morzъ

mòrzъ (canonical masculine)
a (accent-paradigm)
mòrzъ (nominative singular)
mòrza (dual nominative)
mòrzi (nominative plural)
mòrza (genitive singular)
mòrzu (dual genitive)
mòrzъ (genitive plural)
mòrzu (dative singular)
mòrzoma (dative dual)
mòrzomъ (dative plural)
mòrzъ (accusative singular)
mòrza (accusative dual)
mòrzy (accusative plural)
mòrzъmь (instrumental singular)
mòrzomь (instrumental singular)
mòrzoma (dual instrumental)
mòrzȳ (instrumental plural)
mòrzě (locative singular)
mòrzu (dual locative)
mòrzě̄xъ (locative plural)
mòrze (singular vocative)
mòrza (dual vocative)
mòrzi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: морозъ (morozŭ)

Old Ruthenian: моро́зъ (moróz)

Belarusian: маро́з (maróz)

Carpathian Rusyn: мо́роз (móroz)

desc

Ukrainian: моро́з (moróz); мо́роз (móroz) (Uzhanian dialects and dial. of Slovakia)

Russian: моро́з (moróz)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мразъ (mrazŭ)

Bulgarian: мраз (mraz)

Macedonian: мраз (mraz)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мра̏з

Latin script: mrȁz

Slovene: mrȁz (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mráz

Czech: mráz

Polabian: morz

Polish: mróz

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: mróz, marz

Old Slovak:

Pannonian Rusyn: мраз (mraz)

Slovak: mráz

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: mróz

Lower Sorbian: mroz

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *márźas, from Proto-Indo-European *mórǵ-o-s, from *mórǵ-. Cognate with Albanian mardhë f (“frost”).


ezero

ȅzero (canonical neuter)
c (accent-paradigm)
ȅzero (nominative singular)
ȅzerě (dual nominative)
ezerà (nominative plural)
ȅzera (genitive singular)
ezerù (dual genitive)
ezèrъ (genitive plural)
ȅzeru (dative singular)
ezeromà (dative dual)
ezeròmъ (dative plural)
ȅzero (accusative singular)
ȅzerě (accusative dual)
ezerà (accusative plural)
ȅzerъmь (instrumental singular)
ȅzeromь (instrumental singular)
ezeromà (dual instrumental)
ezerý (instrumental plural)
ȅzerě (locative singular)
ezerù (dual locative)
ezerě̃xъ (locative plural)
ȅzero (singular vocative)
ȅzerě (dual vocative)
ezerà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: озеро (ozero)

desc

Old Ruthenian: о́зеро (ózero), во́зеро (vózero)

Belarusian: во́зера (vózjera)

Ukrainian: о́зеро (ózero)

Russian: о́зеро (ózero); о́зер (ózer) (dialectal)

→ Yiddish: אָזערע (ozere)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ѥзєро (jezero)

Bulgarian: е́зеро (ézero), е́зер (ézer) (Sofia dialect)

Macedonian: езеро (ezero)

→ Old East Slavic: езеро (ezero)

Old Ruthenian: єзеро (jezero)

→ Romanian: iezer

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: је̏зеро

Latin script: jȅzero

Slovene: jẹ̑zero (tonal orthography), jẹ̑zer

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jezero

Czech: jezero

Old Polish: jeziero

Polish: jezioro

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: jezoro

Slovincian: jêzôrô

Slovak: jazero

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: jazoro

Upper Sorbian: jězor

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *éźera.


xodъ

xȍdъ (canonical)
xòdъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
xȍdъ (nominative singular)
xȍda (dual nominative)
xȍdi (nominative plural)
xȍda (genitive singular)
xodù (dual genitive)
xòdъ (genitive plural)
xȍdu (dative singular)
xodomà (dative dual)
xodòmъ (dative plural)
xȍdъ (accusative singular)
xȍda (accusative dual)
xȍdy (accusative plural)
xȍdъmь (instrumental singular)
xȍdomь (instrumental singular)
xodomà (dual instrumental)
xodý (instrumental plural)
xȍdě (locative singular)
xodù (dual locative)
xodě̃xъ (locative plural)
xode (singular vocative)
xȍda (dual vocative)
xȍdi (plural vocative)
b (accent-paradigm)
xòdъ (nominative singular)
xodà (dual nominative)
xodì (nominative plural)
xodà (genitive singular)
xodù (dual genitive)
xòdъ (genitive plural)
xodù (dative singular)
xodòma (dative dual)
xodòmъ (dative plural)
xòdъ (accusative singular)
xodà (accusative dual)
xodỳ (accusative plural)
xodъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
xodòmь (instrumental singular)
xodòma (dual instrumental)
xòdy (instrumental plural)
xodě̀ (locative singular)
xodù (dual locative)
xòděxъ (locative plural)
xode (singular vocative)
xodà (dual vocative)
xodì (plural vocative)

Frederik Kortlandt
Rick Derksen
Sergei Nikolaev
Vladimir Dybo
Winter's law
ruki sound law

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: ходъ (xodŭ), хода (xoda)

Belarusian: ход (xod)

Russian: ход (xod), хода (xoda)

Ukrainian: хід (xid), хода (xoda)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ходъ (xodŭ)

Bulgarian: ход (hod)

Macedonian: од (od)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: хо̑д

Latin script: hȏd

(Sali): xọ̑d

(Susak): xu̯ȏt

Old Slovene: hod

Slovene: hȍd (tonal orthography)

(Črni Vrh village): xȗət

West Slavic:

Kashubian: chód

Old Czech: chod
Czech: chod

desctree

Old Polish: chód
Polish: chód
Silesian: chōd

Slovak: chod

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: chód, choda

Lower Sorbian: chód

* Accent paradigm c:
According to Rick Derksen, from Proto-Indo-European *sodós, from Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὁδός (hodós, “way”).
Sergei Nikolaev believes that the comparison is “tempting, but unfounded phonetically,” which does not contradict the analogy in any way: The form has initial *x by analogy with derived words beginning with the prefixes *per-, *pri-, *u-, in which *s shifted to *x by the ruki sound law. But contradicts the Winter’s law.
According to Vladimir Dybo, the form is borrowed from Iranian (Dybo 2002: 479).
Frederik Kortlandt believes that the hypothesis of borrowing from Iranian is “semantically implausible” and the form goes back to *xodìti (Kortlandt 2007: 1). However, according to Nikolaev, it is accentologically implausible. According to ESSJa, reverse derivation is impossible, which supports the accentological argument.
* Accent paradigm b:
Some dialect groups make it possible to reconstruct the semantic-accentuation pair: *xȍdъ, gen. *xȍda and *xòdъ, gen. *xodà. For example, this semantic-accentuation pair is represented in the Posozhko-Pripyat dialect: xod, gen. xódu, instr. xódom ~ xod, gen. xodá, instr. xodóm. Most other dialects usually retain one variant of the semantic-accentuation pair.
According to Nikolaev, the form is a secondary deverbative of *xodìti (Nikolaev 2012: 98).

motion, movement (towards an accent paradigm c)

passage, place of moving forward (towards an accent paradigm b)


mьčьta

mьčьta (nominative singular)
mьčьtě (dual nominative)
mьčьty (nominative plural)
mьčьty (genitive singular)
mьčьtu (dual genitive)
mьčьtъ (genitive plural)
mьčьtě (dative singular)
mьčьtama (dative dual)
mьčьtamъ (dative plural)
mьčьtǫ (accusative singular)
mьčьtě (accusative dual)
mьčьty (accusative plural)
mьčьtojǫ (instrumental singular)
mьčьtǫ (instrumental singular)
mьčьtama (dual instrumental)
mьčьtami (instrumental plural)
mьčьtě (locative singular)
mьčьtu (dual locative)
mьčьtasъ (locative plural)
mьčьtaxъ (locative plural)
mьčьto (singular vocative)
mьčьtě (dual vocative)
mьčьty (plural vocative)

East Slavic: мьчьта (mĭčĭta), мечьта (mečĭta), мечта (mečta)

Russian: мечта́ (mečtá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мъчьта (mŭčĭta)

Bulgarian: мечта́ (mečtá)

Macedonian: мечта (mečta)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ма̀шта

Latin script: màšta

From *mikati + *-ьta, from Proto-Indo-European *meyk- (“to twinkle, blink”). Related to Latin micō.


mьčьtъ

mьčьtъ (nominative singular)
mьčьta (dual nominative)
mьčьti (nominative plural)
mьčьta (genitive singular)
mьčьtu (dual genitive)
mьčьtъ (genitive plural)
mьčьtu (dative singular)
mьčьtoma (dative dual)
mьčьtomъ (dative plural)
mьčьtъ (accusative singular)
mьčьta (accusative dual)
mьčьty (accusative plural)
mьčьtъmь (instrumental singular)
mьčьtomь (instrumental singular)
mьčьtoma (dual instrumental)
mьčьty (instrumental plural)
mьčьtě (locative singular)
mьčьtu (dual locative)
mьčьtěxъ (locative plural)
mьčьte (singular vocative)
mьčьta (dual vocative)
mьčьti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мьчьтъ (mĭčĭtŭ) (also мечьтъ (mečĭtŭ), мчетъ (mčetŭ), мечетъ (mečetŭ))

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мьчьтъ (mĭčĭtŭ)


grěšiti

grěšenьje (noun-from-verb)
grěšiti (infinitive)
grěšitъ (supine)
grěšilъ (l-participle)
grěšenъ (participle passive past)
grěšimъ (participle passive present)
grěšь (active participle past)
grěšę (active participle present)
grěšixъ (aorist first-person singular)
grěši (aorist second-person singular)
grěši (aorist singular third-person)
grěšǫ (first-person present singular)
grěšiši (present second-person singular)
grěšitь (present singular third-person)
grěšixově (aorist dual first-person)
grěšista (aorist dual second-person)
grěšiste (aorist dual third-person)
grěšivě (dual first-person present)
grěšita (dual present second-person)
grěšite (dual present third-person)
grěšixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
grěšiste (aorist plural second-person)
grěšišę (aorist plural third-person)
grěšimъ (first-person plural present)
grěšite (plural present second-person)
grěšętь (plural present third-person)
grěšaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
grěšaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
grěšaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
grěši (imperative second-person singular)
grěši (imperative singular third-person)
grěšaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
grěšaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
grěšaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
grěšivě (dual first-person imperative)
grěšita (dual imperative second-person)
grěšaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
grěšaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
grěšaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
grěšimъ (first-person imperative plural)
grěšite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: грашы́ць (hrašýcʹ)

Russian: греши́ть (grešítʹ)

Ukrainian: гріши́ти (hrišýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: грѣшити (grěšiti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: греша́ (grešá)

Macedonian: греши (greši)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гре́шити, грије́шити

Latin: gréšiti, grijéšiti

Slovene: grešíti

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hřěšiti

Czech: hřešit

Old Polish: grzeszyć

Polish: grzeszyć

Slovak: hrešiť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: grěšyś

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: greși


načęti

načę̀ti (canonical perfective)
načętьje (noun-from-verb)
načęti (infinitive)
načętъ (supine)
načęlъ (l-participle)
načętъ (participle passive past)
načьnъ (active participle past)
načęsъ (aorist first-person singular)
načę (aorist second-person singular)
načę (aorist singular third-person)
načьnǫ (first-person present singular)
načьneši (present second-person singular)
načьnetь (present singular third-person)
načęsově (aorist dual first-person)
načęsta (aorist dual second-person)
načęste (aorist dual third-person)
načьnevě (dual first-person present)
načьneta (dual present second-person)
načьnete (dual present third-person)
načęsomъ (aorist first-person plural)
načęste (aorist plural second-person)
načęsę (aorist plural third-person)
načьnemъ (first-person plural present)
načьnete (plural present second-person)
načьnǫtь (plural present third-person)
načьni (imperative second-person singular)
načьni (imperative singular third-person)
načьněvě (dual first-person imperative)
načьněta (dual imperative second-person)
načьněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
načьněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: начѧти, начати (načati)

Old Ruthenian: нача́ти (načáti)

Ukrainian: нача́ти (načáty)

Belarusian: нача́ць (načácʹ)

Russian: нача́ть (načátʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: начѧти

Bulgarian: наче́на (načéna)

Macedonian: начне (načne)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: на̀че̄ти

Latin script: nàčēti

Slovene: načẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: načieti

Czech: načít

Polabian: nocǫl

Old Polish: nacząć
Polish: nacząć

Slovak: načať

Slovincian: naczic

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: načeć

Lower Sorbian: naceś

From Proto-Indo-European * h₂nō+*k(e)n-. Equivalent to *na- + *čęti.


jьgrati

jьgranьje (noun-from-verb)
jьgrati (infinitive)
jьgratъ (supine)
jьgralъ (l-participle)
jьgranъ (participle passive past)
jьgrajemъ (participle passive present)
jьgravъ (active participle past)
jьgraję (active participle present)
jьgraxъ (aorist first-person singular)
jьgra (aorist second-person singular)
jьgra (aorist singular third-person)
jьgrajǫ (first-person present singular)
jьgraješi (present second-person singular)
jьgrajetь (present singular third-person)
jьgraxově (aorist dual first-person)
jьgrasta (aorist dual second-person)
jьgraste (aorist dual third-person)
jьgrajevě (dual first-person present)
jьgrajeta (dual present second-person)
jьgrajete (dual present third-person)
jьgraxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
jьgraste (aorist plural second-person)
jьgrašę (aorist plural third-person)
jьgrajemъ (first-person plural present)
jьgrajete (plural present second-person)
jьgrajǫtь (plural present third-person)
jьgraaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
jьgraaše (imperfect second-person singular)
jьgraaše (imperfect singular third-person)
jьgraji (imperative second-person singular)
jьgraji (imperative singular third-person)
jьgraaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
jьgraašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
jьgraašete (dual imperfect third-person)
jьgrajivě (dual first-person imperative)
jьgrajita (dual imperative second-person)
jьgraaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
jьgraašete (imperfect plural second-person)
jьgraaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
jьgrajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
jьgrajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: играти (igrati)

Belarusian: граць (hracʹ), ігра́ць (ihrácʹ)

Russian: игра́ть (igrátʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: гра́ти (hráty)

Ukrainian: гра́ти (hráty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: играти (igrati)

Bulgarian: игра́я (igrája)

Macedonian: игра (igra)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: и̏грати

Latin script: ȉgrati

Slovene: igráti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Polabian: jaigroją (3pl.)

Old Czech: jhráti
Czech: hrát

Old Polish: igrać

Polish: grać, igrać

Slovak: hrať, ihrať

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: jigrac, grac

Slovincian: grac

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: hrać

Lower Sorbian: graś, jgraś


grěxъ

grě̃xъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
grě̃xъ (nominative singular)
grě̄xà (dual nominative)
grě̄śì (nominative plural)
grě̄xà (genitive singular)
grě̄xù (dual genitive)
grě̃xъ (genitive plural)
grě̄xù (dative singular)
grě̄xòma (dative dual)
grě̄xòmъ (dative plural)
grě̃xъ (accusative singular)
grě̄xà (accusative dual)
grě̄xỳ (accusative plural)
grě̄xъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
grě̄xòmь (instrumental singular)
grě̄xòma (dual instrumental)
grě̃xy (instrumental plural)
grě̄śě̀ (locative singular)
grě̄xù (dual locative)
grě̃śěxъ (locative plural)
grěše (singular vocative)
grě̄xà (dual vocative)
grě̄śì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: грѣхъ (grěxŭ)

Old Ruthenian: грѣхъ (hrěx)

Belarusian: грэх (hrex)

Carpathian Rusyn: грїх (hrjix)

Ukrainian: гріх (hrix); грєх (hrjex) (dialectal)

Russian: грех (grex)

→ Latvian: grēks

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: грѣхъ (grěxŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰳⱃⱑⱈⱏ (grěxŭ)

Bulgarian: грях (grjah), грех (greh)

Macedonian: грев (grev)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гре̑х, грије̑х (dialectal), грих (dialectal)

Latin script: grȇh, grijȇh (dialectal), grih (dialectal)

Slovene: grẹ́h (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hřiech

Czech: hřích

Polabian: greχ

Old Polish: grzech

Polish: grzech

Silesian: grzych

Slovak: hriech

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: grzéch

Slovincian: grzéch

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: grěch

Upper Sorbian: hrěch

Potentially a conflation of more than one semantic kernels:
* Mledenov, Vasmer, Trubačev, Skok: From an earlier *grēxŭ, stemming from *grěti (“to heat”) + *-xъ, based on related terms conveying thermal states: dial. Bulgarian гря́шка (grjáška, “scorch, fever”), dial. Russian гре́шина (gréšina, “blaze”). Perhaps originally implying “fervour, ardour” → “guilt”.
* Iljinsky, Endzelīns: From an earlier *grai(k)śŭ, related to Lithuanian graižùs (“winding, crooked”), Latvian grèizs (“crooked, slanting, diagonal”) and possibly Proto-Slavic *grěza (“delirium, confusion”). Originally referring to “skewness, misalignment” > “error”. Such a meaning is reflected in agricultural vocabulary: cf. dial. Polish grzecha, ogrzech (“a vacant strip in a sown field or a piece of land not ploughed by the ploughman's carelessness”), dial. Russian грехва (grexva), о́грех (ógrex), Ukrainian о́грех (óhrex, “place not ploughed or badly ploughed”), dial. Belarusian грэх (hrex, “a field that has been missed by sowing or ploughing”). Additionally, in South Slavic (except for Slovene) the principal word for “mistake” is the diminutive form of *grěxъ. For meaning shift compare *krivъ (“crooked, bent; wrong”) : *krivьda (“evil, injustice”).
* Proposed further cognates: Akin to Ancient Greek χρεῖος (khreîos, “liability, debt, need”) (Pedersen) or Ancient Greek χρῑ́ω (khrī́ō, “to smear, to anoint”), χροΐζω (khroḯzō, “to concern”) (Berneker).

cog

fervour, ardour (damaging thermal state)

per etymology from early *grēxŭ:
(secondary) guilt, grief, regret

per etymology from early *grēxŭ:
guilt, grief, regret

per etymology from early *grai(k)śŭ:
error, mistake, misconduct


xujь

xȗjь (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
xȗjь (nominative singular)
xȗja (dual nominative)
xȗji (nominative plural)
xȗja (genitive singular)
xujù (dual genitive)
xũjь (genitive plural)
xȗju (dative singular)
xujemà (dative dual)
xujèmъ (dative plural)
xȗjь (accusative singular)
xȗja (accusative dual)
xȗję̇ (accusative plural)
xȗjьmь (instrumental singular)
xȗjemь (instrumental singular)
xujemà (dual instrumental)
xují (instrumental plural)
xȗji (locative singular)
xujù (dual locative)
xujĩxъ (locative plural)
xuju (singular vocative)
xȗja (dual vocative)
xȗji (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: хуи (xui)
Old Ruthenian: *хуй (*xuj)
Belarusian: хуй (xuj)
Carpathian Rusyn: хуй (xuj)
Ukrainian: хуй (xuj)
Russian: хуй (xuj)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: хуй (huj)

West Slavic:

desc

Old Polish: *chuj; Chuj (proper noun), ⇒ Łupichuj (proper noun)

Polish: chuj

→? Czech: chuj

Silesian: chuj

Old Slovak: *chuj

Pannonian Rusyn: хуй (xuj)

Slovak: chuj

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: chùj

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *skaujás, from Proto-Indo-European *skowyós, from *skwey- (“needle, prickle, thorn”).
Compare Albanian hu (“stake, pole; penis”) (from Proto-Albanian *skuna < *skuja + *-na, from Proto-Indo-European *skuy-ós).

xvoja

needles or branches of a coniferous tree

(originally) stiff part of a plant (twig, shoot)


věkъ

vě̑kъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
vě̑kъ (nominative singular)
vě̑ka (dual nominative)
vě̑ci (nominative plural)
vě̑ka (genitive singular)
věkù (dual genitive)
vě̃kъ (genitive plural)
vě̑ku (dative singular)
věkomà (dative dual)
věkòmъ (dative plural)
vě̑kъ (accusative singular)
vě̑ka (accusative dual)
vě̑ky (accusative plural)
vě̑kъmь (instrumental singular)
vě̑komь (instrumental singular)
věkomà (dual instrumental)
věký (instrumental plural)
vě̑cě (locative singular)
věkù (dual locative)
věcě̃xъ (locative plural)
věče (singular vocative)
vě̑ka (dual vocative)
vě̑ci (plural vocative)
c (accent-paradigm)
vě̑kъ (nominative singular)
vě̑ky (dual nominative)
vě̑kove (nominative plural)
vě̑ku (genitive singular)
věkovù (dual genitive)
věkòvъ (genitive plural)
vě̑kovi (dative singular)
věkъmà (dative dual)
vě̑kъmъ (dative plural)
vě̑kъ (accusative singular)
vě̑ky (accusative dual)
vě̑ky (accusative plural)
vě̑kъmь (instrumental singular)
věkъmà (dual instrumental)
věkъmì (instrumental plural)
věkú (locative singular)
věkovù (dual locative)
vě̑kъxъ (locative plural)
věku (singular vocative)
vě̑ky (dual vocative)
vě̑kove (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вѣкъ (věkŭ)

Old Ruthenian: вѣкъ (věk)

Belarusian: век (vjek)

Carpathian Rusyn: вік (vik)

Ukrainian: вік (vik)

Middle Russian: вѣкъ (věk)

Russian: век (vek)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: вѣкъ (věkŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⱑⰽⱏ (věkŭ)

Bulgarian: век (vek)

Macedonian: век (vek)

Serbo-Croatian: ве̑к

Slovene: vék

West Slavic:

Old Czech: věk
Czech: věk

desctree

Old Polish: wiek
Polish: wiek
Silesian: wiek

Slovak: vek

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: wiek

Slovincian: wjêk

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wěk

Upper Sorbian: wěk

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: veac

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wáikas. Cognate with Lithuanian viẽkas (“power, life”), according to Pokorny, from Proto-Indo-European *weyk- (“to overcome”).


věčьnъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *věčьnъ (hard)

Definite declension of *věčьnъ (hard)

věčьnъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
věčьna (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
věčьno (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
věčьna (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
věčьny (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
věčьna (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
věčьnu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
věčьně (dative feminine indefinite singular)
věčьnu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
věčьnъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
věčьnǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
věčьno (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
věčьnomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
věčьnojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
věčьnomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
věčьně (indefinite locative masculine singular)
věčьně (feminine indefinite locative singular)
věčьně (indefinite locative neuter singular)
věčьne (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
věčьno (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
věčьno (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
věčьna (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
věčьně (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
věčьně (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
věčьnu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
věčьnu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
věčьnu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
věčьnoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
věčьnama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
věčьnoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
věčьna (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
věčьně (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
věčьně (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
věčьnoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
věčьnama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
věčьnoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
věčьnu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
věčьnu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
věčьnu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
věčьna (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
věčьně (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
věčьně (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
věčьni (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
věčьny (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
věčьna (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
věčьnъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
věčьnъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
věčьnъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
věčьnomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
věčьnamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
věčьnomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
věčьny (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
věčьny (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
věčьna (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
věčьny (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
věčьnami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
věčьny (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
věčьněxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
věčьnaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
věčьněxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
věčьni (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
věčьny (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
věčьna (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
věčьnъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
věčьnaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
věčьnoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
věčьnajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
věčьnyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
věčьnajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
věčьnujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
věčьněji (dative definite feminine singular)
věčьnujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
věčьnъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
věčьnǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
věčьnoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
věčьnyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
věčьnǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
věčьnyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
věčьnějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
věčьněji (definite feminine locative singular)
věčьnějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
věčьnъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
věčьnaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
věčьnoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
věčьnaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
věčьněji (definite dual feminine nominative)
věčьněji (definite dual neuter nominative)
věčьnuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
věčьnuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
věčьnuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
věčьnyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
věčьnyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
věčьnyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
věčьnaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
věčьněji (accusative definite dual feminine)
věčьněji (accusative definite dual neuter)
věčьnyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
věčьnyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
věčьnyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
věčьnuju (definite dual locative masculine)
věčьnuju (definite dual feminine locative)
věčьnuju (definite dual locative neuter)
věčьnaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
věčьněji (definite dual feminine vocative)
věčьněji (definite dual neuter vocative)
věčьniji (definite masculine nominative plural)
věčьnyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
věčьnaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
věčьnъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
věčьnъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
věčьnъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
věčьnyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
věčьnyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
věčьnyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
věčьnyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
věčьnyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
věčьnaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
věčьnyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
věčьnyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
věčьnyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
věčьnyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
věčьnyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
věčьnyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
věčьniji (definite masculine plural vocative)
věčьnyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
věčьnaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ве́чны (vjéčny)

Russian: ве́чный (véčnyj)

Ukrainian: ві́чний (víčnyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: вѣчьнъ (věčĭnŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⱑⱍⱐⱀⱏ (věčĭnŭ)

Bulgarian: вечен (večen)

Macedonian: вечен (večen)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ве̏чан, вје̏чан

Roman: vȅčan, vjȅčan

Slovene: vẹ́čən (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: věčný

Czech: věčný

Old Polish: wieczny

Polish: wieczny

Slovak: večný

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wěčny

Lower Sorbian: wěcny


krotiti

kroťenьje (noun-from-verb)
krotiti (infinitive)
krotitъ (supine)
krotilъ (l-participle)
kroťenъ (participle passive past)
krotimъ (participle passive present)
kroťь (active participle past)
krotę (active participle present)
krotixъ (aorist first-person singular)
kroti (aorist second-person singular)
kroti (aorist singular third-person)
kroťǫ (first-person present singular)
krotiši (present second-person singular)
krotitь (present singular third-person)
krotixově (aorist dual first-person)
krotista (aorist dual second-person)
krotiste (aorist dual third-person)
krotivě (dual first-person present)
krotita (dual present second-person)
krotite (dual present third-person)
krotixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
krotiste (aorist plural second-person)
krotišę (aorist plural third-person)
krotimъ (first-person plural present)
krotite (plural present second-person)
krotętь (plural present third-person)
kroťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kroťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kroťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kroti (imperative second-person singular)
kroti (imperative singular third-person)
kroťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kroťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kroťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
krotivě (dual first-person imperative)
krotita (dual imperative second-person)
kroťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kroťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kroťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
krotimъ (first-person imperative plural)
krotite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: кроти́ть (krotítʹ) (dialectal)

⇒ Russian: укроти́ть (ukrotítʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: кротити (krotiti)

Glagolitic script: ⰽⱃⱁⱅⰻⱅⰻ (krotiti)

Bulgarian: кротя́ (krotjá)

Macedonian: скротува (skrotuva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кро̀тити

Latin script: kròtiti

Slovene: krotiti

West Slavic:

Old Czech: krotiti

Czech: krotit

Old Polish: krócić

⇒ Polish: ukrócić

Slovak: krotiť


sěmьjьstvo

sěmьjьstvo (nominative singular)
sěmьjьstvě (dual nominative)
sěmьjьstva (nominative plural)
sěmьjьstva (genitive singular)
sěmьjьstvu (dual genitive)
sěmьjьstvъ (genitive plural)
sěmьjьstvu (dative singular)
sěmьjьstvoma (dative dual)
sěmьjьstvomъ (dative plural)
sěmьjьstvo (accusative singular)
sěmьjьstvě (accusative dual)
sěmьjьstva (accusative plural)
sěmьjьstvъmь (instrumental singular)
sěmьjьstvomь (instrumental singular)
sěmьjьstvoma (dual instrumental)
sěmьjьstvy (instrumental plural)
sěmьjьstvě (locative singular)
sěmьjьstvu (dual locative)
sěmьjьstvěxъ (locative plural)
sěmьjьstvo (singular vocative)
sěmьjьstvě (dual vocative)
sěmьjьstva (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: сяме́йства (sjamjéjstva)

Russian: семе́йство (seméjstvo)

Ukrainian: сіме́йство (siméjstvo)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: семе́йство (seméjstvo)

Macedonian: семејство (semejstvo)


sěmьja

sěmьjà (canonical feminine)
c (accent-paradigm)
sěmьjà (nominative singular)
sě̑mьji (dual nominative)
sě̑mьję̇ (nominative plural)
sěmьję̇́ (genitive singular)
sěmьjù (dual genitive)
sěmь̀jь (genitive plural)
sěmьjì (dative singular)
sěmьjàma (dative dual)
sěmьjàmъ (dative plural)
sě̑mьjǫ (accusative singular)
sě̑mьji (accusative dual)
sě̑mьję̇ (accusative plural)
sěmьjejǫ́ (instrumental singular)
sěmьjàma (dual instrumental)
sěmьjàmi (instrumental plural)
sě̑mьjī (locative singular)
sěmьjù (dual locative)
sěmьjàsъ (locative plural)
sěmьjàxъ (locative plural)
sěmьje (singular vocative)
sě̑mьji (dual vocative)
sě̑mьję̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: сѣмьꙗ (sěmĭja), сѣмиꙗ (sěmija)

Old Ruthenian: сѣмьꙗ (sěmʹja)

Belarusian: сям'я́ (sjamʺjá)

Ukrainian: сім'я́ (simʺjá)

Russian: семья́ (semʹjá)

→ Old Polish: siemia

From *sě̑mь (“household member”) + *-ьjà (“collective”). Cognates include Lithuanian šeimà (“family”), Latvian sàime (“members of a household, (extended) family”), Old Prussian seimīns (“members of a household, family and servants”).

ętry

sister-in-law (husband's brother's wife)


sěmьjьnъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *sěmьjьnъ (hard)

Definite declension of *sěmьjьnъ (hard)

sěmьjьnъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
sěmьjьna (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
sěmьjьno (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
sěmьjьna (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
sěmьjьny (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
sěmьjьna (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
sěmьjьnu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
sěmьjьně (dative feminine indefinite singular)
sěmьjьnu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
sěmьjьnъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
sěmьjьnǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
sěmьjьno (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
sěmьjьnomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
sěmьjьnojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
sěmьjьnomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
sěmьjьně (indefinite locative masculine singular)
sěmьjьně (feminine indefinite locative singular)
sěmьjьně (indefinite locative neuter singular)
sěmьjьne (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
sěmьjьno (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
sěmьjьno (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
sěmьjьna (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
sěmьjьně (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
sěmьjьně (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
sěmьjьnu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
sěmьjьnu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
sěmьjьnu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
sěmьjьnoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
sěmьjьnama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
sěmьjьnoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
sěmьjьna (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
sěmьjьně (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
sěmьjьně (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
sěmьjьnoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
sěmьjьnama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
sěmьjьnoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
sěmьjьnu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
sěmьjьnu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
sěmьjьnu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
sěmьjьna (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
sěmьjьně (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
sěmьjьně (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
sěmьjьni (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
sěmьjьny (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
sěmьjьna (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
sěmьjьnъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
sěmьjьnъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
sěmьjьnъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
sěmьjьnomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
sěmьjьnamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
sěmьjьnomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
sěmьjьny (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
sěmьjьny (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
sěmьjьna (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
sěmьjьny (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
sěmьjьnami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
sěmьjьny (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
sěmьjьněxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
sěmьjьnaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
sěmьjьněxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
sěmьjьni (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
sěmьjьny (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
sěmьjьna (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
sěmьjьnъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
sěmьjьnaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
sěmьjьnoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
sěmьjьnajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
sěmьjьnyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
sěmьjьnajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
sěmьjьnujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
sěmьjьněji (dative definite feminine singular)
sěmьjьnujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
sěmьjьnъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
sěmьjьnǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
sěmьjьnoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
sěmьjьnyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
sěmьjьnǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
sěmьjьnyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
sěmьjьnějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
sěmьjьněji (definite feminine locative singular)
sěmьjьnějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
sěmьjьnъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
sěmьjьnaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
sěmьjьnoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
sěmьjьnaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
sěmьjьněji (definite dual feminine nominative)
sěmьjьněji (definite dual neuter nominative)
sěmьjьnuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
sěmьjьnuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
sěmьjьnuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
sěmьjьnyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
sěmьjьnyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
sěmьjьnyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
sěmьjьnaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
sěmьjьněji (accusative definite dual feminine)
sěmьjьněji (accusative definite dual neuter)
sěmьjьnyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
sěmьjьnyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
sěmьjьnyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
sěmьjьnuju (definite dual locative masculine)
sěmьjьnuju (definite dual feminine locative)
sěmьjьnuju (definite dual locative neuter)
sěmьjьnaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
sěmьjьněji (definite dual feminine vocative)
sěmьjьněji (definite dual neuter vocative)
sěmьjьniji (definite masculine nominative plural)
sěmьjьnyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
sěmьjьnaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
sěmьjьnъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
sěmьjьnъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
sěmьjьnъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
sěmьjьnyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
sěmьjьnyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
sěmьjьnyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
sěmьjьnyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
sěmьjьnyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
sěmьjьnaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
sěmьjьnyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
sěmьjьnyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
sěmьjьnyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
sěmьjьnyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
sěmьjьnyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
sěmьjьnyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
sěmьjьniji (definite masculine plural vocative)
sěmьjьnyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
sěmьjьnaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: сяме́йны (sjamjéjny)

Russian: семе́йный (seméjnyj)

Ukrainian: сіме́йний (siméjnyj)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: семе́ен (seméen)

(dialectal) relating to family, household


pleťe

pleťè (canonical neuter)
b (accent-paradigm)
pleťè (nominative singular)
plèťi (dual nominative)
plèťa (nominative plural)
pleťà (genitive singular)
pleťu (dual genitive)
plèťь (genitive plural)
pleťù (dative singular)
pleťema (dative dual)
plèťemъ (dative plural)
pleťè (accusative singular)
plèťi (accusative dual)
plèťa (accusative plural)
pleťь̀mь (instrumental singular)
pleťèmь (instrumental singular)
pleťema (dual instrumental)
plèťi (instrumental plural)
pleťì (locative singular)
pleťu (dual locative)
plèťixъ (locative plural)
pleťè (singular vocative)
plèťi (dual vocative)
plèťa (plural vocative)

East Slavic: плече (pleče), плечи du (pleči), плеча pl (pleča)

desc

Belarusian: плячо́ (pljačó), пле́чы pl (pljéčy)

Russian: плечо́ (plečó), пле́чи pl (pléči), плеча́ pl (plečá) (archaic)

Ukrainian: плече́ (plečé), пле́чі pl (pléči)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: плєщє (plešte), плєщи du (plešti), плєща pl (plešta) (“scapula bones”)

Bulgarian: пле́щи pl (pléšti, “scapula”)

Macedonian: плеќи pl (pleḱi, “scapula”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: плѐће, плѐћа pl, пле̏ħи f pl (“scapula”)

Roman: plèće, plèća pl, plȅći f pl (“scapula”)

Slovene: plêče (“scapula”)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: plece

Czech: plece

Knaanic: פְלֵצַא (pleca)

Polabian: plicĕ

Old Polish: plece

Middle Polish: plec m or f, plece n, pleca f, plecy pl, pleca pl

Polish: plecy pl

Silesian: pleca pl

Old Slovak: plece

Slovak: plece

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: plecë pl

Slovincian: plêcë pl

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: placo

Upper Sorbian: pleco

→ Yiddish: פּלייצע (pleytse) (from an indeterminate Slavic language)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *plet-, from Proto-Indo-European *pleth₂-.


svirěpъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *svirěpъ (hard)

Definite declension of *svirěpъ (hard)

svirěpъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
svirěpa (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
svirěpo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
svirěpa (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
svirěpy (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
svirěpa (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
svirěpu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
svirěpě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
svirěpu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
svirěpъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
svirěpǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
svirěpo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
svirěpomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
svirěpojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
svirěpomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
svirěpě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
svirěpě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
svirěpě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
svirěpe (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
svirěpo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
svirěpo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
svirěpa (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
svirěpě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
svirěpě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
svirěpu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
svirěpu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
svirěpu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
svirěpoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
svirěpama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
svirěpoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
svirěpa (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
svirěpě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
svirěpě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
svirěpoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
svirěpama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
svirěpoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
svirěpu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
svirěpu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
svirěpu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
svirěpa (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
svirěpě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
svirěpě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
svirěpi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
svirěpy (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
svirěpa (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
svirěpъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
svirěpъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
svirěpъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
svirěpomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
svirěpamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
svirěpomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
svirěpy (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
svirěpy (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
svirěpa (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
svirěpy (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
svirěpami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
svirěpy (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
svirěpěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
svirěpaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
svirěpěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
svirěpi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
svirěpy (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
svirěpa (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
svirěpъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
svirěpaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
svirěpoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
svirěpajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
svirěpyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
svirěpajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
svirěpujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
svirěpěji (dative definite feminine singular)
svirěpujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
svirěpъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
svirěpǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
svirěpoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
svirěpyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
svirěpǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
svirěpyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
svirěpějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
svirěpěji (definite feminine locative singular)
svirěpějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
svirěpъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
svirěpaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
svirěpoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
svirěpaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
svirěpěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
svirěpěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
svirěpuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
svirěpuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
svirěpuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
svirěpyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
svirěpyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
svirěpyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
svirěpaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
svirěpěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
svirěpěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
svirěpyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
svirěpyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
svirěpyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
svirěpuju (definite dual locative masculine)
svirěpuju (definite dual feminine locative)
svirěpuju (definite dual locative neuter)
svirěpaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
svirěpěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
svirěpěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
svirěpiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
svirěpyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
svirěpaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
svirěpъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
svirěpъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
svirěpъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
svirěpyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
svirěpyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
svirěpyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
svirěpyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
svirěpyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
svirěpaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
svirěpyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
svirěpyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
svirěpyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
svirěpyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
svirěpyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
svirěpyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
svirěpiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
svirěpyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
svirěpaja (definite neuter plural vocative)


Perunъ

Perunъ (nominative singular)
Peruna (genitive singular)
Perunu (dative singular)
Perunъ (accusative singular)
Peruně (locative singular)
Perune (singular vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: Перунъ (Perunŭ)
Old Ruthenian: Перунъ (Perun)
Belarusian: Пяру́н (Pjarún)
Carpathian Rusyn: Перу́н (Perún)
Ukrainian: Перу́н (Perún)
Russian: Перу́н (Perún)

Old Novgorodian: Перꙑне (Peryne)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: Перун (Perun)

Macedonian: Перун (Perun)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: Пе̏рун

Latin script: Pȅrun

Slovene: Perun

West Slavic:

Czech: Perun

Old Polish: Piorun, Pierun, Pieruń

Polish: Piorun

Old Slovak: Parom


kvisti

kvistì (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
kvьtenьje (noun-from-verb)
kvisti (infinitive)
kvistъ (supine)
kvьtlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
kvьtenъ (participle passive past)
kvьtomъ (participle passive present)
kvьtъ (active participle past)
kvьty (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
kvьtъ (aorist first-person singular)
kvьtoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kvьte (aorist second-person singular)
kvьte (aorist singular third-person)
kvьtǫ (first-person present singular)
kvьteši (present second-person singular)
kvьtetь (present singular third-person)
kvьtově (aorist dual first-person)
kvьtoxově (aorist dual first-person)
kvьteta (aorist dual second-person)
kvьtosta (aorist dual second-person)
kvьtete (aorist dual third-person)
kvьtoste (aorist dual third-person)
kvьtevě (dual first-person present)
kvьteta (dual present second-person)
kvьtete (dual present third-person)
kvьtomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kvьtoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kvьtete (aorist plural second-person)
kvьtoste (aorist plural second-person)
kvьtǫ (aorist plural third-person)
kvьtošę (aorist plural third-person)
kvьtemъ (first-person plural present)
kvьtete (plural present second-person)
kvьtǫtь (plural present third-person)
kvьtěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kvьtěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kvьtěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kvьti (imperative second-person singular)
kvьti (imperative singular third-person)
kvьtěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kvьtěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kvьtěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kvьtěvě (dual first-person imperative)
kvьtěta (dual imperative second-person)
kvьtěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kvьtěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kvьtěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kvьtěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
kvьtěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: цвьсти (cvĭsti)

desc

Belarusian: цвісці́ (cviscí), цьвісьці́ (cʹvisʹcí) (Tarashkevitsa orthography)

Russian: цвести́ (cvestí), цвѣсти́ (cvěstí) (obsolete)

Ukrainian: квісти́ (kvistý), цвісти́ (cvistý)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: цвисти (cvisti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: цъфтя́ (cǎftjá), цъвтя́ (cǎvtjá) (obsolete)

Macedonian: цвета (cveta)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: цва̀сти

Latin script: cvàsti

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: cvèsti, cvestȉ, cvésti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kvisti

Czech: kvésti (archaic), kvést

Old Polish: kwiść

Polish: kwiść (archaic or dialectal)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: kwisć

Upper Sorbian: 1sg. ktu (infinitive kćěć is from *kvьtěti)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kweistei. Related to Latvian kvitêt (“to shimmer, to glimmer”).
* Per Derksen, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweyt-, where Proto-Indo-European *ḱw- is depalatalized to *kw- in Balto-Slavic before a back vowel but has its regular reflex św- before a front vowel, and the complex pattern of related Proto-Slavic words with *kv- and *sv- (see Related terms, below) is due to analogical changes in both directions.
* Per Rix (LIV), there are two separate roots, Proto-Indo-European *ḱweyt- (“to become bright”) and Proto-Indo-European *kweyt- (“to shine”), the latter found only in Balto-Slavic.
* Chernykh refers to a substitution of "West-European" *k in place of *ḱ-, presumably suggesting a borrowing from a Centum language to the West of Proto-Balto-Slavic.
* Trubachev's theory is of "secondary centumization", which appears to be essentially the same as Chernykh's.


pokojь

pokòjь (canonical masculine)
a (accent-paradigm)
pokòjь (nominative singular)
pokòja (dual nominative)
pokòji (nominative plural)
pokòja (genitive singular)
pokòju (dual genitive)
pokòjь (genitive plural)
pokòju (dative singular)
pokòjema (dative dual)
pokòjēmъ (dative plural)
pokòjь (accusative singular)
pokòja (accusative dual)
pokòję̇ (accusative plural)
pokòjьmь (instrumental singular)
pokòjemь (instrumental singular)
pokòjema (dual instrumental)
pokòjī (instrumental plural)
pokòji (locative singular)
pokòju (dual locative)
pokòjīxъ (locative plural)
pokòju (singular vocative)
pokòja (dual vocative)
pokòji (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: покои (pokoi)

Old Ruthenian: поко́й (pokój)

desc

Belarusian: пако́й (pakój), спако́й (spakój), супако́й (supakój)

Ukrainian: по́кій (pókij), спо́кій (spókij)

Russian: поко́й (pokój)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: покои (pokoi)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⱁⰽⱁⰻ (pokoi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: по̀кој, спо̀кој

Latin: pòkoj, spòkoj

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: pókoj, pokȍj (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: pokoj

Czech: pokoj

desctree

Old Polish: pokój
Polish: pokój
Silesian: pokōj

Slovak: pokoj

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: pòkój

Slovincian: pôkój

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pokoj

Upper Sorbian: pokoj

From *po- + *kojь, the second part from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoyh₁-o-, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷyeh₁- (“rest, peace”).


kolkolъ

kȏlkolъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
kȏlkolъ (nominative singular)
kȏlkola (dual nominative)
kȏlkoli (nominative plural)
kȏlkola (genitive singular)
kolkolù (dual genitive)
kolkòlъ (genitive plural)
kȏlkolu (dative singular)
kolkolomà (dative dual)
kolkolòmъ (dative plural)
kȏlkolъ (accusative singular)
kȏlkola (accusative dual)
kȏlkoly (accusative plural)
kȏlkolъmь (instrumental singular)
kȏlkolomь (instrumental singular)
kolkolomà (dual instrumental)
kolkolý (instrumental plural)
kȏlkolě (locative singular)
kolkolù (dual locative)
kolkolě̃xъ (locative plural)
kolkole (singular vocative)
kȏlkola (dual vocative)
kȏlkoli (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: ко́локол (kólokol)

Ukrainian: ко́локіл (kólokil)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: клаколъ (klakolŭ)

West Slavic:

Polabian: kluokü’öl, klåťöl

Suggested to be from Proto-Indo-European *kolHkolH-o-, from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to call, shout”). Cognate with Latvian kaļuôt (“talk idly”), Greek καλέω (kaléo, “call”), Latin calāre (“call”). In any case, ultimately onomatopoeic.


pǫtь

pǫ̃tь (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
pǫ̃tь (nominative singular)
pǭtì (dual nominative)
pǫ̃tьjē (nominative plural)
pǫ̃ti (genitive singular)
pǫ̃tьju (dual genitive)
pǭtь̀jь (genitive plural)
pǭtì (dative singular)
pǫ̃tьma (dative dual)
pǭtь̀mъ (dative plural)
pǫ̃tь (accusative singular)
pǭtì (accusative dual)
pǭtì (accusative plural)
pǭtь̀mь (instrumental singular)
pǫ̃tьma (dual instrumental)
pǫ̃tьmī (instrumental plural)
pǫ̃ti (locative singular)
pǫ̃tьju (dual locative)
pǭtь̀xъ (locative plural)
pǫti (singular vocative)
pǭtì (dual vocative)
pǫ̃tьjē (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: путь (putĭ)

Belarusian: пуць (pucʹ)

Russian: путь (putʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: путь (putʹ)

Ukrainian: путь (putʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: пѫть (pǫtĭ)

Glagolitic: ⱂⱘⱅⱐ (pǫtĭ)

Bulgarian: път (pǎt), пънт (pǎnt) (dialectal)

Macedonian: пат (pat)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пу̑т

Latin script: pȗt

Slovene: pọ̑t (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: pút

Czech: pouť

Moravian (Mistřice): púť

Old Polish: pąć

Polish: pąć

Silesian: pōńć

Polabian: pǫt

Slovak: púť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: puć

Lower Sorbian: puś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pántis/*pintis, from Proto-Indo-European *póntoh₁s, from *pent-. Cognate with Old Prussian pintis (“way, road”).


pьzděti

pьzděnьje (noun-from-verb)
pьzděti (infinitive)
pьzdětъ (supine)
pьzdělъ (l-participle)
pьzděvъ (active participle past)
pьzdę (active participle present)
pьzděxъ (aorist first-person singular)
pьzdě (aorist second-person singular)
pьzdě (aorist singular third-person)
pьzďǫ (first-person present singular)
pьzdiši (present second-person singular)
pьzditь (present singular third-person)
pьzděxově (aorist dual first-person)
pьzděsta (aorist dual second-person)
pьzděste (aorist dual third-person)
pьzdivě (dual first-person present)
pьzdita (dual present second-person)
pьzdite (dual present third-person)
pьzděxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pьzděste (aorist plural second-person)
pьzděšę (aorist plural third-person)
pьzdimъ (first-person plural present)
pьzdite (plural present second-person)
pьzdętь (plural present third-person)
pьzděaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pьzděaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pьzděaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pьzdi (imperative second-person singular)
pьzdi (imperative singular third-person)
pьzděaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pьzděašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pьzděašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pьzdivě (dual first-person imperative)
pьzdita (dual imperative second-person)
pьzděaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pьzděašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pьzděaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pьzdimъ (first-person imperative plural)
pьzdite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *бьздѣти (*bĭzděti)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: *бздѣ́ти (*bzdě́ti)
Belarusian: бздзець (bzdzjecʹ)
Carpathian Rusyn: бздї́ти (bzdjíty)
Ukrainian: бзді́ти (bzdíty); бизді́ти (byzdíty), пезді́ти (pezdíty) (dialectal)

Russian: бздеть (bzdetʹ)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: пъздя́ (pǎzdjá), бъздя́ (bǎzdjá) (dialectal)

Macedonian: базди (bazdi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ба̀здети, ба̀здјети

Cyrillic script: ба̀здети, ба̀здјети

Latin script: bàzdeti, bàzdjeti

Slovene: pezdéti

West Slavic:

desctree

Old Czech: pzdieti
Early Modern Czech: bzdíti
Czech: bzdít

Polish: bździeć, bździć

Silesian: bździeć

Slovak: bzdieť

Kashubian: bzdzëc

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: bźeś

Upper Sorbian: bzdeć

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *p(e)sdeˀtei, *b(e)sdeˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *pesd-. Cognate with Latvian bzdêt, Lithuanian bezdė́ti, Ancient Greek βδέω (bdéō), Latin pēdō.


žerdlo

žērdlò (canonical neuter)
b (accent-paradigm)
žērdlò (nominative singular)
žẽrdlě (dual nominative)
žērdlà (nominative plural)
žērdlà (genitive singular)
žērdlù (dual genitive)
žẽrdlъ (genitive plural)
žērdlù (dative singular)
žērdlòma (dative dual)
žērdlòmъ (dative plural)
žērdlò (accusative singular)
žẽrdlě (accusative dual)
žērdlà (accusative plural)
žērdlъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
žērdlòmь (instrumental singular)
žērdlòma (dual instrumental)
žẽrdly (instrumental plural)
žērdlě̀ (locative singular)
žērdlù (dual locative)
žẽrdlěxъ (locative plural)
žērdlò (singular vocative)
žẽrdlě (dual vocative)
žērdlà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: жерело (žerelo)

Belarusian: жарало́ (žaraló)

Russian: жерло́ (žerló)

Ukrainian: джерело́ (džereló)

Old Novgorodian: жерегло (žereglo)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: жрѣло (žrělo)

Glagolitic script: ⰶⱃⱑⰾⱁ (žrělo)

desc

Bulgarian: жрело́ (žreló), ждрело́ (ždreló)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ждре́ло, ждри́јело

Latin script: ždrélo, ždríjelo

Slovene: žrélo

West Slavic:

Kashubian: zdrzódło, rzódło

Old Czech: žřiedlo

Czech: zřídlo

desctree

Old Polish: źródło
Polish: źródło
Silesian: zdrzōdło

Slovak: žriedlo

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: žŕodło

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gerˀtlá, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerh₃-tló-m, from *gʷerh₃- (“to devour, swallow”). Equivalent to *žerti (“to devour, eat (of animals)”) + *-dlo.
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian gerklė̃ (“throat, larynx”), East Lithuanian gérklę.
Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek ζέρεθρον (zérethron).


xъlmъ

xъ̃lmъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
xъ̃lmъ (nominative singular)
xъlmà (dual nominative)
xъlmì (nominative plural)
xъlmà (genitive singular)
xъlmù (dual genitive)
xъ̃lmъ (genitive plural)
xъlmù (dative singular)
xъlmòma (dative dual)
xъlmòmъ (dative plural)
xъ̃lmъ (accusative singular)
xъlmà (accusative dual)
xъlmỳ (accusative plural)
xъlmъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
xъlmòmь (instrumental singular)
xъlmòma (dual instrumental)
xъ̃lmy (instrumental plural)
xъlmě̀ (locative singular)
xъlmù (dual locative)
xъ̃lměxъ (locative plural)
xъlme (singular vocative)
xъlmà (dual vocative)
xъlmì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: хълмъ (xŭlmŭ), хълъмъ (xŭlŭmŭ)

Russian: холм (xolm), холо́м (xolóm) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: холм (xolm)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: хлъмъ (xlŭmŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱒⰾⱏⰿⱏ (xlŭmŭ)

Bulgarian: хълм (hǎlm)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ху̑м

Latin script: hȗm

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: họ́lm, họ̑lm (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: chlm, chlum

Czech: chlum

Polish: chełm, Chełm, Chełmno

Slovak: chlm

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: chółm

Upper Sorbian: chołm

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: halom

From a Germanic language; compare Proto-Germanic *hulmaz (“small island, hill, mound”). The exact donor language cannot be specified - some form of Germanic that had not undergone the a-umlaut, possibly Langobardic or Gothic.
The Germanic word further reflects Proto-Indo-European *kelH- (“lift”), whence also *čelo (“forehead”).


tьnъkъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *tьnъkъ (hard)

Definite declension of *tьnъkъ (hard)

tьnъkъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
tьnъka (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
tьnъko (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
tьnъka (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
tьnъky (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
tьnъka (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
tьnъku (dative indefinite masculine singular)
tьnъcě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
tьnъku (dative indefinite neuter singular)
tьnъkъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
tьnъkǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
tьnъko (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
tьnъkomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
tьnъkojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
tьnъkomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
tьnъcě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
tьnъcě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
tьnъcě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
tьnъče (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
tьnъko (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
tьnъko (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
tьnъka (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
tьnъcě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
tьnъcě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
tьnъku (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
tьnъku (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
tьnъku (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
tьnъkoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
tьnъkama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
tьnъkoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
tьnъka (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
tьnъcě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
tьnъcě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
tьnъkoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
tьnъkama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
tьnъkoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
tьnъku (dual indefinite locative masculine)
tьnъku (dual feminine indefinite locative)
tьnъku (dual indefinite locative neuter)
tьnъka (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
tьnъcě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
tьnъcě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
tьnъci (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
tьnъky (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
tьnъka (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
tьnъkъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
tьnъkъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
tьnъkъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
tьnъkomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
tьnъkamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
tьnъkomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
tьnъky (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
tьnъky (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
tьnъka (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
tьnъky (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
tьnъkami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
tьnъky (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
tьnъcěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
tьnъkaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
tьnъcěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
tьnъci (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
tьnъky (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
tьnъka (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
tьnъkъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
tьnъkaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
tьnъkoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
tьnъkajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
tьnъkyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
tьnъkajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
tьnъkujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
tьnъcěji (dative definite feminine singular)
tьnъkujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
tьnъkъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
tьnъkǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
tьnъkoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
tьnъkyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
tьnъkǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
tьnъkyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
tьnъcějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
tьnъcěji (definite feminine locative singular)
tьnъcějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
tьnъkъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
tьnъkaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
tьnъkoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
tьnъkaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
tьnъcěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
tьnъcěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
tьnъkuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
tьnъkuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
tьnъkuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
tьnъkyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
tьnъkyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
tьnъkyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
tьnъkaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
tьnъcěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
tьnъcěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
tьnъkyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
tьnъkyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
tьnъkyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
tьnъkuju (definite dual locative masculine)
tьnъkuju (definite dual feminine locative)
tьnъkuju (definite dual locative neuter)
tьnъkaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
tьnъcěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
tьnъcěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
tьnъciji (definite masculine nominative plural)
tьnъkyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
tьnъkaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
tьnъkъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
tьnъkъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
tьnъkъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
tьnъkyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
tьnъkyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
tьnъkyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
tьnъkyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
tьnъkyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
tьnъkaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
tьnъkyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
tьnъkyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
tьnъkyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
tьnъkyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
tьnъkyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
tьnъkyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
tьnъciji (definite masculine plural vocative)
tьnъkyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
tьnъkaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: тънъкъ (tŭnŭkŭ)

Belarusian: то́нкі (tónki)

Russian: то́нкий (tónkij)

Carpathian Rusyn: тонкый (tonkŷj)

Ukrainian: то́нкий (tónkyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: тьнъкъ (tĭnŭkŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱅⱐⱀⱏⰽⱏ (tĭnŭkŭ)

Bulgarian: тъ́нък (tǎ́nǎk)

Macedonian: тенок (tenok)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: та̏нак

Latin script: tȁnak

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: tánək, tə̀nək, tənȃk (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: cenczi

Old Czech: tenký

Czech: tenký

Polabian: ťånťĕ

Polish: cienki

Silesian: ciynki

Slovak: tenký

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: śańki

Upper Sorbian: ćeńki

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tinˀukas, from Proto-Indo-European *ténh₂us.


vьrxъ

vь̃rxъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
vь̃rxъ (nominative singular)
vьrxỳ (dual nominative)
vьrxòve (nominative plural)
vьrxù (genitive singular)
vьrxòvu (dual genitive)
vьrxòvъ (genitive plural)
vьrxòvi (dative singular)
vь̃rxъma (dative dual)
vьrxъ̀mъ (dative plural)
vь̃rxъ (accusative singular)
vьrxỳ (accusative dual)
vьrxỳ (accusative plural)
vьrxъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
vь̃rxъma (dual instrumental)
vь̃rxъmī (instrumental plural)
vь̃rxu (locative singular)
vьrxòvu (dual locative)
vьrxъ̀xъ (locative plural)
vьrxu (singular vocative)
vьrxỳ (dual vocative)
vьrxòve (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вьрхъ (vĭrxŭ)

Old Ruthenian: верхъ (verx)

Belarusian: верх (vjerx)

Ukrainian: ве́рх (vérx)

Russian: верх (verx), верёх (verjóx) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: врьхъ (vrĭxŭ)

Bulgarian: връх (vrǎh)

Macedonian: врв (vrv)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: вр̑х

Latin script: vȓh

Slovene: vȓh (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vrch

Czech: vrch

Moravian (Mistřice): vŕch

Polabian: varx

Old Polish: wierzch

Polish: wierch, wierzch

Slovak: vrch, vŕšok

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wjerch

Lower Sorbian: wjeŕch

Non-Slavic:

Romanian: vârf

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wíršus. Cognate with Lithuanian viršùs, Latvian virsus/virsa.


mělь

c (accent-paradigm)
mě̑lь (nominative singular)
mě̑li (dual nominative)
mě̑li (nominative plural)
mělí (genitive singular)
mělьjù (dual genitive)
mělь̀jь (genitive plural)
mě̑li (dative singular)
mělьmà (dative dual)
mě̑lьmъ (dative plural)
mě̑lь (accusative singular)
mě̑li (accusative dual)
mě̑li (accusative plural)
mělьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
mělьmà (dual instrumental)
mělьmì (instrumental plural)
mělí (locative singular)
mělьjù (dual locative)
mě̑lьxъ (locative plural)
měli (singular vocative)
mě̑li (dual vocative)
mě̑li (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мѣлъ (mělŭ)

Belarusian: мел (mjel)

Russian: мель f (melʹ), мел m (mel)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мѣлъ m (mělŭ)

Old Serbo-Croatian: мѣль f

Chakavian: mẽlj m, mél m

Slovene: mẹ̑lj m (tonal orthography), mẹ̑l f

West Slavic:

Old Czech: měl m

Czech: měl f

Old Polish: miel f, miał m

Polish: miał m, mieł m (dialectal)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: měł, měłny

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *(s)mēl-i-. Cognate with Lithuanian smė̃lis (“sand”), smėlỹs (“sand”), Latvian smēlis (“fine sand”), Old Norse melr (“sandbank”) (dialectal), Swedish smula (“chunk”) (dialectal). Related to *mělъkъ (“small, shallow”). Likely related to *melti (“to grind, mill”).


melti

mèlti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
meltьje (noun-from-verb)
melti (infinitive)
meltъ (supine)
mellъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
meltъ (participle passive past)
meľemъ (participle passive present)
melvъ (active participle past)
meľę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
melsъ (aorist first-person singular)
mel (aorist second-person singular)
mel (aorist singular third-person)
meľǫ (first-person present singular)
meľeši (present second-person singular)
meľetь (present singular third-person)
melsově (aorist dual first-person)
melsta (aorist dual second-person)
melste (aorist dual third-person)
meľevě (dual first-person present)
meľeta (dual present second-person)
meľete (dual present third-person)
melsomъ (aorist first-person plural)
melste (aorist plural second-person)
melsę (aorist plural third-person)
meľemъ (first-person plural present)
meľete (plural present second-person)
meľǫtь (plural present third-person)
meľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
meľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
meľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
meľi (imperative second-person singular)
meľi (imperative singular third-person)
meľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
meľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
meľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
meľivě (dual first-person imperative)
meľita (dual imperative second-person)
meľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
meľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
meľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
meľimъ (first-person imperative plural)
meľite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: молоти (moloti)

Belarusian: мало́ць (malócʹ)

Russian: моло́ть (molótʹ)

Ukrainian: моло́ти (molóty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: млѣти (mlěti)

Glagolitic script: ⰿⰾⱑⱅⰻ (mlěti)

Bulgarian: ме́ля (mélja)

Macedonian: меле (mele)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мле̏ти, мље̏ти

Latin: mlȅti, mljȅti

Slovene: mlẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mléti

Czech: mlít

Polabian: mlåt

Old Polish: mleć

Polish: mielić (colloquial), mleć

Silesian: mleć

⇒ Silesian: melać

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: mielëc, młoc

Old Slovak:

Pannonian Rusyn: млєц (mljec)

Slovak: mlieť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: mlěć

Lower Sorbian: mlaś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *mélˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *melh₂- (“to grind”). Cognates include Lithuanian málti, German mahlen, Latin molō, Ancient Greek μύλη (múlē), Sanskrit मृणाति (mṛṇā́ti) and Hittite [script needed] (malla-ⁱ).


moča

moča (nominative singular)
moči (dual nominative)
močę̇ (nominative plural)
močę̇ (genitive singular)
moču (dual genitive)
močь (genitive plural)
moči (dative singular)
močama (dative dual)
močamъ (dative plural)
močǫ (accusative singular)
moči (accusative dual)
močę̇ (accusative plural)
močejǫ (instrumental singular)
močǫ (instrumental singular)
močama (dual instrumental)
močami (instrumental plural)
moči (locative singular)
moču (dual locative)
močasъ (locative plural)
močaxъ (locative plural)
moče (singular vocative)
moči (dual vocative)
močę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: моча f (moča)

Belarusian: мача (mača)

Russian: моча́ f (močá)

Ukrainian: міч f (mič)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Church Slavonic: моча f (moča), мочь (močĭ)

Bulgarian: моч (moč)

Macedonian: моч f (moč)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мо́ча f

Latin script: móča f

Slovene: moča m

West Slavic:

Czech: moč f

Polish: mocz m

Slovak: moč m

Sorbian

Upper Sorbian: moč m


sěra

sěra (nominative singular)
sěrě (dual nominative)
sěry (nominative plural)
sěry (genitive singular)
sěru (dual genitive)
sěrъ (genitive plural)
sěrě (dative singular)
sěrama (dative dual)
sěramъ (dative plural)
sěrǫ (accusative singular)
sěrě (accusative dual)
sěry (accusative plural)
sěrojǫ (instrumental singular)
sěrǫ (instrumental singular)
sěrama (dual instrumental)
sěrami (instrumental plural)
sěrě (locative singular)
sěru (dual locative)
sěrasъ (locative plural)
sěraxъ (locative plural)
sěro (singular vocative)
sěrě (dual vocative)
sěry (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сѣра (sěra)

Belarusian: се́ра (sjéra)

Russian: се́ра (séra)

Ukrainian: сі́ра (síra)

⇒ Ukrainian: сі́рка (sírka)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сѣра (sěra)

Bulgarian: ся́ра (sjára)

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: sjȅra

Cyrillic script: сје̏ра

West Slavic:

Old Czech: síra

Czech: síra

⇒ Kashubian: sarka

Old Polish: siara, szara

Polish: siara

⇒ Polish: siarka

Slovak: síra

⇒ Slovak: sirka

Sorbian:

⇒ Lower Sorbian: syrik (literary)

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: serë

Origin unclear.
Baltic forms (Lithuanian sierà, Latvian sērs) were likely borrowed from Old East Slavic.
It is unclear whether Old East Slavic цѣрь (cěrĭ, “sulfur”) is related.


sьrebro

sьrebrò (canonical neuter)
b (accent-paradigm)
sьrebrò (nominative singular)
sьrèbrě (dual nominative)
sьrebrà (nominative plural)
sьrebrà (genitive singular)
sьrebrù (dual genitive)
sьrèbrъ (genitive plural)
sьrebrù (dative singular)
sьrebròma (dative dual)
sьrebròmъ (dative plural)
sьrebrò (accusative singular)
sьrèbrě (accusative dual)
sьrebrà (accusative plural)
sьrebrъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
sьrebròmь (instrumental singular)
sьrebròma (dual instrumental)
sьrèbry (instrumental plural)
sьrebrě̀ (locative singular)
sьrebrù (dual locative)
sьrèbrěxъ (locative plural)
sьrebrò (singular vocative)
sьrèbrě (dual vocative)
sьrebrà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: сьребро (sĭrebro), серебро (serebro)

Belarusian: серабро́ (sjerabró)

Russian: серебро́ (serebró)

Ukrainian: серебро́ (serebró)

Old Novgorodian: сьбро (sĭbro)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: сьрєбро (sĭrebro), сърєбро (sŭrebro)

Glagolitic: ⱄⱐⱃⰵⰱⱃⱁ (sĭrebro), ⱄⱏⱃⰵⰱⱃⱁ (sŭrebro)

Macedonian: сребро (srebro)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: срѐбро

Latin script: srèbro

Slovene: srebrọ̑ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: stříbro

Kashubian: strzébro

desctree

Old Polish: śrzebro, jrzebro, strzebro, śrebro
Polish: srebro
→ Belarusian: срэ́бра (srébra)
→ Ukrainian: срі́бло (sríblo)
Silesian: strzybło

Polabian: srebrü

Slovak: striebro

→ Carpathian Rusyn: стрі́бро (stríbro)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: slěbro

Lower Sorbian: slobro, slabro

A wanderword from a non-Indo-European language, perhaps originally substrate. Compare Lithuanian sidãbras, Latvian sidrabs, sudrabs, Old Prussian sirablan, and to the west, Proto-Germanic *silubrą, Basque zilar, and Proto-Berber *a-ẓrəf.


zidъ

zidъ (nominative singular)
zida (dual nominative)
zidi (nominative plural)
zida (genitive singular)
zidu (dual genitive)
zidъ (genitive plural)
zidu (dative singular)
zidoma (dative dual)
zidomъ (dative plural)
zidъ (accusative singular)
zida (accusative dual)
zidy (accusative plural)
zidъmь (instrumental singular)
zidomь (instrumental singular)
zidoma (dual instrumental)
zidy (instrumental plural)
zidě (locative singular)
zidu (dual locative)
ziděxъ (locative plural)
zide (singular vocative)
zida (dual vocative)
zidi (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: зъдъ (zŭdŭ), зьдъ (zĭdŭ), зьдь (zĭdĭ)

Bulgarian: зид (zid), дзид (dzid) (dialectal)

Macedonian: ѕид (dzid)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: зи̑д, за̑д; ѕьд (Torlakian dialects)

Latin script: zȋd, zȃd

Slovene: zȋd (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: zeď

Kashubian: zyd

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: zid

→ Romanian: zid

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *źéidis,*źéidas, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeyǵʰ- (“knead clay, coat with loam”) via metathesis. Cognate with Old Prussian seydis. (i.e zeydis, with s due to German orthography).


mědь

mě̀dь (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
mě̀dь (nominative singular)
mě̀di (dual nominative)
mě̀di (nominative plural)
mě̀dī (genitive singular)
mě̀dьju (dual genitive)
mě̀dьjь (genitive plural)
mě̀di (dative singular)
mě̀dьma (dative dual)
mě̀dьmъ (dative plural)
mě̀dь (accusative singular)
mě̀di (accusative dual)
mě̀di (accusative plural)
mě̀dьjǫ (instrumental singular)
mě̀dьma (dual instrumental)
mě̀dьmī (instrumental plural)
mě̀dī (locative singular)
mě̀dьju (dual locative)
mě̀dьxъ (locative plural)
mědi (singular vocative)
mě̀di (dual vocative)
mě̀di (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мѣдь (mědĭ)

Belarusian: медзь (mjedzʹ)

Russian: медь (medʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: мідь (midʹ)

Ukrainian: мідь (midʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мѣдь (mědĭ)

Glagolitic: ⰿⱑⰴⱐ (mědĭ)

Bulgarian: мед (med)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мје̏д, ме̏д

Latin: mjȅd, mȅd

Slovene: mẹ̑d (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: měd

Czech: měď

Polish: miedź

Slovak: meď

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: měź

Upper Sorbian: mjedź

Perhaps related to Proto-Germanic *smiþaz, Ancient Greek σμῑ́λη (smī́lē), Proto-Celtic *meinis, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)meh₁y- (“to mince, to twist”). Bernecker conjectures a possible relation between the Slavic term and Hittite [script needed] (miti-, “reddish”). The latter may be the origin of the name of the mythical King Μίδας (Mídas) (of Phrygian origin) who, according to the legend, was cursed to transform any object he touched into gold. Possibly cognate with "medъ".


svinьcь

svinьcь (nominative singular)
svinьca (dual nominative)
svinьci (nominative plural)
svinьca (genitive singular)
svinьcu (dual genitive)
svinьcь (genitive plural)
svinьcu (dative singular)
svinьcema (dative dual)
svinьcemъ (dative plural)
svinьcь (accusative singular)
svinьca (accusative dual)
svinьcę̇ (accusative plural)
svinьcьmь (instrumental singular)
svinьcemь (instrumental singular)
svinьcema (dual instrumental)
svinьci (instrumental plural)
svinьci (locative singular)
svinьcu (dual locative)
svinьcixъ (locative plural)
svinьče (singular vocative)
svinьca (dual vocative)
svinьci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: свиньць (svinĭcĭ)

Belarusian: свіне́ц (svinjéc)

desctree

Russian: свине́ц (svinéc), свине́цъ (svinéc) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Kildin Sami: выӊӊҍц (vyn̥n̥’c)
→ Yakut: сибиниэс (sibinies)

Ukrainian: свине́ць (svynécʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: свиньць (svinĭcĭ)

Glagolitic script: [Term?]

Slovene: svínəc (tonal orthography)

From *svinъ + *-ьcь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *śwīnas, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwi-no- (“light-colored metal”) or *ḱwī-no-.
Cognate with Lithuanian švìnas and Latvian svins.


dobyťa

dobyťa (nominative singular)
dobyťi (dual nominative)
dobyťę̇ (nominative plural)
dobyťę̇ (genitive singular)
dobyťu (dual genitive)
dobyťь (genitive plural)
dobyťi (dative singular)
dobyťama (dative dual)
dobyťamъ (dative plural)
dobyťǫ (accusative singular)
dobyťi (accusative dual)
dobyťę̇ (accusative plural)
dobyťejǫ (instrumental singular)
dobyťǫ (instrumental singular)
dobyťama (dual instrumental)
dobyťami (instrumental plural)
dobyťi (locative singular)
dobyťu (dual locative)
dobyťasъ (locative plural)
dobyťaxъ (locative plural)
dobyťe (singular vocative)
dobyťi (dual vocative)
dobyťę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: добыча (dobyča)

Ukrainian: добич (dobyč), dial. добича (dobyča)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian::

Cyrillic script: доби́ћа

Latin script: dobíća

Slovene: dobíča

West Slavic:

Polish: zdobycz


buřelomъ

buřelomъ (nominative singular)
buřeloma (dual nominative)
buřelomi (nominative plural)
buřeloma (genitive singular)
buřelomu (dual genitive)
buřelomъ (genitive plural)
buřelomu (dative singular)
buřelomoma (dative dual)
buřelomomъ (dative plural)
buřelomъ (accusative singular)
buřeloma (accusative dual)
buřelomy (accusative plural)
buřelomъmь (instrumental singular)
buřelomomь (instrumental singular)
buřelomoma (dual instrumental)
buřelomy (instrumental plural)
buřelomě (locative singular)
buřelomu (dual locative)
buřeloměxъ (locative plural)
buřelome (singular vocative)
buřeloma (dual vocative)
buřelomi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: буралом (buralóm)

Russian: бурело́м (burelóm), (dialectal) быролом (byrolom)

Ukrainian: бурело́м (burelóm), (dialectal) буролом (burolom)


nevidimъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *nevidimъ (hard)

Definite declension of *nevidimъ (hard)

nevidimъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
nevidima (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
nevidimo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
nevidima (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
nevidimy (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
nevidima (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
nevidimu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
nevidimě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
nevidimu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
nevidimъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
nevidimǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
nevidimo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
nevidimomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
nevidimojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
nevidimomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
nevidimě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
nevidimě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
nevidimě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
nevidime (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
nevidimo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
nevidimo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
nevidima (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
nevidimě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
nevidimě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
nevidimu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
nevidimu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
nevidimu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
nevidimoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
nevidimama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
nevidimoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
nevidima (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
nevidimě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
nevidimě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
nevidimoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
nevidimama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
nevidimoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
nevidimu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
nevidimu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
nevidimu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
nevidima (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
nevidimě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
nevidimě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
nevidimi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
nevidimy (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
nevidima (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
nevidimъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
nevidimъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
nevidimъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
nevidimomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
nevidimamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
nevidimomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
nevidimy (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
nevidimy (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
nevidima (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
nevidimy (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
nevidimami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
nevidimy (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
nevidiměxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
nevidimaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
nevidiměxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
nevidimi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
nevidimy (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
nevidima (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
nevidimъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
nevidimaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
nevidimoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
nevidimajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
nevidimyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
nevidimajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
nevidimujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
nevidiměji (dative definite feminine singular)
nevidimujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
nevidimъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
nevidimǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
nevidimoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
nevidimyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
nevidimǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
nevidimyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
nevidimějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
nevidiměji (definite feminine locative singular)
nevidimějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
nevidimъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
nevidimaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
nevidimoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
nevidimaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
nevidiměji (definite dual feminine nominative)
nevidiměji (definite dual neuter nominative)
nevidimuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
nevidimuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
nevidimuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
nevidimyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
nevidimyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
nevidimyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
nevidimaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
nevidiměji (accusative definite dual feminine)
nevidiměji (accusative definite dual neuter)
nevidimyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
nevidimyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
nevidimyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
nevidimuju (definite dual locative masculine)
nevidimuju (definite dual feminine locative)
nevidimuju (definite dual locative neuter)
nevidimaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
nevidiměji (definite dual feminine vocative)
nevidiměji (definite dual neuter vocative)
nevidimiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
nevidimyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
nevidimaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
nevidimъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
nevidimъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
nevidimъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
nevidimyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
nevidimyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
nevidimyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
nevidimyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
nevidimyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
nevidimaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
nevidimyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
nevidimyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
nevidimyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
nevidimyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
nevidimyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
nevidimyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
nevidimiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
nevidimyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
nevidimaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: невиди́мꙑи (nevidímyi)

Russian: неви́димый (nevídimyj), dial. невиди́м (nevidím)

Ukrainian: невидимий (nevydymyj)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: неви́дим (nevídim)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: невидим

Latin script: nevidim

From *ne- (“not”) + *vidimъ (“visible”), from *viděti.


pustyni

pustyni (nominative singular)
pustyňi (dual nominative)
pustyňę̇ (nominative plural)
pustyňę̇ (genitive singular)
pustyňu (dual genitive)
pustyňь (genitive plural)
pustyňi (dative singular)
pustyňama (dative dual)
pustyňamъ (dative plural)
pustyňǫ (accusative singular)
pustyňi (accusative dual)
pustyňę̇ (accusative plural)
pustyňejǫ (instrumental singular)
pustyňǫ (instrumental singular)
pustyňama (dual instrumental)
pustyňami (instrumental plural)
pustyňi (locative singular)
pustyňu (dual locative)
pustyňasъ (locative plural)
pustyňaxъ (locative plural)
pustyňe (singular vocative)
pustyňi (dual vocative)
pustyňę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old Ruthenian: пусты́нѧ (pustýnja), пусти́нѧ (pustínja)

Belarusian: пусты́ня (pustýnja)

Ukrainian: пусти́ня (pustýnja) (see also: пусте́ля (pustélja))

Russian: пу́стынь (pústynʹ), пусты́ня (pustýnja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: поустꙑни (pustyni)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⱆⱄⱅⱏⰻⱀⰻ (pustyni)

Bulgarian: пустиня (pustinja)

Macedonian: пустина (pustina)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пу́стиња

Latin script: pústinja

Slovene: pustínja (tonal orthography); see also: puščȃva (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: pustina, (see also: poušť)

Kashubian: pùstiniô

Polish: pustynia

Slovak: pustina, (see also: púšť)

Non-Slavic:

Romanian: pustiu

Friulian: pustot


pustъ

pȗstъ (canonical)
pustъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
pusta (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
pusto (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
pusta (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
pusty (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
pusta (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
pustu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
pustě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
pustu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
pustъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
pustǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
pusto (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
pustomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
pustojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
pustomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
pustě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
pustě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
pustě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
puste (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
pusto (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
pusto (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
pusta (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
pustě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
pustě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
pustu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
pustu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
pustu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
pustoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
pustama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
pustoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
pusta (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
pustě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
pustě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
pustoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
pustama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
pustoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
pustu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
pustu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
pustu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
pusta (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
pustě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
pustě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
pusti (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
pusty (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
pusta (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
pustъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
pustъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
pustъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
pustomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
pustamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
pustomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
pusty (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
pusty (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
pusta (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
pusty (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
pustami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
pusty (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
pustěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
pustaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
pustěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
pusti (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
pusty (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
pusta (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
pustъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
pustaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
pustoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
pustajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
pustyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
pustajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
pustujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
pustěji (dative definite feminine singular)
pustujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
pustъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
pustǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
pustoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
pustyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
pustǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
pustyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
pustějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
pustěji (definite feminine locative singular)
pustějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
pustъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
pustaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
pustoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
pustaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
pustěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
pustěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
pustuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
pustuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
pustuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
pustyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
pustyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
pustyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
pustaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
pustěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
pustěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
pustyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
pustyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
pustyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
pustuju (definite dual locative masculine)
pustuju (definite dual feminine locative)
pustuju (definite dual locative neuter)
pustaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
pustěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
pustěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
pustiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
pustyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
pustaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
pustъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
pustъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
pustъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
pustyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
pustyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
pustyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
pustyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
pustyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
pustaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
pustyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
pustyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
pustyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
pustyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
pustyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
pustyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
pustiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
pustyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
pustaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *pustъ (hard)

Definite declension of *pustъ (hard)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: пустъ (pustŭ), пустꙑи (pustyi)

Old Ruthenian: пусты́й (pustýj)

Belarusian: пусты́ (pustý)

Ukrainian: пусти́й (pustýj)

desctree

Russian: пусто́й (pustój)
Kildin Sami: пуссьт (puss’t, “fool, idiot”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: поустъ (pustŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⱆⱄⱅⱏ (pustŭ)

Bulgarian: пуст (pust)

Macedonian: пуст (pust)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пу̑ст

Latin script: pȗst

Slovene: pȗst (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: pustý

Kashubian: pùsti

Polish: pusty

Slovak: pustý

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: pusty

Lower Sorbian: pusty

→ Latvian: põsts

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: puszta

→ Romanian: pustă

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *paustas, further etymology is unknown. Cognate with Old Prussian pausto (“wild”). May be connected to Ancient Greek παῦσις (paûsis, “end, rest, pause”) (whence English pause), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂s-, but Derksen challenges this on accentual grounds.


gryzti

grỳzti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
gryzenьje (noun-from-verb)
gryzti (infinitive)
gryztъ (supine)
gryzlъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
gryzenъ (participle passive past)
gryzomъ (participle passive present)
gryzъ (active participle past)
gryzy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
gryzъ (aorist first-person singular)
gryzoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
gryze (aorist second-person singular)
gryze (aorist singular third-person)
gryzǫ (first-person present singular)
gryzeši (present second-person singular)
gryzetь (present singular third-person)
gryzově (aorist dual first-person)
gryzoxově (aorist dual first-person)
gryzeta (aorist dual second-person)
gryzosta (aorist dual second-person)
gryzete (aorist dual third-person)
gryzoste (aorist dual third-person)
gryzevě (dual first-person present)
gryzeta (dual present second-person)
gryzete (dual present third-person)
gryzomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gryzoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gryzete (aorist plural second-person)
gryzoste (aorist plural second-person)
gryzǫ (aorist plural third-person)
gryzošę (aorist plural third-person)
gryzemъ (first-person plural present)
gryzete (plural present second-person)
gryzǫtь (plural present third-person)
gryzěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gryzěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gryzěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gryzi (imperative second-person singular)
gryzi (imperative singular third-person)
gryzěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gryzěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gryzěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gryzěvě (dual first-person imperative)
gryzěta (dual imperative second-person)
gryzěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gryzěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gryzěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gryzěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
gryzěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: грꙑзти (gryzti)

Belarusian: гры́зці (hrýzci)

Russian: грызть (gryztʹ)

Ukrainian: гри́зти (hrýzty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic грꙑсти (grysti)

Glagolitic ⰳⱃⱏⰹⱄⱅⰺ (grysti)

Bulgarian: гриза́ (grizá)

Macedonian: гризе (grize)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гри̏сти

Latin script: grȉsti

Slovene: grísti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hrýzti

Czech: hrýzt

Polish: gryźć

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: grëzc

Slovincian: grëzc

Slovak: hrýzť

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *grūˀźtei. Cognate with Lithuanian gráužti (“to gnaw”) and Latvian grauzt.


dětьca

dětьca (nominative singular)
dětьcę̇ (genitive singular)
dětьci (dative singular)
dětьcǫ (accusative singular)
dětьcejǫ (instrumental singular)
dětьcǫ (instrumental singular)
dětьci (locative singular)
dětьce (singular vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: деца́ (decá)

Macedonian: де́ца (déca)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дѐца, дјѐца

Latin: dèca, djèca

Slovene: déca


dětь

dětь (nominative singular)
děti (dual nominative)
děti (nominative plural)
děti (genitive singular)
dětьju (dual genitive)
dětьjь (genitive plural)
děti (dative singular)
dětьma (dative dual)
dětьmъ (dative plural)
dětь (accusative singular)
děti (accusative dual)
děti (accusative plural)
dětьjǫ (instrumental singular)
dětьma (dual instrumental)
dětьmi (instrumental plural)
děti (locative singular)
dětьju (dual locative)
dětьxъ (locative plural)
děti (singular vocative)
děti (dual vocative)
děti (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian: дѣть

West Slavic:

Czech: dial. děť

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dēˀtis, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suckle, suck”).


bratrьja

bràtrьja (canonical)
bràtьja (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
bràtrьja (nominative singular)
bràtrьję̇ (genitive singular)
bràtrьjī (dative singular)
bràtrьjǫ (accusative singular)
bràtrьjējǫ (instrumental singular)
bràtrьjǭ (instrumental singular)
bràtrьjī (locative singular)
bràtrьje (singular vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: бра́тья pl (brátʹja)

Ukrainian: бра́ття pl (bráttja)

Old Novgorodian: братьꙗ (bratĭja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: братрьꙗ (bratrĭja), братьꙗ (bratĭja)

Glagolitic: ⰱⱃⰰⱅⱃⱐⱑ (bratrĭě), ⰱⱃⰰⱅⱐⱑ (bratĭě)

Bulgarian: братя pl (bratja)

Macedonian: браќа pl (braḱa)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бра̏ћа

Latin script: brȁća

Slovene: brátje pl

West Slavic:

Czech: bratří pl

Polish: bracia pl

Slovak: bratia pl

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: bratrojo pl

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰreh₂tr̥yeh₂-. By surface analysis, *bratrъ + *-ьja. Cognate with Ancient Greek φρατρία (phratría).