tuba

Central Philippine

Danao

Maranao: toba

Visayan

Cebuano: tuba

Tausug: tuba'


upas

Philippine

Gorontalo–Mongondow

Mongondow: opa-upat

Sangiric

Sangir: upaseʔ

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Iban: upas

desctree

Malay: upas
Indonesian: upas
→ English: upas
→ Russian: упас (upas)

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: upas

Sasak: opas

Sundanese: upas

Madurese: opas

Old Javanese: upas

Javanese: upas

Celebic

Saluan–Banggai

Banggai: upas

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Manggarai: upas

Kambera: upahu


anu

Proto-Philippine: *qanú

Tagalog: ano

Chamorro:

Malay: anu

Old Javanese:

Javanese: anu

Old Sundanese: naun

Sundanese: naon


balik

Central Philippine

Tagalog: balik

Visayan

Cebuano: balik

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malay: balik


kali

Philippine

Batanic

Yami: kali

Ibatan: kadi

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: káli

Northeastern Luzon

Dupaningan Agta: kali

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: kale

Meso-Cordilleran

Central Cordilleran

Kankanaey: kelí

Northern Kankanay: kali

Southern Cordilleran

Pangasinan: kalí

Keley-I Kallahan: kalih

Central Luzon

Bolinao: kali

Abenlen Ayta: kali

Mag-Anchi Ayta: kali

Greater Central Philippine

Central Phillipine

Tagalog: kali

Visayan

Hiligaynon: káli

Tausug: kali'

Mansakan

Mansaka: kari

Tagakaulu Kalagan: kali'

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: kali

Danao

Maranao: kali

Subanen

Central Subanen: ali

Manobo

Ata Manobo: kali

Obo Manobo: kali

Agusan Manobo: kali

Cotabato Manobo: kali

Western Bukidnon Manobo: káli

Palawanic

Brooke's Point Palawano: kali

Central Palawano: kali

Aborlan Tagbanwa: kali

Central Tagbanwa: kali

Gorontalo–Mongondow

Mongondow: kali

Kalamian

Agutaynen: ali

Calamian Tagbanwa: ali

Minahasan

Tontemboan: kali

Greater Barito

Sama–Bajaw

Central Sama: kali

Southern Sama: kali

Mapun: kali

Yakan: kali

East Barito

Malagasy: hady

North Bornean

Northeast Sabahan

Ida'an: koli

Bonggi: kali

Southwest Sabahan

Dusunic

Rungus: kali

Northeast Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Karo Batak: kali

Toba Batak: hali

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Iban: kali

Malay: gali
Indonesian: gali
North Moluccan Malay: gale

Urak Lawoi': กาลี (kali)

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Sasak: kaliq

Sumbawa: kali

Sundanese: kali

South Sulawesi

Tae': kali

Duri: kali

Celebic

Muna–Buton

Muna: seli

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Western Flores

Manggarai: hali

Palu'e: kali

Sumba–Hawu

Dhao: kai

Flores–Lembata

Sika: gali

Kei–Tanimbar

Yamdena: n-kal

Fordata: kali

Timoric

Helong: gali

Uab Meto: hani

Aru

West Tarangan: kel

Central Maluku

Buru (Indonesia): kalik

Chamorro: hali

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Halmahera–Cenderawasih

As: kail

Proto-Oceanic: *kali, *keli

Western Oceanic

North New Guinea

Bebeli: kel

Sengseng: kel

Papuan Tip

Saliba (New Guinea): keli

Central–Eastern Oceanic

Southern Oceanic

Tiale: eli

Amblong: el

Central Pacific

Proto-Polynesian: *kali, *keli

Tongic

Tongan: keli

Niuean: keli

Nuclear Polynesian

Samoic

Samoan: eli

Tokelauan: keli

Eastern Polynesian

Marquesic

Hawaiian: ʻeli, ʻali

Mangarevan: keri, kari

North Marquesan: keʻi, kaʻi

Tahitic

Maori: keri, kari

Rarotongan: keri

Rapa Nui: keri

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *kalih.


kali

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: kali

Keley-I Kallahan: kalih

Central Philippine

Bikol Central: kali

Masbatenyo: kali

East Barito

Malagasy: hady

Old Javanese: kali

desctree

Javanese: ꦏꦭꦶ (kali)
→ Betawi: kali
→ Dutch: kali
→ Indonesian: kali
→ Malay: kali

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *kali.


bulan

Proto-Philippine: *bulan (see there for further descendants)

Sama-Bajaw:

Yakan: bulan

Barito:

Malagasy: volana

Ngaju: bulan

North Bornean:

Proto-North Sarawak: *bulan

Bakung: bulan

Baram Kayan: bulan

Bintulu: bulan

Kelabit: bulan

Proto-Batak:

Dairi Batak: bulan

Karo Batak: bulan

Toba Batak: bulan

Old Javanese: bulan, wulan
Javanese: bulan
Javanese: ꦮꦸꦭꦤ꧀ (wulan)
→ Indonesian: wulan

→ Balinese: ᬯᬸᬮᬦ᭄ (wulan)

Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa

Balinese: bulan

Sasak: bulan

Malayo-Chamic

Proto-Chamic: *bulaːn

Tsat: phian¹¹

Proto-Malayic: *bulan (see there for further descendants)

Sundanese: bulan

Proto-South Sulawesi: *bulan (see there for further descendants)

Chamorro: pulan

Palauan: buil

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Sumba-Flores:

Palu'e: wula

Timoric:

Tetum: fulan

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Oceanic:

Fijian: vula

moon (largest natural satellite of planet Earth)


kita

Proto-Philippine:

Hiligaynon: kita

Ilocano: kita

Tagalog: kita

Proto-Polynesian:

Hawaiian: ʻike

Maori: kite

Niuean: kitia


kami

Javanese: ꦏꦩꦶ (kami)

Malayo-Chamic

Malayic

Malay: kami
Indonesian: kami

Philippine

Batanic

Ibatan: kami

Ivatan: kami

Central Philippine

Bikol

Bikol Central: kami

Bisayan

Cebuano: kami

Hiligaynon: kami

Waray-Waray: kami

Tagalog: kami

Northern Luzon

Cagayan Valley

Northern Cordilleran

Ibanagic

Itawit: kami

Isnag: kami, sikami

Ilocano: dakami, sikami

Meso-Cordilleran

South-Central Cordilleran

Central Cordilleran

North-Central Cordilleran

Nuclear Cordilleran

Bontok-Kankanaey

Bontok-Finnalig

Central Bontoc: dakami

Northeastern Luzon

Southern Northeastern Luzon

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: kame


pula

Proto-Philippine

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: pula

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Bikol

Bikol Central: pula

Bisayan

Aklanon: puea

Cebuano: pula

Tausug: pula

Waray-Waray: pula

Tagalog: pula


teken

Central Philippine

Danao

Maranao: teken

Visayan

Cebuano: tukon

Tausug: tukun


tau

Central Philippine

Tagalog: tao

Bikol

Bikol Central: tawo

Danao

Maranao: tao

Mansakan

Mansaka: tau

Visayan

Cebuano: tawo

Hiligaynon: tao

Tausug: tau

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: tao


tuna

Central Malayo-Polynesian:

Sumba–Flores:

Bima: duna

Kambera: tuna

Manggarai: duna, tuna

Ngadha: duna

Timor–Babar:

Baikeno: tunɛ

Bilba: tuna

Tetun Dili: tuna

→ Eritai: tuna

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih:

Waropen: kuna

Proto-Oceanic: *tuna
Admiralty Islands:
Manus Islands:
Gele': drun
Kurti: drun
Mondropolon: cun
Southeastern Islands:
Lenkau: trun
Penchal: run
Central-Eastern Oceanic:
Central Pacific:
Fijian: duna
Proto-Polynesian: *tuna
Proto-Nuclear Polynesian:
Proto-Eastern Polynesian:
Marquesic:
Hawaiian: kuna
Mangarevan: tuna
Tahitic:
Maori: tuna
Rarotongan: tuna
Rapa: tuna
Tahitian: tuna
Tuamotuan: tuna
Western Polynesian:
Ellicean-Outlier:
Nuguria: tuna
Nukuoro: tuna
Pileni: tuna
Takuu: tuna
Tuvaluan: tuna
Futunic:
Anuta: tuna
East Futuna: tuna
Futuna-Aniwa: tuna
Pukapukan: tuna
Tikopia: tuna
Samoic:
Niuatoputapu: tuna
Samoan: tuna
Tongic:
Niuean: tuna
Tongan: tuna
Rotuman: funa
Western Fijian: tuna
Micronesian: *tuna
Kosraean: ton
→ Marshallese: toṇ
Western Oceanic:
North New Guinea:
Ngero–Vitiaz
Gitua: tuna
Mbula: tuunu
Schouten:
Kairiru: tun
Wogeo: tuña
Papuan Tip:
Wedau: tuna

Western Malayo-Polynesian:

Greater Barito:

Malagasy: tona

Proto-Philippine:

Cebuano: tuna

Ibatan: tona

Yami: tona

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Malay: tuna


lupa

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malay: lupa


apa

Celebic:

Kaili–Pamona:

Pamona: apa

Wotu–Wolio:

Wolio: apa

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *apa

Central Malayo-Polynesian:

Aru:

Dobel: ya

Central Maluku:

Watubela: afa

Flores–Lembata:

Sika: apa

Sumba–Flores:

Bima–Sumba:

Komodo: apa

Ende–Manggarai:

Manggarai: apa

Ngadha: apa

Rembong: apa

Sumba–Hawu:

Laboya: afa

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *apa
Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih: *apa
Buli (Indonesia): ahai
Maden: nahapa
Waigeo: letalapa
Proto-Oceanic: *apa
Proto-Polynesian:
Proto-Nuclear Polynesian: *afa
Proto-Eastern Polynesian:
Hawaiian: aha
Maori: aha
Rapa Nui: aha
Tahitian: aha

Chamorro: hafa

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa:

Balinese: ᬳᬧ (apa)

Sasak: apa

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Chamic:

Acehnese: peuë

Proto-Malayic: *apa
Brunei Malay: apa
Malay: apa
Indonesian: apa
Minangkabau: apo

Land Dayak:

Bidayuh–Rejang:

Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh: apa

Proto-North Sarawak:

Dayic:

Kelabit: apeh

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:

Batak:

Karo Batak: ᯀᯇ (apa)

Mentawai: apa

Old Javanese: apa

Javanese: ꦲꦥ (apa)

Proto-Philippine: *apa

Minahasan:

Tontemboan: apa

Sangiric:

Sangir: apa

Talaud: apa

Proto-South Sulawesi: *apa

Makasar: 𑻱𑻣 (apa)

Mandar: apa

Tae': apa


balian

Celebic:

Bungku–Tolaki:

Kulisusu: wolia

Kaili–Pamona:

Pamona: wulia, balia

Uma: balia

Wotu–Wolio:

Wolio: balia

Greater Barito:

East Barito:

Ma'anyan: wadian

West Barito:

Ngaju: balian

Malayo-Sumbawan:

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa:

Balinese: ᬩᬮ᭄ᬬᬦ᭄ (balian)

Malayic:

Iban: pelian

Malay: belian

Indonesian: belian

North Borneo:

Southwest Sabah:

Dusunic:

Central Dusun: bobolian

Coastal Kadazan: bobohizan

Old Javanese: walen, walyan

Philippine:

Greater Central Philippine:

Central Philippine:

Bikol Central: balyán

Mansaka: balyan

Visayan:

Cebuano: babaylan

Hiligaynon: babáylan

Danao:

Maranao: waliyan

Gorontalo–Mongondow:

Mongondow: bolian

Manobo:

Western Bukidnon Manobo: beylan

South Mangyan:

Hanunoo: balyán

Subanen:

Central Subanen: balyan

Minahasan: *balian

Sangiric: *balian

South-Sulawesi:

Makasar: balieng

* Proto-Western-Malayo-Polynesian: *balian (Blust, 2008)


gila

Philippine

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Visayan

Tausug: gila

Danao

Maranao: gila

Gorontalo–Mongondow

Mongondow: gila

Sangiric

⇒ Sangir: maghila

Barito

Sama–Bajaw

Mapun: gila

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Karo Batak: gila

Toba Batak: gila

Gayo: gile

Rejang: gilo

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Iban: gila

Malay: gila
Indonesian: gila
→ English: gila

Urak Lawoi': กฺีลา (gila)

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: gila

Sasak: gila

Sundanese: gila

Old Javanese: gila

Celebic

Kaili–Pamona

Pamona: gila

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Central Maluku

Paulohi: akakila

Oceanic

Central Pacific

Western Fijian: kila

Fijian: kila


anak

Proto-Philippine: *anak
Batanic
Yami: anak
Northern Luzon
Ilocano: anák
Northern Cordilleran
Cagayan Valley
Itawit: anák
Casiguran Dumagat Agta: anák
South-Central Cordilleran
Central Cordilleran
Mayoyao Ifugao: anák
Kankanaey: anák
South Cordilleran
Pangasinan: anák
Central Luzon
Kapampangan: anák
Greater Central Philippine
Central Philippine
Tagalog: anák
Visayan
Cebuano: anák
Central Visayan
Hiligaynon: anák
Tausug: anak
Mansakan
Mansaka: anák
Southern Mindoro
Hanunoo: ᜠᜨᜣ᜴ (anak)
Palawanic
Palawan Batak: anák
Danao
Maranao: anák
Manobo
Western Bukidnon Manobo: anák
Minahasan
Tontemboan: anák

Barito

Sama-Bajaw

Bajaw

West Coast Bajau: anak

East Barito

Malagasy: ánaka

West Barito

Southwest Barito

Ngaju: anak

North Bornean

North Sarawakan

Berawan-Kelabitic

Kelabitic

Kelabit: anak

Kayan-Murik

Kenyah

Bakung: anak

Modang-Kayan

Kayan

Baram Kayan: anak

Melanau-Bintulu

Bintulu: anak

Melanau

Central Melanau: anak

Sabahan

Dusunic

Dusun

Coastal Kadazan: anak

Northwest Sumatran

Batak

Northern Batak

Dairi Batak: anak

Karo Batak: anak

Southern Batak

Toba Batak: anak

Gayo: anak

Nias: ono

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan: *anak

Proto-Malayo-Chamic: *anak

Proto-Chamic: *ʔana:k

Acehnese: aneuk

Coastal Chamic

Cham

Eastern Cham: anẽk

Western Cham: anœk

Proto-Malayic: *anak
Banjarese: anak
Ibanic
Iban: anak
Nuclear Malayic
Malay: anak, kanak
Indonesian: anak, kanak

Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa

Balinese: panak / anak

Sasak-Sumbawa

Sasak: anak / kanak

Old Javanese: anak
Javanese: ꦲꦤꦏ꧀ (anak)

South Sulawesi

Makasar: ana'

Celebic

Saluan-Banggai

Balantak: anak

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *anak

Sumba-Flores

Manggarai: anak

Central Flores

Rembong: anak

Yamdena: anak

child (a female or male child, a daughter or son)


atas

Philippine

Batanic

Ivatan: tohos

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: taas

Visayan

Aklanon: taas

Cebuano: taas

Hiligaynon: taas

Tausug: tas

Danao

Maranao: tas

South Mindanao

Tboli: tahà

Minahasan

Tondano: natas

Sangiric

Sangir: atase'

North Bornean

Northeast Sabahan

Ida'an: ttas

Greater Barito

West Barito

Ngaju: atas

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Simalungun Batak: atas

Toba Batak: atas

Angkola Batak: atas

Mandailing Batak: atas

Simeulue: atae

Mentawai: atā

Lampungic

Lampung Api: atas

Malayo-Sumbawan

Chamic: *ʔataːs

Acehnese: ateuëh

Coastal Chamic

Haroi: atah

Cham

Eastern Cham: ꨀꨓꩍ (atah, “far”)

Western Cham: اته (atah, “long”)

Highlands Chamic

Chru–Northern Chamic

Chru: ataːh

Northern Chamic

Northern Roglai: ata

Tsat: ta³³

Jarai–Rhade

Jarai: ataih

Rade: taih

Malayic: *atas

Ibanic

Iban: atas

Mualang: ataw

Seberuang: ataw

Nuclear Malayic

Malay: atas

Indonesian: atas

Minangkabau: ateh

Urak Lawoi': อาตัยฮ (atas)

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Sasak: atas

Sumbawa: atas

Madurese: attas

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Kambera: ata

Selaru

Selaru: atat

Central Maluku

Geser-Gorom: ata

Watubela: ata

Timoric

Bilba: ata

Proto-Oceanic: *atas

Western Oceanic

Meso-Melanesian

Nakanai: ata

Papuan Tip

Motu: lata

Central-Eastern Oceanic

Micronesian

Gilbertese: eta

Marshallese: ej (“upper, eastern”)

Woleaian: yas (“up, upside”)

Central Pacific

Western Fijian: yata


bagus

Proto-Malayo-Chamic: *bagus (see there for further descendants)

Old Javanese: bagus

Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa

Balinese: bagus

Sasak: bagus

(Western Indonesia) handsome (agreeable to the eye or to correct taste)


aba

Malayo-Chamic

Proto-Malayic: *aba, *abah
Ibanic
Iban: aba
Malay: aba
Indonesian: aba

Sundanese: abah
→ Javanese: ꦲꦧꦃ (abah)


aba

Proto-Philippine: *abá

Greater Central-Philippine

Central Philippine

Hiligaynon: abá

Tagalog: abá

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: abá, aba-abá


quay

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: way

Cagayan Valley

Isnag: uwáy

Ibanagic

Itawit: úway

Yogad: uway

Meso-Cordilleran

Central Cordilleran

Ifugao

Batad Ifugao: uway

Tuwali Ifugao: uwe

Bontok–Kankanaey

Central Bontoc: owey

Northern Kankanay: owey

Kankanaey: ewéy

Southern Cordilleran

Keley-I Kallahan: ewey

Northeastern Luzon

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: uwáy

Central Luzon

Sambalic

Bolinao: uwi

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: uwáy

Bikol

Bikol Central: uwáy

Mansakan

Kalagan: uay

Tagakaulu Kalagan: uway

Visayan

Asi: uway

Aklanon: uway

Cebuano: uway

Masbatenyo: uway

Romblomanon: 'uway

Waray-Waray: uway

Tausug: uway

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: 'uway

Palawanic

Central Palawano: uwey

Brooke's Point Palawano: uwey, uway

Tagbanwa: uway

Central Tagbanwa: kuay

Subanen

Central Subanen: uay

Gorontalo–Mongondow

Mongondow: uoy

Kalamian

Agutaynen: koay

Calamian Tagbanwa: kuway

Sangiric

Sangir: ue

Minahasan

Tontemboan: uwe

Basap–Barito

Basap: we

East Barito

Dusun Witu: uwei

Ma'anyan: uwei

Tawoyan: ue

West Barito

Ngaju: uwei, uei

Bakumpai: ue

North Bornean

Southwest Sabah

Dusunic

Central Dusun: tuai

Coastal Kadazan: tuvai

Murutic

Tagal Murut: owoi

Abai: owoi

Burusu: owoi

North Sarawak

Bintulu: bai

Berawan–Lower Baram

Narom: bai

Berawan: wai

Dayic

Kelabit: ue

Lun Bawang: ue

Kenyah

Bakung: uway, way, uay

Eastern Penan: uai

Central Sarawak

Melanau–Kajang

Melanau

Central Melanau: wai

Kanowit: wai

Kajang

Lahanan: gway

Sekapan: gway

Kajaman: gway

Punan–Müller-Schwaner

Punan

Punan Tubu: wey

Punan Bah-Biau: uey

Bukitan: wey

Bukat: we, ue

Ukit: we

Müller-Schwaner

Hovongan: ué

Kereho: ue, we

Aoheng: ui

Kayanic

Kayan–Murik

Baram Kayan: uei, wei

Busang Kayan: we

Bahau: wai

Murik (Malaysia): we

Segai–Modang

Modang: guy

Segai: guy

Land Dayak

Benyadu–Bekati

Benyadu': oé

Bekati': uéʸ

Rara Bakati': owe

Bidayuh

Bau Bidayuh: uwi

Biatah Bidayuh: uwii

Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh: uwi

Southern Land Dayak

Jangkang: ui

Ribun: ui

Sanggau: ui, uii

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Nias: ue

Simeulue: uae, ue

Moklenic

Moken: kuay

Malayo-Sumbawan

Chamic: *haway

Acehnese: awe

Coastal Chamic

Haroi: hơwăi

Chamic

Eastern Cham: ꨨꨥꨬ (hawei)

Western Cham: حاواْي (hawei)

Highlands Chamic

Chru–Northern Chamic

Chru: hơwai

Northern Chamic

Northern Roglai: hawai

Tsat: vaiːʔ⁴², vaiːʔ³³

Jarai–Rhade

Jarai: huai

Rade: hwiê

Malayic

Kendayan: uwi

Ibanic

Iban: wi

Keninjal: ui

Mualang: ui

Seberuang: uey

Urak Lawoi': วี (wi)

Sundanese: hoe

Old Javanese: hwi

South Sulawesi

Mandar: uwwe

Tae': ue

Celebic

Saluan–Banggai

Balantak: oe

Muna–Buton

Muna: ghue

Kaili–Pamona

Uma: ui

Bungku–Tolaki

Wawonii: ue

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Komodo: ue

Ngadha: ue

Flores–Lembata

Kedang: wey

Kei–Tanimbar

Kei: ue

Yamdena: ue

Fordata: ua

Selaru

Selaru: u, uare

Timoric

Bilba: ue

Tugun: ua

Talur Galoli: ua

Central Maluku

Buru (Indonesia): ua

Kowiai: ua

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Halmahera-Cenderawasih

Buli (Indonesia): oe

Sawai: uwé

Oceanic

Western Oceanic

Meso-Melanesian

Nakanai: la-hue

Papuan Tip

Dobu: 'ue

Bwanabwana: kuwe

Central-Eastern Oceanic

Southeast Solomonic

'Are'are: uwe

Sa'a: ue

Lau: 'ue

Central Pacific

Polynesian

Rennellese: ue


lima

Barito

East Barito

Malagasy: dimy

Ma'anyan: dime

Sama-Bajaw

Mapun: lima

Pangutaran Sama: lima

West Coast Bajau: limo

North Bornean

Central Melanau: lima

Proto-Philippine: *lima (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Oceanic: *lima (see there for further descendants)

Timor-Babar

Tetum: lima

Sumba-Flores

Laboya: lima

Chamorro: lima

Javanese: lima

Kaili-Pamona

Uma: lima

Madurese: lema

Balinese: lima

Malayo-Chamic

Chamic

Eastern Cham: limœû

Jarai: rơma

Rade: êma

Proto-Malayic: *lima(ʔ) (see there for further descendants)

Muna-Buton

Cia-Cia: lima


-an

Proto-Philippine: *-an

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: -an

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: -an

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: -an

Bikol

Bikol Central: -an

Bisayan

Cebuano: -an

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Malayic: *-an

Malayan

Malay: -an

Indonesian: -an


tapa

Philippine

Batanic

Yami: tapa

Ibatan: tapa

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: tápa

Cagayan Valley

Isnag: tápa

Itawit: tápa

Meso-Cordilleran

Central Cordilleran

Kalinga–Itneg

Tanudan Kalinga: tapa

Ifugao

Batad Ifugao: tapa

Tuwali Ifugao: tapa

Bontok–Kankanaey

Kankanaey: tapá

Northern Kankanay: tapa

Southern Cordilleran

Keley-I Kallahan: tapa

Northeastern Luzon

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: tápa

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: tápa

Bikol Central: tápa

Visayan

Cebuano: tapa

Asi: tápa

Central

Masbatenyo: tápa

Romblomanon: tapa

West

Aklanon: tapa

South

Tausug: tapa

Mansakan

Mansaka: tapa

Tagakaulu Kalagan: tapa

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: tapa

Subanen

Central Subanen: tapa

Manobo

Ata Manobo: tapa

Obo Manobo: tapa'

Agusan Manobo: 'tapa

Cotabato Manobo: tapa

Western Bukidnon Manobo: tapa

Danao

Maranao: tapa

Palawanic

Brooke's Point Palawano: tapa'

Central Palawano: tapa

Central Tagbanwa: tapa

Aborlan Tagbanwa: tapa

Gorontalo–Mongondow

Gorontalo: tapo

Kalamian

Calamian Tagbanwa: tapa

Agutaynen: tapa

South Mindanao

Tiruray: tofo

>? Tboli: tofu

Sangiric

Sangir: tapa

Malayic

Malay: tapa-tapa
Indonesian: tapa-tapa

South Sulawesi

Tae': tapai

Mandar: tapa

Buginese: tapa

Celebic

Saluan–Banggai

Banggai: tapa

Kaili–Pamona

Uma: tapa

Pamona: tapa

Wotu–Wolio

Wolio: tapai

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Manggarai: tapa

Rembong: tapa

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *Capa.


batu

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *batu

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *batu

Proto-Oceanic: *patu (see there for further descendants)

East Barito

Malagasy: vato

Proto-Celebic:

Proto-Bungku-Tolaki

Mori Bawah: watu

Kaili–Pamona

Lindu: watu

Proto-Philippine: *batu (see there for further descendants)

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: ᬩᬢᬸ (batu)

Proto-Malayo-Chamic: *batu

Proto-Malayic: *batu (see there for further descendants)

Sundanese: batu

Old Javanese: batu, watu
Javanese: ꦧꦠꦸ (batu)
Javanese: ꦮꦠꦸ (watu)
→ Balinese: ᬯᬢᬸ (watu)


sumpit

Proto-Philippine:

Greater Central Philippine

Bisayan

Central Bisayan

Waray-Waray: sumpit

Central Philippine

Tagalog: sumpit

Danao

Maguindanao: sumpit

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Proto-Malayic:

Malay: sumpit
Indonesian: sumpit
→ English: sumpit


-um-

Philippines

Cebuano: mo-, -um-

Hiligaynon: -um-

Tagalog: -um-

Northwest Sumatra-Barrier Islands

Nias: -um-

Celebic

Balantak: -um-

Old Javanese: -um-


tuli

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Central Malayo-Polynesian:

Li'o: tuli

Luang: tili (Wetan)

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Oceanic: *tuli (see there for further descendants)

Western Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Philippine: *tuli

Celebic:

Proto-Bungku-Tolaki: *tuli

Kulisusu: culi

Muna: tuli

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:

Gayo: mutuli

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Bali-Sasak:

Sasak: tuli

Proto-Malayic: *tuli
Iban: tuli
Malay: tuli
Indonesian: tuli
Urak Lawoi': ตูลี (tuli)

Acehnese: tuloë

Old Javanese: tuli

Proto-South Sulawesi:

Tae': katuling


ka

Malay: ke
Indonesian: ke


mata

Proto-Philippine: *mata (see there for further descendants)

Sama-Bajaw:

Mapun: mata

Pangutaran Sama: mata

Yakan: mata

North Bornean:

Sabahan:

Northeast Sabahan:

Bonggi: mata

Ida'an: mato

Southwest Sabahan:

Dusunic:

Central Dusun: mato

Kimaragang: mato

Klias River Kadazan: mato

Labuk-Kinabatangan Kadazan: mato

Minokok: mato

Rungus: mato

Sugut Dusun: mato

Tobilung: mato

Murutic:

Kalabakan: mato

Keningau Murut: mato

Selungai Murut: mato

Tagal Murut: mato

Timugon Murut: mato

Northern Tidung: mato

Southern Tidung: mato

Paitanic:

Abai Sungai: mato

Tombonuo: mato

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:

Batak:

Angkola Batak: mata

Dairi Batak: mata

Karo Batak: mata

Mandailing Batak: mata

Simalungun Batak: mata

Toba Batak: mata

Enggano: e-baka

Gayo: mata

Mentawai: mata

Nias: mata

Simeulue: mata

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Chamic: *mata (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Malayic: *mata (see there for further descendants)

Old Javanese: mata
Javanese: ꦩꦠ (mata)

Proto-South Sulawesi:

Embaloh: mata

Makasar: mata

Palauan: mad

Chamorro: måta

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *mata

Geser-Gorom: mata

Mamboru: mata

So'a: mata

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *mata

Proto-Oceanic: *mata (see there for further descendants)


asu

Proto-Philippine: *asu
Northern Luzon
Ilocano: aso
Greater Central Philippine
Central Philippine
Tagalog: aso
Danao
Iranun: asu
Minahasan: *asu
Tontemboan: asu
Sangiric: *asu
Sangir: asu

North Bornean

Sabahan

Dusunic

Dusun

Central Dusun: tasu

Coastal Kadazan: tasu

Kimaragang: tasu

Murutic

Tagal Murut: asu

Proto-North Sarawak: *asu
Berawan-Kelabitic
Berawan – Lower Baram
Berawan
Central Berawan: acew
Kayan-Murik
Kenyah
Bakung: acuʼ
Melanau-Bintulu
Bintulu: asew
Melanau
Central Melanau: asew

Northwest Sumatran-Barrier Islands

Batak

Toba Batak: asu

Gayo: asu

Nias: asu

Proto-Lampungic: *asu
Lampung Api: asu

Malayo-Sumbawan

Chamic

Acehnese: asèë

Coastal Chamic

Eastern Cham: ꨀꨧꨭꩃ (asơu)

Highlands Chamic

Chru - Northern Chamic

Chru: əsɣu

Rade-Jarai

Jarai: asâo

Rade: asâo

Proto-Malayic: *asu(ʔ)
Ibanic
Iban: asu
Malay: asu
Urak Lawoi': อาซู (asu)

Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa

Balinese: asu

Sasak-Sumbawa

Sasak: asu

Sumbawa: asu

Old Javanese: asu
Javanese: ꦲꦱꦸ (asu)

Proto-South Sulawesi: *asu
Buginese: asu
Coastal Konjo: asu
Mandar: asu
Tae': asu

Celebic

Saluan-Banggai

Banggai: asu

Southeast Celebic

Muna-Buton

Cia-Cia: au

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *asu
Tetum: asu
Uab Meto: asu


buta

Proto-Philippine:

Bikol Central: buta

Buhi'non Bikol: bota

Cebuano: buta

Higaonon: buta

Hiligaynon: buta

Iban: buta

Iriga Bicolano: buta

Mansaka: bota

Maranao: bota

Masbate Sorsogon: buta

Sarangani Manobo: buta

Southern Catanduanes Bicolano: buta

Tausug: buta

Waray Sorsogon: buta

Waray-Waray: buta

West Albay Bikol: buta

Proto-Chamic:

Acehnese: buta

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Malayic:

Malay: buta

Indonesian: buta

Old Javanese: wuta


buka

Proto-Philippine:

Central Philippine

Tagalog: buka

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Malayic:

Malay: buka

Indonesian: buka

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Oceanic: *puke (see there for further descendants)


tawa

Central Philippine

Tagalog: tawa (“laughter”)

Visayan

Tausug: katawa

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malay: tawa
Indonesian: tawa

(intransitive) to laugh (show mirth by peculiar movement of the muscles of the face and emission of sounds)


basu

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Oceanic

Fijian: vacu

Malayo-Chamic:

Malayic:

Iban: bulu bansu

⇒ Malay: bulu mansu


duha

Barito:

Malagasy: roa

Proto-Philippine:

Aklanon: daywa

Bikol Central: duwa

Cebuano: duha

Hiligaynon: duha

Ilocano: dua

Tagalog: dalawa

Waray-Waray: duha

Sama-Bajaw:

West Coast Bajau: duo

Old Javanese: rwa, ro
→ Balinese: ᬭ᭄ᬯ (rua)
> Javanese: ꦫꦺꦴ (ro) (inherited)
⇒ Javanese: ꦫꦺꦴꦫꦺꦴ (roro), ꦭꦺꦴꦫꦺꦴ (loro)
→ Balinese: ᬭᭀ (ro)

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Malayic: *dua(ʔ)
Ibanic
Iban: dua
Banjarese: dua
Brunei Malay: dua
Malay: dua
Indonesian: dua
Minangkabau: duo
Urak Lawoi': ดูวา (duwa)

Proto-South Sulawesi:

Buginese: ᨉᨘᨓ (dua)

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Oceanic: *rua

Central-Eastern Oceanic:

Fijian: rua

Micronesian:

Marshallese: ruo

Proto-Polynesian: *rua
Proto-Nuclear Polynesian: *lua
Proto-Eastern Polynesian: *rua
Marquesic:
Hawaiian: lua
South Marquesan: 'ua
Tahitic:
Tahitian: rua
Maori: rua
Rapa Nui: rua
Samoic-Outlier:
Ellician:
Tuvaluan: lua
Futunic:
Wallisian: lua
Samoic:
Samoan: lua
Tokelauan: lua
Tongic: *ua
Niuean: ua
Tongan: ua

Rotuman: rua

Sumba-Flores:

Palu'e: rua

Timor-Babar:

Tetum: rua


lakat

Kenyah

Bakung: lakat

(Western Malayo-Polynesian) root (of plant)


tapi

Celebic:

Tomini–Tolitoli:

Pendau: tapi

Wotu–Wolio:

Wolio: tepi

Central Malayo-Polynesian:

Central Maluku:

Buru (Indonesia): tapih

Kei–Tanimbar:

Yamdena: tafi

Sumba–Flores:

Kambera: tàpi

Chamorro: tåfye

Malayo-Sumbawan:

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa:

Balinese: ᬢᬧᬶ (tapi)

Malayo-Chamic:

Chamic: *tampɛy

Acehnese: tampoe

Coastal Cham:

Haroi: cơpŏi, cơpŏai

Cham:

Eastern Cham: ꩅꩇꨬ (tapei)

Western Cham: ꩅꩇꨰ (tapai)

Highlands Chamic:

Northern Chamic:

Northern Roglai: tupơi

Jarai: tơ̆pơi

Rade: kpei

Malayic: *tampi

Ibanic:

Iban: tampi

Mualang: tampi

Malayan:

Brunei Malay: tampi

Malay: tampi
Indonesian: tampi

Minangkabau: tampi

>? Urak Lawoi': ตาปิฮ (tapih)

Sundanese: ᮒᮕᮤ (tapi)

Old Javanese: tapi

Javanese: ꦠꦥꦶ (tapi)

Philippine:

Northern Luzon:

Meso-Cordilleran:

Central Bontoc: tapi

South-Sulawesi: *ta(m)pi

Doublet of *tahəpi, from a suffixed form of Proto-Austronesian *tapəS.


kutu

Proto-Philippine: *kutu (see there for further descendants)

Basap–Greater Barito

Sama-Bajaw

Yakan: kutu

Mapun: kutu

West Coast Bajau: kutu

Basap: kutu

Mahakam

Tunjung: kutu

East Barito

Ma'anyan: kutu

Dusun Witu: kutu

North Bornean

Northeast Sabahan

Bonggi: kutu

Ida'an: kutu

Southwest Sabahan

Dusunic

Central Dusun: kutu

Rungus: kutu

Tobilung: kutu

Paitanic

Upper Kinabatangan: kutu

Murutic

Timugon Murut: kutu

North Sarawakan

Bintulu: kutau

Berawan–Lower Baram

Berawan: kuttoh

Kenyah

Bakung: kutu

Eastern Penan: guteu

Central Sarawakan

Central Melanau: kutou

Kanowit: kutou

Malayo-Chamic

Proto-Chamic: *kutɔw

Proto-Malayic: *kutu (see there for further descendants)

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: kutu

Sasak: gutu

Sumbawa: gutu

Sundanese: kutu

Madurese: koto

Javanese: kutu

South Sulawesi

Buginese: utu

Chamorro: hutu

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Bima: hudu

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Halmahera-Cenderawasih

Buli (Indonesia): ut

Proto-Oceanic: *kutu (see there for further descendants)


kulit

Philippinic

Tiruray: kulit

Land Dayak:

Bau Bidayuh: kurit

Proto-North Sarawak: *kulit

Bakung: kulit

Central Melanau: kulit

Sebop: kulit

Barito:

West Coast Bajau: kulit

Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Malayic: *kulit (see there for further descendants)

Acehnese: kulét

Sundanese: kulit

Old Javanese: kulit

Javanese: ꦏꦸꦭꦶꦠ꧀ (kulit)

Celebic:

Lindu: kuli

Wolio: kuli

Sumba-Flores:

Laboya: kalita

Oceanic:

Central-Eastern Oceanic:

Fijian: kuli

Polynesian:

Hawaiian: ʻili

Maori: kiri

Rapa Nui: kiri

Tahitian: ʻiri

skin (outer covering of the body of a person)


bulu

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Isnag: bulbul

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Bikol

Bikol Central: bulból

Bisayan

Cebuano: bulbol

Central Bisayan

Hiligaynon: bulbul

Masbatenyo: bulbol

South Bisayan

Tausug: bulbul

Western Bisayan

Aklanon: buebue

Tagalog: bulbol

Manobo

Matigsalug Manobo: bulbul

Barito

Malagasy: volo

Chamorro: pulu

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Timoric

Tetum: fulun

North Bornean

Central Melanau: bulou

Old Javanese: wulu
> Javanese: ꦮꦸꦭꦸ (wulu) (inherited)

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: ᬩᬸᬮᬸ (bulu)

Proto-Malayic: *bulu (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Polynesian: *fulu

Hawaiian: hulu

Maori: huru

Samoan: fulu


manuk

Bolongan: manuq

Land Dayak:

Bau Bidayuh: manuk

Proto-Philippine:

Brooke's Point Palawano: manuk

Cebuano: manok

Ilocano: manok

Manobo:

Dibabawon Manobo: manuk

Kapampangan: manuk

Limos Kalinga: manuk

Tagalog: manok

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Oceanic:

Central-Eastern Oceanic:

Fijian: manu

Proto-Polynesian:

Proto-Nuclear Polynesian: *manu
Proto-Eastern Polynesian:
Hawaiian: manu
Maori: manu
Rapa Nui: manu
Tahitian: manu
Kapingamarangi: manu
Samoan: manu

Timor-Babar

Uab Meto: manok

Javanese: manuk

Kaili-Pamona

Ledo Kaili: manu

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Chamic:

Acehnese: manok

Proto-Malayic: *manuk
Iban: manuk
Kendayan: manok
Malayan
Malay: manuk
Indonesian: manuk
→ Kensiu: manuk
→ Semai: manuk
→ Semnam: manuk

Sundanese: manuk

Muna-Buton:

Cia-Cia: 마누, manu

Palauan: malk

Proto-South Sulawesi:

Mandar: manuq

→ Proto-North Halmahera: (as flying fox, bat)

Galela: mano

Tobelo: manoko

Tabaru: manoko

Sahu: mano'o

Ternate-Tidore

Ternate: mano

Tidore: mano


pitu

Javanese: pitu

Malagasy: fito

Oceanic:

Fijian: vitu

Rotuman: hifu

Polynesian: *fitu

Hawaiian: hiku

Maori: whitu

Rapa Nui: hitu

Samoan: fitu

South Marquesan: fitu

Tongan: fitu

Philippine:

Central Philippine:

Aklanon: pitó

Bikol Central: pitó

Cebuano: pito

Hiligaynon: pito

Tagalog: pito

Waray: pitó

Northern Luzon:

Ilocano: pito

Tetum: hitu

West Coast Bajau: pitu'


tasik

Central Malayo-Polynesian:

Aru:

West Tarangan: tai

East Central Maluku:

Hitu: tasi

Kamarian: tasi

Saparua: tasi

Flores–Lembata:

Adonara: tahik

Lamaholot: tahik

Sika: tahi

Kei–Tanimbar:

Yamdena: tasik

Selaru:

Selaru: tasi

Sumba–Flores:

Dhao: dasi

Kambera: tehiku

Manggarai: tacik

Palu'e: tahi

Rembong: tasik

Sabu: dahi

Timor–Babar:

Baikeno: tasi

Galoli: tasi

Helong: tasi

Leti: taski

Mambae: taisa

Termanu: tasi

Tetun Dili: tasi

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih:

Mor (Austronesian): ati

Proto-Oceanic: *tasik
Admiralty Islands:
Kaniet: tasi
Loniu: tas
Seimat: tax
Central-Eastern Oceanic:
Central Pacific:
East Fijian–Polynesian:
East Fijian:
Fijian: taci, tai
Lauan: asi
Proto-Polynesian: *tai
Nuclear Polynesian:
Eastern Polynesian:
Marquesic:
Hawaiian: kai
Mangarevan: tai
Marquesan: tai
Rapa Nui: tai
Tahitic:
Maori: tai
Rakahanga-Manihiki: tai
Rarotongan: tai
Tahitian: tai
Tuamotuan: tai
Western Polynesian:
Ellicean–Outlier:
Kapingamarangi: dai
Nukuoro: dai
Sikaiana: tai
Takuu: tai
Tuvaluan: tai
Futunic:
Anuta: tai
East Futuna: tai
Futuna-Aniwa: tai
Pukapukan: tai
Tikopia: tai
Samoic:
Samoan: tai
Tokelauan: tai
Tongic:
Niuafo'ou: tahi, tai
Niuean: tahi
Tongan: tahi
West Fijian–Rotuman:
Rotuman: sạsi
Western Fijian: taci
Micronesian:
Chuukese: sáát, seti-n
Gilbertese: tari
Mokilese: jed
Woleaian: sat, sati
Southeast Solomonic:
'Are'are: āsi
Arosi: asi
Bughotu: tahi
Gela: tahi
Kwaio: asi
Sa'a: äsi
To'abaita: asi
Southern Oceanic:
Sungwadaga: tasi
Lelepa: ntasi
Malua Bay: ndas
Big Nambas: nata
North Efate: natasi
South Efate: natas
Western Oceanic:
Halia: tasi
Label: tāsi
Motu: tadi
Sursurunga: tas

Western Malayo-Polynesian:

Greater Barito:

East Barito:

Central–East:

Paku: tasik

Central–South:

Dusun Deyah: tasik

Northeast:

Benuaq: tasik

Paser: tasik

Tawoyan: tasik

Southeast:

Dusun Witu: tahik

Ma'anyan: tahik

Malagasy: taiky (dialectal)

Mahakam:

Tunjung: tasik

Sama-Bajaw:

Southern Sama: tahik

Yakan: tahik

West Barito:

Ngaju: tasik

Ot Danum: tasik

Proto-Philippine: *tasik
Greater Central Philippine:
Central Philippine:
Bikol Central: tasik
Tagalog: tasik
Visayan:
Cebuan:
Cebuano: tasik
Central Visayan:
Aklanon: tasik
Western Visayan:
Masbatenyo: tasik
Waray-Waray: tasik
Kalamian:
Agutaynen: talsi
Minahasan:
Tonsea: tasik
Tontemboan: tasis
Sangiric:
Bantik: tasi'
Sangil: sasi'
Sangir: sasi'
Talaud: sasi'a, sasia

Celebic:

Bungku–Tolaki:

Bungku: tahi

Koroni: tahi

Mori Atas: tahi

Moronene: tahi

Padoe: tahi

Kaili–Pamona:

Pamona: tasi

Uma: tahi', tahi

Muna–Buton:

Bonerate: tai

Muna: tehi

Tomini–Tolitoli:

Taje: tasi

Totoli: sasik

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:

Nias: asi

Chamorro: tasi

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Balinese: tasik

Madurese: tase', tasek

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Chamic: *tasiʔ
Eastern Cham: ꨓꨧꨪꩀ, tasik
Highlands Chamic:
Jarai: rơsĭ
Rade: ksĭ
Northern Chamic:
Tsat: siaʔ⁴³

Proto-Malayic: *tasik
Ibanic:
Iban: tasik
Brunei Malay: tasik
Malay: tasik
Indonesian: tasik

Old Javanese: tasik

⇒ Javanese: Tumasik

Javanese: tasik

Proto-South Sulawesi:

Buginese: tasi', tasik

Makasar: tasi', tasik

Mandar: sasi', sasik

Tae': tasik


walu

East Barito:

Malagasy: valo

Proto-Philippine:

Aklanon: waeo

Asi: wayo

Bikol Central: walo

Bolinao: walo

Botolan Sambal: walo

Brooke's Point Palawano: walu

Cebuano: walo

Cuyunon: walo

Dupaningan Agta: walu

Hiligaynon: walo

Ibanag: walu

Ilocano: walo

Proto-Kalamian:

Agutaynen: walo

Limos Kalinga: walu

Maguindanao: walu

Tagakaulu Kalagan: walu

Tagalog: walo

Waray-Waray: walo

Yami: awao

Sama-Bajaw:

West Coast Bajau: wau'

Celebic:

Lindu: uwalu

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Oceanic:

Central-Eastern Oceanic:

Fijian: walu

Proto-Polynesian: *walu (see there for further descendants)

Rotuman: vạlu

Timor-Babar:

Tetum: ualu

Javanese: ꦮꦺꦴꦭꦸ (wolu)

Kaili-Pamona:

Uma: walu

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Madurese: ꦧꦭ꧀ꦭꦸꦃ

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Malayic: *walu


tunu

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Isnag: túno

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: tunó

Greater Central Philippine

Gorontalo–Mongondow

Gorontalo: tulu

Sangiric

Sangir: tunu

Minahasan

Tontemboan: tunu

Barito

East Barito

Malagasy: tono

North Bornean

North Sarawakan

Dayic

Kelabit: tunuh

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Iban: tunu

Malay: tunu
Indonesian: tunu

Urak Lawoi': ตูนู (tunu)

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: tunu

Sasak: tunuq

Sumbawa: tunung

Madurese: tono

Old Javanese: tunu

Javanese: tunu

South Sulawesi

Buginese: tunu

Makasar: tunu

Mandar: tunu

Tae': tunu

Celebic

Saluan–Banggai

Balantak: tunu

Kaili–Pamona

Uma: tunu

Wotu–Wolio

Wolio: tunu

Muna–Buton

Bonerate: tunu

Chamorro: tunu

⇒ Palauan: delul

Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Sumba–Hawu

Savu

Sabu: tunu

Dhao: tunu

Sumba

Kambera: tunu

Anakalangu: tunu

Kodi: tunu

Western Flores

Komodo: tunu

Manggarai: tunu

Rembong: tunu

Ngadha: tunu

Timoric

Tetumic

Tetum: tunu

Wetar–Galoli

Ili'uun: tunu

Tugun: tunu

Galoli: tunu

Luangic–Kisaric

Kisar: kunu

Leti: tunu

Luang: ntunu

Selaru

Selaru: tun

Aru

Dobel: tun

Kei–Tanimbar

Kei: entun

Yamdena: tunu

Fordata: tunu

Central Maluku

West Central Maluku

Buru (Indonesia): tunuh

Sula: donu

Taliabu: tunu

East Central Maluku

Nunusaku

Piru Bay

Asilulu: tunu

Larike-Wakasihu: tunu

Hitu: tunu

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Halmahera–Cenderawasih

Biak: kun

Serui-Laut: tunu

Proto-Oceanic: *tunu
Admiralty Islands
Manus
Nali: tun-tun
Titan: tunu-tun
Western
Wuvulu-Aua: unu
Western Oceanic
Meso–Melanesian
Willaumez
Nakanai: tulu
New Ireland–Northwest Solomonic
Tungag–Nalik
Tigak: tun
St. George
Label: tun
Tolai: tun
Northwest Solomonic
Cheke Holo: tunu
Roviana: tunu
Torau: ta-tunu
North New Guinea
Schouten
Wogeo: tunu
Ngero–Vitiaz
Kove: tunu
Gitua: tun
Gedaged: tuni
Papuan Tip
Nuclear Papuan Tip
Bwanabwana: tun
Tawala: tunu-ya
Central Papuan Tip
Motu: tunua
Central-Eastern Oceanic
Southeast Solomonic
Bugotu–Gela
Bughotu: tunu
Malaita–Makira
Arosi: unu
Kwaio: unu
Lau: ūnu
'Are'are: ūnu
Southern Oceanic
Mota: tun
Lonwolwol: tUnu
Central Pacific
Rotuman: funu
Fijian: tunu
Proto-Polynesian: *tunu


kilat

Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian

Old Javanese: kilat

Indonesian: kilat

Malay: kilat

Oceanic

Samoan: 'i'ila

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Ibanag: kila'

Kankanaey: kilat

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Bikol Central: kitkilat

Cebuano: kilat

Tagalog: kidlat


sakit

Proto-Philippine: *sakit
Northern Luzon
Ilocano: sakit
Cagayan Valley
Isnag: takit
Itawit: takit
Northeastern Luzon
Casiguran Dumagat Agta: saket
Meso-Cordilleran
Central Cordilleran
Central Bontoc: sakit
Southern Cordilleran
Ibaloi: sakit
Pangasinan: sakit
Central Luzon
Kapampangan: sakit
Greater Central Philippine
Central Philippine
Bikol Central: sakit
Mansaka: sakit
Tagalog: sakit
Visayan
Aklanon: sakit
Cebuano: sakit
Hiligaynon: sakit
Romblomanon: sakit
Tausug: sakit
Waray-Waray: sakit
South Mangyan
Hanunoo: sakit
Manobo
Western Bukidnon Manobo: sakit
Danao
Maranao: sakit
Gorontalo–Mongondow
Gorontalo: sakito
Mongondow: takit
South Mindanao
Tiruray: agit
Sangiric
Sangir: saki'
Minahasan
Tontemboan: sakit

Barito

Sama–Bajaw

Mapun: saki

Yakan: saki

North Borneo

Northeast Sabahan

Ida'an: sakit

Southwest Sabahan

Dusunic

Central Dusun: sakit

Paitanic

Tombonuo: osakit

North Sarawakan

Berawan–Lower Baram

Kiput: aket

Dayic

Kelabit: a'it

Kenyah: sakit

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Dairi Batak: sakit

Karo Batak: sakit

Toba Batak: sahit

Gayo: sakit

Malayo-Sumbawan

Proto-Chamic: *sakit

Proto-Malayic: *sakit
Ibanic
Iban: sakit
Malayan
Malay: sakit
Indonesian: sakit
Minangkabau: sakik
Urak Lawoi': ซาเกะ (sakëq)

Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa

Balinese: sakit

Sasak: sakit

Sundanese: sakit

Old Javanese: sakit

South Sulawesi

Tae': saki

Celebic

Saluan–Banggai

Banggai: sakit

Muna–Buton

Muna: saki

Kaili–Pamona

Pamona: saki

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Manggarai: akit

Kowiai: sá'it

Proto-Oceanic: *masakit
Western Oceanic
Gitua: mazai
Muduapa: mazahi
Uneapa: mazahiti
Central-Eastern Oceanic
Southeast Solomonic
Ghari: masahi
To'abaita: mataqi
Southern Oceanic
Mota: masag
North Efate: masaki
Micronesian
Marshallese: metak
Woleaian: metagi
Central Pacific
Rotuman: masa'i
Fijian: macake
Proto-Polynesian: *masaki
Proto-Nuclear Polynesian:
Proto-Eastern Polynesian:
Hawaiian: maʻi
Maori: mahaki, maki
Rapa Nui: maki
Tahitian: maʻi
Western Polynesian:
East Futuna: masaki, maki
Samoan: maʻi
Tuvaluan: mahaki
Tongic:
Niuean: maki
Tongan: mahaki, mahagi


susu

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih: *susu

Buli (Indonesia): sus

Woi: huhu

Proto-Oceanic: *susu

Proto-Polynesian: *susu
Proto-Nuclear Polynesian:
Proto-Eastern Polynesian:
Hawaiian: ū
Maori: ū
Samoan: susu
Tongan: huhu, huhua

Laboya: huhhu, susu

Proto-Philippine:

Asi: suso

Bikol Central: suso

Kapampangan: susu

Limos Kalinga: susu

Northern Catanduanes Bicolano: suso

Tagakaulu Kalagan: susu

Tagalog: suso

Chamorro: susu

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Malayic: *susu(ʔ)

Malay: susu
Indonesian: susu
→ Petjo: soesoe
→ Tok Pisin: susu

Old Javanese:

Javanese: susu

Palauan: susu


papan

Philippine

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Visayan

Cebuano: papán

Waray-Waray: papán

Danao

Maranao: papan

Gorontalo–Mongondow

Mongondow: papan

South Mindanao

Tiruray: fafan

Barito

Sama–Bajaw

Yakan: papan

Mapun: papan

East Barito

Malagasy: fáfana

West Barito

Ngaju: papan

North Bornean

Northeast Sabahan

Ida'an: pepan

Moken–Moklen

Moken: papan

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Karo Batak: papan

Toba Batak: papan

Gayo: papan

Rejang: papeun

Malayo-Sumbawan

Chamic: *papaːn

Acehnese: papeuën

Coastal Chamic

Eastern Cham: ꨚꨝꩆ (paban)

Highlands Chamic

Tsat: paːn¹¹

>? Rade: kpan

Malayic

Iban: papan

Malay: papan
Indonesian: papan
→ Rembong: papan

Urak Lawoi': ปาปัด (papat)

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: ᬧᬧᬦ᭄ (papan)

Sasak: papan

Sumbawa: papan

Sundanese: ᮕᮕᮔ᮪ (papan)

Old Javanese: papan

Javanese: ꦥꦥꦤ꧀ (papan)

South Sulawesi

Northern

Tae': papan

Makassaric

Makasar: ᨄᨄ (papang)

Celebic

Wotu–Wolio

Wolio: papa

Palauan: ulaol (“floor”) (<*panpan)

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Western Flores

Manggarai: papang

Sumba–Hawu

Sabu: papa

Timoric

Luangic

Wetan: papna

Kei–Tanimbar

Yamdena: npapan

Central Maluku

West

Buru (Indonesia): papan

East

Nunusaku

Kayeli: hahane

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Halmahera–Cenderawasih

Buli (Indonesia): fafan

Oceanic: *baban

Western Oceanic

Meso-Melanesian

>? Simbo: papene

North New Guinea

Manam: baba

Papuan Tip

Tawala: baba

Molima: baba

Central-Eastern Oceanic

Southeast Solomonic

Bugotu–Nggela

Bughotu: pava

Malaita–Makira

Lau: baba

'Are'are: hapa

Sa'a: hapa

Arosi: hapa

Micronesian

Kosraean: pahp

Gilbertese: baba

Chuukic–Pohnpeic

Chuukic

Chuukese: paap

Puluwat: paap

Woleaian: paap

Pohnpeic

Mokilese: poap

Central Pacific

West Fijian–Rotuman

Western Fijian: baba

Rotuman: papa

East Fijian–Polynesian

Fijian: bava

Proto-Polynesian: *papa
Tongic
Tongan: papa
Niuean: papa
Niuafo'ou: papa
Samoic–Outlier
Ellicean
Kapingamarangi: baba
Nukuoro: baba
Pileni: papa
Futunic
Anuta: papa
East Futuna: papa
Mele-Fila: papa
Samoic
Samoan: papa
Tokelauan: papa
Eastern Polynesian
Marquesic
North Marquesan: papa
Mangarevan: pàpà
Hawaiian: papa
Tahitic
Tahitian: papa
Rarotongan: papa
Maori: papa
Rapa Nui: papa


ina

Central Philippine

Danao

Maguindanao: ina

Maranao: ina'

Mansakan

Mansaka: ina

Visayan

Aklanon: ina

Cebuano: ina

Tausug: ina

Simeulue: ina

Old Javanese: ina


lumut

Central Philippine

Tagalog: lumot

Danao

Maranao: alomot

Mansakan

Mansaka: lomot

Visayan

Cebuano: lumot

Hiligaynon: lumot

Tausug: lumut

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malay: lumut


takut

Proto-Philippine: *takut

Kapampangan: takut

Tagalog: takot

Proto-Malayic: *takut

Malay: takut

Indonesian: takut


bubu

Malay: bubu

Indonesian: bubu


kaka

Old Javanese: kaka

Javanese: kakak

desc

Malay: kakak, kaka, kakang, akak, akang, kak, kang

Indonesian: kakak, kak

Tagalog: kaka

sibling (older person who shares same parents)


limas

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *nimas.


limas

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: limás

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: limás

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: limás

Bikol Central: limás

Visayan

Cebuano: limás

Masbatenyo: limás

Waray-Waray: límas

Tausug: limas

Mansaka: limas

Manobo

Binukid: limas

Danao

Maranao: limas

Gorontalo–Mongondow

desc

⇒ Mongondow: molimat (“scoop out, bail water from a canoe”)

⇒ Gorontalo: molimato (“bail out a canoe”)

Kalamian

Agutaynen: limat

Sangiric

Sangir: limasē (“the water that enters a canoe through a leak in the hull”)

Barito

Sama–Bajaw

Yakan: limas

East Barito

Malagasy: díma (“a small wooden vessel used in baling water out of a canoe”)

North Bornean

North Sarawakan

Kenyah

⇒ Bakung: ngelima (“bail out a canoe”)

Kayanic

Rejang Kayan: limah

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Simeulue: limas

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

desctree

Malay: limas
> Indonesian: limas (inherited)

Minangkabau: limeh

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: limas

Sasak: limas

Sundanese: limas

Old Javanese: limas

⇒ Palauan: olimet (“bailer”)

Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Central Maluku

Asilulu: lima

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Halmahera–Cenderawasih

Buli (Indonesia): limas

Oceanic: *limas, *nimas

Admiralty Islands (?)

Yapese: niim (“bailer”)

Western Oceanic

North New Guinea

Kairiru: lim

Mbula: niimi

Meso-Melanesian

Nehan: limah

Halia: limasa

Central–Eastern Oceanic

Micronesian

Kosraean: inihm

Gilbertese: anima

Western Micronesian

Chuukic

Chuukese: num

Puluwat: niim

Pohnpeic

Pohnpeian: liim

Mokilese: lim

Central Pacific

desc

Western Fijian: nima (“be baled out, have water baled out”)

Fijian: nima (“to bale out a canoe”)


tian

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Central Malayo-Polynesian:

Central Maluku:

Alune: tia-

Asilulu: tia-

Banda: tia-

Hitu: tia

Kamarian: tia-

Kayeli: tiane

Larike-Wakasihu: tia

Masiwang: tian

Paulohi: tia-

Sumba–Flores:

Laboya: ti

Weyewa: tia

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

desctree

Proto-Oceanic: *tian
Central-Eastern Oceanic:
Central Pacific:
Proto-Polynesian: *tia
Futunic:
Pukapukan: tia
Marquesic:
North Marquesan: tiʻa
Tahitic:
Maori: tia
Tahitian: tia
Tuamotuan: tia
Rotuman: fia
Micronesian: *tia
Marshallese: je
Ulithian: sie-
Southeast Solomonic:
Lau: īa
Sa'a: ie
Southern Oceanic:
Aore: tia-
Merei: tia-
Tiale: tia-
Tolomako: tia-
Valpei: tia-
Western Oceanic:
Meso-Melanesian:
Northwest Solomonic:
Mono–Uruavan:
Alu: tiana
Torau: tiala
New Georgia:
Hoava: tia-
Roviana: tiana
Simbo: tia
Ysabel:
Kokota: tiana
St. George:
Tolai: tiana
North New Guinea:
Kairiru: tiye-
Mengen: sia-

Western Malayo-Polynesian:

Kayanic:

Baram Kayan: tian

North Borneo:

Proto-North Sarawak:

Berawan:

Central Berawan: tijen

Western Berawan: tijan

Lower Baram:

Belait: tejin

Kiput: ticin

Narom: tijien

Northeast Sabah:

Bonggi: tiadn

Southwest Sabah:

Greater Dusunic:

Central Dusun: tian

Kadazan:

Coastal Kadazan: tizan

Labuk-Kinabatangan Kadazan: tijan

Momogun:

Kimaragang: tiyan

Rungus: tizan

Tobilung: tian

Murutic:

Burusu: ketian (“pregnant”)

Paitanic:

Tombonuo: tian

Proto-Philippine: *tian
Central Luzon:
Botolan Sambal: tian
Kapampangan: atyan
Greater Central Philippine:
Central Philippine:
Tagalog: tiyan
Visayan:
Cebu:
Cebuano: tiyan
Central:
Hiligaynon: tiyan
Romblomanon: tiyan
Waray-Waray: tiyan
South:
Tausug: tiyan
West:
Aklanon: tiyan
Cuyunon: tiyan
Danao:
Maranao: tian
South Mangyan:
Buhid: tian
Hanunoo: tiyan
Kalamian:
Calamian Tagbanwa: tian
Northern Luzon:
Casiguran Dumagat Agta: tian
Dupaningan Agta: tiyan
Ilocano: tian

Celebic:

Proto-Bungku-Tolaki: *tiaN

Koroni: tia

Moronene: tia

Tolaki: tia

Wawonii: tia

Kaili–Pamona:

Pamona: tiana

Saluan–Banggai:

Banggai: tia

Tomini–Tolitoli:

Boano (Sulawesi): tian

Totoli: tian

Palauan: diyl

Chamorro: tuyan

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Bali–Sasak:

Sasak: tian

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Chamic: *tiyaːn
Coastal Chamic:
Haroi: tean
Cham:
Eastern Cham: tyan, tian
Western Cham: tean
Highlands Chamic:
Chru–Northern Chamic:
Chru: tian
Northern Chamic:
Northern Roglai: matiat
Tsat: tenʔ³³
Rade–Jarai:
Jarai: kiăn
Rade: tian

Proto-Malayic: *tian
Banjarese: tian
Malay: tian
Indonesian: tian
Minangkabau: tian

Old Javanese: tian

Javanese: tian

Proto-South Sulawesi:

Makasar: tianang (“pregnant”)


bahu

Chamorro: pao

Proto-Malayic: *bau
Brunei Malay: bau
Malay: bau
Indonesian: bau
Iban: bau

>? Old Javanese: ambö
Javanese: ꦲꦩ꧀ꦧꦸ (ambu)
→ Balinese: ᬳᬫ᭄ᬩᬸ (ambu)

Proto-Oceanic: *pau

Central Pacific: *vauvau

Proto-Polynesian: *faufau
Proto-Nuclear Polynesian:
Proto-Eastern Polynesian:
Marquesic:
Hawaiian: hauhau
North Marquesan: hauhau
Tahitic:
Rarotongan: 'au'au
Tahitian: faufau
Ellicean-Outlier:
Tuvaluan: faufau
Futunic:
Tikopia: faufau

Proto-Philippine: *bahuq

Tagalog: baho


daya

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian::

Central Malayo-Polynesian:

Central Maluku:

Asilulu: la

Boano (Maluku): la

Larike-Wakasihu: lae

Manipa: la

Kei–Tanimbar:

Fordata: daa

Yamdena: daye

Selaru:

Selaru: ra

Sumba–Flores:

Manggarai: raja

Timor–Babar:

Leti: riaa

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Oceanic: *raya

Central Pacific:

Fijian: ra, raa

Proto-Polynesian:

Hawaiian: lae

Maori: rae

St. Matthias:

Mussau-Emira: lae

Western Malayo-Polynesian:

Land Dayak:

Bau Bidayuh: doyux

North Borneo:

Proto-North Sarawak:

Baram:

Bintulu: raza

Dayic:

Kelabit: dayeh

Lun Bawang: dayeh

Kenyah:

Bakung: daya

Proto-Philippine:

Batanic:

Yami: rala

Greater Central Philippine:

Central Philippine:

Visayan:

Aklanon: eayá

Danao:

Maranao: raya

Northern Luzon:

Ilocano: dáya

Meso-Cordilleran:

Kankanaey: dáya

Sangiric:

Ratahan: raya

Sangir: dala

Chamorro: haya

Moklenic:

Moken: daya

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Malayic: *daya

Iban: dayak

Malay: daya
Indonesian: daya

Proto-South Sulawesi:

Buginese: ri aja

Makasar: raya

Selayar: raja


liput

Philippine

Central Philippine

Visayan

Cebuano: lipot

Mansakan

Mansaka: lipot

North Bornean

Southwest Sabahan

Dusunic

Central Dusun: liput

Coastal Kadazan: hiput

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Malay: liput
Indonesian: liput

to disappear behind something that envelops or blocks the view


lipas

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: lipas

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: lipas

Visayan

Cebuano: lipas

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: lipas

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Brunei Malay: limpas
Sabah Malay: limpas


punti

Philippine

Northern Philippine

Pangasinan: ponti

Greater Central Philippine

Palawanic

Brooke's Point Palawano: punti

Central Tagbanwa: punti

Tagbanwa: punti

Kalamian

Calamian Tagbanwa: punti

Agutaynen: ponsi

Minahasan

Tontemboan: punti

Greater Barito

Sama–Bajaw

Inabaknon: punti

East Barito

Lawangan: puti'

Ma'anyan: punsi

Malagasy: ontsy

West Barito

Kohin: punti

Siang: punti

North Bornean

Northeast Sabahan

Bonggi: punti

Ida'an: putti

Southwest Sabahan

Dusunic

Central Dusun: punti

Labuk-Kinabatangan Kadazan: punti

Dumpas: punti

Kuijau: punti

Minokok: punti

Paitanic

Tombonuo: punti

Upper Kinabatangan: punti

Murutic

Tagal Murut: punti

Paluan: punti

North Sarawakan

Berawan–Lower Baram

Kiput: puttai

Narom: putai

Kenyah

Bakung: peti

Kayanic

Murik (Malaysia): puti'

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Simalungun Batak: punsi

Lampungic

Lampung Api: punti

Komering: punti

Abung: puttei

Malayo-Sumbawan

Chamic

Coastal Chamic

Eastern Cham: ꨚꨓꨬ (patei)

Western Cham: ڤاتاي (patai)

Highlands Chamic

Jarai–Rhade

Jarai: pơtơi

Rade: mtei

Northern Chamic

Tsat: u¹¹ tai¹¹

Malayic

Malay: punti
Indonesian: punti

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Sasak: puntiq

Old Javanese: punti

South Sulawesi

Buginese: utti, otti

Makasar: unti

Northern

Mamuju: punti

Massenrempulu

Duri: punti

Enrekang: putti

Toraja

Tae': punti

Toraja-Sa'dan: punti

Celebic

Tomini–Tolitoli

Taje: punti

Kaili–Pamona

Pamona: punti

Bungku–Tolaki

Mori Atas: punsi

Wawonii: punti

Kulisusu: punci

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Manggarai: punti

Kei–Tanimbar

Sekar: fúdi

Irarutu: fude

Timoric

Tetum: hudi

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Halmahera–Cenderawasih

Mor (Austronesian): húta

Waropen: ui

Oceanic: *pudi

Western Oceanic

Papuan Tip

Bunama: hudi

Molima: wudi

Meso-Melanesian

Lungga: vundi

Simbo: vudi

Central–Eastern Oceanic

Southeast Solomonic

Bugotu–Gela–Guadalcanal

Bughotu: vudi

Gela: vundi

Talise: vutsi

Malaita–Makira

Sa'a: hudi

Malaita

Lau: fudi

'Are'are: fudi

To'abaita: husi

Bauro: huki

Makira

Arosi: hugi

Owa: fuki

Micronesian

Kosraean: usr

Pohnpeic

Pohnpeian: uht

Mokilese: wus

Chuukic

Chuukese: wuuch

Puluwat: wuur

Woleaian: wish

Central Pacific

Western Fijian: vudi

Fijian: vudi

Polynesian: *futi

Tongic

Tongan: fusi

Niuean: futi

Niuafo'ou: fusi

Nuclear Polynesian

Ellicean

Kapingamarangi: hudi

Nukuoro: hudi

Tuvaluan: futi

Futunic

Anuta: puti

East Futuna: futi

Emae: futi

Samoic

Samoan: futi


ajan

Proto-South Sulawesi: *azan
Buginese: aseng
Makasar: areng


panas

Central Malayo-Polynesian:

Central Maluku:

Geser-Gorom: mfanas

Flores–Lembata:

Kedang: pana

Kei–Tanimbar:

Yamdena: fanas

Selaru:

Selaru: anas

Sumba–Flores:

Bima: pana

Dhao: pana

Kambera: pana, mbana

Kodi: banaha

Mamboru: banasa

Manggarai: panas

Ngadha: pana, bana

Rembong: panas

Sabu: pana

So'a: bana

Timor–Babar:

Baikeno: manas

Bilba: hana

Galoli: panas

Leti: pansa

Luang: pahene

Tetun Dili: hanas

Tugun: 'pʰana

→ Eritai: panas

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih:

Buli (Indonesia): fànas

Matbat: benis, benes

Ma'ya: ꞌbini³s

Proto-Oceanic: *panas
Central–Eastern Oceanic:
Proto-Polynesian: *fana
Hawaiian: hana
Maori: hana
Rapa Nui: hana
Tuamotuan: hana
Western Oceanic:
Kove: wanawana
Sobei: mefna

Western Malayo-Polynesian:

Basap–Greater Barito:

Basap: panas

East Barito:

Malagasy: fana

Kayanic:

Bahau: hanah

Modang: pəneə̯h, pənih (Long Gelat)

Segai: pnas

Wahau Kayan: mnæs

Land Dayak:

Rejang: paneus

North Borneo:

Central Sarawak:

Kajaman: pana

Lahanan: pana

Proto-North Sarawak:

Dayic:

Lun Bawang: pana

Bakung: pana

Penan:

Eastern Penan: pana

Western Penan: pana

Northeast Sabah:

Ida'an: panas

Proto-Philippine:

Mongondow: panat

Celebic:

Muna: fanaha

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:

Karo Batak: panas

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Bali–Sasak:

Balinese: panas, panes

Sasak: panas

Proto-Malayic: *panas
Iban: panas
Malay: panas
Indonesian: panas
Minangkabau: paneh, panaih

Sundanese: ᮕᮔᮞ᮪ (panas)

Old Javanese: panas

Javanese: ꦥꦤꦱ꧀ (panas)

Proto-South Sulawesi:

Embaloh: panas

Tae': pana'


hakut

Philippine

Batanic

Ivatan: hakot

Ibatan: akot

Northern Luzon

Northeastern Luzon

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: akot

Central Luzon

Sambalic

Bolinao: akot

Abenlen Ayta: akot

Mag-Anchi Ayta: akot

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: hakot

Bikol Central: hakot

Visayan

Cebuano: hakot

Aklanon: hakot

Hiligaynon: hakut

Mansakan

Mansaka: akot

Tagakaulu Kalagan: akut

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: ʔákut

Manobo

Binukid: hakut

Western Bukidnon Manobo: hakut

Danao

Maguindanao: akot

Maranao: akot

Gorontalo–Mongondow

⇒ Mongondow: mogakut

Kaidipang: akuto

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Banjarese: hangkut

Iban: angkut

Malay: angkut
Indonesian: angkut

South Sulawesi

Tamanic

Embaloh: angkut

Celebic

Wotu–Wolio

Wolio: angku

transport piecemeal or through repeated trips


lilin

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Cagayan Valley

Isnag: lilín

Northeastern Luzon

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: lilén

Meso-Cordilleran

Central Cordilleran

Kankanaey: lilín

Batad Ifugao: lilin

Tuwali Ifugao: lilin

Southern Cordilleran

Ibaloi: dilin

Central Luzon

Sambalic

Sambali: lilin

Abenlen Ayta: lilin

Barito

West Barito

Ngaju: lilin

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Nias: lili

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Iban: lilin

Malay: lilin
Indonesian: lilin

Minangkabau: lilin

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Manggarai: lilin

Ngadha: lili

Timoric

Tetum: lilin

Luang: lilli

Central Maluku

Saleman: lilin


halas

East Barito

Malagasy: ala

Old Javanese: alas

Javanese: ꦲꦭꦱ꧀ (alas)

→ Indonesian: alas

→ Balinese: ᬳᬮᬲ᭄ (alas)

Tetum: alas

From Proto-Austronesian *Salas (“forest, wilderness, woods”).


hikan

Central Malyo-Polynesian:

Alune: iane

Komodo: ihang

Tetum: ikan

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *ikan (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Philippine:

Ilocano: ikan

Limos Kalinga: ikan

Chamorro: guihan

Proto-Malayic: *ikan (see there for further descendants)

Palauan: ngikel


batuk

Proto-Philippine: *batuk

Central Philippine: *batuk

Tagalog: batok (“nape”)

Danao: *batuk

Maranao: batok (“cough”)

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan: *batuk

Proto-Malayo-Chamic: *batuk

Proto-Malayic: *batuk

desc

Malay: batok (“husk and shell of coconut”)

Indonesian: batok (“husk and shell of coconut”)

Malay: batuk (“cough”)

Indonesian: batuk (“cough”)

Acehnese: batôk (“cough”)


balay

Western Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Philippine: *balay (see there for further descendants)

North Bornean:

Southwest Sabahan:

Dusunic:

Central Dusun: walai

Rungus: valai

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: ᬩᬮᬾ (bale)

Sasak: bale

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Malayic:

desctree

Malay: balai
Indonesian: balai
→ Min Nan: 貓厘／猫厘 (bâ-lî, “couch”)

Minangkabau: balai

Old Sundanese

Sundanese: balé

Old Javanese: bale

Javanese: ꦧꦭꦺ (balé)

Palauan: bai

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Oceanic: *pale (see there for further descendants)


danaw

Proto-Oceanic:

Fijian: drano

Proto-Polynesian: *rano

Proto-Nuclear Polynesian:

Rapa Nui: rano

Samoan: lano

Tongan: ano

East Barito:

Malagasy: rano (“water”)

Proto-Philippine:

Bikol Central: danaw

Cebuano: danaw, lanaw

Ilocano: danaw

Maranao: lanaw, ranaw

Tagalog: danaw, lanaw

Waray-Waray: danaw

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Malayic: *danaw

Malay: danau
Indonesian: danau


kapas

Celebic:

Muna–Buton:

Muna: kapa

Saluan–Banggai:

Balantak: kapas

Tomini–Tolitoli:

Tajio: gapas

Greater Barito:

Sama-Bajaw:

Central Sama: gapas

Mapun: gapas

West Coast Bajau: kapas

Yakan: gapas

West Barito:

Ngaju: kapas

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan: *kapas

Bali–Sasak:

Balinese: ᬓᬧᬲ᭄ (kapas)

Proto-Malayo-Chamic: *kapas

Proto-Chamic: *kapaːs

Acehnese: gapeueh

Coastal Chamic:

Eastern Cham: ꨆꨚꩍ (kapah)

Highlands Chamic:

Chru-Northern Chamic:

Tsat: pa²¹

Jarai: kơpaih

Rade: kpaih

Proto-Malayic: *kapas

Iban: kapas

Malay: kapas
Indonesian: kapas

Minangkabau: kapeh

Urak Lawoi': กาปัซ (kapas)

North Borneo:

Proto-North Sarawak:

Berawan–Lower Baram:

Miri': apas

Dayic:

Lun Bawang: kapas

Northeast Sabah:

Bonggi: gapas

Southwest Sabah:

Dusunic:

Rungus: gapas

Tobilung: gapas

Murutic:

Burusu: kapas

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:

Toba Batak: hapas

Proto-Oceanic:

Fijian: kava

Proto-Polynesian: *kafa (“sennit”)

Proto-Nuclear Polynesian: *kafa

Proto-Eastern Polynesian: *kaha

Marquesic:

Hawaiian: ʻaha

Mangarevan: kaha

North Marquesan: kaha

Tahitic:

Maori: kaha

Penrhyn: kaha

Rakahanga-Manihiki: kaha

Rapa: ka’a

Rarotongan: ka‘a

Tahitian: aha

Tuamotuan: kaha

Samoic–Outlier:

Ellicean:

Kapingamarangi: gaha

Nuguria: kaha

Nukuoro: gaha

Sikaiana: aha

Takuu: kafa, kaha

Tuvaluan: kafa

Futunic:

Anuta: kapa

East Futuna: kafa

Emae: kafa

Futuna-Aniwa: kafa

Pileni: kaha

Pukapukan: kawa

Rennellese: kaha

Tikopia: kafa

West Uvean: kafa

Samoic:

Samoan: ʻafa

Tokelauan: kafa

Tongic:

Niuafo'ou: kafa

Niuean: kafa

Tongan: kafa

Western Fijian: kava-ti

Old Javanese: kapas

Javanese: ꦏꦥꦱ꧀ (kapas)

Proto-Philippine: *kapas ~ *kapəs

Central Luzon:

Sambalic:

Abenlen Ayta: kapah

Bolinao: kápas

Greater Central Philippine:

Central Philippine:

Bikol:

Bikol Central: gapas

Mansakan:

Tagakaulu Kalagan: gapas

Visayan:

Asi: gápas

Cebuano: gapas

Masbatenyo: gápas

Romblomanon: gāpas

Tausug: gapas

Waray-Waray: gapas

Gorontalo–Mongondow:

Mongondow: kapot

Manobo:

Ata Manobo: gapas

Palawanic:

Brooke's Point Palawano: gapas

Northern Luzon:

Ilocano: kápas

Cagayan Valley:

Isnag: kápat

Yogad: kapát

Meso-Cordilleran:

Central Cordilleran:

Kalinga–Itneg:

Binongan Itneg: kapes

Lubuagan Kalinga: kapas

Nuclear Cordilleran:

Central Bontoc: kápəs

Batad Ifugao: kápoh, āpoh

Kankanaey: kápes

Northern Kankanay: kapes

Southern Cordilleran:

Ibaloi: kapes

Keley-I Kallahan: kapeh

Pangasinan: kapés

Northeastern Luzon:

Dupaningan Agta: kapas

South Mindanao:

Tboli: gófós

Proto-South Sulawesi:

Duri: kapaq, kapah

Early borrowing from East Austroasiatic, whence Proto-Mon-Khmer *kpaas. Compare Sanskrit कर्पास (karpāsa) and Old Chinese 布 (OC *pˤa-s) (B-S), both of which are probably Austroasiatic loans.


hipi

North Borneo:

Southwest Sabah:

Central Dusun: ipi

Proto-Philippine:

Minahasan: *ipi

Tondano: ipi

Sangiric:

Ratahan: ipi

Sangir: ipi

Celebic:

Koroni: ipi

Padoe: ipi

Pamona: ipi

Moklenic:

Moken: mepoy, lepoy

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:

Nias: ifi

Toba Batak: ipi

Chamorro: guifi

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Bali-Sasak:

Balinese: impi, ipi

Sasak: impi

Proto-Malayic: *impi, *mimpi
Banjarese: mimpi
Kendayan: mimpi
Ibanic
Iban: mimpɪi̯
Keninjal: mimpi
Mualang: mimpi
Seberuang: mimpey
Malayan
Malay: impi, mimpi
Indonesian: impi, mimpi
Central Malay: mimpi
Minangkabau: mimpi
Pattani Malay: มีปี (mipi)
Urak Lawoi': มีปี (mipi)

Sundanese: impi

Old Javanese: ipi

Javanese: impi, ipi

Proto-South Sulawesi:

Buginese: nipi

Makasar: mimpi

Tae': impi

(intransitive) to dream (see imaginary events while sleeping)


bulud

Central Philippine

Visayan

Cebuano: bulod

Tausug: bud


bagay

Proto-Philippine:

Tagalog: bagay

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Malayic:

Malay: bagai

Indonesian: bagai

Proto-Batak:

Karo Batak: bage

⇒ Toba Batak: mar-bage-bage

same kind or type; fitting; well-matched; suitable


bilik

Philippine

Central Philippine

Visayan

Tausug: bilik

Danao

Maguindanao: bilik

Malayo-Chamic

Malayic

Malay: bilik
Indonesian: bilik
→ Arabic: بِلِّيج (billīj), بَالِج (bālij), بَلَنْج (balanj) — taṣḥīf, after Hindi पलंग (palaṅg, “bed”)
→ Judeo-Arabic: כליג (balīj)
→ Portuguese: beliche
→ Tetum: belixe


kubu

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: kubó

Central Luzon

Abenlen Ayta: kobo

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: kúbo

North Bornean

Southwest Sabahan

Paitanic

Tombonuo: kubu

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Karo Batak: kubu

Toba Batak: hubu

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Malay: kubu
Indonesian: kubu

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: kubu

Sasak: kubu

Old Javanese: kuwu
Javanese: ꦏꦸꦮꦸ (kuwu, “village head; village messenger; to camp”)
→ Indonesian: kuwu (“village head”)

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Flores–Lembata

Sika: kuwu


taban

Philippine

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: tában

Bikol Central: tában

Visayan

Cebuano: tában

Aklanon: tában

Hiligaynon: tában

Tausug: taban

Mansakan

Mansaka: taban

Tagakaulu Kalagan: taban

Danao

Maguindanao: taban

Maranao: taban

Manobo

Ata Manobo: taban

Western Bukidnon Manobo: tavan

Palawanic

Brooke's Point Palawano: taban

Aborlan Tagbanwa: taban

Kalamian

Agutaynen: taban

South Mindanao

Tiruray: taban

Barito

Sama–Bajaw

Yakan: taban

Mapun: taban

East Barito

Malagasy: tavana

West Barito

Ngaju: tawan

North Bornean

North Sarawakan

Dayic

Kelabit: taban

Lun Bawang: taban

Central Sarawakan

Melanau–Kajang

Central Melanau: taban

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Karo Batak: taban

Dairi Batak: taban

Toba Batak: taban

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Iban: taban

Malay: tawan
Indonesian: tawan

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: taban

Sasak: taban

Old Javanese: tawan

Celebic

Proto-Bungku-Tolaki: *tawaN

booty, war captive (what is taken in war)


balija

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: balíga

Meso-Cordilleran

Central Bontoc: balíga

Batad Ifugao: balīga

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: balila

Danao

Maranao: barira

Sangiric

Sangir: balira

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

>? Karo Batak: balida

Toba Batak: baliga

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Iban: belia

>? Malay: belera, belira
Indonesian: belera

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: belida

Sasak: belida

Old Javanese: walira

South Sulawesi

Makasar: balira

Tae': balida

Celebic

Kaili–Pamona

Pamona: walida

Wotu–Wolio

Wolio: balida

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Kambera: lira

Kodi: malira

weaver's sword (lath used to beat in and tighten the woof)


lekas

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-kas (“swift, agile, strong, energetic”).


lekas

Proto-Philippine:

South Mindanao

Tboli: lekakas (“quickly”)

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Madurese: rekas (“quick”)

Proto-Malayo-Chamic: *lekas

Proto-Malayic: *lekas

Iban: lekas

Malay: lekas

Indonesian: lekas

Sama–Bajaw

Yakan: lakkes (“fast, quickly”)


paku

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: pakó

Northeastern Luzon

Dupaningan Agta: pakó

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: pakó

Cagayan Valley

Isnag: pakó

Itawit: pakú

Meso-Cordilleran

Central Cordilleran

Kalinga–Itneg

Tanudan Kalinga: paku

Southern Kalinga: pako'

Nuclear Cordilleran

Batad Ifugao: pa'pa'u

Tuwali Ifugao: appaku

Kankanaey: pakó

Southern Cordilleran

Pangasinan: pakó

Karao: pao

Central Luzon

Bolinao: pako'

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: pakô

Bikol Central: pakó

Bisayan

Cebuano: pakó

Asi: pakó

Aklanon: pakó

Romblomanon: pako

Mansakan

Mansaka: pako

Mamanwa: pako

Subanen

Central Subanen: paku

Manobo

Binukid: pako

Agusan Manobo: pa'ku

Cotabato Manobo: pakò

Danao

Maranao: pako

Palawanic

Central Tagbanwa: pako

Kalamian

Agutaynen: pako-pako

South Mindanao

Tboli: hokù

Tiruray: fagew

Sangiric: *paku

Minahasan

Tontemboan: paku

Greater Barito

Sama–Bajaw

Mapun: pako'

North Bornean

Southwest Sabahan

Paitanic

Tombonuo: paku

North Sarawakan

Dayic

Kelabit: pa'uh

Berawan–Lower Baram

Berawan: pakkoh

Kenyah

Bakung: paku

Eastern Penan: pakeu

Kayanic

Busang Kayan: pako'

Murik (Malaysia): paku'

Land Dayak

Bidayuh

Bau Bidayuh: pokuh

Biatah Bidayuh: pekuh

Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh: pakuh

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Karo Batak: paku

Toba Batak: pahu

Simeulue: paku

Malayo-Sumbawan

Chamic

Acehnese: paku

desctree

Proto-Malayic: *paku(ʔ)
Banjarese: paku
West Bornean Malayic
Ibanic
Iban: paku'
Keninjal: paku'
Mualang: pako'
Seberuang: pako'
Western Malayic Dayak
Kendayan: paku
Nuclear Malayic
Malay: paku
Indonesian: paku
→ Chinese: 巴姑菜 (bāgūcài)
Kedah Malay: paku
Central Malay: paku
Minangkabau: paku
Negeri Sembilan Malay: paku
Pattani Malay: ปากู (paku)

Sundanese: paku / ᮕᮊᮥ (paku)

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: paku

Sasak: paku

Old Javanese: paku

South Sulawesi

Makasar: paku

Tae': paku

Celebic

Proto-Bungku-Tolaki: *paku

Wotu–Wolio

Wolio: paku

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Bima: faku

Sumba–Flores

Sumba–Hawu

Kambera: paku

Western Flores

Manggarai: paku

Ngadha: paku

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *pahəku.


ka-

Proto-Philippine:

Batanic

desc

Yami: ka- (“company, as ... as, abstract noun; and then, just now, only; stative verb prefix reappearing in forming transitive verbs; very (reduplicated root); animals named after certain features (reduplicated root)”)

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: ka-

Coastal Bikol

Bikol Central: ka-

Bisayan/Visayan

Cebuano: ka-

Western Indonesian

Greater North Borneo

Proto-Malayic:

Malayic

Malay: ke-
Indonesian: ke-

Minangkabau: ka-

Old Sundanese:

Sundanese: ᮊ- (ka-)

Madurese:

Kangean: ka-

desctree

Old Javanese: ka-
Javanese: k-, ꦏ- (ka-), ꦏꦼ- (ke-)

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Oceanic:

Micronesian

Central Micronesian

Mokilese: ka-

marker of past time in temporal expressions

stative marker in irrealis constructions

manner in which an action is carried out


landak

Philippine

Central Philippine

Cebuano: landak

Palawanic

Central Palawano: landak

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Karo Batak: landak

Toba Batak: sigulandak

Malayo-Sumbawan

Proto-Malayic: *landak
Ibanic
Iban: landak
Mualang: landak
Seberuang: landak
Keninjal: lanak
Malayan
Malay: landak
Indonesian: landak
Minangkabau: landak
Urak Lawoi': ลานะ (lanaq)

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: landak

Sasak: landak

Sundanese: landak

Old Javanese: landak

Javanese: landak


suja

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: súga

Cagayan Valley

Isnag: túxa

Meso-Cordilleran

Central Cordilleran

Central Bontoc: súga

Batad Ifugao: hūga

Southern Cordilleran

Pangasinan: sugá

South Mindanao

Tiruray: suro

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Karo Batak: suga

Toba Batak: suga

Nias: suxa

Mentawai: suga

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Malay: suda
Indonesian: suda

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: suda

South Sulawesi

Northern

Tae': sura

Makassaric

Makasar: sura

Celebic

Kaili–Pamona

Uma: huja

⇒ Pamona: mancuya

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Central Maluku

West

Buru (Indonesia): suran

East

Kamarian: sura

Asilulu: sula

Oceanic

Western Oceanic

Meso-Melanesian

Tolai: ua

Central-Eastern Oceanic

Southeast Solomonic

Arosi: suda

pitfall or trail spikes made of sharpened bamboo


datu

Proto-Philippine:

Central Philippine

Mansakan

Mandayan

Mansaka: dato (“chief”)

Palawanic

Palawan Batak: datu

Tagalog: datu

Visayan

Cebuano: dato, datu (“rich man”)

Manobo

North Manobo

Higaonon: datu (“king”)

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *fatu

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Oceanic:

Fijian: ratu

Proto-Polynesian: *ɸatu

Hawaiian: haku

Old Javanese: ḍatu, ratu
Javanese: ꦝꦠꦸ (dhatu)
Javanese: ꦫꦠꦸ (ratu)
→ Balinese: ᬭᬢᬸ (ratu)
→ Malay: ratu
Indonesian: ratu

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Malayic: *datu
Malay: datu, datuk, datung, datuk, datok, atuk, tuk
Indonesian: datu
Indonesian: datuk
→ Hokkien: 拿督

Balinese: ᬤᬢᬸ (datu)


luas

From Proto-Austronesian *luas. Doublet of *luqar and *luqaR.


luas

Celebic

Saluan–Banggai

Taliabu: bala-lua

Greater Barito

Sama-Bajaw

Yakan: luwas

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Proto-Batak:

Southern

Toba Batak: luas

Old Javanese: luwĕs (“flexible”), lwā (“breadth, width”)
> Javanese: ꦭꦸꦮꦼꦱ꧀ (luwes) (inherited)
→ Indonesian: luwês
→ Balinese: ᬮᬸᬯᭂᬲ᭄ (lues)
> Javanese: ꦭ꧀ꦮ (lwa) (inherited)

Proto-Philippine: *luwas

Central Luzon

Sambalic

Abenlen Ayta: lwah

Central Philippine

Bikol

Coastal Bikol

Bikol Central: luwas

Mansakan

Mandayan

Mansaka: lowas

Tagalog: luwás

Visayan

Cebuano: luwas

Central Bisayan

Hiligaynon: luwás

Masbatenyo: luwás

Romblomanon: luwas

Western Bisayan

Aklanon: euwas

Danao

Maranao: loas

Manobo

North

Binukid: luwas

Northern Luzon

Meso-Cordilleran

Southern Cordilleran

Pangasinan: luás

Northeastern Luzon

Dupaningan Agta: luwás

Southern

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: luwas

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: luwás

Proto-Philippine: *luas (“to undress”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-South Sulawesi:

Northern

Toraja

Tae': luak

Makassaric

Makasar: luasak

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Bali-Sasak

desc

Balinese: ᬮᬸᬯᬲ᭄ (luwas, “to go”), ᬮ᭄ᬯᬲ᭄ (lwas)

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Malayic:

Iban: luas

Malay: luas

Indonesian: luas

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Oceanic:

Proto-Polynesian: *loa (see there for further descendants)


putat

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: putat

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: putat

Bikol Central: pútat

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: pútat

Barito

East Barito

Malagasy: fotatra

West Barito

Ngaju: putat

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Malay: putat
Indonesian: putat

Sundanese: putat

Old Javanese: putat

Javanese: putat

Oceanic

Admiralty Islands

Manus

Bipi: puk

Likum: puk

Loniu: put

Central-Eastern Oceanic

Central Pacific

Rotuman: hufa


palaj

Central Philippine

Danao

Maranao: palad

Visayan

Cebuano: palad

Tausug: pad


kima

Philippine

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: kimâ (“large shellfish”)

Gorontalo–Mongondow

Mongondow: kima (“kind of oyster”)

South Mindanao

Tboli: kima (“seashell”)

Sangiric

Sangir: kima

Minahasan

Tontemboan: kima (“shellfish”)

Tonsawang: kima

Barito

Sama–Bajaw

Yakan: kime (“fluted clam”)

Mapun: kima

East Barito

Malagasy: hima (“a kind of shell”)

North Bornean

Northeast Sabahan

Ida'an: kimo (“oyster”)

Southwest Sabahan

Central Dusun: kimo (“a kind of big oyster”)

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Karo Batak: hima (“large white marine shellfish”)

Simeulue: kimo

Nias: gima (“a large shellfish”)

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Malay: kima
Indonesian: kima

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: ᬓᬶᬫ (kima)

Sasak: kima (“large oyster”)

Javanese: ꦏꦶꦩ (kima, “kind of large shellfish”)

South Sulawesi

Buginese: ᨀᨗᨆ (kima)

Celebic

Bungku–Tolaki: *kima (“shell”)

Bungku: kima (“oyster”)

Chamorro: hima (“clam”)

Palauan: kim (“type of large clam”)

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Manggarai: hima (“oyster”)

Ngadha: kima (“mussel”)

Kambera: kíma (“kind of large bivalve”)

Flores–Lembata

Sika: 'ima (“shell”)

Lamaholot: kíma (“shellfish; mussel; oyster”)

Timoric

Tetum: kima (“sea shell”)

Central Maluku

Buru (Indonesia): kima (“mollusk”)

Asilulu: kima

Oceanic

Admiralty Islands

Yapese: kiim

Southeast Solomonic

Bugotu–Gela

Gela: gima

Malaita–Makira

To'abaita: ʼima

'Are'are: ima (“a big clam shell”)

Sa'a: 'ime (“the bear’s paw clam”)

Micronesian

Gilbertese: kima (“a large shell”)

Pohnpeic

Mokilese: kim (“clam”)

Chuukic

Chuukese: siim (“medium-sized tridacna shell”)

Puluwat: hiim (“kind of fairly large edible tridacna”)

Woleaian: sium

Southern Oceanic

Mota: gima (“the bear’s paw clam”)

Central Pacific

Polynesian

Kapingamarangi: gima (“horse hoof clam”)

Nukuoro: gima (“horse hoof clam”)


wada

Proto-Philippine: *wada

Batanic:

Yami-Itbayat:

Itbayaten: wara-wara

Northern Luzon:

Cagayan Valley:

Gaddang: wáda

Isnag: wadóy

Ilocano: wadá, addá

South-Central Cordilleran:

Southern Cordilleran:

Pangasinic:

Pangasinan: walá

Central Cordilleran:

Nuclear Cordilleran:

Bontok-Kankanaey:

Bontok: wáda, wadáy

Kankanaey: wáda

Ifugao: wa

North Bornean:

Southwest Sabahan:

Dusunic:

Central Dusun: haro

Northwest Sumatran:

Mentawai: bara

desctree

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan: *wada
Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa
Balinese: ada
Sasak: ara
Madurese: badha
Proto-Malayo-Chamic: *ada
Proto-Malayic: *ada
Ibanic:
Iban: adai (from *ada-i)
Nuclear Malayic:
Banjarese: kada
Malay: ada
Indonesian: ada
Minangkabau: ado
Urak Lawoi': อาดา (ada)

Old Javanese: wwara

Chamorro: guaha

Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Central Malayo-Polynesian:

Bimanese: wara

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Oceanic: *wola

Central Pacific:

Fijian: bula

Proto-Polynesian: *ola

Tongic:

Niuean: ola

Tongan: ola

Nuclear Polynesian:

Ellicean:

Samoic:

Samoan: ola

Ellicean–Outlier:

Kapingamarangi: ora

Tuvaluan: ola

Eastern Polynesian:

Central Eastern Polynesian:

Marquesic:

Hawaiian: ola

Tahitic:

Maori: ora

Tahitian: ora

Rapa Nui: ora


iak

Western Malayo-Polynesian

Philippine

Bikol Central: iyak

Cebuano: iyak, hilak

Kapampangan: kiyak

Tagalog: iyak

Malayic

Malay: teriak

Indonesian: teriak


minat

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Oceanic:

Proto-Polynesian: *mina
Nuclear Polynesian:
Eastern Polynesian:
Marquesic:
Hawaiian: mina
Marquesan: mina
Tahitic:
Maori: mina
Tahitian: mina
Futunic:
Futuna-Aniwa: mina
Pukapukan: mina

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Malayic:

Malay: minat

Indonesian: minat


kamay

Philippine

Batanic

Yami: kamay

Ibatan: kamay

Central Philippine

Tagalog: kamay

Cebuano: kamay

Barito

East Barito

Tawoyan: kamei

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Halmahera-Cenderawasih

Gebe: kame

Oceanic

Kokota: kamena

Zabana: kame


quma

Philippine

Northern Luzon

desc

Ilocano: umá (“tract of land cleared for cultivation”)

Cagayan Valley

Isnag: umá (“to clear a patch of ground, preparing it for a rice field”)

Itawit: umá (“clearing”)

Meso-Cordilleran

Central Cordilleran

Bontoc-Kankanaey

Central Bontoc: óma (“swidden; a field in an area away from the village formed by cutting and burning the vegetation”)

Kankanaey: umá (“field; patch; plot; piece of ground planted with camotes, beans, etc.”)

Ifugao

Batad Ifugao: ūma (“upland field; swidden, using a slash-and-burn agricultural technique”)

a cleared uncultivated or forested area; swidden

Tuwali Ifugao: uma (“a cleared uncultivated or forested area; swidden”)

Southern Cordilleran

Karao: oma (“mountainside garden”)

a cleared, uncultivated or forested area

Keley-I Kallahan: uma (“a cleared, uncultivated or forested area”)

Northeastern Luzon

swidden; field; farm; plantation; homestead

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: umá (“swidden; field; farm; plantation; homestead”)

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Bikol Central: umá (“farm; field”)

Bisayan

Cebuano: uma (“farm”)

Asi: umá (“farm”)

Central Bisayan

Romblomanon: 'uma (“upland field”)

Masbatenyo: uma (“farm; cultivated field”)

Masbatenyo: uma (“farm; cultivated field”)

Waray-Waray: umá (“agriculture; clearing; country; farm; field; grange; homestead; spot”)

West Bisayan

Aklanon: umá (“farm”)

South Bisayan

Tausug: uma (“a cultivated field or farm; rice field”)

Manobo

Agusan Manobo: u'ma (“farm; field”)

Danao

Maranao: oma (“farm; field; meadow”)

Palawanic

Brooke's Point Palawano: uma (“garden, field for growing crops, primarily rice crops”)

field; swidden; garden; slash-and-burn field

Central Palawano: uma (“field; swidden; garden; slash-and-burn field”)

Tagbanwa: uma (“upland rice or corn field”)

Aborlan Tagbanwa: uma (“upland rice or corn field”)

Kalamian

Calamian Tagbanwa: kuma (“swidden”)

Agutaynen: koma (“farm; fields, specifically rice fields”)

Minahasan

Tontemboan: uma (“garden; swidden; dry rice field”)

Tonsea: uma (“farm, field”)

Tondano: uma (“farm, field”)

North Bornean

North Sarawakan

Berawan–Lower Baram

Narom: umah (“grass”)

Kiput: uməh (“grass”)

Kenyah

Bakung: uma (“rice field; swidden”)

Central Sarawakan

Central Melanau: uma (“cultivated field”)

Central Melanau: uma (“cultivated field”)

Seru: umoh (“swidden”)

Land Dayak

Benyadu–Bekati

Benyadu': uma' (“field”)

Bekati': uma' (“field”)

Rara Bakati': umak (“wet field”)

Sara: uma' (“field”)

Bidayuh

Bau Bidayuh: umoh (“farm, field”)

Biatah Bidayuh: ŭmŭh (“farm, field”)

Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh: umŭh /umūh (“farm, field, especially paddy field”)

Moken–Moklen

Moken: koma (“garden; clearing”)

Nortwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Northern Batak

Karo Batak: uma / huma (“field; farm”)

Southern Batak

Simalungun Batak: juma (“field; rice field”)

Simalungun Batak: juma (“field; rice field”)

Toba Batak: uma (“field; rice field”)

Angkola Batak: huma (“cultivated field”)

Angkola Batak: huma (“cultivated field”)

Mandailing Batak: huma (“cultivated field”)

Mandailing Batak: huma (“cultivated field”)

Malayo-Sumbawan

desctree

Proto-Chamic: *huma
Acehnese: umeung
Coastal Chamic
Cham
Eastern Cham: ꨨꨠꨭꨩ (hamu)
Western Cham: حامو (hamu)
Haroi: hơmɨa
Highlands Chamic
Chru–Northern Chamic
Chru: hơma
Northern Chamic
Northern Roglai: humã
Tsat: ma³³
Jarai–Rhade
Jarai: hơma
Rade: hma
Bih: uma

Proto-Malayic: *huma(ʔ)
Banjarese: huma
West Bornean Malayic
Ibanic
Iban: umai
Remun: umai
Mualang: uma
Seberuang: uma
Western Malayic Dayak
Kendayan: uma
Nuclear Malayic
Malay: huma
Indonesian: huma
Central Malay: umo
Minangkabau: humo, umo
Pattani Malay: ฮูมอ (humɔ)

Sundanese: huma / ᮠᮥᮙ (huma, “swidden, dry rice field”)

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: uma / ᬳᬸᬫ (“field; rice field; arable land”)

Sumbawa: uma (“rice field”)

South Sulawesi

Northern South Sulawesi

desc

garden; cultivated field; dry rice field

Mandar: uma (“garden; cultivated field; dry rice field”)

Massenrempulu

Duri: uma (“field; garden”)

Enrekang: uma (“field; garden”)

Toraja

Toraja-Sa'dan: uma (“rice field”)

Tae': uma (“rice field”)

Bugis–Tamanic

Buginese: uma (“field”)

Embaloh: uma (“swidden”)

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Bima: oma (“cultivated field”)

Sumba–Flores

Manggarai: uma (“garden, cultivated field; clear away underbrush before felling large trees in making a new swidden”)

Ngadha: uma (“field”)

Flores–Lembata

Sika: uma (“garden; field”)

Central Maluku

Watubela: kuma (“kuma”)

Kowiai: um (“garden; plot”)

Proto-Oceanic: *quma

Western Oceanic

Meso-Melanesian

Tungag–Nalik

Tigak: uma (“garden”)

Madak

Madak: uma (“garden”)

St. George

Tolai: uma (“plantation; field”)

Northwest Solomonic

Roviana: uma (“make a garden”)

North New Guinea

Ngero–Vitiaz

Ngero

Kove: umo (“garden”)

Gitua: umwa (“garden”)

Vitiaz

Sengseng: kum (“to work in the garden”)

garden; field; plantation; cultivated land

Gedaged: um (“garden; field; plantation; cultivated land”)

soil which is ready for gardening (after burning)

Mbula: kuma (“soil which is ready for gardening (after burning)”)

Schouten

Manam: uma (“garden”)

Huon Gulf

Numbami: uma (“garden”)

Papuan Tip

Central Papuan Tip

Motu: uma (“garden; an enclosed cultivated plot”)

Motu: uma (“garden; an enclosed cultivated plot”)

Hiri Motu: uma (“garden”)

Nuclear Papuan Tip

Dobu–Duau

Molima: ʔuma (“planted garden”)

Suauic

Saliba (New Guinea): kuma (“to plant”)

Central–Eastern Oceanic

Southern Oceanic

Mota: umwa (“clear away growth from a garden, the first stage in preparation”)

Southeast Solomonic

Bugotu–Nggela

clear away the bushes in making a garden

Gela: uma (“clear away the bushes in making a garden”)

Malaita–Makira

'Are'are: umaa (“clear the undergrowth when commencing a new garden”)

Arosi: umwa (“to weed a garden”)

Central Pacific

Polynesian

Rennellese: ‘umanga (“garden, as for yams or taro”)

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *qumah (“swidden”).


sapu

Central Philippine

Danao

Maranao: sapo

Visayan

Tausug: sapu

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malay: sapu


zalan

Proto-Philippine: *dálan

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: dalan

Meso-Cordilleran

Limos Kalinga: dalan

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: dalan

Sambalic:

Botolan Sambal: dalan

Sambali: dalan

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Bikol:

Bikol Central: dalan

Bisayan:

Cebuano: dalan

Central Bisaya:

Hiligaynon: dalan

Tagalog: daan

Danao:

Maguindanao: lalan

Maranao: lalan

Manobo:

Dibabawon Manobo: daan

Matigsalug Manobo: dalan

Greater Barito

East Barito:

Malagasy: lalana

Ma'anyan: lalan

Northwest Sumatra-Barrier Islands

Toba Batak: dalan

Malayo-Sumbawan

desctree

Proto-Malayic: *jalan
Banjarese: jalan
Kendayan: jalan
Ibanic
Iban: jalai
Keninjal: jalan
Mualang: jalai
Remun: jala
Seberuang: jalai
Nuclear Malayic
Malay: jalan
> Indonesian: jalan (inherited)
→ Chinese: 惹蘭／惹兰 (Rělán)
Brunei Malay: jalan
Kedah Malay: jalan
Central Malay: jalan
Minangkabau: jalan, jalang
Negeri Sembilan Malay: jalan
Pattani Malay: ยฺาแล (jalɛ)
Urak Lawoi': ยฺาลัด (jalat)

Sundanese: jalan

Old Javanese: dalan
Javanese: ꦢꦭꦤ꧀ (dalan)

Celebic:

Kaili-Pamona

Lindu: dala

Pamona: jaya

Saluan-Banggai

Balantak: salan

Wotu-Wolio

Wolio: dala

Chamorro: chalan

Palauan: rael

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *zalan

Tetum: dalan

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *zalan

Proto-Oceanic: *salan

Central-Eastern Oceanic:

Fijian: sala

Proto-Polynesian: *sala

Proto-Nuclear Polynesian:

Proto-Eastern Polynesian:

Hawaiian: ala

Maori: ara

Rapa Nui: ara

Western Oceanic:

Motu:

Hiri Motu: dala

path (a trail for the use of, or worn by, pedestrians; a course taken)


pajay

Proto-Philippine: *pájay

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: pagay

Pangasinan: pagey

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: pale

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Bisayan:

Western Bisayan

Cuyunon: paray

Tagalog: palay

→ Chavacano: palay

→ English: palay

Danao

Maguindanao: palay

Barito:

Southwest Barito:

Ngaju: parei

East Barito:

desc

Malagasy: fary (“sugar cane”), vary (“paddy”)

Northwest Sumatra-Barrier Islands

Karo Batak: page

Nias: fakhe

Proto-Malayic: *padi (see there for further descendants)

Old Javanese: pari
Javanese: ꦥꦫꦶ (pari)

South Sulawesi:

Toraja-Sa'dan: pare

Buginese: ase

→ Makasar: ase

Coastal Konjo: pare

Celebic

Kaili-Pamona

Lindu: pae

Saluan-Banggai

Balantak: pae

Chamorro: fa'i

Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Tetum: hare


bəʀas

Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa

Balinese: ᬩᬳᬲ᭄ (baas)

Sasak-Sumbawa

Sasak: beras

Celebic:

Pamona: wea

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Sumba–Flores:

Manggarai: weras

Timoric:

Tetum: fos

Chamorro: pugas

Proto-Chamic: *braːs

Acehnese: breuëh

Jarai: braih

Rade: braih

Tsat: phia¹¹

Greater Barito

Barito:

Malagasy: vary

Ngaju: behas

Kayan–Murik:

Baram Kayan: bahah

Proto-Lampungic:

Lampung Api: bias

desctree

Proto-Malayic: *bəras
Ibanic
Iban: berau
Mualang: beras
Seberuang: beras
Nuclear Malayic
Brunei Malay: baras
Malay: beras
Indonesian: beras
→ Nias: beras
Minangkabau: bareh
Urak Lawoi': บรัซ (bras)

Moklenic:

Moken: bela

North Bornean:

Proto-North Sarawak:

Berawan: bekeh

Bintulu: vas

Kelabit: bera

Northwestern Sumatra-Barrier Islands:

Proto-Batak: *bərras

Dairi Batak: beras (“fruit”)

Karo Batak: beras

Toba Batak: boras (“rice”)

Simeulue: bərae

Old Javanese: bras, wĕas
Javanese: ꦧꦼꦫꦱ꧀ (beras)
→ Balinese: ᬩᭂᬭᬲ᭄ (beras)
Javanese: ꦮꦺꦴꦱ꧀ (wos)

Proto-Philippine: *bəʀas

Aklanon: bugás

Bikol Central: bagás

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: begés

Cebuano: bugás

Central Bontoc: begás (“fruit”)

Hanunoo: bugás

Hiligaynon: bugás

Isnag: baggāt

Itawit: bággat

Kapampangan: abyás

Kankanaey: begás

Manobo:

Binukid: begas

Western Bukidnon Manobo: beGas

Mansaka: bugas

Maranao: begas (“cooked rice”)

Mongondow: bogat

Pangasinan: belás

Palawan Batak: bəgás

Tagalog: bigás

Tuwali Ifugao: boga

Yogad: beggat

Rejang: blas

Proto-South Sulawesi:

Buginese: wereʔ

Mandar: barras

Tae': barraʔ

Sundanese: ᮘᮦᮃᮞ᮪ (béas)

Tamanic:

Embaloh: baras


qaqay

Calamian Tagbanwa: kakay

Cia-Cia: 까께 (kkakke)

Proto-Malayic: *kaki

Brunei Malay: kaki

Malay: kaki
Indonesian: kaki
→ Acehnese: gaki
→ Banjarese: kaki
→ Min Nan: 腳距／脚距 (kioh-kī)

Moken: kakai, kakay

Nias: ahe

Yapese: qaay


tuqəlaŋ

East Barito:

Malagasy: taolana

Proto-Philippine: *tuqlaŋ

Brooke's Point Palawano: tulang

Dupaningan Agta: tulang

Ilocano: tulang

Maranao: tolan

Chamorro: to'lang

Land Dayak

Bau Bidayuh: turang

Proto-Malayic: *tulaŋ (see there for further descendants)

Sundanese: tulang


qatay

East Barito:

Malagasy: aty

North Bornean:

Proto-North Sarawak:

Bakung: atai

Central Melanau: atai

Sebop: atai

Proto-Philippine:

Bikol Central: katoy

Cebuano: atay

Hiligaynon: atay

Iranun: atai

Kagayanen: atay

Kapampangan: ate

Maguindanao: hatay

Tagakaulu Kalagan: atay

Tagalog: atay

Waray-Waray: atay

Yami: atay

Sama-Bajaw:

West Coast Bajau: atei

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *qatay

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *qatay

Proto-Oceanic: *qate

Central-Eastern Oceanic:

Fijian: yate, ate

Proto-Polynesian: *qate

Proto-Nuclear Polynesian:

Proto-Eastern Polynesian:

Hawaiian: ake

Maori: ate

Rapa Nui: ate

→ Äiwoo: teaate (with prefix te-)

Tetum: aten

Proto-Bungku-Tolaki:

Mori Bawah: ate

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Malayic: *hati
Iban: ati
Brunei Malay: ati
Malay: hati
Indonesian: hati
Urak Lawoi': ฮาตี (hati)

Sundanese: ᮃᮒᮤ (ati)

Muna-Buton:

Cia-Cia: 하떼 (hate)

Old Javanese: hati
Javanese: ꦲꦠꦶ (ati)


taqu

Philippine:

Greater Central Philippine:

Central Philippine:

Bikol Central: tatao

South Mangyan:

Hanunó'o: táu

Danao:

Maranao: tao

Manobo:

Binukid: tatau

Kalamian:

Agutaynen: tako

Greater Barito:

Sama-Bajaw:

Mapun: tau

Pangutaran Sama: ta'u

Southern Sama: tau

Yakan: tau

West Barito:

Ngaju Dayak: tau

Ot Danum: tou

North Bornean:

Central Sarawak:

Melanau: tao, ta'ew

Northwest Sumatran–Barriers Islands:

Toba Batak: tau

Malayo-Sumbawan:

Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Chamic: *thɔw

Acehnese: thée

Coastal Chamic:

Cham:

Eastern Cham: thău

Western Cham: thau

Highlands Chamic:

Chru-Northern Chamic:

Chru: thâu

Northern Chamic:

Northern Roglai: thơu

Tsat: tiawʔ³²

Jarai: thâo

Rade: thâo

Proto-Malayic: *tahu(ʔ)
Iban: tau (“to be able”)
Kendayan: tahu
Malayan:
Kerinci: taaw, taow
Malay: tahu / تاهو
Indonesian: tahu, tau
Minang: tau
Temuan: tauk
Urak Lawoi’: ตาฮู (tahu)

Madurese: tao

Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa:

Balinese: tahu

Sasak: taoq

Sundanese: nyaho

Old Javanese: tahu

Proto-Oceanic: *taqu

Proto-Polynesian: *ma(a)taqu
Proto-Nuclear Polynesian:
Proto-Eastern Polynesian:
Marquesic:
Hawaiian: mākaukau
Tahitic:
Maori: mātau
Rarotongan: mātau
Tuamotuan: mātau
Tahitian: mātau, mātautau
Western Polynesian:
Ellicean-Outlier:
Tuvaluan: matau
Futunic:
East Futuna: mātau
Pukapukan: mātau
Samoic:
Tokelauan: mātau
Tongic:
Niuean: matautau


daʀaq

Proto-Philippine: *dáʀaq

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: dara

Pangasinan: dala

Yogad: daga

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: daya

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Danao

Maranao: dara

Barito

Malagasy: ra

Northwest Sumatra-Barrier Islands

Proto-Batak: *darəh (with irregular *ə in the final syllable)
Karo Batak: darəh
Dairi Batak: daroh
Simalungun Batak: daroh
Toba Batak: daro

Nias: do

Malayo-Sumbawan

Proto-Chamic: *darah

Acehnese: darah

Cham:

Eastern Cham: ꨕꨣꩍ (darah)

Jarai: drah

Proto-Malayic: *darah
Banjarese: darah
Kendayan: darah
Ibanic
Iban: daræh
Keninjal: daɣah
Mualang: daɣah
Seberuang: daɣah
Malayan
Malay: darah
Indonesian: darah
→ Javanese: ꦝꦫꦃ (dharah)
Minangkabau: darah
Central Malay: daghah
Pattani Malay: ดาเรฺาะฮ (daɣɔh)
Urak Lawoi': ดารัฮ (darah)

Old Javanese: rāh
Javanese: ꦫꦃ (rah, “blood”)
→ Balinese: ᬭᬵᬄ (rah, “blood”)

>? Old Javanese: darā
> Javanese: ꦢꦫ (dara) (inherited)
>? Malay: dara
> Indonesian: dara (inherited)

Celebic:

Saluan-Banggai

Balantak: rara'

Wotu-Wolio

Wolio: raa

Chamorro: håga'

Palauan: rasech

Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Masiwang: lasa

Proto-Oceanic: *draʀaq

Nauruan: ara

Proto-Micronesian: *caa-

Woleaian: cha

blood (vital liquid flowing in animal bodies)


liqəʀ

Proto-Philippine: *liqəʀ
Central Luzon:
Abenlen Ayta: leey
Bolinao: liey
Greater Central Philippine:
Central Philippine:
Bikol Central: liog
Mansaka: liyug
Tagalog: leeg, liig
Visayan:
Aklanon: liog
Cebuano: liog, liug
Hiligaynon: liog
Masbatenyo: liog
Tausug: liug
Waray-Waray: liog
Danao:
Maguindanao: lig
Maranao: lig
Manobo:
Binukid: lieg
Dibabawon Manobo: lieg
Kagayanen: lieg
Western Bukidnon Manobo: lieg
Palawan:
Brooke's Point Palawano: lieg
Palawan Batak: lieg
South Mangyan:
Buhid: leog
Hanunoo: liug
Kalamian:
Agutaynen: likel
Northern Luzon:
Arta: lig
Yogad: lig
Dupaningan Agta: leg
Sangiric:
Bantik: lehe
Sangir: lehe'
South Mindanao:
Tboli: lihol
Tiruray: réˀér

North Bornean

Northeast Sabahan

Ida'an: lig

Southwest Sabahan

Dusunic

Brunei Bisaya: liaw

Central Dusun: liou

Coastal Kadazan: hiou

Dumpas: liow

Klias River Kadazan: liyow

Labuk-Kinabatangan Kadazan: liou

Sabah Bisaya: liyow

Paitanic

Tombonuo: liyow

North Sarawakan

Kelabit: ri'er

Lun Bawang: liaw

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Chamic

Acehnese: lihië

Proto-Malayic: *lihər

Brunei Malay: lihir

Malay: leher
Indonesian: leher

Urak Lawoi': ลีเฮ (lihë)

Madurese: le'er

Bali–Sasak

Sasak: lir

Celebic

Boano (Sulawesi): le'e

Pamona: le'e

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *liqə

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Bilba: li

Buru (Indonesia): lie

Helong: leo

Tetum: lian

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Halmahera–Cenderawasih

Buli (Indonesia): lio

Oceanic: *liqo, *leqo

Western Oceanic

Petats: lio

Central-Eastern Oceanic

Southeast Solomonic

Bauro: rio

Ghari: lio

Lauan: lio

Central Pacific

Rotuman: lio

Western Fijian: lio

Proto-Polynesian: *leo
Proto-Nuclear Polynesian:
Proto-Eastern Polynesian:
Marquesic:
Hawaiian: leo
Mangarevan: reo
North Marquesan: ʻeo
Rapa Nui: re'o, reo
Tahitic:
Maori: reo
Rarotongan: reo
Tahitian: reo
Tuamotuan: reo, reko
Western Polynesian:
Ellicean–Outlier:
Nukumanu: reo
Pileni: leo
Sikaiana: leo
Takuu: reo
Tuvaluan: leo
Futunic:
East Futuna: le'o
Futuna-Aniwa: reo
Mele-Fila: reo
Pukapukan: leo
Tikopia: reo
Samoic:
Samoan: leo
Tokelauan: leo
Tongic:
Niuafo'ou: leʻo
Niuean: leo
Tongan: leʻo, lea

neck (the part of body connecting the head and the trunk found in humans and some animals)


dilaq

Bornean

North Bornean

North Sarawakan

Kiput: deleiʔ

Old Javanese: dilah (“flame”), dilat (“tongue”), ilat (“tongue”), liḍah (“tongue”)
Javanese: ꦢꦶꦭꦃ (dilah, “lamp; lantern”)
→ Malay: dilah (“lamp; lantern”)
Indonesian: dilah (“lamp; lantern”)
Javanese: ꦢꦶꦭꦠ꧀ (dilat, “to lick”)
Javanese: ꦲꦶꦭꦠ꧀ (ilat, “tongue”)
→ Banjarese: ilat (“tongue”)
→ Sundanese: ilat (“tongue”)
→ Indonesian: ilat (“blade”)
Javanese: ꦭꦶꦝꦃ (lidhah, “tongue”)

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayo-Chamic

Proto-Chamic: *dilah

Acehnese: dilah, lidah (< Malayic ?)

Cham:

Eastern Cham: ꨕꨤꩍ (dalah)

Northern Cham

Tsat: la⁵⁵

Proto-Malayic: *lidah

Brunei Malay: lidah

Malay: lidah

Indonesian: lidah

Philippine

Central

Tagalog: dila

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: dila


əsa

Acehnese: sa

Balinese: sa

Chamorro: usa

Eastern Cham: tha

Philippine:

Aklanon: isaea

Cebuano: usa

Hiligaynon: isa

Ilocano: maysa

Tagalog: isa / sang-

Waray-Waray: usa

Haroi: sa

Jarai: sa

Malagasy: isa

Minangkabau: sa (sa-)

Northern Roglai: sa

Palu'e: sa

Proto-Malayic: *əsa(ʔ)
Banjarese: asa
Malay: esa
Indonesian: esa

Proto-Polynesian: *tasi

Hawaiian: kahi

Maori: tahi

Rapa Nui: tahi

Samoan: tasi

Tongan: taha

Rade: sa

Rotuman: ta

Tsat: sa³³

Western Cham: sa

From Proto-Austronesian *əsa, *isa, *asa.


maʀi

Chamorro: maila'

Fijian: mai

Hawaiian: mai

Bikol Central: mari

Indonesian: mari

Javanese: ꦩꦫꦶ (mari)

Kedah Malay: mai

Malay: mari

Maori: mai (“hither”) (possibly)

Rapa Nui: mai (“from”) (possibly)

Tahitian: haere mai

(intransitive) to come (to move from further away to nearer to)


putəʀ

Malay: putar

Indonesian: putar

(intransitive) to turn (move around an axis through itself)


qabuk

Philippine (Proto-Philippine: *qabuk, *alik-qabuk)

Tagalog: abók, alikabók

Barito

Malagasy: havoka

Malayo-Chamic

Malayic (Proto-Malayic: *habuk)

Brunei Malay: abuk

Iban: abuk

Malay: habuk

Indonesian: habuk

Old Javanese: hawuk
Javanese: ꦲꦧꦸꦏ꧀ (abuk)

From the root *-buk₁ (“decay, crumble; powder”).

sawdust (the fine particles created by sawing wood or other material)


habuk

*qabuk (alternative)
*qapuk (alternative)
*apuk (alternative)
*qabug (alternative)


matakut

Northwest Sumatra-Barrier Islands

Nias: ata'u

Proto-Oceanic: *matakut

Proto-Eastern Polynesian: *mataku

Hawaiian: makaʻu

Maori: mataku

Rapa Nui: mataku

Tahitian: mataʻu

From Proto-Austronesian *matakut. Equivalent to *ma- + *takut.


(i-)aku

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *(i-)aku (see there for further descendants)

Western Malayo-Polynesian: *(i-)aku

Barito

East Barito

Malagasy: izaho / aho

West Barito

Southwest Barito

Ngaju: yakuʔ

North Bornean

North Sarawakan

Melanau-Bintulu

Bintulu: akew

Melanau

Central Melanau: akew

Southwest Sabahan

Dusunic

Dusun

Kadazan Dusun: yoku

Proto-Philippine: *ʔakúʔ
Greater Central Philippine
Central Philippine
Tagalog: ako
Northern Philippine
Central Luzon
Kapampangan: aku
Northern Luzon
Ilocano: si-ak

Celebic

Saluan-Banggai

Banggaian

Banggai: iaku

Southeast Celebic

Proto-Bungku-Tolaki: *ku

Bungku

East Coast Bungku

Mori Bawah: aku

Southwest Bungku

Moronene: aku / iβaku

Tolaki

Interior Tolaki

Padoe: yaku / jaku

Tomadino: iaku

West Coast Tolaki

Tolaki: inaku

Muna-Buton

Wotu-Wolio

Wolio–Kamaru

Wolio: i aku

Tomini-Tolitoli

Totoli: aku / yaku

Chamorro: hu, guahu

Old Javanese: aku

Javanese: aku

Proto-Lampungic: *ɲaku

Komering: ɲaʔ

Lampung Api: ñaʔ

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayo-Chamic

Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa

Sasak-Sumbawa

Sasak: aku

Proto-Malayic: *aku
Ibanic
Iban: aku
Nuclear Malayic
Banjarese: aku
Malay: aku, daku (poetic), ak, aque, aq (text messaging, Internet slang) / اکو (aku)
Indonesian: aku, akoe (1901–1947), daku (poetic)

Rejang: uku


(i-)kamu

Banjarese: ikam (← *i-kamu)

Chamorro: hamyo

Proto-Malayic: *kamu(ʔ)
Malay: kamu, -mu
Indonesian: kamu, -mu
Musi: kamu, kamo'

Proto-Oceanic: *kamu

Proto-Micronesian: *kamʷu

Marshallese: kom̧

Uneapa: hamu

Proto-Philippine: *kamu

Cebuano: kamo

Mansaka: kamu

Tausug: kamu

From Proto-Austronesian *(i-)kamu, *kamiu.


kamiu

From Proto-Austronesian *kamiu, *(i-)kamu.


(si-)ia

Proto-Malayic: *ia
Nuclear Malayic
Malay: dia, ia
Indonesian: dia, ia
Ibanic
Iban: iya

Proto-Oceanic: *ia

Proto-Polynesian: *ia (see there for further descendants)

Uneapa: ia

Proto-Philippine: *(si-)ia

Cebuano: siya, iya

Tagalog: siya, sila

Malagasy: izy


(i-)ni

Philippine

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: ini

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Bicol

Coastal

Bikol Central: ini

Visayan

Cebuano: ini

Central

Hiligaynon: ini

Danao

Maranao: ini

Mansakan

Kalagan: ini

Sangiric

Sangir: ini

North Bornean

North Sarawakan

Apo Duat

Kelabit: inih

Kenyah

Bakung: ini

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Sasak: ini

Proto-Malayic: *(i)ni(ʔ)
Malay: ini, ni
Indonesian: ini


(i-)kahu

Proto-Philippine:

Aklanon: ikaw

Bikol Central: ika

Cebuano: ikaw

Cuyunon: ikaw

Hiligaynon: ikaw

Kapampangan: ika

Inonhan: ikaw

Ratagnon: ikaw

Tagalog: ikaw

Waray-Waray: ikaw

West Albay Bikol: ika

Chamorro: hao

Busang Kayan: ika

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Proto-Malayic:

Malay: engkau, kau, kau-, -kau

Indonesian: engkau, kau, kau-, -kau

Old Javanese: ko

Javanese: kowe

South-Sulawesi:

Makasar: kau, -ko

Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Laboya: yau

Proto-Oceanic:

Proto-Micronesian:

Marshallese: kwe

Proto-Polynesian:

Proto-Central Pacific:

Hawaiian: ʻoe

Maori: koe

Rapa Nui: koe


(si-)ida

Chamorro: siha

Proto-Malayic: *sida(ʔ)
Iban: sida


(ka-)wanan

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: kannawan

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: uanan

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: kanan

Western Indonesian

Barito

Eastern Barito

Malagasy: havanana

⇒ Old Javanese: tĕṅĕn
> Javanese: ꦠꦼꦔꦼꦤ꧀ (tengen) (inherited)
→ Balinese: ᬢᭂᬗᭂᬦ᭄ (tengen)
→ Sundanese: ᮒᮨᮍᮨᮔ᮪ (tengen)

Malayo-Chamic

Malay: kanan

Indonesian: kanan

Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba-Flores

Sumba-Hawu

Sumba

Laboya: kawana


(ka-)wiʀi

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Central Malayo-Polynesian:

Sumba–Flores:

Bima: ku'i

Mamboru: kalí

Laboya: kalí

Timor–Babar:

Bilba: ki

Termanu: ki

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Oceanic: *kawiʀi

Central-Eastern Oceanic: *kauʀi

Proto-Polynesian: *kauii

Ellicean–Outlier:

Nuguria: kaihi

Tahitic:

Cook Islands Maori:

Rakahanga-Manihiki: kāui

Rarotongan: kauī, kauvī

Tongarevan: kauī

French Polynesia:

Rapa: kaui

Tahitian: ʻaui

Tuamotuan: kāui

Western Oceanic:

Keapara: auli

Motu: kauri

Sinaugoro: kauli

Western Malayo-Polynesian:

Greater Barito:

East Barito:

Ma'anyan: kawi

Malagasy: havia

Sama-Bajaw:

Inabaknon: kawiri

Mapun: kayli, kili

Pangutaran Sama: kai

Proto-Philippine:

Batanic:

Yami: kaozi

Central Luzon:

Kapampangan: kaili

Northern Luzon:

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: kawihe

Limos Kalinga: kawigi

Minahasan:

Tonsea: kawii

Sangiric:

Bantik: kuihi

Sangil: ka'iri

Sangir: kaihi

Celebic:

Pamona: kaii

Moklenic:

Moken: ʔeloy

Moklen: kaːləi

Lampungic:

Abung: kirei

Komering: kiʁi

Lampung Api: kiri

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Bali–Sasak:

Sasak: kiri

Proto-Malayic: *(ka-)iri

Malay: kiri

Indonesian: kiri

Urak Lawoi': กีรี (kiri)

Old Javanese: kiri, keri, kiwa
Javanese: ꦏꦶꦮ (kiwa, “left”)
→ Banjarese: kiwa (“left”)
→ Sundanese: kiwa (“left”)
→ Balinese: ᬓᬶᬯ (kiwa, “left”)

Proto-South Sulawesi:

Makasar: kairi

Tae': kairi

left (the west side of the body when one is facing north)


biliŋ

Malay: beleng, biling, bileng


qalima

Proto-Philippine: *qalima

Central Luzon

Remontado Agta: alima

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Bisayan

Western Bisayan

Agutaynen: alima

Aklanon: alima

Kinaray-a: alima

Ratagnon: alima

Southern Bisayan

Butuanon: alima

Proto-Oceanic: *qalima