čьrvenъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *čьrvenъ (hard)

Definite declension of *čьrvenъ (hard)

čьrvenъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
čьrvena (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
čьrveno (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
čьrvena (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
čьrveny (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
čьrvena (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
čьrvenu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
čьrveně (dative feminine indefinite singular)
čьrvenu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
čьrvenъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
čьrvenǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
čьrveno (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
čьrvenomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
čьrvenojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
čьrvenomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
čьrveně (indefinite locative masculine singular)
čьrveně (feminine indefinite locative singular)
čьrveně (indefinite locative neuter singular)
čьrvene (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
čьrveno (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
čьrveno (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
čьrvena (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
čьrveně (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
čьrveně (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
čьrvenu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
čьrvenu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
čьrvenu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
čьrvenoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
čьrvenama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
čьrvenoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
čьrvena (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
čьrveně (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
čьrveně (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
čьrvenoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
čьrvenama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
čьrvenoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
čьrvenu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
čьrvenu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
čьrvenu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
čьrvena (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
čьrveně (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
čьrveně (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
čьrveni (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
čьrveny (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
čьrvena (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
čьrvenъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
čьrvenъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
čьrvenъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
čьrvenomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
čьrvenamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
čьrvenomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
čьrveny (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
čьrveny (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
čьrvena (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
čьrveny (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
čьrvenami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
čьrveny (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
čьrveněxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
čьrvenaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
čьrveněxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
čьrveni (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
čьrveny (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
čьrvena (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
čьrvenъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
čьrvenaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
čьrvenoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
čьrvenajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
čьrvenyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
čьrvenajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
čьrvenujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
čьrveněji (dative definite feminine singular)
čьrvenujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
čьrvenъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
čьrvenǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
čьrvenoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
čьrvenyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
čьrvenǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
čьrvenyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
čьrvenějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
čьrveněji (definite feminine locative singular)
čьrvenějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
čьrvenъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
čьrvenaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
čьrvenoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
čьrvenaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
čьrveněji (definite dual feminine nominative)
čьrveněji (definite dual neuter nominative)
čьrvenuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
čьrvenuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
čьrvenuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
čьrvenyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
čьrvenyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
čьrvenyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
čьrvenaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
čьrveněji (accusative definite dual feminine)
čьrveněji (accusative definite dual neuter)
čьrvenyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
čьrvenyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
čьrvenyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
čьrvenuju (definite dual locative masculine)
čьrvenuju (definite dual feminine locative)
čьrvenuju (definite dual locative neuter)
čьrvenaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
čьrveněji (definite dual feminine vocative)
čьrveněji (definite dual neuter vocative)
čьrveniji (definite masculine nominative plural)
čьrvenyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
čьrvenaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
čьrvenъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
čьrvenъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
čьrvenъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
čьrvenyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
čьrvenyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
čьrvenyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
čьrvenyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
čьrvenyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
čьrvenaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
čьrvenyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
čьrvenyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
čьrvenyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
čьrvenyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
čьrvenyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
čьrvenyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
čьrveniji (definite masculine plural vocative)
čьrvenyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
čьrvenaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: чырво́ны (čyrvóny)

Russian: червлёный (červljónyj), черво́нный (červónnyj)

Carpathian Rusyn: червеный (červenŷj)

Ukrainian: черво́ний (červónyj)

Old Novgorodian: цьрлѥне (cĭrljene)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: чрьвенъ (črĭvenŭ), чрьвлѥнъ (črĭvljenŭ)

Glagolitic: ⱍⱃⱐⰲⰵⱀⱏ (črĭvenŭ), ⱍⱃⱐⰲⰾⱑⱀⱏ (črĭvlěnŭ)

Bulgarian: черве́н (červén)

Macedonian: црвен (crven)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: цр̀вен

Latin script: cr̀ven

Slovene: črlèn

West Slavic:

Kashubian: czerwòny

Old Czech: črvený

Czech: červený

Polabian: carvenĕ

desc

Old Polish: czerwony, czyrwiony, czyrwony, czyrzwiony, czyrzwony

Polish: czerwony

→ Russian: черво́нный (červónnyj)

Silesian: czyrwōny (through czyrwony)

Slovak: červený

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: čerwjeny

Lower Sorbian: cerwjeny

Passive participle of *čьrviti (“to dye red”), from *čьrvь (“worm”), certain worms being used to manufacture red dye.


-tati

-tanьje (noun-from-verb)
-tati (infinitive)
-tatъ (supine)
-talъ (l-participle)
-tanъ (participle passive past)
-tajemъ (participle passive present)
-tavъ (active participle past)
-taję (active participle present)
-taxъ (aorist first-person singular)
-ta (aorist second-person singular)
-ta (aorist singular third-person)
-tajǫ (first-person present singular)
-taješi (present second-person singular)
-tajetь (present singular third-person)
-taxově (aorist dual first-person)
-tasta (aorist dual second-person)
-taste (aorist dual third-person)
-tajevě (dual first-person present)
-tajeta (dual present second-person)
-tajete (dual present third-person)
-taxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
-taste (aorist plural second-person)
-tašę (aorist plural third-person)
-tajemъ (first-person plural present)
-tajete (plural present second-person)
-tajǫtь (plural present third-person)
-taaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
-taaše (imperfect second-person singular)
-taaše (imperfect singular third-person)
-taji (imperative second-person singular)
-taji (imperative singular third-person)
-taaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
-taašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
-taašete (dual imperfect third-person)
-tajivě (dual first-person imperative)
-tajita (dual imperative second-person)
-taaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
-taašete (imperfect plural second-person)
-taaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
-tajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
-tajite (imperative plural second-person)
-tanьje (noun-from-verb)
-tati (infinitive)
-tatъ (supine)
-talъ (l-participle)
-tanъ (participle passive past)
-ťemъ (participle passive present)
-tavъ (active participle past)
-ťę (active participle present)
-taxъ (aorist first-person singular)
-ta (aorist second-person singular)
-ta (aorist singular third-person)
-ťǫ (first-person present singular)
-ťeši (present second-person singular)
-ťetь (present singular third-person)
-taxově (aorist dual first-person)
-tasta (aorist dual second-person)
-taste (aorist dual third-person)
-ťevě (dual first-person present)
-ťeta (dual present second-person)
-ťete (dual present third-person)
-taxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
-taste (aorist plural second-person)
-tašę (aorist plural third-person)
-ťemъ (first-person plural present)
-ťete (plural present second-person)
-ťǫtь (plural present third-person)
-taaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
-taaše (imperfect second-person singular)
-taaše (imperfect singular third-person)
-ťi (imperative second-person singular)
-ťi (imperative singular third-person)
-taaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
-taašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
-taašete (dual imperfect third-person)
-ťivě (dual first-person imperative)
-ťita (dual imperative second-person)
-taaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
-taašete (imperfect plural second-person)
-taaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
-ťimъ (first-person imperative plural)
-ťite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: -тати (-tati)

Belarusian: -таць (-tacʹ)

Russian: -тать (-tatʹ)

Ukrainian: -тати (-taty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: -тати (-tati)

Glagolitic script: -ⱅⰰⱅⰹ (-tati)

Bulgarian: -там (-tam)

Macedonian: -та (-ta)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -тати

Latin script: -tati

Slovene: -tati

West Slavic:

Czech: -tat

Polish: -tać

Slovak: -tať

Slovincian: *-tac

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: -tać

Upper Sorbian: -taś

Form from t-participles or expressive roots ending in -t- with the factive conjugation *-ati or with the emphatic *-jeti (regularly mixed with a-conjugation in aorist and infinitive). Similar to Proto-Slavic *-pati, Proto-Slavic *-kati.

klokotъ (“rumble”) → *klokotati (“to rumble, to gurgle”) (a/j-conjugation)

groxotъ (“rattle, din”) → *groxotati (“to crash, to rumble”) (a/j-conjugation)

ščьbьtъ (“chirp”) → *ščьbьtati (“to twitter, to chirp”) (a/j-conjugation)

šьpъtъ (“whisper”) → *šьpъtati (“to whisper”) (a/j-conjugation)

rъpъtъ (“grumble, growl”) → *rъpъtati (“to murmur, to complain”)

botъ (“slap, hit”) → *botati (“to hammer, to slash”)

Creates onomatopoeic verbs from onomatopoeic nouns in Proto-Slavic *-otъ, Proto-Slavic *-ъtъ, or Proto-Slavic *-ьtъ:

Pre-Slavic *orti (“to plow”) → *ortъ → *ortati (“to serve, to struggle with work”)

biti (“to beat”) → *bitъ → *bitati (“to manage, to handle a device”)

orbъ (“slave, worker”) → *orbota (“work, labor”) → *orbotati (“to work”)

kľuti (“to peck”) → *kleveta (“slander”) → *klevetati (“to dream, to hope for”) (a/j-conjugation)

Creates iterative verbs from t-participles or action nouns in Proto-Slavic *-ota:

xodъ (“move, gait”) → *xodatati (“to mediate, to transmit”)

golsъ (“voice”) → *golšatati (“to announce, to proclaim”)

mikъ (“slash”) → *mьčьta (“daydream, hope”) → *mьčьtati (“to dream, to hope for”)


pьrvъ

pь̀rvъ (canonical)
pьrvъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
pьrva (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
pьrvo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
pьrva (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
pьrvy (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
pьrva (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
pьrvu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
pьrvě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
pьrvu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
pьrvъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
pьrvǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
pьrvo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
pьrvomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
pьrvojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
pьrvomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
pьrvě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
pьrvě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
pьrvě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
pьrve (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
pьrvo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
pьrvo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
pьrva (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
pьrvě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
pьrvě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
pьrvu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
pьrvu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
pьrvu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
pьrvoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
pьrvama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
pьrvoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
pьrva (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
pьrvě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
pьrvě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
pьrvoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
pьrvama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
pьrvoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
pьrvu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
pьrvu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
pьrvu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
pьrva (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
pьrvě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
pьrvě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
pьrvi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
pьrvy (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
pьrva (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
pьrvъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
pьrvъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
pьrvъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
pьrvomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
pьrvamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
pьrvomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
pьrvy (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
pьrvy (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
pьrva (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
pьrvy (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
pьrvami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
pьrvy (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
pьrvěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
pьrvaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
pьrvěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
pьrvi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
pьrvy (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
pьrva (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
pьrvъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
pьrvaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
pьrvoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
pьrvajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
pьrvyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
pьrvajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
pьrvujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
pьrvěji (dative definite feminine singular)
pьrvujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
pьrvъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
pьrvǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
pьrvoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
pьrvyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
pьrvǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
pьrvyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
pьrvějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
pьrvěji (definite feminine locative singular)
pьrvějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
pьrvъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
pьrvaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
pьrvoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
pьrvaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
pьrvěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
pьrvěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
pьrvuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
pьrvuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
pьrvuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
pьrvyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
pьrvyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
pьrvyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
pьrvaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
pьrvěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
pьrvěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
pьrvyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
pьrvyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
pьrvyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
pьrvuju (definite dual locative masculine)
pьrvuju (definite dual feminine locative)
pьrvuju (definite dual locative neuter)
pьrvaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
pьrvěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
pьrvěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
pьrviji (definite masculine nominative plural)
pьrvyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
pьrvaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
pьrvъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
pьrvъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
pьrvъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
pьrvyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
pьrvyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
pьrvyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
pьrvyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
pьrvyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
pьrvaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
pьrvyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
pьrvyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
pьrvyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
pьrvyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
pьrvyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
pьrvyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
pьrviji (definite masculine plural vocative)
pьrvyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
pьrvaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *pьrvъ (hard)

Definite declension of *pьrvъ (hard)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: пь́рвꙑи (pĭ́rvyi), пе́рвꙑи (pérvyi)

Old Ruthenian: пе́рвый (pérvyj)

Belarusian: пе́рвы (pjérvy)

Carpathian Rusyn: пе́рвый (pérvŷj)

Ukrainian: пе́рвий (pérvyj)

desctree

Russian: пе́рвый (pérvyj)
→ Kildin Sami: пе̄рвэ (pierve)
→ Yakut: пиэрибэй (pieribey)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: прьвъ (prĭvŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⱃⱐⰲⱏ (prĭvŭ)

desc

Bulgarian: пъ́рви (pǎ́rvi), пръ́в (prǎ́v)

Macedonian: прв (prv)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пр̑вӣ

Latin script: pȓvī

Slovene: pȓvi (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: prvý

Czech: prvý, první

desctree

Old Polish: pierwy
⇒ Polish: (with addition of the comparative ending -szy) pierwszy, (Middle Polish) pierwy
→ Belarusian: пе́ршы (pjéršy)
→ Ukrainian: пе́рший (péršyj)
Silesian: piyrszy

Slovak: prvý

Polabian: parĕ

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: piérwi

Slovincian: pjêrszy

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: pjerwy

Lower Sorbian: pjerwy

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pírˀwas, from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂wós or Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₃wós.
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian pìrmas (“first; primary”), Latvian pìrmaĩs, Old Prussian pirmas (“first”).
Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit पूर्व (pū́rva, “foremost, first, previous”), Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬬𐬀- (paurva-), 𐬞𐬀𐬊𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬫𐬀- (paoᵘruya-), 𐬞𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬭𐬫𐬀 (paoirya, “first”), Old Persian [Term?] (/paruva-/), Albanian parë (“first”), Tocharian A pärwat, Tocharian B pärweṣṣe (“first”), Old English forwost (“first, (ring)leader”).


kǫťa

kǫťa (nominative singular)
kǫťi (dual nominative)
kǫťę̇ (nominative plural)
kǫťę̇ (genitive singular)
kǫťu (dual genitive)
kǫťь (genitive plural)
kǫťi (dative singular)
kǫťama (dative dual)
kǫťamъ (dative plural)
kǫťǫ (accusative singular)
kǫťi (accusative dual)
kǫťę̇ (accusative plural)
kǫťejǫ (instrumental singular)
kǫťǫ (instrumental singular)
kǫťama (dual instrumental)
kǫťami (instrumental plural)
kǫťi (locative singular)
kǫťu (dual locative)
kǫťasъ (locative plural)
kǫťaxъ (locative plural)
kǫťe (singular vocative)
kǫťi (dual vocative)
kǫťę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: кꙋча (kuča, “hut, dwelling”)

Russian: ку́ча (kúča, “hut covered with dirt”) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: ку́ча (kúča)

⇒ Belarusian: ку́чка (kúčka) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: кѫща (kǫšta)

Glagolitic: ⰽⱘⱋⰰ (kǫšta)

Bulgarian: къ́ща (kǎ́šta)

Macedonian: ку́ќа (kúḱa)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ку̏ћа

Latin script: kȕća

Slovene: koča

West Slavic:

Czech: kuča (dialectal, possibly from Ukrainian via Polish)

Polish: kuczka (possibly from Ukrainian)

Slovak: kučka (dialectal)

Of obscure origin. Usually listed as an exclusive South Slavic isogloss, with possible sporadic appearance in East Slavic, which is however disputed by Vasmer. It may be a cognate of Sogdian 𐫞𐫗𐫕 (qnθ /kand/, “city”), Khotanese [script needed] (kanthā, “city”) and Ossetian (Iron dialect) кӕнд (kænd, “building”).

unk

obscure


kǫtъ

kǫ̃tъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
kǫ̃tъ (nominative singular)
kǭtà (dual nominative)
kǭtì (nominative plural)
kǭtà (genitive singular)
kǭtù (dual genitive)
kǫ̃tъ (genitive plural)
kǭtù (dative singular)
kǭtòma (dative dual)
kǭtòmъ (dative plural)
kǫ̃tъ (accusative singular)
kǭtà (accusative dual)
kǭtỳ (accusative plural)
kǭtъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
kǭtòmь (instrumental singular)
kǭtòma (dual instrumental)
kǫ̃ty (instrumental plural)
kǭtě̀ (locative singular)
kǭtù (dual locative)
kǫ̃těxъ (locative plural)
kǫte (singular vocative)
kǭtà (dual vocative)
kǭtì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: кут (kut)

Russian: кут (kut) (dialectal)

Carpathian Rusyn: кут (kut)

Ukrainian: кут (kut)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: кѫтъ (kǫtŭ)

Glagolitic: ⰽⱘⱅⱏ (kǫtŭ)

Bulgarian: кът (kǎt), кънт (kǎnt) (dialectal)

Macedonian: кат (kat)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ку̑т

Latin script: kȗt

Slovene: kọ́t (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kút
Czech: kout

desctree

Old Polish: kąt
Polish: kąt
Silesian: kōnt

Old Slovak: kút

Slovak: kút

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: kąt

Slovincian: kõt

→? Albanian: kënd

Per Derksen 2008, cognate with Lithuanian kam̃pas (“corner”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kamptas, from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂em- (“to curve, bend”)
Has been further compared with Ancient Greek κανθός (kanthós, “eye's corner”) (phonetically problematic), Proto-Celtic *kantos (“edge”).


duxъ

dȗxъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
dȗxъ (nominative singular)
dȗxa (dual nominative)
dȗśi (nominative plural)
dȗxa (genitive singular)
duxù (dual genitive)
dũxъ (genitive plural)
dȗxu (dative singular)
duxomà (dative dual)
duxòmъ (dative plural)
dȗxъ (accusative singular)
dȗxa (accusative dual)
dȗxy (accusative plural)
dȗxъmь (instrumental singular)
dȗxomь (instrumental singular)
duxomà (dual instrumental)
duxý (instrumental plural)
dȗśě (locative singular)
duxù (dual locative)
duśě̃xъ (locative plural)
duše (singular vocative)
dȗxa (dual vocative)
dȗśi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: духъ (duxŭ, “air”)

Belarusian: дух (dux)

Russian: дух (dux)

Carpathian Rusyn: дух (dux)

Ukrainian: дух (dux)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: доухъ (duxŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰴⱆⱈⱏ (duxŭ)

Bulgarian: дух (duh)

Macedonian: дух (duh)

Serbo-Croatian: ду̏х, dȕh

Slovene: dȗh (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: duch

Czech: duch

Bohemian (Chod dialect): duch

Kashubian: dëch

Polish: duch

Slovak: duch

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: duch

Lower Sorbian: duch

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: doh

→ Romanian: duh

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dausas, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰews-, variant of *dʰwes-. Cognate with Lithuanian daũsos f pl (“air”), Proto-Germanic *deuzą (“animal”).

bezъ ducha byti

jьspustiti/vypustiti ducha

breath (especially as manifestation of the life)

zъlъ duxъ


bresti

brestì (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
bredenьje (noun-from-verb)
bresti (infinitive)
brestъ (supine)
bredlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
bredenъ (participle passive past)
bredomъ (participle passive present)
bredъ (active participle past)
bredy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
bredъ (aorist first-person singular)
bredoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
brede (aorist second-person singular)
brede (aorist singular third-person)
bredǫ (first-person present singular)
bredeši (present second-person singular)
bredetь (present singular third-person)
bredově (aorist dual first-person)
bredoxově (aorist dual first-person)
bredeta (aorist dual second-person)
bredosta (aorist dual second-person)
bredete (aorist dual third-person)
bredoste (aorist dual third-person)
bredevě (dual first-person present)
bredeta (dual present second-person)
bredete (dual present third-person)
bredomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bredoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bredete (aorist plural second-person)
bredoste (aorist plural second-person)
bredǫ (aorist plural third-person)
bredošę (aorist plural third-person)
bredemъ (first-person plural present)
bredete (plural present second-person)
bredǫtь (plural present third-person)
breděaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
breděaše (imperfect second-person singular)
breděaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bredi (imperative second-person singular)
bredi (imperative singular third-person)
breděaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
breděašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
breděašete (dual imperfect third-person)
breděvě (dual first-person imperative)
breděta (dual imperative second-person)
breděaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
breděašete (imperfect plural second-person)
breděaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
breděmъ (first-person imperative plural)
breděte (imperative plural second-person)

Church Slavonic: брести (bresti) (Russian)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: брести (bresti)

Belarusian: брысци́ (bryscí) (colloquial)

Russian: брести́ (brestí)

Ukrainian: брести́ (brestý)

South Slavic:

⇒ Bulgarian: бре́цам (brécam) (+ *-ьcati)

Slovene: brésti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: břísti

Polabian: bradĕ (3sg.)

Slovak: bŕsť

Slovincian: brësc

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *brestei, cognate with Lithuanian brìsti (“to wade”), 1sg. brendù (Eastern dialectal bredù), 3sg. breñda, 3sg. past brìdo, Latvian brist (“to wade”), as well as Albanian bredh (“to jump, to hop”). Trubachev (ESSJa) adds Tocharian B preściye (“mud, dirt”) and Thracian βρεδα- (vreda-) (found only in toponyms). None of the languages outside Balto-Slavic clearly indicate whether the PIE root had *-d- or *-dʰ-, but *-dʰ- is required in Balto-Slavic if Winter's law applies, since the preceding vowel was not lengthened. Accordingly, Derksen reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *bʰredʰ- (*bʰ- rather than *b- can be assumed because initial *b- was rare or nonexistent in Proto-Indo-European).


dьrati

dьràti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
dьranьje (noun-from-verb)
dьrati (infinitive)
dьratъ (supine)
dьralъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
dьranъ (participle passive past)
deromъ (participle passive present)
dьravъ (active participle past)
dery (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
dьraxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dьra (aorist second-person singular)
dьra (aorist singular third-person)
derǫ (first-person present singular)
dereši (present second-person singular)
deretь (present singular third-person)
dьraxově (aorist dual first-person)
dьrasta (aorist dual second-person)
dьraste (aorist dual third-person)
derevě (dual first-person present)
dereta (dual present second-person)
derete (dual present third-person)
dьraxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dьraste (aorist plural second-person)
dьrašę (aorist plural third-person)
deremъ (first-person plural present)
derete (plural present second-person)
derǫtь (plural present third-person)
dьraaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dьraaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dьraaše (imperfect singular third-person)
deri (imperative second-person singular)
deri (imperative singular third-person)
dьraaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dьraašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dьraašete (dual imperfect third-person)
derěvě (dual first-person imperative)
derěta (dual imperative second-person)
dьraaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dьraašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dьraaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
derěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
derěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дра́ти (dráti)

Belarusian: дра́ць (drácʹ)

Russian: дра́ть (drátʹ)

Ukrainian: дра́ти (dráty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: дьрати (dĭrati)

Bulgarian: дера́ (derá)

Macedonian: дере (dere)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дра̏ти, дѐрати

Latin: drȁti, dèrati

Slovene: dẹ̑rati (tonal orthography) (obsolete)

West Slavic:

Czech: drát

Polabian: derĕ (3sg.)

Old Polish: drać

Slovak: drať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: draś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dírāˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *derH- (“to split, to separate; to tear, to crack, to shatter”), reanalyzed form of an earlier *dertì.


lěto

lě̀to (canonical neuter)
a (accent-paradigm)
lě̀to (nominative singular)
lě̀tě (dual nominative)
lě̀ta (nominative plural)
lě̀ta (genitive singular)
lě̀tu (dual genitive)
lě̀tъ (genitive plural)
lě̀tu (dative singular)
lě̀toma (dative dual)
lě̀tomъ (dative plural)
lě̀to (accusative singular)
lě̀tě (accusative dual)
lě̀ta (accusative plural)
lě̀tъmь (instrumental singular)
lě̀tomь (instrumental singular)
lě̀toma (dual instrumental)
lě̀tȳ (instrumental plural)
lě̀tě (locative singular)
lě̀tu (dual locative)
lě̀tě̄xъ (locative plural)
lě̀to (singular vocative)
lě̀tě (dual vocative)
lě̀ta (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: лѣто (lěto)

Old Ruthenian: лѣто (lěto)

Belarusian: ле́та (ljéta)

Carpathian Rusyn: лї́то (ljíto)

Ukrainian: лі́то (líto)

desc

Russian: ле́то (léto), ле́та (léta, “year (only)”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: лѣто (lěto)

Glagolitic script: ⰾⱑⱅⱁ (lěto)

Bulgarian: ля́то (ljáto)

Macedonian: лето (leto)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ле̏то, ље̏то

Latin script: lȅto, ljȅto

Slovene: lẹ́to (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: léto

Czech: léto

Knaanic: לֵיטוֹ (léto)

Polabian: ľotü

Old Polish: lato

Polish: lato

Silesian: lato

Slovak: leto

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: lato

Slovincian: latô

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: lěto, lěćo

Lower Sorbian: lěto, lěśe

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: leat

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *laita, from Proto-Indo-European *leh₁tóm, *loyt- (“warm part of the year”). Cognate with Old Irish laithe n (“day”), Swedish låding, lådig (“spring”).


viděti

vìděti (canonical)
a (accent-paradigm)
viděnьje (noun-from-verb)
viděti (infinitive)
vidětъ (supine)
vidělъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
viděnъ (participle passive past)
vidimъ (participle passive present)
viděvъ (active participle past)
vidę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
viděxъ (aorist first-person singular)
vidě (aorist second-person singular)
vidě (aorist singular third-person)
viďǫ (first-person present singular)
vidiši (present second-person singular)
viditь (present singular third-person)
viděxově (aorist dual first-person)
viděsta (aorist dual second-person)
viděste (aorist dual third-person)
vidivě (dual first-person present)
vidita (dual present second-person)
vidite (dual present third-person)
viděxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
viděste (aorist plural second-person)
viděšę (aorist plural third-person)
vidimъ (first-person plural present)
vidite (plural present second-person)
vidętь (plural present third-person)
viděaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
viděaše (imperfect second-person singular)
viděaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vidi (imperative second-person singular)
vidi (imperative singular third-person)
viděaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
viděašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
viděašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vidivě (dual first-person imperative)
vidita (dual imperative second-person)
viděaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
viděašete (imperfect plural second-person)
viděaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vidimъ (first-person imperative plural)
vidite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: видѣти (viděti)

Old Ruthenian: видѣти (viděti)

Belarusian: ві́дзець (vídzjecʹ) (dated, colloquial)

Carpathian Rusyn: відїти (vidjity)

Ukrainian: ви́діти (výdity) (dated)

Russian: ви́деть (vídetʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: видѣти (viděti)

Bulgarian: ви́дя (vídja)

Macedonian: ви́ди (vídi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ви̏дјети, ви̏дети

Latin: vȉdjeti, vȉdeti

Slovene: vídeti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: viděti
Czech: vidět

desctree

Old Polish: widzieć
Polish: widzieć
Silesian: widzieć

Slovak: vidieť

Polabian: vaidĕt

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: widzec

Slovincian: wjidzec

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wiźeś

Upper Sorbian: widźeć

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *weiˀdēˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to see”). Cognate with Latin videō, Lithuanian veizdė́ti.


letěti

letě̀ti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
letěnьje (noun-from-verb)
letěti (infinitive)
letětъ (supine)
letělъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
letěvъ (active participle past)
letę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
letěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
letě (aorist second-person singular)
letě (aorist singular third-person)
leťǫ (first-person present singular)
letiši (present second-person singular)
letitь (present singular third-person)
letěxově (aorist dual first-person)
letěsta (aorist dual second-person)
letěste (aorist dual third-person)
letivě (dual first-person present)
letita (dual present second-person)
letite (dual present third-person)
letěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
letěste (aorist plural second-person)
letěšę (aorist plural third-person)
letimъ (first-person plural present)
letite (plural present second-person)
letętь (plural present third-person)
letěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
letěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
letěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
leti (imperative second-person singular)
leti (imperative singular third-person)
letěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
letěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
letěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
letivě (dual first-person imperative)
letita (dual imperative second-person)
letěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
letěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
letěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
letimъ (first-person imperative plural)
letite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ляце́ць (ljacjécʹ)

Russian: лете́ть (letétʹ)

Ukrainian: леті́ти (letíty)

Carpathian Rusyn: литїти (lytjity)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: летѣти (letěti)

Bulgarian: летя́ (letjá)

Macedonian: лета (leta)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: лѐтети, лѐтјети

Latin: lèteti, lètjeti

Slovene: letẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: letěti

Czech: letět

Kashubian: lecec

Polish: lecieć

Slovak: letieť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: leśeś

Upper Sorbian: lećeć

Formed as *letъ (“flight”) + *-ěti from Proto-Balto-Slavic *lekt-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lek-. Akin to Lithuanian lė̃kti (“to fly”), 3sg. lẽkia, Latvian lèkt (“to jump, (rarely) to fly”), 3sg. lec, Ancient Greek ληκάω (lēkáō, “to dance to music”), Middle High German lecken (“to hop”).


opsina

opsina (nominative singular)
opsině (dual nominative)
opsiny (nominative plural)
opsiny (genitive singular)
opsinu (dual genitive)
opsinъ (genitive plural)
opsině (dative singular)
opsinama (dative dual)
opsinamъ (dative plural)
opsinǫ (accusative singular)
opsině (accusative dual)
opsiny (accusative plural)
opsinojǫ (instrumental singular)
opsinǫ (instrumental singular)
opsinama (dual instrumental)
opsinami (instrumental plural)
opsině (locative singular)
opsinu (dual locative)
opsinasъ (locative plural)
opsinaxъ (locative plural)
opsino (singular vocative)
opsině (dual vocative)
opsiny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: осина (osina)

Old Ruthenian: оси́на (osína)

Belarusian: асі́на (asína)

Ukrainian: оси́на (osýna)

Russian: оси́на (osína)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: оси́на (osína), осина (osina) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Czech: osina

Kashubian: òsëna

Old Polish: osina

Polish: osina

Polabian: visaină

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wósуnа

Upper Sorbian: wosуnа

Oleg Trubachyov
ru:Журавлёв, Анатолий Фёдорович


jьskati

b (accent-paradigm)
jьskanьje (noun-from-verb)
jьskati (infinitive)
jьskatъ (supine)
jьskalъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
jьskanъ (participle passive past)
jьščemъ (participle passive present)
jьskavъ (active participle past)
jьščę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
jьskaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
jьska (aorist second-person singular)
jьska (aorist singular third-person)
jьščǫ (first-person present singular)
jьščeši (present second-person singular)
jьščetь (present singular third-person)
jьskaxově (aorist dual first-person)
jьskasta (aorist dual second-person)
jьskaste (aorist dual third-person)
jьščevě (dual first-person present)
jьščeta (dual present second-person)
jьščete (dual present third-person)
jьskaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
jьskaste (aorist plural second-person)
jьskašę (aorist plural third-person)
jьščemъ (first-person plural present)
jьščete (plural present second-person)
jьščǫtь (plural present third-person)
jьskaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
jьskaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
jьskaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
jьšči (imperative second-person singular)
jьšči (imperative singular third-person)
jьskaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
jьskaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
jьskaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
jьščivě (dual first-person imperative)
jьščita (dual imperative second-person)
jьskaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
jьskaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
jьskaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
jьščimъ (first-person imperative plural)
jьščite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: искати (iskati)

Russian: иска́ть (iskátʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: искати (yskaty), иськати (ysʹkaty), ськати (sʹkaty)

Ukrainian: иська́ти (ysʹkáty), ська́ти (sʹkáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: искати (iskati)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: и́скам (ískam)

Macedonian: иска (iska) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ѝскати, и́скати

Latin: ìskati, ískati

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: ískati, iskáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jískati

Czech: vískat, (dialectal) ískať

Kashubian: wiskac

Polish: iskać

Slovak: ískať

Slovincian: wjiskac

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *iskāˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂i-sḱé-ti, from *h₂eys- (“to wish, desire, want”). Cognate with Lithuanian ieškóti (“to look for”) (1sg. íeškau), Latvian iẽskât (“to search for lice”), Sanskrit इच्छति (iccháti, “to long for, wish, to seek”), Avestan 𐬌𐬯𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (isaⁱti, “to seek”), Latin aeruscō (“to beg, to ask for”), Old High German eiscōn (“to investigate, to demand”), Old English āscian (“to ask”) (whence English ask), Old Armenian այց (aycʻ, “visit; search”), հայց (haycʻ, “demand, request; seeking”).


perz

Church Slavonic: прѣзъ (prězŭ) (Russian, Serbo-Croatian)

desc

→ Old East Slavic: прѣзъ (prězŭ), презъ (prezŭ)

Belarusian: праз (praz)

Ukrainian: през (prez)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: перезъ (perezŭ)

Russian: dial. пе́рез (pérez)

Ukrainian: пе́рез (pérez)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: през (prez)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: dial. през

Latin: dial. prez

West Slavic:

Old Czech: přěs

Czech: přez, přes

desctree

Old Polish: przez
Polish: przez
Silesian: przez

Slovak: prez

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: przez

Slovincian: przêz

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: přez

Lower Sorbian: pśez

From *per- + *-z by analogy of other prepositions (e.g. *bez, *jьz). Less likely comparison of -z with Lithuanian -gi : iñ-gi, iñ-g, núo-g(i) (“from”).


polmy

pòlmy (canonical masculine)
a (accent-paradigm)
pòlmy (nominative singular)
pòlmeni (dual nominative)
pòlmene (nominative plural)
pòlmene (genitive singular)
pòlmenu (dual genitive)
pòlmenъ (genitive plural)
pòlmeni (dative singular)
pòlmenьma (dative dual)
pòlmenьmъ (dative plural)
pòlmenь (accusative singular)
pòlmeni (accusative dual)
pòlmeni (accusative plural)
pòlmenьmь (instrumental singular)
pòlmenьma (dual instrumental)
pòlmenьmī (instrumental plural)
pòlmene (locative singular)
pòlmenu (dual locative)
pòlmenьxъ (locative plural)
pòlmy (singular vocative)
pòlmeni (dual vocative)
pòlmene (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: поломѧ n

Russian: по́ломя n (pólomja)

Ukrainian: полум'я n (polumʺja)

Old Novgorodian: полымѧ n

→ Russian: по́лымя (pólymja)

→ Belarusian: по́лымя (pólymja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: пламꙑ (plamy)

desc

→ Russian: пла́мень (plámenʹ), пла́мя n (plámja)

→? Carpathian Rusyn: пламень (plamenʹ)

Bulgarian: пла́мък (plámǎk), пла́мен (plámen) (Western dialects), плам (plam) (poetic)

Macedonian: пла́мен (plámen), плам (plam) (poetic)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пла̏ме̄н, пла̑м (poetic)

Latin script: plȁmēn, plȃm (poetic)

Slovene: plámen (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: plamen

Czech: plamen

Kashubian: płom

Polish: płomień

Slovak: plameň

Sorbian

Lower Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: płomjo

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *palmōns, from Proto-Indo-European *polh₁-men-, from *pelh₁- (“to burn; ash-gray”). Morphologically *pol- + *-my.
Cognate with Lithuanian pelenaĩ (“ashes”), plė́nis (“speck, fine ashes”), Latvian plẽne (“white ashes on coals”) and Old Prussian pelanne (“ashes”).


snъxa

snъxà (canonical feminine)
b (accent-paradigm)
snъxà (nominative singular)
snъ̀śě (dual nominative)
snъxỳ (nominative plural)
snъxỳ (genitive singular)
snъxù (dual genitive)
snъ̀xъ (genitive plural)
snъśě̀ (dative singular)
snъxàma (dative dual)
snъxàmъ (dative plural)
snъxǫ̀ (accusative singular)
snъ̀śě (accusative dual)
snъxỳ (accusative plural)
snъxòjǫ (instrumental singular)
snъ̀xǫ (instrumental singular)
snъxàma (dual instrumental)
snъxàmī (instrumental plural)
snъśě̀ (locative singular)
snъxù (dual locative)
snъxàsъ (locative plural)
snъxàxъ (locative plural)
snъxo (singular vocative)
snъ̀śě (dual vocative)
snъxỳ (plural vocative)
c (accent-paradigm)
snъxà (nominative singular)
snъ̏śě (dual nominative)
snъ̏xy (nominative plural)
snъxý (genitive singular)
snъxù (dual genitive)
snъ̀xъ (genitive plural)
snъśě̀ (dative singular)
snъxàma (dative dual)
snъxàmъ (dative plural)
snъ̏xǫ (accusative singular)
snъ̏śě (accusative dual)
snъ̏xy (accusative plural)
snъxojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
snъxàma (dual instrumental)
snъxàmi (instrumental plural)
snъ̏śě (locative singular)
snъxù (dual locative)
snъxàsъ (locative plural)
snъxàxъ (locative plural)
snъxo (singular vocative)
snъ̏śě (dual vocative)
snъ̏xy (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: снъха (snŭxa) (Serbian)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: снъха (snŭxa, “daughter-in-law”)

Belarusian: сныха́ (snyxá, “a lively girl”) (dialectal)

Russian: сноха́ (snoxá, “(father's) daughter-in-law”)

Old Novgorodian: снъха (snŭxa)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: снаха́ (snahá, “daughter-in-law, sister-in-law”)

Macedonian: сна́а (snáa)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сна̀ха, сна̀ја, сна́ша

Latin: snàha, snàja, snáša

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: snáha, snéha (“daughter-in-law, bride”) (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Polish: snecha (obsolete)

Kashubian: sënëcha

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *snušā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *snusós.

ętry

sister-in-law (husband's brother's wife)


mǫdrъ

mǫ̃drъ (canonical)
mǫdrъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
mǫdra (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
mǫdro (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
mǫdra (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
mǫdry (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
mǫdra (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
mǫdru (dative indefinite masculine singular)
mǫdrě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
mǫdru (dative indefinite neuter singular)
mǫdrъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
mǫdrǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
mǫdro (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
mǫdromь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
mǫdrojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
mǫdromь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
mǫdrě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
mǫdrě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
mǫdrě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
mǫdre (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
mǫdro (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
mǫdro (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
mǫdra (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
mǫdrě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
mǫdrě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
mǫdru (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
mǫdru (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
mǫdru (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
mǫdroma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
mǫdrama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
mǫdroma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
mǫdra (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
mǫdrě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
mǫdrě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
mǫdroma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
mǫdrama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
mǫdroma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
mǫdru (dual indefinite locative masculine)
mǫdru (dual feminine indefinite locative)
mǫdru (dual indefinite locative neuter)
mǫdra (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
mǫdrě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
mǫdrě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
mǫdri (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
mǫdry (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
mǫdra (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
mǫdrъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
mǫdrъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
mǫdrъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
mǫdromъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
mǫdramъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
mǫdromъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
mǫdry (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
mǫdry (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
mǫdra (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
mǫdry (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
mǫdrami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
mǫdry (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
mǫdrěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
mǫdraxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
mǫdrěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
mǫdri (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
mǫdry (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
mǫdra (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
mǫdrъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
mǫdraja (definite feminine nominative singular)
mǫdroje (definite neuter nominative singular)
mǫdrajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
mǫdryję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
mǫdrajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
mǫdrujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
mǫdrěji (dative definite feminine singular)
mǫdrujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
mǫdrъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
mǫdrǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
mǫdroje (accusative definite neuter singular)
mǫdryjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
mǫdrǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
mǫdryjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
mǫdrějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
mǫdrěji (definite feminine locative singular)
mǫdrějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
mǫdrъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
mǫdraja (definite feminine singular vocative)
mǫdroje (definite neuter singular vocative)
mǫdraja (definite dual masculine nominative)
mǫdrěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
mǫdrěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
mǫdruju (definite dual genitive masculine)
mǫdruju (definite dual feminine genitive)
mǫdruju (definite dual genitive neuter)
mǫdryjima (dative definite dual masculine)
mǫdryjima (dative definite dual feminine)
mǫdryjima (dative definite dual neuter)
mǫdraja (accusative definite dual masculine)
mǫdrěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
mǫdrěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
mǫdryjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
mǫdryjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
mǫdryjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
mǫdruju (definite dual locative masculine)
mǫdruju (definite dual feminine locative)
mǫdruju (definite dual locative neuter)
mǫdraja (definite dual masculine vocative)
mǫdrěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
mǫdrěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
mǫdriji (definite masculine nominative plural)
mǫdryję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
mǫdraja (definite neuter nominative plural)
mǫdrъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
mǫdrъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
mǫdrъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
mǫdryjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
mǫdryjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
mǫdryjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
mǫdryję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
mǫdryję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
mǫdraja (accusative definite neuter plural)
mǫdryjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
mǫdryjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
mǫdryjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
mǫdryjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
mǫdryjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
mǫdryjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
mǫdriji (definite masculine plural vocative)
mǫdryję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
mǫdraja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *mǫdrъ (hard)

Definite declension of *mǫdrъ (hard)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мудръ (mudrŭ)

Belarusian: му́дры (múdry)

Russian: му́дрый (múdryj)

Ukrainian: мудрий (mudryj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мѫдръ (mǫdrŭ)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

desc

Bulgarian: мъ́дър (mǎ́dǎr), мъ́ндър (mǎ́ndǎr) (dialectal)

Macedonian: мудар (mudar)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: му́дар

Latin script: múdar

Slovene: mọ́dər (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: múdrý

Czech: moudrý

Polish: mądry

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: mądri

Slovincian: mõdri

Silesian: mōndry

Old Slovak:

Pannonian Rusyn: мудри (mudri)

Slovak: múdry

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: mudry

Lower Sorbian: mudry

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: mândru

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *mandras, from Proto-Indo-European *mondʰh₁ros, from *mendʰh₁- + *-rós, possibly from *men- + *dʰeh₁-.
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian mañdras, mandrùs (“cheerful, lively”), Latvian modrs, možs (“cheerful, lively, alert, vigorous”).
Indo-European cognates include Proto-Germanic *mundraz (“awake; alert; eager”) (< *mn̥dʰh₁ros), Avestan 𐬨𐬄𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀- (mązdra-).
Сf. Sanskrit मेधा (medhā, “mental power, wisdom, intelligence”), Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬰𐬛𐬁 (mazdā) (< *mn̥s-dʰeh₁-).


měra

mě̀ra (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
mě̀ra (nominative singular)
mě̀rě (dual nominative)
mě̀ry (nominative plural)
mě̀ry (genitive singular)
mě̀ru (dual genitive)
mě̀rъ (genitive plural)
mě̀rě (dative singular)
mě̀rama (dative dual)
mě̀ramъ (dative plural)
mě̀rǫ (accusative singular)
mě̀rě (accusative dual)
mě̀ry (accusative plural)
mě̀rojǫ (instrumental singular)
mě̀rǭ (instrumental singular)
mě̀rama (dual instrumental)
mě̀ramī (instrumental plural)
mě̀rě (locative singular)
mě̀ru (dual locative)
mě̀rasъ (locative plural)
mě̀raxъ (locative plural)
mě̀ro (singular vocative)
mě̀rě (dual vocative)
mě̀ry (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мѣра (měra)

Belarusian: ме́ра (mjéra)

Russian: ме́ра (méra)

Ukrainian: мі́ра (míra)

desc

→ Finnic: (borrowed separately or spread)

Estonian: määr

Finnish: määrä

Ingrian: määrä

Karelian: meärä

Votic: määre

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мѣра (měra)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: мя́ра (mjára)

Macedonian: мера (mera)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ме̏ра

Latin script: mȅra

Slovene: mẹ́ra (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: miera

Czech: míra

desctree

Old Polish: miara
Polish: miara
Silesian: miara

Old Slovak: miera

Slovak: miera

Polabian: m’oro

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: miara

Slovincian: mjara

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: měra

Lower Sorbian: měra

→ Hungarian: mera

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *mḗˀrāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *meh₁-reh₂, from *meh₁- (“to measure”).
Cognate with Ancient Greek μῆτις (mêtis, “plan, ruse”), Old English mǣþ (“measure”), Sanskrit माति (mā́ti), मिमाति (mímāti, “to measure, to assign”), मात्रा (mā́trā, “measure”), Latin mētior (“to measure”), Albanian mat, mas (“to measure”).


mězga

mězga (nominative singular)
mězdzě (dual nominative)
mězgy (nominative plural)
mězgy (genitive singular)
mězgu (dual genitive)
mězgъ (genitive plural)
mězdzě (dative singular)
mězgama (dative dual)
mězgamъ (dative plural)
mězgǫ (accusative singular)
mězdzě (accusative dual)
mězgy (accusative plural)
mězgojǫ (instrumental singular)
mězgǫ (instrumental singular)
mězgama (dual instrumental)
mězgami (instrumental plural)
mězdzě (locative singular)
mězgu (dual locative)
mězgasъ (locative plural)
mězgaxъ (locative plural)
mězgo (singular vocative)
mězdzě (dual vocative)
mězgy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мѣзга (mězga)

desc

Old Ruthenian: мѣзга (mězha), мезга (mezha)

Belarusian: мязга́ (mjazhá)

⇒ Carpathian Rusyn: мiзка́ (mizká)

⇒ Ukrainian: мiзка́ (mizká)

Russian: мезга́ (mezgá)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: мъзга́ (mǎzgá)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ме́зга

Latin script: mézga

Slovene: mẹ́zgа (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: miezha

Czech: míza

Old Polish: miazga

Polish: miazga

Lesser Polish (Sidzina): ḿåzga

Slovak: miazga

Slovincian: mjozga

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: měza

Lower Sorbian: mězga

Non-Slavic:

Romanian: mâzgă

be:Аляксандр Мікалаевіч Булыка


sěti

sě̀ti (canonical imperfective)
sětьje (noun-from-verb)
sěti (infinitive)
sětъ (supine)
sělъ (l-participle)
sětъ (participle passive past)
sějemъ (participle passive present)
sěvъ (active participle past)
sěję (active participle present)
sěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sě (aorist second-person singular)
sě (aorist singular third-person)
sějǫ (first-person present singular)
sěješi (present second-person singular)
sějetь (present singular third-person)
sěxově (aorist dual first-person)
sěsta (aorist dual second-person)
sěste (aorist dual third-person)
sějevě (dual first-person present)
sějeta (dual present second-person)
sějete (dual present third-person)
sěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sěste (aorist plural second-person)
sěšę (aorist plural third-person)
sějemъ (first-person plural present)
sějete (plural present second-person)
sějǫtь (plural present third-person)
sěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sěji (imperative second-person singular)
sěji (imperative singular third-person)
sěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sějivě (dual first-person imperative)
sějita (dual imperative second-person)
sěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sějite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old Ruthenian: сѣꙗти (sějati), сѣѧти (sějati), сѣати (sěati), сеати (seati), сѣѣти (sějěti)

Belarusian: се́яць (sjéjacʹ)

Ukrainian: сі́яти (síjaty)

desctree

Russian: се́ять (séjatʹ), сѣ́ять (sě́jatʹ) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Kildin Sami: сейе (sjejje)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: сѣти (sěti), сѣꙗти (sějati), сѣати (sěati), сиѣти (sijěti), сѣѣти (sějěti)

Bulgarian: се́я (séja)

Macedonian: сее (see)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: си̏јати, се̏јати

Latin: sȉjati, sȅjati

Slovene: sejáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sieti

Czech: sít

Polabian: sejôt

Polish: siać

Slovak: siať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: seś

Upper Sorbian: syć

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sḗˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁-. Cognate with English sow, Latin serere, Latvian sẽt and Lithuanian sė́ti.


sěti

East Slavic:

Old Ruthenian: *сѣяти (*sějati), сеять (sejatʹ)

⇒ Belarusian: прасе́яць (prasjéjacʹ)

Ukrainian: сі́яти (síjaty)

Russian: (просе́ять (proséjatʹ))

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: сѣти (sěti), сѣꙗти (sějati)

Bulgarian: се́я (séja)

Macedonian: (просејува (prosejuva))

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: си̏јати

Latin script: sȉjati

Slovene: sejáti (tonal orthography)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *seˀi- / Proto-Balto-Slavic *sˀi-, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁y-. Cognate with Latvian sijāt, Lithuanian sijóti, and Ancient Greek ἠθέω (ēthéō).


vorgъ

vȏrgъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
vȏrgъ (nominative singular)
vȏrga (dual nominative)
vȏrdzi (nominative plural)
vȏrga (genitive singular)
vorgù (dual genitive)
võrgъ (genitive plural)
vȏrgu (dative singular)
vorgomà (dative dual)
vorgòmъ (dative plural)
vȏrgъ (accusative singular)
vȏrga (accusative dual)
vȏrgy (accusative plural)
vȏrgъmь (instrumental singular)
vȏrgomь (instrumental singular)
vorgomà (dual instrumental)
vorgý (instrumental plural)
vȏrdzě (locative singular)
vorgù (dual locative)
vordzě̃xъ (locative plural)
vorže (singular vocative)
vȏrga (dual vocative)
vȏrdzi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ворогъ (vorogŭ)

Old Ruthenian: ворогъ (voroh)

Belarusian: во́раг (vórah)

Carpathian Rusyn: ворог (voroh)

Ukrainian: во́рог (vóroh)

Russian: во́рог (vórog) (poetic)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: врагъ (vragŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⱃⰰⰳⱏ (vragŭ)

Bulgarian: враг (vrag)

Macedonian: враг (vrag)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: вра̑г

Latin script: vrȃg

Slovene: vrȃg (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vrah

Czech: vrah

Kashubian: warg

Old Polish: wróg

Polish: wróg

Slovak: vrah

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wróh

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wargás (“foe, enemy”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *Hwergʰ- (“to commit a crime”).


vorgъ

vòrgъ (canonical masculine)
vorgъ (nominative singular)
vorga (dual nominative)
vordzi (nominative plural)
vorga (genitive singular)
vorgu (dual genitive)
vorgъ (genitive plural)
vorgu (dative singular)
vorgoma (dative dual)
vorgomъ (dative plural)
vorgъ (accusative singular)
vorga (accusative dual)
vorgy (accusative plural)
vorgъmь (instrumental singular)
vorgomь (instrumental singular)
vorgoma (dual instrumental)
vorgy (instrumental plural)
vordzě (locative singular)
vorgu (dual locative)
vordzěxъ (locative plural)
vorže (singular vocative)
vorga (dual vocative)
vordzi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: врагъ (vragŭ)

⇒ Russian: овра́г (ovrág)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: враг (vrag, “dale, gorge; large wound”), овра́г (ovrág, “ravine”) (dialectal)

Non-Slavic:

→ Aromanian: vrag (“furrow”)

Presumably o-grade of Proto-Slavic *vergti (“to roll; to throw”), from Proto-Indo-European *werg- (“to turn”) or *wergʷ- (“to cast”). Alternatively reconstructed as Proto-Slavic *vьragъ, akin to Proto-Slavic *vьrěti (“to spring”).


pazduxa

pazduxa (nominative singular)
pazduśě (dual nominative)
pazduxy (nominative plural)
pazduxy (genitive singular)
pazduxu (dual genitive)
pazduxъ (genitive plural)
pazduśě (dative singular)
pazduxama (dative dual)
pazduxamъ (dative plural)
pazduxǫ (accusative singular)
pazduśě (accusative dual)
pazduxy (accusative plural)
pazduxojǫ (instrumental singular)
pazduxǫ (instrumental singular)
pazduxama (dual instrumental)
pazduxami (instrumental plural)
pazduśě (locative singular)
pazduxu (dual locative)
pazduxasъ (locative plural)
pazduxaxъ (locative plural)
pazduxo (singular vocative)
pazduśě (dual vocative)
pazduxy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: па́зуха (pázuxa)

Russian: па́зуха (pázuxa)

Ukrainian: па́зуха (pázuxa)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: пазоуха (pazuxa)

Glagolitic: ⱂⰰⰸⱆⱈⰰ (pazuxa)

Bulgarian: пазва (pazva) (in Eastern Bulgaria), пазуха (pazuha) (in Western Bulgaria)

Macedonian: па́зува (pázuva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пазух, пазухо

Latin: pazuh, pazuho

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: pȃzduha, pȃzdiha, pȃziha, pȃzha (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: pazucha

Polish: pazucha

Slovak: pazucha

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pōsdaušāˀ, the root of the word is ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dóws (“shoulder, clavicle”). The prepositional syllable is either the prefix *pa- (“close, secondary”) or the noun *pazъ (“cleft”). The term is a direct cognate with Latvian paduse, while further away it is related to Persian دوش (duš, “shoulder”).


ablo

àblo (canonical neuter)
a (accent-paradigm)
àblo (nominative singular)
àblě (dual nominative)
àbla (nominative plural)
àbla (genitive singular)
àblu (dual genitive)
àblъ (genitive plural)
àblu (dative singular)
àbloma (dative dual)
àblomъ (dative plural)
àblo (accusative singular)
àblě (accusative dual)
àbla (accusative plural)
àblъmь (instrumental singular)
àblomь (instrumental singular)
àbloma (dual instrumental)
àblȳ (instrumental plural)
àblě (locative singular)
àblu (dual locative)
àblě̄xъ (locative plural)
àblo (singular vocative)
àblě (dual vocative)
àbla (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: я́бло n (jáblo), я́бол m (jábol)

Slovene: jablo n, jabel m

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jablo n

Czech: jablo n (obsolete)

⇒ Old Polish: Jabłowo (toponym)

Slovincian: jablô n

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *āˀbla, o-stem neuter derivative of *āˀbōl, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl, parallel to the form with an *-u- enlargement *ablъ. Relation of *ablo to the original consonant-stem is reminiscent of the relation of *bratrъ to Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.
Cognates include Lithuanian obuolỹs, Latvian ābols, Old Prussian woble, Old High German apful, Old Irish ubull.
Pan-Slavic range of the word evidenced by derived terms.


pěvati

pěvanьje (noun-from-verb)
pěvati (infinitive)
pěvatъ (supine)
pěvalъ (l-participle)
pěvanъ (participle passive past)
pěvajemъ (participle passive present)
pěvavъ (active participle past)
pěvaję (active participle present)
pěvaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
pěva (aorist second-person singular)
pěva (aorist singular third-person)
pěvajǫ (first-person present singular)
pěvaješi (present second-person singular)
pěvajetь (present singular third-person)
pěvaxově (aorist dual first-person)
pěvasta (aorist dual second-person)
pěvaste (aorist dual third-person)
pěvajevě (dual first-person present)
pěvajeta (dual present second-person)
pěvajete (dual present third-person)
pěvaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pěvaste (aorist plural second-person)
pěvašę (aorist plural third-person)
pěvajemъ (first-person plural present)
pěvajete (plural present second-person)
pěvajǫtь (plural present third-person)
pěvaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pěvaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pěvaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pěvaji (imperative second-person singular)
pěvaji (imperative singular third-person)
pěvaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pěvaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pěvaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pěvajivě (dual first-person imperative)
pěvajita (dual imperative second-person)
pěvaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pěvaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pěvaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pěvajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
pěvajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

⇒ Belarusian: спява́ць (spjavácʹ)

Russian: пева́ть (pevátʹ)

⇒ Ukrainian: співа́ти (spiváty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: пѣвати (pěvati)

Bulgarian: пева (peva) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пје̏вати, пе̏вати, пи̏вати

Latin script: pjȅvati, pȅvati, pȉvati

Slovene: pẹ́vati

West Slavic:

Czech: zpívat

Kashubian: spiéwac

Polish: śpiewać

Silesian: śpiywać

Slovak: spievať


pętъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *pętъ (hard)

Definite declension of *pętъ (hard)

pętъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
pęta (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
pęto (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
pęta (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
pęty (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
pęta (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
pętu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
pętě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
pętu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
pętъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
pętǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
pęto (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
pętomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
pętojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
pętomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
pętě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
pętě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
pętě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
pęte (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
pęto (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
pęto (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
pęta (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
pętě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
pętě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
pętu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
pętu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
pętu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
pętoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
pętama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
pętoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
pęta (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
pętě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
pętě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
pętoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
pętama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
pętoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
pętu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
pętu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
pętu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
pęta (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
pętě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
pętě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
pęti (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
pęty (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
pęta (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
pętъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
pętъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
pętъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
pętomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
pętamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
pętomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
pęty (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
pęty (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
pęta (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
pęty (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
pętami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
pęty (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
pętěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
pętaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
pętěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
pęti (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
pęty (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
pęta (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
pętъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
pętaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
pętoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
pętajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
pętyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
pętajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
pętujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
pętěji (dative definite feminine singular)
pętujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
pętъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
pętǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
pętoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
pętyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
pętǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
pętyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
pętějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
pętěji (definite feminine locative singular)
pętějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
pętъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
pętaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
pętoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
pętaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
pętěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
pętěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
pętuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
pętuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
pętuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
pętyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
pętyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
pętyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
pętaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
pętěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
pętěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
pętyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
pętyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
pętyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
pętuju (definite dual locative masculine)
pętuju (definite dual feminine locative)
pętuju (definite dual locative neuter)
pętaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
pętěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
pętěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
pętiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
pętyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
pętaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
pętъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
pętъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
pętъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
pętyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
pętyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
pętyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
pętyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
pętyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
pętaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
pętyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
pętyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
pętyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
pętyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
pętyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
pętyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
pętiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
pętyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
pętaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: пѧтъ

Belarusian: пя́ты (pjáty)

Russian: пя́тый (pjátyj)

Carpathian Rusyn: пятый (pjatŷj)

Ukrainian: п'я́тий (pʺjátyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: пѧтъ

Glagolitic: ⱂⱔⱅⱏ (pętŭ)

Bulgarian: пе́ти (péti)

Macedonian: петти (petti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пети

Latin script: peti

Slovene: pêti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: piąti

Old Czech: pátý
Czech: pátý

desctree

Old Polish: piąty
Polish: piąty
Silesian: piōnty

Polabian: ṕǫtĕ

Slovak: piaty

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pěty

Upper Sorbian: pjaty


brujati

brujanьje (noun-from-verb)
brujati (infinitive)
brujatъ (supine)
brujalъ (l-participle)
brujanъ (participle passive past)
brujemъ (participle passive present)
brujavъ (active participle past)
bruję (active participle present)
brujaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
bruja (aorist second-person singular)
bruja (aorist singular third-person)
brujǫ (first-person present singular)
bruješi (present second-person singular)
brujetь (present singular third-person)
brujaxově (aorist dual first-person)
brujasta (aorist dual second-person)
brujaste (aorist dual third-person)
brujevě (dual first-person present)
brujeta (dual present second-person)
brujete (dual present third-person)
brujaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
brujaste (aorist plural second-person)
brujašę (aorist plural third-person)
brujemъ (first-person plural present)
brujete (plural present second-person)
brujǫtь (plural present third-person)
brujaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
brujaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
brujaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bruji (imperative second-person singular)
bruji (imperative singular third-person)
brujaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
brujaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
brujaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
brujivě (dual first-person imperative)
brujita (dual imperative second-person)
brujaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
brujaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
brujaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
brujimъ (first-person imperative plural)
brujite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: бруя́ть (brujátʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бру́јати

Latin script: brújati

Of onomatopoeic origin or possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- (“to incite, to spring”), whence Lithuanian bráuti (“to press, to push”). Georgiev has considered possible relation to Ancient Greek βρύω (brúō, “to gush forth, to burst”), which is dismissed by Trubačev (ESSJa).

cog

brujiti

*bruja (“riffle, vibration; rapid, torrent (of flowing water)”)


męso

mę̑so (canonical neuter)
c (accent-paradigm)
mę̑so (nominative singular)
mę̑sě (dual nominative)
męsà (nominative plural)
mę̑sa (genitive singular)
męsù (dual genitive)
mę̃sъ (genitive plural)
mę̑su (dative singular)
męsomà (dative dual)
męsòmъ (dative plural)
mę̑so (accusative singular)
mę̑sě (accusative dual)
męsà (accusative plural)
mę̑sъmь (instrumental singular)
mę̑somь (instrumental singular)
męsomà (dual instrumental)
męsý (instrumental plural)
mę̑sě (locative singular)
męsù (dual locative)
męsě̃xъ (locative plural)
mę̑so (singular vocative)
mę̑sě (dual vocative)
męsà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: мя́са (mjása)

Russian: мя́со (mjáso), Russian: мя́хо (mjáxo) (Pskov)

Carpathian Rusyn: мнясо (mnjaso)

Ukrainian: м'я́со (mʺjáso)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мѧсо

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: месо́ (mesó), ме́нцу (méncu) (dialectal)

Macedonian: ме́со (méso)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ме̑со

Latin script: mȇso

Slovene: mesọ̑ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: maso

Czech: maso

Bohemian (Chod dialect): maso

Kashubian: miãso

Polabian: mąsi

Polish: mięso

Silesian: miynso

Slovak: mäso

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: mjaso

Lower Sorbian: měso

An o-stem noun back-formed from *mēnsā́ˀ, the plural of Proto-Balto-Slavic *mḗns, from Proto-Indo-European *mḗms.


dorgъ

dȏrgъ (canonical)
dorgъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
dorga (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
dorgo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
dorga (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
dorgy (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
dorga (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
dorgu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
dordzě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
dorgu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
dorgъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
dorgǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
dorgo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
dorgomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
dorgojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
dorgomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
dordzě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
dordzě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
dordzě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
dorže (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
dorgo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
dorgo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
dorga (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
dordzě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
dordzě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
dorgu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
dorgu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
dorgu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
dorgoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
dorgama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
dorgoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
dorga (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
dordzě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
dordzě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
dorgoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
dorgama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
dorgoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
dorgu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
dorgu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
dorgu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
dorga (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
dordzě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
dordzě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
dordzi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
dorgy (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
dorga (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
dorgъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
dorgъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
dorgъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
dorgomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
dorgamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
dorgomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
dorgy (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
dorgy (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
dorga (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
dorgy (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
dorgami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
dorgy (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
dordzěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
dorgaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
dordzěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
dordzi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
dorgy (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
dorga (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
dorgъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
dorgaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
dorgoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
dorgajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
dorgyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
dorgajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
dorgujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
dordzěji (dative definite feminine singular)
dorgujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
dorgъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
dorgǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
dorgoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
dorgyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
dorgǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
dorgyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
dordzějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
dordzěji (definite feminine locative singular)
dordzějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
dorgъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
dorgaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
dorgoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
dorgaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
dordzěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
dordzěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
dorguju (definite dual genitive masculine)
dorguju (definite dual feminine genitive)
dorguju (definite dual genitive neuter)
dorgyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
dorgyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
dorgyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
dorgaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
dordzěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
dordzěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
dorgyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
dorgyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
dorgyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
dorguju (definite dual locative masculine)
dorguju (definite dual feminine locative)
dorguju (definite dual locative neuter)
dorgaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
dordzěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
dordzěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
dordziji (definite masculine nominative plural)
dorgyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
dorgaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
dorgъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
dorgъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
dorgъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
dorgyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
dorgyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
dorgyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
dorgyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
dorgyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
dorgaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
dorgyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
dorgyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
dorgyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
dorgyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
dorgyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
dorgyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
dordziji (definite masculine plural vocative)
dorgyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
dorgaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *dorgъ (hard)

Definite declension of *dorgъ (hard)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: дарагі́ (darahí)

Russian: дорого́й (dorogój)

Russenorsk: dorgli

Ukrainian: дороги́й (dorohýj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: драгъ (dragŭ)

→ Russian: драго́й (dragój)

→ Romanian: drag

→ Hungarian: drága

Bulgarian: драг (drag)

Macedonian: драг (drag)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дра̑г

Latin script: drȃg

Slovene: drȃg (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: drahý
Czech: drahý

desctree

Old Polish: drogi
Polish: drogi
Silesian: drogi

Slovak: drahý

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: drodżi

Slovincian: drôgjy

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: drogi

Upper Sorbian: drohi

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dargás (whence Latvian dārgs, Latgalian duorgs, Old Prussian Darge, Dargel (personal name)), of unclear origin:
* Berneker, Mladenov: Possibly related to Lithuanian derėti (“to suit, to fit”), Latvian derêt (“to comply”) from Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to tear, to slice”) or *dʰer- (“to perform, to make”). Suffix *-gъ perhaps the same as in Proto-Slavic *bolgъ (“gentle, noble”) - *boľьjь (“greater, better”), *dьlgъ (“long”) - *dьľьjь (“longer”).
* Trubachev (ESSJa): From the same root as Proto-Slavic *dьržati (“to hold”) from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to sustain, to hold”), with original meaning “dearly held, adorn”.

doržьba

*doržiti (“to hold dear, to esteem, to value”)


čadъ

čàdъ (canonical)
čȃdъ (canonical masculine)
a (accent-paradigm)
čàdъ (nominative singular)
čàda (dual nominative)
čàdi (nominative plural)
čàda (genitive singular)
čàdu (dual genitive)
čàdъ (genitive plural)
čàdu (dative singular)
čàdoma (dative dual)
čàdomъ (dative plural)
čàdъ (accusative singular)
čàda (accusative dual)
čàdy (accusative plural)
čàdъmь (instrumental singular)
čàdomь (instrumental singular)
čàdoma (dual instrumental)
čàdȳ (instrumental plural)
čàdě (locative singular)
čàdu (dual locative)
čàdě̄xъ (locative plural)
čàde (singular vocative)
čàda (dual vocative)
čàdi (plural vocative)
c (accent-paradigm)
čȃdъ (nominative singular)
čȃda (dual nominative)
čȃdi (nominative plural)
čȃda (genitive singular)
čadù (dual genitive)
čãdъ (genitive plural)
čȃdu (dative singular)
čadomà (dative dual)
čadòmъ (dative plural)
čȃdъ (accusative singular)
čȃda (accusative dual)
čȃdy (accusative plural)
čȃdъmь (instrumental singular)
čȃdomь (instrumental singular)
čadomà (dual instrumental)
čadý (instrumental plural)
čȃdě (locative singular)
čadù (dual locative)
čadě̃xъ (locative plural)
čade (singular vocative)
čȃda (dual vocative)
čȃdi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: чад (čad)

Russian: чад (čad)

Ukrainian: чад (čad)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: чад (čad)

Macedonian: чад (čad)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: чад

Latin script: čad

Slovene: čad

West Slavic:

Czech: čad

Polabian: cod

Polish: czad

Slovak: čad

Slovincian: czod

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷed-o-, *kʷeh₁dʰ-o- or *kʷēdʰ-o-. Formally reminiscent of Proto-Germanic *hwataz (“quick, keen”), *hwētaną (“to assault”).


dъždžь

dъ̀ždžь (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
dъ̀ždžь (nominative singular)
dъždžà (dual nominative)
dъždžì (nominative plural)
dъždžà (genitive singular)
dъždžù (dual genitive)
dъ̀ždžь (genitive plural)
dъždžù (dative singular)
dъždžèma (dative dual)
dъ̀ždžemъ (dative plural)
dъ̀ždžь (accusative singular)
dъždžà (accusative dual)
dъždžę̇̀ (accusative plural)
dъždžь̀mь (instrumental singular)
dъždžèmь (instrumental singular)
dъždžèma (dual instrumental)
dъ̀ždži (instrumental plural)
dъždžì (locative singular)
dъždžù (dual locative)
dъ̀ždžixъ (locative plural)
dъždžu (singular vocative)
dъždžà (dual vocative)
dъždžì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: *дъжджь (*dŭždžĭ)
Old Ruthenian: дожджъ (doždž)
Belarusian: до́ждж (dóždž)
Carpathian Rusyn: додж (dodž)
Ukrainian: дощ (došč); дож (dož), дождж (doždž), дорщ (doršč), дош (doš), дищ (dyšč) (dialectal)
Russian: дожж (dožž) (obsolete)

Old Pskovian: дъжгь (dŭžgĭ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⰴⱏⰶⰴⱐ (dŭždĭ)

Old Cyrillic script: дъждь (dŭždĭ)

Serbo-Croatian: (archaic)

Cyrillic (Dubrovnik): да̏жд

Latin (Dubrovnik): dȁžd

Slovene: də̏ž (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: déšč

Czech: déšť

Polabian: dåzd

Old Polish: deżdż
Polish: deszcz
Silesian: dyszcz

desc

Old Slovak: dážď, déšť, dóžď, dišt, dišč

Pannonian Rusyn: диждж (diždž)

Slovak: dážď

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: deszcz

Slovincian: deszcz

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: dešć

Lower Sorbian: dešć

Uncertain, *ždž (*šč) can be derived from *zd (*st) and *zg (*sk):
* *dusdjos: From Proto-Indo-European *dus-dyu-, a compound of *dus- (“bad”) + *dyu- (“sky”).
** Compare Sanskrit दुर्दिन (durdina, “rain, shower”), Ancient Greek εὐδία (eudía, “fair weather”).
* *duzgjo-: From **dъždžati, **dъždžitь + *-ь.
** Related to Lithuanian duzgė́ti (“to rumble?, buzz?”), duzgénti.
** See also *mъrskati, *mъrščati, *mъrždžiti, *pъrskati, *polskati, *pľuskati, *bučiti, *bučati, *buča, *bučadlo, *buriti, *buřa.
* *duskjos: From **dъščati, **dъščitь + *-ь or **dъskati/**dъsknǫti + *-jь.
** Related to Norwegian duskregn (“drizzling rain”), det dusker, Swedish regndusk (“drizzling rain”), dusk, dúska, Bavarian dusel (“drizzle?”). Further related to Norwegian dysja or dust (“dust”) < *dʰewh₂-.
** See also *mižati, *mьžati, *mьžiti, *mьža, *mьžica, *mьžika, *mьga, *mьgla (< *h₃meygʰ-, ?*h₃meyǵʰ-), *mьrknǫti, *mьrčiti, *morčiti, Czech pršeti, Bulgarian ситен дъжд (siten dǎžd).


voňati

voňàti (canonical)
voňanьje (noun-from-verb)
voňati (infinitive)
voňatъ (supine)
voňalъ (l-participle)
voňanъ (participle passive past)
voňajemъ (participle passive present)
voňavъ (active participle past)
voňaję (active participle present)
voňaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
voňa (aorist second-person singular)
voňa (aorist singular third-person)
voňajǫ (first-person present singular)
voňaješi (present second-person singular)
voňajetь (present singular third-person)
voňaxově (aorist dual first-person)
voňasta (aorist dual second-person)
voňaste (aorist dual third-person)
voňajevě (dual first-person present)
voňajeta (dual present second-person)
voňajete (dual present third-person)
voňaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
voňaste (aorist plural second-person)
voňašę (aorist plural third-person)
voňajemъ (first-person plural present)
voňajete (plural present second-person)
voňajǫtь (plural present third-person)
voňaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
voňaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
voňaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
voňaji (imperative second-person singular)
voňaji (imperative singular third-person)
voňaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
voňaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
voňaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
voňajivě (dual first-person imperative)
voňajita (dual imperative second-person)
voňaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
voňaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
voňaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
voňajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
voňajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вонꙗти (vonjati), вонѧти

desc

Belarusian: ваня́ць (vanjácʹ, “to stink”)

Russian: воня́ть (vonjátʹ, “to stink”)

Ukrainian: воня́ти (vonjáty, “to stink”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic вонꙗти (vonjati)

Glagolitic: ⰲⱁⱀⱑⱅⰻ (voněti)

Bulgarian: воня́ (vonjá)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: во̀њати

Latin script: vònjati

Slovene: vonjáti

West Slavic:

Old Czech: voněti

Czech: vonět

Old Polish: woniać

Polish: wonieć

Silesian: wōniać

Slovak: voňať


vidla

vidla (nominative singular)
vidlě (dual nominative)
vidly (nominative plural)
vidly (genitive singular)
vidlu (dual genitive)
vidlъ (genitive plural)
vidlě (dative singular)
vidlama (dative dual)
vidlamъ (dative plural)
vidlǫ (accusative singular)
vidlě (accusative dual)
vidly (accusative plural)
vidlojǫ (instrumental singular)
vidlǫ (instrumental singular)
vidlama (dual instrumental)
vidlami (instrumental plural)
vidlě (locative singular)
vidlu (dual locative)
vidlasъ (locative plural)
vidlaxъ (locative plural)
vidlo (singular vocative)
vidlě (dual vocative)
vidly (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вила (vila)

Belarusian: ві́ла (víla), ві́лы pl (víly), відэ́лец (vidéljec, “fork”), ві́лка (vílka, “fork”)

Russian: ви́ла f (víla), ви́лы pl (víly), ви́лка (vílka, “fork”)

Ukrainian: ви́ла (výla), ви́лка (výlka, “fork”), виде́лка (vydélka, “fork”)

Old Novgorodian: вигла (vigla)

→ Estonian: vigl

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ви́ла f (víla), ви́лица (vílica), ви́лка (vílka)

Macedonian: вила (vila), вилушка (viluška, “fork”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ви̏ле̄ pl, виљушка, ви̏лица

Latin script: vȉlē pl, viljuška, vȉlica

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: víle, vílice pl (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vidly

Czech: vidle pl

Bohemian (Chod dialect): bídle

Moravian (Mistřice): vidu̯i

Kashubian: widłë pl

Old Polish: widły pl

Polish: widły pl

Slovak: vidly pl, vidlička (“fork”)

Sorbian:

desc

Upper Sorbian: widły pl, widlički pl (“fork”)

Lower Sorbian: widły pl, widlicki pl

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: villa

Probably originally plural form of *vidlo, from *viti (“to bend, twist”) + *-dlo.


sъmьrtь

sъmьrtь (nominative singular)
sъmьrti (dual nominative)
sъmьrti (nominative plural)
sъmьrti (genitive singular)
sъmьrtьju (dual genitive)
sъmьrťu (dual genitive)
sъmьrtьjь (genitive plural)
sъmьrti (genitive plural)
sъmьrti (dative singular)
sъmьrtьma (dative dual)
sъmьrtьmъ (dative plural)
sъmьrtь (accusative singular)
sъmьrti (accusative dual)
sъmьrti (accusative plural)
sъmьrtьjǫ (instrumental singular)
sъmьrťǫ (instrumental singular)
sъmьrtьma (dual instrumental)
sъmьrtьmi (instrumental plural)
sъmьrti (locative singular)
sъmьrtьju (dual locative)
sъmьrťu (dual locative)
sъmьrtьxъ (locative plural)
sъmьrti (singular vocative)
sъmьrti (dual vocative)
sъmьrti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: съмьрть (sŭmĭrtĭ)

Belarusian: смерць (smjercʹ)

Russian: смерть (smertʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: смерть (smertʹ)

Ukrainian: смерть (smertʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: съмрьть (sŭmrĭtĭ)

Glagolitic: ⱄⱏⰿⱃⱐⱅⱐ (sŭmrĭtĭ)

Bulgarian: смърт (smǎrt)

Macedonian: смрт (smrt)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: смр̏т

Latin script: smȑt

Slovene: smȓt (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: smrt
Czech: smrt

desctree

Old Polish: śmierć
Polish: śmierć
Silesian: śmierć

Old Slovak: smerť, smrť

Pannonian Rusyn: шмерц (šmerc)

Slovak: smrť

Polabian: såmart

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: smierc

Slovincian: smjêrc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: smjerć

Lower Sorbian: smjerś

From *sъ- + *mьrtь, the second element from Proto-Balto-Slavic *mirtís, from Proto-Indo-European *mértis.


nožь

nòžь (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
nòžь (nominative singular)
nožà (dual nominative)
nožì (nominative plural)
nožà (genitive singular)
nožù (dual genitive)
nòžь (genitive plural)
nožù (dative singular)
nožèma (dative dual)
nòžemъ (dative plural)
nòžь (accusative singular)
nožà (accusative dual)
nožę̇̀ (accusative plural)
nožь̀mь (instrumental singular)
nožèmь (instrumental singular)
nožèma (dual instrumental)
nòži (instrumental plural)
nožì (locative singular)
nožù (dual locative)
nòžixъ (locative plural)
nožu (singular vocative)
nožà (dual vocative)
nožì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ножь (nožĭ)

Old Ruthenian: ножъ (nož)
Belarusian: нож (nož)
Carpathian Rusyn: нуж (nuž)
Ukrainian: ніж (niž)

Russian: нож (nož)

→ Latvian: nazis

Old Novgorodian: ножь (nožĭ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: ножь (nožĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱀⱁⰶⱐ (nožĭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: но̑ж

Latin script: nȏž

Slovene: nȍž (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: nóž

Czech: nůž

Polabian: nüz

Polish: nóż

Slovak: nôž

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: nóż

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: nož

Lower Sorbian: nož

From *noziti + *-jь, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁noǵʰyo-.
Probable cognates include Ancient Greek νύσσω (nússō), Attic Ancient Greek νύττω (núttō), Ancient Greek ἔγχος (énkhos, “spear”), and perhaps Old Irish ness. According to Vasmer, cognate with Avestan 𐬥𐬀𐬉𐬰𐬀 (naēza), Latin nectō (“I bind, tie”), and Sanskrit नह्यति (nahyati, “to bind, tie”). These are all phonetically difficult to justify, however. According to Trubachyov, cognate with Lithuanian knẽžas (“knife”). This is unlikely due to the lack of an initial k- in Proto-Slavic.


berstъ

bẽrstъ (canonical)
bȇrstъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
bẽrstъ (nominative singular)
bērstà (dual nominative)
bērstì (nominative plural)
bērstà (genitive singular)
bērstù (dual genitive)
bẽrstъ (genitive plural)
bērstù (dative singular)
bērstòma (dative dual)
bērstòmъ (dative plural)
bẽrstъ (accusative singular)
bērstà (accusative dual)
bērstỳ (accusative plural)
bērstъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
bērstòmь (instrumental singular)
bērstòma (dual instrumental)
bẽrsty (instrumental plural)
bērstě̀ (locative singular)
bērstù (dual locative)
bẽrstěxъ (locative plural)
berste (singular vocative)
bērstà (dual vocative)
bērstì (plural vocative)
c (accent-paradigm)
bȇrstъ (nominative singular)
bȇrsta (dual nominative)
bȇrsti (nominative plural)
bȇrsta (genitive singular)
berstù (dual genitive)
bẽrstъ (genitive plural)
bȇrstu (dative singular)
berstomà (dative dual)
berstòmъ (dative plural)
bȇrstъ (accusative singular)
bȇrsta (accusative dual)
bȇrsty (accusative plural)
bȇrstъmь (instrumental singular)
bȇrstomь (instrumental singular)
berstomà (dual instrumental)
berstý (instrumental plural)
bȇrstě (locative singular)
berstù (dual locative)
berstě̃xъ (locative plural)
berste (singular vocative)
bȇrsta (dual vocative)
bȇrsti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old Belarusian: берестъ (berest)

Belarusian: бе́раст (bjérast)

Russian: бе́рест (bérest)

Ukrainian: бе́рест (bérest)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: брѣстъ (brěstŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰱⱃⱑⱄⱅⱏ (brěstŭ)

desc

Bulgarian: бряст (brjast), брест (brest)

Macedonian: брест (brest)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: брест, бријест

Latin script: brest, brijest

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: brẹ̄st, brȅst (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: břěst

Czech: břest

Polish: brzost

Slovak: brest

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: brěšć

Upper Sorbian:

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *berˀźtas, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵ-tó-s, from *bʰerHǵós (“birch”).


orbъ

õrbъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
õrbъ (nominative singular)
ōrbà (dual nominative)
ōrbì (nominative plural)
ōrbà (genitive singular)
ōrbù (dual genitive)
õrbъ (genitive plural)
ōrbù (dative singular)
ōrbòma (dative dual)
ōrbòmъ (dative plural)
õrbъ (accusative singular)
ōrbà (accusative dual)
ōrbỳ (accusative plural)
ōrbъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
ōrbòmь (instrumental singular)
ōrbòma (dual instrumental)
õrby (instrumental plural)
ōrbě̀ (locative singular)
ōrbù (dual locative)
õrběxъ (locative plural)
orbe (singular vocative)
ōrbà (dual vocative)
ōrbì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: робъ (robŭ)

Old Ruthenian: робъ (rob)

Ukrainian: роб (rob)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: рабъ (rabŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱃⰰⰱⱏ (rabŭ)

Bulgarian: раб (rab)

Macedonian: раб (rab)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ра̏б

Latin script: rȁb

West Slavic:

Old Czech: rob

Czech: rob

Slovak: (dialectal) rob

→ Bulgarian: роб (rob)

→ Macedonian: роб (rob)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: роб

Latin script: rob

→ Slovene: rob

Non-Slavic:

desctree

→ Hungarian: rab
→ Old Slovak: rab
Slovak: rab

→ Romanian: rob

PIE word
 *h₃órbʰos
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *árbas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃órbʰos (“orphan”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὀρφανός (orphanós, “orphaned”), Latin orbus (“orphaned”), Old Armenian որբ (orb, “orphan; orphaned”) and Sanskrit अर्भ (árbha, “child; small”). Per Derksen, probably also cognate with Proto-Germanic *arbaidiz.


stьbľь

stьbľь (nominative singular)
stьbľa (dual nominative)
stьbľi (nominative plural)
stьbľa (genitive singular)
stьbľu (dual genitive)
stьbľь (genitive plural)
stьbľu (dative singular)
stьbľema (dative dual)
stьbľemъ (dative plural)
stьbľь (accusative singular)
stьbľa (accusative dual)
stьbľę̇ (accusative plural)
stьbľьmь (instrumental singular)
stьbľemь (instrumental singular)
stьbľema (dual instrumental)
stьbľi (instrumental plural)
stьbľi (locative singular)
stьbľu (dual locative)
stьbľixъ (locative plural)
stьbľu (singular vocative)
stьbľa (dual vocative)
stьbľi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: стьбль (stĭblĭ), стебль (steblĭ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: стьбль (stĭblĭ), стьпль (stĭplĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱅⱐⰱⰾⱐ (stĭblĭ), ⱄⱅⱐⱂⰾⱐ (stĭplĭ)

West Slavic:

Old Polish: zdeb

Kashubian: steb

From *stьbljь < *stьbjь < *stьbъ (“stem, stalk, trunk; cane, reed, rush”) + *-jь.


židъ

a (accent-paradigm)
žìdъ (nominative singular)
žìdy (dual nominative)
žìdove (nominative plural)
žìdu (genitive singular)
žìdovu (dual genitive)
žìdovъ (genitive plural)
žìdovi (dative singular)
žìdъma (dative dual)
žìdъmъ (dative plural)
žìdъ (accusative singular)
žìdy (accusative dual)
žìdy (accusative plural)
žìdъmь (instrumental singular)
žìdъma (dual instrumental)
žìdъmī (instrumental plural)
žìdū (locative singular)
žìdovu (dual locative)
žìdъxъ (locative plural)
žìdu (singular vocative)
žìdy (dual vocative)
žìdove (plural vocative)
a (accent-paradigm)
žìdъ (nominative singular)
žìda (dual nominative)
žìdi (nominative plural)
žìda (genitive singular)
žìdu (dual genitive)
žìdъ (genitive plural)
žìdu (dative singular)
žìdoma (dative dual)
žìdomъ (dative plural)
žìdъ (accusative singular)
žìda (accusative dual)
žìdy (accusative plural)
žìdъmь (instrumental singular)
žìdomь (instrumental singular)
žìdoma (dual instrumental)
žìdȳ (instrumental plural)
žìdě (locative singular)
žìdu (dual locative)
žìdě̄xъ (locative plural)
žìde (singular vocative)
žìda (dual vocative)
žìdi (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

desc

Old Cyrillic script: жидовинъ (židovinŭ)

Unspecified script:

Bulgarian: жид (žid)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жи̏д, жидов, Жи̏д, Жидов

Latin script: žȉd, židov, Žȉd, Židov

→ Old Hungarian: sydou

Hungarian: zsidó

Slovene: žȉd, Žȉd (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: žid, Žid

Czech: žid, Žid

→ Old Polish: żyd, Żyd

Polish: żyd, Żyd

→ Polabian: zaid

→ Lithuanian: žỹdas

→ Slovak: žid, Žid

→Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: žyd, Žyd

Lower Sorbian: žid, Žid

Likely through some Balkan Romance dialect, from Old Italian giudeo, from Latin iūdaeus.
The secondary meaning giant/mythical person is likely derived from the meaning Jew based on the Biblical tradition that Jews were the "chosen people" by God. Vasmer, nonetheless, presumes a native origin (see dial. Russian жиди (židi)).

→ (by generalization) mythical creature


ǫgъlъ

ǫ̑gъlъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
ǫ̑gъlъ (nominative singular)
ǫ̑gъla (dual nominative)
ǫ̑gъli (nominative plural)
ǫ̑gъla (genitive singular)
ǫgъlù (dual genitive)
ǫgъ̀lъ (genitive plural)
ǫ̑gъlu (dative singular)
ǫgъlomà (dative dual)
ǫgъlòmъ (dative plural)
ǫ̑gъlъ (accusative singular)
ǫ̑gъla (accusative dual)
ǫ̑gъly (accusative plural)
ǫ̑gъlъmь (instrumental singular)
ǫ̑gъlomь (instrumental singular)
ǫgъlomà (dual instrumental)
ǫgъlý (instrumental plural)
ǫ̑gъlě (locative singular)
ǫgъlù (dual locative)
ǫgъlě̃xъ (locative plural)
ǫgъle (singular vocative)
ǫ̑gъla (dual vocative)
ǫ̑gъli (plural vocative)

East Slavic: оугълъ (ugŭlŭ), оуглъ (uglŭ)

Belarusian: ву́гал (vúhal)

Russian: у́гол (úgol)

Ukrainian: ву́гол (vúhol)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ѫгълъ (ǫgŭlŭ)

Bulgarian: ъ́гъл (ǎ́gǎl)

Macedonian: агол (agol)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: у̏гал (dialectal) → у̏гао

Roman: ȕgal (dialectal) → ȕgao, vugel (Kajkavian)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: ọ́gəł, vogȃł (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: úhel

Czech: úhel

Kashubian: wãgł

Old Polish: węgieł

Polish: węgieł

Old Slovak: uhel, uhol

Pannonian Rusyn: угел (uhel)

Slovak: uhol

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: nugeł

Upper Sorbian: nuhl

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ángulas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éngulos, equivalent to *h₂eng- + *-ъlъ. From the same Indo-European root also *ǫkotь and *paǫkъ (“spider”).
Cognate with Latin angulus, Sanskrit अङ्गुरि (aṅgúri, “finger, toe”), Ancient Greek ἀγκύλος (ankúlos, “crooked, curved”), and Proto-Germanic *ankulaz (“ankle, hip”).