bojevati

bojevanьje (noun-from-verb)
bojevati (infinitive)
bojevatъ (supine)
bojevalъ (l-participle)
bojevavъ (active participle past)
bojuję (active participle present)
bojevaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
bojeva (aorist second-person singular)
bojeva (aorist singular third-person)
bojujǫ (first-person present singular)
bojuješi (present second-person singular)
bojujetь (present singular third-person)
bojevaxově (aorist dual first-person)
bojevasta (aorist dual second-person)
bojevaste (aorist dual third-person)
bojujevě (dual first-person present)
bojujeta (dual present second-person)
bojujete (dual present third-person)
bojevaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bojevaste (aorist plural second-person)
bojevašę (aorist plural third-person)
bojujemъ (first-person plural present)
bojujete (plural present second-person)
bojujǫtь (plural present third-person)
bojevaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bojevaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bojevaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
bojuji (imperative second-person singular)
bojuji (imperative singular third-person)
bojevaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bojevaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bojevaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bojujivě (dual first-person imperative)
bojujita (dual imperative second-person)
bojevaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bojevaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bojevaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bojujimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bojujite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic: —

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бојѐвати

Latin script: bojèvati

Slovene: bojeváti

Bulgarian: боювам (bojuvam)

West Slavic:

Czech: bojovat

Polish: bojować

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: bójowaś


nogъtь

nȍgъtь (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
nȍgъtь (nominative singular)
nȍgъti (dual nominative)
nȍgъtьjē (nominative plural)
nȍgъťē (nominative plural)
nogъtí (genitive singular)
nogъtьjù (dual genitive)
nogъťu (dual genitive)
nogъtь̀jь (genitive plural)
nȍgъti (dative singular)
nogъtьmà (dative dual)
nȍgъtьmъ (dative plural)
nȍgъtь (accusative singular)
nȍgъti (accusative dual)
nȍgъti (accusative plural)
nȍgъtьmь (instrumental singular)
nogъtьmà (dual instrumental)
nogъtьmì (instrumental plural)
nogъtí (locative singular)
nogъtьjù (dual locative)
nogъťu (dual locative)
nȍgъtьxъ (locative plural)
nogъti (singular vocative)
nȍgъti (dual vocative)
nȍgъtьjē (plural vocative)
nȍgъťē (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ногъть (nogŭtĭ)

Old Ruthenian: но́готь (nóhotʹ)

Belarusian: но́гаць (nóhacʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: но́хоть (nóxotʹ)

Ukrainian: ні́готь (níhotʹ)

Russian: но́готь (nógotʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: ногъть (nogŭtĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱀⱁⰳⱏⱅⱐ (nogŭtĭ)

Bulgarian: но́кът (nókǎt)

Macedonian: нокт (nokt)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: но̏кат

Latin script: nȍkat

Slovene: nọ̑ht (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: nohet

Czech: nehet

Kashubian: nokc

Polabian: nüďit

Old Polish: nogieć

Slovak: necht

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: nokś

Upper Sorbian: nochć

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *nagutis. Morphologically from *noga (“foot”) + *-ъtь. Cognate with Lithuanian nagùtis and Old Prussian nagutis.


zętь

zę̀tь (canonical masculine)
a (accent-paradigm)
zę̀tь (nominative singular)
zę̀ti (dual nominative)
zę̀tьjē (nominative plural)
zę̀tī (genitive singular)
zę̀tьju (dual genitive)
zę̀tьjь (genitive plural)
zę̀ti (dative singular)
zę̀tьma (dative dual)
zę̀tьmъ (dative plural)
zę̀tь (accusative singular)
zę̀ti (accusative dual)
zę̀ti (accusative plural)
zę̀tьmь (instrumental singular)
zę̀tьma (dual instrumental)
zę̀tьmī (instrumental plural)
zę̀tī (locative singular)
zę̀tьju (dual locative)
zę̀tьxъ (locative plural)
zęti (singular vocative)
zę̀ti (dual vocative)
zę̀tьjē (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: зѧть

Belarusian: зяць (zjacʹ)

Russian: зять (zjatʹ)

Ukrainian: зять (zjatʹ); зєть (zjetʹ) (dialectal)

Old Novgorodian: ꙁѧте

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: зѧть

Glagolitic script: ⰸⱔⱅⱐ (zętĭ)

Bulgarian: зет (zet), зент (zent) (dialectal)

Macedonian: зет (zet)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: зе̏т

Latin script: zȅt

Slovene: zȅt (tonal orthography)

Rovte dialect (Črni vrh, Idrija): zȩ̑t

West Slavic:

Old Czech: zět

Czech: zeť

Bohemian (Chod dialect): zet

Polabian: ząt

Old Polish: zięć

Polish: zięć

Slovak: zať

Samic:

→ Kildin Sami: зя̄һтҍ (zeaht’)

→ Skolt Sami: zeeʹtt

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *źénˀtas,
*źénˀtis. A derivative of Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to produce, give birth”) (cf. *ǵénh₁tis (“birth, production”)) or Proto-Indo-European *ǵemH- (“to marry”) + *-tь. Akin to Lithuanian žéntas (“son-in-law”), Latvian znots (“son-in-law”), Sanskrit ज्ञाति (jñāti, “kinsman, relative”), possibly Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ā́mātā (“son-in-law”).

cog

ętry

sister-in-law (husband's brother's wife)


ostrъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *ostrъ (hard)

Definite declension of *ostrъ (hard)

ostrъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
ostra (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
ostro (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
ostra (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
ostry (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
ostra (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
ostru (dative indefinite masculine singular)
ostrě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
ostru (dative indefinite neuter singular)
ostrъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
ostrǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
ostro (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
ostromь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
ostrojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
ostromь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
ostrě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
ostrě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
ostrě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
ostre (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
ostro (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
ostro (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
ostra (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
ostrě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
ostrě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
ostru (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
ostru (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
ostru (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
ostroma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
ostrama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
ostroma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
ostra (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
ostrě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
ostrě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
ostroma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
ostrama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
ostroma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
ostru (dual indefinite locative masculine)
ostru (dual feminine indefinite locative)
ostru (dual indefinite locative neuter)
ostra (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
ostrě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
ostrě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
ostri (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
ostry (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
ostra (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
ostrъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
ostrъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
ostrъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
ostromъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
ostramъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
ostromъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
ostry (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
ostry (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
ostra (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
ostry (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
ostrami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
ostry (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
ostrěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
ostraxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
ostrěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
ostri (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
ostry (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
ostra (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
ostrъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
ostraja (definite feminine nominative singular)
ostroje (definite neuter nominative singular)
ostrajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
ostryję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
ostrajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
ostrujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
ostrěji (dative definite feminine singular)
ostrujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
ostrъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
ostrǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
ostroje (accusative definite neuter singular)
ostryjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
ostrǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
ostryjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
ostrějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
ostrěji (definite feminine locative singular)
ostrějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
ostrъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
ostraja (definite feminine singular vocative)
ostroje (definite neuter singular vocative)
ostraja (definite dual masculine nominative)
ostrěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
ostrěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
ostruju (definite dual genitive masculine)
ostruju (definite dual feminine genitive)
ostruju (definite dual genitive neuter)
ostryjima (dative definite dual masculine)
ostryjima (dative definite dual feminine)
ostryjima (dative definite dual neuter)
ostraja (accusative definite dual masculine)
ostrěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
ostrěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
ostryjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
ostryjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
ostryjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
ostruju (definite dual locative masculine)
ostruju (definite dual feminine locative)
ostruju (definite dual locative neuter)
ostraja (definite dual masculine vocative)
ostrěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
ostrěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
ostriji (definite masculine nominative plural)
ostryję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
ostraja (definite neuter nominative plural)
ostrъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
ostrъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
ostrъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
ostryjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
ostryjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
ostryjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
ostryję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
ostryję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
ostraja (accusative definite neuter plural)
ostryjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
ostryjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
ostryjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
ostryjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
ostryjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
ostryjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
ostriji (definite masculine plural vocative)
ostryję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
ostraja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: остръ (ostrŭ)

Belarusian: во́стры (vóstry)

Russian: о́стрый (óstryj)

Carpathian Rusyn: о́стрый (óstrŷj)

Ukrainian: го́стрий (hóstryj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: остръ (ostrŭ)

Glagolitic: ⱁⱄⱅⱃⱏ (ostrŭ)

Bulgarian: остър (ostǎr)

Macedonian: остар (ostar)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о̏штар

Latin script: ȍštar

Slovene: ọ́stər (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: ostrý

Czech: ostrý

Bohemian (Chod dialect): vostryj

Moravian (Mistřice): ostrí

Kashubian: òstri

Polish: ostry

Silesian: ôstry

Slovak: ostrý

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wótry

Lower Sorbian: wótšy

(Schleifer dialect): wóstry

From earlier *osrъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *aśras, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱ-rós. For the presence of the later 't' compare Slovak: streda, Bulgarian: стреда (streda) (dialectal ) and Old Church Slavonic: срѣда (srěda); Slovak: striebro, Bulgarian: стребро (strebro) (dialectal) and *sьrebro.


ovьnъ

ovь̀nъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
ovь̀nъ (nominative singular)
ovьnà (dual nominative)
ovьnì (nominative plural)
ovьnà (genitive singular)
ovьnù (dual genitive)
ovь̀nъ (genitive plural)
ovьnù (dative singular)
ovьnòma (dative dual)
ovьnòmъ (dative plural)
ovь̀nъ (accusative singular)
ovьnà (accusative dual)
ovьnỳ (accusative plural)
ovьnъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
ovьnòmь (instrumental singular)
ovьnòma (dual instrumental)
ovь̀ny (instrumental plural)
ovьně̀ (locative singular)
ovьnù (dual locative)
ovь̀něxъ (locative plural)
ovьne (singular vocative)
ovьnà (dual vocative)
ovьnì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: овьнъ (ovĭnŭ), овенъ (ovenŭ)

Russian: ове́н (ovén)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: овьнъ (ovĭnŭ)

Bulgarian: ове́н (ovén), ове́нъ (ovén); о́вен (óven), уве́н (uvén) (dialectal)

Macedonian: овен (oven)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: о́ван

Latin script: óvan

Slovene: óvən (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: oven (obsolete)

Old Polish: owien

Kashubian: òwien (archaic)

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *awinas. By surface analysis, *ovь (“sheep”) + *-ьnъ.

surf

Rick Derksen
ru:Журавлёв, Анатолий Фёдорович


ľuby

ľubỳ (canonical feminine)
b (accent-paradigm)
ľubỳ (nominative singular)
ľubъ̀vi (dual nominative)
ľubъ̀vi (nominative plural)
ľubъ̀ve (genitive singular)
ľubъ̀vu (dual genitive)
ľubъ̀vъ (genitive plural)
ľubъ̀vi (dative singular)
ľubъ̀vьma (dative dual)
ľubъ̀vama (dative dual)
ľubъ̀vьmъ (dative plural)
ľubъ̀vamъ (dative plural)
ľubъ̀vь (accusative singular)
ľubъ̀vi (accusative dual)
ľubъ̀vi (accusative plural)
ľubъ̀vьjǫ (instrumental singular)
ľubъ̀vľǭ (instrumental singular)
ľubъ̀vьma (dual instrumental)
ľubъ̀vama (dual instrumental)
ľubъ̀vьmī (instrumental plural)
ľubъ̀vamī (instrumental plural)
ľubъ̀ve (locative singular)
ľubъ̀vu (dual locative)
ľubъ̀vьxъ (locative plural)
ľubъ̀vaxъ (locative plural)
ľubỳ (singular vocative)
ľubъ̀vi (dual vocative)
ľubъ̀vi (plural vocative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ljáubūˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *léwbʰuh₂, from *lewbʰ- (“to love, care, desire”).

Old East Slavic: любꙑOld Ruthenian: любы⇒ Old East Slavic: любо́вьOld Ruthenian: любо́въBelarusian: любо́ўCarpathian Rusyn: любо́вUkrainian: любо́вRussian: любо́вь→ Bulgarian: любо́в

л

Old Church Slavonic; Old Cyrillic script


mьgla

mьglà (canonical feminine)
b (accent-paradigm)
mьglà (nominative singular)
mь̀glě (dual nominative)
mьglỳ (nominative plural)
mьglỳ (genitive singular)
mьglù (dual genitive)
mь̀glъ (genitive plural)
mьglě̀ (dative singular)
mьglàma (dative dual)
mьglàmъ (dative plural)
mьglǫ̀ (accusative singular)
mь̀glě (accusative dual)
mьglỳ (accusative plural)
mьglòjǫ (instrumental singular)
mь̀glǫ (instrumental singular)
mьglàma (dual instrumental)
mьglàmī (instrumental plural)
mьglě̀ (locative singular)
mьglù (dual locative)
mьglàsъ (locative plural)
mьglàxъ (locative plural)
mьglo (singular vocative)
mь̀glě (dual vocative)
mьglỳ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: мьгла (mĭgla), мегла (megla), мгла (mgla)

Old Ruthenian: имгла́ (imhlá), мгла́ (mhlá)

Belarusian: імгла́ (imhlá)

Carpathian Rusyn: молга (molha)

Ukrainian: імла́ (imlá), имла́ (ymlá), мла́ (mlá)

Russian: мгла (mgla)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мьгла (mĭgla)

Glagolitic: ⰿⱐⰳⰾⰰ (mĭgla)

Bulgarian: мъгла́ (mǎglá)

Macedonian: ма́гла (mágla)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ма̀гла

Latin script: màgla

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: məglȁ, mə̀gla (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mlha

Czech: mlha

Bohemian (Chod dialect): mhla

Polabian: ḿåglă

Polish: mgła

Old Slovak: hmla, mhla, mlha

Slovak: hmla

Pannonian Rusyn: молга (molha)

Slovincian: mgla

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: mihel, mhła

Lower Sorbian: mła

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *míglāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃mígʰleh₂ (“mist, cloud”).


sъpati

c (accent-paradigm)
sъpanьje (noun-from-verb)
sъpati (infinitive)
sъpatъ (supine)
sъpalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
sъpavъ (active participle past)
sъpę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
sъpaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sъpa (aorist second-person singular)
sъpa (aorist singular third-person)
sъpľǫ (first-person present singular)
sъpiši (present second-person singular)
sъpitь (present singular third-person)
sъpaxově (aorist dual first-person)
sъpasta (aorist dual second-person)
sъpaste (aorist dual third-person)
sъpivě (dual first-person present)
sъpita (dual present second-person)
sъpite (dual present third-person)
sъpaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sъpaste (aorist plural second-person)
sъpašę (aorist plural third-person)
sъpimъ (first-person plural present)
sъpite (plural present second-person)
sъpętь (plural present third-person)
sъpaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sъpaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sъpaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sъpi (imperative second-person singular)
sъpi (imperative singular third-person)
sъpaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sъpaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sъpaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sъpivě (dual first-person imperative)
sъpita (dual imperative second-person)
sъpaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sъpaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sъpaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sъpimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sъpite (imperative plural second-person)
b (accent-paradigm)
sъpanьje (noun-from-verb)
sъpati (infinitive)
sъpatъ (supine)
sъpalъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
sъpavъ (active participle past)
sъpę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
sъpaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sъpa (aorist second-person singular)
sъpa (aorist singular third-person)
sъpľǫ (first-person present singular)
sъpiši (present second-person singular)
sъpitь (present singular third-person)
sъpaxově (aorist dual first-person)
sъpasta (aorist dual second-person)
sъpaste (aorist dual third-person)
sъpivě (dual first-person present)
sъpita (dual present second-person)
sъpite (dual present third-person)
sъpaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sъpaste (aorist plural second-person)
sъpašę (aorist plural third-person)
sъpimъ (first-person plural present)
sъpite (plural present second-person)
sъpętь (plural present third-person)
sъpaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sъpaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sъpaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sъpi (imperative second-person singular)
sъpi (imperative singular third-person)
sъpaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sъpaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sъpaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sъpivě (dual first-person imperative)
sъpita (dual imperative second-person)
sъpaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sъpaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sъpaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sъpimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sъpite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: съпати (sŭpati)

Belarusian: спаць (spacʹ)

Russian: спать (spatʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: спа́ти (spáty)

Ukrainian: спа́ти (spáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: съпати (sŭpati)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱏⱂⰰⱅⰻ (sŭpati)

Bulgarian: спя (spja)

Macedonian: спие (spie)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: спа̏ти

Latin script: spȁti

Slovene: spáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: spáti
Czech: spát

desctree

Old Polish: spać
Polish: spać
Silesian: spać

Slovak: spať

Polabian: såpăt, såpot

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: spac

Slovincian: spac

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: spaś

Upper Sorbian: spać

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *supn-. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *supn- + *-ati, from *swep- (“to sleep”). Cognate with Lithuanian sapnuoti (“to dream”), Sanskrit स्वपति (svápati), स्वपिति (svápiti, “to sleep”), Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬟𐬯𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (xᵛafsaⁱti, “to sleep”), Latin sōpīre (“to fall asleep”), Proto-Germanic *swefaną (“to sleep”), Old English swefan (“to sleep”) (whence obsolete English asweve (“to put to sleep, to stupefy”)). Also cognate with Proto-Germanic *swefnaz, Ancient Greek ὕπνος (húpnos), Latin somnus, Old Irish súan. See also Proto-Slavic *sъ̀nъ (“sleep, dream”).


junъ

jȗnъ (canonical)
junъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
juna (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
juno (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
juna (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
juny (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
juna (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
junu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
juně (dative feminine indefinite singular)
junu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
junъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
junǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
juno (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
junomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
junojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
junomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
juně (indefinite locative masculine singular)
juně (feminine indefinite locative singular)
juně (indefinite locative neuter singular)
june (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
juno (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
juno (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
juna (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
juně (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
juně (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
junu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
junu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
junu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
junoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
junama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
junoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
juna (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
juně (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
juně (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
junoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
junama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
junoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
junu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
junu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
junu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
juna (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
juně (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
juně (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
juni (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
juny (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
juna (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
junъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
junъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
junъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
junomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
junamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
junomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
juny (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
juny (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
juna (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
juny (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
junami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
juny (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
juněxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
junaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
juněxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
juni (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
juny (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
juna (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
junъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
junaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
junoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
junajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
junyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
junajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
junujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
juněji (dative definite feminine singular)
junujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
junъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
junǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
junoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
junyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
junǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
junyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
junějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
juněji (definite feminine locative singular)
junějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
junъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
junaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
junoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
junaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
juněji (definite dual feminine nominative)
juněji (definite dual neuter nominative)
junuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
junuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
junuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
junyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
junyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
junyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
junaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
juněji (accusative definite dual feminine)
juněji (accusative definite dual neuter)
junyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
junyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
junyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
junuju (definite dual locative masculine)
junuju (definite dual feminine locative)
junuju (definite dual locative neuter)
junaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
juněji (definite dual feminine vocative)
juněji (definite dual neuter vocative)
juniji (definite masculine nominative plural)
junyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
junaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
junъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
junъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
junъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
junyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
junyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
junyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
junyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
junyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
junaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
junyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
junyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
junyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
junyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
junyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
junyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
juniji (definite masculine plural vocative)
junyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
junaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *junъ (hard)

Definite declension of *junъ (hard)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ю́ны (júny)

Russian: ю́ный (júnyj)

Ukrainian: ю́ний (júnyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: юнъ (junŭ)

Bulgarian: юнак (junak)

West Slavic:

Czech: jonák, (Moravian) junák

Polish: juny, junak

Slovak: junák

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *jauˀnás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yéwh₁n-o-s, from *h₂yuh₁en- (“young”).


-ę

-ę (nominative singular)
-ęti (dual nominative)
-ęta (nominative plural)
-ęte (genitive singular)
-ętu (dual genitive)
-ętъ (genitive plural)
-ęti (dative singular)
-ętьma (dative dual)
-ętьmъ (dative plural)
-ę (accusative singular)
-ęti (accusative dual)
-ęta (accusative plural)
-ętьmь (instrumental singular)
-ętьma (dual instrumental)
-ęty (instrumental plural)
-ęte (locative singular)
-ętu (dual locative)
-ętьxъ (locative plural)
-ę (singular vocative)
-ęti (dual vocative)
-ęta (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: -ѧ

Old Ruthenian: -ѧ (-ja)

Belarusian: -я (-ja)

Carpathian Rusyn: -я (-ja)

Ukrainian: -я (-ja)

Russian: -я (-ja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: -ѧ

Bulgarian: -е (-e)

Macedonian: -е (-e)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -е

Latin script: -e

Slovene: -e

West Slavic:

Czech: -e

Polabian: -ą

Old Polish: -ę
Polish: -ę
Silesian: -ã

Slovak: -a, -ä

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: -ã

Slovincian: -ã

Nominative singular ending *-ę reflects Early Proto-Slavic *-ēn, a regular reflex of a pre-form *-ent. Slavic nt-stems have no clear comparison in other Indo-European languages. It is usually compared to Latvian nouns in -ēn- which also often denote young animals with three possible theories of origin:
* Slavic suffix *-nt- originated in Proto-Slavic, by agglutination of the inherited Balto-Slavic *-n- and a secondary suffix *-t- of obscure origin.
* Balto-Slavic inflection exhibited ablaut, with Slavic generalizing normal grade *-en- and Baltic generalizing lengthened grade *-ēn-, with the origin of Slavic *-t- remaining unexplained.
* Balto-Slavic inflection already contained *-nt- suffix, retained in Slavic but with Baltic generalizing the nominoaccusative stem in *-ēn < *-ent.

Forms nouns for young animals and other diminutives.


gladiti

glàditi (canonical)
glaďenьje (noun-from-verb)
gladiti (infinitive)
gladitъ (supine)
gladilъ (l-participle)
glaďenъ (participle passive past)
gladimъ (participle passive present)
glaďь (active participle past)
gladę (active participle present)
gladixъ (aorist first-person singular)
gladi (aorist second-person singular)
gladi (aorist singular third-person)
glaďǫ (first-person present singular)
gladiši (present second-person singular)
gladitь (present singular third-person)
gladixově (aorist dual first-person)
gladista (aorist dual second-person)
gladiste (aorist dual third-person)
gladivě (dual first-person present)
gladita (dual present second-person)
gladite (dual present third-person)
gladixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gladiste (aorist plural second-person)
gladišę (aorist plural third-person)
gladimъ (first-person plural present)
gladite (plural present second-person)
gladętь (plural present third-person)
glaďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
glaďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
glaďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gladi (imperative second-person singular)
gladi (imperative singular third-person)
glaďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
glaďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
glaďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gladivě (dual first-person imperative)
gladita (dual imperative second-person)
glaďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
glaďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
glaďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gladimъ (first-person imperative plural)
gladite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гладити (gladiti)

Belarusian: гла́дзіць (hládzicʹ)

Russian: гла́дить (gláditʹ)

Ukrainian: гла́дити (hládyty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: гладити (gladiti)

Bulgarian: гла́дя (gládja)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гла̏дити

Latin script: glȁditi

Slovene: gláditi (tonal orthography) (to rub)

West Slavic:

Czech: hladit

Polish: gładzić

Slovak: hladiť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: głaźiś

Upper Sorbian: hładźić


-ьstvo

-ьstvo (nominative singular)
-ьstvě (dual nominative)
-ьstva (nominative plural)
-ьstva (genitive singular)
-ьstvu (dual genitive)
-ьstvъ (genitive plural)
-ьstvu (dative singular)
-ьstvoma (dative dual)
-ьstvomъ (dative plural)
-ьstvo (accusative singular)
-ьstvě (accusative dual)
-ьstva (accusative plural)
-ьstvъmь (instrumental singular)
-ьstvomь (instrumental singular)
-ьstvoma (dual instrumental)
-ьstvy (instrumental plural)
-ьstvě (locative singular)
-ьstvu (dual locative)
-ьstvěxъ (locative plural)
-ьstvo (singular vocative)
-ьstvě (dual vocative)
-ьstva (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: -ьство (-ĭstvo)

desc

Belarusian: -ства (-stva), -ство́ (-stvó)

Russian: -ство (-stvo)

Ukrainian: -ство (-stvo)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: -ьство (-ĭstvo)

Glagolitic: ⱐⱄⱅⰲⱁ (ĭstvo)

Bulgarian: -ство (-stvo)

Macedonian: -ство (-stvo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -ство

Latin script: -stvo

Slovene: -stvo

West Slavic:

Czech: -stvo, -ství

desctree

Old Polish: -stwo
Polish: -stwo
Silesian: -stwo

Slovak: -stvo

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: -stwo

Slovincian: -stwô

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: -stwo

Upper Sorbian: -stvo

Borrowings:

desc

→ Yiddish: ־סטווע (-stve) (via Belarusian, Polish, Russian, and Ukrainian)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-istwa, from Proto-Indo-European *-twom. See also *-tvo.
Compare Sanskrit -त्व (-tva, “-ness, -hood”).

bogatъ (“rich, wealth”) → *bogatьstvo (“wealth, fortune; richness”)

lǫkavъ (“evil, cunning”) → *lǫkavьstvo (“wickedness, cunningness”)

mъnogъ (“many”) → *mъnožьstvo (“multitude, crowd”)

Deadjectival, forming nouns denoting a condition or state. Equivalent of English -hood, -ness.

gospodь (“lord, master”) → *gospodьstvo (“power, rule, government”)

děva (“maiden, virgin”) → *děvьstvo (“virginity, purity”)

mǫžь (“man, husband”) → *mǫžьstvo (“masculinity, manhood”)

Denominal, forming nouns denoting a performance or carrying of action. Equivalent of English -hood, -ness.

dějati (“to do, act”) → *dějьstvo (“performance, operation”)

čuti (“to feel, perceive”) → *čujьstvo, *čuvьstvo (“feeling, emotion”)

Deverbal, forming nouns denoting an action. Equivalent of English -hood, -ness.


kresati

kresanьje (noun-from-verb)
kresati (infinitive)
kresatъ (supine)
kresalъ (l-participle)
kresanъ (participle passive past)
krešemъ (participle passive present)
kresavъ (active participle past)
krešę (active participle present)
kresaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kresa (aorist second-person singular)
kresa (aorist singular third-person)
krešǫ (first-person present singular)
krešeši (present second-person singular)
krešetь (present singular third-person)
kresaxově (aorist dual first-person)
kresasta (aorist dual second-person)
kresaste (aorist dual third-person)
kreševě (dual first-person present)
krešeta (dual present second-person)
krešete (dual present third-person)
kresaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kresaste (aorist plural second-person)
kresašę (aorist plural third-person)
krešemъ (first-person plural present)
krešete (plural present second-person)
krešǫtь (plural present third-person)
kresaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kresaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kresaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kreši (imperative second-person singular)
kreši (imperative singular third-person)
kresaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kresaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kresaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
krešivě (dual first-person imperative)
krešita (dual imperative second-person)
kresaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kresaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kresaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
krešimъ (first-person imperative plural)
krešite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: краса́ць (krasácʹ)

Russian: креса́ть (kresátʹ), креси́ть (kresítʹ) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: креса́ти (kresáty)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: крѐсати

Latin script: krèsati

Slovene: kresáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: křesati

Czech: křesat

Kashubian: krzosac

Polish: krzesać, krzosać (dialectal)

Slovak: kresať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: kśasaś (dialectal)

Upper Sorbian: křesać

Cognate with Lithuanian krešė́ti (“to clot, to dry and harden”), perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European *kreḱ- (“to strike, beat”), and cognate with Ancient Greek κρέκω (krékō, “to weave; to strike a stringed instrument with a plectrum”), κρόκη (krókē, “thread, woof”), Proto-Germanic *hrahilaz (“reed of a loom”) (whence English reel), and *hragilą (“garment”).
Yakulis alternatively derives the Baltic and Slavic terms from an extension of Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”).


běda

bě̄dà (canonical feminine)
b (accent-paradigm)
bě̄dà (nominative singular)
bě̃dě (dual nominative)
bě̄dỳ (nominative plural)
bě̄dỳ (genitive singular)
bě̄dù (dual genitive)
bě̃dъ (genitive plural)
bě̄dě̀ (dative singular)
bě̄dàma (dative dual)
bě̄dàmъ (dative plural)
bě̄dǫ̀ (accusative singular)
bě̃dě (accusative dual)
bě̄dỳ (accusative plural)
bě̄dòjǫ (instrumental singular)
bě̃dǫ (instrumental singular)
bě̄dàma (dual instrumental)
bě̄dàmī (instrumental plural)
bě̄dě̀ (locative singular)
bě̄dù (dual locative)
bě̄dàsъ (locative plural)
bě̄dàxъ (locative plural)
bědo (singular vocative)
bě̃dě (dual vocative)
bě̄dỳ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: бѣда (běda)

desc

Old Ruthenian: бѣда́ (bědá), бида́ (bidá)

Belarusian: бяда́ (bjadá)

Ukrainian: біда́ (bidá)

Russian: беда́ (bedá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: бѣда (běda)

Glagolitic script: ⰱⱑⰴⰰ (běda)

Bulgarian: беда́ (bedá)

Macedonian: бе́да (béda)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бе́да, бије́да

Latin script: béda, bijéda

Slovene: bẹ́da (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: bída (“poverty, misery”), běda (“woe!”)

Kashubian: biéda

Old Polish: biada

Polish: bieda (“poverty”), biada (“woe”)

Slovak: bieda, beda

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: běda

Lower Sorbian: běda

Opinions alternate between:
* Meyer (in context to Albanian be): Via earlier *báidāˀ from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeydʰ- (“to cajole, force, compel”), cognate with Albanian be f (“oath”), Latin foedus (“treaty”). Probably also akin to Lithuanian baĩdas (“scare”) (per Martynov). Lyapunov (ИОРЯС XXXI) further interprets the etymon as *bojati (“to fear”) + *-da (locative suffix). In contrast, Milleit views it as a deverbial from *běditi (“to compel, to coerce”) (doubted by Trubačev).
* Derksen, Smoczyński: Cognate with Lithuanian bėdà (“misfortune, guilt”), Latvian bēda (“misfortune, guilt”), presumably from *bḗdāˀ, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bʰedʰ- (“to oppress”). Further akin to Lithuanian bãdas (“hunger”), Latvian bads (“hunger”), possibly Sanskrit बाधा (bādhā, “hardship, suffering”).
Convergence of the two sources cannot be excluded either.

běditi

to compel, to coerce, to defeat; to persuade, to slander, to cuss


-estь

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: -есть (-estĭ)

bujь → *bujestь

gořьjь → *gořestь

Variant form of *-ostь, used with soft stems (ending in a palatal consonant).


plęsati

plęsanьje (noun-from-verb)
plęsati (infinitive)
plęsatъ (supine)
plęsalъ (l-participle)
plęsanъ (participle passive past)
plęšemъ (participle passive present)
plęsavъ (active participle past)
plęšę (active participle present)
plęsaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
plęsa (aorist second-person singular)
plęsa (aorist singular third-person)
plęšǫ (first-person present singular)
plęšeši (present second-person singular)
plęšetь (present singular third-person)
plęsaxově (aorist dual first-person)
plęsasta (aorist dual second-person)
plęsaste (aorist dual third-person)
plęševě (dual first-person present)
plęšeta (dual present second-person)
plęšete (dual present third-person)
plęsaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
plęsaste (aorist plural second-person)
plęsašę (aorist plural third-person)
plęšemъ (first-person plural present)
plęšete (plural present second-person)
plęšǫtь (plural present third-person)
plęsaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
plęsaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
plęsaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
plęši (imperative second-person singular)
plęši (imperative singular third-person)
plęsaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
plęsaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
plęsaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
plęšivě (dual first-person imperative)
plęšita (dual imperative second-person)
plęsaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
plęsaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
plęsaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
plęšimъ (first-person imperative plural)
plęšite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: плѧсати

Russian: пляса́ть (pljasátʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: плясати (pljasaty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: плѧсати

Glagolitic: ⱂⰾⱔⱄⰰⱅⰻ (plęsati)

Bulgarian: dial. пле́ша (pléša)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пле́сати

Latin script: plésati

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: plẹ́sati, plesáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: plesat

Polabian: pľǫsăt

Old Polish: plęsać
Polish: pląsać

Slovak: plesať

Non-Slavic:

→ Gothic: 𐍀𐌻𐌹𐌽𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (plinsjan)

Unclear.
* Vasmer: cognate with Old Lithuanian plenšti, dial. plęšti; pląšti.
* Černyx: Old Lithuanian words were borrowed from Slavic.


rodъ

rȍdъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
rȍdъ (nominative singular)
rȍda (dual nominative)
rȍdi (nominative plural)
rȍda (genitive singular)
rodù (dual genitive)
ròdъ (genitive plural)
rȍdu (dative singular)
rodomà (dative dual)
rodòmъ (dative plural)
rȍdъ (accusative singular)
rȍda (accusative dual)
rȍdy (accusative plural)
rȍdъmь (instrumental singular)
rȍdomь (instrumental singular)
rodomà (dual instrumental)
rodý (instrumental plural)
rȍdě (locative singular)
rodù (dual locative)
rodě̃xъ (locative plural)
rode (singular vocative)
rȍda (dual vocative)
rȍdi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: родъ (rodŭ)

Belarusian: род (rod)

Russian: род (rod)

Ukrainian: рід (rid)

→ Finnish: rotu

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: родъ (rodŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱃⱁⰴⱏ (rodŭ)

Bulgarian: род (rod)

Macedonian: род (rod)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: род

Latin script: rȏd

Slovene: ród

West Slavic:

Czech: rod

Kashubian: ród

Polish: ród

Slovak: rod

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: rod

Upper Sorbian: ród

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: rod

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *radás. Cognate with Latvian rads.

rodina

people or land belonging to the family; family, homeland


narodъ

nȃrodъ (canonical)
naròdъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
nȃrodъ (nominative singular)
nȃroda (dual nominative)
nȃrodi (nominative plural)
nȃroda (genitive singular)
narodù (dual genitive)
naròdъ (genitive plural)
nȃrodu (dative singular)
narodomà (dative dual)
narodòmъ (dative plural)
nȃrodъ (accusative singular)
nȃroda (accusative dual)
nȃrody (accusative plural)
nȃrodъmь (instrumental singular)
nȃrodomь (instrumental singular)
narodomà (dual instrumental)
narodý (instrumental plural)
nȃrodě (locative singular)
narodù (dual locative)
narodě̃xъ (locative plural)
narode (singular vocative)
nȃroda (dual vocative)
nȃrodi (plural vocative)
a (accent-paradigm)
naròdъ (nominative singular)
naròda (dual nominative)
naròdi (nominative plural)
naròda (genitive singular)
naròdu (dual genitive)
naròdъ (genitive plural)
naròdu (dative singular)
naròdoma (dative dual)
naròdomъ (dative plural)
naròdъ (accusative singular)
naròda (accusative dual)
naròdy (accusative plural)
naròdъmь (instrumental singular)
naròdomь (instrumental singular)
naròdoma (dual instrumental)
naròdȳ (instrumental plural)
naròdě (locative singular)
naròdu (dual locative)
naròdě̄xъ (locative plural)
naròde (singular vocative)
naròda (dual vocative)
naròdi (plural vocative)

Dybo's law
Jay H. Jasanoff
Oleg Trubachyov
Rick Derksen

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: на́родъ (národŭ), наро́дъ (naródŭ)

Old Ruthenian: на́родъ (národ), наро́дъ (naród)

Carpathian Rusyn: наро́д (naród)

Ukrainian: на́рід (nárid), наро́д (naród)

Belarusian: наро́д (naród)

Russian: наро́д (naród)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: народъ (narodŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱀⰰⱃⱁⰴⱏ (narodŭ)

Bulgarian: наро́д (naród)

→ Romanian: nerod, nărod

Macedonian: на́род (národ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: на́род

Latin script: národ

Slovene: národ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: nôród

Old Czech: národ
Czech: národ

desctree

Old Polish: naród
Polish: naród
Silesian: nŏrōd

Slovak: národ

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: norod

Either:
* from *nȃ- + *rȍdъ
* deverbal from *naroditi
For meaning shift compare Latin nātiō (“birth; that which is born; living creature; human race, clan, tribe; people, nation”).
Jay H. Jasanoff proposes a shift in stress to the second syllable according to Dybo's law, however, apparently this contradicts the Old East Slavic forms на́ро^д (nároᵈ) and народы̀ (narodỳ), where the forms are enclinomena.


narodьnъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *narodьnъ (hard)

Definite declension of *narodьnъ (hard)

narodьnъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
narodьna (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
narodьno (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
narodьna (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
narodьny (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
narodьna (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
narodьnu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
narodьně (dative feminine indefinite singular)
narodьnu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
narodьnъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
narodьnǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
narodьno (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
narodьnomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
narodьnojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
narodьnomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
narodьně (indefinite locative masculine singular)
narodьně (feminine indefinite locative singular)
narodьně (indefinite locative neuter singular)
narodьne (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
narodьno (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
narodьno (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
narodьna (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
narodьně (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
narodьně (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
narodьnu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
narodьnu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
narodьnu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
narodьnoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
narodьnama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
narodьnoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
narodьna (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
narodьně (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
narodьně (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
narodьnoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
narodьnama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
narodьnoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
narodьnu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
narodьnu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
narodьnu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
narodьna (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
narodьně (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
narodьně (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
narodьni (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
narodьny (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
narodьna (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
narodьnъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
narodьnъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
narodьnъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
narodьnomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
narodьnamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
narodьnomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
narodьny (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
narodьny (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
narodьna (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
narodьny (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
narodьnami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
narodьny (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
narodьněxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
narodьnaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
narodьněxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
narodьni (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
narodьny (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
narodьna (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
narodьnъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
narodьnaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
narodьnoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
narodьnajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
narodьnyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
narodьnajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
narodьnujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
narodьněji (dative definite feminine singular)
narodьnujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
narodьnъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
narodьnǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
narodьnoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
narodьnyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
narodьnǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
narodьnyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
narodьnějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
narodьněji (definite feminine locative singular)
narodьnějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
narodьnъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
narodьnaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
narodьnoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
narodьnaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
narodьněji (definite dual feminine nominative)
narodьněji (definite dual neuter nominative)
narodьnuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
narodьnuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
narodьnuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
narodьnyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
narodьnyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
narodьnyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
narodьnaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
narodьněji (accusative definite dual feminine)
narodьněji (accusative definite dual neuter)
narodьnyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
narodьnyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
narodьnyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
narodьnuju (definite dual locative masculine)
narodьnuju (definite dual feminine locative)
narodьnuju (definite dual locative neuter)
narodьnaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
narodьněji (definite dual feminine vocative)
narodьněji (definite dual neuter vocative)
narodьniji (definite masculine nominative plural)
narodьnyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
narodьnaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
narodьnъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
narodьnъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
narodьnъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
narodьnyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
narodьnyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
narodьnyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
narodьnyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
narodьnyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
narodьnaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
narodьnyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
narodьnyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
narodьnyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
narodьnyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
narodьnyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
narodьnyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
narodьniji (definite masculine plural vocative)
narodьnyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
narodьnaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: наро́дны (naródny)

Russian: наро́дный (naródnyj)

Ukrainian: наро́дний (naródnyj)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: народьнъ (narodĭnŭ)

Bulgarian: наро́ден (naróden)

Macedonian: на́роден (národen)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: на́роднӣ

Latin script: národnī

Slovene: národen

West Slavic:

Czech: národní

Slovak: národný

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: narodny

Upper Sorbian: narodny


melzti

mьlzenьje (noun-from-verb)
melzti (infinitive)
melztъ (supine)
mьlzlъ (l-participle)
mьlzenъ (participle passive past)
mьlzomъ (participle passive present)
mьlzъ (active participle past)
mьlzy (active participle present)
mьlzъ (aorist first-person singular)
mьlzoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
mьlze (aorist second-person singular)
mьlze (aorist singular third-person)
mьlzǫ (first-person present singular)
mьlzeši (present second-person singular)
mьlzetь (present singular third-person)
mьlzově (aorist dual first-person)
mьlzoxově (aorist dual first-person)
mьlzeta (aorist dual second-person)
mьlzosta (aorist dual second-person)
mьlzete (aorist dual third-person)
mьlzoste (aorist dual third-person)
mьlzevě (dual first-person present)
mьlzeta (dual present second-person)
mьlzete (dual present third-person)
mьlzomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mьlzoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mьlzete (aorist plural second-person)
mьlzoste (aorist plural second-person)
mьlzǫ (aorist plural third-person)
mьlzošę (aorist plural third-person)
mьlzemъ (first-person plural present)
mьlzete (plural present second-person)
mьlzǫtь (plural present third-person)
mьlzěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mьlzěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mьlzěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
mьlzi (imperative second-person singular)
mьlzi (imperative singular third-person)
mьlzěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mьlzěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mьlzěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mьlzěvě (dual first-person imperative)
mьlzěta (dual imperative second-person)
mьlzěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mьlzěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mьlzěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mьlzěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
mьlzěte (imperative plural second-person)

Church Slavonic: млѣсти (mlěsti), мельзити (melĭziti) (Russian)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: мълзя (mǎlzja) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: му̏сти

Latin script: mȕsti

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: mlẹ́sti, mólsti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Slovak: mĺzť (dialectal)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *melźtei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂melǵ-.
This Indo-European root also gave rise to the Germanic form *meluks (“milk”), which was possibly later borrowed into Slavic as *melko (“milk”). Other Indo-European cognates of the same root include Latin mulgeō, Ancient Greek ἀμέλγω (amélgō), Lithuanian mélžti / mìlžti, 3sg. mélžia, Welsh blith, Tocharian A malke.


-ovъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *-ovъ (hard)

Definite declension of *-ovъ (hard)

-ovъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
-ova (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
-ovo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
-ova (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
-ovy (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
-ova (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
-ovu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
-ově (dative feminine indefinite singular)
-ovu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
-ovъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
-ovǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
-ovo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
-ovomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
-ovojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
-ovomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
-ově (indefinite locative masculine singular)
-ově (feminine indefinite locative singular)
-ově (indefinite locative neuter singular)
-ove (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
-ovo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
-ovo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
-ova (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
-ově (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
-ově (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
-ovu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
-ovu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
-ovu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
-ovoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
-ovama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
-ovoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
-ova (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
-ově (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
-ově (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
-ovoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
-ovama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
-ovoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
-ovu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
-ovu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
-ovu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
-ova (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
-ově (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
-ově (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
-ovi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
-ovy (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
-ova (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
-ovъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
-ovъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
-ovъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
-ovomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
-ovamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
-ovomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
-ovy (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
-ovy (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
-ova (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
-ovy (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
-ovami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
-ovy (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
-ověxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
-ovaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
-ověxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
-ovi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
-ovy (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
-ova (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
-ovъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
-ovaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
-ovoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
-ovajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
-ovyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
-ovajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
-ovujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
-ověji (dative definite feminine singular)
-ovujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
-ovъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
-ovǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
-ovoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
-ovyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
-ovǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
-ovyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
-ovějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
-ověji (definite feminine locative singular)
-ovějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
-ovъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
-ovaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
-ovoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
-ovaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
-ověji (definite dual feminine nominative)
-ověji (definite dual neuter nominative)
-ovuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
-ovuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
-ovuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
-ovyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
-ovyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
-ovyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
-ovaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
-ověji (accusative definite dual feminine)
-ověji (accusative definite dual neuter)
-ovyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
-ovyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
-ovyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
-ovuju (definite dual locative masculine)
-ovuju (definite dual feminine locative)
-ovuju (definite dual locative neuter)
-ovaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
-ověji (definite dual feminine vocative)
-ověji (definite dual neuter vocative)
-oviji (definite masculine nominative plural)
-ovyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
-ovaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
-ovъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
-ovъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
-ovъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
-ovyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
-ovyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
-ovyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
-ovyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
-ovyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
-ovaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
-ovyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
-ovyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
-ovyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
-ovyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
-ovyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
-ovyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
-oviji (definite masculine plural vocative)
-ovyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
-ovaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: -аў (-aŭ) (unstressed), -оў (-oŭ) (stressed)

Russian: -ов (-ov)

Ukrainian: -ів (-iv), -овий (-ovyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: -овъ (-ovŭ)

Bulgarian: -ов (-ov)

Macedonian: -ов (-ov)

Serbo-Croatian: -ov/-ов

West Slavic:

Old Czech: -óv

Czech: -ův

Old Polish: -ów, -owy

Polish: -ów, -owy

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: -ów, -owi

Slovincian: -ó, -ôwy

Old Slovak: -ov

Pannonian Rusyn: -ов (-ov), -ови (-ovi)

Slovak: -ov

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: -owy

Extracted from thematisations of u-stem nouns, such as *domovъ (“domestic”) from *domъ. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-ew-, the oblique stem of u-stem nouns (*-us) plus the o-stem ending *-os (see also *-ъ for the discussion about the unexpected reflex of *-os).

of, belonging to; creates possessive adjectives. Also productive for creating family names, which indicated origin or relationship.


-evъ

Indefinite declension of *-evъ (hard)

Definite declension of *-evъ (hard)

-evъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
-eva (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
-evo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
-eva (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
-evy (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
-eva (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
-evu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
-evě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
-evu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
-evъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
-evǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
-evo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
-evomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
-evojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
-evomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
-evě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
-evě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
-evě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
-eve (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
-evo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
-evo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
-eva (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
-evě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
-evě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
-evu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
-evu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
-evu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
-evoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
-evama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
-evoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
-eva (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
-evě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
-evě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
-evoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
-evama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
-evoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
-evu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
-evu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
-evu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
-eva (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
-evě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
-evě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
-evi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
-evy (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
-eva (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
-evъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
-evъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
-evъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
-evomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
-evamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
-evomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
-evy (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
-evy (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
-eva (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
-evy (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
-evami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
-evy (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
-evěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
-evaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
-evěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
-evi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
-evy (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
-eva (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
-evъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
-evaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
-evoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
-evajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
-evyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
-evajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
-evujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
-evěji (dative definite feminine singular)
-evujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
-evъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
-evǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
-evoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
-evyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
-evǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
-evyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
-evějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
-evěji (definite feminine locative singular)
-evějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
-evъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
-evaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
-evoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
-evaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
-evěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
-evěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
-evuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
-evuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
-evuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
-evyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
-evyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
-evyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
-evaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
-evěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
-evěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
-evyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
-evyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
-evyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
-evuju (definite dual locative masculine)
-evuju (definite dual feminine locative)
-evuju (definite dual locative neuter)
-evaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
-evěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
-evěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
-eviji (definite masculine nominative plural)
-evyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
-evaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
-evъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
-evъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
-evъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
-evyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
-evyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
-evyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
-evyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
-evyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
-evaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
-evyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
-evyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
-evyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
-evyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
-evyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
-evyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
-eviji (definite masculine plural vocative)
-evyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
-evaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: -ев (-ev), -ёв (-jóv)

Ukrainian: -ів (-iv), -їв (-jiv)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: -евъ (-evŭ)

Bulgarian: -ев (-ev)

Variant form of *-ovъ, used with soft nouns (ending in a palatal consonant).


-ьnъ

Indefinite declension of *-ьnъ (hard)

Definite declension of *-ьnъ (hard)

-ьnъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
-ьna (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
-ьno (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
-ьna (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
-ьny (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
-ьna (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
-ьnu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
-ьně (dative feminine indefinite singular)
-ьnu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
-ьnъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
-ьnǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
-ьno (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
-ьnomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
-ьnojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
-ьnomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
-ьně (indefinite locative masculine singular)
-ьně (feminine indefinite locative singular)
-ьně (indefinite locative neuter singular)
-ьne (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
-ьno (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
-ьno (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
-ьna (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
-ьně (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
-ьně (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
-ьnu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
-ьnu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
-ьnu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
-ьnoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
-ьnama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
-ьnoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
-ьna (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
-ьně (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
-ьně (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
-ьnoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
-ьnama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
-ьnoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
-ьnu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
-ьnu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
-ьnu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
-ьna (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
-ьně (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
-ьně (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
-ьni (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
-ьny (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
-ьna (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
-ьnъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
-ьnъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
-ьnъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
-ьnomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
-ьnamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
-ьnomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
-ьny (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
-ьny (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
-ьna (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
-ьny (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
-ьnami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
-ьny (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
-ьněxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
-ьnaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
-ьněxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
-ьni (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
-ьny (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
-ьna (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
-ьnъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
-ьnaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
-ьnoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
-ьnajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
-ьnyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
-ьnajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
-ьnujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
-ьněji (dative definite feminine singular)
-ьnujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
-ьnъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
-ьnǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
-ьnoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
-ьnyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
-ьnǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
-ьnyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
-ьnějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
-ьněji (definite feminine locative singular)
-ьnějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
-ьnъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
-ьnaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
-ьnoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
-ьnaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
-ьněji (definite dual feminine nominative)
-ьněji (definite dual neuter nominative)
-ьnuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
-ьnuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
-ьnuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
-ьnyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
-ьnyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
-ьnyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
-ьnaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
-ьněji (accusative definite dual feminine)
-ьněji (accusative definite dual neuter)
-ьnyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
-ьnyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
-ьnyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
-ьnuju (definite dual locative masculine)
-ьnuju (definite dual feminine locative)
-ьnuju (definite dual locative neuter)
-ьnaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
-ьněji (definite dual feminine vocative)
-ьněji (definite dual neuter vocative)
-ьniji (definite masculine nominative plural)
-ьnyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
-ьnaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
-ьnъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
-ьnъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
-ьnъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
-ьnyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
-ьnyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
-ьnyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
-ьnyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
-ьnyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
-ьnaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
-ьnyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
-ьnyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
-ьnyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
-ьnyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
-ьnyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
-ьnyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
-ьniji (definite masculine plural vocative)
-ьnyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
-ьnaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: -ьнъ (-ĭnŭ)

Old Ruthenian: -ный (-nyj)

Belarusian: -ны (-ny)

Ukrainian: -ний (-nyj)

Russian: -ный (-nyj)

Old Novgorodian: -ьне (-ĭne)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: -ьнъ (-ĭnŭ)

Bulgarian: -ен (-en), -ън (-ǎn) (Torlakian dialect)

Macedonian: -ен (-en)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -ан

Latin script: -an

Slovene: -en

West Slavic:

Czech: -ný, -ní

Old Polish: -ny
Polish: -ny

Slovak: -ný, -ny

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: -ny

Slovincian: -ny

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: -ni

Lower Sorbian: -ny

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-inas, from Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos. Cognate with Lithuanian -inas and Old Prussian -ins.

-ish, -ic, -al, -ed; having a particular quality of, pertaining to, associated with

bezbordьnъ < *bezbordъ

bezrǫčьnъ < *bezrǫkъ

besormьnъ < *besormъ

bezǫbьnъ < *bezǫbъ

domaťьnъ < *domaťь


teplъ

Indefinite declension of *teplъ (hard)

Definite declension of *teplъ (hard)

teplъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
tepla (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
teplo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
tepla (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
teply (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
tepla (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
teplu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
teplě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
teplu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
teplъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
teplǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
teplo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
teplomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
teplojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
teplomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
teplě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
teplě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
teplě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
teple (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
teplo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
teplo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
tepla (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
teplě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
teplě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
teplu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
teplu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
teplu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
teploma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
teplama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
teploma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
tepla (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
teplě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
teplě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
teploma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
teplama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
teploma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
teplu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
teplu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
teplu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
tepla (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
teplě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
teplě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
tepli (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
teply (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
tepla (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
teplъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
teplъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
teplъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
teplomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
teplamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
teplomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
teply (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
teply (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
tepla (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
teply (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
teplami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
teply (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
teplěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
teplaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
teplěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
tepli (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
teply (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
tepla (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
teplъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
teplaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
teploje (definite neuter nominative singular)
teplajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
teplyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
teplajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
teplujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
teplěji (dative definite feminine singular)
teplujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
teplъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
teplǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
teploje (accusative definite neuter singular)
teplyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
teplǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
teplyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
teplějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
teplěji (definite feminine locative singular)
teplějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
teplъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
teplaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
teploje (definite neuter singular vocative)
teplaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
teplěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
teplěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
tepluju (definite dual genitive masculine)
tepluju (definite dual feminine genitive)
tepluju (definite dual genitive neuter)
teplyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
teplyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
teplyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
teplaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
teplěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
teplěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
teplyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
teplyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
teplyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
tepluju (definite dual locative masculine)
tepluju (definite dual feminine locative)
tepluju (definite dual locative neuter)
teplaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
teplěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
teplěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
tepliji (definite masculine nominative plural)
teplyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
teplaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
teplъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
teplъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
teplъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
teplyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
teplyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
teplyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
teplyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
teplyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
teplaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
teplyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
teplyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
teplyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
teplyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
teplyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
teplyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
tepliji (definite masculine plural vocative)
teplyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
teplaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: цёплы (cjóply)

Russian: тёплый (tjóplyj)

Ukrainian: те́плий (téplyj)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: топлъ (toplŭ), *теплъ (*teplŭ)

⇒ Old Church Slavonic: теплость (teplostĭ)

Bulgarian: то́пъл (tópǎl)

Macedonian: топол (topol)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: то̏пао

Latin script: tȍpao, tȍpal, tȅpal

Slovene: tọ́pəł (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: teplý

Kashubian: cepłi

Polish: ciepły

Slovak: teplý

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: ćopły

Lower Sorbian: śopły

Likely the l-participle of an unattested verb **teti (“to become/be hot”) + *-lъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *tep-, from Proto-Indo-European *tep-. Cognate with Sanskrit तप् (tap-, “hot”), Latin tepeō (“be hot”) whence English tepid.

toplъ

South Slavic, possibly under influence of *topiti


toplъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *toplъ (hard)

Definite declension of *toplъ (hard)

toplъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
topla (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
toplo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
topla (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
toply (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
topla (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
toplu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
toplě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
toplu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
toplъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
toplǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
toplo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
toplomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
toplojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
toplomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
toplě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
toplě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
toplě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
tople (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
toplo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
toplo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
topla (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
toplě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
toplě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
toplu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
toplu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
toplu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
toploma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
toplama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
toploma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
topla (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
toplě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
toplě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
toploma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
toplama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
toploma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
toplu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
toplu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
toplu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
topla (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
toplě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
toplě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
topli (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
toply (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
topla (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
toplъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
toplъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
toplъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
toplomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
toplamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
toplomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
toply (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
toply (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
topla (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
toply (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
toplami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
toply (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
toplěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
toplaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
toplěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
topli (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
toply (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
topla (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
toplъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
toplaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
toploje (definite neuter nominative singular)
toplajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
toplyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
toplajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
toplujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
toplěji (dative definite feminine singular)
toplujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
toplъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
toplǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
toploje (accusative definite neuter singular)
toplyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
toplǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
toplyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
toplějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
toplěji (definite feminine locative singular)
toplějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
toplъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
toplaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
toploje (definite neuter singular vocative)
toplaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
toplěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
toplěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
topluju (definite dual genitive masculine)
topluju (definite dual feminine genitive)
topluju (definite dual genitive neuter)
toplyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
toplyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
toplyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
toplaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
toplěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
toplěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
toplyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
toplyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
toplyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
topluju (definite dual locative masculine)
topluju (definite dual feminine locative)
topluju (definite dual locative neuter)
toplaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
toplěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
toplěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
topliji (definite masculine nominative plural)
toplyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
toplaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
toplъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
toplъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
toplъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
toplyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
toplyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
toplyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
toplyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
toplyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
toplaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
toplyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
toplyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
toplyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
toplyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
toplyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
toplyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
topliji (definite masculine plural vocative)
toplyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
toplaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

(South Slavic) Alternative form of *teplъ


vermę

vermę̀ (canonical neuter)
c (accent-paradigm)
vermę (nominative singular)
vȇrmeni (dual nominative)
vermenà (nominative plural)
vȇrmene (genitive singular)
vermenù (dual genitive)
vermènъ (genitive plural)
vȇrmeni (dative singular)
vermenьmà (dative dual)
vermènьmъ (dative plural)
vermę (accusative singular)
vȇrmeni (accusative dual)
vermenà (accusative plural)
vȇrmenьmь (instrumental singular)
vermenьmà (dual instrumental)
vermený (instrumental plural)
vȇrmene (locative singular)
vermenù (dual locative)
vermènьxъ (locative plural)
vermę (singular vocative)
vȇrmeni (dual vocative)
vermenà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: веремѧ

Old Ruthenian: веремѧ (veremja)

desc

Belarusian: ве́реме (vjérjemje) (obsolete)

Ukrainian: ве́ре́м'я (vérémʺja) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⰲⱃⱑⰿⱔ (vrěmę)

Old Cyrillic script: врѣмѧ

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: вре́ме, врије́ме, ври́ме

Latin script: vréme, vrijéme, vríme

Slovene: vréme

West Slavic:

Old Polish: wrzemię

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: vreme

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wer(t)men/*wer(t)min, from Proto-Indo-European *wértmn̥ (“revolution”), a -men-stem derivative of *wert- (“to turn”). Cognate with Sanskrit वर्त्मन् (vártman, “track, course”). Probably originally meant “period (of time)”, undergoing a similar sematic shift as French temps (“time”) from Latin tempus (“period”).


-ěnъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *-ěnъ (hard)

Definite declension of *-ěnъ (hard)

ěnъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
ěna (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
ěno (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
ěna (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
ěny (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
ěna (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
ěnu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
ěně (dative feminine indefinite singular)
ěnu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
ěnъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
ěnǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
ěno (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
ěnomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
ěnojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
ěnomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
ěně (indefinite locative masculine singular)
ěně (feminine indefinite locative singular)
ěně (indefinite locative neuter singular)
ěne (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
ěno (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
ěno (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
ěna (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
ěně (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
ěně (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
ěnu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
ěnu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
ěnu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
ěnoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
ěnama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
ěnoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
ěna (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
ěně (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
ěně (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
ěnoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
ěnama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
ěnoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
ěnu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
ěnu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
ěnu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
ěna (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
ěně (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
ěně (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
ěni (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
ěny (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
ěna (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
ěnъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
ěnъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
ěnъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
ěnomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
ěnamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
ěnomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
ěny (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
ěny (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
ěna (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
ěny (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
ěnami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
ěny (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
ěněxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
ěnaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
ěněxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
ěni (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
ěny (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
ěna (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
ěnъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
ěnaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
ěnoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
ěnajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
ěnyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
ěnajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
ěnujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
ěněji (dative definite feminine singular)
ěnujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
ěnъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
ěnǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
ěnoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
ěnyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
ěnǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
ěnyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
ěnějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
ěněji (definite feminine locative singular)
ěnějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
ěnъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
ěnaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
ěnoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
ěnaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
ěněji (definite dual feminine nominative)
ěněji (definite dual neuter nominative)
ěnuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
ěnuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
ěnuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
ěnyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
ěnyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
ěnyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
ěnaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
ěněji (accusative definite dual feminine)
ěněji (accusative definite dual neuter)
ěnyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
ěnyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
ěnyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
ěnuju (definite dual locative masculine)
ěnuju (definite dual feminine locative)
ěnuju (definite dual locative neuter)
ěnaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
ěněji (definite dual feminine vocative)
ěněji (definite dual neuter vocative)
ěniji (definite masculine nominative plural)
ěnyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
ěnaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
ěnъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
ěnъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
ěnъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
ěnyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
ěnyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
ěnyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
ěnyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
ěnyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
ěnaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
ěnyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
ěnyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
ěnyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
ěnyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
ěnyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
ěnyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
ěniji (definite masculine plural vocative)
ěnyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
ěnaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Russian: -яно́й (-janój), -я́ный (-jányj), -я́нный (-jánnyj) (< *-ěnьnъ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: -ѣнъ (-ěnŭ)

Bulgarian: -ен (-en), -енен (-enen)

Macedonian: -ен (-en)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -ен

Latin script: -en

Slovene: -en

West Slavic:

Czech: -ěný

Old Polish: -any

Polish: -any

Slovak: -ený

Taken from old consonantal stem nouns in *-en- with a generalized long grade. This is also suggested by the adjectives built from a */men/-stem nouns, e.g.
* *kamy (“stone”) → *kaměnъ (“stony, rocky, made of stone”) (and not **kameněnъ as in Bulgarian, for example)
* *polmy (“flame”) → *polměnъ (“fiery”) (and not **polmeněnъ as in Bulgarian, for example)

volsъ (“hair”) → *volsěnъ (“made of (horse) hair”)

dervo (“tree”) → *dervěnъ (“wooden, made of wood”)

lьnъ (“linen”) → *lьněnъ (“flaxen, linen”)

Forming adjectives meaning 'made of '; -en

děti, *dějati (“to do, make”) → *dobro-dějanъ (“virtuous”)

piti (“drink”) → *pьjanъ (“drunk”)


-inъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *-inъ (hard)

Definite declension of *-inъ (hard)

-inъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
-ina (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
-ino (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
-ina (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
-iny (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
-ina (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
-inu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
-ině (dative feminine indefinite singular)
-inu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
-inъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
-inǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
-ino (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
-inomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
-inojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
-inomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
-ině (indefinite locative masculine singular)
-ině (feminine indefinite locative singular)
-ině (indefinite locative neuter singular)
-ine (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
-ino (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
-ino (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
-ina (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
-ině (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
-ině (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
-inu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
-inu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
-inu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
-inoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
-inama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
-inoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
-ina (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
-ině (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
-ině (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
-inoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
-inama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
-inoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
-inu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
-inu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
-inu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
-ina (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
-ině (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
-ině (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
-ini (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
-iny (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
-ina (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
-inъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
-inъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
-inъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
-inomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
-inamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
-inomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
-iny (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
-iny (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
-ina (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
-iny (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
-inami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
-iny (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
-iněxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
-inaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
-iněxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
-ini (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
-iny (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
-ina (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
-inъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
-inaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
-inoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
-inajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
-inyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
-inajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
-inujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
-iněji (dative definite feminine singular)
-inujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
-inъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
-inǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
-inoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
-inyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
-inǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
-inyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
-inějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
-iněji (definite feminine locative singular)
-inějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
-inъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
-inaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
-inoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
-inaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
-iněji (definite dual feminine nominative)
-iněji (definite dual neuter nominative)
-inuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
-inuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
-inuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
-inyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
-inyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
-inyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
-inaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
-iněji (accusative definite dual feminine)
-iněji (accusative definite dual neuter)
-inyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
-inyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
-inyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
-inuju (definite dual locative masculine)
-inuju (definite dual feminine locative)
-inuju (definite dual locative neuter)
-inaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
-iněji (definite dual feminine vocative)
-iněji (definite dual neuter vocative)
-iniji (definite masculine nominative plural)
-inyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
-inaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
-inъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
-inъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
-inъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
-inyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
-inyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
-inyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
-inyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
-inyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
-inaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
-inyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
-inyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
-inyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
-inyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
-inyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
-inyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
-iniji (definite masculine plural vocative)
-inyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
-inaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: -инъ (-inŭ)

Belarusian: -ін (-in)

Russian: -ин (-in)

Carpathian Rusyn: -ин (-yn)

Ukrainian: -ин (-yn)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: -инъ (-inŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -ин

Latin script: -in

Bulgarian: -ин (-in)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: -in

Czech: -in

Old Polish: -in

Polish: -in, -yn, -iny, -yny

Slovak: -in

Pomeranian:

Slovincian: -yn

→ German: -in

Adjective-forming suffix. From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-īˀnas, from Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos. Cognate with Lithuanian collective-forming suffix -ýnas, Latin -īnus. Compare also *-ina for forming both collectives and singulatives (from Proto-Indo-European *-iHneh₂). E.g.
* *svinъ (“of or pertaining to pigs”) from Proto-Balto-Slavic *swīˀnas from Proto-Indo-European *suH-iHnos (cognate formation with Latvian svīns (“dirty”), Latin suīnus (“swine”), Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽 (swein, “pig”)).
Later it was productively applied to inherited i-stems:
* *zvěrь (“beast”) → *zvěrinъ (“beastly, animal”)
* *gostь (“guest”) → *gostinъ (“guest's, guest-”)
The singulative meaning derives from original possessive meaning, for example the meaning of *čeľadinъ “member of the tribe or household” is derived from “belonging to the tribe or household”.

-ine (of or pertaining to) Creates relative and possessive adjectives from nouns other than o-stems.


-inъ

-inъ (nominative singular)
-ina (dual nominative)
-ini (nominative plural)
-ina (genitive singular)
-inu (dual genitive)
-inъ (genitive plural)
-inu (dative singular)
-inoma (dative dual)
-inomъ (dative plural)
-inъ (accusative singular)
-ina (accusative dual)
-iny (accusative plural)
-inъmь (instrumental singular)
-inomь (instrumental singular)
-inoma (dual instrumental)
-iny (instrumental plural)
-ině (locative singular)
-inu (dual locative)
-iněxъ (locative plural)
-ine (singular vocative)
-ina (dual vocative)
-ini (plural vocative)

bratъ (“brother”) → *bratьja (“brothers (collectively)”) → *bratinъ (“brother”)

čeľadь (“family, ancestral community, everyone in household”) → *čeľadinъ (“one belonging to the family, tribe or household”)

gospoda (“lords (collectively)”) → *gospodinъ (“master, lord”)

ľudь, *ľudьje (“people, folks (collectively)”) → *ľudinъ (“man”)

Obre (“Avars”) → *obrinъ (“Avar; giant”)

voji (“army”) → *vojinъ (“soldier, warrior”)

Rusь (“Rus'”) → *Rusinъ

Creates singulatives, mostly with consonantal-stem pluralia tantum or collective nouns denoting nationalities, names of residents of an area, names of tribes and place names.

melti (“to grind”) → *mьlinъ (“(type of) pancake”) (if not *mъlinъ from molinus)

kolti (“to hit with something sharp; to split”) → *kъlinъ (“wedge, splitting tool”)

Exceptionally occurs in several unmotivated formations, usually to create an instrument or agent noun