serdьnъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *serdьnъ (hard)

Definite declension of *serdьnъ (hard)

serdьnъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
serdьna (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
serdьno (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
serdьna (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
serdьny (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
serdьna (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
serdьnu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
serdьně (dative feminine indefinite singular)
serdьnu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
serdьnъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
serdьnǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
serdьno (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
serdьnomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
serdьnojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
serdьnomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
serdьně (indefinite locative masculine singular)
serdьně (feminine indefinite locative singular)
serdьně (indefinite locative neuter singular)
serdьne (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
serdьno (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
serdьno (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
serdьna (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
serdьně (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
serdьně (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
serdьnu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
serdьnu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
serdьnu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
serdьnoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
serdьnama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
serdьnoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
serdьna (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
serdьně (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
serdьně (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
serdьnoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
serdьnama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
serdьnoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
serdьnu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
serdьnu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
serdьnu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
serdьna (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
serdьně (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
serdьně (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
serdьni (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
serdьny (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
serdьna (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
serdьnъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
serdьnъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
serdьnъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
serdьnomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
serdьnamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
serdьnomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
serdьny (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
serdьny (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
serdьna (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
serdьny (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
serdьnami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
serdьny (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
serdьněxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
serdьnaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
serdьněxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
serdьni (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
serdьny (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
serdьna (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
serdьnъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
serdьnaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
serdьnoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
serdьnajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
serdьnyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
serdьnajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
serdьnujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
serdьněji (dative definite feminine singular)
serdьnujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
serdьnъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
serdьnǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
serdьnoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
serdьnyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
serdьnǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
serdьnyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
serdьnějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
serdьněji (definite feminine locative singular)
serdьnějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
serdьnъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
serdьnaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
serdьnoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
serdьnaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
serdьněji (definite dual feminine nominative)
serdьněji (definite dual neuter nominative)
serdьnuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
serdьnuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
serdьnuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
serdьnyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
serdьnyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
serdьnyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
serdьnaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
serdьněji (accusative definite dual feminine)
serdьněji (accusative definite dual neuter)
serdьnyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
serdьnyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
serdьnyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
serdьnuju (definite dual locative masculine)
serdьnuju (definite dual feminine locative)
serdьnuju (definite dual locative neuter)
serdьnaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
serdьněji (definite dual feminine vocative)
serdьněji (definite dual neuter vocative)
serdьniji (definite masculine nominative plural)
serdьnyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
serdьnaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
serdьnъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
serdьnъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
serdьnъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
serdьnyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
serdьnyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
serdьnyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
serdьnyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
serdьnyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
serdьnaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
serdьnyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
serdьnyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
serdьnyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
serdьnyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
serdьnyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
serdьnyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
serdьniji (definite masculine plural vocative)
serdьnyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
serdьnaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: сярэ́дні (sjarédni)

Russian: сере́дний (serédnij) (dialectal or archaic)

Carpathian Rusyn: сере́дный (serédnŷj)

Ukrainian: сере́дній (serédnij)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: срѣдьнъ (srědĭnŭ), срѣдьн҄ь (srědĭnʹĭ)

→ Russian: сре́дний (srédnij)

Bulgarian: сре́ден (sréden)

Macedonian: среден (sreden)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сре̏дњӣ

Latin script: srȅdnji

Slovene: srẹ̑dnji (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: strzédny

Old Czech: střědní

Czech: střední

desctree

Old Polish: śrzedni
Polish: średni
⇒ Silesian: postrzedni

Old Slovak: sredný, stredný

Pannonian Rusyn: штреднї (štrednji)

Slovak: stredný

serdьňь

Slovenian, Czech, Polish, Pannonian Rusyn, East Slavic


mitъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *mitъ (hard)

Definite declension of *mitъ (hard)

mitъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
mita (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
mito (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
mita (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
mity (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
mita (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
mitu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
mitě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
mitu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
mitъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
mitǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
mito (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
mitomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
mitojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
mitomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
mitě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
mitě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
mitě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
mite (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
mito (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
mito (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
mita (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
mitě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
mitě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
mitu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
mitu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
mitu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
mitoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
mitama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
mitoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
mita (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
mitě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
mitě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
mitoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
mitama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
mitoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
mitu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
mitu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
mitu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
mita (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
mitě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
mitě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
miti (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
mity (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
mita (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
mitъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
mitъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
mitъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
mitomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
mitamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
mitomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
mity (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
mity (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
mita (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
mity (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
mitami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
mity (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
mitěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
mitaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
mitěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
miti (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
mity (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
mita (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
mitъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
mitaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
mitoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
mitajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
mityję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
mitajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
mitujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
mitěji (dative definite feminine singular)
mitujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
mitъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
mitǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
mitoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
mityjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
mitǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
mityjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
mitějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
mitěji (definite feminine locative singular)
mitějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
mitъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
mitaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
mitoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
mitaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
mitěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
mitěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
mituju (definite dual genitive masculine)
mituju (definite dual feminine genitive)
mituju (definite dual genitive neuter)
mityjima (dative definite dual masculine)
mityjima (dative definite dual feminine)
mityjima (dative definite dual neuter)
mitaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
mitěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
mitěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
mityjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
mityjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
mityjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
mituju (definite dual locative masculine)
mituju (definite dual feminine locative)
mituju (definite dual locative neuter)
mitaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
mitěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
mitěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
mitiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
mityję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
mitaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
mitъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
mitъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
mitъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
mityjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
mityjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
mityjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
mityję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
mityję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
mitaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
mityjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
mityjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
mityjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
mityjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
mityjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
mityjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
mitiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
mityję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
mitaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: мит (mit) (dialectal)

⇒ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: у̀сумит

Latin script: ùsumit

From Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to exchange”) + *-tъ. Probably deverbial from Proto-Balto-Slavic *mīˀtei (“to turn, to change”), attested in Latvian mît (“to exchange”).


mitъ

mitъ (nominative singular)
mita (dual nominative)
miti (nominative plural)
mita (genitive singular)
mitu (dual genitive)
mitъ (genitive plural)
mitu (dative singular)
mitoma (dative dual)
mitomъ (dative plural)
mitъ (accusative singular)
mita (accusative dual)
mity (accusative plural)
mitъmь (instrumental singular)
mitomь (instrumental singular)
mitoma (dual instrumental)
mity (instrumental plural)
mitě (locative singular)
mitu (dual locative)
mitěxъ (locative plural)
mite (singular vocative)
mita (dual vocative)
miti (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ми̏т (dialectal)

Latin script: mȉt (dialectal)


vitędzь

vìtędzь (canonical masculine)
a (accent-paradigm)
vìtędzь (nominative singular)
vìtędza (dual nominative)
vìtędzi (nominative plural)
vìtędza (genitive singular)
vìtędzu (dual genitive)
vìtędzь (genitive plural)
vìtędzu (dative singular)
vìtędzema (dative dual)
vìtędzēmъ (dative plural)
vìtędzь (accusative singular)
vìtędza (accusative dual)
vìtędzę̇ (accusative plural)
vìtędzьmь (instrumental singular)
vìtędzemь (instrumental singular)
vìtędzema (dual instrumental)
vìtędzī (instrumental plural)
vìtędzi (locative singular)
vìtędzu (dual locative)
vìtędzīxъ (locative plural)
vìtęže (singular vocative)
vìtędza (dual vocative)
vìtędzi (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

desc

Bulgarian: ви́тег (víteg), ви́тез (vítez), ви́тец (vítec)

Macedonian: витез (vitez)

Serbian Church Slavonic: витѧѕь

desctree

→ Old East Slavic: витѧзь
Old Ruthenian: ви́тѧзь (vítjazʹ)
Belarusian: ві́цязь (vícjazʹ) (archaic)
Carpathian Rusyn: ві́тязь (vítjazʹ)
Ukrainian: ви́тязь (výtjazʹ)
→ Middle Russian: ви́тѧзь (vítjazʹ), ви́тезь (vítezʹ)
Russian: ви́тязь (vítjazʹ) (archaic)
→ Bulgarian: ви́тяз (vítjaz), витéз (vitéz)
→ Polish: witeź (obsolete)

→ Hungarian: vitéz

→ Romanian: viteaz

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ви̏те̄з

Latin script: vȉtēz

Slovene: vȋtez (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vítěz

Czech: vítěz

Polish: wiciądz (archaic)

Old Slovak: víťaz, vítez

desc

Pannonian Rusyn: витяз (vitjaz), витиз (vitiz)

Slovak: víťaz

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wićaz

Based on the ethnonym Proto-Germanic *wīkingaz (whence Old Norse víkingr). Of uncertain ultimate origin; more at Vikings.
Similar semantic shift ethnonym → hero, legendary figure is also found in Old Polish obrzym (“giant”), from Proto-Slavic *ob(ъ)rinъ, originally meant "Avar".
According to Brückner and Machek, medial -t- probably is due to the influence of Proto-Slavic *vitěnьcь (“provider, supplier, guardian”) from Proto-Slavic *viti (“to twine, to curve”). Compare Old Church Slavonic възвитъ (vŭzvitŭ, “provisions, supply”).


-stъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *-stъ (hard)

Definite declension of *-stъ (hard)

-stъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
-sta (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
-sto (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
-sta (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
-sty (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
-sta (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
-stu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
-stě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
-stu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
-stъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
-stǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
-sto (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
-stomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
-stojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
-stomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
-stě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
-stě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
-stě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
-ste (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
-sto (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
-sto (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
-sta (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
-stě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
-stě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
-stu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
-stu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
-stu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
-stoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
-stama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
-stoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
-sta (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
-stě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
-stě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
-stoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
-stama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
-stoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
-stu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
-stu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
-stu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
-sta (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
-stě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
-stě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
-sti (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
-sty (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
-sta (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
-stъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
-stъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
-stъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
-stomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
-stamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
-stomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
-sty (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
-sty (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
-sta (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
-sty (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
-stami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
-sty (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
-stěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
-staxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
-stěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
-sti (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
-sty (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
-sta (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
-stъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
-staja (definite feminine nominative singular)
-stoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
-stajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
-styję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
-stajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
-stujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
-stěji (dative definite feminine singular)
-stujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
-stъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
-stǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
-stoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
-styjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
-stǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
-styjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
-stějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
-stěji (definite feminine locative singular)
-stějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
-stъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
-staja (definite feminine singular vocative)
-stoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
-staja (definite dual masculine nominative)
-stěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
-stěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
-stuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
-stuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
-stuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
-styjima (dative definite dual masculine)
-styjima (dative definite dual feminine)
-styjima (dative definite dual neuter)
-staja (accusative definite dual masculine)
-stěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
-stěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
-styjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
-styjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
-styjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
-stuju (definite dual locative masculine)
-stuju (definite dual feminine locative)
-stuju (definite dual locative neuter)
-staja (definite dual masculine vocative)
-stěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
-stěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
-stiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
-styję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
-staja (definite neuter nominative plural)
-stъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
-stъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
-stъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
-styjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
-styjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
-styjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
-styję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
-styję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
-staja (accusative definite neuter plural)
-styjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
-styjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
-styjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
-styjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
-styjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
-styjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
-stiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
-styję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
-staja (definite neuter plural vocative)

Uncertain. May reflect:
* Fossilized 0-grade of the root Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stay, to stand”), effectively meaning in the state of X. Similar semantic development of the PIE root is found in Irish tá (“to be, to have been”) (present tense copula);
* From Proto-Indo-European *-st-o-, similar to Proto-Slavic *-skъ;
* From dissimilation of Proto-Indo-European *-tt-/*-d⁽ʰ⁾t- > Proto-Slavic *-st- or from Proto-Indo-European *-ḱt- > Proto-Slavic *-st-. Compare Proto-Slavic *tьstь (“father-in-law”).
Cognate with Lithuanian -stas, -štas (e.g. Lithuanian áukštas (“high”), karštas (“hot”)), Latvian -sts (e.g. Latvian mīksts (“soft”)). Perhaps related to the sta-present in Baltic.

der

→ *gǫstъ (“dense”)

→ *čęstъ (“frequent”)

→ *pustъ (“deserted, barren”)

xoliti (“to make spacious”) → *xolstъ (“idle”)

Forms adjectives related to distribution and density:

pro (“through”) → *prostъ (“simple”)

Forms adjectives depicting a state or a feature:


-stъ

-stъ (nominative singular)
-sta (dual nominative)
-sti (nominative plural)
-sta (genitive singular)
-stu (dual genitive)
-stъ (genitive plural)
-stu (dative singular)
-stoma (dative dual)
-stomъ (dative plural)
-stъ (accusative singular)
-sta (accusative dual)
-sty (accusative plural)
-stъmь (instrumental singular)
-stomь (instrumental singular)
-stoma (dual instrumental)
-sty (instrumental plural)
-stě (locative singular)
-stu (dual locative)
-stěxъ (locative plural)
-ste (singular vocative)
-sta (dual vocative)
-sti (plural vocative)

perti (“to press”) (present stem *pьr-) → *pьrstъ (“finger”)

Forms nouns depicting objects or instruments:

orsti (“to grow”) → *orstъ, *rъstъ (“height, stature”)

Forms nouns depicting states or measures:


sъdorvьje

sъdòrvьje (canonical neuter)
a (accent-paradigm)
sъdorvьje (nominative singular)
sъdorvьji (dual nominative)
sъdorvьja (nominative plural)
sъdorvьja (genitive singular)
sъdorvьju (dual genitive)
sъdorvьjь (genitive plural)
sъdorvьju (dative singular)
sъdorvьjema (dative dual)
sъdorvьjemъ (dative plural)
sъdorvьje (accusative singular)
sъdorvьji (accusative dual)
sъdorvьja (accusative plural)
sъdorvьjьmь (instrumental singular)
sъdorvьjemь (instrumental singular)
sъdorvьjema (dual instrumental)
sъdorvьji (instrumental plural)
sъdorvьji (locative singular)
sъdorvьju (dual locative)
sъdorvьjixъ (locative plural)
sъdorvьje (singular vocative)
sъdorvьji (dual vocative)
sъdorvьja (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: съдоровие (sŭdorovie), здоровье (zdorovĭe)

Belarusian: здаро́ўе (zdaróŭje)

Russian: здоро́вье (zdoróvʹje)

Carpathian Rusyn: здоровля (zdorovlja)

Ukrainian: здоро́в'я (zdoróvʺja); здоро́вля (zdoróvlja) (dialectal)

Old Novgorodian: ꙁдоровꙑѥ (zdorovyje)

South Slavic:

desctree

Old Church Slavonic: съдравьѥ (sŭdravĭje)
Bulgarian: здра́ве (zdráve)
→ Russian: здра́вие (zdrávije)

Macedonian: здравје (zdravje)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: здра̑вље

Latin script: zdrȃvlje

Slovene: zdrȃvje (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sdravie

Czech: zdraví

Old Polish: zdrowie
Polish: zdrowie
Silesian: zdrowie

Slovak: zdravie

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: zdrowié

Slovincian: zdrôwjé

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: strowje

Lower Sorbian: strowje


něžьnъ

ně̀žьnъ (canonical)
něžьnъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
něžьna (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
něžьno (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
něžьna (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
něžьny (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
něžьna (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
něžьnu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
něžьně (dative feminine indefinite singular)
něžьnu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
něžьnъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
něžьnǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
něžьno (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
něžьnomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
něžьnojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
něžьnomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
něžьně (indefinite locative masculine singular)
něžьně (feminine indefinite locative singular)
něžьně (indefinite locative neuter singular)
něžьne (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
něžьno (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
něžьno (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
něžьna (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
něžьně (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
něžьně (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
něžьnu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
něžьnu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
něžьnu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
něžьnoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
něžьnama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
něžьnoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
něžьna (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
něžьně (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
něžьně (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
něžьnoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
něžьnama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
něžьnoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
něžьnu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
něžьnu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
něžьnu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
něžьna (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
něžьně (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
něžьně (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
něžьni (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
něžьny (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
něžьna (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
něžьnъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
něžьnъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
něžьnъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
něžьnomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
něžьnamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
něžьnomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
něžьny (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
něžьny (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
něžьna (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
něžьny (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
něžьnami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
něžьny (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
něžьněxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
něžьnaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
něžьněxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
něžьni (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
něžьny (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
něžьna (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
něžьnъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
něžьnaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
něžьnoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
něžьnajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
něžьnyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
něžьnajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
něžьnujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
něžьněji (dative definite feminine singular)
něžьnujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
něžьnъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
něžьnǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
něžьnoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
něžьnyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
něžьnǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
něžьnyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
něžьnějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
něžьněji (definite feminine locative singular)
něžьnějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
něžьnъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
něžьnaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
něžьnoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
něžьnaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
něžьněji (definite dual feminine nominative)
něžьněji (definite dual neuter nominative)
něžьnuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
něžьnuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
něžьnuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
něžьnyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
něžьnyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
něžьnyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
něžьnaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
něžьněji (accusative definite dual feminine)
něžьněji (accusative definite dual neuter)
něžьnyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
něžьnyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
něžьnyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
něžьnuju (definite dual locative masculine)
něžьnuju (definite dual feminine locative)
něžьnuju (definite dual locative neuter)
něžьnaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
něžьněji (definite dual feminine vocative)
něžьněji (definite dual neuter vocative)
něžьniji (definite masculine nominative plural)
něžьnyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
něžьnaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
něžьnъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
něžьnъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
něžьnъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
něžьnyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
něžьnyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
něžьnyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
něžьnyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
něžьnyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
něžьnaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
něžьnyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
něžьnyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
něžьnyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
něžьnyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
něžьnyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
něžьnyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
něžьniji (definite masculine plural vocative)
něžьnyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
něžьnaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *něžьnъ (hard)

Definite declension of *něžьnъ (hard)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: нѣжьнъ (něžĭnŭ)

Belarusian: не́жны (njéžny)

Russian: не́жный (néžnyj)

Ukrainian: ні́жний (nížnyj)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: нѣжьнъ (něžĭnŭ, “fragile, delicate”) (12th century)

Bulgarian: не́жен (néžen)

Macedonian: нежен (nežen)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: не̏жан, ње̏жан

Latin: nȅžan, njȅžan

Slovene: nẹ̄žen (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: něžný

Slovak: nežný

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian:

From *něga (“caress”) + *-ьnъ. Possibly akin to Latvian naigs (“quick, brisk”).


-janinъ

sla-decl-noun-table

Declension of *-janinъ (hard o-stem, consonant stem)

-janinъ (nominative singular)
-janina (dual nominative)
-jane (nominative plural)
-janinъ (accusative singular)
-janina (accusative dual)
-jany? (accusative plural)
-janinа (genitive singular)
-janinu (dual genitive)
-janъ (genitive plural)
-janině (locative singular)
-janinu (dual locative)
-janьxъ (locative plural)
-janinu (dative singular)
-janinoma (dative dual)
-janьmъ (dative plural)
-janinomь (instrumental singular)
-janinoma (dual instrumental)
-jany? (instrumental plural)
-janine (singular vocative)
-janina (dual vocative)
-jane (plural vocative)

Compound of *-janъ + *-inъ (agentive suffix), a palatalized variant of *-ěninъ, from *-ěnъ and *-aninъ.

selo (“village”) → *seľaninъ (“villager”)

gordъ (“town, bourgh”) → *gorďaninъ (“burgher”)

mirъ (“world”) → *miřaninъ (“world-dweller”)

gora (“mountain”) → *gořaninъ (“mountain-dweller”)

lęda (“open land, field”) → *lęďaninъ (“field-dweller”)

bergъ (“coast”) → *beržan(in)ъ (“coastal dweller”)

Creates male dweller terms from toponyms or place terms:


gorďaninъ

gȏrďaninъ (canonical masculine)
gorďaninъ (nominative singular)
gorďanina (dual nominative)
gorďane (nominative plural)
gorďaninъ (accusative singular)
gorďanina (accusative dual)
gorďany? (accusative plural)
gorďaninа (genitive singular)
gorďaninu (dual genitive)
gorďanъ (genitive plural)
gorďanině (locative singular)
gorďaninu (dual locative)
gorďanьxъ (locative plural)
gorďaninu (dative singular)
gorďaninoma (dative dual)
gorďanьmъ (dative plural)
gorďaninomь (instrumental singular)
gorďaninoma (dual instrumental)
gorďany? (instrumental plural)
gorďanine (singular vocative)
gorďanina (dual vocative)
gorďane (plural vocative)

Declension of *gorďaninъ (hard o-stem, consonant stem)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: горожанинъ (gorožaninŭ)

Russian: горожа́нин (gorožánin)

Ukrainian: горожа́нин (horožányn)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: гражданинъ (graždaninŭ)

Bulgarian: гра́жданин (gráždanin)

→ Russian: граждани́н (graždanín)

Macedonian: граѓанин (graǵanin)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: гра̏ђанин

Latin: grȁđanin

West Slavic:

Polish: grodzianin (“castle dweller”)

From *gȏrdъ (“fortified settlement”) + *-janinъ.
Modern descendants have become semantic loans of French bourgeois, German Großbürger, English citizen - a meaning that is attested after the Renaissance.

af

townsman, burgher (resident of a fortified settlement: town, fortress, guard)


radъ

ràdъ (canonical)
radъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
rada (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
rado (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
rada (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
rady (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
rada (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
radu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
radě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
radu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
radъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
radǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
rado (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
radomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
radojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
radomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
radě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
radě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
radě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
rade (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
rado (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
rado (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
rada (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
radě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
radě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
radu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
radu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
radu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
radoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
radama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
radoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
rada (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
radě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
radě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
radoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
radama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
radoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
radu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
radu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
radu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
rada (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
radě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
radě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
radi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
rady (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
rada (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
radъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
radъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
radъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
radomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
radamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
radomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
rady (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
rady (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
rada (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
rady (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
radami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
rady (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
raděxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
radaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
raděxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
radi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
rady (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
rada (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
radъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
radaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
radoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
radajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
radyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
radajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
radujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
raději (dative definite feminine singular)
radujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
radъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
radǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
radoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
radyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
radǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
radyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
radějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
raději (definite feminine locative singular)
radějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
radъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
radaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
radoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
radaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
raději (definite dual feminine nominative)
raději (definite dual neuter nominative)
raduju (definite dual genitive masculine)
raduju (definite dual feminine genitive)
raduju (definite dual genitive neuter)
radyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
radyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
radyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
radaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
raději (accusative definite dual feminine)
raději (accusative definite dual neuter)
radyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
radyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
radyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
raduju (definite dual locative masculine)
raduju (definite dual feminine locative)
raduju (definite dual locative neuter)
radaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
raději (definite dual feminine vocative)
raději (definite dual neuter vocative)
radiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
radyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
radaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
radъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
radъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
radъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
radyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
radyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
radyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
radyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
radyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
radaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
radyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
radyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
radyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
radyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
radyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
radyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
radiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
radyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
radaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *radъ (hard)

Definite declension of *radъ (hard)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: радъ (radŭ)

Belarusian: рады (rady)

Russian: рад (rad)

Ukrainian: ра́дий (rádyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: радъ (radŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱃⰰⰴⱏ (radŭ)

Bulgarian: рад (rad) (archaic, dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ра̏д

Latin script: rȁd

Slovene: rȁd (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: rád

Czech: rád

Polish: rad

Slovak: rád

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: rad

Upper Sorbian: rad

Uncertain. Probably from an earlier *ordъ in accordance with ᾽Αρδάγαστος, ᾽Αρδαμέρι (= *Ordogostь, *Ordoměrь). Probably from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ardas.

radovati

to gladden, to please, to rejoice, to make happy


skrini

skrìni (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
skrini (nominative singular)
skrìňi (dual nominative)
skrìňę̇ (nominative plural)
skrìňę̇ (genitive singular)
skrìňu (dual genitive)
skrìňь (genitive plural)
skrìňī (dative singular)
skrìňama (dative dual)
skrìňāmъ (dative plural)
skrìňǫ (accusative singular)
skrìňi (accusative dual)
skrìňę̇ (accusative plural)
skrìňējǫ (instrumental singular)
skrìňǭ (instrumental singular)
skrìňama (dual instrumental)
skrìňāmī (instrumental plural)
skrìňī (locative singular)
skrìňu (dual locative)
skrìňāsъ (locative plural)
skrìňe (singular vocative)
skrìňi (dual vocative)
skrìňę̇ (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: скрина (skrina)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⰽⱃⰻⱀⰰ (skrina)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: шкри̏ња, скри̏ња

Latin script: škrȉnja, skrȉnja

Slovene: skrínja (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: skrzënia

Old Czech: skříně, škříně

Czech: skříň

Old Polish: skrzynia

Polish: skrzynia

Silesian: skrzinia

→ Lithuanian: skrynia

desc

→ Old Ruthenian: скры́нꙗ (skrýnja), скри́нꙗ (skrínja)

Ukrainian: скри́ня (skrýnja)

Belarusian: скры́ня (skrýnja)

→ Russian: скрин m (skrin), скри́ня (skrínja) (dialectal)

Slovak: skriňa

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: kśinja

Upper Sorbian: křinja

Non-Slavic:

→? Hungarian: szekrény

→ Latvian: skrine

→ Lithuanian: skrynià

Borrowed from Proto-West Germanic *skrīnī (“shrine, chest”), itself from Latin scrīnium. Probably related to native Proto-Slavic *krina.


sъrěsti

sъrě̀sti (canonical perfective)
sъrětati (imperfective)
sъrětenьje (noun-from-verb)
sъrěsti (infinitive)
sъrěstъ (supine)
sъrětlъ (l-participle)
sъrětenъ (participle passive past)
sъrětъ (active participle past)
sъrětъ (aorist first-person singular)
sъrětoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sъrěte (aorist second-person singular)
sъrěte (aorist singular third-person)
sъręťǫ (first-person present singular)
sъręťeši (present second-person singular)
sъręťetь (present singular third-person)
sъrětově (aorist dual first-person)
sъrětoxově (aorist dual first-person)
sъrěteta (aorist dual second-person)
sъrětosta (aorist dual second-person)
sъrětete (aorist dual third-person)
sъrětoste (aorist dual third-person)
sъręťevě (dual first-person present)
sъręťeta (dual present second-person)
sъręťete (dual present third-person)
sъrětomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sъrětoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sъrětete (aorist plural second-person)
sъrětoste (aorist plural second-person)
sъrětǫ (aorist plural third-person)
sъrětošę (aorist plural third-person)
sъręťemъ (first-person plural present)
sъręťete (plural present second-person)
sъręťǫtь (plural present third-person)
sъręťi (imperative second-person singular)
sъręťi (imperative singular third-person)
sъręťivě (dual first-person imperative)
sъręťita (dual imperative second-person)
sъręťimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sъręťite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сърѣсти (sŭrěsti)

desc

⇒ Belarusian: встрiць (vstricʹ), сустрэ́ць (sustrécʹ)

⇒ Russian: встре́тить (vstrétitʹ), сустрекать (sustrekatʹ)

⇒ Ukrainian: зустріча́ти (zustričáty), зустрiтити (zustrityty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сърѣсти (sŭrěsti)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱏⱃⱑⱄⱅⰻ (sŭrěsti)

⇒ Bulgarian: сре́тя (srétja) (dated, dialectal), сре́щна (sréštna)

⇒ Macedonian: сретне (sretne)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сре̏сти

Latin script: srȅsti

Slovene: srẹ́sti, srẹ́čati

West Slavic:

⇒ Old Czech: střětnúti

Czech: střetnout

Old Polish: śrześć

⇒ Slovak: stretnúť

From *sъ- (“good”) + an obscure element *rět- with an epenthetic -s-, possibly from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wrēt- or *rēt-, also found in Proto-Slavic *obrěsti (“to find, encounter”). Cognate with Lithuanian surė̃sti (“to seize”).

cog

sъręťu

*sъręťa (“meeting, lucky encounter, fortune”)


tǫda

East Slavic:

Belarusian: туды́ (tudý)

Russian: туда́ (tudá)

Ukrainian: туди́ (tudý), туда́ (tudá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: тѫдоу (tǫdu)

desc

Bulgarian: тъдя́ (tǎdjá), тъдя́ва (tǎdjáva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ту̀да̑

Latin script: tùda

Slovene: tо̣̑d, tọ̑daj

West Slavic:

Old Czech: tudy

Czech: tudy

Old Polish: tędy

Polish: tędy

Slovak: tudy


sǫda

East Slavic:

Belarusian: сюды́ (sjudý)

desctree

Russian: сюда́ (sjudá)
Solombala English: сюда (sjuda)

Ukrainian: сюди́ (sjudý)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сѫдоу (sǫdu)

Bulgarian: съде (sǎde)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: су̀ду

Latin script: sùdu

Slovene: sо̣̑d

West Slavic:

Czech: -sud (only with prefix, e.g. odsud)


vьśegъda

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вьсегда (vĭsegda)

Old Ruthenian: всегда (vsehda)

Ukrainian: усі́гди (usíhdy)

⇒ Belarusian: заўсёды (zaŭsjódy)

⇒ Ukrainian: за́всі́ди (závsídy), за́всі́гди́ (závsíhdý), завсю́ди (zavsjúdy), осі́гди (osíhdy)

Russian: всегда́ (vsegdá)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: възда (vǎzda)

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: вьсегда (vĭsegda)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сва̏гда, ва̏зда

Latin script: svȁgda, vȁzda

Slovene: vsègdar, vsîgdar, vazdar

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vešdy

Czech: vždy

Old Polish: wszegdy

Polish: wżdy (archaic)

⇒ Polish: zawżdy

desc

→ Old Ruthenian: завжды (zavždy), завзды (zavzdy), завжы (zavžy), зажды (zaždy)

Belarusian: заўжды́ (zaŭždý)

Ukrainian: за́вжди́ (závždý), за́вгди (závhdy), за́вди (závdy), за́вжде (závžde), за́вда (závda)

Slovak: vždy

From *vьśь + *gъda (genitive singular of *godъ), literally "at all time".


vьśamo

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вьсѣмо (vĭsěmo)

Russian: всям (vsjam)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: вьсѣмо (vĭsěmo)

Serbo-Croatian: svamo

West Slavic:

Old Czech: všamo


vьśako

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вьсакъ (vĭsakŭ)

Belarusian: вся́кы (vsjáky), уся́кы (usjáky)

Russian: вся́кий (vsjákij)

Ukrainian: вся́кий (vsjákyj), уся́кий (usjákyj)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: все́ки (vséki), всякак (vsjakak)

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: вьсакъ (vĭsakŭ), Old Cyrillic script: вьсѣкъ (vĭsěkŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сва̏к

Latin script: svȁk

Slovene: vsak

West Slavic:

Old Czech: všako

Czech: však

Old Polish: wszako

Polish: wszak

Slovak: však


vьśǫdu

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вьсѭду (vĭsjǫdu)

Belarusian: всюды (vsjudy), усю́ды (usjúdy)

Russian: всю́ду (vsjúdu)

Ukrainian: всю́ди (vsjúdy), усю́ди (usjúdy)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: вьсѫду (vĭsǫdu)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⱐⱄⱘⰴⱆ (vĭsǫdu)

Bulgarian: навсъде́ (navsǎdé) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сву̀да

Latin script: svùda

Slovene: povsôdi

West Slavic:

Old Czech: všudy

Czech: všude

Old Polish: wszędy

Polish: wszędy

Old Slovak: všade

Pannonian Rusyn: вшадзи (všadzi)

Slovak: všade

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wšudźe

Lower Sorbian: wšudy, wšuźi


xvatati

xvatanьje (noun-from-verb)
xvatati (infinitive)
xvatatъ (supine)
xvatalъ (l-participle)
xvatanъ (participle passive past)
xvatajemъ (participle passive present)
xvatavъ (active participle past)
xvataję (active participle present)
xvataxъ (aorist first-person singular)
xvata (aorist second-person singular)
xvata (aorist singular third-person)
xvatajǫ (first-person present singular)
xvataješi (present second-person singular)
xvatajetь (present singular third-person)
xvataxově (aorist dual first-person)
xvatasta (aorist dual second-person)
xvataste (aorist dual third-person)
xvatajevě (dual first-person present)
xvatajeta (dual present second-person)
xvatajete (dual present third-person)
xvataxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
xvataste (aorist plural second-person)
xvatašę (aorist plural third-person)
xvatajemъ (first-person plural present)
xvatajete (plural present second-person)
xvatajǫtь (plural present third-person)
xvataaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
xvataaše (imperfect second-person singular)
xvataaše (imperfect singular third-person)
xvataji (imperative second-person singular)
xvataji (imperative singular third-person)
xvataaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
xvataašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
xvataašete (dual imperfect third-person)
xvatajivě (dual first-person imperative)
xvatajita (dual imperative second-person)
xvataaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
xvataašete (imperfect plural second-person)
xvataaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
xvatajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
xvatajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: хватити (xvatiti)

Belarusian: хвата́ць (xvatácʹ)

Russian: хвата́ть (xvatátʹ)

Ukrainian: хвата́ти (xvatáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: хватати (xvatati)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: хва́щам (hváštam) хва́тя (hvátja) (archaic, dialectal)

Macedonian: фа́ќа (fáḱa)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: хва̏тати

Latin script: hvȁtati

Slovene: hvátati

West Slavic:

Old Czech: chvátati

Czech: chvátat

Bohemian (Chod dialect): chvátat

Polish: chwatać, chwytać (mutual contamination with "chycić", current "chwycić")

Slovak: сhvátаť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: chwatać

Lower Sorbian: chwataś


polъ

pólъ (canonical masculine)
a (accent-paradigm)
polъ (nominative singular)
pòla (dual nominative)
pòli (nominative plural)
pòla (genitive singular)
pòlu (dual genitive)
pòlъ (genitive plural)
pòlu (dative singular)
pòloma (dative dual)
pòlomъ (dative plural)
polъ (accusative singular)
pòla (accusative dual)
pòly (accusative plural)
pòlъmь (instrumental singular)
pòlomь (instrumental singular)
pòloma (dual instrumental)
pòlȳ (instrumental plural)
pòlě (locative singular)
pòlu (dual locative)
pòlě̄xъ (locative plural)
pòle (singular vocative)
pòla (dual vocative)
pòli (plural vocative)
polъ (nominative singular)
poly (dual nominative)
polove (nominative plural)
polu (genitive singular)
polovu (dual genitive)
polovъ (genitive plural)
polovi (dative singular)
polъma (dative dual)
polъmъ (dative plural)
polъ (accusative singular)
poly (accusative dual)
poly (accusative plural)
polъmь (instrumental singular)
polъma (dual instrumental)
polъmi (instrumental plural)
polu (locative singular)
polovu (dual locative)
polъxъ (locative plural)
polu (singular vocative)
poly (dual vocative)
polove (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: полъ (polŭ)

Belarusian: пол (pol)

Russian: пол (pol)

Ukrainian: пів (piv)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: полъ (polŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⱁⰾⱏ (polŭ)

Bulgarian: пол (pol)

Macedonian: пол (pol)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: по̑л, по̑

Latin script: pȏl, pȏ

Slovene: ро̑l

West Slavic:

Old Czech: pól
Czech: půl

desctree

Old Polish: pół
Polish: pół
Silesian: pōł

Slovak: роl

Polabian: pöl

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: pół

Slovincian: pól

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: poł

Lower Sorbian: pół

Probably from Proto-Balto-Slavic, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pelH- (“to chop, to separate”). Compare Proto-Slavic *polъka, *polica (“shelf, file”); see Lithuanian spãlis (“flax boon; October”) for more potential cognates.

cog

na onomь polu

orzděľati polъma

member of a pair of options → gender, sex


polъ

pólъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
pȍlъ (nominative singular)
pȍla (dual nominative)
pȍli (nominative plural)
pȍla (genitive singular)
polù (dual genitive)
pòlъ (genitive plural)
pȍlu (dative singular)
polomà (dative dual)
polòmъ (dative plural)
pȍlъ (accusative singular)
pȍla (accusative dual)
pȍly (accusative plural)
pȍlъmь (instrumental singular)
pȍlomь (instrumental singular)
polomà (dual instrumental)
polý (instrumental plural)
pȍlě (locative singular)
polù (dual locative)
polě̃xъ (locative plural)
pole (singular vocative)
pȍla (dual vocative)
pȍli (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: пол (pol)

Russian: пол (pol)

Ukrainian: пол (pol)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: поли́ pl (polí, “fells, slopes (of mountain)”)

Either identical with Etymology 1 or from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to cover, to span, to fold”), *pleh₂- (“to flatten”).


šęga

šę̋ga (canonical feminine)
šęga (nominative singular)
šędzě (dual nominative)
šęgy (nominative plural)
šęgy (genitive singular)
šęgu (dual genitive)
šęgъ (genitive plural)
šędzě (dative singular)
šęgama (dative dual)
šęgamъ (dative plural)
šęgǫ (accusative singular)
šędzě (accusative dual)
šęgy (accusative plural)
šęgojǫ (instrumental singular)
šęgǫ (instrumental singular)
šęgama (dual instrumental)
šęgami (instrumental plural)
šędzě (locative singular)
šęgu (dual locative)
šęgasъ (locative plural)
šęgaxъ (locative plural)
šęgo (singular vocative)
šędzě (dual vocative)
šęgy (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: шѧга

→ Russian: шега (šega)

Bulgarian: шега́ (šegá)

Macedonian: шега (šega)

Slovene: šẹ́ga (“disposition, cunning”)

From an earlier *xęga, attested mainly in South Slavic and from there spread into East Slavic. Probably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)keng- (“to tilt, to skew”) or perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ksen- (compare Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to scrape, to mow”), *ksew- (“to hinder”)).


věnьcь

věnь̀cь (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
věnь̀cь (nominative singular)
věnьcà (dual nominative)
věnьcì (nominative plural)
věnьcà (genitive singular)
věnьcù (dual genitive)
věnь̀cь (genitive plural)
věnьcù (dative singular)
věnьcèma (dative dual)
věnь̀cemъ (dative plural)
věnь̀cь (accusative singular)
věnьcà (accusative dual)
věnьcę̇̀ (accusative plural)
věnьcь̀mь (instrumental singular)
věnьcèmь (instrumental singular)
věnьcèma (dual instrumental)
věnь̀ci (instrumental plural)
věnьcì (locative singular)
věnьcù (dual locative)
věnь̀cixъ (locative plural)
věnьče (singular vocative)
věnьcà (dual vocative)
věnьcì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вѣньць (věnĭcĭ)

desc

Old Ruthenian: вѣнець (věnecʹ) (Old Ukrainian), вѣнецъ (věnecʹ) (Old Belarusian)

Belarusian: вене́ц (vjenjéc)

Ukrainian: віне́ць (vinécʹ)

Russian: вене́ц (venéc)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: вѣньць (věnĭcĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⱑⱀⱐⱌⱐ (věnĭcĭ)

Bulgarian: вене́ц (venéc, “wreath; rim, oral gum”)

Macedonian: венец (venec)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ве́нац

Latin script: vénac

Slovene: vénəc (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: věnec

Czech: věnec

Bohemian (Chod dialect): věnec

Old Polish: wieniec

Polish: wieniec

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: wińc

Slovak: venec

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wěnc

Upper Sorbian: wěnc

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *waiˀníkas, from Proto-Indo-European *woyh₁níkos.
See also Lithuanian vainikas (“garland”), Latvian vainags (“crown, wreath”), vaîņuks (dialectal) (cognate with Proto-Slavic *věnъkъ).

Marko Snoj
be:Аркадзь Іосіфавіч Жураўскі
uk:Гринчишин Дмитро Григорович


pečara

West Slavic:

Czech: pečárka

Slovak: pečiarka

Polish: pieczarka

South Slavic:

→ Slovene: pečárka

West Slavic phonetic variant of *pečěra.


pečěra

East Slavic:

Russian: печери́ца (pečeríca)

Ukrainian: печери́ця (pečerýcja)

South Slavic:

→ Slovene: pečárka

West Slavic:

Czech: pečárka

Polish: pieczarka

Slovak: pečiarka

Common East and West Slavic dialectal *pek- (“to bake, to roast”) + *-ēra. Compare South Slavic cognate *pečura.

edible agaric, champignon (mushroom consumed mainly roasted and dried)


-ьma

-ьma (nominative singular)
-ьmě (dual nominative)
-ьmy (nominative plural)
-ьmy (genitive singular)
-ьmu (dual genitive)
-ьmъ (genitive plural)
-ьmě (dative singular)
-ьmama (dative dual)
-ьmamъ (dative plural)
-ьmǫ (accusative singular)
-ьmě (accusative dual)
-ьmy (accusative plural)
-ьmojǫ (instrumental singular)
-ьmǫ (instrumental singular)
-ьmama (dual instrumental)
-ьmami (instrumental plural)
-ьmě (locative singular)
-ьmu (dual locative)
-ьmasъ (locative plural)
-ьmaxъ (locative plural)
-ьmo (singular vocative)
-ьmě (dual vocative)
-ьmy (plural vocative)

kъrčiti → *kъrčьma (“tavern”)

kùčati (“to bend, to bow”) → *kučьma (“crest”)

vě̀děti (“to foresee”) → *vě̀dьma (“witch”)

rъvàti (“to tear”) → *rьzьma (“escarp, slope”)


dъmuxati

dъmuxanьje (noun-from-verb)
dъmuxati (infinitive)
dъmuxatъ (supine)
dъmuxalъ (l-participle)
dъmuxanъ (participle passive past)
dъmuxajemъ (participle passive present)
dъmuxavъ (active participle past)
dъmuxaję (active participle present)
dъmuxaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dъmuxa (aorist second-person singular)
dъmuxa (aorist singular third-person)
dъmuxajǫ (first-person present singular)
dъmuxaješi (present second-person singular)
dъmuxajetь (present singular third-person)
dъmuxaxově (aorist dual first-person)
dъmuxasta (aorist dual second-person)
dъmuxaste (aorist dual third-person)
dъmuxajevě (dual first-person present)
dъmuxajeta (dual present second-person)
dъmuxajete (dual present third-person)
dъmuxaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dъmuxaste (aorist plural second-person)
dъmuxašę (aorist plural third-person)
dъmuxajemъ (first-person plural present)
dъmuxajete (plural present second-person)
dъmuxajǫtь (plural present third-person)
dъmuxaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dъmuxaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dъmuxaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dъmuxaji (imperative second-person singular)
dъmuxaji (imperative singular third-person)
dъmuxaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dъmuxaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dъmuxaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dъmuxajivě (dual first-person imperative)
dъmuxajita (dual imperative second-person)
dъmuxaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dъmuxaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dъmuxaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dъmuxajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dъmuxajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: дму́хаць (dmúxacʹ)

Russian: дму́хать (dmúxatʹ)

Ukrainian: дму́хати (dmúxaty)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dmýchati

Czech: dmýchat

Kashubian: dmùchac

Polish: dmuchać

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: dmuchaś

From *dъmuxъ + *-ati, possibly a conflation of *dǫti (“to blow, to inflate”) with *duxati (“to blow”). Limited to West and East Slavic.


vorbьľь

vorbь̀ľь (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
vorbь̀ľь (nominative singular)
vorbьľà (dual nominative)
vorbьľì (nominative plural)
vorbьľà (genitive singular)
vorbьľù (dual genitive)
vorbь̀ľь (genitive plural)
vorbьľù (dative singular)
vorbьľèma (dative dual)
vorbь̀ľemъ (dative plural)
vorbь̀ľь (accusative singular)
vorbьľà (accusative dual)
vorbьľę̇̀ (accusative plural)
vorbьľь̀mь (instrumental singular)
vorbьľèmь (instrumental singular)
vorbьľèma (dual instrumental)
vorbь̀ľi (instrumental plural)
vorbьľì (locative singular)
vorbьľù (dual locative)
vorbь̀ľixъ (locative plural)
vorbьľu (singular vocative)
vorbьľà (dual vocative)
vorbьľì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: ворабе́ль (vorabélʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: врабец (vrabec); врабче (vrabče)

Slovene: vrábelj (dialectal)

→ Albanian: harabel

West Slavic:

Czech: vrabel (dialectal)

Kashubian: warbel

Polabian: vorble pl

Old Polish: wrobl; Wróblew (toponym)

Polish: wróbel

→ Russian: Вру́бель (Vrúbelʹ) (surname)

→⇒ Ukrainian: вру́блик (vrúblyk) (diminutive, dialectal)

Slovak: vrábel, vrábeľ (dialectal)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wrobel

Upper Sorbian: wrobl; rόbl (dialectal)


vorbьcь

vorbь̀cь (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
vorbь̀cь (nominative singular)
vorbьcà (dual nominative)
vorbьcì (nominative plural)
vorbьcà (genitive singular)
vorbьcù (dual genitive)
vorbь̀cь (genitive plural)
vorbьcù (dative singular)
vorbьcèma (dative dual)
vorbь̀cemъ (dative plural)
vorbь̀cь (accusative singular)
vorbьcà (accusative dual)
vorbьcę̇̀ (accusative plural)
vorbьcь̀mь (instrumental singular)
vorbьcèmь (instrumental singular)
vorbьcèma (dual instrumental)
vorbь̀ci (instrumental plural)
vorbьcì (locative singular)
vorbьcù (dual locative)
vorbь̀cixъ (locative plural)
vorbьče (singular vocative)
vorbьcà (dual vocative)
vorbьcì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: воробéц (vorobéc) (dialectal)

Old Ukrainian: воробе́цъ (vorobécʹ); Воробе́цъ (Vorobécʹ) (surname)

Ukrainian: горобе́ць (horobécʹ); воробе́ць (vorobécʹ), оробе́ць (orobécʹ), веребе́ц (verebéc) (dialectal); гворобе́ць (hvorobécʹ) (dated, dialectal)

→ Russian: горобе́ц (gorobéc) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: врабьць (vrabĭcĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⱃⰰⰱⱐⱌⱐ (vrabĭcĭ)

Bulgarian: врабе́ц (vrabéc), врабче́ (vrabčé)

Macedonian: врабец (vrabec)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: вра́бац

Latin script: vrábac

Slovene: vrábəc

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vrabec

Czech: vrabec

Bohemian (Chod dialect): brabec

Slovak: vrabec

Marko Snoj
uk:Гринчишин Дмитро Григорович


vorbь

võrbь (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
võrbь (nominative singular)
vōrbì (dual nominative)
võrbьjē (nominative plural)
võrbi (genitive singular)
võrbьju (dual genitive)
vōrbь̀jь (genitive plural)
vōrbì (dative singular)
võrbьma (dative dual)
vōrbь̀mъ (dative plural)
võrbь (accusative singular)
vōrbì (accusative dual)
vōrbì (accusative plural)
vōrbь̀mь (instrumental singular)
võrbьma (dual instrumental)
võrbьmī (instrumental plural)
võrbi (locative singular)
võrbьju (dual locative)
vōrbь̀xъ (locative plural)
vorbi (singular vocative)
vōrbì (dual vocative)
võrbьjē (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old Ukrainian: воробѧ́ n (vorobjá, “sparrow”) (< *võrbь + *-ę)

Ukrainian: гороб'я́ n (horobʺjá); вороб'я́ n (vorobʺjá) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wrobl

→ Romanian: vrabie

→ Hungarian: veréb

Either of onomatopoeic origin from the same root as Proto-Slavic *verva (“fuss, noise”), *verskъ (“scream”) or probably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)werbʰ- (“to peck, to scratch”), akin to Lithuanian žvìrblis (“sparrow”) , Latvian zvirbulis (“sparrow”), virblis (“eagle”) (dialectal). If correct, the Baltic forms would reflect the s-mobile form of the root.

der

uk:Гринчишин Дмитро Григорович


vorbьjь

vorbь̀jь (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
vorbь̀jь (nominative singular)
vorbьjà (dual nominative)
vorbьjì (nominative plural)
vorbьjà (genitive singular)
vorbьjù (dual genitive)
vorbь̀jь (genitive plural)
vorbьjù (dative singular)
vorbьjèma (dative dual)
vorbь̀jemъ (dative plural)
vorbь̀jь (accusative singular)
vorbьjà (accusative dual)
vorbьję̇̀ (accusative plural)
vorbьjь̀mь (instrumental singular)
vorbьjèmь (instrumental singular)
vorbьjèma (dual instrumental)
vorbь̀ji (instrumental plural)
vorbьjì (locative singular)
vorbьjù (dual locative)
vorbь̀jixъ (locative plural)
vorbьju (singular vocative)
vorbьjà (dual vocative)
vorbьjì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: вороби́и (vorobíi), вереби́и (verebíi)

Old Belarusian: воробе́й (vorobéj)

Belarusian: веребе́й (vjerjebjéj)

⇒ Belarusian: воро́бчык (voróbčyk)

Russian: воробе́й (vorobéj); веребе́й (verebéj) (dialectal); Воробей (Vorobej) (surname)

⇒ Middle Russian: Воробьевъ (Vorobʹjev) (surname)

Russian: Воробьёв (Vorobʹjóv) (surname)

Old Ukrainian: воробе́й (vorobéj), воробїй (vorobij); Воробеи (Vorobei, “surname”)

Ukrainian: горобе́й (horobéj), воробе́й (vorobéj), веребе́й (verebéj) (dialectal); шворобéй (švorobéj), шворабéй (švorabéj), шорабéй (šorabéj), шурабéй (šurabéj) (Polesian dialects)

⇒ Ukrainian: оробе́йко (orobéjko) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: врабии (vrabii)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⱃⰰⰱⰺⰺ (vrabii)

Bulgarian: врабе́й (vrabéj) (dated, formal)


osъtъ

osъtъ (nominative singular)
osъta (dual nominative)
osъti (nominative plural)
osъta (genitive singular)
osъtu (dual genitive)
osъtъ (genitive plural)
osъtu (dative singular)
osъtoma (dative dual)
osъtomъ (dative plural)
osъtъ (accusative singular)
osъta (accusative dual)
osъty (accusative plural)
osъtъmь (instrumental singular)
osъtomь (instrumental singular)
osъtoma (dual instrumental)
osъty (instrumental plural)
osъtě (locative singular)
osъtu (dual locative)
osъtěxъ (locative plural)
osъte (singular vocative)
osъta (dual vocative)
osъti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: осътъ (osŭtŭ)

Belarusian: асо́т (asót), dialectally асо́та (asóta), асата́ (asatá), асіта́ (asitá)

Russian: осо́т (osót), pre-1918 осо́тъ (osót), dialectally осо́ть (osótʹ), осо́та (osóta), осота́ (osotá) (but these are contaminated with осо́ка́ (osóká, “sedge”))

Ukrainian: осо́т (osót), dialectally осе́т (osét)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: осътъ (osŭtŭ), осьтъ (osĭtŭ), осотъ (osotŭ)

Bulgarian: осъ́т (osǎ́t), pre-1945 осъ́тъ (osǎ́t), осѫ́тъ (osǫ́t)

Macedonian: осат (osat)

Serbo-Croatian: òsat, but this seems extinct and is continued by ȍsjāk from ȏsje (“hair”)

Slovene: osȃt, dialectally ọ́sət, ọ́cət

West Slavic:

Kashubian: òct

Old Czech: oset

Czech: oset, voset

Old Polish: oset

Polish: oset

Silesian: ôset

Old Slovak: oset

Slovak: oset, osit (dialectal)

⇒ Polabian: våsăc

Slovincian: wôc

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: woset, wóset

Upper Sorbian: wóst

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: aszat

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *aśutas, cognate to Lithuanian ãšutas (“hair of a horse’s tail or mane”). A derivation from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂eḱ- (“sharp, pointed”), which is here notably also present in Proto-Slavic *ostь, *ostъ (“awn; fish bone; axletree”), Lithuanian akstìs (“prick, thorn”), Latvian āksts (“prick, thorn”), Latvian aste (“tail”).

cog

a kind of thistle; or perhaps thistle in general as vaguely as the English


sьčavъ

sьčavъ (nominative singular)
sьčava (dual nominative)
sьčavi (nominative plural)
sьčava (genitive singular)
sьčavu (dual genitive)
sьčavъ (genitive plural)
sьčavu (dative singular)
sьčavoma (dative dual)
sьčavomъ (dative plural)
sьčavъ (accusative singular)
sьčava (accusative dual)
sьčavy (accusative plural)
sьčavъmь (instrumental singular)
sьčavomь (instrumental singular)
sьčavoma (dual instrumental)
sьčavy (instrumental plural)
sьčavě (locative singular)
sьčavu (dual locative)
sьčavěxъ (locative plural)
sьčave (singular vocative)
sьčava (dual vocative)
sьčavi (plural vocative)


sьčavь

sьčavь (nominative singular)
sьčavi (dual nominative)
sьčavьje (nominative plural)
sьčavľe (nominative plural)
sьčavi (genitive singular)
sьčavьju (dual genitive)
sьčavľu (dual genitive)
sьčavьjь (genitive plural)
sьčavi (genitive plural)
sьčavi (dative singular)
sьčavьma (dative dual)
sьčavьmъ (dative plural)
sьčavь (accusative singular)
sьčavi (accusative dual)
sьčavi (accusative plural)
sьčavьmь (instrumental singular)
sьčavьma (dual instrumental)
sьčavьmi (instrumental plural)
sьčavi (locative singular)
sьčavьju (dual locative)
sьčavľu (dual locative)
sьčavьxъ (locative plural)
sьčavi (singular vocative)
sьčavi (dual vocative)
sьčavьje (plural vocative)
sьčavľe (plural vocative)


sьčava

sьčava (nominative singular)
sьčavě (dual nominative)
sьčavy (nominative plural)
sьčavy (genitive singular)
sьčavu (dual genitive)
sьčavъ (genitive plural)
sьčavě (dative singular)
sьčavama (dative dual)
sьčavamъ (dative plural)
sьčavǫ (accusative singular)
sьčavě (accusative dual)
sьčavy (accusative plural)
sьčavojǫ (instrumental singular)
sьčavǫ (instrumental singular)
sьčavama (dual instrumental)
sьčavami (instrumental plural)
sьčavě (locative singular)
sьčavu (dual locative)
sьčavasъ (locative plural)
sьčavaxъ (locative plural)
sьčavo (singular vocative)
sьčavě (dual vocative)
sьčavy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: шча́ўе (ščáŭje, “sorrel”); шчаў (ščaŭ), шчагу́н (ščahún) (dialectal)

Russian: ща́ве́ль (ščávélʹ, “sorrel”); щаве́й (ščavéj) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: щаве́ль (ščavélʹ, “sorrel”); ща́ва́ (ščává), щаве́й (ščavéj), щаві́й (ščavíj), ща́вка (ščávka), щаву́х (ščavúx), щав'я́н (ščavʺján), ща́ва́ (ščává, “also means a kind of sour liquid for preparing clothes for dyeing and sour mineral water”) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

desc

Old Cyrillic script: щавъ m (štavŭ, “sorrel”)

Glagolitic script: ⱋⰰⰲⱏ m (štavŭ, “sorrel”)

Bulgarian: ща́ва (štáva, “tanning liquor, tanning acid”), also щавина (štavina, “sorrel”) in this meaning, щаве́л (štavél, “sorrel”), and ще́ва (štéva) is an unidentified kind of poisonous plant

Macedonian: штава (štava, “tanning liquor”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: štȁva, štȁvina (“tanning liquor”) (archaic, regional), štávalj, štávelj; štav, štavje, ščavje, šćavlje, štavlje, štavlja, štavljak, staglina, šavje (“sorrel”) (dialectal)

Cyrillic script: шта̏ва, шта̏вина (“tanning liquor”) (archaic, regional), шта́ваљ, шта́вељ; штав, штавје, шчавје, шћавље, штавље, штавља, штављак, стаглина, шавје (“sorrel”) (dialectal)

Slovene: ščȃv, ščávje (“sorrel”), ščáva (“sorrel; swill, slops, pig fodder”), ščávəlj (“sorrel”), ščȃvje (“sorrel”)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: ščáva

Czech: šťáva (“sap, juice, gravy”), also šťava, šťavina in this meaning, šťavel (“oxalis”), šťovík (“sorrel”)

Old Polish: szczaw

Polish: szczaw (“sorrel”) of which the genitive is soft szczawiu, szczawa (“sour natural mineral water”), szczawik (“sorrel; oxalis”), szczal, szczagiel, szczój (“sorrel”), szczel (“urine”)

Slovak: šťáva, šťava (“sap, juice”), štiava (“sap; sorrel”), šťav, štiav, štiaľ, ščav (“sorrel”) (dialectal)

→ Hungarian: csáva (“tanning liquor”)

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: szczôw, szczawa (“sorrel”)

Slovincian: szczawa (“whey; sorrel”)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: šćaw (“sorrel”)

Upper Sorbian: šćehel (“sorrel”)

From *sьkati, *sьcati (“to piss”), because one tanned with urine, + *-ava.

juice from any plant under the condition that it is somehow pungent

щавьнь (15-17ᵗʰ cent.)

Old East Slavic: щавьныи (ščavĭnyi, “sour”)


ǫbьlъ

ǫbьlъ (nominative singular)
ǫbьla (dual nominative)
ǫbьli (nominative plural)
ǫbьla (genitive singular)
ǫbьlu (dual genitive)
ǫbьlъ (genitive plural)
ǫbьlu (dative singular)
ǫbьloma (dative dual)
ǫbьlomъ (dative plural)
ǫbьlъ (accusative singular)
ǫbьla (accusative dual)
ǫbьly (accusative plural)
ǫbьlъmь (instrumental singular)
ǫbьlomь (instrumental singular)
ǫbьloma (dual instrumental)
ǫbьly (instrumental plural)
ǫbьlě (locative singular)
ǫbьlu (dual locative)
ǫbьlěxъ (locative plural)
ǫbьle (singular vocative)
ǫbьla (dual vocative)
ǫbьli (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ꙋболъ (ubolŭ, “street, pass”) (possibly)

Russian: убол (ubol)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: ѫбьлъ (ǫbĭlŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱘⰱⱐⰾⱏ (ǫbĭlŭ)

Bulgarian: въ́бел (vǎ́bel), въ́мбел (vǎ́mbel), во́бел (vóbel) (dialectal)

Macedonian: јабел (jabel) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: у̏бао

Latin script: ȕbao

West Slavic:

Polabian: wûmbâl

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ámb(i)las, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₃en- (“to rake”), *h₃embʰ- (“to pivot, to hub”) (whence Latin umbō (“shield hub”)). Two kinds of suffixes are attested:
* *-ьlъ in Old Church Slavonic and Serbo-Croatian. Similar to semantically related Proto-Slavic *kъbьlъ, *bъkъlъ (“bucket, pail”).
* *-elъ in Bulgarian, Macedonian and Polabian. Similar to Proto-Slavic *stubelъ (“feeding trough”).
Traditionally compared (per Miklošič) with Armenian ամպ (amp, “cloud”), Ancient Greek ὄμβρος (ómbros, “rain, rainwater”), Sanskrit अम्बु (ambu, “water”), Latin imber (“rain, storm”), at least some of which from Proto-Indo-European *n̥bʰrós (“nebular”).
Old East Slavic meaning probably influenced (via intermediate Old East Slavic амболъ (ambolŭ, “portico”)) by unrelated Ancient Greek ἔμβολος (émbolos, “portico”).


męčь

b (accent-paradigm)
mę̃čь (nominative singular)
mę̄čà (dual nominative)
mę̄čì (nominative plural)
mę̄čà (genitive singular)
mę̄čù (dual genitive)
mę̃čь (genitive plural)
mę̄čù (dative singular)
mę̄čèma (dative dual)
mę̃čemъ (dative plural)
mę̃čь (accusative singular)
mę̄čà (accusative dual)
mę̄čę̇̀ (accusative plural)
mę̄čь̀mь (instrumental singular)
mę̄čèmь (instrumental singular)
mę̄čèma (dual instrumental)
mę̃či (instrumental plural)
mę̄čì (locative singular)
mę̄čù (dual locative)
mę̃čixъ (locative plural)
męču (singular vocative)
mę̄čà (dual vocative)
mę̄čì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: мяч (mjač)

Russian: мяч (mjač)

Ukrainian: м'яч (mʺjač)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: меч (meč), ме́чка (méčka, “soft bun or loaf of bread”) (dialectal)

Slovene: mẹ̑č (tonal orthography) (obsolete)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mieč

Czech: míč

Bohemian (Chod dialect): mlíć

→ Old Polish: miecz

Old Polish: mięcz

Polabian: mąc

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: minge

Resultant noun from *męčati (“to squash, to knead”) + *-jь.


bľuščь

bľuščь (nominative singular)
bľušči (dual nominative)
bľuščьje (nominative plural)
bľušči (genitive singular)
bľuščьju (dual genitive)
bľuščьjь (genitive plural)
bľušči (dative singular)
bľuščьma (dative dual)
bľuščьmъ (dative plural)
bľuščь (accusative singular)
bľušči (accusative dual)
bľušči (accusative plural)
bľuščьmь (instrumental singular)
bľuščьma (dual instrumental)
bľuščьmi (instrumental plural)
bľušči (locative singular)
bľuščьju (dual locative)
bľuščьxъ (locative plural)
bľušči (singular vocative)
bľušči (dual vocative)
bľuščьje (plural vocative)
bľuščь (nominative singular)
bľušča (dual nominative)
bľušči (nominative plural)
bľušča (genitive singular)
bľušču (dual genitive)
bľuščь (genitive plural)
bľušču (dative singular)
bľuščema (dative dual)
bľuščemъ (dative plural)
bľuščь (accusative singular)
bľušča (accusative dual)
bľuščę̇ (accusative plural)
bľuščьmь (instrumental singular)
bľuščemь (instrumental singular)
bľuščema (dual instrumental)
bľušči (instrumental plural)
bľušči (locative singular)
bľušču (dual locative)
bľuščixъ (locative plural)
bľušču (singular vocative)
bľušča (dual vocative)
bľušči (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: блюшч (bljušč), oftener плюшч (pljušč)

Russian: блющ (bljušč), but now плющ (pljušč, “ivy”)

Ukrainian: блющ (bljušč, “ivy”), dialectally also плющ (pljušč)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: блюшть (bljuštĭ, “ivy”)

Bulgarian: блюш (bljuš), плюш (pljuš, “common hop”) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Štokavian: bljȗšt (“black bryony; saliva preceding vomit”), and also current in parts of Dalmatia and Istra as blúšć (“black bryony”)

Chakavian Serbo-Croatian: bljušč (“black bryony”)

Kajkavian Serbo-Croatian: bljušč (“black bryony”)

Slovene: bljúšč (“ivy; black bryony; white bryony”)

⇒ Slovene: bljúščəc (“bryony”)

West Slavic:

q

extinct except in idioms, one now uses <i class="Latn mention" lang="cs">břečťan</i>

Czech: blúšč, blúšt (extinct except in idioms, one now uses břečťan)

Old Polish: bluszcz

Polish: bluszcz

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: blušć, blišć

Upper Sorbian: blušć

From *bľьvati (“to puke”) due to the reaction of man’s gastrointestinal system on its consumption or due to the ivy’s way of distribution. A theory that it is from the Old High German descendant of Proto-Germanic *blōstaz (“blossoming”) – which is in German Blust and in the rest of Proto-Germanic got expanded to *blōstmô – is reproofed because it is unlikely that a foreign word for “blossom” got borrowed for a plant which has hardly noticeable flowers. The similarity to Old Prussian bleusky (“rush”) is also most likely coincidental.
Fenwick 2016 proposes a derivation from a Proto-Indo-European *m̥h₂l-éw-sk-yo, a suffixed derivation of a neuter u-stem *móh₂lu, whence (following her) Ancient Greek μῶλυ (môlu, “moly”) as well as a wide range of IE phytonyms, including both well-known IE words for ‘apple’ and the Sanskrit terms for ‘mango’ and ‘tamarind’ hail.

bryony (Dioscorea communis and Bryonia spp.)


otrǫba

ȍtrǫba (canonical feminine)
otrǫba (nominative singular)
otrǫbě (dual nominative)
otrǫby (nominative plural)
otrǫby (genitive singular)
otrǫbu (dual genitive)
otrǫbъ (genitive plural)
otrǫbě (dative singular)
otrǫbama (dative dual)
otrǫbamъ (dative plural)
otrǫbǫ (accusative singular)
otrǫbě (accusative dual)
otrǫby (accusative plural)
otrǫbojǫ (instrumental singular)
otrǫbǫ (instrumental singular)
otrǫbama (dual instrumental)
otrǫbami (instrumental plural)
otrǫbě (locative singular)
otrǫbu (dual locative)
otrǫbasъ (locative plural)
otrǫbaxъ (locative plural)
otrǫbo (singular vocative)
otrǫbě (dual vocative)
otrǫby (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: во́труб'е pl (vótrubʺje)

Russian: о́труби pl (ótrubi) (plurale tantum)

Ukrainian: о́труби pl (ótruby)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: отрѫби pl (otrǫbi)

Slovene: otrób sg (rare), otrọ̑bi pl

West Slavic:

Old Czech: otruba

Czech: otruba sg, otruby pl

Polish: otręby pl

Slovak: otruby pl

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wotruby pl

Lower Sorbian: wótšuby pl

Deverbial from *otrǫbati (< *ot- + *rǫbati), *otrǫbiti (< *ot- + *rǫbiti) + *-a, originally referring to “something pared”.

(usually in the plural) bran (outer layers of cereal grain)


gavornъ

gàvornъ (canonical masculine)
gavornъ (nominative singular)
gavorna (dual nominative)
gavorni (nominative plural)
gavorna (genitive singular)
gavornu (dual genitive)
gavornъ (genitive plural)
gavornu (dative singular)
gavornoma (dative dual)
gavornomъ (dative plural)
gavornъ (accusative singular)
gavorna (accusative dual)
gavorny (accusative plural)
gavornъmь (instrumental singular)
gavornomь (instrumental singular)
gavornoma (dual instrumental)
gavorny (instrumental plural)
gavorně (locative singular)
gavornu (dual locative)
gavorněxъ (locative plural)
gavorne (singular vocative)
gavorna (dual vocative)
gavorni (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: га́рван (gárvan), га́вран (gávran) (Western dialects)

Macedonian: гавран (gavran)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: га̏вра̄н, ка̏вра̄н

Latin script: gȁvrān, kȁvrān

Slovene: gavrȃn, kȃvran

West Slavic:

Old Czech: havran

Czech: havran

Polish: gawron

Slovak: havran

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: karwona, karona, garona

Upper Sorbian: hawron

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gā́ˀiwarnas from ga! or *gajь + *vornъ.


ščupati

ščupnǫti (perfective)
ščupanьje (noun-from-verb)
ščupati (infinitive)
ščupatъ (supine)
ščupalъ (l-participle)
ščupanъ (participle passive past)
ščupajemъ (participle passive present)
ščupavъ (active participle past)
ščupaję (active participle present)
ščupaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
ščupa (aorist second-person singular)
ščupa (aorist singular third-person)
ščupajǫ (first-person present singular)
ščupaješi (present second-person singular)
ščupajetь (present singular third-person)
ščupaxově (aorist dual first-person)
ščupasta (aorist dual second-person)
ščupaste (aorist dual third-person)
ščupajevě (dual first-person present)
ščupajeta (dual present second-person)
ščupajete (dual present third-person)
ščupaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
ščupaste (aorist plural second-person)
ščupašę (aorist plural third-person)
ščupajemъ (first-person plural present)
ščupajete (plural present second-person)
ščupajǫtь (plural present third-person)
ščupaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
ščupaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
ščupaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
ščupaji (imperative second-person singular)
ščupaji (imperative singular third-person)
ščupaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
ščupaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
ščupaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
ščupajivě (dual first-person imperative)
ščupajita (dual imperative second-person)
ščupaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
ščupaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
ščupaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
ščupajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
ščupajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: щюпати (ščjupati)

Belarusian: шчу́паць (ščúpacʹ)

Russian: щу́пать (ščúpatʹ)

desc

Ukrainian: щу́пати (ščúpaty), щю́пати (ščjúpaty)

West Slavic:

Polish: szczupać (dialectal)

By surface analysis, *ščupъ (“dipstick”) + *-ati, with further origin uncertain. Possibly akin to Sanskrit छुपति (chupati, “to touch”), from Proto-Indo-European *skewp-.


xǫtь

xǫtь (nominative singular)
xǫti (dual nominative)
xǫti (nominative plural)
xǫti (genitive singular)
xǫtьju (dual genitive)
xǫtьjь (genitive plural)
xǫti (dative singular)
xǫtьma (dative dual)
xǫtьmъ (dative plural)
xǫtь (accusative singular)
xǫti (accusative dual)
xǫti (accusative plural)
xǫtьjǫ (instrumental singular)
xǫtьma (dual instrumental)
xǫtьmi (instrumental plural)
xǫti (locative singular)
xǫtьju (dual locative)
xǫtьxъ (locative plural)
xǫti (singular vocative)
xǫti (dual vocative)
xǫti (plural vocative)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: chut

Czech: chuť

Kashubian: chãc

Polish: chęć, chuć

Silesian: chyńć

Slovak: chuť


dъxořь

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дъхорь (dŭxorĭ)

Old Ruthenian: тхоръ (txor)

Belarusian: тхор (txor)

Ukrainian: тхір (txir), хір (xir)

desc

Middle Russian: тхорь (txorʹ), дохорь (doxorʹ)

Russian: хорь (xorʹ), тхорь (txorʹ), дохо́рь (doxórʹ), дхор (dxor), тхор (txor)

South Slavic:

Macedonian: твор (tvor)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тво̑р

Latin script: tvȏr

Slovene: dihur

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dchoř

Czech: tchoř

Moravian (Mistřice): schoř

Old Polish: tchórz, tórz

Polish: tchórz, twórz, tfórz

Slovak: tchor

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: tchór

Lower Sorbian: twóŕ

Non-Slavic:

→ Armenian: թոխոր (tʻoxor)

→ Armeno-Kipchak: դխոր (tχor)

→ Latvian: dukurs

→ German: Ducker

→ Finnish: tuhkuri

→ Estonian: tuhkur

→ Romanian: dihor

From *dъxъ (“whiff”) + *-ořь (“-er”). Named after its foul-smelling secretion.


ščuplъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *ščuplъ (hard)

Definite declension of *ščuplъ (hard)

ščuplъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
ščupla (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
ščuplo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
ščupla (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
ščuply (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
ščupla (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
ščuplu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
ščuplě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
ščuplu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
ščuplъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
ščuplǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
ščuplo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
ščuplomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
ščuplojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
ščuplomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
ščuplě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
ščuplě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
ščuplě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
ščuple (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
ščuplo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
ščuplo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
ščupla (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
ščuplě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
ščuplě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
ščuplu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
ščuplu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
ščuplu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
ščuploma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
ščuplama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
ščuploma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
ščupla (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
ščuplě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
ščuplě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
ščuploma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
ščuplama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
ščuploma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
ščuplu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
ščuplu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
ščuplu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
ščupla (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
ščuplě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
ščuplě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
ščupli (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
ščuply (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
ščupla (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
ščuplъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
ščuplъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
ščuplъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
ščuplomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
ščuplamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
ščuplomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
ščuply (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
ščuply (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
ščupla (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
ščuply (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
ščuplami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
ščuply (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
ščuplěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
ščuplaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
ščuplěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
ščupli (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
ščuply (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
ščupla (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
ščuplъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
ščuplaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
ščuploje (definite neuter nominative singular)
ščuplajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
ščuplyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
ščuplajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
ščuplujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
ščuplěji (dative definite feminine singular)
ščuplujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
ščuplъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
ščuplǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
ščuploje (accusative definite neuter singular)
ščuplyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
ščuplǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
ščuplyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
ščuplějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
ščuplěji (definite feminine locative singular)
ščuplějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
ščuplъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
ščuplaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
ščuploje (definite neuter singular vocative)
ščuplaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
ščuplěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
ščuplěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
ščupluju (definite dual genitive masculine)
ščupluju (definite dual feminine genitive)
ščupluju (definite dual genitive neuter)
ščuplyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
ščuplyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
ščuplyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
ščuplaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
ščuplěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
ščuplěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
ščuplyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
ščuplyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
ščuplyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
ščupluju (definite dual locative masculine)
ščupluju (definite dual feminine locative)
ščupluju (definite dual locative neuter)
ščuplaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
ščuplěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
ščuplěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
ščupliji (definite masculine nominative plural)
ščuplyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
ščuplaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
ščuplъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
ščuplъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
ščuplъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
ščuplyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
ščuplyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
ščuplyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
ščuplyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
ščuplyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
ščuplaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
ščuplyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
ščuplyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
ščuplyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
ščuplyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
ščuplyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
ščuplyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
ščupliji (definite masculine plural vocative)
ščuplyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
ščuplaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: щуплъ (ščuplŭ)

Belarusian: шчу́плы (ščúply)

Russian: щу́плый (ščúplyj)

Ukrainian: щу́плий (ščúplyj)

⇒ Ukrainian: щупля́вий (ščupljávyj)

West Slavic:

Czech: štíplý

Polish: szczupły

Slovak: šťúply

Fossilized participle of *ščupati + *-lъ.

(in West Slavic, figurative) thin, slender

(in East Slavic, figurative) puny, sickly


radostь

radostь (nominative singular)
radosti (dual nominative)
radosti (nominative plural)
radosti (genitive singular)
radostьju (dual genitive)
radostьjь (genitive plural)
radosti (dative singular)
radostьma (dative dual)
radostьmъ (dative plural)
radostь (accusative singular)
radosti (accusative dual)
radosti (accusative plural)
radostьjǫ (instrumental singular)
radostьma (dual instrumental)
radostьmi (instrumental plural)
radosti (locative singular)
radostьju (dual locative)
radostьxъ (locative plural)
radosti (singular vocative)
radosti (dual vocative)
radosti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: радость (radostĭ)

Old Belarusian: радость (radostʹ)

Belarusian: ра́дасць (rádascʹ)

Russian: ра́дость (rádostʹ)

Ukrainian: ра́дість (rádistʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: радость (radostĭ)

Bulgarian: ра́дост (rádost)

Macedonian: радост (radost)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ра̏до̄ст

Latin script: rȁdōst

Slovene: radọ̑st (tonal orthography), rádost

West Slavic:

Old Czech: radost

Czech: radost

Polabian: rådüst

Polish: radość

Slovak: radosť

From *radъ (“happy, glad”) + *-ostь (“-ness”).


prostorъ

prostòrъ (canonical masculine)
prostorъ (nominative singular)
prostora (dual nominative)
prostori (nominative plural)
prostora (genitive singular)
prostoru (dual genitive)
prostorъ (genitive plural)
prostoru (dative singular)
prostoroma (dative dual)
prostoromъ (dative plural)
prostorъ (accusative singular)
prostora (accusative dual)
prostory (accusative plural)
prostorъmь (instrumental singular)
prostoromь (instrumental singular)
prostoroma (dual instrumental)
prostory (instrumental plural)
prostorě (locative singular)
prostoru (dual locative)
prostorěxъ (locative plural)
prostore (singular vocative)
prostora (dual vocative)
prostori (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

Belarusian: прасто́ра (prastóra)

Russian: просто́р (prostór)

Ukrainian: про́стір (próstir)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: просторъ (prostorŭ)

Glagolitic: ⱂⱃⱁⱄⱅⱁⱃⱛ (prostorü)

Bulgarian: просто́р (prostór)

Macedonian: простор (prostor)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: про́стор

Latin: próstor

Slovene: próstor (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: prostor

Polabian: prăstöră

Old Polish: przestór

Polish: przestwór

Slovak: priestor

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: přesćera

Lower Sorbian: pśestwor

Deverbal from *prosterti, from Proto-Indo-European *pro-sterh₃-, from Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃-. Cognate with Sanskrit प्रस्तार (prastāra, “measure, permutation”).


trudъ

trũdъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
trũdъ (nominative singular)
trūdà (dual nominative)
trūdì (nominative plural)
trūdà (genitive singular)
trūdù (dual genitive)
trũdъ (genitive plural)
trūdù (dative singular)
trūdòma (dative dual)
trūdòmъ (dative plural)
trũdъ (accusative singular)
trūdà (accusative dual)
trūdỳ (accusative plural)
trūdъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
trūdòmь (instrumental singular)
trūdòma (dual instrumental)
trũdy (instrumental plural)
trūdě̀ (locative singular)
trūdù (dual locative)
trũděxъ (locative plural)
trude (singular vocative)
trūdà (dual vocative)
trūdì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: трудъ (trudŭ)

Russian: труд (trud)

Ukrainian: труд (trud)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: троудъ (trudŭ)

Glagolitic: ⱅⱃⱆⰴⱏ (trudŭ)

Bulgarian: труд (trud)

Macedonian: труд (trud)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тру̑д

Latin script: trȗd

Slovene: trȗd (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: trud

Czech: trud

Old Polish: trud

Polish: trud

Old Slovak: trud

Slovak: trud

Slovincian: trúd

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tráudas, from Proto-Indo-European *trewd- (“to squeeze; push; press”). Cognate with Latvian trauds, Lithuanian triusas, Proto-Germanic *þrautaz, *þrautą (“threat, affliction”).


mogyla

mogỳla (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
mogyla (nominative singular)
mogylě (dual nominative)
mogyly (nominative plural)
mogyly (genitive singular)
mogylu (dual genitive)
mogylъ (genitive plural)
mogylě (dative singular)
mogylama (dative dual)
mogylamъ (dative plural)
mogylǫ (accusative singular)
mogylě (accusative dual)
mogyly (accusative plural)
mogylojǫ (instrumental singular)
mogylǭ (instrumental singular)
mogylama (dual instrumental)
mogylamī (instrumental plural)
mogylě (locative singular)
mogylu (dual locative)
mogylasъ (locative plural)
mogylaxъ (locative plural)
mogylo (singular vocative)
mogylě (dual vocative)
mogyly (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: могꙑла (mogyla)

Belarusian: магі́ла (mahíla)

Russian: моги́ла (mogíla)

Ukrainian: моги́ла (mohýla)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: могꙑла (mogyla)

→ Bulgarian: моги́ла (mogíla)

Bulgarian: гоми́ла (gomíla) (dialectal)

Macedonian: мо́гила (mógila)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: го̀мила (with metathesis)

Latin: gòmila (with metathesis)

Slovene: gomíla (tonal orthography) (with metathesis)

West Slavic:

Czech: mohyla

Polabian: müďålă

Polish: mogiła

Slovak: mohyla

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: máglya

→ Lithuanian: mogila

Probably from a substrate language, akin to Albanian gamulë, magulë and Romanian movilă, moghilă, măgură, măgulă, Aromanian mãgulã. Miklošič, Brückner (followed by Vasmer et al.) however do not exclude an autochthonous origin akin to Proto-Slavic *moťьje pl (“relics, holy remains”) (from an earlier *mogtьje).
Per St. Mladenov, if the regional metathesized forms reflecting *gomyla are primary, a descent from Proto-Indo-European *gem- (“to seize, to take hold, to squeeze”) could also be possible. The later forms may have been influenced by Proto-Slavic *gomola (“lump, clod”), though. Compare Lithuanian gãmalas, gãmulas m (“chunk”), gamulà f (“bulge”).


stromъ

stròmъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
stròmъ (nominative singular)
stromà (dual nominative)
stromì (nominative plural)
stromà (genitive singular)
stromù (dual genitive)
stròmъ (genitive plural)
stromù (dative singular)
stromòma (dative dual)
stromòmъ (dative plural)
stròmъ (accusative singular)
stromà (accusative dual)
stromỳ (accusative plural)
stromъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
stromòmь (instrumental singular)
stromòma (dual instrumental)
stròmy (instrumental plural)
stromě̀ (locative singular)
stromù (dual locative)
stròměxъ (locative plural)
strome (singular vocative)
stromà (dual vocative)
stromì (plural vocative)
b (accent-paradigm)
stròmъ (nominative singular)
stromỳ (dual nominative)
stromòve (nominative plural)
stromù (genitive singular)
stromòvu (dual genitive)
stromòvъ (genitive plural)
stromòvi (dative singular)
stròmъma (dative dual)
stromъ̀mъ (dative plural)
stròmъ (accusative singular)
stromỳ (accusative dual)
stromỳ (accusative plural)
stromъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
stròmъma (dual instrumental)
stròmъmī (instrumental plural)
stròmu (locative singular)
stromòvu (dual locative)
stromъ̀xъ (locative plural)
stromu (singular vocative)
stromỳ (dual vocative)
stromòve (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: стрім (strim) (dial.)

(Galician group): strɪ̊m

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: стро̏м

Latin script: strȍm

(Chakavian): strù̯om (the dialect of immigrants in Slovakia)

Slovene: strȍm (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: strom

Czech: strom
→ Silesian: strōm

Polish: strom

Slovak: strom

The nature of the stem is not possible to reconstruct due to a lack of data: o-stem or u-stem. The accent paradigm b is reliably reconstructed.


snopъ

snòpъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
snòpъ (nominative singular)
snopà (dual nominative)
snopì (nominative plural)
snopà (genitive singular)
snopù (dual genitive)
snòpъ (genitive plural)
snopù (dative singular)
snopòma (dative dual)
snopòmъ (dative plural)
snòpъ (accusative singular)
snopà (accusative dual)
snopỳ (accusative plural)
snopъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
snopòmь (instrumental singular)
snopòma (dual instrumental)
snòpy (instrumental plural)
snopě̀ (locative singular)
snopù (dual locative)
snòpěxъ (locative plural)
snope (singular vocative)
snopà (dual vocative)
snopì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: снопъ (snopŭ)

Belarusian: сноп (snop)

(Stolin city): snọp

(Simonovichy village, Brest Region): snɨp

(Lukava village, Brest Region): snip

Russian: сноп (snop)

Ukrainian: сніп (snip)

(Galician group): snɨ̊p, sniɨ̯̊p, snʉp, snüp, snɪ̊p, ś’n’i̊p, snůp

(Plekhiv village, Chernihiv Region): snóp

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: снопъ (snopŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱀⱁⱂⱏ (snopŭ)

Bulgarian: сноп (snop)

Macedonian: сноп (snop)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сно̏п

Latin script: snȍp

(Brač): snȍp

(Hvar): snȍp

(Sali): snȍp

(Susak): snȍp

Slovene: snȍp (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: snop

Czech: snop

Polabian: snüp

Old Polish: snop

Polish: snop

Slovak: snop

(Novohradské dialects): snop

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: snop

Upper Sorbian: snop

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: snop

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)neh₁- (“to spin, to weave”) + *-opъ. Compare Bulgarian вързо́п (vǎrzóp, “bundle”), Macedonian врзоп (vrzop, “bundle”) from Proto-Slavic *vьrzati (“to tie, to bind”). It may be possible to identify the ending with that of synonymous Proto-Germanic *skauba- (“sheaf, bundle”), and a kindred combination may be present in Old High German snuoba, snuaba (“band, lace”) and Gothic preserved in Spanish eslabón (“link of a chain”), minus s-mobile in Proto-Italic *nopnā reflected in diminutive Latin numella (“a collar to impede movement”).
The development of accentuation in the dialects of the Galician group speaks in favor of the reconstruction of the u-stem: *snòpъ, gen. *snopù.


xrobakъ

xrobakъ (nominative singular)
xrobaka (dual nominative)
xrobaci (nominative plural)
xrobaka (genitive singular)
xrobaku (dual genitive)
xrobakъ (genitive plural)
xrobaku (dative singular)
xrobakoma (dative dual)
xrobakomъ (dative plural)
xrobakъ (accusative singular)
xrobaka (accusative dual)
xrobaky (accusative plural)
xrobakъmь (instrumental singular)
xrobakomь (instrumental singular)
xrobakoma (dual instrumental)
xrobaky (instrumental plural)
xrobacě (locative singular)
xrobaku (dual locative)
xrobacěxъ (locative plural)
xrobače (singular vocative)
xrobaka (dual vocative)
xrobaci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Carpathian Rusyn: хроба́к (xrobák)

desc

Ukrainian: хроба́к (xrobák), гроба́к (hrobák) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Czech: chrobak

Kashubian: robôk

Polish: robak

Silesian: chrobŏk

Slovak: chrobák

Agentative noun from *xrobati (“to gulp, to chew up”) + *-akъ.

affix

grub (larva of beetles and other insects)


mъrmorьcь

mъrmorьcь (nominative singular)
mъrmorьca (dual nominative)
mъrmorьci (nominative plural)
mъrmorьca (genitive singular)
mъrmorьcu (dual genitive)
mъrmorьcь (genitive plural)
mъrmorьcu (dative singular)
mъrmorьcema (dative dual)
mъrmorьcemъ (dative plural)
mъrmorьcь (accusative singular)
mъrmorьca (accusative dual)
mъrmorьcę̇ (accusative plural)
mъrmorьcьmь (instrumental singular)
mъrmorьcemь (instrumental singular)
mъrmorьcema (dual instrumental)
mъrmorьci (instrumental plural)
mъrmorьci (locative singular)
mъrmorьcu (dual locative)
mъrmorьcixъ (locative plural)
mъrmorьče (singular vocative)
mъrmorьca (dual vocative)
mъrmorьci (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: мъ́рморец (mǎ́rmorec), мъма́рец (mǎmárec), мра́морец (mrámorec), мама́рец (mamárec, “amphipod”) (dialectal)

Macedonian: мрморец (mrmorec), мрмолец (mrmolec, “small crustacean”) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian: (dialectal)

Cyrillic script: мр̏морац, мр̏мољак (“cricket; newt”)

Latin script: mȑmorac, mȑmoljak (“cricket; newt”)

Slovene: mramoríca f (< *mormorica) (obsolete)

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: mormoloc (“tadpole”)

From *mъrmorъ (“small arthropod, tadpole”) + *-ьcь. Probably via assimilation from an earlier *vьrmorьcь, from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥mis (“worm”) + *-orъ + *-ьcь, or alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *merh₂- (“to grind, to rub”).
Compare also Ancient Greek μύρμηξ (múrmēx, “ant”).


bedrьnikъ

bedrьnikъ (nominative singular)
bedrьnika (dual nominative)
bedrьnici (nominative plural)
bedrьnika (genitive singular)
bedrьniku (dual genitive)
bedrьnikъ (genitive plural)
bedrьniku (dative singular)
bedrьnikoma (dative dual)
bedrьnikomъ (dative plural)
bedrьnikъ (accusative singular)
bedrьnika (accusative dual)
bedrьniky (accusative plural)
bedrьnikъmь (instrumental singular)
bedrьnikomь (instrumental singular)
bedrьnikoma (dual instrumental)
bedrьniky (instrumental plural)
bedrьnicě (locative singular)
bedrьniku (dual locative)
bedrьnicěxъ (locative plural)
bedrьniče (singular vocative)
bedrьnika (dual vocative)
bedrьnici (plural vocative)