stьblьje

stьblьje (nominative singular)
stьblьji (dual nominative)
stьblьja (nominative plural)
stьblьja (genitive singular)
stьblьju (dual genitive)
stьblьjь (genitive plural)
stьblьju (dative singular)
stьblьjema (dative dual)
stьblьjemъ (dative plural)
stьblьje (accusative singular)
stьblьji (accusative dual)
stьblьja (accusative plural)
stьblьjьmь (instrumental singular)
stьblьjemь (instrumental singular)
stьblьjema (dual instrumental)
stьblьji (instrumental plural)
stьblьji (locative singular)
stьblьju (dual locative)
stьblьjixъ (locative plural)
stьblьje (singular vocative)
stьblьji (dual vocative)
stьblьja (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: стьблиѥ (stĭblije), стеблиѥ (steblije), стеблие (steblie, “straw”)

Old Belarusian: стеблiе (steblie), стебелье (stebelʹje, “straw”)

Old Ukrainian:

>? Ukrainian: стебе́лля (stebéllja); стеби́ля (stebýlja) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: стьблиѥ (stĭblije, “straw”)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱅⱐⰱⰾⰺⰵ (stĭblie, “straw”)

From *stьblь m or *stьblò n (“stem, stalk, trunk”) + *-ьje.


ěpa

ě̀pa (canonical feminine)
ě̀pa (nominative singular)
ěpě (dual nominative)
ěpy (nominative plural)
ěpy (genitive singular)
ěpu (dual genitive)
ěpъ (genitive plural)
ěpě (dative singular)
ěpama (dative dual)
ěpamъ (dative plural)
ěpǫ (accusative singular)
ěpě (accusative dual)
ěpy (accusative plural)
ěpojǫ (instrumental singular)
ěpǫ (instrumental singular)
ěpama (dual instrumental)
ěpami (instrumental plural)
ěpě (locative singular)
ěpu (dual locative)
ěpasъ (locative plural)
ěpaxъ (locative plural)
ě̀po (singular vocative)
ěpě (dual vocative)
ěpy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Belarusian: я́па (jápa), уя́па (ujápa, “hernia in cattle; burl, tree growth”) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: я́па (jápa, “burl, tree growth; tumor in body”) (Eastern and Central Polissian dialect)

⇒ Ukrainian: я́пина (jápyna, “burl”) (dialectal)

⇒ Ukrainian: япинува́тий (japynuvátyj, “burl-covered (tree)”) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

⇒ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ја́пити (“be open (wound or door)”)

Latin script: jápiti (“be open (wound or door)”)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēpāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *oypeh₂.
Baltic cognates include Latvian iẽpa (“blister on the skin”).


misъka

mìsъka (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
mìsъka (nominative singular)
mìsъcě (dual nominative)
mìsъky (nominative plural)
mìsъky (genitive singular)
mìsъku (dual genitive)
mìsъkъ (genitive plural)
mìsъcě (dative singular)
mìsъkama (dative dual)
mìsъkamъ (dative plural)
mìsъkǫ (accusative singular)
mìsъcě (accusative dual)
mìsъky (accusative plural)
mìsъkojǫ (instrumental singular)
mìsъkǭ (instrumental singular)
mìsъkama (dual instrumental)
mìsъkamī (instrumental plural)
mìsъcě (locative singular)
mìsъku (dual locative)
mìsъkasъ (locative plural)
mìsъkaxъ (locative plural)
mìsъko (singular vocative)
mìsъcě (dual vocative)
mìsъky (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ми́ска (míska)

Old Ruthenian: ми́ска (míska)

Belarusian: мі́ска (míska); мы́ска (mýska), мэ́ска (méska) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: ми́ска (mýska)

Russian: ми́ска (míska); мь́скъ (mʹ́sk) (Old Believers dialect)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: miska

Czech: míska, miska

Polish: miska; mńiska (dialectal)

Pomeranian:

Slovincian: mjiska

Slovak: miska

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: miska (obsolete)

Originally a diminutive form of *mìsa (“bowl”) + *-ъka (“diminutive suffix”).


Semь

Semь (nominative singular)
Semь (accusative singular)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: Семь (Semĭ), Сѣмь (Sěmĭ)

Old Ruthenian: Семь (Semʹ), Семъ (Sem)

Belarusian: Сейм (Sjejm)

Ukrainian: Сейм (Sejm)

Russian: Семь (Semʹ), Сеимъ (Seim), Сеймъ (Sejm) (Pre-reform orthography (1918))

Russian: Сейм (Sejm); Семь (Semʹ), Сем (Sem) (Kursk subdialects)

Probably an Iranian origin, borrowed from Scythian, further from Proto-Iranian *cyaHmáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćyaHmás (“black”), originally meaning “black, dark river”.
Cognates include Avestan 𐬯𐬁𐬨𐬀 (sāma, “black”), Sanskrit श्याम (śyāmá, “black, dark-coloured, dark blue”).


strojь

stròjь (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
stròjь (nominative singular)
strojì (dual nominative)
stròjьjē (nominative plural)
stròji (genitive singular)
stròjьju (dual genitive)
strojь̀jь (genitive plural)
strojì (dative singular)
stròjьma (dative dual)
strojь̀mъ (dative plural)
stròjь (accusative singular)
strojì (accusative dual)
strojì (accusative plural)
strojь̀mь (instrumental singular)
stròjьma (dual instrumental)
stròjьmī (instrumental plural)
stròji (locative singular)
stròjьju (dual locative)
strojь̀xъ (locative plural)
stroji (singular vocative)
strojì (dual vocative)
stròjьjē (plural vocative)

Marko Snoj
be:Аляксандр Мікалаевіч Булыка

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: строи (stroi)

Old Ruthenian: строй (stroj)

Belarusian: строй (stroj)

Ukrainian: стрій (strij)

Middle Russian: строи (stroi)

Russian: строй (stroj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: строи (stroi)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱅⱃⱁⰹ (stroi)

Bulgarian: строй (stroj)

Macedonian: строј (stroj)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: стро̑ј

Latin script: strȏj

Slovene: strȍj (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: stroj

Czech: stroj

Old Polish: strój

Polish: strój

Slovak: stroj

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: stroj

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *strájas, from Proto-Indo-European *stroyos, from *sterh₃- (“to spread, stretch out”). Cognate with Latvian strãjа (“straw-lined stall”), Latin striа (“furrow, fold”), striātus (“folded”).


dovьlěti

dovьlěnьje (noun-from-verb)
dovьlěti (infinitive)
dovьlětъ (supine)
dovьlělъ (l-participle)
dovьlěnъ (participle passive past)
dovьľemъ (participle passive present)
dovьlěvъ (active participle past)
dovьľę (active participle present)
dovьlěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dovьlě (aorist second-person singular)
dovьlě (aorist singular third-person)
dovьľǫ (first-person present singular)
dovьľeši (present second-person singular)
dovьľetь (present singular third-person)
dovьlěxově (aorist dual first-person)
dovьlěsta (aorist dual second-person)
dovьlěste (aorist dual third-person)
dovьľevě (dual first-person present)
dovьľeta (dual present second-person)
dovьľete (dual present third-person)
dovьlěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dovьlěste (aorist plural second-person)
dovьlěšę (aorist plural third-person)
dovьľemъ (first-person plural present)
dovьľete (plural present second-person)
dovьľǫtь (plural present third-person)
dovьlěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dovьlěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dovьlěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dovьľi (imperative second-person singular)
dovьľi (imperative singular third-person)
dovьlěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dovьlěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dovьlěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dovьľivě (dual first-person imperative)
dovьľita (dual imperative second-person)
dovьlěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dovьlěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dovьlěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dovьľimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dovьľite (imperative plural second-person)
dovьlěnьje (noun-from-verb)
dovьlěti (infinitive)
dovьlětъ (supine)
dovьlělъ (l-participle)
dovьlěnъ (participle passive past)
dovьlějemъ (participle passive present)
dovьlěvъ (active participle past)
dovьlěję (active participle present)
dovьlěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dovьlě (aorist second-person singular)
dovьlě (aorist singular third-person)
dovьlějǫ (first-person present singular)
dovьlěješi (present second-person singular)
dovьlějetь (present singular third-person)
dovьlěxově (aorist dual first-person)
dovьlěsta (aorist dual second-person)
dovьlěste (aorist dual third-person)
dovьlějevě (dual first-person present)
dovьlějeta (dual present second-person)
dovьlějete (dual present third-person)
dovьlěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dovьlěste (aorist plural second-person)
dovьlěšę (aorist plural third-person)
dovьlějemъ (first-person plural present)
dovьlějete (plural present second-person)
dovьlějǫtь (plural present third-person)
dovьlěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dovьlěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dovьlěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dovьlěji (imperative second-person singular)
dovьlěji (imperative singular third-person)
dovьlěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dovьlěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dovьlěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dovьlějivě (dual first-person imperative)
dovьlějita (dual imperative second-person)
dovьlěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dovьlěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dovьlěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dovьlějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dovьlějite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: довълѣти (dovŭlěti), довлѣти (dovlěti), довьлꙗти (dovĭljati)

Russian: довле́ть (dovlétʹ) (obsolete, nonstandard)

Ukrainian: довлі́ти (dovlíty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: довьлѣти (dovĭlěti)

Bulgarian: довле́я (dovléja) (archaic)

Slovene: dovlẹ́ti (tonal orthography) (formal)

From *do- + Proto-Indo-European *welh₁- (“to wish”) + *-ěti. Underlying verb cognate with Proto-Germanic *wiljaną (“to will”).


snubiti

snubìti (canonical imperfective)
snubľenьje (noun-from-verb)
snubiti (infinitive)
snubitъ (supine)
snubilъ (l-participle)
snubľenъ (participle passive past)
snubimъ (participle passive present)
snubľь (active participle past)
snubę (active participle present)
snubixъ (aorist first-person singular)
snubi (aorist second-person singular)
snubi (aorist singular third-person)
snubľǫ (first-person present singular)
snubiši (present second-person singular)
snubitь (present singular third-person)
snubixově (aorist dual first-person)
snubista (aorist dual second-person)
snubiste (aorist dual third-person)
snubivě (dual first-person present)
snubita (dual present second-person)
snubite (dual present third-person)
snubixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
snubiste (aorist plural second-person)
snubišę (aorist plural third-person)
snubimъ (first-person plural present)
snubite (plural present second-person)
snubętь (plural present third-person)
snubľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
snubľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
snubľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
snubi (imperative second-person singular)
snubi (imperative singular third-person)
snubľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
snubľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
snubľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
snubivě (dual first-person imperative)
snubita (dual imperative second-person)
snubľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
snubľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
snubľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
snubimъ (first-person imperative plural)
snubite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: снубити (snubiti)

Russian: сну́бить (snúbitʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: сноубити (snubiti) (Russian recension)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сну́бити

Latin script: snúbiti

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: snúbiti, snóbiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: snúbiti

Czech: snoubit

Old Polish: snębić

Slovak: snúbiť

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)newbʰ- (“to wed, to match”), possibly related to *(s)neh₁- (“to fasten, to thread”). Cognate with Latin nūbō (“to get married”) and akin to Ancient Greek νῠ́μφη (númphē, “bride”).


lęčь

lę̑čь (canonical feminine)
lęčь (nominative singular)
lęči (dual nominative)
lęči (nominative plural)
lęči (genitive singular)
lęčьju (dual genitive)
lęčьjь (genitive plural)
lęči (dative singular)
lęčьma (dative dual)
lęčьmъ (dative plural)
lęčь (accusative singular)
lęči (accusative dual)
lęči (accusative plural)
lęčьjǫ (instrumental singular)
lęčьma (dual instrumental)
lęčьmi (instrumental plural)
lęči (locative singular)
lęčьju (dual locative)
lęčьxъ (locative plural)
lęči (singular vocative)
lęči (dual vocative)
lęči (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

desc

>? Bulgarian: ле́чие (léčie, “thread of life”) (poetic, dialectal; attested in Christmas carols)

⇒ Serbo-Croatian: (16 cent.)

Cyrillic script: ле́ча, ле́чка (“snare, loop”)

q

attested in the proverb <i class="Latn mention" lang="sh">da ne stave leču</i>

Latin script: leča (obsolete, attested in the proverb da ne stave leču)

⇒ Slovene: lę̑čka (“sling”) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: leč

Czech: léč

Polabian: ląč

Sorbian:

⇒ Upper Sorbian: lečica, lečizna, lečwo

Instrumental/resultant noun from *lękťi (“to bend and stretch”) + *-ь, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)lenkʷ- or *(s)lenk- (“to curve, to wind”). Cognate with dialectal Lithuanian leñkis (“lock, sluice”), Old Norse lengja (“strap”). Further akin to Latvian lìks (“crooked”), possibly Latin laqueus (“noose”).


bernъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *bernъ (hard)

Definite declension of *bernъ (hard)

bernъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
berna (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
berno (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
berna (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
berny (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
berna (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
bernu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
berně (dative feminine indefinite singular)
bernu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
bernъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
bernǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
berno (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
bernomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
bernojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
bernomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
berně (indefinite locative masculine singular)
berně (feminine indefinite locative singular)
berně (indefinite locative neuter singular)
berne (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
berno (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
berno (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
berna (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
berně (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
berně (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
bernu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
bernu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
bernu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
bernoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
bernama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
bernoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
berna (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
berně (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
berně (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
bernoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
bernama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
bernoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
bernu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
bernu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
bernu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
berna (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
berně (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
berně (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
berni (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
berny (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
berna (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
bernъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
bernъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
bernъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
bernomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
bernamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
bernomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
berny (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
berny (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
berna (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
berny (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
bernami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
berny (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
berněxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
bernaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
berněxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
berni (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
berny (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
berna (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
bernъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
bernaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
bernoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
bernajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
bernyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
bernajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
bernujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
berněji (dative definite feminine singular)
bernujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
bernъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
bernǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
bernoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
bernyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
bernǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
bernyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
bernějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
berněji (definite feminine locative singular)
bernějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
bernъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
bernaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
bernoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
bernaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
berněji (definite dual feminine nominative)
berněji (definite dual neuter nominative)
bernuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
bernuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
bernuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
bernyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
bernyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
bernyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
bernaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
berněji (accusative definite dual feminine)
berněji (accusative definite dual neuter)
bernyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
bernyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
bernyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
bernuju (definite dual locative masculine)
bernuju (definite dual feminine locative)
bernuju (definite dual locative neuter)
bernaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
berněji (definite dual feminine vocative)
berněji (definite dual neuter vocative)
berniji (definite masculine nominative plural)
bernyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
bernaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
bernъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
bernъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
bernъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
bernyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
bernyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
bernyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
bernyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
bernyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
bernaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
bernyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
bernyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
bernyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
bernyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
bernyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
bernyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
berniji (definite masculine plural vocative)
bernyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
bernaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: Брѣна (Brěna) (female personal name)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бре̏на (“pregnant”)

Latin script: brȅna (“pregnant”)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *bérˀnas, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰérh₁nos. Cognate with Lithuanian bérnas (“lad, boy”), Latvian bȩ̄̀rns (“child”) within Balto-Slavic and dialectal Ancient Greek φέρενᾱ (phérenā, “dowry”) (Aeolian) elsewhere. Further akin to Proto-Germanic *barną (“child”), Albanian barrë (“pregnancy”), Old Armenian բեռն (beṙn, “burden, duty”).
Martynov, Goląb consider *bernъ the primary word for “newborn, child” in Northern Balto-Slavic, while *dětъ (u-stem) - in the South (cf. Latin foetus (“pregnant”)).

cog

(by extension) pregnant, expecting a newborn (for woman)


xolъka

xòlъka (canonical feminine)
ženъka (nominative singular)
ženъcě (dual nominative)
ženъky (nominative plural)
ženъky (genitive singular)
ženъku (dual genitive)
ženъkъ (genitive plural)
ženъcě (dative singular)
ženъkama (dative dual)
ženъkamъ (dative plural)
ženъkǫ (accusative singular)
ženъcě (accusative dual)
ženъky (accusative plural)
ženъkojǫ (instrumental singular)
ženъkǫ (instrumental singular)
ženъkama (dual instrumental)
ženъkami (instrumental plural)
ženъcě (locative singular)
ženъku (dual locative)
ženъkasъ (locative plural)
ženъkaxъ (locative plural)
ženъko (singular vocative)
ženъcě (dual vocative)
ženъky (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: хо́лка (xólka) (dialectal)

Middle Russian: хо́лка (xólka) (17ᵗʰ cent.)

Russian: хо́лка (xólka)

Ukrainian: хо́лка (xólka)


balъka

balъka (nominative singular)
balъcě (dual nominative)
balъky (nominative plural)
balъky (genitive singular)
balъku (dual genitive)
balъkъ (genitive plural)
balъcě (dative singular)
balъkama (dative dual)
balъkamъ (dative plural)
balъkǫ (accusative singular)
balъcě (accusative dual)
balъky (accusative plural)
balъkojǫ (instrumental singular)
balъkǫ (instrumental singular)
balъkama (dual instrumental)
balъkami (instrumental plural)
balъcě (locative singular)
balъku (dual locative)
balъkasъ (locative plural)
balъkaxъ (locative plural)
balъko (singular vocative)
balъcě (dual vocative)
balъky (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Russian: ба́лка (bálka, “ravine, gorge”) (dialectal)

Old Ukrainian: ба́лка (bálka)

Ukrainian: ба́лка (bálka), ба́вка (bávka, “gully”); ба́лок m (bálok) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

q

Polish: bałka (“small lake”) (dialectal, possibly borrowed from East Slavic)


žariti

žàriti (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
žařenьje (noun-from-verb)
žariti (infinitive)
žaritъ (supine)
žarilъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
žařenъ (participle passive past)
žarimъ (participle passive present)
žařь (active participle past)
žarę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
žarixъ (aorist first-person singular)
žari (aorist second-person singular)
žari (aorist singular third-person)
žařǫ (first-person present singular)
žariši (present second-person singular)
žaritь (present singular third-person)
žarixově (aorist dual first-person)
žarista (aorist dual second-person)
žariste (aorist dual third-person)
žarivě (dual first-person present)
žarita (dual present second-person)
žarite (dual present third-person)
žarixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
žariste (aorist plural second-person)
žarišę (aorist plural third-person)
žarimъ (first-person plural present)
žarite (plural present second-person)
žarętь (plural present third-person)
žařaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
žařaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
žařaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
žari (imperative second-person singular)
žari (imperative singular third-person)
žařaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
žařaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
žařaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
žarivě (dual first-person imperative)
žarita (dual imperative second-person)
žařaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
žařaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
žařaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
žarimъ (first-person imperative plural)
žarite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old Ruthenian: жарити (žariti)

Belarusian: жа́рыць (žárycʹ)

desc

Ukrainian: жа́рити (žáryty), жарі́ти (žaríty)

Middle Russian: жарити (žariti)

Russian: жа́рить (žáritʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Church Slavonic: жарити (žariti, “in the cold”) (autoantonym)

Bulgarian: жа̀ря (žàrja)

Macedonian: жа́ри (žári)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жа́рити

Latin script: žáriti

Slovene: žaríti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: zářit

Polish: żarzyć

Slovak: žiarit


mijati

minǫti (perfective)
mijanьje (noun-from-verb)
mijati (infinitive)
mijatъ (supine)
mijalъ (l-participle)
mijanъ (participle passive past)
mijajemъ (participle passive present)
mijavъ (active participle past)
mijaję (active participle present)
mijaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
mija (aorist second-person singular)
mija (aorist singular third-person)
mijajǫ (first-person present singular)
mijaješi (present second-person singular)
mijajetь (present singular third-person)
mijaxově (aorist dual first-person)
mijasta (aorist dual second-person)
mijaste (aorist dual third-person)
mijajevě (dual first-person present)
mijajeta (dual present second-person)
mijajete (dual present third-person)
mijaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mijaste (aorist plural second-person)
mijašę (aorist plural third-person)
mijajemъ (first-person plural present)
mijajete (plural present second-person)
mijajǫtь (plural present third-person)
mijaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mijaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mijaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
mijaji (imperative second-person singular)
mijaji (imperative singular third-person)
mijaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mijaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mijaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mijajivě (dual first-person imperative)
mijajita (dual imperative second-person)
mijaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mijaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mijaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mijajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
mijajite (imperative plural second-person)
mijanьje (noun-from-verb)
mijati (infinitive)
mijatъ (supine)
mijalъ (l-participle)
mijanъ (participle passive past)
mijimъ (participle passive present)
mijavъ (active participle past)
miję (active participle present)
mijaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
mija (aorist second-person singular)
mija (aorist singular third-person)
mijǫ (first-person present singular)
mijiši (present second-person singular)
mijitь (present singular third-person)
mijaxově (aorist dual first-person)
mijasta (aorist dual second-person)
mijaste (aorist dual third-person)
mijivě (dual first-person present)
mijita (dual present second-person)
mijite (dual present third-person)
mijaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mijaste (aorist plural second-person)
mijašę (aorist plural third-person)
mijimъ (first-person plural present)
mijite (plural present second-person)
mijętь (plural present third-person)
mijaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mijaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mijaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
miji (imperative second-person singular)
miji (imperative singular third-person)
mijaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mijaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mijaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mijivě (dual first-person imperative)
mijita (dual imperative second-person)
mijaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mijaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mijaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mijimъ (first-person imperative plural)
mijite (imperative plural second-person)

From Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to change place”) + *-ati. Cognate with Latin meō (“to pass, to traverse”).

der

to pass, to go past (transitive); to elapse (intransitive)

(reflexive) (+ *sę) to pass by each other


družьba

družьba (nominative singular)
družьbě (dual nominative)
družьby (nominative plural)
družьby (genitive singular)
družьbu (dual genitive)
družьbъ (genitive plural)
družьbě (dative singular)
družьbama (dative dual)
družьbamъ (dative plural)
družьbǫ (accusative singular)
družьbě (accusative dual)
družьby (accusative plural)
družьbojǫ (instrumental singular)
družьbǫ (instrumental singular)
družьbama (dual instrumental)
družьbami (instrumental plural)
družьbě (locative singular)
družьbu (dual locative)
družьbasъ (locative plural)
družьbaxъ (locative plural)
družьbo (singular vocative)
družьbě (dual vocative)
družьby (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дроужьба (družĭba)

Belarusian: дружба (družba)

Russian: дружба (družba)

Ukrainian: дружба (družba)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: дроужьба (družĭba)

Bulgarian: дружба (družba)

Macedonian: дружба (družba)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: дружба

Latin: družba

Slovene: drȗžba (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: družba

Czech: družba

Moravian (Mistřice): družba

Polish: drużba

Slovak: družba

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dráugībāˀ, from
Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ-.
Morphologically from *drugъ +
*-ьba. Cognate with Latvian draudzība (“friendship”) (with g > dz via palatalization), Lithuanian draugybė (“friendship”).


znьjati

znьjanьje (noun-from-verb)
znьjati (infinitive)
znьjatъ (supine)
znьjalъ (l-participle)
znьjavъ (active participle past)
znьję (active participle present)
znьjaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
znьja (aorist second-person singular)
znьja (aorist singular third-person)
znьjǫ (first-person present singular)
znьješi (present second-person singular)
znьjetь (present singular third-person)
znьjaxově (aorist dual first-person)
znьjasta (aorist dual second-person)
znьjaste (aorist dual third-person)
znьjevě (dual first-person present)
znьjeta (dual present second-person)
znьjete (dual present third-person)
znьjaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
znьjaste (aorist plural second-person)
znьjašę (aorist plural third-person)
znьjemъ (first-person plural present)
znьjete (plural present second-person)
znьjǫtь (plural present third-person)
znьjaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
znьjaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
znьjaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
znьji (imperative second-person singular)
znьji (imperative singular third-person)
znьjaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
znьjaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
znьjaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
znьjivě (dual first-person imperative)
znьjita (dual imperative second-person)
znьjaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
znьjaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
znьjaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
znьjimъ (first-person imperative plural)
znьjite (imperative plural second-person)
znьjanьje (noun-from-verb)
znьjati (infinitive)
znьjatъ (supine)
znьjalъ (l-participle)
znьjavъ (active participle past)
znьjaję (active participle present)
znьjaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
znьja (aorist second-person singular)
znьja (aorist singular third-person)
znьjajǫ (first-person present singular)
znьjaješi (present second-person singular)
znьjajetь (present singular third-person)
znьjaxově (aorist dual first-person)
znьjasta (aorist dual second-person)
znьjaste (aorist dual third-person)
znьjajevě (dual first-person present)
znьjajeta (dual present second-person)
znьjajete (dual present third-person)
znьjaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
znьjaste (aorist plural second-person)
znьjašę (aorist plural third-person)
znьjajemъ (first-person plural present)
znьjajete (plural present second-person)
znьjajǫtь (plural present third-person)
znьjaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
znьjaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
znьjaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
znьjaji (imperative second-person singular)
znьjaji (imperative singular third-person)
znьjaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
znьjaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
znьjaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
znьjajivě (dual first-person imperative)
znьjajita (dual imperative second-person)
znьjaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
znьjaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
znьjaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
znьjajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
znьjajite (imperative plural second-person)

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰneyH- + *-ati.


smažiti

smàžiti (canonical)
smaženьje (noun-from-verb)
smažiti (infinitive)
smažitъ (supine)
smažilъ (l-participle)
smaženъ (participle passive past)
smažimъ (participle passive present)
smažь (active participle past)
smažę (active participle present)
smažixъ (aorist first-person singular)
smaži (aorist second-person singular)
smaži (aorist singular third-person)
smažǫ (first-person present singular)
smažiši (present second-person singular)
smažitь (present singular third-person)
smažixově (aorist dual first-person)
smažista (aorist dual second-person)
smažiste (aorist dual third-person)
smaživě (dual first-person present)
smažita (dual present second-person)
smažite (dual present third-person)
smažixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
smažiste (aorist plural second-person)
smažišę (aorist plural third-person)
smažimъ (first-person plural present)
smažite (plural present second-person)
smažętь (plural present third-person)
smažaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
smažaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
smažaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
smaži (imperative second-person singular)
smaži (imperative singular third-person)
smažaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
smažaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
smažaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
smaživě (dual first-person imperative)
smažita (dual imperative second-person)
smažaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
smažaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
smažaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
smažimъ (first-person imperative plural)
smažite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old Ruthenian: сма́жити (smážiti), сма́жить (smážitʹ)

Belarusian: сма́жыць (smážycʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: сма́жити (smážyty)

Ukrainian: сма́жити (smážyty)

Russian: сма́жить (smážitʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Slovene: cmažiti (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Czech: smažit, smažiti

Polish: smażyć

Slovak: smažiť

be:Аляксандр Мікалаевіч Булыка
uk:Мельничук Олександр Савич


kustъ

kustъ (nominative singular)
kusta (dual nominative)
kusti (nominative plural)
kusta (genitive singular)
kustu (dual genitive)
kustъ (genitive plural)
kustu (dative singular)
kustoma (dative dual)
kustomъ (dative plural)
kustъ (accusative singular)
kusta (accusative dual)
kusty (accusative plural)
kustъmь (instrumental singular)
kustomь (instrumental singular)
kustoma (dual instrumental)
kusty (instrumental plural)
kustě (locative singular)
kustu (dual locative)
kustěxъ (locative plural)
kuste (singular vocative)
kusta (dual vocative)
kusti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кꙋстъ (kustŭ)

Old Belarusian: кустъ (kust)

Belarusian: куст (kust)

Russian: куст (kust); кус (kus) (dialectal)

Old Ukrainian: коустъ (kust)

Ukrainian: куст (kust) (dialectal, obsolete)

Commonly compared with Lithuanian kúokštas (“bundle, tuft”), accepted with reservations by Trubačev.
The lack of descendants in other branches formally permits alternative reconstruction *kǫstъ, considered as an option in ESSJa. Compare Proto-Slavic *kǫťa (“shack, shed”) > Russian ку́ча (kúča, “hut”), ку́ща (kúšča, “thicket”) (the later via Church Slavonic).

be:Аляксандр Мікалаевіч Булыка
uk:Гринчишин Дмитро Григорович


posagъ

posagъ (nominative singular)
posaga (dual nominative)
posadzi (nominative plural)
posaga (genitive singular)
posagu (dual genitive)
posagъ (genitive plural)
posagu (dative singular)
posagoma (dative dual)
posagomъ (dative plural)
posagъ (accusative singular)
posaga (accusative dual)
posagy (accusative plural)
posagъmь (instrumental singular)
posagomь (instrumental singular)
posagoma (dual instrumental)
posagy (instrumental plural)
posadzě (locative singular)
posagu (dual locative)
posadzěxъ (locative plural)
posaže (singular vocative)
posaga (dual vocative)
posadzi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Middle Russian: посагъ (posag, “wedding”)

Russian: поса́г (poság) (standard)

Old East Slavic: *посагъ (*posagŭ, “dowry”)

Belarusian: паса́г m (pasáh), паса́га f (pasáha)

Russian: поса́г (poság) (dialectal, Tver region)

Ukrainian: по́са́г (pósáh), dial. по́сяг (pósjah)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: посагъ (posagŭ, “marriage”)

West Slavic:

Czech: posah (“dowry”)

Polish: posag (“dowry”)

Resultant noun of *posagati (“to wed”) + *-ъ (whence Old Church Slavonic посагати (posagati)).

posadъ

honorary place where newly-wed sit during wedding

wedding (in Russian), marriage (in Old Church Slavonic)


sǫprǫga

sǫprǫ̀ga (canonical feminine)
sǫprǫga (nominative singular)
sǫprǫdzě (dual nominative)
sǫprǫgy (nominative plural)
sǫprǫgy (genitive singular)
sǫprǫgu (dual genitive)
sǫprǫgъ (genitive plural)
sǫprǫdzě (dative singular)
sǫprǫgama (dative dual)
sǫprǫgamъ (dative plural)
sǫprǫgǫ (accusative singular)
sǫprǫdzě (accusative dual)
sǫprǫgy (accusative plural)
sǫprǫgojǫ (instrumental singular)
sǫprǫgǫ (instrumental singular)
sǫprǫgama (dual instrumental)
sǫprǫgami (instrumental plural)
sǫprǫdzě (locative singular)
sǫprǫgu (dual locative)
sǫprǫgasъ (locative plural)
sǫprǫgaxъ (locative plural)
sǫprǫgo (singular vocative)
sǫprǫdzě (dual vocative)
sǫprǫgy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сꙋпрꙋ́га (suprúga)

Russian: супру́га (suprúga)

Ukrainian: супру́га (suprúha)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: сѫпрѫга (sǫprǫga)

Bulgarian: съпру́га (sǎprúga)

Macedonian: сопруга (sopruga)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: су̏пруга

Latin script: sȕpruga

Slovene: soprọ̑ga (tonal orthography)

feminine of *sǫprǫ̀gъ: wife (female spouse)


milostь

milostь (nominative singular)
milosti (dual nominative)
milosti (nominative plural)
milosti (genitive singular)
milostьju (dual genitive)
milostьjь (genitive plural)
milosti (dative singular)
milostьma (dative dual)
milostьmъ (dative plural)
milostь (accusative singular)
milosti (accusative dual)
milosti (accusative plural)
milostьjǫ (instrumental singular)
milostьma (dual instrumental)
milostьmi (instrumental plural)
milosti (locative singular)
milostьju (dual locative)
milostьxъ (locative plural)
milosti (singular vocative)
milosti (dual vocative)
milosti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: милость (milostĭ)

Russian: ми́лость (mílostʹ)

Ukrainian: милість (mylistʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: милость (milostĭ)

Bulgarian: ми́лост (mílost)

Macedonian: милост (milost)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: ми̏ло̄ст

Latin: mȉlōst

West Slavic:

Old Czech: milost

Czech: milost

Old Polish: miłość

Polish: miłość

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *meilastis, from
Proto-Indo-European *meyHlostis. Morphologically from *milъ + *-ostь. Cognate with Lithuanian mielastis.


služьba

slùžьba (canonical feminine)
služьba (nominative singular)
služьbě (dual nominative)
služьby (nominative plural)
služьby (genitive singular)
služьbu (dual genitive)
služьbъ (genitive plural)
služьbě (dative singular)
služьbama (dative dual)
služьbamъ (dative plural)
služьbǫ (accusative singular)
služьbě (accusative dual)
služьby (accusative plural)
služьbojǫ (instrumental singular)
služьbǫ (instrumental singular)
služьbama (dual instrumental)
služьbami (instrumental plural)
služьbě (locative singular)
služьbu (dual locative)
služьbasъ (locative plural)
služьbaxъ (locative plural)
služьbo (singular vocative)
služьbě (dual vocative)
služьby (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: слоу́жьба (slúžĭba)

Old Belarusian: слу́жба (slúžba)

Belarusian: слу́жба (slúžba)

Russian: слу́жба (slúžba)

Carpathian Rusyn: слу́жба (slúžba)

Ukrainian: слу́жба (slúžba)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: слоужьба (služĭba)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⰾⱆⰶⱐⰱⰰ (služĭba)

Bulgarian: слу́жба (slúžba)

Macedonian: служба (služba)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: слу́жба

Latin script: slúžba

Slovene: slȗžba (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: służba

Old Czech: služba

Czech: služba

desctree

Old Polish: służba
Polish: służba
Silesian: sużba

Slovak: služba

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: słužba

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: zsolozsma

→ Romanian: slujbă

be:Аляксандр Мікалаевіч Булыка


prikrъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *prikrъ (hard)

Definite declension of *prikrъ (hard)

prikrъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
prikra (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
prikro (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
prikra (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
prikry (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
prikra (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
prikru (dative indefinite masculine singular)
prikrě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
prikru (dative indefinite neuter singular)
prikrъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
prikrǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
prikro (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
prikromь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
prikrojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
prikromь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
prikrě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
prikrě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
prikrě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
prikre (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
prikro (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
prikro (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
prikra (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
prikrě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
prikrě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
prikru (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
prikru (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
prikru (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
prikroma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
prikrama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
prikroma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
prikra (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
prikrě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
prikrě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
prikroma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
prikrama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
prikroma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
prikru (dual indefinite locative masculine)
prikru (dual feminine indefinite locative)
prikru (dual indefinite locative neuter)
prikra (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
prikrě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
prikrě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
prikri (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
prikry (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
prikra (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
prikrъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
prikrъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
prikrъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
prikromъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
prikramъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
prikromъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
prikry (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
prikry (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
prikra (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
prikry (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
prikrami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
prikry (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
prikrěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
prikraxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
prikrěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
prikri (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
prikry (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
prikra (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
prikrъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
prikraja (definite feminine nominative singular)
prikroje (definite neuter nominative singular)
prikrajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
prikryję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
prikrajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
prikrujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
prikrěji (dative definite feminine singular)
prikrujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
prikrъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
prikrǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
prikroje (accusative definite neuter singular)
prikryjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
prikrǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
prikryjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
prikrějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
prikrěji (definite feminine locative singular)
prikrějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
prikrъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
prikraja (definite feminine singular vocative)
prikroje (definite neuter singular vocative)
prikraja (definite dual masculine nominative)
prikrěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
prikrěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
prikruju (definite dual genitive masculine)
prikruju (definite dual feminine genitive)
prikruju (definite dual genitive neuter)
prikryjima (dative definite dual masculine)
prikryjima (dative definite dual feminine)
prikryjima (dative definite dual neuter)
prikraja (accusative definite dual masculine)
prikrěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
prikrěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
prikryjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
prikryjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
prikryjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
prikruju (definite dual locative masculine)
prikruju (definite dual feminine locative)
prikruju (definite dual locative neuter)
prikraja (definite dual masculine vocative)
prikrěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
prikrěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
prikriji (definite masculine nominative plural)
prikryję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
prikraja (definite neuter nominative plural)
prikrъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
prikrъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
prikrъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
prikryjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
prikryjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
prikryjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
prikryję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
prikryję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
prikraja (accusative definite neuter plural)
prikryjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
prikryjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
prikryjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
prikryjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
prikryjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
prikryjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
prikriji (definite masculine plural vocative)
prikryję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
prikraja (definite neuter plural vocative)

be:Аляксандр Мікалаевіч Булыка

East Slavic:

desc

Old Belarusian: прикрый (prikryj), прикрий (prikrij), прыкрый (prykryj)

Belarusian: пры́кры (prýkry); пры́крый (prýkryj), прі́крый (príkryj), прэ́кры (prékry), прэ́крый (prékryj) (dialectal)

Russian: при́крый (príkryj) (dialectal, obsolete)

Ukrainian: при́крий (prýkryj)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: příkrý

Czech: příkrý

Polish: przykry

Slovak: príkry

Most likely (per Pedersen, favoured by Vasmer) prefixed form of *pri- + *krъ, comparable with Ukrainian укри́й (ukrýj, “unpleasant”) (with *u- instead). Root ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to bend, to crook”).
Less probable derivation (per Machek, Holub & Kopečný) presumes reanalysis from an earlier *pikrъ < Proto-Indo-European *peyk- (“to cut, to fight; to paint”) + *-rъ (whence Ancient Greek πικρός (pikrós, “keen, sharp”), Lithuanian pìktas (“evil”); possibly further Proto-Slavic *pьkъlъ (“resin”)).


krǫpъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *krǫpъ (hard)

Definite declension of *krǫpъ (hard)

krǫpъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
krǫpa (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
krǫpo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
krǫpa (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
krǫpy (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
krǫpa (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
krǫpu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
krǫpě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
krǫpu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
krǫpъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
krǫpǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
krǫpo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
krǫpomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
krǫpojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
krǫpomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
krǫpě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
krǫpě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
krǫpě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
krǫpe (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
krǫpo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
krǫpo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
krǫpa (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
krǫpě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
krǫpě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
krǫpu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
krǫpu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
krǫpu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
krǫpoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
krǫpama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
krǫpoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
krǫpa (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
krǫpě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
krǫpě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
krǫpoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
krǫpama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
krǫpoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
krǫpu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
krǫpu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
krǫpu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
krǫpa (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
krǫpě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
krǫpě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
krǫpi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
krǫpy (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
krǫpa (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
krǫpъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
krǫpъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
krǫpъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
krǫpomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
krǫpamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
krǫpomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
krǫpy (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
krǫpy (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
krǫpa (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
krǫpy (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
krǫpami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
krǫpy (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
krǫpěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
krǫpaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
krǫpěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
krǫpi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
krǫpy (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
krǫpa (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
krǫpъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
krǫpaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
krǫpoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
krǫpajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
krǫpyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
krǫpajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
krǫpujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
krǫpěji (dative definite feminine singular)
krǫpujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
krǫpъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
krǫpǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
krǫpoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
krǫpyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
krǫpǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
krǫpyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
krǫpějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
krǫpěji (definite feminine locative singular)
krǫpějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
krǫpъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
krǫpaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
krǫpoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
krǫpaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
krǫpěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
krǫpěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
krǫpuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
krǫpuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
krǫpuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
krǫpyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
krǫpyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
krǫpyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
krǫpaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
krǫpěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
krǫpěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
krǫpyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
krǫpyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
krǫpyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
krǫpuju (definite dual locative masculine)
krǫpuju (definite dual feminine locative)
krǫpuju (definite dual locative neuter)
krǫpaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
krǫpěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
krǫpěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
krǫpiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
krǫpyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
krǫpaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
krǫpъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
krǫpъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
krǫpъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
krǫpyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
krǫpyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
krǫpyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
krǫpyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
krǫpyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
krǫpaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
krǫpyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
krǫpyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
krǫpyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
krǫpyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
krǫpyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
krǫpyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
krǫpiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
krǫpyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
krǫpaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: крꙋпꙑи (krupyi)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: крѫпъ (krǫpŭ)

desc

Bulgarian: круп (krup, “sturdy”), кръп (krǎp, “concise, compact”) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: krupý (“robust”)

Polish: krępy (“stocky, thickset”)

⇒ Polish: krąp (“silver bream”) (substantivized)

Slovincian: krãpy

Per Brückner and Sławski (accepted by Trubačev /ESSJa/), a doublet of *krupъ. Derksen distinguishes the two lemmas, but accepts that they have intermingled at later time.
Further origin probably from the root of Proto-Balto-Slavic *krúptei (“to contract, to crumple?”), whence Lithuanian krùpti (“to get scabby”), Latvian krupt (“to frawn”), with inchoatic nasal infix. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *krewp-, an extension of *(s)ker- (“to bend, to crook”). Akin to Proto-Germanic *hreubaz (“rough, scabby”).

cog

concise, compact (of distribution, span)


bimъ

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: бимъ (bimŭ), бимь (bimĭ)

first-person plural conditional of *byti


bǫ

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: бѫ (bǫ)

third-person plural conditional of *byti


bimь

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: бимь (bimĭ), бимъ (bimŭ)

Old Slovene: bim

Morphologically can be derived from -ě/i- optative-imperative. *-mь (1sg.opt.) is attested in:
* Perfective verbs (-C-, -V/C-): Old Church Slavonic ⱁⱅⱏⱂⰰⰴⱑⰿⱏ (otŭpaděmŭ), Church Slavonic приимѣмъ/приимѣмь (priiměmŭ/priiměmĭ), бѫдѣмъ/бѫдѣмь (bǫděmŭ/bǫděmĭ) and possibly Old Serbo-Croatian [script needed] (budijem), [script needed] (umrim/umrjm/umrim')
* Imperfective verbs (-C-, -ě/i-?): Old Serbo-Croatian [script needed] (mozimь/mozěm) (IvanMisc.) and possibly hotiem/hodiem
* Therefore some OCS plural forms are reshaped after synonymous by-forms:
** ⰱⰻⱈⱁⰿⱏ (bixomŭ, 1pl) < ⰱⰻⰿⱏ (bimŭ) + бꙑхомъ (byxomŭ)
** ⰱⰻⱄⱅⰵ (biste, 2pl) < *ⰱⰻⱅⰵ (*bite) + бꙑсте (byste)
** бишѧ (3pl) < ⰱⱘ (bǫ, 3pl) : би (bi, 1sg) + бꙑшѧ (3pl) : бꙑ (by, 1sg)
Compare Latvian biju (“I was”), Latin fīō (“I become”), Old Irish bíu (“I am”)

nc

first-person singular conditional of *byti


pľugavъ

pľugàvъ (canonical)
pľugàvъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
pľugàva (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
pľugàvo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
pľugàva (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
pľugàvy (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
pľugàva (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
pľugàvu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
pľugàvě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
pľugàvu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
pľugàvъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
pľugàvǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
pľugàvo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
pľugàvomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
pľugàvojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
pľugàvomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
pľugàvě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
pľugàvě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
pľugàvě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
pľugàve (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
pľugàvo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
pľugàvo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
pľugàva (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
pľugàvě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
pľugàvě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
pľugàvu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
pľugàvu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
pľugàvu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
pľugàvoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
pľugàvama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
pľugàvoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
pľugàva (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
pľugàvě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
pľugàvě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
pľugàvoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
pľugàvama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
pľugàvoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
pľugàvu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
pľugàvu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
pľugàvu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
pľugàva (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
pľugàvě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
pľugàvě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
pľugàvi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
pľugàvy (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
pľugàva (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
pľugàvъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
pľugàvъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
pľugàvъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
pľugàvomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
pľugàvamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
pľugàvomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
pľugàvy (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
pľugàvy (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
pľugàva (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
pľugàvy (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
pľugàvami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
pľugàvy (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
pľugàvěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
pľugàvaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
pľugàvěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
pľugàvi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
pľugàvy (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
pľugàva (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
pľugàvъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
pľugàvaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
pľugàvoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
pľugàvajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
pľugàvyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
pľugàvajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
pľugàvujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
pľugàvěji (dative definite feminine singular)
pľugàvujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
pľugàvъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
pľugàvǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
pľugàvoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
pľugàvyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
pľugàvǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
pľugàvyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
pľugàvějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
pľugàvěji (definite feminine locative singular)
pľugàvějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
pľugàvъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
pľugàvaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
pľugàvoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
pľugàvaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
pľugàvěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
pľugàvěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
pľugàvuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
pľugàvuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
pľugàvuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
pľugàvyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
pľugàvyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
pľugàvyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
pľugàvaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
pľugàvěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
pľugàvěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
pľugàvyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
pľugàvyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
pľugàvyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
pľugàvuju (definite dual locative masculine)
pľugàvuju (definite dual feminine locative)
pľugàvuju (definite dual locative neuter)
pľugàvaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
pľugàvěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
pľugàvěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
pľugàviji (definite masculine nominative plural)
pľugàvyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
pľugàvaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
pľugàvъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
pľugàvъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
pľugàvъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
pľugàvyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
pľugàvyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
pľugàvyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
pľugàvyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
pľugàvyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
pľugàvaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
pľugàvyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
pľugàvyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
pľugàvyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
pľugàvyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
pľugàvyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
pľugàvyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
pľugàviji (definite masculine plural vocative)
pľugàvyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
pľugàvaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *pľugavъ (hard)

Definite declension of *pľugavъ (hard)

East Slavic:

Old Ruthenian: плюга́вый (pljugávyj)

Belarusian: плюга́вы (pljuhávy)

Ukrainian: плюга́вий (pljuhávyj)

Russian: плюга́вый (pljugávyj)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: plíhavý

Czech: plihavý, plouhavý

Polish: plugawy

Slovak: pľuhavý

Consensus leans towards expressive origin. Per Brückner, probably related to Proto-Slavic *pľuti, *pľьvati (“to spew”).
Polish and Czech descendants appear to have been influenced by Proto-Slavic *plužiti (“to drag along the ground”) (Czech ploužiti, Old Polish płużyć), typically viewed as unrelated.

noncog

be:Аляксандр Мікалаевіч Булыка


tępati

tępanьje (noun-from-verb)
tępati (infinitive)
tępatъ (supine)
tępalъ (l-participle)
tępanъ (participle passive past)
tępajemъ (participle passive present)
tępavъ (active participle past)
tępaję (active participle present)
tępaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
tępa (aorist second-person singular)
tępa (aorist singular third-person)
tępajǫ (first-person present singular)
tępaješi (present second-person singular)
tępajetь (present singular third-person)
tępaxově (aorist dual first-person)
tępasta (aorist dual second-person)
tępaste (aorist dual third-person)
tępajevě (dual first-person present)
tępajeta (dual present second-person)
tępajete (dual present third-person)
tępaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tępaste (aorist plural second-person)
tępašę (aorist plural third-person)
tępajemъ (first-person plural present)
tępajete (plural present second-person)
tępajǫtь (plural present third-person)
tępaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tępaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tępaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
tępaji (imperative second-person singular)
tępaji (imperative singular third-person)
tępaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tępaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tępaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tępajivě (dual first-person imperative)
tępajita (dual imperative second-person)
tępaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tępaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tępaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tępajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
tępajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ця́паць (cjápacʹ)

desc

Russian: тя́пать (tjápatʹ), тя́паться (tjápatʹsja)

⇒ Russian: тя́пка (tjápka, “hoe”)

Ukrainian: тя́пати (tjápaty)

South Slavic:

>? Bulgarian: те́пам (tépam), те́пкам (tépkam, “to stutter”) (dialectal)

q

>? Serbo-Croatian: (in the sense “to talk abstrusely, to babble”)

Cyrillic script: те̏пати

Latin script: tȅpati

West Slavic:

Czech: ťapit (dialectal)

Polish: ciapać (via East Slavic or from Czech-Slovak)

Slovak: ťapkať

Most likely onomatopoeic (Preobražensky). Perhaps from p-extension of Proto-Indo-European *(s)ten- (“to stun, to thunder”) or via nasal infix from the root of *tepti.
In either case, should be distinguished from Proto-Balto-Slavic *témptei (“to pull, to stretch”) (whence Latvian stiept, Lithuanian tem̃pti, Proto-Slavic *tętiva (“tendon”)). The later, however, could be the origin of Russian тям (tjam, “grasp, intelligence”), Ukrainian тя́ма (tjáma, “id.”) (via suffixes *-mъ, *-ma), which have been speculated to bear relation with the onomatopoeic root.

cog

to smack, to clang, to ding (to make resonant noise)


kuznьcь

kuznь̀cь (canonical masculine)
kuznь̀cь (nominative singular)
kuznьca (dual nominative)
kuznьci (nominative plural)
kuznьca (genitive singular)
kuznьcu (dual genitive)
kuznьcь (genitive plural)
kuznьcu (dative singular)
kuznьcema (dative dual)
kuznьcemъ (dative plural)
kuznь̀cь (accusative singular)
kuznьca (accusative dual)
kuznьcę̇ (accusative plural)
kuznьcьmь (instrumental singular)
kuznьcemь (instrumental singular)
kuznьcema (dual instrumental)
kuznьci (instrumental plural)
kuznьci (locative singular)
kuznьcu (dual locative)
kuznьcixъ (locative plural)
kuznьče (singular vocative)
kuznьca (dual vocative)
kuznьci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кузньць (kuznĭcĭ)

desc

Old Ruthenian: кузне́ць (kuznécʹ), кюзне́ць (kjuznécʹ), кузне́цъ (kuznécʹ)

Ukrainian: кузне́ць (kuznécʹ) (dialectal)

Russian: кузне́ц (kuznéc)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: коузньць (kuznĭcĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰽⱆⰸⱀⱐⱌⱐ (kuznĭcĭ)

Old Serbo-Croatian: kuznac, kuznec

West Slavic:

Czech: kuzněc (dialectal)


stъpica

stъpìca (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
stъpìca (nominative singular)
stъpìci (dual nominative)
stъpìcę̇ (nominative plural)
stъpìcę̇ (genitive singular)
stъpìcu (dual genitive)
stъpìcь (genitive plural)
stъpìcī (dative singular)
stъpìcama (dative dual)
stъpìcāmъ (dative plural)
stъpìcǫ (accusative singular)
stъpìci (accusative dual)
stъpìcę̇ (accusative plural)
stъpìcējǫ (instrumental singular)
stъpìcǭ (instrumental singular)
stъpìcama (dual instrumental)
stъpìcāmī (instrumental plural)
stъpìcī (locative singular)
stъpìcu (dual locative)
stъpìcāsъ (locative plural)
stъpìce (singular vocative)
stъpìci (dual vocative)
stъpìcę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: стъпица (stŭpica), спица (spica) (XII cent.)

Belarusian: спі́ца (spíca)

Russian: спи́ца (spíca), шпи́ца (špíca)

Ukrainian: спи́ця (spýcja)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: спи́ца (spíca)

Macedonian: спица (spica)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: спи̏ца, жби̏ца

Cyrillic script: спи̏ца, žbȉca

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: špíca, žbíca (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: stpicě

Czech: špice

Old Polish: stpica

Polish: szpica

Slovak: sрiса

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: stpica, stwica

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: shpicë

→ Romanian: spiță

Per Iljinsky, Uhlenbeck (favoured by Vasmer, Snoj): related to Latvian stups (“broom”), Lithuanian stū̃pas (“stem, stick”) (< stùplas (“rigid, stiff”)), presumably from Proto-Balto-Slavic *stúpas + *-ica. Vasmer further correlates dialectal Russian сто́пка (stópka, “wooden pin”) (< *stъpъka). If correct, probably cognate with Ancient Greek στύπος (stúpos, “stem”), Old Norse stúfr (“stump”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp- (“to prick, to stamp”).
Some of the descendants have been influenced/merged with closely sounding Germanic borrowings (cf. German Spitze (“tip, skewer”), Speiche (“spoke”); Old Norse spíkr (“spike”)).


orbę

orbę̀ (canonical neuter)
b (accent-paradigm)
orbę̀ (nominative singular)
orbę̀ti (dual nominative)
orbę̀tā (nominative plural)
orbę̀te (genitive singular)
orbę̀tu (dual genitive)
orbę̀tъ (genitive plural)
orbę̀ti (dative singular)
orbę̀tьma (dative dual)
orbę̀tьmъ (dative plural)
orbę̀ (accusative singular)
orbę̀ti (accusative dual)
orbę̀tā (accusative plural)
orbę̀tьmь (instrumental singular)
orbę̀tьma (dual instrumental)
orbę̀tȳ (instrumental plural)
orbę̀te (locative singular)
orbę̀tu (dual locative)
orbę̀tьxъ (locative plural)
orbę̀ (singular vocative)
orbę̀ti (dual vocative)
orbę̀tā (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: робѧ

Old Ruthenian: робѧ́ (robjá)

desc

⇒ Old Ruthenian: робѧ́та (robjáta), рабѧ́та (rabjáta)

Belarusian: рабя́ты (rabjáty)

Ukrainian: ребеня́ (rebenjá), ребени́чка (rebenýčka)

Middle Russian: робѧ́ (robjá)

Russian: ребя́ (rebjá), ро́бя́ (róbjá) (dialectal)

⇒ Middle Russian: робѧ́та (robjáta), ребѧ́та (rebjáta)

Russian: ребя́та (rebjáta); ребя́ты (rebjáty), рёбя́та (rjobjáta), робя́та (robjáta) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: robě

Czech: robě

⇒ Czech: robata

Old Polish: robię

Slovak: robä

From *õrbъ (“servant, slave”) + *-ę.
 PIE word
 *h₃órbʰos


Jaroslavъ

Jaroslàvъ (canonical masculine)
Jaroslàva (feminine)
Jaroslavъ (nominative singular)
Jaroslava (dual nominative)
Jaroslavi (nominative plural)
Jaroslava (genitive singular)
Jaroslavu (dual genitive)
Jaroslavъ (genitive plural)
Jaroslavu (dative singular)
Jaroslavomъ (dative plural)
Jaroslavъ (accusative singular)
Jaroslava (accusative dual)
Jaroslavy (accusative plural)
Jaroslavy (instrumental plural)
Jaroslavě (locative singular)
Jaroslavu (dual locative)
Jaroslavěxъ (locative plural)
Jaroslave (singular vocative)
Jaroslava (dual vocative)
Jaroslavi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: Ꙗросла́въ (Jaroslávŭ)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: Ꙗросла́въ (Jarosláv) (15th cent.)
Belarusian: Ярасла́ў (Jarasláŭ)
Carpathian Rusyn: Яросла́в (Jarosláv)
Ukrainian: Яросла́в (Jarosláv)
⇒ Ukrainian: Я́рош (Jároš)

Russian: Яросла́в (Jarosláv)

desc

⇒ Old East Slavic: Ꙗросла́вль (Jaroslávlĭ) (toponym)

Russian: Яросла́вль (Jaroslávlʹ)

→ Old Novgorodian: Ꙗрославль (Jaroslavlĭ) (13th cent.)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: Ꙗрославъ (Jaroslavŭ)

Bulgarian: Яросла́в (Jarosláv) (obsolete)

Old Serbo-Croatian: Jaroslav (14th cent.)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: Ја̏рослав

Latin script: Jȁroslav

Slovene: Jaroslav

→ Alpine Slavs: Jerazlaw (12th cent.)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: Jaroslav

Czech: Jaroslav

Old Polish: Jarosław, Jerosław

Polish: Jarosław

Slovak: Jaroslav

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: Jarosław

From *jȃrъ (“furious”) + *-o- + *slàva (“glory, fame”).


Žiroslavъ

Žiroslàvъ (canonical masculine)
Žiroslavъ (nominative singular)
Žiroslava (dual nominative)
Žiroslavi (nominative plural)
Žiroslava (genitive singular)
Žiroslavu (dual genitive)
Žiroslavъ (genitive plural)
Žiroslavu (dative singular)
Žiroslavoma (dative dual)
Žiroslavomъ (dative plural)
Žiroslavъ (accusative singular)
Žiroslava (accusative dual)
Žiroslavy (accusative plural)
Žiroslavъmь (instrumental singular)
Žiroslavomь (instrumental singular)
Žiroslavoma (dual instrumental)
Žiroslavy (instrumental plural)
Žiroslavě (locative singular)
Žiroslavu (dual locative)
Žiroslavěxъ (locative plural)
Žiroslave (singular vocative)
Žiroslava (dual vocative)
Žiroslavi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: Жирославъ (Žiroslavŭ)

Old Novgorodian: Жирославе (Žiroslave)

West Slavic:

Old Polish: Żyrosław

From *žirъ (“grease”) + *-o- + *slàva (“glory, fame”) + *-ъ.


strǫga

strǫga (nominative singular)
strǫdzě (dual nominative)
strǫgy (nominative plural)
strǫgy (genitive singular)
strǫgu (dual genitive)
strǫgъ (genitive plural)
strǫdzě (dative singular)
strǫgama (dative dual)
strǫgamъ (dative plural)
strǫgǫ (accusative singular)
strǫdzě (accusative dual)
strǫgy (accusative plural)
strǫgojǫ (instrumental singular)
strǫgǫ (instrumental singular)
strǫgama (dual instrumental)
strǫgami (instrumental plural)
strǫdzě (locative singular)
strǫgu (dual locative)
strǫgasъ (locative plural)
strǫgaxъ (locative plural)
strǫgo (singular vocative)
strǫdzě (dual vocative)
strǫgy (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: стръ́га (strǎ́ga), стръ́нга (strǎ́nga) , стро́га (stróga), стру́га (strúga) (all dialectal)

Macedonian: страга (straga) (dialectal)

q

Serbo-Croatian: стру̏га (“section of sheepfold where sheep are milked”) (regional, in Montenegro, Kosovo, Bačka)

West Slavic:

>? Czech: strunga (dialectal, possibly from Romanian)

Polish: strąga

>? Slovak: strunga (dialectal, possibly from Romanian)

Possibly borrowed from a paleo-Balkan substrate (per Miklošič, perhaps via Romanian), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *strengʰ- (“taut, stiff, tight”). From the same source are hypothesized to descend also Romanian strungă (“runway, strait”) (whence Ukrainian стру́нґа (strúnga), стру́нка (strúnka), Hungarian esztrenga), Albanian shtrungë (“runway within sty”). Further cognate with Latvian strùoga (“forest path”).


kobь

kobь (nominative singular)
kobi (dual nominative)
kobi (nominative plural)
kobi (genitive singular)
kobьju (dual genitive)
kobьjь (genitive plural)
kobi (dative singular)
kobьma (dative dual)
kobьmъ (dative plural)
kobь (accusative singular)
kobi (accusative dual)
kobi (accusative plural)
kobьjǫ (instrumental singular)
kobьma (dual instrumental)
kobьmi (instrumental plural)
kobi (locative singular)
kobьju (dual locative)
kobьxъ (locative plural)
kobi (singular vocative)
kobi (dual vocative)
kobi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кобь (kobĭ)

Russian: кобь (kobʹ) (obsolete)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: кобь (kobĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰽⱁⰱⱐ (kobĭ)

Bulgarian: ко́ба (kóba) (poetic)

Macedonian: коба (koba)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ко̑б

Latin script: kȏb

West Slavic:

Old Czech: koba

Polabian: ťübə (“ghost, evil creature”)

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: kobë (“bad time, trouble”)

→ Romanian: cobie (“misfortune”)

Uncertain:
* Traditionally compared with Old Norse happ (“hap, chance, good luck”), Old Irish cob (“victory”) (per Pedersen, Berneker, favoured by Vasmer), presumably from Proto-Indo-European *kob- (“good fortune, prophecy”). Phonetically problematic, as such a reconstruction is expected to yield Slavic **kabь (by Winter's law).
* Some Balto-Slavists (Jagić, Trubačev, Toporov) alternatively relate it to Lithuanian kabė́ti (“to hang”), kabė̃ (“staples”), according to some interpretations (e.g. Meillet) from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kеbʰ- (“to hook, to cling”). If correct, then possibly akin to Proto-Slavic *skoba (“shackle”), Russian ко́бень (kóbenʹ, “hook”).
* Per Sławski (accepted by BER), of expressive origin related to Proto-Slavic *kobьcь (“bird of prey”), perhaps from *kabʰ- (“to snatch, to seize”).


valъ

vȃlъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
vȃlъ (nominative singular)
vȃla (dual nominative)
vȃli (nominative plural)
vȃla (genitive singular)
valù (dual genitive)
vãlъ (genitive plural)
vȃlu (dative singular)
valomà (dative dual)
valòmъ (dative plural)
vȃlъ (accusative singular)
vȃla (accusative dual)
vȃly (accusative plural)
vȃlъmь (instrumental singular)
vȃlomь (instrumental singular)
valomà (dual instrumental)
valý (instrumental plural)
vȃlě (locative singular)
valù (dual locative)
valě̃xъ (locative plural)
vale (singular vocative)
vȃla (dual vocative)
vȃli (plural vocative)
c (accent-paradigm)
vȃlъ (nominative singular)
vȃly (dual nominative)
vȃlove (nominative plural)
vȃlu (genitive singular)
valovù (dual genitive)
valòvъ (genitive plural)
vȃlovi (dative singular)
valъmà (dative dual)
vȃlъmъ (dative plural)
vȃlъ (accusative singular)
vȃly (accusative dual)
vȃly (accusative plural)
vȃlъmь (instrumental singular)
valъmà (dual instrumental)
valъmì (instrumental plural)
valú (locative singular)
valovù (dual locative)
vȃlъxъ (locative plural)
valu (singular vocative)
vȃly (dual vocative)
vȃlove (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: валъ (valŭ)

Russian: вал (val)

Ukrainian: вал (val)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: валъ (valŭ)

Bulgarian: вал (val)

Macedonian: вал (val)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ва̑л

Latin script: vȃl

Slovene: vȃł (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: val

Old Polish: wał

Polish: wał

Slovak: val

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: val (“wave”)

Probably convergence of two or more cognate terms, at least some of which reflect Proto-Balto-Slavic *wōlás (o-stem) ~ *wōlús (u-stem), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to revolve”). Cognate with Lithuanian võlas (“clump, rolling, large wave”), dial. Latvian vā̀ls, vâls (“descend”).
Some descendants have added/innovated (possibly in post proto-Slavic period) the meaning “barrage, wall” under the influence of akin Latin vallum, Proto-Germanic *wallą.

cog

valežь

*valiti (“to fall, to tumble”), *vaľati (“to roll, to scend”)

(possibly deverbalial from *vaľati) roller, cylinder (tool/shape)


dьraka

dьraka (nominative singular)
dьracě (dual nominative)
dьraky (nominative plural)
dьraky (genitive singular)
dьraku (dual genitive)
dьrakъ (genitive plural)
dьracě (dative singular)
dьrakama (dative dual)
dьrakamъ (dative plural)
dьrakǫ (accusative singular)
dьracě (accusative dual)
dьraky (accusative plural)
dьrakojǫ (instrumental singular)
dьrakǫ (instrumental singular)
dьrakama (dual instrumental)
dьrakami (instrumental plural)
dьracě (locative singular)
dьraku (dual locative)
dьrakasъ (locative plural)
dьrakaxъ (locative plural)
dьrako (singular vocative)
dьracě (dual vocative)
dьraky (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: Драка (Draka) (personal name)

Russian: дра́ка (dráka)

Ukrainian: дра́ка (dráka)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: дра́ка (dráka, “thornbush”)

Macedonian: драка (draka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дра̏ка

Latin script: drȁka

Slovene: drȃka, derák m

West Slavic:

Polish: draka

Resultant or instrumental noun from *dьrati (“to flay”) + *-ka.


o(b)aditi

oaditi (canonical perfective)
o(b)aďati (imperfective)
oaďenьje (noun-from-verb)
obaďenьje (noun-from-verb)
oaditi (infinitive)
obaditi (infinitive)
oaditъ (supine)
obaditъ (supine)
oadilъ (l-participle)
obadilъ (l-participle)
oaďenъ (participle passive past)
obaďenъ (participle passive past)
oaďь (active participle past)
obaďь (active participle past)
oadixъ (aorist first-person singular)
obadixъ (aorist first-person singular)
oadi (aorist second-person singular)
obadi (aorist second-person singular)
oadi (aorist singular third-person)
obadi (aorist singular third-person)
oaďǫ (first-person present singular)
obaďǫ (first-person present singular)
oadiši (present second-person singular)
obadiši (present second-person singular)
oaditь (present singular third-person)
obaditь (present singular third-person)
oadixově (aorist dual first-person)
obadixově (aorist dual first-person)
oadista (aorist dual second-person)
obadista (aorist dual second-person)
oadiste (aorist dual third-person)
obadiste (aorist dual third-person)
oadivě (dual first-person present)
obadivě (dual first-person present)
oadita (dual present second-person)
obadita (dual present second-person)
oadite (dual present third-person)
obadite (dual present third-person)
oadixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
obadixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
oadiste (aorist plural second-person)
obadiste (aorist plural second-person)
oadišę (aorist plural third-person)
obadišę (aorist plural third-person)
oadimъ (first-person plural present)
obadimъ (first-person plural present)
oadite (plural present second-person)
obadite (plural present second-person)
oadętь (plural present third-person)
obadętь (plural present third-person)
oadi (imperative second-person singular)
obadi (imperative second-person singular)
oadi (imperative singular third-person)
obadi (imperative singular third-person)
oadivě (dual first-person imperative)
obadivě (dual first-person imperative)
oadita (dual imperative second-person)
obadita (dual imperative second-person)
oadimъ (first-person imperative plural)
obadimъ (first-person imperative plural)
oadite (imperative plural second-person)
obadite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: обадити (obaditi), обажити (obažiti)

Russian: овадитися (ovaditisja, “to be called names”) (archaic)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: обадити (obaditi)

Bulgarian: оба́дя pf (obádja), оба́ждам impf (obáždam)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̀бадити

Latin script: òbaditi; ovaditi (dialectal, in Slavonia)

Slovene: ováditi pf, ovājati impf

West Slavic:

Old Polish: obwadzić

*o(b) + *vaditi (“to accuse, to slander”)

affix

(ditransitive) to report (something to someone)


privětъ

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: привѣ́тъ (privě́tŭ)

Old Ruthenian: привѣ́тъ (privě́t)

Belarusian: прыве́т (pryvjét)

Ukrainian: приві́т (pryvít)

desctree

Russian: приве́т (privét)
→ Armenian: պրիվետ (privet)
→ English: privet
→ Georgian: პრივეტ (ṗriveṭ) (slang)
→ Yakut: пирибиэт (piribiet)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: привѣтъ (privětŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⱃⰺⰲⱑⱅⱏ (privětŭ)

Bulgarian: приве́т (privét)

West Slavic:

Czech: přívět (obsolete)

Slovak: prívet (obsolete)

From *privětiti + *-ъ, from *pri + *větъ + *-iti.


komъ

komъ (nominative singular)
koma (dual nominative)
komi (nominative plural)
koma (genitive singular)
komu (dual genitive)
komъ (genitive plural)
komu (dative singular)
komoma (dative dual)
komomъ (dative plural)
komъ (accusative singular)
koma (accusative dual)
komy (accusative plural)
komъmь (instrumental singular)
komomь (instrumental singular)
komoma (dual instrumental)
komy (instrumental plural)
komě (locative singular)
komu (dual locative)
koměxъ (locative plural)
kome (singular vocative)
koma (dual vocative)
komi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ком (kom)

Russian: ком (kom)

Ukrainian: ком (kom)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian: (dialectal, obsolescent)

Cyrillic script: ко̏м, ко̏ма f (“marc”)

Latin script: kȍm, kȍma f (“marc, dross”)

Slovene: kom (“ball, clump”) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Polish: kom

Traditionally compared with Lithuanian kãmas (“chunk”), kamuolỹs (“ball”), Latvian kams (“mass, clod”), kamols (“ball”), probably from a common Proto-Balto-Slavic *kam⁽ˀ⁾as (“mass”). Further comparison has been drawn to Sanskrit शम् (śam, “to toil, to wreck”), Ancient Greek κᾰ́μνω (kámnō, “to exert, to work hard”), presumably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱemh₂- (“to exert force, to get toiled”).
It is uncertain if the current term is related to homonymous *komъ (“bulge, mound”), attested in South Slavic: Bulgarian Ком (Kom), Комощи́ца (Komoštíca) (oronyms), dial. Serbo-Croatian ко̏м, ко̀мац (“hill, steep”) (alternatively compared with Romanian coamă (“ridge, crest”) < Latin coma (“hair”)). Compare Russian кому́ля (komúlja, “lump of earth”).

cog

(secondary) lump of marc, refuse matter (West, South Slavic)


skubati

skubanьje (noun-from-verb)
skubati (infinitive)
skubatъ (supine)
skubalъ (l-participle)
skubanъ (participle passive past)
skubľemъ (participle passive present)
skubavъ (active participle past)
skubľę (active participle present)
skubaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
skuba (aorist second-person singular)
skuba (aorist singular third-person)
skubľǫ (first-person present singular)
skubľeši (present second-person singular)
skubľetь (present singular third-person)
skubaxově (aorist dual first-person)
skubasta (aorist dual second-person)
skubaste (aorist dual third-person)
skubľevě (dual first-person present)
skubľeta (dual present second-person)
skubľete (dual present third-person)
skubaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
skubaste (aorist plural second-person)
skubašę (aorist plural third-person)
skubľemъ (first-person plural present)
skubľete (plural present second-person)
skubľǫtь (plural present third-person)
skubaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
skubaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
skubaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
skubľi (imperative second-person singular)
skubľi (imperative singular third-person)
skubaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
skubaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
skubaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
skubľivě (dual first-person imperative)
skubľita (dual imperative second-person)
skubaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
skubaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
skubaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
skubľimъ (first-person imperative plural)
skubľite (imperative plural second-person)
skubanьje (noun-from-verb)
skubati (infinitive)
skubatъ (supine)
skubalъ (l-participle)
skubanъ (participle passive past)
skubajemъ (participle passive present)
skubavъ (active participle past)
skubaję (active participle present)
skubaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
skuba (aorist second-person singular)
skuba (aorist singular third-person)
skubajǫ (first-person present singular)
skubaješi (present second-person singular)
skubajetь (present singular third-person)
skubaxově (aorist dual first-person)
skubasta (aorist dual second-person)
skubaste (aorist dual third-person)
skubajevě (dual first-person present)
skubajeta (dual present second-person)
skubajete (dual present third-person)
skubaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
skubaste (aorist plural second-person)
skubašę (aorist plural third-person)
skubajemъ (first-person plural present)
skubajete (plural present second-person)
skubajǫtь (plural present third-person)
skubaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
skubaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
skubaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
skubaji (imperative second-person singular)
skubaji (imperative singular third-person)
skubaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
skubaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
skubaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
skubajivě (dual first-person imperative)
skubajita (dual imperative second-person)
skubaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
skubaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
skubaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
skubajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
skubajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

q

secondary of <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="uk">ску́бці</i> (skúbci)

Belarusian: скуба́ць (skubácʹ) (secondary of ску́бці (skúbci))

secondary of <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="uk">ску́сть</i> (skústʹ)

Russian: скуба́ть (skubátʹ) (secondary of ску́сть (skústʹ))

secondary of <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="uk">ску́бти</i> (skúbty)

Ukrainian: скуба́ти (skubáty) (secondary of ску́бти (skúbty))

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ску́бя (skúbja)

Macedonian: кубе (kube), скубе (skube)

West Slavic:

Czech: škubat (< earlier skústi)

Polish: skubać

Silesian: szkubać

Slovak: škubať, skubať

Sorbian

Upper Sorbian: skubać

Lower Sorbian: skubaś

ye-present counter-part to *skubti + *-jeti.


sъľubъ

sъľubъ (nominative singular)
sъľuba (dual nominative)
sъľubi (nominative plural)
sъľuba (genitive singular)
sъľubu (dual genitive)
sъľubъ (genitive plural)
sъľubu (dative singular)
sъľuboma (dative dual)
sъľubomъ (dative plural)
sъľubъ (accusative singular)
sъľuba (accusative dual)
sъľuby (accusative plural)
sъľubъmь (instrumental singular)
sъľubomь (instrumental singular)
sъľuboma (dual instrumental)
sъľuby (instrumental plural)
sъľubě (locative singular)
sъľubu (dual locative)
sъľuběxъ (locative plural)
sъľube (singular vocative)
sъľuba (dual vocative)
sъľubi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сълюбъ (sŭljubŭ)

Old Ruthenian: слюбъ (sljub)

Ukrainian: слюб (sljub) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Czech: slib

desctree

Polish: ślub
→ Old Ruthenian: шлюбъ (šljub)
Belarusian: шлюб (šljub)
Ukrainian: шлюб (šljub)
→ Russian: шлюб (šljub) (dialectal)

Slovak: sľub

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: zlub

Upper Sorbian: slub

From *sъľubiti + *-ъ, from *sъ + *ľubiti (“to love”).


vьrgati

vьrganьje (noun-from-verb)
vьrgati (infinitive)
vьrgatъ (supine)
vьrgalъ (l-participle)
vьrganъ (participle passive past)
vьrgajemъ (participle passive present)
vьrgavъ (active participle past)
vьrgaję (active participle present)
vьrgaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
vьrga (aorist second-person singular)
vьrga (aorist singular third-person)
vьrgajǫ (first-person present singular)
vьrgaješi (present second-person singular)
vьrgajetь (present singular third-person)
vьrgaxově (aorist dual first-person)
vьrgasta (aorist dual second-person)
vьrgaste (aorist dual third-person)
vьrgajevě (dual first-person present)
vьrgajeta (dual present second-person)
vьrgajete (dual present third-person)
vьrgaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
vьrgaste (aorist plural second-person)
vьrgašę (aorist plural third-person)
vьrgajemъ (first-person plural present)
vьrgajete (plural present second-person)
vьrgajǫtь (plural present third-person)
vьrgaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vьrgaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vьrgaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vьrgaji (imperative second-person singular)
vьrgaji (imperative singular third-person)
vьrgaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vьrgaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vьrgaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vьrgajivě (dual first-person imperative)
vьrgajita (dual imperative second-person)
vьrgaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vьrgaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vьrgaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vьrgajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
vьrgajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old Belarusian: вергати (verhati)

Belarusian: вірга́цца (virhácca) (dialectal)

Russian: верга́ть (vergátʹ) (usually with prefixes); верза́ти (verzáti) (obsolete, XVI cent.)

Ukrainian: ве́рга́ти (vérháty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: въ́ргам (vǎ́rgam) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Czech: vrhat (< earlier vrci)

Polish: wierzgać

Slovak: vrhať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wierhać

Lower Sorbian: wiergaś

Factitive-iterative counterpart to *vergti + *-ati.

Alternative form of *vergti (“to cast, to throw”)


orǫdьje

orǫdьjȅ (canonical neuter)
orǫdьje (nominative singular)
orǫdьji (dual nominative)
orǫdьja (nominative plural)
orǫdьja (genitive singular)
orǫdьju (dual genitive)
orǫdьjь (genitive plural)
orǫdьju (dative singular)
orǫdьjema (dative dual)
orǫdьjemъ (dative plural)
orǫdьje (accusative singular)
orǫdьji (accusative dual)
orǫdьja (accusative plural)
orǫdьjьmь (instrumental singular)
orǫdьjemь (instrumental singular)
orǫdьjema (dual instrumental)
orǫdьji (instrumental plural)
orǫdьji (locative singular)
orǫdьju (dual locative)
orǫdьjixъ (locative plural)
orǫdьje (singular vocative)
orǫdьji (dual vocative)
orǫdьja (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: орѫдие (orǫdie)

Russian: ору́дье (orúdʹje)

desc

Old Novgorodian: орѫдьѥ (orǫdĭje, “case, lawsuit”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: орѫдиѥ (orǫdije)

→ Russian: ору́дие (orúdije)

Bulgarian: оръ́дие (orǎ́die)

Macedonian: орудие (orudie)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̀рӯђе

Latin script: òrūđe

Slovene: orọ̑dje (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: orudie,

Czech: orudí

Old Polish: orędzie

Polish: orędzie, orędź

Slovincian: u̯orąʒė

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: orendi

From *orǫdъ/*obrǫdъ, *orǫdь/*obrǫdь, *orǫdа/*obrǫda + *-ьje (“collective”) (cf. Slovene orọ̑d m or f (“tool”)), from **oręsti/**vъręsti/**obręsti (**orędati/**vъrędati/**obrędati), from *on-/*vъn-/*ob- + **ręsti (**rędati):
* *ob- (reconstructed by ESSJa): is improbable, because *obr- > *or- is not regular. It is only supported by few Belarusian and Russian words, which may be secondary/unrelated:
** Belarusian абру́д (abrúd, “bottom of wooden tableware”), Belarusian абру́ды (abrúdy, “bottom of bucket”, plural).
** Russian обру́да (obrúda, “bridle”). Compare Russian оброть/обруть/обрудь (obrotʹ/obrutʹ/obrudʹ, “bridle”) (< *obrъtь).
** Russian обруди́ть (obrudítʹ, “обшить”)
* *on-: n was early dropped by dissimilation *anrand- > *arand-, but examples/counterexamples are not given, except for Proto-Slavic *sumьněti < *sǫmьněti. See also *ogňь, *voda.
* Only attested verbs are Proto-Slavic *ręditi, *rędimъ (-i- type) and Slovene narèsti, naredím (-C/i- type). If latter is inherited, it would be unique in its C/i type, however: 1) there is another limited -a/i- type, 2) some -C- type verbs (ending in 'd': *ěsti, *bosti, *krasti, *klasti, *pasti, ..?) can dervive words by using *-idlo, *-ivъ, *-ьba, *-ežь suffixes which are regular for -i- type verbs.
Some authors derive it from ^((please verify)) Old High German āranti, ^((please verify)) aronti, ārunti, ^((please verify)) arunti, ^((please verify)) arundi, ^((please verify)) ārundi n (“message, affair”) (< Proto-West Germanic *ārundī n, somehow from Proto-Germanic *airundiją n, from *airuz (“messenger”) with some suffix) without explanation why OHG *ā gave PS *o (compare Proto-Slavic *lagy).
Related to Slovincian n̕åřądło n (“?tool”), Proto-Slavic *narędьje, *narędъ, *narędьba (< *naręditi).

nc

оброть/обруть/обрудь

cog

Russian обруди́ть (obrudítʹ, “обшить”)

categorize

Requests for references for terms in Old High German entries

rfv-term

Old High German <i class="Latn mention" lang="goh">āranti</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="goh">aronti</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="goh">arunti</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="goh">arundi</i>


ǫtъkъ

ǫtъ̀kъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
ǫtъ̀kъ (nominative singular)
ǫtъkà (dual nominative)
ǫtъcì (nominative plural)
ǫtъkà (genitive singular)
ǫtъkù (dual genitive)
ǫtъ̀kъ (genitive plural)
ǫtъkù (dative singular)
ǫtъkòma (dative dual)
ǫtъkòmъ (dative plural)
ǫtъ̀kъ (accusative singular)
ǫtъkà (accusative dual)
ǫtъkỳ (accusative plural)
ǫtъkъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
ǫtъkòmь (instrumental singular)
ǫtъkòma (dual instrumental)
ǫtъ̀ky (instrumental plural)
ǫtъcě̀ (locative singular)
ǫtъkù (dual locative)
ǫtъ̀cěxъ (locative plural)
ǫtъče (singular vocative)
ǫtъkà (dual vocative)
ǫtъcì (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic ѫтъкъ (ǫtŭkŭ)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: утъкъ (utŭkŭ)

Belarusian: уток (utók), вуто́к (vutók)

Russian: уток (utok), (possibly) вток (vtok)

Ukrainian: уті́к (utík), уто́к (utók)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: въ́тък (vǎ́tǎk), у́ток (útok)

Macedonian: јаток (jatok)

Serbo-Croatian: utak, vutak

Slovene: vọ̑tәk (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: útek

Czech: útek

Polabian: võtak

Old Polish: wątek

Polish: wątek

Slovak: útok

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wutk

Lower Sorbian: hutk (“weft”)

* Per Vasmer: From *ǫ- + *tъkъ, a resultant noun from *tъkati (“to weave”) + *-ъ.
* Per Komárková: From *vъtъkati.
Compare synonymous deverbals: Serbo-Croatian потка, натка, натак, Ukrainian пӥ́тка (< *potъka, *natъka, *natъkъ < *natъkati, *potъkati).
For the meaning compare Irish inneach (“weft”) (from Old Irish innech/indech (“weft”, literally “intextum”)) (< ind-), Welsh anwe (“weft”), Dutch inslag (“weft”) (inslaan, in (“in”), slag), Old English āweb, ōweb (< an- or ar-).

nc

Marko Snoj
Oleg Trubachyov
be:Віктар Уладзіміравіч Мартынаў
be:Генадзь Апанасавіч Цыхун
uk:Мельничук Олександр Савич
warp and weft


ǫdolьje

ǫdolьje (nominative singular)
ǫdolьji (dual nominative)
ǫdolьja (nominative plural)
ǫdolьja (genitive singular)
ǫdolьju (dual genitive)
ǫdolьjь (genitive plural)
ǫdolьju (dative singular)
ǫdolьjema (dative dual)
ǫdolьjemъ (dative plural)
ǫdolьje (accusative singular)
ǫdolьji (accusative dual)
ǫdolьja (accusative plural)
ǫdolьjьmь (instrumental singular)
ǫdolьjemь (instrumental singular)
ǫdolьjema (dual instrumental)
ǫdolьji (instrumental plural)
ǫdolьji (locative singular)
ǫdolьju (dual locative)
ǫdolьjixъ (locative plural)
ǫdolьje (singular vocative)
ǫdolьji (dual vocative)
ǫdolьja (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: удо́лье n (udólʹje)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

desc

Old Cyrillic script: ѫдольѥ n (ǫdolĭje, “valley”)

Glagolitic script: ⱘⰴⱁⰾⱐⱑ (ǫdolĭě)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: údolé

Czech: údolí

Bohemian (Chod dialect): houdolí

Old Polish: wądole

Slovak: údolie


ǫdolь

ǫdolь (nominative singular)
ǫdoli (dual nominative)
ǫdoli (nominative plural)
ǫdoli (genitive singular)
ǫdolьju (dual genitive)
ǫdolьjь (genitive plural)
ǫdoli (dative singular)
ǫdolьma (dative dual)
ǫdolьmъ (dative plural)
ǫdolь (accusative singular)
ǫdoli (accusative dual)
ǫdoli (accusative plural)
ǫdolьjǫ (instrumental singular)
ǫdolьma (dual instrumental)
ǫdolьmi (instrumental plural)
ǫdoli (locative singular)
ǫdolьju (dual locative)
ǫdolьxъ (locative plural)
ǫdoli (singular vocative)
ǫdoli (dual vocative)
ǫdoli (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic ѫдолъ (ǫdolŭ), ѫдоль (ǫdolĭ) (Serbian)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: удолъ (udolŭ), удоль (udolĭ)

Russian: удо́л m (udól)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ѫдоль f (ǫdolĭ, “valley”)

→ Russian: юдоль (judolʹ) (archaic)

Slovene: odol m (“valley”)

West Slavic:

Czech: údol m

Kashubian: vǫdȯł

Old Polish: wądół (wądol/vadol/wødol/wandolow)

Polish: wądół m, wędół m

Slovak: údol m

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wudoł m

*ǫdolь:
* Per Boryś: From *on (“in”) + *dolъ (“bottom”) + *-ь (“something”)
* See also *ǫdolьje, Upper Sorbian wudolina.
*ǫdolъ:
* Per Boryś: From *on (“in”) + *dolъ (“bottom”) + *-ъ (“something”)
* Per Vasmer: From *ǫ- + *dolъ
* See also *jьzokъ, *orzokъ, *bezdъnъ.


obvida

obvìda (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
obvìda (nominative singular)
obvìdě (dual nominative)
obvìdy (nominative plural)
obvìdy (genitive singular)
obvìdu (dual genitive)
obvìdъ (genitive plural)
obvìdě (dative singular)
obvìdama (dative dual)
obvìdamъ (dative plural)
obvìdǫ (accusative singular)
obvìdě (accusative dual)
obvìdy (accusative plural)
obvìdojǫ (instrumental singular)
obvìdǭ (instrumental singular)
obvìdama (dual instrumental)
obvìdamī (instrumental plural)
obvìdě (locative singular)
obvìdu (dual locative)
obvìdasъ (locative plural)
obvìdaxъ (locative plural)
obvìdo (singular vocative)
obvìdě (dual vocative)
obvìdy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: оби́да (obída)

Old Ruthenian: оби́да (obída)

Belarusian: абі́да (abída)

Ukrainian: оби́да (obýda)

Russian: оби́да (obída); оби́жда (obížda) (dialectal)

Old Novgorodian: обида (obida)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: обида (obida)

Glagolitic script: ⱁⰱⰺⰴⰰ (obida)

Bulgarian: оби́да (obída, “insult”)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: obida f, obid m

Czech: obida (obsolete)

Old Slovak: obida

Slovak: obida

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: obidă

From *obviděti + *-a, from *o(b) + *viděti.

obida

presumably via -bv- > -b- assimilation or an alternative reconstruction


obida

obìda (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
obìda (nominative singular)
obìdě (dual nominative)
obìdy (nominative plural)
obìdy (genitive singular)
obìdu (dual genitive)
obìdъ (genitive plural)
obìdě (dative singular)
obìdama (dative dual)
obìdamъ (dative plural)
obìdǫ (accusative singular)
obìdě (accusative dual)
obìdy (accusative plural)
obìdojǫ (instrumental singular)
obìdǭ (instrumental singular)
obìdama (dual instrumental)
obìdamī (instrumental plural)
obìdě (locative singular)
obìdu (dual locative)
obìdasъ (locative plural)
obìdaxъ (locative plural)
obìdo (singular vocative)
obìdě (dual vocative)
obìdy (plural vocative)

* Milleit, Berneker (favoured by Vasmer, Trubačev (ESSJa)): From regular assimilation of cluster *-bv- → *-b- from Proto-Slavic *ob(v)ida < *o(b) + *viděti (“to see”).
* Miklošič: From *o(b) + *bida, the later presumably related to Proto-Slavic *běda (“harm, trouble”), Lithuanian baĩdas (“scare”). Favoured by some early scholars (Schmidt, Uhlenbeck, Mladenov, Preobražensky).

Alternative reconstruction of *obvida (“resentment”)


korpъ

korpъ (nominative singular)
korpy (dual nominative)
korpove (nominative plural)
korpu (genitive singular)
korpovu (dual genitive)
korpovъ (genitive plural)
korpovi (dative singular)
korpъma (dative dual)
korpъmъ (dative plural)
korpъ (accusative singular)
korpy (accusative dual)
korpy (accusative plural)
korpъmь (instrumental singular)
korpъma (dual instrumental)
korpъmi (instrumental plural)
korpu (locative singular)
korpovu (dual locative)
korpъxъ (locative plural)
korpu (singular vocative)
korpy (dual vocative)
korpove (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ко́ропъ (kóropŭ)

Old Ruthenian: ко́ропъ (kórop)

Belarusian: ко́рап (kórap) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: ко́роп (kórop)

Russian: ко́роп (kórop) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: крап (krap) (regional, archaic)

Macedonian: крап (krap)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кра̏п (southwestern dialectal)

Latin script: krȁp (southwestern dialectal)

Slovene: kràp

West Slavic:

>? Old Czech: kapr (metathesis)

Czech: kapr

Slovak: krap (dialectal)

>? Slovak: kapor (metathesis)

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: crap

Uncertain. Opinions split between:
* Sobolevsky, Berneker: Of native origin, substantivized from the root of Proto-Slavic *korpa (“toad”), Ukrainian коропа́вий (koropávyj, “scrubby”) (< *korpavъ). Possibly further akin to Lithuanian karpà (“wart”), Lithuanian kar̃pa (“callus”).
* Hirt, Uhlenbeck, Šakhmatov: Borrowed from Germanic, perhaps Gothic *𐌺𐌰𐍂𐍀𐌰 (*karpa) or Old High German karpho, karpo, karpfo. The later is the source of terms without liquid metathesis: Polish karp, Russian карп (karp), etc (borrowed in post-Common Slavic period). Also borrowed in Lithuanian kárpa (“carp”).
* Meyer, Machek: From a pre-Indo-European substrate, spoken in the Danube region.
In either case, related to Old High German karpo, Late Latin carpa. Vasmer excludes Slavic origin for the Germanic terms (and from there for Latin), however, leaves as a possibility spread from some paleo-Balkan or paleo-Pannonian Indo-European dialect.

cog

common carp (Cyprinus carpio); any fish of the genus Cyprinus