truti

trùti (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
trutьje (noun-from-verb)
truti (infinitive)
trutъ (supine)
trulъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
trutъ (participle passive past)
trovomъ (participle passive present)
truvъ (active participle past)
trovy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
truxъ (aorist first-person singular)
tru (aorist second-person singular)
tru (aorist singular third-person)
trovǫ (first-person present singular)
troveši (present second-person singular)
trovetь (present singular third-person)
truxově (aorist dual first-person)
trusta (aorist dual second-person)
truste (aorist dual third-person)
trovevě (dual first-person present)
troveta (dual present second-person)
trovete (dual present third-person)
truxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
truste (aorist plural second-person)
trušę (aorist plural third-person)
trovemъ (first-person plural present)
trovete (plural present second-person)
trovǫtь (plural present third-person)
trověaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
trověaše (imperfect second-person singular)
trověaše (imperfect singular third-person)
trovi (imperative second-person singular)
trovi (imperative singular third-person)
trověaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
trověašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
trověašete (dual imperfect third-person)
trověvě (dual first-person imperative)
trověta (dual imperative second-person)
trověaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
trověašete (imperfect plural second-person)
trověaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
trověmъ (first-person imperative plural)
trověte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: трꙋти (truti)

Ukrainian: труї́ти (trujíty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: натроути (natruti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

West Slavic:

Polish: truć


kazniti

kazňenьje (noun-from-verb)
kazniti (infinitive)
kaznitъ (supine)
kaznilъ (l-participle)
kazňenъ (participle passive past)
kaznimъ (participle passive present)
kazňь (active participle past)
kaznę (active participle present)
kaznixъ (aorist first-person singular)
kazni (aorist second-person singular)
kazni (aorist singular third-person)
kazňǫ (first-person present singular)
kazniši (present second-person singular)
kaznitь (present singular third-person)
kaznixově (aorist dual first-person)
kaznista (aorist dual second-person)
kazniste (aorist dual third-person)
kaznivě (dual first-person present)
kaznita (dual present second-person)
kaznite (dual present third-person)
kaznixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kazniste (aorist plural second-person)
kaznišę (aorist plural third-person)
kaznimъ (first-person plural present)
kaznite (plural present second-person)
kaznętь (plural present third-person)
kazňaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kazňaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kazňaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kazni (imperative second-person singular)
kazni (imperative singular third-person)
kazňaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kazňaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kazňaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kaznivě (dual first-person imperative)
kaznita (dual imperative second-person)
kazňaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kazňaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kazňaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kaznimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kaznite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: казни́ть (kaznítʹ)

Ukrainian: казни́ти (kaznýty)

South Slavic

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: казнити (kazniti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ка̏знити

Latin script: kȁzniti

Slovene: kazníti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic

Czech: káznit

Old Polish: kaźnić


strašiti

strašenьje (noun-from-verb)
strašiti (infinitive)
strašitъ (supine)
strašilъ (l-participle)
strašenъ (participle passive past)
strašimъ (participle passive present)
strašь (active participle past)
strašę (active participle present)
strašixъ (aorist first-person singular)
straši (aorist second-person singular)
straši (aorist singular third-person)
strašǫ (first-person present singular)
strašiši (present second-person singular)
strašitь (present singular third-person)
strašixově (aorist dual first-person)
strašista (aorist dual second-person)
strašiste (aorist dual third-person)
strašivě (dual first-person present)
strašita (dual present second-person)
strašite (dual present third-person)
strašixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
strašiste (aorist plural second-person)
strašišę (aorist plural third-person)
strašimъ (first-person plural present)
strašite (plural present second-person)
strašętь (plural present third-person)
strašaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
strašaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
strašaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
straši (imperative second-person singular)
straši (imperative singular third-person)
strašaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
strašaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
strašaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
strašivě (dual first-person imperative)
strašita (dual imperative second-person)
strašaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
strašaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
strašaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
strašimъ (first-person imperative plural)
strašite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: страшыць (strašycʹ)

Russian: страши́ть (strašítʹ)

Ukrainian: страши́ти (strašýty)

South Slavic

desc

Old Church Slavonic: страшити (strašiti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: стра̏шити

Latin script: strȁšiti

Slovene: strášiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic

Old Czech: strašiti

Czech: strašit

Kashubian: straszëc

Polish: straszyć

⇒ Silesian: strŏszać

Slovak: strašiť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: trašić


dojiti

dojìti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
dojenьje (noun-from-verb)
dojiti (infinitive)
dojitъ (supine)
dojilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
dojenъ (participle passive past)
dojimъ (participle passive present)
dojь (active participle past)
doję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
dojixъ (aorist first-person singular)
doji (aorist second-person singular)
doji (aorist singular third-person)
dojǫ (first-person present singular)
dojiši (present second-person singular)
dojitь (present singular third-person)
dojixově (aorist dual first-person)
dojista (aorist dual second-person)
dojiste (aorist dual third-person)
dojivě (dual first-person present)
dojita (dual present second-person)
dojite (dual present third-person)
dojixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dojiste (aorist plural second-person)
dojišę (aorist plural third-person)
dojimъ (first-person plural present)
dojite (plural present second-person)
dojętь (plural present third-person)
dojaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dojaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dojaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
doji (imperative second-person singular)
doji (imperative singular third-person)
dojaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dojaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dojaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dojivě (dual first-person imperative)
dojita (dual imperative second-person)
dojaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dojaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dojaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dojimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dojite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: доити (doiti)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: дои́ти (doʲíti)
Belarusian: даі́ць (daícʹ)
Carpathian Rusyn: дои́ти (doýty)
Ukrainian: дої́ти (dojíty)

Russian: дои́ть (doítʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: доити (doiti)

Glagolitic script: ⰴⱁⰹⱅⰹ (doiti)

Bulgarian: доя́ (dojá)

Macedonian: до́и (dói)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: до̀јити

Latin script: dòjiti

Slovene: dojīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: dojit

Polabian: düjĕ (3sg.)

Polish: doić

Slovak: dojiť

Slovincian: dôjic

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: dejić, dojić

Lower Sorbian: dojś

By surface analysis, *dojь + *-iti, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁(y)-. Cognate with Latvian dêt (“to suck”), Sanskrit धयति (dháyati, “to suck”), Latin fellō (“to suck”), Gothic 𐌳𐌰𐌳𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (daddjan, “to breastfeed”).


bučati

bučàti (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
bučanьje (noun-from-verb)
bučati (infinitive)
bučatъ (supine)
bučalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
bučanъ (participle passive past)
bučimъ (participle passive present)
bučavъ (active participle past)
bučę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
bučaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
buča (aorist second-person singular)
buča (aorist singular third-person)
bučǫ (first-person present singular)
bučiši (present second-person singular)
bučitь (present singular third-person)
bučaxově (aorist dual first-person)
bučasta (aorist dual second-person)
bučaste (aorist dual third-person)
bučivě (dual first-person present)
bučita (dual present second-person)
bučite (dual present third-person)
bučaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bučaste (aorist plural second-person)
bučašę (aorist plural third-person)
bučimъ (first-person plural present)
bučite (plural present second-person)
bučętь (plural present third-person)
bučaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bučaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bučaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
buči (imperative second-person singular)
buči (imperative singular third-person)
bučaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bučaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bučaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bučivě (dual first-person imperative)
bučita (dual imperative second-person)
bučaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bučaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bučaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bučimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bučite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

Russian: буча́ть (bučátʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: буча́ (bučá)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бу́чати

Latin script: búčati

Slovene: bučáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: bučeti

Polabian: b'aucĕ

Polish: buczeć

Slovak: bučať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: bycaś

Upper Sorbian: bučeć

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: buças

Of onomatopoeic origin from Proto-Indo-European *bew- or possibly *bʰewH- (“to grow”) + *-čati. Cognate with Lithuanian baũkti (“to roar”), Sanskrit बुक्कति (bukkati, “to bark”).


kloniti

East Slavic:

Belarusian: клоні́ць (klonícʹ)

Russian: клони́ть (klonítʹ)

Ukrainian: клони́ти (klonýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: клонити (kloniti)

Bulgarian: клоня́ (klonjá)

Macedonian: клони (kloni)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кло̀нити

Latin script: klòniti

Slovene: klonīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: klonit

Polish: kłonić

Slovak: klоniť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: kłoniś

Upper Sorbian: kłonić

From *klonъ + *-iti, probably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kel- (“to crook, to bend”). Has been compared (by Berneker, Mladenov) with Proto-Slavic *sloniti (“to shelter, to screen”).

cog

(by extension) to tend, to verge, to arch


paziti

pàziti (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
paženьje (noun-from-verb)
paziti (infinitive)
pazitъ (supine)
pazilъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
paženъ (participle passive past)
pazimъ (participle passive present)
pažь (active participle past)
pazę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
pazixъ (aorist first-person singular)
pazi (aorist second-person singular)
pazi (aorist singular third-person)
pažǫ (first-person present singular)
paziši (present second-person singular)
pazitь (present singular third-person)
pazixově (aorist dual first-person)
pazista (aorist dual second-person)
paziste (aorist dual third-person)
pazivě (dual first-person present)
pazita (dual present second-person)
pazite (dual present third-person)
pazixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
paziste (aorist plural second-person)
pazišę (aorist plural third-person)
pazimъ (first-person plural present)
pazite (plural present second-person)
pazętь (plural present third-person)
pažaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pažaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pažaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pazi (imperative second-person singular)
pazi (imperative singular third-person)
pažaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pažaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pažaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pazivě (dual first-person imperative)
pazita (dual imperative second-person)
pažaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pažaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pažaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pazimъ (first-person imperative plural)
pazite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: па́зити (pázyty) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: пазити (paziti)

⇒ Romanian: păzi

desc

Bulgarian: па́зя (pázja, “to safeguard”)

Macedonian: пази (pazi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: па̏зити

Latin script: pȁziti

Slovene: páziti

From *(s)poǵ-eye-ti, a glottalic variant of Proto-Indo-European *speḱ- (“to spectate”). Akin to Icelandic spekja (“to calm”), Old Norse spakr (“wise, visionary”).


močiti

močìti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
močenьje (noun-from-verb)
močiti (infinitive)
močitъ (supine)
močilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
močenъ (participle passive past)
močimъ (participle passive present)
močь (active participle past)
močę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
močixъ (aorist first-person singular)
moči (aorist second-person singular)
moči (aorist singular third-person)
močǫ (first-person present singular)
močiši (present second-person singular)
močitь (present singular third-person)
močixově (aorist dual first-person)
močista (aorist dual second-person)
močiste (aorist dual third-person)
močivě (dual first-person present)
močita (dual present second-person)
močite (dual present third-person)
močixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
močiste (aorist plural second-person)
močišę (aorist plural third-person)
močimъ (first-person plural present)
močite (plural present second-person)
močętь (plural present third-person)
močaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
močaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
močaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
moči (imperative second-person singular)
moči (imperative singular third-person)
močaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
močaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
močaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
močivě (dual first-person imperative)
močita (dual imperative second-person)
močaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
močaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
močaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
močimъ (first-person imperative plural)
močite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мочити (močiti)

Belarusian: мачы́ць (mačýcʹ)

Russian: мочи́ть (močítʹ)

Ukrainian: мочи́ти (močýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мочити (močiti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: мо́ча (móča) (dialectal)

Macedonian: моча (moča)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мо̀чити

Latin script: mòčiti

Slovene: močīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: močiti

Czech: močit

Polabian: mücĕ (3sg.)

Old Polish: moczyć

Polish: moczyć

Slovak: močiť

Slovincian: môczic

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: močić

Lower Sorbian: mócyś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *mak-. Baltic cognates include Lithuanian makõnė (“mud”), dialectal Lithuanian mokė (“big quagmire”), mokas (“thick mud”). Outside of Balto-Slavic, perhaps cognate with Old Armenian մօր (mōr, “mud, marsh”), as well as Persian مزه (maze, “taste; snack”). Vasmer suggests a further cognate with Old Irish móin (“swamp, marsh”) and Trubachev additionally gives Albanian makë (“glue, liquid film”).


kotiti

kotìti (canonical imperfective)
kaťati (perfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
koťenьje (noun-from-verb)
kotiti (infinitive)
kotitъ (supine)
kotilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
koťenъ (participle passive past)
kotimъ (participle passive present)
koťь (active participle past)
kotę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
kotixъ (aorist first-person singular)
koti (aorist second-person singular)
koti (aorist singular third-person)
koťǫ (first-person present singular)
kotiši (present second-person singular)
kotitь (present singular third-person)
kotixově (aorist dual first-person)
kotista (aorist dual second-person)
kotiste (aorist dual third-person)
kotivě (dual first-person present)
kotita (dual present second-person)
kotite (dual present third-person)
kotixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kotiste (aorist plural second-person)
kotišę (aorist plural third-person)
kotimъ (first-person plural present)
kotite (plural present second-person)
kotętь (plural present third-person)
koťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
koťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
koťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
koti (imperative second-person singular)
koti (imperative singular third-person)
koťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
koťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
koťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kotivě (dual first-person imperative)
kotita (dual imperative second-person)
koťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
koťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
koťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kotimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kotite (imperative plural second-person)

Brill Publishers
Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben
Marko Snoj

East Slavic:

Belarusian: каціць (kacicʹ)

Russian: катить (katitʹ)

Ukrainian: коти́ти (kotýty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: кътая (kǎtaja) (dialectal)

⇒ Bulgarian: кате́ря (katérja)

Slovene: kotīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: kotit se

Polish: kocić

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kócić

Of unknown origin. Similar in meaning to Lithuanian skàsti (“to jump, to move around”), Latvian skatīt (“to check, to look at”), and Latin scateō (“to gush, to spring”) which suggests an origin from a possible Proto-Indo-European *(s)ket- (“to spring, to leap”) (traditionally reconstructed as *skeHt-). Matasović relates it with Irish caith (“to throw”), Old Irish caithid (“to consume”) derived from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂t-.


kotiti

kotìti (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
koťenьje (noun-from-verb)
kotiti (infinitive)
kotitъ (supine)
kotilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
koťenъ (participle passive past)
kotimъ (participle passive present)
koťь (active participle past)
kotę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
kotixъ (aorist first-person singular)
koti (aorist second-person singular)
koti (aorist singular third-person)
koťǫ (first-person present singular)
kotiši (present second-person singular)
kotitь (present singular third-person)
kotixově (aorist dual first-person)
kotista (aorist dual second-person)
kotiste (aorist dual third-person)
kotivě (dual first-person present)
kotita (dual present second-person)
kotite (dual present third-person)
kotixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kotiste (aorist plural second-person)
kotišę (aorist plural third-person)
kotimъ (first-person plural present)
kotite (plural present second-person)
kotętь (plural present third-person)
koťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
koťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
koťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
koti (imperative second-person singular)
koti (imperative singular third-person)
koťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
koťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
koťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kotivě (dual first-person imperative)
kotita (dual imperative second-person)
koťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
koťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
koťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kotimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kotite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: коти́ться (kotítʹsja)

Ukrainian: коти́тися (kotýtysja)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ко́тя (kótja)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ко̀тити

Latin script: kòtiti

Slovene: kotīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: kotiti

Polish: kocić

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kócić

* Folk etymology (acknowledged by Derksen) relates it to *kotъ (“cat”) + *-iti (a wanderwort of non-native origin), formed in the same way as Proto-Slavic *teliti (“to beget a calf”) < Proto-Slavic *telę (“calf”). However, no particular relationship to begetting of kittens is attested in all languages;
* Vasmer, Trubačev presume generic sense of begetting and consider etymological kinship with Latin catulus (“puppy”). Possibly related to Etymology 1, originally implying “to toss, to throw” → “to spawn”.

noncog

(reflexive) to have young, to bear an offspring (for animals)


-ga

-ga (nominative singular)
-dzě (dual nominative)
-gy (nominative plural)
-gy (genitive singular)
-gu (dual genitive)
-gъ (genitive plural)
-dzě (dative singular)
-gama (dative dual)
-gamъ (dative plural)
-gǫ (accusative singular)
-dzě (accusative dual)
-gy (accusative plural)
-gojǫ (instrumental singular)
-gǫ (instrumental singular)
-gama (dual instrumental)
-gami (instrumental plural)
-dzě (locative singular)
-gu (dual locative)
-gasъ (locative plural)
-gaxъ (locative plural)
-go (singular vocative)
-dzě (dual vocative)
-gy (plural vocative)

The suffix is one of several similar suffixes, namely *-ba, *-da, which formed derivative nouns from verbal or nominal roots. When attached to nouns or adjectives, it got compounded to the primal suffix of the stem, extending it into *-ьdza for i-stem roots or -oga for o-stem roots.
Ultimately, the suffix descends from Proto-Indo-European *-gʰo-, *-gʰeh₂. Encountered in Lithuanian stógas (“build”) = Lithuanian stóti (“to stand”) + -gas and analogous with Proto-Germanic *-gô (e.g. *frauþaz (“jumper”) → *fruþgô (“frog”)).

strujiti (“to stream”) → *struga (“wave font”)

sluti (“to be called, to utter”) → *sluga (“servant”)

derti (“to tear”) → *dorga (“road”)

gobь (“share, wealth”) → *gobьdzъ (“fortune”), *gobьdza (“abundance”)


-ga

-gъ (canonical)
-gъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
-ga (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
-go (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
-ga (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
-gy (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
-ga (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
-gu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
-dzě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
-gu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
-gъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
-gǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
-go (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
-gomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
-gojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
-gomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
-dzě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
-dzě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
-dzě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
-že (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
-go (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
-go (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
-ga (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
-dzě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
-dzě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
-gu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
-gu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
-gu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
-goma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
-gama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
-goma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
-ga (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
-dzě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
-dzě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
-goma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
-gama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
-goma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
-gu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
-gu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
-gu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
-ga (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
-dzě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
-dzě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
-dzi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
-gy (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
-ga (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
-gъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
-gъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
-gъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
-gomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
-gamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
-gomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
-gy (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
-gy (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
-ga (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
-gy (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
-gami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
-gy (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
-dzěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
-gaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
-dzěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
-dzi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
-gy (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
-ga (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
-gъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
-gaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
-goje (definite neuter nominative singular)
-gajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
-gyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
-gajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
-gujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
-dzěji (dative definite feminine singular)
-gujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
-gъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
-gǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
-goje (accusative definite neuter singular)
-gyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
-gǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
-gyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
-dzějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
-dzěji (definite feminine locative singular)
-dzějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
-gъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
-gaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
-goje (definite neuter singular vocative)
-gaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
-dzěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
-dzěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
-guju (definite dual genitive masculine)
-guju (definite dual feminine genitive)
-guju (definite dual genitive neuter)
-gyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
-gyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
-gyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
-gaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
-dzěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
-dzěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
-gyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
-gyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
-gyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
-guju (definite dual locative masculine)
-guju (definite dual feminine locative)
-guju (definite dual locative neuter)
-gaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
-dzěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
-dzěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
-dziji (definite masculine nominative plural)
-gyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
-gaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
-gъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
-gъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
-gъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
-gyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
-gyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
-gyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
-gyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
-gyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
-gaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
-gyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
-gyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
-gyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
-gyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
-gyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
-gyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
-dziji (definite masculine plural vocative)
-gyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
-gaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *-ga (hard)

Definite declension of *-ga (hard)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: -га (-ga)

Belarusian: -га (-ha)

Russian: -га (-ga)

Ukrainian: -га (-ha)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: -га (-ga)

Glagolitic script: -ⰳⰰ (-ga)

Bulgarian: -га (-ga)

Macedonian: -га (-ga)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -га

Latin script: -ga

Slovene: -ga

West Slavic:

Czech: -ha

Polish: -ga

Slovak: -ha

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: -ha

Lower Sorbian: -ha

dьliti (“to prolong”) → *dьlgъ (“long”)

duti (“to blow, to swell”) → *dužь (“strong”) (with yo-declension)

dorti (“to peel, to pluck”) → *dorgъ (“dear”)

From basic root stems, forming attributional adjectives


šibati

šibanьje (noun-from-verb)
šibati (infinitive)
šibatъ (supine)
šibalъ (l-participle)
šibanъ (participle passive past)
šibajemъ (participle passive present)
šibavъ (active participle past)
šibaję (active participle present)
šibaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
šiba (aorist second-person singular)
šiba (aorist singular third-person)
šibajǫ (first-person present singular)
šibaješi (present second-person singular)
šibajetь (present singular third-person)
šibaxově (aorist dual first-person)
šibasta (aorist dual second-person)
šibaste (aorist dual third-person)
šibajevě (dual first-person present)
šibajeta (dual present second-person)
šibajete (dual present third-person)
šibaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
šibaste (aorist plural second-person)
šibašę (aorist plural third-person)
šibajemъ (first-person plural present)
šibajete (plural present second-person)
šibajǫtь (plural present third-person)
šibaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
šibaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
šibaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
šibaji (imperative second-person singular)
šibaji (imperative singular third-person)
šibaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
šibaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
šibaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
šibajivě (dual first-person imperative)
šibajita (dual imperative second-person)
šibaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
šibaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
šibaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
šibajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
šibajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: шибати (šibati, “to beat, to hit”)

Belarusian: шыба́ць (šybácʹ)

Russian: шиба́ть (šibátʹ, “to throw, to hit”), 1sg. шиба́ю (šibáju); -шиби́ть (-šibítʹ, “to hit, to hurt”)

Ukrainian: шиба́ти (šybáty, “to throw”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: 3pl. impf. шибаахѫ (šibaaxǫ, “whipped”)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: ши́бам (šíbam, “to whip, to flog”)

Macedonian: шиба (šiba, “to whip, to flog”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ши̏бати (“to whip, to flog”), 1sg. ши̏ба̄м

Latin: šȉbati (“to whip, to flog”), 1sg. šȉbām

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: šíbati (“to whip, to flog”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. šȋbam (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: šibat

Polish: szybać

Slovak: šibať (“to beat”)

Sorbian:

desc

⇒ Upper Sorbian: šibały (“playful, roguish”)

Lower Sorbian: šyba (“broom, whipping cane”)

Per Derksen, from Proto-Indo-European *ksweybʰ-. Cognate with Sanskrit क्षिपति (kṣipáti, “to swing, to throw”), Avestan 𐬑𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬌𐬡𐬭𐬀 (xšuuiβra), 𐬑𐬱𐬋𐬌𐬡𐬭𐬀 (xšōiβra, “fast, quick”), Old Norse sveipa (“to sweep, to swing”), Old English swāpan (“to sweep, to swing”), English sweep, swoop, Old High German sweifan (“to wind”).


motati

motàti (canonical imperfective)
motanьje (noun-from-verb)
motati (infinitive)
motatъ (supine)
motalъ (l-participle)
motanъ (participle passive past)
motajemъ (participle passive present)
motavъ (active participle past)
motaję (active participle present)
motaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
mota (aorist second-person singular)
mota (aorist singular third-person)
motajǫ (first-person present singular)
motaješi (present second-person singular)
motajetь (present singular third-person)
motaxově (aorist dual first-person)
motasta (aorist dual second-person)
motaste (aorist dual third-person)
motajevě (dual first-person present)
motajeta (dual present second-person)
motajete (dual present third-person)
motaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
motaste (aorist plural second-person)
motašę (aorist plural third-person)
motajemъ (first-person plural present)
motajete (plural present second-person)
motajǫtь (plural present third-person)
motaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
motaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
motaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
motaji (imperative second-person singular)
motaji (imperative singular third-person)
motaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
motaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
motaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
motajivě (dual first-person imperative)
motajita (dual imperative second-person)
motaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
motaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
motaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
motajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
motajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мотати (motati) (17th-18th centuries)

Belarusian: мата́ць (matácʹ)

Russian: мота́ть (motátʹ)

Ukrainian: мота́ти (motáty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: мота́я (motája)

Macedonian: мота (mota)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мо̀тати

Latin script: mòtati

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: mọ̄tati, motáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: motati

Czech: motat

Polabian: mötojě (3rd singular)

Old Polish: motać

Polish: motać

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: mòtac

Old Slovak:

Pannonian Rusyn: мотац (motac)

Slovak: motať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: motać

Lower Sorbian: motaś

See *mestì (“to throw, to sweep”) for etymology.


vědro

vědrò (canonical neuter)
b (accent-paradigm)
vě̄drò (nominative singular)
vě̃drě (dual nominative)
vě̄drà (nominative plural)
vě̄drà (genitive singular)
vě̄drù (dual genitive)
vě̃drъ (genitive plural)
vě̄drù (dative singular)
vě̄dròma (dative dual)
vě̄dròmъ (dative plural)
vě̄drò (accusative singular)
vě̃drě (accusative dual)
vě̄drà (accusative plural)
vě̄drъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
vě̄dròmь (instrumental singular)
vě̄dròma (dual instrumental)
vě̃dry (instrumental plural)
vě̄drě̀ (locative singular)
vě̄drù (dual locative)
vě̃drěxъ (locative plural)
vě̄drò (singular vocative)
vě̃drě (dual vocative)
vě̄drà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вѣдро́ (vědró)

desc

Old Ruthenian: вѣдро́ (vědró), видро́ (vidró)

Belarusian: вядро́ (vjadró)

Carpathian Rusyn: вїдрó (vjidró)

Ukrainian: відро́ (vidró)

Russian: ведро́ (vedró)

⇒ Russian: ведёрко (vedjórko)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: вѣдро (vědro)

→ Albanian: vedër

→ Hungarian: veder

→ Greek: βέδρον (védron) (dialectal)

Bulgarian: ведро́ (vedró)

Macedonian: ведро (vedro)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ве̏дро, вје̏дро

Latin: vȅdro, vjȅdro

Slovene: védro (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vědro

Czech: vědro

Moravian (Mistřice): vjedrp

Old Polish: wiedro

Polish: wiadro

Slovak: vedro

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: vadră, veardă

* Meillet, Vasmer, Georgiev, Snoj: From Proto-Indo-European *wēdróm. Parallel to Ancient Greek ὑδρία (hudría, “water vessel”) (0-grade) and akin to Latin unda, Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr), Proto-Germanic *watōr, Sanskrit उदन् (udan), Hittite 𒉿𒀀𒋻 (wa-a-tar).
* Derksen: From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wēˀdera (“belly, stomach”), from Proto-Indo-European *úderos (“abdomen, stomach”), from *úd (“out, outward”) + *-eros (contrastive suffix). Baltic cognates include Latvian vȩ̂dȩrs, vȩ̂dars, Lithuanian vė́deras and Old Prussian weders. Indo-European cognates include Latin uterus, Ancient Greek ὕδερος (húderos) and Sanskrit उदर (udara).

af

Marko Snoj
Rick Derksen
uk:Гринчишин Дмитро Григорович


kadidlo

kadìdlo (canonical neuter)
a (accent-paradigm)
kadìdlo (nominative singular)
kadìdlě (dual nominative)
kadìdla (nominative plural)
kadìdla (genitive singular)
kadìdlu (dual genitive)
kadìdlъ (genitive plural)
kadìdlu (dative singular)
kadìdloma (dative dual)
kadìdlomъ (dative plural)
kadìdlo (accusative singular)
kadìdlě (accusative dual)
kadìdla (accusative plural)
kadìdlъmь (instrumental singular)
kadìdlomь (instrumental singular)
kadìdloma (dual instrumental)
kadìdlȳ (instrumental plural)
kadìdlě (locative singular)
kadìdlu (dual locative)
kadìdlě̄xъ (locative plural)
kadìdlo (singular vocative)
kadìdlě (dual vocative)
kadìdla (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кадило (kadilo)

Old Belarusian: кадило (kadilo)

Russian: кади́ло (kadílo, “censer”)

→ Finnish: kadilo (“church censer”)

Ukrainian: кади́ло (kadýlo, “censer”)

Old Novgorodian: кадигло (kadiglo)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: кадило (kadilo)

Glagolitic script: ⰽⰰⰴⰹⰾⱁ (kadilo)

Bulgarian: кади́ло (kadílo, “censer”)

Macedonian: ка́дило (kádilo, “censer”)

Serbo-Croatian:

desc

Cyrillic script: ка̀дило (“incense, censer”)

Latin script: kàdilo (“incense, censer”)

Slovene: kadílo (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kadidlo

Czech: kadidlo (“frankincense”)

Kashubian: kadzëdło

Polish: kadzidło (“incense, (archaic) smoke from a sacrifice”), (dialectal) kaʒ̆́idu̯o (“church censer”)

Slovak: kadidlo (“frankincense, censer”)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: kaźidło

Upper Sorbian: kadźidło


nuta

nùta (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
nùta (nominative singular)
nùtě (dual nominative)
nùty (nominative plural)
nùty (genitive singular)
nùtu (dual genitive)
nùtъ (genitive plural)
nùtě (dative singular)
nùtama (dative dual)
nùtamъ (dative plural)
nùtǫ (accusative singular)
nùtě (accusative dual)
nùty (accusative plural)
nùtojǫ (instrumental singular)
nùtǭ (instrumental singular)
nùtama (dual instrumental)
nùtamī (instrumental plural)
nùtě (locative singular)
nùtu (dual locative)
nùtasъ (locative plural)
nùtaxъ (locative plural)
nùto (singular vocative)
nùtě (dual vocative)
nùty (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: нꙋта (nuta, “cattle”)

Russian: ну́та (núta, “livestock”) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ноута (nuta, “cow, ox”)

Slovene: núta (“herd”)

West Slavic:

Polabian: nǫtǫ (sg. acc.)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: nuta (“herd of cattle”) (archaic)

Considered a borrowing from Proto-West Germanic *naut (“cattle”), likely fossilized as a collective of an earlier *nuto n + *-a. Probably cognate with Latvian nauda (“money”), Lithuanian naudà (“use, benefit”), whence dialectal Belarusian но́ўда (nóŭda), навда́ (navdá, “use, benefit”), Polish nawda (“advantage”).


troska

troska (nominative singular)
troscě (dual nominative)
trosky (nominative plural)
trosky (genitive singular)
trosku (dual genitive)
troskъ (genitive plural)
troscě (dative singular)
troskama (dative dual)
troskamъ (dative plural)
troskǫ (accusative singular)
troscě (accusative dual)
trosky (accusative plural)
troskojǫ (instrumental singular)
troskǫ (instrumental singular)
troskama (dual instrumental)
troskami (instrumental plural)
troscě (locative singular)
trosku (dual locative)
troskasъ (locative plural)
troskaxъ (locative plural)
trosko (singular vocative)
troscě (dual vocative)
trosky (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: троска (troska)

West Slavic:

Czech: troska

Polish: troska

Slovak: troska


negodovati

negodovanьje (noun-from-verb)
negodovati (infinitive)
negodovatъ (supine)
negodovalъ (l-participle)
negodovanъ (participle passive past)
negodujemъ (participle passive present)
negodovavъ (active participle past)
negoduję (active participle present)
negodovaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
negodova (aorist second-person singular)
negodova (aorist singular third-person)
negodujǫ (first-person present singular)
negoduješi (present second-person singular)
negodujetь (present singular third-person)
negodovaxově (aorist dual first-person)
negodovasta (aorist dual second-person)
negodovaste (aorist dual third-person)
negodujevě (dual first-person present)
negodujeta (dual present second-person)
negodujete (dual present third-person)
negodovaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
negodovaste (aorist plural second-person)
negodovašę (aorist plural third-person)
negodujemъ (first-person plural present)
negodujete (plural present second-person)
negodujǫtь (plural present third-person)
negodovaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
negodovaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
negodovaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
negoduji (imperative second-person singular)
negoduji (imperative singular third-person)
negodovaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
negodovaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
negodovaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
negodujivě (dual first-person imperative)
negodujita (dual imperative second-person)
negodovaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
negodovaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
negodovaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
negodujimъ (first-person imperative plural)
negodujite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: негодовати (negodovati)

Russian: негодова́ть (negodovátʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: негодовати (negodovati)

Bulgarian: негоду̀вам (negodùvam)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: нѐгодовати

Latin script: nègodovati

Slovene: negodováti (tonal orthography)


nizati

nizanьje (noun-from-verb)
nizati (infinitive)
nizatъ (supine)
nizalъ (l-participle)
nizanъ (participle passive past)
nižemъ (participle passive present)
nizavъ (active participle past)
nižę (active participle present)
nizaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
niza (aorist second-person singular)
niza (aorist singular third-person)
nižǫ (first-person present singular)
nižeši (present second-person singular)
nižetь (present singular third-person)
nizaxově (aorist dual first-person)
nizasta (aorist dual second-person)
nizaste (aorist dual third-person)
niževě (dual first-person present)
nižeta (dual present second-person)
nižete (dual present third-person)
nizaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
nizaste (aorist plural second-person)
nizašę (aorist plural third-person)
nižemъ (first-person plural present)
nižete (plural present second-person)
nižǫtь (plural present third-person)
nizaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
nizaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
nizaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
niži (imperative second-person singular)
niži (imperative singular third-person)
nizaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
nizaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
nizaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
niživě (dual first-person imperative)
nižita (dual imperative second-person)
nizaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
nizaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
nizaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
nižimъ (first-person imperative plural)
nižite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

Belarusian: ніза́ць (nizácʹ)

Russian: низа́ть (nizátʹ)

Ukrainian: низа́ти (nyzáty)

South Slavic

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: низати (nizati)

Bulgarian: ни́жа (níža)

Macedonian: ниже (niže)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ни́зати

Latin script: nizati

Slovene: nízati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic

Polish: nizać

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: nizaś

Iterative of *nьzti + *-ati, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁neǵʰ- (“to pierce”).

der

(transitive) to string (to put (items) on a string)


žaliti

žalovati (perfective)
žaľenьje (noun-from-verb)
žaliti (infinitive)
žalitъ (supine)
žalilъ (l-participle)
žaľenъ (participle passive past)
žalimъ (participle passive present)
žaľь (active participle past)
žalę (active participle present)
žalixъ (aorist first-person singular)
žali (aorist second-person singular)
žali (aorist singular third-person)
žaľǫ (first-person present singular)
žališi (present second-person singular)
žalitь (present singular third-person)
žalixově (aorist dual first-person)
žalista (aorist dual second-person)
žaliste (aorist dual third-person)
žalivě (dual first-person present)
žalita (dual present second-person)
žalite (dual present third-person)
žalixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
žaliste (aorist plural second-person)
žališę (aorist plural third-person)
žalimъ (first-person plural present)
žalite (plural present second-person)
žalętь (plural present third-person)
žaľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
žaľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
žaľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
žali (imperative second-person singular)
žali (imperative singular third-person)
žaľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
žaľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
žaľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
žalivě (dual first-person imperative)
žalita (dual imperative second-person)
žaľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
žaľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
žaľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
žalimъ (first-person imperative plural)
žalite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: жалити (žaliti)

Bulgarian: жаля (žalja)

Macedonian: жали (žali)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жа̏лити

Latin script: žȁliti

Slovene: žalīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Polish: żalić

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: jeli

From an earlier žěliti, an intensive variant of Proto-Slavic *želěti. Formed as *žalь (“grief, sorrow”) + *-iti, continuing pre-Slavic *gʷēlH- + *-yéti.

peržaliti

to get over (s.t.), to recover (from loss)


gruda

grùda (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
grùda (nominative singular)
grùdě (dual nominative)
grùdy (nominative plural)
grùdy (genitive singular)
grùdu (dual genitive)
grùdъ (genitive plural)
grùdě (dative singular)
grùdama (dative dual)
grùdamъ (dative plural)
grùdǫ (accusative singular)
grùdě (accusative dual)
grùdy (accusative plural)
grùdojǫ (instrumental singular)
grùdǭ (instrumental singular)
grùdama (dual instrumental)
grùdamī (instrumental plural)
grùdě (locative singular)
grùdu (dual locative)
grùdasъ (locative plural)
grùdaxъ (locative plural)
grùdo (singular vocative)
grùdě (dual vocative)
grùdy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: гру́да (hrúda)

Russian: гру́да (grúda)

desc

Ukrainian: гру́да (hrúda), груда́ (hrudá)

South Slavic:

⇒ Bulgarian: грудка (grudka)

⇒ Macedonian: грутка (grutka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гру̏да

Latin script: grȕda

Slovene: grúda (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hrúda

Czech: hrouda

Bohemian (Chod dialect): rouda

Moravian (Mistřice): hruda

Kashubian: grëda

Old Polish: grąd

Polish: gruda

Slovak: hruda

Likely a collective form of Proto-Indo-European *gʰréwdos (“crude, great”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to grind, to rub”). Cognates include Latvian graûds (“grain”), Lithuanian grūdai (“grain”), Proto-Germanic *grautaz (“big, great”).


milovati

milovanьje (noun-from-verb)
milovati (infinitive)
milovatъ (supine)
milovalъ (l-participle)
milovanъ (participle passive past)
milujemъ (participle passive present)
milovavъ (active participle past)
miluję (active participle present)
milovaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
milova (aorist second-person singular)
milova (aorist singular third-person)
milujǫ (first-person present singular)
miluješi (present second-person singular)
milujetь (present singular third-person)
milovaxově (aorist dual first-person)
milovasta (aorist dual second-person)
milovaste (aorist dual third-person)
milujevě (dual first-person present)
milujeta (dual present second-person)
milujete (dual present third-person)
milovaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
milovaste (aorist plural second-person)
milovašę (aorist plural third-person)
milujemъ (first-person plural present)
milujete (plural present second-person)
milujǫtь (plural present third-person)
milovaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
milovaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
milovaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
miluji (imperative second-person singular)
miluji (imperative singular third-person)
milovaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
milovaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
milovaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
milujivě (dual first-person imperative)
milujita (dual imperative second-person)
milovaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
milovaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
milovaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
milujimъ (first-person imperative plural)
milujite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: миловати (milovati)

Old Ruthenian: миловати (milovati)

Belarusian: мі́лаваць (mílavacʹ)

Ukrainian: милува́ти (myluváty)

desc

Russian: ми́ловать (mílovatʹ), милова́ть (milovátʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: миловати (milovati)

Glagolitic script: ⰿⰻⰾⱁⰲⰰⱅⰻ (milovati)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ми̏ловати

Latin script: mȉlovati

Slovene: milováti

West Slavic:

Old Czech: milovati

Czech: milovat

Kashubian: miłowac

Old Polish: miłować

Polish: miłować

Silesian: miyłować

Slovak: milovať


gaditi

gàditi (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
gaďenьje (noun-from-verb)
gaditi (infinitive)
gaditъ (supine)
gadilъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
gaďenъ (participle passive past)
gadimъ (participle passive present)
gaďь (active participle past)
gadę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
gadixъ (aorist first-person singular)
gadi (aorist second-person singular)
gadi (aorist singular third-person)
gaďǫ (first-person present singular)
gadiši (present second-person singular)
gaditь (present singular third-person)
gadixově (aorist dual first-person)
gadista (aorist dual second-person)
gadiste (aorist dual third-person)
gadivě (dual first-person present)
gadita (dual present second-person)
gadite (dual present third-person)
gadixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gadiste (aorist plural second-person)
gadišę (aorist plural third-person)
gadimъ (first-person plural present)
gadite (plural present second-person)
gadętь (plural present third-person)
gaďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gaďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gaďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gadi (imperative second-person singular)
gadi (imperative singular third-person)
gaďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gaďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gaďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gadivě (dual first-person imperative)
gadita (dual imperative second-person)
gaďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gaďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gaďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gadimъ (first-person imperative plural)
gadite (imperative plural second-person)

Church Slavonic: гадити (gaditi)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гадити (gaditi) (12th century)

Belarusian: га́дзіць (hádzicʹ)

Russian: га́дить (gáditʹ)

Ukrainian: га́дити (hádyty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: га́дя (gádja)

Macedonian: гади (gadi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: га̏дити

Latin script: gȁditi

Slovene: gáditi (tonal orthography) (obsolete)

West Slavic:

Czech: hadit

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: gaźiś (archaic)

From *gadъ, *gadь + *-iti, likely from *gʷeh₁dʰ- (“to defile”).


diviti

divìti (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
divľenьje (noun-from-verb)
diviti (infinitive)
divitъ (supine)
divilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
divľenъ (participle passive past)
divimъ (participle passive present)
divľь (active participle past)
divę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
divixъ (aorist first-person singular)
divi (aorist second-person singular)
divi (aorist singular third-person)
divľǫ (first-person present singular)
diviši (present second-person singular)
divitь (present singular third-person)
divixově (aorist dual first-person)
divista (aorist dual second-person)
diviste (aorist dual third-person)
divivě (dual first-person present)
divita (dual present second-person)
divite (dual present third-person)
divixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
diviste (aorist plural second-person)
divišę (aorist plural third-person)
divimъ (first-person plural present)
divite (plural present second-person)
divętь (plural present third-person)
divľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
divľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
divľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
divi (imperative second-person singular)
divi (imperative singular third-person)
divľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
divľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
divľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
divivě (dual first-person imperative)
divita (dual imperative second-person)
divľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
divľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
divľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
divimъ (first-person imperative plural)
divite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: диви́ться (divítʹsja)

Ukrainian: диви́тися (dyvýtysja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: дивити (diviti)

Glagolitic script: ⰴⰻⰲⰻⱅⰻ (diviti)

Bulgarian: дивя́ се (divjá se)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дѝвити

Latin script: díviti

West Slavic:

Czech: divit

Polish: dziwić

Slovak: diviť sa

Derived from Proto-Indo-European *dyew- (“to be bright”). Cognates include Sanskrit दीव्यति (dīvyati). For meaning shift cf. *ględati (“to watch”) from Proto-Indo-European *gʰlend- (“to shine”).


svorka

svòrka (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
svòrka (nominative singular)
svòrcě (dual nominative)
svòrky (nominative plural)
svòrky (genitive singular)
svòrku (dual genitive)
svòrkъ (genitive plural)
svòrcě (dative singular)
svòrkama (dative dual)
svòrkamъ (dative plural)
svòrkǫ (accusative singular)
svòrcě (accusative dual)
svòrky (accusative plural)
svòrkojǫ (instrumental singular)
svòrkǭ (instrumental singular)
svòrkama (dual instrumental)
svòrkamī (instrumental plural)
svòrcě (locative singular)
svòrku (dual locative)
svòrkasъ (locative plural)
svòrkaxъ (locative plural)
svòrko (singular vocative)
svòrcě (dual vocative)
svòrky (plural vocative)


sušiti

sušìti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
sušenьje (noun-from-verb)
sušiti (infinitive)
sušitъ (supine)
sušilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
sušenъ (participle passive past)
sušimъ (participle passive present)
sušь (active participle past)
sušę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
sušixъ (aorist first-person singular)
suši (aorist second-person singular)
suši (aorist singular third-person)
sušǫ (first-person present singular)
sušiši (present second-person singular)
sušitь (present singular third-person)
sušixově (aorist dual first-person)
sušista (aorist dual second-person)
sušiste (aorist dual third-person)
sušivě (dual first-person present)
sušita (dual present second-person)
sušite (dual present third-person)
sušixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sušiste (aorist plural second-person)
sušišę (aorist plural third-person)
sušimъ (first-person plural present)
sušite (plural present second-person)
sušętь (plural present third-person)
sušaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sušaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sušaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
suši (imperative second-person singular)
suši (imperative singular third-person)
sušaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sušaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sušaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sušivě (dual first-person imperative)
sušita (dual imperative second-person)
sušaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sušaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sušaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sušimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sušite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сꙋшити (sušiti)

Belarusian: сушы́ць (sušýcʹ)

Russian: суши́ть (sušítʹ, “to dry”), 1sg. сушу́ (sušú), 3sg. су́шит (súšit)

Ukrainian: суши́ти (sušýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: соушити (sušiti)

Glagolitic: ⱄⱆⱎⰻⱅⰻ (sušiti)

Bulgarian: суша́ (sušá)

Macedonian: суши (suši)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: су́шити

Latin script: súšiti

Slovene: sušíti (tonal orthography), 1sg. suším (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: sëszëc

Old Czech: sušiti

Czech: sušit

Old Polish: suszyć

Polish: suszyć

Silesian: suszyć

Slovak: sušiť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: sušić

Lower Sorbian: sušyś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *saušīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂sows-éye-ti, a causative/iterative formation built on Proto-Indo-European *h₂sews- (“to be dry”) (also reconstructed as *sh₂ews-).
Equivalent to *suxъ (“dry”) + *-iti.
Cognate with Lithuanian saũsinti (“to dry (transitive)”), saũsti (“to wither”), sùsti (“to scab over”) (1sg. susù), saũsas (“dry”), Latvian sust (“to dry (intransitive)”) (1sg. susu), susêt (“to wither”) (1sg. susu, susẽju), sàuss (“dry”), Old Prussian sausā (“dry”, fem. acc. sg.), Sanskrit शोषयति (śoṣáyati, “to let dry”), शुष्क (śúṣka, “dry, barren”), Avestan 𐬵𐬎𐬱𐬐𐬀 (huška, “dry”), Homeric Ancient Greek αὖος (aûos, “dry”), Old English sēar (“dry”), English sere, sear.


soldъkъ

sòldъkъ (canonical)
solďьjь (comparative)
soldъkъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
soldъka (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
soldъko (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
soldъka (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
soldъky (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
soldъka (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
soldъku (dative indefinite masculine singular)
soldъcě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
soldъku (dative indefinite neuter singular)
soldъkъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
soldъkǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
soldъko (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
soldъkomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
soldъkojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
soldъkomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
soldъcě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
soldъcě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
soldъcě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
soldъče (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
soldъko (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
soldъko (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
soldъka (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
soldъcě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
soldъcě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
soldъku (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
soldъku (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
soldъku (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
soldъkoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
soldъkama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
soldъkoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
soldъka (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
soldъcě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
soldъcě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
soldъkoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
soldъkama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
soldъkoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
soldъku (dual indefinite locative masculine)
soldъku (dual feminine indefinite locative)
soldъku (dual indefinite locative neuter)
soldъka (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
soldъcě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
soldъcě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
soldъci (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
soldъky (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
soldъka (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
soldъkъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
soldъkъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
soldъkъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
soldъkomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
soldъkamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
soldъkomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
soldъky (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
soldъky (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
soldъka (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
soldъky (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
soldъkami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
soldъky (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
soldъcěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
soldъkaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
soldъcěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
soldъci (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
soldъky (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
soldъka (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
soldъkъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
soldъkaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
soldъkoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
soldъkajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
soldъkyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
soldъkajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
soldъkujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
soldъcěji (dative definite feminine singular)
soldъkujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
soldъkъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
soldъkǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
soldъkoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
soldъkyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
soldъkǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
soldъkyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
soldъcějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
soldъcěji (definite feminine locative singular)
soldъcějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
soldъkъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
soldъkaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
soldъkoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
soldъkaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
soldъcěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
soldъcěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
soldъkuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
soldъkuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
soldъkuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
soldъkyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
soldъkyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
soldъkyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
soldъkaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
soldъcěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
soldъcěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
soldъkyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
soldъkyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
soldъkyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
soldъkuju (definite dual locative masculine)
soldъkuju (definite dual feminine locative)
soldъkuju (definite dual locative neuter)
soldъkaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
soldъcěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
soldъcěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
soldъciji (definite masculine nominative plural)
soldъkyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
soldъkaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
soldъkъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
soldъkъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
soldъkъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
soldъkyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
soldъkyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
soldъkyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
soldъkyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
soldъkyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
soldъkaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
soldъkyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
soldъkyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
soldъkyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
soldъkyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
soldъkyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
soldъkyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
soldъciji (definite masculine plural vocative)
soldъkyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
soldъkaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *soldъkъ (hard)

Definite declension of *soldъkъ (hard)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: сало́дкі (salódki)

Russian: соло́дкий (solódkij) (dialectal)

Carpathian Rusyn: солодкый (solodkŷj)

Ukrainian: соло́дкий (solódkyj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сладъкъ (sladŭkŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⰾⰰⰴⱏⰽⱏ (sladŭkŭ)

Bulgarian: сла́дък (sládǎk)

Macedonian: сладок (sladok)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сла̏дак

Latin script: slȁdak

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: sládək, sladȃk (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sladký

Czech: sladký

Kashubian: słodczi

Polabian: slåtťĕ

Polish: słodki

Slovak: sladký

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: słodki

Upper Sorbian: słódki

From Pre-Slavic *salˀdukas, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *salˀdus, where *soldъ. Cognate with Lithuanian saldùs and Latvian salds.
It is in turn derived from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂el-d-u-s, extended form of *sh₂el-, *séh₂ls (“salt”) (whence also *solь (“salt”)). The original meaning of the Balto-Slavic word was thus "salty; tasty, delicious; spicy".


jěbati

jěbàti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
jěbanьje (noun-from-verb)
jěbati (infinitive)
jěbatъ (supine)
jěbalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
jěbanъ (participle passive past)
jěbomъ (participle passive present)
jěbavъ (active participle past)
jěby (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
jěbaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
jěba (aorist second-person singular)
jěba (aorist singular third-person)
jěbǫ (first-person present singular)
jěbeši (present second-person singular)
jěbetь (present singular third-person)
jěbaxově (aorist dual first-person)
jěbasta (aorist dual second-person)
jěbaste (aorist dual third-person)
jěbevě (dual first-person present)
jěbeta (dual present second-person)
jěbete (dual present third-person)
jěbaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
jěbaste (aorist plural second-person)
jěbašę (aorist plural third-person)
jěbemъ (first-person plural present)
jěbete (plural present second-person)
jěbǫtь (plural present third-person)
jěbaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
jěbaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
jěbaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
jěbi (imperative second-person singular)
jěbi (imperative singular third-person)
jěbaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
jěbaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
jěbaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
jěběvě (dual first-person imperative)
jěběta (dual imperative second-person)
jěbaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
jěbaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
jěbaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
jěběmъ (first-person imperative plural)
jěběte (imperative plural second-person)

Alternative reconstruction of *jebàti (“to copulate; to fuck”)


raniti

raňenьje (noun-from-verb)
raniti (infinitive)
ranitъ (supine)
ranilъ (l-participle)
raňenъ (participle passive past)
ranimъ (participle passive present)
raňь (active participle past)
ranę (active participle present)
ranixъ (aorist first-person singular)
rani (aorist second-person singular)
rani (aorist singular third-person)
raňǫ (first-person present singular)
raniši (present second-person singular)
ranitь (present singular third-person)
ranixově (aorist dual first-person)
ranista (aorist dual second-person)
raniste (aorist dual third-person)
ranivě (dual first-person present)
ranita (dual present second-person)
ranite (dual present third-person)
ranixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
raniste (aorist plural second-person)
ranišę (aorist plural third-person)
ranimъ (first-person plural present)
ranite (plural present second-person)
ranętь (plural present third-person)
raňaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
raňaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
raňaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
rani (imperative second-person singular)
rani (imperative singular third-person)
raňaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
raňaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
raňaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
ranivě (dual first-person imperative)
ranita (dual imperative second-person)
raňaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
raňaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
raňaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
ranimъ (first-person imperative plural)
ranite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ранити (raniti)

Old Ruthenian: ра́нити (rániti)

Belarusian: ра́ніць (ránicʹ)

Ukrainian: ра́нити (rányty)

Russian: ра́нить (ránitʹ)

South Slavic

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: ранити (raniti)

Bulgarian: раня́ (ranjá)

Macedonian: рани (rani)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ра̏нити

Latin script: rȁniti

Slovene: raníti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic

Czech: ranit

Kashubian: renic

Old Polish: ranić

Polish: ranić

Slovak: raniť

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: răni


gvězda

gvě̄zdà (canonical feminine)
b (accent-paradigm)
gvě̄zdà (nominative singular)
gvě̃zdě (dual nominative)
gvě̄zdỳ (nominative plural)
gvě̄zdỳ (genitive singular)
gvě̄zdù (dual genitive)
gvě̃zdъ (genitive plural)
gvě̄zdě̀ (dative singular)
gvě̄zdàma (dative dual)
gvě̄zdàmъ (dative plural)
gvě̄zdǫ̀ (accusative singular)
gvě̃zdě (accusative dual)
gvě̄zdỳ (accusative plural)
gvě̄zdòjǫ (instrumental singular)
gvě̃zdǫ (instrumental singular)
gvě̄zdàma (dual instrumental)
gvě̄zdàmī (instrumental plural)
gvě̄zdě̀ (locative singular)
gvě̄zdù (dual locative)
gvě̄zdàsъ (locative plural)
gvě̄zdàxъ (locative plural)
gvězdo (singular vocative)
gvě̃zdě (dual vocative)
gvě̄zdỳ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: звѣзда (zvězda)

Old Ruthenian: звѣзда (zvězda)

Belarusian: звязда́ (zvjazdá) (archaic)

Carpathian Rusyn: звізда́ (zvizdá)

Ukrainian: звізда́ (zvizdá) (archaic)

Russian: звезда́ (zvezdá)

Old Novgorodian: *гвѣзда (*gvězda)

⇒ Old Novgorodian: гвѣздъка (gvězdŭka)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

desc

Old Cyrillic script: ѕвѣзда (dzvězda), звѣзда (zvězda)

Glagolitic script: ⰷⰲⱑⰸⰴⰰ (dzvězda), ⰸⰲⱑⰸⰴⰰ (zvězda)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: зве́зда, звије́зда, зви́зда

Latin script: zvézda, zvijézda, zvízda

Slovene: zvẹ́zda (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hvězda

Czech: hvězda

Bohemian: vězda

Old Polish:

Polish: gwiazda, gwiázda (dialectal, obsolete)

Silesian: gwiŏzda

desctree

Old Slovak: hviezda
Pannonian Rusyn: гвизда (hvizda)
Slovak: hviezda, (dialectal) hvizda

Polabian: gjozdă

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: gwiôzda

Slovincian: gwjozda

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: gwězda

Upper Sorbian: hwězda

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gwaizdāˀ / *źwaizdāˀ (*gwaiźdāˀ / *źwaiźdāˀ?), from Proto-Indo-European:
* Derksen: *ǵʰwoyǵʰ-dʰeh₁- / *ǵʰwoydʰ-dʰeh₁-.
* ЭССЯ: *ǵʰwoy-steh₂ (“standing luminary”), from *ǵʰwoy- (var. *gʷʰay-) + *steh₂- (“to stand”) (cf. *stē̆r-).
* Vasmer: probably last syllable contains *dʰē- (“to put, place”)
* Pokorny: *ǵʰwoygʷ-(e)s-d-eh₂ (-(e)s- stem, *-d(eh₂)), from *ǵʰwoygʷ- (“to shine; star”).
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian žvaigždė̃, Samogitian žvaiždie, Latvian zvàigzne, Old Prussian Asg. swāigstan.
Indo-European cognates include Ossetian ӕвзи́ст (ævzíst) / ӕвзестӕ (ævzestæ, “silver”) (< Old Ossetic *zvestæ).


tvojь

sla-decl-pron-table

Declension of <i class="Latn mention" lang="sla-pro">*tvojь</i> (soft pronominal)

tvojь (masculine nominative singular)
tvoja (feminine nominative singular)
tvoje (neuter nominative singular)
tvojь (accusative masculine singular)
tvojǫ (accusative feminine singular)
tvoje (accusative neuter singular)
tvojego (genitive masculine singular)
tvojeję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
tvojego (genitive neuter singular)
tvojemь (locative masculine singular)
tvojeji (feminine locative singular)
tvojemь (locative neuter singular)
tvojemu (dative masculine singular)
tvojeji (dative feminine singular)
tvojemu (dative neuter singular)
tvojimь (instrumental masculine singular)
tvojejǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
tvojimь (instrumental neuter singular)
tvoja (dual masculine nominative)
tvoji (dual feminine nominative)
tvoji (dual neuter nominative)
tvoja (accusative dual masculine)
tvoji (accusative dual feminine)
tvoji (accusative dual neuter)
tvojeju (dual genitive masculine)
tvojeju (dual feminine genitive)
tvojeju (dual genitive neuter)
tvojeju (dual locative masculine)
tvojeju (dual feminine locative)
tvojeju (dual locative neuter)
tvojima (dative dual masculine)
tvojima (dative dual feminine)
tvojima (dative dual neuter)
tvojima (dual instrumental masculine)
tvojima (dual feminine instrumental)
tvojima (dual instrumental neuter)
tvoji (masculine nominative plural)
tvoję̇ (feminine nominative plural)
tvoja (neuter nominative plural)
tvoję̇ (accusative masculine plural)
tvoję̇ (accusative feminine plural)
tvoja (accusative neuter plural)
tvojixъ (genitive masculine plural)
tvojixъ (feminine genitive plural)
tvojixъ (genitive neuter plural)
tvojixъ (locative masculine plural)
tvojixъ (feminine locative plural)
tvojixъ (locative neuter plural)
tvojimъ (dative masculine plural)
tvojimъ (dative feminine plural)
tvojimъ (dative neuter plural)
tvojimi (instrumental masculine plural)
tvojimi (feminine instrumental plural)
tvojimi (instrumental neuter plural)
jãzъ (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
ty̑ (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
mę̑ (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
tę̑ (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sę̑ (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mȅne (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
tȅbe (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
sȅbe (genitive personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mьně̀ (first-person locative personal pronoun singular)
tebě̀ (locative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sebě̀ (locative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mьně̀ (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
tebě̀ (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
ti (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sebě̀ (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
si (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mъnòjǫ (first-person instrumental personal pronoun singular)
mъnojǫ̀ (first-person instrumental personal pronoun singular)
tobòjǫ (instrumental personal pronoun second-person singular)
tobojǫ̀ (instrumental personal pronoun second-person singular)
sobòjǫ (instrumental personal pronoun reflexive singular)
sobojǫ̀ (instrumental personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mojь (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
tvojь (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
svojь (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular)
vě̑ (dual first-person nominative personal pronoun)
vȃ (dual nominative personal pronoun second-person)
nȃ (accusative dual first-person personal pronoun)
vȃ (accusative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sę̑ (accusative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
nàju (dual first-person genitive personal pronoun)
vàju (dual genitive personal pronoun second-person)
sȅbe (dual genitive personal pronoun reflexive)
nàju (dual first-person locative personal pronoun)
vàju (dual locative personal pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (dual locative personal pronoun reflexive)
nàma (dative dual first-person personal pronoun)
vàma (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
va (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
si (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
nàma (dual first-person instrumental personal pronoun)
vàma (dual instrumental personal pronoun second-person)
sobòjǫ (dual instrumental personal pronoun reflexive)
sobojǫ̀ (dual instrumental personal pronoun reflexive)
našь (dual first-person personal possessive pronoun)
vašь (dual personal possessive pronoun second-person)
svojь (dual personal possessive pronoun reflexive)
my̑ (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
vy̑ (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
ny̑ (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
vy̑ (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sę̑ (accusative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàsъ (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
vàsъ (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
sȅbe (genitive personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàsъ (first-person locative personal plural pronoun)
vàsъ (locative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (locative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàmъ (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
vàmъ (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
si (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàmi (first-person instrumental personal plural pronoun)
vàmi (instrumental personal plural pronoun second-person)
sobòjǫ (instrumental personal plural pronoun reflexive)
sobojǫ̀ (instrumental personal plural pronoun reflexive)
našь (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
vašь (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
svojь (personal plural possessive pronoun reflexive)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: твои (tvoi)
Old Ruthenian: твой (tvoj)
Belarusian: твой (tvoj)
Carpathian Rusyn: твуй (tvuj)
Ukrainian: твій (tvij)
Russian: твой (tvoj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: твои (tvoi)

Glagolitic script: ⱅⰲⱁⰹ (tvoi)

Bulgarian: твой (tvoj)

Macedonian: твој (tvoj)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тво̑ј

Latin script: tvȏj

Slovene: tvọ́j (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: tvój
Czech: tvůj

Old Polish: twój
Polish: twój
Silesian: twōj

Slovak: tvoj

Polabian: tüj

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: twój

Slovincian: twój

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: twój

Lower Sorbian: twój

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *twajas, from pre-Balto-Slavic *twoyos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Cognate with Old Prussian twais and Latin tuus. Possessive pronoun for the second-person has been modeled after the possessive pronoun for the first-person *mojь (from Proto-Indo-European *moyos), and were all inflected like demonstratives.


miriti

miřenьje (noun-from-verb)
miriti (infinitive)
miritъ (supine)
mirilъ (l-participle)
miřenъ (participle passive past)
mirimъ (participle passive present)
miřь (active participle past)
mirę (active participle present)
mirixъ (aorist first-person singular)
miri (aorist second-person singular)
miri (aorist singular third-person)
miřǫ (first-person present singular)
miriši (present second-person singular)
miritь (present singular third-person)
mirixově (aorist dual first-person)
mirista (aorist dual second-person)
miriste (aorist dual third-person)
mirivě (dual first-person present)
mirita (dual present second-person)
mirite (dual present third-person)
mirixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
miriste (aorist plural second-person)
mirišę (aorist plural third-person)
mirimъ (first-person plural present)
mirite (plural present second-person)
mirętь (plural present third-person)
miřaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
miřaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
miřaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
miri (imperative second-person singular)
miri (imperative singular third-person)
miřaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
miřaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
miřaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mirivě (dual first-person imperative)
mirita (dual imperative second-person)
miřaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
miřaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
miřaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mirimъ (first-person imperative plural)
mirite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мирити (miriti)

Belarusian: міры́ць (mirýcʹ)

Russian: мири́ть (mirítʹ)

Ukrainian: мири́ти (myrýty)

South Slavic

Bulgarian: миря̀ (mirjà)

Macedonian: мири (miri)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ми́рити

Latin script: míriti

Slovene: miríti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic

Old Czech: miřiti

Old Polish: mirzyć

Slovak: mieriť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: měrić


variti

varìti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
vařenьje (noun-from-verb)
variti (infinitive)
varitъ (supine)
varilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
vařenъ (participle passive past)
varimъ (participle passive present)
vařь (active participle past)
varę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
varixъ (aorist first-person singular)
vari (aorist second-person singular)
vari (aorist singular third-person)
vařǫ (first-person present singular)
variši (present second-person singular)
varitь (present singular third-person)
varixově (aorist dual first-person)
varista (aorist dual second-person)
variste (aorist dual third-person)
varivě (dual first-person present)
varita (dual present second-person)
varite (dual present third-person)
varixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
variste (aorist plural second-person)
varišę (aorist plural third-person)
varimъ (first-person plural present)
varite (plural present second-person)
varętь (plural present third-person)
vařaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vařaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vařaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vari (imperative second-person singular)
vari (imperative singular third-person)
vařaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vařaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vařaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
varivě (dual first-person imperative)
varita (dual imperative second-person)
vařaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vařaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vařaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
varimъ (first-person imperative plural)
varite (imperative plural second-person)
c (accent-paradigm)
vařenьje (noun-from-verb)
variti (infinitive)
varitъ (supine)
varilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
vařenъ (participle passive past)
varimъ (participle passive present)
vařь (active participle past)
varę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
varixъ (aorist first-person singular)
vari (aorist second-person singular)
vari (aorist singular third-person)
vařǫ (first-person present singular)
variši (present second-person singular)
varitь (present singular third-person)
varixově (aorist dual first-person)
varista (aorist dual second-person)
variste (aorist dual third-person)
varivě (dual first-person present)
varita (dual present second-person)
varite (dual present third-person)
varixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
variste (aorist plural second-person)
varišę (aorist plural third-person)
varimъ (first-person plural present)
varite (plural present second-person)
varętь (plural present third-person)
vařaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vařaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vařaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vari (imperative second-person singular)
vari (imperative singular third-person)
vařaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vařaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vařaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
varivě (dual first-person imperative)
varita (dual imperative second-person)
vařaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vařaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vařaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
varimъ (first-person imperative plural)
varite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: варити (variti)

Belarusian: вары́ць (varýcʹ)

Russian: вари́ть (varítʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: вари́ти (varýty)

Ukrainian: вари́ти (varýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: варити (variti)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⰰⱃⰹⱅⰹ (variti)

Bulgarian: варя́ (varjá)

Macedonian: вари (vari)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ва́рити

Latin script: váriti

Slovene: váriti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vařiti

Czech: vařit

Old Polish: warzyć

Polish: warzyć

Silesian: warzić

Slovak: variť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: warić

Lower Sorbian: wariś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wārīˀtei / *wōrīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *wōr- (“to burn”) (Černyx), *werH- (Snoj) or *werh₁- (Derksen). Cognate with Latvian vārīt.
Compare also Old Armenian վառել (vaṙel), English warm.


variti

c (accent-paradigm)
vařenьje (noun-from-verb)
variti (infinitive)
varitъ (supine)
varilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
vařenъ (participle passive past)
varimъ (participle passive present)
vařь (active participle past)
varę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
varixъ (aorist first-person singular)
vari (aorist second-person singular)
vari (aorist singular third-person)
vařǫ (first-person present singular)
variši (present second-person singular)
varitь (present singular third-person)
varixově (aorist dual first-person)
varista (aorist dual second-person)
variste (aorist dual third-person)
varivě (dual first-person present)
varita (dual present second-person)
varite (dual present third-person)
varixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
variste (aorist plural second-person)
varišę (aorist plural third-person)
varimъ (first-person plural present)
varite (plural present second-person)
varętь (plural present third-person)
vařaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
vařaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
vařaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
vari (imperative second-person singular)
vari (imperative singular third-person)
vařaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
vařaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
vařaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
varivě (dual first-person imperative)
varita (dual imperative second-person)
vařaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
vařaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
vařaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
varimъ (first-person imperative plural)
varite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: варити (variti), варяти (varjati)

Russian: варять (varjatʹ), предвари́ть (predvarítʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: варити (variti, “to haste”), прѣдъварити (prědŭvariti, “to anticipate”)

Bulgarian: ва́ря (várja, “to compete”) (only reflexive), ва́ркам (várkam, “to haste, to rush”) (dialectal)

⇒ Bulgarian: изпрева́ря (izprevárja), надпрева́ря (nadprevárja), сва́ря (svárja), зава́ря (zavárja, “to encounter”)

Macedonian: -вари (-vari)

Macedonian: превари (prevari, “to swindle”), завари (zavari, “to encounter”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ва̏рати (“to cheat, to swindle”), прѐварити (“to swindle”)

Latin script: vȁrati (“to cheat, to swindle”), prèvariti (“to swindle”)

West Slavic:

Czech: vařiti (dialectal)

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to cover, to envelop”), cognate with Sanskrit वारयति (vārayati, “to conceal, to capture, to prohibit”) and akin to Lithuanian varýti (“to chase”), Sanskrit वरते (varate, “to surround, to keep back”), Proto-Germanic *warjaną (“to ward off, to defend”), Proto-Germanic *warōną (“to overwatch, to be aware of”).

cog

to go ahead, to overtake, to take a lead


perina

perìna (canonical feminine)
perina (nominative singular)
perině (dual nominative)
periny (nominative plural)
periny (genitive singular)
perinu (dual genitive)
perinъ (genitive plural)
perině (dative singular)
perinama (dative dual)
perinamъ (dative plural)
perinǫ (accusative singular)
perině (accusative dual)
periny (accusative plural)
perinojǫ (instrumental singular)
perinǫ (instrumental singular)
perinama (dual instrumental)
perinami (instrumental plural)
perině (locative singular)
perinu (dual locative)
perinasъ (locative plural)
perinaxъ (locative plural)
perino (singular vocative)
perině (dual vocative)
periny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: пери́на (perína)

⇒ Russian: пери́нка (perínka)

Ukrainian: пери́на (perýna)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пе̏рина

Latin script: pȅrina

West Slavic:

Czech: peřina

Polish: pierzyna

Slovak: perina


glumiti

glumľenьje (noun-from-verb)
glumiti (infinitive)
glumitъ (supine)
glumilъ (l-participle)
glumľenъ (participle passive past)
glumimъ (participle passive present)
glumľь (active participle past)
glumę (active participle present)
glumixъ (aorist first-person singular)
glumi (aorist second-person singular)
glumi (aorist singular third-person)
glumľǫ (first-person present singular)
glumiši (present second-person singular)
glumitь (present singular third-person)
glumixově (aorist dual first-person)
glumista (aorist dual second-person)
glumiste (aorist dual third-person)
glumivě (dual first-person present)
glumita (dual present second-person)
glumite (dual present third-person)
glumixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
glumiste (aorist plural second-person)
glumišę (aorist plural third-person)
glumimъ (first-person plural present)
glumite (plural present second-person)
glumętь (plural present third-person)
glumľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
glumľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
glumľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
glumi (imperative second-person singular)
glumi (imperative singular third-person)
glumľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
glumľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
glumľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
glumivě (dual first-person imperative)
glumita (dual imperative second-person)
glumľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
glumľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
glumľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
glumimъ (first-person imperative plural)
glumite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: глумити (glumiti)

Old Ruthenian: глумити (hlumiti)

Belarusian: глумі́ць (hlumícʹ)

Ukrainian: глуми́ти (hlumýty)

Russian: глуми́ться (glumítʹsja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: глоумити (glumiti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: глумя́ (glumjá)

Macedonian: глуми (glumi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: глу́мити

Latin script: glúmiti

Slovene: glūmiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Polish: głumić (dialectal)

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: glumi

Denominative verb from *glumъ, *gluma (“mockery? amusement? joke?”) + *-iti, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰlow-m-, from the root *gʰlew-. Cognate with Old Norse glaumr (“jubilation”), gleyma (“to forget, to jubilate, to make merry”), Old English glēam (“jubilation, joy”), Ancient Greek χλεύη (khleúē, “joke, mockery”), χλευάζω (khleuázō, “to joke”), Lithuanian glaudas, glauda (“fun”) (Daouksha's dictionary), gláudoti (“to joke”), Latvian glaudât (“to joke”).


sǫbota

sǫbota (nominative singular)
sǫbotě (dual nominative)
sǫboty (nominative plural)
sǫboty (genitive singular)
sǫbotu (dual genitive)
sǫbotъ (genitive plural)
sǫbotě (dative singular)
sǫbotama (dative dual)
sǫbotamъ (dative plural)
sǫbotǫ (accusative singular)
sǫbotě (accusative dual)
sǫboty (accusative plural)
sǫbotojǫ (instrumental singular)
sǫbotǫ (instrumental singular)
sǫbotama (dual instrumental)
sǫbotami (instrumental plural)
sǫbotě (locative singular)
sǫbotu (dual locative)
sǫbotasъ (locative plural)
sǫbotaxъ (locative plural)
sǫboto (singular vocative)
sǫbotě (dual vocative)
sǫboty (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: субота (subota)

Belarusian: субо́та (subóta)

Russian: суббо́та (subbóta)

Carpathian Rusyn: субо́та (subóta)

Ukrainian: субо́та (subóta)

desctree

→ Karelian: suovatta
→ Kildin Sami: сӯвведҍ (sūvvjed’)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сѫбота (sǫbota), собота (sobota)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱘⰱⱁⱅⰰ (sǫbota), ⱄⱆⰱⱁⱅⰰ (subota)

desc

Bulgarian: съ́бота (sǎ́bota), съ́мбута (sǎ́mbuta) (dialectal)

Macedonian: сабота (sabota)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: су̀бота

Latin script: sùbota

Slovene: sobọ́ta (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sobota
Czech: sobota

desctree

Old Polish: sobota
Polish: sobota
Silesian: sobota

Slovak: sobota

Polabian: sübötă

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: sobòta

Slovincian: sôbôta

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: sobota

Upper Sorbian: sobota

Non-Slavic languages:

→ Hungarian: szombat

Borrowed from Latin (either Medieval Latin sabbatum or Vulgar Latin *sambatum), from Ancient Greek σάββᾱτον (sábbāton), from Hebrew שַׁבָּת (šabbāṯ, “sabbath”).


neděľa

nedě̀ľa (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
nedě̀ľa (nominative singular)
nedě̀ľi (dual nominative)
nedě̀ľę̇ (nominative plural)
nedě̀ľę̇ (genitive singular)
nedě̀ľu (dual genitive)
nedě̀ľь (genitive plural)
nedě̀ľī (dative singular)
nedě̀ľama (dative dual)
nedě̀ľāmъ (dative plural)
nedě̀ľǫ (accusative singular)
nedě̀ľi (accusative dual)
nedě̀ľę̇ (accusative plural)
nedě̀ľējǫ (instrumental singular)
nedě̀ľǭ (instrumental singular)
nedě̀ľama (dual instrumental)
nedě̀ľāmī (instrumental plural)
nedě̀ľī (locative singular)
nedě̀ľu (dual locative)
nedě̀ľāsъ (locative plural)
nedě̀ľe (singular vocative)
nedě̀ľi (dual vocative)
nedě̀ľę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: недѣ́лꙗ (nedě́lja)
Belarusian: нядзе́ля (njadzjélja)
→? Lithuanian: nedėlia
Russian: неде́ля (nedélja, “week”)
Carpathian Rusyn: недї́ля (nedjílja)
Ukrainian: неді́ля (nedílja)
→ Estonian: nädal (“week”)
→ Karelian: netäli (“week”), nedäli
→ Kildin Sami: не̄дтӭль (niedt’el’, “week”)
→ Latgalian: nedeļa (“week”)
→ Latvian: nedēļa (“week”)
→ Livonian: nädīļ (“week”)
→ Skolt Sami: neäʹttel (“week”)
→ Tuvan: неделя (nedelya, “week”)
→ Votic: näteli (“week”)
→ Yakut: нэдиэлэ (nediele, “week”)

Old Novgorodian: недѣлѧ

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: недѣлꙗ (nedělja)

Glagolitic script: ⱀⰵⰴⱑⰾⱑ (nedělě)

desc

Bulgarian: неде́ля (nedélja), недя́ля (nedjálja) (dialectal)

Macedonian: не́дела (nédela)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: нѐдеља, нѐдјеља, нѐђеља

Latin script: nèdelja, nèdjelja, nèđelja

Slovene: nedẹ́lja (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: neděle
Czech: neděle

Polabian: nideľă

desctree

Old Polish: niedziela
Polish: niedziela
Silesian: niydziela

Slovak: nedeľa

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: niedzela

Slovincian: njêdzêla

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: njeźela

Upper Sorbian: njedźela

From *ne (“not”) + *dělo (“work”) + *-ja. Or from *ne (“not”) + *děliti (“to divide”) + *-ja.
For the meaning, compare:
* Sunday > week: Ojibwe anamaʼe-giizhik, Georgian კვირა (ḳvira), Romani kurko, Navajo damóo, Taos tumį́ku, Karao domingko.
* summer > year: Proto-Slavic *lěto.


gostiti

gosťenьje (noun-from-verb)
gostiti (infinitive)
gostitъ (supine)
gostilъ (l-participle)
gosťenъ (participle passive past)
gostimъ (participle passive present)
gosťь (active participle past)
gostę (active participle present)
gostixъ (aorist first-person singular)
gosti (aorist second-person singular)
gosti (aorist singular third-person)
gosťǫ (first-person present singular)
gostiši (present second-person singular)
gostitь (present singular third-person)
gostixově (aorist dual first-person)
gostista (aorist dual second-person)
gostiste (aorist dual third-person)
gostivě (dual first-person present)
gostita (dual present second-person)
gostite (dual present third-person)
gostixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gostiste (aorist plural second-person)
gostišę (aorist plural third-person)
gostimъ (first-person plural present)
gostite (plural present second-person)
gostętь (plural present third-person)
gosťaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gosťaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gosťaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gosti (imperative second-person singular)
gosti (imperative singular third-person)
gosťaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gosťaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gosťaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gostivě (dual first-person imperative)
gostita (dual imperative second-person)
gosťaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gosťaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gosťaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gostimъ (first-person imperative plural)
gostite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гостити (gostiti)

desc

Belarusian: гасьці́ць (hasʹcícʹ) (dialectal)

Russian: гости́ть (gostítʹ)

Ukrainian: гости́ти (hostýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Russian Church Slavonic: гостити (gostiti)

Bulgarian: гостя̀ (gostjà)

Macedonian: гости (gosti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: го̀стити

Latin script: gòstiti

Slovene: gostíti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hostiti

Czech: hostit

Polish: gościć

Slovak: hostiť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: hościć


napisati

napisanьje (noun-from-verb)
napisati (infinitive)
napisatъ (supine)
napisalъ (l-participle)
napisanъ (participle passive past)
napišemъ (participle passive present)
napisavъ (active participle past)
napišę (active participle present)
napisaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
napisa (aorist second-person singular)
napisa (aorist singular third-person)
napišǫ (first-person present singular)
napišeši (present second-person singular)
napišetь (present singular third-person)
napisaxově (aorist dual first-person)
napisasta (aorist dual second-person)
napisaste (aorist dual third-person)
napiševě (dual first-person present)
napišeta (dual present second-person)
napišete (dual present third-person)
napisaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
napisaste (aorist plural second-person)
napisašę (aorist plural third-person)
napišemъ (first-person plural present)
napišete (plural present second-person)
napišǫtь (plural present third-person)
napisaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
napisaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
napisaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
napiši (imperative second-person singular)
napiši (imperative singular third-person)
napisaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
napisaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
napisaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
napišivě (dual first-person imperative)
napišita (dual imperative second-person)
napisaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
napisaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
napisaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
napišimъ (first-person imperative plural)
napišite (imperative plural second-person)
napisanьje (noun-from-verb)
napisati (infinitive)
napisatъ (supine)
napisalъ (l-participle)
napisanъ (participle passive past)
napisajemъ (participle passive present)
napisavъ (active participle past)
napisaję (active participle present)
napisaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
napisa (aorist second-person singular)
napisa (aorist singular third-person)
napisajǫ (first-person present singular)
napisaješi (present second-person singular)
napisajetь (present singular third-person)
napisaxově (aorist dual first-person)
napisasta (aorist dual second-person)
napisaste (aorist dual third-person)
napisajevě (dual first-person present)
napisajeta (dual present second-person)
napisajete (dual present third-person)
napisaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
napisaste (aorist plural second-person)
napisašę (aorist plural third-person)
napisajemъ (first-person plural present)
napisajete (plural present second-person)
napisajǫtь (plural present third-person)
napisaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
napisaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
napisaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
napisaji (imperative second-person singular)
napisaji (imperative singular third-person)
napisaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
napisaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
napisaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
napisajivě (dual first-person imperative)
napisajita (dual imperative second-person)
napisaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
napisaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
napisaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
napisajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
napisajite (imperative plural second-person)

Church Slavonic: написати (napisati) (Russian)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: написати (napisati)

Belarusian: напіса́ць (napisácʹ)

Russian: написа́ть (napisátʹ)

Ukrainian: написа́ти (napysáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: написати (napisati)

Bulgarian: напи́ша (napíša)

Macedonian: на́пише (nápiše)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: написати

Latin script: napísati

Slovene: napísati

West Slavic:

Old Polish: napisać

Polish: napisać

Slovak: napísať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: napisać

Lower Sorbian: napisaś


župa

župa (nominative singular)
župě (dual nominative)
župy (nominative plural)
župy (genitive singular)
župu (dual genitive)
župъ (genitive plural)
župě (dative singular)
župama (dative dual)
župamъ (dative plural)
župǫ (accusative singular)
župě (accusative dual)
župy (accusative plural)
župojǫ (instrumental singular)
župǫ (instrumental singular)
župama (dual instrumental)
župami (instrumental plural)
župě (locative singular)
župu (dual locative)
župasъ (locative plural)
župaxъ (locative plural)
župo (singular vocative)
župě (dual vocative)
župy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: (dialectal) жу́па (žúpa)

Ukrainian: жу́па (žúpa, “salt mine”)

South Slavic:

⇒ Old Church Slavonic: жоупиште (župište, “burial mound”)

Church Slavonic: жупа (župa) (Russian recension)

West Slavic:

Polish: żupa

Probably from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gjaupāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *gewp-eh₂, from *gewp-, an extension of *gew-. Compare Proto-Germanic *kubô (“hut, cove”), Ancient Greek γῡ́πη (gū́pē, “den, cavity”).

cog

, *dupa, *dyra


župa

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: жупа (župa)

Russian: жу́па (žúpa)

Ukrainian: жу́па (žúpa, “region”) (ecclesiastical)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: жоупа (župa)

Bulgarian: жу́па (žúpa) (historical)

Macedonian: жу́па (žúpa) (ecclesiastical)

Serbo-Croatian: (ecclesiastical)

Cyrillic script: жу́па

Latin script: žúpa

Slovene: žúpa (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: župa

Slovak: župa

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: župa

Upper Sorbian: župa

Not entirely clear. Has been compared with Old English ġēap (“broad, spacious”), Lithuanian gaubti (“to cover”).

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