sǫprǫgъ

sǫprǫ̀gъ (canonical masculine)
sǫprǫgъ (nominative singular)
sǫprǫga (dual nominative)
sǫprǫdzi (nominative plural)
sǫprǫga (genitive singular)
sǫprǫgu (dual genitive)
sǫprǫgъ (genitive plural)
sǫprǫgu (dative singular)
sǫprǫgoma (dative dual)
sǫprǫgomъ (dative plural)
sǫprǫgъ (accusative singular)
sǫprǫga (accusative dual)
sǫprǫgy (accusative plural)
sǫprǫgъmь (instrumental singular)
sǫprǫgomь (instrumental singular)
sǫprǫgoma (dual instrumental)
sǫprǫgy (instrumental plural)
sǫprǫdzě (locative singular)
sǫprǫgu (dual locative)
sǫprǫdzěxъ (locative plural)
sǫprǫže (singular vocative)
sǫprǫga (dual vocative)
sǫprǫdzi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сꙋпрꙋгъ (suprugŭ)

Belarusian:

Russian: супру́г (suprúg)

Ukrainian: супру́г (suprúh)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: сѫпрѫгъ (sǫprǫgŭ)

Bulgarian: съпру́г (sǎprúg); съпръ́г (sǎprǎ́g) (dated)

Macedonian: сопруг (soprug)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: су̏пруг

Latin script: sȕprug

Slovene: soprọ̑g (tonal orthography)

Equivalent to *sǫ- + *prǫgъ (“shackle, splice”). Analogous to Latin coniūnx m or f (“spouse”) < coniugō (“to unite, to yoke”).


drъva

drъvà (canonical neuter plural)
c (accent-paradigm)
drъvà (nominative plural)
drъ̀vъ (genitive plural)
drъvòmъ (dative plural)
drъvà (accusative plural)
drъvý (instrumental plural)
drъvě̃xъ (locative plural)
drъvà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: дръва (drŭva), дрова (drova), дрꙑва (dryva)

Old Belarusian: дрова (drova), дрыва (dryva), дрва (drva)

Belarusian: дро́вы (dróvy), дро́ва (dróva)

Middle Russian: дръва (drʺva), дрова (drova)

Russian: дрова́ (drová)

Old Ukrainian: дрова (drova), дрива (driva), дрыва (dryva), дърва (drva)

Ukrainian: дро́ва (dróva)

Carpathian Rusyn: дырва (dŷrva)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: дръва (drŭva)

Russian Church Slavonic: дръва (drŭva), дрова (drova)

Bulgarian: дърва́ (dǎrvá)

Macedonian: дрва (drva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: др̀ва, др̏еа f (“log”)

Latin script: dr̀va, dȑea f (“log”)

Slovene: dŕva

West Slavic:

Czech: drva (dialectal)

Kashubian: drwa

Polabian: dråvă

Polish: drwa

Slovak: drvá (dialectal)


dyšati

dyšàti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
dyšanьje (noun-from-verb)
dyšati (infinitive)
dyšatъ (supine)
dyšalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
dyšanъ (participle passive past)
dyšimъ (participle passive present)
dyšavъ (active participle past)
dyšę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
dyšaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dyša (aorist second-person singular)
dyša (aorist singular third-person)
dyšǫ (first-person present singular)
dyšiši (present second-person singular)
dyšitь (present singular third-person)
dyšaxově (aorist dual first-person)
dyšasta (aorist dual second-person)
dyšaste (aorist dual third-person)
dyšivě (dual first-person present)
dyšita (dual present second-person)
dyšite (dual present third-person)
dyšaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dyšaste (aorist plural second-person)
dyšašę (aorist plural third-person)
dyšimъ (first-person plural present)
dyšite (plural present second-person)
dyšętь (plural present third-person)
dyšaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dyšaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dyšaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dyši (imperative second-person singular)
dyši (imperative singular third-person)
dyšaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dyšaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dyšaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dyšivě (dual first-person imperative)
dyšita (dual imperative second-person)
dyšaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dyšaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dyšaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dyšimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dyšite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: дыша́ть (dyšátʹ)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: dȉšati, dȉšiti

Slovene: dišáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Polish: dyszeć

From an earlier *dyxěti, formed as *dyxъ (“whiff”) + *-ěti. Cognate with Lithuanian dūsė́ti (“to gasp”) and akin to Lithuanian dusė́ti (“to cough”), Latvian dusêt (“to gasp, to breathe”).


dyšati

dyšanьje (noun-from-verb)
dyšati (infinitive)
dyšatъ (supine)
dyšalъ (l-participle)
dyšanъ (participle passive past)
dyšajemъ (participle passive present)
dyšavъ (active participle past)
dyšaję (active participle present)
dyšaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dyša (aorist second-person singular)
dyša (aorist singular third-person)
dyšajǫ (first-person present singular)
dyšaješi (present second-person singular)
dyšajetь (present singular third-person)
dyšaxově (aorist dual first-person)
dyšasta (aorist dual second-person)
dyšaste (aorist dual third-person)
dyšajevě (dual first-person present)
dyšajeta (dual present second-person)
dyšajete (dual present third-person)
dyšaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dyšaste (aorist plural second-person)
dyšašę (aorist plural third-person)
dyšajemъ (first-person plural present)
dyšajete (plural present second-person)
dyšajǫtь (plural present third-person)
dyšaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dyšaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dyšaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dyšaji (imperative second-person singular)
dyšaji (imperative singular third-person)
dyšaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dyšaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dyšaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dyšajivě (dual first-person imperative)
dyšajita (dual imperative second-person)
dyšaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dyšaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dyšaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dyšajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dyšajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ди́шам (díšam)

Macedonian: дише (diše)

Secondary iterative form of the intensive *dyxati + *-jati. Akin to Lithuanian dūsúoti (“to breathe heavily”).


černъ

čẽrnъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
čẽrnъ (nominative singular)
čērnà (dual nominative)
čērnì (nominative plural)
čērnà (genitive singular)
čērnù (dual genitive)
čẽrnъ (genitive plural)
čērnù (dative singular)
čērnòma (dative dual)
čērnòmъ (dative plural)
čẽrnъ (accusative singular)
čērnà (accusative dual)
čērnỳ (accusative plural)
čērnъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
čērnòmь (instrumental singular)
čērnòma (dual instrumental)
čẽrny (instrumental plural)
čērně̀ (locative singular)
čērnù (dual locative)
čẽrněxъ (locative plural)
černe (singular vocative)
čērnà (dual vocative)
čērnì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: церенъ (cerenŭ)

Belarusian: чарэ́нь (čarénʹ)

desc

Russian: черен (čeren), чрен (čren), цере́н (cerén), црен (cren), цирен (ciren), че́рен (čéren)

Ukrainian: чері́нь (čerínʹ), чэрэ́н (čèrè́n) (dialectal), чери́н (čerýn), чарэ́н (čarè́n), черэ́н (čerè́n), черо́нь (čerónʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: чрѣнъ (črěnŭ)

Bulgarian: чрен (čren) (archaic)

Macedonian: црен (cren)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: че́рјен, чре̏н (dialectal)

Latin script: čérjen, črȅn (dialectal)

Slovene: čerẹ̑n, črẹ̑n

West Slavic:

Old Czech: čeřěn

Czech: čeřen

desctree

Old Polish: czeran
Polish: trzon
→ Czech: třeň
Silesian: strzōn

Slovak: čereň

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: šeŕeń

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kernas, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer-no-s, from *kʷer-.

→ pot


saďa

sàďa (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
sàďa (nominative singular)
sàďi (dual nominative)
sàďę̇ (nominative plural)
sàďę̇ (genitive singular)
sàďu (dual genitive)
sàďь (genitive plural)
sàďī (dative singular)
sàďama (dative dual)
sàďāmъ (dative plural)
sàďǫ (accusative singular)
sàďi (accusative dual)
sàďę̇ (accusative plural)
sàďējǫ (instrumental singular)
sàďǭ (instrumental singular)
sàďama (dual instrumental)
sàďāmī (instrumental plural)
sàďī (locative singular)
sàďu (dual locative)
sàďāsъ (locative plural)
sàďe (singular vocative)
sàďi (dual vocative)
sàďę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: са́жа (sáža)

Russian: са́жа (sáža)

Ukrainian: са́жа (sáža)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: сажда (sažda)

desc

Bulgarian: са́жда (sážda), са́жди (sáždi) (plural)

Macedonian: саѓа (saǵa)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сађа, саже

Latin script: sađa, saže

Slovene: sája, saje

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sazě

Czech: saze (plural)

Bohemian (Chod dialect): sáze

Polabian: soʒe

Polish: sadza

Old Slovak: sadza

Pannonian Rusyn: садза (sadza)

Slovak: sadza

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: sazy (plural)

Lower Sorbian: saze (plural, dialectal)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sṓdjāˀ. Cognate with Lithuanian súodžiai, Old Norse sót, English soot.


sloniti

slonìti (canonical imperfective)
slaněti (perfective)
sloniti (infinitive)
slonitъ (supine)
slonjenьje (noun-from-verb)
slonę (active present)
slonjь (active past)
slonimъ (passive present)
slonjenъ (passive past)
slonilъ (past resultative)
slonjǫ (first-person present singular)
slonišь (present second-person singular)
sloni (imperative second-person singular)
slonitь (present singular third-person)
sloni (imperative singular third-person)
slonivě (dual first-person present)
slonivě (dual first-person imperative)
slonita (dual present second-person)
slonita (dual imperative second-person)
slonite (dual present third-person)
slonite (dual imperative third-person)
slonimъ (first-person plural present)
slonimъ (first-person imperative plural)
slonite (plural present second-person)
slonite (imperative plural second-person)
slonętь (plural present third-person)
slonjaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
slonixъ (aorist first-person singular)
slonjaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sloni (aorist second-person singular)
slonjaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sloni (aorist singular third-person)
slonjaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
slonixově (aorist dual first-person)
slonjaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
slonista (aorist dual second-person)
slonjaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sloniste (aorist dual third-person)
slonjaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
slonixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
slonjaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sloniste (aorist plural second-person)
slonjaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
slonišę (aorist plural third-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: -слони́ть (-slonítʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: слонити (sloniti)

Bulgarian: слоня (slonja)

Macedonian: слони (sloni) (dialectal)

⇒ Serbo-Croatian: zaslòniti

West Slavic:

Czech: slonit, clonit

Polish: słonić, słaniać

Slovak: slоniť, cloniť

Formed as *slonъ (“shed, offset”) + *-iti.


dyxati

dyxàti (canonical imperfective)
dyxnǫti (perfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
dyxanьje (noun-from-verb)
dyxati (infinitive)
dyxatъ (supine)
dyxalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
dyxanъ (participle passive past)
dyšemъ (participle passive present)
dyxavъ (active participle past)
dyšę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
dyxaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dyxa (aorist second-person singular)
dyxa (aorist singular third-person)
dyšǫ (first-person present singular)
dyšeši (present second-person singular)
dyšetь (present singular third-person)
dyxaxově (aorist dual first-person)
dyxasta (aorist dual second-person)
dyxaste (aorist dual third-person)
dyševě (dual first-person present)
dyšeta (dual present second-person)
dyšete (dual present third-person)
dyxaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dyxaste (aorist plural second-person)
dyxašę (aorist plural third-person)
dyšemъ (first-person plural present)
dyšete (plural present second-person)
dyšǫtь (plural present third-person)
dyxaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dyxaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dyxaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dyši (imperative second-person singular)
dyši (imperative singular third-person)
dyxaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dyxaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dyxaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dyšivě (dual first-person imperative)
dyšita (dual imperative second-person)
dyxaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dyxaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dyxaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dyšimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dyšite (imperative plural second-person)
a (accent-paradigm)
dyxanьje (noun-from-verb)
dyxati (infinitive)
dyxatъ (supine)
dyxalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
dyxanъ (participle passive past)
dyxajemъ (participle passive present)
dyxavъ (active participle past)
dyxaję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
dyxaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dyxa (aorist second-person singular)
dyxa (aorist singular third-person)
dyxajǫ (first-person present singular)
dyxaješi (present second-person singular)
dyxajetь (present singular third-person)
dyxaxově (aorist dual first-person)
dyxasta (aorist dual second-person)
dyxaste (aorist dual third-person)
dyxajevě (dual first-person present)
dyxajeta (dual present second-person)
dyxajete (dual present third-person)
dyxaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dyxaste (aorist plural second-person)
dyxašę (aorist plural third-person)
dyxajemъ (first-person plural present)
dyxajete (plural present second-person)
dyxajǫtь (plural present third-person)
dyxaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dyxaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dyxaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dyxaji (imperative second-person singular)
dyxaji (imperative singular third-person)
dyxaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dyxaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dyxaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dyxajivě (dual first-person imperative)
dyxajita (dual imperative second-person)
dyxaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dyxaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dyxaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dyxajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dyxajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ды́хаць (dýxacʹ)

Russian: ды́хать (dýxatʹ) (obsolete)

Ukrainian: ди́хати (dýxaty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: дꙑхати (dyxati)

Bulgarian: дихая (dihaja) (archaic), дихам (diham), дихвам (dihvam)

Macedonian: дише (diše), dial. дија (dija)

Serbo-Croatian: (Chakavian)

Cyrillic script: дихати

Latin script: díhati, dȉhati

Slovene: díhati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dýchati

Czech: dýchat

Polish: dychać (archaic)

Slovak: dýchať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: dychać

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: dihat

Formed as *dyxъ (“whiff”) + *-ati, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *dáuṣas, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰus-, *dʰūs-, *dʰwes- (“to blow”), see also Latvian dvest (“to breathe”), Lithuanian dūsúoti (“to breathe heavily”).


čьrtъ

čь̑rtъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
čь̑rtъ (nominative singular)
čь̑rta (dual nominative)
čь̑rti (nominative plural)
čь̑rta (genitive singular)
čьrtù (dual genitive)
čь̃rtъ (genitive plural)
čь̑rtu (dative singular)
čьrtomà (dative dual)
čьrtòmъ (dative plural)
čь̑rtъ (accusative singular)
čь̑rta (accusative dual)
čь̑rty (accusative plural)
čь̑rtъmь (instrumental singular)
čь̑rtomь (instrumental singular)
čьrtomà (dual instrumental)
čьrtý (instrumental plural)
čь̑rtě (locative singular)
čьrtù (dual locative)
čьrtě̃xъ (locative plural)
čьrte (singular vocative)
čь̑rta (dual vocative)
čь̑rti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: чортъ (čortŭ)

Belarusian: чорт (čort)

Russian: чёрт (čort)

→ Bulgarian: чорт (čort)

→ Polish: czort, ciort

Ukrainian: чорт (čort)

Old Novgorodian: цьрте (cĭrte)

South Slavic:

Slovene: čȓt (“hostile spirit; animosity”)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: črt

Czech: čert

→ Polish: czert

Moravian (Mistřice): čert

Kashubian: czart

Polish: czart

Slovak: čert

Slovincian: czart

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: cart; cert (dialectal)

Upper Sorbian: čert

Non-Slavic:

→ Lithuanian: čartas, čertas

Unclear. Usually two theories are proposed:
* Past passive participle of unattested verb (nouns: *čarъ, *čara (“magic, sorcery”)) that is the exact equivalent of the Lithuanian kerė́ti (“to bewitch”). This etymology is supported by analogies, cf. *vȏrgъ (“foe, enemy; evil spirit”) > *voržiti (“to divine”). Cognate with Sanskrit कृत्या (kṛtyā, “female demon, sorceress”).
* Past passive participle of *čerti (“to cut”). This etymology is supported by the fact that in many beliefs, evil spirits were often mutilated, cf. Polish kusy (“devil”), Bulgarian къ́с (kǎ́s, “devil”) from Proto-Slavic *kǫsъ (“bitten off; short; tailless”). Relation with *čьrta, *čara (“line”), *čersti, *čьrtiti (“to cut”) is also possible.
Other propositions include:
* Berneker: past passive participle of unattested verb that is the exact equivalent of the Lithuanian kyrė́ti (“to take revenge”) from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, to cross”) (or *ker- (“to assault”)) with literal meaning “avenger”. Bezlaj derives it from the same root, but through a different semantic shift: “astride, askew” → “evil, treacherous”.
* From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kerH- (“to swing, to skip, to jump”) though a semantic development “quick” → “scary, freakish”.
Modern descendants are sometimes associated through folk etymology with (descendants of) Proto-Slavic *čьrnъ (“black”).


dušiti

dušìti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
dušenьje (noun-from-verb)
dušiti (infinitive)
dušitъ (supine)
dušilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
dušenъ (participle passive past)
dušimъ (participle passive present)
dušь (active participle past)
dušę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
dušixъ (aorist first-person singular)
duši (aorist second-person singular)
duši (aorist singular third-person)
dušǫ (first-person present singular)
dušiši (present second-person singular)
dušitь (present singular third-person)
dušixově (aorist dual first-person)
dušista (aorist dual second-person)
dušiste (aorist dual third-person)
dušivě (dual first-person present)
dušita (dual present second-person)
dušite (dual present third-person)
dušixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dušiste (aorist plural second-person)
dušišę (aorist plural third-person)
dušimъ (first-person plural present)
dušite (plural present second-person)
dušętь (plural present third-person)
dušaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dušaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dušaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
duši (imperative second-person singular)
duši (imperative singular third-person)
dušaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dušaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dušaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dušivě (dual first-person imperative)
dušita (dual imperative second-person)
dušaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dušaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dušaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dušimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dušite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: душы́ць (dušýcʹ)

Russian: души́ть (dušítʹ)

Ukrainian: души́ти (dušýty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: душа́ (dušá)

Macedonian: души (duši) (literary), гуши (guši)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ду́шити (literary), гу́шити

Latin script: dúšiti (literary), gúšiti

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: dušíti, dušȋti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: dusit

Kashubian: dëszëc, dusëc

Polish: dusić

Slovak: dusiť

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *dʰews- (“to breathe”) + *-éyeti.


dušiti

dȗšiti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
dušenьje (noun-from-verb)
dušiti (infinitive)
dušitъ (supine)
dušilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
dušenъ (participle passive past)
dušimъ (participle passive present)
dušь (active participle past)
dušę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
dušixъ (aorist first-person singular)
duši (aorist second-person singular)
duši (aorist singular third-person)
dušǫ (first-person present singular)
dušiši (present second-person singular)
dušitь (present singular third-person)
dušixově (aorist dual first-person)
dušista (aorist dual second-person)
dušiste (aorist dual third-person)
dušivě (dual first-person present)
dušita (dual present second-person)
dušite (dual present third-person)
dušixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dušiste (aorist plural second-person)
dušišę (aorist plural third-person)
dušimъ (first-person plural present)
dušite (plural present second-person)
dušętь (plural present third-person)
dušaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dušaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dušaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
duši (imperative second-person singular)
duši (imperative singular third-person)
dušaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dušaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dušaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dušivě (dual first-person imperative)
dušita (dual imperative second-person)
dušaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dušaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dušaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dušimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dušite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Belarusian: душы́ць (dušýcʹ, “to perfume”)

Russian: души́ть (dušítʹ, “to perfume”)

Ukrainian: души́ти (dušýty, “to perfume”)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ду́ша (dúša, “to sniff, to try to smell”)

Macedonian: ду́шне (dúšne), ду́шка (dúška)

Denominal verb from *duxъ (“spirit”) + *-iti.


čisti

čistì (canonical imperfective)
čitati (frequentative)
c (accent-paradigm)
čьtenьje (noun-from-verb)
čisti (infinitive)
čistъ (supine)
čьtlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
čьtenъ (participle passive past)
čьtomъ (participle passive present)
čьtъ (active participle past)
čьty (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
čьtъ (aorist first-person singular)
čьtoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
čьte (aorist second-person singular)
čьte (aorist singular third-person)
čьtǫ (first-person present singular)
čьteši (present second-person singular)
čьtetь (present singular third-person)
čьtově (aorist dual first-person)
čьtoxově (aorist dual first-person)
čьteta (aorist dual second-person)
čьtosta (aorist dual second-person)
čьtete (aorist dual third-person)
čьtoste (aorist dual third-person)
čьtevě (dual first-person present)
čьteta (dual present second-person)
čьtete (dual present third-person)
čьtomъ (aorist first-person plural)
čьtoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
čьtete (aorist plural second-person)
čьtoste (aorist plural second-person)
čьtǫ (aorist plural third-person)
čьtošę (aorist plural third-person)
čьtemъ (first-person plural present)
čьtete (plural present second-person)
čьtǫtь (plural present third-person)
čьtěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
čьtěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
čьtěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
čьti (imperative second-person singular)
čьti (imperative singular third-person)
čьtěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
čьtěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
čьtěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
čьtěvě (dual first-person imperative)
čьtěta (dual imperative second-person)
čьtěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
čьtěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
čьtěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
čьtěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
čьtěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: чисти (čisti), ⇒ чьсти (čĭsti), чести (česti)

⇒ Ukrainian: чти́ти (čtýty)

⇒ Russian: честь (čestʹ) (obsolete, dialectal), чтить (čtitʹ) (bookish)

⇒ Old Novgorodian: чьсти (čĭsti)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: чисти (čisti)

Glagolitic script: ⱍⰻⱄⱅⰻ (čisti)

Old Serbo-Croatian: čisti (attested 13-16 cent.)

⇒ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: (obsolete) ча̀тити, ча̀тати, чта̏ти, чти̏ти, чтјети, (dialectal) шти̏ти, штјети, штети

Latin script: (obsolete) čàtiti, čàtati, čtȁti, čtȉti, čtjeti, (dialectal) štȉti, štjeti, šteti

⇒ Slovene: štéti, čtéti (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: čísti

Czech: číst

Old Polish: czyść, ⇒ czcić

Polish: czyść (obsolete)

Polabian: catĕ (3. sg. praes.)

Pomeranian:

⇒ Kashubian: tczëc

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *(s)keistéi (mobile accent), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷeyt-. Cognate with Latvian šķist (“to think, to suppose”).

to count (determine the total number of)

to read (to interpret, or infer a meaning, significance, thought, intention)

to pay attention, to pay heed, to notice, to perceive, to comprehend, to understand

to honour, to worship, to esteem, to respect


doľa

dòľa (canonical feminine)
b (accent-paradigm)
dòľa (nominative singular)
dòľi (dual nominative)
dòľę̇ (nominative plural)
dòľę̇ (genitive singular)
dòľu (dual genitive)
dòľь (genitive plural)
dòľi (dative singular)
dòľama (dative dual)
dòľamъ (dative plural)
dòľǫ (accusative singular)
dòľi (accusative dual)
dòľę̇ (accusative plural)
dòľejǫ (instrumental singular)
dòľǫ (instrumental singular)
dòľama (dual instrumental)
dòľamī (instrumental plural)
dòľi (locative singular)
dòľu (dual locative)
dòľasъ (locative plural)
dòľaxъ (locative plural)
doľe (singular vocative)
dòľi (dual vocative)
dòľę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: долꙗ (dolja)

Old Ruthenian: до́лꙗ (dólja)

Belarusian: до́ля (dólja)

Ukrainian: до́ля (dólja)

Russian: до́ля (dólja)

→ Czech: dola

South Slavic:

Church Slavonic: долꙗ (dolja) (Russian recension)

Bulgarian: доля (dolja)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dole

Polish: dola

Slovak: doľa

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *dáljāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *delh₁- (“to split, divide”). Cognate with Lithuanian dalià, Latvian daļa.


čubъ

čubъ (nominative singular)
čuba (dual nominative)
čubi (nominative plural)
čuba (genitive singular)
čubu (dual genitive)
čubъ (genitive plural)
čubu (dative singular)
čuboma (dative dual)
čubomъ (dative plural)
čubъ (accusative singular)
čuba (accusative dual)
čuby (accusative plural)
čubъmь (instrumental singular)
čubomь (instrumental singular)
čuboma (dual instrumental)
čuby (instrumental plural)
čubě (locative singular)
čubu (dual locative)
čuběxъ (locative plural)
čube (singular vocative)
čuba (dual vocative)
čubi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *чубъ (*čubŭ)

Old Ruthenian: *чубъ (*čub)

Belarusian: чуб (čub)

Ukrainian: чуб (čub)

Russian: чуб (čub)

West Slavic:

Czech: čub

Polish: czub

Slovak: čub

Slovincian: czúb

Together with Proto-Slavic *skuti (“to pluck hair, weeds”), supposed to be from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewbʰ-. Akin to Lithuanian skùbti (“to hurry”), Proto-Germanic *skeubaną (“to shove”). Further related appears to be Albanian humb (“to get lost”) via a nasal infix.
Per Trubachev and Vasmer, distantly related to Proto-Slavic *čupъ. Trubachev mentions as possible descendants Serbo-Croatian ćùba, Slovene čọ́ba, however, per Snoj they may actually reflect Proto-Slavic *čьnoba.

cog

(in South Slavic)


deševъ

dȅševъ (canonical)
deševъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
deševa (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
deševo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
deševa (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
deševy (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
deševa (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
deševu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
deševě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
deševu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
deševъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
deševǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
deševo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
deševomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
deševojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
deševomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
deševě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
deševě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
deševě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
deševe (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
deševo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
deševo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
deševa (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
deševě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
deševě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
deševu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
deševu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
deševu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
deševoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
deševama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
deševoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
deševa (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
deševě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
deševě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
deševoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
deševama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
deševoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
deševu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
deševu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
deševu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
deševa (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
deševě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
deševě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
deševi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
deševy (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
deševa (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
deševъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
deševъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
deševъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
deševomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
deševamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
deševomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
deševy (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
deševy (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
deševa (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
deševy (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
deševami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
deševy (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
deševěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
deševaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
deševěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
deševi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
deševy (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
deševa (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
deševъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
deševaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
deševoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
deševajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
deševyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
deševajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
deševujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
deševěji (dative definite feminine singular)
deševujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
deševъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
deševǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
deševoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
deševyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
deševǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
deševyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
deševějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
deševěji (definite feminine locative singular)
deševějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
deševъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
deševaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
deševoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
deševaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
deševěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
deševěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
deševuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
deševuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
deševuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
deševyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
deševyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
deševyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
deševaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
deševěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
deševěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
deševyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
deševyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
deševyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
deševuju (definite dual locative masculine)
deševuju (definite dual feminine locative)
deševuju (definite dual locative neuter)
deševaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
deševěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
deševěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
deševiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
deševyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
deševaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
deševъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
deševъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
deševъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
deševyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
deševyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
deševyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
deševyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
deševyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
deševaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
deševyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
deševyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
deševyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
deševyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
deševyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
deševyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
deševiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
deševyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
deševaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *deševъ (hard)

Definite declension of *deševъ (hard)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дешевъ (deševŭ)

Belarusian: дзяшо́вы (dzjašóvy)

Russian: дешёвый (dešóvyj)

Ukrainian: деше́вий (dešévyj)


klonъ

klònъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
klònъ (nominative singular)
klonà (dual nominative)
klonì (nominative plural)
klonà (genitive singular)
klonù (dual genitive)
klònъ (genitive plural)
klonù (dative singular)
klonòma (dative dual)
klonòmъ (dative plural)
klònъ (accusative singular)
klonà (accusative dual)
klonỳ (accusative plural)
klonъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
klonòmь (instrumental singular)
klonòma (dual instrumental)
klòny (instrumental plural)
kloně̀ (locative singular)
klonù (dual locative)
klòněxъ (locative plural)
klone (singular vocative)
klonà (dual vocative)
klonì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: клон (klon) (dialectal)

q

Russian: клон (klon) (in North-Eastern dialects (Vologda, Arkhangelsk))

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: клон (klon, “proclivity”) (dialectal, attested in folk songs)

Slovene: klòn (“inclination”) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

desc

Czech: klon (“bend, fold; proclivity; cell”) (dialectal)

Polish: kłon (“bow”) (dialectal)

Sorbian:

⇒ Lower Sorbian: kłonk (“cell, case”)

⇒ Upper Sorbian: kłónk (“cell”)

Akin to Lithuanian klãnas (“puddle, depression”), klõnis (“vale”), dial. Latvian klans (“meadow, puddle”), possibly inherited from common Proto-Balto-Slavic *klánas (“bend, fold”) (met with slight reservation by Trubačev). Further origin perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kel- (“to crook”), however, compare also Proto-Slavic *slonъ (“offset, protrusion”), considered a doublet by Mladenov (evincing for possibe dialectal variation *kl- ~ *ḱl-).


klonъ

klonъ (nominative singular)
klona (dual nominative)
kloni (nominative plural)
klona (genitive singular)
klonu (dual genitive)
klonъ (genitive plural)
klonu (dative singular)
klonoma (dative dual)
klonomъ (dative plural)
klonъ (accusative singular)
klona (accusative dual)
klony (accusative plural)
klonъmь (instrumental singular)
klonomь (instrumental singular)
klonoma (dual instrumental)
klony (instrumental plural)
kloně (locative singular)
klonu (dual locative)
kloněxъ (locative plural)
klone (singular vocative)
klona (dual vocative)
kloni (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: клон (klon)

q

could be borrowed from Ancient Greek <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">κλών</i> (klṓn)

>? Macedonian: клон (klon, “filial”) (could be borrowed from Ancient Greek κλών (klṓn))

West Slavic:

Czech: klon (dialectal)

⇒ Czech: kloník (“bough”) (dialectal)

Per Mladenov, Skok, Vasmer: related to Etymology 1, probably postverbal from Proto-Slavic *kloniti (“to diverge, to arch outwards”). Has been also compared to Ancient Greek κλών (klṓn, “twig”), but per Trubačev (ESSJa) borrowing is unlikely.


čьrmьnъ

čь̑rmьnъ (canonical)
čьrmьnъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
čьrmьna (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
čьrmьno (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
čьrmьna (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
čьrmьny (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
čьrmьna (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
čьrmьnu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
čьrmьně (dative feminine indefinite singular)
čьrmьnu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
čьrmьnъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
čьrmьnǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
čьrmьno (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
čьrmьnomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
čьrmьnojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
čьrmьnomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
čьrmьně (indefinite locative masculine singular)
čьrmьně (feminine indefinite locative singular)
čьrmьně (indefinite locative neuter singular)
čьrmьne (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
čьrmьno (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
čьrmьno (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
čьrmьna (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
čьrmьně (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
čьrmьně (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
čьrmьnu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
čьrmьnu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
čьrmьnu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
čьrmьnoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
čьrmьnama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
čьrmьnoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
čьrmьna (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
čьrmьně (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
čьrmьně (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
čьrmьnoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
čьrmьnama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
čьrmьnoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
čьrmьnu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
čьrmьnu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
čьrmьnu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
čьrmьna (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
čьrmьně (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
čьrmьně (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
čьrmьni (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
čьrmьny (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
čьrmьna (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
čьrmьnъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
čьrmьnъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
čьrmьnъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
čьrmьnomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
čьrmьnamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
čьrmьnomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
čьrmьny (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
čьrmьny (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
čьrmьna (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
čьrmьny (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
čьrmьnami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
čьrmьny (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
čьrmьněxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
čьrmьnaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
čьrmьněxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
čьrmьni (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
čьrmьny (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
čьrmьna (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
čьrmьnъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
čьrmьnaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
čьrmьnoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
čьrmьnajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
čьrmьnyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
čьrmьnajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
čьrmьnujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
čьrmьněji (dative definite feminine singular)
čьrmьnujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
čьrmьnъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
čьrmьnǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
čьrmьnoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
čьrmьnyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
čьrmьnǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
čьrmьnyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
čьrmьnějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
čьrmьněji (definite feminine locative singular)
čьrmьnějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
čьrmьnъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
čьrmьnaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
čьrmьnoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
čьrmьnaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
čьrmьněji (definite dual feminine nominative)
čьrmьněji (definite dual neuter nominative)
čьrmьnuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
čьrmьnuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
čьrmьnuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
čьrmьnyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
čьrmьnyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
čьrmьnyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
čьrmьnaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
čьrmьněji (accusative definite dual feminine)
čьrmьněji (accusative definite dual neuter)
čьrmьnyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
čьrmьnyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
čьrmьnyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
čьrmьnuju (definite dual locative masculine)
čьrmьnuju (definite dual feminine locative)
čьrmьnuju (definite dual locative neuter)
čьrmьnaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
čьrmьněji (definite dual feminine vocative)
čьrmьněji (definite dual neuter vocative)
čьrmьniji (definite masculine nominative plural)
čьrmьnyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
čьrmьnaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
čьrmьnъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
čьrmьnъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
čьrmьnъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
čьrmьnyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
čьrmьnyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
čьrmьnyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
čьrmьnyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
čьrmьnyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
čьrmьnaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
čьrmьnyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
čьrmьnyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
čьrmьnyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
čьrmьnyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
čьrmьnyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
čьrmьnyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
čьrmьniji (definite masculine plural vocative)
čьrmьnyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
čьrmьnaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *čьrmьnъ (hard)

Definite declension of *čьrmьnъ (hard)

East Slavic:

desc

Russian: черемно́й (čeremnój), черёмный (čerjómnyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: чрьмьнъ (črĭmĭnŭ)

Serbo-Croatian: crman

West Slavic:

Czech: čermný, črmný

Polish: czermny


dyňa

dỳňa (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
dỳňa (nominative singular)
dỳňi (dual nominative)
dỳňę̇ (nominative plural)
dỳňę̇ (genitive singular)
dỳňu (dual genitive)
dỳňь (genitive plural)
dỳňī (dative singular)
dỳňama (dative dual)
dỳňāmъ (dative plural)
dỳňǫ (accusative singular)
dỳňi (accusative dual)
dỳňę̇ (accusative plural)
dỳňējǫ (instrumental singular)
dỳňǭ (instrumental singular)
dỳňama (dual instrumental)
dỳňāmī (instrumental plural)
dỳňī (locative singular)
dỳňu (dual locative)
dỳňāsъ (locative plural)
dỳňe (singular vocative)
dỳňi (dual vocative)
dỳňę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дꙑнꙗ (dynja)

Belarusian: ды́ня (dýnja)

Russian: ды́ня (dýnja)

Carpathian Rusyn: ди́ня (dýnja, “watermelon”)

Ukrainian: ди́ня (dýnja)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ди́ня (dínja, “melon (in Western Bulgaria), watermelon (in Eastern Bulgaria)”)

Macedonian: диња (dinja)

Serbo-Croatian: dȉnja

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: dínja, dȋnja (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dýně (“pumpkin”)

Czech: dýně (“pumpkin”)

Polish: dynia (“pumpkin”)

Old Slovak:

Pannonian Rusyn: диня (dinja)

Others:

Hungarian: dinnye

From earlier *kъdyňa, from Latin māla cydōnia, from Ancient Greek κυδώνιον (μῆλον) (kudṓnion (mêlon), “quince”).

der

κυδώνιον (μῆλον)


tьlo

tьlò (canonical neuter)
b (accent-paradigm)
tьlò (nominative singular)
tь̀lě (dual nominative)
tьlà (nominative plural)
tьlà (genitive singular)
tьlù (dual genitive)
tь̀lъ (genitive plural)
tьlù (dative singular)
tьlòma (dative dual)
tьlòmъ (dative plural)
tьlò (accusative singular)
tь̀lě (accusative dual)
tьlà (accusative plural)
tьlъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
tьlòmь (instrumental singular)
tьlòma (dual instrumental)
tь̀ly (instrumental plural)
tьlě̀ (locative singular)
tьlù (dual locative)
tь̀lěxъ (locative plural)
tьlò (singular vocative)
tь̀lě (dual vocative)
tьlà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: тьло (tĭlo)

Russian: тло (tlo)

Ukrainian: тло (tlo)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: тьло (tĭlo)

Glagolitic script: ⱅⱐⰾⱁ (tĭlo)

Macedonian: тло (tlo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тло̏

Latin script: tlȍ

Slovene: tlȁ pl (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: tlo

Czech: tlo

Old Polish: tło

Polish: tło

Slovak: tlo

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: tło

Upper Sorbian: tło

Commonly listed under Proto-Indo-European *telh₂- (“ground”).


dъxъ

dъxъ (nominative singular)
dъxa (dual nominative)
dъśi (nominative plural)
dъxa (genitive singular)
dъxu (dual genitive)
dъxъ (genitive plural)
dъxu (dative singular)
dъxoma (dative dual)
dъxomъ (dative plural)
dъxъ (accusative singular)
dъxa (accusative dual)
dъxy (accusative plural)
dъxъmь (instrumental singular)
dъxomь (instrumental singular)
dъxoma (dual instrumental)
dъxy (instrumental plural)
dъśě (locative singular)
dъxu (dual locative)
dъśěxъ (locative plural)
dъše (singular vocative)
dъxa (dual vocative)
dъśi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

⇒ Russian: вдох (vdox)

Ukrainian: дох (dox)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: дъхъ (dŭxŭ)

Bulgarian: дъх (dǎh)

Serbo-Croatian: да̏х

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dech

Czech: dech

Polish: dech

Zero-grade counterpart of *duxъ (“breath, spirit”) and *dyxъ (“whiff, sniff”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰews-.


duxati

duxàti (canonical imperfective)
duxnǫti (perfective)
duxanьje (noun-from-verb)
duxati (infinitive)
duxatъ (supine)
duxalъ (l-participle)
duxanъ (participle passive past)
duxajemъ (participle passive present)
duxavъ (active participle past)
duxaję (active participle present)
duxaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
duxa (aorist second-person singular)
duxa (aorist singular third-person)
duxajǫ (first-person present singular)
duxaješi (present second-person singular)
duxajetь (present singular third-person)
duxaxově (aorist dual first-person)
duxasta (aorist dual second-person)
duxaste (aorist dual third-person)
duxajevě (dual first-person present)
duxajeta (dual present second-person)
duxajete (dual present third-person)
duxaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
duxaste (aorist plural second-person)
duxašę (aorist plural third-person)
duxajemъ (first-person plural present)
duxajete (plural present second-person)
duxajǫtь (plural present third-person)
duxaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
duxaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
duxaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
duxaji (imperative second-person singular)
duxaji (imperative singular third-person)
duxaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
duxaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
duxaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
duxajivě (dual first-person imperative)
duxajita (dual imperative second-person)
duxaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
duxaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
duxaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
duxajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
duxajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: духати (duxati)

Ukrainian: ду́хати (dúxaty) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: доухати (duxati)

Bulgarian: ду́хам (dúham)

Macedonian: дува (duva)

Serbo-Croatian: ду́хати

Slovene: dúhati

West Slavic:

Czech: douchati

Polish: duchać

Slovak: dúchat'

Factitive-iterative verb from *duxъ (“breath, sprite”) + *-ati, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰews- (“to breathe”). Related via schwebeablaut to *dvoxati (“to breathe heavily”).


komoňь

komoňь (nominative singular)
komoňa (dual nominative)
komoňi (nominative plural)
komoňa (genitive singular)
komoňu (dual genitive)
komoňь (genitive plural)
komoňu (dative singular)
komoňema (dative dual)
komoňemъ (dative plural)
komoňь (accusative singular)
komoňa (accusative dual)
komoňę̇ (accusative plural)
komoňьmь (instrumental singular)
komoňemь (instrumental singular)
komoňema (dual instrumental)
komoňi (instrumental plural)
komoňi (locative singular)
komoňu (dual locative)
komoňixъ (locative plural)
komoňu (singular vocative)
komoňa (dual vocative)
komoňi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: комонь (komonĭ)

Russian: ко́мо́нь (kómónʹ)

Ukrainian: ко́мо́нь (kómónʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: комонь (komonĭ)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: komoň

Czech: komoň (archaic, literary)

Polish: *komon- (see derived terms)

Polish: komonik, komonnik

From *kammanios, from a Celtic idiom, per Václav Blažek.


slědъ

slě̑dъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
slě̑dъ (nominative singular)
slě̑dy (dual nominative)
slě̑dove (nominative plural)
slě̑du (genitive singular)
slědovù (dual genitive)
slědòvъ (genitive plural)
slě̑dovi (dative singular)
slědъmà (dative dual)
slě̑dъmъ (dative plural)
slě̑dъ (accusative singular)
slě̑dy (accusative dual)
slě̑dy (accusative plural)
slě̑dъmь (instrumental singular)
slědъmà (dual instrumental)
slědъmì (instrumental plural)
slědú (locative singular)
slědovù (dual locative)
slě̑dъxъ (locative plural)
slědu (singular vocative)
slě̑dy (dual vocative)
slě̑dove (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: слѣдъ (slědŭ)

Old Belarusian: слѣдъ (slěd)

Belarusian: след (sljed)

Old Ukrainian: слѣдъ (slid)

Ukrainian: слід (slid)

Russian: след (sled)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: слѣдъ (slědŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⰾⱑⰴⱏ (slědŭ)

Bulgarian: следа́ (sledá)

Macedonian: следа (sleda)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сле̑д

Latin script: slȇd

Slovene: slẹ̑d (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sled

Czech: sled

Old Polish: ślad

Polish: ślad

Polabian: sľod

Slovak: sled

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: slěd

Upper Sorbian: slěd

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sláidus (“track, trace”).

inh

Marko Snoj
be:Аляксандр Мікалаевіч Булыка
uk:Гринчишин Дмитро Григорович


slьza

slьzà (canonical feminine)
c (accent-paradigm)
slьzà (nominative singular)
slь̏zě (dual nominative)
slь̏zy (nominative plural)
slьzý (genitive singular)
slьzù (dual genitive)
slь̀zъ (genitive plural)
slьzě̀ (dative singular)
slьzàma (dative dual)
slьzàmъ (dative plural)
slь̏zǫ (accusative singular)
slь̏zě (accusative dual)
slь̏zy (accusative plural)
slьzojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
slьzàma (dual instrumental)
slьzàmi (instrumental plural)
slь̏zě (locative singular)
slьzù (dual locative)
slьzàsъ (locative plural)
slьzàxъ (locative plural)
slьzo (singular vocative)
slь̏zě (dual vocative)
slь̏zy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: сльза (slĭza)
Old Ruthenian: слеза (sleza)
Belarusian: сляза́ (sljazá); сьляза́ (sʹljazá) (Taraškievica)
Carpathian Rusyn: слыза́ (slŷzá)
Ukrainian: сльоза́ (slʹozá); слеза́ (slezá), сліза́ (slizá) (dialectal)
Russian: слеза́ (slezá)

Old Novgorodian: сльꙁа (slĭza)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сльза (slĭza)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⰾⱐⰸⰰ (slĭza)

Bulgarian: сълза (sǎlza)

Macedonian: солза (solza)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: су̏за

Latin script: sȕza

Slovene: sólza (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: slza
Czech: slza

Kashubian: łza

Polabian: slåză

Old Polish: słza
Polish: łza

Slovak: slza

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: łdza

Upper Sorbian: sylza

Considered a deverbative of *slьzati (“to slip, to slide”), ultimately a form of the root Proto-Indo-European *sleydʰ- (“to slide, to lick”). As such, the semantic development has been "something that slips, slides" > "tear, (tear)drop". Related to *slizь (“slime, mucus”), compare Middle Low German slik (“slime”), German schlickern (“to slip”), Middle High German slich (“clay, silt”). Also compare Lithuanian šlusti (“to clean, to sweep”), šlakėti (“to drip”), Latvian slota (“broom”); Sanskrit सृजति (sṛjati, “discharge, emit”), Avestan 𐬯𐬭𐬀𐬯𐬐𐬀 (sraska, “tear”), Persian سرشک (serešk, “teardrop”).


slizь

slizь (nominative singular)
slizi (dual nominative)
slizi (nominative plural)
slizi (genitive singular)
slizьju (dual genitive)
slizьjь (genitive plural)
slizi (dative singular)
slizьma (dative dual)
slizьmъ (dative plural)
slizь (accusative singular)
slizi (accusative dual)
slizi (accusative plural)
slizьjǫ (instrumental singular)
slizьma (dual instrumental)
slizьmi (instrumental plural)
slizi (locative singular)
slizьju (dual locative)
slizьxъ (locative plural)
slizi (singular vocative)
slizi (dual vocative)
slizi (plural vocative)

East Slavic: слизь (slizĭ)

Belarusian: слізь (slizʹ)

Russian: слизь (slizʹ)

Ukrainian: слиз (slyz)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: слизь (slizĭ)

Bulgarian: слиз (sliz, “saliva”)

Slovene: slȋz (tonal orthography)

Continues forms of the root Proto-Indo-European *sleydʰ- (“to slide, to lick”). Akin to Proto-Germanic *slīkaz (“slick, smooth”).


slizь

slizь (nominative singular)
sliza (dual nominative)
slizi (nominative plural)
sliza (genitive singular)
slizu (dual genitive)
slizь (genitive plural)
slizu (dative singular)
slizema (dative dual)
slizemъ (dative plural)
slizь (accusative singular)
sliza (accusative dual)
slizę̇ (accusative plural)
slizьmь (instrumental singular)
slizemь (instrumental singular)
slizema (dual instrumental)
slizi (instrumental plural)
slizi (locative singular)
slizu (dual locative)
slizixъ (locative plural)
slizu (singular vocative)
sliza (dual vocative)
slizi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: слиз (sliz) (archaic)

desc

Russian: слизень (slizenʹ), слизняк (sliznjak)

Ukrainian: слиж (slyž)

West Slavic:

Czech: sliz

Polish: śliz

Slovak: slíž

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: sliž

Upper Sorbian: sliž

From an earlier *slizъ, of the same root as the i-stem. In Czech, this form has merged with the i-stem.


slizъkъ

slȋzъkъ (canonical)
slizъkъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
slizъka (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
slizъko (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
slizъka (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
slizъky (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
slizъka (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
slizъku (dative indefinite masculine singular)
slizъkě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
slizъku (dative indefinite neuter singular)
slizъkъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
slizъkǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
slizъko (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
slizъkomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
slizъkojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
slizъkomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
slizъkě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
slizъkě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
slizъkě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
slizъke (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
slizъko (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
slizъko (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
slizъka (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
slizъkě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
slizъkě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
slizъku (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
slizъku (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
slizъku (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
slizъkoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
slizъkama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
slizъkoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
slizъka (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
slizъkě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
slizъkě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
slizъkoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
slizъkama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
slizъkoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
slizъku (dual indefinite locative masculine)
slizъku (dual feminine indefinite locative)
slizъku (dual indefinite locative neuter)
slizъka (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
slizъkě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
slizъkě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
slizъki (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
slizъky (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
slizъka (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
slizъkъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
slizъkъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
slizъkъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
slizъkomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
slizъkamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
slizъkomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
slizъky (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
slizъky (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
slizъka (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
slizъky (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
slizъkami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
slizъky (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
slizъkěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
slizъkaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
slizъkěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
slizъki (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
slizъky (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
slizъka (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
slizъkъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
slizъkaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
slizъkoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
slizъkajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
slizъkyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
slizъkajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
slizъkujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
slizъkěji (dative definite feminine singular)
slizъkujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
slizъkъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
slizъkǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
slizъkoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
slizъkyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
slizъkǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
slizъkyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
slizъkějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
slizъkěji (definite feminine locative singular)
slizъkějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
slizъkъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
slizъkaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
slizъkoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
slizъkaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
slizъkěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
slizъkěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
slizъkuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
slizъkuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
slizъkuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
slizъkyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
slizъkyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
slizъkyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
slizъkaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
slizъkěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
slizъkěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
slizъkyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
slizъkyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
slizъkyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
slizъkuju (definite dual locative masculine)
slizъkuju (definite dual feminine locative)
slizъkuju (definite dual locative neuter)
slizъkaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
slizъkěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
slizъkěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
slizъkiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
slizъkyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
slizъkaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
slizъkъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
slizъkъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
slizъkъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
slizъkyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
slizъkyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
slizъkyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
slizъkyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
slizъkyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
slizъkaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
slizъkyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
slizъkyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
slizъkyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
slizъkyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
slizъkyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
slizъkyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
slizъkiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
slizъkyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
slizъkaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *slizъkъ (hard)

Definite declension of *slizъkъ (hard)

East Slavic:

Russian: сли́зкий (slízkij)

Ukrainian: слизьки́й (slyzʹkýj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: сльзъкъ (slĭzŭkŭ)

Slovene: slízek (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: slizký

Polish: śliski

Slovak: slizký


mъskъ

mъ̀skъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
mъ̀skъ (nominative singular)
mъskà (dual nominative)
mъscì (nominative plural)
mъskà (genitive singular)
mъskù (dual genitive)
mъ̀skъ (genitive plural)
mъskù (dative singular)
mъskòma (dative dual)
mъskòmъ (dative plural)
mъ̀skъ (accusative singular)
mъskà (accusative dual)
mъskỳ (accusative plural)
mъskъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
mъskòmь (instrumental singular)
mъskòma (dual instrumental)
mъ̀sky (instrumental plural)
mъscě̀ (locative singular)
mъskù (dual locative)
mъ̀scěxъ (locative plural)
mъšče (singular vocative)
mъskà (dual vocative)
mъscì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мъскъ (mŭskŭ)

Russian: меск (mesk)

Ukrainian: меск (mesk)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Church Slavonic: мьзгъ (mĭzgŭ), мьскъ (mĭskŭ)

Bulgarian: мъск (mǎsk)

Macedonian: маска (maska)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мазаг, мазак, мазг

Latin script: mazag, mazak, mazg

Slovene: mezȅg (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mesh, mzha, mezek, mezk

Czech: mezek

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: mjesk

Presumably, spreading from the South, forming an areal Balkan word for 'mule'. The relationship with Latin mulus and Ancient Greek μυχλός (mukhlós) is unclear. All these terms could have derived from an extinct Mediterranean/Near Eastern substrate.


sluzь

sluzь (nominative singular)
sluzi (dual nominative)
sluzi (nominative plural)
sluzi (genitive singular)
sluzьju (dual genitive)
sluzьjь (genitive plural)
sluzi (dative singular)
sluzьma (dative dual)
sluzьmъ (dative plural)
sluzь (accusative singular)
sluzi (accusative dual)
sluzi (accusative plural)
sluzьjǫ (instrumental singular)
sluzьma (dual instrumental)
sluzьmi (instrumental plural)
sluzi (locative singular)
sluzьju (dual locative)
sluzьxъ (locative plural)
sluzi (singular vocative)
sluzi (dual vocative)
sluzi (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: слуз (sluz), слюз (sljuz)

Macedonian: слуз (sluz)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: слу̑з

Latin script: slȗz

Slovene: slȗz

Continues forms of the root Proto-Indo-European *(s)lew- (“to sludge, to wash”). Akin to English slush.

der

(in mobile state)


sluzь

sluzь (nominative singular)
sluza (dual nominative)
sluzi (nominative plural)
sluza (genitive singular)
sluzu (dual genitive)
sluzь (genitive plural)
sluzu (dative singular)
sluzema (dative dual)
sluzemъ (dative plural)
sluzь (accusative singular)
sluza (accusative dual)
sluzę̇ (accusative plural)
sluzьmь (instrumental singular)
sluzemь (instrumental singular)
sluzema (dual instrumental)
sluzi (instrumental plural)
sluzi (locative singular)
sluzu (dual locative)
sluzixъ (locative plural)
sluzu (singular vocative)
sluza (dual vocative)
sluzi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: слуз (sluz) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: слоузъ (sluzŭ)

West Slavic:

Polish: śluz

From an earlier sluzъ, of the same origin as the i-stem. In Polish, this form has merged with the i-stem.


čьmeľь

čьmèľь (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
čьmèľь (nominative singular)
čьmeľà (dual nominative)
čьmeľì (nominative plural)
čьmeľà (genitive singular)
čьmeľù (dual genitive)
čьmèľь (genitive plural)
čьmeľù (dative singular)
čьmeľèma (dative dual)
čьmèľemъ (dative plural)
čьmèľь (accusative singular)
čьmeľà (accusative dual)
čьmeľę̇̀ (accusative plural)
čьmeľь̀mь (instrumental singular)
čьmeľèmь (instrumental singular)
čьmeľèma (dual instrumental)
čьmèľi (instrumental plural)
čьmeľì (locative singular)
čьmeľù (dual locative)
čьmèľixъ (locative plural)
čьmeľu (singular vocative)
čьmeľà (dual vocative)
čьmeľì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: чмель (čmjelʹ)

Middle Russian: шмель (šmelʹ) (17ᵗʰ c.)

Russian: шмель (šmelʹ)

desc

Ukrainian: чміль (čmilʹ), джміль (džmilʹ)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: чмѐла

Latin script: čmèla

Slovene: čmŕlj (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: čmel, čmelák

Kashubian: brzmiôl, brzmiél, grzmiôl, grzmiél

Polabian: stamil

Old Polish: czmiel

Polish: trzmiel

Slovak: čmeľ

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: tśmjel

Upper Sorbian: čmjeła

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kimelаs, from Proto-Indo-European km̥H-el-i-, probably onomatopoeic from a root *kemH- (“to hum”) + *-eľь.
Cognate with Lithuanian kamanė (“bumblebee”), Latvian kamene (“bumblebee”), Old Prussian camus (“bumblebee”), Proto-Germanic *humelaz (“bumblebee”).


zvonъ

zvȍnъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
zvȍnъ (nominative singular)
zvȍna (dual nominative)
zvȍni (nominative plural)
zvȍna (genitive singular)
zvonù (dual genitive)
zvònъ (genitive plural)
zvȍnu (dative singular)
zvonomà (dative dual)
zvonòmъ (dative plural)
zvȍnъ (accusative singular)
zvȍna (accusative dual)
zvȍny (accusative plural)
zvȍnъmь (instrumental singular)
zvȍnomь (instrumental singular)
zvonomà (dual instrumental)
zvoný (instrumental plural)
zvȍně (locative singular)
zvonù (dual locative)
zvoně̃xъ (locative plural)
zvone (singular vocative)
zvȍna (dual vocative)
zvȍni (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: звонъ (zvonŭ)

Old Ruthenian: звонъ (zvon)

Belarusian: звон (zvon)

Carpathian Rusyn: звӱн (zvün)

Ukrainian: дзвін (dzvin), звін (zvin)

Russian: звон (zvon)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: звонъ (zvonŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰸⰲⱁⱀⱏ (zvonŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: зво̏н

Latin script: zvȍn

Slovene: zvọ̑n (tonal orthography)

Rovte dialect (Črni vrh, Idrija): zγȗən

West Slavic:

Old Czech: zvon

Czech: zvon

Old Polish: zwon
Polish: dzwon

Slovak: zvon

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: zwón

Lower Sorbian: zwón

Non-Slavic:

→ Lithuanian: zvãnas

→ Latvian: zvans

Pokorny reconstructs the root as Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰwon- (whence Albanian zë), however Derksen holds that the root *swenh₂- (whence Latin sonus) must be considered a serious alternative.


sъkati

sъkanьje (noun-from-verb)
sъkati (infinitive)
sъkatъ (supine)
sъkalъ (l-participle)
sъkanъ (participle passive past)
sъkomъ (participle passive present)
sъkavъ (active participle past)
sъky (active participle present)
sъkaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sъka (aorist second-person singular)
sъka (aorist singular third-person)
sъkǫ (first-person present singular)
sъčeši (present second-person singular)
sъčetь (present singular third-person)
sъkaxově (aorist dual first-person)
sъkasta (aorist dual second-person)
sъkaste (aorist dual third-person)
sъčevě (dual first-person present)
sъčeta (dual present second-person)
sъčete (dual present third-person)
sъkaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sъkaste (aorist plural second-person)
sъkašę (aorist plural third-person)
sъčemъ (first-person plural present)
sъčete (plural present second-person)
sъkǫtь (plural present third-person)
sъkaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sъkaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sъkaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sъci (imperative second-person singular)
sъci (imperative singular third-person)
sъkaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sъkaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sъkaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sъcěvě (dual first-person imperative)
sъcěta (dual imperative second-person)
sъkaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sъkaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sъkaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sъcěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
sъcěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: съкати (sŭkati)

Russian: скать (skatʹ)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: skáti

From Proto-Indo-European *suk-é-ti, from *sewk-. Cognate with Lithuanian sùkti (“to twist”), Proto-Germanic *swanhaną (“to swing”) (whence English sway, Dutch zwaaien (“to sway, wave”)).


sukati

sukàti (canonical)
sukanьje (noun-from-verb)
sukati (infinitive)
sukatъ (supine)
sukalъ (l-participle)
sukanъ (participle passive past)
sukajemъ (participle passive present)
sukavъ (active participle past)
sukaję (active participle present)
sukaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
suka (aorist second-person singular)
suka (aorist singular third-person)
sukajǫ (first-person present singular)
sukaješi (present second-person singular)
sukajetь (present singular third-person)
sukaxově (aorist dual first-person)
sukasta (aorist dual second-person)
sukaste (aorist dual third-person)
sukajevě (dual first-person present)
sukajeta (dual present second-person)
sukajete (dual present third-person)
sukaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sukaste (aorist plural second-person)
sukašę (aorist plural third-person)
sukajemъ (first-person plural present)
sukajete (plural present second-person)
sukajǫtь (plural present third-person)
sukaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sukaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sukaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sukaji (imperative second-person singular)
sukaji (imperative singular third-person)
sukaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sukaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sukaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sukajivě (dual first-person imperative)
sukajita (dual imperative second-person)
sukaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sukaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sukaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sukajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sukajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

Russian: сука́ть (sukátʹ)

Ukrainian: сука́ти (sukáty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: су́ча (súča), су́кам (súkam) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: су́кати

Latin script: súkati

Slovene: súkati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: súkati

Czech: soukat

Old Polish: sukać

Slovak: súkať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: sukaś

Upper Sorbian: sukać


svarъ

svãrъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
svãrъ (nominative singular)
svārà (dual nominative)
svārì (nominative plural)
svārà (genitive singular)
svārù (dual genitive)
svãrъ (genitive plural)
svārù (dative singular)
svāròma (dative dual)
svāròmъ (dative plural)
svãrъ (accusative singular)
svārà (accusative dual)
svārỳ (accusative plural)
svārъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
svāròmь (instrumental singular)
svāròma (dual instrumental)
svãry (instrumental plural)
svārě̀ (locative singular)
svārù (dual locative)
svãrěxъ (locative plural)
svare (singular vocative)
svārà (dual vocative)
svārì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сваръ (svarŭ)

Russian: свара (svara)

Ukrainian: свар (svar)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сваръ (svarŭ)

Unspecified script:

Slovene: svȃr (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: svár

Czech: svár

Old Polish: swar

Polish: swar

Slovak: svár

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: swar

Upper Sorbian: swaŕ

From Proto-Indo-European *swer-. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *swōraz.


grakati

gràkati (canonical)
grakanьje (noun-from-verb)
grakati (infinitive)
grakatъ (supine)
grakalъ (l-participle)
grakanъ (participle passive past)
grakajemъ (participle passive present)
grakavъ (active participle past)
grakaję (active participle present)
grakaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
graka (aorist second-person singular)
graka (aorist singular third-person)
grakajǫ (first-person present singular)
grakaješi (present second-person singular)
grakajetь (present singular third-person)
grakaxově (aorist dual first-person)
grakasta (aorist dual second-person)
grakaste (aorist dual third-person)
grakajevě (dual first-person present)
grakajeta (dual present second-person)
grakajete (dual present third-person)
grakaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
grakaste (aorist plural second-person)
grakašę (aorist plural third-person)
grakajemъ (first-person plural present)
grakajete (plural present second-person)
grakajǫtь (plural present third-person)
grakaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
grakaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
grakaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
grakaji (imperative second-person singular)
grakaji (imperative singular third-person)
grakaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
grakaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
grakaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
grakajivě (dual first-person imperative)
grakajita (dual imperative second-person)
grakaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
grakaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
grakaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
grakajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
grakajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гракати (grakati)

Russian: гра́кать (grákatʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Church Slavonic (Russian recension): гракати (grakati)

Bulgarian: гра́кам (grákam)

Macedonian: грака (graka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гра́кати

Latin script: grákati

Slovene: grȃkati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Polish: grakać (dialectal)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: grakaś

Compare Latin grāculus (“jackdaw”), English croak.


grakъ

grakъ (nominative singular)
graka (dual nominative)
graci (nominative plural)
graka (genitive singular)
graku (dual genitive)
grakъ (genitive plural)
graku (dative singular)
grakoma (dative dual)
grakomъ (dative plural)
grakъ (accusative singular)
graka (accusative dual)
graky (accusative plural)
grakъmь (instrumental singular)
grakomь (instrumental singular)
grakoma (dual instrumental)
graky (instrumental plural)
gracě (locative singular)
graku (dual locative)
gracěxъ (locative plural)
grače (singular vocative)
graka (dual vocative)
graci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

Belarusian: грак (hrak)

Ukrainian: грак (hrak)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: грак (grak), гра́ка (gráka) (dialectal)

Macedonian: грак (grak)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гра̑к, гра̏ка

Latin script: grȃk, grȁka

Slovene: gráka (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Polish: grak (dialectal)

From *grati (“to play music”) + *-kъ, onomatopoeic in nature. Probably related to Proto-Indo-European *greh₂- (“to cry”).

onomatopoeic

onomatopoeic


skokъ

skòkъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
skòkъ (nominative singular)
skokà (dual nominative)
skocì (nominative plural)
skokà (genitive singular)
skokù (dual genitive)
skòkъ (genitive plural)
skokù (dative singular)
skokòma (dative dual)
skokòmъ (dative plural)
skòkъ (accusative singular)
skokà (accusative dual)
skokỳ (accusative plural)
skokъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
skokòmь (instrumental singular)
skokòma (dual instrumental)
skòky (instrumental plural)
skocě̀ (locative singular)
skokù (dual locative)
skòcěxъ (locative plural)
skoče (singular vocative)
skokà (dual vocative)
skocì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: скокъ (skokŭ)

Russian: скок (skok)

Ukrainian: скік (skik)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: скок (skok)

Macedonian: скок (skok)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ско̑к

Latin script: skȏk

Slovene: skȍk (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: skok

Czech: skok

Polabian: skük

Polish: skok

Slovak: skok

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: skok

Upper Sorbian: skok

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *skakas, from Proto-Indo-European *skok-ó-s (“shock, leap”), from *skek- (“to leap”). Akin to English shake and German schicken.


grěnь

grě̑nь (canonical feminine)
c (accent-paradigm)
grě̑nь (nominative singular)
grě̑ni (dual nominative)
grě̑ni (nominative plural)
grění (genitive singular)
grěnьjù (dual genitive)
grěnь̀jь (genitive plural)
grě̑ni (dative singular)
grěnьmà (dative dual)
grě̑nьmъ (dative plural)
grě̑nь (accusative singular)
grě̑ni (accusative dual)
grě̑ni (accusative plural)
grěnьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
grěnьmà (dual instrumental)
grěnьmì (instrumental plural)
grění (locative singular)
grěnьjù (dual locative)
grě̑nьxъ (locative plural)
grěni (singular vocative)
grě̑ni (dual vocative)
grě̑ni (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: грянь (hrjanʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: гран (gran, “rot”) (dialectal)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: grẹ̑n, grének (tonal orthography)

From *grěti (“to heat”) + *-nь. Possibly akin to Latin rēn (“kidney”), Ancient Greek φρήν (phrḗn, “midriff, heart, seat of emotions”).


žarъ

žãrъ (canonical)
žȃrъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
žãrъ (nominative singular)
žārà (dual nominative)
žārì (nominative plural)
žārà (genitive singular)
žārù (dual genitive)
žãrъ (genitive plural)
žārù (dative singular)
žāròma (dative dual)
žāròmъ (dative plural)
žãrъ (accusative singular)
žārà (accusative dual)
žārỳ (accusative plural)
žārъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
žāròmь (instrumental singular)
žāròma (dual instrumental)
žãry (instrumental plural)
žārě̀ (locative singular)
žārù (dual locative)
žãrěxъ (locative plural)
žare (singular vocative)
žārà (dual vocative)
žārì (plural vocative)
c (accent-paradigm)
žȃrъ (nominative singular)
žȃra (dual nominative)
žȃri (nominative plural)
žȃra (genitive singular)
žarù (dual genitive)
žãrъ (genitive plural)
žȃru (dative singular)
žaromà (dative dual)
žaròmъ (dative plural)
žȃrъ (accusative singular)
žȃra (accusative dual)
žȃry (accusative plural)
žȃrъmь (instrumental singular)
žȃromь (instrumental singular)
žaromà (dual instrumental)
žarý (instrumental plural)
žȃrě (locative singular)
žarù (dual locative)
žarě̃xъ (locative plural)
žare (singular vocative)
žȃra (dual vocative)
žȃri (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: жаръ (žarŭ)

Old Ruthenian: жаръ (žar)

Belarusian: жар (žar)

Ukrainian: жар (žar)

desctree

Russian: жар (žar)
→ Ingrian: žaaru
→ Kildin Sami: жоарр (žårr)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: жар (žar)

Macedonian: жар (žar)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жа̑р

Latin script: žȃr

Slovene: žȃr (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: žár

Old Polish: żar

Polish: żar

Slovak: žiar

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: žar

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: zsarátnok

→ Romanian: jar

From an earlier *žěrъ < *gērъ, likely a re-analyzed form of the s-stem Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰéros. Akin to Old Armenian ջեր (ǰer), Ancient Greek θέρος (théros), Vedic Sanskrit हरस् (háras).


naskakati

naskakanьje (noun-from-verb)
naskakati (infinitive)
naskakatъ (supine)
naskakalъ (l-participle)
naskakanъ (participle passive past)
naskakajemъ (participle passive present)
naskakavъ (active participle past)
naskakaję (active participle present)
naskakaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
naskaka (aorist second-person singular)
naskaka (aorist singular third-person)
naskakajǫ (first-person present singular)
naskakaješi (present second-person singular)
naskakajetь (present singular third-person)
naskakaxově (aorist dual first-person)
naskakasta (aorist dual second-person)
naskakaste (aorist dual third-person)
naskakajevě (dual first-person present)
naskakajeta (dual present second-person)
naskakajete (dual present third-person)
naskakaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
naskakaste (aorist plural second-person)
naskakašę (aorist plural third-person)
naskakajemъ (first-person plural present)
naskakajete (plural present second-person)
naskakajǫtь (plural present third-person)
naskakaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
naskakaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
naskakaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
naskakaji (imperative second-person singular)
naskakaji (imperative singular third-person)
naskakaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
naskakaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
naskakaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
naskakajivě (dual first-person imperative)
naskakajita (dual imperative second-person)
naskakaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
naskakaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
naskakaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
naskakajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
naskakajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: наскакати (naskakati)

Belarusian: наскака́цца (naskakácca)

Russian: наскака́ть (naskakátʹ)

Ukrainian: наскака́ти (naskakáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

desc

Old Cyrillic script: наскакати (naskakati)

Glagolitic script: ⱀⰰⱄⰽⰰⰽⰰⱅⰹ (naskakati)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: наскака́ти

Latin script: naskákati

Slovene: snaskȃkati

West Slavic:

Czech: naskákati

Polish: naskakać

Slovak: naskákať

Slovincian: naskakac


běliti

běľenьje (noun-from-verb)
běliti (infinitive)
bělitъ (supine)
bělilъ (l-participle)
běľenъ (participle passive past)
bělimъ (participle passive present)
běľь (active participle past)
bělę (active participle present)
bělixъ (aorist first-person singular)
běli (aorist second-person singular)
běli (aorist singular third-person)
běľǫ (first-person present singular)
běliši (present second-person singular)
bělitь (present singular third-person)
bělixově (aorist dual first-person)
bělista (aorist dual second-person)
běliste (aorist dual third-person)
bělivě (dual first-person present)
bělita (dual present second-person)
bělite (dual present third-person)
bělixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
běliste (aorist plural second-person)
bělišę (aorist plural third-person)
bělimъ (first-person plural present)
bělite (plural present second-person)
bělętь (plural present third-person)
běľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
běľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
běľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
běli (imperative second-person singular)
běli (imperative singular third-person)
běľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
běľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
běľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bělivě (dual first-person imperative)
bělita (dual imperative second-person)
běľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
běľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
běľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bělimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bělite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: бѣлити (běliti)

Belarusian: бялі́ць (bjalícʹ)

Russian: бели́ть (belítʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: билїц (byljic)

Old Ukrainian: бѣлити (biliti)

Ukrainian: біли́ти (bilýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: бѣлити (běliti)

Glagolitic script: ⰱⱑⰾⰹⱅⰹ (běliti)

Bulgarian: бе́ля (bélja)

Macedonian: бели (beli)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бе́лити

Latin script: béliti

Slovene: béliti

West Slavic:

Czech: bělit

Polabian: belĕt

Polish: bielić

Slovak: bieliť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: běliś

Upper Sorbian: bělić


otъskakati

otъskakanьje (noun-from-verb)
otъskakati (infinitive)
otъskakatъ (supine)
otъskakalъ (l-participle)
otъskakanъ (participle passive past)
otъskakajemъ (participle passive present)
otъskakavъ (active participle past)
otъskakaję (active participle present)
otъskakaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
otъskaka (aorist second-person singular)
otъskaka (aorist singular third-person)
otъskakajǫ (first-person present singular)
otъskakaješi (present second-person singular)
otъskakajetь (present singular third-person)
otъskakaxově (aorist dual first-person)
otъskakasta (aorist dual second-person)
otъskakaste (aorist dual third-person)
otъskakajevě (dual first-person present)
otъskakajeta (dual present second-person)
otъskakajete (dual present third-person)
otъskakaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
otъskakaste (aorist plural second-person)
otъskakašę (aorist plural third-person)
otъskakajemъ (first-person plural present)
otъskakajete (plural present second-person)
otъskakajǫtь (plural present third-person)
otъskakaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
otъskakaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
otъskakaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
otъskakaji (imperative second-person singular)
otъskakaji (imperative singular third-person)
otъskakaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
otъskakaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
otъskakaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
otъskakajivě (dual first-person imperative)
otъskakajita (dual imperative second-person)
otъskakaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
otъskakaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
otъskakaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
otъskakajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
otъskakajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: отъскакати (otŭskakati)

Belarusian: адскака́ць (adskakácʹ)

Russian: отскака́ть (otskakátʹ)

Ukrainian: відскака́ти (vidskakáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: отъскакати (otŭskakati)

Glagolitic script: ⱁⱅⱏⱄⰽⰰⰽⰰⱅⰹ (otŭskakati)

Bulgarian: отска́чам (otskáčam)

Macedonian: отскака (otskaka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: одска́кати

Latin script: odskákati

Slovene: odskakati

West Slavic:

Old Czech: otskákati

Czech: odskákati

Polish: odskakać

Slovak: odsákať

Slovincian: wôtskakac

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wotskakać


želsti

želdenьje (noun-from-verb)
želsti (infinitive)
želstъ (supine)
želdlъ (l-participle)
želdenъ (participle passive past)
želdomъ (participle passive present)
želdъ (active participle past)
želdy (active participle present)
želdъ (aorist first-person singular)
želdoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
želde (aorist second-person singular)
želde (aorist singular third-person)
želdǫ (first-person present singular)
želdeši (present second-person singular)
želdetь (present singular third-person)
želdově (aorist dual first-person)
želdoxově (aorist dual first-person)
želdeta (aorist dual second-person)
želdosta (aorist dual second-person)
želdete (aorist dual third-person)
želdoste (aorist dual third-person)
želdevě (dual first-person present)
želdeta (dual present second-person)
želdete (dual present third-person)
želdomъ (aorist first-person plural)
želdoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
želdete (aorist plural second-person)
želdoste (aorist plural second-person)
želdǫ (aorist plural third-person)
želdošę (aorist plural third-person)
želdemъ (first-person plural present)
želdete (plural present second-person)
želdǫtь (plural present third-person)
želděaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
želděaše (imperfect second-person singular)
želděaše (imperfect singular third-person)
želdi (imperative second-person singular)
želdi (imperative singular third-person)
želděaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
želděašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
želděašete (dual imperfect third-person)
želděvě (dual first-person imperative)
želděta (dual imperative second-person)
želděaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
želděašete (imperfect plural second-person)
želděaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
želděmъ (first-person imperative plural)
želděte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: желести (želesti)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: жлѣсти (žlěsti), жласти (žlasti)

Bulgarian: жла́дя (žládja, “to deprive”) (archaic)

Akin to or possibly borrowed from Proto-Germanic *geldaną (“to yield, to pay”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeldʰ-.


polnъ

pȏlnъ (canonical)
polnъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
polna (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
polno (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
polna (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
polny (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
polna (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
polnu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
polně (dative feminine indefinite singular)
polnu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
polnъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
polnǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
polno (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
polnomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
polnojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
polnomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
polně (indefinite locative masculine singular)
polně (feminine indefinite locative singular)
polně (indefinite locative neuter singular)
polne (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
polno (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
polno (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
polna (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
polně (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
polně (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
polnu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
polnu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
polnu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
polnoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
polnama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
polnoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
polna (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
polně (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
polně (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
polnoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
polnama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
polnoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
polnu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
polnu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
polnu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
polna (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
polně (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
polně (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
polni (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
polny (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
polna (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
polnъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
polnъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
polnъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
polnomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
polnamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
polnomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
polny (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
polny (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
polna (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
polny (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
polnami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
polny (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
polněxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
polnaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
polněxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
polni (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
polny (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
polna (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
polnъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
polnaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
polnoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
polnajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
polnyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
polnajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
polnujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
polněji (dative definite feminine singular)
polnujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
polnъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
polnǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
polnoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
polnyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
polnǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
polnyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
polnějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
polněji (definite feminine locative singular)
polnějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
polnъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
polnaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
polnoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
polnaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
polněji (definite dual feminine nominative)
polněji (definite dual neuter nominative)
polnuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
polnuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
polnuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
polnyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
polnyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
polnyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
polnaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
polněji (accusative definite dual feminine)
polněji (accusative definite dual neuter)
polnyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
polnyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
polnyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
polnuju (definite dual locative masculine)
polnuju (definite dual feminine locative)
polnuju (definite dual locative neuter)
polnaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
polněji (definite dual feminine vocative)
polněji (definite dual neuter vocative)
polniji (definite masculine nominative plural)
polnyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
polnaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
polnъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
polnъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
polnъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
polnyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
polnyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
polnyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
polnyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
polnyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
polnaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
polnyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
polnyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
polnyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
polnyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
polnyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
polnyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
polniji (definite masculine plural vocative)
polnyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
polnaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *polnъ (hard)

Definite declension of *polnъ (hard)

South Slavic:

Slovene: plȃn (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: planý

Czech: planý

Old Polish: płony

Polish: płonny

Slovak: planý

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: płony

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *palˀnas, from Proto-Indo-European *polh₂-no-s, metathesis of *ploh₂-no-s, from *pleh₂- (“flat”). Baltic cognates include Latvian plāns (“thin, delicate, poor”), Lithuanian plónas (“thin, delicate, rare”).


blǫdьnъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *blǫdьnъ (hard)

Definite declension of *blǫdьnъ (hard)

blǫdьnъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
blǫdьna (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
blǫdьno (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
blǫdьna (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
blǫdьny (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
blǫdьna (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
blǫdьnu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
blǫdьně (dative feminine indefinite singular)
blǫdьnu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
blǫdьnъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
blǫdьnǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
blǫdьno (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
blǫdьnomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
blǫdьnojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
blǫdьnomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
blǫdьně (indefinite locative masculine singular)
blǫdьně (feminine indefinite locative singular)
blǫdьně (indefinite locative neuter singular)
blǫdьne (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
blǫdьno (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
blǫdьno (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
blǫdьna (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
blǫdьně (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
blǫdьně (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
blǫdьnu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
blǫdьnu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
blǫdьnu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
blǫdьnoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
blǫdьnama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
blǫdьnoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
blǫdьna (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
blǫdьně (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
blǫdьně (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
blǫdьnoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
blǫdьnama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
blǫdьnoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
blǫdьnu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
blǫdьnu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
blǫdьnu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
blǫdьna (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
blǫdьně (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
blǫdьně (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
blǫdьni (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
blǫdьny (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
blǫdьna (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
blǫdьnъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
blǫdьnъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
blǫdьnъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
blǫdьnomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
blǫdьnamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
blǫdьnomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
blǫdьny (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
blǫdьny (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
blǫdьna (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
blǫdьny (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
blǫdьnami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
blǫdьny (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
blǫdьněxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
blǫdьnaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
blǫdьněxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
blǫdьni (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
blǫdьny (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
blǫdьna (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
blǫdьnъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
blǫdьnaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
blǫdьnoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
blǫdьnajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
blǫdьnyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
blǫdьnajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
blǫdьnujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
blǫdьněji (dative definite feminine singular)
blǫdьnujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
blǫdьnъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
blǫdьnǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
blǫdьnoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
blǫdьnyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
blǫdьnǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
blǫdьnyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
blǫdьnějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
blǫdьněji (definite feminine locative singular)
blǫdьnějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
blǫdьnъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
blǫdьnaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
blǫdьnoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
blǫdьnaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
blǫdьněji (definite dual feminine nominative)
blǫdьněji (definite dual neuter nominative)
blǫdьnuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
blǫdьnuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
blǫdьnuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
blǫdьnyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
blǫdьnyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
blǫdьnyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
blǫdьnaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
blǫdьněji (accusative definite dual feminine)
blǫdьněji (accusative definite dual neuter)
blǫdьnyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
blǫdьnyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
blǫdьnyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
blǫdьnuju (definite dual locative masculine)
blǫdьnuju (definite dual feminine locative)
blǫdьnuju (definite dual locative neuter)
blǫdьnaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
blǫdьněji (definite dual feminine vocative)
blǫdьněji (definite dual neuter vocative)
blǫdьniji (definite masculine nominative plural)
blǫdьnyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
blǫdьnaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
blǫdьnъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
blǫdьnъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
blǫdьnъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
blǫdьnyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
blǫdьnyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
blǫdьnyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
blǫdьnyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
blǫdьnyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
blǫdьnaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
blǫdьnyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
blǫdьnyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
blǫdьnyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
blǫdьnyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
blǫdьnyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
blǫdьnyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
blǫdьniji (definite masculine plural vocative)
blǫdьnyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
blǫdьnaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: блѫдьнъ (blǫdĭnŭ), блудьнъ (bludĭnŭ)

Old Ruthenian: блудный (bludnyj)

Belarusian: блу́дны (blúdny)

Ukrainian: блу́дний (blúdnyj)

Russian: блу́дный (blúdnyj)

→ Finnish: lutka

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: блѫдьнъ (blǫdĭnŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰱⰾⱘⰴⱐⱀⱏ (blǫdĭnŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: блу̑дан

Latin script: blȗdan

Slovene: blóden

West Slavic:

Czech: bludný

Kashubian: błãdny

Polish: błędny

Old Slovak: bludný

Pannonian Rusyn: блудни (bludni)

Slovak: bludný

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: błudny

Upper Sorbian: błudny


polnina

polninà (canonical feminine)
polninà (nominative singular)
polnině (dual nominative)
polniny (nominative plural)
polniny (genitive singular)
polninu (dual genitive)
polninъ (genitive plural)
polnině (dative singular)
polninama (dative dual)
polninamъ (dative plural)
polninǫ (accusative singular)
polnině (accusative dual)
polniny (accusative plural)
polninojǫ (instrumental singular)
polninǫ (instrumental singular)
polninama (dual instrumental)
polninami (instrumental plural)
polnině (locative singular)
polninu (dual locative)
polninasъ (locative plural)
polninaxъ (locative plural)
polnino (singular vocative)
polnině (dual vocative)
polniny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: полони́на (polonýna)

→ Polish: połonina

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: планина (planina)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⰾⰰⱀⰺⱀⰰ (planina)

Macedonian: планина (planina)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пла̀нина

Latin script: plànina

Slovene: planína

West Slavic:

Old Czech: planina

Czech: planina

Moravian (Mistřice): pu̯aňina

Old Polish: płonina

Polish: płonina (“bare land”)

Slovak: planina

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: płonina

Lower Sorbian: płonina