e-

Nganasan: нисы (njisɨ)

Enets:

Forest Enets: иҫь (iš')

Tundra Enets: ише (iše)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: ни (nyi, “no”)

Tundra Nenets: нись (nyisʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *ašša (indicative), *i̮kə (imperative)

Northern Selkup: ашша (ašša) (indicative), ыкы (yky) (imperative)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: ā, аӽа́ (indicative), ыг (yg), ы̄г (ȳg) (imperative)

Upper Ob: ас (as) (indicative), iог (iog) (imperative)

Kamassian: езьәт (eźət), ей (ej, “no; not”)

>? Koibal: аби (abi, “no; not”)

Mator: и- (i-)


e-

Selkup:

Northern Selkup: ӣӄо

Southern Selkup:

Narym: и́гу (ígu), ӣгу (jīgu)

Upper Ob: иигу (iigu)

Kamassian: изьәт (iźət)

Koibal: и- (i-)

Likely from Proto-Uralic *wexe-, with an irregular loss of initial *w-. Compare a similar development in *åəj- (“to be”).


ti-

>? Nganasan: тәуди (təudji), тәирси (təirsi)

Enets:

Forest Enets: чиҫь (čiš'), чидь (čid')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: чиш (ćyiš), чиԓьш (ćyiłʹš)

Tundra Nenets: тись (tyisʹ°), тирць (tyircʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *tī-

Northern Selkup: ті̄мпыӄо

Southern Selkup:

Narym: ти́лҗэгу (tílǯegu)

Mator: ти- (ti-)


ti-

Nganasan: чиимси (čiimsi)

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: тимзь (tyimzʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *tē-

Northern Selkup: тэ̄ӄо (tēqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: тэ̄гу (tēgu), тэ́мгу (témgu)

Upper Ob: тиэббэгу (tiebbegu)

Kamassian: тхеʼзьәт (tʰeʔźət)

Koibal: тӓп- (täp-)


men-

Nganasan: мынсы (mɨnsɨ)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: миньш (myinʹš)

Tundra Nenets: минзь (myinzʹ°)

Kamassian: мәнзьәт (mənźət)


so-

Enets:

Forest Enets: сочь (soč')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: хоʼш (xohš)

Tundra Nenets: соць (socʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *sōt-

Northern Selkup: со̄тӄо (sōtqo)

Kamassian: суʼзьәт (suʔźət)

Koibal: суʼб- (suʔb-)

Proto-Selkup: *sōqəl-

Northern Selkup: со̄ӄылӄо (sōqylqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: хо́ӷэлгу (xóģelgu)

Mator: согол- (sogol-)


so-

Enets:

Forest Enets: соҫь (soš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: хош (xoš)

Tundra Nenets: сось (sosʹ°)


u-

Proto-Selkup: *ū-

Northern Selkup: ӯӄо

Mator: у- (u-)


pi-

desc

⇒ Nganasan: хиибтысы (xiibtɨsɨ, “to warm up”)

Enets:

Forest Enets: пиҫь (piš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: пиш (pyiš)

Tundra Nenets: пись (pyisʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *pi-

Northern Selkup: пиӄо (piqo)

Kamassian: пхӱзьәт (pʰüźət)


pa-

Enets:

Forest Enets: пяҫь (pjaš')

Tundra Enets: пеше (peše)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: пяш (pyaš)

Tundra Nenets: пясь (pyasʹ°)

Kamassian: пхазьәт (pʰaźət)

Koibal: па- (pa-)

Mator: хӓ- (hä-)


nu-

⇒ Nganasan: нумәдя (numədja, “to wake”)

Enets:

>? Forest Enets: нэҫь (neš')

>? Tundra Enets: нооше (nooše, nɔɔše)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: нуш (nuš)

Tundra Nenets: нусь (nusʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *ni̮-

Northern Selkup: ныӈкыӄо (nyŋkyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: ныӈгэгу́ (nyŋgegú)

Upper Ob: нэккэгу (nekkegu)

Kamassian: нузьәт (nuźət)

Koibal: ну- (nu-)


tar-

Nganasan: тарса (tarsa)

Enets:

Forest Enets: тɛчь (tɛč')

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: тярць (tyarcʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *tār-

Southern Selkup:

Narym: та̄ргу (tārgu)

Upper Ob: тааргу (taargu)

Kamassian: тхарзьәт (tʰarźət)

Koibal: тар- (tar-)

Mator: тӓр- (tär-)

Uncertain. Has been compared with Proto-Uralic *šure-, but the correspondence is irregular. Alternatively, perhaps borrowed from Proto-Turkic *tar- (“to scatter”).


om-

Nganasan: ӈуомса (ŋuomsa)

Enets:

>? Forest Enets: ӈодь (ŋod')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: ӈомш (ŋomš)

Tundra Nenets: ӈомдась (ŋomdasʹ°)

Mator: омдə- (omdə-)


mi-

Nganasan: миси (misi)

Enets:

Forest Enets: мичь (mič')

Tundra Enets: миче (miče)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: миʼш (myihš)

Tundra Nenets: миць (myicʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *mi-

Northern Selkup: миӄо (miqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: мегу́ (mjegú), мигу́ (migú)

Upper Ob: мэгу (megu)

Kamassian: мәзьәт (məźət)

Koibal: ме- (me-)

Mator: ми- (mi-)


por-

Mator: хор- (hor-)


elä-

Nganasan: нилыди (njilɨdji)

Enets:

Forest Enets: дириҫь (djiriš')

Tundra Enets: ирэше (ireše)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: диԓеш (dyiłyeš)

Tundra Nenets: илесь (yilyesʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *ilə-

Northern Selkup: илыӄо (ilyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: элгу́ (elgú), илэгу́ (ilegú), иллэгу́ (illegú)

Upper Ob: йилэгу (jilegu)

Kamassian: *джилзьәт (*ʒ́ilźət) [as the gerund джили (ʒ́ili, “living”)]

Mator: *илә- (*ilə-) [as the present participle иләндӓ (iləndä, “living”)]


ko-

Enets:

Forest Enets: коҫь (koš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: ко̄ш (kōš)

Tundra Nenets: хось (xosʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *qō-

Northern Selkup: ӄоӄо (qoqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: ӄогу́ (qogú), когу́ (kogú)

Upper Ob: куогу (kuogu)

Kamassian: кхузьәт (kʰuźət)

Koibal: ку- (ku-)

Mator: ко- (ko-)


näk-

Nganasan: нягиˮтәсы (njagiʔtəsɨ)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: нэхэʼпёш (nexehpyoš)

Tundra Nenets: нэ̇хэсь (nėxesʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *näk-

Northern Selkup: нӓкӓӄо (näkäqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: наге́ҷэгу, нагэ́ҷэгу, нӓгэ́ҷэгу

Upper Ob: някджэгу (njakdžegu)

Kamassian: ньеʼзьәт (ńeʔźət)

Koibal: неʼ- (neʔ-)


nul-

Enets:

>? Forest Enets: нэруҫь (neruš')

>? Tundra Enets: ноороше (nooroše, nɔɔroše)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: нуԓаш (nułaš)

Tundra Nenets: нулць (nulcʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *ni̮lejə-

Northern Selkup: ныллэ̄ӄо (nyllēqo)

Kamassian: нулаʼзьәт (nulaʔźət)


cåŋå-

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: таӈаԓāш (taŋałāš)

Tundra Nenets: таӈась (taŋasʹ°)

From Proto-Uralic *čaŋa- (“to strike, beat, rub”).


cåŋo-

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: таӈось (taŋosʹ°)

Kamassian: тхаӈозьәт (tʰaŋoźət)


pat-

desc

Nganasan: хуатідя (xuatidja, “to dip, plunge”)

Enets:

Forest Enets: пезиҫь (peziš', “to boil”)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: пя̄тӑш (pyātăš)

Tundra Nenets: пядӑсь (pyadăsʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *pot-

Northern Selkup: потӄо (potqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: по́тку (pótku, “to cook”)

Kamassian: пхадзьәт (pʰadźət)

Koibal: пад- (pad-, “to cook”)

From Proto-Uralic *pata (“pot, cauldron”).


ë-

From Proto-Uralic *jëxe-. The loss of initial *j- is unexpected, but a similar development is also seen in *jïntə (“bow”).


ü-

Proto-Selkup: *ǖ-

Northern Selkup: ӱ̄ӄо (ǖqo)

From Proto-Uralic *wixe- (“to bring, take somewhere”), with an irregular loss of intitial *w-.


ńåə-

Nganasan: нөньдетәса (nönʹdjetəsa)

Enets:

Forest Enets: насуҫь (nasuš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: нянсӑш (nyansăš)

Tundra Nenets: нянзӑсь (nyanzăsʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *ńū-

Northern Selkup: ню̄ӄо (njūqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: нӱ́голгу (nǘgolgu)

Upper Ob: нюугллэгу (njuugllegu)

Kamassian: нӱзьәт (nüźət)


mentä-

Nganasan: мындысы (mɨndɨsɨ)

Enets:

Forest Enets: мидеҫь (midješ')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: минеш (myinyeš)

Tundra Nenets: минесь (myinyesʹ°)

desc

Kamassian: мәнәзьәт (mənəźət, “to drive, compel”)

Koibal: менин- (menin-, “to drive, compel”)

From *men- (“to go”), from Proto-Uralic *mene-.


ju-

Enets:

Forest Enets: дюҫь (djuš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: дюш (dyuš)

Tundra Nenets: юсь (yusʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *ťū-

Northern Selkup: чуӄо (ćuqo)

Southern Selkup:

Tym: чугу (čugu)

Ket: тюгу (tjugu)

Kamassian: джӱзьәт (ʒ́üźət)


jəkə-

Nganasan: декәди (djekədji)

Enets:

Forest Enets: дёхаҫь (djohaš')

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: яхӑсь (yaxăsʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *ťaqə-

Northern Selkup: чаӄыӄо (ćaqyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Upper Ob: тягэгу (tjagegu)

Kamassian: джәгарзьәт (ʒ́əgarźət)

Mator: чагә- (čagə-)

Possibly from Proto-Uralic *jëka- (“to share, to divide”), although the vowels do not correspond (PU *ë → PSam *ë or *ï, not *ə).


sälä-

Nganasan: селиди (sjelidji)

Enets:

desc

⇒ Forest Enets: сэруси (serusi, “file (tool)”)

Nenets:

>? Tundra Nenets: силпӑсь (syilpăsʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *selə-

Northern Selkup: селымпыӄо (sjelympyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: хэлгу́ (xelgú)

Upper Ob: сэллэгу (sellegu)

Kamassian: селзьәт (selźət)


asəl-

Proto-Selkup: *āsəl-

Northern Selkup: ө̄сылӄо (å̄sylqo)

Southern Selkup:

Upper Ob: асэлгу (aselgu)

Kamassian: азәʼзьәт (azəʔźət)

Koibal: азиб- (azib-)


åjtå-

Nganasan: ӈучудя (ŋučudja)

Enets:

Forest Enets: эзтаҫь (eztaš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: ӈайтаԓаш (ŋaytałaš)

Tundra Nenets: ӈэдарась (ŋedarasʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *ǖtə-

Northern Selkup: ӱ̄тыӄо (ǖtyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: ӱ́дэгу (ǘdegu), ӱ́догу (ǘdogu)

Upper Ob: іідэгу

Kamassian: ӱʼзьәт (üʔźət)

Koibal: от- (ot-) [= ? ӧт- (öt-)]

Mator: аштә- (aštə-)

Perhaps from Proto-Uralic *aja- (“to drive”).


åmtə-

Nganasan: ӈомтәдя (ŋomtədja)

Enets:

Forest Enets: адуҫь (aduš')

Tundra Enets: адуше (aduše)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: ӈамтӑш (ŋamtăš)

Tundra Nenets: ӈамдӑсь (ŋamdăsʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *omtə- (“to sit down”), *āmtə- (“to sit”)

Northern Selkup: омтыӄо (omtyqo), ө̄мтыӄо (å̄mtyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: омдэгу́ (omdegú), āмдэгу (āmdegu)

Upper Ob: обдэгу (obdegu), эабдэгу (eabdegu)

Kamassian: амнәзьәт (amnəźət)

Koibal: амна- (amna-)

Mator: амдә- (amdə-)


aŋkɜ-

Enets:

Forest Enets: нагичь (nagič')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: няӈкэˮԓьш (nyaŋkeqłʹš)

Tundra Nenets: няӈгэрць (nyaŋgercʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *āŋkə-

Northern Selkup: ө̄ӈкыӄо (å̄ŋkyqo)


əm-

Nganasan: ӈәмса (ŋəmsa)

Enets:

Forest Enets: одь (od', ɔd')

Tundra Enets: оде (odje, ɔdje)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: ӈамш (ŋamš)

Tundra Nenets: ӈӑмзь (ŋămzʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *am-

Northern Selkup: амӄо (amqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: амгу́ (amgú)

Upper Ob: амгу (amgu)

Kamassian: амзьәт (amźət)

Koibal: ам- (am-)

Uncertain. Has been compared with Proto-Uralic *ime- (“to suck”), but the Nganasan and Nenets data point to a back vocalic *ǝ̑ instead of the expected front vocalic *ə̈.


əmor-

Nganasan: ӈәмурса (ŋəmursa)

Enets:

Forest Enets: оочь (ooč')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: ӈамоԓьш (ŋamołʹš)

Tundra Nenets: ӈӑворць (ŋăworcʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *amər-

Northern Selkup: амырӄо (amyrqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: авэргу́ (awergú)

Upper Ob: аургу (aurgu), ауаргу (auargu)

Kamassian: аморзьәт (amorźət)

Mator: омор- (omor-)


əptɜ-

Enets:

Forest Enets: отэчь (oteč', ɔteč')

Tundra Enets: оптэче (opteče, ɔpteče)

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: ӈабтесь (ŋabtyesʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *aptə-

Northern Selkup: аптыӄо (aptyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: апті́гу, аптэгу́ (aptegú)

Koibal: обдо- (obdo-)


ətɜ-

Nganasan: ӈәтәдя (ŋətədja)

Enets:

Forest Enets: озиҫь (oziš', ɔziš')

Tundra Enets: озише (oziše, ɔziše)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: ӈычаш (ŋićaš)

Tundra Nenets: ӈадя̆сь (ŋadyăsʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *atə-

Northern Selkup: атыӄо (atyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: адэгу́ (adegú)

Upper Ob: атугу (atugu)

Kamassian: әдзьәт (ədźət)

Mator: адә- (adə-)


ətɜm-

Nganasan: ӈәтумсы (ŋətumsɨ)

Enets:

Forest Enets: озидь (ozid', ɔzid')

Tundra Enets: озиде (ozidje, ɔzidje)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: ӈычимш (ŋićyimš)

Tundra Nenets: ӈадимзь (ŋadyimzʹ°)

Koibal: идим- (idim-)

Mator: адәм- (adəm-)


åəj-

Nganasan: ӈуоˮ (ŋuoʔ)(imperative)

Enets:

Forest Enets: эҫь (eš', ɛš')

Tundra Enets: аше (aše)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: ӈӭш (ŋäš)

Tundra Nenets: ӈэсь (ŋesʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *ē-

Northern Selkup: э̄ӄо (ēqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: э̄гу (ēgu)

Upper Ob: йегу (jjegu)

⇒ Kamassian: игезьәт (igeźət)

Koibal: и- (i-)

Mator: ӓй- (äj-)

Likely from Proto-Uralic *wole-. The loss of initial *w- is unexpected, but a similar development is also seen in *ü- (“to drag, pull”) (← Proto-Uralic *wixe-) and possibly *i- (“to take”) (? ← Proto-Uralic *wexe-).


ïtå-

Nganasan: ӈиз̌итәсы (ŋiðitəsɨ)

Enets:

Forest Enets: изаҫь (izaš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: ӈытыш (ŋitiš)

Tundra Nenets: ӈыдась (ŋidasʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *ī̮tə-

Northern Selkup: ы̄тыӄо (ȳtyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: эдэгу́ (edegú), эдэмгу́ (edemgú)

Upper Ob: итэгу (itegu)

Kamassian: едзьəт (edźət)

Koibal: ад- (ad-)

Mator: идə- (idə-)


ïtö-

Nganasan: ӈүз̌иаса (ŋüðiasa), ӈүз̌үаса (ŋüðüasa)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: ӈычош (ŋićoš)

Tundra Nenets: ӈыдёсь (ŋidyosʹ°)

Kamassian: едӱзьəт (edüźət)


ëso-

Enets:

⇒ Forest Enets: уса (usa, “village”)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: ӈысуш (ŋisuš)

Tundra Nenets: ӈэ̇сось (ŋėsosʹ°)

From Proto-Uralic *ëśew-, the passive of *ëśe-.


anå-

⇒ Nganasan: ӈануз̌у (ŋanuðu, “noticeable”)

Enets:

Forest Enets: ԑназдаҫь (ɛnazdaš')

Nenets:

⇒ Forest Nenets: ненату (nyenatu, “noticeable”)

⇒ Tundra Nenets: ненадо (nyenado, “noticeable”)

Proto-Selkup: *ānəlčə-

Northern Selkup: ө̄нылтыӄо (å̄nyltyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: а̄налҗэгу (ānalǯegu, “to soil, tarnish”)

Upper Ob: эалдэгу (ealdegu)

>? Kamassian: андой (andoj, “known, familiar; respected”)


jilə-

Nganasan: дилəди (djilədji)

Enets:

Forest Enets: дируҫь (djiruš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: деԓаш (dyełaš)

Tundra Nenets: илӑсь (yilăsʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *īlə-

Northern Selkup: ӣлыӄо

Southern Selkup:

Upper Ob: йилэгу (jilegu)

Kamassian: джилдәзьәт (ʒ́ildəźət)

Uncertain. Has been compared with Proto-Uralic *älɜ-, but the vowel does not correspond.


cəncå-

Enets:

Forest Enets: тодаҫь (todaš', “to climb”), тодычь (todič', “to creep, crawl”)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: тӑнāш (tănāš)

Tundra Nenets: тӑнась (tănasʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *čančə- (“to go out, emerge”)

Northern Selkup: тантыӄо (tantyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: ҷангу́, ҷанҗэгу́

Upper Ob: таджэгу (tadžegu)

Kamassian: тханәрзьәт (tʰanərźət, “to creep, crawl”)


cåncə-

Enets:

Forest Enets: тадучь (taduč')

Tundra Enets: тадоче (tadoče)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: танӑш (tanăš)

Tundra Nenets: тāнӑсь (tānăsʹ°)

Kamassian: тхонзьәт (tʰonźət), тхонозьәт (tʰonoźət)

Koibal: тон- (ton-)

Mator: тандәл- (tandəl-)

From Proto-Uralic *čačɜ-, *čančɜ- (“to go, stride”). Compare Northern Khanty шушты (šušty, “to walk, step”), Northern Mansi сусуӈкве (susuňkve, “to wade”)


cinɜ-

Nganasan: чинүдя (činüdja), чинүрся (činürsja)

Enets:

Forest Enets: чинудь (činud')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: чидипёш (ćyidyipyoš)

Tundra Nenets: тюнесь (tyunyesʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *či̮nə-

Northern Selkup: тыналӄо (tynalqo)

Southern Selkup:

Ket: чинэ́гу (činégu)

Kamassian: тхинәрзьәт (tʰinərźət)

Uncertain. Perhaps related to Proto-Finno-Permic *čiwnɜ (“smell, stench”), whence Moksha шине (šine), Northern Sami tsiuna.


ëməl-

Proto-Selkup: *e̮məlčə-

Northern Selkup: әмылтыӄо (əmyltyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: аулҗэгу́ (aulǯegú), аулҗэмбэгу́ (aulǯembegú)

Upper Ob: ауолджэгу (auoldžegu)

Kamassian: нӧмәлзьәт (nöməlźət)

Koibal: нумил- (numil-)

Mator: эмәлдә- (e̮məldə-)


ëtå-

Nganasan: ӈатәдя (ŋatədja)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: ӈэташ (ŋetaš)

Proto-Selkup: *e̮tə-

Northern Selkup: әтыӄо (ətyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Upper Ob: едэгу (jedegu)

Kamassian: едәʼзьәт (edəʔźət)


ńim-

Nganasan: нимибтіси (njimibtisi)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: нимяпёш (nyimyapyoš)

Tundra Nenets: нимнесь (nyimnyesʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *ńim-

Northern Selkup: нимӄо (nimqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: невэргу́ (njewergú)

Upper Ob: немгу (njemgu)

Kamassian: ньимерзьәт (ńimerźət)

Koibal: ньемер- (ńemer-)

Mator: ньӱмнә- (ńümnə-), нӱмнә- (nümnə-)

From Proto-Uralic *ime-, with prothetic *ń-. Compare a parallel development in Proto-Samic *ńëmëtēk.

ńimsä

breast, teat; milk; likely inherited directly from Proto-Uralic


jalɜm-

Nganasan: дяламса (djalamsa)

Enets:

Forest Enets: деридь (djerid')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: дяԓымташ (dyałimtaš)

Tundra Nenets: ялэмзь (yalemzʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *ťēləmpə-

desc

Northern Selkup: че̄лымпыӄо (ćjēlympyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: че́лымбэгу (čjélymbegu), че́лэмбэгу (čjélembegu)

Upper Ob: теелббэгу (tjejelbbegu), тиэлббэгу (tielbbegu)

Kamassian: джаләмзьәт (ʒ́aləmźət)


jom-

⇒ Nganasan: дюм (djum, “snow”)

Nenets:

⇒ Tundra Nenets: ёмзяʼ (yomzyah, “soft snow”)

Proto-Selkup: *ťom-

Northern Selkup: чомӄо (ćomqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: чове́шпэгу (čowjéšpegu)

Upper Ob: тёмнэгу (tjomnegu)


jimɜt-

Enets:

Forest Enets: дитэҫь (djiteš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: димчеш (dyimćyeš)

Tundra Nenets: ивтесь (yiwtyesʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *ťimət-

Northern Selkup: чімытӄо

Southern Selkup:

Narym: чевэтку́ (čjewetkú), чивытку́ (čiwytkú)

Upper Ob: тёутку (tjoutku)

Kamassian: нәмезьәт (nəmeźət)


jəcå-

Nganasan: дитудя (djitudja) (← *jicå-)

Enets:

Forest Enets: дёзуҫь (djozuš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: дя̆та̄ш (dyătāš)

Tundra Nenets: я̆дась (yădasʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *ťačə-

Northern Selkup: чаттыӄо (ćattyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: ҷаҷэгу́, ҷаҷыгу́

Upper Ob: тяжэгу (tjažegu)

Kamassian: джидзьәт (ʒ́idźət) (← *jicə-)

Koibal: джид- (ǯid-) (← *jicə-)

Mator: чидә- (čidə-) (← *jicə-)


jəptə-

Nganasan: дебтудя (djebtudja)

Proto-Selkup: *ťaptər-

Northern Selkup: чаптӓрӄо

Southern Selkup:

Narym: ча̄птэргу (čāptergu)

From Proto-Uralic *jupta-. Compare Finnish juttu, Erzya ёвтамс (jovtams).


jəptə-

Nganasan: дебтәдя (djebtədja)

Enets:

>? Forest Enets: детобиҫь (djetobiš')

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: я̆бтӑсь (yăbtăsʹ°)


jårə-

Nganasan: дөрәдя (dörədja)

Enets:

Forest Enets: дяраҫь (djaraš')

Tundra Enets: дяруше (djaruše)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: дяԓш (dyałš)

Tundra Nenets: ярць (yarcʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *ťūrə-

Northern Selkup: чӯрыӄо

Southern Selkup:

Narym: чу́ргу (čúrgu), чу́рэгу (čúregu)

Upper Ob: тюрэгу (tjuregu)

Kamassian: джорзьәт (ʒ́orźət)

Koibal: джор- (ǯor-)

Mator: чарә- (čarə-)


jåtə-

Enets:

Forest Enets: дязаҫь (djazaš')

Tundra Enets: дязоше (djazoše)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: дя̄таш (dyātaš)

Tundra Nenets: ядӑсь (yadăsʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *ťwe̮tə-

Northern Selkup: чә̄тыӄо

Southern Selkup:

Narym: чвэ́дэгу (čwédegu), чвэ́дэшпэгу (čwédešpegu)

Upper Ob: кiедэлджэгу (kijedeldžegu)

Mator: чадә- (čadə-)


jåtəjr-

Nganasan: дөз̌урся (döðursja)

Enets:

Forest Enets: дязучь (djazuč')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: дятӭԓьш (dyatäłʹš)

Tundra Nenets: ядэрць (yadercʹ°)

Mator: чадәр- (čadər-)


jacə-

Nganasan: дяˮса (djaʔsa)

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: ядӑсь (yadăsʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *ťāčə-

Southern Selkup:

Upper Ob: тяажэгу (tjaažegu)


jaŋkɜ-

Nganasan: дяӈку (djaŋku, “no”)

Enets:

Forest Enets: дягуҫь (djaguš')

Tundra Enets: дигуше (djiguše)

Nenets:

>? Forest Nenets: дя̄ӈкӑш (dyāŋkăš, “to shake off”)

Tundra Nenets: я̆ӈгось (yăŋgosʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *ťāŋkwə-

Northern Selkup: чӓ̄ӈкыӄо (ćǟŋkyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: чáӈгугу (čáŋgugu)

>? Kamassian: нага (naga, “no”)

>? Koibal: нага (naga, “no”)

Mator: ньӓӈгӱх (ńäŋgüh)

Mator: ньӓӈгӱх (ńäŋgüh), нӓӈгӱх (näŋgüh, “there is not”)


japsə-

Enets:

Forest Enets: дясиҫь (djasiš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: дявсаш (dyawsaš)

Tundra Nenets: ябцӑсь (yabcăsʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *ťāpsə- (“to skewer”)

Northern Selkup: чө̄псыттыӄо (ćå̄psyttyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: ча́бэлҗэгу (čábelǯegu)

Upper Ob: тяпсэгу (tjapsegu)

Kamassian: джапсәзьәт (ʒ́apsəźət)

Koibal: джапси- (ǯapsi-)

Mator: *сӓбсә- (*säbsə-) (in апсәсапсәям ‘I fry, roast’, a set phrase with *апсә ‘meat’ [= амса (amsa)])


jäkəl-

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: ехэ̆лць (yexĕlcʹ°, “to kick”)

Proto-Selkup: *ťēqəl-

Northern Selkup: чіӄыльӄо

Southern Selkup:

Upper Ob: тегалгу (tjegalgu)

Mator: чигил- (čigil-)


jämńə-

Nganasan: демниди (djemnjidji)

Enets:

⇒ Forest Enets: дениз (djeniz, “patch”)

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: емнясь (yemnyasʹ°)

Kamassian: немнәзьәт (nemnəźət)


jämpət-

Nganasan: дембиˮси (djembiʔsi)

Enets:

Forest Enets: дебичь (djebič')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: демьпяʼш (dyemʹpyahš)

Tundra Nenets: ембӑць (yembăcʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *ťāmpət-

Southern Selkup:

Narym: чамбытпэгу́ (čambytpegú)


jätpə-

Enets:

⇒ Forest Enets: депи (djepi, “heat”)

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: епӑсь (yepăsʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *ťāppə- (“to burn”)

Northern Selkup: чө̄пыӄо (ćå̄pyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Tym: ча̄бгу (čābgu)

⇒ Kamassian: джибәге (ʒ́ibəge, “hot”)

⇒ Mator: чӧбӱкӓ (čöbükä, “hot”)


jikkå-

Nganasan: дюкүдя (djuküdja)

Enets:

Forest Enets: дикаҫь (djikaš')

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: екась (yekasʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *ťikkə-

Southern Selkup:

Narym: чикэгу́ (čikegú)

Upper Ob: теккэгу (tjekkegu)

Kamassian: джиккәзьәт (ʒ́ikkəźət)

Mator: чикә- (čikə-)


jok-

Nganasan: дюса (djusa)

Enets:

Forest Enets: дёчь (djoč')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: дё̄ˮш (dyōqš)

Tundra Nenets: ёць (yocʹ°)

Mator: чок- (čok-)

Uncertain. Perhaps related to Proto-Turkic *yōk (“there is not; no”).


joko-

Nganasan: дюгуса (djugusa)

Enets:

Forest Enets: дёхуҫь (djohuš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: дёхош (dyoxoš)

Tundra Nenets: ёхось (yoxosʹ°)

(intransitive) to get lost, lose one's way


jutå-

Nganasan: дютүдя (djutüdja)

Enets:

Forest Enets: дюзаҫь (djuzaš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: дюташ (dyutaš)

Tundra Nenets: юдась (yudasʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *ťūtə-

Northern Selkup: чутыӄо (ćutyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Tym: чудэгу (čudegu)

Ket: тюттэгу (tjuttegu)

Mator: чудә- (čudə-)


juə-

Nganasan: дюаса (djuasa)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: дюш (dyuš)

⇒ Tundra Nenets: ю (yu, “dam, weir”)

Proto-Selkup: *ťū-

Northern Selkup: чӯӄо

Southern Selkup:

Narym: чу́гу (čúgu)

Upper Ob: тюугу (tjuugu)

⇒ Mator: чуй (čuj, “dam, weir”)


jujtə-

Nganasan: дючиди (djučidji)

Enets:

Forest Enets: дюзичь (djuzič')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: дютыш (dyutiš)

Tundra Nenets: юдэсь (yudesʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *kǖtə- (= ? *ťǖtə-)

Southern Selkup:

Ket: кӱдыргу (küdyrgu)

Kamassian: джӧдәрзьәт (ʒ́ödərźət)

Kamassian: джӧдәрзьәт (ʒ́ödərźət)

Koibal: джӱдр- (ǯüdr-)


jüntə-

Nganasan: диндіси (djindisi)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: дюньԓеш (dyunʹłyeš)

Tundra Nenets: юнрась (yunrasʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *üntə-

Northern Selkup: ÿнтыӄо (ÿntyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: ӱндэгу́ (ündegú)

Upper Ob: іддэдегу

Kamassian: нӱнзьәт (nünźət)

Koibal: нӱн- (nün-)

Mator: ньӱндә- (ńündə-), нӱндә- (nündə-)


jüŋkä-

Enets:

Forest Enets: дюсреҫь (djusreš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: дюньшиԓеш (dyunʹšyiłyeš)

Tundra Nenets: юнсумзь (yunsumzʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *üŋkəlčə-

Northern Selkup: ӱӈкылыӄо (üŋkylyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: ӱнголҗэгу́ (üngolǯegú), ӱнгэлҗэгу́ (üngelǯegú)


jürə-

Enets:

Forest Enets: дюруҫь (djuruš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: дюԓыпёш (dyułipyoš)

Tundra Nenets: юрӑсь (yurăsʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *ürə-

Northern Selkup: ӱрыӄо (üryqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: ӱрыгу́ (ürygú), ӱрэмбыгу́ (ürembygú)

Upper Ob: ііругу

Kamassian: джӱрзьәт (ʒ́ürźət)

Koibal: джӱр- (ǯür-)

Likely from Proto-Uralic *jure- (“to go around, spin”), although the change in vowel quality is unexpected.


låkom-

Enets:

Forest Enets: лаходь (lahod')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: ԓохомш (łoxomš)

Tundra Nenets: лохомзь (loxomzʹ°)

Mator: логом- (logom-)


låkomtå-

Enets:

Forest Enets: лаходаҫь (lahodaš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: ԓохомташ (łoxomtaš)

Tundra Nenets: лохомдась (loxomdasʹ°)

Mator: логомдә- (logomdə-)


lërə-

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: ԓыԓёш (łiłyoš)

Tundra Nenets: лэрёсь (leryosʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *le̮rə-

Northern Selkup: ләрычыӄо (ləryćyqo), (?) ныркыӄо (nyrkyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: ларымбэгу́ (larymbegú), ларымбыгу́ (larymbygú), ларэмбэгу́ (larembegú)

Upper Ob: лэругу (lerugu), (?) нэрттэгу (nerttegu)

Kamassian: нерезьәт (nereźət)

Mator: *нэр- (*ne̮r-) (in оргонаргом (orgonargom, “I am scared”), with орго (orgo, “big”))


lëttɜ-

Enets:

desc

⇒ Forest Enets: лытбераҫь (litberaš', “to store, keep; to guard”)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: ԓэтԓёш (łetłyoš, “to be ready, prepared”)

Tundra Nenets: лэтёсь (letyosʹ°, “to be ready, prepared”)

Proto-Selkup: *le̮ttə- (“to endure; to guide, lead”)

Northern Selkup: ләттыӄо (ləttyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Upper Ob: лэттэгу (lettegu)


lätkå-

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: ԓяˮкаш (łyaqkaš)

Tundra Nenets: лекась (lyekasʹ°)

Enets:

Forest Enets: лԑктаҫь (lɛktaš')

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: лекабтась (lyekabtasʹ°)

Mator: лӓгӓбтә- (lägäbtə-)


nimtä-

Nganasan: нимтіди (njimtidji)

Enets:

Forest Enets: нидаҫь (njidaš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: нимчеш (nyimćyeš)

Tundra Nenets: нюмдесь (nyumdyesʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *nimtə-

Northern Selkup: німтыӄо

Southern Selkup:

Ket: нимдыгу (nimdygu), нымдыгу (nymdygu)


nåj-

Enets:

Forest Enets: нԑтэҫь (nɛteš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: нӭш (näš)

Tundra Nenets: нэсь (nesʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *nǖ-

Northern Selkup: нӱ̄ӄо (nǖqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: нӧ́гу (nö́gu)

Upper Ob: нюгу (njugu)

>? Mator: ной- (noj-, “to undress”)

Possibly from Proto-Uralic *nᴕje-. Compare Hungarian nyit.


nət-

Enets:

Forest Enets: нозудь (nozud')

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: нӑць (năcʹ°, “to scrape off (a hide)”)

Proto-Selkup: *nat-

Northern Selkup: натӄо (natqo), натӄылӄо (natqylqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: наткылгу́ (natkylgú), наткэлбэгу́ (natkelbegú)

Upper Ob: натку (natku), натгэлгу (natgelgu)

Kamassian: наʼзьәт (naʔźət)


nåtmɜ-

Nganasan: номәдя (nomədja)

Enets:

Forest Enets: нааҫь (naaš')

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: наˮмась (naqmasʹ°)

Kamassian: наʼмзьәт (naʔmźət)

Mator: наʼмә- (naʔmə-)


näkkəl-

Nganasan: някәләсы (njakələsɨ, “to take away”)

Enets:

>? Forest Enets: нёхроҫь (njohroš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: нэˮкаԓьш (neqkałʹš)

Tundra Nenets: нэ̇кӑлць (nėkălcʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *nǟqqəl-

Northern Selkup: нӓӄӄылӄо (näqqylqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: наӄӄэлгу́ (naqqelgú), някылгу́ (njakylgú)

Mator: екәл- (ekəl-), икәл- (ikəl-)


nïc-

Enets:

Forest Enets: нызучь (nizuč')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: нытаˮш (nitaqš)

Tundra Nenets: ныдӑць (nidăcʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *ni̮č-

Northern Selkup: нытаӄо (nytaqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: нежа́ргу (nježárgu)


nïckəl-

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: ныˮкаԓьш (niqkałʹš)

Tundra Nenets: ныкӑлць (nikălcʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *ni̮čqəl-

Northern Selkup: нытӄылӄо (nytqylqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: нишкэлгу́ (niškelgú), нышӄэлгу́ (nyšqelgú)


nultå-

Enets:

>? Forest Enets: нэртаҫь (nertaš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: нуԓташ (nułtaš)

Tundra Nenets: нултась (nultasʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *ni̮ltə-

Northern Selkup: нылтыӄо (nyltyqo)

Kamassian: нулдәзьәт (nuldəźət, “to set up, establish”)


ńaŋə-

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: няӈаʼш (nyaŋahš)

Tundra Nenets: ня̄ць (nyācʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *ńaŋəťə (“naked”)

Northern Selkup: няӈыча (njaŋyća)

From Proto-Uralic *aŋa- (“to open, take off”), with prothetic *ń-.


ńar-

Enets:

desc

>? Forest Enets: нарай (naraj, “copper”)

Nenets:

>? Forest Nenets: няԓама (nyałama), няԓамай (nyałamay, “copper”)

Tundra Nenets: няръясь (nyarʺyasʹ°)

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: нярм (nyarm°, “redness”)

Mator: ньӓрмә- (ńärmə-), нӓрмә- (närmə-)


ńänsə-

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: ненсаш (nyensaš)

Tundra Nenets: нензӑмбӑсь (nyenzămbăsʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *ńešə-

Northern Selkup: нешшалӄо (nješšalqo)

Kamassian: нанзәзьәт (nanzəźət, “to fall”), нанзә (nanzə, “snake”)

Koibal: нанзи (nanzi, “snake”)


ńänsər-

Nganasan: неньдирмиси (njenʹdjirmisi)

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: нензӑрць (nyenzărcʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *ńešər-

Northern Selkup: нешырӄо (nješyrqo)

нанзәрдәзьәт

Kamassian: нанзәрдәзьәт (nanzərdəźət, “to step; to glide”)


ńïŋkə-

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: ниӈкпёш (nyiŋkpyoš)

Tundra Nenets: ниӈгбась (nyiŋgbasʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *ńiŋkə-

Northern Selkup: ниӈкыӄо (niŋkyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: ниӈгыгу́ (niŋgygú), ниӈгэгу́ (niŋgegú)

Kamassian: ниӈгәзьәт (niŋgəźət)

Koibal: ниӈги- (niŋgi-)

Mator: ньиӈгә- (ńiŋgə-), ниӈгә- (niŋgə-)


ńo-

Enets:

>? Forest Enets: нооҫь (nooš', “to catch, seize”)

>? Tundra Enets: ноʼоше (noʔoše, nɔʔɔše, “to catch, seize”)

Proto-Selkup: *ńō-

Northern Selkup: нё̄ӄо (njōqo)

Southern Selkup:

Upper Ob: нёгу (njogu)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: нюԓаˮкуш (nyułaqkuš)

Tundra Nenets: нёракуць (nyorakucʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *ńōrə-

Southern Selkup:

Narym: нӧ́ргу (nö́rgu)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: нёташ (nyotaš)

Tundra Nenets: нёдась (nyodasʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *ńōtə-

Northern Selkup: нё̄тыӄо (njōtyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: нӧ́дыгу (nö́dygu), нӧ́дэгу (nö́degu)

Mator: ньодә- (ńodə-), нодә- (nodə-)

From Proto-Uralic *ńoxe-. Compare Proto-Finnic *noutadak (“to trace, track (follow tracks); to obey”).


måsə-

Enets:

Forest Enets: масуҫь (masuš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: масаш (masaš)

Tundra Nenets: масӑсь (masăsʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *musə-

Northern Selkup: мусылтыӄо (musyltyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: мӯлҗэгу (mūlǯegu)

Upper Ob: мізэгу (müzegu)

Kamassian: буззьәт (buzźət)

Koibal: биз- (biz-)

Mator: масә- (masə-)


mån-

Enets:

Forest Enets: мадь (mad')

Tundra Enets: маде (madje)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: маньш (manʹš)

Tundra Nenets: манзь (manzʹ°)

>? Proto-Selkup: *mōn-

Northern Selkup: момпа (mompa), монты (monty, “apparently”)

Kamassian: мазьәт (maźət)


mərə-

Nganasan: мәруса (mərusa)

Enets:

Forest Enets: мореэҫь (moreeš')

Nenets:

⇒ Forest Nenets: мӑԓташ (măłtaš)

⇒ Tundra Nenets: мӑрдась (mărdasʹ°)

>? Proto-Selkup: *mōr-

>? Northern Selkup: мо̄ры (mōry, “end”)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: море́лгу (morjélgu)

Upper Ob: мооргу (moorgu)

Kamassian: *бәр- (*bər-) (in бәруджабльам (bəruʒ́abĺam, “I break”))


mənsə-

Enets:

desc

Forest Enets: мосраҫь (mosraš', mɔsraš', “to work”)

Tundra Enets: модераше (modjeraše, mɔdjeraše, “to work”)

Nenets:

мансаптампёш

Forest Nenets: мансаптампёш (mansaptampyoš)

Tundra Nenets: мӑнзӑсь (mănzăsʹ°)

Mator: минджәр- (minǯər-)

Uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-Uralic *mᴕńće-, whence Hungarian mozog.


më-

Enets:

Forest Enets: муҫь (muš')

Tundra Enets: муше (muše)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: мэ̄ш (mēš)

Tundra Nenets: мэ̇сь (mėsʹ°)

Kamassian: мозьәт (moźət)

Mator: мэ- (me̮-)

Uncertain. Possibly related to *më (“what”).


məcå-

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: мӑташ (mătaš)

Tundra Nenets: мадась (madasʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *mačə-

Northern Selkup: ма̄тыӄо (mātyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: мажэгу́ (mažegú), маҗэгу́ (maǯegú)

Koibal: бод- (bod-)


məctå-

Nganasan: мәтудя (mətudja)

Enets:

Forest Enets: мотаҫь (motaš', mɔtaš')

Tundra Enets: моташе (motaše, mɔtaše)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: мӑʼтоԓьш (măhtołʹš)

Tundra Nenets: мӑторць (mătorcʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *mačtə-

Northern Selkup: маттыӄо (mattyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Upper Ob: машэку (mašeku)

Kamassian: бәтзьәт (bətźət)

⇒ Mator: батәрма (batərma, “piece”)


məlɜ-

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: маԓяш (małyaš)

Tundra Nenets: мӑля̆сь (mălyăsʹ°)

>? Proto-Selkup: *mala- (“to bite”)

Northern Selkup: малаӄо (malaqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: мала́лгу (malálgu)

Upper Ob: малалгу (malalgu)

Kamassian: булзьәт (bulźət), булдәзьәт (buldəźət)

Koibal: била- (bila-), билди- (bildi-)

⇒ Mator: билӓбтә- (biläbtə-)


məncɜ-

Enets:

Forest Enets: модээҫь (modeeš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: манӭˮш (manäqš)

Tundra Nenets: манэць (manecʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *mančə-

Northern Selkup: мантыӄо (mantyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: манҗэ́җегу (manǯéǯjegu), манҗэ́җигу (manǯéǯigu)

Upper Ob: мадж (madž, “open space, clearing”)

>? Kamassian: мәндәзьәт (məndəźət) (← *məncə-tå-)


mər-

Nganasan: мәрсы (mərsɨ)

Enets:

Forest Enets: морсичь (morsič')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: мӑԓьш (măłʹš)

Tundra Nenets: мӑрць (mărcʹ°)


mətkå-

Enets:

Forest Enets: мокачиҫь (mokačiš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: маʼкапчош (mahkapćoš)

Tundra Nenets: мӑкась (măkasʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *matkə-

Northern Selkup: матӄымпыӄо (matqympyqo)


mancə-

⇒ Nganasan: мандібтүся (mandibtüsja)

Proto-Selkup: *mānčə-

Northern Selkup: мө̄нтыӄо (må̄ntyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Upper Ob: моаджэгу (moadžegu)

Kamassian: манзьәт (manźət)


måtə-

Enets:

Forest Enets: мазудь (mazud')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: ма̄таԓьш (mātałʹš)

Tundra Nenets: мадӑрць (madărcʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *mūtə-

Northern Selkup: мӯтыӄо

Southern Selkup:

Narym: му́дэгу (múdegu)

Upper Ob: муудэгу (muudegu)

Kamassian: моʼдзьәт (moʔdźət)

Koibal: мод- (mod-)

Mator: мадә- (madə-)


mäntɜ-

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: менець (myenyecʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *mentə-

Northern Selkup: мэнтыӄо (mentyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: мӓндэгу́ (m’andegú), мендэгу́ (mjendegú), мяндэгу́ (mjandegú)

Upper Ob: меддэгу (mjeddegu)

Kamassian: менәрзьәт (menərźət)

Mator: миндә- (mində-)


märkɜ-

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: мерця̆мзь (myercyămzʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *merkə-

Northern Selkup: меркыӄо (mjerkyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: мярге́гу (mjargjégu)

Upper Ob: мергэгу (mjergegu)

Kamassian: бержәмзьәт (beržəmźət)


mïnɜ-

Nganasan: мүнүдя (münüdja)

Proto-Selkup: *mi̮n-

Northern Selkup: мыныӄо (mynyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: муныгу́ (munygú), му́нэгу (múnegu)

Upper Ob: мэнэгу (menegu)

Kamassian: мӱнзьәт (münźət), мӱнӱʼзьәт (münüʔźət)

Koibal: мӱнӱб- (münüb-)

Uncertain. Resembles Proto-Uralic *minɜ-, but the vowel correspondence is irregular.


munsə-

Nganasan: муньдеса (munʹdjesa)

Proto-Selkup: *mušə-

Northern Selkup: мушыӄо (mušyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: мужэгу́ (mužegú)

Kamassian: мәнзәзьәт (mənzəźət)

Koibal: минзи- (minzi-)


wəjå-

Nganasan: бәуса (bəusa)

Kamassian: бейзьәт (bejźət)

Koibal: бей- (bej-)

Mator: бай- (baj-)

⇒ Nganasan: бәурәму (bəurəmu, “crossing point”)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: вайԓаш (wayłaš)

Tundra Nenets: вӑерӑсь (wăyerăsʹ°)


wərå-

Nganasan: бәрудя (bərudja)

Enets:

Forest Enets: борагуҫь (boraguš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: ваԓанаш (wałanaš)

Tundra Nenets: вӑрась (wărasʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *qor- (“adze”)

Northern Selkup: ӄорсан (qorsan), ӄоршан (qoršan)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: ӄорха́т (qorxát)

Upper Ob: куорза (kuorza)

Mator: барәр- (barər-)


wåə-

Nganasan: буодя (buodja)

Enets:

⇒ Forest Enets: батучь (batuč')

Nenets:

⇒ Forest Nenets: вахаԓьш (waxałʹš)

Tundra Nenets: вась (wasʹ°)


wåləjm-

Enets:

Forest Enets: барудь (barud')

Mator: бӓлим- (bälim-)


wåncɜ-

Proto-Selkup: *kwe̮nčə-

Northern Selkup: кәнталӄо (kəntalqo)

Southern Selkup:

Vasyugan: ӄвынҗыгу (qwynǯygu)

Kamassian: манәʼзьәт (manəʔźət)

Koibal: манаб- (manab-)

Mator: мандәл- (mandəl-)


wåptå-

Nganasan: бәбтудя (bəbtudja)

Enets:

Forest Enets: батаҫь (bataš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: ва̄пта̄ш (wāptāš)

Tundra Nenets: вабтась (wabtasʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *koptə-, *koptərə- (“to sink”)

Northern Selkup: ӄоптыӄо (qoptyqo), ӄоптырыӄо (qoptyryqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: ко́птэргу (kóptergu)

Kamassian: баʼбдәзьәт (baʔbdəźət)

Mator: бахтә- (bahtə-)


wåtå-

Nganasan: бәтудя (bətudja)

Enets:

Forest Enets: базегуҫь (bazeguš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: вата̄ш (watāš)

Tundra Nenets: вадась (wadasʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *kwe̮tə-

Northern Selkup: кә̄тыӄо

Southern Selkup:

Upper Ob: куэдэгу (kuedegu)

Kamassian: будзьәт (budźət)

Koibal: бид- (bid-)

Mator: бадә- (badə-)

Uncertain. Possibly an early borrowing from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hwakš-.


wäŋ-

Enets:

⇒ Forest Enets: беды (bedi, “current”)

Nenets:

⇒ Forest Nenets: вент (wyent, “current”)

⇒ Tundra Nenets: ендˮ (yend, “current”)

Proto-Selkup: *kǖŋ-

кӱӈылтымпыӄо

Northern Selkup: кӱӈылтымпыӄо (küŋyltympyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Ket: кӱӈгу (küŋgu)

Kamassian: мьаӈзьәт (ḿaŋźət)

Koibal: мьаӈ- (ḿaŋ-)


wï-

Enets:

Forest Enets: буйсаҫь (bujsaš'), буйрагуҫь (bujraguš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: выдяԓьш (widyałʹš)

Tundra Nenets: выярць (wiyarcʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *kī̮-

Northern Selkup: кынтыӄо (kyntyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Upper Ob: кыгу (kygu)

>? Mator: муйубтә (mujubtə-)


wetɜ-

Nganasan: бытыди (bɨtɨdji)

Enets:

⇒ Forest Enets: бизилтаҫь (biziltaš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: вичеш (wyićyeš)

Tundra Nenets: ӣдесь (yīdyesʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *ütə-

Northern Selkup: ӱтыӄо (ütyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: ӱдэгу́ (üdegú)

Upper Ob: ітку (ütku)

Kamassian: бәтзьәт (bətźət), бӱтзьәт (bütźət)

Koibal: бит- (bit-), бӱт- (büt-)

⇒ Mator: бӱдӱнджӱх- (büdünǯüh-, “to thirst”)


wetɜr-

Nganasan: быз̌ырсы (bɨðɨrsɨ)

Enets:

Forest Enets: бизичь (bizič')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: вичаԓьш (wyićałʹš)

Tundra Nenets: идарць (yidarcʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *ütər-

Northern Selkup: ӱтырӄо (ütyrqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: ӱдэргу́ (üdergú)

Upper Ob: іодэргу (üodergu)

Kamassian: бӱдӱрзьәт (büdürźət, “to thirst”)


sårå-

Nganasan: сорудя (sorudja)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: ха̄ԓаш (xāłaš)

Proto-Selkup: *swe̮rə-, *sōrə-

Northern Selkup: сә̄рыӄо

Southern Selkup:

Narym: фэ́ргу (férgu)

Upper Ob: соорогу (soorogu)


såjə-

⇒ Nganasan: соуру (souru, “warrior”)

Enets:

Forest Enets: сайдучь (sajduč')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: хайноԓьш (xaynołʹš)

Tundra Nenets: сайнорць (saynorcʹ°)


səŋə-

Nganasan: сәӈүрся (səŋürsja)

Enets:

⇒ Forest Enets: соо (soo, “sight”)

Tundra Enets: сооше (sooše, sɔɔše)

Nenets:

⇒ Forest Nenets: хаӈо (xaŋo), хаӈу (xaŋu, “gaze; sight”)

⇒ Tundra Nenets: саӈо (saŋo, “gaze; sight”)

>? Proto-Selkup: *saŋa- (“to taste, try”)

Northern Selkup: саӈаӄо (saŋaqo)


səpå-

Nganasan: сәбуˮса (səbuʔsa)

Enets:

Forest Enets: собучь (sobuč')

Nenets:

>? Forest Nenets: хапкаш (xapkaš, “to dig up”)

>? Tundra Nenets: сӑбкась (săbkasʹ°, “to dig up”)

Proto-Selkup: *sapəť-

Northern Selkup: сапышӄо (sapyšqo)

Southern Selkup:

Ket: сабыску (sabysku)

Kamassian: сәбәʼзьәт (səbəʔźət)

Koibal: сабит- (sabit-)


sac-

Proto-Selkup: *sāčə-

Northern Selkup: сө̄тыӄо (så̄tyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: ха̄җэгу (xāǯegu)

Upper Ob: саажгу (saažgu)

>? Kamassian: сада (sada, “beaver”)

>? Koibal: саде (sade, “beaver”)

>? Mator: сӓдӓ (sädä, “beaver”)

Nganasan: сакәләса (sakələsa)

Enets:

Forest Enets: сԑкруҫь (sɛkruš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: шаʼкаԓьш (šahkałʹš)

Tundra Nenets: сякӑлць (syakălcʹ°)


sanə-

Nganasan: санәˮкәса (sanəʔkəsa)

Enets:

Forest Enets: сԑнкучь (sɛnkuč')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: шанаˮкош (šanaqkoš)

Tundra Nenets: сянакось (syanakosʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *sānčər-

Northern Selkup: сө̄нтырӄо (så̄ntyrqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: ха́нҗэргу (xánǯergu)

Upper Ob: сааджэргу (saadžergu)

Koibal: сина- (sina-)


sanəjr-

Nganasan: санірся (sanirsja)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: шанӭԓьш (šanäłʹš, “to run fast; to frolic”)

Tundra Nenets: сянэрць (syanercʹ°, “to hop”)

Mator: сӓнәр- (sänər-)


sarə-

Nganasan: сарәдя (sarədja)

Enets:

Forest Enets: сԑруҫь (sɛruš')

Tundra Enets: сэроше (seroše)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: шаԓаш (šałaš)

Tundra Nenets: сярӑсь (syarăsʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *sārə-

Northern Selkup: сө̄рыӄо (så̄ryqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: харгу́ (xargú)

Upper Ob: саарэгу (saaregu)

Kamassian: сарзьәт (sarźət)

Koibal: сар- (sar-)

Mator: сӓр- (sär-)


såjtə-

Nganasan: сочедя (sočjedja)

Enets:

Forest Enets: созодь (sozod')

Tundra Enets: сазуде (sazudje)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: хӭташ (xätaš)

Tundra Nenets: сэдӑсь (sedăsʹ°)

>? Proto-Selkup: *sǖt-, *šǖt-

Northern Selkup: сӱтӄо (sütqo), шӱтӄо (šütqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: фӧ́тку (fö́tku)

>? Kamassian: шӱʼзьәт (šüʔźət)

>? Koibal: сод- (sod-) [= ? сӧд- (söd-)]

Mator: сӓштә- (säštə-)


såjtor-

Nganasan: сочурәса (sočurəsa)

Enets:

Forest Enets: созочь (sozoč'), созоруҫь (sozoruš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: хайтуԓаш (xaytułaš)

Tundra Nenets: сэдорць (sedorcʹ°), сэдорӑсь (sedorăsʹ°)

>? Proto-Selkup: *sǖtər-, *šǖtər-

Northern Selkup: шӱтырӄо (šütyrqo)

Southern Selkup:

Upper Ob: сіодрэгу (süodregu)

>? Kamassian: шӱдӧрдәзьәт (šüdördəźət)


sålə-

⇒ Nganasan: солә (solə, “brightness”)

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: салъясь (salʺyasʹ°)

Mator: салә- (salə-)

From Proto-Uralic *śala-. Compare Finnish salama (“lightning, bolt”).


såmpə-

Enets:

Forest Enets: сабузичь (sabuzič')

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: самбӑсь (sambăsʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *sompə-, *sūmpə-

Northern Selkup: сомпыӄо (sompyqo), сомпырӄо (sompyrqo), сӯмпыӄо

Southern Selkup:

Narym: хо́мҗэргу (xómǯergu)

Upper Ob: соббэргу (sobbergu)

Kamassian: самозьәт (samoźət)


sëjə-

Nganasan: сыәдя (sɨədja)

Enets:

Forest Enets: сыяҫь (sijaš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: хэдяш (xedyaš)

Tundra Nenets: сэ̇я̆сь (sėyăsʹ°)

Mator: сэйә- (se̮jə-)


sojå-

Enets:

Forest Enets: сояҫь (sojaš')

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: соясь (soyasʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *soťə- (“to grow up”)

Northern Selkup: сочыӄо (soćyqo), со̄чыӄо (sōćyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: хоҗе́шпэгу (xoǯjéšpegu)

Kamassian: сӱйзьәт (süjźət)

Koibal: суй- (suj-)

Mator: сойә- (sojə-)


tənä-

Nganasan: тәнійся (tənijsja)

Enets:

Forest Enets: тонээҫь (toneeš', tɔneeš')

Tundra Enets: тонэаше (toneaše, tɔneaše)

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: тӑнясь (tănyasʹ°)


tåjwɜ-

Nganasan: тойбуса (tojbusa)

Enets:

Forest Enets: тооҫь (tooš', tɔɔš')

Tundra Enets: тааше (taaše)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: тӭваш (täwaš), тайвӑш (taywăš)

Tundra Nenets: тэвӑсь (tewăsʹ°)

>? Proto-Selkup: *toľťə (“ski”)

Northern Selkup: тольчы (toljćy)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: тольҗь (tol’ǯ’)

Upper Ob: толдь (told’)

Kamassian: тхузьәт (tʰuźət)

Mator: тайбә- (tajbə-)

From Proto-Uralic *talwa-. Cognate with Proto-Samic *toalvōtēk.


tumtə-

Nganasan: тумтәдя (tumtədja, “to remember”)

Enets:

Forest Enets: тудуҫь (tuduš')

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: тумдӑсь (tumdăsʹ°)

Kamassian: тхәмнезьәт (tʰəmneźət)

Koibal: тимне- (timne-)

Mator: тумдә- (tumdə-)


toj-

Nganasan: туйся (tujsja)

Enets:

Forest Enets: тоҫь (toš')

Tundra Enets: тоше (toše)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: тош (toš)

Tundra Nenets: тось (tosʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *tǖ-

Northern Selkup: тӱӄо (tüqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: тӧ́гу (tö́gu)

Upper Ob: тіігу (tüügu)

Kamassian: шозьәт (šoźət)

Koibal: со- (so-)

Mator: той- (toj-)


tårɜ-

Nganasan: тораса (torasa)

Enets:

Forest Enets: таручь (taruč')

Tundra Enets: таруче (taruče)

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: тароць (tarocʹ°)

Mator: торо- (toro-)


tətå-

Nganasan: тәтудя (tətudja)

Enets:

Forest Enets: тозаҫь (tozaš')

Tundra Enets: тэзаше (tezaše)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: та̄ш (tāš)

Tundra Nenets: тась (tasʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *tatə-

Northern Selkup: таттыӄо (tattyqo), та̄тыӄо (tātyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: тадыгу́ (tadygú), тадэгу́ (tadegú)

Kamassian: детзьәт (detźət)

Possibly from Proto-Uralic *toxe-, with an irregular reduction of the vowel in most descendants.


cək-

⇒ Nganasan: тәкүоз̌ә (təküoðə, “pile of snow”)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: такаԓьш (takałʹš)

Tundra Nenets: тӑкӑлць (tăkălcʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *čak-, *čaq-

Northern Selkup: таӄалтыӄо (taqaltyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: ҷагэҗэгу́

Upper Ob: такку (takku), тагадэгу (tagadegu)

Mator: так- (tak-, “to bury”)

Uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-Uralic *čukka-. Compare Hungarian csuk (“to shut, close”).


təntå-

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: танаԓаш (tanałaš)

Tundra Nenets: тӑнарась (tănarasʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *tantə-

Northern Selkup: танталтыӄо (tantaltyqo)


tålä-

Nganasan: толыди (tolɨdji)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: таԓеш (tałyeš)

Tundra Nenets: талесь (talyesʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *twe̮lə-

Northern Selkup: тә̄лыӄо

Southern Selkup:

Narym: твэ́лгу (twélgu)

Upper Ob: туолэгу (tuolegu)


tålɜr-

Nganasan: толарса (tolarsa)

Enets:

Forest Enets: таричь (tarič')

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: талэрць (talercʹ°)

Mator: тӓләр- (tälər-)


tuə-

⇒ Nganasan: туобса (tuobsa, “oar”)

Proto-Selkup: *tū-

Northern Selkup: тӯӄо (tūqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: ту́гу (túgu)

Upper Ob: тугу (tugu)

Kamassian: тхуʼзьәт (tʰuʔźət)

Koibal: туʼб- (tuʔb-)


tüt-

Proto-Selkup: *tüt-

Southern Selkup:

Narym: тӧтку́ (tötkú), тӱтку́ (tütkú)

Kamassian: тхӱʼзьәт (tʰüʔźət)

Mator: тӱдәр- (tüdər-)


tələ-

Nganasan: тәләдя (tələdja)

Enets:

Forest Enets: торуҫь (toruš')

Nenets:

⇒ Forest Nenets: таԓташ (tałtaš)

Tundra Nenets: тӑлӑсь (tălăsʹ°)


təmtəl-

Nganasan: тәмтәләсы (təmtələsɨ)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: тамтаԓьш (tamtałʹš)

Tundra Nenets: тӑмдӑлць (tămdălcʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *tamtəl-

Northern Selkup: тамтылӄо (tamtylqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: тамдылгу́ (tamdylgú), тамдэлгу́ (tamdelgú)


təptə-

Nganasan: тәбтәися (təbtəisja)

Enets:

⇒ Forest Enets: тотобиза (totobiza, “narrow, tight”)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: тӑпташ (tăptaš, “to squeeze out”)

Tundra Nenets: тӑбтӑрӑсь (tăbtărăsʹ°)

тхаʼбдәрзьәт

Kamassian: тхаʼбдәрзьәт (tʰaʔbdərźət, “to grasp; to seize”)

Uncertain. Perhaps related in some way to Proto-Finno-Ugric *čupa (“lean, thin”).


tətə-

Nganasan: тәз̌әбтуса (təðəbtusa)

Enets:

Forest Enets: тозгуҫь (tozguš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: тӑтӑш (tătăš)

Tundra Nenets: тӑдӑсь (tădăsʹ°)

Uncertain. Perhaps related to Proto-Turkic *tut- (“to grasp”).


tåpsə-

Enets:

Forest Enets: тачуҫь (tačuš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: тавсаш (tawsaš)

Tundra Nenets: табцӑсь (tabcăsʹ°)

Mator: табсәдә- (tabsədə-)


tänä-

Nganasan: ченыди (čjenɨdji)

Enets:

Forest Enets: тԑнԑҫь (tɛnɛš')

Tundra Enets: тэнэше (teneše)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: чедеш (ćyedyeš)

Tundra Nenets: тенесь (tyenyesʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *tenər-

Northern Selkup: тэнырӄо (tenyrqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: тӓнэрбэгу́ (t’anerbegú)

Upper Ob: тэрбэгу (terbegu)

Kamassian: тхенезьәт (tʰeneźət)

Koibal: тен- (ten-)

Mator: тӓнә- (tänə-), тенә- (tenə-)


tänämä-

⇒ Nganasan: ченымыә (čjenɨmɨə, “familiar; able”)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: чедимяш (ćyedyimyaš), чеймяш (ćyeymyaš)

Tundra Nenets: теневась (tyenyewasʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *tenəmə-

Northern Selkup: тэнымыӄо (tenymyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: тӓну́гу (t’anúgu)

Kamassian: тхенемзьәт (tʰenemźət)

Mator: тӓнәм- (tänəm-), тенәм- (tenəm-)


tätɜ-

Nganasan: чез̌и- (čjeði-)

Enets:

Forest Enets: тԑзуҫь (tɛzuš')

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: тедӑсь (tyedăsʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *tītə-

Northern Selkup: ті̄тыӄо

⇒? Mator: тедибсин (tedibsin, “hook”)


tätsɜ-

Nganasan: чесиси (čjesisi)

Enets:

Forest Enets: тэчиҫь (tečiš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: чешаш (ćyešaš)

Tundra Nenets: теця̆сь (tyecyăsʹ°)

⇒ Proto-Selkup: *täša (“frost”)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: тӓша́ (t’ašá)

⇒ Kamassian: шəшə (šəšə, “coldness”)

⇒? Mator: тӱкӓ (tükä, “frost”)


tëm-

Proto-Selkup: *te̮mə-

Northern Selkup: тәмыӄо (təmyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: тавгу́ (tawgú), тавэгу́ (tawegú), тавыгу́ (tawygú)

Upper Ob: тэугу (teugu)

Nganasan: тамтуодя (tamtuodja)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: тэмташ (temtaš)

Tundra Nenets: тэ̇мдась (tėmdasʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *te̮mtə-

Northern Selkup: тәмтыӄо (təmtyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Upper Ob: тэбдэгу (tebdegu)

Mator: тэмдә- (te̮mdə-)


tëmtɜr-

Nganasan: тамтарса (tamtarsa)

Enets:

Forest Enets: тыдычь (tidič', “to buy”), тыдраҫь (tidraš', “to sell”)

Tundra Enets: тыдараше (tidaraše, “to sell”)

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: тэ̇мдерць (tėmdyercʹ°)

Mator: тэмдәр- (te̮mdər-)


tësə-

Enets:

Forest Enets: тысуҫь (tisuš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: тэсаш (tesaš)

Tundra Nenets: тэ̇сӑсь (tėsăsʹ°)

Mator: тэсә- (te̮sə-)


tiə-

Nganasan: чиилесы (čiiljesɨ)

Enets:

Forest Enets: чериҫь (čeriš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: чиш (ćyiš)

Tundra Nenets: тись (tyisʹ°)

Kamassian: тилезьәт (tileźət)


tij-

Nganasan: чиəди (čiədji)

Enets:

Forest Enets: чиҫь (čiš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: чиш (ćyiš)

Tundra Nenets: тись (tyisʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *tī-

Northern Selkup: ті̄ӄо

Kamassian: шəзьәт (šəźət)

Uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-Uralic *säle-, *sälke-, although the vowel does not correspond.


tilə-

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: тюлӑсь (tyulăsʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *tilə-

Northern Selkup: тілыӄо

Southern Selkup:

Tym: тылгу (tylgu), тэлгу (telgu), тэлыгу (telygu), тэлэгу (telegu)

Kamassian: тхәлзьәт (tʰəlźət), тхилдәзьәт (tʰildəźət)

Koibal: тил- (til-)


tisɜ-

Nganasan: чисюдя (čisjudja)

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: тисьдесь (tyisʹdyesʹ°)

Mator: тиси- (tisi-)


tïrå-

Enets:

Forest Enets: тыраҫь (tiraš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: ты̆ԓаш (tĭłaš)

Tundra Nenets: тырась (tirasʹ°)

⇒ Mator: тири (tiri, “dried out; hard”), тирибтə- (tiribtə-, “to dry out”)

Uncertain. Has been compared with Proto-Uralic *šorwa (“dry”), but the correspondence is irregular. Alternatively, perhaps related to Proto-Turkic *tïgïŕ (“firm, tough”).


cokɜ-

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: тохось (toxosʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *čoka- (“to peck”)

Northern Selkup: тоӄаӄо (toqaqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: чокэгу́ (čokegú)

Upper Ob: тёколгу (tjokolgu)

Koibal: тугу- (tugu-)

Mator: тогә- (togə-)

Possibly onomatopoeic. Compare Proto-Turkic *čok- (“to stab; to peck”).


tojtə-

Nganasan: тучәләса (tučələsa)

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: тодӑсь (todăsʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *tȫtə-

Northern Selkup: тӧ̄тыӄо (tȫtyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: тӧ́дыгу (tö́dygu)

>? Kamassian: шйадзьәт (šjadźət)

>? Koibal: седер- (seder-)

Mator: тоштə- (toštə-)


tokə-

Nganasan: тукәдя (tukədja, “to be able to”)

Enets:

Forest Enets: тохуҫь (tohuš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: тохош (toxoš)

Tundra Nenets: тохось (toxosʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *tōqəlčə- (“to count”)

Northern Selkup: то̄ӄылтыӄо (tōqyltyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: то́ӷолҗэгу (tóģolǯegu), то́ӷэлҗэгу (tóģelǯegu)

Mator: токә- (tokə-), токтә- (toktə-)


totwə-

Nganasan: тубудя (tubudja)

Enets:

Forest Enets: тоодудь (toodud')

Proto-Selkup: *tutə-

Northern Selkup: тутыӄо (tutyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: туто́лгу (tutólgu)

Upper Ob: тудолгу (tudolgu)

Kamassian: тхудозьәт (tʰudoźət)

Koibal: тодо- (todo-)

Mator: тоʼбә- (toʔbə-)

Uncertain. Has been compared with Proto-Uralic *soske-, but the correspondence is irregular.


tüj-

Nganasan: чииди (čiidji)

Enets:

Forest Enets: чуҫь (čuš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: чуш (ćuš)

Tundra Nenets: тюсь (tyusʹ°)

Kamassian: шӱзьәт (šüźət)


kətɜ-

Nganasan: кәтудя (kətudja, “to graze, dig for food (of reindeer)”)

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: хӑдӑсь (xădăsʹ°, “to graze, dig for food (of reindeer)”)

Proto-Selkup: *qatə-, *qačə-

Northern Selkup: ӄатыӄо (qatyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: кáдэгу (kádegu), ӄадо́лгу (qadólgu), кадо́лгу (kadólgu)

Upper Ob: кажолгу (kažolgu)

Nganasan: кәтуˮтәса (kətuʔtəsa, “to graze, dig for food (of reindeer)”)

Enets:

Forest Enets: козечь (kozeč')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: качӑʼш (kaćăhš)

Tundra Nenets: хӑдець (xădyecʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *qatət-

Northern Selkup: ӄатытӄо (qatytqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: ӄадэтку́ (qadetkú)

Kamassian: кхадаʼзьәт (kʰadaʔźət)

Koibal: кодал- (kodal-)


kåə-

Nganasan: куодя (kuodja)

Enets:

Forest Enets: каҫь (kaš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: ка̄ш (kāš)

Tundra Nenets: хась (xasʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *qū-

Northern Selkup: ӄуӄо (quqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: ку́гу (kúgu)

Upper Ob: куугу (kuugu)

>? Kamassian: кхӱзьәт (kʰüźət)

>? Koibal: кӱ- (kü-)

Mator: ка- (ka-)


kåntå-

Nganasan: контудя (kontudja)

Enets:

Forest Enets: кадаҫь (kadaš')

Tundra Enets: кадаше (kadaše)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: кана̄ш (kanāš)

Tundra Nenets: ханась (xanasʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *qwe̮ntə-

Northern Selkup: ӄәнтыӄо (qəntyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: ӄвэ́ндэгу (qwéndegu)

Upper Ob: куаддэгу (kuaddegu)

Kamassian: кхунзьәт (kʰunźət), кхундозьәт (kʰundoźət)

Koibal: куналда- (kunalda-)

Mator: кандә- (kandə-)


kån-

Nganasan: коныди (konɨdji)

Enets:

Forest Enets: каниҫь (kaniš')

Tundra Enets: канэше (kaneše), канеше (kanješe)

Proto-Selkup: *qwe̮n-

Northern Selkup: ӄәнӄо (qənqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: ӄвэ́нгу (qwéngu), квэ́нгу (kwéngu)

Upper Ob: куангу (kuangu)

Kamassian: кханзьәт (kʰanźət), кхандәзьәт (kʰandəźət)

Koibal: канда- (kanda-)

Mator: кан- (kan-)

Possibly from Proto-Uralic *kane-, whence the causative *kanta- (“to carry”).


kåjä-

Nganasan: коиди (koidji)

Enets:

Forest Enets: каеҫь (kaješ')

Tundra Enets: каэше (kaeše)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: кадеш (kadyeš)

Tundra Nenets: хаесь (xayesʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *qwe̮ťə-

Northern Selkup: ӄә̄чыӄо

Southern Selkup:

Narym: ӄвэ́җегу (qwéǯjegu), квэ́җэгу (kwéǯegu)

Upper Ob: куэдегу (kuedjegu)


kåjo-

Nganasan: коуса (kousa)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: кадёш (kadyoš)

Tundra Nenets: хаёсь (xayosʹ°)

Kamassian: кхойозьәт (kʰojoźət)

Koibal: койо- (kojo-)

Mator: койо- (kojo-)

From *kåjä- (“to leave behind”), from Proto-Uralic *kaďaw-.


kåŋ-

Enets:

Forest Enets: кадь (kad')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: каньш (kanʹš)

Tundra Nenets: ханзь (xanzʹ°)

Mator: каӈ- (kaŋ-)

Uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-Uralic *kaŋe-, whence Hungarian hív.


koncor-

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: коноԓьш (konołʹš, “to try”)

Proto-Selkup: *qōnčər-

Northern Selkup: ӄонтырӄо (qontyrqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: ӄонҗэргу́ (qonǯergú)

Upper Ob: куоддэгу (kuoddegu)

Mator: кондор- (kondor-)


kəptå-

Nganasan: кәбтудя (kəbtudja)

Enets:

⇒ Forest Enets: котучь (kotuč')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: кӑптӑш (kăptăš)

Tundra Nenets: хӑбтась (xăbtasʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *qaptə-

Northern Selkup: ӄаптыӄо (qaptyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: ӄаптэгу́ (qaptegú)

Upper Ob: кабтэгу (kabtegu)

кхуʼбдәрзьәт

⇒ Kamassian: кхуʼбдәрзьәт (kʰuʔbdərźət)

⇒ Kamassian: кхуʼбдәрзьәт (kʰuʔbdərźət)

⇒ Koibal: кубдәр- (kubdər-)

Mator: кабтә- (kabtə-)


kəptö-

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: капчош (kapćoš)

Tundra Nenets: хӑбтёсь (xăbtyosʹ°)

Kamassian: кхуʼбдозьәт (kʰuʔbdoźət)


kəńɜ-

>? Nganasan: кауләса (kauləsa)

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: хӑя̆сь (xăyăsʹ°, “to be closed (of the eyes)”)

Proto-Selkup: *qāńə-

Northern Selkup: ӄө̄няӄо (qå̄njaqo), ӄө̄яӄо (qå̄jaqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: ӄа́егу (qájegu)

Upper Ob: каайгу (kaajgu)

Kamassian: кхайзьәт (kʰajźət)

Koibal: кай- (kaj-)

Mator: кайә- (kajə-)

From Proto-Uralic *kuńa- (“to close (one's eyes)”).


kåsə-

Nganasan: косәдя (kosədja)

Enets:

Forest Enets: касуҫь (kasuš')

Tundra Enets: касоше (kasoše)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: касаш (kasaš)

Tundra Nenets: хасӑсь (xasăsʹ°)

>? Proto-Selkup: *qūsə- (“shallow”)

Southern Selkup:

Ket: ӄузыӄа (quzyqa)

Upper Ob: кууска (kuuska), куускай (kuuskaj)


kəmə-

⇒ Nganasan: кәмәгу (kəməgu, “fallen”)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: камаш (kamaš)

Tundra Nenets: хӑвӑсь (xăwăsʹ°)

desc

⇒ Proto-Selkup: *qaməttä (“face down, headfirst”)

Northern Selkup: ӄамтӓ (qamtä)

Southern Selkup:

Upper Ob: кауттэ (kautte)

⇒ Mator: камага (kamaga, “log, driftwood”)

Possibly from Proto-Uralic *kuma (“bent, fallen position”).


kəmcå-

Enets:

⇒ Forest Enets: кодагуҫь (kodaguš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: камта̄ш (kamtāš)

Tundra Nenets: хӑмдась (xămdasʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *qamčə-

Northern Selkup: ӄамтыӄо (qamtyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: ӄамҗэгу́ (qamǯegú), камҗегу́ (kamǯjegú)

Upper Ob: кабдэгу (kabdegu)

Kamassian: кхәмназьәт (kʰəmnaźət)

Koibal: камни- (kamni-)

Mator: камдә- (kamdə-)

Uncertain. Possibly related to *kəmə- (“to fall; to collapse”).


kəmpɜ-

Nganasan: кәӈхыди (kəŋxɨdji)

Enets:

desc

Forest Enets: кобраҫь (kobraš', kɔbraš')

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: хӑмбинесь (xămbyinyesʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *qampol- (“to turn over, capsize; to fall out (of a boat)”)

Northern Selkup: ӄамполі̄ӄо

Southern Selkup:

Tym: ӄамполҗугу (qampolǯugu)

Ket: ӄамболгыгу (qambolgygu), ӄамболгэгу (qambolgegu)

Mator: камбәл- (kambəl-)


kənsä-

Enets:

Forest Enets: косеҫь (koseš')

Nenets:

⇒ Forest Nenets: кӑнсу (kănsu, “cool, chilly”)

Tundra Nenets: хӑнзесь (xănzyesʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *qašə-

Northern Selkup: ӄашыӄо (qašyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Tym: ӄажыргу (qažyrgu), ӄажэргу (qažergu)

Kamassian: кхәнзәзьәт (kʰənzəźət)

From Proto-Uralic *käńśä- (“to freeze”). The first vowel is irregular, perhaps due to analogy with *kəntä- (“to freeze”).


kəntä-

Nganasan: кәнтыди (kəntɨdji)

Enets:

Forest Enets: кодэҫь (kodeš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: каняˮш (kanyaqš)

Tundra Nenets: хӑнимзь (xănyimzʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *qantə-

Northern Selkup: ӄантыӄо (qantyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: ӄандэ́җегу (qandéǯjegu), ӄандэ́җэгу (qandéǯegu)

Upper Ob: каджэгу (kadžegu), каддээйжэгу (kaddeejžegu)

Kamassian: кхәнзьәт (kʰənźət), кхәндәзьәт (kʰəndəźət)

Koibal: кон- (kon-)

Mator: кандә- (kandə-)


kərä-

⇒ Nganasan: кәриˮә (kəriʔə, “driving pole”)

Enets:

⇒ Forest Enets: коре (kore, “driving pole”)

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: хӑресь (xăryesʹ°)

Kamassian: кхарәйзьәт (kʰarəjźət, “to direct, steer”)

Mator: карә- (karə-) [= ? кӓрә- (kärə-)]


kərmå-

Nganasan: кәрбудя (kərbudja)

Enets:

Forest Enets: комаҫь (komaš', kɔmaš')

Tundra Enets: комаше (komaše, kɔmaše)

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: хӑрвась (xărwasʹ°)

Uncertain. Has been compared with Moksha кармамс (karmams, “to start”), but the first vowel does not correspond.


kacɜ-

Proto-Selkup: *qāčə-

Northern Selkup: ӄө̄ттыӄо (qå̄ttyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Ket: ӄа̄ччыгу (qāččygu), ӄа̄чэгу (qāčegu)

Nganasan: катірся (katirsja)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: шатаԓьш (šatałʹš)

Kamassian: кхадәрзьәт (kʰadərźət)

Mator: кӓдәр- (kädər-)


kamɜr-

⇒ Nganasan: камар (kamar, “breast”)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: шемаԓьш (šyemałʹš)

Tundra Nenets: севолць (syewolcʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *qāmal-

Northern Selkup: ӄө̄малӄо (qå̄malqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: ӄа́валгу (qáwalgu)

⇒ Kamassian: кхамәруʼ (kʰaməruʔ, “(open) arms”)

Koibal: камир- (kamir-)

Mator: кӓмәр- (kämər-)

Uncertain. Possibly from Proto-Uralic *komɜrɜ, whence Erzya коморо (komoro, “handful”). Alternatively, perhaps related to Proto-Yeniseian *kʌm- (“armful”).


kapə-

⇒ Nganasan: кабүˮмүо (kabüʔmüo, “kindling”)

Enets:

Forest Enets: сԑбԑҫь (sɛbɛš', “to tear off”)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: шапаԓьш (šapałʹš)

Tundra Nenets: сябарць (syabarcʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *qāpə-

>? Northern Selkup: ӄопыӄо (qopyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: ? ӄоба́лгу (qobálgu)

Upper Ob: каабалгу (kaabalgu)


kåptə-

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: хабтӑнзь (xabtănzʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *qōptəŋ-

Northern Selkup: ӄоптыӈӄо (qoptyŋqo)

Southern Selkup:

Upper Ob: куоптэнггу (kuoptenggu)

Uncertain. Possibly from Proto-Turkic *kïp- (“to press together; to cut (with scissors)”).


kåtə-

Enets:

Forest Enets: казудь (kazud')

Proto-Selkup: *qwe̮tə-

Northern Selkup: ӄә̄тырыӄо (“to fight”)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: ӄвэ́дэмбэгу (qwédembegu)

Upper Ob: куэдэгу (kuedegu)

⇒ Kamassian: кхудолзьәт (kʰudolźət)

⇒ Koibal: кудол- (kudol-)


kåtɜ-

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: хадӑбтась (xadăbtasʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *qwe̮tə-

Northern Selkup: ӄә̄тымпыӄо

Southern Selkup:

Vasyugan: ӄвэдэмбугу (qwedembugu), ӄвэдымбугу (qwedymbugu)

Ket: ӄвэ̄дэгу (qwēdegu), ӄвэ̄дыгу (qwēdygu)

Mator: кадабтә- (kadabtə-)


kåtmə-

Enets:

Forest Enets: каудь (kaud')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: каˮмаш (kaqmaš)

Tundra Nenets: хаˮмӑсь (xaqmăsʹ°)

>? Proto-Selkup: *quptə-

Northern Selkup: ӄуптыӄо (quptyqo)

Mator: каʼб- (kaʔb-), каʼбәр- (kaʔbər-)


käŋkə-

Nganasan: сеӈкәди (sjeŋkədji)

Enets:

Forest Enets: сԑгуҫь (sɛguš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: шеӈкаш (šyeŋkaš)

Tundra Nenets: сеӈгӑсь (syeŋgăsʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *šäŋqə-

Northern Selkup: шӓӄӄыӄо (šäqqyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: шэ́кэгу (šékegu)

Mator: кеӈгә- (keŋgə-)


kär-

Nganasan: серәди (sjerədji)

Enets:

Forest Enets: сԑруҫь (sɛruš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: шеԓаш (šyełaš)

Tundra Nenets: серӑсь (syerăsʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *šēr-

Northern Selkup: ше̄рӄо (šjērqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: шэ́ргу (šérgu)

Upper Ob: сиэргу (siergu)

Kamassian: шерзьәт (šerźət)

Koibal: сер- (ser-)

Mator: кер- (ker-)

From Proto-Uralic *käre- (“to wrap, tie, thread”).


kätə-

Nganasan: сетәди (sjetədji, “to load”)

Nenets:

⇒ Forest Nenets: шеч (šyeć, “cradle”)

desc

Tundra Nenets: седӑсь (syedăsʹ°, “to wrap in a cradle”)

Mator: кедә- (kedə-)


këtɜ-

Enets:

Forest Enets: китаҫь (kitaš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: кэˮташ (keqtaš)

Tundra Nenets: хэ̇тӑсь (xėtăsʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *ke̮tə-

Northern Selkup: кәтыӄо (kətyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: кадэгу́ (kadegú), ӄадэгу́ (qadegú)

Upper Ob: кадэгу (kadegu)


kitä-

Nganasan: китіди (kitidji)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: шичеш (šyićyeš)

Tundra Nenets: сидесь (syidyesʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *šitə-

Northern Selkup: шиттыӄо (šittyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: шыдэгу́ (šydegú)

Upper Ob: сэдэгу (sedegu)

⇒ Kamassian: шӱʼдәрзьәт (šüʔdərźət)

⇒ Kamassian: шӱʼдәрзьәт (šüʔdərźət)

⇒ Koibal: сӱдӱр- (südür-)

⇒ Mator: кӱдӱм- (küdüm-)


kitö-

Nganasan: күз̌үаса (küðüasa), күз̌иаса (küðiasa)

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: сидёсь (syidyosʹ°)

Kamassian: шӱʼдӧзьәт (šüʔdöźət)

Kamassian: шӱʼдӧзьәт (šüʔdöźət)


kïrå-

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: хырась (xirasʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *ki̮rə-

Northern Selkup: кірыӄо

Southern Selkup:

Narym: кыргу́ (kyrgú)

Upper Ob: кэрэгу (keregu)

Kamassian: кхәрзьәт (kʰərźət)

Koibal: кир- (kir-)

Mator: кирә- (kirə-)

Uncertain. Possibly borrowed from Proto-Turkic *kïr- (“to break, demolish; to scrape, shave”).


kontå-

Nganasan: кунтудя (kuntudja)

Enets:

Forest Enets: кодараҫь (kodaraš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: конаш (konaš)

Tundra Nenets: хонась (xonasʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *qontə-

Northern Selkup: ӄонтыӄо (qontyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: ӄондэгу́ (qondegú)

Upper Ob: коджоулгу (kodžoulgu)

Kamassian: кхунозьәт (kʰunoźət)

Koibal: конол- (konol-)

Mator: кондә- (kondə-)


kot-

Nganasan: кутәз̌уса (kutəðusa)

Enets:

Forest Enets: козудь (kozud')

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: ходомбӑсь (xodombăsʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *qot-

Southern Selkup:

Narym: ко́тку (kótku)

Upper Ob: коотку (kootku)

Kamassian: кхуʼзьәт (kʰuʔźət)

Koibal: кут- (kut-)


kotor-

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: ко̄тоԓьш (kōtołʹš)

Tundra Nenets: ходорць (xodorcʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *qotar-

Northern Selkup: ӄотарӄо (qotarqo)

Southern Selkup:

Vasyugan: ӄодаргу (qodargu)

Mator: кодор- (kodor-)


kunə-

Nganasan: кунәдя (kunədja)

Enets:

Forest Enets: кунуҫь (kunuš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: кунаш (kunaš)

Tundra Nenets: хунӑсь (xunăsʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *kūnə-

Northern Selkup: кӯныӄо (kūnyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: ӄӯнэгу (qūnegu)

Upper Ob: куунэгу (kuunegu)


kurå-

desc

>? Nganasan: күрүдя (kürüdja, “to entangle”)

Enets:

Forest Enets: кураҫь (kuraš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: куԓаш (kułaš)

Tundra Nenets: хурась (xurasʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *kurə-

Northern Selkup: курыӄо (kuryqo, “to wrap up”)

Southern Selkup:

Upper Ob: курэгу (kuregu)

>? Kamassian: кхӱрзьәт (kʰürźət)

>? Koibal: кӱр- (kür-)

Mator: курә- (kurə-)

Uncertain. Resembles Proto-Finno-Permic *kuda- (“to spin, weave”), but the preservation of PU *u before the stem vowel *a would be irregular (compare *kəptå- ← *kupsa-, *kərå ← *kura, *mənå ← *muna, etc.).


pijm-

⇒ Nganasan: хиимтәкәди (xiimtəkədji)

Proto-Selkup: *pim- (“dark”)

Southern Selkup:

Ket: пимби (pimbi)

Mator: хим- (him-), химдәмджә- (himdəmǯə-)


pəjmə-

Nganasan: хоймәгәә (xojməgəə, “dark”)

Enets:

Forest Enets: пей (pej, “darkness”)

Nenets:

desc

Forest Nenets: пӭмта (pämta, “darkness”)

Tundra Nenets: пэвась (pewasʹ°)

From Proto-Uralic *piľme (“darkness; dark”).


pəjä-

Nganasan: хоиди (xoidji)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: падя’ш (padya’š)

Tundra Nenets: пэ̄ць (pēcʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *paťal-

Northern Selkup: пачалӄо (paćalqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: паҗӓ́лгу (paǯ’álgu)

Upper Ob: падялгу (padjalgu)

Mator: хӓйӓл- (häjäl-)


pən-

Nganasan: хонса (xonsa)

Nenets:

⇒ Tundra Nenets: пӑнорць (pănorcʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *pan-

Southern Selkup:

Ket: пангу (pangu), пӭнгу

Upper Ob: пангу (pangu)

>? Kamassian: пхӱнзьәт (pʰünźət)


pəŋkəl-

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: паӈкаԓьш (paŋkałʹš)

Tundra Nenets: пӑӈгӑлць (păŋgălcʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *paŋqəl-

Southern Selkup:

Ket: пангэлгу (pangelgu), пангылгу (pangylgu)


pərå-

Enets:

Forest Enets: пораҫь (poraš')

Tundra Enets: пораше (poraše, pɔraše)

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: паԓāш (pałāš)

Tundra Nenets: пӑрась (părasʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *parə-

Northern Selkup: парыӄо (paryqo, “to fry, roast”)

⇒? Southern Selkup:

Narym: пари́дэл (parídel), пӓри́дэл (p’arídel, “bitter”)

⇒ Mator: хором- (horom-, “to burn”), харәдә- (harədə-, “to kindle, light”)


pət-

Nganasan: хотыди (xotɨdji)

Enets:

⇒ Forest Enets: позедь (pozed', “to swim”)

Nenets:

⇒ Forest Nenets: пачеԓьш (paćyełʹš, “to bathe”)

⇒ Tundra Nenets: пӑдирць (pădyircʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *pat-

Northern Selkup: патӄо (patqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: патку́ (patkú)

Kamassian: пхәʼзьәт (pʰəʔźət, “to swim”)

Uncertain. Possibly borrowed from Proto-Turkic *bat- (“to sink”).


pətkəl-

Nganasan: хокәләсы (xokələsɨ)

Enets:

Forest Enets: покруҫь (pokruš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: пакаԓьш (pakałʹš)

Tundra Nenets: пӑкӑлць (păkălcʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *patqəl-

Northern Selkup: патӄылӄо (patqylqo)


påj-

Nganasan: хоймәләса (xojmələsa, “to squeeze out”)

Enets:

>? Forest Enets: похруҫь (pohruš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: пайпташ (payptaš)

Tundra Nenets: пэбтась (pebtasʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *pǖtə-

Southern Selkup:

Narym: пӱ́дэгу (pǘdegu, “to put in, thread (a needle)”)

Upper Ob: піудэгу (püudegu)


pålä-

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: палесь (palyesʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *pōlə-

Northern Selkup: по̄лыӄо (pōlyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: по̄лэгу (pōlegu), по̄лгу (pōlgu)

Koibal: полдо- (poldo-)


pårkə-

>? Nganasan: хориси (xorisi)

Enets:

Forest Enets: пагруҫь (pagruš')

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: паркӑсь (parkăsʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *porkəl-

Southern Selkup:

Narym: поргэлгу́ (porgelgú), поргылгу́ (porgylgú)

Ket: поргэлгу (porgelgu), поргылгу (porgylgu)

Kamassian: пхаргәзьәт (pʰargəźət)


påtə-

Nganasan: хотәдя (xotədja)

Enets:

Forest Enets: пазуҫь (pazuš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: паташ (pataš)

Tundra Nenets: падӑсь (padăsʹ°)


päj-

Nganasan: хуйси (xujsi)

Enets:

Forest Enets: педь (ped')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: пюԓьш (pyułʹš)

Tundra Nenets: пюсь (pyusʹ°), пюрць (pyurcʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *pē-

Northern Selkup: пе̄ӄо (pjēqo), пе̄рыӄо (pjēryqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: пе́гу (pjégu), пе́ргу (pjérgu)

Upper Ob: пиэгу (piegu)

Kamassian: пхйезьәт (pʰjeźət)

Koibal: пи- (pi-)

>? Mator: хой- (hoj-) [= ? хӧй- (höj-)]


pälätä-

Nganasan: хелыз̌ысы (xjelɨðɨsɨ)

Enets:

Forest Enets: пԑрзиҫь (pɛrziš')

Tundra Enets: перезеше (perezeše)

Proto-Selkup: *pältə-

Northern Selkup: пэлтыӄо (peltyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: пялдэгу́ (pjaldegú)


päncå-

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: пена̄ш (pyenāš)

Tundra Nenets: пенёсь (pyenyosʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *penčə-

Northern Selkup: пэнтыӄо (pentyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: пе́нҗэгу (pjénǯegu)

Upper Ob: педжэгу (pjedžegu)

Kamassian: пхеньизьәт (pʰeńiźət)


pecə-

Enets:

Forest Enets: пизуҫь (pizuš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: петаш (pyetaš)

Tundra Nenets: пидӑсь (pyidăsʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *püčə-

Northern Selkup: пӱтыӄо (pütyqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: пӧ́җэгу (pö́ǯegu), пӧ́җегу (pö́ǯjegu), пӱ́җэгу (pǘǯegu), пӱ́җегу (pǘǯjegu)

Upper Ob: пежэгу (pježegu)

Kamassian: пхӱдзьәт (pʰüdźət)

Koibal: пид- (pid-)

Mator: хидә- (hidə-)

From Proto-Uralic *pečkä-. Compare Proto-Samic *peackētētēk.


pej-

Nganasan: хылә (xɨlə), хыыләнсәга (xɨɨlənsəga, “scary”), хилиˮси (xiliʔsi, “to be afraid”)

Enets:

Forest Enets: пидаҫь (pidaš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: пинӑш (pyinăš)

Tundra Nenets: пӣнӑсь (pyīnăsʹ°)


pejm-

Nganasan: хыымсы (xɨɨmsɨ)

Enets:

Forest Enets: пиичь (piič')

Tundra Enets: пииче (piiče)

Nenets:

⇒ Forest Nenets: пимсӭй (pyimsäy, “fear”)

⇒ Tundra Nenets: пивӑнзӑсь (pyiwănzăsʹ°, “to instill fear”)

Kamassian: пхимзьәт (pʰimźət)

Koibal: пим- (pim-)

Mator: химәр- (himər-)


pejtä-

Enets:

Forest Enets: пизиҫь (piziš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: пичеш (pyićyeš)

Tundra Nenets: пӣдесь (pyīdyesʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *pītə-

Northern Selkup: пӣттыӄо (pīttyqo)

Kamassian: пхидерзьәт (pʰiderźət, “to track, follow (game)”)


pet-

Nenets:

Tundra Nenets: пиделць (pyidyelcʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *pit- (“to knead”)

Northern Selkup: питӄо (pitqo)

Southern Selkup:

Tym: питку (pitku)

Ket: питӄэлгу (pitqelgu), питӄылгу (pitqylgu)

Kamassian: пхӱʼзьәт (pʰüʔźət)


pirä-

Nganasan: хириди (xiridji)

Enets:

Forest Enets: пиреҫь (pireš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: пиԓе̄ш (pyiłyēš)

Tundra Nenets: пиресь (pyiryesʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *pirə-

Northern Selkup: пирыӄо (piryqo)

Kamassian: пхӱрзьәт (pʰürźət)


pisɜ-

Nganasan: хидиси (xidjisi)

Enets:

Forest Enets: пиҫидь (pišid')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: пишаньш (pyišanʹš)

Tundra Nenets: пися̆нзь (pyisyănzʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *pisə-

Northern Selkup: писышӄо (pisyšqo)

Southern Selkup:

Ket: писсыгу (pissygu)

Upper Ob: пэсэйгу (pesejgu)

Kamassian: пхӱштəзьәт (pʰüštəźət)

Kamassian: пхӱштəзьәт (pʰüštəźət), бӱштерзьәт (büšterźət)

Koibal: бистер- (bister-)

Mator: бисин- (bisin-)


puə-

Proto-Selkup: *pū-

Northern Selkup: пӯӄо (pūqo)

Southern Selkup:

Narym: пу́гу (púgu)

Upper Ob: пугу (pugu)

Nganasan: хүарса (xüarsa), хүаләса (xüaləsa), хүоләса (xüoləsa)

Enets:

>? Forest Enets: пэсгуҫь (pesguš')

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: пусыпёш (pusipyoš)

Tundra Nenets: пӯць (pūcʹ°)

Kamassian: пхӱʼзьәт (pʰüʔźət)

Koibal: пӱʼ- (püʔ-)


pucɜ-

Nenets:

Forest Nenets: путаˮш (putaqš)

Tundra Nenets: пудӑць (pudăcʹ°)

Proto-Selkup: *pōčal-

Northern Selkup: по̄тталӄо (pōttalqo)

Southern Selkup:

Tym: поҗалҗугу (poǯalǯugu)

Ket: почолҗэгу (počolǯegu), почолҗыгу (počolǯygu)

Kamassian: пхудзьәт (pʰudźət)