kušati

kùšati (canonical imperfective)
kusnǫti (perfective)
a (accent-paradigm)
kušanьje (noun-from-verb)
kušati (infinitive)
kušatъ (supine)
kušalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
kušanъ (participle passive past)
kušajemъ (participle passive present)
kušavъ (active participle past)
kušaję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
kušaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
kuša (aorist second-person singular)
kuša (aorist singular third-person)
kušajǫ (first-person present singular)
kušaješi (present second-person singular)
kušajetь (present singular third-person)
kušaxově (aorist dual first-person)
kušasta (aorist dual second-person)
kušaste (aorist dual third-person)
kušajevě (dual first-person present)
kušajeta (dual present second-person)
kušajete (dual present third-person)
kušaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
kušaste (aorist plural second-person)
kušašę (aorist plural third-person)
kušajemъ (first-person plural present)
kušajete (plural present second-person)
kušajǫtь (plural present third-person)
kušaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
kušaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
kušaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kušaji (imperative second-person singular)
kušaji (imperative singular third-person)
kušaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
kušaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
kušaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
kušajivě (dual first-person imperative)
kušajita (dual imperative second-person)
kušaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
kušaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
kušaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
kušajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
kušajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кушати (kušati)

desc

Belarusian: ку́шаць (kúšacʹ), куша́цьца (kušácʹca)

Russian: ку́шать (kúšatʹ), куша́ться (kušátʹsja)

Ukrainian: ку́шати (kúšaty), куштува́ти (kuštuváty)

South Slavic:

⇒ Old Church Slavonic: въкоушати (vŭkušati)

Bulgarian: ку́шам (kúšam) (dialectal)

Macedonian: куша (kuša, “to babble”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ку̏шати

Latin script: kȕšati

Slovene: kúšati

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kušat

Czech: zkoušet

Old Polish: kuszać

Iterative of *kusiti (“to probe, to trail”) + *-jati, of Germanic origin, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵews- (“to test, try”). In Slavic languages where *ǫ > *u, *kušati has merged with native *kǫšati (“to bite off”) (from *kǫsъ (“bite”)).

der

→ (reflexive) (+ *sę) to have a meal, to eat


skočiti

skočìti (canonical perfective)
skakati (imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
skočenьje (noun-from-verb)
skočiti (infinitive)
skočitъ (supine)
skočilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
skočenъ (participle passive past)
skočь (active participle past)
b (accent-paradigm)
skočixъ (aorist first-person singular)
skoči (aorist second-person singular)
skoči (aorist singular third-person)
skočǫ (first-person present singular)
skočiši (present second-person singular)
skočitь (present singular third-person)
skočixově (aorist dual first-person)
skočista (aorist dual second-person)
skočiste (aorist dual third-person)
skočivě (dual first-person present)
skočita (dual present second-person)
skočite (dual present third-person)
skočixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
skočiste (aorist plural second-person)
skočišę (aorist plural third-person)
skočimъ (first-person plural present)
skočite (plural present second-person)
skočętь (plural present third-person)
skoči (imperative second-person singular)
skoči (imperative singular third-person)
skočivě (dual first-person imperative)
skočita (dual imperative second-person)
skočimъ (first-person imperative plural)
skočite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: скочити (skočiti)

Russian: -скочи́ть (-skočítʹ)

Ukrainian: скочи́ти (skočýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: скочити (skočiti)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⰽⱁⱍⰹⱅⰹ (skočiti)

Bulgarian: ско́ча (skóča)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ско̀чити

Latin script: skòčiti

Slovene: skočīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: skočiti

Czech: skočit

Polish: skoczyć

Slovak: skočiť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: skocyś

Upper Sorbian: skočić

From Proto-Indo-European *skok-eye-ti, from *skek-. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *skakaną.


orba

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: роба (roba)

Old Ruthenian: ро́ба (róba)

Belarusian: ро́ба (róba) (obsolete)

desc

Ukrainian: ро́ба (róba, “a hardworking woman”)

Old Novgorodian: роба (roba)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: раба (raba)

Glagolitic script: ⱃⰰⰱⰰ (raba)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: roba (“female servant or slave, wife”)

Czech: roba (“wife”) (dialectal)

Old Polish: roba (“female servant or slave, wife, disorderly woman, sow”)

Polish: roba (dialectal or obsolete)

Slovak: roba (dialectal)

feminine of *orbъ: female servant, female slave


vy-

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вꙑ- (vy-)

Old Ruthenian: вы- (vy-)

Belarusian: вы- (vy-)

Ukrainian: ви- (vy-)

Russian: вы- (vy-)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: вꙑ- (vy-)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⱏⰹ- (vy-)

West Slavic:

Czech: vy-

Polabian: voi-

Polish: wy-

Old Slovak: vy-

Pannonian Rusyn: ви- (vi-)

Slovak: vy-

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: wë-

Slovincian: wë-

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wu-

Lower Sorbian: wu-

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ū́, from Proto-Indo-European *úd. The *y < *ū is a result of Winter's law.
Judging by the dictionaries, there is no attested Baltic cognates and adverb/preposition **vy.


lokati

lokàti (canonical imperfective)
lokanьje (noun-from-verb)
lokati (infinitive)
lokatъ (supine)
lokalъ (l-participle)
lokanъ (participle passive past)
ločemъ (participle passive present)
lokavъ (active participle past)
ločę (active participle present)
lokaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
loka (aorist second-person singular)
loka (aorist singular third-person)
ločǫ (first-person present singular)
ločeši (present second-person singular)
ločetь (present singular third-person)
lokaxově (aorist dual first-person)
lokasta (aorist dual second-person)
lokaste (aorist dual third-person)
ločevě (dual first-person present)
ločeta (dual present second-person)
ločete (dual present third-person)
lokaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
lokaste (aorist plural second-person)
lokašę (aorist plural third-person)
ločemъ (first-person plural present)
ločete (plural present second-person)
ločǫtь (plural present third-person)
lokaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
lokaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
lokaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
loči (imperative second-person singular)
loči (imperative singular third-person)
lokaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
lokaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
lokaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
ločivě (dual first-person imperative)
ločita (dual imperative second-person)
lokaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
lokaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
lokaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
ločimъ (first-person imperative plural)
ločite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: лакати (lakati), локати (lokati) (15th century)

Belarusian: ло́каць (lókacʹ)

Russian: лака́ть (lakátʹ), лока́ть (lokátʹ)

Ukrainian: лока́ти (lokáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: локати (lokati)

Bulgarian: ло́ча (lóča), ло́кам (lókam)

Macedonian: лока (loka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ло̀кати

Latin script: lòkati

Slovene: lọ̄kati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: lokati

Czech: lokat

Old Polish: łokać

Polish: łokać, łakać (dialectal)

Slovak: logať

Slovincian: lôkac

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *lak-. Cognate with Lithuanian làkti (“to lap”), Latvian lakt (“to lap”), Old Armenian լակեմ (lakem, “to lick”). Per Derksen, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *lak-, an assumed expressive or onomatopoeic root with "European *a". Vasmer additionally suggests a possible relationship with Ancient Greek λάπτω (láptō, “to lick”), which Derksen would prefer to trace back to a separate Proto-Indo-European expressive root *lap-.


sъdorvъ

sъdòrvъ (canonical)
sъdorvъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
sъdorva (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
sъdorvo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
sъdorva (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
sъdorvy (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
sъdorva (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
sъdorvu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
sъdorvě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
sъdorvu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
sъdorvъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
sъdorvǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
sъdorvo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
sъdorvomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
sъdorvojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
sъdorvomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
sъdorvě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
sъdorvě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
sъdorvě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
sъdorve (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
sъdorvo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
sъdorvo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
sъdorva (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
sъdorvě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
sъdorvě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
sъdorvu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
sъdorvu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
sъdorvu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
sъdorvoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
sъdorvama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
sъdorvoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
sъdorva (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
sъdorvě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
sъdorvě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
sъdorvoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
sъdorvama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
sъdorvoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
sъdorvu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
sъdorvu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
sъdorvu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
sъdorva (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
sъdorvě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
sъdorvě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
sъdorvi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
sъdorvy (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
sъdorva (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
sъdorvъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
sъdorvъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
sъdorvъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
sъdorvomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
sъdorvamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
sъdorvomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
sъdorvy (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
sъdorvy (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
sъdorva (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
sъdorvy (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
sъdorvami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
sъdorvy (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
sъdorvěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
sъdorvaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
sъdorvěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
sъdorvi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
sъdorvy (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
sъdorva (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
sъdorvъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
sъdorvaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
sъdorvoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
sъdorvajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
sъdorvyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
sъdorvajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
sъdorvujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
sъdorvěji (dative definite feminine singular)
sъdorvujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
sъdorvъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
sъdorvǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
sъdorvoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
sъdorvyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
sъdorvǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
sъdorvyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
sъdorvějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
sъdorvěji (definite feminine locative singular)
sъdorvějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
sъdorvъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
sъdorvaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
sъdorvoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
sъdorvaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
sъdorvěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
sъdorvěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
sъdorvuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
sъdorvuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
sъdorvuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
sъdorvyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
sъdorvyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
sъdorvyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
sъdorvaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
sъdorvěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
sъdorvěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
sъdorvyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
sъdorvyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
sъdorvyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
sъdorvuju (definite dual locative masculine)
sъdorvuju (definite dual feminine locative)
sъdorvuju (definite dual locative neuter)
sъdorvaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
sъdorvěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
sъdorvěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
sъdorviji (definite masculine nominative plural)
sъdorvyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
sъdorvaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
sъdorvъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
sъdorvъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
sъdorvъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
sъdorvyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
sъdorvyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
sъdorvyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
sъdorvyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
sъdorvyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
sъdorvaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
sъdorvyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
sъdorvyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
sъdorvyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
sъdorvyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
sъdorvyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
sъdorvyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
sъdorviji (definite masculine plural vocative)
sъdorvyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
sъdorvaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *sъdorvъ (hard)

Definite declension of *sъdorvъ (hard)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: съдоровъ (sŭdorovŭ), здоровъ (zdorovŭ)

Belarusian: здаро́вы (zdaróvy)

desctree

Russian: здоро́вый (zdoróvyj)
→ Yakut: доруобай (doruobay)

Old Ukrainian: здоровый (zdorovyj)

Carpathian Rusyn: здоро́вый (zdoróvŷj)

Ukrainian: здоро́вий (zdoróvyj)

desc

Old Novgorodian: съторове (sŭtorove), съдорове (sŭdorove)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: съдравъ (sŭdravŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱏⰴⱃⰰⰲⱏ (sŭdravŭ)

Bulgarian: здрав (zdrav)

Macedonian: здрав (zdrav)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: здра̏в

Latin script: zdrȁv

Slovene: zdrȁv (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sdravý

Czech: zdravý

Old Polish: zdrowy

Polish: zdrowy, zdrów

Slovak: zdravý

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: strowy

Lower Sorbian: strowy

By surface analysis, *sъ- + *dorv-. Exact origin is uncertain:
* Per Meillet: from *sъ̀dorvъ with accent shifted by Dybo's law, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *súdarwas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-dʰor-wo-, from *dʰer- (“support, hold”). dʰ/dH is required to avoid Winter's law, which is reflected in Lithuanian ū.
** Related to *dьržati and Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰruwás (“firm, fixed”): Persian درود, Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀 (druua, “healthy”) and possibly Proto-Finnic *terveh (“healthy; whole”).
* From Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-dor(H)wo-, from *h₁su- (“well, good”) + *dóru (“tree, wood”).
** Related to *dervo (“tree, wood”), *drъvo (“tree, (pl.) wood”) and Lithuanian sū́drus (“thick, dense”), Sanskrit सुद्रु (sudrú). Further Albanian drenjë/dreng (“strong, healthy”), Proto-Germanic *triwwiz (“true”).
Compare Latin rōbustus (< rōbur), German kerngesund (< Kern).


krojiti

krojìti (canonical)
krojenьje (noun-from-verb)
krojiti (infinitive)
krojitъ (supine)
krojilъ (l-participle)
krojenъ (participle passive past)
krojimъ (participle passive present)
krojь (active participle past)
kroję (active participle present)
krojixъ (aorist first-person singular)
kroji (aorist second-person singular)
kroji (aorist singular third-person)
krojǫ (first-person present singular)
krojiši (present second-person singular)
krojitь (present singular third-person)
krojixově (aorist dual first-person)
krojista (aorist dual second-person)
krojiste (aorist dual third-person)
krojivě (dual first-person present)
krojita (dual present second-person)
krojite (dual present third-person)
krojixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
krojiste (aorist plural second-person)
krojišę (aorist plural third-person)
krojimъ (first-person plural present)
krojite (plural present second-person)
krojętь (plural present third-person)
krojaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
krojaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
krojaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
kroji (imperative second-person singular)
kroji (imperative singular third-person)
krojaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
krojaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
krojaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
krojivě (dual first-person imperative)
krojita (dual imperative second-person)
krojaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
krojaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
krojaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
krojimъ (first-person imperative plural)
krojite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кроити (kroiti)

Belarusian: кро́іць (króicʹ)

Russian: крои́ть (kroítʹ, “to cut out”), 1sg. крою́ (krojú), 3sg. крои́т (kroít)

Ukrainian: кро́їти (krójity)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: кроя́ (krojá, “to cut out (a garment), to devise”)

Macedonian: крои (kroi, “to cut out”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кро̀јити (“to cut”), 1sg. кро̀јӣм

Latin: kròjiti (“to cut”), 1sg. kròjīm

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: krojíti (“to cut out, to unstitch, to split, to disrupt”) (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: krojit (“to cut”)

Polabian: krüjĕ (“to cut”, 3sg.)

Old Polish: kroić (“to cut”)

Polish: kroić (“to cut”)

Silesian: krŏć

Slovak: krojiť (“to cut out”) (rare)

Slovincian: krôjic

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: krejić

Other:

desc

Romanian: croi (“to cut out, to tailor”)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *krájīˀtei, from iterative Proto-Indo-European *kroyh₁-eye-ti, from *kroyh₁-, metathesized from *kroh₁y- (analogical after the zero grade, where metathesis is expected), from the root *kreh₁y- (“to sift, to separate”), a root extension of *kreh₁- (alternatively reconstructed as *krey-). Cognate with Lithuanian kriẽti (“to expand, to develop, to spread; to catch fish”) (1sg. krejù), Latvian krijât (“to skin”), and more distantly with Latin cernō (“to sift, to separate, to distinguish”) < *kri-n-h₁- (perfect crēvī < *kreh₁-), Ancient Greek κρῑ́νω (krī́nō, “to separate, to decide”), Old Irish arachrin (“to perish”), críathar (“sieve”).


storna

stornà (canonical feminine)
c (accent-paradigm)
stornà (nominative singular)
stȏrně (dual nominative)
stȏrny (nominative plural)
storný (genitive singular)
stornù (dual genitive)
stõrnъ (genitive plural)
storně̀ (dative singular)
stornàma (dative dual)
stornàmъ (dative plural)
stȏrnǫ (accusative singular)
stȏrně (accusative dual)
stȏrny (accusative plural)
stornojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
stornàma (dual instrumental)
stornàmi (instrumental plural)
stȏrně (locative singular)
stornù (dual locative)
stornàsъ (locative plural)
stornàxъ (locative plural)
storno (singular vocative)
stȏrně (dual vocative)
stȏrny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: старана́ (staraná)

Russian: сторона́ (storoná)

Ukrainian: сторона́ (storoná)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: страна (strana)

Glagolitic: ⱄⱅⱃⰰⱀⰰ (strana)

desctree

→ Old East Slavic: страна (strana)
Russian: страна́ (straná)

Bulgarian: страна́ (straná)

Macedonian: страна (strana)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: стра́на

Latin script: strána

Slovene: strán

West Slavic:

Old Czech: strana
Czech: strana

Old Polish: strona
Polish: strona
Silesian: strōna

Slovak: strana

Polabian: stornă

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: strona

Slovincian: strôna

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: strona

Lower Sorbian: strona

From Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃- (“to stretch”) + *-nъ + *-a.


tišina

tišina (nominative singular)
tišině (dual nominative)
tišiny (nominative plural)
tišiny (genitive singular)
tišinu (dual genitive)
tišinъ (genitive plural)
tišině (dative singular)
tišinama (dative dual)
tišinamъ (dative plural)
tišinǫ (accusative singular)
tišině (accusative dual)
tišiny (accusative plural)
tišinojǫ (instrumental singular)
tišinǫ (instrumental singular)
tišinama (dual instrumental)
tišinami (instrumental plural)
tišině (locative singular)
tišinu (dual locative)
tišinasъ (locative plural)
tišinaxъ (locative plural)
tišino (singular vocative)
tišině (dual vocative)
tišiny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: цішыня (cišynja)

Russian: тишина́ (tišiná)

Ukrainian: тишина́ (tyšyná)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: тишина (tišina)

Bulgarian: тишина́ (tišiná)

Macedonian: тишина (tišina)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тишѝна

Latin script: tišìna

Slovene: tišína (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Polish: ciszyna (rare)

Silesian: ciszyna


volati

volanьje (noun-from-verb)
volati (infinitive)
volatъ (supine)
volalъ (l-participle)
volanъ (participle passive past)
volajemъ (participle passive present)
volavъ (active participle past)
volaję (active participle present)
volaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
vola (aorist second-person singular)
vola (aorist singular third-person)
volajǫ (first-person present singular)
volaješi (present second-person singular)
volajetь (present singular third-person)
volaxově (aorist dual first-person)
volasta (aorist dual second-person)
volaste (aorist dual third-person)
volajevě (dual first-person present)
volajeta (dual present second-person)
volajete (dual present third-person)
volaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
volaste (aorist plural second-person)
volašę (aorist plural third-person)
volajemъ (first-person plural present)
volajete (plural present second-person)
volajǫtь (plural present third-person)
volaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
volaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
volaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
volaji (imperative second-person singular)
volaji (imperative singular third-person)
volaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
volaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
volaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
volajivě (dual first-person imperative)
volajita (dual imperative second-person)
volaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
volaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
volaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
volajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
volajite (imperative plural second-person)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: wòłac

Slovincian: wôlac

Old Czech: volati

Czech: volat

Old Polish: wołać

Polish: wołać

→ Old Ruthenian: волати (volati)

Belarusian: вала́ць (valácʹ)

Ukrainian: вола́ти (voláty)

Silesian: wołać

Slovak: volať

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wołaś

Upper Sorbian: wołać

Probably cognate with Lithuanian valiúoti (“to shout, to sing”), Latvian valoda (“speech”).


-isko

-isko (nominative singular)
-iscě (dual nominative)
-iska (nominative plural)
-iska (genitive singular)
-isku (dual genitive)
-iskъ (genitive plural)
-isku (dative singular)
-iskoma (dative dual)
-iskomъ (dative plural)
-isko (accusative singular)
-iscě (accusative dual)
-iska (accusative plural)
-iskъmь (instrumental singular)
-iskomь (instrumental singular)
-iskoma (dual instrumental)
-isky (instrumental plural)
-iscě (locative singular)
-isku (dual locative)
-iscěxъ (locative plural)
-isko (singular vocative)
-iscě (dual vocative)
-iska (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic:

Belarusian:

desc

Ukrainian: -иско (-ysko), -їсько (-jisʹko)

South Slavic: —

West Slavic:

Czech: -isko

Old Polish: -isko
Polish: -isko

Slovak: -isko

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: -iskò

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: -isko

Upper Sorbian: -isko

(West Slavic, partially Belarusian and Ukrainian) Alternative form of *-išče

West Slavic; partially Belarusian and Ukrainian; West Slavic; partially Belarusian and Ukrainian


lože

ložè (canonical neuter)
b (accent-paradigm)
ložè (nominative singular)
lòži (dual nominative)
lòža (nominative plural)
ložà (genitive singular)
ložu (dual genitive)
lòžь (genitive plural)
ložù (dative singular)
ložema (dative dual)
lòžemъ (dative plural)
ložè (accusative singular)
lòži (accusative dual)
lòža (accusative plural)
ložь̀mь (instrumental singular)
ložèmь (instrumental singular)
ložema (dual instrumental)
lòži (instrumental plural)
ložì (locative singular)
ložu (dual locative)
lòžixъ (locative plural)
ložè (singular vocative)
lòži (dual vocative)
lòža (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

⇒ Belarusian: ло́жак (lóžak)

Russian: ло́же (lóže)

Ukrainian: ло́же (lóže)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: ложе (lože)

Glagolitic: ⰾⱁⰶⰵ (lože)

Bulgarian: ло́же (lóže)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ложе

Latin script: lože

Slovene: lọ́žе (obsolete)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: lože

Czech: lože (literary)

Polish: łoże

⇒ Slovak: ložko

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: łоžо

Upper Sorbian: łоžо

From Proto-Indo-European *logʰ-yo-m, from *legʰ-. Equivalent to *logъ (“base, lair”) + *-je. Cognate with Ancient Greek λόχος (lókhos), Proto-Germanic *lagą.


tebe

jãzъ (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
ty̑ (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
mę̑ (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
tę̑ (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sę̑ (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mȅne (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
tȅbe (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
sȅbe (genitive personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mьně̀ (first-person locative personal pronoun singular)
tebě̀ (locative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sebě̀ (locative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mьně̀ (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
tebě̀ (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
ti (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sebě̀ (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
si (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mъnòjǫ (first-person instrumental personal pronoun singular)
mъnojǫ̀ (first-person instrumental personal pronoun singular)
tobòjǫ (instrumental personal pronoun second-person singular)
tobojǫ̀ (instrumental personal pronoun second-person singular)
sobòjǫ (instrumental personal pronoun reflexive singular)
sobojǫ̀ (instrumental personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mojь (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
tvojь (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
svojь (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular)
vě̑ (dual first-person nominative personal pronoun)
vȃ (dual nominative personal pronoun second-person)
nȃ (accusative dual first-person personal pronoun)
vȃ (accusative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sę̑ (accusative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
nàju (dual first-person genitive personal pronoun)
vàju (dual genitive personal pronoun second-person)
sȅbe (dual genitive personal pronoun reflexive)
nàju (dual first-person locative personal pronoun)
vàju (dual locative personal pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (dual locative personal pronoun reflexive)
nàma (dative dual first-person personal pronoun)
vàma (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
va (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
si (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
nàma (dual first-person instrumental personal pronoun)
vàma (dual instrumental personal pronoun second-person)
sobòjǫ (dual instrumental personal pronoun reflexive)
sobojǫ̀ (dual instrumental personal pronoun reflexive)
našь (dual first-person personal possessive pronoun)
vašь (dual personal possessive pronoun second-person)
svojь (dual personal possessive pronoun reflexive)
my̑ (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
vy̑ (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
ny̑ (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
vy̑ (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sę̑ (accusative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàsъ (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
vàsъ (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
sȅbe (genitive personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàsъ (first-person locative personal plural pronoun)
vàsъ (locative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (locative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàmъ (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
vàmъ (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
si (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàmi (first-person instrumental personal plural pronoun)
vàmi (instrumental personal plural pronoun second-person)
sobòjǫ (instrumental personal plural pronoun reflexive)
sobojǫ̀ (instrumental personal plural pronoun reflexive)
našь (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
vašь (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
svojь (personal plural possessive pronoun reflexive)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: цябе́ (cjabjé) (< *tębe, a blend of accusative *tę- + genitive *-be)

Russian: тебя́ (tebjá) (< *tebę, a blend of genitive *teb- + accusative *-ę)

Ukrainian: тебе (tebe)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: тебе (tebe)

Bulgarian: тебе (tebe)

Macedonian: тебе (tebe)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: те̏бе

Latin script: tȅbe

Slovene: tebe

West Slavic:

Czech: tebe

Polish: ciebie

Slovak: teba

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: tebje

Upper Sorbian: tebje

(of) thee, you (singular); genitive of *ty


pa-

East Slavic:

Belarusian: па- (pa-)

Russian: па- (pa-)

Ukrainian: па- (pa-)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: па- (pa-)

Bulgarian: па- (pa-)

Macedonian: па- (pa-)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: па-

Latin script: pa-

Slovene: pa-

West Slavic:

Czech: pa-

Polish: pa-

Slovak: pa-

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: pa-

Upper Sorbian: pa-

Cognate with Lithuanian po-.
According to Rejzek (2006) the original meaning was "later, secondary" since the primary evidence for the Slavic words for step-children (*pasynъkъ, *padъťi, *pasьrbъ, *pastorъkъ) is inconclusive.

(Late Common-Slavic or post-Common-Slavic) false, pseudo-


-dlo

-dlo (nominative singular)
-dlě (dual nominative)
-dla (nominative plural)
-dla (genitive singular)
-dlu (dual genitive)
-dlъ (genitive plural)
-dlu (dative singular)
-dloma (dative dual)
-dlomъ (dative plural)
-dlo (accusative singular)
-dlě (accusative dual)
-dla (accusative plural)
-dlъmь (instrumental singular)
-dlomь (instrumental singular)
-dloma (dual instrumental)
-dly (instrumental plural)
-dlě (locative singular)
-dlu (dual locative)
-dlěxъ (locative plural)
-dlo (singular vocative)
-dlě (dual vocative)
-dla (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: -ло (-lo)

Belarusian: -ла (-la) (unstressed), -ло (-lo) (stressed)

Russian: -ло (-lo)

Ukrainian: -ло (-lo)

Old Novgorodian: -гло (-glo)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: -ло (-lo)

Glagolitic: -ⰾⱁ (-lo)

Bulgarian: -ло (-lo)

Macedonian: -ло (-lo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: -ло

Latin script: -lo

Slovene: -lo

West Slavic:

Czech: -dlo

Polabian: -dlü

Old Polish: -dło

Polish: -dło

Slovak: -dlo

Slovincian: -dlô, -lô

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: -dło

Upper Sorbian: -dło

Non-Slavic:

→ Esperanto: -ilo

Ido: -ilo

From Proto-Indo-European *-tlom / *-dʰlom.

žerti (“to eat”) + *-dlo → *gъ̀rdlo (“throat”)

mỳti (“to wash”) + *-dlo → *mỳdlo (“soap”)

šìti (“to sew”) + *-dlo → *šidlo (“awl”)

Forms nouns denoting a tool or instrument

bỳti (“to be”) + *-dlo → *bydlò (“dwelling, abode”)

kǫpàti (“to bathe”) + *-dlo → *kǫpadlo (“bathing place”)

běliti (“to whiten”) + *-dlo → *bělidlo (“whitening place”)

Forms nouns denoting a place of activity


pogoda

pogoda (nominative singular)
pogodě (dual nominative)
pogody (nominative plural)
pogody (genitive singular)
pogodu (dual genitive)
pogodъ (genitive plural)
pogodě (dative singular)
pogodama (dative dual)
pogodamъ (dative plural)
pogodǫ (accusative singular)
pogodě (accusative dual)
pogody (accusative plural)
pogodojǫ (instrumental singular)
pogodǫ (instrumental singular)
pogodama (dual instrumental)
pogodami (instrumental plural)
pogodě (locative singular)
pogodu (dual locative)
pogodasъ (locative plural)
pogodaxъ (locative plural)
pogodo (singular vocative)
pogodě (dual vocative)
pogody (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: погода (pogoda)

Old Ruthenian: пого́да (pohóda)

Belarusian: паго́да (pahóda), пого́да (pohóda)

Ukrainian: пого́да (pohóda)

Russian: пого́да (pogóda)

West Slavic:

Czech: pohoda

Kashubian: pògòda

Old Polish: pogoda

Polish: pogoda

Silesian: pogoda

Slovak: pohoda


regati

regàti (canonical imperfective)
Slavic (South)
reganьje (noun-from-verb)
regati (infinitive)
regatъ (supine)
regalъ (l-participle)
reganъ (participle passive past)
regajemъ (participle passive present)
regavъ (active participle past)
regaję (active participle present)
regaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
rega (aorist second-person singular)
rega (aorist singular third-person)
regajǫ (first-person present singular)
regaješi (present second-person singular)
regajetь (present singular third-person)
regaxově (aorist dual first-person)
regasta (aorist dual second-person)
regaste (aorist dual third-person)
regajevě (dual first-person present)
regajeta (dual present second-person)
regajete (dual present third-person)
regaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
regaste (aorist plural second-person)
regašę (aorist plural third-person)
regajemъ (first-person plural present)
regajete (plural present second-person)
regajǫtь (plural present third-person)
regaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
regaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
regaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
regaji (imperative second-person singular)
regaji (imperative singular third-person)
regaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
regaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
regaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
regajivě (dual first-person imperative)
regajita (dual imperative second-person)
regaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
regaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
regaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
regajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
regajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ре̏гати

Latin script: rȅgati

Slovene: rẹ̑gati (tonal orthography)

According to Snoj, possibly derived from Proto-Indo-European *wreg- (“to open mouth”) or of imitative origin. Compare further Latvian rēdzêt (“to bark, to sulk”).


monisto

monisto (nominative singular)
monistě (dual nominative)
monista (nominative plural)
monista (genitive singular)
monistu (dual genitive)
monistъ (genitive plural)
monistu (dative singular)
monistoma (dative dual)
monistomъ (dative plural)
monisto (accusative singular)
monistě (accusative dual)
monista (accusative plural)
monistъmь (instrumental singular)
monistomь (instrumental singular)
monistoma (dual instrumental)
monisty (instrumental plural)
monistě (locative singular)
monistu (dual locative)
monistěxъ (locative plural)
monisto (singular vocative)
monistě (dual vocative)
monista (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: мони́сто (monísto)

desc

Ukrainian: мони́сто (monýsto), нами́сто (namýsto) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: монисто (monisto)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: мъни́сто (mǎnísto)

Macedonian: монисто (monisto)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: монисто (ecclesiastical)

Latin: monisto

West Slavic:

Polabian: müönéisťа

Cognates include Latin monile (“necklace”), Proto-Germanic *manją (“necklace”), Sanskrit मणि (maṇí, “necklace”).


motyka

motỳka (canonical feminine)
motỳka (nominative singular)
motycě (dual nominative)
motyky (nominative plural)
motyky (genitive singular)
motyku (dual genitive)
motykъ (genitive plural)
motycě (dative singular)
motykama (dative dual)
motykamъ (dative plural)
motykǫ (accusative singular)
motycě (accusative dual)
motyky (accusative plural)
motykojǫ (instrumental singular)
motykǫ (instrumental singular)
motykama (dual instrumental)
motykami (instrumental plural)
motycě (locative singular)
motyku (dual locative)
motykasъ (locative plural)
motykaxъ (locative plural)
motỳko (singular vocative)
motycě (dual vocative)
motyky (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: матыка (matyka)

desctree

Russian: моты́га (motýga), моты́ка (motýka) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Kildin Sami: мотыга (motyga)

Ukrainian: мотика (motyka)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: мотꙑкꙑ (motyky)

Glagolitic script: ⰿⱁⱅⱏⰹⰽⱏⰹ (motyky)

Bulgarian: мотика (motika)

Macedonian: мотика (motika)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мотика

Latin script: motika

Slovene: motika

West Slavic:

Old Czech: motyka

Czech: motyka

Moravian (Mistřice): motika

Polish: motyka

Slovak: motyka

From Proto-Indo-European *mot-. Cognate with Latin mateola (“hoe”), Proto-West Germanic *mattjuk (“mattock, plowshare”), Sanskrit मत्य (matyà, “agricultural device, harrow?”).


ruxo

ruxo (nominative singular)
ruśě (dual nominative)
ruxa (nominative plural)
ruxa (genitive singular)
ruxu (dual genitive)
ruxъ (genitive plural)
ruxu (dative singular)
ruxoma (dative dual)
ruxomъ (dative plural)
ruxo (accusative singular)
ruśě (accusative dual)
ruxa (accusative plural)
ruxъmь (instrumental singular)
ruxomь (instrumental singular)
ruxoma (dual instrumental)
ruxy (instrumental plural)
ruśě (locative singular)
ruxu (dual locative)
ruśěxъ (locative plural)
ruxo (singular vocative)
ruśě (dual vocative)
ruxa (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: рухо (ruxo)

Old Ruthenian: ру́хо (rúxo)

Russian: ру́хо (rúxo)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: роухо (ruxo)

Glagolitic script: ⱃⱆⱈⱁ (ruxo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ру̏хо

Latin script: rȕho

Slovene: rúhо (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: roucho

Old Polish: rucho

Polish: rucho (obsolete)

Slovak: rúcho

be:Генадзь Апанасавіч Цыхун


kolda

kòlda (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
kòlda (nominative singular)
kòldě (dual nominative)
kòldy (nominative plural)
kòldy (genitive singular)
kòldu (dual genitive)
kòldъ (genitive plural)
kòldě (dative singular)
kòldama (dative dual)
kòldamъ (dative plural)
kòldǫ (accusative singular)
kòldě (accusative dual)
kòldy (accusative plural)
kòldojǫ (instrumental singular)
kòldǭ (instrumental singular)
kòldama (dual instrumental)
kòldamī (instrumental plural)
kòldě (locative singular)
kòldu (dual locative)
kòldasъ (locative plural)
kòldaxъ (locative plural)
kòldo (singular vocative)
kòldě (dual vocative)
kòldy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: кало́да (kalóda)

Russian: коло́да (kolóda)

Ukrainian: коло́да (kolóda)

→ Lithuanian: kaladė

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: глада (glada, “block”)

Bulgarian: кла́да (kláda)

Macedonian: клада (klada)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кла̏да

Latin script: klȁda

Slovene: kláda (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kláda

Czech: kláda

Moravian (Mistřice): ku̯ada

Polabian: klådă

Old Polish: kłoda
Polish: kłoda

Slovak: klada

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kłóda

Lower Sorbian: kłoda

According to Derksen, inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kálˀdāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *kold-eh₂; cognate with Proto-Germanic *hultą (“wood”) and Ancient Greek κλάδος (kládos, “branch, shoot”). Ultimately may be from the root of *kolti, from PIE *kelh₂- (“to beat, chop, hew”).
The /ɡ/ of Old Church Slavonic глада (glada) is perhaps modified to resemble гладъкъ (gladŭkŭ, “smooth; even”), гладити (gladiti, “to stroke; to smooth, polish”), or otherwise unexplained.


vama

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: вама (vama)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ва̏ма

Latin script: vȁma

Slovene: vama

West Slavic:

Kashubian: wama

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wama

Upper Sorbian: wamaj


kroma

krōmà (canonical feminine)
b (accent-paradigm)
kromà (nominative singular)
kròmě (dual nominative)
kromỳ (nominative plural)
kromỳ (genitive singular)
kromù (dual genitive)
kròmъ (genitive plural)
kromě̀ (dative singular)
kromàma (dative dual)
kromàmъ (dative plural)
kromǫ̀ (accusative singular)
kròmě (accusative dual)
kromỳ (accusative plural)
kromòjǫ (instrumental singular)
kròmǫ (instrumental singular)
kromàma (dual instrumental)
kromàmī (instrumental plural)
kromě̀ (locative singular)
kromù (dual locative)
kromàsъ (locative plural)
kromàxъ (locative plural)
kromo (singular vocative)
kròmě (dual vocative)
kromỳ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: кромъ m (kromŭ)

desc

⇒ Belarusian: акро́м (akróm), акрамя́ (akramjá)

⇒ Carpathian Rusyn: крум (krum), кроми (kromy)

Russian: крома́ (kromá, “barrier”) (dialectal)

⇒ Russian: кро́мка (krómka) (diminutive)

⇒ Russian: кро́ме (króme), окро́ме (okróme), окромя́ (okromjá)

Ukrainian: кро́ма (króma, “barrier”)

⇒ Ukrainian: крім (krim), окрі́м (okrím)

South Slavic:

⇒ Old Church Slavonic: кромѣ (kromě)

⇒ Bulgarian: кроме (krome) (dated)

Serbo-Croatian:

⇒ Cyrillic script: кроме, кромје

⇒ Latin script: krome, kromje

West Slavic:

⇒ Czech: krom, kromě

Polish: kroma (“slice of bread”)

⇒ Polish: kromka (diminutive)

⇒ Polish: krom, okrom

Slovincian: króma

Slovak: krom, krem (dated)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kroma (“end”)

Lower Sorbian: kšoma (“end”)

Likely from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krem-, an extension of *(s)ker- (“to cut”). Akin to German Schramme (“scratch”), possibly Ancient Greek κρημνός (krēmnós, “river bank”).


tisa

tìsa (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
tìsa (nominative singular)
tìsě (dual nominative)
tìsy (nominative plural)
tìsy (genitive singular)
tìsu (dual genitive)
tìsъ (genitive plural)
tìsě (dative singular)
tìsama (dative dual)
tìsamъ (dative plural)
tìsǫ (accusative singular)
tìsě (accusative dual)
tìsy (accusative plural)
tìsojǫ (instrumental singular)
tìsǭ (instrumental singular)
tìsama (dual instrumental)
tìsamī (instrumental plural)
tìsě (locative singular)
tìsu (dual locative)
tìsasъ (locative plural)
tìsaxъ (locative plural)
tìso (singular vocative)
tìsě (dual vocative)
tìsy (plural vocative)


riza

riza (nominative singular)
rizě (dual nominative)
rizy (nominative plural)
rizy (genitive singular)
rizu (dual genitive)
rizъ (genitive plural)
rizě (dative singular)
rizama (dative dual)
rizamъ (dative plural)
rizǫ (accusative singular)
rizě (accusative dual)
rizy (accusative plural)
rizojǫ (instrumental singular)
rizǫ (instrumental singular)
rizama (dual instrumental)
rizami (instrumental plural)
rizě (locative singular)
rizu (dual locative)
rizasъ (locative plural)
rizaxъ (locative plural)
rizo (singular vocative)
rizě (dual vocative)
rizy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: риза (riza)

Belarusian: рíза (ríza)

Russian: ри́за (ríza)

Ukrainian: ри́за (rýza)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: риза (riza)

Bulgarian: ри́за (ríza)

Macedonian: риза (riza)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ри́за

Latin script: ríza

West Slavic:

Old Czech: říza, hříza

Czech: říza

→ Old Polish: rzyza

Slovak: ríza


smola

smolà (canonical feminine)
b (accent-paradigm)
smolà (nominative singular)
smòlě (dual nominative)
smolỳ (nominative plural)
smolỳ (genitive singular)
smolù (dual genitive)
smòlъ (genitive plural)
smolě̀ (dative singular)
smolàma (dative dual)
smolàmъ (dative plural)
smolǫ̀ (accusative singular)
smòlě (accusative dual)
smolỳ (accusative plural)
smolòjǫ (instrumental singular)
smòlǫ (instrumental singular)
smolàma (dual instrumental)
smolàmī (instrumental plural)
smolě̀ (locative singular)
smolù (dual locative)
smolàsъ (locative plural)
smolàxъ (locative plural)
smolo (singular vocative)
smòlě (dual vocative)
smolỳ (plural vocative)

East Slavic: смола (smola)

desc

Belarusian: смала́ (smalá), смоль (smolʹ)

Russian: смола́ (smolá), смоль (smolʹ)

Ukrainian: смола́ (smolá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: смола (smola)

Glagolitic: ⱄⰿⱁⰾⰰ (smola)

Bulgarian: смола́ (smolá)

Macedonian: смола (smola)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: смо̀ла

Latin script: smòla

Slovene: smóla (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: smola, smóla

Czech: smola, smůla

Moravian (Mistřice): smou̯a

Polabian: smölă

Old Polish: smoła

Polish: smoła

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: smòła

Old Slovak:

Pannonian Rusyn: смола (smola)

Slovak: smola

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: smoła

Lower Sorbian: smóła

Other:

Lithuanian: smalà

Latvian: smala

Romanian: smoală

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *smelāˀ, *smаlāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *smel- (: *smol-).
Baltic cognates include Latvian smeļi (“resinous logs”), Lithuanian smė̃lа, smelà (“resin”), smil̃kti (“to smoke slightly”), smilkýti (“to fume”).
Indo-European cognates include Low German smelen, Middle English smolder, Proto-West Germanic *smallijan (“to glow, burn, smoulder”), Middle Irish *smāl- : *smōl-.


či

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: чи (či)

Old Ruthenian: чи (či), чы (čy)

Belarusian: ці (ci)

Ukrainian: чи (čy)

Russian: чи (či) (dialectal)

Old Novgorodian: ци (ci)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Church Slavonic: чи (či)

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: či, če

Cyrillic script: чи, че

Slovene: če, čì

West Slavic:

Old Czech: či
Czech: či

desctree

Old Polish: czy
Polish: czy
Silesian: czy, czi

Old Slovak: či

Pannonian Rusyn: чи (či)

Slovak: či

Polabian: cĕ

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: czë

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷéy, initially instrumental singular of pronoun *kʷo-/*kʷe-; compare Latin qui, Avestan 𐬗𐬌𐬱 (ciš), Old Saxon hwi.


žila

žìla (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
žìla (nominative singular)
žìlě (dual nominative)
žìly (nominative plural)
žìly (genitive singular)
žìlu (dual genitive)
žìlъ (genitive plural)
žìlě (dative singular)
žìlama (dative dual)
žìlamъ (dative plural)
žìlǫ (accusative singular)
žìlě (accusative dual)
žìly (accusative plural)
žìlojǫ (instrumental singular)
žìlǭ (instrumental singular)
žìlama (dual instrumental)
žìlamī (instrumental plural)
žìlě (locative singular)
žìlu (dual locative)
žìlasъ (locative plural)
žìlaxъ (locative plural)
žìlo (singular vocative)
žìlě (dual vocative)
žìly (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: жила (žila)

Belarusian: жы́ла (žýla)

Russian: жи́ла (žíla)

Ukrainian: жи́ла (žýla)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: жила (žila)

Glagolitic: ⰶⰹⰾⰰ (žila)

Bulgarian: жи́ла (žíla)

Macedonian: жи́ла (žíla)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жи̏ла

Latin script: žȉla

Slovene: žíla (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: žíla

Czech: žíla

Moravian (Mistřice): žiu̯a

Kashubian: żëła

Old Polish: żyła

Polish: żyła

Slovak: žila

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: žyła

Upper Sorbian: žiła

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gī́ˀšlāˀ, cognate with Lithuanian gýsla (“vein”), Latvian dzîsla (“vein”) and the second part of Old Prussian pette-gislo (“back vein”). An earlier reflex *žixla may have been the origin of derivatives such as dial. Russian жихля́ть (žixljátʹ, “to sway, to lurch”) (parallel to Lithuanian gýslioti (“to tow, to flex, to contract”)).
There are two theories for Indo-European origin:
* from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰíH(s)leh₂, with cognates Old Armenian ջիլ (ǰil, “sinew”), Latin filum (“thread”).
* from *gʷiH-, akin to Sanskrit जिया (jiyā́), ज्या (jyā́, “bow-string”), Ancient Greek βιός (biós, “bow-string, tendon”).
Derksen and Snoj favor the former option, due to the presence of medial *-l-. De Vaan notes that the former is a *-sleh₂-extension of the latter, so the word is from the same root either way.


starica

starica (nominative singular)
starici (dual nominative)
staricę̇ (nominative plural)
staricę̇ (genitive singular)
staricu (dual genitive)
staricь (genitive plural)
starici (dative singular)
staricama (dative dual)
staricamъ (dative plural)
staricǫ (accusative singular)
starici (accusative dual)
staricę̇ (accusative plural)
staricejǫ (instrumental singular)
staricǫ (instrumental singular)
staricama (dual instrumental)
staricami (instrumental plural)
starici (locative singular)
staricu (dual locative)
staricasъ (locative plural)
staricaxъ (locative plural)
starice (singular vocative)
starici (dual vocative)
staricę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: ста́рица (stárica)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: стари́ца (staríca)

Macedonian: старица (starica)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ста̏рица

Latin script: stȁrica

Slovene: staríca (tonal orthography)


starina

starina (nominative singular)
starině (dual nominative)
stariny (nominative plural)
stariny (genitive singular)
starinu (dual genitive)
starinъ (genitive plural)
starině (dative singular)
starinama (dative dual)
starinamъ (dative plural)
starinǫ (accusative singular)
starině (accusative dual)
stariny (accusative plural)
starinojǫ (instrumental singular)
starinǫ (instrumental singular)
starinama (dual instrumental)
starinami (instrumental plural)
starině (locative singular)
starinu (dual locative)
starinasъ (locative plural)
starinaxъ (locative plural)
starino (singular vocative)
starině (dual vocative)
stariny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Russian: старина́ (stariná)
→ Finnish: tarina
→ Veps: starin

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: старина́ (stariná)

Macedonian: старина (starina)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: старѝна

Latin script: starìna

Slovene: starína (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Polish: starzyna


suša

suša (nominative singular)
suši (dual nominative)
sušę̇ (nominative plural)
sušę̇ (genitive singular)
sušu (dual genitive)
sušь (genitive plural)
suši (dative singular)
sušama (dative dual)
sušamъ (dative plural)
sušǫ (accusative singular)
suši (accusative dual)
sušę̇ (accusative plural)
sušejǫ (instrumental singular)
sušǫ (instrumental singular)
sušama (dual instrumental)
sušami (instrumental plural)
suši (locative singular)
sušu (dual locative)
sušasъ (locative plural)
sušaxъ (locative plural)
suše (singular vocative)
suši (dual vocative)
sušę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: су́ша (súša, “dry land”)

Ukrainian: су́ша (súša)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: суша (suša)

Bulgarian: суша (suša)

Macedonian: суша (suša)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: су̑ша

Latin script: sȗša

Slovene: súša (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: souš (“dry land”)

Kashubian: suszô

Polish: susza

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: zushë


sukno

sūknò (canonical neuter)
b (accent-paradigm)
sūknò (nominative singular)
sũkně (dual nominative)
sūknà (nominative plural)
sūknà (genitive singular)
sūknù (dual genitive)
sũknъ (genitive plural)
sūknù (dative singular)
sūknòma (dative dual)
sūknòmъ (dative plural)
sūknò (accusative singular)
sũkně (accusative dual)
sūknà (accusative plural)
sūknъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
sūknòmь (instrumental singular)
sūknòma (dual instrumental)
sũkny (instrumental plural)
sūkně̀ (locative singular)
sūknù (dual locative)
sũkněxъ (locative plural)
sūknò (singular vocative)
sũkně (dual vocative)
sūknà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сукъно (sukŭno)

Belarusian: сукно́ (suknó)

Russian: сукно́ (suknó)

Ukrainian: сукно́ (suknó)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: соукъно (sukŭno)

Bulgarian: сукно́ (suknó), dial. су́кно (súkno)

Macedonian: сукно (sukno)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: су́кно

Latin script: súkno

Slovene: suknò (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: sukno

Polabian: sauknĕ

Polish: sukno

Slovak: sukno

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: sukno

Upper Sorbian: sukno

From *sukati (“to wrap, to weave”) + *-no.


dola

dola (nominative singular)
dolě (dual nominative)
doly (nominative plural)
doly (genitive singular)
dolu (dual genitive)
dolъ (genitive plural)
dolě (dative singular)
dolama (dative dual)
dolamъ (dative plural)
dolǫ (accusative singular)
dolě (accusative dual)
doly (accusative plural)
dolojǫ (instrumental singular)
dolǫ (instrumental singular)
dolama (dual instrumental)
dolami (instrumental plural)
dolě (locative singular)
dolu (dual locative)
dolasъ (locative plural)
dolaxъ (locative plural)
dolo (singular vocative)
dolě (dual vocative)
doly (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Church Slavonic: дола (dola) (Bulgarian, Serbian recension)

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *dál(j)āˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *delh₁- (“to split, divide”). Cognate with Lithuanian dalà.

der

South Slavic form of *doľa (“share, lot; fate”)


mamiti

mamìti (canonical)
mamľenьje (noun-from-verb)
mamiti (infinitive)
mamitъ (supine)
mamilъ (l-participle)
mamľenъ (participle passive past)
mamimъ (participle passive present)
mamľь (active participle past)
mamę (active participle present)
mamixъ (aorist first-person singular)
mami (aorist second-person singular)
mami (aorist singular third-person)
mamľǫ (first-person present singular)
mamiši (present second-person singular)
mamitь (present singular third-person)
mamixově (aorist dual first-person)
mamista (aorist dual second-person)
mamiste (aorist dual third-person)
mamivě (dual first-person present)
mamita (dual present second-person)
mamite (dual present third-person)
mamixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
mamiste (aorist plural second-person)
mamišę (aorist plural third-person)
mamimъ (first-person plural present)
mamite (plural present second-person)
mamętь (plural present third-person)
mamľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
mamľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
mamľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
mami (imperative second-person singular)
mami (imperative singular third-person)
mamľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
mamľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
mamľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
mamivě (dual first-person imperative)
mamita (dual imperative second-person)
mamľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
mamľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
mamľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
mamimъ (first-person imperative plural)
mamite (imperative plural second-person)

Church Slavonic: мамити (mamiti), манити (maniti)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: манити (maniti) (16th century)

Belarusian: мані́ць (manícʹ)

Russian: мани́ть (manítʹ)

Ukrainian: мани́ти (manýty)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: ма́мя (mámja), ма́ня (mánja) (dialectal)

Macedonian: мами (mami)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ма́мити, ма́нити (dialectal)

Latin: mámiti. mániti (dialectal)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: mamīti, mámiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mámiti

Czech: mámit

Polish: mamić, (dialectal) manić

Slovak: mamiť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: mamiś, maniś

* Per Derksen, *mamiti is from *mȃmъ (“deceit”) + *-iti, from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂-mo-, from the root *(s)meh₂- that also underlies Proto-Slavic *majati (“to wave, to beckon”), *mavati (“to wave, to beckon”), *māxàti (“to wave”). See *majati for further etymology. Derksen believes (following a theory of Van Wijk) that the synonymous verb *maniti developed from *mamiti by dissimilation, under the influence of *manǫti (“to beckon”), and that the Baltic cognates Lithuanian mõnyti (“to practice sorcery”), Latvian mãnît (“to deceive, to mislead”) are both borrowings from Slavic.
* Vasmer agrees that Lithuanian mõnyti is a Slavic borrowing but believes that Latvian mãnît is an inherited form. He notes but does not endorse Van Wijk's theory that *maniti is a dissimilated form. He agrees with Derksen that the underlying Proto-Indo-European root is the same as *majati, and adds as cognates Sanskrit माया (māyā́, “magic power, deceit, illusion”), Avestan 𐬨𐬁𐬌𐬌𐬁- (māiiā-), Old High German mein (“lying, deceitful”), Old Norse mein (“damage, unhappiness”), Ancient Greek μῖμος (mîmos, “deceit, focus, magician”). (Derksen instead links Old High German mein with Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to change”); see *měniti (“to change”).)
* Trubachev basically agrees with Vasmer, and derives *maniti from *manъ (“deceit, hallucination?”), from the same root *(s)meh₂-.


xmara

xmàra (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
xmara (nominative singular)
xmàrě (dual nominative)
xmàry (nominative plural)
xmàry (genitive singular)
xmàru (dual genitive)
xmàrъ (genitive plural)
xmàrě (dative singular)
xmàrama (dative dual)
xmàramъ (dative plural)
xmàrǫ (accusative singular)
xmàrě (accusative dual)
xmàry (accusative plural)
xmàrojǫ (instrumental singular)
xmàrǭ (instrumental singular)
xmàrama (dual instrumental)
xmàramī (instrumental plural)
xmàrě (locative singular)
xmàru (dual locative)
xmàrasъ (locative plural)
xmàraxъ (locative plural)
xmàro (singular vocative)
xmàrě (dual vocative)
xmàry (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Belarusian: хма́ра (xmára), хмуры́на (xmurýna)

Russian: хма́ра (xmára), хму́ра (xmúra) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: хма́ра (xmára), хму́ра (xmúra)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тмо̀ра (possibly)

Latin script: tmòra (possibly)

West Slavic:

Czech: chmara, chmoura

Polish: chmara, chmura

Old Slovak: chmára, chmúra

Pannonian Rusyn: хмара (xmara)

Slovak: chmúra

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: khmura

Lower Sorbian: chmura

Uncertain:
* Per Vasmer, Trubachev (ESSJa): From contamination of original *xmura and *para (“vapor”) or *mara (“dusk, illusion, mirage”). The former is sometimes compared with Ancient Greek ἀμαυρός (amaurós, “dark, dull”).
* Per Gudkov (EIRJa): From dissimilation of an earlier *tьmora/*tьmara → *kmara → *xmara, cognate with Proto-Slavic *tьma (“darkness”).
* If the original meaning of the word was more concerned with the shape rather than with the hue of the cloud (as in English cloud < Old English clūd (“boulder, rocky mass”)), then possibly from an ō-grade of Proto-Indo-European *kh₂mer- (“to curve, to distort”). Compare Ancient Greek κᾰμᾰ́ρᾱ (kamárā, “vault, heap, mass”).

cog

incoherent mass → swarm (of insects), covey (of birds), crowd (of people)


pluti

plùti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
plutьje (noun-from-verb)
pluti (infinitive)
plutъ (supine)
plulъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
plutъ (participle passive past)
plovomъ (participle passive present)
pluvъ (active participle past)
plovy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
pluxъ (aorist first-person singular)
plu (aorist second-person singular)
plu (aorist singular third-person)
plovǫ (first-person present singular)
ploveši (present second-person singular)
plovetь (present singular third-person)
pluxově (aorist dual first-person)
plusta (aorist dual second-person)
pluste (aorist dual third-person)
plovevě (dual first-person present)
ploveta (dual present second-person)
plovete (dual present third-person)
pluxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
pluste (aorist plural second-person)
plušę (aorist plural third-person)
plovemъ (first-person plural present)
plovete (plural present second-person)
plovǫtь (plural present third-person)
plověaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
plověaše (imperfect second-person singular)
plověaše (imperfect singular third-person)
plovi (imperative second-person singular)
plovi (imperative singular third-person)
plověaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
plověašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
plověašete (dual imperfect third-person)
plověvě (dual first-person imperative)
plověta (dual imperative second-person)
plověaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
plověašete (imperfect plural second-person)
plověaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
plověmъ (first-person imperative plural)
plověte (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

desc

Old Cyrillic script: плоу (plu, 3sg aorist)

Glagolitic script: ⱂⰾⱆ (plu)

Bulgarian: плу́вам (plúvam)

Serbo-Croatian: (obsolete)

Cyrillic script: плу̏ти

Latin script: plȕti

Slovene: plúti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: plúti

Czech: plout

Polabian: plaut

Slovak: pluť

Non-Slavic:

Romanian: pluti

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *plauˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₃(w)-.


zola

zolà (canonical feminine)
c (accent-paradigm)
zolà (nominative singular)
zȍlě (dual nominative)
zȍly (nominative plural)
zolý (genitive singular)
zolù (dual genitive)
zòlъ (genitive plural)
zolě̀ (dative singular)
zolàma (dative dual)
zolàmъ (dative plural)
zȍlǫ (accusative singular)
zȍlě (accusative dual)
zȍly (accusative plural)
zolojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
zolàma (dual instrumental)
zolàmi (instrumental plural)
zȍlě (locative singular)
zolù (dual locative)
zolàsъ (locative plural)
zolàxъ (locative plural)
zolo (singular vocative)
zȍlě (dual vocative)
zȍly (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: зала́ (zalá)

Russian: зола́ (zolá, “ashes”)

Ukrainian: зола́ (zolá, “ashes”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: зола (zola)

→ Romanian: zoale (“dirt”)

Bulgarian: зола́ (zolá) (dated)

West Slavic:

Czech: zola

Old Polish: zoła

Slovak: zola

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: zoła

Upper Sorbian: zoło

→ Romanian: zoaie (“dishwater, hogwash”) (possibly)

Uncertain, formally identical to the root of Proto-Slavic *nazola (“anguish, spite”), *zoliti (“to irritate”), which seem akin to Lithuanian žalà (“damage, harm”), Latvian zàlba (“damage, wound, scar”) and Proto-Germanic *gallō (“gall, poison”). Both Derksen (explicitly) and Vasmer (implicitly) relate these terms with Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“to shine, to sprout (for vegetation)”), adding as a cognate Ancient Greek χολή (kholḗ, “bile”).
Alternatively, possibly related to Ancient Greek γελῶ (gelô, “glimmer”), Ancient Greek γαλήνος (galḗnos, “still, calm, serene”) from Proto-Indo-European *ǵelH-.
Georgiev also considers connection with Proto-Germanic *kulą (“coal”), Sanskrit ज्वलति (jvalati, “to blaze”) which however are from Proto-Indo-European *ǵwelH- (“to burn, to shine”) - formally incompatible with (proper) Proto-Slavic *zola.


okolina

okolina (nominative singular)
okolině (dual nominative)
okoliny (nominative plural)
okoliny (genitive singular)
okolinu (dual genitive)
okolinъ (genitive plural)
okolině (dative singular)
okolinama (dative dual)
okolinamъ (dative plural)
okolinǫ (accusative singular)
okolině (accusative dual)
okoliny (accusative plural)
okolinojǫ (instrumental singular)
okolinǫ (instrumental singular)
okolinama (dual instrumental)
okolinami (instrumental plural)
okolině (locative singular)
okolinu (dual locative)
okolinasъ (locative plural)
okolinaxъ (locative plural)
okolino (singular vocative)
okolině (dual vocative)
okoliny (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: околина (okolina)

Glagolitic script: ⱁⰽⱁⰾⰻⱀⰰ (okolina)

Bulgarian: око́лина (okólina)

Macedonian: околина (okolina)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: околѝна

Latin script: okolìna

West Slavic:

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wokolina

Lower Sorbian: wokolina


kopriva

kopriva (nominative singular)
koprivě (dual nominative)
koprivy (nominative plural)
koprivy (genitive singular)
koprivu (dual genitive)
koprivъ (genitive plural)
koprivě (dative singular)
koprivama (dative dual)
koprivamъ (dative plural)
koprivǫ (accusative singular)
koprivě (accusative dual)
koprivy (accusative plural)
koprivojǫ (instrumental singular)
koprivǫ (instrumental singular)
koprivama (dual instrumental)
koprivami (instrumental plural)
koprivě (locative singular)
koprivu (dual locative)
koprivasъ (locative plural)
koprivaxъ (locative plural)
koprivo (singular vocative)
koprivě (dual vocative)
koprivy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: кропива (kropiva), крапива (krapiva)

Belarusian: крапіва́ (krapivá), but dialectally also крапі́ва (krapíva)

Russian: крапи́ва (krapíva)

Ukrainian: кропива́ (kropyvá), but dialectally also кропи́ва (kropýva)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: коприва (kopriva)

Glagolitic script: ⰽⱁⱂⱃⰻⰲⰰ (kopriva)

Bulgarian: копри́ва (kopríva), dial. покри́ва (pokríva)

Macedonian: ко́прива (kópriva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ко̀прива

Latin script: kòpriva

Slovene: kopríva, formerly dialectally also kropíva

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kopřiva

Czech: kopřiva

Polabian: ťüpraivă

Old Polish: koprzywa

Polish: pokrzywa

desctree

Polish: pokrzywa
→ Yiddish: פּאָקשיװע (pokshive), פּאָקזשיװע (pokzhive)

Old Slovak: kopriwa

Slovak: kopriva (dialectal)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: kopřiwa

Lower Sorbian: kopśiwa

By surface *koprъ (“dill”) + *-ivъ + *-a, probably from the original sense steaming, scalding found in the root *kopněti (“to melt (for snow), to hope”), *kypěti (“to boil up”), because of the burning feel on the human skin on touch of this plant. For similar semantic development, compare dial. Czech žeřica (“nettle”) (from Proto-Slavic *žarъ (“embers”)), German Brennnessel (“nettle”) (from German brennen (“to burn”)), Dutch brandnetel from branden (“to burn”), Latin ūrtīca from ūrere (“to burn”). Unlikely from the sense aroma applied in *koprъ and attested in the related lemmas Lithuanian kvãpas (“aroma”), Lithuanian kvėpti (“to smell, to breath”), since nettle does not have any particular smell.
A secondary reason of the relation to *koprъ (“dill”) may be the use of both as a food supplement.
The form *kropiva to which some forms point is modelled after *kropiti (“to besprinkle”) conceiving the crop’s conspicuous manner of distribution.


lasica

East Slavic:

desc

Belarusian: ла́сіца (lásica), ла́ска (láska)

Russian: ла́сица (lásica) dialectally, standard ла́ска (láska)

→ Komi-Zyrian: ласича (laśića)

Ukrainian: ла́сиця (lásycja), ла́ска (láska)

South Slavic:

Macedonian: ласица (lasica)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ла̀сица

Latin script: làsica

West Slavic:

Old Czech: lasicě

Czech: lasice, dialectally laska

Polish: łasica, also łaska

Slovak: lasica, dialectally laska

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: łasyca, dialectally łaska

Upper Sorbian: lastwička (archaic)


kleveta

kleveta (nominative singular)
klevetě (dual nominative)
klevety (nominative plural)
klevety (genitive singular)
klevetu (dual genitive)
klevetъ (genitive plural)
klevetě (dative singular)
klevetama (dative dual)
klevetamъ (dative plural)
klevetǫ (accusative singular)
klevetě (accusative dual)
klevety (accusative plural)
klevetojǫ (instrumental singular)
klevetǫ (instrumental singular)
klevetama (dual instrumental)
klevetami (instrumental plural)
klevetě (locative singular)
klevetu (dual locative)
klevetasъ (locative plural)
klevetaxъ (locative plural)
kleveto (singular vocative)
klevetě (dual vocative)
klevety (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: клевета (kleveta)

Ukrainian: клевета (kleveta)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: клевета (kleveta)

Glagolitic script: ⰽⰾⰵⰲⰵⱅⰰ (kleveta)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: клѐвета

Latin script: klèveta

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kleveta

Czech: kleveta

Slovak: klebeta

Of uncertain provenance.
Vasmer connects it with *klьvati (“to peck, pick (of a bird)”). However, Trubachev proposes a better comparison with dialectal Czech kleviti(se) (“to gossip”) and Arkhangelsk dialectal Russian клевить (klevitʹ, “to tease, pester”).


delto

dēltò (canonical neuter)
b (accent-paradigm)
dēltò (nominative singular)
dẽltě (dual nominative)
dēltà (nominative plural)
dēltà (genitive singular)
dēltù (dual genitive)
dẽltъ (genitive plural)
dēltù (dative singular)
dēltòma (dative dual)
dēltòmъ (dative plural)
dēltò (accusative singular)
dẽltě (accusative dual)
dēltà (accusative plural)
dēltъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
dēltòmь (instrumental singular)
dēltòma (dual instrumental)
dẽlty (instrumental plural)
dēltě̀ (locative singular)
dēltù (dual locative)
dẽltěxъ (locative plural)
dēltò (singular vocative)
dẽltě (dual vocative)
dēltà (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

desc

Bulgarian: длето́ (dletó), для́то (dljáto) (dialectal)

Macedonian: дле́то (dléto)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дле́то / длијѐто / длије́то

Latin script: dléto / dlijèto / dlijéto

Slovene: dlẹ́to (tonal orthography)


saditi

sadìti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
saďenьje (noun-from-verb)
saditi (infinitive)
saditъ (supine)
sadilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
saďenъ (participle passive past)
sadimъ (participle passive present)
saďь (active participle past)
sadę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
sadixъ (aorist first-person singular)
sadi (aorist second-person singular)
sadi (aorist singular third-person)
saďǫ (first-person present singular)
sadiši (present second-person singular)
saditь (present singular third-person)
sadixově (aorist dual first-person)
sadista (aorist dual second-person)
sadiste (aorist dual third-person)
sadivě (dual first-person present)
sadita (dual present second-person)
sadite (dual present third-person)
sadixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sadiste (aorist plural second-person)
sadišę (aorist plural third-person)
sadimъ (first-person plural present)
sadite (plural present second-person)
sadętь (plural present third-person)
saďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
saďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
saďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sadi (imperative second-person singular)
sadi (imperative singular third-person)
saďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
saďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
saďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sadivě (dual first-person imperative)
sadita (dual imperative second-person)
saďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
saďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
saďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sadimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sadite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: садити (saditi)

Belarusian: садзі́ць (sadzícʹ)

Russian: сади́ть (sadítʹ), 1sg. сажу́ (sažú), 3sg. са́дит (sádit)

Ukrainian: сади́ти (sadýty), 1sg. саджу́ (sadžú)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: садити (saditi), саждѫ (saždǫ)

Glagolitic: [Term?]

Bulgarian: садя́ (sadjá)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: са́дити, 1sg. са̑дӣм

Latin: sáditi, 1sg. sȃdīm

Slovene: sadíti (tonal orthography), 1sg. sadím (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: saditi (archaic)

Polabian: sodĕt

Polish: sadzić, 1sg. sadzę

Slovak: sadiť

Slovincian: sadzëc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: sadzić

Lower Sorbian: sajźiś

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: sădi

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sōdī́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *sodéyeti, causative of *sed- (“to sit”). Baltic cognates include Lithuanian sodìnti (“to set, to plant”), Old Prussian saddinna (“sets”, 3sg.) (i.e. sadina). Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit सादयति (sādáyati, “to set”), Proto-Germanic *satjaną.


sijati

a (accent-paradigm)
sětьje (noun-from-verb)
sijati (infinitive)
sijatъ (supine)
sělъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
sěvъ (active participle past)
sěję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
sěxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sě (aorist second-person singular)
sě (aorist singular third-person)
sějǫ (first-person present singular)
sěješi (present second-person singular)
sějetь (present singular third-person)
sěxově (aorist dual first-person)
sěsta (aorist dual second-person)
sěste (aorist dual third-person)
sějevě (dual first-person present)
sějeta (dual present second-person)
sějete (dual present third-person)
sěxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sěste (aorist plural second-person)
sěšę (aorist plural third-person)
sějemъ (first-person plural present)
sějete (plural present second-person)
sějǫtь (plural present third-person)
sěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sěji (imperative second-person singular)
sěji (imperative singular third-person)
sěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sějivě (dual first-person imperative)
sějita (dual imperative second-person)
sěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sějite (imperative plural second-person)
a (accent-paradigm)
sijanьje (noun-from-verb)
sijati (infinitive)
sijatъ (supine)
sijalъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
sijavъ (active participle past)
sijaję (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
sijaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
sija (aorist second-person singular)
sija (aorist singular third-person)
sijajǫ (first-person present singular)
sijaješi (present second-person singular)
sijajetь (present singular third-person)
sijaxově (aorist dual first-person)
sijasta (aorist dual second-person)
sijaste (aorist dual third-person)
sijajevě (dual first-person present)
sijajeta (dual present second-person)
sijajete (dual present third-person)
sijaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
sijaste (aorist plural second-person)
sijašę (aorist plural third-person)
sijajemъ (first-person plural present)
sijajete (plural present second-person)
sijajǫtь (plural present third-person)
sijaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
sijaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
sijaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
sijaji (imperative second-person singular)
sijaji (imperative singular third-person)
sijaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
sijaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
sijaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
sijajivě (dual first-person imperative)
sijajita (dual imperative second-person)
sijaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
sijaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
sijaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
sijajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
sijajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сиꙗти (sijati)

Belarusian: ззяць (zzjacʹ)

Russian: сия́ть (sijátʹ)

Ukrainian: ся́яти (sjájaty), ся́ти (sjáty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: сиꙗти (sijati)

Glagolitic script: [Term?]

Bulgarian: сия́я (sijája), осе́я (oséja)

Macedonian: сјае (sjae)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сѝјати, сја̏ти

Latin script: sìjati, sjȁti

Slovene: sijáti

West Slavic:

Kashubian: sëjac (“illuminate”)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₁y- (“to shine”), related to Proto-Germanic *skīnaną (“to shine”), Proto-Germanic *skīmarōną (“to shimmer”). Both root thematic and secondary stative conjugation in *-jati are attested, with no difference in meaning.


trajati

tràjati (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
trajanьje (noun-from-verb)
trajati (infinitive)
trajatъ (supine)
trajalъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
trajanъ (participle passive past)
trajemъ (participle passive present)
trajavъ (active participle past)
traję (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
trajaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
traja (aorist second-person singular)
traja (aorist singular third-person)
trajǫ (first-person present singular)
traješi (present second-person singular)
trajetь (present singular third-person)
trajaxově (aorist dual first-person)
trajasta (aorist dual second-person)
trajaste (aorist dual third-person)
trajevě (dual first-person present)
trajeta (dual present second-person)
trajete (dual present third-person)
trajaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
trajaste (aorist plural second-person)
trajašę (aorist plural third-person)
trajemъ (first-person plural present)
trajete (plural present second-person)
trajǫtь (plural present third-person)
trajaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
trajaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
trajaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
traji (imperative second-person singular)
traji (imperative singular third-person)
trajaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
trajaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
trajaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
trajivě (dual first-person imperative)
trajita (dual imperative second-person)
trajaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
trajaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
trajaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
trajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
trajite (imperative plural second-person)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: траꙗти (trajati)

Bulgarian: тра́я (trája)

Macedonian: трае (trae)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тра̏јати

Latin script: trȁjati

Slovene: trȃjati (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: tráti (contracted)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: trać

Lower Sorbian: traś

Non-Slavic:

→ Megleno-Romanian: trăies

→ Romanian: trăi (“to live, to exist”)

desc

→ Ukrainian: трай (traj, “fate, success”)

→ Romani: träil, trail

Formally from Proto-Indo-European *tréh₂yeti + *-jati, ye-present from Proto-Indo-European *treh₂- (“to pass through”). Cognate with Sanskrit त्रायते (trāyáte, “to protect”), possibly Latin intrāre (“to enter”).


motriti

motrìti (canonical)
motřenьje (noun-from-verb)
motriti (infinitive)
motritъ (supine)
motrilъ (l-participle)
motřenъ (participle passive past)
motrimъ (participle passive present)
motřь (active participle past)
motrę (active participle present)
motrixъ (aorist first-person singular)
motri (aorist second-person singular)
motri (aorist singular third-person)
motřǫ (first-person present singular)
motriši (present second-person singular)
motritь (present singular third-person)
motrixově (aorist dual first-person)
motrista (aorist dual second-person)
motriste (aorist dual third-person)
motrivě (dual first-person present)
motrita (dual present second-person)
motrite (dual present third-person)
motrixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
motriste (aorist plural second-person)
motrišę (aorist plural third-person)
motrimъ (first-person plural present)
motrite (plural present second-person)
motrętь (plural present third-person)
motřaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
motřaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
motřaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
motri (imperative second-person singular)
motri (imperative singular third-person)
motřaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
motřaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
motřaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
motrivě (dual first-person imperative)
motrita (dual imperative second-person)
motřaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
motřaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
motřaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
motrimъ (first-person imperative plural)
motrite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *мотрити (*motriti)

desc

Russian: мотри́ть (motrítʹ), мотре́ть (motrétʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Church Slavonic: мотрити (motriti)

Bulgarian: мо́тря (mótrja); мо́три́м (mótrím) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мо̀трити

Latin script: mòtriti

Slovene: mótriti (tonal orthography)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *mat(r)ī́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *met- (“to discern”), related to Lithuanian matýti (“to look at, watch”), matrùs (“vigilant”).


nicati

nicanьje (noun-from-verb)
nicati (infinitive)
nicatъ (supine)
nicalъ (l-participle)
nicanъ (participle passive past)
nicajemъ (participle passive present)
nicavъ (active participle past)
nicaję (active participle present)
nicaxъ (aorist first-person singular)
nica (aorist second-person singular)
nica (aorist singular third-person)
nicajǫ (first-person present singular)
nicaješi (present second-person singular)
nicajetь (present singular third-person)
nicaxově (aorist dual first-person)
nicasta (aorist dual second-person)
nicaste (aorist dual third-person)
nicajevě (dual first-person present)
nicajeta (dual present second-person)
nicajete (dual present third-person)
nicaxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
nicaste (aorist plural second-person)
nicašę (aorist plural third-person)
nicajemъ (first-person plural present)
nicajete (plural present second-person)
nicajǫtь (plural present third-person)
nicaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
nicaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
nicaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
nicaji (imperative second-person singular)
nicaji (imperative singular third-person)
nicaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
nicaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
nicaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
nicajivě (dual first-person imperative)
nicajita (dual imperative second-person)
nicaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
nicaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
nicaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
nicajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
nicajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: никати (nikati)

Russian: ни́кать (níkatʹ) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Unspecified script:

Unspecified script:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ни̏цати

Latin script: nȉcati

Slovene: nikati

West Slavic:

Czech: níceti, niceti

Slovak: nicať


trošiti

trošenьje (noun-from-verb)
trošiti (infinitive)
trošitъ (supine)
trošilъ (l-participle)
trošenъ (participle passive past)
trošimъ (participle passive present)
trošь (active participle past)
trošę (active participle present)
trošixъ (aorist first-person singular)
troši (aorist second-person singular)
troši (aorist singular third-person)
trošǫ (first-person present singular)
trošiši (present second-person singular)
trošitь (present singular third-person)
trošixově (aorist dual first-person)
trošista (aorist dual second-person)
trošiste (aorist dual third-person)
trošivě (dual first-person present)
trošita (dual present second-person)
trošite (dual present third-person)
trošixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
trošiste (aorist plural second-person)
trošišę (aorist plural third-person)
trošimъ (first-person plural present)
trošite (plural present second-person)
trošętь (plural present third-person)
trošaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
trošaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
trošaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
troši (imperative second-person singular)
troši (imperative singular third-person)
trošaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
trošaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
trošaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
trošivě (dual first-person imperative)
trošita (dual imperative second-person)
trošaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
trošaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
trošaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
trošimъ (first-person imperative plural)
trošite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: троши́ть (trošítʹ)

South Slavic

Bulgarian: троша́ (trošá)

Macedonian: троши (troši)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тро̀шити

Latin script: tròšiti

Slovene: trošíti (tonal orthography)


blizna

blizna (nominative singular)
blizně (dual nominative)
blizny (nominative plural)
blizny (genitive singular)
bliznu (dual genitive)
bliznъ (genitive plural)
blizně (dative singular)
bliznama (dative dual)
bliznamъ (dative plural)
bliznǫ (accusative singular)
blizně (accusative dual)
blizny (accusative plural)
bliznojǫ (instrumental singular)
bliznǫ (instrumental singular)
bliznama (dual instrumental)
bliznami (instrumental plural)
blizně (locative singular)
bliznu (dual locative)
bliznasъ (locative plural)
bliznaxъ (locative plural)
blizno (singular vocative)
blizně (dual vocative)
blizny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: близна (blizna)

Belarusian: блюзна́ (bljuzná)

Russian: близна́ (blizná)

Ukrainian: близна́ (blyzná)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: близна́ (blizná)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бли̏зна

Latin script: blȉzna

West Slavic:

Czech: blizna

Old Polish: blizna

Polish: blizna

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: bluzna

Upper Sorbian: błuzna

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰliǵ-, zero-grade of Proto-Indo-European *bʰleyǵ- (“to dazzle, to strike”). Morphologically *bliz- + *-na. Cognate with Latin flīgere.


nizina

nizina f} (canonical)
nizina (nominative singular)
nizině (dual nominative)
niziny (nominative plural)
niziny (genitive singular)
nizinu (dual genitive)
nizinъ (genitive plural)
nizině (dative singular)
nizinama (dative dual)
nizinamъ (dative plural)
nizinǫ (accusative singular)
nizině (accusative dual)
niziny (accusative plural)
nizinojǫ (instrumental singular)
nizinǫ (instrumental singular)
nizinama (dual instrumental)
nizinami (instrumental plural)
nizině (locative singular)
nizinu (dual locative)
nizinasъ (locative plural)
nizinaxъ (locative plural)
nizino (singular vocative)
nizině (dual vocative)
niziny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: низина (nizina)

Belarusian: нізіна (nizina)

Russian: низи́на (nizína)

Ukrainian: низина́ (nyzyná)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: низина́ (niziná)

Macedonian: низина (nizina)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: низѝна

Latin script: nizìna

Slovene: nizína (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: nížina

Polish: nizina

Slovak: nížina

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: nížina

Lower Sorbian: nížyna


gubiti

gubìti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
gubľenьje (noun-from-verb)
gubiti (infinitive)
gubitъ (supine)
gubilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
gubľenъ (participle passive past)
gubimъ (participle passive present)
gubľь (active participle past)
gubę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
gubixъ (aorist first-person singular)
gubi (aorist second-person singular)
gubi (aorist singular third-person)
gubľǫ (first-person present singular)
gubiši (present second-person singular)
gubitь (present singular third-person)
gubixově (aorist dual first-person)
gubista (aorist dual second-person)
gubiste (aorist dual third-person)
gubivě (dual first-person present)
gubita (dual present second-person)
gubite (dual present third-person)
gubixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
gubiste (aorist plural second-person)
gubišę (aorist plural third-person)
gubimъ (first-person plural present)
gubite (plural present second-person)
gubętь (plural present third-person)
gubľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
gubľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
gubľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
gubi (imperative second-person singular)
gubi (imperative singular third-person)
gubľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
gubľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
gubľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
gubivě (dual first-person imperative)
gubita (dual imperative second-person)
gubľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
gubľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
gubľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
gubimъ (first-person imperative plural)
gubite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гꙋбити (gubiti) (accent paradigm c)

Belarusian: губі́ць (hubícʹ)

Russian: губи́ть (gubítʹ)

Ukrainian: губи́ти (hubýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: гоубити (gubiti)

Glagolitic: ⰳⱆⰱⰻⱅⰻ (gubiti)

Bulgarian: гу́бя (gúbja)

Macedonian: губи (gubi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гу̀бити

Latin script: gùbiti

Slovene: gubīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: hubit

Polabian: ďaibĕt

Polish: gubić

Slovak: hubiť

Slovincian: gúbjic

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: hubić

Lower Sorbian: gubiś

Per Derksen, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰowbʰ-eye-, causative/iterative of the root *gʰewbʰ-. Compare *gỳbnǫti (“to perish”). Also cognate with *gъbnǫti (“to bend”). Other scholars reconstruct the PIE root differently; see discussion under Proto-Balto-Slavic *gúbtei.


buditi

budìti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
buďenьje (noun-from-verb)
buditi (infinitive)
buditъ (supine)
budilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
buďenъ (participle passive past)
budimъ (participle passive present)
buďь (active participle past)
budę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
budixъ (aorist first-person singular)
budi (aorist second-person singular)
budi (aorist singular third-person)
buďǫ (first-person present singular)
budiši (present second-person singular)
buditь (present singular third-person)
budixově (aorist dual first-person)
budista (aorist dual second-person)
budiste (aorist dual third-person)
budivě (dual first-person present)
budita (dual present second-person)
budite (dual present third-person)
budixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
budiste (aorist plural second-person)
budišę (aorist plural third-person)
budimъ (first-person plural present)
budite (plural present second-person)
budętь (plural present third-person)
buďaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
buďaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
buďaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
budi (imperative second-person singular)
budi (imperative singular third-person)
buďaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
buďaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
buďaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
budivě (dual first-person imperative)
budita (dual imperative second-person)
buďaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
buďaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
buďaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
budimъ (first-person imperative plural)
budite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: будити (buditi)

Old Ruthenian: будити (buditi)

Belarusian: будзі́ць (budzícʹ)

Ukrainian: буди́ти (budýty)

Russian: буди́ть (budítʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: боудити (buditi)

Glagolitic script: ⰱⱆⰴⰻⱅⰻ (buditi)

Bulgarian: бу́дя (búdja)

Macedonian: буди (budi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бу́дити

Latin script: búditi

Slovene: budīti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: buditi

Czech: budit

Kashubian: bùdzëc

Polish: budzić

Slovak: budiť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: budźić

Lower Sorbian: buźiś

Non-Slavic:

→⇒ Lithuanian: pabūdinti

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *báudīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰowdʰéyeti, causative of *bʰewdʰ- (“to be awake”). Cognate with Sanskrit बोधयति (bodháyati).


aviti

avìti (canonical)
c (accent-paradigm)
avľenьje (noun-from-verb)
aviti (infinitive)
avitъ (supine)
avilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
avľenъ (participle passive past)
avimъ (participle passive present)
avľь (active participle past)
avę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
avixъ (aorist first-person singular)
avi (aorist second-person singular)
avi (aorist singular third-person)
avľǫ (first-person present singular)
aviši (present second-person singular)
avitь (present singular third-person)
avixově (aorist dual first-person)
avista (aorist dual second-person)
aviste (aorist dual third-person)
avivě (dual first-person present)
avita (dual present second-person)
avite (dual present third-person)
avixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
aviste (aorist plural second-person)
avišę (aorist plural third-person)
avimъ (first-person plural present)
avite (plural present second-person)
avętь (plural present third-person)
avľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
avľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
avľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
avi (imperative second-person singular)
avi (imperative singular third-person)
avľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
avľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
avľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
avivě (dual first-person imperative)
avita (dual imperative second-person)
avľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
avľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
avľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
avimъ (first-person imperative plural)
avite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ꙗвити (javiti)

Old Ruthenian: ꙗви́ти (javíti)

Ukrainian: яви́ти (javýty)

Russian: яви́ть (javítʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: авити (aviti)

Bulgarian: явя́ (javjá)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ја́вити

Latin script: jáviti

Slovene: jáviti se

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jěviti

Czech: jevit

Polabian: vüöb-óvе

Polish: jawić się

Slovak: javiť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: zjewić

Lower Sorbian: zjawiś

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew- (“to perceive, see, be aware of”).
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian ovytis (“to appear”). Wider cognates include Proto-Germanic *awiz (“obvious”) and Sanskrit आविस् (āvís, “manifestly, evidently”).


vesna

vesnà (canonical feminine)
c (accent-paradigm)
vesnà (nominative singular)
vȅsně (dual nominative)
vȅsny (nominative plural)
vesný (genitive singular)
vesnù (dual genitive)
vèsnъ (genitive plural)
vesně̀ (dative singular)
vesnàma (dative dual)
vesnàmъ (dative plural)
vȅsnǫ (accusative singular)
vȅsně (accusative dual)
vȅsny (accusative plural)
vesnojǫ́ (instrumental singular)
vesnàma (dual instrumental)
vesnàmi (instrumental plural)
vȅsně (locative singular)
vesnù (dual locative)
vesnàsъ (locative plural)
vesnàxъ (locative plural)
vesno (singular vocative)
vȅsně (dual vocative)
vȅsny (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: весна (vesna)

Old Ruthenian: весна (vesna)

Belarusian: вясна́ (vjasná)

Ukrainian: весна́ (vesná)

Russian: весна́ (vesná)

Old Pskovian: вешна (vešna)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: весна (vesna)

Glagolitic: ⰲⰵⱄⱀⰰ (vesna)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: ве̏сна, Ве̏сна

Latin: vȅsna, Vȅsna

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vesna

Czech: vesna (poetic)

Moravian (Mistřice): vesno

Old Polish: wiosna

Polish: wiosna

Slovak: vesna (poetic)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *was(e)r, from Proto-Indo-European *wósr̥.


dražiti

a (accent-paradigm)
dráženьje (noun-from-verb)
dražiti (infinitive)
dražitъ (supine)
drážilъ (l-participle)
a (accent-paradigm)
dráženъ (participle passive past)
drážimъ (participle passive present)
drážь (active participle past)
drážę (active participle present)
a (accent-paradigm)
drážixъ (aorist first-person singular)
dráži (aorist second-person singular)
dráži (aorist singular third-person)
drážǫ (first-person present singular)
drážiši (present second-person singular)
drážitь (present singular third-person)
drážixově (aorist dual first-person)
drážista (aorist dual second-person)
drážiste (aorist dual third-person)
dráživě (dual first-person present)
drážita (dual present second-person)
drážite (dual present third-person)
drážixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
drážiste (aorist plural second-person)
drážišę (aorist plural third-person)
drážimъ (first-person plural present)
drážite (plural present second-person)
drážętь (plural present third-person)
drážaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
drážaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
drážaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
dráži (imperative second-person singular)
dráži (imperative singular third-person)
drážaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
drážaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
drážaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dráživě (dual first-person imperative)
drážita (dual imperative second-person)
drážaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
drážaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
drážaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
drážimъ (first-person imperative plural)
drážite (imperative plural second-person)
c (accent-paradigm)
draženьje (noun-from-verb)
dražiti (infinitive)
dražitъ (supine)
dražilъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
draženъ (participle passive past)
dražimъ (participle passive present)
dražь (active participle past)
dražę (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
dražixъ (aorist first-person singular)
draži (aorist second-person singular)
draži (aorist singular third-person)
dražǫ (first-person present singular)
dražiši (present second-person singular)
dražitь (present singular third-person)
dražixově (aorist dual first-person)
dražista (aorist dual second-person)
dražiste (aorist dual third-person)
draživě (dual first-person present)
dražita (dual present second-person)
dražite (dual present third-person)
dražixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
dražiste (aorist plural second-person)
dražišę (aorist plural third-person)
dražimъ (first-person plural present)
dražite (plural present second-person)
dražętь (plural present third-person)
dražaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
dražaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
dražaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
draži (imperative second-person singular)
draži (imperative singular third-person)
dražaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
dražaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
dražaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
draživě (dual first-person imperative)
dražita (dual imperative second-person)
dražaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
dražaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
dražaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dražimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dražite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Russian: раздражи́ть (razdražítʹ)

Ukrainian: дратувати (dratuvaty) (possibly?)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: раздражити (razdražiti, “incite”)

Glagolitic: ⱃⰰⰸⰴⱃⰰⰶⰹⱅⰹ (razdražiti)

Bulgarian: дра́жем (drážem) (dialectic)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дра́жити

Latin script: drážiti

Slovene: drážiti

West Slavic:

Old Czech: drážiti

Czech: dráždit

Slovak: drážiť (dialectal)

Uncertain. Commonly explained as descending from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreh₂gʰ- (“to stir up”), from which also descend Sanskrit द्राघते (drāghate, “to torment”) and English dreccan (“to torture”) (from Proto-Germanic *drakjaną). Derksen, however, doubts this derivation because of the conflicting intonation within Russian.
An alternative reconstruction is from Proto-Slavic *dra- (“to skin, to tear”) + *-ž- + *-iti, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to tear”) (cf Proto-Slavic *draskati (“to scratch”) and Proto-Slavic *drāpàti (“to pluck”)).


točiti

točenьje (noun-from-verb)
točiti (infinitive)
točitъ (supine)
točilъ (l-participle)
točenъ (participle passive past)
točimъ (participle passive present)
točь (active participle past)
točę (active participle present)
točixъ (aorist first-person singular)
toči (aorist second-person singular)
toči (aorist singular third-person)
točǫ (first-person present singular)
točiši (present second-person singular)
točitь (present singular third-person)
točixově (aorist dual first-person)
točista (aorist dual second-person)
točiste (aorist dual third-person)
točivě (dual first-person present)
točita (dual present second-person)
točite (dual present third-person)
točixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
točiste (aorist plural second-person)
točišę (aorist plural third-person)
točimъ (first-person plural present)
točite (plural present second-person)
točętь (plural present third-person)
točaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
točaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
točaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
toči (imperative second-person singular)
toči (imperative singular third-person)
točaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
točaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
točaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
točivě (dual first-person imperative)
točita (dual imperative second-person)
točaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
točaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
točaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
točimъ (first-person imperative plural)
točite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: точити (točiti)

Belarusian: тачы́ць (tačýcʹ)

Russian: точи́ть (točítʹ)

Ukrainian: точи́ти (točýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: точити (točiti)

Glagolitic: ⱅⱁⱍⰻⱅⰻ (točiti)

Bulgarian: то́ча (tóča)

Macedonian: точи (toči)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: то̀чити

Latin script: tòčiti

Slovene: tóčiti

West Slavic:

Old Czech: točiti

Czech: točit

Kashubian: toczëc

Old Polish: toczyć

Polish: toczyć

Slovak: točiť

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: točić

Lower Sorbian: tocyś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *takeitei, from Proto-Indo-European *tokʷ-éye-ti, causative of *tekʷ- (“to run, flow”).