čeľustь

čeľustь (nominative singular)
čeľusti (dual nominative)
čeľusti (nominative plural)
čeľusti (genitive singular)
čeľustьju (dual genitive)
čeľustьjь (genitive plural)
čeľusti (dative singular)
čeľustьma (dative dual)
čeľustьmъ (dative plural)
čeľustь (accusative singular)
čeľusti (accusative dual)
čeľusti (accusative plural)
čeľustьjǫ (instrumental singular)
čeľustьma (dual instrumental)
čeľustьmi (instrumental plural)
čeľusti (locative singular)
čeľustьju (dual locative)
čeľustьxъ (locative plural)
čeľusti (singular vocative)
čeľusti (dual vocative)
čeľusti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: челюсть (čeljustĭ)

Old Ruthenian: че́люсть (čéljustʹ), че́люсьть (čéljusʹtʹ), че́люсти (čéljusti)

Belarusian: чэ́люсць (čéljuscʹ)

Ukrainian: че́люсть (čéljustʹ), че́люсті (čéljusti), че́люсти (čéljusty), це́люсті (céljusti)

Russian: че́люсть (čéljustʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: челюсть (čeljustĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱍⰵⰾⱓⱄⱅⱐ (čeljustĭ)

Bulgarian: че́люст (čéljust)

Macedonian: челуст (čelust)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: че̏љу̑ст

Latin script: čȅljȗst

Slovene: čeljust

West Slavic:

Old Czech: čeľust

Czech: čelist

Kashubian: czelësc

Polabian: ciľaust

Old Polish: czeluść

Polish: czeluść

Silesian: czeluść

Slovak: čeľusť

Slovincian: czêlësc

Uncertain. Perhaps from *čelo (“forehead”) + *usta (“mouth”), however the palatalization of the l is unexpected, and Boryś, Sławski, and Bańkowski all point to a Pre-Slavic root.

Oleg Trubachyov
uk:Мельничук Олександр Савич


makъ

màkъ (canonical masculine)
a (accent-paradigm)
màkъ (nominative singular)
màka (dual nominative)
màci (nominative plural)
màka (genitive singular)
màku (dual genitive)
màkъ (genitive plural)
màku (dative singular)
màkoma (dative dual)
màkomъ (dative plural)
màkъ (accusative singular)
màka (accusative dual)
màky (accusative plural)
màkъmь (instrumental singular)
màkomь (instrumental singular)
màkoma (dual instrumental)
màkȳ (instrumental plural)
màcě (locative singular)
màku (dual locative)
màcě̄xъ (locative plural)
màče (singular vocative)
màka (dual vocative)
màci (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: макъ (makŭ)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: макъ (makŭ)

Belarusian: мак (mak)

Russian: мак (mak)

Ukrainian: мак (mak)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: макъ (makŭ)?

Bulgarian: мак (mak)

Macedonian: мак (mak)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ма̏к

Latin script: mȁk

Slovene: mȁk, mȃk (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mák

Czech: mák

Knaanic: מק (mak)

Kashubian: mak

Old Polish: mak

Polish: mak

Slovak: mak

Slovincian: mak

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: mak

Lower Sorbian: mak

→ Old Prussian: moke (“poppy”) (probably from Polish)

→ Greek: μάκος (mákos)

→ Romanian: mac

→ Hungarian: mák

From *māken (ЭССЯ) or *meh₂kos ; further etymology is uncertain. Possibly ultimately a (substrate) Mediterranean word. Morphologically equivalent to *majati (“fig. to enchant, to charm”) + *-kъ (cf Bulgarian омайниче (“avens”)), however, it is uncertain if the two lemmas are semantically related.
Cognate with
Ancient Greek μήκων (mḗkōn, “poppy”) (Doric μάκων (mákōn)),
Old Irish meccun (“carrot, parsnip”), Irish meacan,
Proto-Germanic *mōhô (“poppy”) (> Old High German māho, mago, Middle High German mage, German Mohn, Old Saxon maho).
* Borrowed from Germanic: Lithuanian aguonà, maguonà, Latvian magone
* Borrowed from Baltic: Estonian magun, Livonian maggon


mastь

mȃstь (canonical feminine)
c (accent-paradigm)
mȃstь (nominative singular)
mȃsti (dual nominative)
mȃsti (nominative plural)
mastí (genitive singular)
mastьjù (dual genitive)
mastь̀jь (genitive plural)
mȃsti (dative singular)
mastьmà (dative dual)
mȃstьmъ (dative plural)
mȃstь (accusative singular)
mȃsti (accusative dual)
mȃsti (accusative plural)
mastьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
mastьmà (dual instrumental)
mastьmì (instrumental plural)
mastí (locative singular)
mastьjù (dual locative)
mȃstьxъ (locative plural)
masti (singular vocative)
mȃsti (dual vocative)
mȃsti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: масть (mastĭ)

Belarusian: масць (mascʹ)

Russian: масть (mastʹ)

Ukrainian: масть (mastʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: масть (mastĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰿⰰⱄⱅⱐ (mastĭ)

Bulgarian: маст (mast)

Macedonian: маст (mast)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ма̑ст

Latin script: mȃst

Slovene: mȃst (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: masc

Old Czech: mast

Czech: mast

Old Polish: maść

Polish: maść; maźć (obsolete); maś (dialectal)

Slovak: masť

Slovincian: masc

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: masć (dated)

From earlier *maztь, from *mazati (“to smear”) + *-tь.


adušivъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *adušivъ (hard)

Definite declension of *adušivъ (hard)

adušivъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
adušiva (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
adušivo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
adušiva (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
adušivy (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
adušiva (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
adušivu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
adušivě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
adušivu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
adušivъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
adušivǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
adušivo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
adušivomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
adušivojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
adušivomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
adušivě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
adušivě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
adušivě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
adušive (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
adušivo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
adušivo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
adušiva (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
adušivě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
adušivě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
adušivu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
adušivu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
adušivu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
adušivoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
adušivama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
adušivoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
adušiva (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
adušivě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
adušivě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
adušivoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
adušivama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
adušivoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
adušivu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
adušivu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
adušivu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
adušiva (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
adušivě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
adušivě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
adušivi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
adušivy (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
adušiva (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
adušivъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
adušivъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
adušivъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
adušivomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
adušivamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
adušivomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
adušivy (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
adušivy (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
adušiva (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
adušivy (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
adušivami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
adušivy (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
adušivěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
adušivaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
adušivěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
adušivi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
adušivy (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
adušiva (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
adušivъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
adušivaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
adušivoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
adušivajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
adušivyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
adušivajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
adušivujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
adušivěji (dative definite feminine singular)
adušivujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
adušivъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
adušivǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
adušivoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
adušivyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
adušivǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
adušivyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
adušivějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
adušivěji (definite feminine locative singular)
adušivějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
adušivъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
adušivaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
adušivoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
adušivaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
adušivěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
adušivěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
adušivuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
adušivuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
adušivuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
adušivyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
adušivyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
adušivyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
adušivaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
adušivěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
adušivěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
adušivyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
adušivyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
adušivyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
adušivuju (definite dual locative masculine)
adušivuju (definite dual feminine locative)
adušivuju (definite dual locative neuter)
adušivaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
adušivěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
adušivěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
adušiviji (definite masculine nominative plural)
adušivyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
adušivaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
adušivъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
adušivъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
adušivъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
adušivyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
adušivyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
adušivyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
adušivyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
adušivyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
adušivaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
adušivyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
adušivyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
adušivyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
adušivyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
adušivyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
adušivyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
adušiviji (definite masculine plural vocative)
adušivyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
adušivaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: я́душливий (jádušlyvyj)

West Slavic:

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: jadušywy

Upper Sorbian: jadušiwy


arьmo

arьmò (canonical neuter)
b (accent-paradigm)
ārьmò (nominative singular)
arь̀mě (dual nominative)
ārьmà (nominative plural)
ārьmà (genitive singular)
ārьmù (dual genitive)
arь̀mъ (genitive plural)
ārьmù (dative singular)
ārьmòma (dative dual)
ārьmòmъ (dative plural)
ārьmò (accusative singular)
arь̀mě (accusative dual)
ārьmà (accusative plural)
ārьmъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
ārьmòmь (instrumental singular)
ārьmòma (dual instrumental)
arь̀my (instrumental plural)
ārьmě̀ (locative singular)
ārьmù (dual locative)
arь̀měxъ (locative plural)
ārьmò (singular vocative)
arь̀mě (dual vocative)
ārьmà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: ꙗрьмъ (jarĭmŭ), ꙗръмъ (jarŭmŭ)

Belarusian: ярмо́ (jarmó), яруом (jaruóm)

Russian: ярмо́ (jarmó), армо́ (armó), ярём (jarjóm), яре́мь (jarémʹ)

Ukrainian: ярмо́ (jarmó), йа́рмо́ (jármó), ярем (jarem)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: ꙗрьмъ (jarĭmŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ја́рам, јерам

Latin script: járam

Slovene: járəm (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: jařmo, jarmo

Kashubian: jirzmo, jerzmo

Old Polish: jarzmo, jerzmo, jirzmo

Polish: jarzmo, jarmo (dialectal)

Slovak: jarmo, járom

→ Hungarian: járom

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- (“to join”).
Morphologically *ar- + *-ьmo.


kolovortъ

kolovortъ (nominative singular)
kolovorta (dual nominative)
kolovorti (nominative plural)
kolovorta (genitive singular)
kolovortu (dual genitive)
kolovortъ (genitive plural)
kolovortu (dative singular)
kolovortoma (dative dual)
kolovortomъ (dative plural)
kolovortъ (accusative singular)
kolovorta (accusative dual)
kolovorty (accusative plural)
kolovortъmь (instrumental singular)
kolovortomь (instrumental singular)
kolovortoma (dual instrumental)
kolovorty (instrumental plural)
kolovortě (locative singular)
kolovortu (dual locative)
kolovortěxъ (locative plural)
kolovorte (singular vocative)
kolovorta (dual vocative)
kolovorti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: коловоротъ (kolovorotŭ)

Belarusian: калаваро́т (kalavarót), калаво́рат (kalavórat), кало́варат (kalóvarat), ко́лаварат (kólavarat)

Russian: коловоро́т (kolovorót), ко́ловорот (kólovorot), коловра́т (kolovrát)

Old Ukrainian: коловоротъ (kolovorot)

Ukrainian: ко́ловоріт (kólovorit), ко́ловорот (kólovorot), коловоро́т (kolovorót)

South Slavic:

коловратъ (kolovratŭ)

Church Slavonic: коловратъ (kolovratŭ)

Serbo-Croatian: kȍlovrȃt

Slovene: kolovrat

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kolovrat

Czech: kolovrat

Moravian (Mistřice): kou̯ovrat

Old Polish: kołowrót

Polish: kołowrót, kołowrot

→ Belarusian: калаўро́т (kalaŭrót)

Slovak: kolovrat, kolovrad

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kołwrot

Lower Sorbian: kółowrot

→ English: kolovrat


tukъ

tȗkъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
tȗkъ (nominative singular)
tȗka (dual nominative)
tȗci (nominative plural)
tȗka (genitive singular)
tukù (dual genitive)
tũkъ (genitive plural)
tȗku (dative singular)
tukomà (dative dual)
tukòmъ (dative plural)
tȗkъ (accusative singular)
tȗka (accusative dual)
tȗky (accusative plural)
tȗkъmь (instrumental singular)
tȗkomь (instrumental singular)
tukomà (dual instrumental)
tuký (instrumental plural)
tȗcě (locative singular)
tukù (dual locative)
tucě̃xъ (locative plural)
tuče (singular vocative)
tȗka (dual vocative)
tȗci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: тукъ (tukŭ)

Old Ruthenian: тукъ (tuk)

Belarusian: тук (tuk)

Ukrainian: тук (tuk)

Russian: тук (tuk)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: тоукъ (tukŭ)

Bulgarian: тук (tuk) (dialectal)

Macedonian: тук (tuk)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ту̏к, ту̑к

Latin script: tȕk, tȗk

West Slavic:

Old Czech: tuk

Czech: tuk

Old Polish: tuk

Polish: tuk

Slovak: tuk

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: tuk

Lower Sorbian: tuk

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tauˀkás, from Proto-Indo-European *towh₂-k-os or *towkos. Cognate with Lithuanian táukas (“tummy, abdomen”) (3rd stress pattern), Latvian tàuks (“fatty”), Old Prussian taukis (“lard”) and possibly related to Proto-Germanic *þeuhą (“thigh”).

túča

*tuča? (if not a dialectal reflex of *tǫča)


korľica

korľica (nominative singular)
korľici (dual nominative)
korľicę̇ (nominative plural)
korľicę̇ (genitive singular)
korľicu (dual genitive)
korľicь (genitive plural)
korľici (dative singular)
korľicama (dative dual)
korľicamъ (dative plural)
korľicǫ (accusative singular)
korľici (accusative dual)
korľicę̇ (accusative plural)
korľicejǫ (instrumental singular)
korľicǫ (instrumental singular)
korľicama (dual instrumental)
korľicami (instrumental plural)
korľici (locative singular)
korľicu (dual locative)
korľicasъ (locative plural)
korľicaxъ (locative plural)
korľice (singular vocative)
korľici (dual vocative)
korľicę̇ (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: кралица (kralica)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: королица (korolica)

Russian: короли́ца (korolíca)

Old Ukrainian: королиця (korolicja)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: крали́ца (kralíca)

Macedonian: кралица (kralica)

Serbo-Croatian: kraljica, krajica

Slovene: kraljíca

desctree

→ Ottoman Turkish: قرالیچه (kraliçe)
Ladino: kralicha
Turkish: kraliçe

West Slavic:

Czech: Kralice

Slovak: králica (archaic, poetic)


stavъ

stavъ (nominative singular)
stava (dual nominative)
stavi (nominative plural)
stava (genitive singular)
stavu (dual genitive)
stavъ (genitive plural)
stavu (dative singular)
stavoma (dative dual)
stavomъ (dative plural)
stavъ (accusative singular)
stava (accusative dual)
stavy (accusative plural)
stavъmь (instrumental singular)
stavomь (instrumental singular)
stavoma (dual instrumental)
stavy (instrumental plural)
stavě (locative singular)
stavu (dual locative)
stavěxъ (locative plural)
stave (singular vocative)
stava (dual vocative)
stavi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ставъ (stavŭ)

Belarusian: став (stav)

Russian: став (stav)

Ukrainian: став (stav)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: ставъ (stavŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱅⰰⰲⱏ (stavŭ)

Bulgarian: ста́ва (stáva)

Macedonian: став (stav)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ста̏в

Latin script: stȁv

Slovene: stȃva

West Slavic:

Old Czech: stav

Czech: stav

Old Polish: staw

Polish: staw

Old Slovak: stav

Slovak: stav

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: staw

Lower Sorbian: staw

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *stāw-, from Proto-Indo-European *sth₂-ēw- (Author?), a form of *steh₂-.
Compare
Lithuanian stovà (“place”), stõvis (“state, condition”),
Latvian stàvs m,
Ancient Greek στοά (stoá), Aeolic στωΐα (stōḯa, “column”),
Proto-Germanic *stōō (> Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌰 (staua, “trial”), Old English stów f (“place”)).


Voldiměrъ

Voldiměrъ (nominative singular)
Voldiměra (dual nominative)
Voldiměri (nominative plural)
Voldiměra (genitive singular)
Voldiměru (dual genitive)
Voldiměrъ (genitive plural)
Voldiměru (dative singular)
Voldiměromъ (dative plural)
Voldiměrъ (accusative singular)
Voldiměra (accusative dual)
Voldiměry (accusative plural)
Voldiměry (instrumental plural)
Voldiměrě (locative singular)
Voldiměru (dual locative)
Voldiměrěxъ (locative plural)
Voldiměre (singular vocative)
Voldiměra (dual vocative)
Voldiměri (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: Володимѣръ (Volodiměrŭ)

Ukrainian: Володи́мир (Volodýmyr)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: Владимѣръ (Vladiměrŭ), Владимиръ (Vladimirŭ)

→ Belarusian: Уладзі́мер (Uladzímjer)

→ Russian: Влади́мир (Vladímir)

→ Romanian: Vladimir

Bulgarian: Владимир (Vladimir)

Macedonian: Владимир (Vladimir)

Serbo-Croatian: Владимир

Slovene: Vladimir

→ Ancient Greek: Βαλδίμερ (Baldímer)

West Slavic:

Czech: Vladimír

Kashubian: Włodzmiérz

Polish: Włodzimierz

Slovak: Vladimír

→ Lithuanian: valdýmiers

Superficially a compound of *vold- + *-měrъ. In both structure and semantics, the name is strikingly similar to the Germanic Waldemar, Woldemar (pre-Old High German *waldimӕ̄r-), for which reason some sources speculate it may be a borrowing or adaptation of that name.


obolsti

oboldenьje (noun-from-verb)
obolsti (infinitive)
obolstъ (supine)
oboldlъ (l-participle)
oboldenъ (participle passive past)
oboldъ (active participle past)
oboldъ (aorist first-person singular)
oboldoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
obolde (aorist second-person singular)
obolde (aorist singular third-person)
oboldǫ (first-person present singular)
oboldeši (present second-person singular)
oboldetь (present singular third-person)
oboldově (aorist dual first-person)
oboldoxově (aorist dual first-person)
oboldeta (aorist dual second-person)
oboldosta (aorist dual second-person)
oboldete (aorist dual third-person)
oboldoste (aorist dual third-person)
oboldevě (dual first-person present)
oboldeta (dual present second-person)
oboldete (dual present third-person)
oboldomъ (aorist first-person plural)
oboldoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
oboldete (aorist plural second-person)
oboldoste (aorist plural second-person)
oboldǫ (aorist plural third-person)
oboldošę (aorist plural third-person)
oboldemъ (first-person plural present)
oboldete (plural present second-person)
oboldǫtь (plural present third-person)
oboldi (imperative second-person singular)
oboldi (imperative singular third-person)
obolděvě (dual first-person imperative)
obolděta (dual imperative second-person)
obolděmъ (first-person imperative plural)
obolděte (imperative plural second-person)

Church Slavonic: области (oblasti)

→ Old East Slavic: области (oblasti)

South Slavic:

Macedonian: овласти (ovlasti)

West Slavic:

Czech: ovlasti


naręsti

South Slavic:

Slovene: narèsti (naredím)


orǫga

orǫga (nominative singular)
orǫdzě (dual nominative)
orǫgy (nominative plural)
orǫgy (genitive singular)
orǫgu (dual genitive)
orǫgъ (genitive plural)
orǫdzě (dative singular)
orǫgama (dative dual)
orǫgamъ (dative plural)
orǫgǫ (accusative singular)
orǫdzě (accusative dual)
orǫgy (accusative plural)
orǫgojǫ (instrumental singular)
orǫgǫ (instrumental singular)
orǫgama (dual instrumental)
orǫgami (instrumental plural)
orǫdzě (locative singular)
orǫgu (dual locative)
orǫgasъ (locative plural)
orǫgaxъ (locative plural)
orǫgo (singular vocative)
orǫdzě (dual vocative)
orǫgy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: оружь (oružĭ) (?)

Russian: обру́га (obrúga), обру́жа (obrúža) (?)

West Slavic:

Czech: oruž f (?)

Polish: oręż m

Slovak: rúcho n

Cognate with Lithuanian aprangà (“outfit, clothes, clothing”), apreñgti, reñgti, išreñgti


vъz

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: въз (vŭz)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: въз (vŭz), възъ (vŭzŭ)

Bulgarian: въз (vǎz), воз (voz) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: уз

Latin script: uz

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vz

Old Polish: wz

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *uź, cognate with Lithuanian už, Latvian uz. Further etymology is disputed. Derksen tries to derive from a proto-form *ups, but fails to see how it could account for the Baltic facts. Snoj considers relation to Proto-Indo-European *úd(s) (“out”), which otherwise yields Proto-Slavic *vy-. Compare Proto-Germanic *uz.


danь

dȃnь (canonical feminine)
c (accent-paradigm)
dȃnь (nominative singular)
dȃni (dual nominative)
dȃni (nominative plural)
daní (genitive singular)
danьjù (dual genitive)
danь̀jь (genitive plural)
dȃni (dative singular)
danьmà (dative dual)
dȃnьmъ (dative plural)
dȃnь (accusative singular)
dȃni (accusative dual)
dȃni (accusative plural)
danьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
danьmà (dual instrumental)
danьmì (instrumental plural)
daní (locative singular)
danьjù (dual locative)
dȃnьxъ (locative plural)
dani (singular vocative)
dȃni (dual vocative)
dȃni (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дань (danĭ)

Russian: дань (danʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: дань (danĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰴⰰⱀⱐ (danĭ)

Bulgarian: дан (dan) (poetic, obsolescent)

Slovene: dán

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dan

Czech: daň

Old Polish: dań
Polish: (dialectal) dań

Slovak: daň

From *danьkъ

Bulgarian: да́нък (dánǎk)

Macedonian: данок (danok)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: да̏нак

Latin script: dȁnak

Formed as *dati (“to give”) + *-nь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *dṓˀnis, itself from Proto-Indo-European *deh₃-ni-s, the action noun of *deh₃- (“to give”). Cognate with Lithuanian duõnis (“gift”), Latin donum, Sanskrit दान (dā́na).


čьbьrъ

čьbь̀rъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
čьbь̀rъ (nominative singular)
čьbьrà (dual nominative)
čьbьrì (nominative plural)
čьbьrà (genitive singular)
čьbьrù (dual genitive)
čьbь̀rъ (genitive plural)
čьbьrù (dative singular)
čьbьròma (dative dual)
čьbьròmъ (dative plural)
čьbь̀rъ (accusative singular)
čьbьrà (accusative dual)
čьbьrỳ (accusative plural)
čьbьrъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
čьbьròmь (instrumental singular)
čьbьròma (dual instrumental)
čьbь̀ry (instrumental plural)
čьbьrě̀ (locative singular)
čьbьrù (dual locative)
čьbь̀rěxъ (locative plural)
čьbьre (singular vocative)
čьbьrà (dual vocative)
čьbьrì (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: чъ́бър (čǎ́bǎr), че́бър (čébǎr), че́бур (čébur)

Macedonian: чабур (čabur)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: чабар

Latin script: čabar

Slovene: čəbə́r (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: čber, džber

Polabian: cabår

Old Polish: ceber
Polish: ceber

→ Russian: це́барь (cébarʹ)

→ Ukrainian: це́бер (céber)

Slovak: džber

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: čwоr


virъ

virъ (nominative singular)
vira (dual nominative)
viri (nominative plural)
vira (genitive singular)
viru (dual genitive)
virъ (genitive plural)
viru (dative singular)
viroma (dative dual)
viromъ (dative plural)
virъ (accusative singular)
vira (accusative dual)
viry (accusative plural)
virъmь (instrumental singular)
viromь (instrumental singular)
viroma (dual instrumental)
viry (instrumental plural)
virě (locative singular)
viru (dual locative)
virěxъ (locative plural)
vire (singular vocative)
vira (dual vocative)
viri (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: виръ (virŭ)

Old Ruthenian: виръ (vir)

Belarusian: вір (vir)

Ukrainian: вир (vyr)

Russian: вир (vir)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: вир (vir)

Macedonian: вир (vir)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ви̑р

Latin script: vȋr

Slovene: vȋr (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vír

Czech: vír

Old Polish: wir

Polish: wir

Slovak: vír

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wīr-, ultimately from the root of *vьrěti (“to boil”).
Cognate with Lithuanian vỹris, vỹrius (“whirlpool”), Latvian virags.


xvala

xvālà (canonical feminine)
b (accent-paradigm)
xvālà (nominative singular)
xvãlě (dual nominative)
xvālỳ (nominative plural)
xvālỳ (genitive singular)
xvālù (dual genitive)
xvãlъ (genitive plural)
xvālě̀ (dative singular)
xvālàma (dative dual)
xvālàmъ (dative plural)
xvālǫ̀ (accusative singular)
xvãlě (accusative dual)
xvālỳ (accusative plural)
xvālòjǫ (instrumental singular)
xvãlǫ (instrumental singular)
xvālàma (dual instrumental)
xvālàmī (instrumental plural)
xvālě̀ (locative singular)
xvālù (dual locative)
xvālàsъ (locative plural)
xvālàxъ (locative plural)
xvalo (singular vocative)
xvãlě (dual vocative)
xvālỳ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: хвала (xvala)

Old Ruthenian: хвала́ (xvalá), фала́ (falá)

Belarusian: хвала́ (xvalá)

Ukrainian: хвала́ (xvalá)

Russian: хвала́ (xvalá)

South Slavic

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: хвала (xvala)

Glagolitic script: ⱈⰲⰰⰾⰰ (xvala)

Bulgarian: хвала (hvala)

Macedonian: фала (fala)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: хва́ла

Latin script: hvála

Slovene: hvála (tonal orthography)

→ Hungarian: hála

→ Romanian: fală

West Slavic

Old Czech: chvála

Czech: chvála

Kashubian: chwała

Old Polish: chwała

Polish: chwała

Slovak: chvála

Slovincian: chwola

Sorbian

Lower Sorbian: chwała

Upper Sorbian: chwała

Unknown. Several explanations are proposed:
* Back-formation from *xvaliti (see there)
* Related with Old Norse skval (“noisy talk”), skvala (“to squeal, bawl out”), suggesting Proto-Indo-European *skwel(H)- (“to speak loudly, to celebrate”)
* Borrowed from Iranian, ultimately from Proto-Iranian *huHarnā́h, compare Younger Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀𐬵 n (xᵛar^ənah, “glory”)
Less likely from *slava (“fame”) with metathesis *slava > *svala > *xvala (according to some scholars, influenced by opposition *xula (“disgrace, shame”)); from Proto-Indo-European *swel- (“to smolder, to burn”); related with Hittite [script needed] (wallu-, “to praise”).


zakonъ

zakonъ (nominative singular)
zakona (dual nominative)
zakoni (nominative plural)
zakona (genitive singular)
zakonu (dual genitive)
zakonъ (genitive plural)
zakonu (dative singular)
zakonoma (dative dual)
zakonomъ (dative plural)
zakonъ (accusative singular)
zakona (accusative dual)
zakony (accusative plural)
zakonъmь (instrumental singular)
zakonomь (instrumental singular)
zakonoma (dual instrumental)
zakony (instrumental plural)
zakoně (locative singular)
zakonu (dual locative)
zakoněxъ (locative plural)
zakone (singular vocative)
zakona (dual vocative)
zakoni (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: законъ (zakonŭ)

Old Ruthenian: зако́нъ (zakón)

Belarusian: зако́н (zakón)

Ukrainian: зако́н (zakón)

desctree

Russian: зако́н (zakón), зако́нъ (zakón) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Armenian: զակոն (zakon)
→ Evenki: закон (zakon)
→ Ingrian: zakona
→ Kalmyk: закан (zakan)
→ Khakas: закон (zakon)
→ Kildin Sami: законн (zakonn)
→ Northern Kurdish: zagon
→ Southern Altai: зако́н (zakón)
→ Uzbek: zakon
→ Yakut: сокуон (sokuon)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: законъ (zakonŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰸⰰⰽⱁⱀⱏ (zakonŭ)

Bulgarian: зако́н (zakón)

Macedonian: закон (zakon)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: за́кон

Latin script: zákon

Slovene: zákon

West Slavic:

Old Czech: zákon

Czech: zákon

Old Polish: zakon

Polish: zakon

Slovak: zákon

From *za- (“for”) + *konъ (“term, end”), literally meaning “for an end” → “final position, term”.


rǫbъ

c (accent-paradigm)
rǫ̑bъ (nominative singular)
rǫ̑ba (dual nominative)
rǫ̑bi (nominative plural)
rǫ̑ba (genitive singular)
rǫbù (dual genitive)
rǫ̃bъ (genitive plural)
rǫ̑bu (dative singular)
rǫbomà (dative dual)
rǫbòmъ (dative plural)
rǫ̑bъ (accusative singular)
rǫ̑ba (accusative dual)
rǫ̑by (accusative plural)
rǫ̑bъmь (instrumental singular)
rǫ̑bomь (instrumental singular)
rǫbomà (dual instrumental)
rǫbý (instrumental plural)
rǫ̑bě (locative singular)
rǫbù (dual locative)
rǫbě̃xъ (locative plural)
rǫbe (singular vocative)
rǫ̑ba (dual vocative)
rǫ̑bi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: рубъ (rubŭ)

Belarusian: руб (rub)

Russian: руб (rub)

Ukrainian: руб (rub)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: ръб (rǎb, “hem, edge, border”), ръмп (rǎmp) (dialectal)

Macedonian: раб (rab)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: руб, обруб

Latin: rub, obrub

Slovene: rób (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: rub

Polish: rąb (obsolete), rąbek, obręb

Slovak: rub, obruba

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: rub

Upper Sorbian: rub

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rámbas. Baltic cognates include Latvian robs, Lithuanian rum̃bas.


lǫkъ

lǫ̑kъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
lǫ̑kъ (nominative singular)
lǫ̑ka (dual nominative)
lǫ̑ci (nominative plural)
lǫ̑ka (genitive singular)
lǫkù (dual genitive)
lǫ̃kъ (genitive plural)
lǫ̑ku (dative singular)
lǫkomà (dative dual)
lǫkòmъ (dative plural)
lǫ̑kъ (accusative singular)
lǫ̑ka (accusative dual)
lǫ̑ky (accusative plural)
lǫ̑kъmь (instrumental singular)
lǫ̑komь (instrumental singular)
lǫkomà (dual instrumental)
lǫký (instrumental plural)
lǫ̑cě (locative singular)
lǫkù (dual locative)
lǫcě̃xъ (locative plural)
lǫče (singular vocative)
lǫ̑ka (dual vocative)
lǫ̑ci (plural vocative)

Old East Slavic: лукъ (lukŭ)

Belarusian: лук (luk)

Russian: лук (luk)

Ukrainian: лук (luk)

→ Finnish: luokki, luokka

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: лѫкъ (lǫkŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰾⱘⰽⱏ (lǫkŭ)

Bulgarian: лък (lǎk), лънк (lǎnk) (dialectal)

Macedonian: лак (lak)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: лу̑к

Latin script: lȗk

Slovene: lọ̑k (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: luk
→ Polish: łuk

Kashubian: łãk

Polabian: lauk

Polish: łęk

Slovak: luk

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *lankás. Related to the verb *lęťi (“to bend”). Cognate with Lithuanian lañkas (“bow, arc”) and Latvian loks (“bow; arch”).


xormъ

xormъ (nominative singular)
xorma (dual nominative)
xormi (nominative plural)
xorma (genitive singular)
xormu (dual genitive)
xormъ (genitive plural)
xormu (dative singular)
xormoma (dative dual)
xormomъ (dative plural)
xormъ (accusative singular)
xorma (accusative dual)
xormy (accusative plural)
xormъmь (instrumental singular)
xormomь (instrumental singular)
xormoma (dual instrumental)
xormy (instrumental plural)
xormě (locative singular)
xormu (dual locative)
xorměxъ (locative plural)
xorme (singular vocative)
xorma (dual vocative)
xormi (plural vocative)

Old East Slavic: хоромъ (xoromŭ)

Belarusian: хо́рам (xóram)

Russian: хоро́мы (xorómy) (plurale tantum)

Ukrainian: хоро́м (xoróm), хоро́ми (xorómy) (plurale tantum)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: храмъ (xramŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱈⱃⰰⰿⱏ (xramŭ)

Bulgarian: храм (hram)

Macedonian: храм (hram)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: хра̑м

Latin script: hrȃm

Slovene: hràm (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: chrám

Czech: chrám

Slovak: chrám

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: chrom

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: hram

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kormós.
Cognate with Ancient Greek κορμός (kormós, “trunk of tree, log of timber”).


morkъ

mȏrkъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
mȏrkъ (nominative singular)
mȏrka (dual nominative)
mȏrci (nominative plural)
mȏrka (genitive singular)
morkù (dual genitive)
mõrkъ (genitive plural)
mȏrku (dative singular)
morkomà (dative dual)
morkòmъ (dative plural)
mȏrkъ (accusative singular)
mȏrka (accusative dual)
mȏrky (accusative plural)
mȏrkъmь (instrumental singular)
mȏrkomь (instrumental singular)
morkomà (dual instrumental)
morký (instrumental plural)
mȏrcě (locative singular)
morkù (dual locative)
morcě̃xъ (locative plural)
morče (singular vocative)
mȏrka (dual vocative)
mȏrci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: мо́рак (mórak)

Russian: мо́рок (mórok)

Ukrainian: мо́рок (mórok)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мракъ (mrakŭ)

→ Russian: мрак (mrak)

Glagolitic: ⰿⱃⰰⰽⱏ (mrakŭ)

Bulgarian: мрак (mrak)

Macedonian: мрак (mrak)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мра̑к

Latin script: mrȃk

Slovene: mrȃk (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mrak

Czech: mrak

Kashubian: mrok

Polish: mrok

→ Belarusian: мрок (mrok)

Slovak: mrak

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: mrok

Upper Sorbian: mrok

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *markas, from Proto-Indo-European *mergʷ- (“to flicker; to darken; to be dark”), cognate to Proto-Germanic *merkuz (“dark”) and Albanian murg (“dark”).


goldъ

gȏldъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
gȏldъ (nominative singular)
gȏlda (dual nominative)
gȏldi (nominative plural)
gȏlda (genitive singular)
goldù (dual genitive)
gõldъ (genitive plural)
gȏldu (dative singular)
goldomà (dative dual)
goldòmъ (dative plural)
gȏldъ (accusative singular)
gȏlda (accusative dual)
gȏldy (accusative plural)
gȏldъmь (instrumental singular)
gȏldomь (instrumental singular)
goldomà (dual instrumental)
goldý (instrumental plural)
gȏldě (locative singular)
goldù (dual locative)
goldě̃xъ (locative plural)
golde (singular vocative)
gȏlda (dual vocative)
gȏldi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: голодъ (golodŭ)

Belarusian: го́лад (hólad)

Russian: го́лод (gólod)

Ukrainian: го́лод (hólod)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: гладъ (gladŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰳⰾⰰⰴⱏ (gladŭ)

Bulgarian: глад (glad)

Macedonian: глад (glad)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гла̑д

Latin script: glȃd

Slovene: glȃd (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hlad

Czech: hlad

Kashubian: gółd

Polabian: glåd

Polish: głód

Slovak: hlad

Slovincian: glód

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: głod

Upper Sorbian: hłód

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *galdás, from Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾oldʰ-ó-s, from *g⁽ʷ⁾eldʰ- (“to desire greedily , to wish”).
Cognate with Sanskrit गृध्र (gṛ́dhra, “desiring greedily”).

cog

Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben
Rick Derksen


storžь

stȏržь (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
stȏržь (nominative singular)
stȏrža (dual nominative)
stȏrži (nominative plural)
stȏrža (genitive singular)
storžù (dual genitive)
stõržь (genitive plural)
stȏržu (dative singular)
storžemà (dative dual)
storžèmъ (dative plural)
stȏržь (accusative singular)
stȏrža (accusative dual)
stȏržę̇ (accusative plural)
stȏržьmь (instrumental singular)
stȏržemь (instrumental singular)
storžemà (dual instrumental)
storží (instrumental plural)
stȏrži (locative singular)
storžù (dual locative)
storžĩxъ (locative plural)
storžu (singular vocative)
stȏrža (dual vocative)
stȏrži (plural vocative)

Old East Slavic: сторожь (storožĭ)

Belarusian: сто́раж (stóraž)

Russian: сто́рож (stórož)

Ukrainian: сто́рож (stórož)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: стражь (stražĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱅⱃⰰⰶⱐ (stražĭ)

Bulgarian: страж (straž)

Macedonian: страж (straž)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: stráž

Czech: stráž

Polabian: storz

Old Polish: stróż

Polish: stróż

Slovak: stráž

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *starˀgiás. Probably descending from Proto-Indo-European *sterg- (“to protect, to shield”), akin with Ancient Greek στέργω (stérgō, “to love”), στοργή (storgḗ, “affection”). Further comparable with Proto-Indo-European *(s)terg- (“to strengthen”) whence Proto-Germanic *starkuz (“stark”).
Compare also Latvian sar̂gs (“watchman, guard”), Lithuanian sárgas (“watchman, guard”), Proto-Slavic *sorgъ (“strict, watchful”).


xoldьnъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *xoldьnъ (hard, accent paradigm c)

Definite declension of *xoldьnъ (hard, accent paradigm c)

c (accent-paradigm)
xoldьnъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
xoldьna (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
xoldьno (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
xoldьna (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
xoldьny (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
xoldьna (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
xoldьnu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
xoldьně (dative feminine indefinite singular)
xoldьnu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
xoldьnъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
xoldьnǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
xoldьno (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
xoldьnomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
xoldьnojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
xoldьnomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
xoldьně (indefinite locative masculine singular)
xoldьně (feminine indefinite locative singular)
xoldьně (indefinite locative neuter singular)
xoldьne (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
xoldьno (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
xoldьno (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
xoldьna (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
xoldьně (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
xoldьně (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
xoldьnu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
xoldьnu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
xoldьnu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
xoldьnoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
xoldьnama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
xoldьnoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
xoldьna (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
xoldьně (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
xoldьně (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
xoldьnoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
xoldьnama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
xoldьnoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
xoldьnu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
xoldьnu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
xoldьnu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
xoldьna (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
xoldьně (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
xoldьně (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
xoldьni (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
xoldьny (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
xoldьna (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
xoldьnъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
xoldьnъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
xoldьnъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
xoldьnomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
xoldьnamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
xoldьnomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
xoldьny (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
xoldьny (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
xoldьna (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
xoldьny (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
xoldьnami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
xoldьny (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
xoldьněxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
xoldьnaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
xoldьněxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
xoldьni (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
xoldьny (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
xoldьna (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
c (accent-paradigm)
xoldьnъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
xoldьnaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
xoldьnoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
xoldьnajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
xoldьnyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
xoldьnajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
xoldьnujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
xoldьněji (dative definite feminine singular)
xoldьnujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
xoldьnъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
xoldьnǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
xoldьnoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
xoldьnyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
xoldьnǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
xoldьnyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
xoldьnějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
xoldьněji (definite feminine locative singular)
xoldьnějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
xoldьnъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
xoldьnaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
xoldьnoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
xoldьnaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
xoldьněji (definite dual feminine nominative)
xoldьněji (definite dual neuter nominative)
xoldьnuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
xoldьnuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
xoldьnuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
xoldьnyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
xoldьnyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
xoldьnyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
xoldьnaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
xoldьněji (accusative definite dual feminine)
xoldьněji (accusative definite dual neuter)
xoldьnyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
xoldьnyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
xoldьnyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
xoldьnuju (definite dual locative masculine)
xoldьnuju (definite dual feminine locative)
xoldьnuju (definite dual locative neuter)
xoldьnaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
xoldьněji (definite dual feminine vocative)
xoldьněji (definite dual neuter vocative)
xoldьniji (definite masculine nominative plural)
xoldьnyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
xoldьnaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
xoldьnъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
xoldьnъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
xoldьnъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
xoldьnyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
xoldьnyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
xoldьnyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
xoldьnyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
xoldьnyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
xoldьnaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
xoldьnyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
xoldьnyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
xoldьnyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
xoldьnyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
xoldьnyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
xoldьnyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
xoldьniji (definite masculine plural vocative)
xoldьnyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
xoldьnaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: хало́дны (xalódny)

Russian: холо́дный (xolódnyj)

Ukrainian: холо́дний (xolódnyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: хладьнъ (xladĭnŭ)

→ Russian: хла́дный (xládnyj) (poetic)

Bulgarian: хла́ден (hláden)

Macedonian: ладен (laden)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: хла́дан

Latin script: hládan

Slovene: hlȃdən (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: chłodny

Old Czech: chladný

Czech: chladný

Polish: chłodny

Slovak: chladný

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: chłodny

Upper Sorbian: chłódny


xorbrъ

xòrbrъ (canonical)
a (accent-paradigm)
xorbrъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
xorbra (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
xorbro (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
xorbra (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
xorbry (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
xorbra (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
xorbru (dative indefinite masculine singular)
xorbrě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
xorbru (dative indefinite neuter singular)
xorbrъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
xorbrǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
xorbro (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
xorbromь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
xorbrojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
xorbromь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
xorbrě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
xorbrě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
xorbrě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
xorbre (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
xorbro (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
xorbro (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
xorbra (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
xorbrě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
xorbrě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
xorbru (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
xorbru (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
xorbru (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
xorbroma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
xorbrama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
xorbroma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
xorbra (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
xorbrě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
xorbrě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
xorbroma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
xorbrama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
xorbroma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
xorbru (dual indefinite locative masculine)
xorbru (dual feminine indefinite locative)
xorbru (dual indefinite locative neuter)
xorbra (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
xorbrě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
xorbrě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
xorbri (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
xorbry (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
xorbra (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
xorbrъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
xorbrъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
xorbrъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
xorbromъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
xorbramъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
xorbromъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
xorbry (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
xorbry (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
xorbra (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
xorbry (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
xorbrami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
xorbry (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
xorbrěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
xorbraxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
xorbrěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
xorbri (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
xorbry (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
xorbra (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
a (accent-paradigm)
xorbrъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
xorbraja (definite feminine nominative singular)
xorbroje (definite neuter nominative singular)
xorbrajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
xorbryję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
xorbrajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
xorbrujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
xorbrěji (dative definite feminine singular)
xorbrujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
xorbrъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
xorbrǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
xorbroje (accusative definite neuter singular)
xorbryjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
xorbrǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
xorbryjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
xorbrějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
xorbrěji (definite feminine locative singular)
xorbrějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
xorbrъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
xorbraja (definite feminine singular vocative)
xorbroje (definite neuter singular vocative)
xorbraja (definite dual masculine nominative)
xorbrěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
xorbrěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
xorbruju (definite dual genitive masculine)
xorbruju (definite dual feminine genitive)
xorbruju (definite dual genitive neuter)
xorbryjima (dative definite dual masculine)
xorbryjima (dative definite dual feminine)
xorbryjima (dative definite dual neuter)
xorbraja (accusative definite dual masculine)
xorbrěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
xorbrěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
xorbryjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
xorbryjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
xorbryjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
xorbruju (definite dual locative masculine)
xorbruju (definite dual feminine locative)
xorbruju (definite dual locative neuter)
xorbraja (definite dual masculine vocative)
xorbrěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
xorbrěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
xorbriji (definite masculine nominative plural)
xorbryję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
xorbraja (definite neuter nominative plural)
xorbrъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
xorbrъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
xorbrъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
xorbryjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
xorbryjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
xorbryjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
xorbryję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
xorbryję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
xorbraja (accusative definite neuter plural)
xorbryjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
xorbryjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
xorbryjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
xorbryjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
xorbryjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
xorbryjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
xorbriji (definite masculine plural vocative)
xorbryję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
xorbraja (definite neuter plural vocative)

Indefinite declension of *xorbrъ (hard, accent paradigm a)

Definite declension of *xorbrъ (hard, accent paradigm a)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: хоробръ (xorobrŭ)

Belarusian: харо́бры (xaróbry)

Russian: хоро́брый (xoróbryj) (obsolete)

Ukrainian: хоро́брий (xoróbryj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: храбръ (xrabrŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱈⱃⰰⰱⱃⱏ (xrabrŭ)

Bulgarian: хра́бър (hrábǎr)

Macedonian: хра́бар (hrábar)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: хра́бар

Latin script: hrábar

Slovene: hráber (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: chrabrý

Czech: chrabrý

Polish: chrobry (obsolete)

Slovak: chrabrý

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: chrobły

Lower Sorbian: chrobry (obsolete)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *skárˀbas + *-rъ, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kerb-. Related to Latvian šķerbs (“astringent, sharp”), Proto-Germanic *skarpaz.


čepьcь

čepьcь (nominative singular)
čepьca (dual nominative)
čepьci (nominative plural)
čepьca (genitive singular)
čepьcu (dual genitive)
čepьcь (genitive plural)
čepьcu (dative singular)
čepьcema (dative dual)
čepьcemъ (dative plural)
čepьcь (accusative singular)
čepьca (accusative dual)
čepьcę̇ (accusative plural)
čepьcьmь (instrumental singular)
čepьcemь (instrumental singular)
čepьcema (dual instrumental)
čepьci (instrumental plural)
čepьci (locative singular)
čepьcu (dual locative)
čepьcixъ (locative plural)
čepьče (singular vocative)
čepьca (dual vocative)
čepьci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: чепьць (čepĭcĭ)

Belarusian: чапе́ц (čapjéc)

Russian: чепе́ц (čepéc)

Ukrainian: чепе́ць (čepécʹ)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: чѐпац

Latin script: čèpac

Slovene: čȇpec

West Slavic:

Old Czech: čepec

Czech: čepec

Polish: czepiec

Slovak: čepiec

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: copc, cepc (dialectal)

Upper Sorbian: čěpc

Compare Lithuanian kepùrė, Latvian cepure. Probably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kep- (“to ditch, to chop”), akin to Proto-Slavic *kopati (“to dig”), Proto-Slavic *skopiti (“to castrate”).


porzdьnъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *porzdьnъ (hard)

Definite declension of *porzdьnъ (hard)

porzdьnъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
porzdьna (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
porzdьno (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
porzdьna (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
porzdьny (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
porzdьna (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
porzdьnu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
porzdьně (dative feminine indefinite singular)
porzdьnu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
porzdьnъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
porzdьnǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
porzdьno (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
porzdьnomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
porzdьnojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
porzdьnomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
porzdьně (indefinite locative masculine singular)
porzdьně (feminine indefinite locative singular)
porzdьně (indefinite locative neuter singular)
porzdьne (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
porzdьno (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
porzdьno (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
porzdьna (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
porzdьně (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
porzdьně (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
porzdьnu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
porzdьnu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
porzdьnu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
porzdьnoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
porzdьnama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
porzdьnoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
porzdьna (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
porzdьně (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
porzdьně (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
porzdьnoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
porzdьnama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
porzdьnoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
porzdьnu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
porzdьnu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
porzdьnu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
porzdьna (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
porzdьně (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
porzdьně (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
porzdьni (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
porzdьny (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
porzdьna (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
porzdьnъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
porzdьnъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
porzdьnъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
porzdьnomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
porzdьnamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
porzdьnomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
porzdьny (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
porzdьny (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
porzdьna (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
porzdьny (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
porzdьnami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
porzdьny (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
porzdьněxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
porzdьnaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
porzdьněxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
porzdьni (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
porzdьny (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
porzdьna (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
porzdьnъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
porzdьnaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
porzdьnoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
porzdьnajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
porzdьnyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
porzdьnajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
porzdьnujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
porzdьněji (dative definite feminine singular)
porzdьnujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
porzdьnъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
porzdьnǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
porzdьnoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
porzdьnyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
porzdьnǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
porzdьnyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
porzdьnějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
porzdьněji (definite feminine locative singular)
porzdьnějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
porzdьnъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
porzdьnaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
porzdьnoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
porzdьnaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
porzdьněji (definite dual feminine nominative)
porzdьněji (definite dual neuter nominative)
porzdьnuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
porzdьnuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
porzdьnuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
porzdьnyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
porzdьnyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
porzdьnyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
porzdьnaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
porzdьněji (accusative definite dual feminine)
porzdьněji (accusative definite dual neuter)
porzdьnyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
porzdьnyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
porzdьnyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
porzdьnuju (definite dual locative masculine)
porzdьnuju (definite dual feminine locative)
porzdьnuju (definite dual locative neuter)
porzdьnaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
porzdьněji (definite dual feminine vocative)
porzdьněji (definite dual neuter vocative)
porzdьniji (definite masculine nominative plural)
porzdьnyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
porzdьnaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
porzdьnъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
porzdьnъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
porzdьnъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
porzdьnyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
porzdьnyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
porzdьnyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
porzdьnyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
porzdьnyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
porzdьnaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
porzdьnyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
porzdьnyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
porzdьnyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
porzdьnyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
porzdьnyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
porzdьnyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
porzdьniji (definite masculine plural vocative)
porzdьnyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
porzdьnaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: пороздьнъ (porozdĭnŭ), порожьнъ (porožĭnŭ)

Belarusian: паро́жні (paróžni)

Russian: поро́жний (poróžnij)

Ukrainian: поро́жній (poróžnij)

Carpathian Rusyn: порожний (porožnyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: праздьнъ (prazdĭnŭ)

→ Russian: пра́здный (prázdnyj)

Bulgarian: пра́зен (prázen), пра́зден (prázden) (archaic)

Macedonian: празен (prazen)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пра́зан

Latin script: prázan

Slovene: prázen (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: prázdn

Czech: prázdný

→ Hungarian: parázna

desctree

Old Polish: prózny
Polish: próżny
Silesian: prōzny

Slovak: prázdny

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: prozny

Upper Sorbian: prózdny, prózny


pelva

pèlva (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
pèlva (nominative singular)
pèlvě (dual nominative)
pèlvy (nominative plural)
pèlvy (genitive singular)
pèlvu (dual genitive)
pèlvъ (genitive plural)
pèlvě (dative singular)
pèlvama (dative dual)
pèlvamъ (dative plural)
pèlvǫ (accusative singular)
pèlvě (accusative dual)
pèlvy (accusative plural)
pèlvojǫ (instrumental singular)
pèlvǭ (instrumental singular)
pèlvama (dual instrumental)
pèlvamī (instrumental plural)
pèlvě (locative singular)
pèlvu (dual locative)
pèlvasъ (locative plural)
pèlvaxъ (locative plural)
pèlvo (singular vocative)
pèlvě (dual vocative)
pèlvy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: пало́ва (palóva)

Russian: поло́ва (polóva)

Ukrainian: поло́ва (polóva)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: плѣва (plěva)

Bulgarian: пля́ва (pljáva)

Macedonian: плева (pleva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пле̏ва, пље̏ва

Latin: plȅva, pljȅva

Slovene: plẹ́va (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: pleva

Czech: pleva

Bohemian (Chod dialect): plíva

Polish: plewa

Old Slovak: pleva

Slovak: pleva

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: pluwa

Lower Sorbian: plowa

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: pelyva

From Proto-Indo-European *pelH-u-. Cognate with Lithuanian pẽlūs, Old Prussian pelwo, Sanskrit पलाव (palā́va, “chaff, husks”).


solma

sòlma (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
sòlma (nominative singular)
sòlmě (dual nominative)
sòlmy (nominative plural)
sòlmy (genitive singular)
sòlmu (dual genitive)
sòlmъ (genitive plural)
sòlmě (dative singular)
sòlmama (dative dual)
sòlmamъ (dative plural)
sòlmǫ (accusative singular)
sòlmě (accusative dual)
sòlmy (accusative plural)
sòlmojǫ (instrumental singular)
sòlmǭ (instrumental singular)
sòlmama (dual instrumental)
sòlmamī (instrumental plural)
sòlmě (locative singular)
sòlmu (dual locative)
sòlmasъ (locative plural)
sòlmaxъ (locative plural)
sòlmo (singular vocative)
sòlmě (dual vocative)
sòlmy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: солома (soloma)

Belarusian: сало́ма (salóma)

Russian: соло́ма (solóma)

Ukrainian: соло́ма (solóma)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: сла́ма (sláma)

Macedonian: сла́ма (sláma)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сла̏ма

Latin script: slȁma

Slovene: sláma

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sláma

Czech: sláma

Polabian: slåmă

Polish: słoma

Slovak: slama

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: słoma

Upper Sorbian: słoma

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śálˀmāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱólh₂meh₂. Cognate with Latvian sal̃ms, Old Prussian salme, Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos), Latin culmus, Proto-Germanic *halmaz.


volkъno

volkъnò (canonical neuter)
b (accent-paradigm)
vōlkъnò (nominative singular)
volkъ̀ně (dual nominative)
vōlkъnà (nominative plural)
vōlkъnà (genitive singular)
vōlkъnù (dual genitive)
volkъ̀nъ (genitive plural)
vōlkъnù (dative singular)
vōlkъnòma (dative dual)
vōlkъnòmъ (dative plural)
vōlkъnò (accusative singular)
volkъ̀ně (accusative dual)
vōlkъnà (accusative plural)
vōlkъnъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
vōlkъnòmь (instrumental singular)
vōlkъnòma (dual instrumental)
volkъ̀ny (instrumental plural)
vōlkъně̀ (locative singular)
vōlkъnù (dual locative)
volkъ̀něxъ (locative plural)
vōlkъnò (singular vocative)
volkъ̀ně (dual vocative)
vōlkъnà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old Ruthenian: волокно (volokno)

Belarusian: валакно́ (valaknó)

Ukrainian: волокно́ (voloknó)

Russian: волокно́ (voloknó)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: влакъно (vlakŭno)

Bulgarian: влакно́ (vlaknó)

Macedonian: влакно (vlakno)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: вла́кно

Latin script: vlákno

Slovene: vlákno

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vlákno

Czech: vlákno

Old Polish: włókno

Polish: włókno

Slovak: vlákno

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: łokno

Upper Sorbian: włokno

* Derksen: From depalatalized Proto-Indo-European *wolḱnom; cognate with Sanskrit वल्क (valka), Old English wlōh.
*


polzъ

pȏlzъ (canonical masculine)
polzъ (nominative singular)
polza (dual nominative)
polzi (nominative plural)
polza (genitive singular)
polzu (dual genitive)
polzъ (genitive plural)
polzu (dative singular)
polzoma (dative dual)
polzomъ (dative plural)
polzъ (accusative singular)
polza (accusative dual)
polzy (accusative plural)
polzъmь (instrumental singular)
polzomь (instrumental singular)
polzoma (dual instrumental)
polzy (instrumental plural)
polzě (locative singular)
polzu (dual locative)
polzěxъ (locative plural)
polze (singular vocative)
polza (dual vocative)
polzi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: по́лаз (pólaz)

Russian: по́лоз (póloz)

Ukrainian: по́лоз (póloz)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: плаз (plaz)

Macedonian: плаз (plaz)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пла̑з

Latin script: рlа̑z

Slovene: рlа̑z

West Slavic:

Czech: plaz

→ Polish: płaz

Polish: płoz, płóz

Slovak: plaz

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian:


korsta

kòrsta (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
kòrsta (nominative singular)
kòrstě (dual nominative)
kòrsty (nominative plural)
kòrsty (genitive singular)
kòrstu (dual genitive)
kòrstъ (genitive plural)
kòrstě (dative singular)
kòrstama (dative dual)
kòrstamъ (dative plural)
kòrstǫ (accusative singular)
kòrstě (accusative dual)
kòrsty (accusative plural)
kòrstojǫ (instrumental singular)
kòrstǭ (instrumental singular)
kòrstama (dual instrumental)
kòrstamī (instrumental plural)
kòrstě (locative singular)
kòrstu (dual locative)
kòrstasъ (locative plural)
kòrstaxъ (locative plural)
kòrsto (singular vocative)
kòrstě (dual vocative)
kòrsty (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: каро́ста (karósta)

Russian: коро́ста (korósta)

Ukrainian: коро́ста (korósta)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: краста (krasta)

Glagolitic script: ⰽⱃⰰⱄⱅⰰ (krasta)

Macedonian: краста (krasta)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кра̏ста

Latin script: krȁsta

Slovene: krásta (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: krásta

Czech: chrásta

Polish: krosta

Slovak: chrasta

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian:

Uncertain. According to Pokorny, from Proto-Indo-European *kars- (“to card, scratch”), which is compared to Lithuanian kar̃šti (“to comb (wool or linen)”) (1sg. karšiù, 1sg. past karšiaũ), Latvian kā̀rst (“to comb (wool or linen)”) (1sg. kā̀ršu, 1sg. past kā̀rsu), Sanskrit कषति (káṣati, “to scrape, scratch”), Latin carrō, carriō, carreō, carō, cariō, careō (“to scratch, to comb (wool)”) (the Latin form varies between manuscripts and is uncertain).
Possibly related to Low German harsch (whence English harsh).


merža

mèrža (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
mèrža (nominative singular)
mèrži (dual nominative)
mèržę̇ (nominative plural)
mèržę̇ (genitive singular)
mèržu (dual genitive)
mèržь (genitive plural)
mèržī (dative singular)
mèržama (dative dual)
mèržāmъ (dative plural)
mèržǫ (accusative singular)
mèrži (accusative dual)
mèržę̇ (accusative plural)
mèržējǫ (instrumental singular)
mèržǭ (instrumental singular)
mèržama (dual instrumental)
mèržāmī (instrumental plural)
mèržī (locative singular)
mèržu (dual locative)
mèržāsъ (locative plural)
mèrže (singular vocative)
mèrži (dual vocative)
mèržę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: мярэ́жа (mjaréža)

desc

Russian: мерёжа (merjóža), мере́жа (meréža)

Ukrainian: мере́жа (meréža)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мрѣжа (mrěža)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: мре́жа (mréža), мря́жа (mrjáža) (dialectal)

Macedonian: мрежа (mreža)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мре̏жа

Latin script: mrȅža

Slovene: mrẹ́ža (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mřiežě

Czech: mříž

Polish: mrzeża (archaic)

Slovak: mreža

Compare Ancient Greek μέρμις (mérmis, “rope, cord”), Latvian mer̂ga, and possibly Lithuanian márška (“fishing net”).


bornь

bȏrnь (canonical feminine)
c (accent-paradigm)
bȏrnь (nominative singular)
bȏrni (dual nominative)
bȏrni (nominative plural)
borní (genitive singular)
bornьjù (dual genitive)
bornь̀jь (genitive plural)
bȏrni (dative singular)
bornьmà (dative dual)
bȏrnьmъ (dative plural)
bȏrnь (accusative singular)
bȏrni (accusative dual)
bȏrni (accusative plural)
bornьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
bornьmà (dual instrumental)
bornьmì (instrumental plural)
borní (locative singular)
bornьjù (dual locative)
bȏrnьxъ (locative plural)
borni (singular vocative)
bȏrni (dual vocative)
bȏrni (plural vocative)

Old East Slavic: боронь (boronĭ)

Russian: бо́ронь (bóronʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: брань (branĭ)

Bulgarian: бран (bran)

→ Russian: брань (branʹ)

Macedonian:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бра̑н

Latin script: brȃn

Slovene: brán

West Slavic:

Czech: braň

Kashubian: barń, barniô

desctree

Old Polish: broń
Polish: broń
Silesian: brōń

Slovak: bráň

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: broń

Upper Sorbian: bróń

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *barˀnís, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH-. Equivalent to *borti (“to wrestle, to fight”) + *-nь.


bolna

bòlna (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
bòlna (nominative singular)
bòlně (dual nominative)
bòlny (nominative plural)
bòlny (genitive singular)
bòlnu (dual genitive)
bòlnъ (genitive plural)
bòlně (dative singular)
bòlnama (dative dual)
bòlnamъ (dative plural)
bòlnǫ (accusative singular)
bòlně (accusative dual)
bòlny (accusative plural)
bòlnojǫ (instrumental singular)
bòlnǭ (instrumental singular)
bòlnama (dual instrumental)
bòlnamī (instrumental plural)
bòlně (locative singular)
bòlnu (dual locative)
bòlnasъ (locative plural)
bòlnaxъ (locative plural)
bòlno (singular vocative)
bòlně (dual vocative)
bòlny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: болона (bolona)

Belarusian: бало́на (balóna)

Russian: болона́ (boloná)

Ukrainian: боло́на (bolóna)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Church Slavonic (Russian recension): блана (blana)

Bulgarian: блана́ (blaná)

Macedonian: блана́ (blaná)

Slovene: blána (tonal orthography) (obsolete)

West Slavic:

Czech: blána

Kashubian: blóna (“cloud”)

Polabian: blånă (“meadow”)

Polish: błona

Slovak: blana

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: błona

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: blanë

Nomen abstractum of Proto-Balto-Slavic *balˀnas (“white, bright”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰolHnos (“bright, clear, vibrant”) + *-h₂. Cognate with Lithuanian bálnas (“white, having a white back”).

bolnьje

*bolnь (whence Russian бо́лонь (bólonʹ))


obolstь

obolstь (nominative singular)
obolsti (dual nominative)
obolsti (nominative plural)
obolsti (genitive singular)
obolstьju (dual genitive)
obolstьjь (genitive plural)
obolsti (dative singular)
obolstьma (dative dual)
obolstьmъ (dative plural)
obolstь (accusative singular)
obolsti (accusative dual)
obolsti (accusative plural)
obolstьjǫ (instrumental singular)
obolstьma (dual instrumental)
obolstьmi (instrumental plural)
obolsti (locative singular)
obolstьju (dual locative)
obolstьxъ (locative plural)
obolsti (singular vocative)
obolsti (dual vocative)
obolsti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: оболость (obolostĭ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: область (oblastĭ)

Macedonian: област (oblast)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̏бла̄ст

Latin script: ȍblāst

Slovene: oblást

West Slavic:

Czech: oblast

>? Polish: obłość (since 19th century)

Slovak: oblasť

Back-formation from *obolsti (“to control”).


xъmeľь

xъmèľь (canonical masculine)
xъmeľь (nominative singular)
xъmeľa (dual nominative)
xъmeľi (nominative plural)
xъmeľa (genitive singular)
xъmeľu (dual genitive)
xъmeľь (genitive plural)
xъmeľu (dative singular)
xъmeľema (dative dual)
xъmeľemъ (dative plural)
xъmeľь (accusative singular)
xъmeľa (accusative dual)
xъmeľę̇ (accusative plural)
xъmeľьmь (instrumental singular)
xъmeľemь (instrumental singular)
xъmeľema (dual instrumental)
xъmeľi (instrumental plural)
xъmeľi (locative singular)
xъmeľu (dual locative)
xъmeľixъ (locative plural)
xъmeľu (singular vocative)
xъmeľa (dual vocative)
xъmeľi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: хмель (xmjelʹ)

Russian: хмель (xmelʹ)

Ukrainian: хміль (xmilʹ)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: хмель (xmelĭ), хмѣль (xmělĭ)

Bulgarian: хмел (hmel)

Macedonian: хмељ (hmelj)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: хме̏љ

Latin script: hmȅlj

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: hmẹ̑lj, hmȅlj (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: chmel

Kashubian: chmiél

Polabian: xėmil

Polish: chmiel

Slovak: chmeľ

Non-Slavic:

→ Greek: χούμελη (choúmeli)

Commonly derived from either Germanic, Indo-Iranian or Turkic.
See Old Norse humli, Ossetian хуымӕллӕг (x°ymællæg) and Proto-Turkic *kumlak respectively.


věverъka

vě̀verъka (canonical feminine)
věverъka (nominative singular)
věverъcě (dual nominative)
věverъky (nominative plural)
věverъky (genitive singular)
věverъku (dual genitive)
věverъkъ (genitive plural)
věverъcě (dative singular)
věverъkama (dative dual)
věverъkamъ (dative plural)
věverъkǫ (accusative singular)
věverъcě (accusative dual)
věverъky (accusative plural)
věverъkojǫ (instrumental singular)
věverъkǫ (instrumental singular)
věverъkama (dual instrumental)
věverъkami (instrumental plural)
věverъcě (locative singular)
věverъku (dual locative)
věverъkasъ (locative plural)
věverъkaxъ (locative plural)
věverъko (singular vocative)
věverъcě (dual vocative)
věverъky (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: *вѣ́веръка (*vě́verŭka)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: вѣ́верка (vě́verka)
Belarusian: вавёрка (vavjórka)
Carpathian Rusyn: веве́рка (vevérka)
Ukrainian: ви́вірка (vývirka); веві́рка (vevírka), вові́рка (vovírka), є́вірка (jévirka), лави́рка (lavýrka), лови́рка (lovýrka) (dialectal)

Russian: вевёрка (vevjórka)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

desc

Cyrillic script: вје̏верка, ве̏верка

Cyrillic script: вје̏верка, ве̏верка

Latin script: vjȅverka, vȅverka

Slovene: vẹ́verka (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: veverka

Old Polish: wiewiórka

desctree

Polish: wiewiórka
→ Ukrainian: вев'ю́рка (vevʺjúrka), вив'ю́рка (vyvʺjúrka), вію́рка (vijúrka), гав'ю́рка (havʺjúrka) (dialectal)

Silesian: wywiōrka

From *vě̀verь + *-ъka, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wēweris, from Proto-Indo-European *we-wer- (“squirrel, marten”).

inh

Jaroslav Rudnyckyj
ru:Аникин, Александр Евгеньевич


věverica

vě̀verica (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
vě̀verica (nominative singular)
vě̀verici (dual nominative)
vě̀vericę̇ (nominative plural)
vě̀vericę̇ (genitive singular)
vě̀vericu (dual genitive)
vě̀vericь (genitive plural)
vě̀vericī (dative singular)
vě̀vericama (dative dual)
vě̀vericāmъ (dative plural)
vě̀vericǫ (accusative singular)
vě̀verici (accusative dual)
vě̀vericę̇ (accusative plural)
vě̀vericējǫ (instrumental singular)
vě̀vericǭ (instrumental singular)
vě̀vericama (dual instrumental)
vě̀vericāmī (instrumental plural)
vě̀vericī (locative singular)
vě̀vericu (dual locative)
vě̀vericāsъ (locative plural)
vě̀verice (singular vocative)
vě̀verici (dual vocative)
vě̀vericę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вѣ́верица (vě́verica)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: вѣ́верица (vě́verica)
Belarusian: веве́рыцы (vjevjérycy) (dialectal)
Ukrainian: ве́вериця (véverycja), ви́верица (výveryca), ви́вірица (výviryca) (dialectal)

Russian: ве́верица (véverica)

desc

Old Novgorodian: вѣверица (věverica), вьверица (vĭverica), вьвьрича (vĭvĭriča)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: вѣверица (věverica)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⱑⰲⰵⱃⰻⱌⰰ (věverica)

Bulgarian: ве́верица (véverica), верве́рица (vervérica) (Western dialects)

Macedonian: верверица (ververica)

Serbo-Croatian: vjeverica, vȅverica, ве̏верица

Slovene: vẹ́verica

West Slavic:

Old Czech: veveřicě

Czech: veveřice

Old Polish: wiewierzyca

Slovak: veverica

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wjewjerca, wjewjerčka

Lower Sorbian: njewjerica, njewjericka

Non-Slavic:

→ Greek: βερβερίτσα (ververítsa)

→ Romanian: veveriță

From earlier *vě̀verь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wēweris, cognate to Lithuanian voverė, voverìs, vėverìs (“squirrel”), Latvian vāvere (“squirrel”), Old Prussian weware (“squirrel”), Persian وروره (varvarah) Welsh gwiwer, Latin vīverra, from Proto-Indo-European *we-wer- (“squirrel, marten”), a reduplicated form of the root *wer- (“to wrap, to turn”) (with secondary meaning “to brew, to boil”). The name has been derived because of the typical agile locomotion of squirrels, compare Polish wiercipięta (“squirrel, fidget”), from Proto-Slavic *vьrtě̀ti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wirtḗˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥t-éh₁-ti, from *wert-, from the same root *wer- (“to wrap, to turn”).


goldьnъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *goldьnъ (hard)

Definite declension of *goldьnъ (hard)

goldьnъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
goldьna (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
goldьno (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
goldьna (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
goldьny (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
goldьna (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
goldьnu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
goldьně (dative feminine indefinite singular)
goldьnu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
goldьnъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
goldьnǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
goldьno (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
goldьnomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
goldьnojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
goldьnomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
goldьně (indefinite locative masculine singular)
goldьně (feminine indefinite locative singular)
goldьně (indefinite locative neuter singular)
goldьne (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
goldьno (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
goldьno (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
goldьna (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
goldьně (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
goldьně (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
goldьnu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
goldьnu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
goldьnu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
goldьnoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
goldьnama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
goldьnoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
goldьna (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
goldьně (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
goldьně (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
goldьnoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
goldьnama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
goldьnoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
goldьnu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
goldьnu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
goldьnu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
goldьna (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
goldьně (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
goldьně (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
goldьni (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
goldьny (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
goldьna (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
goldьnъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
goldьnъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
goldьnъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
goldьnomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
goldьnamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
goldьnomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
goldьny (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
goldьny (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
goldьna (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
goldьny (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
goldьnami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
goldьny (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
goldьněxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
goldьnaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
goldьněxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
goldьni (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
goldьny (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
goldьna (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
goldьnъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
goldьnaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
goldьnoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
goldьnajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
goldьnyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
goldьnajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
goldьnujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
goldьněji (dative definite feminine singular)
goldьnujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
goldьnъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
goldьnǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
goldьnoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
goldьnyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
goldьnǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
goldьnyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
goldьnějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
goldьněji (definite feminine locative singular)
goldьnějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
goldьnъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
goldьnaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
goldьnoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
goldьnaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
goldьněji (definite dual feminine nominative)
goldьněji (definite dual neuter nominative)
goldьnuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
goldьnuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
goldьnuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
goldьnyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
goldьnyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
goldьnyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
goldьnaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
goldьněji (accusative definite dual feminine)
goldьněji (accusative definite dual neuter)
goldьnyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
goldьnyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
goldьnyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
goldьnuju (definite dual locative masculine)
goldьnuju (definite dual feminine locative)
goldьnuju (definite dual locative neuter)
goldьnaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
goldьněji (definite dual feminine vocative)
goldьněji (definite dual neuter vocative)
goldьniji (definite masculine nominative plural)
goldьnyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
goldьnaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
goldьnъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
goldьnъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
goldьnъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
goldьnyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
goldьnyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
goldьnyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
goldьnyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
goldьnyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
goldьnaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
goldьnyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
goldьnyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
goldьnyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
goldьnyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
goldьnyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
goldьnyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
goldьniji (definite masculine plural vocative)
goldьnyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
goldьnaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: голодьнъ (golodĭnŭ)

Old Ruthenian: голодный (holodnyj)

desc

Belarusian: гало́дны (halódny); гало́дный (halódnyj) (dialectal)

Carpathian Rusyn: голодный (holodnŷj)

Ukrainian: голо́дний (holódnyj)

Russian: голо́дный (golódnyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: гладьнъ (gladĭnŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰳⰾⰰⰴⱐⱀⱏ (gladĭnŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гла́дан

Latin script: gládan

Slovene: gláden (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hladný

Czech: hladný (dialectal)

Old Polish: głodzien

Polish: głodny

Old Slovak: hladný

Pannonian Rusyn: гладни (hladni)

Slovak: hladný

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: głodny

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: hłódny

Lower Sorbian: głodny


gotovъ

gotòvъ (canonical)
a (accent-paradigm)
gotovъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
gotova (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
gotovo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
gotova (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
gotovy (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
gotova (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
gotovu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
gotově (dative feminine indefinite singular)
gotovu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
gotovъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
gotovǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
gotovo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
gotovomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
gotovojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
gotovomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
gotově (indefinite locative masculine singular)
gotově (feminine indefinite locative singular)
gotově (indefinite locative neuter singular)
gotove (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
gotovo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
gotovo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
gotova (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
gotově (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
gotově (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
gotovu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
gotovu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
gotovu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
gotovoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
gotovama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
gotovoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
gotova (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
gotově (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
gotově (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
gotovoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
gotovama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
gotovoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
gotovu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
gotovu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
gotovu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
gotova (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
gotově (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
gotově (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
gotovi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
gotovy (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
gotova (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
gotovъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
gotovъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
gotovъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
gotovomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
gotovamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
gotovomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
gotovy (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
gotovy (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
gotova (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
gotovy (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
gotovami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
gotovy (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
gotověxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
gotovaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
gotověxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
gotovi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
gotovy (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
gotova (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
a (accent-paradigm)
gotovъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
gotovaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
gotovoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
gotovajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
gotovyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
gotovajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
gotovujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
gotověji (dative definite feminine singular)
gotovujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
gotovъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
gotovǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
gotovoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
gotovyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
gotovǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
gotovyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
gotovějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
gotověji (definite feminine locative singular)
gotovějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
gotovъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
gotovaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
gotovoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
gotovaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
gotověji (definite dual feminine nominative)
gotověji (definite dual neuter nominative)
gotovuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
gotovuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
gotovuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
gotovyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
gotovyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
gotovyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
gotovaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
gotověji (accusative definite dual feminine)
gotověji (accusative definite dual neuter)
gotovyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
gotovyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
gotovyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
gotovuju (definite dual locative masculine)
gotovuju (definite dual feminine locative)
gotovuju (definite dual locative neuter)
gotovaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
gotověji (definite dual feminine vocative)
gotověji (definite dual neuter vocative)
gotoviji (definite masculine nominative plural)
gotovyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
gotovaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
gotovъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
gotovъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
gotovъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
gotovyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
gotovyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
gotovyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
gotovyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
gotovyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
gotovaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
gotovyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
gotovyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
gotovyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
gotovyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
gotovyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
gotovyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
gotoviji (definite masculine plural vocative)
gotovyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
gotovaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *gotovъ (hard, accent paradigm a)

Definite declension of *gotovъ (hard, accent paradigm a)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: готовъ (gotovŭ)

Old Ruthenian: готовый (hotovyj)

Belarusian: гато́вы (hatóvy)

Carpathian Rusyn: гото́вый (hotóvŷj)

Ukrainian: гото́вий (hotóvyj)

Russian: гото́вый (gotóvyj)

Old Novgorodian: готовъ (gotovŭ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: готовъ (gotovŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰳⱁⱅⱁⰲⱏ (gotovŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: gòtov

Cyrillic script: го̀тов

Slovene: gotȍv (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hotový
Czech: hotový

desctree

Old Polish: gotowy
Polish: gotowy
Silesian: gotowy

Old Slovak: hotový

Slovak: hotový

Pannonian Rusyn: готови (hotovi)

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: gòtowi

Slovincian: gôtôwy

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: hotowy

Lower Sorbian: gótowy

Non-Slavic:

→? Albanian: gat, gati

→? Lithuanian: gãtavas

→? Latvian: gatavs

→⇒? Old Prussian: pogattawint

→? Romanian: gata

Of unclear origin.
It was suggested (e.g. Kroonen) that the word is borrowed from a reflect of unattested adjective Proto-Germanic *gatawaz, deverbal adjective from the root of *tawjaną (“to make, complete”), probably from Gothic, cf. 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gataujan, “to do, make, effect”). This view is usually rejected, Pronk-Tiethoff considers a loan possible, but admits that native origin cannot be excluded.
Native origin is prevailing, however, few propositions exist:
* back-formation from *gotoviti (“to prepare”), unlikely
* per Kiparsky, from *gotъ (> Upper Sorbian hot (“preparation”) and derivative Lower Sorbian gotnica (“factory”)) *-ovъ, with *gotъ being cognate of Albanian gat. However, Sorbian words are suspected of being back-formations.
* some relation with Ancient Greek νη-γάτεος (nē-gáteos, “new-made”), Sanskrit घटते (ghaṭate, “to strive”)
* from Proto-Indo-European *gʷātu-, supine of *gʷā- (“to go”), for meaning shift cf. Old High German fartig (“ready”) from fart (“ride, trip”). See also *gatь (“path (through swamp)”). That makes anlaut -o- problematic.
*gotovъ is often compared to Albanian gat, gati (“ready”), but currently these are usually believed to be early loans from Slavic. Some suggested that Lithuanian gãtavas, Latvian gatavs (“ready”) and Old Prussian pogattawint (“to prepare”) are cognates to Slavic which point to Proto-Balto-Slavic *gatawas, however, it is usually believed Baltic words are borrowed from Slavic (e.g. on the basis of the accent, Smoczyński considers the Lithuanian word to be a loan from Old Polish).


dalekъ

dalèkъ (canonical)
dalekъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
daleka (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
daleko (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
daleka (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
daleky (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
daleka (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
daleku (dative indefinite masculine singular)
dalekě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
daleku (dative indefinite neuter singular)
dalekъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
dalekǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
daleko (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
dalekomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
dalekojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
dalekomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
dalekě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
dalekě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
dalekě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
daleke (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
daleko (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
daleko (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
daleka (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
dalekě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
dalekě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
daleku (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
daleku (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
daleku (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
dalekoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
dalekama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
dalekoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
daleka (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
dalekě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
dalekě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
dalekoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
dalekama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
dalekoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
daleku (dual indefinite locative masculine)
daleku (dual feminine indefinite locative)
daleku (dual indefinite locative neuter)
daleka (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
dalekě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
dalekě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
daleki (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
daleky (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
daleka (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
dalekъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
dalekъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
dalekъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
dalekomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
dalekamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
dalekomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
daleky (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
daleky (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
daleka (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
daleky (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
dalekami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
daleky (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
dalekěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
dalekaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
dalekěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
daleki (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
daleky (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
daleka (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
dalekъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
dalekaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
dalekoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
dalekajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
dalekyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
dalekajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
dalekujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
dalekěji (dative definite feminine singular)
dalekujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
dalekъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
dalekǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
dalekoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
dalekyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
dalekǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
dalekyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
dalekějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
dalekěji (definite feminine locative singular)
dalekějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
dalekъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
dalekaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
dalekoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
dalekaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
dalekěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
dalekěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
dalekuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
dalekuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
dalekuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
dalekyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
dalekyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
dalekyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
dalekaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
dalekěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
dalekěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
dalekyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
dalekyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
dalekyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
dalekuju (definite dual locative masculine)
dalekuju (definite dual feminine locative)
dalekuju (definite dual locative neuter)
dalekaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
dalekěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
dalekěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
dalekiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
dalekyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
dalekaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
dalekъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
dalekъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
dalekъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
dalekyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
dalekyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
dalekyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
dalekyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
dalekyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
dalekaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
dalekyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
dalekyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
dalekyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
dalekyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
dalekyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
dalekyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
dalekiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
dalekyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
dalekaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *dalekъ (hard)

Definite declension of *dalekъ (hard)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: далёкі (daljóki)

Russian: далёкий (daljókij)

Ukrainian: дале́кий (dalékyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: далече (daleče)

⇒ Bulgarian: дале́чен (daléčen)

Macedonian: (literary) да́лек (dálek)

⇒ Macedonian: да́лечен (dálečen)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: да̀лек

Latin script: dàlek

Slovene: dálek (tonal orthography) (archaic)

West Slavic:

desctree

Old Czech: daleký, daľeký (alternative writing)
Czech: daleký

Old Polish: daleki
Polish: daleki
Silesian: daleki

Slovak: ďaleký

Polabian: dolĕk

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: daleczi

Slovincian: dalekjy

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: daloki

Lower Sorbian: daloki

From *dalь (“distance”) + *-okъ. Compare Latvian tāls (“far, distant”), but the initial d remains unexplained.)


napьrstъkъ

napьrstъkъ (nominative singular)
napьrstъka (dual nominative)
napьrstъci (nominative plural)
napьrstъka (genitive singular)
napьrstъku (dual genitive)
napьrstъkъ (genitive plural)
napьrstъku (dative singular)
napьrstъkoma (dative dual)
napьrstъkomъ (dative plural)
napьrstъkъ (accusative singular)
napьrstъka (accusative dual)
napьrstъky (accusative plural)
napьrstъkъmь (instrumental singular)
napьrstъkomь (instrumental singular)
napьrstъkoma (dual instrumental)
napьrstъky (instrumental plural)
napьrstъcě (locative singular)
napьrstъku (dual locative)
napьrstъcěxъ (locative plural)
napьrstъče (singular vocative)
napьrstъka (dual vocative)
napьrstъci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: напёрсток (napjórstok)

Carpathian Rusyn: наперсток (naperstok)

Ukrainian: напе́рсток (napérstok)

South Slavic:

⇒ Bulgarian: на́пръстник (náprǎstnik)

Macedonian: напрсток (naprstok)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: напрстак

Latin script: naprstak

desc/sl-tonal

⇒ Slovene: napȓstnik (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: náprstek

Czech: náprstek

Old Polish: naparstek

Polish: naparstek

→ Belarusian: напа́рстак (napárstak)

Silesian: nŏpasztek

Slovak: náprstok

From *na (“on”) + *pьrstъ (“finger”) + *-ъkъ.


pěsъkъ

pě̄sъ̀kъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
pě̄sъ̀kъ (nominative singular)
pě̄sъkà (dual nominative)
pě̄sъcì (nominative plural)
pě̄sъkà (genitive singular)
pě̄sъkù (dual genitive)
pě̄sъ̀kъ (genitive plural)
pě̄sъkù (dative singular)
pě̄sъkòma (dative dual)
pě̄sъkòmъ (dative plural)
pě̄sъ̀kъ (accusative singular)
pě̄sъkà (accusative dual)
pě̄sъkỳ (accusative plural)
pě̄sъkъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
pě̄sъkòmь (instrumental singular)
pě̄sъkòma (dual instrumental)
pě̄sъ̀ky (instrumental plural)
pě̄sъcě̀ (locative singular)
pě̄sъkù (dual locative)
pě̄sъ̀cěxъ (locative plural)
pěsъče (singular vocative)
pě̄sъkà (dual vocative)
pě̄sъcì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: пясо́к (pjasók)

Russian: песо́к (pesók)

Ukrainian: пісо́к (pisók)

Carpathian Rusyn: пісок (pisok)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: пѣсъкъ (pěsŭkŭ)

Bulgarian: пя́сък (pjásǎk)

Macedonian: песок (pesok)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пе́сак, пије́сак

Latin script: pésak, pijésak

Slovene: pẹ́sək (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: piesek

Czech: písek

Kashubian: piôsk

Polabian: ṕosăk

Polish: piasek

Silesian: piŏsek

Slovak: piesok

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pěsk

Upper Sorbian: pěsk

Possibly cognate with Proto-Indo-Iranian *pānsúš (“dust”). According to Vasmer, related to Armenian փոշի (pʻoši, “dust”).