kury

kùry (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
kùry (nominative singular)
kùrъvi (dual nominative)
kùrъvi (nominative plural)
kùrъve (genitive singular)
kùrъvu (dual genitive)
kùrъvъ (genitive plural)
kùrъvi (dative singular)
kùrъvьma (dative dual)
kùrъvama (dative dual)
kùrъvьmъ (dative plural)
kùrъvamъ (dative plural)
kùrъvь (accusative singular)
kùrъvi (accusative dual)
kùrъvi (accusative plural)
kùrъvьjǫ (instrumental singular)
kùrъvľǭ (instrumental singular)
kùrъvьma (dual instrumental)
kùrъvama (dual instrumental)
kùrъvьmī (instrumental plural)
kùrъvamī (instrumental plural)
kùrъve (locative singular)
kùrъvu (dual locative)
kùrъvьxъ (locative plural)
kùrъvaxъ (locative plural)
kùry (singular vocative)
kùrъvi (dual vocative)
kùrъvi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: курꙑ (kury), куръва (kurŭva)

Old Ruthenian: ку́рва (kúrva)

Belarusian: ку́рва (kúrva)

Carpathian Rusyn: ку́рва (kúrva)

Ukrainian: ку́рва (kúrva)

Russian: ку́рва (kúrva) (see there for further descendants)

Old Novgorodian: куръва (kurŭva)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ку́рва (kúrva)

Macedonian: курва (kurva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ку̑рва, (regional) ку̑рба

Latin script: kȗrva, (regional) kȗrba

Slovene: kȗrba, kȗrva (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kurva

Czech: kurva

Old Polish: kurwa

Polish: kurwa
→ Yiddish: קורווע (kurve)

Silesian: kurwa

Old Slovak: kurva

Slovak: kurva

Pannonian Rusyn: курва (kurva)

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: kùrwa

Slovincian: kùrwa

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: kurwa

Upper Sorbian: kurwa

Non-Slavic:

→ Aromanian: curvã

→ Albanian: kurvë

→ Hungarian: kurva

→ Lithuanian: kùrva

→ Romanian: curvă

From *kùrъ (“cock, rooster”) + *-y. Originally meant “hen”, for semantic development compare French cocotte, poule. Most likely false cognate of Latin cārus (“beloved”), Latvian kārs (“craving, covetous”) and English whore (from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂ros).


sosna

sōsnà (canonical feminine)
b (accent-paradigm)
sosnà (nominative singular)
sòsně (dual nominative)
sosnỳ (nominative plural)
sosnỳ (genitive singular)
sosnù (dual genitive)
sòsnъ (genitive plural)
sosně̀ (dative singular)
sosnàma (dative dual)
sosnàmъ (dative plural)
sosnǫ̀ (accusative singular)
sòsně (accusative dual)
sosnỳ (accusative plural)
sosnòjǫ (instrumental singular)
sòsnǫ (instrumental singular)
sosnàma (dual instrumental)
sosnàmī (instrumental plural)
sosně̀ (locative singular)
sosnù (dual locative)
sosnàsъ (locative plural)
sosnàxъ (locative plural)
sosno (singular vocative)
sòsně (dual vocative)
sosnỳ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сосна (sosna)

Old Ruthenian: сосна́ (sosná)

Belarusian: сасна́ (sasná)

Ukrainian: сосна́ (sosná)

Russian: сосна́ (sosná)

South Slavic:

Middle Bulgarian: сосна (sosna)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sosna

Czech: sosna

Kashubian: sosna

Old Polish: sosna

Polish: sosna

Slovak: sosna

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: sosna

Uncertain. Per Vasmer, Brückner: possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ḱas- (“gray, dim”) + *-na due to its dark bark, akin to Latin cānus (“hoary”) and Proto-Germanic *haswaz (“gray”). Per Meillet: alternatively reflects an earlier *sopsna (“resin tree”) from *sap- (“taste”) whence are Proto-West Germanic *sap (“juice”), Latin sapa (“must”).
An origin from Proto-Indo-European *ḱes- (“to cut, to prune”) or *ḱeh₃- (“sharp”) is also possible, but according to Vasmer - less plausible.


rěka

rě̄kà (canonical)
rěkà (canonical feminine)
b (accent-paradigm)
rě̄kà (nominative singular)
rě̃cě (dual nominative)
rě̄kỳ (nominative plural)
rě̄kỳ (genitive singular)
rě̄kù (dual genitive)
rě̃kъ (genitive plural)
rě̄cě̀ (dative singular)
rě̄kàma (dative dual)
rě̄kàmъ (dative plural)
rě̄kǫ̀ (accusative singular)
rě̃cě (accusative dual)
rě̄kỳ (accusative plural)
rě̄kòjǫ (instrumental singular)
rě̃kǫ (instrumental singular)
rě̄kàma (dual instrumental)
rě̄kàmī (instrumental plural)
rě̄cě̀ (locative singular)
rě̄kù (dual locative)
rě̄kàsъ (locative plural)
rě̄kàxъ (locative plural)
rěko (singular vocative)
rě̃cě (dual vocative)
rě̄kỳ (plural vocative)
c (accent-paradigm)
rěkà (nominative singular)
rě̑cě (dual nominative)
rě̑ky (nominative plural)
rěký (genitive singular)
rěkù (dual genitive)
rě̃kъ (genitive plural)
rěcě̀ (dative singular)
rěkàma (dative dual)
rěkàmъ (dative plural)
rě̑kǫ (accusative singular)
rě̑cě (accusative dual)
rě̑ky (accusative plural)
rěkojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
rěkàma (dual instrumental)
rěkàmi (instrumental plural)
rě̑cě (locative singular)
rěkù (dual locative)
rěkàsъ (locative plural)
rěkàxъ (locative plural)
rěko (singular vocative)
rě̑cě (dual vocative)
rě̑ky (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: рѣка (rěka)

Belarusian: рака́ (raká)

Russian: река́ (reká)

Ukrainian: ріка́ (riká)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: рѣка (rěka)

Glagolitic: ⱃⱑⰽⰰ (rěka)

Macedonian: река (reka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ре́ка, рије́ка

Latin: réka, rijéka

Slovene: rẹ́ka (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: řěka
Czech: řeka

desctree

Old Polish: rzeka
Polish: rzeka
Silesian: rzyka

Old Slovak: rieka
Slovak: rieka

Polabian: rekă

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: rzéka

Slovincian: rzéka

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: rěka

Lower Sorbian: rěka

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *raikāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃royH-keh₂, from *h₃reyH-, extension of *h₃er-. Equivalent to *rě- + *-ka.
Indo-European cognates include Latin rīvus (“brook, stream”), Middle Irish rían (“river, way”), Old Irish ríathor (“torrent”), Sanskrit रय (ráya), रीयते (rī́yate), रीति (rītí), रेतस् (rétas), Gaulish *Rēnos, Albanian ritë, Old English rīþ, English rithe (dial.), Middle Low German rîn.


plakati

plàkati (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
plakanьje (noun-from-verb)
plakati (infinitive)
plakatъ (supine)
plakalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
plakanъ (participle passive past)
plačemъ (participle passive present)
plakavъ (active participle past)
plačę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
plakaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
plaka (aorist second-person singular)
plaka (aorist singular third-person)
plačǫ (first-person present singular)
plačeši (present second-person singular)
plačetь (present singular third-person)
plakaxově (aorist dual first-person)
plakasta (aorist dual second-person)
plakaste (aorist dual third-person)
plačevě (dual first-person present)
plačeta (dual present second-person)
plačete (dual present third-person)
plakaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
plakaste (aorist plural second-person)
plakašę (aorist plural third-person)
plačemъ (first-person plural present)
plačete (plural present second-person)
plačǫtь (plural present third-person)
plakaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
plakaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
plakaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
plači (imperative second-person singular)
plači (imperative singular third-person)
plakaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
plakaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
plakaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
plačivě (dual first-person imperative)
plačita (dual imperative second-person)
plakaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
plakaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
plakaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
plačimъ (first-person imperative plural)
plačite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: плакати (plakati)

Belarusian: пла́каць (plákacʹ)

Russian: пла́кать (plákatʹ)

Ukrainian: пла́кати (plákaty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: плакати (plakati)

Bulgarian: пла́ча (pláča)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пла̏кати

Latin script: plȁkati

Slovene: plákati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: płakac

Old Czech: plakati

Czech: plakat

Polish: płakać

Slovak: plakať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: płakać

Lower Sorbian: płakaś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *plā́ˀktei, from Proto-Indo-European *pléh₂k-ye-ti, from *pleh₂k-, *pleh₂g- (“to beat”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πλήσσω (plḗssō, “to strike”) (from Proto-Hellenic *plā́k-jō).


nauka

nauka (nominative singular)
naucě (dual nominative)
nauky (nominative plural)
nauky (genitive singular)
nauku (dual genitive)
naukъ (genitive plural)
naucě (dative singular)
naukama (dative dual)
naukamъ (dative plural)
naukǫ (accusative singular)
naucě (accusative dual)
nauky (accusative plural)
naukojǫ (instrumental singular)
naukǫ (instrumental singular)
naukama (dual instrumental)
naukami (instrumental plural)
naucě (locative singular)
nauku (dual locative)
naukasъ (locative plural)
naukaxъ (locative plural)
nauko (singular vocative)
naucě (dual vocative)
nauky (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: наву́ка (navúka)

Russian: нау́ка (naúka)

Ukrainian: нау́ка (naúka)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: нау́ка (naúka)

Macedonian: наука (nauka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: на̀ука

Latin script: nàuka

West Slavic:

Old Czech: nauka
Czech: nauka

desctree

Old Polish: nauka
Polish: nauka
Silesian: nauka

Slovak: náuka

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: nôùka

Slovincian: nowùka

Deverbal from *naučiti, from *učiti (“to teach”).


ristati

b (accent-paradigm)
ristanьje (noun-from-verb)
ristati (infinitive)
ristatъ (supine)
ristalъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
ristanъ (participle passive past)
risťemъ (participle passive present)
ristavъ (active participle past)
risťę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
ristaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
rista (aorist second-person singular)
rista (aorist singular third-person)
risťǫ (first-person present singular)
risťeši (present second-person singular)
risťetь (present singular third-person)
ristaxově (aorist dual first-person)
ristasta (aorist dual second-person)
ristaste (aorist dual third-person)
risťevě (dual first-person present)
risťeta (dual present second-person)
risťete (dual present third-person)
ristaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
ristaste (aorist plural second-person)
ristašę (aorist plural third-person)
risťemъ (first-person plural present)
risťete (plural present second-person)
risťǫtь (plural present third-person)
ristaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
ristaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
ristaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
risťi (imperative second-person singular)
risťi (imperative singular third-person)
ristaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
ristaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
ristaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
risťivě (dual first-person imperative)
risťita (dual imperative second-person)
ristaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
ristaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
ristaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
risťimъ (first-person imperative plural)
risťite (imperative plural second-person)

North Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ристати (ristati)

Russian: риста́ть (ristátʹ)

⇒ Ukrainian: риска́ти (ryskáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ристати (ristati)

Bulgarian: ри́шкам (ríškam) (dialectal) < *riščьkati

According to Pokorny, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rey- (“to arise, rise”).

der

(intransitive) to haste, to move quickly


pěnędzь

pě̀nę̄dzь (canonical masculine)
a (accent-paradigm)
pě̀nę̄dzь (nominative singular)
pě̀nę̄dza (dual nominative)
pě̀nę̄dzi (nominative plural)
pě̀nę̄dza (genitive singular)
pě̀nę̄dzu (dual genitive)
pě̀nę̄dzь (genitive plural)
pě̀nę̄dzu (dative singular)
pě̀nę̄dzema (dative dual)
pě̀nę̄dzēmъ (dative plural)
pě̀nę̄dzь (accusative singular)
pě̀nę̄dza (accusative dual)
pě̀nę̄dzę̇ (accusative plural)
pě̀nę̄dzьmь (instrumental singular)
pě̀nę̄dzemь (instrumental singular)
pě̀nę̄dzema (dual instrumental)
pě̀nę̄dzī (instrumental plural)
pě̀nę̄dzi (locative singular)
pě̀nę̄dzu (dual locative)
pě̀nę̄dzīxъ (locative plural)
pě̀nę̄že (singular vocative)
pě̀nę̄dza (dual vocative)
pě̀nę̄dzi (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: пѣнязь (pěnjazĭ) (Russian)

East Slavic:

Russian: пе́нязь (pénjazʹ)

Old Ruthenian: пѣнязь (pěnjazʹ)

Ukrainian: пі́нязь (pínjazʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: піняз (pinjaz)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: пѣнѧѕь

Glagolitic: ⱂⱑⱀⱔⰷⱐ (pěnędzĭ)

Bulgarian: пе́нез (pénez)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пјèнез (archaic)

Latin: pjȅnēz (archaic), pènezi (regional)

Slovene: ре̣̑nеz (archaic)

West Slavic:

Czech: peníz, peníze

desctree

Old Polish: pieniądz
Polish: pieniądz
→ German: Penunze
Silesian: piniōndz

desc

Old Slovak: penáz, penez, peniaz, peniaze, peníz

Pannonian Rusyn: пенєж (penjež), пенєжи (penježi)

Slovak: peniaz, penez

Polabian: pangs

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: pieniądz, (obsolete) pieńdz

Slovincian: pjõdze, pjênjundze

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: pjenjez

Lower Sorbian: pjenjeze pl

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: pénz

From earlier *pęnęgъ, borrowed from either Gothic *𐍀𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃 (*pinniggs), or i-umlaut inflected late Proto-West Germanic *penning, from earlier *panning, both from Proto-Germanic *panningaz (“coin, penny”).


maslo

màslo (canonical neuter)
a (accent-paradigm)
màslo (nominative singular)
màslě (dual nominative)
màsla (nominative plural)
màsla (genitive singular)
màslu (dual genitive)
màslъ (genitive plural)
màslu (dative singular)
màsloma (dative dual)
màslomъ (dative plural)
màslo (accusative singular)
màslě (accusative dual)
màsla (accusative plural)
màslъmь (instrumental singular)
màslomь (instrumental singular)
màsloma (dual instrumental)
màslȳ (instrumental plural)
màslě (locative singular)
màslu (dual locative)
màslě̄xъ (locative plural)
màslo (singular vocative)
màslě (dual vocative)
màsla (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: масло (maslo)

Old Ruthenian: ма́сло (máslo)

Belarusian: ма́сла (másla)

Ukrainian: ма́сло (máslo)

desctree

Russian: ма́сло (máslo)
Russenorsk: masla
→ Alutiiq: masla
→ Mongolian: масло (maslo)

Old Novgorodian: масло (maslo)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: масло (maslo)

Glagolitic script: ⰿⰰⱄⰾⱁ (maslo)

Bulgarian: ма́сло (máslo)

Macedonian: масло (maslo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ма̏сло

Latin script: mȁslo

Slovene: máslo (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: máslo

Czech: máslo

Bohemian (Chod dialect): máslo

Moravian (Mistřice): másu̯o

Kashubian: masło

Old Polish: masło

Polish: masło

Slovak: maslo

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: masło

Lower Sorbian: masło

Related to *màzati (“to oil, to anoint, to smear”). Generally reconstructed as *màz-slo, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *mōˀź-sla.
* Derksen: Probably cognate with Lithuanian mė́šlas (“manure”), Latvian mȩ̂sls (“manure”). Sometimes instead derived from earlier Proto-Slavic *màz-tlo.
* See *màzati.


družina

družìna (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
družìna (nominative singular)
družìně (dual nominative)
družìny (nominative plural)
družìny (genitive singular)
družìnu (dual genitive)
družìnъ (genitive plural)
družìně (dative singular)
družìnama (dative dual)
družìnamъ (dative plural)
družìnǫ (accusative singular)
družìně (accusative dual)
družìny (accusative plural)
družìnojǫ (instrumental singular)
družìnǭ (instrumental singular)
družìnama (dual instrumental)
družìnamī (instrumental plural)
družìně (locative singular)
družìnu (dual locative)
družìnasъ (locative plural)
družìnaxъ (locative plural)
družìno (singular vocative)
družìně (dual vocative)
družìny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дружина (družina)

Belarusian: дружы́на (družýna)

Russian: дружи́на (družína)

Ukrainian: дружи́на (družýna, “wife”)

Old Pskovian: друзина (druzina)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: дроужина (družina)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: дружи́на (družína)

Macedonian: дружина (družina)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дру̀жина

Latin script: drùžina

Slovene: družína (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: družina

Czech: družina

Old Polish: drużyna
Polish: drużyna
Silesian: drużyna

Slovak: družina

From *drugъ (“companion, friend”) + *-ina (“collective suffix”).

affix

group of associates; team, company, band, troop


čudo

čùdo (canonical neuter)
a (accent-paradigm)
čùdo (nominative singular)
čùdesi (dual nominative)
čùdesā (nominative plural)
čùdese (genitive singular)
čùdesu (dual genitive)
čùdesъ (genitive plural)
čùdesi (dative singular)
čùdesьma (dative dual)
čùdesьmъ (dative plural)
čùdo (accusative singular)
čùdesi (accusative dual)
čùdesā (accusative plural)
čùdesьmь (instrumental singular)
čùdesьma (dual instrumental)
čùdesȳ (instrumental plural)
čùdese (locative singular)
čùdesu (dual locative)
čùdesьxъ (locative plural)
čùdo (singular vocative)
čùdesi (dual vocative)
čùdesā (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: чудо (čudo)

desc

Old Ruthenian: чу́до (čúdo), чю́до (čjúdo)

Belarusian: чу́да (čúda) (archaic)

Carpathian Rusyn: чу́до (čúdo)

Ukrainian: чу́до (čúdo)

Russian: чу́до (čúdo)

→ Karelian: čuudo

→ Komi-Zyrian: чудеса (ćuďesa)

→ Udmurt: чудо (ćudo)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: чоудо (čudo)

Glagolitic script: ⱍⱆⰴⱁ (čudo)

Bulgarian: чу́до (čúdo)

Macedonian: чу́до (čúdo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: чу̏до; чуде̏со (dialectal)

Latin script: čȕdo; čudȅso (dialectal)

Slovene: čūdo (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Polish: cudo
Polish: cudo

Slovak: čudo, čudeso, čud

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: cud

Slovincian: cúd

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: čwódо

→ Albanian: çudi

→ Hungarian: csoda

→ Romanian: ciudă

Archaic s-stem noun, continuing Proto-Balto-Slavic *kjáudas, from Proto-Indo-European *kéwdos. A possible cognate is Ancient Greek κῦδος (kûdos).


murava

murava (nominative singular)
muravě (dual nominative)
muravy (nominative plural)
muravy (genitive singular)
muravu (dual genitive)
muravъ (genitive plural)
muravě (dative singular)
muravama (dative dual)
muravamъ (dative plural)
muravǫ (accusative singular)
muravě (accusative dual)
muravy (accusative plural)
muravojǫ (instrumental singular)
muravǫ (instrumental singular)
muravama (dual instrumental)
muravami (instrumental plural)
muravě (locative singular)
muravu (dual locative)
muravasъ (locative plural)
muravaxъ (locative plural)
muravo (singular vocative)
muravě (dual vocative)
muravy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мурава (murava)

Belarusian: мурава́ (muravá), му́рава (múrava)

Russian: мурава́ (muravá)

Ukrainian: мурава́ (muravá)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: мура́ва (muráva) (dialectal), мора́ва (moráva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: му̀рава (archaic)

Latin script: mùrava (archaic)

Slovene: muráva (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Polish: murawa

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: mùrawa

From *mura, *murъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *mauˀras (“mud”).

green, sward (expanse of land covered in dense grass)


tvoriti

tvorìti (canonical)
b (accent-paradigm)
tvořenьje (noun-from-verb)
tvoriti (infinitive)
tvoritъ (supine)
tvorilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
tvořenъ (participle passive past)
tvorimъ (participle passive present)
tvořь (active participle past)
tvorę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
tvorixъ (aorist first-person singular)
tvori (aorist second-person singular)
tvori (aorist singular third-person)
tvořǫ (first-person present singular)
tvoriši (present second-person singular)
tvoritь (present singular third-person)
tvorixově (aorist dual first-person)
tvorista (aorist dual second-person)
tvoriste (aorist dual third-person)
tvorivě (dual first-person present)
tvorita (dual present second-person)
tvorite (dual present third-person)
tvorixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tvoriste (aorist plural second-person)
tvorišę (aorist plural third-person)
tvorimъ (first-person plural present)
tvorite (plural present second-person)
tvorętь (plural present third-person)
tvořaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tvořaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tvořaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
tvori (imperative second-person singular)
tvori (imperative singular third-person)
tvořaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tvořaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tvořaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tvorivě (dual first-person imperative)
tvorita (dual imperative second-person)
tvořaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tvořaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tvořaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tvorimъ (first-person imperative plural)
tvorite (imperative plural second-person)
c (accent-paradigm)
tvořenьje (noun-from-verb)
tvoriti (infinitive)
tvoritъ (supine)
tvorilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
tvořenъ (participle passive past)
tvorimъ (participle passive present)
tvořь (active participle past)
tvorę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
tvorixъ (aorist first-person singular)
tvori (aorist second-person singular)
tvori (aorist singular third-person)
tvořǫ (first-person present singular)
tvoriši (present second-person singular)
tvoritь (present singular third-person)
tvorixově (aorist dual first-person)
tvorista (aorist dual second-person)
tvoriste (aorist dual third-person)
tvorivě (dual first-person present)
tvorita (dual present second-person)
tvorite (dual present third-person)
tvorixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tvoriste (aorist plural second-person)
tvorišę (aorist plural third-person)
tvorimъ (first-person plural present)
tvorite (plural present second-person)
tvorętь (plural present third-person)
tvořaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tvořaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tvořaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
tvori (imperative second-person singular)
tvori (imperative singular third-person)
tvořaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tvořaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tvořaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tvorivě (dual first-person imperative)
tvorita (dual imperative second-person)
tvořaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tvořaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tvořaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tvorimъ (first-person imperative plural)
tvorite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: творити (tvoriti)

Old Ruthenian: творити (tvoriti)

Belarusian: твары́ць (tvarýcʹ)

Ukrainian: твори́ти (tvorýty)

Russian: твори́ть (tvorítʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: творити (tvoriti)

Glagolitic: ⱅⰲⱁⱃⰻⱅⰻ (tvoriti)

Bulgarian: творя́ (tvorjá)

Macedonian: твори (tvori)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: тво̀рити

Latin: tvòriti

Slovene: tvọ́riti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: tvořiti

Czech: tvořit

desctree

Old Polish: tworzyć
Polish: tworzyć
Silesian: tworzić

Slovak: tvoriť

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: twòrzëc

Slovincian: twôrzëc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: tworić

Lower Sorbian: tworiś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *twarīˀtei, causative/iterative of Proto-Indo-European *twerH-. Baltic cognates include Lithuanian tvérti (“to seize, to form”), Latvian tvert (“to seize, to hold”), Lithuanian tvárstyti (“to bandage”), Latvian tvarstīt (“to snap, to catch”) (1sg. tvarstu), Lithuanian turė́ti (“to hold”), Latvian turēt (“to hold”), Old Prussian turīt (“to have”). Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek σορός (sorós, “urn”).

Marko Snoj
Rick Derksen
be:Аляксандр Мікалаевіч Булыка


stajati

c (accent-paradigm)
stajanьje (noun-from-verb)
stajati (infinitive)
stajatъ (supine)
stajalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
stajanъ (participle passive past)
stajemъ (participle passive present)
stajavъ (active participle past)
staję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
stajaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
staja (aorist second-person singular)
staja (aorist singular third-person)
stajǫ (first-person present singular)
staješi (present second-person singular)
stajetь (present singular third-person)
stajaxově (aorist dual first-person)
stajasta (aorist dual second-person)
stajaste (aorist dual third-person)
stajevě (dual first-person present)
stajeta (dual present second-person)
stajete (dual present third-person)
stajaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
stajaste (aorist plural second-person)
stajašę (aorist plural third-person)
stajemъ (first-person plural present)
stajete (plural present second-person)
stajǫtь (plural present third-person)
stajaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
stajaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
stajaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
staji (imperative second-person singular)
staji (imperative singular third-person)
stajaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
stajaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
stajaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
stajivě (dual first-person imperative)
stajita (dual imperative second-person)
stajaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
stajaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
stajaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
stajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
stajite (imperative plural second-person)
a (accent-paradigm)
stajanьje (noun-from-verb)
stajati (infinitive)
stajatъ (supine)
stajalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
stajanъ (participle passive past)
stajajemъ (participle passive present)
stajavъ (active participle past)
stajaję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
stajaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
staja (aorist second-person singular)
staja (aorist singular third-person)
stajajǫ (first-person present singular)
stajaješi (present second-person singular)
stajajetь (present singular third-person)
stajaxově (aorist dual first-person)
stajasta (aorist dual second-person)
stajaste (aorist dual third-person)
stajajevě (dual first-person present)
stajajeta (dual present second-person)
stajajete (dual present third-person)
stajaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
stajaste (aorist plural second-person)
stajašę (aorist plural third-person)
stajajemъ (first-person plural present)
stajajete (plural present second-person)
stajajǫtь (plural present third-person)
stajaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
stajaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
stajaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
stajaji (imperative second-person singular)
stajaji (imperative singular third-person)
stajaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
stajaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
stajaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
stajajivě (dual first-person imperative)
stajajita (dual imperative second-person)
stajaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
stajaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
stajaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
stajajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
stajajite (imperative plural second-person)

Secondary form of *stati + *-jati (a/j-derivation), from Proto-Indo-European *stéh₂yeti.


stajati

stajanьje (noun-from-verb)
stajati (infinitive)
stajatъ (supine)
stajalъ (l-participle)
stajanъ (participle passive past)
stajimъ (participle passive present)
stajavъ (active participle past)
staję (active participle present)
stajaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
staja (aorist second-person singular)
staja (aorist singular third-person)
stajǫ (first-person present singular)
stajiši (present second-person singular)
stajitь (present singular third-person)
stajaxově (aorist dual first-person)
stajasta (aorist dual second-person)
stajaste (aorist dual third-person)
stajivě (dual first-person present)
stajita (dual present second-person)
stajite (dual present third-person)
stajaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
stajaste (aorist plural second-person)
stajašę (aorist plural third-person)
stajimъ (first-person plural present)
stajite (plural present second-person)
stajętь (plural present third-person)
stajaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
stajaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
stajaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
staji (imperative second-person singular)
staji (imperative singular third-person)
stajaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
stajaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
stajaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
stajivě (dual first-person imperative)
stajita (dual imperative second-person)
stajaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
stajaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
stajaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
stajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
stajite (imperative plural second-person)


osnova

osnova (nominative singular)
osnově (dual nominative)
osnovy (nominative plural)
osnovy (genitive singular)
osnovu (dual genitive)
osnovъ (genitive plural)
osnově (dative singular)
osnovama (dative dual)
osnovamъ (dative plural)
osnovǫ (accusative singular)
osnově (accusative dual)
osnovy (accusative plural)
osnovojǫ (instrumental singular)
osnovǫ (instrumental singular)
osnovama (dual instrumental)
osnovami (instrumental plural)
osnově (locative singular)
osnovu (dual locative)
osnovasъ (locative plural)
osnovaxъ (locative plural)
osnovo (singular vocative)
osnově (dual vocative)
osnovy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: основа (osnova)

Belarusian: асно́ва (asnóva)

Russian: осно́ва (osnóva)

Ukrainian: осно́ва (osnóva)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: осно́ва (osnóva)

Macedonian: основа (osnova)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̏снова

Latin script: ȍsnova

West Slavic:

Old Czech: osnova

Czech: osnova

Bohemian (Chod dialect): vosnova

Polish: osnowa


tesati

tesàti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
tesanьje (noun-from-verb)
tesati (infinitive)
tesatъ (supine)
tesalъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
tesanъ (participle passive past)
tešemъ (participle passive present)
tesavъ (active participle past)
tešę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
tesaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
tesa (aorist second-person singular)
tesa (aorist singular third-person)
tešǫ (first-person present singular)
tešeši (present second-person singular)
tešetь (present singular third-person)
tesaxově (aorist dual first-person)
tesasta (aorist dual second-person)
tesaste (aorist dual third-person)
teševě (dual first-person present)
tešeta (dual present second-person)
tešete (dual present third-person)
tesaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tesaste (aorist plural second-person)
tesašę (aorist plural third-person)
tešemъ (first-person plural present)
tešete (plural present second-person)
tešǫtь (plural present third-person)
tesaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tesaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tesaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
teši (imperative second-person singular)
teši (imperative singular third-person)
tesaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tesaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tesaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tešivě (dual first-person imperative)
tešita (dual imperative second-person)
tesaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tesaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tesaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tešimъ (first-person imperative plural)
tešite (imperative plural second-person)
b (accent-paradigm)
tesanьje (noun-from-verb)
tesati (infinitive)
tesatъ (supine)
tesalъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
tesanъ (participle passive past)
tesajemъ (participle passive present)
tesavъ (active participle past)
tesaję (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
tesaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
tesa (aorist second-person singular)
tesa (aorist singular third-person)
tesajǫ (first-person present singular)
tesaješi (present second-person singular)
tesajetь (present singular third-person)
tesaxově (aorist dual first-person)
tesasta (aorist dual second-person)
tesaste (aorist dual third-person)
tesajevě (dual first-person present)
tesajeta (dual present second-person)
tesajete (dual present third-person)
tesaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tesaste (aorist plural second-person)
tesašę (aorist plural third-person)
tesajemъ (first-person plural present)
tesajete (plural present second-person)
tesajǫtь (plural present third-person)
tesaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tesaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tesaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
tesaji (imperative second-person singular)
tesaji (imperative singular third-person)
tesaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tesaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tesaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tesajivě (dual first-person imperative)
tesajita (dual imperative second-person)
tesaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tesaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tesaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tesajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
tesajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: тесати (tesati)

Russian: теса́ть (tesátʹ)

Ukrainian: теса́ти (tesáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: тесати (tesati)

Glagolitic: ⱅⰵⱄⰰⱅⰹ (tesati)

Bulgarian: те́сам (tésam) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тѐсати

Latin script: tèsati

Slovene: tesáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: tesat

Polish: ciosać

→ Belarusian: часа́ць (časácʹ)

Slovak: tesať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: ćesać

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *téśtei, from Proto-Indo-European *tetḱ- (“to hew”), perhaps from a reduplication of *teḱ- (“to strike”) (compare Ancient Greek κτείνω (kteínō, “to slay”)).

cog

(via specialization) to patch, to trim (with tool)


laziti

làziti (canonical)
a (accent-paradigm)
laženьje (noun-from-verb)
laziti (infinitive)
lazitъ (supine)
lazilъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
laženъ (participle passive past)
lazimъ (participle passive present)
lažь (active participle past)
lazę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
lazixъ (aorist first-person singular)
lazi (aorist second-person singular)
lazi (aorist singular third-person)
lažǫ (first-person present singular)
laziši (present second-person singular)
lazitь (present singular third-person)
lazixově (aorist dual first-person)
lazista (aorist dual second-person)
laziste (aorist dual third-person)
lazivě (dual first-person present)
lazita (dual present second-person)
lazite (dual present third-person)
lazixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
laziste (aorist plural second-person)
lazišę (aorist plural third-person)
lazimъ (first-person plural present)
lazite (plural present second-person)
lazętь (plural present third-person)
lažaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
lažaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
lažaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
lazi (imperative second-person singular)
lazi (imperative singular third-person)
lažaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
lažaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
lažaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
lazivě (dual first-person imperative)
lazita (dual imperative second-person)
lažaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
lažaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
lažaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
lazimъ (first-person imperative plural)
lazite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: лазити (laziti)

Belarusian: ла́зіць (lázicʹ)

Russian: ла́зить (lázitʹ)

Ukrainian: ла́зити (lázyty)

Old Novgorodian: ла́ꙁити (láziti)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: лазити (laziti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: ла́зя (lázja)

Macedonian: лази (lazi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ла̏зити

Latin script: lȁziti

Slovene: láziti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: lazit

Polabian: lozĕ

Old Polish: łazić

Polish: łazić

Slovak: laziť

Slovincian: lazëc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: łazyć

Lower Sorbian: łazyś

From Proto-Indo-European *loh₁ǵ-ey-, causative/iterative of *leh₁ǵ-. Cognate with Latvian lẽzêt (“to slide”), Old Prussian līse (“(he) crawls”, 3sg.), Old Norse lágr (“low”), English low.


značiti

značenьje (noun-from-verb)
značiti (infinitive)
značitъ (supine)
značilъ (l-participle)
značenъ (participle passive past)
značimъ (participle passive present)
značь (active participle past)
značę (active participle present)
značixъ (aorist first-person singular)
znači (aorist second-person singular)
znači (aorist singular third-person)
značǫ (first-person present singular)
značiši (present second-person singular)
značitь (present singular third-person)
značixově (aorist dual first-person)
značista (aorist dual second-person)
značiste (aorist dual third-person)
značivě (dual first-person present)
značita (dual present second-person)
značite (dual present third-person)
značixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
značiste (aorist plural second-person)
značišę (aorist plural third-person)
značimъ (first-person plural present)
značite (plural present second-person)
značętь (plural present third-person)
značaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
značaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
značaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
znači (imperative second-person singular)
znači (imperative singular third-person)
značaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
značaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
značaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
značivě (dual first-person imperative)
značita (dual imperative second-person)
značaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
značaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
značaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
značimъ (first-person imperative plural)
značite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: зна́чыць (znáčycʹ)

Russian: зна́чить (znáčitʹ)

Ukrainian: зна́чити (znáčyty)

South Slavic

Bulgarian: зна́ча (znáča)

Macedonian: значи (znači)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: зна́чити

Latin script: znáčiti

Slovene: znáčiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic

Czech: značit

East Lechitic:

Polish: znaczyć

Silesian: znaczyć

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: znaczëc

Slovincian: znaczic

Slovak: značiť


čuditi

a (accent-paradigm)
čuďenьje (noun-from-verb)
čuditi (infinitive)
čuditъ (supine)
čudilъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
čuďenъ (participle passive past)
čudimъ (participle passive present)
čuďь (active participle past)
čudę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
čudixъ (aorist first-person singular)
čudi (aorist second-person singular)
čudi (aorist singular third-person)
čuďǫ (first-person present singular)
čudiši (present second-person singular)
čuditь (present singular third-person)
čudixově (aorist dual first-person)
čudista (aorist dual second-person)
čudiste (aorist dual third-person)
čudivě (dual first-person present)
čudita (dual present second-person)
čudite (dual present third-person)
čudixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
čudiste (aorist plural second-person)
čudišę (aorist plural third-person)
čudimъ (first-person plural present)
čudite (plural present second-person)
čudętь (plural present third-person)
čuďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
čuďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
čuďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
čudi (imperative second-person singular)
čudi (imperative singular third-person)
čuďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
čuďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
čuďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
čudivě (dual first-person imperative)
čudita (dual imperative second-person)
čuďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
čuďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
čuďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
čudimъ (first-person imperative plural)
čudite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: чу́диться (čúditʹsja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: чудити (čuditi)

Glagolitic script: ⱍⱆⰴⰻⱅⰻ (čuditi)

Bulgarian: чу́дя (čúdja)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: чу̏дити

Latin script: čȕditi

Slovene: čúditi

West Slavic:

Czech: čuditi


pluto

plūtò (canonical neuter)
b (accent-paradigm)
plūtò (nominative singular)
plũtě (dual nominative)
plūtà (nominative plural)
plūtà (genitive singular)
plūtù (dual genitive)
plũtъ (genitive plural)
plūtù (dative singular)
plūtòma (dative dual)
plūtòmъ (dative plural)
plūtò (accusative singular)
plũtě (accusative dual)
plūtà (accusative plural)
plūtъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
plūtòmь (instrumental singular)
plūtòma (dual instrumental)
plũty (instrumental plural)
plūtě̀ (locative singular)
plūtù (dual locative)
plũtěxъ (locative plural)
plūtò (singular vocative)
plũtě (dual vocative)
plūtà (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: плу̏то, плу̏та

Latin script: plȕto, plȕta

West Slavic:

Slovincian: plútô

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *plauˀtá, from Proto-Indo-European *plowtóm, *plewt-. Cognate with Latvian plàuts, Lithuanian plaũtas, Proto-Germanic *flauþī- (> Old Norse *fleyðr (“cross-beam”)), Latin pluteus, and Finnish lauta (“bath shelf, board”) (through either Baltic or Germanic).


valiti

vaľenьje (noun-from-verb)
valiti (infinitive)
valitъ (supine)
valilъ (l-participle)
vaľenъ (participle passive past)
valimъ (participle passive present)
vaľь (active participle past)
valę (active participle present)
valixъ (aorist first-person singular)
vali (aorist second-person singular)
vali (aorist singular third-person)
vaľǫ (first-person present singular)
vališi (present second-person singular)
valitь (present singular third-person)
valixově (aorist dual first-person)
valista (aorist dual second-person)
valiste (aorist dual third-person)
valivě (dual first-person present)
valita (dual present second-person)
valite (dual present third-person)
valixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
valiste (aorist plural second-person)
vališę (aorist plural third-person)
valimъ (first-person plural present)
valite (plural present second-person)
valętь (plural present third-person)
vaľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vaľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vaľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vali (imperative second-person singular)
vali (imperative singular third-person)
vaľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vaľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vaľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
valivě (dual first-person imperative)
valita (dual imperative second-person)
vaľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vaľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vaľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
valimъ (first-person imperative plural)
valite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: валити (valiti)

Belarusian: валіць (valicʹ)

Russian: вали́ть (valítʹ)

Ukrainian: вали́ти (valýty)

South Slavic

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: валити сѩ

Bulgarian: валя́ (valjá)

Slovene: valíti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic

Czech: valit

Kashubian: walëc

Polish: walić

Slovak: valiť

From *valъ + *-iti. Compare Latin volvō.


orbiti

orbľenьje (noun-from-verb)
orbiti (infinitive)
orbitъ (supine)
orbilъ (l-participle)
orbľenъ (participle passive past)
orbimъ (participle passive present)
orbľь (active participle past)
orbę (active participle present)
orbixъ (aorist first-person singular)
orbi (aorist second-person singular)
orbi (aorist singular third-person)
orbľǫ (first-person present singular)
orbiši (present second-person singular)
orbitь (present singular third-person)
orbixově (aorist dual first-person)
orbista (aorist dual second-person)
orbiste (aorist dual third-person)
orbivě (dual first-person present)
orbita (dual present second-person)
orbite (dual present third-person)
orbixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
orbiste (aorist plural second-person)
orbišę (aorist plural third-person)
orbimъ (first-person plural present)
orbite (plural present second-person)
orbętь (plural present third-person)
orbľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
orbľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
orbľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
orbi (imperative second-person singular)
orbi (imperative singular third-person)
orbľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
orbľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
orbľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
orbivě (dual first-person imperative)
orbita (dual imperative second-person)
orbľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
orbľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
orbľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
orbimъ (first-person imperative plural)
orbite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: робити (robiti)

Belarusian: рабі́ць (rabícʹ)

Russian: ро́бить (róbitʹ) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: роби́ти (robýty)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ра́бити

Latin script: rábiti

Slovene: rábiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: robiti
Czech: robit

desctree

Old Polish: robić
Polish: robić
Silesian: robić

Old Slovak: robiť

Slovak: robiť

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: robic

Slovincian: rôbjic

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: robić

Lower Sorbian: robiś

From *orbъ (“servant, slave”) + *-iti.
 PIE word
 *h₃órbʰos


kalina

kalina (nominative singular)
kalině (dual nominative)
kaliny (nominative plural)
kaliny (genitive singular)
kalinu (dual genitive)
kalinъ (genitive plural)
kalině (dative singular)
kalinama (dative dual)
kalinamъ (dative plural)
kalinǫ (accusative singular)
kalině (accusative dual)
kaliny (accusative plural)
kalinojǫ (instrumental singular)
kalinǫ (instrumental singular)
kalinama (dual instrumental)
kalinami (instrumental plural)
kalině (locative singular)
kalinu (dual locative)
kalinasъ (locative plural)
kalinaxъ (locative plural)
kalino (singular vocative)
kalině (dual vocative)
kaliny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: калина (kalina)

Old Ruthenian: кали́на (kalína)

Belarusian: калі́на (kalína)

Carpathian Rusyn: кали́на (kalýna)

Ukrainian: кали́на (kalýna)

Russian: кали́на (kalína)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: кали́на (kalína), къли́на (kǎlína) (dialectal)

Macedonian: калина (kalina)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ка̀лина

Latin script: kàlina

Slovene: kalína

West Slavic:

Czech: kalina

Kashubian: kalëna

Polish: kalina

Slovak: kalina

Slovincian: kalëna

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: kalina

Upper Sorbian: kalena

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: călină

Likely *kalъ (“mud, dirt”) + *-ina, by the plant’s preference for wet, muddy places to grow.

snowball tree (Viburnum spp., especially Viburnum opulus)


ryti

rỳti (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
rytьje (noun-from-verb)
ryti (infinitive)
rytъ (supine)
rylъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
rytъ (participle passive past)
ryjemъ (participle passive present)
ryvъ (active participle past)
ryję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
ryxъ (aorist first-person singular)
ry (aorist second-person singular)
ry (aorist singular third-person)
ryjǫ (first-person present singular)
ryješi (present second-person singular)
ryjetь (present singular third-person)
ryxově (aorist dual first-person)
rysta (aorist dual second-person)
ryste (aorist dual third-person)
ryjevě (dual first-person present)
ryjeta (dual present second-person)
ryjete (dual present third-person)
ryxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
ryste (aorist plural second-person)
ryšę (aorist plural third-person)
ryjemъ (first-person plural present)
ryjete (plural present second-person)
ryjǫtь (plural present third-person)
ryjaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
ryjaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
ryjaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
ryji (imperative second-person singular)
ryji (imperative singular third-person)
ryjaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
ryjaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
ryjaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
ryjivě (dual first-person imperative)
ryjita (dual imperative second-person)
ryjaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
ryjaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
ryjaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
ryjimъ (first-person imperative plural)
ryjite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: рꙑти (ryti)

Old Ruthenian: рыти (ryti)

Belarusian: рыць (rycʹ)

Ukrainian: ри́ти (rýty)

Russian: рыть (rytʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: рꙑти (ryti)

Glagolitic script: ⱃⱏⰹⱅⰻ (ryti)

Bulgarian: ри́я (ríja)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ри̏ти

Latin script: rȉti

Slovene: ríti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: rýti

Czech: rýt

Polish: ryć

Slovak: ryť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: ryć

Lower Sorbian: ryś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rūˀ-. Baltic cognates include Lithuanian ráuti (“to tear out, to pull”), Latvian raût (“to tear, to pull, to take”), Lithuanian ravė́ti (“to weed”), 1sg. raviù, Latvian ravêt (“to weed”). Further connections:
* Vasmer: Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit रवति (rávati, “to smash, to crush”), Latin ruere (“to rip, to dig”), rūtrum (“spade”), Ancient Greek ἐρυσίχθων (erusíkhthōn, “raking the ground”), Irish ruam (“spade”) < *roumā. (This root is normally reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European *Hrew-.)
* Derksen: From Proto-Indo-European *(H)ruH-. Indo-European cognates include Old Norse rýja (“to tear out wool”), Latin rūta caesa (“minerals already dug up, timber already felled, when an estate is sold”). Derksen seems unwilling to include Vasmer's cognates due to his assumption of a laryngeal in the root, required in his view to account for the acute tone of the term.


stonati

stonanьje (noun-from-verb)
stonati (infinitive)
stonatъ (supine)
stonalъ (l-participle)
stonanъ (participle passive past)
stoňemъ (participle passive present)
stonavъ (active participle past)
stoňę (active participle present)
stonaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
stona (aorist second-person singular)
stona (aorist singular third-person)
stoňǫ (first-person present singular)
stoňeši (present second-person singular)
stoňetь (present singular third-person)
stonaxově (aorist dual first-person)
stonasta (aorist dual second-person)
stonaste (aorist dual third-person)
stoňevě (dual first-person present)
stoňeta (dual present second-person)
stoňete (dual present third-person)
stonaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
stonaste (aorist plural second-person)
stonašę (aorist plural third-person)
stoňemъ (first-person plural present)
stoňete (plural present second-person)
stoňǫtь (plural present third-person)
stonaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
stonaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
stonaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
stoňi (imperative second-person singular)
stoňi (imperative singular third-person)
stonaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
stonaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
stonaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
stoňivě (dual first-person imperative)
stoňita (dual imperative second-person)
stonaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
stonaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
stonaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
stoňimъ (first-person imperative plural)
stoňite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: стонати (stonati)

⇒ Old Ruthenian: стогна́ти (stohnáti)

Belarusian: стагна́ць (stahnácʹ)

Ukrainian: стогна́ти (stohnáty)

Russian: стона́ть (stonátʹ)

West Slavic:

⇒ Kashubian: stãkac

Czech: stonat

⇒ Old Polish: stękać

Polish: stękać

Silesian: stynkać

Slovak: stоnаť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: stonać


braga

braga (nominative singular)
bradzě (dual nominative)
bragy (nominative plural)
bragy (genitive singular)
bragu (dual genitive)
bragъ (genitive plural)
bradzě (dative singular)
bragama (dative dual)
bragamъ (dative plural)
bragǫ (accusative singular)
bradzě (accusative dual)
bragy (accusative plural)
bragojǫ (instrumental singular)
bragǫ (instrumental singular)
bragama (dual instrumental)
bragami (instrumental plural)
bradzě (locative singular)
bragu (dual locative)
bragasъ (locative plural)
bragaxъ (locative plural)
brago (singular vocative)
bradzě (dual vocative)
bragy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: бра́га (bráha)

Russian: бра́га (brága)

Ukrainian: бра́га (bráha)

West Slavic:

q

Polish: braha (dialectal, via Ukrainian or Belarussian)

Sorbian:

→ Lower Sorbian: bražka (possibly)

East Slavic isogloss, of uncertain origin. Due to its limited attestation, no secure etymology could be reconstructed, however, on basis of semantics it may be supposed that *braga is related to Proto-Slavic *brьzgati/*brězgati (“to decompose, to burst, to get bitter/sour”). Perhaps, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreHg- (“to rot, to have strong odour”).
Probably akin to Welsh brag (“malt”), Irish braich (“malt”) and Latin bracium, itself a Celtic borrowing. Per Vasmer, it is possible that the Slavic lemma was also borrowed from Celtic.

der

yeast, must (pre-distilled alcohol mixture)


prababa

pràbaba (canonical feminine)
prababa (nominative singular)
prababě (dual nominative)
prababy (nominative plural)
prababy (genitive singular)
prababu (dual genitive)
prababъ (genitive plural)
prababě (dative singular)
prababama (dative dual)
prababamъ (dative plural)
prababǫ (accusative singular)
prababě (accusative dual)
prababy (accusative plural)
prababojǫ (instrumental singular)
prababǫ (instrumental singular)
prababama (dual instrumental)
prababami (instrumental plural)
prababě (locative singular)
prababu (dual locative)
prababasъ (locative plural)
prababaxъ (locative plural)
prababo (singular vocative)
prababě (dual vocative)
prababy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: прабаба (prababa)

Old Ruthenian: прабаба (prababa)

Ukrainian: праба́ба (prabába)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: прабаба (prababa)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⱃⰰⰱⰰⰱⰰ (prababa)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пра̀баба

Latin script: pràbaba

Slovene: prábába (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: prabába

Old Polish: prababa

Polish: prababa

Slovak: prababa


laska

laska (nominative singular)
lascě (dual nominative)
lasky (nominative plural)
lasky (genitive singular)
lasku (dual genitive)
laskъ (genitive plural)
lascě (dative singular)
laskama (dative dual)
laskamъ (dative plural)
laskǫ (accusative singular)
lascě (accusative dual)
lasky (accusative plural)
laskojǫ (instrumental singular)
laskǫ (instrumental singular)
laskama (dual instrumental)
laskami (instrumental plural)
lascě (locative singular)
lasku (dual locative)
laskasъ (locative plural)
laskaxъ (locative plural)
lasko (singular vocative)
lascě (dual vocative)
lasky (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ла́ска (láska)

Russian: ла́ска (láska)

Ukrainian: ла́ска (láska)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ла́ска (láska)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: láska

Czech: láska

Moravian (Mistřice): u̯áska

Polish: łaska

Slovak: láska


berza

bèrza (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
bèrza (nominative singular)
bèrzě (dual nominative)
bèrzy (nominative plural)
bèrzy (genitive singular)
bèrzu (dual genitive)
bèrzъ (genitive plural)
bèrzě (dative singular)
bèrzama (dative dual)
bèrzamъ (dative plural)
bèrzǫ (accusative singular)
bèrzě (accusative dual)
bèrzy (accusative plural)
bèrzojǫ (instrumental singular)
bèrzǭ (instrumental singular)
bèrzama (dual instrumental)
bèrzamī (instrumental plural)
bèrzě (locative singular)
bèrzu (dual locative)
bèrzasъ (locative plural)
bèrzaxъ (locative plural)
bèrzo (singular vocative)
bèrzě (dual vocative)
bèrzy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: береза (bereza)
Old Ruthenian: бере́за (beréza)
Belarusian: бяро́за (bjaróza)
Carpathian Rusyn: бере́за (beréza)
Ukrainian: бере́за (beréza)
→ Yiddish: בערעזע (bereze)
Russian: берёза (berjóza)
→ Yiddish: בעריאָזע (beryoze)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: брѣза (brěza)

Glagolitic script: ⰱⱃⱑⰸⰰ (brěza)

Bulgarian: бреза́ (brezá)

Macedonian: бреза (breza)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бре̏за

Latin script: brȅza

Slovene: brẹ́za (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: břieza

Czech: bříza

Moravian (Mistřice): březa

Polabian: breză

Polish: brzoza

Silesian: brzoza

Slovak: breza

Pomerian:

Kashubian: brzózka

Slovincian: brzôza

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: brjaza

Upper Sorbian: brěza

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *bérˀźas, *bérˀźāˀ from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵós. The term refers specially to birch species with white bark, like Betula pubescens. Other kinds of birch were known as *olьxa (“alder”) (also encountered as *elьxa in some descendants) because of their brownish bark.


slaviti

slavľenьje (noun-from-verb)
slaviti (infinitive)
slavitъ (supine)
slavilъ (l-participle)
slavľenъ (participle passive past)
slavimъ (participle passive present)
slavľь (active participle past)
slavę (active participle present)
slavixъ (aorist first-person singular)
slavi (aorist second-person singular)
slavi (aorist singular third-person)
slavľǫ (first-person present singular)
slaviši (present second-person singular)
slavitь (present singular third-person)
slavixově (aorist dual first-person)
slavista (aorist dual second-person)
slaviste (aorist dual third-person)
slavivě (dual first-person present)
slavita (dual present second-person)
slavite (dual present third-person)
slavixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
slaviste (aorist plural second-person)
slavišę (aorist plural third-person)
slavimъ (first-person plural present)
slavite (plural present second-person)
slavętь (plural present third-person)
slavľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
slavľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
slavľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
slavi (imperative second-person singular)
slavi (imperative singular third-person)
slavľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
slavľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
slavľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
slavivě (dual first-person imperative)
slavita (dual imperative second-person)
slavľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
slavľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
slavľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
slavimъ (first-person imperative plural)
slavite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: сла́віць (slávicʹ)

Russian: сла́вить (slávitʹ)

Ukrainian: сла́вити (slávyty)

South Slavic

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: славити (slaviti)

Bulgarian: сла̀вя (slàvja)

Macedonian: слави (slavi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сла̏вити

Latin script: slȁviti

Slovene: slavíti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic

Czech: slavit

Polish: sławić

Old Slovak:

Pannonian Rusyn: славиц (slavic)

Slovak: slaviť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: sławić

Lower Sorbian: sławiś


oje

ȍje (canonical neuter)
c (accent-paradigm)
ȍje (nominative singular)
ȍjesi (dual nominative)
ojesà (nominative plural)
ȍjese (genitive singular)
ojesù (dual genitive)
ojèsъ (genitive plural)
ȍjesi (dative singular)
ojesьmà (dative dual)
ojèsьmъ (dative plural)
ȍje (accusative singular)
ȍjesi (accusative dual)
ojesà (accusative plural)
ȍjesьmь (instrumental singular)
ojesьmà (dual instrumental)
ojesý (instrumental plural)
ȍjese (locative singular)
ojesù (dual locative)
ojèsьxъ (locative plural)
ȍje (singular vocative)
ȍjesi (dual vocative)
ojesà (plural vocative)
c (accent-paradigm)
ȍje (nominative singular)
ȍji (dual nominative)
ojà (nominative plural)
ȍja (genitive singular)
ojù (dual genitive)
òjь (genitive plural)
ȍju (dative singular)
ojemà (dative dual)
ojémъ (dative plural)
ȍje (accusative singular)
ȍji (accusative dual)
ojà (accusative plural)
ȍjьmь (instrumental singular)
ȍjemь (instrumental singular)
ojemà (dual instrumental)
ojí (instrumental plural)
ȍji (locative singular)
ojù (dual locative)
ojíxъ (locative plural)
ȍje (singular vocative)
ȍji (dual vocative)
ojà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: вае́ (vajé) (dialectal)

Russian: воё (vojó), вое́ (vojé) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: вія́ (vijá), воє́ (vojé) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: уя́ f (ujá) (Eastern Rupian)

desc

⇒ Bulgarian: ои́ще (oíšte), вои́ще (voíšte, “tillerbar of plough”) (dialectal)

Macedonian: оје (oje, “hem, bar”) (Tetovo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̀је n; о́ја f (secondary)

Latin script: òje n; ója f (secondary)

Slovene: ojẹ̑ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: oje n, ojě f

Czech: oj m

Moravian (Mistřice): u̯oje

Old Polish: oje

⇒ Polish: wojnica (“rudderbar”)

Slovak: oje, ojo

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wójo

Upper Sorbian: wojo

Non-Slavic:

⇒ Romanian: oiște (“shaft, beam, pole of carriage”)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ajas, from Proto-Indo-European *Hóyh₁os (“pole, tiller”) (given as *h₂éyh₁os by Snoj), perhaps ultimately from *h₂ey- (“to push, to force”) or *h₃ey- (“to steer”) (classical reconstructions just give *ei-/*oi- “post, bar”). Cognate with Proto-Finnic *aisa (“pole”) (of Indo-European origin, possibly Balto-Slavic), Ancient Greek οἰήϊον (oiḗïon, “handle of rudder”), Hittite 𒄭𒅖𒊭𒀭 (ḫišša-, “carriage pole”), Sanskrit ईषा (īṣā, “plank, pole”), Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬀 (aēša, “plough”). Further akin via other suffixes to Lithuanian íena (“thill”), Proto-Germanic *airō (“oar”), Ancient Greek οἴᾱξ (oíāx, “helm”).

cog

ojesьnica

*ojesьnъ, *ojьnъ (referencial adjectives)


divica

divica (nominative singular)
divici (dual nominative)
divicę̇ (nominative plural)
divicę̇ (genitive singular)
divicu (dual genitive)
divicь (genitive plural)
divici (dative singular)
divicama (dative dual)
divicamъ (dative plural)
divicǫ (accusative singular)
divici (accusative dual)
divicę̇ (accusative plural)
divicejǫ (instrumental singular)
divicǫ (instrumental singular)
divicama (dual instrumental)
divicami (instrumental plural)
divici (locative singular)
divicu (dual locative)
divicasъ (locative plural)
divicaxъ (locative plural)
divice (singular vocative)
divici (dual vocative)
divicę̇ (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian: (dialectal)

Cyrillic script: дѝвица

Latin script: dìvica

West Slavic:

Czech: divice

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: dźiwica

Upper Sorbian: źiwica

(West and South Slavic) wildling (about person or plant)


staja

stàja (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
staja (nominative singular)
stàji (dual nominative)
stàję̇ (nominative plural)
stàję̇ (genitive singular)
stàju (dual genitive)
stàjь (genitive plural)
stàjī (dative singular)
stàjama (dative dual)
stàjāmъ (dative plural)
stàjǫ (accusative singular)
stàji (accusative dual)
stàję̇ (accusative plural)
stàjējǫ (instrumental singular)
stàjǭ (instrumental singular)
stàjama (dual instrumental)
stàjāmī (instrumental plural)
stàjī (locative singular)
stàju (dual locative)
stàjāsъ (locative plural)
stàje (singular vocative)
stàji (dual vocative)
stàję̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: стаꙗ (staja)

Belarusian: ста́я (stája, “herd”), ста́йня (stájnja, “stable”)

→ Lithuanian: staĩnė (“stable”)

Russian: ста́я (stája, “herd, flock”)

desc

Ukrainian: ста́я (stája, “shepherd's hut”), ста́йня (stájnja, “stable”)

South Slavic

Old Church Slavonic: стаꙗ (staja)

Bulgarian: ста́я (stája, “room”)

Macedonian: стаја (staja) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ста̏ја

Latin script: stȁja

Slovene: stája (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: stájě

Czech: stáj m or f (standard), stáje f (alternative)

Old Slovak: staja, stajňa

Slovak: stajňa

Object noun of *stati (“to stand”) + *-ja. Related to Lithuanian stójus (rare), stotìs (“station”) and further akin to Proto-Germanic *stiją (“sty, shelter”).
A homomorphous resultant noun is attested in Polish staja f, staje n (“span, unit of measure”), Ukrainian ста́я (stája, “id.”).

→ herd, flock (East Slavic)

(by extension) sty, barn, stable (stall for livestock)


ličiti

ličenьje (noun-from-verb)
ličiti (infinitive)
ličitъ (supine)
ličilъ (l-participle)
ličenъ (participle passive past)
ličimъ (participle passive present)
ličь (active participle past)
ličę (active participle present)
ličixъ (aorist first-person singular)
liči (aorist second-person singular)
liči (aorist singular third-person)
ličǫ (first-person present singular)
ličiši (present second-person singular)
ličitь (present singular third-person)
ličixově (aorist dual first-person)
ličista (aorist dual second-person)
ličiste (aorist dual third-person)
ličivě (dual first-person present)
ličita (dual present second-person)
ličite (dual present third-person)
ličixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
ličiste (aorist plural second-person)
ličišę (aorist plural third-person)
ličimъ (first-person plural present)
ličite (plural present second-person)
ličętь (plural present third-person)
ličaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
ličaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
ličaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
liči (imperative second-person singular)
liči (imperative singular third-person)
ličaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
ličaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
ličaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
ličivě (dual first-person imperative)
ličita (dual imperative second-person)
ličaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
ličaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
ličaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
ličimъ (first-person imperative plural)
ličite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: личити (ličiti)

Belarusian: лічы́ць (ličýcʹ)

Russian: ли́чить (líčitʹ), -личи́ть (-ličítʹ)

Ukrainian: лічи́ти (ličýty)

South Slavic

Old Church Slavonic:

Russian Church Slavonic: личити (ličiti)

Bulgarian: лича́ (ličá)

Macedonian: личи (liči)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: лѝчити, ли́чити

Latin script: lìčiti, líčiti

Slovene: líčiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic

Old Czech: líčiti

Czech: líčit

desctree

Old Polish: liczyć
Polish: liczyć
Silesian: liczyć

Slovak: líčiť

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: liczëc

Slovincian: lëczic

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: licyś

Upper Sorbian: ličić


tajiti

tajìti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
tajenьje (noun-from-verb)
tajiti (infinitive)
tajitъ (supine)
tajilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
tajenъ (participle passive past)
tajimъ (participle passive present)
tajь (active participle past)
taję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
tajixъ (aorist first-person singular)
taji (aorist second-person singular)
taji (aorist singular third-person)
tajǫ (first-person present singular)
tajiši (present second-person singular)
tajitь (present singular third-person)
tajixově (aorist dual first-person)
tajista (aorist dual second-person)
tajiste (aorist dual third-person)
tajivě (dual first-person present)
tajita (dual present second-person)
tajite (dual present third-person)
tajixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tajiste (aorist plural second-person)
tajišę (aorist plural third-person)
tajimъ (first-person plural present)
tajite (plural present second-person)
tajętь (plural present third-person)
tajaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tajaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tajaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
taji (imperative second-person singular)
taji (imperative singular third-person)
tajaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tajaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tajaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tajivě (dual first-person imperative)
tajita (dual imperative second-person)
tajaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tajaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tajaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
tajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: таити (taiti), 1sg. таю (taju)

Belarusian: таі́ць (taícʹ)

Russian: таи́ть (taítʹ)

Ukrainian: таї́ти (tajíty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: таити (taiti)

Glagolitic: ⱅⰰⰹⱅⰹ (taiti)

Bulgarian: тая́ (tajá), 2p. таи́ш (taíš)

Macedonian: таи (tai)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: та́јити

Latin script: tájiti

Slovene: tajíti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: tajiti

Czech: tajit

Old Polish: taić

Polish: taić

Slovak: tajiť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: tajić, 1sg. taju

Lower Sorbian: tajiś

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)teh₂y-. Cognate with Hittite [script needed] (tāyezzi), [script needed] (tāyazzi, “to steal”), Old Irish táid (“thief”), Sanskrit तायु (tāyu, “thief”), Avestan 𐬙𐬁𐬫𐬎 (tāyu, “thief”), Ancient Greek τητάω (tētáō, “to deprive”), τηΰσιος (tēǘsios, “deceptive, (in) vain”) (Doric τᾱΰσιος (tāǘsios)), etc.


buniti

bujiti (imperfective)
buňenьje (noun-from-verb)
buniti (infinitive)
bunitъ (supine)
bunilъ (l-participle)
buňenъ (participle passive past)
buňь (active participle past)
bunixъ (aorist first-person singular)
buni (aorist second-person singular)
buni (aorist singular third-person)
buňǫ (first-person present singular)
buniši (present second-person singular)
bunitь (present singular third-person)
bunixově (aorist dual first-person)
bunista (aorist dual second-person)
buniste (aorist dual third-person)
bunivě (dual first-person present)
bunita (dual present second-person)
bunite (dual present third-person)
bunixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
buniste (aorist plural second-person)
bunišę (aorist plural third-person)
bunimъ (first-person plural present)
bunite (plural present second-person)
bunętь (plural present third-person)
buni (imperative second-person singular)
buni (imperative singular third-person)
bunivě (dual first-person imperative)
bunita (dual imperative second-person)
bunimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bunite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: буни́ть (bunítʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: буня́ (bunjá)

Macedonian: буни (buni)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бу́нити

Latin script: búniti

Formed as *buna (“excitation; riot”) + *-iti, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewH- (“to inflate, to grow”) and partially from the onomatopoeic *bew- (“to howl, to storm”).

inh

(by extension) → to rebel, to riot


barina

barina (nominative singular)
barině (dual nominative)
bariny (nominative plural)
bariny (genitive singular)
barinu (dual genitive)
barinъ (genitive plural)
barině (dative singular)
barinama (dative dual)
barinamъ (dative plural)
barinǫ (accusative singular)
barině (accusative dual)
bariny (accusative plural)
barinojǫ (instrumental singular)
barinǫ (instrumental singular)
barinama (dual instrumental)
barinami (instrumental plural)
barině (locative singular)
barinu (dual locative)
barinasъ (locative plural)
barinaxъ (locative plural)
barino (singular vocative)
barině (dual vocative)
bariny (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ба̏рина

Latin script: bȁrina

West Slavic:

Old Czech: bařina

Czech: bařina

desctree

⇒ Czech: bažina
→ Silesian: barzina
→ Upper Sorbian: bažina

Slovak: barina


mazati

màzati (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
mazanьje (noun-from-verb)
mazati (infinitive)
mazatъ (supine)
mazalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
mazanъ (participle passive past)
mažemъ (participle passive present)
mazavъ (active participle past)
mažę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
mazaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
maza (aorist second-person singular)
maza (aorist singular third-person)
mažǫ (first-person present singular)
mažeši (present second-person singular)
mažetь (present singular third-person)
mazaxově (aorist dual first-person)
mazasta (aorist dual second-person)
mazaste (aorist dual third-person)
maževě (dual first-person present)
mažeta (dual present second-person)
mažete (dual present third-person)
mazaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mazaste (aorist plural second-person)
mazašę (aorist plural third-person)
mažemъ (first-person plural present)
mažete (plural present second-person)
mažǫtь (plural present third-person)
mazaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mazaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mazaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
maži (imperative second-person singular)
maži (imperative singular third-person)
mazaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mazaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mazaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
maživě (dual first-person imperative)
mažita (dual imperative second-person)
mazaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mazaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mazaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mažimъ (first-person imperative plural)
mažite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мазати (mazati)

Belarusian: ма́заць (mázacʹ)

Russian: ма́зать (mázatʹ)

Ukrainian: ма́зати (mázaty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мазати (mazati)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: ма́жа (máža)

Macedonian: máž́am (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ма̏зати

Latin script: mȁzati

Slovene: mázati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mazati

Czech: mazat

Kashubian: mazac

Polabian: mozę (3sg.)

Old Polish: mazać

Polish: mazać

Slovak: mazať

Slovincian: mazac

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: mazać

Lower Sorbian: mazaś

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: mazac (regional)

Unclear.
* Derksen proposes two possibilities:
*# From Proto-Balto-Slavic *mōˀź-, cognate with Lithuanian mė́žti (“to muck out”), Latvian mêzt (“to muck out, to sweep”), mõzêt (“to gobble, to pound, to fool, to harass, to beat”).
*# Cognate with Ancient Greek μάσσω (mássō, “to knead”) (aorist passive μαγῆναι (magênai)), Old Armenian մածանիմ (macanim, “to thicken, to stick together”), English make, from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂ǵ-.
* Vasmer and Chernykh believe that both of the previous possibilities reflect the same PIE root, which underlies this term.


paǫkъ

pàǭkъ (canonical masculine)
a (accent-paradigm)
pàǭkъ (nominative singular)
pàǭka (dual nominative)
pàǭci (nominative plural)
pàǭka (genitive singular)
pàǭku (dual genitive)
pàǭkъ (genitive plural)
pàǭku (dative singular)
pàǭkoma (dative dual)
pàǭkomъ (dative plural)
pàǭkъ (accusative singular)
pàǭka (accusative dual)
pàǭky (accusative plural)
pàǭkъmь (instrumental singular)
pàǭkomь (instrumental singular)
pàǭkoma (dual instrumental)
pàǭkȳ (instrumental plural)
pàǭcě (locative singular)
pàǭku (dual locative)
pàǭcě̄xъ (locative plural)
pàǭče (singular vocative)
pàǭka (dual vocative)
pàǭci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: паѫкъ (paǫkŭ), паукъ (paukŭ)

Old Ruthenian: пау́къ (paúk), паву́къ (pavúk)

Belarusian: паву́к (pavúk)

Ukrainian: паву́к (pavúk)

Middle Russian: пау́къ (paúk)

Russian: пау́к (paúk)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: паѭкъ (pajǫkŭ), паѫкъ (paǫkŭ)

Glagolitic: ⱂⰰⱘⰽⱏ (paǫkŭ)

Bulgarian: па́як (pájak), па́янк (pájank), па́йонк (pájonk), па́енк (páenk)

Macedonian: пајак (pajak)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: па̏ӯк

Latin script: pȁūk

Slovene: pȃjək (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: paúk

Czech: pavouk

Kashubian: pajk

Polabian: pojąk

Polish: pająk

Silesian: pajōnk

Slovak: pavúk

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pawk

Upper Sorbian: pawk

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: pók

From *pà- + *ǫ̀kъ (“hook”); the second component is related to *ǫkotь.


drozdъ

drȍzdъ (canonical)
dròzdъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
drȍzdъ (nominative singular)
drȍzda (dual nominative)
drȍzdi (nominative plural)
drȍzda (genitive singular)
drozdù (dual genitive)
dròzdъ (genitive plural)
drȍzdu (dative singular)
drozdomà (dative dual)
drozdòmъ (dative plural)
drȍzdъ (accusative singular)
drȍzda (accusative dual)
drȍzdy (accusative plural)
drȍzdъmь (instrumental singular)
drȍzdomь (instrumental singular)
drozdomà (dual instrumental)
drozdý (instrumental plural)
drȍzdě (locative singular)
drozdù (dual locative)
drozdě̃xъ (locative plural)
drozde (singular vocative)
drȍzda (dual vocative)
drȍzdi (plural vocative)
b (accent-paradigm)
dròzdъ (nominative singular)
drozdà (dual nominative)
drozdì (nominative plural)
drozdà (genitive singular)
drozdù (dual genitive)
dròzdъ (genitive plural)
drozdù (dative singular)
drozdòma (dative dual)
drozdòmъ (dative plural)
dròzdъ (accusative singular)
drozdà (accusative dual)
drozdỳ (accusative plural)
drozdъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
drozdòmь (instrumental singular)
drozdòma (dual instrumental)
dròzdy (instrumental plural)
drozdě̀ (locative singular)
drozdù (dual locative)
dròzděxъ (locative plural)
drozde (singular vocative)
drozdà (dual vocative)
drozdì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: дрозд (drozd)

Russian: дрозд (drozd)

Ukrainian: дрізд (drizd)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: дрозд (drozd)

Macedonian: дрозд (drozd)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дро̏зд

Latin script: drȍzd

Slovene: drọ̑zd (rare), drọ̑zg

West Slavic:

Old Czech: drozd

Czech: drozd

Bohemian (Chod dialect): zdrozda f

Old Polish: drozd

Polish: drozd

Slovak: drozd

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: drózn, drózna

Lower Sorbian: drozn

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *trasdás, from Proto-Indo-European *trósdos. Balto-Slavic cognates include Lithuanian strãzdas, Latvian strazds, Old Prussian tresde. Indo-European cognates include Latin turdus, Old Irish truit, Old Norse þrǫstr, English thrush.


nozdra

nozdrà (canonical feminine)
c (accent-paradigm)
nozdrà (nominative singular)
nȍzdrě (dual nominative)
nȍzdry (nominative plural)
nozdrý (genitive singular)
nozdrù (dual genitive)
nòzdrъ (genitive plural)
nozdrě̀ (dative singular)
nozdràma (dative dual)
nozdràmъ (dative plural)
nȍzdrǫ (accusative singular)
nȍzdrě (accusative dual)
nȍzdry (accusative plural)
nozdrojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
nozdràma (dual instrumental)
nozdràmi (instrumental plural)
nȍzdrě (locative singular)
nozdrù (dual locative)
nozdràsъ (locative plural)
nozdràxъ (locative plural)
nozdro (singular vocative)
nȍzdrě (dual vocative)
nȍzdry (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: ноздрꙗ (nozdrja)
Old Ruthenian: ноздрꙗ (nozdrja), ноздра (nozdra)
Belarusian: наздра́ (nazdrá)
Carpathian Rusyn: ну́здря (núzdrja)
Ukrainian: ні́здря (nízdrja)
Russian: ноздря́ (nozdrjá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ноздри (nozdri) (plurale tantum)

desc

Bulgarian: но́здра (nózdra), но́здря (nózdrja)

Macedonian: но́здра (nózdra)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: но̏здрва

Latin script: nȍzdrva

Slovene: nọ̑zdra (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: nozdra

Old Polish: nozdrza

Polish: nozdrze

Slovak: nozdra

From *nȍzdьřa, hypothetically from a Pre-slavic form such as *nasdirjā, apparently from *nȍsъ (“nose”) + *dьràti (“to tear, to flay; to cut into pieces”).


četa

četa (nominative singular)
četě (dual nominative)
čety (nominative plural)
čety (genitive singular)
četu (dual genitive)
četъ (genitive plural)
četě (dative singular)
četama (dative dual)
četamъ (dative plural)
četǫ (accusative singular)
četě (accusative dual)
čety (accusative plural)
četojǫ (instrumental singular)
četǫ (instrumental singular)
četama (dual instrumental)
četami (instrumental plural)
četě (locative singular)
četu (dual locative)
četasъ (locative plural)
četaxъ (locative plural)
četo (singular vocative)
četě (dual vocative)
čety (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: чета (četa)

Russian: чета́ (četá)

Ukrainian: чота́ (čotá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: чета (četa)

Glagolitic: ⱍⰵⱅⰰ (četa)

Bulgarian: че́та (čéta)

Macedonian: чета (četa)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: че̏та

Latin script: čȅta

Slovene:

West Slavic:

Czech: četa

Slovak: čata

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: csata

Polish: czata

→ Romanian: ceată

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷeteh₂ "pair", from Proto-Indo-European *kʷet- "to fit together".


korbi

c (accent-paradigm)
korbľà (nominative singular)
kȏrbľi (dual nominative)
kȏrbľę̇ (nominative plural)
korbľę̇́ (genitive singular)
korbľù (dual genitive)
kõrbľь (genitive plural)
korbľì (dative singular)
korbľàma (dative dual)
korbľàmъ (dative plural)
kȏrbľǫ (accusative singular)
kȏrbľi (accusative dual)
kȏrbľę̇ (accusative plural)
korbľejǫ́ (instrumental singular)
korbľàma (dual instrumental)
korbľàmi (instrumental plural)
kȏrbľī (locative singular)
korbľù (dual locative)
korbľàsъ (locative plural)
korbľàxъ (locative plural)
korbľe (singular vocative)
kȏrbľi (dual vocative)
kȏrbľę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: коробиꙗ (korobija)

Old Ruthenian: коробьꙗ (korobʹja), коробꙗ (korobja)

⇒ Belarusian: (dialectal) коробэ́й m (korobéj)

Russian: (dialectal) ко́робья́ (kórobʹjá), коробея́ (korobejá)

Old Novgorodian: коробиꙗ (korobija)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⰽⱃⰰⰱⰻⰻ (krabii)

desctree

Old Cyrillic script: крабии (krabii)
→ Old East Slavic: крабии (krabii)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: крабија

Latin script: krabija

West Slavic:

Old Polish: krobia

Polish: krobia

From *kȏrbъ + *-i. Compare Lithuanian kar̃bija.


žara

žara (nominative singular)
žarě (dual nominative)
žary (nominative plural)
žary (genitive singular)
žaru (dual genitive)
žarъ (genitive plural)
žarě (dative singular)
žarama (dative dual)
žaramъ (dative plural)
žarǫ (accusative singular)
žarě (accusative dual)
žary (accusative plural)
žarojǫ (instrumental singular)
žarǫ (instrumental singular)
žarama (dual instrumental)
žarami (instrumental plural)
žarě (locative singular)
žaru (dual locative)
žarasъ (locative plural)
žaraxъ (locative plural)
žaro (singular vocative)
žarě (dual vocative)
žary (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *жара (*žara)

Old Ruthenian: *жара (*žara)

Belarusian: жара́ (žará)

Ukrainian: жара́ (žará)

Russian: жара́ (žará)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жа́ра

Latin script: žára

Slovene: žara (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Slovak: žiara

ru:Аникин, Александр Евгеньевич


rebro

rebrò (canonical neuter)
b (accent-paradigm)
rebrò (nominative singular)
rèbrě (dual nominative)
rebrà (nominative plural)
rebrà (genitive singular)
rebrù (dual genitive)
rèbrъ (genitive plural)
rebrù (dative singular)
rebròma (dative dual)
rebròmъ (dative plural)
rebrò (accusative singular)
rèbrě (accusative dual)
rebrà (accusative plural)
rebrъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
rebròmь (instrumental singular)
rebròma (dual instrumental)
rèbry (instrumental plural)
rebrě̀ (locative singular)
rebrù (dual locative)
rèbrěxъ (locative plural)
rebrò (singular vocative)
rèbrě (dual vocative)
rebrà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ребро́ (rebró)

Old Ruthenian: ребро́ (rebró)

Belarusian: рабро́ (rabró)

Ukrainian: ребро́ (rebró)

Russian: ребро́ (rebró)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: ребро (rebro)

Glagolitic script: ⱃⰵⰱⱃⱁ (rebro)

Bulgarian: ребро́ (rebró)

Macedonian: ребро (rebro)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: рѐбро

Latin script: rèbro

Slovene: rébro

West Slavic:

Old Czech: řebro

Czech: žebro

Polabian: rebrü

Old Polish: żebro
Polish: żebro
Silesian: ziebro

Slovak: rebro

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: żebro

Slovincian: rzêbrô

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: rjobro, rjobło

Upper Sorbian: rjebło

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rébra, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rebʰ-.


greti

gretì (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
grebenьje (noun-from-verb)
greti (infinitive)
gretъ (supine)
greblъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
grebenъ (participle passive past)
grebomъ (participle passive present)
grebъ (active participle past)
greby (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
grebъ (aorist first-person singular)
greboxъ (aorist first-person singular)
grebe (aorist second-person singular)
grebe (aorist singular third-person)
grebǫ (first-person present singular)
grebeši (present second-person singular)
grebetь (present singular third-person)
grebově (aorist dual first-person)
greboxově (aorist dual first-person)
grebeta (aorist dual second-person)
grebosta (aorist dual second-person)
grebete (aorist dual third-person)
greboste (aorist dual third-person)
grebevě (dual first-person present)
grebeta (dual present second-person)
grebete (dual present third-person)
grebomъ (aorist first-person plural)
greboxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
grebete (aorist plural second-person)
greboste (aorist plural second-person)
grebǫ (aorist plural third-person)
grebošę (aorist plural third-person)
grebemъ (first-person plural present)
grebete (plural present second-person)
grebǫtь (plural present third-person)
greběaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
greběaše (imperfect second-person singular)
greběaše (imperfect singular third-person)
grebi (imperative second-person singular)
grebi (imperative singular third-person)
greběaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
greběašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
greběašete (dual imperfect third-person)
greběvě (dual first-person imperative)
greběta (dual imperative second-person)
greběaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
greběašete (imperfect plural second-person)
greběaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
greběmъ (first-person imperative plural)
greběte (imperative plural second-person)

Rick Derksen
cs:Český etymologický slovník

East Slavic:

i

Old East Slavic: грети (greti), грести (gresti) (both attested only from the 14th century)

Belarusian: грэ́бці (hrébci)

Russian: грести́ (grestí)

Ukrainian: гребти́ (hrebtý)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: грети (greti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: греба́ (grebá)

Macedonian: гребе (grebe)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: грѐпсти

Latin script: grèpsti

Slovene: grébsti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desc

Old Czech: hřésti, hřébsti, ⇒ pohřésti, ⇒ pohřbieti

Czech: hřésti (obsolete), hřébsti (obsolete), hřběti (obsolete)

Kashubian: grzebac

Old Polish: grześć

Polish: grzebać

Slovak: hriebsť

From earlier *grebtì, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *grebtei, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrebʰ-. Cognate with Lithuanian grė́bti (“to seize, to rob, to rake”), Latvian grebt (“to seize, to scrape, to excavate”), Sanskrit गृह्णाति (gṛhṇā́ti), गृभ्णाति (gṛbhṇā́ti, “to seize, to hold, to take”), Gothic 𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (graban, “to dig”), English grab. Per Derksen, the acute vowel of Lithuanian grė́bti is analogical after gróbti (“to seize”).
Note the development of the infinitive: *grebtì > *gretì (by regular sound change) > *grestì (by analogy with other consonant-stem verbs, most of which have infinitives in -*sti or -*zti) > *grebstì (by analogy with the stem *greb-, only in some languages).


dělo

dě̀lo (canonical neuter)
a (accent-paradigm)
dě̀lo (nominative singular)
dě̀lě (dual nominative)
dě̀la (nominative plural)
dě̀la (genitive singular)
dě̀lu (dual genitive)
dě̀lъ (genitive plural)
dě̀lu (dative singular)
dě̀loma (dative dual)
dě̀lomъ (dative plural)
dě̀lo (accusative singular)
dě̀lě (accusative dual)
dě̀la (accusative plural)
dě̀lъmь (instrumental singular)
dě̀lomь (instrumental singular)
dě̀loma (dual instrumental)
dě̀lȳ (instrumental plural)
dě̀lě (locative singular)
dě̀lu (dual locative)
dě̀lě̄xъ (locative plural)
dě̀lo (singular vocative)
dě̀lě (dual vocative)
dě̀la (plural vocative)
a (accent-paradigm)
dě̀lo (nominative singular)
dě̀lesi (dual nominative)
dě̀lesā (nominative plural)
dě̀lese (genitive singular)
dě̀lesu (dual genitive)
dě̀lesъ (genitive plural)
dě̀lesi (dative singular)
dě̀lesьma (dative dual)
dě̀lesьmъ (dative plural)
dě̀lo (accusative singular)
dě̀lesi (accusative dual)
dě̀lesā (accusative plural)
dě̀lesьmь (instrumental singular)
dě̀lesьma (dual instrumental)
dě̀lesȳ (instrumental plural)
dě̀lese (locative singular)
dě̀lesu (dual locative)
dě̀lesьxъ (locative plural)
dě̀lo (singular vocative)
dě̀lesi (dual vocative)
dě̀lesā (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дѣло (dělo)

Belarusian: дзе́ла (dzjéla)

Russian: де́ло (délo)

Ukrainian: ді́ло (dílo)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: дѣло (dělo)

Glagolitic script: ⰴⱑⰾⱁ (dělo)

Bulgarian: де́ло (délo) (Western pronunciation), дя́ло (djálo) (Eastern pronunciation)

Macedonian: де́ло (délo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: де̏ло

Latin script: dȅlo

Slovene: dẹ́lo (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dielo

Czech: dílo (“work”); dělo (“cannon”)

Polabian: ďolü

Old Polish: działo

Polish: działo

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: dzało

Old Slovak:

Pannonian Rusyn: дїло (djilo)

Slovak: dielo (“work”); delo (“cannon”)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: dźěło

Lower Sorbian: źěło

From *děti + *-lo, inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *dḗˀla, formally from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-lom (o-stem) or *dʰeh₁-los (s-stem), an l-derivative from *dʰeh₁- (“to put, to do”). Cognate with Lithuanian padėlỹs, priedėlė̃ (“appendix”).
Superficially also resembles Old Czech děloha (“womb”) (< hypothetical *děloga), which more likely corresponds to Lithuanian dėlė (“leech”), Latvian dēls (“boy”) from related root *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to nurish, to suckle”) (cognate with Latin fīlius (“son”), Ancient Greek θηλή (thēlḗ, “nipple”)).


griva

grìva (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
grìva (nominative singular)
grìvě (dual nominative)
grìvy (nominative plural)
grìvy (genitive singular)
grìvu (dual genitive)
grìvъ (genitive plural)
grìvě (dative singular)
grìvama (dative dual)
grìvamъ (dative plural)
grìvǫ (accusative singular)
grìvě (accusative dual)
grìvy (accusative plural)
grìvojǫ (instrumental singular)
grìvǭ (instrumental singular)
grìvama (dual instrumental)
grìvamī (instrumental plural)
grìvě (locative singular)
grìvu (dual locative)
grìvasъ (locative plural)
grìvaxъ (locative plural)
grìvo (singular vocative)
grìvě (dual vocative)
grìvy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гри́ва (gríva)

Belarusian: гры́ва (hrýva)

Russian: гри́ва (gríva)

Ukrainian: гри́ва (hrýva)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: гри́ва (gríva)

Macedonian: грива (griva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гри̏ва

Latin script: grȉva

Slovene: gríva (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: grzëwa

Old Czech: hříva

Czech: hříva

Polish: grzywa

Silesian: grziwa

Slovak: hriva

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: hriwa

Lower Sorbian: griwa

→ Yiddish: גריווע (grive)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *grī́ˀwāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷriHwéh₂.


čakati

čakanьje (noun-from-verb)
čakati (infinitive)
čakatъ (supine)
čakalъ (l-participle)
čakanъ (participle passive past)
čakajemъ (participle passive present)
čakavъ (active participle past)
čakaję (active participle present)
čakaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
čaka (aorist second-person singular)
čaka (aorist singular third-person)
čakajǫ (first-person present singular)
čakaješi (present second-person singular)
čakajetь (present singular third-person)
čakaxově (aorist dual first-person)
čakasta (aorist dual second-person)
čakaste (aorist dual third-person)
čakajevě (dual first-person present)
čakajeta (dual present second-person)
čakajete (dual present third-person)
čakaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
čakaste (aorist plural second-person)
čakašę (aorist plural third-person)
čakajemъ (first-person plural present)
čakajete (plural present second-person)
čakajǫtь (plural present third-person)
čakaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
čakaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
čakaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
čakaji (imperative second-person singular)
čakaji (imperative singular third-person)
čakaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
čakaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
čakaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
čakajivě (dual first-person imperative)
čakajita (dual imperative second-person)
čakaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
čakaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
čakaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
čakajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
čakajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ча́кам (čákam)

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: ча̏kati

Latin script: čȁkati

Slovene: čákati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: čakati

Old Polish: czakać

Slovak: čakať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: cakaś

Upper Sorbian: čakać

Considered by some to be an extension of *čajati.


verti

vertì (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
vьrtьje (noun-from-verb)
verti (infinitive)
vertъ (supine)
vьrlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
vьrtъ (participle passive past)
vьromъ (participle passive present)
vьrъ (active participle past)
vьry (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
verxъ (aorist first-person singular)
ver (aorist second-person singular)
ver (aorist singular third-person)
vьrǫ (first-person present singular)
vьreši (present second-person singular)
vьretь (present singular third-person)
verxově (aorist dual first-person)
versta (aorist dual second-person)
verste (aorist dual third-person)
vьrevě (dual first-person present)
vьreta (dual present second-person)
vьrete (dual present third-person)
verxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
verste (aorist plural second-person)
veršę (aorist plural third-person)
vьremъ (first-person plural present)
vьrete (plural present second-person)
vьrǫtь (plural present third-person)
vьrěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vьrěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vьrěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vьri (imperative second-person singular)
vьri (imperative singular third-person)
vьrěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vьrěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vьrěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vьrěvě (dual first-person imperative)
vьrěta (dual imperative second-person)
vьrěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vьrěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vьrěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vьrěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
vьrěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: вере́ть (verétʹ) (obsolete)

⇒ Russian: вера́ть (verátʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: врѣти (vrěti)

⇒ Romanian: vârî

Bulgarian: вра́ (vrá)

Slovene: vẹ́rti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Polish: wrzeć (“to squeeze, press”)

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wérˀtei, perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wer-.
Slavic may have inherited two separate forms from the same root: thematic present with mobile accent and athematic root-aorist with fixed.


kolęda

kolęda (nominative singular)
kolędě (dual nominative)
kolędy (nominative plural)
kolędy (genitive singular)
kolędu (dual genitive)
kolędъ (genitive plural)
kolędě (dative singular)
kolędama (dative dual)
kolędamъ (dative plural)
kolędǫ (accusative singular)
kolędě (accusative dual)
kolędy (accusative plural)
kolędojǫ (instrumental singular)
kolędǫ (instrumental singular)
kolędama (dual instrumental)
kolędami (instrumental plural)
kolędě (locative singular)
kolędu (dual locative)
kolędasъ (locative plural)
kolędaxъ (locative plural)
kolędo (singular vocative)
kolędě (dual vocative)
kolędy (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: колꙗда (koljada) (Russian)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: колꙗда (koljada)

Belarusian: каляда́ (kaljadá), plural каля́ды (kaljády)

Russian: коляда́ (koljadá)*, plural коля́ды (koljády)

⇒ Russian: коля́дка (koljádka)*

Ukrainian: коляда́ (koljadá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: колѧда

desc

Bulgarian: Ко́леда (Kóleda), Ко́ленда (Kólenda) (dialectal), Коле́нда (Kolénda) (dialectal)

Macedonian: Коледе (Kolede)

Serbo-Croatian: kòleda, ко̀леда

Slovene: koléda

West Slavic:

Czech: koleda

Kashubian: kòlãda

Old Polish: kolęda

Polish: kolęda

Slovak: koleda

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: kóloda

Non-Slavic

→ Romanian: colindă

→ Lithuanian: Kalė̃dos

Borrowed from Latin kalendae (“calends (first day of month)”).


širina

širina (nominative singular)
širině (dual nominative)
širiny (nominative plural)
širiny (genitive singular)
širinu (dual genitive)
širinъ (genitive plural)
širině (dative singular)
širinama (dative dual)
širinamъ (dative plural)
širinǫ (accusative singular)
širině (accusative dual)
širiny (accusative plural)
širinojǫ (instrumental singular)
širinǫ (instrumental singular)
širinama (dual instrumental)
širinami (instrumental plural)
širině (locative singular)
širinu (dual locative)
širinasъ (locative plural)
širinaxъ (locative plural)
širino (singular vocative)
širině (dual vocative)
širiny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ширина (širina)

desc

Old Ruthenian: ширина (širina), ширинꙗ (širinja), шерина (šerina)

Belarusian: шырыня́ (šyrynjá); шыры́на (šyrýna) (dialectal)

Carpathian Rusyn: ширина (šyryna)

Ukrainian: ширина́ (šyryná)

Russian: ширина́ (širiná)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ширина̀ (širinà)

Macedonian: ширина (širina)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ширѝна

Latin script: širìna

West Slavic:

Polish: szerzyna (obsolete)


polsa

polsà (canonical feminine)
c (accent-paradigm)
polsà (nominative singular)
pȏlsě (dual nominative)
pȏlsy (nominative plural)
polsý (genitive singular)
polsù (dual genitive)
põlsъ (genitive plural)
polsě̀ (dative singular)
polsàma (dative dual)
polsàmъ (dative plural)
pȏlsǫ (accusative singular)
pȏlsě (accusative dual)
pȏlsy (accusative plural)
polsojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
polsàma (dual instrumental)
polsàmi (instrumental plural)
pȏlsě (locative singular)
polsù (dual locative)
polsàsъ (locative plural)
polsàxъ (locative plural)
polso (singular vocative)
pȏlsě (dual vocative)
pȏlsy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: паласа́ (palasá)

Russian: полоса́ (polosá)

Ukrainian: полоса́ (polosá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: пласа (plasa)

Glagolitic: ⱂⰾⰰⱄⰰ (plasa)

Bulgarian: пла́са (plása)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пла̏са

Latin script: plȁsa

Slovene: plása (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: plasa

Czech: plasa

Polish: płosa

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *palśā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *polḱéh₂. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *falgō.


maca

maca (nominative singular)
maci (dual nominative)
macę̇ (nominative plural)
macę̇ (genitive singular)
macu (dual genitive)
macь (genitive plural)
maci (dative singular)
macama (dative dual)
macamъ (dative plural)
macǫ (accusative singular)
maci (accusative dual)
macę̇ (accusative plural)
macejǫ (instrumental singular)
macǫ (instrumental singular)
macama (dual instrumental)
macami (instrumental plural)
maci (locative singular)
macu (dual locative)
macasъ (locative plural)
macaxъ (locative plural)
mace (singular vocative)
maci (dual vocative)
macę̇ (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ма́ца (máca)

Macedonian: маца (maca)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ма́ца

Latin script: máca

Slovene: muca

→ Albanian: macë

→ Turkish: maçka, maçi

→ Hungarian: macska

→ Greek: μάτσιου (mátsiou)

Likely onomatopoeic.
Compare
German Mieze (“pussy, pussycat, female cat”), Mietzchen (“pussy, kitty”),
French matou (“tomcat”), Albanian mace (“cat”).


žaloba

žaloba (nominative singular)
žalobě (dual nominative)
žaloby (nominative plural)
žaloby (genitive singular)
žalobu (dual genitive)
žalobъ (genitive plural)
žalobě (dative singular)
žalobama (dative dual)
žalobamъ (dative plural)
žalobǫ (accusative singular)
žalobě (accusative dual)
žaloby (accusative plural)
žalobojǫ (instrumental singular)
žalobǫ (instrumental singular)
žalobama (dual instrumental)
žalobami (instrumental plural)
žalobě (locative singular)
žalobu (dual locative)
žalobasъ (locative plural)
žalobaxъ (locative plural)
žalobo (singular vocative)
žalobě (dual vocative)
žaloby (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: жалоба (žaloba)
Old Ruthenian: жало́ба (žalóba), жалу́ба (žalúba), жоло́ба (žolóba)
Belarusian: жало́ба (žalóba)
Carpathian Rusyn: жало́ба (žalóba)
Ukrainian: жало́ба (žalóba)
Russian: жа́лоба (žáloba)

Old Novgorodian: жалоба (žaloba)

South Slavic:

Slovene: žalóba (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: žaloba

Kashubian: žałoba

Polish: żałoba

Slovak: žaloba


ače

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: аче (ače)

Old Ruthenian:

Belarusian: ач (ač) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: ач́ (ač́)

Russian: а́че (áče), ач (ač)

Old Novgorodian: аче (ače)

South Slavic:

⇒ Bulgarian: обаче (obače)

Serbo-Croatian: (Old Serbian)

Latin script: ače

Cyrillic script: аче

Slovene: àče (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: ač

Czech: ač

Kashubian: acz

Old Polish: acz

Polish: acz

Slovak: ač

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: ac (obsolete)

Upper Sorbian: hač; ač (dated)