-vъ

-vъ (nominative singular)
-va (dual nominative)
-vi (nominative plural)
-va (genitive singular)
-vu (dual genitive)
-vъ (genitive plural)
-vu (dative singular)
-voma (dative dual)
-vomъ (dative plural)
-vъ (accusative singular)
-va (accusative dual)
-vy (accusative plural)
-vъmь (instrumental singular)
-vomь (instrumental singular)
-voma (dual instrumental)
-vy (instrumental plural)
-vě (locative singular)
-vu (dual locative)
-věxъ (locative plural)
-ve (singular vocative)
-va (dual vocative)
-vi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: -въ (-vŭ)

Belarusian: -в (-v)

Russian: -в (-v), -вый (-vyj)

Ukrainian: -в (-v), -вий (-vyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: -въ (-vŭ)

Glagolitic: -ⰲⱏ (-vŭ)

Bulgarian: -в (-v)

Macedonian: -в (-v)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -в

Latin script: -v

Slovene: -v

West Slavic:

Czech: -ví

Polish: -wy

Slovak: -v

grěti (“to heat, to shine”) → *grěvъ (“warming, shining”)

pěti (“to sing”) → *pěvъ (“couplet, refrain (of a song)”)

zijati (“to gape”) → *zěvъ (“gullet, pharynx”)

po (“on”) + *kryti (“to hide, to cover”) → *pokryvъ (“roof, ceiling”)

ryti (“to dig”) → *ryvъ (“burst”)

Deverbal, forming "factive" action nouns from imperfect verbs

glijati (“to mix clay and water”) → *glěvъ (“slime”)

gňiti (“to gnaw”) → *gněvъ (“anger”)

possibly *merti (“to die”) → *morvъ (“ant”) (former i-stem)

verti (“to turn, to curve”) → *vьrvь (“rope”) (i-stem)

dьržati (“to hold”) → *dьržava (“state”) (ā-stem)

piti (“to drink”) → *pivo (“beverage”)

Deverbal, forming abstract or collective nouns from verbs

From abstract nouns in *-st-, forms abstract neutral nouns. Equivalent to *-ьstvo (see there for examples)

From causative verbs in *-iti, forms resultant or instrumental neutral nouns. Equivalent to *-ivo (see there for examples)


-vъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *-vъ

Definite declension of *-vъ

-vъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
-vъši (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
-vъ (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
-vъša (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
-vъšę̇ (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
-vъša (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
-vъšu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
-vъši (dative feminine indefinite singular)
-vъšu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
-vъšь (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
-vъšǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
-vъ (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
-vъšemь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
-vъšejǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
-vъšemь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
-vъši (indefinite locative masculine singular)
-vъši (feminine indefinite locative singular)
-vъši (indefinite locative neuter singular)
-vъšu (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
-vъše (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
-vъše (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
-vъša (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
-vъši (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
-vъši (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
-vъšu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
-vъšu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
-vъšu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
-vъšema (dative dual indefinite masculine)
-vъšama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
-vъšema (dative dual indefinite neuter)
-vъša (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
-vъši (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
-vъši (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
-vъšema (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
-vъšama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
-vъšema (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
-vъšu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
-vъšu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
-vъšu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
-vъša (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
-vъši (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
-vъši (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
-vъše (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
-vъšę̇ (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
-vъša (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
-vъšь (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
-vъšь (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
-vъšь (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
-vъšemъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
-vъšamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
-vъšemъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
-vъšę̇ (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
-vъšę̇ (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
-vъša (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
-vъši (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
-vъšami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
-vъši (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
-vъšixъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
-vъšaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
-vъšixъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
-vъši (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
-vъšę̇ (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
-vъša (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
-vъšьjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
-vъšija (definite feminine nominative singular)
-vъšeje (definite neuter nominative singular)
-vъšajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
-vъšę̇ję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
-vъšajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
-vъšujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
-vъšiji (dative definite feminine singular)
-vъšujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
-vъšьjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
-vъšǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
-vъšeje (accusative definite neuter singular)
-vъšijimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
-vъšǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
-vъšijimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
-vъšijemь (definite locative masculine singular)
-vъšiji (definite feminine locative singular)
-vъšijemь (definite locative neuter singular)
-vъšьjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
-vъšaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
-vъšeje (definite neuter singular vocative)
-vъšaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
-vъšiji (definite dual feminine nominative)
-vъšiji (definite dual neuter nominative)
-vъšuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
-vъšuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
-vъšuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
-vъšijima (dative definite dual masculine)
-vъšijima (dative definite dual feminine)
-vъšijima (dative definite dual neuter)
-vъšaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
-vъšiji (accusative definite dual feminine)
-vъšiji (accusative definite dual neuter)
-vъšijima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
-vъšijima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
-vъšijima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
-vъšuju (definite dual locative masculine)
-vъšuju (definite dual feminine locative)
-vъšuju (definite dual locative neuter)
-vъšaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
-vъšiji (definite dual feminine vocative)
-vъšiji (definite dual neuter vocative)
-vъšeji (definite masculine nominative plural)
-vъšę̇ję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
-vъšaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
-vъšьjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
-vъšьjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
-vъšьjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
-vъšijimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
-vъšijimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
-vъšijimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
-vъšę̇ję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
-vъšę̇ję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
-vъšaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
-vъšijimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
-vъšijimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
-vъšijimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
-vъšijixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
-vъšijixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
-vъšijixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
-vъšiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
-vъšę̇ję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
-vъšaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: -въ (-vŭ)

Belarusian: -ўшы (-ŭšy)

desc

Russian: -в (-v), -вши (-vši), -вший (-všij)

Ukrainian: -вши (-všy), -вший (-všyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: -въ (-vŭ)

Bulgarian: -вш (-vš)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -вши

Latin script: -vši

Slovene: -vši

West Slavic:

Czech: -vší

Old Polish: -w

Polish: -wszy, -łszy

Slovak: -vši

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-wōs. Cognate with Lithuanian -us (Etymology 4).

inh+

byti (“to be”) → *byvъ (“having been”)

past active participle
past active participle#English

Deverbal, forming past active participles


svati

svàti (canonical feminine)
svati (nominative singular)
svaťi (dual nominative)
svaťę̇ (nominative plural)
svaťę̇ (genitive singular)
svaťu (dual genitive)
svaťь (genitive plural)
svaťi (dative singular)
svaťama (dative dual)
svaťamъ (dative plural)
svaťǫ (accusative singular)
svaťi (accusative dual)
svaťę̇ (accusative plural)
svaťejǫ (instrumental singular)
svaťǫ (instrumental singular)
svaťama (dual instrumental)
svaťami (instrumental plural)
svaťi (locative singular)
svaťu (dual locative)
svaťasъ (locative plural)
svaťaxъ (locative plural)
svaťe (singular vocative)
svaťi (dual vocative)
svaťę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: сва́тья (svátʹja) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: сва́тя (svátja)

Macedonian: сваќа (svaḱa)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сва̏ћа

Latin script: svȁtja

PIE word
 *swé
*svatъ (“father of one of the newlyweds'”) + *-i

affix

feminine of *svatъ: mother of one of the newlyweds

svaxa

honorable female relative (aunt or mother) of newlyweds


stьklo

stьklo (nominative singular)
stьklě (dual nominative)
stьkla (nominative plural)
stьkla (genitive singular)
stьklu (dual genitive)
stьklъ (genitive plural)
stьklu (dative singular)
stьkloma (dative dual)
stьklomъ (dative plural)
stьklo (accusative singular)
stьklě (accusative dual)
stьkla (accusative plural)
stьklъmь (instrumental singular)
stьklomь (instrumental singular)
stьkloma (dual instrumental)
stьkly (instrumental plural)
stьklě (locative singular)
stьklu (dual locative)
stьklěxъ (locative plural)
stьklo (singular vocative)
stьklě (dual vocative)
stьkla (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: стькло (stĭklo)
Old Ruthenian: скло (sklo)
Ukrainian: скло (sklo)
Russian: стекло́ (stekló), скло (sklo) — dialectal (with paradigm leveling)
→ Even: стекло (steklo)
→ Kildin Sami: сте̄клэ (stiekle)
→ Yakut: өстүөкүлэ (östüöküle)
→ Latvian: stikls

South Slavic:

desc

⇒ Old Church Slavonic: стьклѣница (stĭklěnica)

Bulgarian: стъкло́ (stǎkló), цкло (cklo)

Macedonian: стакло (staklo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ста̀кло, скло̏, цкло̏

Latin script: stàklo, sklȍ, cklȍ

Slovene: stéklo (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: stklo

Czech: sklo

Kashubian: skło, sckło

Old Polish: śćkło, śkło

Polish: szkło

→ Old Ruthenian: шкло (šklo)

Belarusian: шкло (šklo)

Ukrainian: шкло (šklo)

Slovak: sklo

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: škla

Upper Sorbian: škla

→ Lithuanian: stiklas

→ Latvian: stikls

→? Old Prussian: sticlo (perhaps directly from Gothic)

→ Romanian: sticlă (via some Slavic language)

Borrowed from Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌺𐌻𐍃 (stikls). The original meaning was goblet, chalice which eventually shifted towards the material from which they were made. For a similar semantic development, compare Turkish cam (“glass”) < Persian جام (jâm, “cup”).


šipъ

šipъ (nominative singular)
šipa (dual nominative)
šipi (nominative plural)
šipa (genitive singular)
šipu (dual genitive)
šipъ (genitive plural)
šipu (dative singular)
šipoma (dative dual)
šipomъ (dative plural)
šipъ (accusative singular)
šipa (accusative dual)
šipy (accusative plural)
šipъmь (instrumental singular)
šipomь (instrumental singular)
šipoma (dual instrumental)
šipy (instrumental plural)
šipě (locative singular)
šipu (dual locative)
šipěxъ (locative plural)
šipe (singular vocative)
šipa (dual vocative)
šipi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: шып (šyp)

Russian: шип (šip)

Ukrainian: шип (šyp)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: шип (šip)

Serbo-Croatian: ши̑п / šȋp

West Slavic:

Old Czech: šíp

Czech: šíp

Old Polish: szyp

Polish: szyp

Slovak: šíp

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: šip

Lower Sorbian: šуp

Non-Slavic:

Romanian: șip

Uncertain. Equivalent to *šiti (“to sew”) + *-pъ, hence, a possible derivative of Proto-Indo-European *syuh₁- (“to sew”). Alternatively, related to Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšwipáti (“to cast off, to fling”) and Proto-Germanic *swaipaną (“to sweep”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ksweybʰ-.

cog

→ needle


skǫpъ

skǫ̃pъ (canonical)
skǫpъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
skǫpa (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
skǫpo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
skǫpa (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
skǫpy (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
skǫpa (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
skǫpu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
skǫpě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
skǫpu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
skǫpъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
skǫpǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
skǫpo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
skǫpomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
skǫpojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
skǫpomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
skǫpě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
skǫpě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
skǫpě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
skǫpe (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
skǫpo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
skǫpo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
skǫpa (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
skǫpě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
skǫpě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
skǫpu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
skǫpu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
skǫpu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
skǫpoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
skǫpama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
skǫpoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
skǫpa (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
skǫpě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
skǫpě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
skǫpoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
skǫpama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
skǫpoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
skǫpu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
skǫpu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
skǫpu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
skǫpa (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
skǫpě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
skǫpě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
skǫpi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
skǫpy (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
skǫpa (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
skǫpъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
skǫpъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
skǫpъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
skǫpomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
skǫpamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
skǫpomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
skǫpy (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
skǫpy (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
skǫpa (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
skǫpy (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
skǫpami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
skǫpy (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
skǫpěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
skǫpaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
skǫpěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
skǫpi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
skǫpy (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
skǫpa (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
skǫpъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
skǫpaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
skǫpoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
skǫpajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
skǫpyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
skǫpajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
skǫpujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
skǫpěji (dative definite feminine singular)
skǫpujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
skǫpъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
skǫpǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
skǫpoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
skǫpyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
skǫpǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
skǫpyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
skǫpějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
skǫpěji (definite feminine locative singular)
skǫpějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
skǫpъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
skǫpaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
skǫpoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
skǫpaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
skǫpěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
skǫpěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
skǫpuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
skǫpuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
skǫpuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
skǫpyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
skǫpyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
skǫpyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
skǫpaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
skǫpěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
skǫpěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
skǫpyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
skǫpyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
skǫpyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
skǫpuju (definite dual locative masculine)
skǫpuju (definite dual feminine locative)
skǫpuju (definite dual locative neuter)
skǫpaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
skǫpěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
skǫpěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
skǫpiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
skǫpyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
skǫpaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
skǫpъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
skǫpъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
skǫpъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
skǫpyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
skǫpyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
skǫpyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
skǫpyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
skǫpyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
skǫpaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
skǫpyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
skǫpyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
skǫpyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
skǫpyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
skǫpyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
skǫpyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
skǫpiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
skǫpyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
skǫpaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *skǫpъ (hard)

Definite declension of *skǫpъ (hard)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: скупъ (skupŭ)

Belarusian: скупы́ (skupý)

Russian: скупо́й (skupój)

desc

→ Bulgarian: скуп m (skup, “cheapstake”) (dated, poetic)

Ukrainian: скупи́й (skupýj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: скѫпъ (skǫpŭ)

→ Aromanian: scumpu

→ Romanian: scump

Bulgarian: скъп (skǎp), скъмп (skǎmp) (dialectal)

Macedonian: скап (skap)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ску̑п

Latin script: skȗp

Slovene: skôp

West Slavic:

Czech: skoupý

Polabian: skǫpĕ (“Friday”)

Polish: skąpy

Slovak: skúpy

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian:

Unclear:
* Brückner (favoured by Vasmer, Snoj): From the root of *ščeměti (“to pinch, to ache; to yearn”), *skomiti (“to ache”) + *-pъ.
* Mladenov: Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to cut”) + *-ǫpъ (mp-stem), analogous to Proto-Slavic *krǫpъ (“stocky, bulky”) from synonymous *(s)ker- (“to cut”).
Per Loewenthal, may be akin to Proto-Slavic *šępa (“handful”) (whence Bulgarian ше́па (šépa)), Old Church Slavonic охѫпити (oxǫpiti, “to seize, to grasp”).

cog

expensive, valuable, overpriced (for a merchandise)


orzьnъ

õrzьnъ (canonical)
õrzьnъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
õrzьna (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
õrzьno (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
õrzьna (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
õrzьny (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
õrzьna (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
õrzьnu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
õrzьně (dative feminine indefinite singular)
õrzьnu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
õrzьnъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
õrzьnǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
õrzьno (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
õrzьnomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
õrzьnojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
õrzьnomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
õrzьně (indefinite locative masculine singular)
õrzьně (feminine indefinite locative singular)
õrzьně (indefinite locative neuter singular)
õrzьne (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
õrzьno (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
õrzьno (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
õrzьna (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
õrzьně (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
õrzьně (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
õrzьnu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
õrzьnu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
õrzьnu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
õrzьnoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
õrzьnama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
õrzьnoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
õrzьna (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
õrzьně (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
õrzьně (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
õrzьnoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
õrzьnama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
õrzьnoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
õrzьnu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
õrzьnu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
õrzьnu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
õrzьna (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
õrzьně (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
õrzьně (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
õrzьni (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
õrzьny (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
õrzьna (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
õrzьnъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
õrzьnъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
õrzьnъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
õrzьnomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
õrzьnamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
õrzьnomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
õrzьny (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
õrzьny (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
õrzьna (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
õrzьny (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
õrzьnami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
õrzьny (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
õrzьněxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
õrzьnaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
õrzьněxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
õrzьni (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
õrzьny (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
õrzьna (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
õrzьnъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
õrzьnaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
õrzьnoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
õrzьnajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
õrzьnyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
õrzьnajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
õrzьnujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
õrzьněji (dative definite feminine singular)
õrzьnujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
õrzьnъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
õrzьnǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
õrzьnoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
õrzьnyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
õrzьnǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
õrzьnyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
õrzьnějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
õrzьněji (definite feminine locative singular)
õrzьnějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
õrzьnъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
õrzьnaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
õrzьnoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
õrzьnaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
õrzьněji (definite dual feminine nominative)
õrzьněji (definite dual neuter nominative)
õrzьnuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
õrzьnuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
õrzьnuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
õrzьnyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
õrzьnyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
õrzьnyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
õrzьnaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
õrzьněji (accusative definite dual feminine)
õrzьněji (accusative definite dual neuter)
õrzьnyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
õrzьnyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
õrzьnyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
õrzьnuju (definite dual locative masculine)
õrzьnuju (definite dual feminine locative)
õrzьnuju (definite dual locative neuter)
õrzьnaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
õrzьněji (definite dual feminine vocative)
õrzьněji (definite dual neuter vocative)
õrzьniji (definite masculine nominative plural)
õrzьnyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
õrzьnaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
õrzьnъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
õrzьnъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
õrzьnъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
õrzьnyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
õrzьnyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
õrzьnyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
õrzьnyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
õrzьnyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
õrzьnaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
õrzьnyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
õrzьnyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
õrzьnyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
õrzьnyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
õrzьnyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
õrzьnyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
õrzьniji (definite masculine plural vocative)
õrzьnyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
õrzьnaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *orzьnъ (hard)

Definite declension of *orzьnъ (hard)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: розьнъ (rozĭnŭ)

Belarusian: ро́зны (rózny)

Russian: ро́зный (róznyj) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: рі́зний (ríznyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: разьнъ (razĭnŭ)

Bulgarian: разен (razen)

→ Russian: ра́зный (ráznyj)

Macedonian: разен (razen)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ра̑знӣ

Latin script: rȃznī

Slovene: rázən (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: rózný
Czech: různý

desctree

Old Polish: rózdny
Polish: różny
Silesian: rōżny

Slovak: rôzny


pьšenica

pьšenìca (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
pьšenìca (nominative singular)
pьšenìci (dual nominative)
pьšenìcę̇ (nominative plural)
pьšenìcę̇ (genitive singular)
pьšenìcu (dual genitive)
pьšenìcь (genitive plural)
pьšenìcī (dative singular)
pьšenìcama (dative dual)
pьšenìcāmъ (dative plural)
pьšenìcǫ (accusative singular)
pьšenìci (accusative dual)
pьšenìcę̇ (accusative plural)
pьšenìcējǫ (instrumental singular)
pьšenìcǭ (instrumental singular)
pьšenìcama (dual instrumental)
pьšenìcāmī (instrumental plural)
pьšenìcī (locative singular)
pьšenìcu (dual locative)
pьšenìcāsъ (locative plural)
pьšenìce (singular vocative)
pьšenìci (dual vocative)
pьšenìcę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: пьшеница (pĭšenica)
Belarusian: пшані́ца (pšaníca)
Russian: пшени́ца (pšeníca)
Ukrainian: пшени́ця (pšenýcja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

desc

Old Cyrillic script: пьшеница (pĭšenica)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⱐⱎⰵⱀⰻⱌⰰ (pĭšenica)

Bulgarian: пшени́ца (pšeníca)

Macedonian: пченица (pčenica)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пшѐница

Latin script: pšenica

Slovene: pšeníca (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: pšenicě
Czech: pšenice

Polabian: pasinaićă

Polish: pszenica

Kashubian: pszénica

Slovak: pšenica

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: pšeńca

Lower Sorbian: pšenica


sǫmorkъ

sǫmorkъ (nominative singular)
sǫmorka (dual nominative)
sǫmorci (nominative plural)
sǫmorka (genitive singular)
sǫmorku (dual genitive)
sǫmorkъ (genitive plural)
sǫmorku (dative singular)
sǫmorkoma (dative dual)
sǫmorkomъ (dative plural)
sǫmorkъ (accusative singular)
sǫmorka (accusative dual)
sǫmorky (accusative plural)
sǫmorkъmь (instrumental singular)
sǫmorkomь (instrumental singular)
sǫmorkoma (dual instrumental)
sǫmorky (instrumental plural)
sǫmorcě (locative singular)
sǫmorku (dual locative)
sǫmorcěxъ (locative plural)
sǫmorče (singular vocative)
sǫmorka (dual vocative)
sǫmorci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: суморокъ (sumorokŭ)

Russian: су́мерки (súmerki) (with vocalism change)

Ukrainian: су́морок (súmorok)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: сѫмракъ (sǫmrakŭ)

Bulgarian: су́мрак (súmrak)

→ Russian: су́мрак (súmrak)

Macedonian: самрак (samrak)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: су̏мра̄к

Latin script: sȕmrāk

Slovene: somrak

West Slavic:

Old Czech: súmrak

Czech: soumrak

Kashubian: smrok

Polish: zmrok

→ Belarusian: змрок (zmrok)

Slovak: súmrak

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian:


prǫdъ

prǫ̃dъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
prǫ̃dъ (nominative singular)
prǭdà (dual nominative)
prǭdì (nominative plural)
prǭdà (genitive singular)
prǭdù (dual genitive)
prǫ̃dъ (genitive plural)
prǭdù (dative singular)
prǭdòma (dative dual)
prǭdòmъ (dative plural)
prǫ̃dъ (accusative singular)
prǭdà (accusative dual)
prǭdỳ (accusative plural)
prǭdъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
prǭdòmь (instrumental singular)
prǭdòma (dual instrumental)
prǫ̃dy (instrumental plural)
prǭdě̀ (locative singular)
prǭdù (dual locative)
prǫ̃děxъ (locative plural)
prǫde (singular vocative)
prǭdà (dual vocative)
prǭdì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: прѫдъ (prǫdŭ), прудъ (prudŭ)

Old Ruthenian: прудъ (prud)

Belarusian: пруд (prud) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: пруд (prud)

Russian: пруд (prud)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: пръд (prǎd); прунд (prund) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пру̑д

Latin script: prȗd

Slovene: pród

West Slavic:

Kashubian: prąd

Old Czech: prúd

Czech: proud

desctree

Old Polish: prąd
Polish: prąd
Silesian: prōnd

Slovak: prúd

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: prud

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: porond

→ Romanian: prund

Deverbal from *pręsti (“to spin”). Continues Proto-Balto-Slavic *(s)pranˀdas, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)prend- (“to spin, to swift”).


bagati

baganьje (noun-from-verb)
bagati (infinitive)
bagatъ (supine)
bagalъ (l-participle)
baganъ (participle passive past)
bagajemъ (participle passive present)
bagavъ (active participle past)
bagaję (active participle present)
bagaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
baga (aorist second-person singular)
baga (aorist singular third-person)
bagajǫ (first-person present singular)
bagaješi (present second-person singular)
bagajetь (present singular third-person)
bagaxově (aorist dual first-person)
bagasta (aorist dual second-person)
bagaste (aorist dual third-person)
bagajevě (dual first-person present)
bagajeta (dual present second-person)
bagajete (dual present third-person)
bagaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bagaste (aorist plural second-person)
bagašę (aorist plural third-person)
bagajemъ (first-person plural present)
bagajete (plural present second-person)
bagajǫtь (plural present third-person)
bagaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bagaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bagaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bagaji (imperative second-person singular)
bagaji (imperative singular third-person)
bagaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bagaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bagaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bagajivě (dual first-person imperative)
bagajita (dual imperative second-person)
bagaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bagaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bagaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bagajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bagajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: багати (bagati)

desc

⇒ Ukrainian: забага́ти (zabaháty), забага́нка (zabahánka)

South Slavic: –

West Slavic:

Czech:

Polish: zabagać

Slovak: bahať

Per Trubachyev, the most likely etymology is from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bōˀgā́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéh₃g-eh₂-ti, from *bʰeh₃g- (“to bake”). Cognate with Ancient Greek φώγω (phṓgō, “to roast”) and Proto-Germanic *bakaną (“to bake”).
A relation with Sanskrit भजति (bhájati, “to distribute”) and Slavic forms like *bogatъ (“rich”), *bogъ (“God”) (all from *bʰeh₂g-) is less likely.


bagrъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *bagrъ (hard)

Definite declension of *bagrъ (hard)

bagrъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
bagra (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
bagro (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
bagra (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
bagry (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
bagra (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
bagru (dative indefinite masculine singular)
bagrě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
bagru (dative indefinite neuter singular)
bagrъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
bagrǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
bagro (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
bagromь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
bagrojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
bagromь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
bagrě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
bagrě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
bagrě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
bagre (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
bagro (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
bagro (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
bagra (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
bagrě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
bagrě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
bagru (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
bagru (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
bagru (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
bagroma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
bagrama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
bagroma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
bagra (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
bagrě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
bagrě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
bagroma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
bagrama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
bagroma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
bagru (dual indefinite locative masculine)
bagru (dual feminine indefinite locative)
bagru (dual indefinite locative neuter)
bagra (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
bagrě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
bagrě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
bagri (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
bagry (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
bagra (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
bagrъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
bagrъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
bagrъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
bagromъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
bagramъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
bagromъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
bagry (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
bagry (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
bagra (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
bagry (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
bagrami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
bagry (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
bagrěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
bagraxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
bagrěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
bagri (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
bagry (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
bagra (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
bagrъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
bagraja (definite feminine nominative singular)
bagroje (definite neuter nominative singular)
bagrajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
bagryję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
bagrajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
bagrujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
bagrěji (dative definite feminine singular)
bagrujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
bagrъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
bagrǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
bagroje (accusative definite neuter singular)
bagryjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
bagrǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
bagryjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
bagrějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
bagrěji (definite feminine locative singular)
bagrějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
bagrъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
bagraja (definite feminine singular vocative)
bagroje (definite neuter singular vocative)
bagraja (definite dual masculine nominative)
bagrěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
bagrěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
bagruju (definite dual genitive masculine)
bagruju (definite dual feminine genitive)
bagruju (definite dual genitive neuter)
bagryjima (dative definite dual masculine)
bagryjima (dative definite dual feminine)
bagryjima (dative definite dual neuter)
bagraja (accusative definite dual masculine)
bagrěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
bagrěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
bagryjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
bagryjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
bagryjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
bagruju (definite dual locative masculine)
bagruju (definite dual feminine locative)
bagruju (definite dual locative neuter)
bagraja (definite dual masculine vocative)
bagrěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
bagrěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
bagriji (definite masculine nominative plural)
bagryję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
bagraja (definite neuter nominative plural)
bagrъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
bagrъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
bagrъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
bagryjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
bagryjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
bagryjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
bagryję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
bagryję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
bagraja (accusative definite neuter plural)
bagryjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
bagryjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
bagryjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
bagryjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
bagryjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
bagryjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
bagriji (definite masculine plural vocative)
bagryję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
bagraja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: багри́й (bahrýj) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ба́гър (bágǎr)

Most likely from *bag- (attested in *bagati (“to ignite fire”)) + *-rъ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₃g-.
Karl Heinrich Menges proposed borrowing from some Turkic language, ultimately from Proto-Turkic *bakïr (“copper”).


bagrъ

bãgrъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
bãgrъ (nominative singular)
bāgrà (dual nominative)
bāgrì (nominative plural)
bāgrà (genitive singular)
bāgrù (dual genitive)
bãgrъ (genitive plural)
bāgrù (dative singular)
bāgròma (dative dual)
bāgròmъ (dative plural)
bãgrъ (accusative singular)
bāgrà (accusative dual)
bāgrỳ (accusative plural)
bāgrъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
bāgròmь (instrumental singular)
bāgròma (dual instrumental)
bãgry (instrumental plural)
bāgrě̀ (locative singular)
bāgrù (dual locative)
bãgrěxъ (locative plural)
bagre (singular vocative)
bāgrà (dual vocative)
bāgrì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: багръ (bagrŭ, “purple; purple robe, fabric”), багъръ (bagŭrŭ), багоръ (bagorŭ)

Russian: ба́гор (bágor, “purple; purple paint; Coccus”); баго́р (bagór) (obsolete), ба́гр (bágr) (archaic)

⇒ Russian: багря́ный (bagrjányj)

⇒ Carpathian Rusyn: ба́грий (báhryj)

Ukrainian: ба́гор (báhor, “purple”)

⇒ Ukrainian: багряний (bahrjanyj, “crimson red”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: багъръ (bagŭrŭ, “purple”)

Glagolitic script: ⰱⰰⰳⱏⱃⱏ (bagŭrŭ, “purple”)

Bulgarian: ба́гър (bágǎr, “warm hue”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ба̏гар (“purple; purple robe, fabric; scarlet”)

Latin script: bȁgar (“purple; purple robe, fabric; scarlet”)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: báger (“purple; scarlet”) (tonal orthography)

Nominalization of *bagrъ (see Etymology 1).


bagrъ

bagrъ (nominative singular)
bagra (dual nominative)
bagri (nominative plural)
bagra (genitive singular)
bagru (dual genitive)
bagrъ (genitive plural)
bagru (dative singular)
bagroma (dative dual)
bagromъ (dative plural)
bagrъ (accusative singular)
bagra (accusative dual)
bagry (accusative plural)
bagrъmь (instrumental singular)
bagromь (instrumental singular)
bagroma (dual instrumental)
bagry (instrumental plural)
bagrě (locative singular)
bagru (dual locative)
bagrěxъ (locative plural)
bagre (singular vocative)
bagra (dual vocative)
bagri (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: баго́р (bagór)

desc

Ukrainian: баго́р (bahór), ба́гор (báhor); ба́гр (báhr) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Slovak: bahor

Derived from Proto-Indo-European *bʰāǵʰ- (“to bend”), compare *bʰāǵʰus (“arm”).


stremę

stremę (nominative singular)
stremeni (dual nominative)
stremena (nominative plural)
stremene (genitive singular)
stremenu (dual genitive)
stremenъ (genitive plural)
stremeni (dative singular)
stremenьma (dative dual)
stremenьmъ (dative plural)
stremę (accusative singular)
stremeni (accusative dual)
stremena (accusative plural)
stremenьmь (instrumental singular)
stremenьma (dual instrumental)
stremeny (instrumental plural)
stremene (locative singular)
stremenu (dual locative)
stremenьxъ (locative plural)
stremę (singular vocative)
stremeni (dual vocative)
stremena (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: стремень (stremenĭ), стръмень (strŭmenĭ)

Belarusian: стрэ́мя (strémja)

Russian: стре́мя (strémja)

Ukrainian: стреме́но (streméno), стремено́ (stremenó) (with paradigm leveling)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: стре́ме (stréme)

Macedonian: стремен (stremen) (with gender change)

Serbo-Croatian: (with gender change)

Cyrillic: стре̏ме̄н, стр̏ме̑н

Latin: strȅmēn, stȑmēn

Slovene: stréme

West Slavic:

Old Czech: střmen, třmen, střemen, třemen (with gender change)

Czech: třmen, třemen

Polish: strzemię

Slovak: strmeň (with gender change)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: tśmjeń (with gender change)

Upper Sorbian: třmjeń (with gender change)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *strebʰ-men, from *strebʰ- (“to twist”). Ancient Greek στρέφω (stréphō).


slěpъ

slě̑pъ (canonical)
slěpъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
slěpa (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
slěpo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
slěpa (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
slěpy (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
slěpa (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
slěpu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
slěpě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
slěpu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
slěpъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
slěpǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
slěpo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
slěpomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
slěpojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
slěpomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
slěpě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
slěpě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
slěpě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
slěpe (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
slěpo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
slěpo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
slěpa (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
slěpě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
slěpě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
slěpu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
slěpu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
slěpu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
slěpoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
slěpama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
slěpoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
slěpa (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
slěpě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
slěpě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
slěpoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
slěpama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
slěpoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
slěpu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
slěpu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
slěpu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
slěpa (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
slěpě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
slěpě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
slěpi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
slěpy (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
slěpa (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
slěpъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
slěpъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
slěpъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
slěpomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
slěpamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
slěpomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
slěpy (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
slěpy (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
slěpa (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
slěpy (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
slěpami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
slěpy (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
slěpěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
slěpaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
slěpěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
slěpi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
slěpy (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
slěpa (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
slěpъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
slěpaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
slěpoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
slěpajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
slěpyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
slěpajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
slěpujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
slěpěji (dative definite feminine singular)
slěpujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
slěpъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
slěpǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
slěpoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
slěpyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
slěpǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
slěpyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
slěpějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
slěpěji (definite feminine locative singular)
slěpějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
slěpъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
slěpaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
slěpoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
slěpaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
slěpěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
slěpěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
slěpuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
slěpuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
slěpuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
slěpyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
slěpyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
slěpyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
slěpaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
slěpěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
slěpěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
slěpyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
slěpyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
slěpyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
slěpuju (definite dual locative masculine)
slěpuju (definite dual feminine locative)
slěpuju (definite dual locative neuter)
slěpaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
slěpěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
slěpěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
slěpiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
slěpyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
slěpaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
slěpъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
slěpъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
slěpъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
slěpyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
slěpyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
slěpyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
slěpyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
slěpyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
slěpaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
slěpyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
slěpyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
slěpyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
slěpyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
slěpyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
slěpyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
slěpiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
slěpyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
slěpaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *slěpъ (hard)

Definite declension of *slěpъ (hard)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: сляпы́ (sljapý)

Russian: слепо́й (slepój)

Ukrainian: сліпи́й (slipýj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: слѣпъ (slěpŭ)

Bulgarian: сляп (sljap)

Macedonian: слеп (slep)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сле̑п, слије̑п

Latin: slȇp, slijȇp

Slovene: slẹ̑p (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: slepý

Czech: slepý

Old Polish: ślepy

Polish: ślepy

Slovak: slepý

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: slěpy

Upper Sorbian: slepy

Unclear. Traditionally compared with:
* Within Balto-Slavic: Lithuanian slė̃pti (“to shut, to hide”), Latvian slèpt (“to conceal”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱlep- (according to some interpretations, possibly also yielding Proto-Slavic *klepati (“to clap, to blink”), *klopiti (“to trap”)).
* Within PIE: Latin lippus (“purblind, myopic”), Ancient Greek λῐπᾰρός (liparós, “bright, brilliant, splendid”), typically derived from unrelated *leyp- (“to smear”) (whence Proto-Slavic *lěpъ (“beautiful”)).
Snoj also tentively mentions a possible descent from Proto-Indo-European *ḱley- (“to invert, to distort”), reflected in Balto-Slavic by Lithuanian šleĩvas (“splay, crooked”), dial. šlei̇̃pti (“to pervert”), etc. If right, them perhaps originally meaning “squint, cross-eyed”.
In view of the 0-grade ablaut *slь(p)nǫti, the more likely origin of radical *-ě- is pre-Slavic diphthong *-ai-, rather than long *-ē- because of PIE ablaut *-oy- (> *-ē- > *-ě-) / *-ey- (> *-i- > *-ь-)


skorъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *skorъ (hard)

Definite declension of *skorъ (hard)

skorъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
skora (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
skoro (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
skora (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
skory (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
skora (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
skoru (dative indefinite masculine singular)
skorě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
skoru (dative indefinite neuter singular)
skorъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
skorǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
skoro (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
skoromь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
skorojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
skoromь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
skorě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
skorě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
skorě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
skore (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
skoro (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
skoro (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
skora (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
skorě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
skorě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
skoru (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
skoru (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
skoru (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
skoroma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
skorama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
skoroma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
skora (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
skorě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
skorě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
skoroma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
skorama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
skoroma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
skoru (dual indefinite locative masculine)
skoru (dual feminine indefinite locative)
skoru (dual indefinite locative neuter)
skora (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
skorě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
skorě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
skori (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
skory (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
skora (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
skorъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
skorъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
skorъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
skoromъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
skoramъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
skoromъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
skory (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
skory (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
skora (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
skory (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
skorami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
skory (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
skorěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
skoraxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
skorěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
skori (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
skory (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
skora (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
skorъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
skoraja (definite feminine nominative singular)
skoroje (definite neuter nominative singular)
skorajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
skoryję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
skorajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
skorujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
skorěji (dative definite feminine singular)
skorujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
skorъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
skorǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
skoroje (accusative definite neuter singular)
skoryjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
skorǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
skoryjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
skorějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
skorěji (definite feminine locative singular)
skorějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
skorъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
skoraja (definite feminine singular vocative)
skoroje (definite neuter singular vocative)
skoraja (definite dual masculine nominative)
skorěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
skorěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
skoruju (definite dual genitive masculine)
skoruju (definite dual feminine genitive)
skoruju (definite dual genitive neuter)
skoryjima (dative definite dual masculine)
skoryjima (dative definite dual feminine)
skoryjima (dative definite dual neuter)
skoraja (accusative definite dual masculine)
skorěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
skorěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
skoryjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
skoryjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
skoryjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
skoruju (definite dual locative masculine)
skoruju (definite dual feminine locative)
skoruju (definite dual locative neuter)
skoraja (definite dual masculine vocative)
skorěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
skorěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
skoriji (definite masculine nominative plural)
skoryję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
skoraja (definite neuter nominative plural)
skorъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
skorъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
skorъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
skoryjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
skoryjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
skoryjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
skoryję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
skoryję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
skoraja (accusative definite neuter plural)
skoryjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
skoryjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
skoryjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
skoryjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
skoryjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
skoryjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
skoriji (definite masculine plural vocative)
skoryję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
skoraja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: скоръ (skorŭ)

Belarusian: ско́ры (skóry)

Russian: ско́рый (skóryj)

Ukrainian: ско́рий (skóryj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: скоръ (skorŭ)

Bulgarian: ско́ро (skóro) (adverb)

Macedonian: скор (skor)

Serbo-Croatian:

Unspecified script:

Latin script: skȍrī

Slovene:

West Slavic:

Czech: skorý

Polish: skory (literary)

Slovak: skorý

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: skóro (adverb)

Upper Sorbian:


milъ

mìlъ (canonical)
milъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
mila (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
milo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
mila (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
mily (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
mila (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
milu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
milě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
milu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
milъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
milǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
milo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
milomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
milojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
milomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
milě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
milě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
milě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
mile (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
milo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
milo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
mila (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
milě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
milě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
milu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
milu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
milu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
miloma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
milama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
miloma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
mila (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
milě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
milě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
miloma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
milama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
miloma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
milu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
milu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
milu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
mila (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
milě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
milě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
mili (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
mily (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
mila (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
milъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
milъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
milъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
milomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
milamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
milomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
mily (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
mily (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
mila (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
mily (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
milami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
mily (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
milěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
milaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
milěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
mili (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
mily (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
mila (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
milъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
milaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
miloje (definite neuter nominative singular)
milajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
milyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
milajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
milujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
milěji (dative definite feminine singular)
milujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
milъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
milǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
miloje (accusative definite neuter singular)
milyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
milǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
milyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
milějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
milěji (definite feminine locative singular)
milějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
milъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
milaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
miloje (definite neuter singular vocative)
milaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
milěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
milěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
miluju (definite dual genitive masculine)
miluju (definite dual feminine genitive)
miluju (definite dual genitive neuter)
milyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
milyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
milyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
milaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
milěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
milěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
milyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
milyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
milyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
miluju (definite dual locative masculine)
miluju (definite dual feminine locative)
miluju (definite dual locative neuter)
milaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
milěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
milěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
miliji (definite masculine nominative plural)
milyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
milaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
milъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
milъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
milъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
milyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
milyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
milyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
milyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
milyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
milaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
milyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
milyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
milyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
milyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
milyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
milyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
miliji (definite masculine plural vocative)
milyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
milaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

Indefinite declension of *milъ (hard)

Definite declension of *milъ (hard)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: милъ (milŭ)

Belarusian: мі́лы (míly)

Russian: ми́лый (mílyj)

Carpathian Rusyn: милый (mylŷj)

Ukrainian: ми́лий (mýlyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: милъ (milŭ)

Bulgarian: мил (mil)

Macedonian: мил (mil)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ми̏о

Latin script: mȉo

Slovene: mȋl (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: milý

Czech: milý

Moravian (Mistřice): miu̯í

Kashubian: miłi

Old Polish: miły

Polish: miły

Silesian: miyły

Slovak: milý

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: miły

Lower Sorbian: miły

→ Romanian: milă

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *meilas; from Proto-Indo-European *m(e)ilH-lo-s; from Proto-Indo-European *meyh₁-. Cognate with Lithuanian mielas (“nice, sweet, cute”), Latvian mīļš, mīls (“dear, cherished, beloved”) (dialectal), Old Prussian mijls (“dear”), Latin mitis (“mild, mellow”), Greek μείλιον (meílion, “pleasant gift”).

cog

dear, kind, nice, gentle, mild, soft, pleasant, polite


sъporъ

sъporъ (nominative singular)
sъpora (dual nominative)
sъpori (nominative plural)
sъpora (genitive singular)
sъporu (dual genitive)
sъporъ (genitive plural)
sъporu (dative singular)
sъporoma (dative dual)
sъporomъ (dative plural)
sъporъ (accusative singular)
sъpora (accusative dual)
sъpory (accusative plural)
sъporъmь (instrumental singular)
sъporomь (instrumental singular)
sъporoma (dual instrumental)
sъpory (instrumental plural)
sъporě (locative singular)
sъporu (dual locative)
sъporěxъ (locative plural)
sъpore (singular vocative)
sъpora (dual vocative)
sъpori (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: съпоръ (sŭporŭ), супоръ (suporŭ)

⇒ Belarusian: спо́рка (spórka)

Russian: спор (spor)

Ukrainian: спір (spir)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: спор (spor)

Macedonian: спор (spor)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: спо̏р

Latin script: spȍr

Slovene: spȍr (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: spor

Polish: spór

Slovak: spor

Action noun of *sъperti, from *sъ(n) + *perti.


sъporъ

Alternative reconstruction of *sporъ (“abundant”)


sporъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *sporъ (hard)

Definite declension of *sporъ (hard)

sporъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
spora (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
sporo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
spora (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
spory (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
spora (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
sporu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
sporě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
sporu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
sporъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
sporǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
sporo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
sporomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
sporojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
sporomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
sporě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
sporě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
sporě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
spore (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
sporo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
sporo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
spora (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
sporě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
sporě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
sporu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
sporu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
sporu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
sporoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
sporama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
sporoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
spora (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
sporě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
sporě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
sporoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
sporama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
sporoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
sporu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
sporu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
sporu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
spora (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
sporě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
sporě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
spori (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
spory (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
spora (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
sporъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
sporъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
sporъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
sporomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
sporamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
sporomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
spory (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
spory (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
spora (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
spory (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
sporami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
spory (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
sporěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
sporaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
sporěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
spori (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
spory (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
spora (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
sporъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
sporaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
sporoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
sporajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
sporyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
sporajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
sporujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
sporěji (dative definite feminine singular)
sporujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
sporъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
sporǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
sporoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
sporyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
sporǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
sporyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
sporějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
sporěji (definite feminine locative singular)
sporějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
sporъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
sporaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
sporoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
sporaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
sporěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
sporěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
sporuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
sporuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
sporuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
sporyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
sporyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
sporyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
sporaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
sporěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
sporěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
sporyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
sporyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
sporyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
sporuju (definite dual locative masculine)
sporuju (definite dual feminine locative)
sporuju (definite dual locative neuter)
sporaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
sporěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
sporěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
sporiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
sporyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
sporaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
sporъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
sporъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
sporъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
sporyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
sporyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
sporyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
sporyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
sporyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
sporaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
sporyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
sporyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
sporyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
sporyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
sporyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
sporyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
sporiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
sporyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
sporaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: споръ (sporŭ)

Belarusian: спо́ры (spóry)

desc

⇒ Belarusian: спор (spor, “success”), спо́рны (spórny)

Russian: спо́рый (spóryj)

Ukrainian: спо́рий (spóryj)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: спорен (sporen) (extended with *-ьnъ)

Macedonian: спор (spor)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: спо̏р

Latin script: spȍr

Slovene: spȍr (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sporý

Czech: sporý

Polish: spory

Slovak: sporý

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: spory

Lower Sorbian: spóry

Non-Slavic:

Hungarian: szapora

Romanian: spor

Traditionally connected with Sanskrit स्फिर (sphira, “fat, abundant”), Latin prosperus, Proto-Germanic *sparaz (English spare), from Proto-Indo-European *sph₁rós, from the root *speh₁-. This, however, requires laryngeal vocalisation in the Slavic first syllable, which is not accepted by some scholars.


debnǫti

debenьje (noun-from-verb)
debnǫti (infinitive)
debnǫtъ (supine)
deblъ (l-participle)
debenъ (participle passive past)
debnomъ (participle passive present)
debъ (active participle past)
debny (active participle present)
debъ (aorist first-person singular)
deboxъ (aorist first-person singular)
debe (aorist second-person singular)
debe (aorist singular third-person)
debnǫ (first-person present singular)
debneši (present second-person singular)
debnetь (present singular third-person)
debově (aorist dual first-person)
deboxově (aorist dual first-person)
debeta (aorist dual second-person)
debosta (aorist dual second-person)
debete (aorist dual third-person)
deboste (aorist dual third-person)
debnevě (dual first-person present)
debneta (dual present second-person)
debnete (dual present third-person)
debomъ (aorist first-person plural)
deboxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
debete (aorist plural second-person)
deboste (aorist plural second-person)
debǫ (aorist plural third-person)
debošę (aorist plural third-person)
debnemъ (first-person plural present)
debnete (plural present second-person)
debnǫtь (plural present third-person)
debněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
debněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
debněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
debni (imperative second-person singular)
debni (imperative singular third-person)
debněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
debněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
debněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
debněvě (dual first-person imperative)
debněta (dual imperative second-person)
debněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
debněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
debněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
debněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
debněte (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

desc

⇒ Old Church Slavonic: *оудѣнѫти (*uděnǫti), оудѣбена (uděbena)

Bulgarian: де́бна (débna)

Macedonian: де́мне (démne), де́бне (débne) (dialectal)

From *deběti (“to pray upon in stealth”) + *-nǫti. Akin to dial. Serbo-Croatian дѐпсти (“to await for ambush”) and possibly dial. Russian дёб (djob, “edge, end”).
Probably from Proto-Indo-European *dʰebʰ- (“to deceive, to humble”), presumably cognate with Sanskrit दभ्नोति (dabhnoti, “to damage”).


bordy

Slavic (South)
bordy (nominative singular)
bordъvi (dual nominative)
bordъvi (nominative plural)
bordъve (genitive singular)
bordъvu (dual genitive)
bordъvъ (genitive plural)
bordъvi (dative singular)
bordъvьma (dative dual)
bordъvama (dative dual)
bordъvьmъ (dative plural)
bordъvamъ (dative plural)
bordъvь (accusative singular)
bordъvi (accusative dual)
bordъvi (accusative plural)
bordъvьjǫ (instrumental singular)
bordъvľǫ (instrumental singular)
bordъvьma (dual instrumental)
bordъvama (dual instrumental)
bordъvьmi (instrumental plural)
bordъvami (instrumental plural)
bordъve (locative singular)
bordъvu (dual locative)
bordъvьxъ (locative plural)
bordъvaxъ (locative plural)
bordy (singular vocative)
bordъvi (dual vocative)
bordъvi (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: брадꙑ (brady)

Glagolitic script: ⰱⱃⰰⰴⱏⰹ (brady)

Bulgarian: бра́два (brádva)

Macedonian: брадва (bradva)

Serbo-Croatian: (“adze”)

Cyrillic script: бра́два

Latin script: brádva

Possibly borrowed from Proto-Germanic *bardō or a calque to it: equivalent to *borda (“beard”) + *-y, literally “bearded (axe)”.


kaňa

kaňa (nominative singular)
kaňi (dual nominative)
kaňę̇ (nominative plural)
kaňę̇ (genitive singular)
kaňu (dual genitive)
kaňь (genitive plural)
kaňi (dative singular)
kaňama (dative dual)
kaňamъ (dative plural)
kaňǫ (accusative singular)
kaňi (accusative dual)
kaňę̇ (accusative plural)
kaňejǫ (instrumental singular)
kaňǫ (instrumental singular)
kaňama (dual instrumental)
kaňami (instrumental plural)
kaňi (locative singular)
kaňu (dual locative)
kaňasъ (locative plural)
kaňaxъ (locative plural)
kaňe (singular vocative)
kaňi (dual vocative)
kaňę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Russian: ка́ня (kánja), каню́к m (kanjúk)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ка́ня (kánja)

Slovene: kánja (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: káně

Czech: káně, káň

Moravian (Mistřice): kaňa

Polish: kania

Slovak: kaňa

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kanja

Lower Sorbian: kanja


delěti

delěvati (perfective)
delěnьje (noun-from-verb)
delěti (infinitive)
delětъ (supine)
delělъ (l-participle)
delěnъ (participle passive past)
delějemъ (participle passive present)
delěvъ (active participle past)
delěję (active participle present)
delěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
delě (aorist second-person singular)
delě (aorist singular third-person)
delějǫ (first-person present singular)
delěješi (present second-person singular)
delějetь (present singular third-person)
delěxově (aorist dual first-person)
delěsta (aorist dual second-person)
delěste (aorist dual third-person)
delějevě (dual first-person present)
delějeta (dual present second-person)
delějete (dual present third-person)
delěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
delěste (aorist plural second-person)
delěšę (aorist plural third-person)
delějemъ (first-person plural present)
delějete (plural present second-person)
delějǫtь (plural present third-person)
delěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
delěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
delěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
delěji (imperative second-person singular)
delěji (imperative singular third-person)
delěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
delěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
delěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
delějivě (dual first-person imperative)
delějita (dual imperative second-person)
delěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
delěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
delěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
delějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
delějite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: делѣти (delěti)

Bulgarian: деле́я (deléja, “to prevail, to defeat”) (obsolete; now found only in derivatives)

Most likely from Proto-Indo-European *delh₁-, perhaps from its seconary meaning “to ply, to exploit” → “to finish off” → “to prevail” (compare *dьliti (“to prolong”), *dьlgъ (“long”)). Near cognate with Lithuanian délti (“to wane, to languish, to wear out”), dìlinti (“to use up”).
Daughter languages do not agree on the root vocalism: cf. verbal nouns Old Church Slavonic оделѣньѥ (odelěnĭje) (e-grade) : одолѣниѥ (odolěnije) (o-grade) both with the meaning “defeat”.


sьrpъ

sь̃rpъ (canonical)
sь̑rpъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
sь̃rpъ (nominative singular)
sьrpà (dual nominative)
sьrpì (nominative plural)
sьrpà (genitive singular)
sьrpù (dual genitive)
sь̃rpъ (genitive plural)
sьrpù (dative singular)
sьrpòma (dative dual)
sьrpòmъ (dative plural)
sь̃rpъ (accusative singular)
sьrpà (accusative dual)
sьrpỳ (accusative plural)
sьrpъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
sьrpòmь (instrumental singular)
sьrpòma (dual instrumental)
sь̃rpy (instrumental plural)
sьrpě̀ (locative singular)
sьrpù (dual locative)
sь̃rpěxъ (locative plural)
sьrpe (singular vocative)
sьrpà (dual vocative)
sьrpì (plural vocative)
c (accent-paradigm)
sь̑rpъ (nominative singular)
sь̑rpa (dual nominative)
sь̑rpi (nominative plural)
sь̑rpa (genitive singular)
sьrpù (dual genitive)
sь̃rpъ (genitive plural)
sь̑rpu (dative singular)
sьrpomà (dative dual)
sьrpòmъ (dative plural)
sь̑rpъ (accusative singular)
sь̑rpa (accusative dual)
sь̑rpy (accusative plural)
sь̑rpъmь (instrumental singular)
sь̑rpomь (instrumental singular)
sьrpomà (dual instrumental)
sьrpý (instrumental plural)
sь̑rpě (locative singular)
sьrpù (dual locative)
sьrpě̃xъ (locative plural)
sьrpe (singular vocative)
sь̑rpa (dual vocative)
sь̑rpi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сьрпъ (sĭrpŭ)

Belarusian: серп (sjerp)

Russian: серп (serp)

Carpathian Rusyn: серп (serp)

Ukrainian: серп (serp)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: срьпъ (srĭpŭ)

Bulgarian: сърп (sǎrp)

Macedonian: срп (srp)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ср̑п

Latin script: sȓp

Slovene: sȓp (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: srp

Czech: srp

Polabian: sarp

Polish: sierp

Slovak: srp

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: sеrр

Upper Sorbian: serp

Non-Slavic:

→ Proto-Finnic: *cirppi (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sírpas, from Proto-Indo-European *sr̥p-. Cognate with Latvian sirpis, Latvian sìrps; Hittite 𒊬𒉺 (šarpa-, “farming tool”), Sanskrit सृणि (sṛṇi), Ancient Greek ἅρπη (hárpē), Latin sarpō.


mělъkъ

mě̑lъkъ (canonical)
mě̋lъkъ (canonical)
mělъkъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
mělъka (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
mělъko (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
mělъka (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
mělъky (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
mělъka (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
mělъku (dative indefinite masculine singular)
mělъkě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
mělъku (dative indefinite neuter singular)
mělъkъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
mělъkǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
mělъko (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
mělъkomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
mělъkojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
mělъkomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
mělъkě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
mělъkě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
mělъkě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
mělъke (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
mělъko (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
mělъko (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
mělъka (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
mělъkě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
mělъkě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
mělъku (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
mělъku (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
mělъku (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
mělъkoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
mělъkama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
mělъkoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
mělъka (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
mělъkě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
mělъkě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
mělъkoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
mělъkama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
mělъkoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
mělъku (dual indefinite locative masculine)
mělъku (dual feminine indefinite locative)
mělъku (dual indefinite locative neuter)
mělъka (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
mělъkě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
mělъkě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
mělъki (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
mělъky (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
mělъka (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
mělъkъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
mělъkъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
mělъkъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
mělъkomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
mělъkamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
mělъkomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
mělъky (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
mělъky (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
mělъka (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
mělъky (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
mělъkami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
mělъky (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
mělъkěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
mělъkaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
mělъkěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
mělъki (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
mělъky (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
mělъka (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
mělъkъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
mělъkaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
mělъkoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
mělъkajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
mělъkyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
mělъkajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
mělъkujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
mělъkěji (dative definite feminine singular)
mělъkujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
mělъkъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
mělъkǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
mělъkoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
mělъkyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
mělъkǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
mělъkyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
mělъkějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
mělъkěji (definite feminine locative singular)
mělъkějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
mělъkъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
mělъkaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
mělъkoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
mělъkaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
mělъkěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
mělъkěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
mělъkuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
mělъkuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
mělъkuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
mělъkyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
mělъkyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
mělъkyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
mělъkaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
mělъkěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
mělъkěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
mělъkyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
mělъkyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
mělъkyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
mělъkuju (definite dual locative masculine)
mělъkuju (definite dual feminine locative)
mělъkuju (definite dual locative neuter)
mělъkaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
mělъkěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
mělъkěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
mělъkiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
mělъkyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
mělъkaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
mělъkъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
mělъkъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
mělъkъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
mělъkyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
mělъkyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
mělъkyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
mělъkyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
mělъkyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
mělъkaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
mělъkyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
mělъkyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
mělъkyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
mělъkyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
mělъkyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
mělъkyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
mělъkiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
mělъkyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
mělъkaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *mělъkъ (hard)

Definite declension of *mělъkъ (hard)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мѣлъкъ (mělŭkŭ)

Belarusian: ме́лкі (mjélki)

Russian: ме́лкий (mélkij)

Ukrainian: мілки́й (milkýj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: мѣлъкъ (mělŭkŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ме̏ок, миоки (dated)

Latin script: mȅok (dated)

Slovene: mę́łək (tonal orthography) (dated)

West Slavic:

Czech: mělký

Kashubian: miałczi

Old Polish: miałki

Polish: miałki

Silesian: miałki

Slovak: melký

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: mjałki, měłki

Upper Sorbian: miłki

Perhaps a conflation of:
* *mělъ (“finely grinded substance, mill”) + *-ъkъ, reflecting Proto-Balto-Slavic *mēlˀús, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *melh₂- (“to grind, to mill”). Akin to Proto-Germanic *mildijaz (“mild, tender”).
* the descendant of Proto-Balto-Slavic *máiljus + *-ъkъ, cognate with Lithuanian maĩlius (“small fry”), Latvian maĩle (“bleak (fish)”). Possibly from a l-extension of Proto-Indo-European *(s)meh₁y- (“to smith, to crush”), related to Proto-Slavic *milъ (“kind, gentle”), *mirъ (“peace”) and further akin to Old Norse mjór (“thin, narrow”).

der

mělъčьnъ

*mělъčiti, *mělъčati (“to shrink, to grind”)


sъmělъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *sъmělъ (hard)

Definite declension of *sъmělъ (hard)

sъmělъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
sъměla (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
sъmělo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
sъměla (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
sъměly (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
sъměla (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
sъmělu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
sъmělě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
sъmělu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
sъmělъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
sъmělǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
sъmělo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
sъmělomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
sъmělojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
sъmělomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
sъmělě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
sъmělě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
sъmělě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
sъměle (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
sъmělo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
sъmělo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
sъměla (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
sъmělě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
sъmělě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
sъmělu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
sъmělu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
sъmělu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
sъměloma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
sъmělama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
sъměloma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
sъměla (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
sъmělě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
sъmělě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
sъměloma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
sъmělama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
sъměloma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
sъmělu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
sъmělu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
sъmělu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
sъměla (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
sъmělě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
sъmělě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
sъměli (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
sъměly (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
sъměla (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
sъmělъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
sъmělъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
sъmělъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
sъmělomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
sъmělamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
sъmělomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
sъměly (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
sъměly (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
sъměla (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
sъměly (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
sъmělami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
sъměly (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
sъmělěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
sъmělaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
sъmělěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
sъměli (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
sъměly (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
sъměla (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
sъmělъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
sъmělaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
sъměloje (definite neuter nominative singular)
sъmělajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
sъmělyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
sъmělajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
sъmělujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
sъmělěji (dative definite feminine singular)
sъmělujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
sъmělъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
sъmělǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
sъměloje (accusative definite neuter singular)
sъmělyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
sъmělǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
sъmělyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
sъmělějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
sъmělěji (definite feminine locative singular)
sъmělějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
sъmělъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
sъmělaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
sъměloje (definite neuter singular vocative)
sъmělaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
sъmělěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
sъmělěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
sъměluju (definite dual genitive masculine)
sъměluju (definite dual feminine genitive)
sъměluju (definite dual genitive neuter)
sъmělyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
sъmělyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
sъmělyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
sъmělaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
sъmělěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
sъmělěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
sъmělyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
sъmělyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
sъmělyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
sъměluju (definite dual locative masculine)
sъměluju (definite dual feminine locative)
sъměluju (definite dual locative neuter)
sъmělaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
sъmělěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
sъmělěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
sъměliji (definite masculine nominative plural)
sъmělyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
sъmělaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
sъmělъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
sъmělъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
sъmělъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
sъmělyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
sъmělyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
sъmělyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
sъmělyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
sъmělyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
sъmělaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
sъmělyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
sъmělyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
sъmělyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
sъmělyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
sъmělyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
sъmělyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
sъměliji (definite masculine plural vocative)
sъmělyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
sъmělaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: съмѣлъ (sŭmělŭ)

Belarusian: сме́лы (smjély)

Russian: сме́лый (smélyj)

Ukrainian: смі́лий (smílyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: смѣлъ (smělŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⰿⱑⰾⱏ (smělŭ)

Bulgarian: смел (smel)

Macedonian: смел (smel)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: смѐо

Latin script: smèo

Slovene: smẹ̑ł (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: smělý

Czech: smělý

Old Polish: śmiały

Polish: śmiały

Slovak: smelý

Past participle of *sъměti (with suffix *-lъ).


smǫgnǫti

Traditionally reconstructed as *smugnǫti and connected with Lithuanian smáugti, English smoke, Ancient Greek σμύχω (smúkhō), Armenian մուխ (mux). In view of *smogorъ, *smogolь, *smagnǫti, may be seen as a secondary nasalisation and related to Lithuanian smógos, smogóti; compare *smęgnǫti.


svьrdьlъ

svьrdьlъ (nominative singular)
svьrdьla (dual nominative)
svьrdьli (nominative plural)
svьrdьla (genitive singular)
svьrdьlu (dual genitive)
svьrdьlъ (genitive plural)
svьrdьlu (dative singular)
svьrdьloma (dative dual)
svьrdьlomъ (dative plural)
svьrdьlъ (accusative singular)
svьrdьla (accusative dual)
svьrdьly (accusative plural)
svьrdьlъmь (instrumental singular)
svьrdьlomь (instrumental singular)
svьrdьloma (dual instrumental)
svьrdьly (instrumental plural)
svьrdьlě (locative singular)
svьrdьlu (dual locative)
svьrdьlěxъ (locative plural)
svьrdьle (singular vocative)
svьrdьla (dual vocative)
svьrdьli (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: свьрдьлъ (svĭrdĭlŭ), свьрдьло (svĭrdĭlo)

Belarusian: све́рдзел (svjérdzjel)

Russian: све́рдел (svérdel), све́рел (svérel), сверло́ (sverló)

Ukrainian: све́рдел (svérdel), све́рдло (svérdlo)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: свъ́рдел (svǎ́rdel), свръ́дел (svrǎ́del), свре́дел (svrédel)

→ Romanian: sfredel

Serbian Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: свръдьлъ (svrŭdĭlŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: свр̏дао, свр̏дло

Latin: svȑdao, svȑdlo

Slovene: svẹ́der

West Slavic:

Czech: svider

Polish: świder


orz-

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: роз- (roz-)

Old Ruthenian: роз- (roz-)

Belarusian: раз- (raz-)

Ukrainian: роз- (roz-)

Russian: раз- (raz-)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: раз- (raz-)

Glagolitic script: ⱃⰰⰸ- (raz-)

Bulgarian: раз- (raz-)

Macedonian: раз- (raz-)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: раз-

Latin script: raz-

Slovene: raz-

West Slavic:

Old Czech: roz-

Czech: roz-

Old Polish: roz-
Polish: roz-

Slovak: roz-

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: roz-

Lower Sorbian: roz-

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: roz-

Slovincian: rôz-

From earlier *ord-z-, with -z- by analogy with *bez-, *vъz- and *jьz-. Cognate with Sanskrit अर्ध (ardhá, “half; halved”), ऋधक् (ṛ́dhak, “separately”) and Younger Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (ar^əδa, “side; half-”).


smagnǫti

East Slavic:

Belarusian: сма́гнуць (smáhnucʹ)

Russian: сма́гнуть (smágnutʹ)

Ukrainian: сма́гнути (smáhnuty)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сма̀гнути

Latin script: smàgnuti

Slovene: smágniti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: smahnout

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: smagnuś

Upper Sorbian: smahnyć

Traditionally connected with Lithuanian smáugti, English smoke, Ancient Greek σμύχω (smúkhō), Armenian մուխ (mux). The root vocalism presents serious problems; influence of other roots has been proposed, such as *pragnǫti (“thirst”). It may be instead compared to Lithuanian smógos (“thirst”), smogóti.


ablonь

àblonь (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
àblonь (nominative singular)
àbloni (dual nominative)
àbloni (nominative plural)
àblonī (genitive singular)
àblonьju (dual genitive)
àblonьjь (genitive plural)
àbloni (dative singular)
àblonьma (dative dual)
àblonьmъ (dative plural)
àblonь (accusative singular)
àbloni (accusative dual)
àbloni (accusative plural)
àblonьjǫ (instrumental singular)
àblonьma (dual instrumental)
àblonьmī (instrumental plural)
àblonī (locative singular)
àblonьju (dual locative)
àblonьxъ (locative plural)
abloni (singular vocative)
àbloni (dual vocative)
àbloni (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ꙗблонь (jablonĭ)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: ꙗ́блонь (jáblonʹ)
Ukrainian: я́блунь (jáblunʹ); я́блонь (jáblonʹ), я́блінь (jáblinʹ), я́блун (jáblun) (dialectal)

Russian: я́блонь (jáblonʹ)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jablon

Czech: jabloň

Polabian: joblün

Old Polish: jabłoń, jebłoń

Polish: jabłoń, jabłeń (dialectal)

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: jabłóń

Slovincian: jablón

Slovak: jabloň

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: jabłoń

Upper Sorbian: jabłoń

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

(botany) Alternative form of *àbolnь (“apple tree”)