te

Northern Ryukyuan: 티 (/tʰi/) (Haytong Ceykwukki, 1501)

Kikai:

Aden: 手 (tī) (tone class AB)

Araki: 手 (tī) (tone class AB)

Kamikatetsu: 手 (tī) (tone class AB)

Nakasato: 手 (θī) (tone class AB)

Onotsu: 手 (tïï) (tone class B)

Sakamine: 手 (tī) (tone class AB)

Shiomichi: 手 (tī) (tone class AB)

Shitōke: 手 (tïï) (tone class B)

Wan: 手 (θī) (tone class AB)

Kunigami:

Iejima: 手 (thī)

Hentona: 手 (thī)

Nakijin: 手 (thī) (tone class B)

Oku: 手 (thī)

Sumuide: 手 (tī)

Northern Amami Ōshima:

Naze: 手 (tï)

Yamatohama: 手 (tï)

Yuwan: 手 (tïï)

Okinawan:

Naha: 手 (tī)

Shuri: 手 (tī) (tone class B)

Okinoerabu:

Kamishiro: 手 (tī) (tone class B)

Serikaku: 手 (tī)

Tetechina: 手 (tī)

Southern Amami Ōshima:

Koniya: 手 (tïï)

Shodon: 手 (tïï) (tone class B)

Tokunoshima:

Inō: 手 (tïï)

Kametsu: 手 (tï)

Matsubara: 手 (tïï) (tone class B)

San: 手 (tï) (tone class B)

Yoron: 手 (tī) (tone class B)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako:

Bora: 手 (tī)

Hirara: 手 (tī)

Ikema: 手 (tī) (tone class B)

Irabu: 手 (tī)

Karimata: 手 (tī)

Kugai: 手 (tī)

Kurima: 手 (tī)

Minna: 手 (tī) (tone class B)

Nagahama: 手 (tī)

Ōgami: 手 (tī)

Ōura: 手 (tī) (tone class AB)

Sarahama: 手 (tī)

Sawada: 手 (tī)

Shiokawa: 手 (tī)

Tarama: 手 (tī) (tone class B)

Uechi: 手 (tī)

Yonaha: 手 (tī) (tone class AB)

Yaeyama:

Hateruma: 手 (shī)

Hatoma: 手 (tī)

Ishigaki: 手 (tī) (tone class B)

Kohama: 手 (tī)

Kuroshima: 手 (tī)

Sonai: 手 (tī)

Taketomi: 手 (tī) (tone class B)

Yonaguni: 手 (tī) (tone class B)


take

Northern Ryukyuan: *dake

Kikai: 竹 (dē)

Kunigami: 竹 (dakī)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 竹 (dehe)

Okinawan: 竹 (daki)

Okinoerabu: 竹 (dē)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 竹 (dehe)

Tokunoshima: 竹 (dē)

Yoron: 竹 (dai)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 竹 (taki)

Yaeyama: 竹 (taki)

Yonaguni: 竹 (tagi)


ao

From Proto-Japonic *awo (“blue, green”).


ao

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 青 (ō), 青さい (ōsai)

Kunigami: 青 (ō), 青せん (ōsen)

desc

Northern Amami Ōshima: 青 (ō), 青さり (ōsari)

Okinawan: 青 (ō), 青さん (ōsan)

Okinoerabu: 青 (ō), 青さん (ōsan)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 青 (ō), 青さむっ (ōsam)

Tokunoshima: 青 (au), 青さい (ausai)

Yoron: 青 (ō), 青さん (ōsan)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 青 (au, ō)

Yaeyama: 青 (au), 青さん (ausan)

Yonaguni: 青 (au), 青ん (aun)


too

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 十 (θū)

Kunigami: 十 (thū)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 十 (θū)

Okinawan: 十 (tū)

Okinoerabu: 十 (tū)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 十 (tū)

Tokunoshima: 十 (tū)

Yoron: 十 (tū)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 十 (tū)

Yaeyama: 十 (tū)

Yonaguni: 十 (tū)


too

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 遠さい (θūsai)

Kunigami: 遠しぇん (thūshen)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 遠さり (θūsari)

Okinawan: 遠さん (tūsan)

Okinoerabu: 遠さん (tūsan)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 遠さむっ (tūsam)

Tokunoshima: 遠はーい (tōhāi)

Yoron: 遠さん (tūsan)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 遠 (tū)

Yaeyama: 遠さん (tūsan)

Yonaguni: 遠ん (twan)

From Proto-Japonic *təpə (“distant, far; long, remote”).


age

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 上ぎゆい (agiyui)

Kunigami: 上ぎーるん (agīrun /ʔàgíːɾûŋ/)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 上ぐぃるり (agïruri)

Okinawan: 上ぎゆん (agiyun /ʔágíjùŋ/)

Okinoerabu: 上ぎゆん (agiyun /ʔàgíjúŋ/)

desc

Southern Amami Ōshima: 上ぐぃりゅむっ (agïryum)

Tokunoshima: 上ぐぃるい (agïrui /ʔàgɨ́ɾúɪ́/)

Yoron: 上ぎゅん (agyun /àgjùŋ/)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 上ぎイ゚ (agiɿ)

Yaeyama: 上ぎん (agin /ʔágîŋ/), 上ぎるん (agirun /ʔágíɾùŋ/)

Yonaguni: 上き゚るん (a'ngirun /àŋíɾúŋ/)

From Proto-Japonic *ank-a- (“to raise”).


age

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kunigami: 陸 (agī /ʔàgíː/)

Okinawan: 陸 (agi /ʔágì/)

Okinoerabu: 陸 (agī /ʔàgíː/)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 陸 (agi /ʔàgîˑ/)

Tokunoshima: 陸 (agï /ʔàgɨ́/)

Yoron: 陸 (agi /àgì/)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Yaeyama: 陸 (agi /ʔágì/)

Yonaguni: 陸 (a'ngi /ʔàŋí/)

Likely an extension of Etymology 1 above. This extension also occurred in the Shikoku region, the Chūgoku region, Fukuoka Prefecture and Kagoshima prefecture, where this form is preserved as /age/.


o

From Proto-Japonic *ə (“you (singular)”).


mi

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 三 (mī)

Kunigami: 三 (mī)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 三 (mī)

Okinawan: 三 (mī)

Okinoerabu: 三 (mī)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 三 (mī)

Tokunoshima: 三 (mī)

Yoron: 三 (mī)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 三 (mī)

Yaeyama: 三 (mī)

Yonaguni: 三 (mī)


mi

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 身 (mī, “body; meat”), 実 (mī, “seed, fruit”)

Kunigami: 実 (mī, “seed, fruit”)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 身 (mi, “body; meat”), 実 (mi, “seed, fruit”)

Okinawan: 実 (mī, “seed, fruit”)

Okinoerabu: 身 (mī, “body; meat”), 実 (mī, “seed, fruit”)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 身 (mī, “body; meat”), 実 (mī, “seed, fruit”)

Tokunoshima: 身 (mi, mī, “body; meat”), 実 (mi, mī, “seed, fruit”)

Yoron: 実 (mī, “seed, fruit”)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 身 (m, miz, “body; meat”)

Yaeyama: 身 (mïï, “body; meat”), 実 (mïï, “seed, fruit”)

Yonaguni: 身 (mī, “body; meat”)

From Proto-Japonic *muy (“body; flesh, meat; seed, fruit”).


pi

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 日 (pī)

Kunigami: 日 (pī)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 日 (hi)

Okinawan: 日 (fī)

Okinoerabu: 日 (hī)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 日 (hī)

Tokunoshima: 日 (hī)

Yoron: 日 (pī)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 日 (psïï)

Yaeyama: 日 (psïï)

Yonaguni: 日 (chī)


pi

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kunigami: 火 (pī)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 火 (hi) (in compounds)

Okinawan: 火 (fī, hī)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 火 (hī)

Yoron: 火 (pi) (in compounds)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 火 (psïï)

Yaeyama: 火 (pïï)

Yonaguni: 火 (chī)


pi

Northern Ryukyuan:

Northern Amami Ōshima:

Yamatohama: ひー (hī)

Okinoerabu:

China: びーび (bībi, tone class A)

Wadomari: びーび (bībi, tone class A)

Southern Amami Ōshima:

Shodon: ふぃー (fī)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako:

Hirara: ぴぃ゚すぃ゚ (pɿsɿ)

Yaeyama::

Ishigaki: ぴし (pishi) (irregular tone )

Yonaguni: ひー (hī) (tone class A)

Speculatively connected to Old Japanese ほと (poto₂, “vagina”). However, if the hypothesis that the Kojiki and some parts of the Nihon Shoki preserve the A/B distinction of po, it is that po is consistently spelled as 富 , not 本 . In this case, the vowels cannot be reconciled phonetically. See also Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b(j)at (“vulva”).
According to Nakasone (1983, 506), forms with a mid-back vowel Yoron ぽー (pō, tone class C), Kunigami ぽー (phō, tone class C), Okinawan ほー (hō, tone class BC), are derived from the following process: poo < powo < poɸo < popo, implying they sprung from a different root with the same initial p-.


uwe

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 植ぃーゆい (wïïyui)

Kunigami: 植いるん (uirun)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 植ぃーるり (wïïruri)

Okinawan: 植ーゆん (wīyun)

Okinoerabu: 植いゆん (uiyun)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 植ぃーゆむっ (wïïyum)

Tokunoshima: 植いり (uiri)

Yoron: 植いゆん (uiyun)

Southern Ryukyuan: *iwe

Miyako: 植ーㇲ゙ (ibīz)

Yaeyama: 植びん (ibin), 植びるん (ibirun)

Yonaguni: 植るん (birun)

From Proto-Japonic *uwu (“to plant”, transitive).


kawa

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 川 (hā)

Kunigami: 川 (hā)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 川 (xō)

Okinawan: 川 (kā)

Okinoerabu: 川 (hō)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 川 (xō)

Tokunoshima: 川 (xō)

Yoron: 川 (kō)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 川 (kā)

Yaeyama: 川 (kā)

Yonaguni: 川 (kā)

From Proto-Japonic *kapa (“source of freshwater”).


kawa

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 皮, 革 (hā)

Kunigami: 皮, 革 (hā)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 皮, 革 (xō)

Okinawan: 皮, 革 (kā)

Okinoerabu: 皮, 革 (hō)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 皮, 革 (xō)

Tokunoshima: 皮, 革 (xo, xō)

Yoron: 皮, 革 (hō)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 皮, 革 (kā)

Yaeyama: 皮, 革 (kā)

Yonaguni: 皮, 革 (kā)

From Proto-Japonic *kapa (“bark, hide, skin; leather”).


ai

Northern Ryukyuan:

desc

Kikai: 合ーゆい, 会ーゆい, 逢ーゆい, 遭ーゆい (āyui)

Kikai: 合ーゆい, 会ーゆい, 逢ーゆい, 遭ーゆい (āyui)

Kunigami: 合ーるん, 会ーるん, 逢ーるん, 遭ーるん (ārun, ōrun)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 合うり, 会うり, 逢うり, 遭うり (ōuri)

Okinawan: 合ーゆん, 会ーゆん, 逢ーゆん, 遭ーゆん (āyun, ōyun)

Okinoerabu: 合ーゆん, 会ーゆん, 逢ーゆん, 遭ーゆん (ōyun)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 合ーゆむっ, 会ーゆむっ, 逢ーゆむっ, 遭ーゆむっ (ōyum)

Okinoerabu: 合ーゆい, 会ーゆい, 逢ーゆい, 遭ーゆい (ōyui)

Yoron: 合ん, 会ん, 逢ん, 遭ん (en)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 合, 会, 逢, 遭 (ō)

Yaeyama: 合ん, 会ん, 逢ん, 遭ん (aun, ōn)


ai

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 藍 (ē)

Kunigami: 藍 (ē)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 藍 (yē)

Okinawan: 藍 (ē)

Okinoerabu: 藍 (ai)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 藍 (ē)

Tokunoshima: 藍 (ai)

Yoron: 藍 (ai)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 藍 (āz)

Yaeyama: 藍 (ai)

Yonaguni: 藍 (ai)


moro

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 諸 (muru, munu)

Kunigami: 諸 (murū)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 諸 (muru)

Okinawan: 諸 (muru)

Okinoerabu: 諸 (mūru)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 諸 (muru)

Tokunoshima: 諸 (muru, mūru)

Yoron: 諸 (muru)

Southern Ryukyuan:

⇒ Miyako: 諸人 (muztu, muzttu)

Yaeyama: 諸 (muru, mūru)

Yonaguni: 諸 (mūru, buru, būru)


pato

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 鳩 (patu)

Kunigami: 鳩 (phōtū)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 鳩 (haθo)

Okinawan: 鳩 (hōtu)

Okinoerabu: 鳩 (patu)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 鳩 (hato)

Tokunoshima: 鳩 (patu)

Yoron: 鳩 (patu)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 鳩 (patu)

Yaeyama: 鳩 (patu)

Yonaguni: 鳩 (hatu)

From Proto-Japonic *pato (“dove, pigeon”).


to

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: と゚ぅ (θu)

Kunigami: とぅ (thu)

Northern Amami Ōshima: と゚ぅ (θu)

Okinawan: とぅ (tu)

Okinoerabu: とぅ (tu)

Southern Amami Ōshima: とぅ (tu)

Tokunoshima: とぅ (tu)

Yoron: とぅ (tu)

Southern Ryukyuan: *to (Bentley, 2008b)

Miyako: とぅ (tu)

Yaeyama: とぅ (tu)

Yonaguni: とぅ (tu)


saya

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kunigami: 鞘 (shī)

Okinawan: 鞘 (saya)

Yoron: 鞘 (shā)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Yonaguni: 鞘 (saya)


kami

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 神 (kami)

Kunigami: 神 (khamī)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 神 (xami)

Okinawan: 神 (kami)

Okinoerabu: 神 (hamī)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 神 (kami)

Tokunoshima: 神 (kamī)

Yoron: 神 (kami)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 神 (kam)

Yaeyama: 神 (kan)

Yonaguni: 神 (kami, kan)


nada

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kunigami: 灘 (nadā /nàdǎː/)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 灘 (nada)

Okinawan: 灘 (nada /nàdà/)

From Proto-Japonic *nanta (“an ocean with strong currents that is difficult to pass through”).


kara

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: から (kara), ら (ra)

desc

Kunigami: から (khara), ちゃら (chara), ら (ra)

Northern Amami Ōshima: はら (hara), か゚ら (xara), から (kara)

Okinawan: から (kara)

Okinoerabu: から (kara)

Southern Amami Ōshima: はら (hara), か゚ら (xara), から (kara)

Tokunoshima: から (kara)

Yoron: から (kara), ちゃら (chara)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: から (kara)

Yaeyama: から (kara)

Yonaguni: がら (gara)

From Proto-Japonic *kara (“course, way”).


kara

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 辛さい, 苛さい, 鹹さい (harasai)

Kunigami: 辛ーしぇん, 苛ーしぇん, 鹹ーしぇん (harāshen)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 辛さり, 苛さり, 鹹さり (xarasari)

Okinawan: 辛さん, 苛さん, 鹹さん (karasan)

Okinoerabu: 辛さん, 苛さん, 鹹さん (harasan)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 辛ーさむっ, 苛ーさむっ, 鹹ーさむっ (karāsam)

Tokunoshima: 辛ーい, 苛ーい, 鹹ーい (karāi)

Yoron: 辛さん, 苛さん, 鹹さん (harasan)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 辛, 苛, 鹹 (kara)

Yaeyama: 辛さん, 苛さん, 鹹さん (karasan)

Yonaguni: 辛ん, 苛ん, 鹹ん (karan)

From Proto-Japonic *kara (“sharp of flavor; harsh”).


ke

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 木, 樹 (xïï, hī)

Kunigami: 木, 樹 (khī /kʰǐː/)

desc

Northern Amami Ōshima: 木, 樹 (kï, xï, xïï)

Okinawan: 木, 樹 (kī /kìː/)

Okinoerabu: 木, 樹 (hī /çǐː/)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 木, 樹 (xïï /kʰɨ̀ˑ/)

Tokunoshima: 木, 樹 (kï /kɨ́/)

Yoron: 木, 樹 (hī, shī /çǐː, ɕǐː/)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 木, 樹 (kī)

Yaeyama: 木, 樹 (kī /kíː/)

Yonaguni: 木, 樹 (kī /kìː/)


ke

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 毛 (xïï)

Kunigami: 毛 (khī /kʰíː/)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 毛 (kï, xï, xïï)

Okinawan: 毛 (kī /kîː/)

Okinoerabu: 毛 (hī /çíː/)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 毛 (xïï /kʰɨ̂ˑ/)

Tokunoshima: 毛 (kïï /kɨ́ː/)

Yoron: 毛 (shī /ɕìː/)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 毛 (kī)

Yaeyama: 毛 (kī /kîː/)

Yonaguni: 毛 (kī /kíː/)


kita

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kunigami: 北 (kita, Uka)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 北 (kita, Yamatohama, Ongachi, Yuwan)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 北 (xtā / kita, Shodon / Kushi, Yoro)

Cognate to Old Japanese 北 (KITA, “north”), but it is not clear whether this is an early loan from Old/Middle Japanese. See the reconstruction notes for further information.


we

⇒ Proto-Ryukyuan: *weke

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kunigami: 男 (yikigā)

Okinawan: 男 (wikiga)

Yoron: 男 (wuiga)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 男 (biki)

Yaeyama: 男 (bigidun)

⇒ Proto-Ryukyuan: *wekeri (“brother (from a sister)”)

Northern Ryukyuan: ゑけり (wekeri) (Omoro Sōshi, 1531)

Kikai: いぃーい (yīi)

Kunigami: うぃきー (wikī)

Northern Amami Ōshima: いぇへり (yeheri)

Okinawan: うぃきー (wikī)

Okinoerabu: いぃー (yī)

Southern Amami Ōshima: いぃひるっ (yihir)

Tokunoshima: いぃーり (yīri)

Yoron: をぅひーび (wuhībi)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: びきい゚ (bikiɿ)

Yaeyama: びぎるぃ゚ (bigirï)

Yonaguni: びぎ (bigi)

⇒ Proto-Ryukyuan: *wenga

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 男 (yinnga)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 男 (yenga)

Okinawan: 男 (yinga)

Okinoerabu: 男 (yinga)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 男 (yïnga)

Tokunoshima: 男 (yïnga)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Yonaguni: 男 (binga)


me

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 目 (mī, mïï)

Kunigami: 目 (mī)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 目 (mï)

Okinawan: 目 (mī)

Okinoerabu: 目 (mī)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 目 (mïï)

Tokunoshima: 目 (mï, mïï)

Yoron: 目 (mī)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 目 (mī)

Yaeyama: 目 (mī)

Yonaguni: 目 (mī)


make

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 負きゆい (makiyui), 負ーゆい (mēyui)

Kunigami: 負きーるん (makīrun)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 負へるり (meheruri)

Okinawan: 負きゆん (makiyun)

Okinoerabu: 負きゆん (makiyun)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 負へぇゆむっ (mïhëyum)

Tokunoshima: 負ぇりぃ (mëërï)

Yoron: 負いゆん (maiyun)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 負き (maki)

Yaeyama: 負きるん (makirun)

Yonaguni: 負ぎるん (magirun)


era

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kunigami: 刺, 莿, 苛 (irā)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 刺, 莿, 苛 ('yera)

Okinawan: 刺, 莿, 苛 (īrā)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 刺, 莿, 苛 (ira)

Yoron: 刺, 莿, 苛 (ira)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 刺, 莿, 苛 (ira)

Yaeyama: 刺, 莿, 苛 (ira)

Yonaguni: 刺, 莿, 苛 (ira)

From Proto-Japonic *era (“thorn; jellyfish”).


katana

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 刀 (hatana)

Kunigami: 刀 (hatāna)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 刀 (xaθana)

Okinawan: 刀 (katana)

Okinoerabu: 刀 (hatana)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 刀 (xatna)

Tokunoshima: 刀 (katana)

Yoron: 刀 (hatana)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 刀 (katana)

Yaeyama: 刀 (katana)

Yonaguni: 刀 (katana)


sake

Northern Ryukyuan: 사긔 (/sa.kɨi/) (Haytong Ceykwukki, 1501)

Kikai: 酒 (sē)

Kunigami: 酒 (sakī)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 酒 (sehe)

Okinawan: 酒 (saki)

Okinoerabu: 酒 (saki)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 酒 (sëhë)

Tokunoshima: 酒 (sakë)

Yoron: 酒 (sai)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 酒 (saki)

Yaeyama: 酒 (saki)

Yonaguni: 酒 (sagi)

From Proto-Japonic *sakay (“rice wine, sake”).


ore

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 下りゆい, 降りゆい (uriyui)

Kunigami: 下りるん, 降りるん (urirun)

desc

Northern Amami Ōshima: 下りぃるり, 降りぃるり (urïruri)

Okinawan: 下りゆん, 降りゆん (uriyun)

Okinoerabu: 下りゆん, 降りゆん (uriyun)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 下りゆむっ, 降りゆむっ (uriyum), 下りぃゆむっ, 降りぃゆむっ (urïyum)

Tokunoshima: 下りぃりぃ, 降りぃりぃ (urïrï)

Yoron: 下りゅん, 降りゅん (uryun)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 下りーㇲ゙, 降りーㇲ゙ (urīz)

Yaeyama: 下りん, 降りん (urin), 下りるん, 降りるん (urirun)

Yonaguni: 下りるん, 降りるん (urirun)


kata

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 堅さい, 硬さい, 固さい, 難さい (hatasai)

Kunigami: 堅ーしぇん, 硬ーしぇん, 固ーしぇん, 難ーしぇん (hatāshen)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 堅さり, 硬さり, 固さり, 難さり (xaθasari)

Okinawan: 堅さん, 硬さん, 固さん, 難さん (katasan)

Okinoerabu: 堅さん, 硬さん, 固さん, 難さん (hatasan)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 堅さむっ, 硬さむっ, 固さむっ, 難さむっ (katasam)

Tokunoshima: 堅ーはい, 硬ーはい, 固ーはい, 難ーはい (katāhai)

Yoron: 堅さん, 硬さん, 固さん, 難さん (hatasan)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 堅, 硬, 固, 難 (kata)

Yaeyama: 堅さん, 硬さん, 固さん, 難さん (katasan)

Yonaguni: 堅ん, 硬ん, 固ん, 難ん (katan)

From Proto-Japonic *kata (“hard, difficult”).


obi

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 箍 (ubi), 帯 (ubi, obi)

Kunigami: 箍 (ubī)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 帯 (ubi)

Okinawan: 箍 (ubi), 帯 (ūbi)

Okinoerabu: 箍 (ubi), 帯 (ubī)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 帯 (ubï)

Tokunoshima: 箍 (ubi), 帯 (obi)

Yoron: 箍 (ubi)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 箍 (ubzï)

Yaeyama: 帯, 箍 (ubï)

Yonaguni: 箍 (ubī)

From Proto-Japonic *ənpi (“obi, sashk, girdle”).


yu

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 湯 (yū)

Kunigami: 湯 (yū)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 湯 (yū)

Okinawan: 湯 (yū)

Okinoerabu: 湯 (yū)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 湯 (yū)

Tokunoshima: 湯 (yū)

Yoron: 湯 (yū)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 湯 (yū)

Yaeyama: 湯 (yū)

Yonaguni: 湯 (du, dū)


mu

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 六 (mū)

Kunigami: 六 (mū)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 六 (mū)

Okinawan: 六 (mū)

Okinoerabu: 六 (mū)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 六 (mū)

Tokunoshima: 六 (mū)

Yoron: 六 (mū)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 六 (m)

Yaeyama: 六 (mū)

Yonaguni: 六 (mū)


ta

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 田 (tā)

Kunigami: 田 (thā)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 田 (θa)

Okinawan: 田 (tā)

Okinoerabu: 田 (tā)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 田 (tā)

Tokunoshima: 田 (tā)

Yoron: 田 (tā)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 田 (tā)

Yaeyama: 田 (tā)

Yonaguni: 田 (tā)


ni

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: に (ni)

Kunigami: に (ni)

Northern Amami Ōshima: に (ni)

Okinawan: に (ni)

Okinoerabu: に (ni)

Southern Amami Ōshima: に (ni)

Tokunoshima: に (ni)

Yoron: に (ni)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: ん (n)

Yaeyama: に (ni)

Yonaguni: に (ni)

From Proto-Japonic *ni (“locative marker”).


ga

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: が (ga)

Kunigami: が (ga)

Northern Amami Ōshima: が (ga)

Okinawan: が (ga)

Okinoerabu: が (ga)

Southern Amami Ōshima: が (ga)

Tokunoshima: が (ga)

Yoron: が (ga)

Southern Ryukyuan

Miyako: が (ga)

Yaeyama: が (ga)

Yonaguni: か゚ (ng'a)

From Proto-Japonic *-nka (“genitive marker (in pronouns)”).


pe

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 屁 (pïï)

Kunigami: 屁 (pī)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 屁 (fï, fïï)

Okinawan: 屁 (fī)

Okinoerabu: 屁 (hī)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 屁 (fï, fïï)

Tokunoshima: 屁 (fïï, fuï)

Yoron: 屁 (pī)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 屁 (pī)

Yaeyama: 屁 (pī)

Yonaguni: 屁 (hī)

From Proto-Japonic *pya (“flatus, fart”).


ne

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 荷 (nī)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 荷 (ni)

Okinoerabu: 荷 (nī)

Middle Okinawan: 荷 (NI) (Ryūka Gikyoku)

Kunigami: 荷 (nī)

Okinawan: 荷 (ni)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 荷 (nïï)

Tokunoshima: 荷 (nï)

Yoron: 荷 (nī)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 荷 (n, nī)

Yaeyama: 荷 (nī)

Yonaguni: 荷 (nī)

From Proto-Japonic *nəi (“baggage, cargo, load”).


tu

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kunigami: 鉤 (chī /tɕíː/)

Okinawan: 鉤 (tsī /tsîː ~ tɕîː/)

Okinoerabu: 鉤 (chī /tɕíː/)

Yoron: 鉤 (chī /tɕìː/)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 鉤 (tsïï)

Yaeyama: 鉤 (tsïï /tsɨ̂ː/)

Yonaguni: 鉤 (chi)

From Proto-Japonic *tui (“fishhook”). Evidence points to a back vowel, not a front vowel for proto-Ryukyuan.


ti

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 血 (chī)

Kunigami: 血 (chī /tɕíː/)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 血 (chī)

Okinawan: 血 (chī /tɕîː/)

Okinoerabu: 血 (chī /tɕíː/)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 血 (chī /tɕîː/)

Tokunoshima: 血 (tsïï /tsˀɨ́ː/)

Yoron: 血 (chī /tɕìː/)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 血 (tsïï)

Yaeyama: 血 (tsïï /tsɨ̂ː/)

Yonaguni: 血 (chī /tɕˀíː/)


ti

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 乳 (chī)

desc

tɕĭː, tɕìːtɕîː

Kunigami: 乳 (chī, chīchī /tɕĭː, tɕìːtɕîː/)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 乳 (chī)

tɕìː, tɕìːtɕìː

Okinawan: 乳 (chī, chīchī /tɕìː, tɕìːtɕìː/)

Okinoerabu: 乳 (chī /tɕˀĭː/)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 乳 (chī /tɕìː/)

Tokunoshima: 乳 (tsïï /tsˀɨ̂ː/)

Yoron: 乳 (chī /tɕĭː/)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 乳 (tsïï)

Yaeyama: 乳 (tsïï /tsɨ́ː/)

Yonaguni: 乳 (chī /tɕˀìː/)


pisa

Northern Ryukyuan: 피샤 (/pʰi.sja/) (Haytong Ceykwukki, 1501)

Kunigami: 足 (phisā)

Okinawan: 足 (fisa)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 足 (psïsa)

Yaeyama: 足 (psïsa)

From Proto-Japonic *pisa (“foot, leg; knee”).


ika

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 烏賊 (ixa)

Kunigami: 烏賊 (hichā)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 烏賊 (ixya)

Okinawan: 烏賊 (icha, ika)

Okinoerabu: 烏賊 (ikyā)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 烏賊 (ikya)

Tokunoshima: 烏賊 (ikyā)

Yoron: 烏賊 (icha)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 烏賊 (ikya)

Yaeyama: 烏賊 (ika)

Yonaguni: 烏賊 (ika, ita)


pa

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai:

Aden: 葉 (pā) (tone class AB)

Araki: 葉 (hā) (tone class AB)

Kamikatetsu: 葉 (hā) (tone class AB)

Nakasato: 葉 (hā) (tone class AB)

Onotsu: 葉 (pā) (tone class A)

Sakamine: 葉 (pā, fā) (tone class AB)

Shiomichi: 葉 (pā) (tone class AB)

Shitōke: 葉 (pā) (tone class A)

Wan: 葉 (hā) (tone class AB)

Kunigami:

Hentona: 葉 (fā)

Iejima: 葉 (phā)

Nago: 葉 (phā) (tone class A)

Nakijin: 葉 (phā) (tone class A)

Sakimotobu: 葉 (phā) (tone class A)

Northern Amami Ōshima:

Naze: 葉 (ha) (tone class AB)

Yuwan: 葉 (hā) (tone class A)

Okinawan:

Naha: 葉 (fā)

Shuri: 葉 (fā) (tone class A)

Okinoerabu:

Kamishiro: 葉 (fā) (tone class A)

Serikaku: 葉 (fā)

Tetechina: 葉 (fā)

Southern Amami Ōshima:

Koniya: 葉 (fā)

Shodon: 葉 (fā) (tone class A)

Tokunoshima:

Kametsu: 葉 (hā) (tone class A)

Matsubara: 葉 (hā) (tone class A)

San: 葉 (ha) (tone class A)

Yoron: 葉 (pā) (tone class A)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako:

Bora: 葉 (pā)

Hirara: 葉 (pā) (tone class AB)

Ikema: 葉 (hā) (tone class B)

Irabu: 葉 (pā)

Karimata: 葉 (pā)

Kuninaka: 葉 (pā)

Minna: 葉 (pā) (tone class B)

Nobaru: 葉 (pā)

Ōgami: 葉 (pā) (tone class AB)

Ōura: 葉 (pā) (tone class AB)

Sawada: 葉 (pā)

Shimajiri: 葉 (pā)

Tarama: 葉 (pā) (tone class B)

Uechi: 葉 (pā)

Yaeyama:

Hateruma: 葉 (pā) (tone class A)

Hatoma: 葉 (pā)

Ishigaki: 葉 (pā) (tone class A)

Kohama: 葉 (pā)

Kuroshima: 葉 (pā)

Sonai: 葉 (pā)

Taketomi: 葉 (pā) (tone class A)

Yonaguni: 葉 (hā) (tone class A)


pa

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai:

Aden: 歯 (pā) (tone class AB)

Araki: 歯 (hā) (tone class AB)

Kamikatetsu: 歯 (hā) (tone class AB)

Nakasato: 歯 (hā) (tone class AB)

Onotsu: 歯 (pā) (tone class B)

Sakamine: 歯 (pā, fā) (tone class AB)

Shiomichi: 歯 (pā) (tone class AB)

Shitōke: 歯 (pā) (tone class B)

Wan: 歯 (hā) (tone class AB)

Kunigami:

Nakijin: 歯 (phā) (tone class B)

Northern Amami Ōshima:

Naze: 歯 (ha) (tone class AB)

Yuwan: 歯 (hā) (tone class B)

Okinawan:

Naha: 歯 (hā)

Shuri: 歯 (hā) (tone class B)

Okinoerabu:

Ashikiyora: 歯 (fā)

Kamihirakawa: 歯 (fā) (tone class B)

Kamishiro: 歯 (fā) (tone class B)

Kunigami: 歯 (fā) (tone class B)

Tamina: 歯 (fā)

Wadomari: 歯 (fā)

Southern Amami Ōshima:

Shodon: 歯 (fā) (tone class B)

Tokunoshima:

Asama: 歯 (hā)

Kametsu: 葉 (hā) (tone class B)

Yoron: 歯 (pā) (tone class B)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako:

Bora: 歯 (pā)

Hirara: 歯 (pā)

Ikema: 歯 (hā) (tone class B)

Irabu: 歯 (pā)

Karimata: 歯 (pā)

Kugai: 歯 (pā)

Kurima: 歯 (pā)

Minna: 歯 (pā) (tone class B)

Nobaru: 歯 (pā)

Ōgami: 歯 (pā)

Ōura: 歯 (pā) (tone class AB)

Sarahama: 歯 (hā)

Shimajiri: 歯 (pā)

Tarama: 歯 (pā) (tone class B)

Uechi: 歯 (pā)

Uruka: 歯 (pā)

Yonaha: 歯 (pā) (tone class AB)

Yaeyama:

Hatoma: 歯 (pā) (tone class B)

Ishigaki: 歯 (pā) (tone class B)

Yonaguni: 歯 (hā) (tone class B)


se

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 瀬, 湍 (shī)

Kunigami: 瀬, 湍 (sïï /ɕĭː/)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 瀬, 湍 (shī)

Okinawan: 瀬, 湍 (shī /ɕîː/)

Okinoerabu: 瀬, 湍 (shī /ɕĭː/)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 瀬, 湍 (sïï /ɕĭː/)

Tokunoshima: 瀬, 湍 (shïï /ɕɨ́ː/) (Asama dialect)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 瀬, 湍 (shī)


in-

Northern Ryukyuan: *in-i-te > *iⁿdʑi

Kikai: いじ (iji)

Kunigami: いじ (iji)

Northern Amami Ōshima: いじ (iji)

Okinawan: っんじ ('nji)

Okinoerabu: いじ (iji)

Southern Amami Ōshima: いじ (iji)

Tokunoshima: いじ (iji)

Yoron: いじ (iji)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: んなイ (nnaz) (< *in-ari)


si

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kunigami: すん (sun)

Northern Amami Ōshima: しゅり (shuri)

Okinawan: すん (sun)

Southern Amami Ōshima: しゅむっ (shum)

Yoron: しゅん (shun)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: しぃ (sï), っしぃ (ssï)

Yaeyama: しぃん (sïn), しぃーん (sïïn)

From Proto-Japonic *su (“to become, happen, occur; to do”).


tuna

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 綱 (cuna)

Kunigami: 綱 (chinā)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 綱 (tsïna)

Okinawan: 綱 (china)

Okinoerabu: 綱 (chinā)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 綱 (θïna)

Tokunoshima: 綱 (tsïna)

Yoron: 綱 (china)

Southern Ryukyuan

Miyako: 綱 (tsïna)

Yaeyama: 綱 (tsïna)

Yonaguni: 綱 (nna)


agi

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kunigami: 鰓 (ajī /ʔàdʑíː/)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 鰓 (agi)

Okinawan: 鰓 (aji /ʔádʑì/)

Yoron: 鰓, 口蓋 (agi /àgì/)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 口蓋 (agzï)

Yaeyama: 口蓋 (ai /ʔáì/)

desc

Yonaguni: 鰓 (adi), 鰓骨 (adibuni /àdíbúní/)


Northern Ryukyuan: 나 (/na/) (Haytong Ceykwukki, 1501)

Kikai:

Aden: 名 (nā) (tone class AB)

Araki: 名 (nā) (tone class AB)

Kamikatetsu: 名 (nā) (tone class AB)

Nakasato: 名 (nā) (tone class AB)

Onotsu: 名 (nā) (tone class A)

Sakamine: 名 (nā) (tone class AB)

Shiomichi: 名 (nā) (tone class AB)

Shitōke: 名 (nā) (tone class A)

Wan: 名 (nā) (tone class AB)

Kunigami:

Iejima: 名 (nā)

Iheya: 名 (nā)

Izena: 名 (nā)

Hentona: 名 (nā)

Kudaka: 名 (nā)

Nago: 名 (nā)

Nakijin: 名 (nā) (tone class A)

Sakimotobu: 名 (nā)

Sumuide: 名 (nā)

Northern Amami Ōshima:

Naze: 名 (na) (tone class AB)

Yuwan: 名 (nā)

Okinawan:

Naha: 名 (nā)

Shuri: 名 (nā) (tone class A)

Okinoerabu:

Kamihirakawa: 名 (nā) (tone class A)

Kamishiro: 名 (nā) (tone class A)

Kunigami: 名 (nā) (tone class A)

Serikaku: 名 (nā)

Tetechina: 名 (nā)

Wadomari: 名 (nā)

Southern Amami Ōshima:

Koniya: 名 (nā)

Shodon: 名 (nā) (tone class A)

Tokunoshima:

Asama: 名 (nā)

Inō: 名 (nā)

Kametsu: 名 (nā) (tone class A)

San: 名 (nā)

Yoron: 名 (nā) (tone class A)

Southern Ryukyuan: *na (tone class A) (Bentley, 2008)

Miyako:

Aragusuku: 名 (nā)

Bora: 名 (nā)

Fukuzato: 名 (nā)

Higa: 名 (nā)

Hirara: 名 (nā)

Ikema: 名 (nā) (tone class B)

Irabu: 名 (nā)

Karimata: 名 (nā)

Kugai: 名 (nā)

Kuninaka: 名 (nā)

Kurima: 名 (nā)

Minna: 名 (nā) (tone class A)

Miyaguni: 名 (nā)

Nagahama: 名 (nā)

Nagama: 名 (nā)

Nakachi: 名 (nā)

Nishihigashi: 名 (nā)

Nishizato: 名 (nā)

Nobaru: 名 (nā)

Ōgami: 名 (nā)

Ōura: 名 (nā)

Sarahama: 名 (nā)

Sawada: 名 (nā)

Shimajiri: 名 (nā)

Shimozato: 名 (nā)

Sunagawa: 名 (nā)

Uechi: 名 (nā)

Tarama: 名 (nā) (tone class A)

Tomori: 名 (nā)

Uechi: 名 (nā)

Uruka: 名 (nā)

Yonaha: 名 (nā) (tone class AB)

Yaeyama:

Aragusuku: 名 (nā)

Hateruma: 名 (nan) (tone class A)

Hatoma: 名 (nā)

Ishigaki: 名 (nā) (tone class A)

Kohama: 名 (nā)

Kuroshima: 名 (nā)

Sonai: 名 (nā) (tone class A)

Taketomi: 名 (nā)

Yonaguni: 名 (nā) (tone class A)


Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai:

Araki: 菜 (nā) (tone class AB)

Onotsu: 菜 (nā) (tone class A)

Shitōke: 菜 (nā) (tone class BC)

Kunigami:

Nakijin: 菜 (nā) (tone class B)

Northern Amami Ōshima:

Naze: 菜 (na) (tone class AB)

Okinawan:

Naha: 菜 (nā)

Shuri: 菜 (nā) (tone class B)

Okinoerabu:

Kamihirakawa: 菜 (nā) (tone class B)

Kunigami: 菜 (nā) (tone class B)

Southern Amami Ōshima:

Shodon: 菜 (nā) (tone class B)

Tokunoshima:

Asama: 菜 (nā) (tone class B)

Yoron: 菜 (nā) (tone class B)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako:

Bora: 菜 (nā)

Hirara: 菜 (nā)

Irabu: 菜 (nā)

Nobaru: 菜 (nā)

Sawada: 菜 (nā)

Sunagawa: 菜 (nā)

Yaeyama:

Ishigaki: 菜 (nā) (tone class B)

Hateruma: 菜 (nan) (tone class B)

Yonaguni: 菜 (nā) (tone class B)


iso

Northern Ryukyuan:

Northern Amami Ōshima: 磯 (isho)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 磯 (isho /ʔìɕôˑ/)

⇒ Yoron: 磯端 (ishubata /ʔìɕùbàtà/) (< *iso-bata)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 磯 (isu)

Yaeyama: 磯 (ishu /ʔíɕú/)

Yonaguni: 磯 (isu)

Cognate with Japanese 磯 (iso, “rocky shore”).


ado

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: あどぅ (adu)

Kunigami: あどぅー (adū)

Northern Amami Ōshima: あど (ado)

Okinawan: あどぅ (adu)

Okinoerabu: あーどぅー (ādū)

Southern Amami Ōshima: あど (ado)

Tokunoshima: あどぅ (adu)

Yoron: あどぅ (adu)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: あどぅ (adu)

Yaeyama: あどぅ (adu)

Yonaguni: あどぅびら (adubira)


pera

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai:

Aden: 箆 (pira) (tone class C)

Nakasato: 箆 (hira) (tone class C)

Sakamine: 箆 (pira) (tone class C)

Shitōke: 箆 (pira, fira) (tone class BC)

Kunigami:

Iejima: 箆 (phira) (tone class AC)

Iheya: 箆 (firā)

Izena: 箆 (firā)

Kudaka: 箆 (pira)

Nago: 箆 (phira)

Nakijin: 箆 (phirā) (tone class C)

Oku: 箆 (hiya)

Sumuide: 箆 (pira)

Northern Amami Ōshima:

Naze: 箆 (fëra) (tone class C)

Sani: 箆 (pïra)

Yamatohama: 箆 (fera)

Okinawan:

Ishikawa: 箆 (fīra) (tone class C)

Shuri: 箆 (fīra) (tone class C)

Okinoerabu:

Serikaku: 箆 (hira)

Tetechina: 箆 (hira)

Southern Amami Ōshima:

Koniya: 箆 (fira)

Tokunoshima:

Asama: 箆 (fïïra) (tone class C)

Inō: 箆 (fïra)

Kametsu: 箆 (fuïda)

Yoron: 箆 (pira) (tone class C)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako:

Bora: 箆 (pira)

Hirara: 箆 (pira)

Ikema: 箆 (hira) (tone class C)

Irabu: 箆 (pira)

Karimata: 箆 (pira)

Kuninaka: 箆 (pira)

Nobaru: 箆 (pira)

Ōgami: 箆 (pira)

Ōura: 箆 (pira)

Shimajiri: 箆 (pira)

Tarama: 箆 (pira) (tone class C)

Yaeyama:

Hateruma: 箆 (pira) (tone class BC)

Hatoma: 箆 (pira)

Ishigaki: 箆 (pira) (tone class BC)

Kohama: 箆 (pira)

Kuroshima: 箆 (pira)

Sonai: 箆 (pira)

Yonaguni: 箆 (hira) (tone class C)


sata

Northern Ryukyuan: *sata, *sataa, *saataa

Kikai: 砂糖 (satā)

Kunigami: 砂糖 (sātā /sàːtâː/)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 砂糖 (saθa)

Okinawan: 砂糖 (sātā /sàːtàː/)

Okinoerabu: 砂糖 (sata /sàtâ/)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 砂糖 (sta /stàˑ/)

Tokunoshima: 砂糖 (satta /sàQtá/)

Yoron: 砂糖 (sata /sátá/)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 砂糖 (sātā)

Yaeyama: 砂糖 (sattā /sáQtáː/)

Yonaguni: 砂糖 (sata /sàtâ/)


kaki

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 掻ちゅい, 書ちゅい (kachui)

Kunigami: 掻ちゅん, 書ちゅん (hachun)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 掻きゅり, 書きゅり (kakyuri)

Okinawan: 掻ちゅん, 書ちゅん (kachun)

Okinoerabu: 掻きゅん, 書きゅん (kakyun)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 掻きゅむっ, 書きゅむっ (kakyum)

Tokunoshima: 掻きぃ, 書きぃ (kakï)

Yoron: 掻きゅん, 書きゅん (kakyun)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 掻きぃ, 書きぃ (kaksï)

Yaeyama: 掻くん, 書くん (kakun)

Yonaguni: 掻ぐん, 書ぐん (kagun)

From Proto-Japonic *kaku (“to scratch; to write”).


tera

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 寺 (tira)

Kunigami: 寺 (thirā)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 寺 (θïra)

Okinawan: 寺 (tira)

Okinoerabu: 寺 (tira)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 寺 (θira)

Tokunoshima: 寺 (tera)

Yoron: 寺 (tira)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 寺 (tira)

Yaeyama: 寺 (tira)

Yonaguni: 寺 (tira)


sai

Northern Ryukyuan:

desc

Kunigami: しぇー (shē /ɕɛ̂ː/, “Paratya compressa”, tone class C)

Northern Amami Ōshima: さい (sai, “small shrimp”)

Okinawan: せー (sē /séː/, “grasshopper”), せーぐぁー (sēgwā /séːgwáː/), しらせー (shirasē /ɕíɾáséː/, “crawfish”)

Yoron: さい (sai /sàí/, “giant clam”, tone class B)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako:

Ikema: さい (sai, “shrimp”)

Nishihara: さい (sai, “shrimp”, tone class C)

Irabu:

Nagahama: さイ゚ (/saɿ/, “shrimp”)

Nakachi: さイ゚ (/saɿ/, “shrimp”)

Tarama: しゃイ゚ (/ɕaɿ/, “shrimp”)

Nakasuji: しゃイ゚ (/ɕaɿ/, “shrimp”, tone class A)

Minna: さい (/sai/, “shrimp”, tone class B)

Minaai: さイ゚ (/saɿ/, “shrimp”)

Uruka: さイ゚ (/saɿ/, “shrimp”)

Yaeyama:

⇒ Ishigaki (Shika): さいなー (sainā /sáínáː/, “crawfish”, tone class BC)

Taketomi: さい (/səi/, “shrimp, crawfish”), さいなー (/səinā/, “river shrimp”)

Compare Middle Korean 사ᄫᅵ〮 (sàWí) (Celik 2024:unicog_v1.xlsx, entry 3783).


oni

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 鬼 (oni, uni)

Kunigami: 鬼 (unī)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 鬼 (umi)

Okinawan: 鬼 (uni)

Okinoerabu: 鬼 (unī)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 鬼 (unï)

Tokunoshima: 鬼 (unī)

Yoron: 鬼 (uni)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 鬼 (un)

Yaeyama: 鬼 (un)

Yonaguni: 鬼 (un)

From Proto-Japonic *əni (“ghost; demon, ogre”).


pane

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 羽 (panï)

Kunigami: 羽 (phanī)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 羽 (hane)

Okinawan: 羽 (hani)

Okinoerabu: 羽 (hani)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 羽 (hanï)

Tokunoshima: 羽 (hanï)

Yoron: 羽 (pani)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 羽 (pani)

Yaeyama: 羽 (pani)

Yonaguni: 羽 (hani)


nono

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 布 (nunu)

Kunigami: 布 (nūnū)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 布 (nono)

Okinawan: 布 (nunu)

Okinoerabu: 布 (nunu)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 布 (nuno)

Tokunoshima: 布 (noro)

Yoron: 布 (nunu)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 布 (nunu)

Yaeyama: 布 (nunu)

Yonaguni: 布 (nunu)


kura

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kunigami: 暗せん (kurāsen)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 暗さり (kurasari)

Okinawan: 暗さん (kurasan)

Okinoerabu: 暗さん (kurasan)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 暗さむっ (xurāsam)

Tokunoshima: 暗い (kurāi)

Yoron: 暗さん (kurasan)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 暗 (ffa)

Yaeyama: 暗さん (ffasan)


kura

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 子 (kwa, ka)

Kunigami: 子 (kwā)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 子 (kwa)

Okinawan: 子 (kkwa)

Okinoerabu: 子 (kwā)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 子 (kwā)

Tokunoshima: 子 (kwa, kwā)

Yoron: 子 (kwa)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 子 (ffa)

Yaeyama: 子 (fā)

Yonaguni: 子 (hā)

From Proto-Japonic *kora (“children; child”).


kani

Northern Ryukyuan: *gani

Kikai: 蟹 (gani, gaī)

Kunigami: 蟹 (gai)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 蟹 (gan)

Okinawan: 蟹 (gani)

Okinoerabu: 蟹 (gani)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 蟹 (gan)

Tokunoshima: 蟹 (gani)

Yoron: 蟹 (gan)

Southern Ryukyuan: *kani, *gani

Miyako: 蟹 (gan)

Yaeyama: 蟹 (kan)

Yonaguni: 蟹 (kanna) (< *kaniCa)


toki

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 時 (tuki)

Kunigami: 時 (tuchī)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 時 (θuki)

Okinawan: 時 (tuchi)

Okinoerabu: 時 (tuki)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 時 (tuk) (Koniya dialect)

Tokunoshima: 時 (tuki)

Yoron: 時 (tuki) (Chabana dialect)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 時 (tuksï)

Yaeyama: 時 (tuksï)

Yonaguni: 時 (tuti)


puka

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 深さい (kwasai, kasai)

Kunigami: 深しぇん (pukāshen)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 深さり (fukasari)

Okinawan: 深さん (fukasan)

Okinoerabu: 深さん (fukasan)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 深ーさむっ (fukāsam)

Tokunoshima: 深ーい (fukāi)

Yoron: 深さん (pukasan)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 深 (fuka)

Yaeyama: 深さん (fukasan)

Yonaguni: 深ん (kān)


ira

Northern Ryukyuan: *eya

Kunigami: いやー (iyā /ʔìjáː/)

Okinawan: いや (iya /ʔìjà/)

Southern Ryukyuan: *ira, *eya

Miyako: ずざ (zïza)

Yaeyama: いーやー (īyā /ʔíːjáː/)


mono

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 物 (munu)

Kunigami: 物 (munū)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 物 (mun)

Okinawan: 物 (munu, mun)

Okinoerabu: 物 (munu)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 物 (mun)

Tokunoshima: 物 (mun)

Yoron: 物 (munu)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 物 (munu)

Yaeyama: 物 (munu)

Yonaguni: 物 (munu)


ero

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 色 (iru)

Kunigami: 色 (irū)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 色 (iru)

Okinawan: 色 (iru)

Okinoerabu: 色 (irū)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 色 (iryu)

Tokunoshima: 色 (iru)

Yoron: 色 (iru)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 色 (iru)

Yaeyama: 色 (iru)

Yonaguni: 色 (iru)


tora

Northern Ryukyuan: 它喇 (tora) (Liúqiú guăn yìyŭ, 1469–1470)

Kikai: 虎 (tura) (in compounds)

Kunigami: 虎 (thurā)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 虎 (θora)

Okinawan: 虎 (tura)

Okinoerabu: 虎 (tura) (in compounds)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 虎 (θura, θurā)

Tokunoshima: 虎 (turā)

Yoron: 虎 (tura)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 虎 (tura)

Yaeyama: 虎 (tura)

Yonaguni: 虎 (tura)


kiki

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 聞きゅい, 聴きゅい (kikyui)

Kunigami: 聞ちゅん, 聴ちゅん (hichun, shichun)

desc

Northern Amami Ōshima: 聞きゅり, 聴きゅり (kikyuri)

Okinawan: 聞ちゅん, 聴ちゅん (chichun)

Okinoerabu: 聞きゅん, 聴きゅん (kikyun)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 聞きゅむっ, 聴きゅむっ (xixyum)

Tokunoshima: 聞き, 聴き (kiki)

Yoron: 聞きゅん, 聴きゅん (kikyun)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 聞きぃ, 聴きぃ (ksïksï)

Yaeyama: 聞くん, 聴くん (sïkun)

Yonaguni: 聞ん, 聴ん (kkun)

From Proto-Japonic *kiku (“to hear, listen”).


kama

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 竈, 釜, 窯, 罐, 缶 (hama)

hàmáː, hàmáːdù

Kunigami: 竈, 釜, 窯, 罐, 缶 (hamā, hamādu /hàmáː, hàmáːdù/)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 竈, 釜, 窯, 罐, 缶 (xama, xamado)

Okinawan: 竈, 釜, 窯, 罐, 缶 (kama /kámà/)

hàmáː, hàmádú

Okinoerabu: 竈, 釜, 窯, 罐, 缶 (hamā, hamadu /hàmáː, hàmádú/)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 竈, 釜, 窯, 罐, 缶 (xama /kʰàmâˑ/)

Tokunoshima: 竈, 釜, 窯, 罐, 缶 (kama /kàmá/)

Yoron: 竈, 釜, 窯, 罐, 缶 (hama /hàmà/)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 竈, 釜, 窯, 罐, 缶 (kama)

Yaeyama: 竈, 釜, 窯, 罐, 缶 (kama /kámà/)

Yonaguni: 竈, 釜, 窯, 罐, 缶 (kamadu /kʰàmádú/)

From Proto-Japonic *kama (“hearth, stove”).


su

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 巣 (sū)

Kunigami: 巣 (shī)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 巣 (sï, shi)

Okinawan: 巣 (shī)

Okinoerabu: 巣 (shī)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 巣 (sïï)

Tokunoshima: 巣 (sïï)

Yoron: 巣 (shī)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 巣 (sïï)

Yaeyama: 巣 (sïï)

Yonaguni: 巣 (chī)


su

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kunigami: 酢 (shī)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 酢 (shi, sïï)

Okinawan: 酢 (shī)

Okinoerabu: 酢 (shī)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 酢 (sïï)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 酢 (sïï)

Yaeyama: 酢 (sïï)


yo

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 四 (yū-)

Kunigami: 四 (yū-)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 四 (yū-)

Okinawan: 四 (yū-)

Okinoerabu: 四 (yū-)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 四 (yū-)

Tokunoshima: 四 (yū-)

Yoron: 四 (yū-)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 四 (yū-)

Yaeyama: 四 (yū-)

Yonaguni: 四 (dū-)


yo

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 夜 (yū)

Kunigami: 夜 (yū)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 夜 (yū)

Okinawan: 夜 (yū)

Okinoerabu: 夜 (yū)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 夜 (yū)

Tokunoshima: 夜 (yū)

Yoron: 夜 (yū)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 夜 (yū)

Yaeyama: 夜 (yū)

Yonaguni: 夜 (dū)


yo

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 世 (yū)

Kunigami: 世 (yū)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 世 (yū)

Okinawan: 世 (yū)

Okinoerabu: 世 (yū)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 世 (yū)

Tokunoshima: 世 (yū)

Yoron: 世 (yū)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 世 (yū)

Yaeyama: 世 (yū)

Yonaguni: 世 (dū)


paya

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 早さい, 速さい, 疾さい, 捷さい (pëësai)

Kunigami: 早しぇん, 速しぇん, 疾しぇん, 捷しぇん (phēshen)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 早っさり, 速っさり, 疾っさり, 捷っさり (fessari)

Okinawan: 早さん, 速さん, 疾さん, 捷さん (fēsan)

Okinoerabu: 早さん, 速さん, 疾さん, 捷さん (hēsan)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 早さむっ, 速さむっ, 疾さむっ, 捷さむっ (fëësam)

Tokunoshima: 早い, 速い, 疾い, 捷い (fëëi)

Yoron: 早さん, 速さん, 疾さん, 捷さん (pēsan)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 早, 速, 疾, 捷 (pyā)

Yaeyama: 早さい, 速さい, 疾さい, 捷さい (paisan)

Yonaguni: 早ん, 速ん, 疾ん, 捷ん (hayan)

From Proto-Japonic *paya (“early, quick”).


-na

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: な (na)

Kunigami: な (na)

Northern Amami Ōshima: な (na)

Okinawan: な (na)

Okinoerabu: な (na)

Southern Amami Ōshima: な (na)

Tokunoshima: な (na)

Yoron: な (na)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: な (na)

Yaeyama: な (na)

Yonaguni: な (na)

From Proto-Japonic *na (“no, not; don't”).


ita

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 板 (ita)

Kunigami: 板 (hichā)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 板 (iθa, icha)

Okinawan: 板 (ita, icha)

Okinoerabu: 板 (ïtcha)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 板 (iθa)

Tokunoshima: 板 (ica)

Yoron: 板 (icha)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 板 (itsa) (possibly from Okinawan)

Yaeyama: 板 (ita)

Yonaguni: 板 (ita)

From Proto-Japonic *ita (“board, plank”).


ita

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kunigami: 痛ーせん, 甚ーせん (hichāsen)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 痛さり, 甚さり (ichasari)

Okinawan: 痛さん, 甚さん (ichasan)

Okinoerabu: みー痛ーさん, みー痛ーさん (mīchasan)


nana

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 七 (nana)

Kunigami: 七 (nana)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 七 (nana)

Okinawan: 七 (nana)

Okinoerabu: 七 (nana)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 七 (nana)

Tokunoshima: 七 (nana)

Yoron: 七 (nana)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 七 (nana)

Yaeyama: 七 (nana)

Yonaguni: 七 (nana)


ma

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 間 (ma)

Kunigami: 間 (ma)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 間 (ma)

Okinawan: 間 (ma)

Okinoerabu: 間 (ma)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 間 (ma)

Tokunoshima: 間 (ma)

Yoron: 間 (ma)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 間 (ma)

Yaeyama: 間 (ma)

Yonaguni: 間 (ma)


sora

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: っすら (ssura)

Kunigami: すらー (surā /súɾàː/)

⇒? Northern Amami Ōshima: そらふ (sorafu, “whitlow (on top of a finger)”)

Okinawan: すーら (sūra /súːɾá/)

Okinoerabu: すら (sura /sùɾâ/)

Tokunoshima: しゅら (sura /ɕúɾà/)

Yoron: すら (sura /súɾá/)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: すら (sura)

Yaeyama: すら (sura /súɾá/)

Yonaguni: すら (sura /sùɾâ/)

From Proto-Japonic *sora (“sky”).
Igarashi (2022) considers the meaning of this item to be "treetop" and the modern languages reflect this meaning, stating "… pR *sora does not have a meaning ‘sky,’ which is indicated instead by a Chinese loan pR *ten A." The modern forms with the meaning "sky" can probably be reasonably regarded as Japanese loanwords.


sima

Northern Ryukyuan: 시마 (/si.ma/) (Haytong Ceykwukki, 1501)

Kikai: 島 (shima)

Kunigami: 島 (shimā)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 島 (shima)

Okinawan: 島 (shima)

Okinoerabu: 島 (shima)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 島 (shima)

Tokunoshima: 島 (sïma)

Yoron: 島 (shima)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 島 (sïma)

Yaeyama: 島 (sïma)

Yonaguni: 島 (chima)

From Proto-Japonic *sima (“island, land”).


ana

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 穴 (ana)

Kunigami: 穴 (anā)

Okinawan: 穴 (ana)

Yoron: 穴 (ana)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 穴 (ana)

Yaeyama: 穴 (āna)

⇒ Yonaguni: 穴 (ananpu)


nusi

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 主 (nushi)

Kunigami: 主 (nushi)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 主 (nushi)

Okinawan: 主 (nūshi)

Okinoerabu: 主 (nushi)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 主 (nushī)

Tokunoshima: 主 (nūshi)

Yoron: 主 (nushi) (in compounds)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 主 (nusï)

Yaeyama: 主 (nusï)

Yonaguni: 主 (nuchi)


ide

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 出じゆい (ijiyui)

Kunigami: 出じるん (ijirun)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 出じるり (ijiruri)

Okinawan: 出じゆん ('njiyun)

Okinoerabu: 出じゆん (ijiyun)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 出じゆむっ (ijiyum), 出じーゆむっ (ijīyum)

Tokunoshima: 出じゆい (ijiyui)

Yoron: 出じゅん (ijun)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 出でぃーㇲ゙ (idīz)

Yaeyama: 出でぃるん (idirun)

Yonaguni: 出るん (ndirun)


aka

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 赤 (ā, axa), 赤さい (āsai)

Kunigami: 赤 (hā), 明しぇん (hāshen)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 赤 (hā-), 赤さり (hāsari)

Okinawan: 赤 (akā), 赤さん (akasan)

Okinoerabu: 赤さん (āsan)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 赤ーさむっ (ahāsam)

Tokunoshima: 赤 (axa), 赤あい (ā'āi)

Yoron: 赤 (ā), 赤さん (āsan)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 赤 (aka)

Yaeyama: 赤 (akā), 明さーん (akasān)

Yonaguni: 赤 (aga), 明ん (agan)


waka

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 若さい (wāsai)

Kunigami: 若しぇん (wahāshen)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 若さり (wahasari)

Okinawan: 若さん (wakasan)

Okinoerabu: 若さん (wāsan, wakasan)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 若さむっ (wahāsam)

Tokunoshima: 若い (wāi)

Yoron: 若さん (wāsan)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 若 (baka)

Yaeyama: 若さん (bagasan)

Yonaguni: 若ん (bagan)


wi

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 居ゆい (yiyui, yīyui)

Kunigami: 居ん (yun)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 居るり (yiruri)

Okinawan: 居ん (yiyun)

Okinoerabu: 居ん (yun)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 居りゅむっ (yiryum)

Tokunoshima: 居りぃ (ïrï)

Yoron: 居ゅん (byun)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 居 (bzï)

Yaeyama: 居るん (bzïrun)

⇒ Yonaguni: 居とぅるん (nturun) (< *wite + *-yuryun < *-wori womu)


pito

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 一 (tī)

Kunigami: 一 (tī)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 一 (tï, tïï)

Okinawan: 一 (tī)

Okinoerabu: 一 (tī)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 一 (tï)

Tokunoshima: 一 (tïï, θī)

Yoron: 一 (tī)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 一 (psïtu, psïti)

Yaeyama: 一 (pïti)

Yonaguni: 一 (ttu)


pito

Northern Ryukyuan: 피죠 (/pʰi.tsjo/), 피츄 (/pʰi.tsʰju/) (Haytong Ceykwukki, 1501)

Kikai: 人 (tchu, chu)

Kunigami: 人 (chū)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 人 (tchu, chu)

Okinawan: 人 (tchu)

Okinoerabu: 人 (chū)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 人 (chū)

Tokunoshima: 人 (chu, chū)

Yoron: 人 (pichu)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 人 (psïtu)

Yaeyama: 人 (pïtu)

Yonaguni: 人 (ttū)

From Proto-Japonic *pitə (“person; human”).


ii

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 言ゆい, 謂ゆい (iyui), 言い, 謂い ('yui)

Kunigami: 言ん, 謂ん ('yun)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 言ーり, 謂ーり ('yūri)

Okinawan: 言ん, 謂ん ('yun)

Okinoerabu: 言ん, 謂ん ('yun)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 言むっ, 謂むっ ('yum)

Tokunoshima: 言ん, 謂ん ('yun)

Yoron: 言ん, 謂ん ('yun)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 言ㇲ゙, 謂ㇲ゙ (zz)

Yaeyama: 言ずん, 謂ずん (izun)

Yonaguni: 言ゆん, 謂ゆん (iyun)


ki

Northern Ryukyuan:

⇒ Kunigami: 黄色 (chīrū) (< *ki-ero)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 黄色 (kīiru), 黄さり (kīsari) (< *ki-ero, *ki)

⇒ Okinawan: 黄色 (chīru) (< *ki-ero)

⇒ Southern Amami Ōshima: 黄色 (kīir) (< *ki-ero)

Southern Ryukyuan:

⇒ Miyako: 黄色 (ksïïru) (< *ki-ero)

Yaeyama: 黄 (kïï)


ki

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 来ーい (shūi)

Kunigami: 来ん (sun)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 来り (xuri)

Okinawan: 来ーん (chūn)

Okinoerabu: 来ん (chun)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 来ゅむっ (kyum)

Tokunoshima: 来ゅい (kyui)

Yoron: 来ゅん (kyun)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 来 (ksï)

Yaeyama: 来ん (kïn)

Yonaguni: 来ん (kun)


pone

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 骨 (funi, punï)

Kunigami: 骨 (phuni, phunī)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 骨 (funi, funï)

Okinawan: 骨 (funi)

Okinoerabu: 骨 (funi)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 骨 (funï)

Tokunoshima: 骨 (funï)

Yoron: 骨 (puni)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 骨 (puni)

Yaeyama: 骨 (puni)

Yonaguni: 骨 (funi)


mina

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 蜷, 貝 (mina), 田蜷 (θanmyā) (< *mina, *tamina)

Kunigami: 蜷, 貝 (nā, minā), 田蜷 (thannā) (< *mina, *tamina)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 蜷 (mya), 田蜷 (θanmya) (< *mina, *tamina)

Okinawan: 田蜷 (tānna), 白蜷 (shirunna) (< *tamina, *siromina)

Okinoerabu: 蜷, 貝 (nyā), 田蜷 (θannya, θannyā) (< *tamina)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 蜷, 貝 (minya), 田蜷 (θanmya) (< *mina, *tamina)

Tokunoshima: 蜷, 貝 (myā, nyā), 田蜷 (θannya), 曲がり蜷 (magarinnya) (< *mina, *tamina, *magarimina)

Yoron: 蜷, 貝 (hinya), 田蜷 (tannya) (< *mina, *tamina)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 蜷 (mna)

Yaeyama: 蜷 (nna)

Yonaguni: 蜷, 貝 (nda), 田蜷 (tanna) (< *mina, *tamina)

From Proto-Japonic *mina (“freshwater snail, Semisulcospira libertina”).


poka

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kunigami: 外, 他 (fukā)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 外, 他 (hoxa)

Okinawan: 外, 他 (fuka)

Okinoerabu: 外, 他 (fukā)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 外, 他 (fka)

Tokunoshima: 外, 他 (fuka)

Yoron: 外, 他 (fuka)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 外, 他 (puka)

Yaeyama: 外, 他 (fuka)

Yonaguni: 外, 他 (fuga)

From Proto-Japonic *poka (“other side”).


ya

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 八 (yā)

Kunigami: 八 (yā)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 八 (yā)

Okinawan: 八 (yā)

Okinoerabu: 八 (yā)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 八 (yā)

Tokunoshima: 八 (yā)

Yoron: 八 (yā)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 八 (yā)

Yaeyama: 八 (yā)

Yonaguni: 八 (dā)


ya

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 家, 屋 (yā)

Kunigami: 家, 屋 (yā)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 家, 屋 (yā)

Okinawan: 家, 屋 (yā)

Okinoerabu: 家, 屋 (yā)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 家, 屋 (yā)

Tokunoshima: 家, 屋 (yā)

Yoron: 家, 屋 (yā)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 家, 屋 (yā)

Yaeyama: 家, 屋 (yā)

Yonaguni: 家, 屋 (dā)


wo

Northern Ryukyuan:

Okinawan: ゆ (yu) (archaic, literary)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: う (u), ゆ (yu)

Yaeyama: ゆ (yu) (literary)

From Proto-Japonic *wo (“accusative marker; away from, off”).


wo

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 緒 (wū, ū, gū)

Kunigami: 緒 (wū /wúː/)

desc

Northern Amami Ōshima: 緒 (wū, in compounds)

Okinawan: 緒 (wū /wûː/)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 緒 (wu /wùˑ/)

Yoron: 緒 (pū /pùː/)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 緒 (bū)

Yaeyama: 緒 (bū /bûː/)

Yonaguni: 緒 (bū /búː/)


poso

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 臍, 蔕, 枘 (pusu, fusu)

Kunigami: 臍, 蔕, 枘 (phusū)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 臍, 蔕, 枘 (fusu)

Okinawan: 臍, 蔕, 枘 (fusu)

Okinoerabu: 臍, 蔕, 枘 (fusu, fusū)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 臍, 蔕, 枘 (fusu)

Tokunoshima: 臍, 蔕, 枘 (fushu)

Yoron: 臍, 蔕, 枘 (pusu)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 臍, 蔕, 枘 (pusu)

Yaeyama: 臍, 蔕, 枘 (pusu, pusï)

Yonaguni: 臍, 蔕, 枘 (fusu)


nisi

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 北 (nishi)

Kunigami: 北 (nishī)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 西 (nishi, “west”)

Okinawan: 北 (nishi)

Okinoerabu: 北 (nishi)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 西, 北 (nish)

Tokunoshima: 北 (nisï)

Yoron: 北 (nishi, mishi)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 北 (nisï)

Yaeyama: 北 (nisï)

Yonaguni: 北 (nichi)

From Proto-Japonic *nisi (“west”). The general Ryukyuan term for "west" is *iroe.


ama

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 甘さい (amasai)

Kunigami: 甘ーしぇん (amāsHen)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 甘さり (amasari)

Okinawan: 甘さん (amasan)

Okinoerabu: 甘さん (amasan)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 甘さむっ (amasam)

Tokunoshima: 甘ーはい (amāhai)

Yoron: 甘さん (amasan)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 甘 (ama)

Yaeyama: 甘さん (amasan)

Yonaguni: 甘ん (aman)


kakau

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai:

Aden: こ゚ー (xō)

Northern Amami Ōshima:

Yamatohama: こ゚ほ (xoho)

Old Okinawan:

Kunigami:

Iejima: はほ (haho /hàhô/)

Nakijin-Yonamine: ほー (hō /hôː/)

Central-Southern Okinawan:

Shuri: かこー (kakō /kákóː/)

Yoron:

Mugiya Higashi-ku: かほー (kahō /kàhóː/)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako:

Tarama: かくー (kakū)

Yaeyama:

Hatoma: かこー (kakō /kḁ̀kòː/)

Ishigaki: かこー (kakō /kákóː/)

Taketomi: かーふ (kāfu /kaːɸu/)

⇒ Yonaguni: びりかぐ (birikagu /bìɾìkàgù/) (< *WErE-kakau)


tomo

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 友, 供, 朋, 伴, 部, 侶, 共 (tumu)

Kunigami: 友, 供, 朋, 伴, 部, 侶, 共 (thumū)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 友, 供, 朋, 伴, 部, 侶, 共 (θomo)

Okinawan: 友, 供, 朋, 伴, 部, 侶, 共 (tumu)

Yoron: 友, 供, 朋, 伴, 部, 侶, 共 (tumu)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 友, 供, 朋, 伴, 部, 侶, 共 (tumu)

Yaeyama: 友, 供, 朋, 伴, 部, 侶, 共 (tumu)

From Proto-Japonic *təmə (“together; companion; friend”).


asi

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 足, 脚 (ashi)

Kunigami: 足, 脚 (hashī)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 足, 脚 (ashi)

Okinawan: 足, 脚 (ashi)

Yoron: 足, 脚 (ashi)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 足, 脚 (asï)

Yaeyama: 足, 脚 (asï)

Yonaguni: 足, 脚 (achi)


mari

Northern Ryukyuan:

>? Kikai: 毬 (mārū)

Kunigami: 毬 (mai)

>? Northern Amami Ōshima: 毬 (man)

Okinawan: 毬 (māi)

⇒ Okinoerabu: 唐毬 (tōmai)

>? Southern Amami Ōshima: 毬 (marū)

>? Tokunoshima: 毬 (maru)

>? Yoron: 毬 (maru)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 毬 (māɿ)

Yaeyama: 毬 (māɿ)

Yonaguni: 毬 (maryan)

From Proto-Japonic *mari (“something round; a ball”).


mari

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 放い (mai), 放り (mari)

Kunigami: 放い (mai)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 放り (mari)

Okinoerabu: 放い (mai)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 放りー (marī)

Tokunoshima: 放い (mai)

Yoron: 放い (mai)

According to Nakasone (1983:513), it is derived from *mari (“to excrete”).


peru

Northern Ryukyuan: 픠루 (/pʰɨi.ru/) (Haytong Ceykwukki, 1501)

Kikai: 蒜 (pïru)

Kunigami: 蒜 (phirū)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 蒜 (fïru)

Okinawan: 蒜 (firu)

Okinoerabu: 蒜 (hirū)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 蒜 (fïr)

Tokunoshima: 蒜 (fïru)

Yoron: 蒜 (piru)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 蒜 (piz)

Yaeyama: 蒜 (pin)

Yonaguni: 蒜 (hiru)


kuri

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kunigami: 繰ん (kun)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 繰るり (kururi)

Okinawan: 繰ゆん (kuyun)

Yoron: 繰ゆん (kuyun)

Southern Ryukyuan:

⇒ Miyako: 手繰ぃ (tavï) (< *taguri)

Yaeyama: 繰るん (kurun)


mata

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 又, 亦, 復 (mata)

Kunigami: 又, 亦, 復 (matā)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 又, 亦, 復 (maθa)

Okinawan: 又, 亦, 復 (mata)

Okinoerabu: 又, 亦, 復 (mata)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 又, 亦, 復 (mata)

Tokunoshima: 又, 亦, 復 (mata)

Yoron: 又, 亦, 復 (mata)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 又, 亦, 復 (mata)

Yaeyama: 又, 亦, 復 (mada)

Yonaguni: 又, 亦, 復 (mata)


oki

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 置ちゅい, 措ちゅい, 擱ちゅい (uchui)

Kunigami: 置ちゅん, 措ちゅん, 擱ちゅん (fuchun)

desc

Northern Amami Ōshima: 置く゚り, 措く゚り, 擱く゚り (uxuri)

Okinawan: 置ちゅん, 措ちゅん, 擱ちゅん (uchun)

Okinoerabu: 置ちゅん, 措ちゅん, 擱ちゅん (uchun), 置ちゅちゅん, 措ちゅちゅん, 擱ちゅちゅん (uchuchun)

Tokunoshima: 置き, 措き, 擱き (uki)

Yoron: 置っきゅん, 措っきゅん, 擱っきゅん (ukkyun)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 置きぃ, 措きぃ, 擱きぃ (uksï)


ame

Northern Ryukyuan: 아믜 (/amɨi/) (Haytong Ceykwukki, 1501)

Kikai: 雨 (ami, amï)

Kunigami: 雨 (amī)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 雨 (amï)

Okinawan: 雨 (ami)

Okinoerabu: 雨 (ami, amī)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 雨 (amï)

Tokunoshima: 雨 (amï, amïï)

Yoron: 雨 (ami)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 雨 (ami)

Yaeyama: 雨 (āmi)

Yonaguni: 雨 (ami)


piru

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 昼 (piru)

Kunigami: 昼 (pirū)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 昼 (hiru)

Okinawan: 昼 (firu)

Okinoerabu: 昼 (hiru)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 昼 (hir)

Tokunoshima: 昼 (sïru)

Yoron: 昼 (pyū)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 昼 (psïru)

Yaeyama: 昼 (pïrï, pïïrï)

Yonaguni: 昼 (chun)


ura

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kunigami: っやー ('yā)

Northern Amami Ōshima: っやー ('yā)

Okinawan: っやー ('yā)

Tokunoshima: っやー ('yā)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako:

Irabu: やー (yā)

From Proto-Japonic *uya (“you (plural)”).


ote

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 落てぃゆい (utiyui)

Kunigami: 落て゚ぃるん (futirun)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 落て゚ぃ゚るり (uθïruri)

Okinawan: 落てぃゆん (utiyun)

Okinoerabu: 落てぃゆん (utiyun)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 落と゚ぃ゚ーゅむっ (uθïïyum)

Tokunoshima: 落て゚ぃ゚り (uθïri)

Yoron: 落ちゅん (uchun)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 落ーㇲ゙ (utīz)

Yaeyama: 落てぃるん (utirun)

Yonaguni: 落てぃるん (utirun)


etu

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 五 (itsu)

Kunigami: 五 (hichi)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 五 (itsï)

Okinawan: 五 (ichi)

Okinoerabu: 五 (ichi)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 五 (itï)

Tokunoshima: 五 (itsï)

Yoron: 五 (ichi)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 五 (itsï)

Yaeyama: 五 (itsï)

Yonaguni: 五 (ichi)


etu

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 何時 (itsu)

Kunigami: 何時 (hichī)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 何時 (itsï)

Okinawan: 何時 (ichi)

Okinoerabu: 何時 (ichī)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 何時 (ichi, itī, it)

Tokunoshima: 何時 (itsïï)

Yoron: 何時 (ichi)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 何時 (itsï)

Yaeyama: 何時 (itsï)

Yonaguni: 何時 (ichi)


muna

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 空 (muna)

Kunigami: 空 (nā)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 空 (mona)

Okinawan: 空 (nna)

Yoron: 空 (nā)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 空 (mna)

Yaeyama: 空 (nna)


ori

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 瓜 (ui)

Kunigami: 瓜 (ui)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 瓜 (uri)

Okinawan: 瓜 (ui)

Okinoerabu: 瓜 (ui)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 瓜 (wui)

⇒ Tokunoshima: 瓜 (sïbui)

Yoron: 瓜 (ui)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 瓜 (ūɿ)

Yaeyama: 瓜 (urï)

Yonaguni: 瓜 (ui)


ori

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 織ゆい (uyui)

Kunigami: 織ん (un)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 織るり (ururi)

Okinawan: 織ゆん (uyun)

Okinoerabu: 織ゆん (uyun)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 織ゆむっ (uyum)

Tokunoshima: 織るい (urui)

Yoron: 織ゆん (uyun)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 織イ゚ (uɿ)

Yaeyama: 織るん (urun)

Yonaguni: 織るん (urun)


mii

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 新ーさい (mīsai)

Kunigami: 新ーしぇん (mīshen)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 新ーさり (mīsari)

Okinawan: 新ーさん (mīsan)

Okinoerabu: 新ーさん (mīsan)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 新ーさむっ (mīsam)

Tokunoshima: 新ーはい (mīhai)

Yoron: 新ーさん (mīsan)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 新 (miz)

Yaeyama: 新ーさん (mïïsan)

Yonaguni: 新 (mī-)

From Proto-Japonic *nipi (“new”) with irregular assimilation of the nasal. For the sound change, see *miwa (“garden”).


peto

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: ぴとぅ (pitu)

Kunigami: ぴっトぅ (phittu /pʰíttù/)

Northern Amami Ōshima: ふィトぅ (fïθu)

Okinawan: ふぃーとぅ (fītu /ɸíːtú/)

Okinoerabu: ひとぅ (hitu /çìtû/)

Tokunoshima: ふぃとぅ (fitu /ɸɪ́tù/)

Yoron: ぴとぅ (pitu /pítú/)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: ひーとぅ (hītu) (Ikema-Nishihara dialect)

Yaeyama: ぴとぅ (pitu /pì̥tú/)

Yonaguni: ひっとぅ (hittu /hìQtû/)


koma

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 此間 (fuma)

Kunigami: 此間 (fumā)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 此間 (xuma)

Okinawan: 此間 (kuma)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 此間 (xuma)

Tokunoshima: 此間 (kuma)

Yoron: 此間 (fuma)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 此間 (kuma)

Yaeyama: 此間 (kuma)

Yonaguni: 此間 (kuma)

From Proto-Japonic *kə- (“this”) with an element *ma (“space”) added.


miso

Northern Ryukyuan: 미쇼 (/mi.sjo/) (Haytong Ceykwukki, 1501)

Kikai: 味噌 (misu)

Kunigami: 味噌 (misū)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 味噌 (misu)

Okinawan: 味噌 (nsu, nnsu)

Okinoerabu: 味噌 (mishū)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 味噌 (misu)

Tokunoshima: 味噌 (mishu)

Yoron: 味噌 (mishu)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 味噌 (msu)

Yaeyama: 味噌 (mishu)

Yonaguni: 味噌 (nsu)

From Proto-Japonic *misV (“miso”). If the term was an earlier Chinese borrowing, the form would be *misa, since *-au > *-a in Proto-Ryukyuan.


puta

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 二 (tā)

Kunigami: 二 (tā)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 二 (tā)

Okinawan: 二 (tā)

Okinoerabu: 二 (tā)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 二 (ta)

Tokunoshima: 二 (tā)

Yoron: 二 (tā)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 二 (futa)

Yaeyama: 二 (futā)

Yonaguni: 二 (ttā)


puta

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 蓋 (futa)

Kunigami: 蓋 (phutā, phatā)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 蓋 (futa)

Okinawan: 蓋 (futa)

Okinoerabu: 蓋 (futā)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 蓋 (futa)

Tokunoshima: 蓋 (futa)

Yoron: 蓋 (puta)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 蓋 (futa)

Yaeyama: 蓋 (futa)

Yonaguni: 蓋 (ttā)


koro

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kunigami: 頃 (guru) (in compounds)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 頃 (xoro)

Okinawan: 頃 (kuru)

Yoron: 頃 (guru) (in compounds)

From Proto-Japonic *kərə (“time, season”).


pako

Northern Ryukyuan: 法个 (fako) (Liúqiú guăn yìyŭ, 1469–1470)

Kikai: 箱 (paxu)

Kunigami: 箱 (phafū)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 箱 (haku)

Okinawan: 箱 (haku)

Okinoerabu: 箱 (haku)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 箱 (fak, hak)

Tokunoshima: 箱 (haku)

Yoron: 箱 (papu)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 箱 (paku)

Yaeyama: 箱 (paku, haku)

Yonaguni: 箱 (hagu)


pagi

Northern Ryukyuan:

Northern Amami Ōshima: 脛 (hagi)

Okinoerabu: 脛 (hagi, haji)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 脛 (hagi)

Yoron: 脛 (pagi)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 脛 (pagzï)

Yaeyama: 脛 (pan)

Yonaguni: 脛 (han)

From Proto-Japonic *panki (“foot, leg”).


taka

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 高さい (θāsai)

Kunigami: 高しぇん (thakāshen, thāshen)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 高さり (θahasari)

Okinawan: 高さん (takasan)

Okinoerabu: 高さん (θāsan, θaxasan)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 高さむっ (θahāsam)

Tokunoshima: 高い (θāi)

Yoron: 高さん (tāsan)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 高 (taka)

Yaeyama: 高さん (takasan)

Yonaguni: 高ん (tagan)

From Proto-Japonic *taka (“high, tall”).


ase

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 汗 (ashi)

Kunigami: 汗 (hashī)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 汗 (asï)

Okinawan: 汗 (ashi)

Okinoerabu: 汗 (ashi)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 汗 (asï)

Tokunoshima: 汗 (ashï)

Yoron: 汗 (ashi)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 汗 (ashi)

Yaeyama: 汗 (ashi)

Yonaguni: 汗 (ashi)


kuso

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 糞, 屎 (ssu)

Kunigami: 糞, 屎 (khusū /kʱùsǔː/)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 糞, 屎 (kusu)

Okinawan: 糞, 屎 (kusu /kùsù/)

Okinoerabu: 糞, 屎 (kusū /kùsǔː/)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 糞, 屎 (xsu /kʰsǔˑ/)

Tokunoshima: 糞, 屎 (kushu /kù̥ɕú/)

Yoron: 糞, 屎 (kusu /kùsú/)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 糞, 屎 (fusu)

Yaeyama: 糞, 屎 (fushu /ɸù̥ɕú/)

Yonaguni: 糞, 屎 (tsū /tsùː/)

From Proto-Japonic *kuso (“feces, dung, arse, shit”).


aida

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 間 (aida, ēda)

Kunigami: 間 (ējha)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 間 ('yēda)

Okinawan: 間 (ēja)

Okinoerabu: 間 (ēda)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 間 ('yēda)

Tokunoshima: 間 (aidā)

Yoron: 間 ('yēda)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 間 (aida)

From Proto-Japonic *apinta (“interval”).


ikari

Northern Ryukyuan:

>? Kunigami: 碇, 錨, 矴, 重石, 沈石 (ikāri)

desc

Northern Amami Ōshima: 碇, 錨, 矴, 重石, 沈石 (ixyari)

Okinawan: 碇, 錨, 矴, 重石, 沈石 (ikai, ichai)

Okinoerabu: 碇, 錨, 矴, 重石, 沈石 (ikkai)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 碇, 錨, 矴, 重石, 沈石 (ixyāri, ixyar)

Tokunoshima: 碇, 錨, 矴, 重石, 沈石 (ikyai)

Yoron: 碇, 錨, 矴, 重石, 沈石 (ichai)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 碇, 錨, 矴, 重石, 沈石 (ikai)

Yaeyama: 碇, 錨, 矴, 重石, 沈石 (ikarï, ikara)


atama

Northern Ryukyuan:

Okinawan: 頭 (atama)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 頭 (atama) (Tarama, poetic)


abura

Northern Ryukyuan: 아부라 (/a.pu.ra/) (Haytong Ceykwukki, 1501)

Kikai:

Aden: 脂, 油 (anba) (tone class AB)

Kamikatetsu: 脂, 油 (anba) (tone class AB)

Onotsu: 脂, 油 (abba) (tone class BC)

Sakamine: 脂, 油 (anba) (tone class AB)

Shiomichi: 脂, 油 (anba, abba) (tone class AB)

Shitōke: 脂, 油 (abba) (tone class BC)

Wan: 脂, 油 (anba) (tone class AB)

Kunigami:

Iejima: 脂, 油 (anda)

Hentona: 脂, 油 (anra)

Kudaka: 脂, 油 (anra)

Nago: 脂, 油 (anda) (tone class B)

Nakijin: 脂, 油 (andā) (tone class BC)

Sakimotobu: 脂, 油 (anra) (tone class C)

Sumuide: 脂, 油 (anda)

Northern Amami Ōshima:

Naze: 脂, 油 (abura)

Yamatohama: 脂, 油 (abura)

Yuwan: 脂, 油 (abura)

Okinawan:

Itoman: 脂, 油 (anra)

Naha: 脂, 油 (anra)

Shuri: 脂, 油 (anda) (tone class BC)

Okinoerabu:

Serikaku: 脂, 油 (aburā)

Tetechina: 脂, 油 (abura)

Southern Amami Ōshima:

Koniya: 脂, 油 (apra)

Shodon: 脂, 油 (apra) (tone class BC)

Tokunoshima:

Inō: 脂, 油 (anba)

Isen: 脂, 油 (anba)

Kametsu: 脂, 油 (anba)

Yoron: 脂, 油 (abura) (tone class B)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako:

Bora: 脂, 油 (avva)

Hirara: 脂, 油 (avva)

Ikema: 脂, 油 (avva) (tone class B)

Irabu: 脂, 油 (avva)

Karimata: 脂, 油 (avva)

Kugai: 脂, 油 (avva)

Kurima: 脂, 油 (avva)

Minna: 脂, 油 (avva) (tone class B)

Miyaguni: 脂, 油 (avva)

Nagahama: 脂, 油 (avva)

Ōgami: 脂, 油 (avva)

Ōura: 脂, 油 (avva) (tone class AB)

Sarahama: 脂, 油 (avva)

Sawada: 脂, 油 (avva)

Shiokawa: 脂, 油 (avva)

Tarama: 脂, 油 (avva) (tone class B)

Uechi: 脂, 油 (avva)

Uruka: 脂, 油 (avva)

Yonaha: 脂, 油 (avva) (tone class AB)

Yaeyama:

Hateruma: 脂, 油 (aba) (tone class BC)

Hatoma: 脂, 油 (aba)

Ishigaki: 脂, 油 (aba) (tone class BC)

Kohama: 脂, 油 (aba)

Kuroshima: 脂, 油 (ava)

Taketomi: 脂, 油 (aba) (tone class BC)

Yonaguni: 脂, 油 (anda) (tone class B)

From Proto-Japonic *anpura (“fat, grease; oil”).


ine

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 稲 (ï, ini, inï)

Kunigami: 稲 (nī)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 稲 (nī, nyā)

Okinawan: 稲 (nni)

Okinoerabu: 稲 (inī)

desc

Southern Amami Ōshima: 稲 (inïï, 'ini, 'inī)

Tokunoshima: 稲 (inïï)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 稲 (ini)

Yaeyama: 稲 (ini)

Yonaguni: 稲 (nni)

From Proto-Japonic *inay (“rice plant”).


ato

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 跡 (aθu)

Kunigami: 跡 (athū)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 跡 (aθo)

Okinawan: 跡 (atu)

Okinoerabu: 跡 (atu)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 跡 (ato)

Tokunoshima: 跡 (atu)

Yoron: 跡 (atu)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 跡 (atu)

Yaeyama: 跡 (atu)

Yonaguni: 跡 (atu)


asa

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 朝 (asa)

Kunigami: 朝 (hasā)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 朝 (asa)

Okinawan: 朝 (asa)

Okinoerabu: 朝 (asa)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 朝 (asa)

Tokunoshima: 朝 (asa)

Yoron: 朝 (asa)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 朝 (asa)

Yaeyama: 朝 (asa)

Yonaguni: 朝 (asa)


a

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kunigami: 吾 (a)

Northern Ryukyuan:

Miyako:

Minna: 吾 (a)


awa

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 泡 (ā)

Kunigami: 泡 (ā)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 泡 (ō)

Okinawan: 泡 (ā)

Okinoerabu: 泡 (ō)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 泡 (ō)

Tokunoshima: 泡 (ō)

Yoron: 泡 (ō)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 泡 (ā)

Yaeyama: 泡 (ā)

Yonaguni: 泡 (ā)


ito

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 糸 (ichū, itū)

Kunigami: 糸 (hichū)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 糸 (iθo, isho)

Old Okinawan: いと (ito) (Omoro Sōshi, 1531)

Kunigami: 糸 (hichū)

Okinawan: 糸 (īchū)

Okinoerabu: 糸 (ichu)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 糸 (iθō)

Tokunoshima: 糸 (ichu)

Yoron: 糸 (itchū)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 糸 (ichū)

Yaeyama: 糸 (itu, ittu)

⇒ Yonaguni: 木綿糸 (mumin'itu)


koe

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 声 (kui)

Kunigami: 声 (fui)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 声 (xui)

Okinawan: 声 (kwī)

Okinoerabu: 声 (kwī)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 声 (kui)

Tokunoshima: 声 (kui)

Yoron: 声 (fui)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 声 (kui)

Yaeyama: 声 (kui)

Yonaguni: 声 (kui)


mita

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: みちゃ (micha)

Kunigami: みちゃー (michā)

Northern Amami Ōshima: みちゃ (micha)

Okinawan: んちゃ (ncha)

Okinoerabu: みちゃ (micha), みちゃー (michā)

Southern Amami Ōshima: みちゃ (micha)

Tokunoshima: いんちゃ (incha)

Yoron: みちゃ (micha), にちゃ (nicha)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: みぃた (mta)

Yaeyama: んた (nta)

Yonaguni: んた (nta)

From Proto-Japonic *mita (“clay, earth”).


ue

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 上 (wïï)

Kunigami: 上 (ui)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 上 ('wïï)

Okinawan: 上 ('wī)

Okinoerabu: 上 (ui)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 上 ('wïï)

Tokunoshima: 上 ('wïï)

Yoron: 上 (ui)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako:

Hirara: 上 (ui)

Ikema: 上 (ui) (tone class A)

Irabu: 上 (ui)

Tarama: 上 (ui) (tone class A)

Yaeyama: 上 (ui) (tone class A)

Yonaguni: 上 (ui) (tone class A)

From Proto-Japonic *upai (“above, over”).


kumo

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 雲 (kumu)

Kunigami: 雲 (kumū)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 雲 (komo, kumo)

Okinawan: 雲 (kumu)

Okinoerabu: 雲 (kumu, kumū)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 雲 (kumo, kumu)

Tokunoshima: 雲 (kumu)

Yoron: 雲 (kumu)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 雲 (fumu)

Yaeyama: 雲 (fumu)

Yonaguni: 雲 (nmu)


pati

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 蜂 (pachi)

Kunigami: 蜂 (phachī /pʰàtɕíː/)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 蜂 (hachi)

Okinawan: 蜂 (hachā /hátɕâː/) (< *patiCa)

Okinoerabu: 蜂 (hachi /hàtɕí/)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 蜂 (hach /hátɕ̩/)

Tokunoshima: 蜂 (hachi /hàtɕɪ́/)

Yoron: 蜂 (pachi /pàtɕì/)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 蜂 (patsï)

Yaeyama: 蜂 (padzï /pádzɨ̀/)

Yonaguni: 蜂 (hachi, hata /hàtɕî, hàtâ/) (< *pati, *patiCa)


ima

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: にゃー (nyā)

Kunigami: なー (nā)

Northern Amami Ōshima: にゃー (nyā)

Okinawan: なー (nā), にゃー (nyā), みゃー (myā)

Okinoerabu: っにゃー ('nyā), にゃー (nyā), なー (nā)

Southern Amami Ōshima: にゃー (nyā)

Tokunoshima: っにゃー ('nyā)

Yoron: にゃー (nyā)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: んにゃ (nnya)

Yaeyama: めー (mē)

Yonaguni: まー (mā)


uti

Northern Ryukyuan: 우지 (/u.tʃi/) (Haytong Ceykwukki, 1501)

Kikai: 内 (uchi)

Kunigami: 内 (fuchī)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 内 (uchi)

Okinawan: 内 (uchi)

Okinoerabu: 内 (uchi)

Tokunoshima: 内 (uchi)

Yoron: 内 (uchi)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 内 (utsï, vtsï)

Yaeyama: 内 (utsï)

Yonaguni: 内 (uti)

From Proto-Japonic *utui (“inside; now”).


kokoro

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai:

Kamikatetsu: 心 (xukuru) (tone class AB)

Nakasato: 心 (kukuru) (tone class AB)

Sakamine: 心 (xukuru) (tone class AB)

Shitōke: 心 (kukuru) (tone class BC)

Wan: 心 (kukuru) (tone class AB)

Kunigami:

Hentona: 心 (kukhuru)

Iheya: 心 (kukhurū)

Kudaka: 心 (fukuru)

Nakijin: 心 (khukūru) (tone class BC)

Oku: 心 (kukhuru)

Northern Amami Ōshima:

Naze: 心 (xōro)

Sani: 心 (xōro)

Yamatohama: 心 (xohoro)

Yuwan: 心 (xūru)

Okinawan:

Shuri: 心 (kukuru) (tone class BC)

Okinoerabu:

Serikaku: 心 (kukurū)

Southern Amami Ōshima:

Koniya: 心 (xuhoro)

Shodon: 心 (xohoro) (tone class BC)

Tokunoshima:

Inō: 心 (kukuru)

Isen: 心 (xukuru)

Kametsu: 心 (kukuru)

Matsubara: 心 (xukuru) (tone class B)

San: 心 (kukuru)

Yoron: 心 (kukuru)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako:

Hirara: 心 (kukuru)

Irabu: 心 (kukuru)

Minna: 心 (kukuru) (tone class C)

Sawada: 心 (kukuru)

Tarama: 心 (kukuru) (tone class C)

Yaeyama:

Hateruma: 心 (kukuru) (tone class BC)

Hatoma: 心 (kukuru)

Ishigaki: 心 (kukuru) (tone class BC)

Kohama: 心 (kukuru)

Kuroshima: 心 (kukuru)

Sonai: 心 (kukuru)

Taketomi: 心 (kukuru) (tone class BC)

Yonaguni: 心 (kuguru) (tone class B)


kore

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 此り (furi)

Kunigami: 此りー (furī)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 此れぃ (xurï)

Okinawan: 此り (kuri)

Okinoerabu: 此り (furi)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 此り (xuri), 此るっ (xur) (< *kori)

Tokunoshima: 此り (xuri, kuri), 此れぃ (xurï)

Yoron: 此り (furi)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 此り (kuri), 此い (kui)

Yaeyama: 此り (kuri)

>? Yonaguni: 此 (kū)

From Proto-Japonic *kə-re (“this”, nominalized).


ari

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: (< *ani)

Aden: 蟻 (āī̃) (tone class AB)

Araki: 蟻 (ani) (tone class AB)

Kamikatetsu: 蟻 (ai) (tone class AB)

Nakasato: 蟻 (ani) (tone class AB)

Onotsu: 蟻 (ānī) (tone class A)

Sakamine: 蟻 (ānī) (tone class AB)

Shiomichi: 蟻 (ānī) (tone class AB)

Shitōke: 蟻 (ānī) (tone class A)

Wan: 蟻 (ani) (tone class AB)

Kunigami:

Nakijin: 蟻 (ai) (tone class A)

Oku: 蟻 (ani)

Northern Amami Ōshima: (< *ami, *ani)

Sani: 蟻 (an)

Yamatohama: 蟻 (ami)

Yuwan: 蟻 (an)

Okinawan: (< *ari, *ariwa)

Shuri: 蟻 (ai, ayā) (tone class A)

Okinoerabu: (< *ani)

Kamishiro: 蟻 (ani)

Kunigami: 蟻 (ani) (tone class A)

Southern Amami Ōshima: (< *ani)

Koniya: 蟻 (an)

Shodon: 蟻 (an, ani) (tone class A)

Yoro: 蟻 (an)

Tokunoshima: (< *ami, *ani)

Inō: 蟻 (anï)

Isen: 蟻 (ami)

San: 蟻 (ami)

Yoron: 蟻 (anku) (< *aniko)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: (< *ari, *aka-ari, *arigara)

Bora: 蟻 (akāz, azgara)

Hirara: 蟻 (āz, akāz)

Ikema: 蟻 (akai)

Irabu: 蟻 (ahāz)

Karimata: 蟻 (hāï)

Kugai: 蟻 (akāz)

Kuninaka: 蟻 (akāl)

Kurima: 蟻 (akal, akaz)

Minna: 蟻 (akai) (tone class A)

Ōgami: 蟻 (ffāï) (< *kuro-ari)

Ōura: 蟻 (hāz)

Sarahama: 蟻 (akai)

Sawada: 蟻 (āl, akāl)

Shimajiri: 蟻 (axaz)

Tarama: 蟻 (akal) (tone class A)

Uechi: 蟻 (akāl)

Uruka: 蟻 (azgara)

Yonaha: 蟻 (akāz)

Yaeyama: (< *ari, *ariwa)

Hateruma: 蟻 (āri) (tone class A)

Hatoma: 蟻 (āru)

Ishigaki: 蟻 (āra) (tone class A)

Kohama: 蟻 (āra)

Kuroshima: 蟻 (arï)

Taketomi: 蟻 (ai)

Yonaguni: 蟻 (aya) (< *ariwa) (tone class C)


ari

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 有い (ai)

Kunigami: 有ん (an)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 有り (ari)

Okinawan: 有ん (an)

Okinoerabu: 有ん (an)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 有むっ (am)

Tokunoshima: 有い (ai)

Yoron: 有ゆん (ayun)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 有ーㇲ゙ (āz)

Yaeyama: 有ん (an)

Yonaguni: 有ん (an)


kado

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 角, 稜 (kadu)

Kunigami: 角, 稜 (hadū, khadū)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 角, 稜 (xado)

Okinawan: 角, 稜 (kadu)

Okinoerabu: 角, 稜 (kadū)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 角, 稜 (kado)

Tokunoshima: 角, 稜 (kadū, kajū)

Yoron: 角, 稜 (hadu)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 角, 稜 (kadu)

Yaeyama: 角, 稜 (kadu)

Yonaguni: 角, 稜 (kadu)


tako

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 蛸, 章魚, 鮹 (θō)

Kunigami: 蛸, 章魚, 鮹 (thafū)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 蛸, 章魚, 鮹 (θoho)

Okinawan: 蛸, 章魚, 鮹 (taku)

Okinoerabu: 蛸, 章魚, 鮹 (tō)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 蛸, 章魚, 鮹 (θoho)

Tokunoshima: 蛸, 章魚, 鮹 (tō)

Yoron: 蛸, 章魚, 鮹 (tafu)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 蛸, 章魚, 鮹 (taku)

Yaeyama: 蛸, 章魚, 鮹 (taku)

Yonaguni: 蛸, 章魚, 鮹 (tagu)


moto

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 元 (mutu)

Kunigami: 元 (mutu, mutū)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 元 (muθu)

Okinawan: 元 (mūtu, mutu)

Okinoerabu: 元 (mutu)

Tokunoshima: 元 (mutu)

Yoron: 元 (mutu)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 元 (mutu)

Yaeyama: 元 (mutu)

Yonaguni: 元 (mutu)

From Proto-Japonic *mətə (“source, origin”).


koto

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 事 (xutu)

Kunigami: 事 (khutū)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 事 (kutu, xutu)

Okinawan: 事 (kutu)

Okinoerabu: 事 (kutu)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 事 (xutu)

Tokunoshima: 事 (kutu)

Yoron: 事 (futu)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 事 (kutu)

Yaeyama: 事 (kutu)

Yonaguni: 事 (kutu)

From Proto-Japonic *kətə (“act, deed, work; matter, thing”).


koto

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kunigami: 言 (futū, khutū)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 言 (xutu)

Okinawan: 言 (kutu)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 言 (kutu)

Yoron: 言 (futu)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 言 (kutu)

Yaeyama: 言 (kutu)

Yonaguni: 言 (kutu)

From Proto-Japonic *kətə (“speech, word”).


nigiri

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 握んにゅい (ninnyui), 握ゆい (miguyui)

Kunigami: 握ーるん (nijīrun)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 握んぎゅり (mingyuri)

Okinawan: 握ゆん (nijiyun)

Okinoerabu: 握んじゅん (minjun)

desc

Tokunoshima: 握ぎゅい (mingyui), 握ゆい (nigiyui)

Yoron: 握んぎゅん (mingyun)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 握じぃー (ngzïï)

Yaeyama: 握ーるん (nīrun)

From Proto-Japonic *ninkiru (“to grasp”).


wa

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 我 (wā)

Kunigami: 我 (wā)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 我 (wā)

Okinawan: 我 (wā)

Okinoerabu: 我 (wā)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 我 (wā)

Tokunoshima: 我 (wā)

Yoron: 我 (wā)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 我 (bā)

Yaeyama: 我 (bā)

Yonaguni: 我 (bā)

From Proto-Japonic *wa (“we”, first-person plural).


erabu

Northern Ryukyuan:

Okinoerabu: 永良部 (irabu)

Kunigami:

Nakijin: 永良部 (irābu) (tone class BC)

Okinawan:

Naha: 永良部, 伊良部 (irabu)

Shuri: 永良部, 伊良部 (irabu) (tone class BC)

Yoron: 永良部 (irabu) (tone class B)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako:

Fukuzato: 伊良部 (irav)

Hirara: 伊良部 (irav)

Ikema: 伊良部 (irav)

Irabu: 伊良部 (irav)

Karimata: 伊良部 (irav)

Kugai: 伊良部 (irav)

Kuninaka: 伊良部 (irav)

Kurima: 伊良部 (irav)

Miyaguni: 伊良部 (irav)

Nishihigashi: 伊良部 (irav)

Nishizato: 伊良部 (irav)

Ōgami: 伊良部 (irav)

Sawada: 伊良部 (irav)

Shimajiri: 伊良部 (irav)

Sunagawa: 伊良部 (irav)

Tarama: 伊良部 (irau) (tone class B)

Tomori: 伊良部 (irav)

Yonaha: 伊良部 (irav)

Okinoerabu; Okinoerabujima (an island in Southern Amami)


mae

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 前 (mëë)

Kunigami: 前 (mē)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 前 (mëë, me)

Okinawan: 前 (mē)

Okinoerabu: 前 (me)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 前 (mëë, më)

Tokunoshima: 前 (mëë)

Yoron: 前 (mē)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 前 (mai)

Yaeyama: 前 (mai)

Yonaguni: 前 (mai)

From Proto-Japonic *mapya (“before, front”).


pana

Northern Ryukyuan: 파나 (/faɁ.na/) (Liúqiú guăn yìyŭ, 1469–1470)

Kikai:

Aden: 花 (pana) (tone class AB)

Araki: 花 (hana) (tone class AB)

Kamikatetsu: 花 (hana) (tone class AB)

Nakasato: 花 (hana) (tone class AB)

Onotsu: 花 (pana) (tone class BC)

Sakamine: 花 (pana) (tone class AB)

Shiomichi: 花 (pana) (tone class AB)

Shitōke: 花 (pana) (tone class BC)

Wan: 花 (hana) (tone class AB)

Kunigami:

Hentona: 花 (fana)

Iejima: 花 (phanā) (tone class B)

Iheya: 花 (fanā) (tone class B)

Kin: 花 (hānā) (tone class B)

Nago: 花 (pana) (tone class B)

Nakijin-Yonamine: 花 (phanā) (tone class B)

Sakimotobu: 花 (fana) (tone class B)

Sesoko: 花 (fanā) (tone class B)

Northern Amami Ōshima:

Naze: 花 (hana) (tone class AB)

Yamatohama: 花 (hana)

Okinawan:

Itoman: 花 (hana)

Naha: 花 (hana)

Shuri: 花 (hana) (tone class B)

Okinoerabu:

China: 花 (hanā) (tone class B)

Kamishiro: 花 (hana) (tone class B)

Serikaku: 花 (hanā)

Tetechina: 花 (hana)

Wadomari: 花 (hanā) (tone class B)

Southern Amami Ōshima:

Koniya: 花 (fana)

Shodon: 花 (hana) (tone class BC)

Tokunoshima:

Asama: 花 (hanā) (tone class B)

Kametsu: 花 (hana) (tone class B)

San: 花 (hana) (tone class B)

Yoron: 花 (pana) (tone class B)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako:

Bora: 花 (pana)

Hirara: 花 (pana)

Ikema: 花 (hana)

Nishihara: 花 (hana) (tone class B)

Irabu: 花 (pana)

Karimata: 花 (pana)

Kuninaka: 花 (pana)

Minna: 花 (pana) (tone class B)

Nagahama: 花 (pana)

Nakachi: 花 (pana)

Nobaru: 花 (pana)

Ōgami: 花 (pana)

Ōura: 花 (pana) (tone class AB)

Shimajiri: 花 (pana)

Shiokawa: 花 (pana)

Tarama: 花 (pana)

Nakasuji: 花 (pana) (tone class A/B)

Uechi: 花 (pana)

Yonaha: 花 (pana) (tone class AB)

Yaeyama:

Aragusuku: 花 (pana)

Hateruma: 花 (pana) (tone class BC)

Hatoma: 花 (pana) (tone class B)

Ishigaki: 花 (pana) (tone class BC)

Kabira: 花 (pana)

Kohama: 花 (pana)

Kuroshima: 花 (pana)

Sonai: 花 (pana)

Taketomi: 花 (hənə) (tone class BC)

Yonaguni: 花 (hana) (tone class B)


pana

Northern Ryukyuan: 파나 (/pʰana/) (Haytong Ceykwukki, 1501)

Kikai:

Aden: 鼻 (pana) (tone class AB)

Araki: 鼻 (hana) (tone class AB)

Kamikatetsu: 鼻 (hana) (tone class AB)

Nakasato: 鼻 (hana) (tone class AB)

Onotsu: 鼻 (pana) (tone class A)

Shiomichi: 鼻 (pana) (tone class AB)

Shitōke: 鼻 (pana) (tone class A)

Wan: 鼻 (hana) (tone class AB)

Kunigami:

Hentona: 鼻 (fana)

Iejima: 鼻 (phana) (tone class AC)

Iheya: 鼻 (fana) (tone class A)

Kin: 鼻 (hana) (tone class A)

Nago: 鼻 (phana) (tone class A)

Nakijin-Yonamine: 鼻 (phanā) (tone class A)

Oku: 鼻 (pana)

Sakimotobu: 鼻 (fana) (tone class A)

Sesoko: 鼻 (fana) (tone class A)

Sumuide: 鼻 (pana)

Northern Amami Ōshima:

Isu: 鼻 (fana)

Kasari-Tekebu: 鼻 (fana)

q

tone class AB (however, with <LF> accent instead of expected <LH>

Naze: 鼻 (hana) (tone class AB (however, with accent instead of expected )

Sumiyō: 鼻 (fana)

Yamato: 鼻 (hana)

Yamatohama: 鼻 (hana)

Yuwan: 鼻 (hana)

Okinawan:

Itoman: 鼻 (hana)

Nago: 鼻 (fana)

Naha: 鼻 (hana)

Shuri: 鼻 (hana) (tone class A)

Yara: 鼻 (hana)

Okinoerabu:

China: 鼻 (fana) (tone class A)

Kamishiro: 鼻 (hana) (tone class A)

Serikaku: 鼻 (hanā)

Tetechina: 鼻 (hana)

Wadomari: 鼻 (hana) (tone class A)

Southern Amami Ōshima:

Koniya: 鼻 (fana, hana)

Shodon: 鼻 (hana) (tone class A)

Tokunoshima:

Asama: 鼻 (hanā) (tone class A)

Inō: 鼻 (hana)

Kametsu: 鼻 (hana) (tone class A)

San: 鼻 (hana) (tone class A)

Yoron: 鼻 (pana) (tone class A)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako:

Bora: 鼻 (pana)

Hirara: 鼻 (pana)

Ikema: 鼻 (hana)

Nishihara: 鼻 (hana) (tone class B)

Irabu: 鼻 (pana)

Karimata: 鼻 (pana)

Kuninaka: 鼻 (pana)

Minna: 鼻 (pana) (tone class A)

Nagahama: 鼻 (pana)

Nakachi: 鼻 (pana)

Nobaru: 鼻 (pana)

Ōgami: 鼻 (pana)

Ōura: 鼻 (pana) (tone class AB)

Sarahama: 鼻 (hana)

Sawada: 鼻 (pana)

Shimajiri: 鼻 (pana)

Shiokawa: 鼻 (pana)

Tarama: 鼻 (pana)

Nakasuji: 鼻 (pana) (tone class A)

Uechi: 鼻 (pana)

Yonaha: 鼻 (pana)

Yaeyama:

Hateruma: 鼻 (pana) (tone class A)

Hatoma: 鼻 (pana) (tone class A)

Ishigaki: 鼻 (hana) (tone class A)

Kabira: 鼻 (pana)

Kohama: 鼻 (pana)

Kuroshima: 鼻 (hənə)

Sonai: 鼻 (pana)

Taketomi: 鼻 (pana) (tone class A)

Yonaguni: 鼻 (hana) (tone class A)


pana

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai:

Aden: 端 (fana)

Kunigami:

Iejima: 端 (phana) (tone class AC)

Nakijin-Yonamine: 端 (phanā) (tone class A)

Okinawan:

Naha: 端 (hana)

Shuri: 端 (hana) (tone class A)

Okinoerabu:

China: 端 (hana) (tone class A)

Wadomari: 端 (hana) (tone class A)

Tokunoshima:

Asama: 端 (hanā) (tone class A)

Kametsu: 端 (hana) (tone class A)

Yoron: 端 (pana) (tone class B)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako:

Hirara: 端 (pana)

Ikema: 端 (hana)

Nishihara: 端 (hana) (tone class B)

Minna: 端 (pana) (tone class A)

Nagahama: 端 (pana)

Nakachi: 端 (pana)

Tarama:

Nakasuji: 端 (pana)

Yaeyama:

Hateruma: 端 (pana) (tone class A)

Hatoma: 端 (pana) (tone class A)

Ishigaki: 端 (hana, pana) (tone class A)

Taketomi: 端 (pənə)


kuru

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 苦さい (-gurusai) (only used as a suffix)

Kunigami: 苦ーしぇん (-gurūshen, -gurīshen) (only used as a suffix)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 苦しゃり (xurushari)

Okinawan: 苦さん (kurisan)

Okinoerabu: 苦しゃん (gurushan)

desc

Southern Amami Ōshima: 苦しさむっ (gurushisam) (possibly a Japanese loanword)

Tokunoshima: 苦しゃい (xurushai), 苦い (goroi), 苦ーい (xwëëi)

Yoron: 苦しゃん (gusshan, gurushan)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 苦 (guri)

Yaeyama: 苦しゃーん (kurishān)

Yonaguni: 苦さん (-'ngurisan) (only used as a suffix)

From Proto-Japonic *kuru (“painful, stressful, suffering”).


kiri

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 切ゆい (chiyui)

Kunigami: 切ん (chin)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 切るり (kiruri)

Okinawan: 切ーん (chīn)

Okinoerabu: 切ゅん (kyun)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 切りゅむっ (kiryum)

Tokunoshima: 切りぃ (kirï)

Yoron: 切ゅん (kyun)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 切 (ksïï)

Yaeyama: 切ん (kïsun)

Yonaguni: 切ん (tsun)


kimi

Northern Ryukyuan:

⇒ Kunigami: 唐黍 (thōjimī /tʰòːdʑìmíː/) (< *tau-gimi)

⇒ Northern Amami Ōshima: 唐の黍 (θonokin) (< *tau-no-kimi)

desc

⇒ Okinawan: 真黍 (mājin /máːdʑìŋ/), 唐ぬ黍 (tōnuchin /tòːnùtɕìŋ/) (< *ma-gimi, *tau-no-kimi)

Okinoerabu: 黍 (kimī /kìmǐː/), ⇒ 唐黍 (tōjini /tòːdʑìní/) (< *kimi, *tau-gimi)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 黍 (kimi /kìmìˑ/)

Tokunoshima: 黍 (kimi /kìmî/), ⇒ 唐黍 (tōgin /tòːgɪ́ŋ/) (< *kimi, *tau-gimi)

⇒ Yoron: 唐黍 (tōgin /tòːgǐŋ/) (< *tau-gimi)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 黍 (ksïm)

Yaeyama: 黍 (kïn /kɨ́ŋ/)

⇒ Yonaguni: 黍 (chinti /tɕǐntî/), 高黍 (tagachin /tàgátɕîŋ/) (< *kimi-[si ~ tE], *taka-kimi)

From Proto-Japonic *kimi (“millet; proso millet”).


turi

Northern Ryukyuan:

Okinawan: 釣いーん (chīn), 釣ゆん (chiyun)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 釣 (tsïï)

Yonaguni: 釣るん (chirun)


suki

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kunigami: 好ちゅん (shichun)

Okinawan: 好ちゅん (shichun)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 好きぃ (suksï)

Yaeyama: 好くん (sïkun)

From Proto-Japonic *suku (“to like, love”).


nao

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 何 (nū)

Kunigami: 何 (nū)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 何 (nū)

Okinawan: 何 (nū)

Okinoerabu: 何 (nū)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 何 (nū)

Tokunoshima: 何 (nu)

Yoron: 何 (nū)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 何 (nau, nō)

Yaeyama: 何 (nō)

Yonaguni: 何 (nū)


wata

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai:

Aden: 腹 (wata) (tone class AB)

Araki: 腹 (wata) (tone class AB)

Kamikatetsu: 腹 (wata) (tone class AB)

Nakasato: 腹 (wata) (tone class AB)

Onotsu: 腹 (wata) (tone class BC)

Sakamine: 腹 (wata) (tone class AB)

Shiomichi: 腹 (wata) (tone class AB)

Shitōke: 腹 (wata) (tone class BC)

Wan: 腹 (wata) (tone class AB)

Kunigami:

Nakijin: 腹 (watā) (tone class B)

Northern Amami Ōshima:

Yamatohama: 腹 (waθa)

Yuwan: 腹 (wata)

Okinawan:

Naha: 腹 (wata)

Shuri: 腹 (wata) (tone class B)

Okinoerabu:

Ashikiyora: 腹 (watā)

Kunigami: 腹 (watā) (tone class B)

Kamihirakawa: 腹 (watā) (tone class B)

Tamina: 腹 (wattā)

Wadomari: 腹 (watā)

Southern Amami Ōshima:

Koniya: 腹 (wata)

Shodon: 腹 (wata) (tone class BC)

Tokunoshima:

Asama: 腹 (watā) (tone class B)

Inō: 腹 (wata)

Yoron: 腹 (wata) (tone class B)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako:

Bora: 腹 (bata)

Hirara: 腹 (bata)

Ikema: 腹 (bata) (tone class B)

Irabu: 腹 (bata)

Karimata: 腹 (bada)

Kugai: 腹 (bata)

Kurima: 腹 (bata)

Ōgami: 腹 (pata)

Minna: 腹 (bata) (tone class B)

Nagahama: 腹 (bata)

Sarahama: 腹 (bata)

Shiokawa: 腹 (bata)

Sunagawa: 腹 (bata)

Tarama: 腹 (bata) (tone class B)

Yaeyama:

Hateruma: 腹 (bata) (tone class BC)

Ishigaki: 腹 (bada) (tone class BC)

Kohama: 腹 (bada) (tone class BC)

Kuroshima: 腹 (bata)

Taketomi: 腹 (bata) (tone class BC)

Yonaguni: 腹 (bata) (tone class B)

From Proto-Japonic *wata (“entrails, gut, intestine”), with a change in meaning.


pira

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 平 (fira, shira)

Kunigami: 平 (pyā)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 平 (hira)

Okinawan: 平 (fira)

Okinoerabu: 平 (hyā)

Tokunoshima: 平 (sïra)

Yoron: 平 (pyā)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 平 (psïsa, in compounds)

Yaeyama: 平 (psïsa)

⇒ Yaeyama: だびら (dabira)


ur-

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 売ゆい (uyui)

Kunigami: 売ん (un)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 売るり (ururi)

Okinawan: 売ゆん (uyun)

Okinoerabu: 売ゆん (uyun)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 売ゆむっ (uyum)

Tokunoshima: 売りぃ (urï)

Yoron: 売ゆん (uyun)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 売 (v)

Yonaguni: 売るん (urun)


kono

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 此ん (fun), 此ぬ (funu, kunu)

Kunigami: 此ぬ (funu)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 此ん (xun)

Okinawan: 此ぬ (kunu)

Okinoerabu: 此ぬ (funu)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 此ん (xun)

Tokunoshima: 此ん (kun)

Yoron: 此ぬ (funu)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 此ぬ (kunu)

Yaeyama: 此ぬ (kunu)

Yonaguni: 此ぬ (kunu)


kuro

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 黒 (kurū), 黒せい (kurusai)

Kunigami: 黒 (kurū), 黒しぇん (kurushen)

desc

Northern Amami Ōshima: 黒 (kurū), 黒さり (kurusari)

Okinawan: 黒 (kurū), 黒さん (kurusan)

Okinoerabu: 黒 (kurū), 黒さん (kurusan)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 黒 (kurū), 黒さむっ (kurusam)

Tokunoshima: 黒 (kuru), 黒ーい (kurūi)

Yoron: 黒 (kurū), 黒さん (kurusan)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 黒 (ffu)

Yaeyama: 黒 (ffu), 黒さん (ffusan)

⇒ Yonaguni: 黒ちち (furuchichi)


mati

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 待ちゅい (machui)

Kunigami: 待ち゚ゅん (macun)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 待と゚ぅり (maθuri)

Okinawan: 待ちゅん (machun)

Okinoerabu: 待っちゅん (matchun)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 待ちゅむっ (machum)

Tokunoshima: 待つぃ (matsi)

Yoron: 待ちゅん (machun)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 待つ (matsï)

Yaeyama: 待ちゅん (machun)

Yonaguni: 待とぅん (matun)


moko

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 婿, 聟, 壻 (muko), 婿子等, 聟子等, 壻子等 (mōkkwa) (< *moko, *moko-kura)

Kunigami: 婿, 聟, 壻 (mufu)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 婿, 聟, 壻 (moho, muho, mufu)

Okinawan: 婿, 聟, 壻 (mūku)

⇒ Okinoerabu: 婿子等, 聟子等, 壻子等 (mukkwa) (< *moko-kura)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 婿, 聟, 壻 (muho)

⇒ Tokunoshima: 婿殿, 聟殿, 壻殿 (mukudun) (< *moko-dono)

⇒ Yoron: 婿子等, 聟子等, 壻子等 (mūkwā) (< *moko-kura)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 婿, 聟, 壻 (muku)

Yaeyama: 婿, 聟, 壻 (muku)

Yonaguni: 婿, 聟, 壻 (mugu)

From Proto-Japonic *moko (“bridegroom; son-in-law”).


nami

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 波, 浪, 濤 (nami)

Kunigami: 波, 浪, 濤 (namī)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 波, 浪, 濤 (nami)

Okinawan: 波, 浪, 濤 (nami)

Okinoerabu: 波, 浪, 濤 (nāmī, nānī)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 波, 浪, 濤 (nami)

Tokunoshima: 波, 浪, 濤 (namī)

Yoron: 波, 浪, 濤 (nan)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 波, 浪, 濤 (namï)

Yaeyama: 波, 浪, 濤 (nan)

Yonaguni: 波, 浪, 濤 (nan)


mimi

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 耳 (mimi)

Kunigami: 耳 (mimī)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 耳 (min)

Okinawan: 耳 (mimi, min)

Okinoerabu: 耳 (mimi)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 耳 (mimi)

desc

Tokunoshima: 耳 (mïn, transcriptional error for *min?)

Yoron: 耳 (min)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 耳 (mim)

Yaeyama: 耳 (min)

Yonaguni: 耳 (min)


kutu

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: くとぅーさい (kutūsai), くつーさい (kutsūsai)

Kunigami: くちせん (khuchisen)

Northern Amami Ōshima: くつぃなさり (kutsïnasari)

Okinawan: くちさん (kuchisan)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Yaeyama: くつぃさん (kutsïsan)

Yonaguni: くちさん (kuchisan)


kutu

Southern Ryukyuan:

Yaeyama:

Hateruma: 靴 (fuchi) (tone class BC)

Ishigaki: 草鞋 (futsï) (tone class BC (LH tone))

Kabira: 靴 (futsï)

Yonaguni: 靴 (chī) (tone class B)


pada

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kunigami: 肌 (phadā)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 肌 (hada)

Okinawan: 肌 (hada)

Okinoerabu: 肌 (hadā)

Tokunoshima: 肌 (hada)

Yoron: 肌 (pada)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 肌 (pada)

Yaeyama: 肌 (pada)

Yonaguni: 肌 (hada)


oto

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 音 (utu)

Kunigami: 音 (futū)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 音 (uθu)

Okinawan: 音 (utu)

Okinoerabu: 音 (utu)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 音 (uθu)

Tokunoshima: 音 (utu)

Yoron: 音 (utu)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 音 (utu)

Yaeyama: 音 (utu)

Yonaguni: 音 (utu)


naga

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 長ーさい, 永ーさい (nagāsai, nāsai)

Kunigami: 長ーせん, 永ーせん (nagāsen)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 長さり, 永さり (nagasari)

Okinawan: 長さん, 永さん (nagasan)

Okinoerabu: 長さん, 永さん (nagasan)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 長ーさむっ, 永ーさむっ (nagasam)

Tokunoshima: 長あい, 永あい (nagaai)

Yoron: 長さん, 永さん (nagasan)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 長, 永 (naga)

Yaeyama: 長ーさん, 永ーさん (nāsan)

Yonaguni: 長ーん, 永ーん (nān)


ariki

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 歩きゅい (akkyui)

Kunigami: 歩ちゅん (acchun)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 歩くり (akkuri)

Okinawan: 歩ちゅん (acchun)

Okinoerabu: 歩きゅん (akkyun)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 歩きゅむっ (akkyum, arkyum)

Tokunoshima: 歩きゅい (akkyui)

Yoron: 歩きゅん (aikyun)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 歩きぃ (azksï)

Yaeyama: 歩ぐん (aragun, arugun)

Yonaguni: 歩ぐん (aigun)


mara

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 魔羅, 摩羅 (mara)

Kunigami: 魔羅, 摩羅 (marā)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 魔羅, 摩羅 (mara)

Okinawan: 魔羅, 摩羅 (mara)

Okinoerabu: 魔羅, 摩羅 (mara)

Tokunoshima: 魔羅, 摩羅 (mara)

Yoron: 魔羅, 摩羅 (mara)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 魔羅, 摩羅 (mara)

Yaeyama: 魔羅, 摩羅 (mara)

Yonaguni: 魔羅, 摩羅 (mara)


kabu

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kunigami: 株 (khabū)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 株 (gabu)

Okinawan: 株 (kabu)


umu

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 芋 (umu)

Kunigami: 芋 (umū)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 芋 (umu)

Okinawan: 芋 ('nmu)

Okinoerabu: 芋 (umu)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 芋 (m)

Yaeyama: 芋 (umu)

⇒ Yonaguni: 芋 (unti)

From Proto-Japonic *umo (“edible tuber”).


pune

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai:

Aden: 船, 舟 (funi) (tone class C)

Araki: 船, 舟 (punï) (tone class C)

Kamikatetsu: 船, 舟 (puni) (tone class AB)

Nakasato: 船, 舟 (funi) (tone class C)

Onotsu: 船, 舟 (punï) (tone class BC)

Sakamine: 船, 舟 (puni) (tone class C)

Shiomichi: 船, 舟 (funi) (tone class C)

Shitōke: 船, 舟 (funï) (tone class BC)

Wan: 船, 舟 (punï) (tone class C)

Kunigami:

Hentona: 船, 舟 (hin)

Iejima: 船, 舟 (phuni)

Nago: 船, 舟 (phuni) (tone class C)

Nakijin: 船, 舟 (phuni) (tone class C)

Oku: 船, 舟 (hin)

Sumuide: 船, 舟 (puni)

Northern Amami Ōshima:

Naze: 船, 舟 (funï) (tone class C)

Yamatohama: 船, 舟 (funï)

Yuwan: 船, 舟 (funï)

Okinawan:

Naha: 船, 舟 (funi)

Shuri: 船, 舟 (funi) (tone class B)

Okinoerabu:

Kamishiro: 船, 舟 (hīni) (tone class C)

Serikaku: 船, 舟 (hinni)

Tetechina: 船, 舟 (hini)

Southern Amami Ōshima:

Koniya: 船, 舟 (funï)

Shodon: 船, 舟 (funï) (tone class BC)

Tokunoshima:

Asama: 船, 舟 (fūnï) (tone class C)

Inō: 船, 舟 (funï)

San: 船, 舟 (funï) (tone class C)

Yoron: 船, 舟 (puni) (tone class C)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako:

Hirara: 船, 舟 (funi)

Ikema: 船, 舟 (funi) (tone class C)

Minna: 船, 舟 (funi) (tone class C)

Nagahama: 船, 舟 (funi)

Ōgami: 船, 舟 (funi)

Ōura: 船, 舟 (funi) (tone class C)

Sarahama: 船, 舟 (funi)

Shiokawa: 船, 舟 (funi)

Tarama: 船, 舟 (funi) (tone class C)

Uechi: 船, 舟 (funi)

Yonaha: 船, 舟 (funi)

Yaeyama:

Hateruma: 船, 舟 (funi) (tone class BC)

Ishigaki: 船, 舟 (funi) (tone class BC)

Kuroshima: 船, 舟 (funi)

Sonai: 船, 舟 (funi)

Taketomi: 船, 舟 (funi) (tone class BC)

Yonaguni: 船, 舟 (nni) (tone class C)


tori

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 鳥 (θui)

Kunigami: 鳥 (thui)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 鳥 (θuri)

Okinawan: 鳥 (tui)

Okinoerabu: 鳥 (tui)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 鳥 (tur)

Tokunoshima: 鳥 (tui)

Yoron: 鳥 (tui)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 鳥 (tūz)

Yaeyama: 鳥 (turï)

Yonaguni: 鳥 (tui)


azi

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 味 (aji)

Kunigami: 味 (ajī, ajē)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 味 (aji)

Okinawan: 味 (aji)

Okinoerabu: 味 (ajī)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 味 (aje)

Tokunoshima: 味 (ajī)

Yoron: 味 (aji)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 味 (azï)

Yaeyama: 味 (azï)

Yonaguni: 味 (adi)

From Proto-Japonic *anti (“flavor, taste”).


ota

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 歌 (uta)

Kunigami: 歌 (futā)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 歌 (uθa, oθa)

Okinawan: 歌 (uta)

Okinoerabu: 歌 (uta, utā)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 歌 (uθa)

Tokunoshima: 歌 (uta)

Yoron: 歌 (uta)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Yaeyama: 歌 (uta)

Yonaguni: 歌 (uta)


pige

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 髭 (pini)

Kunigami: 髭 (pijī)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 髭 (higi)

Okinawan: 髭 (fiji)

Okinoerabu: 髭 (higī)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 髭 (higi)

Tokunoshima: 髭 (sïgi)

Yoron: 髭 (pigi)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 髭 (psïgi)

Yaeyama: 髭 (psïni)

Yonaguni: 髭 (ngi)


sini

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 死にゅい (shinyui)

Kunigami: 死ぬん (shinun)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 死みゅり (shimyuri)

Okinawan: 死ぬん (shinun)

Okinoerabu: 死にゅん (shinyun)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 死にゅむっ (shinyum)

Tokunoshima: 死み (sïmi)

Yoron: 死にゅん (shinyun)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 死 (sun)

Yaeyama: 死ぬん (sïnun)

Yonaguni: 死ぬん (nnun)

From Proto-Japonic *sinu (“to die; go away, leave”).


mura

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 村 (mura)

Kunigami: 村 (murā)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 村 (mora)

Okinawan: 村 (mura)

Okinoerabu: 村 (mura)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 村 (mura)

Tokunoshima: 村 (murā)

Yoron: 村 (mura)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 村 (mura)

Yaeyama: 村 (mura)

Yonaguni: 村 (mura)

From Proto-Japonic *mura (“village, settlement”).


wara

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 藁 (wara)

Kunigami: 藁 (warā)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 藁 (wara)

Okinawan: 藁 (wara)

Okinoerabu: 藁 (wara)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 藁 (wara, warā)

Tokunoshima: 藁 (warā)

Yoron: 藁 (wara)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 藁 (bara)

Yaeyama: 藁 (bara)

Yonaguni: 藁 (bara)


kimo

Northern Ryukyuan: 기모 (/ki.mo/) (Haytong Ceykwukki, 1501)

Kikai: 肝 (kimu, chimu)

Kunigami: 肝 (chimū)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 肝 (kimo)

Okinawan: 肝 (chimu)

Okinoerabu: 肝 (chimu)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 肝 (kimo)

Tokunoshima: 肝 (kimu)

Yoron: 肝 (kimu)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 肝 (ksïmu)

Yaeyama: 肝 (ksïmu)

Yonaguni: 肝 (chimu)

From Proto-Japonic *kimo (“innards; internal organs”).


sita

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai:

Aden: 下 (ssa) (tone class AB)

Araki: 下 (sa') (tone class AB)

Nakasato: 下 (sa') (tone class AB)

Onotsu: 下 (ssa) (tone class A)

Sakamine: 下 (ssa) (tone class AB)

Shiomichi: 下 (ssha) (tone class AB)

Shitōke: 下 (sā) (tone class A)

Wan: 下 (ssa) (tone class AB)

Kunigami:

Hentona: 下 (hicha)

Nakijin: 下 (shichā) (tone class A)

Oku: 下 (hisa)

Sumuide: 下 (shicha, hicha)

Northern Amami Ōshima:

Naze: 下 (sa)

Yamatohama: 下 (shā)

Yuwan: 下 (sha)

Okinawan:

Naha: 下 (shicha)

Shuri: 下 (shicha) (tone class A)

Okinoerabu:

Serikaku: 下 (shā)

Tetechina: 下 (shā)

Southern Amami Ōshima:

Koniya: 下 (shā)

Shodon: 下 (shā) (tone class A)

Tokunoshima:

Inō: 下 (sāra) (< *sita-wara (“downward direction”))

Kametsu: 下 (shā)

Yoron: 下 (shicha)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako:

Hirara: 下 (sïta)

Ikema: 下 (sïta) (tone class A)

Irabu: 下 (sïta)

Minna: 下 (sïta) (tone class A)

Nagahama: 下 (sïta)

Ōgami: 下 (sta)

Sarahama: 下 (sïta)

Shiokawa: 下 (sïta)

Tarama: 下 (sïta) (tone class A)

Uechi: 下 (sïta)

Yaeyama:

Hateruma: 下 (sïta)

Hatoma: 下 (shita)

Ishigaki: 下 (sïta)

Sonai: 下 (shita)

Taketomi: 下 (shita)

Yonaguni: 下 (ttāra) (< *sita-wara (“downward direction”)) (tone class C)


sita

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kunigami:

Nakijin: 舌 (shichā) (tone class B)

Okinawan:

Shuri: 舌 (shicha) (tone class B)

Okinoerabu:

Ashikiyora: 舌 (shā)

Kamihirakawa: 舌 (shā)

Southern Amami Ōshima:

Shodon: 舌 (shā) (tone class BC)

Yoron: 舌 (shicha) (tone class B)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako:

Aragusuku: 舌 (sïda)

Bora: 舌 (sïda)

Fukuzato: 舌 (sïda)

Higa: 舌 (sïda)

Hirara: 舌 (sïda)

Ikema: 舌 (sïta, tta) (tone class B)

Irabu: 舌 (sïta)

Karimata: 舌 (sïta)

Kuninaka: 舌 (sïta)

Kurima: 舌 (sïda)

Minna: 舌 (sïta) (tone class B)

Nagahama: 舌 (sïta)

Nagama: 舌 (sïda)

Nakachi: 舌 (sïta)

Nishihara: 舌 (tta)

Nishizato: 舌 (sïda)

Ōgami: 舌 (sïta)

Ōura: 舌 (ïda)

Shimozato: 舌 (sïda)

Tarama: 舌 (sïta) (tone class B)

Tomori: 舌 (sïda)

Uechi: 舌 (sïda)

Uruka: 舌 (sïda)

Yonaha: 舌 (sïda)

Yaeyama:

Ishigaki: 舌 (sïta)

Yonaguni: 舌 (tta) (tone class B)


kati

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 勝ちゅい (xachui)

Kunigami: 勝ちゅん (khachun)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 勝と゚ぅり (xaθuri)

Okinawan: 勝ちゅん (kachun)

Okinoerabu: 勝ちゅん (hachun)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 勝ちゅむっ (kachum)

Tokunoshima: 勝ちゅい (kachui)

Yoron: 勝ちゅん (hachun)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 勝つ (katsï)

Yaeyama: 勝つん (katsun)

Yonaguni: 勝とぅん (katun)


puru

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 古さい (purusai, furusai)

Kunigami: 古せん (phurusen)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 古さり (furusari)

Okinawan: 古さん (furusan)

Okinoerabu: 古さん (furusan)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 古さむっ (fursam)

Tokunoshima: 古あい (furuai)

Yoron: 古さん (purusan)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 古 (fuz)

Yaeyama: 古さーん (furusān)

Yonaguni: 古さん (furusan)

From Proto-Japonic *puru (“ancient, old”).


kage

Northern Ryukyuan:

desc

Kikai: 陰, 影 (han'gi, han'gï, hai. han'gā)

Kunigami: 陰, 影 (hagi, khāgi, khāgā)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 陰, 影 (xage)

Okinawan: 陰, 影 (kāgi, kaji, kāgā)

Okinoerabu: 陰, 影 (hagi, haga)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 陰, 影 (kagë)

Tokunoshima: 陰, 影 (xagï, xaga)

Yoron: 陰, 影 (hagi, haga)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 陰, 影 (kagi)

Yaeyama: 陰, 影 (kai, kagi)

Yonaguni: 陰, 影 (kan'gi)

From Proto-Japonic *kankai (“shade, shadow”).


arare

Northern Ryukyuan:

Yoron: 霰 (arari)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 霰 (arari)

Yaeyama: 霰 (arari)

From Proto-Japonic *arare (“hail”). The shift from tone class A to B is irregular.


suba

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: すば (suba)

Kunigami: しばー (shibā /ɕíbàː/)

Northern Amami Ōshima: すぃば (sïba)

Okinawan: すぃば (siba /sìbà/)

Okinoerabu: しばー (shibā /ɕìbǎː/)

Southern Amami Ōshima: すぃば (sïba /sɨ̀bàˑ/)

Tokunoshima: すぃば (sïba /sɨ̀bâ/), すぃびゃ (sïbya /sɨ̀bjâ/)

Yoron: しば (shiba /ɕìbá/)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: すば (sïba)

ɸù̥tsɨ́.sùbà

Yaeyama: 口すば (futsï-suba /ɸù̥tsɨ́.sùbà/) (< *kuti-suba)

Yonaguni: んば (nba /m̀Nbà/)

From Proto-Japonic *sunpa (“lip; tongue”).


suda

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 涼さい (sudasai)

Kunigami: 涼しぇん (shidāshen)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 涼さん (sïdashari)

Okinawan: 涼さん (shidasan)

Tokunoshima: 涼ーい (sïdāi)

Yoron: 涼ーしゃん (shodāshan)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 涼しぃ (sïdāsï)

Yaeyama: 涼っさん (sïdassan)

Yonaguni: 涼さん (ndasan, shidasan, shirasan)


saki

Northern Ryukyuan: さき (saki) (Omoro Sōshi, 1531)

Kikai: 先, 前, 崎, 埼, 岬, 碕 (sachi)

Kunigami: 先, 前, 崎, 埼, 岬, 碕 (sachī /sàtɕíː/)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 先, 前, 崎, 埼, 岬, 碕 (saki)

Okinawan: 先, 前, 崎, 埼, 岬, 碕 (sachi /sátɕì/)

Okinoerabu: 先, 前, 崎, 埼, 岬, 碕 (sachi /sàtɕí/)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 先, 前, 崎, 埼, 岬, 碕 (sak /sák̩/)

Tokunoshima: 先, 前, 崎, 埼, 岬, 碕 (saki /sàkɪ́/)

Yoron: 先, 前, 崎, 埼, 岬, 碕 (saki /sàkì/)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 先, 前, 崎, 埼, 岬, 碕 (saksï)

Yaeyama: 先, 前, 崎, 埼, 岬, 碕 (sakï /sákɨ̀/)

Yonaguni: 先, 前, 崎, 埼, 岬, 碕 (sati /sàtí/)

From Proto-Japonic *saki (“point, tip; cape; peninsula”).


tume

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 爪 (tumi, tsumi)

Kunigami: 爪 (chimī)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 爪 (chimï, tsïmï)

Okinawan: 爪 (chimi)

Okinoerabu: 爪 (chimi, chimī)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 爪 (tïmï)

Tokunoshima: 爪 (tsïmï)

Yoron: 爪 (chimi)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 爪 (tsïmi)

Yaeyama: 爪 (tsïmi)

Yonaguni: 爪 (nmi)

From Proto-Japonic *tumay (“nail, claw”).


tosi

Northern Ryukyuan: 多失 (toshi) (Liúqiú guăn yìyŭ, 1469–1470)

Kikai: 年, 歳 (tushi)

Kunigami: 年, 歳 (tushī)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 年, 歳 (tushi)

Okinawan: 年, 歳 (tushi)

Okinoerabu: 年, 歳 (tushi, tushī)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 年, 歳 (tushi)

Tokunoshima: 年, 歳 (tusï)

Yoron: 年, 歳 (tushi)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 年, 歳 (tusï)

Yaeyama: 年, 歳 (tusï)

Yonaguni: 年, 歳 (tuchi)


no

Northern Ryukyuan: 노 (/no/) (Haytong Ceykwukki, 1501)

Kikai: ぬ (nu)

Kunigami: ぬ (nu)

Northern Amami Ōshima: ぬ (nu)

Okinawan: ぬ (nu)

Okinoerabu: ぬ (nu)

Southern Amami Ōshima: ぬ (nu)

Tokunoshima: ぬ (nu)

Yoron: ぬ (nu)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: ぬ (nu)

Yaeyama: ぬ (nu)

Yonaguni: ぬ (nu)

From Proto-Japonic *nə (“genitive case marker”).


karu

Northern Ryukyuan: *karu, *garu

Kunigami: 軽しぇん (gasshen /gáꞯɕèɴ/)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 軽さり (garusari)

desc

káꞯsâɴ, gáꞯsâɴ

Okinawan: 軽さん (kassan, gassan /káꞯsâɴ, gáꞯsâɴ/)

Okinoerabu: 軽さん (harusan /hàɾùsâɴ/)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 軽さむっ (xarsam /kʰàɾsàm̩/)

Tokunoshima: 軽はい (garohai /gàɾòháɪ̀/)

Yoron: 軽さん (harusan /hàɾùsàɴ/)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 軽ーㇲ゙ (kāz)

Yaeyama: 軽さーん (karasān /káɾásàːɴ/)

Yonaguni: 軽ん (karan /kàɾáɴ/)

From Proto-Japonic *karu (“light, lightweight”).


yuri

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 百合 (yuri)

Kunigami: 百合 (yuri)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 百合 (yuri)

Okinawan: 百合 (yui)

Okinoerabu: 百合 (yuri)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 百合 (yuri, yur)

Tokunoshima: 百合 (yui)

Yoron: 百合 (yuni)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 百合 (yūz)

Yaeyama: 百合 (yun)

Yonaguni: 百合 (duyu)


posi

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 星 (pushi, fushi)

Kunigami: 星 (phushī)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 星 (fushi)

Okinawan: 星 (fushi)

Okinoerabu: 星 (fushi, fushī)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 星 (fushi, fush)

Tokunoshima: 星 (fusï)

Yoron: 星 (pushi)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 星 (pusï)

Yaeyama: 星 (pusï)

Yonaguni: 星 (fuchi)

From Proto-Japonic *pəsi (“star, planet”).


posi

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 欲しゃい (fushai), 欲さい (fusai)

desc

Kunigami: 欲っしぇん (phusshen), 欲しぇん (-bushen)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 欲しゃり (hoshari, -boshari)

Okinawan: 欲しゃん (fushan, -bushan), 欲さん (fusan, -busan)

Okinoerabu: 欲しゃん (fushan, -bushan)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 欲しゃむっ (fusham, -busham)

Tokunoshima: 欲さい (fusai)

Yoron: 欲しゃん (pushan, -bushan)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 欲す (pusï)

Yaeyama: 欲さーん (pusān)

Yonaguni: 欲さん (fusan, -busan)

From Proto-Japonic *pəsi (“wanted, desired”).


sori

Northern Ryukyuan:

Northern Amami Ōshima: 剃い (suri)

Okinoerabu: 剃い (sui)

Tokunoshima: 剃い (shui)

Yoron: 剃い (sui)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 剃イ゚ (suɿ)


teda

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 天道, 太陽 (θida, θïda)

Kunigami: 天道, 太陽 (thidā)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 天道, 太陽 (θeda)

Okinawan: 天道, 太陽 (tīda)

Okinoerabu: 天道, 太陽 (θida)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 天道, 太陽 (θïda)

Tokunoshima: 天道, 太陽 (θida)

Yoron: 天道, 太陽 (tida)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 天道, 太陽 (tida)

Yaeyama: 天道, 太陽 (tida)

Yonaguni: 天道, 太陽 (tidan)

According to Kupchik (2021), borrowed from Amis cidal (“sun”).
Alternatively, ultimately from a source deriving from Chinese 天道. Proponents of the Chinese derivation use other examples where Sino-Japanese au correspond to Proto-Ryukyuan *-a(a); e.g. *sata (“sugar”), *katya (“mosquito net”), etc. Hattori (2018, 67) also cites Old Okinawan correspondances in the Omoro Sōshi, such as すぢや (suj(iy)a, “all living things”, 素性 (sujō)), ひやし (h(i)yashi, “rhythm”, 拍子 (hyōshi)), や (ya, “look, appearance, way”, 様 (yō)), きや (k(i)ya, “capital”, 京 (kyō)), いちらご (ichirago, “Ichirō”, 一郎子 (Ichirō-go)), たら (tara, “Tarō”, 太郎 (Tarō)). However there are problems:
* *sata (“sugar”) has word-final length, which could imply the diminutive suffix *-a(a).
* *katya (“mosquito net”) is strangely absent from all Amami dialects except for Tokunoshima and Yoron, where it instead uses *kaya, but it is attested in Okinawa, Miyako, and Yaeyama topolects, implying a loanword from a Chinese source in (Proto-)Okinawan with a spread to the south.
The word *pi refers to days; this word likely displaced this meaning due to a taboo homonym *pi (“vulva”).


-te

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: てﾟぃ (θi)

Kunigami: てぃ (thi)

Northern Amami Ōshima: とぃ (tï)

Okinawan: てぃ (ti)

Okinoerabu: てﾟぃ (θi)

Southern Amami Ōshima: とぃ (tï)

Tokunoshima: てﾟぃ (θi)

Yoron: てぃ (ti)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: ってぃ (tti) (< *site)

Yaeyama: ってぃ (tti)

Yonaguni: てぃ (ti)

From Proto-Japonic *-te (“conjunctive form of the completion marker (in verbs)”).

inh

conjunctive form of completion marker (in verbs)


ik-

Northern Ryukyuan

Okinawan: 行ちゅん (ichun)

Southern Ryukyuan

Miyako: 行きぃ (iksï)

Yonaguni: 行ぐん (igun)


sao

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 竿, 棹, 桿 (sō)

Kunigami: 竿, 棹, 桿 (sō)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 竿, 棹, 桿 (sō)

Okinawan: 竿, 棹, 桿 (sō)

Okinoerabu: 竿, 棹, 桿 (sō)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 竿, 棹, 桿 (so, sō)

Tokunoshima: 竿, 棹, 桿 (sau)

Yoron: 竿, 棹, 桿 (sō)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 竿, 棹, 桿 (sau, sō)

Yaeyama: 竿, 棹, 桿 (sō)

Yonaguni: 竿, 棹, 桿 (sū)


siru

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 汁 (shiru)

Kunigami: 汁 (shirū)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 汁 (shiru)

Okinawan: 汁 (shiru)

Okinoerabu: 汁 (shirū)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 汁 (shiru)

Tokunoshima: 汁 (sïru)

Yoron: 汁 (shū, suru)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 汁 (sïï)

Yaeyama: 汁 (sïrï)

Yonaguni: 汁 (chiru)


wasi

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kunigami: 鷲 (washī)

Okinawan: 鷲 (washi)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 鷲 (basï)

Yaeyama: 鷲 (basï)


moti

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 持ちゅい (muchui)

Kunigami: 持ちゅん (muchun)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 持と゚ぅり (muθuri)

Okinawan: 持ちゅん (muchun)

Okinoerabu: 持ちゅん (muchun)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 持ちゅむっ (muchum)

Tokunoshima: 持つぃ (mutsï)

Yoron: 持ちゅん (muchun)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 持つぃ (mutsï)

Yaeyama: 持つん (mutsun)

Yonaguni: 持とぅん (mutun)

From Proto-Japonic *mətu (“to carry, hold”).


moti

Northern Ryukyuan:

Northern Amami Ōshima:

Okinawan: 黐 (muchi)

From Proto-Japonic *məti, probably also from Proto-Japonic *mətu (“to hold”). Derivatives all refer to sticky items, suggesting a connection with the verb form's sense of "holding, keeping", becoming "holding → sticking → trapping", depending on the descendant term.


moti

Northern Ryukyuan:

Northern Amami Ōshima: 糯 (muchi)

Okinawan: 糯 (muchi)

Southern Ryukyuan:

⇒ Yaeyama: 糯粟 (mutsï-ā)

glutinous rice, millet, or other glutinous grain


tuki

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 月 (tuchi, tsuki)

Kunigami: 月 (shichī, hichī)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 月 (tsïki, chiki)

Okinawan: 月 (tsichi, chichi)

Okinoerabu: 月 (chiki)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 月 (θki)

Tokunoshima: 月 (tsïki)

Yoron: 月 (chiki)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 月 (tsïksï, tsïkï)

Yaeyama: 月 (tsïkï)

Yonaguni: 月 (ttī)

From Proto-Japonic *tukui (“moon, month”).


suri

Northern Ryukyuan:

desc

Kikai: 擦ゆい, 摩ゆい, 磨ゆい, 擂ゆい, 摺ゆい, 刷ゆい (suyui)

Kunigami: 擦ん, 摩ん, 磨ん, 擂ん, 摺ん, 刷ん (shin)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 擦るり, 摩るり, 磨るり, 擂るり, 摺るり, 刷るり (sïruri)

Okinawan: 擦ゆん, 摩ゆん, 磨ゆん, 擂ゆん, 摺ゆん, 刷ゆん (shiyun)

Okinoerabu: 擦ゆん, 摩ゆん, 磨ゆん, 擂ゆん, 摺ゆん, 刷ゆん (shiyun)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 擦りゅむっ, 摩りゅむっ, 磨りゅむっ, 擂りゅむっ, 摺りゅむっ, 刷りゅむっ (sïryum)

Tokunoshima: 擦りぃ, 摩りぃ, 磨りぃ, 擂りぃ, 摺りぃ, 刷りぃ (sïrï)

Yoron: 擦ゅん, 摩ゅん, 磨ゅん, 擂ゅん, 摺ゅん, 刷ゅん (shun)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 擦しぃ, 摩しぃ, 磨しぃ, 擂しぃ, 摺しぃ, 刷しぃ (ssï)

Yaeyama: 擦すん, 摩すん, 磨すん, 擂すん, 摺すん, 刷すん (ssun)

Yonaguni: 擦るん, 摩るん, 磨るん, 擂るん, 摺るん, 刷るん (chirun)


osu

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kikai: 臼, 碓 (usu)

Kunigami: 臼, 碓 (ushi, ushī)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 臼, 碓 (usï)

Okinawan: 臼, 碓 (ūshi)

Okinoerabu: 臼, 碓 (ushi)

Southern Amami Ōshima: 臼, 碓 (usï)

Tokunoshima: 臼, 碓 (usï)

Yoron: 臼, 碓 (ushi)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 臼, 碓 (usï)

Yaeyama: 臼, 碓 (usï)

Yonaguni: 臼, 碓 (uchi)


siri

Northern Ryukyuan:

Kunigami: 知ん (shin) (only used as a suffix)

Northern Amami Ōshima: 知るり (shiruri)

Okinawan: 知ゆん (shiyun)

Yoron: 知っちゅん (shitchun) (< *sir-i-t-e-wori)

Southern Ryukyuan:

Miyako: 知 (ssï)

Yaeyama: 知すん (sïsun)

Yonaguni: 知ん (chun)