pečivo

pečìvo (canonical neuter)
pečivo (nominative singular)
pečivě (dual nominative)
pečiva (nominative plural)
pečiva (genitive singular)
pečivu (dual genitive)
pečivъ (genitive plural)
pečivu (dative singular)
pečivoma (dative dual)
pečivomъ (dative plural)
pečivo (accusative singular)
pečivě (accusative dual)
pečiva (accusative plural)
pečivъmь (instrumental singular)
pečivomь (instrumental singular)
pečivoma (dual instrumental)
pečivy (instrumental plural)
pečivě (locative singular)
pečivu (dual locative)
pečivěxъ (locative plural)
pečivo (singular vocative)
pečivě (dual vocative)
pečiva (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: пе́чыва (pjéčyva)

Ukrainian: пе́чиво (péčyvo)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: печи́во (pečívo), пе́чиво (péčivo)

Macedonian: печиво (pečivo)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: пе̏цӣво

Latin script: pȅcīvo

Slovene: pecívo

West Slavic:

Czech: pečivo

Polish: pieczywo

Slovak: pečivo

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: pječwo

Product/instrumental noun of *pekti (“to bake”) + *-ivo.

baked good (e.g. bread, bun, cookies, pastry)


moky

moky (nominative singular)
mokъvi (dual nominative)
mokъvi (nominative plural)
mokъve (genitive singular)
mokъvu (dual genitive)
mokъvъ (genitive plural)
mokъvi (dative singular)
mokъvьma (dative dual)
mokъvama (dative dual)
mokъvьmъ (dative plural)
mokъvamъ (dative plural)
mokъvь (accusative singular)
mokъvi (accusative dual)
mokъvi (accusative plural)
mokъvьjǫ (instrumental singular)
mokъvľǫ (instrumental singular)
mokъvьma (dual instrumental)
mokъvama (dual instrumental)
mokъvьmi (instrumental plural)
mokъvami (instrumental plural)
mokъve (locative singular)
mokъvu (dual locative)
mokъvьxъ (locative plural)
mokъvaxъ (locative plural)
moky (singular vocative)
mokъvi (dual vocative)
mokъvi (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: моква́ (mokvá)

Russian: моква́ (mokvá) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

desc

⇒ Old Czech: mokvati (“to ooze, exude, trickle”)

Czech: mokvati

Kashubian: Mokwa (surname)

Polish: mokwa (dialectal)

Slovak: mokva

⇒ Slovak: mokvať (“to soak, be wet”)


starati

sę (romanization)
staranьje (noun-from-verb)
starati (infinitive)
staratъ (supine)
staralъ (l-participle)
staranъ (participle passive past)
starajemъ (participle passive present)
staravъ (active participle past)
staraję (active participle present)
staraxъ (aorist first-person singular)
stara (aorist second-person singular)
stara (aorist singular third-person)
starajǫ (first-person present singular)
staraješi (present second-person singular)
starajetь (present singular third-person)
staraxově (aorist dual first-person)
starasta (aorist dual second-person)
staraste (aorist dual third-person)
starajevě (dual first-person present)
starajeta (dual present second-person)
starajete (dual present third-person)
staraxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
staraste (aorist plural second-person)
starašę (aorist plural third-person)
starajemъ (first-person plural present)
starajete (plural present second-person)
starajǫtь (plural present third-person)
staraaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
staraaše (imperfect second-person singular)
staraaše (imperfect singular third-person)
staraji (imperative second-person singular)
staraji (imperative singular third-person)
staraaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
staraašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
staraašete (dual imperfect third-person)
starajivě (dual first-person imperative)
starajita (dual imperative second-person)
staraaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
staraašete (imperfect plural second-person)
staraaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
starajimъ (first-person imperative plural)
starajite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic

Belarusian: стара́цца (starácca)

Russian: стара́ться (starátʹsja)

Ukrainian: стара́тися (starátysja)

South Slavic

Bulgarian: стара́я се (starája se)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ста̏рати

Latin script: stȁrati

Slovene: stȃrati se (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: starati

Czech: starat

Slovak: starať

East Lechitic:

Polish: starać

Silesian: starać

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: starac

Slovincian: starac

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: staraś

Upper Sorbian: starać

Cognate with Lithuanian starìnti (“to pull with difficulty”) (1sg. starinù), Latvian starîgs (“zealous”), Old Prussian stūrnawiskan f (“seriousness, importance”, ins. sg.), Old English stierne (“serious, strict”), Latin sternāx (“absurd”), strēnuus (“active”), Ancient Greek στρηνής (strēnḗs, “hard, sharp”), στρῆνος (strênos, “force”).


teti

tepenьje (noun-from-verb)
teti (infinitive)
tetъ (supine)
teplъ (l-participle)
tepenъ (participle passive past)
tepomъ (participle passive present)
tepъ (active participle past)
tepy (active participle present)
tepъ (aorist first-person singular)
tepoxъ (aorist first-person singular)
tepe (aorist second-person singular)
tepe (aorist singular third-person)
tepǫ (first-person present singular)
tepeši (present second-person singular)
tepetь (present singular third-person)
tepově (aorist dual first-person)
tepoxově (aorist dual first-person)
tepeta (aorist dual second-person)
teposta (aorist dual second-person)
tepete (aorist dual third-person)
teposte (aorist dual third-person)
tepevě (dual first-person present)
tepeta (dual present second-person)
tepete (dual present third-person)
tepomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tepoxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
tepete (aorist plural second-person)
teposte (aorist plural second-person)
tepǫ (aorist plural third-person)
tepošę (aorist plural third-person)
tepemъ (first-person plural present)
tepete (plural present second-person)
tepǫtь (plural present third-person)
tepěaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
tepěaše (imperfect second-person singular)
tepěaše (imperfect singular third-person)
tepi (imperative second-person singular)
tepi (imperative singular third-person)
tepěaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
tepěašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
tepěašete (dual imperfect third-person)
tepěvě (dual first-person imperative)
tepěta (dual imperative second-person)
tepěaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
tepěašete (imperfect plural second-person)
tepěaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
tepěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
tepěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: тети (teti)

Russian: тепти́ (teptí), тети́ (tetí) (Pskov dialect), тепсти́ (tepstí) (Vologda dialect), тёпать (tjópatʹ) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: тепти́ (teptý)

South-Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: тети (teti)

Glagolitic: ⱅⰵⱅⰹ (teti)

Bulgarian: те́пам (tépam)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: те̏псти

Latin script: tȅpsti

Slovene: tépsti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: teti, tepati

Czech: tepat

Polish: ciepać (dialectal)

Silesian: ciepać

Slovak: tepať

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: ćepać

Lower Sorbian: śepaś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *teptei, with a regular loss of medial *-p- in the infinitive stem due to the law of open syllables. p has been restored in many of the daughters by analogy with the present stem, and s has been inserted into the infinitive in many of the daughters by analogy with other verbs in -sti. Compare *greti (“to dig, to rake”).
Cognate with Lithuanian tèpti (“to smear, to grease, to soil”) (1sg. tepù), Latvian tept (“to smear, to grease”) (1sg. tepju).
* Per Derksen, only Balto-Slavic, without other Indo-European cognates.
* Vasmer adds as cognates Lithuanian tapýti (“to sculpt”) (1sg. tараũ), Lithuanian tapnóti, tapšnóti (“to pat with the hand”). In addition, he asserts that dialectal Russian тепсти́ (tepstí, “to pull, to drag”) is etymologically distinct, related to Lithuanian tem̃pti (“to pull”) (1sg. tempiù), temptýva (“string”), Russian тетива́ (tetivá, “string”), Lithuanian tampýti (“to pull”) (1sg. tampaũ).


tę

jãzъ (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
ty̑ (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
mę̑ (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
tę̑ (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sę̑ (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mȅne (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
tȅbe (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
sȅbe (genitive personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mьně̀ (first-person locative personal pronoun singular)
tebě̀ (locative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sebě̀ (locative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mьně̀ (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
tebě̀ (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
ti (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sebě̀ (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
si (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mъnòjǫ (first-person instrumental personal pronoun singular)
mъnojǫ̀ (first-person instrumental personal pronoun singular)
tobòjǫ (instrumental personal pronoun second-person singular)
tobojǫ̀ (instrumental personal pronoun second-person singular)
sobòjǫ (instrumental personal pronoun reflexive singular)
sobojǫ̀ (instrumental personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mojь (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
tvojь (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
svojь (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular)
vě̑ (dual first-person nominative personal pronoun)
vȃ (dual nominative personal pronoun second-person)
nȃ (accusative dual first-person personal pronoun)
vȃ (accusative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sę̑ (accusative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
nàju (dual first-person genitive personal pronoun)
vàju (dual genitive personal pronoun second-person)
sȅbe (dual genitive personal pronoun reflexive)
nàju (dual first-person locative personal pronoun)
vàju (dual locative personal pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (dual locative personal pronoun reflexive)
nàma (dative dual first-person personal pronoun)
vàma (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
va (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
si (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
nàma (dual first-person instrumental personal pronoun)
vàma (dual instrumental personal pronoun second-person)
sobòjǫ (dual instrumental personal pronoun reflexive)
sobojǫ̀ (dual instrumental personal pronoun reflexive)
našь (dual first-person personal possessive pronoun)
vašь (dual personal possessive pronoun second-person)
svojь (dual personal possessive pronoun reflexive)
my̑ (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
vy̑ (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
ny̑ (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
vy̑ (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sę̑ (accusative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàsъ (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
vàsъ (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
sȅbe (genitive personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàsъ (first-person locative personal plural pronoun)
vàsъ (locative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (locative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàmъ (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
vàmъ (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
si (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàmi (first-person instrumental personal plural pronoun)
vàmi (instrumental personal plural pronoun second-person)
sobòjǫ (instrumental personal plural pronoun reflexive)
sobojǫ̀ (instrumental personal plural pronoun reflexive)
našь (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
vašь (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
svojь (personal plural possessive pronoun reflexive)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: цябе́ (cjabjé) (< *tębe, a blend of accusative *tę- + genitive *-be)

Russian: тебя́ (tebjá) (< *tebę, a blend of genitive *teb- + accusative *-ę)

Ukrainian: тя (tja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: тѧ

Bulgarian: те (te)

Macedonian: те (te)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: те

Latin script: te

Slovene: te

West Slavic:

Czech: tě

Polish: cię

Slovak: ťa

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: śi

Upper Sorbian: će


kory

kȍry (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
kȍry (nominative singular)
kȍreni (dual nominative)
kȍrene (nominative plural)
kȍrene (genitive singular)
korenù (dual genitive)
korènъ (genitive plural)
kȍreni (dative singular)
korenьmà (dative dual)
korènьmъ (dative plural)
kȍrenь (accusative singular)
kȍreni (accusative dual)
kȍreni (accusative plural)
kȍrenьmь (instrumental singular)
korenьmà (dual instrumental)
korenьmì (instrumental plural)
kȍrene (locative singular)
korenù (dual locative)
korènьxъ (locative plural)
kȍry (singular vocative)
kȍreni (dual vocative)
kȍrene (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ко́рань (kóranʹ)

Russian: ко́рень (kórenʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: корїнь (korjinʹ)

Ukrainian: ко́рінь (kórinʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: корень (korenĭ)

Bulgarian: ко́рен (kóren)

Macedonian: ко́рен (kóren)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ко̏ре̄н, ко̏рије̄н

Latin: kȍrēn, kȍrijēn

Slovene: korẹ̑n (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: kořen

Czech: kořen

Kashubian: kòrzéń

Polish: korzeń

Slovak: koreň

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: kórjeń

Upper Sorbian: korjeń

From Proto-Indo-European *k(ʷ)or(H)-en-. Cognate with Lithuanian kẽras (“tree-stump, stub, bush, shrub”) and Latvian cers (“bush, knotty root of a tree”).


kъňiga

kъňìga (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
kъňìga (nominative singular)
kъňìdzě (dual nominative)
kъňìgy (nominative plural)
kъňìgy (genitive singular)
kъňìgu (dual genitive)
kъňìgъ (genitive plural)
kъňìdzě (dative singular)
kъňìgama (dative dual)
kъňìgamъ (dative plural)
kъňìgǫ (accusative singular)
kъňìdzě (accusative dual)
kъňìgy (accusative plural)
kъňìgojǫ (instrumental singular)
kъňìgǭ (instrumental singular)
kъňìgama (dual instrumental)
kъňìgamī (instrumental plural)
kъňìdzě (locative singular)
kъňìgu (dual locative)
kъňìgasъ (locative plural)
kъňìgaxъ (locative plural)
kъňìgo (singular vocative)
kъňìdzě (dual vocative)
kъňìgy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: кънига (kŭniga), книга (kniga)
Old Ruthenian: кни́га (kníha)
Belarusian: кні́га (kníha)
Ukrainian: кни́га (knýha)
Russian: кни́га (kníga) (see there for further descendants)
→ Ossetian: (Iron) чиныг (ḱinyg), (Digor) киунугӕ (kiwnugæ), кинугӕ (kinugæ)
→ Erzya: кинига (kińiga)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: кънигꙑ (kŭnigy)

Bulgarian: кни́га (kníga)

Macedonian: книга (kniga)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: књи̏га

Latin script: knjȉga

Slovene: knjíga (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: knëga, knyga, knéga

Old Czech: kniha

Czech: kniha

Old Polish: knięga

⇒ Old Polish: księgi
Polish: księga
Silesian: ksiynga

Slovak: kniha

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: knigła (archaic), knigły (plurale tantum)

Upper Sorbian: kniha

Non-Slavic:

→ Lithuanian: knygà

There are multiple theories:
* Borrowed either from Old High German kenning (“symbol, sign”) or from a different Germanic source (compare Gothic 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (kunnan, “to know”) and Old Norse kunna (“to know”)).
* From Akkadian kunukkum (“seal-cylinder”) or kanīkum (“sealed object: document, sack bulla, etc.”), via Old Armenian կնիք (knikʻ, “seal”).
* Ultimate Chinese origin, from 卷 (Middle Chinese kɣiuᴇn^X, kɣiuᴇnᴴ < Old Chinese *krorʔ (“to roll up”), *kror-s (“scroll”)), as paper was invented in China around the 1st century AD. However, this seems less likely due to the likely temporal precedence of Proto-Slavic over Early Middle Chinese and the large spatial separation of the donor and recipient languages.
* Finally, Polish Slavicist Aleksander Brückner considers it to be a native word derived from Proto-Slavic *kъnъ (“trunk of a tree”) with the suffix -iga (compare Slovene veriga (“chain”), from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“tie”)). The sense development would thus be similar to German Buch and English book, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵos (“beech”), or to Latin liber, from earlier *luber, a cognate of Proto-Slavic *lubъ (“tree bark”).
The second and third theories require transmission by a Turkic or an Iranian language, but nothing is attested in them. Although sometimes cited, Chuvash кӗнеке (kĕnek̬e) and Ossetian чиныг (ḱinyg), киунугӕ (kiwnugæ) are both considered early Slavic loans. However, Hungarian könyv (“book”) and Erzya конёв (końov, “paper”), which are unlikely to derive from Slavic, testify to the early presence of this word in the Volga region.


žega

žega (nominative singular)
žedzě (dual nominative)
žegy (nominative plural)
žegy (genitive singular)
žegu (dual genitive)
žegъ (genitive plural)
žedzě (dative singular)
žegama (dative dual)
žegamъ (dative plural)
žegǫ (accusative singular)
žedzě (accusative dual)
žegy (accusative plural)
žegojǫ (instrumental singular)
žegǫ (instrumental singular)
žegama (dual instrumental)
žegami (instrumental plural)
žedzě (locative singular)
žegu (dual locative)
žegasъ (locative plural)
žegaxъ (locative plural)
žego (singular vocative)
žedzě (dual vocative)
žegy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: жёг m (žog) (obsolete)

desc

⇒ Russian: поджо́г (podžóg), ожо́г (ožóg)

Ukrainian: жо́га (žóha)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: же́га (žéga)

Macedonian: жега (žega)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: же̏га

Latin script: žȅga

Slovene: žéga (tonal orthography)

Non-Slavic:

→ Albanian: zheg

→ Romanian: jeg

Nomen actionis of *žeg-ti (“to heat”) + *-a.


dъťi

dъ̏ťi (canonical feminine)
c (accent-paradigm)
dъ̏ťi (nominative singular)
dъ̏ťeri (dual nominative)
dъ̏ťeri (nominative plural)
dъ̏ťere (genitive singular)
dъťerù (dual genitive)
dъťèrъ (genitive plural)
dъ̏ťeri (dative singular)
dъťerьmà (dative dual)
dъťèrьmъ (dative plural)
dъ̏ťerь (accusative singular)
dъ̏ťeri (accusative dual)
dъ̏ťeri (accusative plural)
dъťerьjǫ́ (instrumental singular)
dъťerьmà (dual instrumental)
dъťerьmì (instrumental plural)
dъ̏ťere (locative singular)
dъťerù (dual locative)
dъťèrьxъ (locative plural)
dъ̏ťi (singular vocative)
dъ̏ťeri (dual vocative)
dъ̏ťeri (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дъчи (dŭči), дочи (doči), дчи (dči)

Old Ruthenian: дочъ (doč)

Ukrainian: дочка (dočka), донька (donʹka)

Russian: дочь (dočʹ); до́чи́ (dóčí) (dialectal)

desctree

Old Novgorodian: дъци (dŭci)
→ Russian: доци́ (docí) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: дъщи (dŭšti)

Glagolitic script: ⰴⱏⱋⰻ (dŭšti)

desc

Bulgarian: дъщеря́ (dǎšterjá), ще́рка (štérka)

Macedonian: ќерка (ḱerka)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кћȇрка, ћȇрка, кћи̑, ћи̑, кће̑р, ће̑р, хћи, хћeр

Latin: kćȇrka, ćȇrka,kćȋ, ćȋ, kćȇr, ćȇr, hći, hćer

Slovene: hčȋ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desctree

Old Czech: dci, dceř, dcera
Czech: dcera
→ Silesian: cera
→ Old Polish: dca

Kashubian: córa, córka

Old Polish: córa
Polish: córa

Slovak: dcéra, dcérka

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *duktḗ, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰugh₂tḗr.

ętry

sister-in-law (husband's brother's wife)


ni-

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ні- (ni-)

Russian: ни- (ni-)

Ukrainian: ні- (ni-)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ни- (ni-)

Bulgarian: ни́- (ní-)

Macedonian: ни- (ni-)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ни̏-

Latin script: nȉ-

Slovene: ni-

West Slavic:

Czech: ni-

Polish: ni-

Slovak: ni-

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: ni-

Upper Sorbian: ni-

Negating prefix applied specifically on pronouns, most certainly of the same origin as Proto-Slavic *ni (“neither, not even”).


bydlo

bydlò (canonical neuter)
b (accent-paradigm)
bȳdlò (nominative singular)
bỹdlě (dual nominative)
bȳdlà (nominative plural)
bȳdlà (genitive singular)
bȳdlù (dual genitive)
bỹdlъ (genitive plural)
bȳdlù (dative singular)
bȳdlòma (dative dual)
bȳdlòmъ (dative plural)
bȳdlò (accusative singular)
bỹdlě (accusative dual)
bȳdlà (accusative plural)
bȳdlъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
bȳdlòmь (instrumental singular)
bȳdlòma (dual instrumental)
bỹdly (instrumental plural)
bȳdlě̀ (locative singular)
bȳdlù (dual locative)
bỹdlěxъ (locative plural)
bȳdlò (singular vocative)
bỹdlě (dual vocative)
bȳdlà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: было́ (byló) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: bydlo

Czech: bydlo

Old Polish: bydło

Polish: bydło

desc

→ Old East Slavic: бꙑдло (bydlo, “animal”)

Belarusian: бы́дла (býdla)

Russian: бы́дло (býdlo)

Ukrainian: би́дло (býdlo)

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: bëdło

Slovincian: bydlô

Slovak: bydlo

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: bydło

Lower Sorbian: bydło

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtla, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-tlom, from *bʰuH- + *-tlom. Equivalent to *byti (“to be”) + *-dlo (“instrumental suffix”).


xata

xata (nominative singular)
xatě (dual nominative)
xaty (nominative plural)
xaty (genitive singular)
xatu (dual genitive)
xatъ (genitive plural)
xatě (dative singular)
xatama (dative dual)
xatamъ (dative plural)
xatǫ (accusative singular)
xatě (accusative dual)
xaty (accusative plural)
xatojǫ (instrumental singular)
xatǫ (instrumental singular)
xatama (dual instrumental)
xatami (instrumental plural)
xatě (locative singular)
xatu (dual locative)
xatasъ (locative plural)
xataxъ (locative plural)
xato (singular vocative)
xatě (dual vocative)
xaty (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: *ха́та (*xáta) (dialectal)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: ха́та (xáta)
Belarusian: ха́та (xáta)
Carpathian Rusyn: ха́та (xáta)
Ukrainian: ха́та (xáta)
→ Russian: ха́та (xáta) (19ᵗʰ cent.)
→ Czech: chata; chať (dialectal)
→ Polish: chata
→ Slovak: chata
→ Slovincian: chata
→ Upper Sorbian: chata
→ Esperanto: ĥato

Borrowed from Scythian *xata, from Proto-Iranian *kátah (compare Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬙𐬀 (kata, “room, hut, cellar”), Persian کده (kade, “house”), Middle Persian 𐭪𐭩𐭪𐭲 (ktk' /kadag/, “house”)).
A possible Wanderwort, see Proto-Uralic *kota (compare Finnish kota (“hut, house”) and Hungarian ház (“house”)) for more.


modla

modla (nominative singular)
modlě (dual nominative)
modly (nominative plural)
modly (genitive singular)
modlu (dual genitive)
modlъ (genitive plural)
modlě (dative singular)
modlama (dative dual)
modlamъ (dative plural)
modlǫ (accusative singular)
modlě (accusative dual)
modly (accusative plural)
modlojǫ (instrumental singular)
modlǫ (instrumental singular)
modlama (dual instrumental)
modlami (instrumental plural)
modlě (locative singular)
modlu (dual locative)
modlasъ (locative plural)
modlaxъ (locative plural)
modlo (singular vocative)
modlě (dual vocative)
modly (plural vocative)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: mòdła

Old Czech: modla

Czech: modla

Old Polish: modła

Polish: modła

Slovak: modla

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *maldāˀ, equivalent to *modliti + *-a. Cognate with Lithuanian maldà (“prayer”), Old Prussian maddla (“prayer”).


ormo

òrmo (canonical neuter)
a (accent-paradigm)
òrmo (nominative singular)
òrmě (dual nominative)
òrma (nominative plural)
òrma (genitive singular)
òrmu (dual genitive)
òrmъ (genitive plural)
òrmu (dative singular)
òrmoma (dative dual)
òrmomъ (dative plural)
òrmo (accusative singular)
òrmě (accusative dual)
òrma (accusative plural)
òrmъmь (instrumental singular)
òrmomь (instrumental singular)
òrmoma (dual instrumental)
òrmȳ (instrumental plural)
òrmě (locative singular)
òrmu (dual locative)
òrmě̄xъ (locative plural)
òrmo (singular vocative)
òrmě (dual vocative)
òrma (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: рамо (ramo)

Glagolitic script: ⱃⰰⰿⱁ (ramo)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *írʔma-, *írʔmen-, *árʔmen- from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erH-mo-, *h₂erH-men-, from *h₂erH-. Cognate with Lithuanian ìrmėdė (“gout”), Old Prussian irmo (“arm”), Ancient Greek ἁρμός (harmós), Latin armus, Proto-Germanic *armaz (“arm”), Sanskrit ईर्म (īrmá, “arm”).


rajь

ràjь (canonical masculine)
a (accent-paradigm)
ràjь (nominative singular)
ràja (dual nominative)
ràji (nominative plural)
ràja (genitive singular)
ràju (dual genitive)
ràjь (genitive plural)
ràju (dative singular)
ràjema (dative dual)
ràjēmъ (dative plural)
ràjь (accusative singular)
ràja (accusative dual)
ràję̇ (accusative plural)
ràjьmь (instrumental singular)
ràjemь (instrumental singular)
ràjema (dual instrumental)
ràjī (instrumental plural)
ràji (locative singular)
ràju (dual locative)
ràjīxъ (locative plural)
ràju (singular vocative)
ràja (dual vocative)
ràji (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: раи (rai)

Old Ruthenian: рай (raj)

Belarusian: рай (raj)

Carpathian Rusyn: рай (raj)

Ukrainian: рай (raj)

Russian: рай (raj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: раи (rai)

Glagolitic script: ⱃⰰⰹ (rai)

Bulgarian: рай (raj)

Macedonian: рај (raj)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ра̑ј

Latin script: rȃj

Slovene: raj

West Slavic:

Czech: ráj

Kashubian: rôj

Polish: raj

Slovak: raj

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: raj

Upper Sorbian: raj

→ Romanian: rai

Probably borrowed from an Iranian language, from Proto-Iranian *raHíš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *raHíš, from Proto-Indo-European *reh₁ís (“wealth, goods”).

der

radǫga

in East Slavic, prefix *ra- linked by folk etymology with *rajь


ritь

ritь (nominative singular)
riti (dual nominative)
riti (nominative plural)
riti (genitive singular)
ritьju (dual genitive)
ritьjь (genitive plural)
riti (dative singular)
ritьma (dative dual)
ritьmъ (dative plural)
ritь (accusative singular)
riti (accusative dual)
riti (accusative plural)
ritьjǫ (instrumental singular)
ritьma (dual instrumental)
ritьmi (instrumental plural)
riti (locative singular)
ritьju (dual locative)
ritьxъ (locative plural)
riti (singular vocative)
riti (dual vocative)
riti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: рить (ritĭ, “hoof”)

South Slavic:

Church Slavonic: рить (ritĭ, “buttocks”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Latin script: rȉt

Cyrillic script: ри̏т

Slovene: rȉt (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: rzëc

Old Czech: řit

Czech: řiť

Polish: rzyć

Silesian: rzić

Slovak: riť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: riś

Upper Sorbian: rić

From Proto-Indo-European *rēyti-. Cognate with Lithuanian ríetas (“thigh, loin”), Latvian riẽta (“thigh, haunch”), Old Armenian երի (eri).


desętь

dȅsętь (canonical masculine)
desętь (nominative singular)
desęti (dual nominative)
desęti (nominative plural)
desętь (accusative singular)
desęti (accusative dual)
desęti (accusative plural)
desęte (genitive singular)
desętu (dual genitive)
desętъ (genitive plural)
desęte (locative singular)
desętu (dual locative)
desętьxъ (locative plural)
desęti (dative singular)
desętьma (dative dual)
desętьmъ (dative plural)
desętьjǫ (instrumental singular)
desętьma (dual instrumental)
desętьmi (instrumental plural)

sla-decl-noun-table

Declension of *desętь (consonant stem)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: де́сѧть

desctree

Old Ruthenian: де́сѧть (désjatʹ)
Belarusian: дзе́сяць (dzjésjacʹ)
Carpathian Rusyn: де́сять (désjatʹ)
Ukrainian: де́сять (désjatʹ)

Russian: де́сять (désjatʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⰴⰵⱄⱔⱅⱐ (desętĭ)

Old Cyrillic script: десѧть

desc

Bulgarian: де́сет (déset), (dialectal, with a decomposed nasalism and loss of final t) де́сен (désen)

Macedonian: де́сет (déset)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: де̏сет

Latin script: dȅset

Slovene: desẹ̑t (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: desět
Czech: deset

desctree

Old Polish: dziesięć
Polish: dziesięć
Silesian: dziesiyńć

Slovak: desať

Polabian: disąt

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: dzesyńc, dzesync, dzesãc

Slovincian: dzêsinc

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: źaseś, źaseśo

Upper Sorbian: dźesać

From *déśimtis, variant of Proto-Balto-Slavic *déśimt, from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥t. Cognate with Lithuanian dešimt, Latvian desmit, Old Prussian dessimpts.


sъto

sъ̏to (canonical neuter)
sъto (nominative singular)
sъtě (dual nominative)
sъta (nominative plural)
sъta (genitive singular)
sъtu (dual genitive)
sъtъ (genitive plural)
sъtu (dative singular)
sъtoma (dative dual)
sъtomъ (dative plural)
sъto (accusative singular)
sъtě (accusative dual)
sъta (accusative plural)
sъtъmь (instrumental singular)
sъtomь (instrumental singular)
sъtoma (dual instrumental)
sъty (instrumental plural)
sъtě (locative singular)
sъtu (dual locative)
sъtěxъ (locative plural)
sъto (singular vocative)
sъtě (dual vocative)
sъta (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: съто (sŭto), сто (sto)

Belarusian: сто (sto)

Russian: сто (sto)

Carpathian Rusyn: сто (sto)

Ukrainian: сто (sto)

Old Novgorodian: съто (sŭto), сто (sto)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: съто (sŭto)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱏⱅⱁ (sŭto)

Macedonian: сто (sto)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сто̑

Latin script: stȏ

Slovene: stọ̑ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sto
Czech: sto

Old Polish: sto
Polish: sto
Silesian: sto

Slovak: sto

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: sto

Slovincian: stô

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: sto

Upper Sorbian: sto

Non-Slavic:

→ Aromanian: sutã (uncertain)

→ Romanian: sută (uncertain)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śímta, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm. The vocalism is highly aberrant; the expected *ę from Proto-Balto-Slavic *im < IE *m̥ is found in *tysęti. The back vowel is sometimes connected with dialectal Lithuanian šum̃tas of dubious antiquity, leaving the lack of nasal unexplained still. Owing to these difficulties, an external source has been sought, perhaps Iranian; higher numerals like ‘hundred’ are frequently borrowed.


živъ

žȋvъ (canonical)
živъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
živa (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
živo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
živa (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
živy (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
živa (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
živu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
živě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
živu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
živъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
živǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
živo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
živomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
živojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
živomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
živě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
živě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
živě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
žive (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
živo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
živo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
živa (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
živě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
živě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
živu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
živu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
živu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
živoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
živama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
živoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
živa (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
živě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
živě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
živoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
živama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
živoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
živu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
živu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
živu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
živa (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
živě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
živě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
živi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
živy (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
živa (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
živъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
živъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
živъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
živomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
živamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
živomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
živy (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
živy (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
živa (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
živy (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
živami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
živy (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
živěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
živaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
živěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
živi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
živy (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
živa (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
živъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
živaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
živoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
živajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
živyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
živajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
živujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
živěji (dative definite feminine singular)
živujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
živъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
živǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
živoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
živyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
živǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
živyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
živějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
živěji (definite feminine locative singular)
živějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
živъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
živaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
živoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
živaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
živěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
živěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
živuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
živuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
živuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
živyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
živyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
živyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
živaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
živěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
živěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
živyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
živyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
živyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
živuju (definite dual locative masculine)
živuju (definite dual feminine locative)
živuju (definite dual locative neuter)
živaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
živěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
živěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
živiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
živyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
živaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
živъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
živъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
živъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
živyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
živyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
živyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
živyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
živyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
živaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
živyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
živyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
živyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
živyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
živyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
živyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
živiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
živyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
živaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *živъ (hard)

Definite declension of *živъ (hard)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: живъ (živŭ)

Belarusian: жывы́ (žyvý)

desctree

Russian: живо́й (živój)
→ Kildin Sami: жыва (žyva, “animal; insect, beetle”)

Ukrainian: живи́й (žyvýj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: живъ (živŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰶⰻⰲⱏ (živŭ)

Bulgarian: жив (živ)

Macedonian: жив (živ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жи̑в

Latin script: žȋv

Slovene: žȋv (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: živý

Czech: živý

Old Polish: żywy
Polish: żywy
Silesian: żywy

Slovak: živý

Polabian: zaivĕ

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: żëwi

Slovincian: żyw

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: žiwy

Lower Sorbian: žywy

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gīˀwás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós (“alive”).


devętь

dȅvętь (canonical feminine)
devętь (nominative singular)
devętь (accusative singular)
devęte (genitive singular)
devęte (locative singular)
devęti (dative singular)
devętьjǫ (instrumental singular)

sla-decl-noun-table

Declension of *devętь (consonant stem)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: де́вѧть

desctree

Old Ruthenian: де́вѧть (dévjatʹ)
Belarusian: дзе́вяць (dzjévjacʹ)
Carpathian Rusyn: де́вять (dévjatʹ)
Ukrainian: дев'ять (devʺjatʹ)

Russian: де́вять (dévjatʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: девѧть

Glagolitic: ⰴⰵⰲⱔⱅⱐ (devętĭ)

q

Bulgarian: де́вет (dévet), де́вен (déven) (dialectal, with a decomposed nasalism and loss of final t)

Macedonian: девет (devet)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: де̏вет

Latin script: dȅvet

Slovene: devẹ̑t (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: devět
Czech: devět

desctree

Old Polish: dziewięć
Polish: dziewięć
Silesian: dziewiyńć

Polabian: divąt

Slovak: deväť

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: dzewińc, dzewinc, dzewiãc

Slovincian: dzêvjinc

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: źewjeś, źewjeśo

Upper Sorbian: dźewjeć

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥. Compare Latvian deviņi, Lithuanian devyni, from Eastern Baltic *dewin, ultimately of the same Indo-European root. The initial 'd' in Eastern Baltic and Slavic has sometimes been explained as dissimilation, or by alliteration to *desętь (“ten”) (compare a similar alliteration that may have occurred in Proto-Germanic between *fedwōr (“four”) and *fimf (“five”)).


zolto

zȏlto (canonical neuter)
c (accent-paradigm)
zȏlto (nominative singular)
zȏltě (dual nominative)
zoltà (nominative plural)
zȏlta (genitive singular)
zoltù (dual genitive)
zõltъ (genitive plural)
zȏltu (dative singular)
zoltomà (dative dual)
zoltòmъ (dative plural)
zȏlto (accusative singular)
zȏltě (accusative dual)
zoltà (accusative plural)
zȏltъmь (instrumental singular)
zȏltomь (instrumental singular)
zoltomà (dual instrumental)
zoltý (instrumental plural)
zȏltě (locative singular)
zoltù (dual locative)
zoltě̃xъ (locative plural)
zȏlto (singular vocative)
zȏltě (dual vocative)
zoltà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: зо́лата (zólata)

Russian: зо́лото (zóloto)

Ukrainian: зо́лото (zóloto)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: злато (zlato), золъто (zolŭto)

Glagolitic script: ⰸⰾⰰⱅⱁ (zlato), ⰸⱁⰾⱏⱅⱁ (zolŭto)

Macedonian: злато (zlato)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: зла̑то

Latin script: zlȃto

Slovene: zlatọ̑ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: zlato

Czech: zlato

Kashubian: złoto

Polabian: zlåtă

Polish: złoto

Slovak: zlato

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: złoto

Upper Sorbian: złoto

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰólh₃tom (“gold”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“yellow; gleam; to shine”). Cognate with Latvian zȩ̀lts, English gold. See also Persian زر (zar).


gnězdo

gně̄zdò (canonical neuter)
b (accent-paradigm)
gně̄zdò (nominative singular)
gně̃zdě (dual nominative)
gně̄zdà (nominative plural)
gně̄zdà (genitive singular)
gně̄zdù (dual genitive)
gně̃zdъ (genitive plural)
gně̄zdù (dative singular)
gně̄zdòma (dative dual)
gně̄zdòmъ (dative plural)
gně̄zdò (accusative singular)
gně̃zdě (accusative dual)
gně̄zdà (accusative plural)
gně̄zdъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
gně̄zdòmь (instrumental singular)
gně̄zdòma (dual instrumental)
gně̃zdy (instrumental plural)
gně̄zdě̀ (locative singular)
gně̄zdù (dual locative)
gně̃zděxъ (locative plural)
gně̄zdò (singular vocative)
gně̃zdě (dual vocative)
gně̄zdà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гнѣздо (gnězdo)

Old Ruthenian: гнѣздо́ (hnězdó)

Belarusian: гняздо́ (hnjazdó)

Carpathian Rusyn: гнїздо́ (hnjizdó)

Ukrainian: гніздо́ (hnizdó)

Russian: гнездо́ (gnezdó)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: ⰳⱀⱑⰸⰴⱁ (gnězdo)

Old Cyrillic script: гнѣздо (gnězdo)

Serbo-Croatian:

desc

Cyrillic script: гније́здо, гне́здо, гни́здо

Latin script: gnijèzdo, gnézdo, gnízdo

Slovene: gnẹ́zdo (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hniezdo
Czech: hnízdo

Old Polish:

Polish: gniazdo

Silesian: gniŏzdo

Old Slovak: hniezdo, hnízdo

Pannonian Rusyn: гнїздо (hnjizdo)

Slovak: hniezdo

Polabian: gńozdĕ

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: gniôzdo

Slovincian: gnjozdô

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: gnězdo

Upper Sorbian: hnězdo

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *nisdá, from Proto-Indo-European *nisdós.
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian lìzdas, Latvian ligzds, ligzda. The Slavic forms show a different anlaut from the Baltic forms; the Slavic forms have gained an initial *gn- on the basis of some other model such as *gnojь (“manure, pus”), though which particular word was used as a model is hard to say. The choice of *gnojь (“manure, pus”) also has a possible advantage in that it can account for the presence of *ě in *gnězdo, otherwise an anomaly. Skok instead explains the anomalous cluster and the many reflexes in Serbo-Croatian as resulting from various dissimilations of the dental consonants. Mel’nyčuk suggests the initial part of the word was reconstructed on the model of *gněti or its precursor.


dьlgъ

dь̀lgъ (canonical)
dьlgъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
dьlga (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
dьlgo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
dьlga (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
dьlgy (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
dьlga (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
dьlgu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
dьldzě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
dьlgu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
dьlgъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
dьlgǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
dьlgo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
dьlgomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
dьlgojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
dьlgomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
dьldzě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
dьldzě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
dьldzě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
dьlže (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
dьlgo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
dьlgo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
dьlga (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
dьldzě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
dьldzě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
dьlgu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
dьlgu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
dьlgu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
dьlgoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
dьlgama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
dьlgoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
dьlga (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
dьldzě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
dьldzě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
dьlgoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
dьlgama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
dьlgoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
dьlgu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
dьlgu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
dьlgu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
dьlga (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
dьldzě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
dьldzě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
dьldzi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
dьlgy (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
dьlga (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
dьlgъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
dьlgъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
dьlgъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
dьlgomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
dьlgamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
dьlgomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
dьlgy (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
dьlgy (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
dьlga (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
dьlgy (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
dьlgami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
dьlgy (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
dьldzěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
dьlgaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
dьldzěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
dьldzi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
dьlgy (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
dьlga (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
dьlgъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
dьlgaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
dьlgoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
dьlgajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
dьlgyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
dьlgajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
dьlgujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
dьldzěji (dative definite feminine singular)
dьlgujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
dьlgъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
dьlgǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
dьlgoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
dьlgyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
dьlgǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
dьlgyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
dьldzějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
dьldzěji (definite feminine locative singular)
dьldzějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
dьlgъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
dьlgaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
dьlgoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
dьlgaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
dьldzěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
dьldzěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
dьlguju (definite dual genitive masculine)
dьlguju (definite dual feminine genitive)
dьlguju (definite dual genitive neuter)
dьlgyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
dьlgyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
dьlgyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
dьlgaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
dьldzěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
dьldzěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
dьlgyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
dьlgyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
dьlgyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
dьlguju (definite dual locative masculine)
dьlguju (definite dual feminine locative)
dьlguju (definite dual locative neuter)
dьlgaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
dьldzěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
dьldzěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
dьldziji (definite masculine nominative plural)
dьlgyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
dьlgaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
dьlgъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
dьlgъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
dьlgъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
dьlgyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
dьlgyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
dьlgyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
dьlgyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
dьlgyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
dьlgaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
dьlgyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
dьlgyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
dьlgyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
dьlgyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
dьlgyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
dьlgyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
dьldziji (definite masculine plural vocative)
dьlgyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
dьlgaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *dьlgъ (hard)

Definite declension of *dьlgъ (hard)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: дългъ (dŭlgŭ)

desc

Old Ruthenian: до́вгїй (dóvhij), до́вгый (dóvhyj), до́лгїй (dólhij), до́лгый (dólhyj)

Belarusian: до́ўгі (dóŭhi)

Carpathian Rusyn: довгый (dovhŷj)

Ukrainian: до́вгий (dóvhyj)

Russian: до́лгий (dólgij)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: дльгъ (dlĭgŭ), длъгъ (dlŭgŭ)

Bulgarian: дълъг (dǎlǎg)

Macedonian: долг (dolg)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ду̏г

Latin script: dȕg

Slovene: dȏłg (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: dłudżi

Old Czech: dlúhý
Czech: dlouhý

desctree

Old Polish: długi
Polish: długi
Silesian: dugi

Slovak: dlhý

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: dłudżi

Slovincian: dlúgjy

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: dłujki

Upper Sorbian: dołhi

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dílˀgas, from Proto-Indo-European *dl̥h₁gʰós.


vьdova

vьdovà (canonical feminine)
b (accent-paradigm)
vьdovà (nominative singular)
vьdòvě (dual nominative)
vьdovỳ (nominative plural)
vьdovỳ (genitive singular)
vьdovù (dual genitive)
vьdòvъ (genitive plural)
vьdově̀ (dative singular)
vьdovàma (dative dual)
vьdovàmъ (dative plural)
vьdovǫ̀ (accusative singular)
vьdòvě (accusative dual)
vьdovỳ (accusative plural)
vьdovòjǫ (instrumental singular)
vьdòvǫ (instrumental singular)
vьdovàma (dual instrumental)
vьdovàmī (instrumental plural)
vьdově̀ (locative singular)
vьdovù (dual locative)
vьdovàsъ (locative plural)
vьdovàxъ (locative plural)
vьdovo (singular vocative)
vьdòvě (dual vocative)
vьdovỳ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: въдова (vŭdova), въдовица (vŭdovica)

Belarusian: удава́ (udavá) / ўдава́ (ŭdavá)

Russian: вдова́ (vdová), вдови́ца (vdovíca) (obsolete)

Ukrainian: вдова́ (vdová) / удова́ (udová); вдови́ця (vdovýcja) / удови́ця (udovýcja) (obsolete)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: въдова (vŭdova), въдовица (vŭdovica)

Glagolitic script: ⰲⱏⰴⱁⰲⰰ (vŭdova)

Bulgarian: вдови́ца (vdovíca)

Macedonian: вдовица (vdovica)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: у̀дова, удо̀вица

Latin script: udova, udovica

Slovene: vdȏva (tonal orthography), vdovica

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vdova

Czech: vdova

Kashubian: gdowa

Old Polish: wdowa

Polish: wdowa

Slovak: vdova, bdova, gdova, vdovica

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wudowa

Lower Sorbian: hudowa

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *widawāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁widʰéwh₂, possibly from *h₁weydʰh₁-.
Baltic cognates include
Old Prussian widdewū (“widow”).
Indo-European cognates include
Sanskrit विधवा (vidhavā, “widow”), विधु (vidhùṣ),
Ancient Greek ἠΐθεος (ēḯtheos),
Latin vidua f (“widow”), viduus,
Old Irish fedb f,
Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍅𐍉 f (widuwō).
Also compare
Lithuanian vidùs (“interior”),
Latin dīvidō.


četyre

četỳre (canonical)
četyre (masculine nominative plural)
četyri (feminine nominative plural)
četyri (neuter nominative plural)
četyri (accusative masculine plural)
četyri (accusative feminine plural)
četyri (accusative neuter plural)
četyrъ (genitive masculine plural)
četyrъ (feminine genitive plural)
četyrъ (genitive neuter plural)
četyrьxъ (locative masculine plural)
četyrьxъ (feminine locative plural)
četyrьxъ (locative neuter plural)
četyrьmъ (dative masculine plural)
četyrьmъ (dative feminine plural)
četyrьmъ (dative neuter plural)
četyrьmi (instrumental masculine plural)
četyrьmi (feminine instrumental plural)
četyrьmi (instrumental neuter plural)

sla-decl-pron-table-single

Declension of <i class="Latn mention" lang="sla-pro">*četyre</i> (r-stem)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: четꙑре (četyre)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: чотыри (čotyri), четыри (četyri)
Belarusian: чаты́ры (čatýry)
Carpathian Rusyn: четы́ри (četŷ́ry), шты́ри (štŷ́ry)
Ukrainian: чоти́ри (čotýry); шти́ри (štýry) (dialectal)

Russian: четы́ре (četýre)

Old Novgorodian: цетꙑри (cetyri)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: четꙑре (četyre)

Glagolitic: ⱍⰵⱅⱏⰺⱃⰵ (četyre)

Bulgarian: че́тири (čétiri)

Macedonian: четири (četiri)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: чѐтири

Latin script: čètiri

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: štírje, štíri (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: čtyřie
Czech: čtyři

desctree

Old Polish: cztery
Polish: cztery
Silesian: sztyry

Slovak: štyria, štyri

Polabian: citĕr

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: sztërë

Slovincian: sztérzë

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: štyri

Lower Sorbian: styri, styrjo

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ketū́res, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres. The source of the acute long -ūˀ- (> -ỳ- in Slavic) is unclear.


mьrtvъ

mь̃rtvъ (canonical)
mьrtvъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
mьrtva (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
mьrtvo (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
mьrtva (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
mьrtvy (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
mьrtva (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
mьrtvu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
mьrtvě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
mьrtvu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
mьrtvъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
mьrtvǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
mьrtvo (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
mьrtvomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
mьrtvojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
mьrtvomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
mьrtvě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
mьrtvě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
mьrtvě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
mьrtve (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
mьrtvo (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
mьrtvo (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
mьrtva (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
mьrtvě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
mьrtvě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
mьrtvu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
mьrtvu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
mьrtvu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
mьrtvoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
mьrtvama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
mьrtvoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
mьrtva (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
mьrtvě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
mьrtvě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
mьrtvoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
mьrtvama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
mьrtvoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
mьrtvu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
mьrtvu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
mьrtvu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
mьrtva (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
mьrtvě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
mьrtvě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
mьrtvi (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
mьrtvy (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
mьrtva (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
mьrtvъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
mьrtvъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
mьrtvъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
mьrtvomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
mьrtvamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
mьrtvomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
mьrtvy (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
mьrtvy (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
mьrtva (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
mьrtvy (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
mьrtvami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
mьrtvy (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
mьrtvěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
mьrtvaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
mьrtvěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
mьrtvi (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
mьrtvy (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
mьrtva (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
mьrtvъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
mьrtvaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
mьrtvoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
mьrtvajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
mьrtvyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
mьrtvajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
mьrtvujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
mьrtvěji (dative definite feminine singular)
mьrtvujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
mьrtvъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
mьrtvǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
mьrtvoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
mьrtvyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
mьrtvǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
mьrtvyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
mьrtvějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
mьrtvěji (definite feminine locative singular)
mьrtvějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
mьrtvъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
mьrtvaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
mьrtvoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
mьrtvaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
mьrtvěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
mьrtvěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
mьrtvuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
mьrtvuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
mьrtvuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
mьrtvyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
mьrtvyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
mьrtvyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
mьrtvaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
mьrtvěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
mьrtvěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
mьrtvyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
mьrtvyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
mьrtvyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
mьrtvuju (definite dual locative masculine)
mьrtvuju (definite dual feminine locative)
mьrtvuju (definite dual locative neuter)
mьrtvaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
mьrtvěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
mьrtvěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
mьrtviji (definite masculine nominative plural)
mьrtvyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
mьrtvaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
mьrtvъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
mьrtvъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
mьrtvъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
mьrtvyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
mьrtvyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
mьrtvyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
mьrtvyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
mьrtvyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
mьrtvaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
mьrtvyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
mьrtvyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
mьrtvyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
mьrtvyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
mьrtvyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
mьrtvyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
mьrtviji (definite masculine plural vocative)
mьrtvyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
mьrtvaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *mьrtvъ (hard)

Definite declension of *mьrtvъ (hard)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: мьртвъ (mĭrtvŭ), мертвъ (mertvŭ), мьрътвъ (mĭrŭtvŭ)

Belarusian: мёртвы (mjórtvy)

Russian: мёртвый (mjórtvyj)

Ukrainian: ме́ртви́й (mértvýj)

Old Novgorodian: мьрьтве (mĭrĭtve)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мрьтвъ (mrĭtvŭ), мрътвъ (mrŭtvŭ)

Glagolitic: ⰿⱃⱐⱅⰲⱏ (mrĭtvŭ), ⰿⱃⱏⱅⰲⱏ (mrŭtvŭ)

Bulgarian: мъ́ртъв (mǎ́rtǎv)

Macedonian: мртов (mrtov)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мр̀тав

Latin: mr̀tav

Slovene: mŕtəv (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: mrtvý, mrtev

Old Polish: martwy, miartwy, miertwy

Polish: martwy, miartwy

Slovak: mŕtvy

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: mortwy

Old Lower Sorbian: martwy

Lower Sorbian: marwy

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *mirtwas, from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥twós, from *mer-. Latin mortuus is from the exact same word.
Other cognates:
* *mr̥tós > Sanskrit मृत (mṛta, “dead”), मर्त (marta, “mortal, man”), Avestan 𐬨𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀 (mər^əta, “dead”), Old Armenian մարդ (mard, “man”), Ancient Greek βροτός (brotós, “mortal”)
* *mr̥wós > Old Irish marb (“dead”), Gaulish marw (“dead”)
* *mŕ̥trom > Proto-Germanic *murþrą (“murder”).


lьgъkъ

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *lьgъkъ (hard)

Definite declension of *lьgъkъ (hard)

lьgъkъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
lьgъka (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
lьgъko (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
lьgъka (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
lьgъky (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
lьgъka (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
lьgъku (dative indefinite masculine singular)
lьgъcě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
lьgъku (dative indefinite neuter singular)
lьgъkъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
lьgъkǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
lьgъko (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
lьgъkomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
lьgъkojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
lьgъkomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
lьgъcě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
lьgъcě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
lьgъcě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
lьgъče (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
lьgъko (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
lьgъko (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
lьgъka (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
lьgъcě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
lьgъcě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
lьgъku (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
lьgъku (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
lьgъku (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
lьgъkoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
lьgъkama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
lьgъkoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
lьgъka (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
lьgъcě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
lьgъcě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
lьgъkoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
lьgъkama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
lьgъkoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
lьgъku (dual indefinite locative masculine)
lьgъku (dual feminine indefinite locative)
lьgъku (dual indefinite locative neuter)
lьgъka (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
lьgъcě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
lьgъcě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
lьgъci (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
lьgъky (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
lьgъka (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
lьgъkъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
lьgъkъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
lьgъkъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
lьgъkomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
lьgъkamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
lьgъkomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
lьgъky (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
lьgъky (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
lьgъka (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
lьgъky (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
lьgъkami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
lьgъky (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
lьgъcěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
lьgъkaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
lьgъcěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
lьgъci (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
lьgъky (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
lьgъka (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
lьgъkъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
lьgъkaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
lьgъkoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
lьgъkajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
lьgъkyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
lьgъkajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
lьgъkujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
lьgъcěji (dative definite feminine singular)
lьgъkujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
lьgъkъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
lьgъkǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
lьgъkoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
lьgъkyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
lьgъkǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
lьgъkyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
lьgъcějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
lьgъcěji (definite feminine locative singular)
lьgъcějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
lьgъkъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
lьgъkaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
lьgъkoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
lьgъkaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
lьgъcěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
lьgъcěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
lьgъkuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
lьgъkuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
lьgъkuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
lьgъkyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
lьgъkyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
lьgъkyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
lьgъkaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
lьgъcěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
lьgъcěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
lьgъkyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
lьgъkyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
lьgъkyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
lьgъkuju (definite dual locative masculine)
lьgъkuju (definite dual feminine locative)
lьgъkuju (definite dual locative neuter)
lьgъkaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
lьgъcěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
lьgъcěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
lьgъciji (definite masculine nominative plural)
lьgъkyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
lьgъkaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
lьgъkъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
lьgъkъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
lьgъkъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
lьgъkyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
lьgъkyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
lьgъkyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
lьgъkyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
lьgъkyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
lьgъkaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
lьgъkyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
lьgъkyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
lьgъkyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
lьgъkyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
lьgъkyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
lьgъkyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
lьgъciji (definite masculine plural vocative)
lьgъkyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
lьgъkaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: лёгкі (ljóhki)

Russian: лёгкий (ljóxkij)

Carpathian Rusyn: легкы́й (lehkŷ́j)

Ukrainian: легки́й (lehkýj)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: льгъкъ (lĭgŭkŭ)

Bulgarian: лек (lek)

Macedonian: лек (lek)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ла̏к, ла̏ган

Latin: lȁk, lȁgan

Slovene: láhək (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: lehký
Czech: lehký

desctree

Old Polish: lekki, leki
Polish: lekki
Silesian: leki

Old Slovak: ľahký, lehký

Pannonian Rusyn: лєгки (ljehki)

Slovak: ľahký

Polabian: ľåtťĕ

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: letczi

Slovincian: lêtkjy

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: lochki

Lower Sorbian: lažki

From Pre-Slavic *lingukas < *h₁ln̥gʷʰ-u-ko-s (see *-ъkъ), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ- (“light”).


mydlo

mỳdlo (canonical neuter)
a (accent-paradigm)
mỳdlo (nominative singular)
mỳdlě (dual nominative)
mỳdla (nominative plural)
mỳdla (genitive singular)
mỳdlu (dual genitive)
mỳdlъ (genitive plural)
mỳdlu (dative singular)
mỳdloma (dative dual)
mỳdlomъ (dative plural)
mỳdlo (accusative singular)
mỳdlě (accusative dual)
mỳdla (accusative plural)
mỳdlъmь (instrumental singular)
mỳdlomь (instrumental singular)
mỳdloma (dual instrumental)
mỳdlȳ (instrumental plural)
mỳdlě (locative singular)
mỳdlu (dual locative)
mỳdlě̄xъ (locative plural)
mỳdlo (singular vocative)
mỳdlě (dual vocative)
mỳdla (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мꙑ́ло (mýlo)

Belarusian: мы́ла (mýla)

Russian: мы́ло (mýlo)
→ Ingrian: muila
→ Karelian: muila
→ Lithuanian: muilas
→ Nivkh: мыло (məlo)
→ Votic: muilõ, mõilõ
→ Yakut: мыыла (mııla)

Carpathian Rusyn: мыдло (mŷdlo)

Ukrainian: ми́ло (mýlo)

Old Novgorodian: мꙑ́гло (mýglo)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мꙑло (mylo)

Glagolitic: ⰿⱏⰻⰾⱁ (mylo)

Bulgarian: ми́ло (mílo) (dated, biblical)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ми̏ло (dated)

Latin: mȉlo (dated)

Slovene: mílo (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mýdlo

Czech: mýdlo

Kashubian: mëdło

Polish: mydło

Slovak: mydlo

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: mydło

Upper Sorbian: mydło

Non-Slavic:

→ Proto-Finnic: *mukla (see there for further descendants)

From *myti (“to wash”) + *-dlo (instrument suffix).


medъ

mȅdъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
mȅdъ (nominative singular)
mȅdy (dual nominative)
mȅdove (nominative plural)
mȅdu (genitive singular)
medovù (dual genitive)
medòvъ (genitive plural)
mȅdovi (dative singular)
medъmà (dative dual)
mȅdъmъ (dative plural)
mȅdъ (accusative singular)
mȅdy (accusative dual)
mȅdy (accusative plural)
mȅdъmь (instrumental singular)
medъmà (dual instrumental)
medъmì (instrumental plural)
medú (locative singular)
medovù (dual locative)
mȅdъxъ (locative plural)
medu (singular vocative)
mȅdy (dual vocative)
mȅdove (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: медъ (medŭ)
Old Ruthenian: медъ (med), мѣдъ (měd), мюдъ (mjud)
Belarusian: мёд (mjod); мед (mjed), мэд (med), мід (mid), мідь (midʹ) (dialectal)
Carpathian Rusyn: мюд (mjud), мед (med)
Ukrainian: мед (med); мід (mid) (dialectal)
Russian: мёд (mjod)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: медъ (medŭ)

Glagolitic script: ⰿⰵⰴⱏ (medŭ)

Bulgarian: мед (med); мяд (mjad) (dialectal)

Macedonian: мед (med)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ме̑д

Latin script: mȇd

Slovene: mẹ̑d (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: med

Czech: med

Kashubian: miód

Polabian: med

Old Polish: miód

Polish: miód

desc

→ Old Ruthenian: мїодъ (mjod), модъ (mod) (dialectal)

Slovak: med

Slovincian: mjód

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: mjod

→? Upper Sorbian: mjód

Upper Sorbian: měd

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: mied

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *médus, from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu.


edinъ

edìnъ (canonical)
edinъ (masculine nominative singular)
edina (feminine nominative singular)
edino (neuter nominative singular)
edinъ (accusative masculine singular)
edinǫ (accusative feminine singular)
edino (accusative neuter singular)
edinogo (genitive masculine singular)
edinoję̇ (feminine genitive singular)
edinogo (genitive neuter singular)
edinomь (locative masculine singular)
edinoji (feminine locative singular)
edinomь (locative neuter singular)
edinomu (dative masculine singular)
edinoji (dative feminine singular)
edinomu (dative neuter singular)
ediněmь (instrumental masculine singular)
edinojǫ (feminine instrumental singular)
ediněmь (instrumental neuter singular)
edina (dual masculine nominative)
edině (dual feminine nominative)
edině (dual neuter nominative)
edina (accusative dual masculine)
edině (accusative dual feminine)
edině (accusative dual neuter)
edinoju (dual genitive masculine)
edinoju (dual feminine genitive)
edinoju (dual genitive neuter)
edinoju (dual locative masculine)
edinoju (dual feminine locative)
edinoju (dual locative neuter)
ediněma (dative dual masculine)
ediněma (dative dual feminine)
ediněma (dative dual neuter)
ediněma (dual instrumental masculine)
ediněma (dual feminine instrumental)
ediněma (dual instrumental neuter)
edini (masculine nominative plural)
ediny (feminine nominative plural)
edina (neuter nominative plural)
ediny (accusative masculine plural)
ediny (accusative feminine plural)
edina (accusative neuter plural)
ediněxъ (genitive masculine plural)
ediněxъ (feminine genitive plural)
ediněxъ (genitive neuter plural)
ediněxъ (locative masculine plural)
ediněxъ (feminine locative plural)
ediněxъ (locative neuter plural)
ediněmъ (dative masculine plural)
ediněmъ (dative feminine plural)
ediněmъ (dative neuter plural)
ediněmi (instrumental masculine plural)
ediněmi (feminine instrumental plural)
ediněmi (instrumental neuter plural)

sla-decl-pron-table

Declension of <i class="Latn mention" lang="sla-pro">*edinъ</i> (hard pronominal)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: одинъ (odinŭ), единъ (edinŭ) (see there for further descendants)

Middle Russian: оди́нъ (odín)

Russian: оди́н (odín)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: оди́нъ (odín)
Belarusian: адзі́н (adzín)
Ukrainian: оди́н (odýn); оде́н (odén), йоде́н (jodén) (dialectal)

Old Novgorodian: ѥдинъ (jedinŭ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: единъ (edinŭ), ѥдьнъ (jedĭnŭ)

Glagolitic: ⰵⰴⰺⱀⱏ (edinŭ), ⰵⰴⱐⱀⱏ (edĭnŭ)

Bulgarian: еди́н (edín), едъ́н (edǎ́n) (Torlakian dialects) (with ъ < OCS ь)

Macedonian: е́ден (éden)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: јѐдан

Latin script: jèdan

Slovene: édən, ȅn (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jeden
Czech: jeden

Old Polish: jeden
Polish: jeden
Silesian: jedyn

Slovak: jeden

Polabian: jadån

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: jeden

Slovincian: jëden

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: jedyn

Lower Sorbian: jaden

From Early Proto-Slavic *edī́˙nu, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *edīˀnas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁edʰ-(H)iHnos, with *h₁edʰ- element. Ultimately from *h₁óy(H)nos. Cognate with Latvian viêns, Lithuanian víenas and Old Prussian ains. The vowel of the second syllable behaves similarly to a tense jer: in a strong position it manifests as */i/ (sometimes */e/), in a weak position it is dropped.
The West Slavic forms show a depalatalized d.


svinьja

svinьjà (canonical feminine)
c (accent-paradigm)
svinьjà (nominative singular)
svȋnьji (dual nominative)
svȋnьję̇ (nominative plural)
svinьję̇́ (genitive singular)
svinьjù (dual genitive)
svinь̀jь (genitive plural)
svinьjì (dative singular)
svinьjàma (dative dual)
svinьjàmъ (dative plural)
svȋnьjǫ (accusative singular)
svȋnьji (accusative dual)
svȋnьję̇ (accusative plural)
svinьjejǫ́ (instrumental singular)
svinьjàma (dual instrumental)
svinьjàmi (instrumental plural)
svȋnьjī (locative singular)
svinьjù (dual locative)
svinьjàsъ (locative plural)
svinьjàxъ (locative plural)
svinьje (singular vocative)
svȋnьji (dual vocative)
svȋnьję̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: свиньꙗ (svinĭja), свиниꙗ (svinija)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: свинꙗ́ (svinjá)
Belarusian: свіння́ (svinnjá), сьвіньня́ (sʹvinʹnjá), (dialectal) свіня́ (svinjá), свінья́ (svinʹjá)
Carpathian Rusyn: свиня́ (svynjá)
Ukrainian: свиня́ (svynjá)

Russian: свинья́ (svinʹjá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: свиниꙗ (svinija)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⰲⰺⱀⰺⱑ (sviniě)

Macedonian: свиња (svinja)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: сви́ња

Latin script: svínja

Slovene: svinja

West Slavic:

Kashubian: swinia

Old Czech: svině

Czech: svině

Polabian: svaińă

Old Polish: świnia

Polish: świnia

Old Slovak: sviňa

Pannonian Rusyn: швиня (švinja)

Slovak: sviňa

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: swinjo

Lower Sorbian: swinja

Probably from early *svīnī f, from an adjectival form *svinъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *swīˀnas, from Proto-Indo-European *suH-iHnos, from *suH- (“pig, hog, swine”) + *-iHnos.
Baltic cognates include Old Prussian swintian. Further cognates with Latvian sivēns, Latin suīnus (“swine; porcine”), Proto-Germanic *swīną (“pig, swine”) (from which comes Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽 (swein), Old High German swīn, English swine, Old Norse svín).


měsęcь

mě̀sę̄cь (canonical masculine)
a (accent-paradigm)
mě̀sę̄cь (nominative singular)
mě̀sę̄ca (dual nominative)
mě̀sę̄ci (nominative plural)
mě̀sę̄ca (genitive singular)
mě̀sę̄cu (dual genitive)
mě̀sę̄cь (genitive plural)
mě̀sę̄cu (dative singular)
mě̀sę̄cema (dative dual)
mě̀sę̄cēmъ (dative plural)
mě̀sę̄cь (accusative singular)
mě̀sę̄ca (accusative dual)
mě̀sę̄cę̇ (accusative plural)
mě̀sę̄cьmь (instrumental singular)
mě̀sę̄cemь (instrumental singular)
mě̀sę̄cema (dual instrumental)
mě̀sę̄cī (instrumental plural)
mě̀sę̄ci (locative singular)
mě̀sę̄cu (dual locative)
mě̀sę̄cīxъ (locative plural)
mě̀sę̄če (singular vocative)
mě̀sę̄ca (dual vocative)
mě̀sę̄ci (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: мѣсѧць
Old Ruthenian: мѣсѧць (měsjacʹ), мѣсѧцъ (měsjacʹ), мѣсєцъ (měsjecʹ)
Belarusian: ме́сяц (mjésjac)
Carpathian Rusyn: мі́сяць (mísjacʹ)
Ukrainian: мі́сяць (mísjacʹ)
Russian: ме́сяц (mésjac)

Old Novgorodian: мѣсѧчь

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: мѣсѧць

Glagolitic: ⰿⱑⱄⱔⱌⱐ (měsęcĭ)

desc

Bulgarian: ме́сец (mésec), ме́синц (mésinc) (dialectal)

Macedonian: ме́сец (mésec)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ме̏се̄ц, мје̏се̄ц

Roman: mȅsēc, mjȅsēc

Slovene: mẹ̑səc (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: měsiec

Czech: měsíc

desctree

Old Polish: miesiąc
Polish: miesiąc
Silesian: miesiōnc

Slovak: mesiac

Pomeranian:

desc

Kashubian: miesąc (“moon, month”), miesądz, miesydz; miesyńc (“full moon”)

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: mjasec

Upper Sorbian: měsac

From earlier *mēs-en-ko, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *mḗˀn(e)s- ~ *mḗˀnō, from Proto-Indo-European *meh₁ns-(e)n-ko-.


svętъ

svę̑tъ (canonical)
svętъ (indefinite masculine nominative singular)
svęta (feminine indefinite nominative singular)
svęto (indefinite neuter nominative singular)
svęta (genitive indefinite masculine singular)
svęty (feminine genitive indefinite singular)
svęta (genitive indefinite neuter singular)
svętu (dative indefinite masculine singular)
svętě (dative feminine indefinite singular)
svętu (dative indefinite neuter singular)
svętъ (accusative indefinite masculine singular)
svętǫ (accusative feminine indefinite singular)
svęto (accusative indefinite neuter singular)
svętomь (indefinite instrumental masculine singular)
svętojǫ (feminine indefinite instrumental singular)
svętomь (indefinite instrumental neuter singular)
svętě (indefinite locative masculine singular)
svętě (feminine indefinite locative singular)
svętě (indefinite locative neuter singular)
svęte (indefinite masculine singular vocative)
svęto (feminine indefinite singular vocative)
svęto (indefinite neuter singular vocative)
svęta (dual indefinite masculine nominative)
svętě (dual feminine indefinite nominative)
svętě (dual indefinite neuter nominative)
svętu (dual genitive indefinite masculine)
svętu (dual feminine genitive indefinite)
svętu (dual genitive indefinite neuter)
svętoma (dative dual indefinite masculine)
svętama (dative dual feminine indefinite)
svętoma (dative dual indefinite neuter)
svęta (accusative dual indefinite masculine)
svętě (accusative dual feminine indefinite)
svętě (accusative dual indefinite neuter)
svętoma (dual indefinite instrumental masculine)
svętama (dual feminine indefinite instrumental)
svętoma (dual indefinite instrumental neuter)
svętu (dual indefinite locative masculine)
svętu (dual feminine indefinite locative)
svętu (dual indefinite locative neuter)
svęta (dual indefinite masculine vocative)
svętě (dual feminine indefinite vocative)
svętě (dual indefinite neuter vocative)
svęti (indefinite masculine nominative plural)
svęty (feminine indefinite nominative plural)
svęta (indefinite neuter nominative plural)
svętъ (genitive indefinite masculine plural)
svętъ (feminine genitive indefinite plural)
svętъ (genitive indefinite neuter plural)
svętomъ (dative indefinite masculine plural)
svętamъ (dative feminine indefinite plural)
svętomъ (dative indefinite neuter plural)
svęty (accusative indefinite masculine plural)
svęty (accusative feminine indefinite plural)
svęta (accusative indefinite neuter plural)
svęty (indefinite instrumental masculine plural)
svętami (feminine indefinite instrumental plural)
svęty (indefinite instrumental neuter plural)
svętěxъ (indefinite locative masculine plural)
svętaxъ (feminine indefinite locative plural)
svętěxъ (indefinite locative neuter plural)
svęti (indefinite masculine plural vocative)
svęty (feminine indefinite plural vocative)
svęta (indefinite neuter plural vocative)
svętъjь (definite masculine nominative singular)
svętaja (definite feminine nominative singular)
svętoje (definite neuter nominative singular)
svętajego (definite genitive masculine singular)
svętyję̇ (definite feminine genitive singular)
svętajego (definite genitive neuter singular)
svętujemu (dative definite masculine singular)
svętěji (dative definite feminine singular)
svętujemu (dative definite neuter singular)
svętъjь (accusative definite masculine singular)
svętǫjǫ (accusative definite feminine singular)
svętoje (accusative definite neuter singular)
svętyjimь (definite instrumental masculine singular)
svętǫjǫ (definite feminine instrumental singular)
svętyjimь (definite instrumental neuter singular)
svętějemь (definite locative masculine singular)
svętěji (definite feminine locative singular)
svętějemь (definite locative neuter singular)
svętъjь (definite masculine singular vocative)
svętaja (definite feminine singular vocative)
svętoje (definite neuter singular vocative)
svętaja (definite dual masculine nominative)
svętěji (definite dual feminine nominative)
svętěji (definite dual neuter nominative)
svętuju (definite dual genitive masculine)
svętuju (definite dual feminine genitive)
svętuju (definite dual genitive neuter)
svętyjima (dative definite dual masculine)
svętyjima (dative definite dual feminine)
svętyjima (dative definite dual neuter)
svętaja (accusative definite dual masculine)
svętěji (accusative definite dual feminine)
svętěji (accusative definite dual neuter)
svętyjima (definite dual instrumental masculine)
svętyjima (definite dual feminine instrumental)
svętyjima (definite dual instrumental neuter)
svętuju (definite dual locative masculine)
svętuju (definite dual feminine locative)
svętuju (definite dual locative neuter)
svętaja (definite dual masculine vocative)
svętěji (definite dual feminine vocative)
svętěji (definite dual neuter vocative)
svętiji (definite masculine nominative plural)
svętyję̇ (definite feminine nominative plural)
svętaja (definite neuter nominative plural)
svętъjixъ (definite genitive masculine plural)
svętъjixъ (definite feminine genitive plural)
svętъjixъ (definite genitive neuter plural)
svętyjimъ (dative definite masculine plural)
svętyjimъ (dative definite feminine plural)
svętyjimъ (dative definite neuter plural)
svętyję̇ (accusative definite masculine plural)
svętyję̇ (accusative definite feminine plural)
svętaja (accusative definite neuter plural)
svętyjimi (definite instrumental masculine plural)
svętyjimi (definite feminine instrumental plural)
svętyjimi (definite instrumental neuter plural)
svętyjixъ (definite locative masculine plural)
svętyjixъ (definite feminine locative plural)
svętyjixъ (definite locative neuter plural)
svętiji (definite masculine plural vocative)
svętyję̇ (definite feminine plural vocative)
svętaja (definite neuter plural vocative)

sla-decl-adj-table

Indefinite declension of *svętъ (hard)

Definite declension of *svętъ (hard)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: свѧтъ

desc

Old Ruthenian: свѧтый (svjatyj), свєтый (svjetyj)

Belarusian: святы́ (svjatý)

Ukrainian: святи́й (svjatýj)

Russian: свято́й (svjatój)

→ Latvian: svēts

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: свѧтъ

Glagolitic script: ⱄⰲⱔⱅⱏ (svętŭ)

Bulgarian: свят (svjat)

Macedonian: свет (svet)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: све̑т

Latin script: svȇt

Slovene: svẹ̑t (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: swiãti

Old Czech: svatý

Czech: svatý

Polabian: sjǫtĕ

Old Polish: święty

Polish: święty

Silesian: świynty

Slovak: svätý

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: swjaty

Lower Sorbian: swěty

Non-Slavic:

→ Romanian: sfânt

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śwentas, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwen- (“holy”).


světъ

svě̑tъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
svě̑tъ (nominative singular)
svě̑ta (dual nominative)
svě̑ti (nominative plural)
svě̑ta (genitive singular)
světù (dual genitive)
svě̃tъ (genitive plural)
svě̑tu (dative singular)
světomà (dative dual)
světòmъ (dative plural)
svě̑tъ (accusative singular)
svě̑ta (accusative dual)
svě̑ty (accusative plural)
svě̑tъmь (instrumental singular)
svě̑tomь (instrumental singular)
světomà (dual instrumental)
světý (instrumental plural)
svě̑tě (locative singular)
světù (dual locative)
světě̃xъ (locative plural)
světe (singular vocative)
svě̑ta (dual vocative)
svě̑ti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: свѣтъ (světŭ)
Old Ruthenian: свѣтъ (svět)
Belarusian: свет (svjet)
Carpathian Rusyn: світ (svit)
Ukrainian: світ (svit)
Russian: свет (svet)

→ Lithuanian: svietas (obsolete)

→ Samogitian: sviets

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: свѣтъ (světŭ)

Glagolitic: ⱄⰲⱑⱅⱏ (světŭ)

Bulgarian: свят (svjat)

Macedonian: свет (svet)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: све̑т, свије̑т, сви̑т

Latin: svȇt, svijȇt, svȋt

Slovene: svẹ̑t (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: svět
Czech: svět

Old Polish: świat
Polish: świat
Silesian: świat

Old Slovak: svet, svit

Pannonian Rusyn: швет (švet)

Slovak: svet (“world”), svit (“light”)

Polabian: sjot
→ German: Schwedt

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: swiat

Slovincian: swjat

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: swět

Lower Sorbian: swět

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śwaitas, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweyt- ("to shine"). Cognate with Sanskrit श्वेत (śveta), Proto-Germanic *hwītaz. Doublet of *květъ.


bьrati

bьràti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
bьranьje (noun-from-verb)
bьrati (infinitive)
bьratъ (supine)
bьralъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
bьranъ (participle passive past)
beromъ (participle passive present)
bьravъ (active participle past)
bery (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
bьraxъ (aorist first-person singular)
bьra (aorist second-person singular)
bьra (aorist singular third-person)
berǫ (first-person present singular)
bereši (present second-person singular)
beretь (present singular third-person)
bьraxově (aorist dual first-person)
bьrasta (aorist dual second-person)
bьraste (aorist dual third-person)
berevě (dual first-person present)
bereta (dual present second-person)
berete (dual present third-person)
bьraxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
bьraste (aorist plural second-person)
bьrašę (aorist plural third-person)
beremъ (first-person plural present)
berete (plural present second-person)
berǫtь (plural present third-person)
bьraaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
bьraaše (imperfect second-person singular)
bьraaše (imperfect singular third-person)
beri (imperative second-person singular)
beri (imperative singular third-person)
bьraaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
bьraašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
bьraašete (dual imperfect third-person)
berěvě (dual first-person imperative)
berěta (dual imperative second-person)
bьraaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
bьraašete (imperfect plural second-person)
bьraaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
berěmъ (first-person imperative plural)
berěte (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: браць (bracʹ)

Russian: брать (bratʹ)

Ukrainian: бра́ти (bráty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: бьрати (bĭrati)

Bulgarian: бера́ (berá)

Macedonian: бере (bere)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бра̏ти

Latin script: brȁti

Slovene: bráti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: bráti
Czech: brát

Old Polish: brać
Polish: brać
Silesian: brać

Polabian: brot

Slovak: brať

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: brac

Slovincian: brac

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: brać

Lower Sorbian: braś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *bírāˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti. The past stem *bьr-a- emerged from zero-grade *br-a- through secondary ablaut.


ěsti

ě̀sti (canonical)
ědenьje (noun-from-verb)
ěsti (infinitive)
ěstъ (supine)
ědlъ (l-participle)
ědenъ (participle passive past)
ědomъ (participle passive present)
ědъ (active participle past)
ědy (active participle present)
ěsъ (aorist first-person singular)
ě(stъ) (aorist second-person singular)
ě(stъ) (aorist singular third-person)
ěmь (first-person present singular)
ěsi (present second-person singular)
ěstь (present singular third-person)
ěsově (aorist dual first-person)
ěsta (aorist dual second-person)
ěste (aorist dual third-person)
ěvě (dual first-person present)
ěsta (dual present second-person)
ěste (dual present third-person)
ěsomъ (aorist first-person plural)
ěste (aorist plural second-person)
ěsę (aorist plural third-person)
ěmъ (first-person plural present)
ěste (plural present second-person)
ědętь (plural present third-person)
ěděaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
ěděaše (imperfect second-person singular)
ěděaše (imperfect singular third-person)
ěďь (imperative second-person singular)
ěďь (imperative singular third-person)
ěděaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
ěděašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
ěděašete (dual imperfect third-person)
ědivě (dual first-person imperative)
ědita (dual imperative second-person)
ěděaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
ěděašete (imperfect plural second-person)
ěděaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
ědimъ (first-person imperative plural)
ědite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ѣсти (jěsti)

Old Ruthenian: ѣ́сти (jě́sti)
Belarusian: е́сці (jésci), е́сьці (jésʹci)
Carpathian Rusyn: ї́сти (jísty)
Ukrainian: ї́сти (jísty)

Russian: есть (jestʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: ꙗсти (jasti)

Glagolitic: ⱑⱄⱅⰹ (ěsti)

Bulgarian: ям (jam)

Macedonian: ја́де (jáde)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: је̏сти, јисти

Latin script: jȅsti, jisti

Slovene: jẹ́sti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Kashubian: jesc

Old Czech: jiesti

Czech: jíst

Old Polish: jeść

Polish: jeść

Polabian: jest

Slovak: jesť

Slovincian: jêsc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: jěsć

Lower Sorbian: jěsć

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ḗˀstei (present *ḗˀdmi), usually explained as an instance of Winter's law, deriving from Proto-Indo-European *h₁édti (“to eat”).
The PIE root *h₁ed- is sometimes argued to have an acrostatic Narten present, with a lengthened-grade in the singular active, which would render the Proto-Indo-European source as *h₁ḗd-.


synъ

sy̑nъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
sy̑nъ (nominative singular)
sy̑ny (dual nominative)
sy̑nove (nominative plural)
sy̑nu (genitive singular)
synovù (dual genitive)
synòvъ (genitive plural)
sy̑novi (dative singular)
synъmà (dative dual)
sy̑nъmъ (dative plural)
sy̑nъ (accusative singular)
sy̑ny (accusative dual)
sy̑ny (accusative plural)
sy̑nъmь (instrumental singular)
synъmà (dual instrumental)
synъmì (instrumental plural)
synú (locative singular)
synovù (dual locative)
sy̑nъxъ (locative plural)
synu (singular vocative)
sy̑ny (dual vocative)
sy̑nove (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: сꙑнъ (synŭ)
Old Ruthenian: сынъ (syn)
Belarusian: сын (syn)
Carpathian Rusyn: сын (sŷn)
Ukrainian: син (syn)
Russian: сын (syn)

Old Novgorodian: сꙑнъ (synŭ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: сꙑнъ (synŭ)

Glagolitic: ⱄⱏⰺⱀⱏ (synŭ)

Bulgarian: син (sin)

Macedonian: син (sin)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: си̑н

Latin script: sȋn

Slovene: sȋn (tonal)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: syn
Czech: syn

Old Polish: syn
Polish: syn
Silesian: syn

Old Slovak: syn
Slovak: syn

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: syn

Slovincian: syn

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: syn

Upper Sorbian: syn

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.


vě

vě̑ (canonical)
jãzъ (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
ty̑ (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
mę̑ (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
tę̑ (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sę̑ (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mȅne (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
tȅbe (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
sȅbe (genitive personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mьně̀ (first-person locative personal pronoun singular)
tebě̀ (locative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sebě̀ (locative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mьně̀ (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
tebě̀ (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
ti (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sebě̀ (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
si (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mъnòjǫ (first-person instrumental personal pronoun singular)
mъnojǫ̀ (first-person instrumental personal pronoun singular)
tobòjǫ (instrumental personal pronoun second-person singular)
tobojǫ̀ (instrumental personal pronoun second-person singular)
sobòjǫ (instrumental personal pronoun reflexive singular)
sobojǫ̀ (instrumental personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mojь (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
tvojь (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
svojь (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular)
vě̑ (dual first-person nominative personal pronoun)
vȃ (dual nominative personal pronoun second-person)
nȃ (accusative dual first-person personal pronoun)
vȃ (accusative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sę̑ (accusative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
nàju (dual first-person genitive personal pronoun)
vàju (dual genitive personal pronoun second-person)
sȅbe (dual genitive personal pronoun reflexive)
nàju (dual first-person locative personal pronoun)
vàju (dual locative personal pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (dual locative personal pronoun reflexive)
nàma (dative dual first-person personal pronoun)
vàma (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
va (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
si (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
nàma (dual first-person instrumental personal pronoun)
vàma (dual instrumental personal pronoun second-person)
sobòjǫ (dual instrumental personal pronoun reflexive)
sobojǫ̀ (dual instrumental personal pronoun reflexive)
našь (dual first-person personal possessive pronoun)
vašь (dual personal possessive pronoun second-person)
svojь (dual personal possessive pronoun reflexive)
my̑ (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
vy̑ (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
ny̑ (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
vy̑ (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sę̑ (accusative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàsъ (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
vàsъ (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
sȅbe (genitive personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàsъ (first-person locative personal plural pronoun)
vàsъ (locative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (locative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàmъ (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
vàmъ (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
sebě̀ (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
si (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
nàmi (first-person instrumental personal plural pronoun)
vàmi (instrumental personal plural pronoun second-person)
sobòjǫ (instrumental personal plural pronoun reflexive)
sobojǫ̀ (instrumental personal plural pronoun reflexive)
našь (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
vašь (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
svojь (personal plural possessive pronoun reflexive)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вѣ (vě)

South Slavic:

Middle Bulgarian: вѣ (vě)

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: вѣ (vě)

Glagolitic: ⰲⱑ (vě)

Serbo-Croatian: -vo (Bednja Kajkavian, possibly)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vě (C14)

Old Czech: va (C15, by analogy to the new verbal 1st person ending -va instead of the older -vě, also to the number dva)

Old Polish: wa (same analogy as in Czech)

Kashubian: ma < *va < vě (same analogy as in Czech, m- due to influence of the plural form)

Slovincian: wa (same analogy as in Kashubian)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: wi (dialectal, secondary -i by analogy to the o-stem plural desinence -i)

wej (by analogy to the new verbal 1st person ending -ej, or to other pronouns such as tej and wonej)

From Proto-Indo-European *wḗ/*wéh₁ (“we two”), the nominative dual of *éǵ(h₂), *eǵHóm, *eǵóh₂ (“I”).


ľubiti

ľūbìti (canonical imperfective)
b (accent-paradigm)
ľubľenьje (noun-from-verb)
ľubiti (infinitive)
ľubitъ (supine)
ľubilъ (l-participle)
b (accent-paradigm)
ľubľenъ (participle passive past)
ľubimъ (participle passive present)
ľubľь (active participle past)
ľubę (active participle present)
b (accent-paradigm)
ľubixъ (aorist first-person singular)
ľubi (aorist second-person singular)
ľubi (aorist singular third-person)
ľubľǫ (first-person present singular)
ľubiši (present second-person singular)
ľubitь (present singular third-person)
ľubixově (aorist dual first-person)
ľubista (aorist dual second-person)
ľubiste (aorist dual third-person)
ľubivě (dual first-person present)
ľubita (dual present second-person)
ľubite (dual present third-person)
ľubixomъ (aorist first-person plural)
ľubiste (aorist plural second-person)
ľubišę (aorist plural third-person)
ľubimъ (first-person plural present)
ľubite (plural present second-person)
ľubętь (plural present third-person)
ľubľaaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
ľubľaaše (imperfect second-person singular)
ľubľaaše (imperfect singular third-person)
ľubi (imperative second-person singular)
ľubi (imperative singular third-person)
ľubľaaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
ľubľaašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
ľubľaašete (dual imperfect third-person)
ľubivě (dual first-person imperative)
ľubita (dual imperative second-person)
ľubľaaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
ľubľaašete (imperfect plural second-person)
ľubľaaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
ľubimъ (first-person imperative plural)
ľubite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: любити (ljubiti)

Belarusian: любі́ць (ljubícʹ)

Russian: люби́ть (ljubítʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: любить (ljubytʹ)

Ukrainian: люби́ти (ljubýty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: любити (ljubiti)

Glagolitic script: ⰾⱓⰱⰻⱅⰻ (ljubiti)

Bulgarian: лю́бя (ljúbja)

Macedonian: љуби (ljubi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: љу́бити

Latin script: ljúbiti

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: ljubīti, ljūbiti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: ľúbiti
Czech: líbit

desctree

Old Polish: lubić
Polish: lubić
Silesian: lubić

Polabian: ľaibĕt

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: lubic

Slovincian: lëbjic

Old Slovak:

Pannonian Rusyn: любиц (ljubic)

Slovak: ľúbiť

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: lubiś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ljaubī́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *lowbʰéyeti, from *lewbʰ-.


věděti

vě̀děti (canonical imperfective)
c (accent-paradigm)
věděnьje (noun-from-verb)
věděti (infinitive)
vědětъ (supine)
vědělъ (l-participle)
c (accent-paradigm)
věděnъ (participle passive past)
vědomъ (participle passive present)
věděvъ (active participle past)
vědy (active participle present)
c (accent-paradigm)
věděxъ (aorist first-person singular)
vědě (aorist second-person singular)
vědě (aorist singular third-person)
věmь (first-person present singular)
vědě (first-person present singular)
věsi (present second-person singular)
věstь (present singular third-person)
věděxově (aorist dual first-person)
věděsta (aorist dual second-person)
věděste (aorist dual third-person)
věvě (dual first-person present)
věsta (dual present second-person)
věste (dual present third-person)
věděxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
věděste (aorist plural second-person)
věděšę (aorist plural third-person)
věmъ (first-person plural present)
věste (plural present second-person)
vědętь (plural present third-person)
věděaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
věděaše (imperfect second-person singular)
věděaše (imperfect singular third-person)
věďь (imperative second-person singular)
věďь (imperative singular third-person)
věděaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
věděašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
věděašete (dual imperfect third-person)
vědivě (dual first-person imperative)
vědita (dual imperative second-person)
věděaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
věděašete (imperfect plural second-person)
věděaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
vědimъ (first-person imperative plural)
vědite (imperative plural second-person)

Marko Snoj
Oleg Trubachyov
Rick Derksen
ru:Аникин, Александр Евгеньевич

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: вѣдѣти (věděti)

Belarusian: ве́даць (vjédacʹ)

desc

Russian: (dated or poetic) ве́дать (védatʹ), ве́сти (vésti)

Ukrainian: (dated or poetic) ві́дати (vídaty), віді (vidi, “probably, maybe”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: вѣдѣти (věděti)

Bulgarian: вям (vjam) (obsolete)

⇒ Bulgarian: невя́м (nevjám, “uncertainly”, adverb)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: (Kajkavian) ведети

Latin script: (Kajkavian) vedeti

Slovene: vẹ́deti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

desctree

Old Czech: věděti
Czech: vědět
Bohemian (Chod dialect): vedět

Old Polish: wiedzieć
Polish: wiedzieć
Silesian: wiedzieć

Slovak: vedieť

Polabian: vedĕt

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: wiedzec

Slovincian: wjêdzec

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wěźeś

Upper Sorbian: wědźeć, wjedźeć

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *waid-, *waistei, from Proto-Indo-European *wóyde (“to have seen, to know”), perfect of *weyd- (“to see”). Cognate with Old Prussian waist (“to know”) (waidimai class 1p. pl.), Ancient Greek οἶδα (oîda), Proto-Germanic *witaną (whence English wit).

inh

zapovědь

*pověsti, *pověděti (“to decree, to preach”)


sedmь

sla-decl-noun-table

Declension of *sedmь (consonant stem)

sedmь (nominative singular)
sedmь (accusative singular)
sedme (genitive singular)
sedme (locative singular)
sedmi (dative singular)
sedmьjǫ (instrumental singular)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: седмь (sedmĭ), семь (semĭ)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: семъ (sem), симъ (sim) — Old Ukrainian
Belarusian: сем (sjem)
Carpathian Rusyn: сім (sim)
Ukrainian: сім (sim)

Russian: семь (semʹ)

Old Novgorodian: семъ (semŭ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: седмь (sedmĭ)

Glagolitic: ⱄⰵⰴⰿⱐ (sedmĭ)

Bulgarian: се́дем (sédem)

Macedonian: седум (sedum)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: се̏дам

Latin script: sȅdam

Slovene: sẹ́dəm (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: sedm
Czech: sedm

Old Polish: siedm
Polish: siedem
Silesian: siedym

Slovak: sedem

Polabian: sidĕm, sėdm

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: sétme, sétmë

Slovincian: sétem

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: sedym, sedymjo

Upper Sorbian: sydom

From *sedmъ (“seventh”). Displaced *setь < *septь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *septín, from Proto-Indo-European *septḿ̥.