sokolъ

sȍkolъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
sȍkolъ (nominative singular)
sȍkola (dual nominative)
sȍkoli (nominative plural)
sȍkola (genitive singular)
sokolù (dual genitive)
sokòlъ (genitive plural)
sȍkolu (dative singular)
sokolomà (dative dual)
sokolòmъ (dative plural)
sȍkolъ (accusative singular)
sȍkola (accusative dual)
sȍkoly (accusative plural)
sȍkolъmь (instrumental singular)
sȍkolomь (instrumental singular)
sokolomà (dual instrumental)
sokolý (instrumental plural)
sȍkolě (locative singular)
sokolù (dual locative)
sokolě̃xъ (locative plural)
sokole (singular vocative)
sȍkola (dual vocative)
sȍkoli (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: соко́лъ (sokólŭ)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: со́колъ (sókol)
Belarusian: со́кал (sókal), сако́л (sakól)
Carpathian Rusyn: со́кул (sókul)
Ukrainian: со́кіл (sókil)

Russian: со́кол (sókol)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: соколъ (sokolŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱁⰽⱁⰾⱏ (sokolŭ)

Bulgarian: соко́л (sokól)

Macedonian: сокол (sokol)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: со̏кол, со̏ко

Latin script: sȍkol, sȍko

Slovene: sókol (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sokol

Czech: sokol

Kashubian: sokół

Old Polish: sokół

Polish: sokół

Slovak: sokol

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: sokoł

Upper Sorbian: sokoł

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: sokol

Either from *sokotati (“about the sounds of birds”) or *sočiti (“to chase, track”) + *-olъ.


trьvoga

a (accent-paradigm)
trьvoga (nominative singular)
trьvodzě (dual nominative)
trьvogy (nominative plural)
trьvogy (genitive singular)
trьvogu (dual genitive)
trьvogъ (genitive plural)
trьvodzě (dative singular)
trьvogama (dative dual)
trьvogamъ (dative plural)
trьvogǫ (accusative singular)
trьvodzě (accusative dual)
trьvogy (accusative plural)
trьvogojǫ (instrumental singular)
trьvogǭ (instrumental singular)
trьvogama (dual instrumental)
trьvogamī (instrumental plural)
trьvodzě (locative singular)
trьvogu (dual locative)
trьvogasъ (locative plural)
trьvogaxъ (locative plural)
trьvogo (singular vocative)
trьvodzě (dual vocative)
trьvogy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: трыво́га (tryvóha)

Russian: трево́га (trevóga)

→ Bulgarian: трево́га (trevóga)

→ Macedonian: тревога (trevoga)

Ukrainian: триво́га (tryvóha)

West Slavic:

Polish: trwoga

Of unclear origin; perhaps from *trьvati (“to endure, to evade”) + *-oga. The etymon has also been compared to Russian отва́га (otvága, “bravery”), which is of Germanic origin.


xytrъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *xytrъ (hard)

Definite declension of *xytrъ (hard)

xytrъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
xytra (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
xytro (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
xytra (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
xytry (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
xytra (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
xytru (dative indefinite masculine singular)
xytrě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
xytru (dative indefinite neuter singular)
xytrъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
xytrǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
xytro (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
xytromь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
xytrojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
xytromь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
xytrě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
xytrě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
xytrě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
xytre (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
xytro (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
xytro (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
xytra (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
xytrě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
xytrě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
xytru (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
xytru (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
xytru (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
xytroma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
xytrama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
xytroma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
xytra (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
xytrě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
xytrě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
xytroma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
xytrama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
xytroma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
xytru (dual indefinite locative masculine)
xytru (dual feminine indefinite locative)
xytru (dual indefinite locative neuter)
xytra (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
xytrě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
xytrě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
xytri (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
xytry (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
xytra (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
xytrъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
xytrъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
xytrъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
xytromъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
xytramъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
xytromъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
xytry (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
xytry (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
xytra (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
xytry (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
xytrami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
xytry (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
xytrěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
xytraxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
xytrěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
xytri (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
xytry (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
xytra (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
xytrъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
xytraja (definite feminine nominative singular)
xytroje (definite neuter nominative singular)
xytrajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
xytryję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
xytrajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
xytrujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
xytrěji (dative definite feminine singular)
xytrujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
xytrъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
xytrǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
xytroje (accusative definite neuter singular)
xytryjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
xytrǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
xytryjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
xytrějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
xytrěji (definite feminine locative singular)
xytrějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
xytrъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
xytraja (definite feminine singular vocative)
xytroje (definite neuter singular vocative)
xytraja (definite dual masculine nominative)
xytrěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
xytrěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
xytruju (definite dual genitive masculine)
xytruju (definite dual feminine genitive)
xytruju (definite dual genitive neuter)
xytryjima (dative definite dual masculine)
xytryjima (dative definite dual feminine)
xytryjima (dative definite dual neuter)
xytraja (accusative definite dual masculine)
xytrěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
xytrěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
xytryjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
xytryjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
xytryjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
xytruju (definite dual locative masculine)
xytruju (definite dual feminine locative)
xytruju (definite dual locative neuter)
xytraja (definite dual masculine vocative)
xytrěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
xytrěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
xytriji (definite masculine nominative plural)
xytryję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
xytraja (definite neuter nominative plural)
xytrъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
xytrъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
xytrъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
xytryjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
xytryjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
xytryjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
xytryję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
xytryję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
xytraja (accusative definite neuter plural)
xytryjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
xytryjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
xytryjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
xytryjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
xytryjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
xytryjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
xytriji (definite masculine plural vocative)
xytryję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
xytraja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: хꙑтръ (xytrŭ)

Belarusian: хі́тры (xítry)

Russian: хи́трый (xítryj)

Ukrainian: хи́трий (xýtryj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: хꙑтръ (xytrŭ)

Bulgarian: хи́тър (hítǎr)

Macedonian: итар (itar)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: хи̏тар

Latin script: hȉtar

Slovene: híter (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: chytrý

Czech: chytrý

Polish: chytry

Slovak: chytrý

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: chětry

Lower Sorbian: chytšy

Non-Slavic:

→ Yiddish: כיטרע (khitre)

Morphologically *xyt- + *-rъ. The stem *xyt- is a zero-grade variant of *xvatiti (“to grasp, to catch”). Of the same origin is also Russian хищник (xiščnik, “predator”). Ultimately, the lemma likely shares the same origin as *xъtěti (“to want, to intend”).


olějь

olějь (nominative singular)
olěja (dual nominative)
olěji (nominative plural)
olěja (genitive singular)
olěju (dual genitive)
olějь (genitive plural)
olěju (dative singular)
olějema (dative dual)
olějemъ (dative plural)
olějь (accusative singular)
olěja (accusative dual)
olěję̇ (accusative plural)
olějьmь (instrumental singular)
olějemь (instrumental singular)
olějema (dual instrumental)
olěji (instrumental plural)
olěji (locative singular)
olěju (dual locative)
olějixъ (locative plural)
olěju (singular vocative)
olěja (dual vocative)
olěji (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: олѣи (olěi, “olive oil”)

Old Ruthenian: олѣй (olěj), алѣй (alěj)

Belarusian: алей (aljej)

Ukrainian: олія (olija)

South Slavic:

Slovene: olje

Old Church Slavonic: олѣи (olěi)

→ Romanian: ulei

West Slavic:

Czech: olej

Polish: olej

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wolej

Upper Sorbian: wolij

Borrowed from Latin oleum, or directly from Ancient Greek ἔλαιον (élaion).


o(b)rěxъ

orěxъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
ȍrěxъ (nominative singular)
ȍbrěxъ (nominative singular)
ȍrěxa (dual nominative)
ȍbrěxa (dual nominative)
ȍrěśi (nominative plural)
ȍbrěśi (nominative plural)
ȍrěxa (genitive singular)
ȍbrěxa (genitive singular)
orěxù (dual genitive)
obrěxù (dual genitive)
orě̃xъ (genitive plural)
obrě̃xъ (genitive plural)
ȍrěxu (dative singular)
ȍbrěxu (dative singular)
orěxomà (dative dual)
obrěxomà (dative dual)
orěxòmъ (dative plural)
obrěxòmъ (dative plural)
ȍrěxъ (accusative singular)
ȍbrěxъ (accusative singular)
ȍrěxa (accusative dual)
ȍbrěxa (accusative dual)
ȍrěxy (accusative plural)
ȍbrěxy (accusative plural)
ȍrěxъmь (instrumental singular)
ȍbrěxъmь (instrumental singular)
ȍrěxomь (instrumental singular)
ȍbrěxomь (instrumental singular)
orěxomà (dual instrumental)
obrěxomà (dual instrumental)
orěxý (instrumental plural)
obrěxý (instrumental plural)
ȍrěśě (locative singular)
ȍbrěśě (locative singular)
orěxù (dual locative)
obrěxù (dual locative)
orěśě̃xъ (locative plural)
obrěśě̃xъ (locative plural)
orěše (singular vocative)
obrěše (singular vocative)
ȍrěxa (dual vocative)
ȍbrěxa (dual vocative)
ȍrěśi (plural vocative)
ȍbrěśi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: орѣхъ (orěxŭ)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: орѣ́хъ (orě́x)
Belarusian: арэ́х (aréx), гарэ́х (haréx)
Carpathian Rusyn: орі́х (oríx)
Ukrainian: горі́х (horíx); орі́х (oríx), ворі́х (voríx), йорі́х (joríx), оре́х (oréx) (dialectal)

Russian: оре́х (oréx)
→ Kildin Sami: орех (orjex)
→ Skolt Sami: ååʹreh

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: орѣхъ (orěxŭ)

Bulgarian: о́рех (óreh)

Macedonian: орев (orev, “walnut”)

Serbo-Croatian: о̀рах, òrah

Slovene: óreh

West Slavic:

Old Czech: ořěch

Czech: ořech

Kashubian: òrzech

Polabian: vrex

Polish: orzech

Silesian: ôrzech

Old Slovak: orech

Pannonian Rusyn: орех (orex)

Slovak: orech

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wórjech

Upper Sorbian: worjech


ob rokъ

West Slavic:

>? Kashubian: ŭórok

Polish: orok (dialectal)

Slovincian: wôrôk


trěska

trěska (nominative singular)
trěscě (dual nominative)
trěsky (nominative plural)
trěsky (genitive singular)
trěsku (dual genitive)
trěskъ (genitive plural)
trěscě (dative singular)
trěskama (dative dual)
trěskamъ (dative plural)
trěskǫ (accusative singular)
trěscě (accusative dual)
trěsky (accusative plural)
trěskojǫ (instrumental singular)
trěskǫ (instrumental singular)
trěskama (dual instrumental)
trěskami (instrumental plural)
trěscě (locative singular)
trěsku (dual locative)
trěskasъ (locative plural)
trěskaxъ (locative plural)
trěsko (singular vocative)
trěscě (dual vocative)
trěsky (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: трѣска (trěska), треска (treska)

Belarusian: трэска (treska), треска (trjeska)

Russian: тре́ска (tréska), треска́ (treská)

→ Bulgarian: тре́ска (tréska)

→ Czech: treska

→ Lithuanian: treska

→ Slovak: treska

Ukrainian: тріска (triska)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: трѣска (trěska)

Glagolitic: ⱅⱃⱑⱄⰽⰰ (trěska)

Bulgarian: треска́ (treská)

Macedonian: треска (treska)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тре̏ска

Latin script: trȅska

Slovene: treskà, tŕska

West Slavic:

Old Czech: třieska

Czech: tříska

Polish: trzaska

Slovak: trieska

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: třěska

Lower Sorbian: tśěska

For the meaning "cod" compare Polish wątłusz (“cod”) (< wątły (“frail”)), Slovene polénovka (< poléno (“log”)), German Stockfisch (“stockfish”) (< Stock (“stick”)). Less likely, cognate with Proto-Germanic *þurskaz (< *ters- (“to dry; wither; thirst”)).

cod (the fish) (East Slavic and Slovene only)


trьstь

trьstь (canonical)
trъstь (canonical feminine)
trьstь (nominative singular)
trьsti (dual nominative)
trьsti (nominative plural)
trьsti (genitive singular)
trьstьju (dual genitive)
trьsťu (dual genitive)
trьstьjь (genitive plural)
trьsti (genitive plural)
trьsti (dative singular)
trьstьma (dative dual)
trьstьmъ (dative plural)
trьstь (accusative singular)
trьsti (accusative dual)
trьsti (accusative plural)
trьstьjǫ (instrumental singular)
trьsťǫ (instrumental singular)
trьstьma (dual instrumental)
trьstьmi (instrumental plural)
trьsti (locative singular)
trьstьju (dual locative)
trьsťu (dual locative)
trьstьxъ (locative plural)
trьsti (singular vocative)
trьsti (dual vocative)
trьsti (plural vocative)
trъstь (nominative singular)
trъsti (dual nominative)
trъsti (nominative plural)
trъsti (genitive singular)
trъstьju (dual genitive)
trъsťu (dual genitive)
trъstьjь (genitive plural)
trъsti (genitive plural)
trъsti (dative singular)
trъstьma (dative dual)
trъstьmъ (dative plural)
trъstь (accusative singular)
trъsti (accusative dual)
trъsti (accusative plural)
trъstьjǫ (instrumental singular)
trъsťǫ (instrumental singular)
trъstьma (dual instrumental)
trъstьmi (instrumental plural)
trъsti (locative singular)
trъstьju (dual locative)
trъsťu (dual locative)
trъstьxъ (locative plural)
trъsti (singular vocative)
trъsti (dual vocative)
trъsti (plural vocative)

Old East Slavic: трьсть (trĭstĭ), тръсть (trŭstĭ)

Belarusian:

⇒ Belarusian: трыснёг (trysnjóh)

Russian: тресть (trestʹ), трость (trostʹ)

⇒ Russian: тростни́к (trostník), тро́стка (tróstka), трости́на (trostína)

Ukrainian: трость (trostʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: трьсть (trĭstĭ), тръсть (trŭstĭ)

Glagolitic script: [Term?]

Bulgarian: тряст (trjast), тръст (trǎst)

⇒ Bulgarian: тръстика (trǎstika)

⇒ Macedonian: трска (trska)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тр̑ст,

Latin script: tȓst

Slovene: tȓst (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: trest

Czech: tresť

⇒ Czech: třtina

⇒ Kashubian: strzëna

Old Polish: treść
Polish: treść

Slovak: trsť

Sorbian:

⇒ Lower Sorbian: sćina

⇒ Upper Sorbian: sćina

Unclear, perhaps:
# from Proto-Indo-European *sterh₁- (“stiff”) as Proto-Germanic *staraz (“stiff”), Latin strēnuus (“brisk”), from which root with extension *(s)treg- (“rigid, stiff”) from which Proto-Germanic *strakaz (“firm, rigid”)
# from Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃- (“stretching”)


nadeďa

nadeďa (nominative singular)
nadeďi (dual nominative)
nadeďę̇ (nominative plural)
nadeďę̇ (genitive singular)
nadeďu (dual genitive)
nadeďь (genitive plural)
nadeďi (dative singular)
nadeďama (dative dual)
nadeďamъ (dative plural)
nadeďǫ (accusative singular)
nadeďi (accusative dual)
nadeďę̇ (accusative plural)
nadeďejǫ (instrumental singular)
nadeďǫ (instrumental singular)
nadeďama (dual instrumental)
nadeďami (instrumental plural)
nadeďi (locative singular)
nadeďu (dual locative)
nadeďasъ (locative plural)
nadeďaxъ (locative plural)
nadeďe (singular vocative)
nadeďi (dual vocative)
nadeďę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: надежа (nadeža), надѣжа (naděža); Надежа (Nadeža, “given name”)

Old Ruthenian: надежа (nadeža)

Belarusian: надзе́жа (nadzjéža), надзёжа (nadzjóža)

Ukrainian: на́джа (nádža) (dialectal)

Russian: надёжа (nadjóža) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: надежда (nadežda)

Glagolitic script: ⱀⰰⰴⰵⰶⰴⰰ (nadežda)

Macedonian: надеж (nadež)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: на̀деђа (archaic, poetic)

Latin script: nàdeđa (archaic, poetic)


terba

a (accent-paradigm)
terba (nominative singular)
tèrbě (dual nominative)
tèrby (nominative plural)
tèrby (genitive singular)
tèrbu (dual genitive)
tèrbъ (genitive plural)
tèrbě (dative singular)
tèrbama (dative dual)
tèrbamъ (dative plural)
tèrbǫ (accusative singular)
tèrbě (accusative dual)
tèrby (accusative plural)
tèrbojǫ (instrumental singular)
tèrbǭ (instrumental singular)
tèrbama (dual instrumental)
tèrbamī (instrumental plural)
tèrbě (locative singular)
tèrbu (dual locative)
tèrbasъ (locative plural)
tèrbaxъ (locative plural)
tèrbo (singular vocative)
tèrbě (dual vocative)
tèrby (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: тереба (tereba)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: трѣба (trěba)

Glagolitic: ⱅⱃⱑⰱⰰ (trěba)

Bulgarian: тря́ба (trjába) (now non-standard)

⇒ Bulgarian: тря́бва (trjábva)

Macedonian: треба (treba)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тре́ба, тријѐба

Latin: tréba, trijèba

Slovene: treba

West Slavic:

Kashubian: trzeba

Old Czech: třěba
Czech: třeba

desctree

Old Polish: trzeba
Polish: trzeba
Silesian: trzeba

Slovak: treba

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: tŕeba

Upper Sorbian: trjeba

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: treabă

From Proto-Indo-European *terp- (“to satisfy”). Possibly related to Baltic Old Prussian еntеrреn (“useful”), Lithuanian tarpà (“prosperity, growth”), Lithuanian tar̃pti, tarpstù (“to flourish”).
Cognate with Proto-Germanic *þarbō (Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽 (þaurban, “to need, be in want”), Old English þearf (“need”), Old Norse þarfr (“useful”)), Ancient Greek τέρπω (térpō, “I please”), Sanskrit तृप्यति (tṛ́pyati, “to be satisfied”).


zobь

zȍbь (canonical feminine)
c (accent-paradigm)
zȍbь (nominative singular)
zȍbi (dual nominative)
zȍbi (nominative plural)
zobí (genitive singular)
zobьjù (dual genitive)
zobь̀jь (genitive plural)
zȍbi (dative singular)
zobьmà (dative dual)
zȍbьmъ (dative plural)
zȍbь (accusative singular)
zȍbi (accusative dual)
zȍbi (accusative plural)
zobьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
zobьmà (dual instrumental)
zobьmì (instrumental plural)
zobí (locative singular)
zobьjù (dual locative)
zȍbьxъ (locative plural)
zobi (singular vocative)
zȍbi (dual vocative)
zȍbi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: зобь (zobĭ)

Belarusian: зоб (zob)

Russian: зоб (zob), зобь (zobʹ)

Ukrainian: зоб (zob)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: зоб (zob)

Macedonian: зоб (zob)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: зо̑б

Latin script: zȏb

Slovene: zọ̑b (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: zob

Kashubian: dzëba, dzób (rare), dzëb (rare), dzub (archaic), zëba (archaic), zób (archaic), zëb (archaic), zub (archaic)

Polish: zób, dziób

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: zob

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *ǵebʰ- (“jaw, mouth”). Cognate to Lithuanian žė̃bti. Compare also Old English ċeafl, German Kiefer, Irish gob, Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬟𐬀𐬭𐬆 (zafar^ə, “mouth”), and especially Proto-Germanic *kafą (“chaff”).


ešče

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

desc

Old Ruthenian: єще (ješče), єсче (jesče), єщо (ješčo), ище (išče)

Belarusian: яшчэ́ (jaščé), шчэ (šče)

Carpathian Rusyn: ще (šče), щи (ščy), ищи (yščy), іщи (iščy)

Ukrainian: ще (šče), іще́ (iščé)

Russian: ещё (ješčó), ещежды (ješčeždy), ощо (oščo) (dialectal), ешто (ješto) (dialectal)

Old Novgorodian: ѥще (ješče)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: еще (ešte)

Bulgarian: о́ще (óšte), еще (ešte) (obsolete), ешче (ešče) (dialectal), йошкье (joškje) (Torlakian dialect)

Macedonian: уште (ušte)

Serbo-Croatian

Cyrillic: јо̏ш, јо̏шт, јо̏ште

Latin: jȍš, jȍšt, jȍšte

Slovene: šȅ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: jesz

Old Czech: ješče
Czech: ještě

desctree

Old Polish: jeszcze
Polish: jeszcze
Silesian: jeszcze

Polabian: jist, hist

Slovak: ešte

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: hišće

Lower Sorbian: hyšći

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *eske, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éskʷe, probably a compound of *h₁es- (“to be”) + *-kʷe (conjunctive enclitic).


jasli

jàsli (canonical feminine plural)
jasli (nominative plural)
jaslьjь (genitive plural)
jaslьmъ (dative plural)
jasli (accusative plural)
jaslьmi (instrumental plural)
jaslьxъ (locative plural)
jasli (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: ꙗсли (jasli) (Russian), ꙗсли pl (jasli)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ꙗсли (jasli)

Belarusian: я́слі pl (jásli)

Russian: я́сли pl (jásli)

Ukrainian: я́сла n pl (jásla)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ꙗсли (jasli)

desc

Bulgarian: я́сла f (jásla), я́сли pl (jásli)

Macedonian: јасли pl (jasli)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ја̏сле f pl, ја̏сли f pl

Latin script: jasle, jasla f, jȁsla pl, jȁslo n

Slovene: jȃsli pl (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jěsli pl

Czech: jesle pl, jesli?, jaseľ, jaseľe, jaśle pl

Polish: jasła pl, jasły pl, jasło pl

Slovak: jasle pl

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: jasla pl, jasła

Lower Sorbian: jasła n pl

→ Romanian: iesle

From earlier *ědsli-, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēd-


okovъ

okòvъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
okòvъ (nominative singular)
okovà (dual nominative)
okovì (nominative plural)
okovà (genitive singular)
okovù (dual genitive)
okòvъ (genitive plural)
okovù (dative singular)
okovòma (dative dual)
okovòmъ (dative plural)
okòvъ (accusative singular)
okovà (accusative dual)
okovỳ (accusative plural)
okovъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
okovòmь (instrumental singular)
okovòma (dual instrumental)
okòvy (instrumental plural)
okově̀ (locative singular)
okovù (dual locative)
okòvěxъ (locative plural)
okove (singular vocative)
okovà (dual vocative)
okovì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: оков (okov), оковы (okovy)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: окови (okovi)

Bulgarian: окови pl (okovi)

Macedonian: окови pl (okovi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: оков

Latin script: okov

Slovene: okȍv (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: okovy pl

Polish: okowy pl

Slovak: okovy pl


krъtъ

krъ̀tъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
krъ̀tъ (nominative singular)
krъtà (dual nominative)
krъtì (nominative plural)
krъtà (genitive singular)
krъtù (dual genitive)
krъ̀tъ (genitive plural)
krъtù (dative singular)
krъtòma (dative dual)
krъtòmъ (dative plural)
krъ̀tъ (accusative singular)
krъtà (accusative dual)
krъtỳ (accusative plural)
krъtъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
krъtòmь (instrumental singular)
krъtòma (dual instrumental)
krъ̀ty (instrumental plural)
krъtě̀ (locative singular)
krъtù (dual locative)
krъ̀těxъ (locative plural)
krъte (singular vocative)
krъtà (dual vocative)
krъtì (plural vocative)

East Slavic: кротъ (krotŭ), крътъ (krŭtŭ)

Belarusian: крот (krot)

Russian: крот (krot)

Ukrainian: кріт (krit)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: крътъ (krŭtŭ)

Bulgarian: крът m (krǎt), кърти́ца f (kǎrtíca)

Macedonian: крт m (krt), кртица f (krtica)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кр̀тица

Latin script: kr̀tica

Slovene: kȓt

West Slavic:

Old Czech: krt

Czech: krt, krtek

Kashubian: kret

Polabian: korťĕtüc

Polish: kret

Slovak: krt

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: kšet

Upper Sorbian: knot

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: cârtiță

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, to crook”) + *-ъtъ, related to Lithuanian kertùs (“shrew”) and perhaps Proto-Slavic *čьrtъ (“evil creature”).
May have been coined as an alternative to Proto-Balto-Slavic *kúrmis (“mole”) (whence Latvian kur̃mis, Lithuanian kùrmis) in order to avoid confusion with unrelated Proto-Slavic *kъrmъ (“fodder, nutrient”).

noncog

mole (burrowing mammal of the family Talpidae)


topolь

tȍpolь (canonical masculine)
topolь (nominative singular)
topoli (dual nominative)
topolьje (nominative plural)
topoli (genitive singular)
topolьju (dual genitive)
topolьjь (genitive plural)
topoli (dative singular)
topolьma (dative dual)
topolьmъ (dative plural)
topolь (accusative singular)
topoli (accusative dual)
topoli (accusative plural)
topolьmь (instrumental singular)
topolьma (dual instrumental)
topolьmi (instrumental plural)
topoli (locative singular)
topolьju (dual locative)
topolьxъ (locative plural)
topoli (singular vocative)
topoli (dual vocative)
topolьje (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: тополь (topolĭ)

desc

Belarusian: тапо́ля (tapólja), то́паль (tópalʹ)

Russian: то́поль (tópolʹ)

Ukrainian: топо́ля (topólja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: тополь (topolĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱅⱁⱂⱁⰾⱐ (topolĭ)

Bulgarian: топо́ла (topóla)

Macedonian: топола (topola)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: топо̀ла

Latin script: topòla

Slovene: topol m, topola f

West Slavic:

Old Czech: topol

Czech: topol

Old Polish: topola

Polish: topola

Slovak: topoľ

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: topoł

Upper Sorbian: topoł

Bulgarian: Топола (Topola, “a village at the northern coast of Bulgaria”)

⇒ Macedonian: Тополовиќ (Topoloviḱ, “a village in Macedonia”)

⇒ Byzantine Greek: Τοπολοβίκος (Topolobíkos, “a beck south of Αγία Βαρβάρα (Agía Varvára)”)

Czech: Topol (“a part of the town of Chrudim in Czechia”)

Slovak: Topoľčany (“town in the west of Slovakia”) local settlers got the name *Topoľčane – "those who live between poplars"

Ukrainian: Тополя (Topolja) / Slovak: Topoľa (“a village in the far east of Slovakia”)

Ukrainian: Тополя (Topolja, “two villages in the north of Ukraine”)

Likely akin to Lithuanian túopa (“poplar”), but beyond that unknown. Possibly related in some manner to Latin pōpulus (“poplar”) (whence German Pappel, Latvian papele). A direct borrowing from Vulgar Latin is usually dismissed, because Eastern Romance languages reflect instead an alternative form *ploppus → Romanian plop, Albanian plep.
Per Walde-Hoffmann, perhaps further akin to Ancient Greek πτελέη (pteléē, “elm”), ultimately from reduplication and subsequent dissimilation *p - p- → *t - p- of Proto-Indo-European *pelH- (“pale, gray”).

cog

poplar (genus of trees in family Salicaceae)

Marko Snoj
Topoľa
en:Topoľčany
mk:Тополовиќ
pl:Topola (ujednoznacznienie)
sh:Topolje (razvrstavanje)
uk:Тополя (значення)


ujь

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: уи (ui), вуи (vui)

Old Ruthenian: вуй (vuj), уй (uj)

Belarusian: вуй (vuj) (dialectal)

desc

Ukrainian: вуй (vuj), уй (uj) (dialectal)

Russian: уй (uj) (obsolete)

Old Novgorodian: *оуи (*ui)

South Slavic:

⇒ Bulgarian: вуйчо (vujčo)

Serbo-Croatian:

⇒ Cyrillic script: у̏ја̄к

⇒ Latin script: ȕjāk

⇒ Slovene: ujec

West Slavic:

⇒ Old Czech: ujec

Czech: ujec

Old Polish: uj

Polish: wuj

Slovak: ujo

Polabian: vaujă

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: wùja, ùja

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wuj

Lower Sorbian: wuj

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *auˀis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewh₂yos. Baltic cognates include Lithuanian avýnas, Old Prussian awis (“uncle”).


koxati

koxanьje (noun-from-verb)
koxati (infinitive)
koxatъ (supine)
koxalъ (l-participle)
koxanъ (participle passive past)
koxajemъ (participle passive present)
koxavъ (active participle past)
koxaję (active participle present)
koxaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
koxa (aorist second-person singular)
koxa (aorist singular third-person)
koxajǫ (first-person present singular)
koxaješi (present second-person singular)
koxajetь (present singular third-person)
koxaxově (aorist dual first-person)
koxasta (aorist dual second-person)
koxaste (aorist dual third-person)
koxajevě (dual first-person present)
koxajeta (dual present second-person)
koxajete (dual present third-person)
koxaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
koxaste (aorist plural second-person)
koxašę (aorist plural third-person)
koxajemъ (first-person plural present)
koxajete (plural present second-person)
koxajǫtь (plural present third-person)
koxaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
koxaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
koxaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
koxaji (imperative second-person singular)
koxaji (imperative singular third-person)
koxaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
koxaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
koxaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
koxajivě (dual first-person imperative)
koxajita (dual imperative second-person)
koxaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
koxaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
koxaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
koxajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
koxajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old Ruthenian: кохати (koxati)

Belarusian: каха́ць (kaxácʹ)

Ukrainian: коха́ти (koxáty)

Russian: коха́ть (koxátʹ) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kochati

Czech: kochati; kochat, kochať (dialectal)

Old Polish: kochać
Polish: kochać

Slovak: kochať

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: kòchac

Slovincian: kôchac

Often said to be from the root as in *kosnǫti and *kasati with an expressive infix *-x-, evolving semantically from “encountering” to “expressively paying honour” and hence “loving”, so Machek and repeated inter alios by Boryś, but, as Roman Jakobson remarks, it is in fact from the root for chicken: *kokošь (“hen”), Czech kokot (“cock”), Proto-Slavic *orzkošь (“voluptuousness, pleasure, orgasm”), Russian ко́ко́ (kókó, “egg”), Proto-Slavic *kočanъ meaning “head of cabbage”, “cob of corn”, “penis” across Slavic, the expression in Russian де́лать кому́-то ку́ры (délatʹ komú-to kúry) which is from French faire la cour but sounded as from кур (kur, “rooster”), etc. insinuate that *koxati is from an earlier *koksati evoking erotic rooster imagery. For this reason its early occurences in writing are rare, as it apparently was an unfine word.

cog

де́лать кому́-то ку́ры


orzkošь

orzkošь (nominative singular)
orzkoši (dual nominative)
orzkoši (nominative plural)
orzkoši (genitive singular)
orzkošьju (dual genitive)
orzkošьjь (genitive plural)
orzkoši (dative singular)
orzkošьma (dative dual)
orzkošьmъ (dative plural)
orzkošь (accusative singular)
orzkoši (accusative dual)
orzkoši (accusative plural)
orzkošьjǫ (instrumental singular)
orzkošьma (dual instrumental)
orzkošьmi (instrumental plural)
orzkoši (locative singular)
orzkošьju (dual locative)
orzkošьxъ (locative plural)
orzkoši (singular vocative)
orzkoši (dual vocative)
orzkoši (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: *розкошь (*rozkošĭ), *роскошь (*roskošĭ)

Belarusian: раско́ша (raskóša)

Russian: ро́скошь (róskošʹ)

Ukrainian: ро́зкіш (rózkiš)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: раскошь (raskošĭ)

Bulgarian: разко́ш (razkóš)

Macedonian: раскош (raskoš)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ра́скош

Latin script: ráskoš

Slovene: razkȏš

West Slavic:

Czech: rozkoš

Kashubian: rozkòsz

Polish: rozkosz

Slovak: rozkoš

Erotic cock imagery with *orz-, see *koxati (“to make love to”), *kokošь (“hen”), *kokotъ (“rooster”), Proto-Slavic *kočanъ meaning “head of cabbage”, “cob of corn”, “penis” across Slavic, and compare Proto-Slavic *kura (“hen”) and the expression Russian де́лать кому́-то ку́ры (délatʹ komú-to kúry) which is from French faire la cour but acquired a rooster-reminiscent double-entendre.

cog

де́лать кому́-то ку́ры


kolъ

kòlъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
kòlъ (nominative singular)
kolà (dual nominative)
kolì (nominative plural)
kolà (genitive singular)
kolù (dual genitive)
kòlъ (genitive plural)
kolù (dative singular)
kolòma (dative dual)
kolòmъ (dative plural)
kòlъ (accusative singular)
kolà (accusative dual)
kolỳ (accusative plural)
kolъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
kolòmь (instrumental singular)
kolòma (dual instrumental)
kòly (instrumental plural)
kolě̀ (locative singular)
kolù (dual locative)
kòlěxъ (locative plural)
kole (singular vocative)
kolà (dual vocative)
kolì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: кол (kol)

Russian: кол (kol)

Ukrainian: кіл (kil)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: колъ (kolŭ)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bularian: кол (kol)

Macedonian: кол (kol), колец (kolec)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: колац

Latin script: kolac

Slovene: kȍl (tonal orthography)

West: Slavic:

Old Czech: kól

Czech: kůl

Polish: kół

Slovak: kôl

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: kół

Upper Sorbian: kół

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kōlas. A neuter o-stem derivative of *kolti. Baltic cognates include Lithuanian kuõlas (“stake”).


ulьjь

ulьjь (nominative singular)
ulьja (dual nominative)
ulьji (nominative plural)
ulьja (genitive singular)
ulьju (dual genitive)
ulьjь (genitive plural)
ulьju (dative singular)
ulьjema (dative dual)
ulьjemъ (dative plural)
ulьjь (accusative singular)
ulьja (accusative dual)
ulьję̇ (accusative plural)
ulьjьmь (instrumental singular)
ulьjemь (instrumental singular)
ulьjema (dual instrumental)
ulьji (instrumental plural)
ulьji (locative singular)
ulьju (dual locative)
ulьjixъ (locative plural)
ulьju (singular vocative)
ulьja (dual vocative)
ulьji (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ву́лей (vúljej)

Russian: у́лей (úlej)

Carpathian Rusyn: уль (ulʹ)

Ukrainian: у́лій (úlij), ву́лій (vúlij)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: улей (ulej)

Macedonian: улиште (ulište) (< *ulьjьšče)

Slovene: ȗlj

West: Slavic:

Old Czech: úlí

Czech: úl

Bohemian (Chod dialect): houl

Polish: ul

Slovak: úľ

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wul

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *aulios, whence also Lithuanian aulỹs (“(bee)hive”), Latvian aũlis (“(bee)hive”), and Old Prussian aulis (“shin(bone)”); from an i-stem derivative of Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewlós, nominalization of *h₂ewlo- (“tube, hole, channel”), to which compare the dialectal meanings “hollow tree” in Slovene and “pipe,
opening” in Bulgarian.
Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek αὐλός (aulós, “tube, pipe, flute; haulm”), αὐλών (aulṓn, “hollow, channel, strait”), Old Armenian ուղի (ułi, “road, path, way”), Hittite [script needed] (halluwa-, “hollow, pit”) and/or 𒀀𒌑𒇷𒅖 (a-ú-li-iš /aulis/, “tube-shaped organ in the neck”), Latin alvus (“hollow, cavity; trough, hold of a ship”), and dialectal Norwegian aul (“(hollow stalk of) wild angelica”).


pǫto

pǫ̀to (canonical neuter)
a (accent-paradigm)
pǫto (nominative singular)
pǫ̀tě (dual nominative)
pǫ̀ta (nominative plural)
pǫ̀ta (genitive singular)
pǫ̀tu (dual genitive)
pǫ̀tъ (genitive plural)
pǫ̀tu (dative singular)
pǫ̀toma (dative dual)
pǫ̀tomъ (dative plural)
pǫto (accusative singular)
pǫ̀tě (accusative dual)
pǫ̀ta (accusative plural)
pǫ̀tъmь (instrumental singular)
pǫ̀tomь (instrumental singular)
pǫ̀toma (dual instrumental)
pǫ̀tȳ (instrumental plural)
pǫ̀tě (locative singular)
pǫ̀tu (dual locative)
pǫ̀tě̄xъ (locative plural)
pǫto (singular vocative)
pǫ̀tě (dual vocative)
pǫ̀ta (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: пу́та (púta)

Russian: пу́ты (púty) (plurale tantum)

Ukrainian: пу́то (púto)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: пѫто (pǫto)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пу̏то

Latin script: pȕto

West Slavic:

Old Czech: púto

Czech: pouto

Polish: pęto

Slovak: puto

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pyto

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pánˀta, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ponh₁-to-m, from *(s)penh₁- (“to twist, weave”). Cognate with Lithuanian pántis (“horse-lock”), Old Prussian panto (“fetter”), Old Armenian հանում (hanum, “to weave, sow together”).


greby

greby (nominative singular)
grebeni (dual nominative)
grebene (nominative plural)
grebene (genitive singular)
grebenu (dual genitive)
grebenъ (genitive plural)
grebeni (dative singular)
grebenьma (dative dual)
grebenьmъ (dative plural)
grebenь (accusative singular)
grebeni (accusative dual)
grebeni (accusative plural)
grebenьmь (instrumental singular)
grebenьma (dual instrumental)
grebenьmi (instrumental plural)
grebene (locative singular)
grebenu (dual locative)
grebenьxъ (locative plural)
greby (singular vocative)
grebeni (dual vocative)
grebene (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: грэ́бень (hrébjenʹ)

Russian: гре́бень (grébenʹ)

Ukrainian: гре́бінь (hrébinʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: гре́бен (grében)

Macedonian: гребен (greben)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гре̏бе̄н

Latin script: grȅbēn

Slovene: greben

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hřeben

Czech: hřeben

Kashubian: grzebiéń

Polish: grzebień

Slovak: hrebeň

From *greti + *-y. For the suffix compare Latin pecten (< pectō).


kremy

kremy (nominative singular)
kremeni (dual nominative)
kremene (nominative plural)
kremene (genitive singular)
kremenu (dual genitive)
kremenъ (genitive plural)
kremeni (dative singular)
kremenьma (dative dual)
kremenьmъ (dative plural)
kremenь (accusative singular)
kremeni (accusative dual)
kremeni (accusative plural)
kremenьmь (instrumental singular)
kremenьma (dual instrumental)
kremenьmi (instrumental plural)
kremene (locative singular)
kremenu (dual locative)
kremenьxъ (locative plural)
kremy (singular vocative)
kremeni (dual vocative)
kremene (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кремень (kremenĭ)

Belarusian: крэ́мень (krémjenʹ)

Russian: креме́нь (kreménʹ)

Ukrainian: кре́мінь (kréminʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: кремы (kremy)

Glagolitic script: ⰽⱃⰵⰿⱏⰺ (kremy)

Bulgarian: кремък (kremǎk)

Macedonian: кремен (kremen)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кре̏ме̄н

Latin script: krȅmēn

Slovene: kremen

West Slavic:

Old Czech: křemen

Czech: křemen (“quartz”)

Kashubian: krzem

Polabian: kremin

Polish: krzemień

Slovak: kremeň (“quartz”)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: křemjeń

Lower Sorbian: kśemjeń

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kremō; further etymology uncertain. Possibly from *(s)ker- (“to cut”). Baltic cognates include Latvian krams, krems.


pǫpъ

pǫpъ (nominative singular)
pǫpa (dual nominative)
pǫpi (nominative plural)
pǫpa (genitive singular)
pǫpu (dual genitive)
pǫpъ (genitive plural)
pǫpu (dative singular)
pǫpoma (dative dual)
pǫpomъ (dative plural)
pǫpъ (accusative singular)
pǫpa (accusative dual)
pǫpy (accusative plural)
pǫpъmь (instrumental singular)
pǫpomь (instrumental singular)
pǫpoma (dual instrumental)
pǫpy (instrumental plural)
pǫpě (locative singular)
pǫpu (dual locative)
pǫpěxъ (locative plural)
pǫpe (singular vocative)
pǫpa (dual vocative)
pǫpi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: пупъ (pupŭ)

Belarusian: пуп (pup)

Russian: пуп (pup)

Ukrainian: пуп (pup)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: пѫпъ (pǫpŭ)

Bulgarian: пъп (pǎp), пъмп (pǎmp) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пу̏п

Latin script: pȕp

Slovene: pọ̑p (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: pãp

Old Polish: pąp, pęp

Polish: pęp (obsolete)

Polabian: pǫp

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pup

Upper Sorbian: pup

From *pǫpъkъ (*pǫpъ + *-ъkъ)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: пупо́к (pupók)

Russian: пупо́к (pupók)

Ukrainian: пупо́к (pupók)

South Slavic:

Macedonian: папок (papok)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пу̏пак

Latin script: pȕpak

Slovene: pọ̑pək (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: pãpk

Old Czech: pupek

Czech: pupek

Old Polish: pąpek, pępek

desctree

Polish: pępek
→ Yiddish: פּעמפּיק (pempik)

Silesian: pympek

Slovak: pupok

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pamp-. Cognate with Lithuanian pampti (“to swell”), Lithuanian pim̃palas (“penis”), Latvian pimpis (“penis”).


mъknǫti

mъknǫ̀ti (canonical)
b (accent-paradigm)
mъčenьje (noun-from-verb)
mъknǫti (infinitive)
mъknǫtъ (supine)
mъklъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
mъčenъ (participle passive past)
mъknomъ (participle passive present)
mъkъ (active participle past)
mъkny (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
mъkъ (aorist first-person singular)
mъkoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
mъče (aorist second-person singular)
mъče (aorist singular third-person)
mъknǫ (first-person present singular)
mъkneši (present second-person singular)
mъknetь (present singular third-person)
mъkově (aorist dual first-person)
mъkoxově (aorist dual first-person)
mъketa (aorist dual second-person)
mъkosta (aorist dual second-person)
mъkete (aorist dual third-person)
mъkoste (aorist dual third-person)
mъknevě (dual first-person present)
mъkneta (dual present second-person)
mъknete (dual present third-person)
mъkomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mъkoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mъkete (aorist plural second-person)
mъkoste (aorist plural second-person)
mъkǫ (aorist plural third-person)
mъkošę (aorist plural third-person)
mъknemъ (first-person plural present)
mъknete (plural present second-person)
mъknǫtь (plural present third-person)
mъkněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mъkněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mъkněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
mъkni (imperative second-person singular)
mъkni (imperative singular third-person)
mъkněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mъkněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mъkněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mъkněvě (dual first-person imperative)
mъkněta (dual imperative second-person)
mъkněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mъkněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mъkněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mъkněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
mъkněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *мъкнѫти (*mŭknǫti)

Belarusian: мкнуць (mknucʹ)

Russian: -мкну́ть (-mknútʹ)

Ukrainian: -мкну́ти (-mknúty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: мъкнѫти (mŭknǫti)

Glagolitic script: ⰿⱏⰽⱀⱘⱅⰻ (mŭknǫti)

Bulgarian: мъ́кна (mǎ́kna)

Macedonian: мкне (mkne) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ма̀кнути

Latin script: màknuti

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: maknīti, mákniti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mknúti

Czech: mknout

Old Polish: mknąć

Polish: mknąć

Slovak: mknúť

Slovincian: mknõc

From older *mъťi

Serbo-Croatian: ма̏ћи

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *múktei (“to slip away, to flee, escape”), from Proto-Indo-European *mu-n-ék-ti ~ *mu-n-k-éti, from *(s)mewk-. Compare Latvian mukt (“knock off, slip”), Lithuanian mùkti, munkù, mukaũ (“be released, escape”).


grozdъ

gròzdъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
gròzdъ (nominative singular)
grozdà (dual nominative)
grozdì (nominative plural)
grozdà (genitive singular)
grozdù (dual genitive)
gròzdъ (genitive plural)
grozdù (dative singular)
grozdòma (dative dual)
grozdòmъ (dative plural)
gròzdъ (accusative singular)
grozdà (accusative dual)
grozdỳ (accusative plural)
grozdъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
grozdòmь (instrumental singular)
grozdòma (dual instrumental)
gròzdy (instrumental plural)
grozdě̀ (locative singular)
grozdù (dual locative)
gròzděxъ (locative plural)
grozde (singular vocative)
grozdà (dual vocative)
grozdì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гроздъ (grozdŭ)

Russian: гроздь (grozdʹ)

Old Ukrainian: гроздъ (hrozd)

Ukrainian: грозд (hrozd), грізд (hrizd)

Old Belarusian: гроздъ (hrozd)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: гроздъ (grozdŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰳⱃⱁⰸⰴⱏ (grozdŭ)

Bulgarian: грозд (grozd)

Macedonian: грозд (grozd)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гро̏зд

Latin script: grȍzd

Slovene: grȍzd (tonal orthography)

Rovte dialect (Črni vrh, Idrija): γrȏ̧st

Styrian (Zadrečka dolina): g'ru̯oːst

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰersdʰ-, *ǵʰresdʰ-. Cognate with Latin hordeum, Proto-Germanic *gerstō and Albanian drithë. Per another theory cognate with Proto-Germanic *grasą.

Rick Derksen
be:Аркадзь Іосіфавіч Жураўскі
uk:Гринчишин Дмитро Григорович


prostъ

prȍstъ (canonical)
prostъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
prosta (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
prosto (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
prosta (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
prosty (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
prosta (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
prostu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
prostě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
prostu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
prostъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
prostǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
prosto (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
prostomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
prostojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
prostomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
prostě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
prostě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
prostě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
proste (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
prosto (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
prosto (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
prosta (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
prostě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
prostě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
prostu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
prostu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
prostu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
prostoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
prostama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
prostoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
prosta (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
prostě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
prostě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
prostoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
prostama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
prostoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
prostu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
prostu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
prostu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
prosta (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
prostě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
prostě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
prosti (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
prosty (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
prosta (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
prostъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
prostъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
prostъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
prostomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
prostamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
prostomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
prosty (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
prosty (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
prosta (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
prosty (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
prostami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
prosty (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
prostěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
prostaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
prostěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
prosti (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
prosty (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
prosta (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
prostъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
prostaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
prostoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
prostajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
prostyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
prostajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
prostujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
prostěji (dative definite feminine singular)
prostujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
prostъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
prostǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
prostoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
prostyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
prostǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
prostyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
prostějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
prostěji (definite feminine locative singular)
prostějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
prostъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
prostaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
prostoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
prostaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
prostěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
prostěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
prostuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
prostuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
prostuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
prostyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
prostyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
prostyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
prostaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
prostěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
prostěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
prostyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
prostyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
prostyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
prostuju (definite dual locative masculine)
prostuju (definite dual feminine locative)
prostuju (definite dual locative neuter)
prostaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
prostěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
prostěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
prostiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
prostyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
prostaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
prostъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
prostъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
prostъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
prostyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
prostyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
prostyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
prostyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
prostyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
prostaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
prostyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
prostyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
prostyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
prostyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
prostyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
prostyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
prostiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
prostyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
prostaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *prostъ (hard)

Definite declension of *prostъ (hard)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: про́сты (prósty)

Russian: просто́й (prostój)

Ukrainian: прости́й (prostýj)

South Slavic:

desctree

Old Church Slavonic: простъ (prostŭ)
→ Romanian: prost
→ Russian: просто (prosto), прост (prost) — youth slang, Internet
→ Armenian: պռոստը (pṙostə)
→ Azerbaijani: prostu
→ Georgian: პროსტა (ṗrosṭa) (slang)
→ Czech: prostý
→ Serbo-Croatian: prost

Bulgarian: прост (prost)

Macedonian: прост (prost)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: про̏ст

Latin script: prȍst

Slovene: pròst

West Slavic:

Old Czech: prostý

Czech: prostý

Old Polish: prosty
Polish: prosty
Silesian: prosty

Old Slovak: prostý

Slovak: prostý

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: prosti

Slovincian: prôsty

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pšosty

Upper Sorbian: prosty

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: prost

→ Yiddish: פּראָסט (prost)

From Proto-Indo-European *pro-sth₂o-, from *steh₂- (“to stand”).


gumьno

gumьnò (canonical neuter)
b (accent-paradigm)
gūmьnò (nominative singular)
gumь̀ně (dual nominative)
gūmьnà (nominative plural)
gūmьnà (genitive singular)
gūmьnù (dual genitive)
gumь̀nъ (genitive plural)
gūmьnù (dative singular)
gūmьnòma (dative dual)
gūmьnòmъ (dative plural)
gūmьnò (accusative singular)
gumь̀ně (accusative dual)
gūmьnà (accusative plural)
gūmьnъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
gūmьnòmь (instrumental singular)
gūmьnòma (dual instrumental)
gumь̀ny (instrumental plural)
gūmьně̀ (locative singular)
gūmьnù (dual locative)
gumь̀něxъ (locative plural)
gūmьnò (singular vocative)
gumь̀ně (dual vocative)
gūmьnà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гꙋмьно (gumĭno)

Belarusian: гумно (humnó)

Russian: гумно́ (gumnó)

Ukrainian: гумно́ (humnó)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: гоумьно (gumĭno)

Bulgarian: гумно (gumno)

Macedonian: гумно (gumno)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гу́мно, гу́вно

Latin script: gúmno, gúvno

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: gúmno, gúvno, gúbno (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: humno

Czech: humno

Polabian: ďaimně

Polish: gumno

Old Slovak: humno

Slovak: humno

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: gumno

Upper Sorbian: huno

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gaw- ~ *gōw-, explained by Pogodin as compounded in pre-Proto-Slavic with its descendant of Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws—predecessor of *govь (“cow”) visible in *govędo (“cattlehead”), *govьno (“dung”), and *gavęzь (“bugloss”)—with *mьno formed from the stem of *męti (“to crumple, to scutch”) + *-o—the second noun is confirmed by Latvian mīnas m, mīne f (“clay puddling pit”).


grozьnъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *grozьnъ (hard)

Definite declension of *grozьnъ (hard)

grozьnъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
grozьna (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
grozьno (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
grozьna (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
grozьny (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
grozьna (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
grozьnu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
grozьně (dative feminine indefinite singular)
grozьnu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
grozьnъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
grozьnǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
grozьno (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
grozьnomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
grozьnojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
grozьnomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
grozьně (indefinite locative masculine singular)
grozьně (feminine indefinite locative singular)
grozьně (indefinite locative neuter singular)
grozьne (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
grozьno (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
grozьno (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
grozьna (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
grozьně (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
grozьně (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
grozьnu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
grozьnu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
grozьnu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
grozьnoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
grozьnama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
grozьnoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
grozьna (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
grozьně (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
grozьně (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
grozьnoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
grozьnama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
grozьnoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
grozьnu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
grozьnu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
grozьnu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
grozьna (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
grozьně (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
grozьně (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
grozьni (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
grozьny (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
grozьna (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
grozьnъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
grozьnъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
grozьnъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
grozьnomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
grozьnamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
grozьnomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
grozьny (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
grozьny (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
grozьna (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
grozьny (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
grozьnami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
grozьny (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
grozьněxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
grozьnaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
grozьněxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
grozьni (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
grozьny (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
grozьna (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
grozьnъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
grozьnaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
grozьnoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
grozьnajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
grozьnyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
grozьnajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
grozьnujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
grozьněji (dative definite feminine singular)
grozьnujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
grozьnъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
grozьnǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
grozьnoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
grozьnyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
grozьnǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
grozьnyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
grozьnějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
grozьněji (definite feminine locative singular)
grozьnějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
grozьnъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
grozьnaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
grozьnoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
grozьnaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
grozьněji (definite dual feminine nominative)
grozьněji (definite dual neuter nominative)
grozьnuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
grozьnuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
grozьnuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
grozьnyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
grozьnyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
grozьnyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
grozьnaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
grozьněji (accusative definite dual feminine)
grozьněji (accusative definite dual neuter)
grozьnyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
grozьnyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
grozьnyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
grozьnuju (definite dual locative masculine)
grozьnuju (definite dual feminine locative)
grozьnuju (definite dual locative neuter)
grozьnaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
grozьněji (definite dual feminine vocative)
grozьněji (definite dual neuter vocative)
grozьniji (definite masculine nominative plural)
grozьnyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
grozьnaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
grozьnъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
grozьnъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
grozьnъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
grozьnyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
grozьnyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
grozьnyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
grozьnyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
grozьnyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
grozьnaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
grozьnyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
grozьnyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
grozьnyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
grozьnyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
grozьnyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
grozьnyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
grozьniji (definite masculine plural vocative)
grozьnyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
grozьnaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: гро́зны (hrózny)

Russian: гро́зный (gróznyj)

Ukrainian: грі́зний (hríznyj)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: грозен (grozen) (ugly)

Macedonian: грозен (grozen)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гро̑зан

Latin script: grȏzan

Slovene: grȏzen

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hrozný

Czech: hrozný

Polish: groźny

Polabian: grüzně

Slovak: hrozný

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: hrozny (“enormous”)

From *groza + *-ьnъ, speculated to be of onomatopaeic origin. Cognate with Lithuanian gražus (“beautiful”), Latvian grezns (“splendid”) and possibly akin to Ancient Greek γοργός (gorgós, “terrifying”), Irish garg (“harsh, wild”).


xomǫtъ

xomǫtъ (nominative singular)
xomǫta (dual nominative)
xomǫti (nominative plural)
xomǫta (genitive singular)
xomǫtu (dual genitive)
xomǫtъ (genitive plural)
xomǫtu (dative singular)
xomǫtoma (dative dual)
xomǫtomъ (dative plural)
xomǫtъ (accusative singular)
xomǫta (accusative dual)
xomǫty (accusative plural)
xomǫtъmь (instrumental singular)
xomǫtomь (instrumental singular)
xomǫtoma (dual instrumental)
xomǫty (instrumental plural)
xomǫtě (locative singular)
xomǫtu (dual locative)
xomǫtěxъ (locative plural)
xomǫte (singular vocative)
xomǫta (dual vocative)
xomǫti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: хаму́т (xamút)

Russian: хому́т (xomút)

Ukrainian: хому́т (xomút)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: хомо́т (homót)

Macedonian: амут (amut)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: хо̏мут

Latin script: xȍmut

Slovene: homot

West Slavic:

Old Czech: chomút

Czech: chomout

Polish: chomąt, chomąto

Slovak: chomút

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: chomot

Upper Sorbian: chomot

Possibly an early borrowing from Turkic, compare Chuvash хӑмӑт (hămăt), Tatar камыт (qamıt), Kyrgyz каамыт (kaamıt).


grǫbъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *grǫbъ (hard)

Definite declension of *grǫbъ (hard)

grǫbъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
grǫba (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
grǫbo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
grǫba (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
grǫby (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
grǫba (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
grǫbu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
grǫbě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
grǫbu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
grǫbъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
grǫbǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
grǫbo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
grǫbomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
grǫbojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
grǫbomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
grǫbě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
grǫbě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
grǫbě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
grǫbe (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
grǫbo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
grǫbo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
grǫba (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
grǫbě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
grǫbě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
grǫbu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
grǫbu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
grǫbu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
grǫboma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
grǫbama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
grǫboma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
grǫba (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
grǫbě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
grǫbě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
grǫboma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
grǫbama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
grǫboma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
grǫbu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
grǫbu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
grǫbu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
grǫba (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
grǫbě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
grǫbě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
grǫbi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
grǫby (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
grǫba (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
grǫbъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
grǫbъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
grǫbъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
grǫbomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
grǫbamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
grǫbomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
grǫby (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
grǫby (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
grǫba (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
grǫby (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
grǫbami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
grǫby (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
grǫběxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
grǫbaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
grǫběxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
grǫbi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
grǫby (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
grǫba (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
grǫbъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
grǫbaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
grǫboje (definite neuter nominative singular)
grǫbajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
grǫbyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
grǫbajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
grǫbujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
grǫběji (dative definite feminine singular)
grǫbujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
grǫbъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
grǫbǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
grǫboje (accusative definite neuter singular)
grǫbyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
grǫbǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
grǫbyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
grǫbějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
grǫběji (definite feminine locative singular)
grǫbějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
grǫbъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
grǫbaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
grǫboje (definite neuter singular vocative)
grǫbaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
grǫběji (definite dual feminine nominative)
grǫběji (definite dual neuter nominative)
grǫbuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
grǫbuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
grǫbuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
grǫbyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
grǫbyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
grǫbyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
grǫbaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
grǫběji (accusative definite dual feminine)
grǫběji (accusative definite dual neuter)
grǫbyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
grǫbyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
grǫbyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
grǫbuju (definite dual locative masculine)
grǫbuju (definite dual feminine locative)
grǫbuju (definite dual locative neuter)
grǫbaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
grǫběji (definite dual feminine vocative)
grǫběji (definite dual neuter vocative)
grǫbiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
grǫbyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
grǫbaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
grǫbъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
grǫbъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
grǫbъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
grǫbyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
grǫbyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
grǫbyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
grǫbyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
grǫbyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
grǫbaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
grǫbyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
grǫbyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
grǫbyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
grǫbyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
grǫbyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
grǫbyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
grǫbiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
grǫbyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
grǫbaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: грѫбъ (grǫbŭ), грубъ (grubŭ)

Old Ruthenian: гру́бый (hrúbyj)

Belarusian: гру́бы (hrúby)

Carpathian Rusyn: гру́бый (hrúbŷj)

Ukrainian: гру́бий (hrúbyj)

→ Silesian: hruby

Russian: гру́бый (grúbyj); грубо́й (grubój) (dialectal)

→ Lithuanian: grubus

→ Latvian: grubuļains

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: грѫбъ (grǫbŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰳⱃⱘⰱⱏ (grǫbŭ)

Bulgarian: груб (grub)

Macedonian: груб (grub)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гру̑б; гру̏би (dialectal)

Latin script: grȗb; grȕbi (dialectal)

Slovene: grọ̑b (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: grëbi

Old Czech: hrubý

Czech: hrubý; hruby, hrubej (dialectal)

Polish: gruby; gręby (dialectal)

Slovak: hrubý

Slovincian: grëby

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: hruby

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gru(m)b-, from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to wind, turn”). or from *gʰru-m-bʰ-o-, related to *gʰrewbʰ-. Cognate with Lithuanian grubùs, German grob, Low German groff (where Danish, Swedish and Norwegian grov), Dutch grof, and English gruff.

der

Brill Publishers
Oleg Trubachyov
Rick Derksen


jьvьlga

jьvьlga (nominative singular)
jьvьldzě (dual nominative)
jьvьlgy (nominative plural)
jьvьlgy (genitive singular)
jьvьlgu (dual genitive)
jьvьlgъ (genitive plural)
jьvьldzě (dative singular)
jьvьlgama (dative dual)
jьvьlgamъ (dative plural)
jьvьlgǫ (accusative singular)
jьvьldzě (accusative dual)
jьvьlgy (accusative plural)
jьvьlgojǫ (instrumental singular)
jьvьlgǫ (instrumental singular)
jьvьlgama (dual instrumental)
jьvьlgami (instrumental plural)
jьvьldzě (locative singular)
jьvьlgu (dual locative)
jьvьlgasъ (locative plural)
jьvьlgaxъ (locative plural)
jьvьlgo (singular vocative)
jьvьldzě (dual vocative)
jьvьlgy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: і́валга (ívalha)

Russian: и́волга (ívolga)

Ukrainian: і́волга (ívolha)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: влъга (vlŭga)

Bulgarian: авлига (avliga)

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: vȕga

Cyrillic script: ву̏га

Slovene: vółga

West Slavic:

Czech: vlha

Polish: wilga

Cognates include Latvian vāluôdzе (“oriole”), Lithuanian volungė̃ (“oriole”).


juxa

jūxà (canonical feminine)
b (accent-paradigm)
jūxà (nominative singular)
jũśě (dual nominative)
jūxỳ (nominative plural)
jūxỳ (genitive singular)
jūxù (dual genitive)
jũxъ (genitive plural)
jūśě̀ (dative singular)
jūxàma (dative dual)
jūxàmъ (dative plural)
jūxǫ̀ (accusative singular)
jũśě (accusative dual)
jūxỳ (accusative plural)
jūxòjǫ (instrumental singular)
jũxǫ (instrumental singular)
jūxàma (dual instrumental)
jūxàmī (instrumental plural)
jūśě̀ (locative singular)
jūxù (dual locative)
jūxàsъ (locative plural)
jūxàxъ (locative plural)
juxo (singular vocative)
jũśě (dual vocative)
jūxỳ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: оуха (uxa)

Russian: уха́ (uxá)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: юха́ (juhá), юва́ (juvá, “brine”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ју́ха

Latin script: júha

Slovene: júhа (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: júcha

Czech: jícha

Old Polish: jucha (“decoction”)

Polish: jucha (“blood of animal”)

→ Belarusian: юха́ (juxá)

→ Ukrainian: юха́ (juxá)

Old Slovak: jícha, jucha

Pannonian Rusyn: юха (juxa)

Slovak: jucha

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: jucha

Upper Sorbian: jucha

Non-Slavic:

→ German: Jauche

→? Yiddish: יויך (yoykh)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *jáušāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *yuHs- (“soup, broth”). Baltic cognates include Lithuanian jū́šė (“broth, soup”), Old Prussian juse (“soup”). Further cognates with Latin ius, Proto-Germanic *justaz, Sanskrit यूष (yūṣa).


jьva

jь̀va (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
jь̀va (nominative singular)
jь̀vě (dual nominative)
jь̀vy (nominative plural)
jь̀vy (genitive singular)
jь̀vu (dual genitive)
jь̀vъ (genitive plural)
jь̀vě (dative singular)
jь̀vama (dative dual)
jь̀vamъ (dative plural)
jь̀vǫ (accusative singular)
jь̀vě (accusative dual)
jь̀vy (accusative plural)
jь̀vojǫ (instrumental singular)
jь̀vǭ (instrumental singular)
jь̀vama (dual instrumental)
jь̀vamī (instrumental plural)
jь̀vě (locative singular)
jь̀vu (dual locative)
jь̀vasъ (locative plural)
jь̀vaxъ (locative plural)
jь̀vo (singular vocative)
jь̀vě (dual vocative)
jь̀vy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ива (iva)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: и́ва (íva)
Carpathian Rusyn: и́ва (ýva)
Ukrainian: и́ва (ýva), ги́ва (hýva), і́ва (íva), ї́ва (jíva), єва (jeva) (dialectal)

Russian: и́ва (íva)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: ива (iva)

Glagolitic script: ⰺⰲⰰ (iva)

Bulgarian: и́ва (íva); ива́ (ivá) (dialectal)

Macedonian: ива (iva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: и́ва

Latin script: íva

Slovene: íva, íba

West Slavic:

Czech: jíva

Bohemian (Chod dialect): híva

Moravian (Mistřice): íva

Polabian: jeivo

Old Polish: iwa

Polish: iwa

Slovak: iva

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: jiwa

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *éiˀwāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyHw-. Cognates include Latvian iẽva (“hagberry”), Lithuanian ievà (“hagberry”), dial. Lithuanian íeva, and Proto-Germanic *īhwaz.


jьstъba

jьstъbà (canonical feminine)
c (accent-paradigm)
jьstъbà (nominative singular)
jь̏stъbě (dual nominative)
jь̏stъby (nominative plural)
jьstъbý (genitive singular)
jьstъbù (dual genitive)
jьstъ̀bъ (genitive plural)
jьstъbě̀ (dative singular)
jьstъbàma (dative dual)
jьstъbàmъ (dative plural)
jь̏stъbǫ (accusative singular)
jь̏stъbě (accusative dual)
jь̏stъby (accusative plural)
jьstъbojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
jьstъbàma (dual instrumental)
jьstъbàmi (instrumental plural)
jь̏stъbě (locative singular)
jьstъbù (dual locative)
jьstъbàsъ (locative plural)
jьstъbàxъ (locative plural)
jьstъbo (singular vocative)
jь̏stъbě (dual vocative)
jь̏stъby (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: истъба (istŭba), изъба (izŭba)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: изба́ (izbá)
Belarusian: ізба́ (izbá)
Ukrainian: ізба́ (izbá) (obsolete)

Russian: изба́ (izbá)

Old Novgorodian: ӥꙁъба (izŭba)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: истъба (istŭba)

Glagolitic script: ⰺⱄⱅⱏⰱⰰ (istŭba)

Bulgarian: и́зба (ízba)

Macedonian: визба (vizba)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ѝзба

Latin script: ìzba

Slovene: ȋzba (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: jizba

desc

Kashubian: jizba, jisteba, jizdeba, jistëba

Polabian: jåzbă

Old Polish: izba
Polish: izba

Slovak: izba

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: jśpa, śpa

Upper Sorbian: stwa

Non-Slavic:

→ Aromanian: izbã

Possibly borrowed from Proto-West Germanic *stubu, *stubō (“stove, heated room”).


iskrьňь

East Slavic:

Russian: и́скренний (ískrennij)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: искрьнь (iskrĭnĭ)

Bulgarian: и́скрен (ískren)

Macedonian: искрен (iskren)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: и̏скрен

Latin script: ȉskren

Slovene: ískrnji

West Slavic:

Polish: skierny (dialectal)


xudъ

xȗdъ (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
xudъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
xuda (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
xudo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
xuda (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
xudy (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
xuda (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
xudu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
xudě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
xudu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
xudъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
xudǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
xudo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
xudomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
xudojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
xudomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
xudě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
xudě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
xudě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
xude (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
xudo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
xudo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
xuda (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
xudě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
xudě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
xudu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
xudu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
xudu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
xudoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
xudama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
xudoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
xuda (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
xudě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
xudě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
xudoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
xudama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
xudoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
xudu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
xudu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
xudu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
xuda (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
xudě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
xudě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
xudi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
xudy (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
xuda (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
xudъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
xudъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
xudъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
xudomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
xudamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
xudomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
xudy (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
xudy (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
xuda (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
xudy (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
xudami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
xudy (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
xuděxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
xudaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
xuděxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
xudi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
xudy (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
xuda (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
c (accent-paradigm)
xudъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
xudaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
xudoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
xudajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
xudyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
xudajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
xudujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
xuději (dative definite feminine singular)
xudujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
xudъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
xudǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
xudoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
xudyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
xudǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
xudyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
xudějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
xuději (definite feminine locative singular)
xudějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
xudъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
xudaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
xudoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
xudaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
xuději (definite dual feminine nominative)
xuději (definite dual neuter nominative)
xuduju (definite dual genitive masculine)
xuduju (definite dual feminine genitive)
xuduju (definite dual genitive neuter)
xudyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
xudyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
xudyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
xudaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
xuději (accusative definite dual feminine)
xuději (accusative definite dual neuter)
xudyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
xudyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
xudyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
xuduju (definite dual locative masculine)
xuduju (definite dual feminine locative)
xuduju (definite dual locative neuter)
xudaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
xuději (definite dual feminine vocative)
xuději (definite dual neuter vocative)
xudiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
xudyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
xudaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
xudъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
xudъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
xudъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
xudyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
xudyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
xudyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
xudyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
xudyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
xudaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
xudyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
xudyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
xudyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
xudyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
xudyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
xudyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
xudiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
xudyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
xudaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *xudъ (hard, accent paradigm c)

Definite declension of *xudъ (hard, accent paradigm c)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: худъ (xudŭ)
Old Ruthenian: худы́й (xudýj)
Belarusian: худы́ (xudý)
Carpathian Rusyn: худы́й (xudŷ́j)
Ukrainian: худи́й (xudýj)
Middle Russian: худы́й (xudýj)
Russian: худо́й (xudój); худы́й (xudýj) (obsolete)

Old Novgorodian: хоуде (xude)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: хоудъ (xudŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱈⱆⰴⱏ (xudŭ)

Bulgarian: худ (hud); ху́жде (húžde) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

desc

Cyrillic script: ху̑д (dialectal, archaic)

Latin script: hȗd (dialectal, archaic)

Slovene: hȗd (tonal orthography); hùd (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: chudý

Czech: chudý; chudej, chudy (dialectal)

Moravian (Mistřice): chudí

desctree

Old Polish: chudy
Polish: chudy
Silesian: chudy

Slovak: chudý

Slovincian: chúdy

Polabian: x́audĕ, cheudė

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: chudy

Upper Sorbian: khudy, chudy

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ksaudás, from Proto-Indo-European *k⁽ʷ⁾sowdós, from *k⁽ʷ⁾sewd- (“to crush, to disperse”), possibly an extension of Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to scratch, to mow”). Cognate with Sanskrit क्षुद्र (kṣudra, “small, minute”), Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšáwdas (“swell of the sea”) and akin to Lithuanian skùsti (“to shave”), Ancient Greek ξύω (xúō, “to shave”), Latin saucius (“hurt, wounded”), Sanskrit क्षुर (kṣurá, “razor”).

cog

(among some descendants) grave, severe (of condition, state)


šurь

East Slavic:

Russian: шу́рин (šúrin)

Ukrainian: шу́рин (šúryn)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: шу́рей (šúrej), шу́рек (šúrek)

Macedonian: шура (šura)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: шу̀ра̑к

Latin script: šurak

Slovene: šurják

West Slavic:

Old Polish: szurzy

Old Czech: šiří


zъly

zъly (nominative singular)
zъlъvi (dual nominative)
zъlъvi (nominative plural)
zъlъve (genitive singular)
zъlъvu (dual genitive)
zъlъvъ (genitive plural)
zъlъvi (dative singular)
zъlъvьma (dative dual)
zъlъvama (dative dual)
zъlъvьmъ (dative plural)
zъlъvamъ (dative plural)
zъlъvь (accusative singular)
zъlъvi (accusative dual)
zъlъvi (accusative plural)
zъlъvьjǫ (instrumental singular)
zъlъvľǫ (instrumental singular)
zъlъvьma (dual instrumental)
zъlъvama (dual instrumental)
zъlъvьmi (instrumental plural)
zъlъvami (instrumental plural)
zъlъve (locative singular)
zъlъvu (dual locative)
zъlъvьxъ (locative plural)
zъlъvaxъ (locative plural)
zъly (singular vocative)
zъlъvi (dual vocative)
zъlъvi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

⇒ Old East Slavic: золовка (zolovka)

Belarusian: зало́ўка (zalóŭka)

Russian: золо́вка (zolóvka)

⇒ Old East Slavic:

Belarusian: залвіца (zalvica)

Ukrainian: зови́ця (zovýcja)

Russian: зо́лва (zólva) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: зъ́лва (zǎ́lva)

Macedonian: золва (zolva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: за̏ова

Latin script: zȁova

Slovene: zȏlva, zȃłva

⇒ Slovene: zȃlvica

West Slavic:

Old Czech: zelva

⇒ Czech: zelva, zolvica

Old Polish: zełw

⇒ Polish: zołwica, załwica (dialectal)

⇒ Slovak: zolvica


klěšča

klěšča (nominative singular)
klěšči (dual nominative)
klěščę̇ (nominative plural)
klěščę̇ (genitive singular)
klěšču (dual genitive)
klěščь (genitive plural)
klěšči (dative singular)
klěščama (dative dual)
klěščamъ (dative plural)
klěščǫ (accusative singular)
klěšči (accusative dual)
klěščę̇ (accusative plural)
klěščejǫ (instrumental singular)
klěščǫ (instrumental singular)
klěščama (dual instrumental)
klěščami (instrumental plural)
klěšči (locative singular)
klěšču (dual locative)
klěščasъ (locative plural)
klěščaxъ (locative plural)
klěšče (singular vocative)
klěšči (dual vocative)
klěščę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: клеща (klešča)

Belarusian: клешчы pl (klješčy)

Russian: кле́щи pl (kléšči)

Ukrainian: кліщі́ pl (kliščí)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: клещи pl (klešti)

Macedonian: клешти pl (klešti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: клије́шта n pl, кле́шта n pl

Latin script: klijéšta n pl, kléšta n pl

Slovene: kléšče pl

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kléščě f pl

Czech: kleště f pl

Polabian: klestă pl

Polish: kleszcze pl

Slovak: kliešte pl

Slovincian: klészczê pl

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: klěšće pl

Upper Sorbian: klěšće pl

→ Aromanian: cleashti

→ Romanian: clește

From Proto-Indo-European *k(ʷ)loyḱ-t-yeh₂, from *k(ʷ)leyḱ-. Cognates include Lithuanian klìšė (“crab's pincer”).


xvorъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *xvorъ (hard)

Definite declension of *xvorъ (hard)

xvorъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
xvora (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
xvoro (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
xvora (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
xvory (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
xvora (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
xvoru (dative indefinite masculine singular)
xvorě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
xvoru (dative indefinite neuter singular)
xvorъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
xvorǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
xvoro (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
xvoromь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
xvorojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
xvoromь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
xvorě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
xvorě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
xvorě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
xvore (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
xvoro (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
xvoro (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
xvora (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
xvorě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
xvorě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
xvoru (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
xvoru (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
xvoru (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
xvoroma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
xvorama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
xvoroma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
xvora (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
xvorě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
xvorě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
xvoroma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
xvorama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
xvoroma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
xvoru (dual indefinite locative masculine)
xvoru (dual feminine indefinite locative)
xvoru (dual indefinite locative neuter)
xvora (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
xvorě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
xvorě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
xvori (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
xvory (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
xvora (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
xvorъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
xvorъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
xvorъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
xvoromъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
xvoramъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
xvoromъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
xvory (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
xvory (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
xvora (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
xvory (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
xvorami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
xvory (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
xvorěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
xvoraxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
xvorěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
xvori (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
xvory (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
xvora (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
xvorъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
xvoraja (definite feminine nominative singular)
xvoroje (definite neuter nominative singular)
xvorajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
xvoryję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
xvorajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
xvorujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
xvorěji (dative definite feminine singular)
xvorujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
xvorъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
xvorǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
xvoroje (accusative definite neuter singular)
xvoryjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
xvorǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
xvoryjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
xvorějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
xvorěji (definite feminine locative singular)
xvorějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
xvorъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
xvoraja (definite feminine singular vocative)
xvoroje (definite neuter singular vocative)
xvoraja (definite dual masculine nominative)
xvorěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
xvorěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
xvoruju (definite dual genitive masculine)
xvoruju (definite dual feminine genitive)
xvoruju (definite dual genitive neuter)
xvoryjima (dative definite dual masculine)
xvoryjima (dative definite dual feminine)
xvoryjima (dative definite dual neuter)
xvoraja (accusative definite dual masculine)
xvorěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
xvorěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
xvoryjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
xvoryjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
xvoryjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
xvoruju (definite dual locative masculine)
xvoruju (definite dual feminine locative)
xvoruju (definite dual locative neuter)
xvoraja (definite dual masculine vocative)
xvorěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
xvorěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
xvoriji (definite masculine nominative plural)
xvoryję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
xvoraja (definite neuter nominative plural)
xvorъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
xvorъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
xvorъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
xvoryjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
xvoryjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
xvoryjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
xvoryję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
xvoryję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
xvoraja (accusative definite neuter plural)
xvoryjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
xvoryjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
xvoryjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
xvoryjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
xvoryjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
xvoryjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
xvoriji (definite masculine plural vocative)
xvoryję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
xvoraja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *хворъ (*xvorŭ)

desc

Old Ruthenian: хворый (xvoryj), фворый (fvoryj), форый (foryj)

Belarusian: хво́ры (xvóry)

Ukrainian: хво́рий (xvóryj); хо́рий (xóryj) (dialectal)

Russian: хво́рый (xvóryj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

хворъ (xvorŭ)

Church Slavonic: хворъ (xvorŭ)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: chvorý

Czech: chorý

desctree

Old Polish: chory
Polish: chory
Silesian: chory

Old Slovak: chorý

Pannonian Rusyn: хори (xori)

Slovak: chorý

Polabian: x́örĕ

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: chòri

Slovincian: chôry

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: chóry

Upper Sorbian: khory

From Proto-Indo-European *swor-o-, from *swer- (“to ache, fester”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬀 (xᵛara, “wound”), Old High German swero (“pain, ulcer”).


jьkra

jьkrà (canonical feminine)
c (accent-paradigm)
jьkrà (nominative singular)
jь̏krě (dual nominative)
jь̏kry (nominative plural)
jьkrý (genitive singular)
jьkrù (dual genitive)
jь̀krъ (genitive plural)
jьkrě̀ (dative singular)
jьkràma (dative dual)
jьkràmъ (dative plural)
jь̏krǫ (accusative singular)
jь̏krě (accusative dual)
jь̏kry (accusative plural)
jьkrojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
jьkràma (dual instrumental)
jьkràmi (instrumental plural)
jь̏krě (locative singular)
jьkrù (dual locative)
jьkràsъ (locative plural)
jьkràxъ (locative plural)
jьkro (singular vocative)
jь̏krě (dual vocative)
jь̏kry (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: икра (ikra, “roe, caviar; ice floe”)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: икра́ (ikrá)
Belarusian: ікра́ (ikrá, “caviar, roe”)
Carpathian Rusyn: икра́ (ykrá, “caviar, roe”)
Ukrainian: ікра́ (ikrá, “caviar, roe; cow udder”)
⇒ Ukrainian: ікри́ця f (ikrýcja, “caviar, roe”) (obsolete, dialectal)
⇒ Ukrainian: гыкра́к m (hykrák, “fish with roe”) (West Polesian dialect)
⇒ Ukrainian: кри́ц’а f (krýcʺa, “hard oily clay; cast iron”) (Boyko dialect)

desc

Russian: икра́ (ikrá, “caviar, roe; fine ice floes; calf”); икро́ n (ikró) (dialectal)

⇒ Russian: икри́на f (ikrína), кри́на f (krína, “ice floe”) (dialectal)

⇒ Russian: икри́ца f (ikríca, “calf”), крица f (krica, “ice floe”) (dialectal)

⇒ Old East Slavic: кра f (kra, “ice floe, thin ice on the river”) (via contraction)

desctree

⇒ Old Ruthenian: кри́га (kríha, “ice floe”)
Belarusian: кры́га (krýha)
→ Polish: kryha
Carpathian Rusyn: кри́га (krýha, “ice”)
Ukrainian: кри́га (krýha, “ice”)
→ Slovak: kryha
→ Russian: кри́га (kríga), кры́га (krýga) (dialectal)

Russian: кра f (kra, “ice floe”) (archaic)

Old Novgorodian: ікра (ikra)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: икра (ikra)

Glagolitic script: ⰻⰽⱃⰰ (ikra)

Macedonian: икра (ikra)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: и̏кра

Latin script: ȉkra

desc

⇒ Cyrillic script: и̏крица (“one egg (roe)”) (diminutive)

⇒ Latin script: ȉkrica (“one egg (roe)”) (diminutive)

Slovene: íkra (“roe; scales”)

⇒ Slovene: íkrica (“spangle”) (diminutive)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kra (“lump, clod”)

Czech: jikra; ikra (“roe”), ikro n (“calf”), jikro n (dialectal); kra (“ice floe”)

Kashubian: jikro; kro

Polabian: jåkră

Old Polish: ikro n

Polish: ikra f; ikro n, kro n; kra f (“ice floe”); ’ikrᵘ̯o (“roe; calf”) (dialectal)

⇒ Polish: krzyca f (“rye variety”)

Slovak: ikra; ikro (“calf”) (dialectal)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: jark m

Upper Sorbian: jikra f, jerk m

→ Hungarian: ikra

→ Romanian: icre

→ Japanese: イクラ

Meaning of roe is inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ikrā́ˀ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *Hyékʷr̥, from *Hyekʷ-. Cognates include Latvian ikri, Lithuanian ìkras.


trǫdъ

trǫdъ (nominative singular)
trǫda (dual nominative)
trǫdi (nominative plural)
trǫda (genitive singular)
trǫdu (dual genitive)
trǫdъ (genitive plural)
trǫdu (dative singular)
trǫdoma (dative dual)
trǫdomъ (dative plural)
trǫdъ (accusative singular)
trǫda (accusative dual)
trǫdy (accusative plural)
trǫdъmь (instrumental singular)
trǫdomь (instrumental singular)
trǫdoma (dual instrumental)
trǫdy (instrumental plural)
trǫdě (locative singular)
trǫdu (dual locative)
trǫděxъ (locative plural)
trǫde (singular vocative)
trǫda (dual vocative)
trǫdi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: трут (trut)

Russian: трут (trut)

Ukrainian: трут (trut)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: трѫдъ (trǫdŭ)

Bulgarian: трът (trǎt)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тру̑д

Latin script: trȗd

Slovene: trọ̑d

West Slavic:

Old Czech: trúd

Czech: troud

Old Polish: trąd

Polish: trąd

Slovak: troud