaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sěvaji (imperative second-person singular)
sěvaji (imperative singular third-person)
sěvaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sěvaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sěvaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sěvajivě (dual first-person imperative)
sěvajita (dual imperative second-person)
sěvaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sěvaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sěvaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sěvajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sěvajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: -сева́ть (-sevátʹ)

desc

⇒ Russian: се́в (sév), засева́ть (zasevátʹ), обсева́ть (obsevátʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: -ся́вам (-sjávam)

⇒ Bulgarian: зася́вам (zasjávam), насявам (nasjavam), разсявам (razsjavam), посявам (posjavam), всявам (vsjavam)

Macedonian: -сeва (-seva)

⇒ Macedonian: засева (zaseva), насева (naseva), посева (poseva), всева (vseva)

Slovene: zasẹ́vati, vsẹ́vati

Indirectly attested in derivatives, formed as *sěti (“to sow”) + *-vati, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁- (“to sow, to plant”).


sěvati

East Slavic:

Russian: -сева́ть (-sevátʹ)

⇒ Russian: отсева́ть (otsevátʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: -ся́вам (-sjávam)

desc

⇒ Bulgarian: пресявам (presjavam), отсявам (otsjavam)

Macedonian: -сeва (-seva)

⇒ Macedonian: пресева (preseva), отсева (otseva)

Indirectly attested in derivatives, formed as *sěti (“to sieve”) + *-vati, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁y- (“to sieve”).


golvъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *golvъ (hard)

Definite declension of *golvъ (hard)

golvъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
golva (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
golvo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
golva (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
golvy (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
golva (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
golvu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
golvě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
golvu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
golvъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
golvǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
golvo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
golvomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
golvojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
golvomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
golvě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
golvě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
golvě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
golve (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
golvo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
golvo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
golva (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
golvě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
golvě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
golvu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
golvu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
golvu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
golvoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
golvama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
golvoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
golva (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
golvě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
golvě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
golvoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
golvama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
golvoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
golvu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
golvu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
golvu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
golva (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
golvě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
golvě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
golvi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
golvy (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
golva (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
golvъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
golvъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
golvъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
golvomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
golvamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
golvomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
golvy (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
golvy (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
golva (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
golvy (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
golvami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
golvy (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
golvěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
golvaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
golvěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
golvi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
golvy (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
golva (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
golvъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
golvaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
golvoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
golvajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
golvyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
golvajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
golvujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
golvěji (dative definite feminine singular)
golvujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
golvъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
golvǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
golvoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
golvyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
golvǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
golvyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
golvějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
golvěji (definite feminine locative singular)
golvějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
golvъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
golvaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
golvoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
golvaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
golvěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
golvěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
golvuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
golvuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
golvuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
golvyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
golvyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
golvyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
golvaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
golvěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
golvěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
golvyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
golvyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
golvyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
golvuju (definite dual locative masculine)
golvuju (definite dual feminine locative)
golvuju (definite dual locative neuter)
golvaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
golvěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
golvěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
golviji (definite masculine nominative plural)
golvyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
golvaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
golvъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
golvъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
golvъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
golvyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
golvyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
golvyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
golvyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
golvyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
golvaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
golvyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
golvyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
golvyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
golvyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
golvyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
golvyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
golviji (definite masculine plural vocative)
golvyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
golvaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: голо́вый (golóvyj)

desc

гологоло́вый

⇒ Russian: безголо́вый (bezgolóvyj), гологоло́вый (gologolóvyj)

Ukrainian: -голо́вий (-holóvyj)

багатоголо́вий

пустоголо́вий

⇒ Ukrainian: безголо́вий (bezholóvyj), багатоголо́вий (bahatoholóvyj), пустоголо́вий (pustoholóvyj), двуголо́вий (dvuholóvyj), триголо́вий (tryholóvyj)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: -глaв (-glav)

⇒ Bulgarian: гологлав (gologlav), вироглав (viroglav), въртоглав (vǎrtoglav), твърдоглав (tvǎrdoglav), кухоглав (kuhoglav), празноглав (praznoglav)

Macedonian: -глaв (-glav)

⇒ Macedonian: гологлав (gologlav), вртоглав (vrtoglav), тврдоглав (tvrdoglav), празноглав (praznoglav)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гла̀вијӣ

Latin script: glàvijī

Slovene: glȃvji

Slovene: gologlàv

West Slavic:

Czech: -hlavý

⇒ Czech: bezhlavý, holohlavý

Slovak: -hlavý

⇒ Slovak: bezhlavý, holohlavý

From Proto-Indo-European *gelH- (“bald, naked”) + *-vъ. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *kalwaz (“bald”).


bojьkъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *bojьkъ (hard)

Definite declension of *bojьkъ (hard)

bojьkъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
bojьka (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
bojьko (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
bojьka (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
bojьky (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
bojьka (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
bojьku (dative indefinite masculine singular)
bojьcě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
bojьku (dative indefinite neuter singular)
bojьkъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
bojьkǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
bojьko (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
bojьkomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
bojьkojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
bojьkomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
bojьcě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
bojьcě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
bojьcě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
bojьče (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
bojьko (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
bojьko (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
bojьka (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
bojьcě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
bojьcě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
bojьku (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
bojьku (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
bojьku (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
bojьkoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
bojьkama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
bojьkoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
bojьka (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
bojьcě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
bojьcě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
bojьkoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
bojьkama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
bojьkoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
bojьku (dual indefinite locative masculine)
bojьku (dual feminine indefinite locative)
bojьku (dual indefinite locative neuter)
bojьka (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
bojьcě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
bojьcě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
bojьci (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
bojьky (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
bojьka (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
bojьkъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
bojьkъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
bojьkъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
bojьkomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
bojьkamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
bojьkomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
bojьky (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
bojьky (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
bojьka (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
bojьky (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
bojьkami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
bojьky (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
bojьcěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
bojьkaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
bojьcěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
bojьci (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
bojьky (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
bojьka (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
bojьkъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
bojьkaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
bojьkoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
bojьkajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
bojьkyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
bojьkajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
bojьkujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
bojьcěji (dative definite feminine singular)
bojьkujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
bojьkъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
bojьkǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
bojьkoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
bojьkyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
bojьkǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
bojьkyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
bojьcějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
bojьcěji (definite feminine locative singular)
bojьcějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
bojьkъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
bojьkaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
bojьkoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
bojьkaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
bojьcěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
bojьcěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
bojьkuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
bojьkuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
bojьkuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
bojьkyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
bojьkyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
bojьkyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
bojьkaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
bojьcěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
bojьcěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
bojьkyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
bojьkyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
bojьkyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
bojьkuju (definite dual locative masculine)
bojьkuju (definite dual feminine locative)
bojьkuju (definite dual locative neuter)
bojьkaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
bojьcěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
bojьcěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
bojьciji (definite masculine nominative plural)
bojьkyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
bojьkaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
bojьkъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
bojьkъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
bojьkъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
bojьkyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
bojьkyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
bojьkyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
bojьkyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
bojьkyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
bojьkaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
bojьkyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
bojьkyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
bojьkyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
bojьkyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
bojьkyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
bojьkyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
bojьciji (definite masculine plural vocative)
bojьkyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
bojьkaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: бо́йкий (bójkij)

Ukrainian: бійкий (bijkyj)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бояк (bojak)

desc

⇒ Bulgarian: бойко (bojko, “bravely, energetically”) (adverb)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бо̀јак

Latin script: bòjak

Form an earlier u-stem adjective *bojъ + *-ьkъ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to fight”). Formally equivalent to Lithuanian bajùs (“terrible”), which is from the same PIE root but from another meaning to frighten (whence are Proto-Slavic *bojati (“to fear”), *bojaznь (“fear”)). The later is attested relatively late, though.


stęgъ

stęgъ (nominative singular)
stęga (dual nominative)
stędzi (nominative plural)
stęga (genitive singular)
stęgu (dual genitive)
stęgъ (genitive plural)
stęgu (dative singular)
stęgoma (dative dual)
stęgomъ (dative plural)
stęgъ (accusative singular)
stęga (accusative dual)
stęgy (accusative plural)
stęgъmь (instrumental singular)
stęgomь (instrumental singular)
stęgoma (dual instrumental)
stęgy (instrumental plural)
stędzě (locative singular)
stęgu (dual locative)
stędzěxъ (locative plural)
stęže (singular vocative)
stęga (dual vocative)
stędzi (plural vocative)

Probably borrowed from Old Norse stǫng (“bar, pole”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *stengʰ-, synonymous with South Slavic *stěgъ. Not all authors agree that the two forms are genetically related, despite their identical meaning.


bojьcь

bojьcь (nominative singular)
bojьca (dual nominative)
bojьci (nominative plural)
bojьca (genitive singular)
bojьcu (dual genitive)
bojьcь (genitive plural)
bojьcu (dative singular)
bojьcema (dative dual)
bojьcemъ (dative plural)
bojьcь (accusative singular)
bojьca (accusative dual)
bojьcę̇ (accusative plural)
bojьcьmь (instrumental singular)
bojьcemь (instrumental singular)
bojьcema (dual instrumental)
bojьci (instrumental plural)
bojьci (locative singular)
bojьcu (dual locative)
bojьcixъ (locative plural)
bojьče (singular vocative)
bojьca (dual vocative)
bojьci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: бое́ц (bojéc)

Ukrainian: боє́ць (bojécʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бое́ц (boéc)

Macedonian: боец (boec)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бо̀јац

Latin script: bòjac

Slovene: bȏjec

West Slavic:

Czech: bojec (archaic)

Agent noun of *bojь (“fight”) + *-ьcь, from *bʰeyh₂- (“to strike, hew”).


cęta

a (accent-paradigm)
cęta (nominative singular)
cę̀tě (dual nominative)
cę̀ty (nominative plural)
cę̀ty (genitive singular)
cę̀tu (dual genitive)
cę̀tъ (genitive plural)
cę̀tě (dative singular)
cę̀tama (dative dual)
cę̀tamъ (dative plural)
cę̀tǫ (accusative singular)
cę̀tě (accusative dual)
cę̀ty (accusative plural)
cę̀tojǫ (instrumental singular)
cę̀tǭ (instrumental singular)
cę̀tama (dual instrumental)
cę̀tamī (instrumental plural)
cę̀tě (locative singular)
cę̀tu (dual locative)
cę̀tasъ (locative plural)
cę̀taxъ (locative plural)
cę̀to (singular vocative)
cę̀tě (dual vocative)
cę̀ty (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: цята (cjata)

South Slavic:

Church Slavonic: цѧта

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: цета

Latin script: ceta

West Slavic:

Czech: cetka

Polish: cętka

Non-Slavic:

Romanian: țintă


bojьnъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *bojьnъ (hard)

Definite declension of *bojьnъ (hard)

bojьnъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
bojьna (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
bojьno (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
bojьna (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
bojьny (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
bojьna (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
bojьnu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
bojьně (dative feminine indefinite singular)
bojьnu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
bojьnъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
bojьnǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
bojьno (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
bojьnomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
bojьnojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
bojьnomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
bojьně (indefinite locative masculine singular)
bojьně (feminine indefinite locative singular)
bojьně (indefinite locative neuter singular)
bojьne (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
bojьno (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
bojьno (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
bojьna (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
bojьně (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
bojьně (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
bojьnu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
bojьnu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
bojьnu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
bojьnoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
bojьnama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
bojьnoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
bojьna (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
bojьně (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
bojьně (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
bojьnoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
bojьnama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
bojьnoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
bojьnu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
bojьnu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
bojьnu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
bojьna (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
bojьně (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
bojьně (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
bojьni (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
bojьny (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
bojьna (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
bojьnъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
bojьnъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
bojьnъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
bojьnomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
bojьnamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
bojьnomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
bojьny (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
bojьny (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
bojьna (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
bojьny (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
bojьnami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
bojьny (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
bojьněxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
bojьnaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
bojьněxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
bojьni (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
bojьny (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
bojьna (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
bojьnъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
bojьnaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
bojьnoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
bojьnajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
bojьnyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
bojьnajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
bojьnujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
bojьněji (dative definite feminine singular)
bojьnujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
bojьnъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
bojьnǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
bojьnoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
bojьnyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
bojьnǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
bojьnyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
bojьnějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
bojьněji (definite feminine locative singular)
bojьnějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
bojьnъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
bojьnaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
bojьnoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
bojьnaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
bojьněji (definite dual feminine nominative)
bojьněji (definite dual neuter nominative)
bojьnuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
bojьnuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
bojьnuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
bojьnyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
bojьnyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
bojьnyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
bojьnaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
bojьněji (accusative definite dual feminine)
bojьněji (accusative definite dual neuter)
bojьnyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
bojьnyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
bojьnyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
bojьnuju (definite dual locative masculine)
bojьnuju (definite dual feminine locative)
bojьnuju (definite dual locative neuter)
bojьnaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
bojьněji (definite dual feminine vocative)
bojьněji (definite dual neuter vocative)
bojьniji (definite masculine nominative plural)
bojьnyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
bojьnaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
bojьnъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
bojьnъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
bojьnъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
bojьnyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
bojьnyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
bojьnyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
bojьnyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
bojьnyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
bojьnaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
bojьnyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
bojьnyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
bojьnyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
bojьnyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
bojьnyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
bojьnyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
bojьniji (definite masculine plural vocative)
bojьnyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
bojьnaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: бойный (bojnyj) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: бойний (bojnyj)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бо́ен (bóen)

Macedonian: боен (boen)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бо̑јнӣ

Latin script: bȏjnī

Slovene: bôjen

West Slavic:

Old Czech: bojný

Czech: bojný

Polish: bojny

Slovak: bojný

Formed as *bojь (“fight”) + *-ьnъ, from *bʰeyh₂- (“to strike, hew”).


bojevъ

Indefinite declension of *bojevъ (hard)

Definite declension of *bojevъ (hard)

bojevъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
bojeva (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
bojevo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
bojeva (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
bojevy (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
bojeva (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
bojevu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
bojevě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
bojevu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
bojevъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
bojevǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
bojevo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
bojevomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
bojevojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
bojevomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
bojevě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
bojevě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
bojevě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
bojeve (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
bojevo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
bojevo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
bojeva (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
bojevě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
bojevě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
bojevu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
bojevu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
bojevu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
bojevoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
bojevama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
bojevoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
bojeva (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
bojevě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
bojevě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
bojevoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
bojevama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
bojevoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
bojevu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
bojevu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
bojevu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
bojeva (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
bojevě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
bojevě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
bojevi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
bojevy (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
bojeva (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
bojevъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
bojevъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
bojevъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
bojevomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
bojevamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
bojevomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
bojevy (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
bojevy (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
bojeva (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
bojevy (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
bojevami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
bojevy (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
bojevěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
bojevaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
bojevěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
bojevi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
bojevy (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
bojeva (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
bojevъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
bojevaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
bojevoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
bojevajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
bojevyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
bojevajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
bojevujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
bojevěji (dative definite feminine singular)
bojevujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
bojevъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
bojevǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
bojevoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
bojevyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
bojevǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
bojevyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
bojevějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
bojevěji (definite feminine locative singular)
bojevějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
bojevъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
bojevaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
bojevoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
bojevaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
bojevěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
bojevěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
bojevuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
bojevuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
bojevuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
bojevyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
bojevyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
bojevyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
bojevaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
bojevěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
bojevěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
bojevyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
bojevyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
bojevyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
bojevuju (definite dual locative masculine)
bojevuju (definite dual feminine locative)
bojevuju (definite dual locative neuter)
bojevaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
bojevěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
bojevěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
bojeviji (definite masculine nominative plural)
bojevyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
bojevaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
bojevъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
bojevъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
bojevъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
bojevyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
bojevyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
bojevyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
bojevyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
bojevyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
bojevaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
bojevyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
bojevyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
bojevyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
bojevyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
bojevyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
bojevyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
bojeviji (definite masculine plural vocative)
bojevyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
bojevaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: боево́й (bojevój)

Ukrainian: бойовий (bojovyj)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бое́в (boév)

West Slavic:

Czech: bojоvý

Polish: bojowy

Formed as *bojь (“fight”) + *-evъ, from *bʰeyh₂- (“to strike, hew”).


pozdьnъ

pozdь́nъ (canonical)
pozdьnъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
pozdьna (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
pozdьno (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
pozdьna (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
pozdьny (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
pozdьna (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
pozdьnu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
pozdьně (dative feminine indefinite singular)
pozdьnu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
pozdьnъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
pozdьnǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
pozdьno (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
pozdьnomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
pozdьnojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
pozdьnomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
pozdьně (indefinite locative masculine singular)
pozdьně (feminine indefinite locative singular)
pozdьně (indefinite locative neuter singular)
pozdьne (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
pozdьno (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
pozdьno (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
pozdьna (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
pozdьně (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
pozdьně (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
pozdьnu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
pozdьnu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
pozdьnu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
pozdьnoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
pozdьnama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
pozdьnoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
pozdьna (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
pozdьně (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
pozdьně (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
pozdьnoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
pozdьnama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
pozdьnoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
pozdьnu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
pozdьnu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
pozdьnu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
pozdьna (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
pozdьně (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
pozdьně (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
pozdьni (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
pozdьny (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
pozdьna (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
pozdьnъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
pozdьnъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
pozdьnъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
pozdьnomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
pozdьnamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
pozdьnomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
pozdьny (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
pozdьny (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
pozdьna (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
pozdьny (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
pozdьnami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
pozdьny (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
pozdьněxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
pozdьnaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
pozdьněxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
pozdьni (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
pozdьny (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
pozdьna (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
pozdьnъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
pozdьnaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
pozdьnoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
pozdьnajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
pozdьnyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
pozdьnajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
pozdьnujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
pozdьněji (dative definite feminine singular)
pozdьnujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
pozdьnъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
pozdьnǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
pozdьnoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
pozdьnyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
pozdьnǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
pozdьnyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
pozdьnějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
pozdьněji (definite feminine locative singular)
pozdьnějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
pozdьnъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
pozdьnaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
pozdьnoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
pozdьnaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
pozdьněji (definite dual feminine nominative)
pozdьněji (definite dual neuter nominative)
pozdьnuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
pozdьnuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
pozdьnuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
pozdьnyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
pozdьnyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
pozdьnyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
pozdьnaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
pozdьněji (accusative definite dual feminine)
pozdьněji (accusative definite dual neuter)
pozdьnyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
pozdьnyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
pozdьnyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
pozdьnuju (definite dual locative masculine)
pozdьnuju (definite dual feminine locative)
pozdьnuju (definite dual locative neuter)
pozdьnaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
pozdьněji (definite dual feminine vocative)
pozdьněji (definite dual neuter vocative)
pozdьniji (definite masculine nominative plural)
pozdьnyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
pozdьnaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
pozdьnъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
pozdьnъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
pozdьnъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
pozdьnyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
pozdьnyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
pozdьnyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
pozdьnyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
pozdьnyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
pozdьnaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
pozdьnyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
pozdьnyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
pozdьnyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
pozdьnyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
pozdьnyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
pozdьnyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
pozdьniji (definite masculine plural vocative)
pozdьnyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
pozdьnaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

Indefinite declension of *pozdьnъ (hard)

Definite declension of *pozdьnъ (hard)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: поздьнъ (pozdĭnŭ)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: по́знїй (póznij)
Belarusian: по́зні (pózni); по́зны (pózny) (dialectal)
Carpathian Rusyn: пу́здный (púzdnŷj)
Ukrainian: пі́зній (píznij); пі́зний (píznyj) (dialectal)

Russian: по́здний (pózdnij)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: поздьнъ (pozdĭnŭ)

Bulgarian: по́зден (pózden) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: pozan

Cyrillic script: позан

Slovene: pózən (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: pozdní

Kashubian: pózny, pòzdny

Old Polish: pozdny

Polish: późny

Polabian: *püznĕ

⇒ Polabian: püznü

Slovak: pozdný

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pózdny

Upper Sorbian: роzdni

Formed from an earlier *pozdъ + *-ьnъ (compared Old East Slavic поздъ (pozdŭ), dialectal Russian по́здый (pózdyj), поздо́й (pozdój, “late”)), from Proto-Indo-European *pós. Akin to Latin post.

languid, tardy (with slow, idle, delayed effect or reaction)


ranъ

rànъ (canonical)
rȃnъ (canonical)
ranъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
rana (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
rano (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
rana (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
rany (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
rana (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
ranu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
raně (dative feminine indefinite singular)
ranu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
ranъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
ranǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
rano (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
ranomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
ranojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
ranomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
raně (indefinite locative masculine singular)
raně (feminine indefinite locative singular)
raně (indefinite locative neuter singular)
rane (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
rano (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
rano (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
rana (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
raně (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
raně (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
ranu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
ranu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
ranu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
ranoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
ranama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
ranoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
rana (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
raně (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
raně (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
ranoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
ranama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
ranoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
ranu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
ranu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
ranu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
rana (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
raně (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
raně (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
rani (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
rany (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
rana (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
ranъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
ranъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
ranъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
ranomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
ranamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
ranomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
rany (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
rany (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
rana (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
rany (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
ranami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
rany (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
raněxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
ranaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
raněxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
rani (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
rany (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
rana (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
ranъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
ranaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
ranoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
ranajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
ranyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
ranajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
ranujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
raněji (dative definite feminine singular)
ranujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
ranъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
ranǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
ranoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
ranyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
ranǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
ranyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
ranějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
raněji (definite feminine locative singular)
ranějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
ranъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
ranaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
ranoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
ranaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
raněji (definite dual feminine nominative)
raněji (definite dual neuter nominative)
ranuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
ranuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
ranuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
ranyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
ranyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
ranyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
ranaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
raněji (accusative definite dual feminine)
raněji (accusative definite dual neuter)
ranyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
ranyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
ranyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
ranuju (definite dual locative masculine)
ranuju (definite dual feminine locative)
ranuju (definite dual locative neuter)
ranaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
raněji (definite dual feminine vocative)
raněji (definite dual neuter vocative)
raniji (definite masculine nominative plural)
ranyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
ranaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
ranъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
ranъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
ranъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
ranyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
ranyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
ranyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
ranyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
ranyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
ranaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
ranyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
ranyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
ranyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
ranyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
ranyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
ranyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
raniji (definite masculine plural vocative)
ranyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
ranaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *ranъ (hard)

Definite declension of *ranъ (hard)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ра́нкi (ránki)

Russian: ранний (rannij), рано (rano)

Ukranian: рано (rano), ранок (ranok)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ранъ (ranŭ)

Bulgarian: ран (ran) (obsolete), ра́нен (ránen)

Macedonian: ран (ran)

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: ran

Cyrillic script: ра̑н

Slovene: rȃn (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: raný

Czech: raný

desctree

Old Polish: rano
Polish: rano
Silesian: rano

Slovak: raný

Polabian: ronǘ

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: reno

Slovincian: renô

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: rаnо

Upper Sorbian: rаnо

Possibly related to Latvian rîts and Lithuanian rýtas. Further etymology unclear.


bľuti

bľunǫti (perfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
bľutьje (noun-from-verb)
bľuti (infinitive)
bľutъ (supine)
bľulъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
bľutъ (participle passive past)
bľujemъ (participle passive present)
bľuvъ (active participle past)
bľuję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
bľuxъ (aorist first-person singular)
bľu (aorist second-person singular)
bľu (aorist singular third-person)
bľujǫ (first-person present singular)
bľuješi (present second-person singular)
bľujetь (present singular third-person)
bľuxově (aorist dual first-person)
bľusta (aorist dual second-person)
bľuste (aorist dual third-person)
bľujevě (dual first-person present)
bľujeta (dual present second-person)
bľujete (dual present third-person)
bľuxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bľuste (aorist plural second-person)
bľušę (aorist plural third-person)
bľujemъ (first-person plural present)
bľujete (plural present second-person)
bľujǫtь (plural present third-person)
bľujaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bľujaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bľujaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bľuji (imperative second-person singular)
bľuji (imperative singular third-person)
bľujaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bľujaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bľujaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bľujivě (dual first-person imperative)
bľujita (dual imperative second-person)
bľujaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bľujaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bľujaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bľujimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bľujite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: блю́я (bljúja), блю́вам (bljúvam)

Macedonian: блуе (blue) (aorist lost)

West Slavic:

Old Polish: bluć

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: bluś

Upper Sorbian: bleć

Root thematic present from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bljauˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlewH- (“to overflow, to gush”), reanalyzed later in most daughter languages.


blěknǫti

blěknovenьje (noun-from-verb)
blěknǫti (infinitive)
blěknǫtъ (supine)
blěknǫlъ (l-participle)
blěknovenъ (participle passive past)
blěknomъ (participle passive present)
blěknǫvъ (active participle past)
blěkny (active participle present)
blěknǫxъ (aorist first-person singular)
blěknǫ (aorist second-person singular)
blěknǫ (aorist singular third-person)
blěknǫ (first-person present singular)
blěkneši (present second-person singular)
blěknetь (present singular third-person)
blěknǫxově (aorist dual first-person)
blěknǫsta (aorist dual second-person)
blěknǫste (aorist dual third-person)
blěknevě (dual first-person present)
blěkneta (dual present second-person)
blěknete (dual present third-person)
blěknǫxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
blěknǫste (aorist plural second-person)
blěknǫšę (aorist plural third-person)
blěknemъ (first-person plural present)
blěknete (plural present second-person)
blěknǫtь (plural present third-person)
blěkněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
blěkněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
blěkněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
blěkni (imperative second-person singular)
blěkni (imperative singular third-person)
blěkněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
blěkněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
blěkněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
blěkněvě (dual first-person imperative)
blěkněta (dual imperative second-person)
blěkněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
blěkněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
blěkněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
blěkněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
blěkněte (imperative plural second-person)


bľukati

blyknǫti (perfective)
bľukanьje (noun-from-verb)
bľukati (infinitive)
bľukatъ (supine)
bľukalъ (l-participle)
bľukanъ (participle passive past)
bľukajemъ (participle passive present)
bľukavъ (active participle past)
bľukaję (active participle present)
bľukaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
bľuka (aorist second-person singular)
bľuka (aorist singular third-person)
bľukajǫ (first-person present singular)
bľukaješi (present second-person singular)
bľukajetь (present singular third-person)
bľukaxově (aorist dual first-person)
bľukasta (aorist dual second-person)
bľukaste (aorist dual third-person)
bľukajevě (dual first-person present)
bľukajeta (dual present second-person)
bľukajete (dual present third-person)
bľukaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bľukaste (aorist plural second-person)
bľukašę (aorist plural third-person)
bľukajemъ (first-person plural present)
bľukajete (plural present second-person)
bľukajǫtь (plural present third-person)
bľukaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bľukaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bľukaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bľukaji (imperative second-person singular)
bľukaji (imperative singular third-person)
bľukaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bľukaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bľukaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bľukajivě (dual first-person imperative)
bľukajita (dual imperative second-person)
bľukaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bľukaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bľukaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bľukajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bľukajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

⇒ Ukrainian: блю́хнути (bljúxnuty, “to spout”)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бли́кам (blíkam), бли́квам (blíkvam), dial. блю́кам (bljúkam)

Macedonian: блика (blika), бликнува (bliknuva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бли́хати (“to defecate”)

Latin script: blíhati (“to defecate”)

Probably from *bľuti (“to vomit”) + *-kati, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlewH- (“to overflow, to gush”). The Serbo-Croation and Ukrainian forms may reflect an ancient telic s-extension or may be of expressive origin. Akin to Ancient Greek φλύω (phlúō, “to boil over”), Latin fluō (“flow”).
Trubachev proposes instead origin from an earlier **bjukati, which is incompatible with the iterative form *blyjati > dial. Bulgarian блия (blija), Serbo-Croatian бли́јати.


blyjati

blyjanьje (noun-from-verb)
blyjati (infinitive)
blyjatъ (supine)
blyjalъ (l-participle)
blyjanъ (participle passive past)
blyjemъ (participle passive present)
blyjavъ (active participle past)
blyję (active participle present)
blyjaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
blyja (aorist second-person singular)
blyja (aorist singular third-person)
blyjǫ (first-person present singular)
blyješi (present second-person singular)
blyjetь (present singular third-person)
blyjaxově (aorist dual first-person)
blyjasta (aorist dual second-person)
blyjaste (aorist dual third-person)
blyjevě (dual first-person present)
blyjeta (dual present second-person)
blyjete (dual present third-person)
blyjaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
blyjaste (aorist plural second-person)
blyjašę (aorist plural third-person)
blyjemъ (first-person plural present)
blyjete (plural present second-person)
blyjǫtь (plural present third-person)
blyjaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
blyjaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
blyjaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
blyji (imperative second-person singular)
blyji (imperative singular third-person)
blyjaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
blyjaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
blyjaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
blyjivě (dual first-person imperative)
blyjita (dual imperative second-person)
blyjaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
blyjaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
blyjaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
blyjimъ (first-person imperative plural)
blyjite (imperative plural second-person)
blyjanьje (noun-from-verb)
blyjati (infinitive)
blyjatъ (supine)
blyjalъ (l-participle)
blyjanъ (participle passive past)
blyjajemъ (participle passive present)
blyjavъ (active participle past)
blyjaję (active participle present)
blyjaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
blyja (aorist second-person singular)
blyja (aorist singular third-person)
blyjajǫ (first-person present singular)
blyjaješi (present second-person singular)
blyjajetь (present singular third-person)
blyjaxově (aorist dual first-person)
blyjasta (aorist dual second-person)
blyjaste (aorist dual third-person)
blyjajevě (dual first-person present)
blyjajeta (dual present second-person)
blyjajete (dual present third-person)
blyjaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
blyjaste (aorist plural second-person)
blyjašę (aorist plural third-person)
blyjajemъ (first-person plural present)
blyjajete (plural present second-person)
blyjajǫtь (plural present third-person)
blyjaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
blyjaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
blyjaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
blyjaji (imperative second-person singular)
blyjaji (imperative singular third-person)
blyjaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
blyjaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
blyjaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
blyjajivě (dual first-person imperative)
blyjajita (dual imperative second-person)
blyjaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
blyjaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
blyjaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
blyjajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
blyjajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: блия (blija) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бли́јати (dialectal)

Latin script: blíjati (dialectal)

Essive of Proto-Indo-European *bʰlewH- (“to overflow, to gush”) + *-jati.

to spring continuously, to run (for fluid)


arębina

arębina (nominative singular)
arębině (dual nominative)
arębiny (nominative plural)
arębiny (genitive singular)
arębinu (dual genitive)
arębinъ (genitive plural)
arębině (dative singular)
arębinama (dative dual)
arębinamъ (dative plural)
arębinǫ (accusative singular)
arębině (accusative dual)
arębiny (accusative plural)
arębinojǫ (instrumental singular)
arębinǫ (instrumental singular)
arębinama (dual instrumental)
arębinami (instrumental plural)
arębině (locative singular)
arębinu (dual locative)
arębinasъ (locative plural)
arębinaxъ (locative plural)
arębino (singular vocative)
arębině (dual vocative)
arębiny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: рабі́на (rabína)

Russian: ряби́на (rjabína) and alleged others

→? Bulgarian: рябина (rjabina)

Ukrainian: гороби́на (horobýna) – (standard), dialectal forms include ряби́на (rjabýna), ороби́на (orobýna), оря́бина (orjábyna)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: јарѐбина, јарѐбика

Latin script: jarèbina, jarèbika

Slovene: jerebína, jerebíka

West Slavic:

Czech: jeřabina

desc

Kashubian: jarzëbina, jarzbina, jerzbina

Polish: jarzębina

Slovak: jarabina

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: jeŕebina, heŕebina

Upper Sorbian: wjerjebina

*arębъ (“partridge”) + *-ina. The sense of rowan comes from the usage of the fruits to catch birds, also reflected in the botanical name (from aucupārī), German Vogelbeere etc.


loťika

loťika (nominative singular)
loťicě (dual nominative)
loťiky (nominative plural)
loťiky (genitive singular)
loťiku (dual genitive)
loťikъ (genitive plural)
loťicě (dative singular)
loťikama (dative dual)
loťikamъ (dative plural)
loťikǫ (accusative singular)
loťicě (accusative dual)
loťiky (accusative plural)
loťikojǫ (instrumental singular)
loťikǫ (instrumental singular)
loťikama (dual instrumental)
loťikami (instrumental plural)
loťicě (locative singular)
loťiku (dual locative)
loťikasъ (locative plural)
loťikaxъ (locative plural)
loťiko (singular vocative)
loťicě (dual vocative)
loťiky (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: лоштика (loštika)

Bulgarian: лоштика (loštika) (dialectal)

Macedonian: лоштика (loštika) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ло̀ћика

Latin script: lòćika

Slovene: ločíka, ločičje

West Slavic:

Old Czech: locika

Czech: locika, locyka

Old Polish: łoczyga, łocyga

desctree

Polish: łoczyga
→ Russian: лочи́га (ločíga)

Slovak: locika

Borrowed in the 7ᵗʰ–8ᵗʰ century from the Dalmatian version of Latin lactūca. Borrowed into East Slavic only by horticulturalists in late Medieval times as Belarusian, Ukrainian and Russian лату́к (latúk).

salad plant from the Cichorieae tribe of the Asteraceae


plynǫti

c (accent-paradigm)
plynovenьje (noun-from-verb)
plynǫti (infinitive)
plynǫtъ (supine)
plynǫlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
plynovenъ (participle passive past)
plynomъ (participle passive present)
plynǫvъ (active participle past)
plyny (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
plynǫxъ (aorist first-person singular)
plynǫ (aorist second-person singular)
plynǫ (aorist singular third-person)
plynǫ (first-person present singular)
plyneši (present second-person singular)
plynetь (present singular third-person)
plynǫxově (aorist dual first-person)
plynǫsta (aorist dual second-person)
plynǫste (aorist dual third-person)
plynevě (dual first-person present)
plyneta (dual present second-person)
plynete (dual present third-person)
plynǫxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
plynǫste (aorist plural second-person)
plynǫšę (aorist plural third-person)
plynemъ (first-person plural present)
plynete (plural present second-person)
plynǫtь (plural present third-person)
plyněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
plyněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
plyněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
plyni (imperative second-person singular)
plyni (imperative singular third-person)
plyněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
plyněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
plyněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
plyněvě (dual first-person imperative)
plyněta (dual imperative second-person)
plyněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
plyněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
plyněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
plyněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
plyněte (imperative plural second-person)

West Slavic:

Czech: plynout (“to follow”)

Polish: płynąć

Silesian: płynōńć

Slovak: plynúť

From *plyti + *-nǫti, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₃(w)-.


smerkъ

smerkъ (nominative singular)
smerka (dual nominative)
smerci (nominative plural)
smerka (genitive singular)
smerku (dual genitive)
smerkъ (genitive plural)
smerku (dative singular)
smerkoma (dative dual)
smerkomъ (dative plural)
smerkъ (accusative singular)
smerka (accusative dual)
smerky (accusative plural)
smerkъmь (instrumental singular)
smerkomь (instrumental singular)
smerkoma (dual instrumental)
smerky (instrumental plural)
smercě (locative singular)
smerku (dual locative)
smercěxъ (locative plural)
smerče (singular vocative)
smerka (dual vocative)
smerci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: смьрчь (smĭrčĭ, “cedar”)

Carpathian Rusyn: смере́ка (smeréka)

→? Slovak: smerek

Ukrainian: смере́ка (smeréka, “spruce”), dialectally смере́к (smerék, “spruce”)

→? Polish: smerek

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: смръчь (smrŭčĭ, “cedar”), смрѣчь (smrěčĭ, “cedar”), смрѣча (smrěča, “cedar”)

Russian Church Slavonic: смрьчь (smrĭčĭ, “juniper”)

Bulgarian: смърч (smǎrč, “spruce”), смрика (smrika, “juniper”)

Macedonian: смрча (smrča, “spruce”), смрека (smreka, “juniper”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: смре̏ка (“spruce; juniper”), смр̏ча (“spruce”), смр̑ч (“juniper”), смри̏ка (“juniper”), шмрѝка (“juniper”), смри̏ч (“juniper”), смре̏ч (“juniper”), смрѐква (“juniper”), смре̏к (“juniper”), смриква (“juniper”), шмриква (“juniper”)

Latin script: smrȅka (“spruce; juniper”), smȑča (“spruce”), smȓč (“juniper”), smrȉka (“juniper”), šmrìka (“juniper”), smrȉč (“juniper”), smrȅč (“juniper”), smrèkva (“juniper”), smrȅk (“juniper”), smrikva (“juniper”), šmrikva (“juniper”)

Slovene: smrẹ́ka (“spruce”)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: smrk (“spruce”)

Czech: smrk (“spruce”)

Old Polish: świrk (“spruce”), świrzk (“spruce”)

Polish: świerk (“spruce”)

Slovak: smrek (“spruce”), smerek

→ Polish: smrek (“spruce”) (from at least 1472), smerek (Orawa, Podhale), smyrek (West-Podhale, Cieszyn Silesia)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: šmŕok (“spruce”), later škŕok (“spruce”)

Upper Sorbian: šmrěk (“spruce”)

Unknown.
* Dubiously compared to Old Armenian մայր (mayr, “cedar; pine; juniper”), which is however connected to Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr (“mother”) found in Slavic as *mati.
* Also compared with Persian سرو (sarv, “cypress”) which however probably contradicts the other comparison since this is more easily related with Old Armenian սարոյ (saroy, “cypress”) and սարդ (sard, “cedar of Lebanon”), and the Slavic matches better the presumably related Akkadian 𒋗𒌫𒎙 (šu-ur₂-min₃ /šurmēnu/, “cypress”), from Sumerian 𒋗𒌫𒈨 (šu-ur₂-me /šurmen/, “cypress”), which gainsays a Proto-Indo-European relation. Because of the variation of forms, also trusting in a Polish *svьrkъ, Trubachev opts for an Iranian borrowing from a form *sr̥vaka-, *sarvaka-, *sr̥maka-, *sarmaka-, however the distribution of the spruce or juniper is a drawback for this theory.
* Compared to *smьrděti (“to stink”)
* Compared to Proto-Germanic *smerwą (“grease, fat”)
* Compare Old Chinese 杉 (*sreːm /*sreːm/, “fir; pine”)


stъlbъ

stъlbъ (nominative singular)
stъlba (dual nominative)
stъlbi (nominative plural)
stъlba (genitive singular)
stъlbu (dual genitive)
stъlbъ (genitive plural)
stъlbu (dative singular)
stъlboma (dative dual)
stъlbomъ (dative plural)
stъlbъ (accusative singular)
stъlba (accusative dual)
stъlby (accusative plural)
stъlbъmь (instrumental singular)
stъlbomь (instrumental singular)
stъlboma (dual instrumental)
stъlby (instrumental plural)
stъlbě (locative singular)
stъlbu (dual locative)
stъlběxъ (locative plural)
stъlbe (singular vocative)
stъlba (dual vocative)
stъlbi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: стълбъ (stŭlbŭ)

Old Ruthenian: *стовбъ (*stovb)

Belarusian: стоўб (stoŭb)

Ukrainian: стовб (stovb)

Russian: столб (stolb)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: стлъба (stlŭba)

desc

Bulgarian: стълб (stǎlb), стълба (stǎlba)

Macedonian: столб (stolb)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сту̏б

Latin: stub

Slovene: stółb (tonal orthography) (obsolete)

From Proto-Indo-European *stl̥b-. Cognate with Lithuanian stul̃bas, Latvian stulbs, Old Norse stolpi (“pillar”).


vьčera

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вьчера (vĭčera)

Old Ruthenian: вчера (včera)

Belarusian: учо́ра (učóra), ўчо́ра (ŭčóra)

Carpathian Rusyn: вчёра (včjora)

Ukrainian: учо́ра (učóra), вчо́ра (včóra)

Russian: вчера́ (včerá)

Old Novgorodian: *вьцера (*vĭcera)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: вьчера (vĭčera)

Bulgarian: вче́ра (včéra)

Macedonian: вчера (včera)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: ју̀че̄р, ју̀че̄, вчера

Latin: jùčēr, jùčē, včera

Slovene: včẹ́raj (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: včera
Czech: včera

Polabian: ceră

desctree

Old Polish: wczora
Polish: wczoraj
Silesian: wczora

Old Slovak: včera
Slovak: včera

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: wczora

Slovincian: wczero

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wcora (obsolete), cora

Upper Sorbian: wčera

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *weker- (whence Latvian vakar, Latgalian vakar and Lithuanian vakar). Morphologically from *vȅčerъ (“evening”).