smьjati

smьjàti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
smьjanьje (noun-from-verb)
smьjati (infinitive)
smьjatъ (supine)
smьjalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
smьjanъ (participle passive past)
smějemъ (participle passive present)
smьjavъ (active participle past)
směję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
smьjaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
smьja (aorist second-person singular)
smьja (aorist singular third-person)
smějǫ (first-person present singular)
směješi (present second-person singular)
smějetь (present singular third-person)
smьjaxově (aorist dual first-person)
smьjasta (aorist dual second-person)
smьjaste (aorist dual third-person)
smějevě (dual first-person present)
smějeta (dual present second-person)
smějete (dual present third-person)
smьjaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
smьjaste (aorist plural second-person)
smьjašę (aorist plural third-person)
smějemъ (first-person plural present)
smějete (plural present second-person)
smějǫtь (plural present third-person)
smьjaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
smьjaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
smьjaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
směji (imperative second-person singular)
směji (imperative singular third-person)
smьjaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
smьjaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
smьjaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
smějivě (dual first-person imperative)
smějita (dual imperative second-person)
smьjaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
smьjaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
smьjaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
smějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
smějite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: смиꙗти (smijati), смѣꙗти (smějati)

Old Ruthenian: смѣꙗтисѧ (smějatisja), смѣатисѧ (směatisja), смѣꙗтись (smějatisʹ), смѣꙗтисє (smějatisje), смѣꙗтьсѧ (smějatʹsja), смиꙗтисѧ (smijatisja)

Belarusian: смяя́цца (smjajácca)

Carpathian Rusyn: смяти (smjaty)

Ukrainian: смія́тися (smijátysja)

Russian: смея́ться (smejátʹsja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: [Term?]

Old Cyrillic script: смиꙗти (smijati), смѣати (směati), смиѣти (smijěti), смѣѣти (smějěti)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: смѐјати, смѝјати, смијејати

Latin script: smèjati, smìjati, smijejati

Slovene: smejáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: smiôc

Old Czech: smieti

Czech: smát

Polabian: sḿot

Polish: śmiać

Silesian: śmiŏć

Slovak: smiať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: smjeć

Lower Sorbian: smjaś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *smīˀ-, *smai-, from Proto-Indo-European *smey-. Cognate with Latvian smiêt (“to mock”), 1sg. smeju, smiêtiês (“to laugh”), smaĩdît (“to mock”) (also Eastern dialect smaîdinât), smîdînât (“to make someone laugh”) (also Western dialect smĩdînât), smĩnêt (“to smile”). Also cognate with Sanskrit स्मयते (smáyate, “to smile, to laugh”), Ancient Greek μειδάω (meidáō), μειδιάω (meidiáō, “to smile”), φιλο-μμειδής (philo-mmeidḗs, “smiling gladly”) (Homeric), Tocharian A smimāṃ (“smiling”), English smile, Latin mīrus (“wonderful”). Per Derksen, the Balto-Slavic acute is an innovation.


voňь

vòňь (canonical)
vòňa (canonical feminine)
b (accent-paradigm)
vòňь (nominative singular)
voňì (dual nominative)
voňì (nominative plural)
vòňi (genitive singular)
vòňьju (dual genitive)
voňь̀jь (genitive plural)
voňì (dative singular)
vòňьma (dative dual)
voňь̀mъ (dative plural)
vòňь (accusative singular)
voňì (accusative dual)
voňì (accusative plural)
vòňьjǫ (instrumental singular)
vòňьma (dual instrumental)
vòňьmī (instrumental plural)
vòňi (locative singular)
vòňьju (dual locative)
voňь̀xъ (locative plural)
voňi (singular vocative)
voňì (dual vocative)
voňì (plural vocative)
b (accent-paradigm)
vòňa (nominative singular)
vòňi (dual nominative)
vòňę̇ (nominative plural)
vòňę̇ (genitive singular)
vòňu (dual genitive)
vòňь (genitive plural)
vòňi (dative singular)
vòňama (dative dual)
vòňamъ (dative plural)
vòňǫ (accusative singular)
vòňi (accusative dual)
vòňę̇ (accusative plural)
vòňejǫ (instrumental singular)
vòňǫ (instrumental singular)
vòňama (dual instrumental)
vòňamī (instrumental plural)
vòňi (locative singular)
vòňu (dual locative)
vòňasъ (locative plural)
vòňaxъ (locative plural)
voňe (singular vocative)
vòňi (dual vocative)
vòňę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вонꙗ (vonja)

desc

Old Ruthenian: вонь (vonʹ), вонꙗ (vonja)

Ukrainian: во́ня (vónja)

Middle Russian: вонь (vonʹ), вонꙗ (vonja)

Russian: вонь (vonʹ, “stench, bad smell”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: вонꙗ (vonja), вонь (vonĭ)

Bulgarian: воня́ (vonjá)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: во̑њ (“stench, bad smell in modern usage”), во̏ња

Latin script: vȏnj (“stench, bad smell in modern usage”), vȍnja

Slovene: vọ́nja (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vóně

Czech: vůně

Kashubian: wòniô

Polabian: vińă

Polish: woń

Silesian: wōń

Slovak: vôňa

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wón

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wánjāˀ; Derksen suggests a possible derivation as jā-stem from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁- (“to breathe”).


mьlčati

mьlčàti (canonical imperfective)
mьlknǫti (perfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
mьlčanьje (noun-from-verb)
mьlčati (infinitive)
mьlčatъ (supine)
mьlčalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
mьlčanъ (participle passive past)
mьlčimъ (participle passive present)
mьlčavъ (active participle past)
mьlčę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
mьlčaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
mьlča (aorist second-person singular)
mьlča (aorist singular third-person)
mьlčǫ (first-person present singular)
mьlčiši (present second-person singular)
mьlčitь (present singular third-person)
mьlčaxově (aorist dual first-person)
mьlčasta (aorist dual second-person)
mьlčaste (aorist dual third-person)
mьlčivě (dual first-person present)
mьlčita (dual present second-person)
mьlčite (dual present third-person)
mьlčaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mьlčaste (aorist plural second-person)
mьlčašę (aorist plural third-person)
mьlčimъ (first-person plural present)
mьlčite (plural present second-person)
mьlčętь (plural present third-person)
mьlčaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mьlčaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mьlčaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
mьlči (imperative second-person singular)
mьlči (imperative singular third-person)
mьlčaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mьlčaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mьlčaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mьlčivě (dual first-person imperative)
mьlčita (dual imperative second-person)
mьlčaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mьlčaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mьlčaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mьlčimъ (first-person imperative plural)
mьlčite (imperative plural second-person)
mьlčanьje (noun-from-verb)
mьlčati (infinitive)
mьlčatъ (supine)
mьlčalъ (l-participle)
mьlčanъ (participle passive past)
mьlčemъ (participle passive present)
mьlčavъ (active participle past)
mьlčę (active participle present)
mьlčaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
mьlča (aorist second-person singular)
mьlča (aorist singular third-person)
mьlčǫ (first-person present singular)
mьlčeši (present second-person singular)
mьlčetь (present singular third-person)
mьlčaxově (aorist dual first-person)
mьlčasta (aorist dual second-person)
mьlčaste (aorist dual third-person)
mьlčevě (dual first-person present)
mьlčeta (dual present second-person)
mьlčete (dual present third-person)
mьlčaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mьlčaste (aorist plural second-person)
mьlčašę (aorist plural third-person)
mьlčemъ (first-person plural present)
mьlčete (plural present second-person)
mьlčǫtь (plural present third-person)
mьlčaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mьlčaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mьlčaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
mьlči (imperative second-person singular)
mьlči (imperative singular third-person)
mьlčaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mьlčaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mьlčaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mьlčivě (dual first-person imperative)
mьlčita (dual imperative second-person)
mьlčaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mьlčaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mьlčaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mьlčimъ (first-person imperative plural)
mьlčite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: мълчати (mŭlčati), молчати (molčati)

Belarusian: маўча́ць (maŭčácʹ)

Russian: молча́ть (molčátʹ)

Ukrainian: мовча́ти (movčáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мльчати (mlĭčati)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: мълча́ (mǎlčá); млъча́ (mlǎčá), мълчу́вам (mǎlčúvam) (dialectal)

Macedonian: молчи (molči)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: му́чати

Latin script: múčati

Slovene: mołčáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: môłczëc

Old Czech: mlčěti

Czech: mlčet

Polabian: måuca̧cĕ

Old Polish: milczeć

Polish: milczeć

Slovak: mlčať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: mjelčeć

Lower Sorbian: mjelcaś

Uncertain:
* Derksen, LIV: No cognates outside of Slavic. If inherited, the root would be *melk- or *melkʷ-.
* Černykh, Vasmer, Mladenov, Snoj: From Proto-Indo-European *melh₂k-, per Mladenov probably a k-extension of *melh₂- (“to grind, to mill”). Akin to Lithuanian mùlkis (“simpleton”), Latvian muļķis m, muļķe f (“fool”) within Balto-Slavic; and to Sanskrit मूर्ख (mūrkhá, “stupid”), Ancient Greek μαλακός (malakós, “soft, gentle, serene”), βλάξ (bláx, “stupid”), Old Irish malcaid (“to rot”) in other Indo-European languages.


blějati

c (accent-paradigm)
blějanьje (noun-from-verb)
blějati (infinitive)
blějatъ (supine)
blějalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
blějanъ (participle passive past)
blějemъ (participle passive present)
blějavъ (active participle past)
blěję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
blějaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
blěja (aorist second-person singular)
blěja (aorist singular third-person)
blějǫ (first-person present singular)
blěješi (present second-person singular)
blějetь (present singular third-person)
blějaxově (aorist dual first-person)
blějasta (aorist dual second-person)
blějaste (aorist dual third-person)
blějevě (dual first-person present)
blějeta (dual present second-person)
blějete (dual present third-person)
blějaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
blějaste (aorist plural second-person)
blějašę (aorist plural third-person)
blějemъ (first-person plural present)
blějete (plural present second-person)
blějǫtь (plural present third-person)
blějaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
blějaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
blějaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
blěji (imperative second-person singular)
blěji (imperative singular third-person)
blějaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
blějaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
blějaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
blějivě (dual first-person imperative)
blějita (dual imperative second-person)
blějaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
blějaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
blějaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
blějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
blějite (imperative plural second-person)

Church Slavonic: блѣꙗти (blějati) (Russian)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: блѣꙗти (blějati)

Belarusian: бляя́ць (bljajácʹ)

Russian: бле́ять (bléjatʹ)

desc

Ukrainian: бле́яти (bléjaty), блія́ти (blijáty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бле́я (bléja)

Macedonian: блее (blee)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бле́јати

Latin script: bléjati

Slovene: blẹ́jati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: bleti (archaic)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *blḗˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰléh₁-ti, from *bʰleh₁- (“to bleat, cry”).


mǫčiti

mǫ̀čiti (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
mǫčenьje (noun-from-verb)
mǫčiti (infinitive)
mǫčitъ (supine)
mǫčilъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
mǫčenъ (participle passive past)
mǫčimъ (participle passive present)
mǫčь (active participle past)
mǫčę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
mǫčixъ (aorist first-person singular)
mǫči (aorist second-person singular)
mǫči (aorist singular third-person)
mǫčǫ (first-person present singular)
mǫčiši (present second-person singular)
mǫčitь (present singular third-person)
mǫčixově (aorist dual first-person)
mǫčista (aorist dual second-person)
mǫčiste (aorist dual third-person)
mǫčivě (dual first-person present)
mǫčita (dual present second-person)
mǫčite (dual present third-person)
mǫčixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mǫčiste (aorist plural second-person)
mǫčišę (aorist plural third-person)
mǫčimъ (first-person plural present)
mǫčite (plural present second-person)
mǫčętь (plural present third-person)
mǫčaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mǫčaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mǫčaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
mǫči (imperative second-person singular)
mǫči (imperative singular third-person)
mǫčaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mǫčaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mǫčaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mǫčivě (dual first-person imperative)
mǫčita (dual imperative second-person)
mǫčaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mǫčaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mǫčaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mǫčimъ (first-person imperative plural)
mǫčite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мꙋчити (mučiti)

Belarusian: му́чыць (múčycʹ)

Russian: му́чить (múčitʹ)

Ukrainian: му́чити (múčyty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мѫчити (mǫčiti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: мъ́ча (mǎ́ča)

Macedonian: мачи (mači)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: му̏чити

Latin script: mȕčiti

Slovene: múčiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mučiti

Czech: mučit

Old Polish: męczyć

Polish: męczyć

Slovak: mučiť

Slovincian: mãczic

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: mučić

Lower Sorbian: mucyś


broditi

brodìti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
broďenьje (noun-from-verb)
broditi (infinitive)
broditъ (supine)
brodilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
broďenъ (participle passive past)
brodimъ (participle passive present)
broďь (active participle past)
brodę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
brodixъ (aorist first-person singular)
brodi (aorist second-person singular)
brodi (aorist singular third-person)
broďǫ (first-person present singular)
brodiši (present second-person singular)
broditь (present singular third-person)
brodixově (aorist dual first-person)
brodista (aorist dual second-person)
brodiste (aorist dual third-person)
brodivě (dual first-person present)
brodita (dual present second-person)
brodite (dual present third-person)
brodixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
brodiste (aorist plural second-person)
brodišę (aorist plural third-person)
brodimъ (first-person plural present)
brodite (plural present second-person)
brodętь (plural present third-person)
broďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
broďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
broďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
brodi (imperative second-person singular)
brodi (imperative singular third-person)
broďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
broďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
broďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
brodivě (dual first-person imperative)
brodita (dual imperative second-person)
broďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
broďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
broďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
brodimъ (first-person imperative plural)
brodite (imperative plural second-person)

Church Slavonic: бродити (broditi, “to go across”) (Russian)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: бродити (broditi), бродитисꙗ (broditisja)

Belarusian: брадзі́ць (bradzícʹ)

Russian: броди́ть (brodítʹ)

Ukrainian: броди́ти (brodýty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: бро́дя (bródja)

Macedonian: броди (brodi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бро̀дити

Latin script: bròditi

Slovene: brodīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: broditi

Czech: brodit

Polabian: bradĕt

Polish: brodzić

Slovak: brodiť

Slovincian: brôdzëc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: brodźić

Lower Sorbian: broźiś


bolěti

bolě̀ti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
bolěnьje (noun-from-verb)
bolěti (infinitive)
bolětъ (supine)
bolělъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
bolěvъ (active participle past)
bolę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
bolěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
bolě (aorist second-person singular)
bolě (aorist singular third-person)
boľǫ (first-person present singular)
boliši (present second-person singular)
bolitь (present singular third-person)
bolěxově (aorist dual first-person)
bolěsta (aorist dual second-person)
bolěste (aorist dual third-person)
bolivě (dual first-person present)
bolita (dual present second-person)
bolite (dual present third-person)
bolěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bolěste (aorist plural second-person)
bolěšę (aorist plural third-person)
bolimъ (first-person plural present)
bolite (plural present second-person)
bolętь (plural present third-person)
bolěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bolěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bolěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
boli (imperative second-person singular)
boli (imperative singular third-person)
bolěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bolěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bolěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
bolivě (dual first-person imperative)
bolita (dual imperative second-person)
bolěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bolěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bolěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
bolimъ (first-person imperative plural)
bolite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: болѣти (bolěti)

Old Belarusian: болѣти (bolěti)

Belarusian: бале́ць (baljécʹ)

Russian: боле́ть (bolétʹ)

Ukrainian: болі́ти (bolíty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: болѣти (bolěti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

→ Romanian: a boli

Bulgarian: боли́ (bolí), боля́ (boljá, “to be ill”)

Macedonian: боли (boli)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бо̀љети

Latin script: bòljeti

Slovene: bolẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: bolěti

Czech: bolet

Bohemian (Chod dialect): bolít

Polabian: bülĕ (3sg.)

Polish: boleć

Slovak: bolieť

Slovincian: bôlec

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: boleć

Lower Sorbian: bóleś

Non-slavic:

Romanian: boli

* Derksen: From Proto-Indo-European *bʰel(H)-; cognate with Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (balwjan, “to martyr”), Old Norse bǫlva (“to curse”), Old Irish bealaim (“to die”). Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₂w- (Ancient Greek φλαῦρος (phlaûros, “bad, inferior”), Old Norse blauðr (“timid”)) alongside *bʰelh₂-.
* Trubachev (ESSJa): Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bel- (“strong”) by taboo replacement; cognate with Sanskrit बल (bálaṃ, “strength, power”), Ancient Greek βελτίων (beltíōn, “better”), Russian большо́й (bolʹšój, “big, great”).


kotьlъ

kotь̀lъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
kotь̀lъ (nominative singular)
kotьlà (dual nominative)
kotьlì (nominative plural)
kotьlà (genitive singular)
kotьlù (dual genitive)
kotь̀lъ (genitive plural)
kotьlù (dative singular)
kotьlòma (dative dual)
kotьlòmъ (dative plural)
kotь̀lъ (accusative singular)
kotьlà (accusative dual)
kotьlỳ (accusative plural)
kotьlъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
kotьlòmь (instrumental singular)
kotьlòma (dual instrumental)
kotь̀ly (instrumental plural)
kotьlě̀ (locative singular)
kotьlù (dual locative)
kotь̀lěxъ (locative plural)
kotьle (singular vocative)
kotьlà (dual vocative)
kotьlì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: кацёл (kacjól)

Russian: котёл (kotjól)

Ukrainian: коте́л (kotél)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: котьлъ (kotĭlŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰽⱁⱅⱐⰾⱏ (kotĭlŭ)

Bulgarian: коте́л (kotél)

desc

Macedonian: котел (kotel), котле (kotle)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ко̀тао

Latin script: kòtao

Slovene: kótəl (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: kotel

Polabian: ťüťål

Old Polish: kocieł

Polish: kocioł, kocieł (obsolete or dialectal)

Slovak: kotol

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: kóśeł, kośeł

Upper Sorbian: kotoł

From Proto-Germanic *katilaz, via an East Germanic language (possibly Gothic). Possibly further related to Latin catīllus (“small bowl”), Ancient Greek κοτύλη (kotúlē, “cup, vessel”).


zьrěti

zьrěnьje (noun-from-verb)
zьrěti (infinitive)
zьrětъ (supine)
zьrělъ (l-participle)
zьrěnъ (participle passive past)
zьrimъ (participle passive present)
zьrěvъ (active participle past)
zьrę (active participle present)
zьrěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
zьrě (aorist second-person singular)
zьrě (aorist singular third-person)
zьřǫ (first-person present singular)
zьriši (present second-person singular)
zьritь (present singular third-person)
zьrěxově (aorist dual first-person)
zьrěsta (aorist dual second-person)
zьrěste (aorist dual third-person)
zьrivě (dual first-person present)
zьrita (dual present second-person)
zьrite (dual present third-person)
zьrěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
zьrěste (aorist plural second-person)
zьrěšę (aorist plural third-person)
zьrimъ (first-person plural present)
zьrite (plural present second-person)
zьrętь (plural present third-person)
zьrěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
zьrěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
zьrěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
zьri (imperative second-person singular)
zьri (imperative singular third-person)
zьrěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
zьrěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
zьrěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
zьrivě (dual first-person imperative)
zьrita (dual imperative second-person)
zьrěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
zьrěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
zьrěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
zьrimъ (first-person imperative plural)
zьrite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: зьрѣти (zĭrěti)

Old Ruthenian: зрѣ́ти (zrě́ti)

Ukrainian: зрі́ти (zríty) (obsolete), здрі́ти (zdríty) (obsolete)

Russian: зреть (zretʹ) (archaic)

Old Novgorodian: ꙁьрѣти (zĭrěti)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: зьрѣти (zĭrěti)

Glagolitic: ⰸⱐⱃⱑⱅⰹ (zĭrěti)

Bulgarian: зра (zra) (literary)

Macedonian: ѕирка (dzirka), ѕирне (dzirne), проѕирност (prodzirnost), ѕира (dzira)

Serbo-Croatian: (obsolete)

Cyrillic script: зре̏ти

Latin: zrȅti

Slovene: zréti (tonal orthography) (literary)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: zřieti

Czech: zřít (archaic)

Old Polish: źrzeć (“to look”)

Slovak: zrieť (obsolete or poetic)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: zrjeć (obsolete)

Cognate with Lithuanian žėrė́ti (“to shine, to sparkle”), 1sg. žẽriu, žėrúoti (“to glow, sparkle”), possibly also žiūrė́ti (“to look”).
* Per Derksen, further connections unclear.
* Chernykh (per Pokorny) reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰerh₁-, and connects Proto-Germanic *grēwaz (“gray”).


zьrěti

zьrěnьje (noun-from-verb)
zьrěti (infinitive)
zьrětъ (supine)
zьrělъ (l-participle)
zьrěvъ (active participle past)
zьrěję (active participle present)
zьrěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
zьrě (aorist second-person singular)
zьrě (aorist singular third-person)
zьrějǫ (first-person present singular)
zьrěješi (present second-person singular)
zьrějetь (present singular third-person)
zьrěxově (aorist dual first-person)
zьrěsta (aorist dual second-person)
zьrěste (aorist dual third-person)
zьrějevě (dual first-person present)
zьrějeta (dual present second-person)
zьrějete (dual present third-person)
zьrěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
zьrěste (aorist plural second-person)
zьrěšę (aorist plural third-person)
zьrějemъ (first-person plural present)
zьrějete (plural present second-person)
zьrějǫtь (plural present third-person)
zьrěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
zьrěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
zьrěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
zьrěji (imperative second-person singular)
zьrěji (imperative singular third-person)
zьrěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
zьrěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
zьrěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
zьrějivě (dual first-person imperative)
zьrějita (dual imperative second-person)
zьrěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
zьrěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
zьrěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
zьrějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
zьrějite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: зьрѣлыи (zĭrělyi, “ripe”), съзьрѣти (sŭzĭrěti)

Russian: зреть (zretʹ), 1sg. зре́ю (zréju)

Ukrainian: зрі́ти (zríty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: зьрѣти (zĭrěti)

Cyrillic: зьрѣлъ (zĭrělŭ, “ripe”)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: зре́я (zréja)

Macedonian: зрее (zree)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: зре̏ти, 1sg. зри̑м

Latin: zrȅti, 1sg. zrȋm

Slovene: zrẹ́ti (tonal orthography), 1sg. zrẹ̑jem, zrẹ̑m (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: zrát, 1sg. zraji, zrám

Old Polish: źrzeć (“ripen”)

Slovak: zreť, zrieť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: zrać

Lower Sorbian: zdrjaś

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵerh₂-. Cognate with Sanskrit जरति (járati), जीर्यति (jī́ryati, “to become decrepit or rotten, to age”), जरन्त् (járant, “old”), Ancient Greek γραῦς (graûs, “old woman”), γέρων (gérōn, “old man, old”), γῆρας (gêras, “old age”), Old Armenian ծեր (cer, “old man, old”), Old Norse karl (“man, old man”), English churl.


maxati

māxàti (canonical imperfective)
maxanьje (noun-from-verb)
maxati (infinitive)
maxatъ (supine)
maxalъ (l-participle)
maxanъ (participle passive past)
mašemъ (participle passive present)
maxavъ (active participle past)
mašę (active participle present)
maxaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
maxa (aorist second-person singular)
maxa (aorist singular third-person)
mašǫ (first-person present singular)
mašeši (present second-person singular)
mašetь (present singular third-person)
maxaxově (aorist dual first-person)
maxasta (aorist dual second-person)
maxaste (aorist dual third-person)
maševě (dual first-person present)
mašeta (dual present second-person)
mašete (dual present third-person)
maxaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
maxaste (aorist plural second-person)
maxašę (aorist plural third-person)
mašemъ (first-person plural present)
mašete (plural present second-person)
mašǫtь (plural present third-person)
maxaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
maxaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
maxaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
maši (imperative second-person singular)
maši (imperative singular third-person)
maxaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
maxaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
maxaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mašivě (dual first-person imperative)
mašita (dual imperative second-person)
maxaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
maxaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
maxaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mašimъ (first-person imperative plural)
mašite (imperative plural second-person)
maxanьje (noun-from-verb)
maxati (infinitive)
maxatъ (supine)
maxalъ (l-participle)
maxanъ (participle passive past)
maxajemъ (participle passive present)
maxavъ (active participle past)
maxaję (active participle present)
maxaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
maxa (aorist second-person singular)
maxa (aorist singular third-person)
maxajǫ (first-person present singular)
maxaješi (present second-person singular)
maxajetь (present singular third-person)
maxaxově (aorist dual first-person)
maxasta (aorist dual second-person)
maxaste (aorist dual third-person)
maxajevě (dual first-person present)
maxajeta (dual present second-person)
maxajete (dual present third-person)
maxaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
maxaste (aorist plural second-person)
maxašę (aorist plural third-person)
maxajemъ (first-person plural present)
maxajete (plural present second-person)
maxajǫtь (plural present third-person)
maxaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
maxaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
maxaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
maxaji (imperative second-person singular)
maxaji (imperative singular third-person)
maxaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
maxaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
maxaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
maxajivě (dual first-person imperative)
maxajita (dual imperative second-person)
maxaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
maxaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
maxaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
maxajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
maxajite (imperative plural second-person)

Church Slavonic: махати (maxati)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: махати (maxati)

Belarusian: маха́ць (maxácʹ)

Russian: маха́ть (maxátʹ)

Ukrainian: маха́ти (maxáty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ма́хам (máham)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ма́хати

Latin script: máhati

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: máhati, maháti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: máchati

Czech: máchat

Old Polish: machać

Polish: machać

Slovak: máchať

Slovincian: machac

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: machać

Lower Sorbian: machaś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *māˀs-, from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂s-, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)meh₂- (“to beckon”). Baltic cognates include Lithuanian mosúoti (“to wave”). See *majati (“to wave, to beckon”) for more.


majati

màjati (canonical imperfective)
manǫti (perfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
majanьje (noun-from-verb)
majati (infinitive)
majatъ (supine)
majalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
majanъ (participle passive past)
majemъ (participle passive present)
majavъ (active participle past)
maję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
majaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
maja (aorist second-person singular)
maja (aorist singular third-person)
majǫ (first-person present singular)
maješi (present second-person singular)
majetь (present singular third-person)
majaxově (aorist dual first-person)
majasta (aorist dual second-person)
majaste (aorist dual third-person)
majevě (dual first-person present)
majeta (dual present second-person)
majete (dual present third-person)
majaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
majaste (aorist plural second-person)
majašę (aorist plural third-person)
majemъ (first-person plural present)
majete (plural present second-person)
majǫtь (plural present third-person)
majaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
majaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
majaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
maji (imperative second-person singular)
maji (imperative singular third-person)
majaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
majaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
majaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
majivě (dual first-person imperative)
majita (dual imperative second-person)
majaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
majaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
majaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
majimъ (first-person imperative plural)
majite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: маꙗти (majati), помавати (pomavati)

Belarusian: ма́яць (májacʹ), мая́ць (majácʹ)

Russian: ма́ять (májatʹ); dialectal мавать (mavatʹ)

Ukrainian: ма́яти (májaty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: намаꙗти (namajati) (attested form намаꙗахѫ (namajaaxǫ, 3pl. impf.))

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: ма́я (mája)

Macedonian: мае (mae)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ма̏јати

Latin script: mȁjati

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: majáti, májati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mávati

Czech: mávat

Slovak: mávať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: mawaś

Polish: majdać, majtać

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *māˀ-, with *-j- (or *-v-) inserted to break hiatus. Cognate with Lithuanian móti (“to beckon”), 1sg. móju, Latvian mãt (“to beckon”), 1sg. mãju, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)meh₂-.
Pokorny (and hence Vasmer) separates the meanings "to detain, to exhaust" found among some daughter languages into a separate, homophonous root *majati derived from Proto-Indo-European *meh₃- and cognate with Old High German muoan (“to alarm, to worry”), muodi (“tired”) (modern German müde), Gothic 𐌰𐍆𐌼𐌰𐌿𐌹𐌸𐍃 (afmauiþs, “tired”), Ancient Greek μῶλος (môlos, “burden, labor”), μώλυς (mṓlus, “weakened, exhausted, stupid”), Latin mōlēs (“heaviness, weight”). Derksen prefers to keep all meanings together under Proto-Indo-European *(s)meh₂-.
See also *māxàti, *mamiti for further discussion.

cog

to detain, to dawdle (regionally, see Etymology)


smьrděti

smьrdě̀ti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
smьrděnьje (noun-from-verb)
smьrděti (infinitive)
smьrdětъ (supine)
smьrdělъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
smьrděvъ (active participle past)
smьrdę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
smьrděxъ (aorist first-person singular)
smьrdě (aorist second-person singular)
smьrdě (aorist singular third-person)
smьrďǫ (first-person present singular)
smьrdiši (present second-person singular)
smьrditь (present singular third-person)
smьrděxově (aorist dual first-person)
smьrděsta (aorist dual second-person)
smьrděste (aorist dual third-person)
smьrdivě (dual first-person present)
smьrdita (dual present second-person)
smьrdite (dual present third-person)
smьrděxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
smьrděste (aorist plural second-person)
smьrděšę (aorist plural third-person)
smьrdimъ (first-person plural present)
smьrdite (plural present second-person)
smьrdętь (plural present third-person)
smьrděaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
smьrděaše (imperfect second-person singular)
smьrděaše (imperfect singular third-person)
smьrdi (imperative second-person singular)
smьrdi (imperative singular third-person)
smьrděaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
smьrděašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
smьrděašete (dual imperfect third-person)
smьrdivě (dual first-person imperative)
smьrdita (dual imperative second-person)
smьrděaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
smьrděašete (imperfect plural second-person)
smьrděaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
smьrdimъ (first-person imperative plural)
smьrdite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: смьрдѣти (smĭrděti)

Belarusian: смярдзе́ць (smjardzjécʹ)

Russian: смерде́ть (smerdétʹ)

Ukrainian: смерді́ти (smerdíty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: смрьдѣти (smrĭděti)

Glagolitic: ⱄⰿⱃⱐⰴⱑⱅⰻ (smrĭděti)

Bulgarian: смърдя́ (smǎrdjá)

Macedonian: смрди (smrdi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: смр̀дети, смр̀дјети, смр̀дити

Latin script: smr̀deti, smr̀djeti, smr̀diti

Slovene: smrdẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: smrděti

Czech: smrdět

Polabian: smardĕt

Old Polish: śmierdzieć

Polish: śmierdzieć

Slovak: smrdieť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: smjerdźić

Lower Sorbian: smjerźiś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *smirˀdḗˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)merd-.


stignǫti

stìgnǫti (canonical)
a (accent-paradigm)
stignovenьje (noun-from-verb)
stignǫti (infinitive)
stignǫtъ (supine)
stignǫlъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
stignovenъ (participle passive past)
stignomъ (participle passive present)
stignǫvъ (active participle past)
stigny (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
stignǫxъ (aorist first-person singular)
stignǫ (aorist second-person singular)
stignǫ (aorist singular third-person)
stignǫ (first-person present singular)
stigneši (present second-person singular)
stignetь (present singular third-person)
stignǫxově (aorist dual first-person)
stignǫsta (aorist dual second-person)
stignǫste (aorist dual third-person)
stignevě (dual first-person present)
stigneta (dual present second-person)
stignete (dual present third-person)
stignǫxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
stignǫste (aorist plural second-person)
stignǫšę (aorist plural third-person)
stignemъ (first-person plural present)
stignete (plural present second-person)
stignǫtь (plural present third-person)
stigněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
stigněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
stigněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
stigni (imperative second-person singular)
stigni (imperative singular third-person)
stigněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
stigněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
stigněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
stigněvě (dual first-person imperative)
stigněta (dual imperative second-person)
stigněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
stigněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
stigněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
stigněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
stigněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: -стигнꙋти (-stignuti), e.g. достигнꙋти (dostignuti)

Russian: -сти́гнуть (-stígnutʹ), e.g. пости́гнуть (postígnutʹ)

Ukrainian: сти́гнути (stýhnuty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: -стигнѫти (-stignǫti), e.g. постигнѫти (postignǫti)

Glagolitic: ⱂⱁⱄⱅⰻⰳⱀⱘⱅⰻ (postignǫti)

Bulgarian: сти́гна (stígna)

Macedonian: сти́гне (stígne)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сти̏гнути

Latin: stȉgnuti

Slovene: stígniti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: stihnúti

Czech: stihnout

Old Polish: ścignąć

Polish: ścignąć (dated)

desc

Slovak: stihnúť (“to catch up with, to overtake”)

From Proto-Indo-European *steygʰ-. Cognate with Lithuanian steĩgti (“to found, to produce”), steĩgtis (“to hurry up, to try”), 1sg. steigiúos, Latvian stèigt (“to hurry”), 1sg. stèidzu, Sanskrit स्तिघ्नोति (stighnóti, “to rise”), Ancient Greek στείχω (steíkhō, “to walk, to march”), Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽 (steigan, “to climb”), Old Irish tíagaim (“to walk, to go”), Albanian shteg (“path”).

postignǫti

to achieve, to accomplish; to comprehend


smordъ

smȏrdъ (canonical masculine)
smordъ (nominative singular)
smorda (dual nominative)
smordi (nominative plural)
smorda (genitive singular)
smordu (dual genitive)
smordъ (genitive plural)
smordu (dative singular)
smordoma (dative dual)
smordomъ (dative plural)
smordъ (accusative singular)
smorda (accusative dual)
smordy (accusative plural)
smordъmь (instrumental singular)
smordomь (instrumental singular)
smordoma (dual instrumental)
smordy (instrumental plural)
smordě (locative singular)
smordu (dual locative)
smorděxъ (locative plural)
smorde (singular vocative)
smorda (dual vocative)
smordi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: смородъ (smorodŭ)

desc

Belarusian: смо́рад (smórad), смуро́д (smuród)

Russian: смо́род (smórod) (obsolete)

Ukrainian: смо́рід (smórid)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: смрадъ (smradŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⰿⱃⰰⰴⱏ (smradŭ)

Bulgarian: смрад (smrad)

Macedonian: смрдеа (smrdea), смрад (smrad)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: смра̑д

Latin script: smrȃd

Slovene: smrȃd (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: smrad

Czech: smrad

Polabian: smord

Old Polish: smród

Polish: smród

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: smard

Old Slovak:

Pannonian Rusyn: смрод (smrod)

Slovak: smrad

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: smród

Lower Sorbian: smrod

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *smarˀdas, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)merd-.
Cognate with Latvian smards, Lithuanian smardas, Ukrainian сморід (smorid), Latin merda (“dung, excrement, shit”).


mižati

mižanьje (noun-from-verb)
mižati (infinitive)
mižatъ (supine)
mižalъ (l-participle)
mižavъ (active participle past)
mižę (active participle present)
mižaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
miža (aorist second-person singular)
miža (aorist singular third-person)
mižǫ (first-person present singular)
mižiši (present second-person singular)
mižitь (present singular third-person)
mižaxově (aorist dual first-person)
mižasta (aorist dual second-person)
mižaste (aorist dual third-person)
miživě (dual first-person present)
mižita (dual present second-person)
mižite (dual present third-person)
mižaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mižaste (aorist plural second-person)
mižašę (aorist plural third-person)
mižimъ (first-person plural present)
mižite (plural present second-person)
mižętь (plural present third-person)
mižaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mižaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mižaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
miži (imperative second-person singular)
miži (imperative singular third-person)
mižaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mižaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mižaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
miživě (dual first-person imperative)
mižita (dual imperative second-person)
mižaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mižaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mižaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mižimъ (first-person imperative plural)
mižite (imperative plural second-person)
mižanьje (noun-from-verb)
mižati (infinitive)
mižatъ (supine)
mižalъ (l-participle)
mižavъ (active participle past)
mižaję (active participle present)
mižaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
miža (aorist second-person singular)
miža (aorist singular third-person)
mižajǫ (first-person present singular)
mižaješi (present second-person singular)
mižajetь (present singular third-person)
mižaxově (aorist dual first-person)
mižasta (aorist dual second-person)
mižaste (aorist dual third-person)
mižajevě (dual first-person present)
mižajeta (dual present second-person)
mižajete (dual present third-person)
mižaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mižaste (aorist plural second-person)
mižašę (aorist plural third-person)
mižajemъ (first-person plural present)
mižajete (plural present second-person)
mižajǫtь (plural present third-person)
mižaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mižaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mižaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
mižaji (imperative second-person singular)
mižaji (imperative singular third-person)
mižaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mižaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mižaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mižajivě (dual first-person imperative)
mižajita (dual imperative second-person)
mižaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mižaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mižaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mižajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
mižajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: міжа́ць (mižácʹ, “drizzle”)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мижати (“urinate”), миждати (“drizzle”)

Latin: mìžati

West Slavic: —

From earlier *mizjati, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃meyǵʰya-, from *h₃meyǵʰ- (“to urinate”). Identical to Latin mēiō (“I urinate”).


kydnǫti

kydati (imperfective)
kydnovenьje (noun-from-verb)
kydnǫti (infinitive)
kydnǫtъ (supine)
kydnǫlъ (l-participle)
kydnovenъ (participle passive past)
kydnǫvъ (active participle past)
kydnǫxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kydnǫ (aorist second-person singular)
kydnǫ (aorist singular third-person)
kydnǫ (first-person present singular)
kydneši (present second-person singular)
kydnetь (present singular third-person)
kydnǫxově (aorist dual first-person)
kydnǫsta (aorist dual second-person)
kydnǫste (aorist dual third-person)
kydnevě (dual first-person present)
kydneta (dual present second-person)
kydnete (dual present third-person)
kydnǫxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kydnǫste (aorist plural second-person)
kydnǫšę (aorist plural third-person)
kydnemъ (first-person plural present)
kydnete (plural present second-person)
kydnǫtь (plural present third-person)
kydni (imperative second-person singular)
kydni (imperative singular third-person)
kydněvě (dual first-person imperative)
kydněta (dual imperative second-person)
kydněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
kydněte (imperative plural second-person)
kydenьje (noun-from-verb)
kydnǫti (infinitive)
kydnǫtъ (supine)
kydlъ (l-participle)
kydenъ (participle passive past)
kydъ (active participle past)
kydъ (aorist first-person singular)
kydoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kyde (aorist second-person singular)
kyde (aorist singular third-person)
kydnǫ (first-person present singular)
kydneši (present second-person singular)
kydnetь (present singular third-person)
kydově (aorist dual first-person)
kydoxově (aorist dual first-person)
kydeta (aorist dual second-person)
kydosta (aorist dual second-person)
kydete (aorist dual third-person)
kydoste (aorist dual third-person)
kydnevě (dual first-person present)
kydneta (dual present second-person)
kydnete (dual present third-person)
kydomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kydoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kydete (aorist plural second-person)
kydoste (aorist plural second-person)
kydǫ (aorist plural third-person)
kydošę (aorist plural third-person)
kydnemъ (first-person plural present)
kydnete (plural present second-person)
kydnǫtь (plural present third-person)
kydni (imperative second-person singular)
kydni (imperative singular third-person)
kydněvě (dual first-person imperative)
kydněta (dual imperative second-person)
kydněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
kydněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кꙑнꙋти (kynuti), кинꙋти (kinuti)

Belarusian: кі́нуць (kínucʹ)

Russian: ки́нуть (kínutʹ)

Ukrainian: ки́нути (kýnuty)

South Slavic:

Church Slavonic: кꙑнѫти (kynǫti)

Bulgarian: ки́на (kína) (dialectal)

Macedonian: кине (kine)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ки̏нути

Latin script: kȉnuti

Slovene: kíniti (tonal orthography) (obsolete)

West Slavic:

Czech: kydnout

Old Polish: kinąć

Polish: kinąć (obsolete)

Slovak: kydnúť

Slovincian: kjynõc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kinyć

Lower Sorbian: kinuś


kydati

kỳdati (canonical imperfective)
kydnǫti (perfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
kydanьje (noun-from-verb)
kydati (infinitive)
kydatъ (supine)
kydalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
kydanъ (participle passive past)
kydajemъ (participle passive present)
kydavъ (active participle past)
kydaję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
kydaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kyda (aorist second-person singular)
kyda (aorist singular third-person)
kydajǫ (first-person present singular)
kydaješi (present second-person singular)
kydajetь (present singular third-person)
kydaxově (aorist dual first-person)
kydasta (aorist dual second-person)
kydaste (aorist dual third-person)
kydajevě (dual first-person present)
kydajeta (dual present second-person)
kydajete (dual present third-person)
kydaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kydaste (aorist plural second-person)
kydašę (aorist plural third-person)
kydajemъ (first-person plural present)
kydajete (plural present second-person)
kydajǫtь (plural present third-person)
kydaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kydaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kydaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kydaji (imperative second-person singular)
kydaji (imperative singular third-person)
kydaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kydaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kydaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kydajivě (dual first-person imperative)
kydajita (dual imperative second-person)
kydaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kydaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kydaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kydajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kydajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кꙑдати (kydati), кидати (kidati)

Belarusian: кі́даць (kídacʹ)

Russian: кида́ть (kidátʹ)

Ukrainian: ки́дати (kýdaty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: искꙑдати (iskydati)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: ки́дам (kídam) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ки̏дати

Latin script: kȉdati

Slovene: kídati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: kydat

Old Polish: kidać

Polish: kidać (dialectal)

Slovak: kydať

Slovincian: kjidac

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kidać

Lower Sorbian: kidaś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kūˀdā́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewd-. Cognate with Sanskrit चोदति (códati, “to impel”), Old Norse skjóta (“to shoot, to shove”), English shoot, perhaps Albanian hedh (“to throw”). Per Derksen, the lengthened root vowel reflects Winter's law. Vasmer additionally includes Latvian kûdinât, kûdît (“to urge, to drive”), German hutzen (“to urge”), Sanskrit स्कुन्दते (skúndate, “to hurry”).


želati

želàti (canonical)
a (accent-paradigm)
želanьje (noun-from-verb)
želati (infinitive)
želatъ (supine)
želalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
želanъ (participle passive past)
želajemъ (participle passive present)
želavъ (active participle past)
želaję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
želaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
žela (aorist second-person singular)
žela (aorist singular third-person)
želajǫ (first-person present singular)
želaješi (present second-person singular)
želajetь (present singular third-person)
želaxově (aorist dual first-person)
želasta (aorist dual second-person)
želaste (aorist dual third-person)
želajevě (dual first-person present)
želajeta (dual present second-person)
želajete (dual present third-person)
želaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
želaste (aorist plural second-person)
želašę (aorist plural third-person)
želajemъ (first-person plural present)
želajete (plural present second-person)
želajǫtь (plural present third-person)
želaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
želaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
želaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
želaji (imperative second-person singular)
želaji (imperative singular third-person)
želaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
želaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
želaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
želajivě (dual first-person imperative)
želajita (dual imperative second-person)
želaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
želaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
želaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
želajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
želajite (imperative plural second-person)

Alternative form of *želěti (“to wish, to want”)


lьnǫti

lьpenьje (noun-from-verb)
lьnǫti (infinitive)
lьnǫtъ (supine)
lьplъ (l-participle)
lьpъ (active participle past)
lьny (active participle present)
lьpъ (aorist first-person singular)
lьpoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
lьpe (aorist second-person singular)
lьpe (aorist singular third-person)
lьnǫ (first-person present singular)
lьneši (present second-person singular)
lьnetь (present singular third-person)
lьpově (aorist dual first-person)
lьpoxově (aorist dual first-person)
lьpeta (aorist dual second-person)
lьposta (aorist dual second-person)
lьpete (aorist dual third-person)
lьposte (aorist dual third-person)
lьnevě (dual first-person present)
lьneta (dual present second-person)
lьnete (dual present third-person)
lьpomъ (aorist first-person plural)
lьpoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
lьpete (aorist plural second-person)
lьposte (aorist plural second-person)
lьpǫ (aorist plural third-person)
lьpošę (aorist plural third-person)
lьnemъ (first-person plural present)
lьnete (plural present second-person)
lьnǫtь (plural present third-person)
lьněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
lьněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
lьněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
lьni (imperative second-person singular)
lьni (imperative singular third-person)
lьněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
lьněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
lьněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
lьněvě (dual first-person imperative)
lьněta (dual imperative second-person)
lьněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
lьněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
lьněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
lьněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
lьněte (imperative plural second-person)
lьnovenьje (noun-from-verb)
lьnǫti (infinitive)
lьnǫtъ (supine)
lьnǫlъ (l-participle)
lьnǫvъ (active participle past)
lьny (active participle present)
lьnǫxъ (aorist first-person singular)
lьnǫ (aorist second-person singular)
lьnǫ (aorist singular third-person)
lьnǫ (first-person present singular)
lьneši (present second-person singular)
lьnetь (present singular third-person)
lьnǫxově (aorist dual first-person)
lьnǫsta (aorist dual second-person)
lьnǫste (aorist dual third-person)
lьnevě (dual first-person present)
lьneta (dual present second-person)
lьnete (dual present third-person)
lьnǫxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
lьnǫste (aorist plural second-person)
lьnǫšę (aorist plural third-person)
lьnemъ (first-person plural present)
lьnete (plural present second-person)
lьnǫtь (plural present third-person)
lьněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
lьněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
lьněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
lьni (imperative second-person singular)
lьni (imperative singular third-person)
lьněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
lьněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
lьněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
lьněvě (dual first-person imperative)
lьněta (dual imperative second-person)
lьněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
lьněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
lьněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
lьněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
lьněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: льнꙋти (lĭnuti)

Belarusian: ільну́ць (ilʹnúcʹ)

Russian: льнуть (lʹnutʹ)

Ukrainian: льну́ти (lʹnúty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

desc

Old Cyrillic script: прильнѫти (prilĭnǫti, “to stick”), 1sg. прильнѫ (prilĭnǫ)

Glagolitic script: [Term?]

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: прио̀нути

Latin script: priònuti

West Slavic:

Old Czech: lnúti, 1sg. lnu

Czech: lnout

Polish: lgnąć

Slovincian: lnõc

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *lip- + Proto-Slavic *-nǫti, from Proto-Indo-European *leyp-.
Cognate with Lithuanian lìpti (“to stick”) (1sg. limpù), Latvian lipt (“to stick”), Sanskrit लिम्पति (limpáti, “to smear”), Ancient Greek λιπαίνω (lipaínō, “to oil”), Hittite [script needed] (lip-, “to smear”). Pokorny also links various other words with less obvious semantic connection, e.g. Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bilaibjan, “to leave, to abandon”), English leave, English live, Latin lippus (“festering”). See also *lěpiti.


pьlzati

pь̀lzati (canonical imperfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
pьlzanьje (noun-from-verb)
pьlzati (infinitive)
pьlzatъ (supine)
pьlzalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
pьlzavъ (active participle past)
pelžę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
pьlzaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
pьlza (aorist second-person singular)
pьlza (aorist singular third-person)
pelžǫ (first-person present singular)
pelžeši (present second-person singular)
pelžetь (present singular third-person)
pьlzaxově (aorist dual first-person)
pьlzasta (aorist dual second-person)
pьlzaste (aorist dual third-person)
pelževě (dual first-person present)
pelžeta (dual present second-person)
pelžete (dual present third-person)
pьlzaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pьlzaste (aorist plural second-person)
pьlzašę (aorist plural third-person)
pelžemъ (first-person plural present)
pelžete (plural present second-person)
pelžǫtь (plural present third-person)
pьlzaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pьlzaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pьlzaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pelži (imperative second-person singular)
pelži (imperative singular third-person)
pьlzaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pьlzaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pьlzaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pelživě (dual first-person imperative)
pelžita (dual imperative second-person)
pьlzaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pьlzaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pьlzaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pelžimъ (first-person imperative plural)
pelžite (imperative plural second-person)
pьlzanьje (noun-from-verb)
pьlzati (infinitive)
pьlzatъ (supine)
pьlzalъ (l-participle)
pьlzavъ (active participle past)
pьlzaję (active participle present)
pьlzaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
pьlza (aorist second-person singular)
pьlza (aorist singular third-person)
pьlzajǫ (first-person present singular)
pьlzaješi (present second-person singular)
pьlzajetь (present singular third-person)
pьlzaxově (aorist dual first-person)
pьlzasta (aorist dual second-person)
pьlzaste (aorist dual third-person)
pьlzajevě (dual first-person present)
pьlzajeta (dual present second-person)
pьlzajete (dual present third-person)
pьlzaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pьlzaste (aorist plural second-person)
pьlzašę (aorist plural third-person)
pьlzajemъ (first-person plural present)
pьlzajete (plural present second-person)
pьlzajǫtь (plural present third-person)
pьlzaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
pьlzaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
pьlzaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
pьlzaji (imperative second-person singular)
pьlzaji (imperative singular third-person)
pьlzaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
pьlzaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
pьlzaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pьlzajivě (dual first-person imperative)
pьlzajita (dual imperative second-person)
pьlzaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
pьlzaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
pьlzaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pьlzajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
pьlzajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: пълзати (pŭlzati)

Belarusian: по́ўзаць (póŭzacʹ)

Russian: по́лзать (pólzatʹ), 1sg. по́лзаю (pólzaju)

Ukrainian: по́взати (póvzaty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: пльзати (plĭzati)

Glagolitic: ⱂⰾⱐⰸⰰⱅⰻ (plĭzati)

Bulgarian: пълзя́ (pǎlzjá)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пу̏зати

Latin: pȕzati

Slovene: półzati (tonal orthography), 1sg. półzam (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Polish: pełzać

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pilźtei.
Per Derksen, we must reconstruct a Proto-Indo-European root *pelHǵʰ- with a laryngeal due to the Balto-Slavic acute on the root. Probably connected with *pȏlzъ (“sledge runner? reptile? plough sole? ("crawling thing")”); possibly connected with Old High German felga (“felly, harrow”). Chernykh notes the difficulties with this root but suggests a possible relationship with Proto-Slavic *polsà (“strip”), with an alternation between voiced and voiceless consonants sometimes observed in other roots.


puxnǫti

pušenьje (noun-from-verb)
puxnǫti (infinitive)
puxnǫtъ (supine)
puxlъ (l-participle)
puxъ (active participle past)
puxny (active participle present)
puxъ (aorist first-person singular)
puxoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
puše (aorist second-person singular)
puše (aorist singular third-person)
puxnǫ (first-person present singular)
puxneši (present second-person singular)
puxnetь (present singular third-person)
puxově (aorist dual first-person)
puxoxově (aorist dual first-person)
puxeta (aorist dual second-person)
puxosta (aorist dual second-person)
puxete (aorist dual third-person)
puxoste (aorist dual third-person)
puxnevě (dual first-person present)
puxneta (dual present second-person)
puxnete (dual present third-person)
puxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
puxoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
puxete (aorist plural second-person)
puxoste (aorist plural second-person)
puxǫ (aorist plural third-person)
puxošę (aorist plural third-person)
puxnemъ (first-person plural present)
puxnete (plural present second-person)
puxnǫtь (plural present third-person)
puxněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
puxněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
puxněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
puxni (imperative second-person singular)
puxni (imperative singular third-person)
puxněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
puxněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
puxněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
puxněvě (dual first-person imperative)
puxněta (dual imperative second-person)
puxněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
puxněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
puxněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
puxněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
puxněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: пꙋхнꙋти (puxnuti) (rare)

Belarusian: пу́хнуць (púxnucʹ)

Russian: пу́хнуть (púxnutʹ, “to swell”)

Ukrainian: пу́хнути (púxnuty)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: пу́хна (púhna, “to cover with smoke”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пу́хнути (“to blow”), 1sg. пу̑хне̄м

Latin: púhnuti (“to blow”), 1sg. pȗhnēm

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: púhniti (“to blow, to blast”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. pȗhnem (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: puchnout (“to swell”)

Polish: puchnąć (“to swell”)

Slovak: puchnúť (“to swell”)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: puchnyć (“to sweat”)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pauš- + Proto-Slavic *-nǫti, from Proto-Indo-European *pews-. Cognate with Lithuanian pũsti (“to blow”), 1sg. puciù, pùsti (“to inflate”), 1sg. puntù, pūslė̃ (“blister, bladder”), Norwegian føysa (“to swell”), Sanskrit पुष्यति (púṣyati, “to thrive”), Latin pustula (“bubble”), possibly Ancient Greek φῡσάω (phūsáō, “to snort”), φῦσα (phûsa, “bellows, bubble”), Old Armenian փուք (pʻukʻ, “breath”).


puxati

puxàti (canonical imperfective)
puxanьje (noun-from-verb)
puxati (infinitive)
puxatъ (supine)
puxalъ (l-participle)
puxanъ (participle passive past)
pušemъ (participle passive present)
puxavъ (active participle past)
pušę (active participle present)
puxaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
puxa (aorist second-person singular)
puxa (aorist singular third-person)
pušǫ (first-person present singular)
pušeši (present second-person singular)
pušetь (present singular third-person)
puxaxově (aorist dual first-person)
puxasta (aorist dual second-person)
puxaste (aorist dual third-person)
puševě (dual first-person present)
pušeta (dual present second-person)
pušete (dual present third-person)
puxaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
puxaste (aorist plural second-person)
puxašę (aorist plural third-person)
pušemъ (first-person plural present)
pušete (plural present second-person)
pušǫtь (plural present third-person)
puxaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
puxaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
puxaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
puši (imperative second-person singular)
puši (imperative singular third-person)
puxaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
puxaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
puxaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
pušivě (dual first-person imperative)
pušita (dual imperative second-person)
puxaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
puxaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
puxaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
pušimъ (first-person imperative plural)
pušite (imperative plural second-person)
puxanьje (noun-from-verb)
puxati (infinitive)
puxatъ (supine)
puxalъ (l-participle)
puxanъ (participle passive past)
puxajemъ (participle passive present)
puxavъ (active participle past)
puxaję (active participle present)
puxaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
puxa (aorist second-person singular)
puxa (aorist singular third-person)
puxajǫ (first-person present singular)
puxaješi (present second-person singular)
puxajetь (present singular third-person)
puxaxově (aorist dual first-person)
puxasta (aorist dual second-person)
puxaste (aorist dual third-person)
puxajevě (dual first-person present)
puxajeta (dual present second-person)
puxajete (dual present third-person)
puxaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
puxaste (aorist plural second-person)
puxašę (aorist plural third-person)
puxajemъ (first-person plural present)
puxajete (plural present second-person)
puxajǫtь (plural present third-person)
puxaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
puxaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
puxaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
puxaji (imperative second-person singular)
puxaji (imperative singular third-person)
puxaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
puxaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
puxaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
puxajivě (dual first-person imperative)
puxajita (dual imperative second-person)
puxaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
puxaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
puxaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
puxajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
puxajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Church Slavonic: пухати (puxati)

Bulgarian: пу́ша (púša)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пу́хати

Latin script: púhati

Slovene: pūhati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: puchati

Czech: napuchati, opuchati

Polish: puchać

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: puchać

Lower Sorbian: puchaś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pauš- + Proto-Slavic *-ati, from Proto-Indo-European *pews-. Cognate with Lithuanian pũsti (“to blow”), 1sg. puciù, pùsti (“to inflate”), 1sg. puntù, pūslė̃ (“blister, bladder”), Norwegian føysa (“to swell”), Sanskrit पुष्यति (púṣyati, “to thrive”), Latin pustula (“bubble”), possibly Ancient Greek φῡσάω (phūsáō, “to snort”), φῦσα (phûsa, “bellows, bubble”), Old Armenian փուք (pʻukʻ, “breath”).


gynǫti

gỳnǫti (canonical)
a (accent-paradigm)
gybenьje (noun-from-verb)
gynǫti (infinitive)
gynǫtъ (supine)
gyblъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
gybenъ (participle passive past)
gynomъ (participle passive present)
gybъ (active participle past)
gyny (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
gybъ (aorist first-person singular)
gyboxъ (aorist first-person singular)
gybe (aorist second-person singular)
gybe (aorist singular third-person)
gynǫ (first-person present singular)
gyneši (present second-person singular)
gynetь (present singular third-person)
gybově (aorist dual first-person)
gyboxově (aorist dual first-person)
gybeta (aorist dual second-person)
gybosta (aorist dual second-person)
gybete (aorist dual third-person)
gyboste (aorist dual third-person)
gynevě (dual first-person present)
gyneta (dual present second-person)
gynete (dual present third-person)
gybomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gyboxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gybete (aorist plural second-person)
gyboste (aorist plural second-person)
gybǫ (aorist plural third-person)
gybošę (aorist plural third-person)
gynemъ (first-person plural present)
gynete (plural present second-person)
gynǫtь (plural present third-person)
gyněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gyněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gyněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gyni (imperative second-person singular)
gyni (imperative singular third-person)
gyněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gyněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gyněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gyněvě (dual first-person imperative)
gyněta (dual imperative second-person)
gyněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gyněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gyněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gyněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
gyněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: гꙑнꙋти (gynuti), гꙑбнꙋти (gybnuti)

Belarusian: гі́нуць (hínucʹ)

Russian: ги́бнуть (gíbnutʹ); low colloquial ги́нуть (gínutʹ)

Ukrainian: ги́нути (hýnuty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: гꙑбнѫти (gybnǫti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: ги́на (gína)

Macedonian: гине (gine), гибне (gibne)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ги̏нути

Latin script: gȉnuti

Slovene: gíniti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hynúti

Czech: hynout

Polabian: ďainǫt

Old Polish: ginąć

Polish: ginąć, archaic gibnąć

Slovak: hynúť

Slovincian: gjybnõc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: hinyć

Lower Sorbian: ginuś

Per Derksen, the root vowel stems from lengthening of the zero grade of Proto-Indo-European *gʰubʰ- from the root *gʰewbʰ-, with the addition of the Proto-Slavic suffix *-nǫti; the acute tone of the root is a secondary development, common in verbs ending in *-nǫti. Compare *gubìti (“to destroy”), the corresponding causative. Also cognate with *gъbnǫti (“to bend”). Other scholars reconstruct the PIE root differently from Derksen; see discussion under *gъbnǫti.


lěpiti

lěpìti (canonical)
b (accent-paradigm)
lěpľenьje (noun-from-verb)
lěpiti (infinitive)
lěpitъ (supine)
lěpilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
lěpľenъ (participle passive past)
lěpimъ (participle passive present)
lěpľь (active participle past)
lěpę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
lěpixъ (aorist first-person singular)
lěpi (aorist second-person singular)
lěpi (aorist singular third-person)
lěpľǫ (first-person present singular)
lěpiši (present second-person singular)
lěpitь (present singular third-person)
lěpixově (aorist dual first-person)
lěpista (aorist dual second-person)
lěpiste (aorist dual third-person)
lěpivě (dual first-person present)
lěpita (dual present second-person)
lěpite (dual present third-person)
lěpixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
lěpiste (aorist plural second-person)
lěpišę (aorist plural third-person)
lěpimъ (first-person plural present)
lěpite (plural present second-person)
lěpętь (plural present third-person)
lěpľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
lěpľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
lěpľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
lěpi (imperative second-person singular)
lěpi (imperative singular third-person)
lěpľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
lěpľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
lěpľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
lěpivě (dual first-person imperative)
lěpita (dual imperative second-person)
lěpľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
lěpľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
lěpľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
lěpimъ (first-person imperative plural)
lěpite (imperative plural second-person)
c (accent-paradigm)
lěpľenьje (noun-from-verb)
lěpiti (infinitive)
lěpitъ (supine)
lěpilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
lěpľenъ (participle passive past)
lěpimъ (participle passive present)
lěpľь (active participle past)
lěpę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
lěpixъ (aorist first-person singular)
lěpi (aorist second-person singular)
lěpi (aorist singular third-person)
lěpľǫ (first-person present singular)
lěpiši (present second-person singular)
lěpitь (present singular third-person)
lěpixově (aorist dual first-person)
lěpista (aorist dual second-person)
lěpiste (aorist dual third-person)
lěpivě (dual first-person present)
lěpita (dual present second-person)
lěpite (dual present third-person)
lěpixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
lěpiste (aorist plural second-person)
lěpišę (aorist plural third-person)
lěpimъ (first-person plural present)
lěpite (plural present second-person)
lěpętь (plural present third-person)
lěpľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
lěpľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
lěpľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
lěpi (imperative second-person singular)
lěpi (imperative singular third-person)
lěpľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
lěpľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
lěpľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
lěpivě (dual first-person imperative)
lěpita (dual imperative second-person)
lěpľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
lěpľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
lěpľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
lěpimъ (first-person imperative plural)
lěpite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: лѣпити (lěpiti), лѣпитисѧ

Belarusian: ляпи́ць (ljapícʹ)

Russian: лепи́ть (lepítʹ)

Ukrainian: ліпи́ти (lipýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: прилѣпити (prilěpiti)

Glagolitic script: [Term?]

Bulgarian: лепя́ (lepjá)

Macedonian: лепи (lepi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ле́пити

Latin script: lépiti

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: lepīti, lẹ́piti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: lepiti

Czech: lepit

Old Polish: lepić

Polish: lepić

Slovak: lepiť

Slovincian: lêpjic (“to glue”)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: lěpić

Lower Sorbian: lěpiś

Non-Slavic:

desc

→ Aromanian: alãchescu, alichescu, alãchiest

→ Romanian: lipi

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *laip-, from Proto-Indo-European *loyp-eye-, from *leyp-.
Cognate with Lithuanian lipìnti (“to glue, to stick”), láipioti (“to glue, to stick”) (dialectal), lìpti (“to stick”) (1sg. limpù), Latvian lipt (“to stick”), Sanskrit लेपयति (lepayati, “to smear”), लिम्पति (limpáti, “to smear”), Ancient Greek λιπαίνω (lipaínō, “to oil”), Hittite [script needed] (lip-, “to smear”). Pokorny also links various other words with less obvious semantic connection, e.g. Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bilaibjan, “to leave, to abandon”), English leave, English live, Latin lippus (“festering”). See also *lьnǫti.


dъxnǫti

dyšati (imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
dъšenьje (noun-from-verb)
dъxnǫti (infinitive)
dъxnǫtъ (supine)
dъxlъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
dъšenъ (participle passive past)
dъxnomъ (participle passive present)
dъxъ (active participle past)
dъxny (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
dъxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dъxoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dъše (aorist second-person singular)
dъše (aorist singular third-person)
dъxnǫ (first-person present singular)
dъxneši (present second-person singular)
dъxnetь (present singular third-person)
dъxově (aorist dual first-person)
dъxoxově (aorist dual first-person)
dъxeta (aorist dual second-person)
dъxosta (aorist dual second-person)
dъxete (aorist dual third-person)
dъxoste (aorist dual third-person)
dъxnevě (dual first-person present)
dъxneta (dual present second-person)
dъxnete (dual present third-person)
dъxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dъxoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dъxete (aorist plural second-person)
dъxoste (aorist plural second-person)
dъxǫ (aorist plural third-person)
dъxošę (aorist plural third-person)
dъxnemъ (first-person plural present)
dъxnete (plural present second-person)
dъxnǫtь (plural present third-person)
dъxněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dъxněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dъxněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dъxni (imperative second-person singular)
dъxni (imperative singular third-person)
dъxněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dъxněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dъxněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dъxněvě (dual first-person imperative)
dъxněta (dual imperative second-person)
dъxněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dъxněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dъxněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dъxněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
dъxněte (imperative plural second-person)
b (accent-paradigm)
dъxnovenьje (noun-from-verb)
dъxnǫti (infinitive)
dъxnǫtъ (supine)
dъxnǫlъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
dъxnovenъ (participle passive past)
dъxnomъ (participle passive present)
dъxnǫvъ (active participle past)
dъxny (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
dъxnǫxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dъxnǫ (aorist second-person singular)
dъxnǫ (aorist singular third-person)
dъxnǫ (first-person present singular)
dъxneši (present second-person singular)
dъxnetь (present singular third-person)
dъxnǫxově (aorist dual first-person)
dъxnǫsta (aorist dual second-person)
dъxnǫste (aorist dual third-person)
dъxnevě (dual first-person present)
dъxneta (dual present second-person)
dъxnete (dual present third-person)
dъxnǫxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dъxnǫste (aorist plural second-person)
dъxnǫšę (aorist plural third-person)
dъxnemъ (first-person plural present)
dъxnete (plural present second-person)
dъxnǫtь (plural present third-person)
dъxněaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dъxněaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dъxněaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dъxni (imperative second-person singular)
dъxni (imperative singular third-person)
dъxněaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dъxněašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dъxněašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dъxněvě (dual first-person imperative)
dъxněta (dual imperative second-person)
dъxněaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dъxněašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dъxněaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dъxněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
dъxněte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дъхнꙋти (dŭxnuti)

desc

Belarusian: до́хнуць (dóxnucʹ, “to croak, to die”)

Russian: дохну́ть (doxnútʹ, “to breathe, to blow”), до́хнуть (dóxnutʹ, “to croak, to die”)

Ukrainian: дохну́ти (doxnúty, “to sigh”), дхну́ти (dxnúty, “to breathe”), до́хнути (dóxnuty, “to croak, to die”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: дъхнѫти (dŭxnǫti)

Glagolitic: ⰄⰟⰘⰐⰨⰕⰋ (DŬXNǪTI)

Bulgarian: дъ́хна (dǎ́hna)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: да̀хнути

Latin script: dàhnuti

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: dəhníti, dáhniti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: dchnout, dechnout, tchnout

Polish: tchnąć

Kashubian: dchnąc, tchnąc

Slovak: dochnúť

From *dъxъ (“breath, sniff”) + *-nǫti, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰews-. Cognate with Lithuanian dùsti (“to suffocate”) (Eastern dialectal), dvė̃sti (“to breathe, to blow”), dūsė́ti (“to breathe heavily”), dūsúoti (“to breathe heavily”), dū́sauti (“to sigh”); Latvian dust (“to gasp”), dvèst (“to breathe heavily”); Gothic 𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍃 (dius, “wild animal”), English deer.


velьrybъ

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: велриба f

Latin script: velriba f

West Slavic:

Czech: velryba f

Polish: wieloryb m

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: wiôlgòrëba f

Slovak: veľryba f

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wjelryba f

Upper Sorbian: wjelryba f


gradъ

gràdъ (canonical masculine)
a (accent-paradigm)
gràdъ (nominative singular)
gràda (dual nominative)
gràdi (nominative plural)
gràda (genitive singular)
gràdu (dual genitive)
gràdъ (genitive plural)
gràdu (dative singular)
gràdoma (dative dual)
gràdomъ (dative plural)
gràdъ (accusative singular)
gràda (accusative dual)
gràdy (accusative plural)
gràdъmь (instrumental singular)
gràdomь (instrumental singular)
gràdoma (dual instrumental)
gràdȳ (instrumental plural)
gràdě (locative singular)
gràdu (dual locative)
gràdě̄xъ (locative plural)
gràde (singular vocative)
gràda (dual vocative)
gràdi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: градъ (gradŭ)

Belarusian: град (hrad)

Russian: град (grad)

Ukrainian: град (hrad)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: градъ (gradŭ)

Glagolitic: ⰳⱃⰰⰴⱏ (gradŭ)

Bulgarian: град (grad)

Macedonian: град (grad)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гра̏д

Latin script: grȁd

Slovene: grȁd (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hrad (“hail”)

Czech: hrady (“thundercloud”, pl.), dialectal hraď (“hail”)

Kashubian: grôd

Polabian: grod

Polish: grad

Slovak: hrad, hrád

Slovincian: grod

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: grad

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰreh₃d-. Cognate with Sanskrit ह्रादुनि (hrādúni, “hail(stone)”), Latin grandō (“hail”), Old Armenian կարկուտ (karkut, “hail”) < *ka-krut < *ga-grōdo-. Possibly cognate with Lithuanian grúodas (“frozen earth or mud”), although Derksen considers it more likely to be cognate instead with *grǫda, *gruda (“heap, lump”), Lithuanian grū́das (“corn”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrewd-.


ědro

South Slavic:

Macedonian: едро (edro)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: једро

Latin script: jedro

Slovene: jadro


kypěti

kypě̀ti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
kypěnьje (noun-from-verb)
kypěti (infinitive)
kypětъ (supine)
kypělъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
kypěvъ (active participle past)
kypę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
kypěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kypě (aorist second-person singular)
kypě (aorist singular third-person)
kypľǫ (first-person present singular)
kypiši (present second-person singular)
kypitь (present singular third-person)
kypěxově (aorist dual first-person)
kypěsta (aorist dual second-person)
kypěste (aorist dual third-person)
kypivě (dual first-person present)
kypita (dual present second-person)
kypite (dual present third-person)
kypěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kypěste (aorist plural second-person)
kypěšę (aorist plural third-person)
kypimъ (first-person plural present)
kypite (plural present second-person)
kypętь (plural present third-person)
kypěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kypěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kypěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kypi (imperative second-person singular)
kypi (imperative singular third-person)
kypěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kypěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kypěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kypivě (dual first-person imperative)
kypita (dual imperative second-person)
kypěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kypěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kypěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kypimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kypite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: кипѣти (kipěti), кꙑпѣти (kypěti)

Belarusian: кіпе́ць (kipjécʹ)

Russian: кипе́ть (kipétʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: кыпі́ти (kŷpíty)

Ukrainian: кипі́ти (kypíty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: кꙑпѣти (kypěti)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: кипя́ (kipjá)

Macedonian: кипи (kipi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ки́пјети

Latin script: kípjeti

Slovene: kipẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: czipiec

Old Czech: kypěti

Czech: kypět

Polabian: ťaipĕ (3sg.)

Old Polish: kipieć

Polish: kipieć

Slovak: kypieť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kipjeć

Lower Sorbian: kipjeś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kup-, from Proto-Indo-European *kwep- (“to smoke, to boil, to move”) (reconstructed as *kweh₁p- in Rix (LIV), but per Derksen the laryngeal is unnecessary). Cognate with Lithuanian kūpė́ti (“to boil over”), 1sg. kūpù, 3sg. kū̃pa, Latvian kupêt, kupôt (“to seethe”). Probably also cognate with Sanskrit कुप्यति (kúpyati, “to be angry, to boil with emotion”) and Latin cupiō (“to desire”). Vasmer and Chernykh also link Latvian kûpêt (“to smoke, to steam”) but per Derksen this belongs to a different Indo-European root *k(ʷ)h₂up-.


pečura

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: печу́рка (pečúrka)

Macedonian: печурка (pečurka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: печурка

Latin script: pečurka

East Slavic:

→ Russian: печу́ра (pečúra)

South Slavic dialectal *pek- (“to bake, to roast”) + *-eu̯ra. Compare East and West Slavic cognate *pečěra.

edible agaric, champignon (mushroom consumed mainly roasted and dried)


želěti

a (accent-paradigm)
želěnьje (noun-from-verb)
želěti (infinitive)
želětъ (supine)
želělъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
želěnъ (participle passive past)
želějemъ (participle passive present)
želěvъ (active participle past)
želěję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
želěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
želě (aorist second-person singular)
želě (aorist singular third-person)
želějǫ (first-person present singular)
želěješi (present second-person singular)
želějetь (present singular third-person)
želěxově (aorist dual first-person)
želěsta (aorist dual second-person)
želěste (aorist dual third-person)
želějevě (dual first-person present)
želějeta (dual present second-person)
želějete (dual present third-person)
želěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
želěste (aorist plural second-person)
želěšę (aorist plural third-person)
želějemъ (first-person plural present)
želějete (plural present second-person)
želějǫtь (plural present third-person)
želěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
želěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
želěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
želěji (imperative second-person singular)
želěji (imperative singular third-person)
želěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
želěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
želěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
želějivě (dual first-person imperative)
želějita (dual imperative second-person)
želěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
želěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
želěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
želějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
želějite (imperative plural second-person)

Church Slavonic: желѣти (želěti, “to regret, to grieve”) (Russian)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: жeлѣти (želěti)

Old Ruthenian: жалѣ́ти (žalě́ti)

Ukrainian: жалі́ти (žalíty)

Russian: жале́ть (žalétʹ)

South Slavic:

i

re-shaped under the influence of <i class="Latn mention" lang="sla-pro">*žalь</i>

Bulgarian: желе́я (želéja) (dialectal), жале́я (žaléja) (standard, re-shaped under the influence of *žalь)

West Slavic:

desctree

Old Czech: žěleti
Czech: želet
→ Old Polish: żeleć

Slovak: želeť

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH-. Baltic cognates include Lithuanian gėlà (“acute pain”), gélti (“to hurt sharply, to sting”), gìlti (“to become sick”), 1sg. gìlstu, gilaũ (?), Latvian dzel̂t (“to stab”). Indo-European cognates include Old High German quāla (“violent death”), quelan (“to feel a sharp pain”), Old Saxon quāla (“pain, torture”), Old English cwelan (“to die”), English quell, Old Armenian կեղեմ (kełem, “to torment”), Old Armenian կեղ (keł, “sore, ulcer”). Possibly cognate with Ancient Greek βελόνη (belónē, “blade, nail”).


želěti

c? (accent-paradigm)
želěnьje (noun-from-verb)
želěti (infinitive)
želětъ (supine)
želělъ (l-participle)
c? (accent-paradigm)
želěnъ (participle passive past)
želimъ (participle passive present)
želěvъ (active participle past)
želę (active participle present)
c? (accent-paradigm)
želěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
želě (aorist second-person singular)
želě (aorist singular third-person)
žeľǫ (first-person present singular)
želiši (present second-person singular)
želitь (present singular third-person)
želěxově (aorist dual first-person)
želěsta (aorist dual second-person)
želěste (aorist dual third-person)
želivě (dual first-person present)
želita (dual present second-person)
želite (dual present third-person)
želěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
želěste (aorist plural second-person)
želěšę (aorist plural third-person)
želimъ (first-person plural present)
želite (plural present second-person)
želętь (plural present third-person)
želěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
želěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
želěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
želi (imperative second-person singular)
želi (imperative singular third-person)
želěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
želěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
želěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
želivě (dual first-person imperative)
želita (dual imperative second-person)
želěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
želěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
želěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
želimъ (first-person imperative plural)
želite (imperative plural second-person)
c? (accent-paradigm)
želěnьje (noun-from-verb)
želěti (infinitive)
želětъ (supine)
želělъ (l-participle)
c? (accent-paradigm)
želěnъ (participle passive past)
želějemъ (participle passive present)
želěvъ (active participle past)
želěję (active participle present)
c? (accent-paradigm)
želěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
želě (aorist second-person singular)
želě (aorist singular third-person)
želějǫ (first-person present singular)
želěješi (present second-person singular)
želějetь (present singular third-person)
želěxově (aorist dual first-person)
želěsta (aorist dual second-person)
želěste (aorist dual third-person)
želějevě (dual first-person present)
želějeta (dual present second-person)
želějete (dual present third-person)
želěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
želěste (aorist plural second-person)
želěšę (aorist plural third-person)
želějemъ (first-person plural present)
želějete (plural present second-person)
želějǫtь (plural present third-person)
želěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
želěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
želěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
želěji (imperative second-person singular)
želěji (imperative singular third-person)
želěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
želěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
želěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
želějivě (dual first-person imperative)
želějita (dual imperative second-person)
želěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
želěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
želěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
želějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
želějite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: желати (želati), 1sg. желаю (želaju); literary желѣти (želěti), 1sg. желю (želju), желѣю (želěju)

Russian: жела́ть (želátʹ), 1sg. жела́ю (želáju)

Ukrainian: жела́ти (želáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: желѣти (želěti), 1sg. желѣѭ (želějǫ); желати (želati), 1sg. желаѭ (želajǫ)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: жела́я (želája)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жѐљети, 1sg. жѐлӣм

Latin: žèljeti, 1sg. žèlīm

Slovene: želẹ́ti (tonal orthography), 1sg. želím (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: želeti, 1sg. želeji

Slovak: želieť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: želić

From Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)gʷʰel-. Cognate with Ancient Greek θέλω (thélō, “to wish, to want”). Per Chernykh also cognate with Old Norse gilja (“to lure, to seduce, to tempt”).


motyľь

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *мотꙑль (*motylĭ)

Old Ruthenian: моты́ль (motýlʹ)

Belarusian: маты́ль (matýlʹ); мо́тыль (mótylʹ) (dialectal)

Carpathian Rusyn: моты́ль (motŷ́lʹ)

desc

Ukrainian: моти́ль (motýlʹ); мати́ль (matýlʹ), моті́ль (motílʹ) (dialectal)

Russian: моты́ль (motýlʹ)

South Slavic:

Slovene: metulj

West Slavic:

Old Czech: motýl

Czech: motýl; motiľ, motyľa f, motyla f, motyľ (dialectal)

Old Polish: motyl

Polish: motyl; motyͤl, mᵘ̯otyl (dialectal)

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: mòtil

Slovak: motýľ


mačьka

mačьka (nominative singular)
mačьcě (dual nominative)
mačьky (nominative plural)
mačьky (genitive singular)
mačьku (dual genitive)
mačьkъ (genitive plural)
mačьcě (dative singular)
mačьkama (dative dual)
mačьkamъ (dative plural)
mačьkǫ (accusative singular)
mačьcě (accusative dual)
mačьky (accusative plural)
mačьkojǫ (instrumental singular)
mačьkǫ (instrumental singular)
mačьkama (dual instrumental)
mačьkami (instrumental plural)
mačьcě (locative singular)
mačьku (dual locative)
mačьkasъ (locative plural)
mačьkaxъ (locative plural)
mačьko (singular vocative)
mačьcě (dual vocative)
mačьky (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Carpathian Rusyn: ма́чка (máčka)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: мацка (macka)

Macedonian: мачка (mačka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ма̏чка

Latin script: mȁčka

Slovene: mȃčka

West Slavic:

Czech: mačka

Old Slovak: mačka

Pannonian Rusyn: мачка (mačka)

Slovak: mačka

Non-Slavic:

→ Hungarian: macska

Most likely from *maca (“pussycat, kitty”) + *-ьka (diminutive suffix); however, note that *maca is only attested in South Slavic. Possibly it used to have a wider distribution. Alternatively perhaps from the same onomatopeic form that gave rise to *maca independently suffixed with *-ьka; compare Serbo-Croatian mac (“utterance used to summon cats”).


veťь

vȅťь (canonical feminine)
c (accent-paradigm)
vȅťь (nominative singular)
vȅťi (dual nominative)
vȅťi (nominative plural)
veťí (genitive singular)
veťьjù (dual genitive)
veťь̀jь (genitive plural)
vȅťi (dative singular)
veťьmà (dative dual)
vȅťьmъ (dative plural)
vȅťь (accusative singular)
vȅťi (accusative dual)
vȅťi (accusative plural)
veťьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
veťьmà (dual instrumental)
veťьmì (instrumental plural)
veťí (locative singular)
veťьjù (dual locative)
vȅťьxъ (locative plural)
veťi (singular vocative)
vȅťi (dual vocative)
vȅťi (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

desctree

Old Cyrillic script: вещь (veštĭ)
Bulgarian: вещ (vešt)
→ Old East Slavic: вещь (veščĭ)
Russian: вещь (veščʹ)
→ Armenian: վեշ (veš)
→ Azerbaijani: veş
→ Georgian: ვეში (veši)
→ Kildin Sami: ве̄шшь (viešš’)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: věc

Czech: věc

Bohemian (Chod dialect): věc

Kashubian: wiec

Polish: wiec

Slovak: vec

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wěc

Lower Sorbian: wěc

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wektís, from Proto-Indo-European *wékʷ-ti-s ~ *ukʷ-téy-s, from *wekʷ- (“to speak”).


gorxъ

gòrxъ (canonical masculine)
a (accent-paradigm)
gòrxъ (nominative singular)
gòrxa (dual nominative)
gòrśi (nominative plural)
gòrxa (genitive singular)
gòrxu (dual genitive)
gòrxъ (genitive plural)
gòrxu (dative singular)
gòrxoma (dative dual)
gòrxomъ (dative plural)
gòrxъ (accusative singular)
gòrxa (accusative dual)
gòrxy (accusative plural)
gòrxъmь (instrumental singular)
gòrxomь (instrumental singular)
gòrxoma (dual instrumental)
gòrxȳ (instrumental plural)
gòrśě (locative singular)
gòrxu (dual locative)
gòrśě̄xъ (locative plural)
gòrše (singular vocative)
gòrxa (dual vocative)
gòrśi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: горохъ (goroxŭ)
Old Ruthenian: горо́хъ (horóx)
Belarusian: гаро́х (haróx)
Carpathian Rusyn: горо́х (horóx)
Ukrainian: горо́х (horóx), го́рох (hórox) (dialectal)
Russian: горо́х (goróx)

Old Novgorodian: горохъ (goroxŭ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: грах (grah)

desc

Macedonian: грав (grav), грашок (grašok)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гра̏х, гра́шак

Latin script: grȁh, grášak

Slovene: grȁh (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: groch

Lower Sorbian: groch

Old Czech: hrách
Czech: hrách

desctree

Old Polish: groch
Polish: groch
Silesian: groch

Polabian: gorx

Slovak: hrach, hrášok

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *garšas. Cognate with Latvian gārša, Lithuanian garšvà, gar̃šas.


gǫsli

gǫ̀sli (canonical feminine plural)
gǫsli (nominative plural)
gǫslьjь (genitive plural)
gǫslьmъ (dative plural)
gǫsli (accusative plural)
gǫslьmi (instrumental plural)
gǫslьxъ (locative plural)
gǫsli (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гусли (gusli)

Belarusian: гу́слі (húsli)

Russian: гу́сли (gúsli)

Carpathian Rusyn: гу́слї (húslji)

Ukrainian: гу́слі (húsli)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: гѫсли (gǫsli)

Bulgarian: гу́сла (gúsla)

Macedonian: гусла (gusla)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гу̏сле

Latin script: gȕsle

West Slavic:

Czech: housle

Polish: gęśle

Slovak: husle

From *gǫsti + *-slь. Compare Lithuanian kañklės pl (“kanklės?”) and also Finnish kannel, kantele, Karelian kandelen, Veps kandel, Livonian kandla.

gusle, gusli (a type of violin-like stringed musical instrument)


grǫdь

grǫ̑dь (canonical feminine)
c (accent-paradigm)
grǫ̑dь (nominative singular)
grǫ̑di (dual nominative)
grǫ̑di (nominative plural)
grǫdí (genitive singular)
grǫdьjù (dual genitive)
grǫdь̀jь (genitive plural)
grǫ̑di (dative singular)
grǫdьmà (dative dual)
grǫ̑dьmъ (dative plural)
grǫ̑dь (accusative singular)
grǫ̑di (accusative dual)
grǫ̑di (accusative plural)
grǫdьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
grǫdьmà (dual instrumental)
grǫdьmì (instrumental plural)
grǫdí (locative singular)
grǫdьjù (dual locative)
grǫ̑dьxъ (locative plural)
grǫdi (singular vocative)
grǫ̑di (dual vocative)
grǫ̑di (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: гру́дзі (hrúdzi)

Russian: грудь (grudʹ)

Ukrainian: гру́ди (hrúdy)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: гръд (grǎd), гръ́нди pl (grǎ́ndi) (dialectal)

Macedonian: гради (gradi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: груди

Latin script: grudi

Slovene: grọ̑d (tonal orthography) (obsolete)

West Slavic:

Czech: hruď

desctree

Old Polish: grędzi
Polish: grędź (rare, obsolete)

Slovak: hruď

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *grandis, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰrondʰ-i-s, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰrendʰ-. Probably related to *grùda (“heap, lump”).


gribъ

grĩbъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
grĩbъ (nominative singular)
grībà (dual nominative)
grībì (nominative plural)
grībà (genitive singular)
grībù (dual genitive)
grĩbъ (genitive plural)
grībù (dative singular)
grībòma (dative dual)
grībòmъ (dative plural)
grĩbъ (accusative singular)
grībà (accusative dual)
grībỳ (accusative plural)
grībъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
grībòmь (instrumental singular)
grībòma (dual instrumental)
grĩby (instrumental plural)
grībě̀ (locative singular)
grībù (dual locative)
grĩběxъ (locative plural)
gribe (singular vocative)
grībà (dual vocative)
grībì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old Ruthenian: грибъ (hrib), грыбъ (hryb)

desctree

Belarusian: грыб (hryb)
→ Lithuanian: grỹbas

Ukrainian: гриб (hryb)
→ Romanian: hrib

Russian: гриб (grib), грибъ (grib) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Livvi: griba

South Slavic:

Kajkavian Serbo-Croatian: grȋb (obsolete)

Slovene: grȋb (tonal orthography) (obsolete)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hřib

Czech: hřib

Kashubian: grzib

Polabian: graib

Polish: grzyb

Silesian: grzib

Slovak: hríb

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: grib

Upper Sorbian: hrib

* Possibly a derivation of *gribati (“to scrape, to dig”), which is an intensive form of *greti (“to dig, to grave”). The semantic shift can be explained by the resemblance of a mushroom to a dug-out lump.
* Alternatively a variant of *glibъ (“mud, silt, slime”) with a sound change *l > *r that is rare in Slavic, from Proto-Indo-European *gleybʰ-os, see Proto-Indo-European *gleybʰ-, from Proto-Indo-European *gleh₁y-. Compare *gliva.


jьgъla

jьgъlà (canonical feminine)
c (accent-paradigm)
jьgъlà (nominative singular)
jь̏gъlě (dual nominative)
jь̏gъly (nominative plural)
jьgъlý (genitive singular)
jьgъlù (dual genitive)
jьgъ̀lъ (genitive plural)
jьgъlě̀ (dative singular)
jьgъlàma (dative dual)
jьgъlàmъ (dative plural)
jь̏gъlǫ (accusative singular)
jь̏gъlě (accusative dual)
jь̏gъly (accusative plural)
jьgъlojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
jьgъlàma (dual instrumental)
jьgъlàmi (instrumental plural)
jь̏gъlě (locative singular)
jьgъlù (dual locative)
jьgъlàsъ (locative plural)
jьgъlàxъ (locative plural)
jьgъlo (singular vocative)
jь̏gъlě (dual vocative)
jь̏gъly (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: игла (igla)

desc

Belarusian: ігла́ (ihlá), іго́лка (ihólka)

Russian: игла́ (iglá), иго́лка (igólka)

Carpathian Rusyn: ігла́ (ihlá)

Ukrainian: го́лка (hólka)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: игла (igla)

Bulgarian: игла (igla)

Macedonian: игла (igla)

Serbo-Croatian:

Štokavian:

Cyrillic script: ѝгла

Latin script: ìgla

Čakavian: jàgla

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: ȋgla, jègla (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: jegła

Old Czech: jehla

Czech: jehla

Polabian: jåglă

Polish: igła

Slovak: ihla

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: jehła, johła

Lower Sorbian: jegła, jogła, gła

*jьgo (“yoke”) + *-ъla. Compare Latin iugulum.

a needle for fastening, as a hairpin or as a part of a tack or yoke of a beast

needle
a sewing needle or knitting needle


glъtati

glъtanьje (noun-from-verb)
glъtati (infinitive)
glъtatъ (supine)
glъtalъ (l-participle)
glъtanъ (participle passive past)
glъtajemъ (participle passive present)
glъtavъ (active participle past)
glъtaję (active participle present)
glъtaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
glъta (aorist second-person singular)
glъta (aorist singular third-person)
glъtajǫ (first-person present singular)
glъtaješi (present second-person singular)
glъtajetь (present singular third-person)
glъtaxově (aorist dual first-person)
glъtasta (aorist dual second-person)
glъtaste (aorist dual third-person)
glъtajevě (dual first-person present)
glъtajeta (dual present second-person)
glъtajete (dual present third-person)
glъtaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
glъtaste (aorist plural second-person)
glъtašę (aorist plural third-person)
glъtajemъ (first-person plural present)
glъtajete (plural present second-person)
glъtajǫtь (plural present third-person)
glъtaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
glъtaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
glъtaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
glъtaji (imperative second-person singular)
glъtaji (imperative singular third-person)
glъtaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
glъtaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
glъtaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
glъtajivě (dual first-person imperative)
glъtajita (dual imperative second-person)
glъtaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
glъtaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
glъtaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
glъtajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
glъtajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: поглътити (poglŭtiti), глътати (glŭtati)

Belarusian: глыта́ць (hlytácʹ)

Russian: глота́ть (glotátʹ)

Ukrainian: глита́ти (hlytáty)

Carpathian Rusyn: ґылтати (gŷltaty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: гъ́лтам (gǎ́ltam)

Macedonian: голта (golta)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гу̀тати

Latin script: gùtati

Slovene: gołtáti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hltati

Czech: hltat

Old Polish: pogłytać

Polish: glutać (dialectal)

Slovak: hltať

Cognate with Latin gluttiō, glūtiō (“to devour”), more distantly with Old Armenian կլանեմ (klanem, “to devour”), Old Irish gelid (“to devour, to eat up”).
* Derksen: From Proto-Indo-European *glut-, from *glewt-.
* Chernykh: From Proto-Indo-European *gel- or *gʷel-.