glina

glìna (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
glìna (nominative singular)
glìny (genitive singular)
glìně (dative singular)
glìnǫ (accusative singular)
glìnojǫ (instrumental singular)
glìnǭ (instrumental singular)
glìně (locative singular)
glìno (singular vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: глина (glina)

Old Ruthenian: глина (hlina)

Belarusian: глі́на (hlína)

Carpathian Rusyn: глина (hlyna)

Ukrainian: гли́на (hlýna)

Russian: гли́на (glína)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: гли́на (glína)

Macedonian: гли́на (glína)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гли́на

Latin script: glína

Slovene: glína (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hlína

Czech: hlína

Moravian (Mistřice): hlina

Kashubian: glëna

Polabian: glaino

Polish: glina

Slovak: hlina

Slovincian: glëna

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: glina

Upper Sorbian: hlina

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gléiˀnāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *gleh₁y-. Baltic cognates include Lithuanian gléinė (“moist clay”). Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek γλία (glía, “loam”), γλίνη (glínē, “loam”).


usta

ūstà (canonical neuter plural)
b (accent-paradigm)
ūstà (nominative plural)
ũstъ (genitive plural)
ūstòmъ (dative plural)
ūstà (accusative plural)
ũsty (instrumental plural)
ũstěxъ (locative plural)
ūstà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: уста (usta)
Old Ruthenian: уста (usta)
Carpathian Rusyn: уста́ (ustá)
Ukrainian: вуста́ (vustá), уста́ (ustá)
Russian: уста́ (ustá)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: оуста (usta)

Bulgarian: уста́ (ustá)

Macedonian: уста (usta)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: у́ста

Latin script: ústa

Slovene: ústa (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: usta, ústa, ousta
Czech: ústa

Old Polish: usta
Polish: usta

Polabian: vaustă

Slovak: ústa

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wusta

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃éh₁os (“mouth”).

ustàtъ

having big mouth; figr. chatty, garrulous


melko

melkò (canonical neuter)
b (accent-paradigm)
mēlkò (nominative singular)
mēlkà (genitive singular)
mēlkù (dative singular)
mēlkò (accusative singular)
mēlkъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
mēlkòmь (instrumental singular)
mēlcě̀ (locative singular)
mēlkò (singular vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: молоко (moloko)

Old Ruthenian: молоко́ (molokó)

Old Belarusian: малако́ (malakó)

Belarusian: малако́ (malakó)

Carpathian Rusyn: молоко́ (molokó)

Ukrainian: молоко́ (molokó)

Russian: молоко́ (molokó)
→ Yup'ik: muluk'uuq, malak'uuq

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: млѣко (mlěko)

Glagolitic: ⰿⰾⱑⰽⱁ (mlěko)

Bulgarian: мля́ко (mljáko)

Macedonian: мле́ко (mléko)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мле́ко, млије́ко, мли́ко

Latin: mléko, mlijéko, mlíko

Slovene: mlẹ́ko (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mléko

Czech: mléko

Bohemian (sla-pro, Common Czech): mlíko

Old Polish: mleko
Polish: mleko
Silesian: mlyko

Old Slovak: mlieko

Pannonian Rusyn: млєко (mljeko)

Slovak: mlieko

Polabian: mlåkă

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: mlékò, mélkò

Slovincian: mlókô

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: mloko

Lower Sorbian: mloko

Uncertain:
* Borrowed from either Gothic 𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌿𐌺𐍃 (miluks, “milk”) or Proto-West Germanic *meluk (“milk”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂melǵ- (“to milk”) with unexpected 'u' (cp. *melkaną (“to milk”)).
** Related to: *melzti (“to milk”), *melza, *melzivo and Tocharian A malke (“milk”), Tocharian B malkwer (“milk”), Old Irish melg n (“milk”), mlicht m (“milk”) : mligid (“to milk”), Welsh blith m (“milk”) and Proto-Samic *mielkkē (“milk”).
** (+) Proto-Indo-European palatovelar */ǵ/ is reflexed as centum and voiceless (inherited form would be **melzo or **melgo). See also Latin melca f, Ancient Greek μέλκᾱ f (mélkā).
** (∓) u > ъ is expected (per ESSJa: **mьlъcь, **mьlьčь). This would require an intermediary language that would drop the medial *-u- from Proto-Germanic word and thematicize the stem. But compare Old Church Slavonic срацини (sracini) : Latin Saracēnī.
** (–) Neuter gender of the Slavic word: loanwords rarely become neuter when they are borrowed into Proto-Slavic, and neuter donor words mainly become masculine or feminine.
** (–) per Oleg Trubačev: it belongs to the accent paradigm b. However, this argument is weak since the final stress goes back to earlier stem stress, which is not unlikely among the Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic.
* Per A. Brückner, Valentin Kiparsky: from Proto-Indo-European *melk- or *melḱ-.
** Related to 1: *molka, *molkyta (> Serbo-Croatian mlȁka/мла̏ка (“pool, puddle”), Old East Slavic молокита (molokita, “swamp”) and Romanian mlacă (“swamp, marsh”), mlaștină (“swamp”)) and Lithuanian mal̃kas (“swallow (gulp)”), Latvian màlks, màlka.
** Related to 2: Russian мо́лость (mólostʹ, “bad weather”)
** Related to 1/2: Gothic 𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌷𐌼𐌰 (milhma, “cloud”), possibly Ancient Greek μέλκιον (mélkion), Latin mulceō
** This etymology has been criticized as semantically far-fetched.
Compare milk names:
* Old Prussian dadan (“milk”) : ?
* Lithuanian píenas m (“milk”) : mélžti (“to milk”), Sanskrit पयस् n (payas, “milk”) : ?, Proto-Finnic *piimä (“milk”) (also Proto-Finnic *maito (“milk”)).
* Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšiHrám n (“milk”) : ?, Albanian hirrë f (“whey”)
* Ancient Greek γάλα n (gála, “milk”), γάλακτος (gálaktos, Gsg.) : ἀμέλγω (amélgō, “I milk”), Latin lac n (“milk”), lactis (Gsg.) : mulgeō (“I milk”)
* Albanian tambël m (“milk, whey”) (< ëmbël (“sweet”)) : mjel (“I milk”). See also Proto-Indo-European *mélit n (“honey”), *médʰu n.

nc

с<u>ра</u>цини

cog

Rick Derksen
ru:Черных, Павел Яковлевич


vorta

vōrtà (canonical)
vortà (canonical neuter plural)
b (accent-paradigm)
vōrtà (nominative plural)
võrtъ (genitive plural)
vōrtòmъ (dative plural)
vōrtà (accusative plural)
võrty (instrumental plural)
võrtěxъ (locative plural)
vōrtà (plural vocative)
c (accent-paradigm)
vortà (nominative plural)
võrtъ (genitive plural)
vortòmъ (dative plural)
vortà (accusative plural)
vortý (instrumental plural)
vortě̃xъ (locative plural)
vortà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ворота (vorota)

Old Ruthenian: ворота (vorota)

Old Belarusian: ворота (vorota)

Belarusian: варо́ты (varóty)

Ukrainian: воро́та (voróta)

Russian: воро́та (voróta)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: врата (vrata)

→ Russian: врата́ (vratá)

Bulgarian: врата́ (vratá)

Macedonian: врата (vrata)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: вра́та

Latin script: vráta

Slovene: vráta

West Slavic:

Old Czech: vrata

Czech: vrata

Kashubian: wrota

Polabian: vortă

Old Polish: wrota

Polish: wrota

Slovak: vráta

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: wrota, rota

Fossilized plural form of Proto-Balto-Slavic *wárta n (possibly *warˀtá n), cognate with Old Prussian warto pl (“house door”). Attested as masc. gender in Lithuanian var̃tai pl (“house gates”), Latvian vàrti pl (“house gates”) (technically from an earlier *wártas m). Formally resembles Proto-Slavic *vortъ (“turn, rotational element”) (a derivative of *vьrtěti (“to rotate”)), but probably ultimately from the root of Proto-Slavic *verti (“to shove, to enclose”).


děti

děnǫti (perfective)
děvati (perfective)
dětьje (noun-from-verb)
děti (infinitive)
dětъ (supine)
dělъ (l-participle)
dětъ (participle passive past)
děvъ (active participle past)
děxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dě (aorist second-person singular)
dě (aorist singular third-person)
deďǫ (first-person present singular)
deďeši (present second-person singular)
deďetь (present singular third-person)
děxově (aorist dual first-person)
děsta (aorist dual second-person)
děste (aorist dual third-person)
deďevě (dual first-person present)
deďeta (dual present second-person)
deďete (dual present third-person)
děxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
děste (aorist plural second-person)
děšę (aorist plural third-person)
deďemъ (first-person plural present)
deďete (plural present second-person)
deďǫtь (plural present third-person)
deďi (imperative second-person singular)
deďi (imperative singular third-person)
deďivě (dual first-person imperative)
deďita (dual imperative second-person)
deďimъ (first-person imperative plural)
deďite (imperative plural second-person)
dětьje (noun-from-verb)
děti (infinitive)
dětъ (supine)
dělъ (l-participle)
dětъ (participle passive past)
děvъ (active participle past)
děxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dě (aorist second-person singular)
dě (aorist singular third-person)
děnǫ (first-person present singular)
děneši (present second-person singular)
děnetь (present singular third-person)
děxově (aorist dual first-person)
děsta (aorist dual second-person)
děste (aorist dual third-person)
děnevě (dual first-person present)
děneta (dual present second-person)
děnete (dual present third-person)
děxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
děste (aorist plural second-person)
děšę (aorist plural third-person)
děnemъ (first-person plural present)
děnete (plural present second-person)
děnǫtь (plural present third-person)
děni (imperative second-person singular)
děni (imperative singular third-person)
děněvě (dual first-person imperative)
děněta (dual imperative second-person)
děněmъ (first-person imperative plural)
děněte (imperative plural second-person)
dětьje (noun-from-verb)
děti (infinitive)
dětъ (supine)
dělъ (l-participle)
dětъ (participle passive past)
dějemъ (participle passive present)
děvъ (active participle past)
děję (active participle present)
děxъ (aorist first-person singular)
dě (aorist second-person singular)
dě (aorist singular third-person)
dějǫ (first-person present singular)
děješi (present second-person singular)
dějetь (present singular third-person)
děxově (aorist dual first-person)
děsta (aorist dual second-person)
děste (aorist dual third-person)
dějevě (dual first-person present)
dějeta (dual present second-person)
dějete (dual present third-person)
děxomъ (aorist first-person plural)
děste (aorist plural second-person)
děšę (aorist plural third-person)
dějemъ (first-person plural present)
dějete (plural present second-person)
dějǫtь (plural present third-person)
děaxъ (first-person imperfect singular)
děaše (imperfect second-person singular)
děaše (imperfect singular third-person)
ději (imperative second-person singular)
ději (imperative singular third-person)
děaxově (dual first-person imperfect)
děašeta (dual imperfect second-person)
děašete (dual imperfect third-person)
dějivě (dual first-person imperative)
dějita (dual imperative second-person)
děaxomъ (first-person imperfect plural)
děašete (imperfect plural second-person)
děaxǫ (imperfect plural third-person)
dějimъ (first-person imperative plural)
dějite (imperative plural second-person)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: дзець (dzjecʹ)

Russian: деть (detʹ)

Ukrainian: ді́ти (díty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: дѣти (děti)

Bulgarian: де́я (déja) (archaic)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дети

Latin script: deti

Slovene: dẹ́ti (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: dieti
Czech: dít

desctree

Old Polish: dziać, dzieć, dziejać
Polish: dziać
Silesian: dziŏć

Old Slovak: diať

Slovak: diať

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: dzôc

Slovincian: dzoc

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: dźeć

Lower Sorbian: źaś

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dḗˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁ti, from *dʰeh₁- (“do; put”).

→ to put on (clothes)

(transitive) to thread, to hitch, to process


děti

c (accent-paradigm)
dě̑ti (nominative plural)
dětь̀jь (genitive plural)
dě̑tьmъ (dative plural)
dě̑ti (accusative plural)
dětьmì (instrumental plural)
dě̑tьxъ (locative plural)
dě̑ti (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: дзе́ці (dzjéci)

Russian: де́ти (déti)

Ukrainian: ді́ти (díty)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: дѣти (děti)

Bulgarian: де́ти (déti) (dialectal)

West Slavic:

Czech: děti

Kashubian: dzecë

Polish: dzieci

Old Slovak: deti

Pannonian Rusyn: дзеци (dzeci)

Slovak: deti

Slovincian: ʒìe̯cä


voji

voji (nominative plural)
vojь (genitive plural)
vojemъ (dative plural)
voję̇ (accusative plural)
voji (instrumental plural)
vojixъ (locative plural)
voji (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: вои (voi)


Rimъ

Rĩmъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Glagolitic script: Ⱃⰹⰿⱏ (Rimŭ)

Old Cyrillic script: Римъ (Rimŭ)
Bulgarian: Рим (Rim)
Macedonian: Рим (Rim)
→ Old East Slavic: Римъ (Rimŭ)
Old Ruthenian: Римъ (Rim)
Belarusian: Рым (Rym)
Carpathian Rusyn: Рим (Rym)
Ukrainian: Рим (Rym)
Russian: Рим (Rim)
→ Romanian: Râm (obsolete)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: Ри̑м

Latin script: Rȋm

Slovene: Rím (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: Řím
Czech: Řím
→ Kashubian: Rzim
→ Old Polish: Rzym
Polish: Rzym
→ Silesian: Rzim
→ Slovak: Rím

From Latin Rōma. The substitution of ō with *i is enigmatic; many implausible propositions have been made. The source was probably Germanic (compare Proto-Germanic *Rūmō); it is possible to think of a back-formation from *rĩmьskъ, from a reflex of Proto-Germanic *Rūmiskaz with umlaut.


agnętina

agnętina (nominative singular)
agnętiny (genitive singular)
agnętině (dative singular)
agnętinǫ (accusative singular)
agnętinojǫ (instrumental singular)
agnętinǫ (instrumental singular)
agnętině (locative singular)
agnętino (singular vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: ягня́ціна (jahnjácina)

Russian: ягня́тина (jagnjátina)

Ukrainian: ягня́тина (jahnjátyna)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ја̀њетина, ја̀гњетина

Latin script: jànjetina, jàgnjetina

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: jágnjetina, jagnjetína (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jěhnětina (“lambskin”)

desc

Czech: jehnětina (“lambskin”), jehněčina (“lambskin, lamb meat”)

Polish: jagnięcina

Slovak: jahňacina

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: jagnjeśina


olъ

ȍlъ (canonical masculine)
c (accent-paradigm)
ȍlъ (nominative singular)
ȍlu (genitive singular)
ȍlovi (dative singular)
ȍlъ (accusative singular)
ȍlъmь (instrumental singular)
olú (locative singular)
olu (singular vocative)

Oleg Trubachyov
Rick Derksen
ru:Журавлёв, Анатолий Фёдорович

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: олъ (olŭ)

Russian: ол (ol) (archaic, dialectal)

South Slavic:

Church Slavonic олъ (olŭ)

Slovene: ọ̑l, ọ̑ł (tonal orthography)

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *álu, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂elut-. Displaced by Proto-Slavic *pȋvo.

(possibly; Slavic mythology) drink of immortality


Daďьbogъ

Daďьbogъ (nominative singular)
Daďьboga (genitive singular)
Daďьbogu (dative singular)
Daďьbogъ (accusative singular)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: Дажьбогъ (Dažĭbogŭ)

Russian: Дажьбог (Dažʹbog)

Ukrainian: Дажбог (Dažboh)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian: Дажбог

West Slavic:

Old Polish: dadzibog

Polish: Dadźbog, Dadźbóg

A compound of *daďь, imperative form of *dati (“to give”), and *bogъ (“god”).


Perunъ

Perunъ (nominative singular)
Peruna (genitive singular)
Perunu (dative singular)
Perunъ (accusative singular)
Peruně (locative singular)
Perune (singular vocative)

East Slavic:

desctree

Old East Slavic: Перунъ (Perunŭ)
Old Ruthenian: Перунъ (Perun)
Belarusian: Пяру́н (Pjarún)
Carpathian Rusyn: Перу́н (Perún)
Ukrainian: Перу́н (Perún)
Russian: Перу́н (Perún)

Old Novgorodian: Перꙑне (Peryne)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: Перун (Perun)

Macedonian: Перун (Perun)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: Пе̏рун

Latin script: Pȅrun

Slovene: Perun

West Slavic:

Czech: Perun

Old Polish: Piorun, Pierun, Pieruń

Polish: Piorun

Old Slovak: Parom


dětьca

dětьca (nominative singular)
dětьcę̇ (genitive singular)
dětьci (dative singular)
dětьcǫ (accusative singular)
dětьcejǫ (instrumental singular)
dětьcǫ (instrumental singular)
dětьci (locative singular)
dětьce (singular vocative)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: деца́ (decá)

Macedonian: де́ца (déca)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: дѐца, дјѐца

Latin: dèca, djèca

Slovene: déca


bratrьja

bràtrьja (canonical)
bràtьja (canonical feminine)
a (accent-paradigm)
bràtrьja (nominative singular)
bràtrьję̇ (genitive singular)
bràtrьjī (dative singular)
bràtrьjǫ (accusative singular)
bràtrьjējǫ (instrumental singular)
bràtrьjǭ (instrumental singular)
bràtrьjī (locative singular)
bràtrьje (singular vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: бра́тья pl (brátʹja)

Ukrainian: бра́ття pl (bráttja)

Old Novgorodian: братьꙗ (bratĭja)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: братрьꙗ (bratrĭja), братьꙗ (bratĭja)

Glagolitic: ⰱⱃⰰⱅⱃⱐⱑ (bratrĭě), ⰱⱃⰰⱅⱐⱑ (bratĭě)

Bulgarian: братя pl (bratja)

Macedonian: браќа pl (braḱa)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бра̏ћа

Latin script: brȁća

Slovene: brátje pl

West Slavic:

Old Czech: bratřie f sg

Czech: bratří pl

Polish: bracia pl

Slovak: bratia pl

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: bratrojo pl

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰreh₂tr̥yeh₂-. By surface analysis, *bratrъ + *-ьja. Cognate with Ancient Greek φρατρία (phratría).


čistostь

čistostь (nominative singular)
čistosti (genitive singular)
čistosti (dative singular)
čistostь (accusative singular)
čistostьjǫ (instrumental singular)
čistosti (locative singular)
čistosti (singular vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: чистость (čistostĭ)

Belarusian: чы́стасць (čýstascʹ)

Russian: чи́стость (čístostʹ) (rare)

Ukrainian: чи́стість (čýstistʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: чистость (čistostĭ)

Glagolitic: ⱍⰺⱄⱅⱁⱄⱅⱐ (čistostĭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: чи̏сто̄ст

Latin script: čȉstōst

Slovene: čístost

West Slavic:

Czech: čistost

Polish: czystość

Slovak: čistosť (archaic)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: čistosć

Lower Sorbian: cystosć

From *čistъ (“clean, pure”) + *-ostь (“-ness”).


Bělovoldъ

Bělovoldъ (nominative singular)
Bělovolda (genitive singular)
Bělovoldu (dative singular)
Bělovoldъ (accusative singular)
Bělovoldě (locative singular)
Bělovolde (singular vocative)

East Slavic: Бѣловолодъ (Bělovolodŭ)

From *bělъ (“white”) + *-o- + *volděti (“to rule”).


ľudьje

ľȗdьje (canonical masculine plural)
c (accent-paradigm)
ľȗdьjē (nominative plural)
ľudь̀jь (genitive plural)
ľȗdьmъ (dative plural)
ľȗdi (accusative plural)
ľudьmì (instrumental plural)
ľȗdьxъ (locative plural)
ľȗdьjē (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: людиѥ (ljudije), люди (ljudi)

Old Ruthenian: лю́ди (ljúdi), лу́ди (lúdi), лю́дїе (ljúdije), лу́дїе (lúdije)

Old Belarusian: лю́дзи (ljúdzi)

Belarusian: лю́дзі (ljúdzi)

Ukrainian: лю́ди (ljúdy); лю́де (ljúde) (dialectal)

Russian: лю́ди (ljúdi)

→ Ludian: lüüdi

→ Finnish: lyydi

→ English: Ludic

→ Livvi: livvi

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: людиѥ (ljudije)

Glagolitic: ⰾⱓⰴⰻⰵ (ljudie)

Bulgarian: лю́де (ljúde), лю́ди (ljúdi)

Macedonian: луѓе (luǵe)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: љу̑ди

Latin script: ljȗdi

Slovene: ljudjẹ̑ (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: ľudie
Czech: lidé

desctree

Old Polish: ludzie
Polish: ludzie
Silesian: ludzie

Old Slovak: ludzie

Pannonian Rusyn: людзе (ljudze)

Slovak: ľudia

Polabian: ľaudai, ľaudi

Pomeranian:

Kashubian: lëdze

Slovincian: lëdze

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: ludźo

Lower Sorbian: luźe

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ljaudejes, nominative plural of *ljaudis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁léwdʰis.


Mokošь

Mokošь (nominative singular)
Mokoši (genitive singular)
Mokoši (dative singular)
Mokošь (accusative singular)
Mokoši (locative singular)
Mokoši (singular vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: Мокошь (Mokošĭ), Мокашь (Mokašĭ, “Mokosh”)

Russian: мокош (mokoš), мокуш (mokuš), Мокошь (Mokošʹ), макеш (makeš, “demon, helpful spirit, mythical being”) (dialectal)

⇒ Russian: мо́куша (mókuša), мокуша́ (mokušá), мокоша́ (mokošá), мокуша (mokuša) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: Макешь (Makešʹ), Макош (Makoš) (dialectal?)

South Slavic:

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: Мокош, Мокошка (personal name)

Latin script: Mokoš, Mokoška (personal name)

West Slavic:

>? Czech: Mokošín (toponym)

Moravian: >? mokeš (“nickname”)

Old Polabian: *Mokos

→ Latin: Mukus, Mukes (learned)

From *moky (“wetland”) + *-ošь, literally “she who is wet”.

affix

Mokosh (Slavic goddess of earth and fate)


gǫsli

gǫ̀sli (canonical feminine plural)
gǫsli (nominative plural)
gǫslьjь (genitive plural)
gǫslьmъ (dative plural)
gǫsli (accusative plural)
gǫslьmi (instrumental plural)
gǫslьxъ (locative plural)
gǫsli (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: гусли (gusli)

Belarusian: гу́слі (húsli)

Russian: гу́сли (gúsli)

Carpathian Rusyn: гу́слї (húslji)

Ukrainian: гу́слі (húsli)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: гѫсли (gǫsli)

Bulgarian: гу́сла (gúsla)

Macedonian: гусла (gusla)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: гу̏сле

Latin script: gȕsle

West Slavic:

Czech: housle

Polish: gęśle

Pannonian Rusyn: гушля (hušlja)

Slovak: husle

From *gǫsti + *-slь. Compare Lithuanian kañklės pl (“kanklės?”) and also Finnish kannel, kantele, Karelian kandelen, Veps kandel, Livonian kandla.

gusle, gusli (a type of violin-like stringed musical instrument)


jasli

jàsli (canonical feminine plural)
jasli (nominative plural)
jaslьjь (genitive plural)
jaslьmъ (dative plural)
jasli (accusative plural)
jaslьmi (instrumental plural)
jaslьxъ (locative plural)
jasli (plural vocative)

Church Slavonic: ꙗсли (jasli) (Russian), ꙗсли pl (jasli)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: ꙗсли (jasli)

Belarusian: я́слі pl (jásli)

Russian: я́сли pl (jásli)

Ukrainian: я́сла n pl (jásla)

Old Novgorodian: ꙗсли (jasli)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ꙗсли (jasli)

desc

Bulgarian: я́сла f (jásla), я́сли pl (jásli)

Macedonian: јасли pl (jasli)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ја̏сле f pl, ја̏сли f pl

Latin script: jasle, jasla f, jȁsla pl, jȁslo n

Slovene: jȃsli pl (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: jěsli pl

Czech: jesle pl, jesli?, jaseľ, jaseľe, jaśle pl

Polish: jasła pl, jasły pl, jasło pl

Slovak: jasle pl

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: jasla pl, jasła

Lower Sorbian: jasła n pl

→ Romanian: iesle

From earlier *ědsli-, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēˀdsl-


okovъ

okòvъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
okòvъ (nominative singular)
okovà (dual nominative)
okovì (nominative plural)
okovà (genitive singular)
okovù (dual genitive)
okòvъ (genitive plural)
okovù (dative singular)
okovòma (dative dual)
okovòmъ (dative plural)
okòvъ (accusative singular)
okovà (accusative dual)
okovỳ (accusative plural)
okovъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
okovòmь (instrumental singular)
okovòma (dual instrumental)
okòvy (instrumental plural)
okově̀ (locative singular)
okovù (dual locative)
okòvěxъ (locative plural)
okove (singular vocative)
okovà (dual vocative)
okovì (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: оков (okov), оковы (okovy)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Cyrillic: окови (okovi)

Bulgarian: окови pl (okovi)

Macedonian: окови pl (okovi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: оков

Latin script: okov

Slovene: okȍv (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: okovy pl

Polish: okowy pl

Slovak: okovy pl


čerslo

čerslò (canonical neuter)
b (accent-paradigm)
čērslò (nominative singular)
čẽrslě (dual nominative)
čērslà (nominative plural)
čērslà (genitive singular)
čērslù (dual genitive)
čẽrslъ (genitive plural)
čērslù (dative singular)
čērslòma (dative dual)
čērslòmъ (dative plural)
čērslò (accusative singular)
čẽrslě (accusative dual)
čērslà (accusative plural)
čērslъ̀mь (instrumental singular)
čērslòmь (instrumental singular)
čērslòma (dual instrumental)
čẽrsly (instrumental plural)
čērslě̀ (locative singular)
čērslù (dual locative)
čẽrslěxъ (locative plural)
čērslò (singular vocative)
čẽrslě (dual vocative)
čērslà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: чересла (čeresla)

Belarusian: чарасло (čarasló)

Russian: чересло́ (čeresló), че́ресло (čéreslo)

Ukrainian: чересло́ (čeresló)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: чрѣсла (črěsla)

Bulgarian: чресла́ (čreslá)

→ Russian: чре́сла (črésla)

Macedonian:

Slovene: čreslo

West Slavic:

Old Czech: čřieslo

Czech: tříslo, stříslo

Old Polish: trzosło, strzosła

Polish: trzosło, trzósło; >? trzustka

Slovak: črieslo

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: cŕosło

Upper Sorbian: črjósło

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kerslá. Equivalent to *čersti + *-slo.
Cognate with Lithuanian ker̃slas (“cutter”) (kir̃sti, kertù), Old Prussian kersle (“pickaxe, axe with 2 blades”). Also compare Lithuanian kirkšnìs/kìrkšnis (“hip joint”), Latvian cir̂ksnis (“groin”) or Latvian šķerslis or Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐍂𐌰 (hairþra), Old High German hërdar or Latin culter, cultrum.
For the meaning compare French taille (“waist”), Italian taglia (< Latin taliāre (“to cut”)).

cog

(plural only) thighs (South and West Slavic)

(plural only) loin, small of the back (East Slavic)


dobľestь

dobľestь (nominative singular)
dobľesti (genitive singular)
dobľesti (dative singular)
dobľestь (accusative singular)
dobľestьjǫ (instrumental singular)
dobľesti (locative singular)
dobľesti (singular vocative)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

desc

Old Cyrillic script: доблѥсть (dobljestĭ)

Glagolitic script: [Term?]

Bulgarian: доблест (doblest)

Macedonian: доблест (doblest)

Slovene: dobljȇst (“capability”)

From *dobľь (“noble, brave, honest”) + *-estь (“-ness”).


moldostь

mȏldostь (canonical feminine)
moldostь (nominative singular)
moldosti (genitive singular)
moldosti (dative singular)
moldostь (accusative singular)
moldostьjǫ (instrumental singular)
moldosti (locative singular)
moldosti (singular vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: мо́лодость (mólodostʹ)

Ukrainian: мо́лодість (mólodistʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: мла́дост (mládost)

Macedonian: мла́дост (mládost)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: мла̏до̄ст

Latin script: mlȁdōst

Slovene: mladọ̑st (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: mladost

Polish: młodość

Slovak: mladosť


živostь

žȋvostь (canonical feminine)
živostь (nominative singular)
živosti (genitive singular)
živosti (dative singular)
živostь (accusative singular)
živostьjǫ (instrumental singular)
živosti (locative singular)
živosti (singular vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: жы́васць (žývascʹ)

Russian: жи́вость (žívostʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: живост (živost)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: жи̏во̄ст

Latin script: žȉvōst

Slovene: živọ̑st (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: živost

Polish: żywość

Lower Sorbian: žywosć


starostь

starostь (nominative singular)
starosti (genitive singular)
starosti (dative singular)
starostь (accusative singular)
starostьjǫ (instrumental singular)
starosti (locative singular)
starosti (singular vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: старость (starostĭ)

Belarusian: ста́расць (stárascʹ)

Russian: ста́рость (stárostʹ)

Ukrainian: ста́рість (stáristʹ)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

desc

Old Cyrillic script: старость (starostĭ)

Glagolitic script: ⱄⱅⰰⱃⱁⱄⱅⱐ (starostĭ)

Bulgarian: ста́рост (stárost)

Macedonian: старост (starost)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: ста̏ро̄ст

Latin script: stȁrōst

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: stárost, starọ̑st (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: starost

Polabian: storüst

Old Polish: starość

Polish: starość


drъva

drъvà (canonical neuter plural)
c (accent-paradigm)
drъvà (nominative plural)
drъ̀vъ (genitive plural)
drъvòmъ (dative plural)
drъvà (accusative plural)
drъvý (instrumental plural)
drъvě̃xъ (locative plural)
drъvà (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: дръва (drŭva), дрова (drova), дрꙑва (dryva)

Old Belarusian: дрова (drova), дрыва (dryva), дрва (drva)

Belarusian: дро́вы (dróvy), дро́ва (dróva)

Middle Russian: дръва (drʺva), дрова (drova)

Russian: дрова́ (drová)

Old Ukrainian: дрова (drova), дрива (driva), дрыва (dryva), дърва (drva)

Ukrainian: дро́ва (dróva)

Carpathian Rusyn: дырва (dŷrva)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: дръва (drŭva)

Russian Church Slavonic: дръва (drŭva), дрова (drova)

Bulgarian: дърва́ (dǎrvá)

Macedonian: дрва (drva)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: др̀ва, др̏еа f (“log”)

Latin script: dr̀va, dȑea f (“log”)

Slovene: dŕva

West Slavic:

Czech: drva (dialectal)

Kashubian: drwa

Polabian: dråvă

Polish: drwa

Slovak: drvá (dialectal)


širь

šȋrь (canonical feminine)
širь (nominative singular)
širi (genitive singular)
širi (dative singular)
širь (accusative singular)
širьjǫ (instrumental singular)
širi (locative singular)
širi (singular vocative)

East Slavic:

Russian: ширь (širʹ)

Ukrainian: шир (šyr)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: ширь (širĭ)

Bulgarian: шир (šir)

Macedonian: шир (šir)

Slovene: šȋr (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: šíř, šíře

desctree

Old Polish: szyrz
Polish: (obsolete) szerz

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: šěŕ

Upper Sorbian: šуŕ

Uncertain. Speculated to be a borrowing from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćšáytram (“land, country”) (likely via Scythian), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tḱey- (“to settle, to cultivate”).
Alternatively, it could be a dialectal derivative of Proto-Indo-European *sḱēy- (“to shine”), cognate with Proto-Slavic *ščirъ (“sincere, honest”) and Proto-Germanic *skīriz (“sheer, pure”).


pьrxotь

pьrxotь (nominative singular)
pьrxoti (genitive singular)
pьrxoti (dative singular)
pьrxotь (accusative singular)
pьrxotьmь (instrumental singular)
pьrxoti (locative singular)
pьrxoti (singular vocative)

East Slavic:

Belarusian: перхаць (pjerxacʹ)

Russian: пе́рхоть (pérxotʹ)

South Slavic:

Bulgarian: пъ́рхот (pǎ́rhot)

Macedonian: првут (prvut)

Slovene: prhọ̑t, prhljȃj

From *pьrxъ (“powder”) + *-otь, ultimately descending from Proto-Indo-European *pers- (“to process, to run through, to spatter”).

(in West Slavic)


nъťьvy

nъťьvy (nominative plural)
nъťьvъ (genitive plural)
nъťьvamъ (dative plural)
nъťьvy (accusative plural)
nъťьvami (instrumental plural)
nъťьvasъ (locative plural)
nъťьvaxъ (locative plural)
nъťьvy (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: нъчьвꙑ (nŭčĭvy), ночьвꙑ (nočĭvy)

Old Ruthenian: но́чвы f pl (nóčvy), ночо́вки (nočóvki)

Belarusian: но́чвы f pl (nóčvy), начо́ўкі (načóŭki)

Ukrainian: но́чви f pl (nóčvy), ночо́вки (nočóvky)

Russian: но́чвы́ f pl (nóčvý), ночо́вки (nočóvki), ночёвки (nočóvki)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: нъштвꙑ f pl (nŭštvy), нъштви f pl (nŭštvi)

Bulgarian: но̀щвѝ f pl (nòštvì); dialectally нъ́щви f pl (nǎ́štvi), нъшки́ f pl (nǎškí), нъ́чви f pl (nǎ́čvi), но́кви f pl (nókvi), ношкови́ f pl (noškoví), нъщови́ f pl (nǎštoví), но̀щовѝ f pl (nòštovì), не́шкеви f pl (néškevi) and others

Macedonian: ноќви f pl (noḱvi), ношви f pl (nošvi) (dialectal)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: на̏ћве f pl, навће, млаћве (dialectal)

Latin script: nȁćve f pl, navće, mlaćve (dialectal)

desc/sl-tonal

Slovene: nəčkẹ̑, nəškẹ̑, nəčvẹ̑ f pl (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: necky f pl

Czech: necky f pl

Lechitic:

Old Polish: niecki f pl

Polish: niecki f pl; also niecka f sg

→ Ukrainian: не́цьки f pl (nécʹky)

Polabian: nacṭai f pl

Slovincian: njêchy f pl

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: ńacki, ńecki f pl

Upper Sorbian: mjecki f pl

Perchance from Proto-Indo-European *neygʷ- (“to wash”).

tray, trough, wooden tub wherein one performs household jobs


nьťьky

nьťьky (nominative plural)
nьťьkъ (genitive plural)
nьťьkamъ (dative plural)
nьťьky (accusative plural)
nьťьkami (instrumental plural)
nьťьkasъ (locative plural)
nьťьkaxъ (locative plural)
nьťьky (plural vocative)


nьťьvy

nьťьvy (nominative plural)
nьťьvъ (genitive plural)
nьťьvamъ (dative plural)
nьťьvy (accusative plural)
nьťьvami (instrumental plural)
nьťьvasъ (locative plural)
nьťьvaxъ (locative plural)
nьťьvy (plural vocative)


nъťьky

nъťьky (nominative plural)
nъťьkъ (genitive plural)
nъťьkamъ (dative plural)
nъťьky (accusative plural)
nъťьkami (instrumental plural)
nъťьkasъ (locative plural)
nъťьkaxъ (locative plural)
nъťьky (plural vocative)


zelьje

zèlьje (canonical neuter)
zelьje (nominative singular)
zelьja (genitive singular)
zelьju (dative singular)
zelьje (accusative singular)
zelьjьmь (instrumental singular)
zelьjemь (instrumental singular)
zelьji (locative singular)
zelьje (singular vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: зелье (zelĭje)

desc

Old Ruthenian: зельє (zelʹje), зелїє (zelije), зеллє (zellje), зеллꙗ (zellja)

Belarusian: зе́лле (zjéllje)

Ukrainian: зі́лля (zíllja)

Russian: зе́лье (zélʹje, “potion”)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: зелиѥ (zelije)

Bulgarian: зе́ле (zéle, “cabbage”)

⇒ Bulgarian: зелка (zelka)

Macedonian: зелје (zelje)

⇒ Macedonian: зелка (zelka, “cabbage”)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: зе̑ље (“cabbage, spinach”)

Latin script: zȇlje (“cabbage, spinach”)

Slovene: zẹ́ljе (“vegetation, grass”)

West Slavic:

Czech: zelí (“cabbage”)

Polabian: ziľă (“grass”)

Polish: ziele

Slovak: ziele

Sorbian:

Lower Sorbian: zele

Upper Sorbian: zеlо

Collective noun from an earlier i-stem adjective *zelь + *-ьje, continuing Proto-Balto-Slavic *źelˀias (“green”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“to sprout, to shine”). Baltic languages reflect almost the same lemma, however, with o-grade: Lithuanian žãlias (“green”), Latvian zaļš (“green”). Further cognate with Sanskrit हरि (hari, “golden, pale, yellow”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰárHiš.


zaduxъ

zaduxъ (nominative singular)
zaduxa (genitive singular)
zaduxu (dative singular)
zaduxъ (accusative singular)
zaduxъmь (instrumental singular)
zaduxomь (instrumental singular)
zaduśě (locative singular)
zaduše (singular vocative)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: задуха f (zaduxa)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: задоухъ (zaduxŭ)

→ Romanian: zăduf

desc

Bulgarian: задух m (zaduh, “asthma”), задуха f (zaduha)

Macedonian: задув (zaduv)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: за̏духа f

Latin script: zȁduha f

West Slavic:

Polish: zaduch n, zaducha f

From *za- (“for”) + *duxъ (“gasp”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰews-, an s-extension of *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”).


gaťę

gaťę̇ (nominative plural)
gaťь (genitive plural)
gaťamъ (dative plural)
gaťę̇ (accusative plural)
gaťami (instrumental plural)
gaťasъ (locative plural)
gaťaxъ (locative plural)
gaťę̇ (plural vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *гачѣ (*gačě) if plural and *гачи (*gači) if dual

Russian: га́чи (gáči), га́ти (gáti)

Ukrainian: га́чі (háči)

→ Finnish: kaatiot

→ Ingrian: kaatiat

→ Votic: kaatsõd

→ Komi-Zyrian: гач (gać)

South Slavic:

Russian Church Slavonic: гащѧ (gaštę)

→ Russian: га́щи (gášči)

Bulgarian: га́щи (gášti), гащя́ (gaštjá)

Macedonian: гаќи (gaḱi)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: га̏ће

desctree

Latin: gȁće, gȁća f sg
→ Hungarian: gatya
→ Austrian German: Gate

Slovene: gȃče, gȃte

West Slavic:

Old Czech: hácě, hacě

Czech: hace

Old Polish: gace

Polish: gacie

→ Czech: gatě, gaťe, katě

⇒ gaťky

→ Slovak: gate, gaťe,

⇒ gatky

→ Yiddish: גאַטקעס (gatkes)

Sorbian:

Upper Sorbian: haca

Lower Sorbian: gaca

Most conveniently explained from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₂- (“to go, to walk around”) which was displaced by Proto-Slavic *jьti but is retained in dialectal Lithuanian góti apart from some old derivations. Stankiewicz, before this was understood, proposed *gʰeh₁bʰ- (“to grab”) found as Proto-Slavic *gabati (“to grab”) meaning in Lithuanian góbti also “to wrap, to cover”, however from the first root there is *gatь (“a causeway through swamps”), and suffixed + *-ja one had therefore (one leg of a pair or trinity of) rain trousers for walking through swamps, which is particularly likely since one knows that the Slavs before their expansion dwelt in the Polish swamps.


Semь

Semь (nominative singular)
Semь (accusative singular)

East Slavic:

desc

Old East Slavic: Семь (Semĭ), Сѣмь (Sěmĭ)

Old Ruthenian: Семь (Semʹ), Семъ (Sem)

Belarusian: Сейм (Sjejm)

Ukrainian: Сейм (Sejm)

Russian: Семь (Semʹ), Сеимъ (Seim), Сеймъ (Sejm) (Pre-reform orthography (1918))

Russian: Сейм (Sejm); Семь (Semʹ), Сем (Sem) (Kursk subdialects)

Probably an Iranian origin, borrowed from Scythian, further from Proto-Iranian *cyaHmáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćyaHmás (“black”), originally meaning “black, dark river”.
Cognates include Avestan 𐬯𐬁𐬨𐬀 (sāma, “black”), Sanskrit श्याम (śyāmá, “black, dark-coloured, dark blue”).


Dъněprъ

b (accent-paradigm)
Dъně̃prъ (nominative singular)
Dъně̃prъ (accusative singular)
Dъněpre (singular vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: Дънѣпръ (Dŭněprŭ), Дьнѣпрь (Dĭněprĭ)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: Днѣпръ (Dněpr), Днѣпро́ (Dněpró)
Belarusian: Дняпро́ (Dnjapró), Днепр (Dnjepr)
Carpathian Rusyn: Днїпр (Dnjipr)
Ukrainian: Дніпро́ (Dnipró); Дніпр (Dnipr) (archaic); Дні́пер (Dníper) (dialectal)

Middle Russian: Днѣпръ (Dněpr)

Russian: Днепр (Dnepr)

⇒ Old East Slavic: Непръ (Neprŭ)

desc

Old Ruthenian: Непрь (Neprʹ), Непръ (Nepr)

Russian: Непра (Nepra) (folklore)

West Slavic:

Old Czech: Dněpr

Czech: Dněpr

Polish: Dniepr

Non-Slavic:

→ Ancient Greek: Δάναπρις (Dánapris) (6ᵗʰ cent.)

From Scythian/Old Ossetic (Sarmatian) *Dānu Apara (“Far River”) or *Dānapr (“Deep River”). The former derivation would pair it with the Dniester (“Near River”), while the latter would refer to its lack of fords.

Dnieper (a river in Russia, Belarus and Ukraine)


Sъvarogъ

Sъvarògъ (canonical masculine)
b (accent-paradigm)
Sъvarògъ (nominative singular)
Sъvarogà (genitive singular)
Sъvarogù (dative singular)
Sъvarògъ (accusative singular)

South Slavic:

Church Slavonic: *Съварогъ (*Sŭvarogŭ) (Russian recension)

→ Old East Slavic: Сварогъ (Svarogŭ) (learned)

Belarusian: Сваро́г (Svaróh)

Russian: Сваро́г (Svaróg)

Ukrainian: Сваро́г (Svaróh); Со́варог (Sóvaroh) (dialectal)

→ Bulgarian: Сварог (Svarog) (learned)

→ Czech: Svarog, Svaroh (learned) (learned)

→ Kashubian: Swarog (learned)

→ Macedonian: Сварог (Svarog) (learned)

→ Polish: Swaróg (learned)

→ Serbo-Croatian: (learned)

Cyrillic script: Сварог

Latin script: Svarog

→ Slovak: Svarog (learned)

→ Slovene: Svarog (learned)

Old Bulgarian: *Сва́рогъ (*Svárog, proper noun)

Сва́рошка бара

⇒ Bulgarian: Сва́рог (Svárog, econym), Сва́рошка бара (Svároška bara, oronym)

→ Romanian: sfarog (dialectal, rare)

West Slavic:

⇒ Czech: Svaroh (oronym)

⇒ Old Sorbian: Zwarogk (oronym)

Non-Slavic:

→ German: Svarog (learned)

→ Greek: Σβαρόγ (Svaróg) (learned)

→ English: Svarog (learned)

→ Spanish: Svarog (learned)

→ French: Svarog (learned)

→ Hebrew: סבארוג (learned)

→ Japanese: スヴァローグ (learned)

Probably from earlier *sъvarògъ ("fire"), from *sъvarъ (“heat”) + *-ogъ. After Christianization, the word сва́рог (svárog) has been preserved in the Russian Novgorod dialect meaning "fire; blacksmith", and "grasshopper", the latter meaning compare with modern Common Russian кузнечик (kuznečik, “grasshopper”, literally “little blacksmith”) (see also dial. сварожина (svarožina, “grasshopper”)). The word was also borrowed into Romanian dialectal sfarog (“dried or burnt food”) from a South Slavic source reconstructed as *сварогъ (*svarog), probably Bulgarian.
Per Brückner, from *svarъ (“trouble, quarrel”) + *-ogъ with literal meaning “the fire arguer” (Polish ogień-kłótnik). However, in Slavic languages such a derivation is not attested.
In the past, the stem *svar- was thought to be borrowing from Indo-Iranian word for sun, sky, cf. Sanskrit स्वर् (svar), Avestan 𐬵𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆 (huuar^ə), Classical Persian خور (xwar), but this etymology cannot be accepted for phonetic and geographical reasons. It is also unclear why the Slavs would borrow the word for sun from the Indo-Iranians, which had no religious connotations, although they did not borrow the word for sun from other, neighboring peoples.


Xъrsъ

Xъrsъ (nominative singular)
Xъrsъ (accusative singular)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: Хърсъ (Xŭrsŭ) (see there for further descendants)

South Slavic:

⇒ Old Bulgarian: Хръсъ (Hrǎs, proper noun)

⇒ Bulgarian: Хърсово (Hǎrsovo, toponyms)

⇒ Old Serbian: Хьрсь (proper noun)

⇒ Serbian: Hrs (proper noun)

West Slavic:

⇒? Old Czech: Chorúš (proper noun)

⇒ Old Polish: *Kars (proper noun), *Chars

⇒ Old Polish: Karsy (toponym)

Non-Slavic:

→ German: Chors (learned)

→ English: Khors, Hors, Xors (learned)

→ French: Khors (learned)

→ Japanese: ホルス (learned)

From earlier *Kъrsъ, nominalization of *kъrsъ (“shrunken, thin”). For alternation between *x and *k cf. Ukrainian хохо́л (xoxól) : Slovak kochol (from Proto-Slavic *xoxolъ from earlier *koxolъ), Russian хлопоты (xlopoty) : Polish kłopot, Kashubian kłopot : chłopot (from Proto-Slavic *klopotъ), also Polish cholebać : kolebać, chełzać : kiełzać.
For Slavic semantics compare Old Czech vetech, Polish wietek, wiotek (dialectal), Russian ве́тох (vétox), all meaning “waning moon”, from Proto-Slavic *vetъxъ (“old”).
For non-Slavic semantics compare Hittite [script needed] (Arma, “god of the Moon”), from 𒌚 (arma-, “moon, month”), possibly from 𒅕𒈠𒀭 (erman-, “sickness; to decline”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁erm-o-s, from *h₁erm- (“ill, poor”).
However other etymologies are proposed, as there is no sureness behind Khors' original function. The Iranian etymology of the theonym is proposed, probably from a descendant of Proto-Iranian *huHarxšaytah (“radiant Sun”), cf. Iranian Persian خورشید (xoršīd) or Ossetian хор (xor, “sun”). Mikhail Vasil'yev stated that the name could not have been borrowed from Middle Persian, but from Sarmatian or Alan peoples in the first millennium BC (so-called Iranian inversion). Some scholars who agree with Iranian etymology therefore usually interpret Khors as a solar deity.. However, scholars like Vasmer, Toporov and Beskov criticize this theory, as some phonetic and historic problems concerning this borrowing arise.


Strybogъ

Strybogъ (nominative singular)
Stryboga (genitive singular)
Strybogu (dative singular)
Strybogъ (accusative singular)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: Стрибогъ (Stribogŭ) (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Old East Slavic: Стрибожь (Stribožĭ)

Russian: Стрибожь (Stribožʹ)

⇒ Ukrainian: Стрибоже (Strybože) (hydronym), Стрибожская (Strybožskaja) (hydronym), Стрибож (Strybož) (econym)

West Slavic:

⇒ Polish: Strzyboga (econym)

⇒? Polish:

→? Latin: Striboc (learned)

⇒? Old Polabian: [Term?] (hydronym)

→? Latin: Striboz (learned)

Non-Slavic:

→ German: Stribog (learned)

→ English: Stribog (learned)

→ French: Stribog (learned)

→ Japanese: ストリボーグ (learned)

From *strybъ from *stry-, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *srū-, from Proto-Indo-European *srew- (“to flow, stream”) + *-ogъ. For the structure compare *Sъvarogъ.
Old East Slavic Стрибогъ (Stribogŭ) instead of expected **Стрыбогъ can be explained by mixing i and y attested for southern Old East Slavic texts since 11ᵗʰ cent. which is explained as South Slavic influence, cf. Ukrainian Стрий (Stryj) : Стрый (Stryj), Стрына (Stryna) : Стрина (Stryna).
The theonym is also often reconstructed as *Stribogъ, from *stьri (“to extend, spread”) + *bogъ, for the structure compare *Daďьbogъ. This etymology is possible, but unlikely due to the uniqueness of the etymology of *Daďьbogъ, which has its origin in a wish-formula (see *daďь bože).

der

(Slavic mythology) Stribog (Slavic god of the water or river)


ablonьje

àblonьje (canonical neuter)
a (accent-paradigm)
àblonьje (nominative singular)
ablonьja (genitive singular)
ablonьju (dative singular)
àblonьje (accusative singular)
ablonьjьmь (instrumental singular)
ablonьjemь (instrumental singular)
ablonьji (locative singular)
àblonьje (singular vocative)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: яблуння́ (jablunnjá)

West Slavic:

Czech: jabloní

(North Slavic, botany, collective) apple trees (plants of the genus Malus)


nadorgy

nadorgy (nominative plural)
nadorgъ (genitive plural)
nadorgamъ (dative plural)
nadorgy (accusative plural)
nadorgami (instrumental plural)
nadorgasъ (locative plural)
nadorgaxъ (locative plural)
nadorgy (plural vocative)

South Slavic:

desc

Old Church Slavonic: надрагꙑ pl (nadragy)

→ Hungarian: nadrág

→ Old Polish: nadragi pl

→ Old Ruthenian: надра́кги pl (nadrági)

→ Romanian: nădragi pl

→ Old East Slavic: надраги pl (nadragi) (14ᵗʰ c.)

Middle Russian: надра́ги pl (nadrági) (17ᵗʰ c.), надра́гы pl (nadrágy) (1499)

Russian: надра́ги pl (nadrági) (dialectal)

Plural of obsolete *nadorga, related to *na- + *dьrgati (“to pull, to tug”).


abrędьje

abrędьje (nominative singular)
abrędьja (genitive singular)
abrędьju (dative singular)
abrędьje (accusative singular)
abrędьjьmь (instrumental singular)
abrędьjemь (instrumental singular)
abrędьji (locative singular)
abrędьje (singular vocative)

West Slavic:

Polish: jabrzędzie, abrzędzie (“black poplar”) (dialectal)

(collective) West Slavic form of *abrědьje (“plant shoots, twigs, scions”)


abrědьje

abrědьje (nominative singular)
abrědьja (genitive singular)
abrědьju (dative singular)
abrědьje (accusative singular)
abrědьjьmь (instrumental singular)
abrědьjemь (instrumental singular)
abrědьji (locative singular)
abrědьje (singular vocative)

South Slavic:

Church Slavonic: ꙗбрѣдиѥ (jabrědije), абрѣдиѥ (abrědije) (Russian recension)

From unattested *abrědъ (from *a- + *brědъ (“fruit”), compare Slovincian wôbród < *obrědъ?) + *-ьje.
The West and South Slavic range of the word is evidenced by alternative form.

(West and South Slavic, collective) plant shoots, twigs, scions


agodьje

agodьje (nominative singular)
agodьja (genitive singular)
agodьju (dative singular)
agodьje (accusative singular)
agodьjьmь (instrumental singular)
agodьjemь (instrumental singular)
agodьji (locative singular)
agodьje (singular vocative)

East Slavic:

Ukrainian: ягіддя (jahiddja)

South Slavic:

Slovene: jágodje (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: jahodí, jahůdí


agodišče

agodišče (nominative singular)
agodišča (genitive singular)
agodišču (dative singular)
agodišče (accusative singular)
agodiščьmь (instrumental singular)
agodiščemь (instrumental singular)
agodišči (locative singular)
agodišče (singular vocative)

West Slavic:

Czech: jahodiště

South Slavic

Kajkavian Serbo-Croatian: jagodište, jagodišće

(West and South Slavic) place where the berries grow, berry field


Dunavь

Dunavь (nominative singular)
Dunavi (genitive singular)
Dunavi (dative singular)
Dunavь (accusative singular)
Dunavi (locative singular)
Dunavi (singular vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: Дунаи (Dunai)

Old Ruthenian: Дуна́й (Dunáj)

Belarusian: Дуна́й (Dunáj)

Carpathian Rusyn: Дуна́й (Dunáj)

Ukrainian: Дуна́й (Dunáj); дуна́й (dunáj)

Russian: Дуна́й (Dunáj); дуна́й (dunáj) (dialectal)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic:

Old Cyrillic script: Доунавъ (Dunavŭ)

Glagolitic script: Ⰴⱆⱀⰰⰲⱏ (Dunavŭ)

Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: Ду̀нав, Ду̀на̑ј

Latin script: Dùnav, Dùnȃj

Slovene: Dúnaj (tonal orthography)

West Slavic:

Czech: Dunaj

Polish: Dunaj

Slovak: Dunaj

From Proto-Germanic *Dōnawjaz, from Proto-Celtic *Dānowyos (whence also Danubius), an extended form of the river-name *Dānu, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₂nu (“river goddess”), akin to *dʰenh₂- (“to set in motion; to flow”).


Slovǫta

Slovǫta (nominative singular)
Slovǫty (genitive singular)
Slovǫtě (dative singular)
Slovǫtǫ (accusative singular)
Slovǫtě (locative singular)
Slovǫto (singular vocative)

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: *Словѫта (*Slovǫta)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: Славута (Slavuta) (1610–1635; 17–18ᵗʰ cent.)
Ukrainian: Славу́та (Slavúta) (poetic)
→ Middle Polish: Słautą (1615), Sławutą (1642) (learned)

desc

Словѫтичь<g:m>

⇒ Old East Slavic: Словѫтичь m (Slovǫtičĭ) (The Tale of Igor's Campaign, late 12ᵗʰ cent.)

→ Middle Russian: Слаутичъ (Slautič) (learned) (late 17ᵗʰ cent.)

→ Russian: Славу́тич (Slavútič) (learned)

→ Ukrainian: Славу́тич (Slavútyč) (learned)

Uncertain. Usually believed to be from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlewH- (“to clean”) + *-ǫta. Displaced by *Dъněprъ.