batę

batę (nominative singular)
batęti (dual nominative)
batęta (nominative plural)
batęte (genitive singular)
batętu (dual genitive)
batętъ (genitive plural)
batęti (dative singular)
batętьma (dative dual)
batętьmъ (dative plural)
batę (accusative singular)
batęti (accusative dual)
batęta (accusative plural)
batętьmь (instrumental singular)
batętьma (dual instrumental)
batęty (instrumental plural)
batęte (locative singular)
batętu (dual locative)
batętьxъ (locative plural)
batę (singular vocative)
batęti (dual vocative)
batęta (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: батѧ

Belarusian: ба́ця (bácja)

Russian: ба́тя (bátja)

desc

Ukrainian: ба́тя (bátja), ба́тьо (bátʹo)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ба́те (báte), dial. ба́чо (báčo), баща́ (baštá)

Macedonian: бате (bate) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Czech: baťa (if not from *baťa)

Slovak: baťa (if not from *baťa)

→ Hungarian: bátya (possibly)

→ Romanian: bade (possibly)

Diminutive of a rare *batь + *-ę (attested in Bulgarian and Ukrainian).

ętry

sister-in-law (husband's brother's wife)

older brother (or another male relative)


kopanь

kȍpanь (canonical feminine)
c (accent-paradigm)
kȍpanь (nominative singular)
kȍpani (dual nominative)
kȍpani (nominative plural)
kopaní (genitive singular)
kopanьjù (dual genitive)
kopanь̀jь (genitive plural)
kȍpani (dative singular)
kopanьmà (dative dual)
kȍpanьmъ (dative plural)
kȍpanь (accusative singular)
kȍpani (accusative dual)
kȍpani (accusative plural)
kopanьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
kopanьmà (dual instrumental)
kopanьmì (instrumental plural)
kopaní (locative singular)
kopanьjù (dual locative)
kȍpanьxъ (locative plural)
kopani (singular vocative)
kȍpani (dual vocative)
kȍpani (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: копань (kopanĭ)

Russian: ко́пань (kópanʹ, “pit”) (obsolete)

Ukrainian: ко́пань (kópanʹ, “earthwork”) (obsolete)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: копань (kopanĭ)

⇒ Romanian: copaie

Bulgarian: ко́пан (kópan), копа́не (kopáne)

→ копа́нка (kopánka) (diminutive)

→ Macedonian: копанка (kopanka) (diminutive)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ко̀па̄њ (obsolete, dialectal)

Latin script: kòpānj (obsolete, dialectal)

West Slavic:

Polish: kopań (obsolete)

Deverbial action noun of *kopati (“to dig”) + *-nь, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kep-. Akin to Ancient Greek κόπανος m (kópanos, “bat”), κόπανον n (kópanon, “vessel for braying”), whence comes the Late Balkan Slavic loanword копанъ (kopanŭ, “bat for laundry; poultry leg”) encountered in Bulgarian and Macedonian.

cog

→ (by extension) hollow, pit, trough


dъbati

dъbanьje (noun-from-verb)
dъbati (infinitive)
dъbatъ (supine)
dъbalъ (l-participle)
dъbanъ (participle passive past)
dъbajemъ (participle passive present)
dъbavъ (active participle past)
dъbaję (active participle present)
dъbaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dъba (aorist second-person singular)
dъba (aorist singular third-person)
dъbajǫ (first-person present singular)
dъbaješi (present second-person singular)
dъbajetь (present singular third-person)
dъbaxově (aorist dual first-person)
dъbasta (aorist dual second-person)
dъbaste (aorist dual third-person)
dъbajevě (dual first-person present)
dъbajeta (dual present second-person)
dъbajete (dual present third-person)
dъbaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dъbaste (aorist plural second-person)
dъbašę (aorist plural third-person)
dъbajemъ (first-person plural present)
dъbajete (plural present second-person)
dъbajǫtь (plural present third-person)
dъbaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dъbaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dъbaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dъbaji (imperative second-person singular)
dъbaji (imperative singular third-person)
dъbaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dъbaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dъbaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dъbajivě (dual first-person imperative)
dъbajita (dual imperative second-person)
dъbaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dъbaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dъbaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dъbajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dъbajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: дбаць (dbacʹ)

Russian: дбать (dbatʹ)

Ukrainian: дба́ти (dbáty)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dbáti

Czech: dbát

Polish: dbać

Slovak: dbať

Kashubian: dbac

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: dbać

Lower Sorbian: dźbaś

Uncertain. One hypothesis connects it to Latin dubāre (“to doubt”), Latin dubius (“dubious”), ultimately a derivative from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ (“two”). Along a similar line of logic is a potential connection to Proto-Slavic *dybati (“to meander, to get atop”), possibly a cognate with Proto-Germanic *tuppijô (“to be atop”), from Proto-Indo-European *dwe(m)b- (“top”).
Another option is a borrowing from Proto-Indo-Iranian source, probably Scythian.
A third hypothesis is a possible metathesis of Proto-Slavic *bъděti (“to be awake”), under the influence of an earlier negated form *nebъda > *nedъba.
Some scholars also relate it to *deběti (“to stalk”) + *-ati, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰebʰ-, which would require an earlier proto-form *dьbati. The expected grade in this case is e-grade or ē-grade, however, 0-grade is not impossible, either.


Miroslavъ

Miroslàvъ (canonical masculine)
Miroslàva (feminine)
Miroslavъ (nominative singular)
Miroslava (dual nominative)
Miroslavi (nominative plural)
Miroslava (genitive singular)
Miroslavu (dual genitive)
Miroslavъ (genitive plural)
Miroslavu (dative singular)
Miroslavomъ (dative plural)
Miroslavъ (accusative singular)
Miroslava (accusative dual)
Miroslavy (accusative plural)
Miroslavy (instrumental plural)
Miroslavě (locative singular)
Miroslavu (dual locative)
Miroslavěxъ (locative plural)
Miroslave (singular vocative)
Miroslava (dual vocative)
Miroslavi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: Мирославъ (Miroslavŭ)

Old Ruthenian: Миросла́въ (Mirosláv)

Belarusian: Мірасла́ў (Mirasláŭ)

Ukrainian: Миросла́в (Myrosláv)

Russian: Миросла́в (Mirosláv)

desc

Old Novgorodian: Мирославе (Miroslave), Миръславе (Mirŭslave), Мирславе (Mirslave)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: Миросла́в (Mirosláv)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: Ми̏рослав, Ми̏росав

Cyrillic script: Ми̏рослав, Ми̏росав

Latin script: Mȉroslav, Mȉrosav

West Slavic:

Old Czech: Miroslav

Czech: Miroslav

Polish: Mirosław

Slovak: Miroslav

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: Mirosław

Upper Sorbian: Měrosław

From *mȋrъ (“peace; world”) + *-o- + *slàva (“glory, fame”).

compound

uk:Гринчишин Дмитро Григорович


dybati

dybanьje (noun-from-verb)
dybati (infinitive)
dybatъ (supine)
dybalъ (l-participle)
dybanъ (participle passive past)
dybomъ (participle passive present)
dybavъ (active participle past)
dyby (active participle present)
dybaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dyba (aorist second-person singular)
dyba (aorist singular third-person)
dybǫ (first-person present singular)
dybeši (present second-person singular)
dybetь (present singular third-person)
dybaxově (aorist dual first-person)
dybasta (aorist dual second-person)
dybaste (aorist dual third-person)
dybevě (dual first-person present)
dybeta (dual present second-person)
dybete (dual present third-person)
dybaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dybaste (aorist plural second-person)
dybašę (aorist plural third-person)
dybemъ (first-person plural present)
dybete (plural present second-person)
dybǫtь (plural present third-person)
dybaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dybaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dybaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dybi (imperative second-person singular)
dybi (imperative singular third-person)
dybaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dybaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dybaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dyběvě (dual first-person imperative)
dyběta (dual imperative second-person)
dybaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dybaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dybaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dyběmъ (first-person imperative plural)
dyběte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дꙑбати (dybati)

desc

Belarusian: ды́баць (dýbacʹ, “to approach”), дыба́ць (dybácʹ, “to tread”)

Russian: ды́бать (dýbatʹ, “to stand insecurely”)

Ukrainian: ди́бати (dýbaty, “to joggle, to move in abnormal manner”)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: дибя́ (dibjá)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дибати

Latin script: dibati

West Slavic:

Polish: dybać

Slovak: dibať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: dybaś

Uncertain. Probably formed as *dyba (“staff, derrick”) + *-ti from 0-grade of Proto-Indo-European *dwe(m)b- (“top”), akin to Proto-Germanic *tuppijô (“to be atop”).
Alternatively, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewb- (“deep”), related to Proto-Slavic *ďubati (“to peck”), Proto-Germanic *daupijaną (“to immerse”) via uncertain semantic shift.

cog

to stay atop, to stand on back feet (for tetrapod animals)


pьrga

pьrga (nominative singular)
pьrdzě (dual nominative)
pьrgy (nominative plural)
pьrgy (genitive singular)
pьrgu (dual genitive)
pьrgъ (genitive plural)
pьrdzě (dative singular)
pьrgama (dative dual)
pьrgamъ (dative plural)
pьrgǫ (accusative singular)
pьrdzě (accusative dual)
pьrgy (accusative plural)
pьrgojǫ (instrumental singular)
pьrgǫ (instrumental singular)
pьrgama (dual instrumental)
pьrgami (instrumental plural)
pьrdzě (locative singular)
pьrgu (dual locative)
pьrgasъ (locative plural)
pьrgaxъ (locative plural)
pьrgo (singular vocative)
pьrdzě (dual vocative)
pьrgy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: пьрга (pĭrga)

Belarusian: пярга́ (pjarhá)

Russian: перга́ (pergá)

→? Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: перга

Latin script: perga

Ukrainian: перга́ (perhá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: пръга (prŭga)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пр̏га, пр́га

Latin script: pȑga, pŕga

Slovene: pŕga

West Slavic:

Czech: prha

Polish: pierzga

Slovak: perga

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: pârgă

After Snoj, from *pьržiti (“to fry, to roast”).
Vasmer connected it with *prygati (“to jump”), Lithuanian proga (“sprout”), Sanskrit पराग (parāga, “pollen”) based on the meaning “beebread”, which however, more parsimoniously, can be presumed transferred from a human meal to the animal world.

roasted victuals ground and pulped together


nebьce

Slavic (South)
nebьce (nominative singular)
nebьci (dual nominative)
nebьca (nominative plural)
nebьca (genitive singular)
nebьcu (dual genitive)
nebьcь (genitive plural)
nebьcu (dative singular)
nebьcema (dative dual)
nebьcemъ (dative plural)
nebьce (accusative singular)
nebьci (accusative dual)
nebьca (accusative plural)
nebьcьmь (instrumental singular)
nebьcemь (instrumental singular)
nebьcema (dual instrumental)
nebьci (instrumental plural)
nebьci (locative singular)
nebьcu (dual locative)
nebьcixъ (locative plural)
nebьce (singular vocative)
nebьci (dual vocative)
nebьca (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Ukrainian: не́бце (nébce, “ceiling arc”) (obsolete)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: небце́ (nebcé)

Macedonian: не́пце (népce)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: нѐпце

Latin script: nèpce

Slovene: nę̑bce (colloquial)

West Slavic:

Slovak: nebce (obsolete)

Diminutive of *nebo (“sky”), formed via *-ьce. Compare parallel Balkan formations Greek ουρανίσκος (ouranískos), Albanian qiellzë. The meaning either reflects the position of the palate at the roof of the mouth cavity, just like the sky is the roof of the world, or less likely continues the archaic meaning “pseudo-moisture”, which according to some is the original meaning of Proto-Indo-European *nebʰ-.
Most other Slavic languages also use derivatives of *nebo to denote “palate”, however, not exactly the diminutive in *-ьce: e.g. Russian нёбо (njóbo), Ukrainian піднебі́ння (pidnebínnja), Polish podniebienie, Slovak podnebie. The only exception is Czech patro.


lopъ

lopъ (nominative singular)
lopa (dual nominative)
lopi (nominative plural)
lopa (genitive singular)
lopu (dual genitive)
lopъ (genitive plural)
lopu (dative singular)
lopoma (dative dual)
lopomъ (dative plural)
lopъ (accusative singular)
lopa (accusative dual)
lopy (accusative plural)
lopъmь (instrumental singular)
lopomь (instrumental singular)
lopoma (dual instrumental)
lopy (instrumental plural)
lopě (locative singular)
lopu (dual locative)
lopěxъ (locative plural)
lope (singular vocative)
lopa (dual vocative)
lopi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: лоп (lop)

Russian: лоп (lop) (colloquial)

Ukrainian: лоп (lop)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: лоп-лоп (lop-lop)

⇒ Bulgarian: лоп (lop, “robbery, plunder”) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ло̏п

Latin script: lȍp

Slovene: lòp

Per Vasmer, of onomatopoeic origin. The secondary meaning “gulping, devouring” is comparable with Latvian lepêt (“to eat vigorously”), Lithuanian lapénti (“to absorb”), Proto-Germanic *lapōną (“to lap, to slurp”), themselves onomatopoeic. Likely further akin to Ancient Greek λᾰ́πτω (láptō, “to gulp, drink greedily”)

cog

lopъka

*lopati (“to rattle; to gulp, to swallow”), *lopiti (“to clap, to bang, to strike”)


lopъ

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: лоп (lop, “butterbur”) (dialectal)

Macedonian: лоп (lop, “water rose”)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *lápas (“leaf”), cognate with Lithuanian lãpas (“leaf”), Latvian lapa (“leaf, sheet of paper”). Probably akin to Proto-Germanic *lappô (“lap, rag”), Proto-Germanic *lattō (“lath, shutter, board”). C. D. Buck suggests further relationship to Ancient Greek λέπω (lépō, “to peel”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European.

(regional) plant, herb with large bulbous leaves


pečalь

pečalь (nominative singular)
pečali (dual nominative)
pečali (nominative plural)
pečali (genitive singular)
pečalьju (dual genitive)
pečalьjь (genitive plural)
pečali (dative singular)
pečalьma (dative dual)
pečalьmъ (dative plural)
pečalь (accusative singular)
pečali (accusative dual)
pečali (accusative plural)
pečalьjǫ (instrumental singular)
pečalьma (dual instrumental)
pečalьmi (instrumental plural)
pečali (locative singular)
pečalьju (dual locative)
pečalьxъ (locative plural)
pečali (singular vocative)
pečali (dual vocative)
pečali (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: печаль (pečalĭ)

Belarusian: печа́ль (pječálʹ)

Russian: печа́ль (pečálʹ)

Ukrainian: печа́ль (pečálʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: печаль (pečalĭ)

desc

Bulgarian: печа́л (pečál, “sorrow, sadness”), пе́чал (péčal, “gain, profit”)

Macedonian: печал (pečal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: печаљ (obsolete)

Latin script: pečalj (obsolete)

Slovene: реčа̑l

Abstract deverbial noun reflecting Pre-Slavic *pekělь, formed as *pekti (“to bake”) + *-ělь. Underwent the same semantic shift burning → pain, burden → sadness, grief as Proto-Slavic *goře.

→ (by abstraction) sadness, emotional pain

(by specialization) sorrow, grief, mourning

→ (by metonymy) profit, reward


pečatь

pečàtь (canonical masculine)
a (accent-paradigm)
pečatь (nominative singular)
pečati (dual nominative)
pečatьjē (nominative plural)
pečatī (genitive singular)
pečatьju (dual genitive)
pečatьjь (genitive plural)
pečati (dative singular)
pečatьma (dative dual)
pečatьmъ (dative plural)
pečatь (accusative singular)
pečati (accusative dual)
pečati (accusative plural)
pečatьmь (instrumental singular)
pečatьma (dual instrumental)
pečatьmī (instrumental plural)
pečatī (locative singular)
pečatьju (dual locative)
pečatьxъ (locative plural)
pečati (singular vocative)
pečati (dual vocative)
pečatьjē (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: печать (pečatĭ)

Belarusian: печа́ць (pječácʹ)

Russian: печа́ть f (pečátʹ)

Ukrainian: печа́ть (pečátʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: печать (pečatĭ)

⇒ Romanian: pecete

⇒ Hungarian: pecsét

Bulgarian: печа́т (pečát)

Macedonian: печат (pečat)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пèчат

Latin script: pèčat

Slovene: pečȃt

West Slavic:

Old Czech: pečět

Czech: pečeť f

Kashubian: piéczec, piéczac (archaic or dialectal)

Old Polish: pieczęć f, with secondary nasalization

Slovak: реčať f

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: рjеčаt

Probably a contamination of an earlier *pečětь (“brand”), formed as *pekti (“to bake, to cook”) + *-ětь, under the influence of an Oghur term (per BER) surviving as Chuvash пичет (pič̬et, “seal, cachet”).

Marko Snoj
ru:Варбот, Жанна Жановна


kosatъ

kosàtъ (canonical)
kosatъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
kosata (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
kosato (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
kosata (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
kosaty (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
kosata (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
kosatu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
kosatě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
kosatu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
kosatъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
kosatǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
kosato (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
kosatomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
kosatojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
kosatomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
kosatě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
kosatě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
kosatě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
kosate (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
kosato (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
kosato (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
kosata (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
kosatě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
kosatě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
kosatu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
kosatu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
kosatu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
kosatoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
kosatama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
kosatoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
kosata (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
kosatě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
kosatě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
kosatoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
kosatama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
kosatoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
kosatu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
kosatu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
kosatu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
kosata (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
kosatě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
kosatě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
kosati (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
kosaty (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
kosata (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
kosatъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
kosatъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
kosatъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
kosatomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
kosatamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
kosatomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
kosaty (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
kosaty (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
kosata (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
kosaty (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
kosatami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
kosaty (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
kosatěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
kosataxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
kosatěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
kosati (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
kosaty (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
kosata (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
kosatъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
kosataja (definite feminine nominative singular)
kosatoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
kosatajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
kosatyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
kosatajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
kosatujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
kosatěji (dative definite feminine singular)
kosatujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
kosatъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
kosatǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
kosatoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
kosatyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
kosatǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
kosatyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
kosatějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
kosatěji (definite feminine locative singular)
kosatějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
kosatъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
kosataja (definite feminine singular vocative)
kosatoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
kosataja (definite dual masculine nominative)
kosatěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
kosatěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
kosatuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
kosatuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
kosatuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
kosatyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
kosatyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
kosatyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
kosataja (accusative definite dual masculine)
kosatěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
kosatěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
kosatyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
kosatyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
kosatyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
kosatuju (definite dual locative masculine)
kosatuju (definite dual feminine locative)
kosatuju (definite dual locative neuter)
kosataja (definite dual masculine vocative)
kosatěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
kosatěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
kosatiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
kosatyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
kosataja (definite neuter nominative plural)
kosatъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
kosatъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
kosatъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
kosatyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
kosatyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
kosatyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
kosatyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
kosatyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
kosataja (accusative definite neuter plural)
kosatyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
kosatyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
kosatyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
kosatyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
kosatyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
kosatyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
kosatiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
kosatyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
kosataja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *kosatъ (hard)

Definite declension of *kosatъ (hard)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: каса́ты (kasáty)

Russian: коса́тый (kosátyj)

Ukrainian: коса́тий (kosátyj)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: коса́т (kosát) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ко̀сат

Latin script: kòsat

West Slavic:

Czech: kosatý (“bony”)

Sorbian:

desc

Upper Sorbian: kosaty (“with sharp fins, bony”)

Lower Sorbian: kósaty (“with sharp fins, bony”)

Formed as *kosa (“hair/scythe”) + *-atъ.


kosatъ

kosàtъ (canonical masculine)
kosatъ (nominative singular)
kosata (dual nominative)
kosati (nominative plural)
kosata (genitive singular)
kosatu (dual genitive)
kosatъ (genitive plural)
kosatu (dative singular)
kosatoma (dative dual)
kosatomъ (dative plural)
kosatъ (accusative singular)
kosata (accusative dual)
kosaty (accusative plural)
kosatъmь (instrumental singular)
kosatomь (instrumental singular)
kosatoma (dual instrumental)
kosaty (instrumental plural)
kosatě (locative singular)
kosatu (dual locative)
kosatěxъ (locative plural)
kosate (singular vocative)
kosata (dual vocative)
kosati (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: косат (“cyprinid fish”)

Fossilized deadjectival noun from Proto-Slavic *kosa (“scythe”).

→ (by extension) cyprinid fish

dorsal fin (of fish, sharks, or catacea)


kǫdělь

kǫdě̀lь (canonical feminine)
kǫdělь (nominative singular)
kǫděli (dual nominative)
kǫděli (nominative plural)
kǫděli (genitive singular)
kǫdělьju (dual genitive)
kǫdělьjь (genitive plural)
kǫděli (dative singular)
kǫdělьma (dative dual)
kǫdělьmъ (dative plural)
kǫdělь (accusative singular)
kǫděli (accusative dual)
kǫděli (accusative plural)
kǫdělьjǫ (instrumental singular)
kǫdělьma (dual instrumental)
kǫdělьmi (instrumental plural)
kǫděli (locative singular)
kǫdělьju (dual locative)
kǫdělьxъ (locative plural)
kǫděli (singular vocative)
kǫděli (dual vocative)
kǫděli (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кѫдѣль (kǫdělĭ)

Russian: куде́ль (kudélʹ)

Ukrainian: куде́ль (kudélʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: кѫдѣль (kǫdělĭ)

West Slavic:

Czech: koudel

Polish: kądziel

Slovak: kúdeľ

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kudźel

Lower Sorbian: kuźеľ

East Slavic:

Belarusian: кудзе́ля (kudzjélja)

Russian: куде́ля (kudélja)

Ukrainian: куде́ля (kudélja)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: къде́ля (kǎdélja); кънде́ля (kǎndélja), куде́ля (kudélja) (dialectal)

Macedonian: кадела (kadela)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ку̀деља

Latin script: kùdjelja

Slovene: kodẹ̑lja

West Slavic:

Polabian: kǫdéľа

Slovak: kúdeľa (dialectal)

Non-Slavic descendants (via East Slavic):

Baltic:

→ Latvian: kuodel̨š (“tuft”)

→ Lithuanian: kuodẽlis (“lap, tuft”)

Finnic:

→ Finnish: kuontalo (“hair (on the head)”)

→ Estonian: kооnаl

→ Eastern Mari: кӱнчыла (künčyla)

→ Chuvash: кӗнчеле (kĕnč̬ele)

Perhaps from *kǫd- + *-ělь, whence also Proto-Slavic *kǫdrь (“curl”), possibly dial. Bulgarian ко́нда (kónda, “cord, tow”). Per Snoj, probably further from Proto-Indo-European *ken(h₁)- (“to pluck, to wrench”) + dental extension. Oštir alternatively makes connection to the root of Proto-Slavic *konopľa (“hemp, cannabis”) (also favoured by Sławski), probably based on the secondary meaning of some descendants (e.g. dial. Russian кудель (kudelʹ, “flax”), Serbo-Croatian кудеља (“hemp”)) which more broadly refer to raw materials used for yarn production.
Inversely, Trubačev analyzes the lemma as prefixed *kǫ- + *delь (“strand, thread”) (the later attested as Russian дель (delʹ)). Regarded with reservation by Snoj.

cog

spun thread, sliver (fibres prepared for spinning)


tyky

tyky (nominative singular)
tykъvi (dual nominative)
tykъvi (nominative plural)
tykъve (genitive singular)
tykъvu (dual genitive)
tykъvъ (genitive plural)
tykъvi (dative singular)
tykъvьma (dative dual)
tykъvama (dative dual)
tykъvьmъ (dative plural)
tykъvamъ (dative plural)
tykъvь (accusative singular)
tykъvi (accusative dual)
tykъvi (accusative plural)
tykъvьjǫ (instrumental singular)
tykъvľǫ (instrumental singular)
tykъvьma (dual instrumental)
tykъvama (dual instrumental)
tykъvьmi (instrumental plural)
tykъvami (instrumental plural)
tykъve (locative singular)
tykъvu (dual locative)
tykъvьxъ (locative plural)
tykъvaxъ (locative plural)
tyky (singular vocative)
tykъvi (dual vocative)
tykъvi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: тꙑкꙑ (tyky)
Old Ruthenian: ты́ква (týkva), ти́ква (tíkva)
Ukrainian: ти́ква (týkva)
Russian: ты́ква (týkva) (see there for further descendants)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⱅⱏⰺⰽⱏⰺ (tyky)

Old Cyrillic script: тꙑкꙑ (tyky)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ти̏ква

Latin script: tȉkva

Slovene: tȋkva (tonal orthography)

→ Hungarian: tök

→ Romanian: tigvă

West Slavic:

Czech: tykev

Polish: tykwa

⇒ Slovak: tekvica

A Wanderwort.
* Either related to the word for cucurbits Arabic قِثَّاء (qiṯṯāʔ, “Cucumis”), Old Armenian սեխ (sex, “muskmelon”), Ancient Greek σικύα (sikúa, “bottle gourd”), Ancient Greek σίκυος (síkuos), σικυός (sikuós), σίκυς (síkus, “cucumber”), Latin cucumis (“cucumber”),
* Or to the word for figs Old Armenian թուզ (tʻuz, “fig”), Boeotian Greek τῦκον (tûkon, “fig”), Attic Greek σῦκον (sûkon, “fig”), Latin fīcus (“fig”).


pastь

pȃstь (canonical feminine)
pastь (nominative singular)
pasti (dual nominative)
pasti (nominative plural)
pasti (genitive singular)
pastьju (dual genitive)
pastьjь (genitive plural)
pasti (dative singular)
pastьma (dative dual)
pastьmъ (dative plural)
pastь (accusative singular)
pasti (accusative dual)
pasti (accusative plural)
pastьjǫ (instrumental singular)
pastьma (dual instrumental)
pastьmi (instrumental plural)
pasti (locative singular)
pastьju (dual locative)
pastьxъ (locative plural)
pasti (singular vocative)
pasti (dual vocative)
pasti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: пасть (pastʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: пасть (pastĭ)

Bulgarian: паст (past) (dated)

Slovene: pȃst (“trap”)

West Slavic:

Czech: past (“trap”)

desc

Polish: przepaść (“abyss, chasm”), Polish: paszcza (“maw, mouth of an animal”)

Slovak: pasca (“trap”), Slovak: priepasť (“abyss”)

Originally, an action noun of *pasti (“to fall, to collapse”) + *-tь. In Church Slavonic texts, the form пастъ m (pastŭ) is also encountered, however, it is obscure.


-očь

-òčь (canonical masculine)
-očь (nominative singular)
-oča (dual nominative)
-oči (nominative plural)
-oča (genitive singular)
-oču (dual genitive)
-očь (genitive plural)
-oču (dative singular)
-očema (dative dual)
-očemъ (dative plural)
-očь (accusative singular)
-oča (accusative dual)
-očę̇ (accusative plural)
-očьmь (instrumental singular)
-očemь (instrumental singular)
-očema (dual instrumental)
-oči (instrumental plural)
-oči (locative singular)
-oču (dual locative)
-očixъ (locative plural)
-oču (singular vocative)
-oča (dual vocative)
-oči (plural vocative)

Obsolete nominal suffix, derived from *-okъ + *-jь, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-kyós. Equivalent to *-čь, appended to o-stems. Encountered mainly in South Slavic.
Survives as an adverb in *per + *-očь > Old Church Slavonic прочь (pročĭ, “forth”), проче (proče, “therefore”).

cog

gňilъ (“rotten”) → *gňilоčь (“rot”)

morzъ (“frost”) → *morzočь (“iciness”)

From nouns or participles, forms state nouns with expressive, pungent connotation

bľьvati (“to spit”) → *bľьvоčь (“vomit”)

brъkati (“to stir”) → *brъkоčь (“mess”)

From verbs in *-ati, forms expressive state nouns


petьľa

pètьľa (canonical)
petьľà (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
pètьľa (nominative singular)
pètьľi (dual nominative)
pètьľę̇ (nominative plural)
pètьľę̇ (genitive singular)
pètьľu (dual genitive)
pètьľь (genitive plural)
pètьľī (dative singular)
pètьľama (dative dual)
pètьľāmъ (dative plural)
pètьľǫ (accusative singular)
pètьľi (accusative dual)
pètьľę̇ (accusative plural)
pètьľējǫ (instrumental singular)
pètьľǭ (instrumental singular)
pètьľama (dual instrumental)
pètьľāmī (instrumental plural)
pètьľī (locative singular)
pètьľu (dual locative)
pètьľāsъ (locative plural)
pètьľe (singular vocative)
pètьľi (dual vocative)
pètьľę̇ (plural vocative)
c (accent-paradigm)
petьľà (nominative singular)
pȅtьľi (dual nominative)
pȅtьľę̇ (nominative plural)
petьľę̇́ (genitive singular)
petьľù (dual genitive)
petь̀ľь (genitive plural)
petьľì (dative singular)
petьľàma (dative dual)
petьľàmъ (dative plural)
pȅtьľǫ (accusative singular)
pȅtьľi (accusative dual)
pȅtьľę̇ (accusative plural)
petьľejǫ́ (instrumental singular)
petьľàma (dual instrumental)
petьľàmi (instrumental plural)
pȅtьľī (locative singular)
petьľù (dual locative)
petьľàsъ (locative plural)
petьľàxъ (locative plural)
petьľe (singular vocative)
pȅtьľi (dual vocative)
pȅtьľę̇ (plural vocative)

Equivalent to *petьlъ (“knot”) + *-ja, with slight semantic difference. The masculine noun usually refers to the object knot, while the *-ja form refers to the product of *petьľati (“to knot, to loop”).


pětьlъ

pětь̀lъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
pětь̀lъ (nominative singular)
pětьlà (dual nominative)
pětьlì (nominative plural)
pětьlà (genitive singular)
pětьlù (dual genitive)
pětь̀lъ (genitive plural)
pětьlù (dative singular)
pětьlòma (dative dual)
pětьlòmъ (dative plural)
pětь̀lъ (accusative singular)
pětьlà (accusative dual)
pětьlỳ (accusative plural)
pětьlъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
pětьlòmь (instrumental singular)
pětьlòma (dual instrumental)
pětь̀ly (instrumental plural)
pětьlě̀ (locative singular)
pětьlù (dual locative)
pětь̀lěxъ (locative plural)
pětьle (singular vocative)
pětьlà (dual vocative)
pětьlì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: пе́вень (pjévjenʹ)

Russian: пе́тел (pétel) (obsolete), пету́х (petúx)

Ukrainian: пі́вень (pívenʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: пѣтьлъ (pětĭlŭ)

Bulgarian: пете́л (petél)

Macedonian: петел (petel)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пије́тао, пе́тао

Latin script: pijétao, pétao

Slovene: petélin

Formed as *pěti (“to sing”) + *-ьlъ, with preserved -t- from the infinitive. Of onomatopoeic nature, just like Proto-Slavic *kokotъ (from ko-ko!) and Proto-Slavic *kurъ (from ku-ku!). In parallel to this form, some daughter languages employ the duals *pěvьnь (in Ukrainian/Belarusian), *pětuxъ (in Russian), *pětelìnъ (in Slovene).


petьlъ

petь̀lъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
petь̀lъ (nominative singular)
petьlà (dual nominative)
petьlì (nominative plural)
petьlà (genitive singular)
petьlù (dual genitive)
petь̀lъ (genitive plural)
petьlù (dative singular)
petьlòma (dative dual)
petьlòmъ (dative plural)
petь̀lъ (accusative singular)
petьlà (accusative dual)
petьlỳ (accusative plural)
petьlъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
petьlòmь (instrumental singular)
petьlòma (dual instrumental)
petь̀ly (instrumental plural)
petьlě̀ (locative singular)
petьlù (dual locative)
petь̀lěxъ (locative plural)
petьle (singular vocative)
petьlà (dual vocative)
petьlì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: петель (petelĭ)

Belarusian: петля́ (pjetljá)

desc

Russian: пе́тля (pétlja), петля́ (petljá)

Ukrainian: петля́ (petljá)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: пете́л (petél, “ornament on ritual bread”) (dated), пе́тля (pétlja, “bun”)

⇒ Romanian: peteică (“button”)

Macedonian: петел (petel, “picklock”) (dated)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пе̏тља

Latin script: pȅtlja

Slovene: péntlja, dial. pétlja

West Slavic:

q

under the influence of <i class="Latn mention" lang="pl">pęto</i>

Polish: pętla (under the influence of pęto)

⇒ Old Czech: petlicě (diminutive)

Czech: petlice

Probably from Proto-Germanic *fattilaz (“fettle”) via i-umlaut on the root vowel. Less likely, continuing Proto-Indo-European *pet- (“to replicate, to span”) + *-ьlъ. Most descendants reflect the extension *petьľa, equivalent to *petьlъ + *-ja.
Polish and Slovene forms have been reanalyzed as *pętъľa (or *pǫtъľa) as if from *pęto (“fetter”) + *-ъlъ + *-ja.


kubъ

Slavic (North)
kubъ (nominative singular)
kuba (dual nominative)
kubi (nominative plural)
kuba (genitive singular)
kubu (dual genitive)
kubъ (genitive plural)
kubu (dative singular)
kuboma (dative dual)
kubomъ (dative plural)
kubъ (accusative singular)
kuba (accusative dual)
kuby (accusative plural)
kubъmь (instrumental singular)
kubomь (instrumental singular)
kuboma (dual instrumental)
kuby (instrumental plural)
kubě (locative singular)
kubu (dual locative)
kuběxъ (locative plural)
kube (singular vocative)
kuba (dual vocative)
kubi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: кубъ (kubŭ), кубъкъ (kubŭkŭ) (attested around 13-14 cent.)

Russian: куб (kub) (dated), ку́бок (kúbok)

Ukrainian: куб (kub, “wooden dish”), ку́бок (kúbok)

West Slavic:

(possibly) ⇒ Czech: kuba (“type of dish”) (dialectal)

⇒ Polish: kubek (“bowl, cup”) (diminutive)

Lower Sorbian: kub (“bowl, cup”)

Attested mainly in Northern Slavic, except perhaps for dial. Macedonian куб (kub, “small shape, vessel”), Bulgarian кубица (kubica, “type of gadget or toy”). No certain relatives outside of Slavic:
* Per Vasmer: Possibly related to Sanskrit कुम्भ (kumbha, “pot”), Avestan 𐬑𐬎𐬨𐬠𐬀 (xumba, “pot”) or Ancient Greek κύμβος (kúmbos, “vessel”), implying a nasal reflex (as if from *kǫbъ).
* Per Trubačev: Without nasalization, as evident by Polish kubek, Lower Sorbian kub. Possibly akin to Lithuanian kaũbras (“mound”), Phrygian Κύβελον (Kúbelon, “mountain in West Anatolia”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *kewbʰ- (“to arch, to bow”).

der

type of small container: mug, beaker, goblet


lьstь

lь̏stь (canonical feminine)
c (accent-paradigm)
lь̏stь (nominative singular)
lь̏sti (dual nominative)
lь̏sti (nominative plural)
lьstí (genitive singular)
lьstьjù (dual genitive)
lьsťu (dual genitive)
lьstь̀jь (genitive plural)
lь̏sti (dative singular)
lьstьmà (dative dual)
lь̏stьmъ (dative plural)
lь̏stь (accusative singular)
lь̏sti (accusative dual)
lь̏sti (accusative plural)
lьstьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
lьstьmà (dual instrumental)
lьstьmì (instrumental plural)
lьstí (locative singular)
lьstьjù (dual locative)
lьsťu (dual locative)
lь̏stьxъ (locative plural)
lьsti (singular vocative)
lь̏sti (dual vocative)
lь̏sti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: льсть (lĭstĭ)

Belarusian: лесць (ljescʹ)

Russian: лесть (lestʹ)

Ukrainian: лесть (lestʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: льсть (lĭstĭ)

desc

Bulgarian: лъст (lǎst), прелест (prelest, “splendor”)

⇒ Macedonian: прелест (prelest, “splendor”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ла̑ст

Latin script: lȃst

Slovene: lǝ̀st (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: lest

Czech: lest

Old Polish: leść

Slovak: lesť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: lasć

Upper Sorbian: lesć

According to Derksen, ‘probably’ a borrowing from Gothic 𐌻𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 (lists), from Proto-Germanic *listiz. Pronk-Tiethoff points out that while morphologically a West-Germanic origin cannot be fully ruled out, the semantics in Slavic better match those of the Gothic word than those of the Old High German and Old Saxon reflexes of Germanic *listiz.


sьrstь

sь̑rstь (canonical feminine)
c (accent-paradigm)
sь̑rstь (nominative singular)
sь̑rsti (dual nominative)
sь̑rsti (nominative plural)
sьrstí (genitive singular)
sьrstьjù (dual genitive)
sьrsťu (dual genitive)
sьrstь̀jь (genitive plural)
sь̑rsti (dative singular)
sьrstьmà (dative dual)
sь̑rstьmъ (dative plural)
sь̑rstь (accusative singular)
sь̑rsti (accusative dual)
sь̑rsti (accusative plural)
sьrstьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
sьrstьmà (dual instrumental)
sьrstьmì (instrumental plural)
sьrstí (locative singular)
sьrstьjù (dual locative)
sьrsťu (dual locative)
sь̑rstьxъ (locative plural)
sьrsti (singular vocative)
sь̑rsti (dual vocative)
sь̑rsti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сьрсть (sĭrstĭ), шьрсть (šĭrstĭ)

Belarusian: шэрсць (šerscʹ)

Russian: шерсть (šerstʹ), ше́ресть (šérestʹ)

Ukrainian: шерсть (šerstʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: сръсть (srŭstĭ) (Serbian rendition)

Slovene: sȓst (tonal orthography) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Czech: srst

Polish: sierść, szerść

Slovak: srsť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: syršć

Upper Sorbian: seršć

From *sьrxъ (“rustle, rough surface”) + *-tь, continuing *ḱers- ("to pop out"), probably an s-extension of Proto-Indo-European *ḱer- (“to grow, to plait”). Almost cognate with (dated) Lithuanian šértis (“moulting, changing of fur”) and akin to Lithuanian šerys (“bristle”), Proto-Germanic *hērą (“hair”). Further related to Old Armenian սար (sar, “hilltop, mountain”), Middle Persian 𐭫𐭥𐭩𐭱𐭤 (sar, “head; top, summit”) and Proto-Germanic *hurną (“horn”), Ancient Greek κέρας (kéras, “horn”), Proto-Slavic *sьrna (“deer”) via h₂-extension.

cog

(“fluffy fur”)

fur, hair, wool (usually rough or stiff)


kučati

kùčati (canonical imperfective)
kučnǫti (perfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
kučanьje (noun-from-verb)
kučati (infinitive)
kučatъ (supine)
kučalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
kučanъ (participle passive past)
kučajemъ (participle passive present)
kučavъ (active participle past)
kučaję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
kučaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kuča (aorist second-person singular)
kuča (aorist singular third-person)
kučajǫ (first-person present singular)
kučaješi (present second-person singular)
kučajetь (present singular third-person)
kučaxově (aorist dual first-person)
kučasta (aorist dual second-person)
kučaste (aorist dual third-person)
kučajevě (dual first-person present)
kučajeta (dual present second-person)
kučajete (dual present third-person)
kučaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kučaste (aorist plural second-person)
kučašę (aorist plural third-person)
kučajemъ (first-person plural present)
kučajete (plural present second-person)
kučajǫtь (plural present third-person)
kučaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kučaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kučaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kučaji (imperative second-person singular)
kučaji (imperative singular third-person)
kučaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kučaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kučaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kučajivě (dual first-person imperative)
kučajita (dual imperative second-person)
kučaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kučaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kučaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kučajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kučajite (imperative plural second-person)

Fientive verb of *kuka (“hook”) + *-jati, semantically identical to Proto-Slavic *kukati (“to squat”) with the only difference being that the *-ati doublet is perfective.


kusъ

kusъ (nominative singular)
kusa (dual nominative)
kusi (nominative plural)
kusa (genitive singular)
kusu (dual genitive)
kusъ (genitive plural)
kusu (dative singular)
kusoma (dative dual)
kusomъ (dative plural)
kusъ (accusative singular)
kusa (accusative dual)
kusy (accusative plural)
kusъmь (instrumental singular)
kusomь (instrumental singular)
kusoma (dual instrumental)
kusy (instrumental plural)
kusě (locative singular)
kusu (dual locative)
kusěxъ (locative plural)
kuse (singular vocative)
kusa (dual vocative)
kusi (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

desc

⇒ Old Church Slavonic: искоусъ (iskusŭ), въкоусъ (vŭkusŭ)

→ Russian: вкус (vkus)

⇒ Bulgarian: вкус (vkus)

⇒ Macedonian: вкус (vkus)

⇒ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: у̀кус

Latin script: ùkus

⇒ Slovene: okȗs

Action/result noun of *kusati, *kusiti (“to probe, to taste”) + *-ъ, of Germanic origin. In Slavic languages where *ǫ > *u, the Germanic root has merged with forms of native Proto-Slavic *kǫsъ (“piece, bite”).


čukati

čuknǫti (perfective)
čukanьje (noun-from-verb)
čukati (infinitive)
čukatъ (supine)
čukalъ (l-participle)
čukanъ (participle passive past)
čukajemъ (participle passive present)
čukavъ (active participle past)
čukaję (active participle present)
čukaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
čuka (aorist second-person singular)
čuka (aorist singular third-person)
čukajǫ (first-person present singular)
čukaješi (present second-person singular)
čukajetь (present singular third-person)
čukaxově (aorist dual first-person)
čukasta (aorist dual second-person)
čukaste (aorist dual third-person)
čukajevě (dual first-person present)
čukajeta (dual present second-person)
čukajete (dual present third-person)
čukaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
čukaste (aorist plural second-person)
čukašę (aorist plural third-person)
čukajemъ (first-person plural present)
čukajete (plural present second-person)
čukajǫtь (plural present third-person)
čukaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
čukaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
čukaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
čukaji (imperative second-person singular)
čukaji (imperative singular third-person)
čukaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
čukaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
čukaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
čukajivě (dual first-person imperative)
čukajita (dual imperative second-person)
čukaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
čukaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
čukaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
čukajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
čukajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: чу́кать (čúkatʹ) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: чу́кати (čúkaty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: чу́кам (čúkam)

Macedonian: чука (čuka)

Slovene: čúkati

Morphologically from *čukъ (“bang, clang; hammer, knocker”) + *-ati. Proposed further origin:
* Vasmer, Snoj: Onomatopoeic related to Lithuanian kaũkti (“to howl”), Latvian kàukt (“to yell, to howl”), possibly Sanskrit कौति (káuti, “to cry, to lament”), Ancient Greek κωκῡ́ω (kōkū́ō, “to shriek”). Ultimately may reflect Proto-Indo-European *(s)kew- (“to growl, to wail”). Compare also Proto-Slavic *čavьka (“jackdaw”), Proto-Slavic *skovykъ ⇒ Slovene: skovȋk (“pygmy owl”), Proto-Slavic *čuxalъ ⇒ Bulgarian: чу́хал (čúhal, “scops owl”).
* Possibly an expressive k-extension of *kuti (“to hew”) + *-kati, in particular for the secondary sense “to hammer, to hew”.

desc

→ to caw, to cackle (in Slovene, East Slavic)

→ to hammer, to strike, to hew (in Eastern South Slavic)

čučedlo

*čučati (“to hang/sit on a high place (e.g. tree, pylon)”)


kyčiti

kyčenьje (noun-from-verb)
kyčiti (infinitive)
kyčitъ (supine)
kyčilъ (l-participle)
kyčenъ (participle passive past)
kyčimъ (participle passive present)
kyčь (active participle past)
kyčę (active participle present)
kyčixъ (aorist first-person singular)
kyči (aorist second-person singular)
kyči (aorist singular third-person)
kyčǫ (first-person present singular)
kyčiši (present second-person singular)
kyčitь (present singular third-person)
kyčixově (aorist dual first-person)
kyčista (aorist dual second-person)
kyčiste (aorist dual third-person)
kyčivě (dual first-person present)
kyčita (dual present second-person)
kyčite (dual present third-person)
kyčixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kyčiste (aorist plural second-person)
kyčišę (aorist plural third-person)
kyčimъ (first-person plural present)
kyčite (plural present second-person)
kyčętь (plural present third-person)
kyčaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kyčaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kyčaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kyči (imperative second-person singular)
kyči (imperative singular third-person)
kyčaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kyčaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kyčaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kyčivě (dual first-person imperative)
kyčita (dual imperative second-person)
kyčaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kyčaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kyčaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kyčimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kyčite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кꙑчити (kyčiti)

Russian: кичи́ться (kičítʹsja, “to brag”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: кꙑчити (kyčiti)

Bulgarian: кича (kiča) (3p. sg. кичи (kiči))

Macedonian: кичи (kiči)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ки́чити (“to brag”)

Latin script: kíčiti (“to brag”)

→ Slovene: nakȋčiti, čȋčkati

Most likely, a causative verb of *kyka (“pigtail, decoration”) + *-iti. Some of the meanings may have been influenced by the onomatopoeic Proto-Slavic *kykotěti (“to giggle”), Proto-Slavic *kykati (“to crow”). Georgiev makes connection with forms of the semantic kernel Proto-Slavic *kyt- as if from an earlier *kytъčiti. Ultimately both the t- and the k-forms are probably extensions of Proto-Slavic *kuti (“to hew, to forge”) / Proto-Slavic *kujati (“to cow, to crook”), so semantic overlapping is to be expected.

cog

kyča

*kyčati (“to hang, to decorate”) (emphatic)


kytiti

kỳtiti (canonical imperfective)
kyťenьje (noun-from-verb)
kytiti (infinitive)
kytitъ (supine)
kytilъ (l-participle)
kyťenъ (participle passive past)
kytimъ (participle passive present)
kyťь (active participle past)
kytę (active participle present)
kytixъ (aorist first-person singular)
kyti (aorist second-person singular)
kyti (aorist singular third-person)
kyťǫ (first-person present singular)
kytiši (present second-person singular)
kytitь (present singular third-person)
kytixově (aorist dual first-person)
kytista (aorist dual second-person)
kytiste (aorist dual third-person)
kytivě (dual first-person present)
kytita (dual present second-person)
kytite (dual present third-person)
kytixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kytiste (aorist plural second-person)
kytišę (aorist plural third-person)
kytimъ (first-person plural present)
kytite (plural present second-person)
kytętь (plural present third-person)
kyťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kyťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kyťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kyti (imperative second-person singular)
kyti (imperative singular third-person)
kyťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kyťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kyťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kytivě (dual first-person imperative)
kytita (dual imperative second-person)
kyťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kyťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kyťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kytimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kytite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: кити́ти (kytýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: *кꙑтити (*kytiti)

⇒ Romanian: chiti (“to decorate”)

Bulgarian: ки́тя (kítja)

Macedonian: кити (kiti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ки̏тити

Latin script: kȉtiti

Slovene: kítiti

→ to form a bouquet

→ to decorate, to adorn


prokuda

prokùda (canonical feminine)
prokuda (nominative singular)
prokudě (dual nominative)
prokudy (nominative plural)
prokudy (genitive singular)
prokudu (dual genitive)
prokudъ (genitive plural)
prokudě (dative singular)
prokudama (dative dual)
prokudamъ (dative plural)
prokudǫ (accusative singular)
prokudě (accusative dual)
prokudy (accusative plural)
prokudojǫ (instrumental singular)
prokudǫ (instrumental singular)
prokudama (dual instrumental)
prokudami (instrumental plural)
prokudě (locative singular)
prokudu (dual locative)
prokudasъ (locative plural)
prokudaxъ (locative plural)
prokudo (singular vocative)
prokudě (dual vocative)
prokudy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: проку́да (prokúda, “rogue”) (colloquial)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: прокꙋда (prokuda)

Bulgarian: проку́да (prokúda)

desc

Macedonian: прокуда (prokuda, “bad habit”)


kucъ

kȗcъ (canonical)
kucъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
kuca (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
kuco (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
kuca (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
kucy (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
kuca (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
kucu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
kucě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
kucu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
kucъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
kucǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
kuco (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
kucomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
kucojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
kucomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
kucě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
kucě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
kucě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
kuče (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
kuco (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
kuco (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
kuca (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
kucě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
kucě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
kucu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
kucu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
kucu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
kucoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
kucama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
kucoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
kuca (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
kucě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
kucě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
kucoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
kucama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
kucoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
kucu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
kucu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
kucu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
kuca (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
kucě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
kucě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
kuci (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
kucy (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
kuca (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
kucъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
kucъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
kucъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
kucomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
kucamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
kucomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
kucy (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
kucy (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
kuca (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
kucy (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
kucami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
kucy (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
kucěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
kucaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
kucěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
kuci (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
kucy (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
kuca (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
kucъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
kucaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
kucoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
kucajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
kucyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
kucajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
kucujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
kucěji (dative definite feminine singular)
kucujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
kucъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
kucǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
kucoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
kucyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
kucǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
kucyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
kucějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
kucěji (definite feminine locative singular)
kucějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
kucъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
kucaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
kucoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
kucaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
kucěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
kucěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
kucuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
kucuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
kucuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
kucyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
kucyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
kucyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
kucaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
kucěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
kucěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
kucyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
kucyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
kucyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
kucuju (definite dual locative masculine)
kucuju (definite dual feminine locative)
kucuju (definite dual locative neuter)
kucaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
kucěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
kucěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
kuciji (definite masculine nominative plural)
kucyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
kucaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
kucъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
kucъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
kucъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
kucyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
kucyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
kucyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
kucyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
kucyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
kucaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
kucyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
kucyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
kucyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
kucyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
kucyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
kucyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
kuciji (definite masculine plural vocative)
kucyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
kucaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *kucъ (hard)

Definite declension of *kucъ (hard)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ку́цы (kúcy)

Russian: ку́цый (kúcyj)

Ukrainian: ку́ций (kúcyj)

South Slavic:

Middle Bulgarian: коуцъ (kucŭ)

Bulgarian: куц (kuc, “crippled”); Ку́ция (Kúcija, “epithet for the Devil”)

⇒ Greek: κουτσός (koutsós) (probably)

Macedonian: куц (kuc)

West Slavic:

Polish: kuc

Of expressive origin (given that *-c- did not trigger softening of the ending), commonly compared with Proto-Slavic *kǫsъ (“short, chopped”) (per Georgiev, Vasmer) and Proto-Slavic *kukati (“to cuckoo”) (per Trubachev). Vasmer distinguishes the meaning lame, crippled (in South Slavic) from tailless (in East, West Slavic), however, Georgiev connects them.


kyta

kỳta (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
kyta (nominative singular)
kỳtě (dual nominative)
kỳty (nominative plural)
kỳty (genitive singular)
kỳtu (dual genitive)
kỳtъ (genitive plural)
kỳtě (dative singular)
kỳtama (dative dual)
kỳtamъ (dative plural)
kỳtǫ (accusative singular)
kỳtě (accusative dual)
kỳty (accusative plural)
kỳtojǫ (instrumental singular)
kỳtǭ (instrumental singular)
kỳtama (dual instrumental)
kỳtamī (instrumental plural)
kỳtě (locative singular)
kỳtu (dual locative)
kỳtasъ (locative plural)
kỳtaxъ (locative plural)
kỳto (singular vocative)
kỳtě (dual vocative)
kỳty (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: кі́та (kíta) (obsolete, dialectal)

Russian: ки́та (kíta) (archaic)

Ukrainian: ки́та (kýta)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: кꙑтa (kyta)

desc

Bulgarian: ки́та (kíta, “bouquet, decoration”)

Macedonian: кита (kita)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ки̏та

Latin script: kȉta

Slovene: kíta (“hair, wool”)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kýta, kyta

Czech: kýta

Moravian (Mistřice): kita

Polish: kita

Slovak: kyta (“tail”)

Disputed:
* Snoj (SES), Trubačev (ESSJa) interpret it as a resultant noun of *kyti (“to forge”) + *-ta, probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂- (“to hew, to strike”) or *keh₁w- (“to swing”).
* Bernecker, Vasmer, Sławski presume origin from pre-Slavic *kypta < Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewp- (“to pluck”), related to Proto-Slavic *čupъ (“crest”), *kupъ (“heap”).
* Urbutis relates it to Lithuanian kū̃tė (“hideout, shelter”), kutỹs (“purse”), Latvian kūts (“hut”), from proposed Proto-Balto-Slavic *kuntāˀ, *kuntis. Further origin either from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover, to wrap”) (cf. Ancient Greek σκῦτος (skûtos, “skin”)) or from the root for forging as above.

der

→ tuft, plait (of hair)

→ branch (with smaller twigs and leaves on)

→ (West Slavic) tail


čupъ

čűpъ (canonical masculine)
čupъ (nominative singular)
čupa (dual nominative)
čupi (nominative plural)
čupa (genitive singular)
čupu (dual genitive)
čupъ (genitive plural)
čupu (dative singular)
čupoma (dative dual)
čupomъ (dative plural)
čupъ (accusative singular)
čupa (accusative dual)
čupy (accusative plural)
čupъmь (instrumental singular)
čupomь (instrumental singular)
čupoma (dual instrumental)
čupy (instrumental plural)
čupě (locative singular)
čupu (dual locative)
čupěxъ (locative plural)
čupe (singular vocative)
čupa (dual vocative)
čupi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: чуп (čup) (colloquial)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: чуп! (čup!, “approx. Get out of here!”), чупка (čupka, “kink, crook; firg. bun of hair”) (diminutive)

Macedonian: чупа f (čupa, “crest”) (dialectal), чупе (čupe, “bonnie girl”) (diminutive)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: чу̏п

Latin script: čȕp

Slovene: čȗp (“strand of hair, tuft”) (colloquial), čȍp, čōpka (diminutive)

West Slavic:

Polish: czup (colloquial)

Per Snoj, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewp-, akin to Proto-Germanic *skuftą (“bundle, hair”). At least partially of onomatopoeic origin, equivalent to e-grade of *kujati (“to caw, to crook”) + *-pъ. Similar to Proto-Slavic *čukъ (“knock”).
Probably, further related to Proto-Slavic *čubъ (“crest, forelock”) and Proto-Slavic *skuti (“to pluck (hair, weeds)”), the later akin to Lithuanian skùbti (“to hurry”), Proto-Germanic *skeubaną (“to shove”).

cog

→ (by extension) crest (of birds), strand (of hair)

(partially)


čukъ

čȗkъ (canonical masculine)
čukъ (nominative singular)
čuka (dual nominative)
čuci (nominative plural)
čuka (genitive singular)
čuku (dual genitive)
čukъ (genitive plural)
čuku (dative singular)
čukoma (dative dual)
čukomъ (dative plural)
čukъ (accusative singular)
čuka (accusative dual)
čuky (accusative plural)
čukъmь (instrumental singular)
čukomь (instrumental singular)
čukoma (dual instrumental)
čuky (instrumental plural)
čucě (locative singular)
čuku (dual locative)
čucěxъ (locative plural)
čuče (singular vocative)
čuka (dual vocative)
čuci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: чук (čuk, “part of forelock”) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: чук (čuk, “rumble”)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: чу́к (čúk, “hammer; knock”)

Macedonian: чук (čuk, “knock”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: чу̏к (dialectal), ћу̑к (“pigmy owl”)

Latin script: čȕk (dialectal), ćȗk (“pigmy owl”)

Slovene: čūk (“pigmy owl”)

Possibly polygenetic. Proposed origins:
* For onomatopoiec meaning: From an expressive *čuti, *čьvati (“to bark, to wail”) + *-kъ, parallel to Proto-Slavic *čuxъ (“growl, sniffle”). Per Snoj, probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kew- (“to wail, to shout”), akin to Lithuanian kaũkti (“to howl”), Latvian kàukt (“to yell, to howl”).
* For tool meaning: From Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂- (“to hew”), related to Proto-Slavic *kyjь (“hammer”).

der

→ pigmy owl (in Western South Slavic)


skutъ

skũtъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
skũtъ (nominative singular)
skūtà (dual nominative)
skūtì (nominative plural)
skūtà (genitive singular)
skūtù (dual genitive)
skũtъ (genitive plural)
skūtù (dative singular)
skūtòma (dative dual)
skūtòmъ (dative plural)
skũtъ (accusative singular)
skūtà (accusative dual)
skūtỳ (accusative plural)
skūtъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
skūtòmь (instrumental singular)
skūtòma (dual instrumental)
skũty (instrumental plural)
skūtě̀ (locative singular)
skūtù (dual locative)
skũtěxъ (locative plural)
skute (singular vocative)
skūtà (dual vocative)
skūtì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: скꙋтъ (skutŭ, “piece of cloth”)

Russian: ску́ты pl (skúty)

Ukrainian: скут (skut) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: скоутъ (skutŭ) (Serbian recension)

Bulgarian: скут (skut, “lap, skirt”)

Macedonian: скут (skut, “lap”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ску̑т

Latin script: skȗt

Typically viewed as a loanword from Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍄𐍃 (skauts, “fringe”), from Proto-Germanic *skautaz (“corner, wedge”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewd- (“to shoot”). Could alternatively be of Balto-Slavic origin, akin to Lithuanian skiáutis (“piece of fabric”), skùtas (“fragment”).
Compare also Albanian skutë (“apron”), Greek σκουτί (skoutí), Romanian scutec (“nappy”), which could be loanwords from Slavic or could reflect Ancient Greek σκῦτος (skûtos, “skin, hide”) (possibly via Latin scutica). The later is probably cognate with Proto-Slavic *kǫtati (“to conceal”) (with nasal infix).

noncog

edge, hem, train (of a cloth)
ribbon, apron

edge, hem, train (of a cloth)
piece of cloth


skuti

skutì (canonical imperfective)
skubnǫti (perfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
skubenьje (noun-from-verb)
skuti (infinitive)
skutъ (supine)
skublъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
skubenъ (participle passive past)
skubomъ (participle passive present)
skubъ (active participle past)
skuby (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
skubъ (aorist first-person singular)
skuboxъ (aorist first-person singular)
skube (aorist second-person singular)
skube (aorist singular third-person)
skubǫ (first-person present singular)
skubeši (present second-person singular)
skubetь (present singular third-person)
skubově (aorist dual first-person)
skuboxově (aorist dual first-person)
skubeta (aorist dual second-person)
skubosta (aorist dual second-person)
skubete (aorist dual third-person)
skuboste (aorist dual third-person)
skubevě (dual first-person present)
skubeta (dual present second-person)
skubete (dual present third-person)
skubomъ (aorist first-person plural)
skuboxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
skubete (aorist plural second-person)
skuboste (aorist plural second-person)
skubǫ (aorist plural third-person)
skubošę (aorist plural third-person)
skubemъ (first-person plural present)
skubete (plural present second-person)
skubǫtь (plural present third-person)
skuběaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
skuběaše (imperfect second-person singular)
skuběaše (imperfect singular third-person)
skubi (imperative second-person singular)
skubi (imperative singular third-person)
skuběaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
skuběašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
skuběašete (dual imperfect third-person)
skuběvě (dual first-person imperative)
skuběta (dual imperative second-person)
skuběaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
skuběašete (imperfect plural second-person)
skuběaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
skuběmъ (first-person imperative plural)
skuběte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ску́бці (skúbci)

Russian: скусть (skustʹ); (dialectal) скубти́ (skubtí)

Ukrainian: ску́бти (skúbty); (dialectal) ску́бсти́ (skúbstý)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ску́псти

Latin script: skúpsti

Slovene: skúbsti

West Slavic:

Old Czech: skústi

From earlier *skubti < Proto-Balto-Slavic *skaub⁽ˀ⁾téi, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewbʰ-. Related to Lithuanian skùbti (“to hurry”) (n-infix present), Latvian skubinât (“to urge, to push”). Further akin to Proto-Germanic *skeubaną (“to shove”), Persian آشفتن (âšoftan, “to agitate”), Sanskrit क्षुभ्यति (kṣubhyati, “to shake”).


rězati

rě̋zati (canonical imperfective)
rěznǫti (perfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
rězanьje (noun-from-verb)
rězati (infinitive)
rězatъ (supine)
rězalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
rězanъ (participle passive past)
rěžemъ (participle passive present)
rězavъ (active participle past)
rěžę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
rězaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
rěza (aorist second-person singular)
rěza (aorist singular third-person)
rěžǫ (first-person present singular)
rěžeši (present second-person singular)
rěžetь (present singular third-person)
rězaxově (aorist dual first-person)
rězasta (aorist dual second-person)
rězaste (aorist dual third-person)
rěževě (dual first-person present)
rěžeta (dual present second-person)
rěžete (dual present third-person)
rězaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
rězaste (aorist plural second-person)
rězašę (aorist plural third-person)
rěžemъ (first-person plural present)
rěžete (plural present second-person)
rěžǫtь (plural present third-person)
rězaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
rězaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
rězaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
rěži (imperative second-person singular)
rěži (imperative singular third-person)
rězaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
rězaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
rězaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
rěživě (dual first-person imperative)
rěžita (dual imperative second-person)
rězaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
rězaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
rězaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
rěžimъ (first-person imperative plural)
rěžite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: рѣзати (rězati)

Old Belarusian: рѣзати (rězati)

Belarusian: рэ́заць (rézacʹ)

Russian: ре́зать (rézatʹ)

Ukrainian: рі́зати (rízaty)

→ Polish: rezać

Carpathian Rusyn: різáти (rizáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: рѣзати (rězati)

Bulgarian: режа (reža)

Macedonian: реже (reže)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ре̏зати

Latin script: rȅzati, rijezat (Kajkavian)

Slovene: rẹ́zati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: řězati

Czech: řezat

Polabian: rezą (1sg), rezĕ (3sg)

Old Polish: rzezać
Polish: rzezać

Slovak: rezať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: rězać

Lower Sorbian: rězaś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rḗˀźtei, from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₁ǵyeti, from *wreh₁ǵ-. Akin to Lithuanian rė́žti (“to cut”), Latvian riezt (“to sprout”) and further to Ancient Greek ῥήγνῡμι (rhḗgnūmi).


razъ

rȃzъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
rȃzъ (nominative singular)
rȃza (dual nominative)
rȃzi (nominative plural)
rȃza (genitive singular)
razù (dual genitive)
rãzъ (genitive plural)
rȃzu (dative singular)
razomà (dative dual)
razòmъ (dative plural)
rȃzъ (accusative singular)
rȃza (accusative dual)
rȃzy (accusative plural)
rȃzъmь (instrumental singular)
rȃzomь (instrumental singular)
razomà (dual instrumental)
razý (instrumental plural)
rȃzě (locative singular)
razù (dual locative)
razě̃xъ (locative plural)
raze (singular vocative)
rȃza (dual vocative)
rȃzi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: раз (raz)

Russian: раз (raz)

Ukrainian: раз (raz)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: разъ (razŭ, “case”)

Bulgarian: раз (raz)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ра̄з

Latin script: rāz

Slovene: rȃz

West Slavic:

Old Czech: ráz

Czech: ráz

desctree

Old Polish: raz
Polish: raz
Silesian: rŏz

Slovak: raz

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: rôz

Slovincian: roz

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: raz

Lower Sorbian: raz

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rōźas, from Proto-Indo-European *wreh₁ǵ-. Morphologically from *raziti (“to pound, to bounce”) + *-ъ. Cognate with Lithuanian rúоžаs (“dash”), Latvian rоzа (“hill”) and akin to Ancient Greek ῥώξ (rhṓx, “crack”). In many daughter languages, the lemma became fossilized into an adverb with a sense similar to English once.

→ (by extension) unit for measuring time


rězъ

rě̑zъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
rě̑zъ (nominative singular)
rě̑za (dual nominative)
rě̑zi (nominative plural)
rě̑za (genitive singular)
rězù (dual genitive)
rě̃zъ (genitive plural)
rě̑zu (dative singular)
rězomà (dative dual)
rězòmъ (dative plural)
rě̑zъ (accusative singular)
rě̑za (accusative dual)
rě̑zy (accusative plural)
rě̑zъmь (instrumental singular)
rě̑zomь (instrumental singular)
rězomà (dual instrumental)
rězý (instrumental plural)
rě̑zě (locative singular)
rězù (dual locative)
rězě̃xъ (locative plural)
rěze (singular vocative)
rě̑za (dual vocative)
rě̑zi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: рез (rez)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: рѣзъ (rězŭ)

Bulgarian: рез (rez, “blade, edge”), dial. ряз (rjaz)

Macedonian: рез (rez, “edge”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ре̑з

Latin script: rȇz

Slovene: rẹ̑z

West Slavic:

Old Czech: řěz

Czech: řez

Polish: rzaz

Slovak: rez?

From Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *rḗˀźas, from Proto-Indo-European *wreh₁ǵós, from Proto-Indo-European *wreh₁ǵ-. Cognate with Lithuanian rėžas (“cut”).

inh+

→ (by extension) knife, cutting tool


rězьba

rězьba (nominative singular)
rězьbě (dual nominative)
rězьby (nominative plural)
rězьby (genitive singular)
rězьbu (dual genitive)
rězьbъ (genitive plural)
rězьbě (dative singular)
rězьbama (dative dual)
rězьbamъ (dative plural)
rězьbǫ (accusative singular)
rězьbě (accusative dual)
rězьby (accusative plural)
rězьbojǫ (instrumental singular)
rězьbǫ (instrumental singular)
rězьbama (dual instrumental)
rězьbami (instrumental plural)
rězьbě (locative singular)
rězьbu (dual locative)
rězьbasъ (locative plural)
rězьbaxъ (locative plural)
rězьbo (singular vocative)
rězьbě (dual vocative)
rězьby (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: резьба́ (rezʹbá)

Ukrainian: різьба́ (rizʹbá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: рѣзьба (rězĭba)

Bulgarian: резба́ (rezbá)

Macedonian: резба (rezba)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: рѐзба

Latin script: rèzba

West Slavic:

Czech: řezba

Polish: rzeźba

Formed as *rězati (“to cut, to carve”) + *-ьba.


čerti

čьrtьje (noun-from-verb)
čerti (infinitive)
čertъ (supine)
čьrlъ (l-participle)
čьrtъ (participle passive past)
čьromъ (participle passive present)
čьrъ (active participle past)
čьry (active participle present)
čerxъ (aorist first-person singular)
čer (aorist second-person singular)
čer (aorist singular third-person)
čьrǫ (first-person present singular)
čьreši (present second-person singular)
čьretь (present singular third-person)
čerxově (aorist dual first-person)
čersta (aorist dual second-person)
čerste (aorist dual third-person)
čьrevě (dual first-person present)
čьreta (dual present second-person)
čьrete (dual present third-person)
čerxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
čerste (aorist plural second-person)
čeršę (aorist plural third-person)
čьremъ (first-person plural present)
čьrete (plural present second-person)
čьrǫtь (plural present third-person)
čьrěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
čьrěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
čьrěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
čьri (imperative second-person singular)
čьri (imperative singular third-person)
čьrěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
čьrěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
čьrěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
čьrěvě (dual first-person imperative)
čьrěta (dual imperative second-person)
čьrěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
čьrěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
čьrěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
čьrěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
čьrěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

⇒ Belarusian: отчерці (ótčjerci), отчерци (ótčjerci) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: че́рсти (čérsty), черти (čerty) (dialectal); чери́ти (čerýty) (dialectal, via *čeriti)

South Slavic:

⇒ Slovene: čę̑r

West Slavic:

Old Czech: čřieti

Czech: čříti (dated)

⇒ Old Polish: czyrślić, czyrchlić

Slovak: črieť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: čerić (via *čeriti)

Upper Sorbian: ceriś (via *čeriti)

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-. Cognate with Lithuanian skìrti, Latvian šķirt, Old Norse skera.

inh+

to cut, separate
→ to peel the bark off trees


rězьcь

rězьcь (nominative singular)
rězьca (dual nominative)
rězьci (nominative plural)
rězьca (genitive singular)
rězьcu (dual genitive)
rězьcь (genitive plural)
rězьcu (dative singular)
rězьcema (dative dual)
rězьcemъ (dative plural)
rězьcь (accusative singular)
rězьca (accusative dual)
rězьcę̇ (accusative plural)
rězьcьmь (instrumental singular)
rězьcemь (instrumental singular)
rězьcema (dual instrumental)
rězьci (instrumental plural)
rězьci (locative singular)
rězьcu (dual locative)
rězьcixъ (locative plural)
rězьče (singular vocative)
rězьca (dual vocative)
rězьci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: резе́ц (rezéc), реза́к (rezák)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: резе́ц (rezéc)

desc

Macedonian: резец (rezec), резач (rezač)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: резац, ријезац (dated, superseded by рѐза̄ч)

Latin script: rezac, rijezac (dated, superseded by rèzāč)

Slovene: rẹ̑zəc (tonal orthography)

Formed as *rězati (“to cut”) + *-ьcь, from Proto-Indo-European *wreh₁ǵ-.


raziti

razi̋ti (canonical)
ra̋ziti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
raženьje (noun-from-verb)
raziti (infinitive)
razitъ (supine)
razilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
raženъ (participle passive past)
razimъ (participle passive present)
ražь (active participle past)
razę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
razixъ (aorist first-person singular)
razi (aorist second-person singular)
razi (aorist singular third-person)
ražǫ (first-person present singular)
raziši (present second-person singular)
razitь (present singular third-person)
razixově (aorist dual first-person)
razista (aorist dual second-person)
raziste (aorist dual third-person)
razivě (dual first-person present)
razita (dual present second-person)
razite (dual present third-person)
razixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
raziste (aorist plural second-person)
razišę (aorist plural third-person)
razimъ (first-person plural present)
razite (plural present second-person)
razętь (plural present third-person)
ražaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
ražaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
ražaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
razi (imperative second-person singular)
razi (imperative singular third-person)
ražaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
ražaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
ražaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
razivě (dual first-person imperative)
razita (dual imperative second-person)
ražaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
ražaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
ražaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
razimъ (first-person imperative plural)
razite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: разити (raziti)

Belarusian: разі́ць (razícʹ)

Russian: рази́ть (razítʹ)

Ukrainian: рази́ти (razýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: -разити (-raziti)

Bulgarian: -разя́ (-razjá)

Macedonian: -рази (-razi)

⇒ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: порáзити

Latin script: poráziti

Slovene: ráziti

West Slavic:

Czech: razit

Polish: razić

Slovak: raziť

Continues Proto-Indo-European *wroh₁ǵéyeti or formed as *razъ (“stroke, unit of time, mark”) + *-iti, from Proto-Indo-European *wreh₁ǵ-. Often prefixed with various prepositions.

orzraziti

to smash, to spread (for threat, infection)

sъnobraziti

to consider, to respect (an opinion, order)


rězъkъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *rězъkъ (hard)

Definite declension of *rězъkъ (hard)

East Slavic:

Old Ruthenian: рѣзкїй (rězkij)

Belarusian: рэ́зкі (rézki)

Ukrainian: різки́й (rizkýj)

Russian: ре́зкий (rézkij)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ря́зък (rjázǎk)

Macedonian: резок (rezok)

Slovene: rẹ́zek

West Slavic:

Polish: rześki

Formed as *rězati (“to cut”) + *-ъkъ, from Proto-Indo-European *wreh₁ǵ-. Could be also seen as k-extension of the athematic counter-part (u-stem) of *rězvъ (“frisky, quick, energetic”) (wo-stem).


čula

čula (nominative singular)
čulě (dual nominative)
čuly (nominative plural)
čuly (genitive singular)
čulu (dual genitive)
čulъ (genitive plural)
čulě (dative singular)
čulama (dative dual)
čulamъ (dative plural)
čulǫ (accusative singular)
čulě (accusative dual)
čuly (accusative plural)
čulojǫ (instrumental singular)
čulǫ (instrumental singular)
čulama (dual instrumental)
čulami (instrumental plural)
čulě (locative singular)
čulu (dual locative)
čulasъ (locative plural)
čulaxъ (locative plural)
čulo (singular vocative)
čulě (dual vocative)
čuly (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: чу́ла (čúla, “owl”), чуло́ (čuló, “owlet”) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian: (dialectal)

Cyrillic script: чу̏ла (“owl”)

Latin script: čȕla (“owl”)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: čúla (“hog”) (tonal orthography) (dialectal)

⇒ Slovene: čȗlək (tonal orthography)

Probably substantized l-participle of an obsolete onomatopoeic verb *čuti (“to grump”) + *-lъ, attested as Proto-Slavic *čьvati (“to bark, to harass”). Cognate (as per Bezlaj, Karaliūnas) with Lithuanian kiaũlė (“pig”).
Alternative proposals:
* From grammatical *čuti (“to hear, to sense”) < Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewh₁- (“to perceive”) with semantic inversion senseful → deaf, silent.
* From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover”), associating the grumpy demeanour of the animal as a result of cautiousness (for hogs) or stealthiness (for owls).

der

→ hog (Western South Slavic)

→ owlet (Eastern South Slavic)


rězvъ

rě̋zvъ (canonical)
b (accent-paradigm)
rězvъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
rězva (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
rězvo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
rězva (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
rězvy (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
rězva (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
rězvu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
rězvě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
rězvu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
rězvъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
rězvǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
rězvo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
rězvomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
rězvojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
rězvomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
rězvě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
rězvě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
rězvě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
rězve (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
rězvo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
rězvo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
rězva (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
rězvě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
rězvě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
rězvu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
rězvu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
rězvu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
rězvoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
rězvama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
rězvoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
rězva (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
rězvě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
rězvě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
rězvoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
rězvama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
rězvoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
rězvu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
rězvu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
rězvu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
rězva (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
rězvě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
rězvě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
rězvi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
rězvy (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
rězva (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
rězvъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
rězvъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
rězvъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
rězvomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
rězvamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
rězvomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
rězvy (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
rězvy (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
rězva (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
rězvy (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
rězvami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
rězvy (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
rězvěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
rězvaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
rězvěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
rězvi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
rězvy (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
rězva (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
b (accent-paradigm)
rězvъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
rězvaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
rězvoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
rězvajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
rězvyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
rězvajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
rězvujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
rězvěji (dative definite feminine singular)
rězvujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
rězvъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
rězvǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
rězvoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
rězvyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
rězvǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
rězvyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
rězvějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
rězvěji (definite feminine locative singular)
rězvějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
rězvъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
rězvaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
rězvoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
rězvaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
rězvěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
rězvěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
rězvuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
rězvuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
rězvuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
rězvyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
rězvyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
rězvyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
rězvaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
rězvěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
rězvěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
rězvyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
rězvyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
rězvyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
rězvuju (definite dual locative masculine)
rězvuju (definite dual feminine locative)
rězvuju (definite dual locative neuter)
rězvaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
rězvěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
rězvěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
rězviji (definite masculine nominative plural)
rězvyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
rězvaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
rězvъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
rězvъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
rězvъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
rězvyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
rězvyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
rězvyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
rězvyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
rězvyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
rězvaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
rězvyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
rězvyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
rězvyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
rězvyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
rězvyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
rězvyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
rězviji (definite masculine plural vocative)
rězvyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
rězvaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *rězvъ (hard, accent paradigm b)

Definite declension of *rězvъ (hard, accent paradigm b)

East Slavic:

Old Ruthenian: рѣ́звый (rě́zvyj)

Belarusian: рэ́звы (rézvy)

Ukrainian: рі́звий (rízvyj)

Russian: ре́звый (rézvyj)

West Slavic:

Polish: rzeźwy

Formed as *rězati (“to cut”) + *-vъ, from Proto-Indo-European *wreh₁ǵ-. Parallel to Proto-Slavic *rězъkъ (originally an u-stem).

→ frisky, high-spirited


oměgъ

oměgъ (nominative singular)
oměga (dual nominative)
omědzi (nominative plural)
oměga (genitive singular)
oměgu (dual genitive)
oměgъ (genitive plural)
oměgu (dative singular)
oměgoma (dative dual)
oměgomъ (dative plural)
oměgъ (accusative singular)
oměga (accusative dual)
oměgy (accusative plural)
oměgъmь (instrumental singular)
oměgomь (instrumental singular)
oměgoma (dual instrumental)
oměgy (instrumental plural)
omědzě (locative singular)
oměgu (dual locative)
omědzěxъ (locative plural)
oměže (singular vocative)
oměga (dual vocative)
omědzi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Belarusian: о́мег (ómjeh), во́мег (vómjeh) and во́бмег (vóbmjeh), and аме́жнік (amjéžnik)

Russian: оме́г (omég), dialectally also о́мег (ómeg), also оме́га (oméga), оме́жник (oméžnik), and even rarer омя́г (omjág) and омя́к (omják) and о́мик (ómik)

Ukrainian: оме́г (oméh), also оме́га (oméha) (but this means Rhododendron spp.), оме́жник (oméžnyk)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: омѣгъ (oměgŭ)

Serbo-Croatian: (rare Western or a Šulekism)

Latin script: omig, omik

Cyrillic script: омиг, омик

Slovene: omèj, also omeg, omega

West Slavic:

Czech: oměj

Polish: omieg, dialectally omiag, omięg, omiąg

Slovak: omich, omích

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: omeág

A relationship to Proto-Slavic *migati (“to blink”) via -ei-/-oi- ablaut because of the phantasms one gets when intaking the plants remains frequently considered. Compare analogues like *omanъ (“elecampane”) and *odolěnъ (“valerian”). Miklosich reconstructs *omęgъ on the basis of frequent nasalized forms in Old Polish and Romanian omeág, but these forms seem secondary.


patriti

patrati (frequentative)
Slavic (South West)
patřenьje (noun-from-verb)
patriti (infinitive)
patritъ (supine)
patrilъ (l-participle)
patřenъ (participle passive past)
patrimъ (participle passive present)
patřь (active participle past)
patrę (active participle present)
patrixъ (aorist first-person singular)
patri (aorist second-person singular)
patri (aorist singular third-person)
patřǫ (first-person present singular)
patriši (present second-person singular)
patritь (present singular third-person)
patrixově (aorist dual first-person)
patrista (aorist dual second-person)
patriste (aorist dual third-person)
patrivě (dual first-person present)
patrita (dual present second-person)
patrite (dual present third-person)
patrixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
patriste (aorist plural second-person)
patrišę (aorist plural third-person)
patrimъ (first-person plural present)
patrite (plural present second-person)
patrętь (plural present third-person)
patřaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
patřaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
patřaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
patri (imperative second-person singular)
patri (imperative singular third-person)
patřaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
patřaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
patřaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
patrivě (dual first-person imperative)
patrita (dual imperative second-person)
patřaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
patřaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
patřaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
patrimъ (first-person imperative plural)
patrite (imperative plural second-person)

ru:Варбот, Жанна Жановна

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: (dialectal) па́тря (pátrja)

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: pȁtriti, (dialectal) pàtriti

Cyrillic script: па̏трити, (dialectal) па̀трити

West Slavic:

Old Czech: patřiti

Czech: patřit

Old Polish: patrzyć

Polish: patrzyć

→? Old Ruthenian: па́трити (pátriti)

Belarusian: (dialectal) па́трыць (pátrycʹ)

Ukrainian: (dialectal) па́трити (pátryty)

Old Slovak: patriť

Slovak: patriť, (dialectal) patric

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: patrzëc

Slovincian: patrzëc

Alternative forms

West Slavic:

Old Polish: *patrzeć

Polish: patrzeć

Silesian: patrzeć

Slovak: patrieť

From Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-tro- (“food, fodder; feeding”) + *-iti, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- with a semantic shift of “to feed, to breed” > “to care, to look after” > “to look at something/someone, to look out for”.
Close cognates inclue Proto-Germanic *fōdrą, Avestan 𐬞𐬁𐬚𐬭𐬀 (pāθra), Old Armenian հօրան (hōran).

suf

(transitive) to belong [with *do (+ genitive) ‘to whom’]

(transitive) to benefit [with dative ‘whom’]

+obj

(transitive) to look at [with *na (+ accusative) ‘something/someone’]


pilę

pilę (nominative singular)
pilęti (dual nominative)
pilęta (nominative plural)
pilęte (genitive singular)
pilętu (dual genitive)
pilętъ (genitive plural)
pilęti (dative singular)
pilętьma (dative dual)
pilętьmъ (dative plural)
pilę (accusative singular)
pilęti (accusative dual)
pilęta (accusative plural)
pilętьmь (instrumental singular)
pilętьma (dual instrumental)
pilęty (instrumental plural)
pilęte (locative singular)
pilętu (dual locative)
pilętьxъ (locative plural)
pilę (singular vocative)
pilęti (dual vocative)
pilęta (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Russian: пыля-пыля (pylja-pylja) (command for calling birds)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: пи́ле (píle)

Macedonian: пиле (pile)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пи̏ле

Latin script: pȉle

⇒ Slovene: pilič

West Slavic:

Polabian: pailă (“duck”)

Polish: pylę

Slovincian: pjilã

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pile

Upper Sorbian: pilo

Onomatopoeic, from the nestling call *pi-pi + *-lę. Likely of Proto-Balto-Slavic origin, akin to Latvian pīle (“duck”), Lithuanian pỹlė (“duck”).
Compare also Proto-Slavic *pisklę (whence Polish pisklę) = *piskati (“to shriek”) + *-lę.


žuti

c (accent-paradigm)
žutьje (noun-from-verb)
žuti (infinitive)
žutъ (supine)
žulъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
žutъ (participle passive past)
žuvъ (active participle past)
c (accent-paradigm)
žuxъ (aorist first-person singular)
žu (aorist second-person singular)
žu (aorist singular third-person)
žьvǫ (first-person present singular)
žьveši (present second-person singular)
žьvetь (present singular third-person)
žuxově (aorist dual first-person)
žusta (aorist dual second-person)
žuste (aorist dual third-person)
žьvevě (dual first-person present)
žьveta (dual present second-person)
žьvete (dual present third-person)
žuxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
žuste (aorist plural second-person)
žušę (aorist plural third-person)
žьvemъ (first-person plural present)
žьvete (plural present second-person)
žьvǫtь (plural present third-person)
žьvi (imperative second-person singular)
žьvi (imperative singular third-person)
žьvěvě (dual first-person imperative)
žьvěta (dual imperative second-person)
žьvěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
žьvěte (imperative plural second-person)
c (accent-paradigm)
žutьje (noun-from-verb)
žuti (infinitive)
žutъ (supine)
žulъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
žutъ (participle passive past)
žujemъ (participle passive present)
žuvъ (active participle past)
žuję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
žuxъ (aorist first-person singular)
žu (aorist second-person singular)
žu (aorist singular third-person)
žujǫ (first-person present singular)
žuješi (present second-person singular)
žujetь (present singular third-person)
žuxově (aorist dual first-person)
žusta (aorist dual second-person)
žuste (aorist dual third-person)
žujevě (dual first-person present)
žujeta (dual present second-person)
žujete (dual present third-person)
žuxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
žuste (aorist plural second-person)
žušę (aorist plural third-person)
žujemъ (first-person plural present)
žujete (plural present second-person)
žujǫtь (plural present third-person)
žujaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
žujaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
žujaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
žuji (imperative second-person singular)
žuji (imperative singular third-person)
žujaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
žujaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
žujaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
žujivě (dual first-person imperative)
žujita (dual imperative second-person)
žujaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
žujaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
žujaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
žujimъ (first-person imperative plural)
žujite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old Ukrainian: жути (žuti)

Ukrainian: жу́ти (žúty) (obsolescent)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: жва pf (žva), жву́я impf (žvúja) (obsolescent, dialectal)

⇒ Bulgarian: жево́ля (ževólja, “to grind with teeth”)

Macedonian: жве (žve) (obsolete)

West Slavic:

Czech: žut, žít

Old Polish: żuć (zvcz)

Polish: żuć (partially)

Slovak: žuť (partially)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: žuś (partially)

Earlier root-stem form of Proto-Slavic *žьvati (“to chew”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵyewh₁-. Akin to Proto-Germanic *kewwaną (“to chew”), Tocharian B śuwaṃ (“to eat”).


loboda

loboda (nominative singular)
lobodě (dual nominative)
lobody (nominative plural)
lobody (genitive singular)
lobodu (dual genitive)
lobodъ (genitive plural)
lobodě (dative singular)
lobodama (dative dual)
lobodamъ (dative plural)
lobodǫ (accusative singular)
lobodě (accusative dual)
lobody (accusative plural)
lobodojǫ (instrumental singular)
lobodǫ (instrumental singular)
lobodama (dual instrumental)
lobodami (instrumental plural)
lobodě (locative singular)
lobodu (dual locative)
lobodasъ (locative plural)
lobodaxъ (locative plural)
lobodo (singular vocative)
lobodě (dual vocative)
lobody (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: лебеда (lebeda), лобода (loboda), лобеда (lobeda)

Belarusian: лебяда́ (ljebjadá), лабада́ (labadá)

Russian: лебеда́ (lebedá), лобода́ (lobodá)

Ukrainian: лобода́ (lobodá), лебеда́ (lebedá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: лобода (loboda)

Bulgarian: ло́бода (lóboda), ло́бод (lóbod), лабада́ (labadá), ла́бада (lábada), ла́бода (láboda)

Macedonian: лобода (loboda)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ло̀бода, лобо̀да

Latin script: lòboda, lobòda

Chakavian (Vrgada): lobodȁ

Slovene: lobóda, lóboda, lebẹ́da

West Slavic:

Czech: lebeda, loboda, lebada

Polish: łoboda, lebioda

Slovak: loboda, lebeda

Slovincian: lôbôda

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: loboda, lobeda

Lower Sorbian: łoboda, łobeda, lobeda

→ Albanian: labót, labotë, labod, lebotë, llabod, llabudë, llabod

→ Greek: λουβουδιά (louvoudiá), λουβοδιά (louvodiá), λοβουδιά (lovoudiá), λοβοδιά (lovodiá), λοβοδά (lovodá), λομπότι (lompóti), λομποτιά (lompotiá), λομποτή (lompotí), λομπουντιά (lompountiá), λομπουτιά (lompoutiá), λοποντιά (lopontiá), λοποτιά (lopotiá), λεπουντιά (lepountiá), λεποντιά (lepontiá), λεποντή (lepontí), λεβουδιά (levoudiá), λοβοδό (lovodó), λάπατα (lápata), λαμποτιά (lampotiá), λαβουδιά (lavoudiá), λειβαδία (leivadía), λειβάδιον (leivádion)

→ Hungarian: laboda

→ Romanian: lobodă

→? Proto-Turkic: *alabuda

Of uncertain kinship. Relatable to Lithuanian balánda and Latvian balodene (“goosefoot (Chenopodium); orach (Atriplex gen. et spp.)”), and even a distant relationship to Proto-Germanic *meldǭ (“goosefoot; orach”) cannot be excluded. A derivation from Proto-Indo-European *albʰós (“white”) begs the semantical question whether there are characteristic white parts with the orach or chenopod, any more relevantly than to artificially find the name Chenopodium album. Ancient Greek λάπαθον (lápathon, “sorrel”, a meaning also present in Turkish) may be related by being borrowed from an Indo-European language close to Balto-Slavic as Dacian, Thracian, or Illyrian, connected to Albanian lëpjetë (“sorrel”), wheras Ancient Greek βλῐ́τον (blíton, “purple amaranth”) might be an inherited cognate.
Cihac suggests that the word is interrelated with Hungarian láb (“foot, leg”) and thus derives from Uralic, comparing Romanian laba gâștei (“chenopod”, literally “goose paw”), syn. talpa gâștei (“goose sole”), and the botanical Chenopodium from χήν (khḗn, “goose”) + πούς (poús, “foot”) (but most of such like German Gänsefuß (“chenopod”) and English goosefoot are calqued from the taxonomic; instead compare Middle Armenian բազուկ (bazuk, “beet”, literally “arm”)). Nonetheless Georg Holzer ascribes the word to the Indo-European substrate he calls “Temematic”, deriving in it as a bahúvrīhi compound of Proto-Indo-European *h₁el- (“goose”, according to him) and *pṓds (“foot”).
Of the same origin is a Common Turkic term *(a)labVda everywhere meaning plants of the Atripliceae syn. Chenopodieae tribe that is not found in Chuvash or Yakut.
Descendance from Proto-Iranian *(h)rabā́š ~ *(h)rabacáh (“rhubarb”) (see there for more) may explain this geographical picture, rhubarb (Rheum) and sorrel (Rumex) anciently being confusables of the same botanical tribe, compare the concept of monk's rhubarb (Rumex alpinus and Rumex patientia, which is also a meaning of Ancient Greek λάπαθον (lápathon), with superficial similarity to the orach (Atriplex) and goosefoot (Chenopodium) vegetable plants.


pьkъlo

pьkъlò (canonical neuter)
b (accent-paradigm)
pьkъlò (nominative singular)
pьkъ̀lě (dual nominative)
pьkъlà (nominative plural)
pьkъlà (genitive singular)
pьkъlù (dual genitive)
pьkъ̀lъ (genitive plural)
pьkъlù (dative singular)
pьkъlòma (dative dual)
pьkъlòmъ (dative plural)
pьkъlò (accusative singular)
pьkъ̀lě (accusative dual)
pьkъlà (accusative plural)
pьkъlъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
pьkъlòmь (instrumental singular)
pьkъlòma (dual instrumental)
pьkъ̀ly (instrumental plural)
pьkъlě̀ (locative singular)
pьkъlù (dual locative)
pьkъ̀lěxъ (locative plural)
pьkъlò (singular vocative)
pьkъ̀lě (dual vocative)
pьkъlà (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: пькъло (pĭkŭlo)

→ Belarusian: пе́кла (pjékla)

→ Russian: пе́кло (péklo)

→ Ukrainian: пе́кло (péklo)

Bulgarian: пъ́кло (pǎ́klo), dial. пе́кло (péklo)

Slovene: pəklò (tonal orthography) (archaic)

West Slavic:

Czech: peklo

Polish: piekło

→ Lithuanian: peklà

Slovak: peklo

Slovincian: pêklô

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pjakło

→ (figurative) scorching heat, blaze

Alternative form of *pьkъlъ (“hell, inferno”)


vodьnikъ

vodьnìkъ (canonical masculine)
vodьnikъ (nominative singular)
vodьnika (dual nominative)
vodьnici (nominative plural)
vodьnika (genitive singular)
vodьniku (dual genitive)
vodьnikъ (genitive plural)
vodьniku (dative singular)
vodьnikoma (dative dual)
vodьnikomъ (dative plural)
vodьnikъ (accusative singular)
vodьnika (accusative dual)
vodьniky (accusative plural)
vodьnikъmь (instrumental singular)
vodьnikomь (instrumental singular)
vodьnikoma (dual instrumental)
vodьniky (instrumental plural)
vodьnicě (locative singular)
vodьniku (dual locative)
vodьnicěxъ (locative plural)
vodьniče (singular vocative)
vodьnika (dual vocative)
vodьnici (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: вадзяні́к (vadzjaník)

desc

Russian: во́дник (vódnik, “water carrier”)

⇒ Russian: водяно́й (vodjanój, “water demon”)

→ Serbo-Croatian: вођаној (Serbian)

Ukrainian: водяни́к (vodjanýk)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: водни́к (vodník), водня́к (vodnják)

Macedonian: водник (vodnik, “washbasin”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: водѐња̄к (“water spirit; white-throated dipper”)

Latin script: vodènjāk (“water spirit; white-throated dipper”)

Slovene: vodnják (“water source”)

West Slavic:

Czech: vodník

Polish: wodnik

Slovak: vodnik

Formed as *vodьnъ (“watery”) + *-ikъ or equivalently *voda (“water”) + *-ьnikъ. Some daughter languages make distinction between male and female water spirits, in which case *vodьnikъ m refers specifically to the male spirit, while *vodьnica f refers to the female one.

→ nix, undine (water spirit or demon)

→ washbasin, spring

→ water worker (person who operates with water or deals with water-related issues)

creature, tool/agent, or vessel related to water