diŋdiŋ

Philippine

Batanic

Ivatan: jinjin

Ibatan: dyindyin

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: didíng

Cagayan Valley

Isnag: dingdíng

Itawit: zínzing

Yogad: dindíng

Meso-Cordilleran

Central Cordilleran

Ifugao

Batad Ifugao: dedeng

Tuwali Ifugao: dingding

Bontok–Kankanaey

Central Bontoc: dingdíng

Kankanaey: dingdíng

Northern Kankanay: diding

Southern Cordilleran

Pangasinan: díngding

Northeastern Luzon

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: dingdíng

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: dingdíng

Sambalic

Abenlen Ayta: lingling

Bolinao: ringring

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: dingding

Visayan

Cebuano: díngding

Aklanon: díngding

Hiligaynon: díngding

Tausug: dinding

Mansakan

Mansaka: dingding

Tagakaulu Kalagan: dingding

Danao

Maranao: dingending

Maguindanao: dalinding, lending

Manobo

Binukid: dingding

Higaonon: dingding

Dibabawon Manobo: dingding

Agusan Manobo: 'dingding

Gorontalo–Mongondow

Mongondow: dinding

South Mindanao

Tiruray: diding

Barito

Basap: dining

East Barito

Tawoyan: dining

Malagasy: rindrina

West Barito

Ngaju: dinding

North Bornean

Northeast Sabahan

Ida'an: rinding

Bonggi: dindikng

Southwest Sabahan

Dusunic

Rungus: rinding

Lotud: rinding

Murutic

Sabah Bisaya: dinding

Paluan: rinding

Burusu: dinding

Paitanic

Tombonuo: rinding

North Sarawakan

Berawan–Lower Baram

Berawan: dicing

Kenyah

Bakung: nding

Central Sarawakan

Central Melanau: didieng

Land Dayak

Benyadu': dinikng

Ribun: dinikng

Sanggau: dingin

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Karo Batak: dingding

Toba Batak: dingding

Simeulue: dinding

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Kendayan: dinikng

Iban: dinding

Malay: dinding

Indonesian: dinding

Minangkabau: dindiang

Urak Lawoi': ดีนิง (dining)

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: dingding

Sasak: dinding

South Sulawesi

Northern

Duri: rinding

Mandar: rinding

Makassaric

Makasar: rinring

Celebic

Tomini–Tolitoli

Dampelas: dinding

Kaili–Pamona

Pamona: rindi

Bungku–Tolaki: *rindiN

Wotu–Wolio

Wolio: rindi

Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Bima: ɗindi

Sumba–Flores

Komodo: riding

Manggarai: rinding

Kambera: dindingu

Timoric

Tetum: didin

Central Maluku

Asilulu: liri

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Halmahera-Cenderawasih

Sawai: rére

Oceanic: *ridring

Western Oceanic

North New Guinea

Kove: didinga

Mbula: didi

Central―Eastern Oceanic

Southeast Solomonic

Arosi: didi


ti(n)zeg

Philippine

Greater Central Philippine

Greater Central Philippine

Tagalog: tindig

Bikol

Bikol Central: tindog

Bisayan

Cebuano: tindog

Danao

Maguindanao: tindeg

Maranao: tindeg


ihiq

Central Philippine

Tagalog: ihi

Visayan

Cebuano: ihi

Tausug: ihi


huluʀ

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: ulog

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: hulog

Bikol Central: hulog

Visayan

Aklanon: hueog

Cebuano: hulog

Tausug: hulug

Danao

Maguindanao: ulug

Maranao: olog

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Iban: ulur

Malay: hulur

Bali–Sasak

Balinese: ulur

Old Javanese: ulur

Javanese: ulur


leŋa

Central Philippine

Danao

Maranao: lenga

Visayan

Cebuano: lunga


laqia

Western Indonesian

Greater North Borneo

North Borneo

Northeast Sabah

Ida'an: lejo

Southwest Sabah

Greater Dusunic

Dusunic

Central Dusun: layo

Paitanic

Tombonuo: layo

Proto-Malayic: *halia

West Bornean Malayic

Kendayan:

Central Malay:

Ibanic

Iban: lia (“ginger”)

Malayic

desctree

Malay: halia (“ginger”)
Baba Malay: alia
Indonesian: halia
→ Tok Pisin: kalia
→ Min Nan: 河蓮／河莲 (hô-liân)

Proto-Chamic:

Highlands Chamic

Jarai: rơya

Old Javanese: laja
Javanese: ꦭꦲꦺꦴꦱ꧀ (laos, “galangal”)
→ Indonesian: laos (“galangal”)

Proto-South Sulawesi:

Makassaric

Makasar: laia (“ginger”)

Proto-Philippine:

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: layá

Cagayan Valley

Isnag: layá

Central Cagayan Agta: layá

Itawit: layá

Northeastern Luzon

Dupaningan Agta: layá

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: layá

Meso-Cordilleran

Central Cordilleran

Batad Ifugao: lāya

Central Bontoc: láya

Kankanaey: layá

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: luya

Bisayan/Visayan

South Bisayan

Tausug: luya

Palawanic

Brooke's Point Palawano: luya


sunuʀ

Central Philippine

Tagalog: sunog

Visayan

Aklanon: sunog

Cebuano: sunog

Tausug: sunug


waŋka

Central Philippine

Visayan

Cebuano: bangka

Tausug: bangka


(ma-)təʀas

Central Philippine

Tagalog: matigas

Visayan

Tausug: matugas


bahaʀ

Central Philippine

Visayan

Cebuano: bahag


qutin

Central Philippine

Danao

Maranao: otin

Visayan

Cebuano: utin


lusuŋ

Philippine

Batanic

Yami: osong

Ivatan: husung

Ibatan: hosong

Northern Luzon

Cagayan Valley

Pamplona Atta: attung

Meso-Cordilleran

Central Cordilleran

Kalinga–Itneg

Limos Kalinga: lusung

Lubuagan Kalinga: lusung

Nuclear Cordilleran

Ifugao

Tuwali Ifugao: luhung

Batad Ifugao: luhung

Bontoc–Kankanaey

Central Bontoc: lusung

Kankanaey: lusóng

Southern Cordilleran

Ibaloi: desong

Northeastern Luzon

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: lesóng

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: ásung

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: lusóng

Visayan

Cebuano: lusong

Masbatenyo: lusóng

Tausug: lusung

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: lusúng

Danao

Maguindanao: lesung

Maranao: lesong

Manobo

Western Bukidnon Manobo: lesung

Dibabawon Manobo: lusung

Binukid: lusung

Higaonon: lusung

Palawanic

Central Palawano: lesung

Brooke's Point Palawano: lesung

Palawan Batak: lusung

Aborlan Tagbanwa: lusung

Central Tagbanwa: lutong

Gorontalo–Mongondow

Mongondow: lotung

Lolak: losung

Kalamian

Calamian Tagbanwa: lusung

Agutaynen: lotong

South Mindanao

Tboli: sung

Tiruray: ˀesuŋ

Sangiric

Sangir: lisung

Barito

Sama–Bajaw

Central Sama: lisungan

North Bornean

Northeast Sabahan

Bonggi: osukng

Ida'an: ssung

Southwest Sabahan

Dusunic

Central Dusun: tosung

Tobilung: tosung

Rungus: onsung

Brunei Bisaya: asung

Paitanic

Tombonuo: onsung

North Sarawakan

Berawan–Lower Baram

Narom: saung

Land Dayak

Benyadu-Bekatiʼ

Rara Bakati': rangsungan

Bidayuh

Bau Bidayuh: lisuong

Biatah Bidayuh: risong

Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh: risong

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Nias: lösu

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Iban: lesung

Malay: lesung
Indonesian: lesung

Urak Lawoi': เลอซก (lesok)

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: lesung

Sasak: lisung

Sundanese: leusung

Old Javanese: lĕsuṅ

Javanese: lesung

South Sulawesi

Bugis–Tamanic

Embaloh: lisungan

Makassaric

Makasar: assung

Northern

Mandar: essung

Tae': issong

Celebic

Tomini–Tolitoli

Totoli: losung

Boano (Sulawesi): losung

Lauje: lonsung

Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Timoric

Tetumic

Tetum: lesu

Babar

West Damar: luhnyo

Central Maluku

West Central Maluku

Buru (Indonesia): resun

East Central Maluku

Kayeli: lesune

Nunusaku

Piru Bay

Kamarian: esun

Manipa: sune

Kowiai: lusin

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Halmahera–Cenderawasih

East Makian: lusing

Buli (Indonesia): lusing

Chamorro: lusong

→ Proto-North Halmahera:

Galela: lusu

Loloda: lusungu

Tobelo: luhungu

From Proto-Austronesian *Nusuŋ.
It is assumed that PAn *Nusuŋ underwent an irregular change to PMP *lusuŋ, since all known Malayo-Polynesian reflexes point to an initial lateral.

*əsuŋ (alternative)
*li(ŋ)suŋ (alternative)
*ləsuŋ (alternative)


tuqu

Proto-Philippine: *tuqu

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Bikol

Bikol Central: tuo

Bisayan

Central Bisayan

Hiligaynon: tuo

Cebuano: tuo

Southern Bisayan

Tausug: tuu

Sundanese: katuhu (< *ka-tuqu)


tuqu

Proto-Philippine: *tuqu

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: totoo

→ Kapampangan: tutu

Bisayan

Western Bisayan

Aklanon: tuo (“to believe”)

Central Bisayan

Hiligaynon: tuo (“to believe”)

Cebuano: tuo (“to believe”)

Danao

Maranao: totoo

Manobo

desc

Western Bukidnon Manobo: tuo (“to believe”)

Barito

Malagasy: tu

Old Javanese: tuhu

Javanese: tuhu

Old Sundanese: tuhu

Sundanese: tuhu


iŋat

Central Philippine

Tagalog: ingat

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malay: ingat

South-Sulawesi

Makasar: [script needed] (ingaʔ)


tahiq

Philippine

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: tai

Sambali: tayi

Greater Central Luzon

Central Philippine

Tagalog: tahi

Bikol

Bikol Central: tahi

Iriga Bicolano: tayi

Bisayan

Western Bisayan

Aklanon: tahi

Central Visayan

Hiligaynon: tahi

Cebuano: tahi


zaqit

desctree

Proto-Philippine: *dáqit
Batanic
Ibatan: rayit
Northern Luzon
Ilocano: dáit
Meso-Cordilleran
Central Cordilleran
Bontok–Kankanay
Central Bontoc: dáit
Kankanaey: dáit
Northern Kankanay: dait
Ifugao
Batad Ifugao: da'it
Tuwali Ifugao: da-it
Southern Cordilleran
Pangasinan: dáit
Ibaloi: shait
Greater Central Philippine
Central Philippine
Tagalog: daít

Greater Barito

Sama–Bajaw

Central Sama: la'it

Yakan: la'it

West Coast Bajau: rait

West Barito

Ngaju: jahit

Bakumpai: jahit

North Bornean

North Sarawakan

Bintulu: ja'it

Central Sarawakan

Central Melanau: ja'it, jait

Daro-Matu Melanau: jait

Land Dayak

Benyadu–Bekati

Benyadu': sahit

Bekati': nyait

Bidayuh

Bau Bidayuh: ji'it

Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh: ji'it

Southern Land Dayak

Jangkang: njaik

Sanggau: njait

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Toba Batak: jait

Angkola Batak: jait

Mandailing Batak: jait

Malayo–Sumbawan

Proto-Chamic: *jahit
Coastal Chamic
Haroi: seiʔ
Cham
Eastern Cham: ꨏꨪꩀ (jhik)
Western Cham: جحيک (jhik)
Highlands Chamic
Chru–Northern Chamic
Chru: siːʔ
Northern Chamic
Northern Roglai: chiːʔ
Tsat: siʔ²⁴
Jarai–Rhade
Jarai: sĭt
Rade: jhĭt
Bih: jhĭt
→ Bahnar: chhĭt

Proto-Malayic: *jahit
Banjarese: jahit
Kendayan: jait
Ibanic
Iban: jait
Keninjal: jait
Mualang: jayet
Seberuang: jayet
Malayan
Malay: jahit
Indonesian: jahit
Brunei Malay: jait
Central Malay: jait
Minangkabau: jaik
Urak Lawoi': ยฺาเฮะ (jahëq)

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: jait, ᬚᬳᬶᬢ᭄

Sasak: jait

Sumbawa: jit

>? Javanese: jait

Proto-South Sulawesi: *jait

Bugis–Tamanic

Buginese: jai

Embaloh: dait

Makassaric

Makasar: jai'

Selayar: jai'

Coastal Konjo: jai'

Northern South Sulawesi

Mandar: raiq

Duri: jaiq

Celebic

Muna–Buton

Muna: dhai

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Komodo: dai'

Manggarai: ja'ik

Proto-Oceanic: *saqit

St. Matthias

Mussau-Emira: saiki

Western Oceanic

North New Guinea

Kap: sei

Papuan Tip

Mekeo: kaina

Central–Eastern Oceanic

Southeast Solomonic

Bugotu–Nggela

Gela: haihai

Malaita–Makira

Makira

Arosi: ta'i

Malaita

Kwaio: tai

Lau: tai

To'abaita: taia

'Are'are: taia

Central Pacific

Proto-Polynesian: *saqi

Tongic

Tongan: ha’i

Niuean: hai

Samoic

Samoan: āi


tələn

Central Philippine

Visayan

Aklanon: tueon

Cebuano: tulon

Northwest Sumatra-Barrier Islands

Toba Batak: tolon

Nias: tölö

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malay: telan

Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Tetum: tolan


(ma-)qaləsəm

Central Philippine

Danao

Maranao: malasem

Visayan

Aklanon: maaslom

Tausug: maaslum

Waray-Waray: maaslom


giliŋ

Central Philippine

Danao

Maranao: giling

Mansakan

Mansaka: giling

Visayan

Tausug: giling

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malay: giling


daŋdaŋ

Philippine

Batanic

Yami: dangdang

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: dadang

Cagayan Valley

Isnag: dangdang

Northeastern Luzon

Dupaningan Agta: dangdangan

Meso-Cordilleran

Central Cordilleran

Kankanaey: dadáng

Northern Kankanay: dangdang

Tuwali Ifugao: dangdang

Southern Cordilleran

Pangasinan: dangdang

Ibaloi: shangshang

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: dangdang, darang

Bikol Central: dangdang

Visayan

Aklanon: dangdang

Cebuano: dangdang

Tausug: dangdang

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: dangdáng

Manobo

Binukid: darang

Minahasan

Tontemboan: rarang

North Bornean

Northeast Sabahan

Ida'an: darang

Southwest Sabahan

Dusunic

Central Dusun: dadang

Labuk-Kinabatangan Kadazan: dadangon

North Sarawakan

Dayic

Kelabit: dadang

Lun Bawang: dadang

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Toba Batak: dadang

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Malay: dandang
Indonesian: dandang

Bali–Sasak

Balinese: dangdang

Sasak: dangdang

>? Old Javanese: ḍaṅ (“copper pot”), daṅ
> Javanese: ꦢꦁ (dang) (inherited)

South Sulawesi

Makasar: rarang

Celebic

Muna–Buton

Muna: dada

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Kei–Tanimbar

Yamdena: ndadan

Fordata: nraran

Oceanic

Western Oceanic

North New Guinea

Manam: rarang

Meso-Melanesian

Uneapa: raranga

Nakanai: lala

Papuan Tip

Molima: lala

Central-Eastern Oceanic

Southeast Solomonic

Bugotu–Gela

Bughotu: rarange

Malaita–Makira

Sa'a: rara

Makira

Arosi: rara

Malaita

Kwaio: lala

Lau: rara

'Are'are: rara

Southern Oceanic

Mota: rara

Avava: rar

Micronesian

Marshallese: rar

Chuukese: rar

Central Pacific

West Fijian–Rotuman

Rotuman: rara

Western Fijian: rara

East Fijian–Polynesian

Fijian: rara

Proto-Polynesian: *rara
Tongic
Tongan: ā
Nuclear Polynesian
Samoic–Outlier
Ellicean
Nuguria: rara
Nukuoro: lala
Tuvaluan: lala
Futunic
East Futuna: lala
Futuna-Aniwa: rara
Pukapukan: lala
Samoic
Tokelauan: lala
Eastern Polynesian
Marquesic
Hawaiian: lala
North Marquesan: rara
Tahitic
Tahitian: rara
Tuamotuan: rara
Rapa Nui: rara


datəŋ

Philippine

Batanic

Yami: rateng

Ivatan: rateng

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: daténg

Cagayan Valley

Isnag: datáng

Meso-Cordilleran

Central Cordilleran

Isinai: datáng

Ifugao

Tuwali Ifugao: datong

Batad Ifugao: datong

Bontoc–Kankanaey

Central Bontoc: daténg

Kankanaey: daténg

Northern Kankanay: dateng

Southern Cordilleran

Keley-I Kallahan: dateng

Northeastern Luzon

Dupaningan Agta: ditáng

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: dátang

Remontado Agta: datáng

Sambalic

Abenlen Ayta: lateng

Mag-Anchi Ayta: latêng

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: datíng

Bikol Central: datóng

Visayan

Tausug: datung

Mansakan

Mansaka: datung

Tagakaulu Kalagan: dateng

Manobo

Ata Manobo: datong

Agusan Manobo: da'tong

Western Bukidnon Manobo: dateng

Danao

Maranao: dateng

Subanen

Central Subanen: dateng

Palawanic

Central Palawano: dateng

Kalamian

>? Calamian Tagbanwa: dangat

Sangiric

Sangir: dating

North Bornean

Southwest Sabahan

Murutic

Timugon Murut: ratong

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Iban: datai

Malay: datang
Indonesian: datang

Urak Lawoi': ดาตัก (datak)

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

⇒ Balinese: datengan (“guest”)

Sasak: dateng

Old Javanese: ḍatĕṅ

Javanese: dhateng

South Sulawesi

Tae': ratu

Celebic

Kaili–Pamona

Uma: rata

Muna–Buton

Muna: rato


ʀabun

Central Philippine

Danao

Maranao: gabon

Mansakan

Mansaka: gabon

Visayan

Cebuano: gabon

Tausug: gabun


ʀatas

Central Philippine

Danao

Maranao: gatas

Mansakan

Mansaka: gatas

Tagalog: gatas

Visayan

Tausug: gatas


hasaq

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: ása

Central Luzon

Sambalic

Bolinao: asa'

Abenlen Ayta: aha

Mag-Anchi Ayta: aha

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: hasa

Visayan

Tausug: hasa'

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: ása

Palawanic

Brooke's Point Palawano: asa'

Central Palawano: asaq

Subanen

Central Subanen: asa'

Manobo

Agusan Manobo: 'hasà

Gorontalo–Mongondow

Mongondow: ata'

Kalamian

Calamian Tagbanwa: asak

South Mindanao

Tboli: éhék

Sangiric

Sangir: asa

Minahasan: *asaʔ

Tombulu: asak

Barito

Sama-Bajaw

Inabaknon: hasa'

Yakan: asa'

Inner Sulu

Central Sama: asa'

Southern Sama: asah

Borneo Coast

Mapun: asa'

West Coast Bajau: asa'

East Barito

Ma'anyan: aha

Malagasy: asa

West Barito

Ngaju: asa

North Bornean

Northeast Sabahan

Bonggi: asah

Southwest Sabahan

Dusunic

Central Dusun: asa

Rungus: asa

Kimaragang: asa

Tobilung: asa

North Sarawakan

Bintulu: asek

Dayic

Kelabit: asa

Central Sarawakan

Melanau-Kajang

Central Melanau: asak

Kanowit: asak

Punan–Müller-Schwaner

Punan

Punan Bah-Biau: mengaa'

Punan Tubu: menga'

Punan Aput: maha'

Bukitan: ngaha'

Ukit: ngasa'

Müller-Schwaner Punan

Hovongan: masa

Kereho: masa

Aoheng: masa

Kayanic

Kayan–Murik

Baram Kayan: asa

Busang Kayan: pasaʔ

Bahau: haːʔ

Punan Merap: maha

Segai–Modang

Segai: msae̯ʔ

Modang: məsae̯ʔ

Land Dayak

Benyadu–Bekati'

Benyadu': ngansa

Bekati': ngansa

Bidayuh

Bau Bidayuh: ngasa'

Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh: ngaasa'

Southern Land Dayak

Jangkang: ngonsah

Ribun: ngoso

Rejang: aseak

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Northern

Dairi Batak: asah

Karo Batak: asah

Southern

Toba Batak: asa

Simalungun Batak: asah

Simeulue: asa

Mentawai: asa

Lampungic

Lampung Api: asah

Malayo-Sumbawan

Chamic

Acehnese: asah

Coastal Chamic

Haroi: asăh

Cham

Eastern Cham: ꨔꩍ (thah)

Western Cham: اتحه (athah)

Highlands Chamic

Chru–Northern Chamic

Chru: asah

Northern Chamic

Northern Roglai: asah

Tsat: sa⁵⁵

Jarai–Rhade

Jarai: ăsah

Rade: asah

Malayic

Ibanic

Iban: ansah

Mualang: ansah

Seberuang: ansah

Banjarese: asah

Malayan

Malay: asah
Indonesian: asah

Minangkabau: osoh

Urak Lawoi': อาซะฮ (asah)

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Sasak: asaq

Sumbawa: asa

Sundanese: asah

Old Javanese: asah

Javanese: asah

South Sulawesi

Bugis–Tamanic

Buginese: asa

Embaloh: ansa

Northern

Mamuju: asa

Mandar: asa

Torajan

Toraja-Sa'dan: asa

Tae': asa

Seko: *asaː

Celebic

Saluan–Banggai

Balantak: asa'

Muna–Buton

Muna: ansa

Kaili–Pamona

Pamona: asa

Uma: aha'

Tomini–Tolitoli

Tajio: asa

Dampelas: asa

Bungku–Tolaki

Mori Bawah: moaha

Chamorro: guåsa'

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Kambera: aha

Central Maluku

East

Watubela: ahak

Paulohi: asae

Asilulu: hasa

West

Buru (Indonesia): asak

Taliabu: hasa

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Halmahera-Cenderawasih

Biak: yās

Oceanic

Western Oceanic

North New Guinea

Kairiru: yas

Manam: ara

Meso-Melanesian

Roviana: asaia

Simbo: asa

Central-Eastern Oceanic

Southeast Solomonic

Bugotu–Gela

Bughotu: a-aha

Malaita–Makira

Lau: sata

Sa'a: ata-ata

Arosi: ata

Southern Oceanic

Mota: asa

Central Pacific

Fijian: yaca


hasaŋ

Proto-Philippine:

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: asang

Cagayan Valley

Isnag: asang

Ibanagic

Itawit: asang

Gaddang-Cagayan

Gaddang: atang

Meso-Cordilleran

South-Central Cordilleran

Southern Cordilleran

West Southern Cordilleran

Pangasinan: asang

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: asang

Sambalic

Abenlen Ayta: ahang

Botolan Sambal: ahang

Mag-Anchi Ayta: ahang

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: hasang

Visayan

Aklanon: hasang

Cebuano: hasang

Tausug: hasang

Danao

Maranao: asang

Mansakan

Mansaka: asang

Gorontalo-Mongondow

Gorontalic

Kaidipang: anjango

Sangiric

North Sangiric

Sangir: asang

Minahasan

Northern Minahasan

Tontemboan: ansang

Northeast Minahasan

Tondano: ansang

Sama-Bajaw

Inabaknon: asang

North Bornean

North Sarawakan

Kenyah

Long Wat: asang

Bintulu: asang

Malayo-Chamic

Malayic

Iban: ansang

Malay: insang, asang

Sundanese: asang

Javanese: angsang

Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa

Balinese: angsang

Sasak: angsang

South Sulawesi

Makassaric

Makasar: assang

Chamorro: guasang


huʀas

Central Philippine

Visayan

Cebuano: hugas

Tausug: hugas

Malayic

Malayan

Indonesian: kuras


həyup

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: hihip

Danao

Maranao: iop

Mansakan

Mansaka: oyop

Visayan

Aklanon: huyop

Tausug: huyup


ibah

Central Philippine

Visayan

Cebuano: iban


ʀibu

Proto-Philippine: *ʀibu (see there for further descendants)

Old Javanese: iwu, ewu
Javanese: ꦲꦺꦮꦸ (èwu, “thousand”)

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Malayo-Chamic

Malay: ribu

Indonesian: ribu


qitəluʀ

Central Philippine

Mansakan

Mansaka: itlog

Visayan

Aklanon: itlog

Cebuano: itlog

Tausug: iklug

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malay: telur


ikuʀ

Proto-Philippine: *ikuʀ
Proto-Northern Luzon
Southern Cordilleran
Pangasinan: ikol
Proto-Central Luzon: *ikuy
Sambalic
Sambali: ikoy
Kapampangan: iki
Greater Central Philippine
Central Philippine
Bikol
Bikol Central: ikog
Proto-Bisayan: *ikug
Western Bisayan
Aklanon: ikog
Ratagnon: ikog
Central Bisayan
Hiligaynon: ikog
Waray-Waray: ikog
Cebuano: ikog
Southern Bisayan
Tausug: ikug
Proto-Danao: *ikug
Maranao: ikog
Maguindanao: ikug
Iranun: ikug

Greater Northern Borneo

Kayanic

Baram Kayan: ikoh

Northwest Sumatra-Barrier Islands

Proto-Batak: *ikur

Northern Batak

Karo Batak: ikur

Southern Batak

Toba Batak: ihur

Proto-Malayic: *ikur

Ibanic

Iban: iku

Malay: ekor

Indonesian: ekor

Minangkabau: ikoa

Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Timor-Babar

Tetum: iku

Proto-Oceanic: *iku


qilaw

Central Philippine

Tagalog: ilaw

Visayan

Tausug: ilaw


qituŋ

Central Philippine

Danao

Maranao: itong

Visayan

Tausug: itung

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malay: hitung


ʀabiqi

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: rabii

Ibanag: gavi

Pangasinan: labi

Central Luzon

Sambali: yabi

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: gabi

Mansakan

Mansaka: gabi

Visayan

Aklanon: gabii

Cebuano: gabii

Manobo

Western Bukidnon Manobo: gevii

Danao

Maranao: gawi'i

Gorontalo-Mongondow

Mongondow: gobi'i

Ponosakan: gowi'i

Kalamian

Agutaynen: labi

North Bornean

Northeast Sabah

Ida'an: gabpi

Bonggi: robi

Southwest Sabah

Paitanic

Tombonuo: awi

Upper Kinabatangan: awi

Central Sarawak

Central Melanau: abei

Kayanic: *ləbiʔ

Bahau: lefi'

Busang Kayan: levi'

Rejang Kayan: levi

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Bima: awina

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih: *robi

As: up

Gebe: op

Biak: rob

Munggui: robi

Oceanic

Western Oceanic

Uneapa: garavi

Keapara: lavilavi

Central-Eastern Oceanic

Southern Oceanic

Mota: rav

Central Pacific

Fijian: yakavi

Proto-Polynesian: *afiafi


kaʀaw

Central Philippine

Visayan

Tausug: kagaw


gatəl

Central Philippine

Bikol

Bikol Central: gatol

Danao

Maranao: gatel

Visayan

Cebuano: katol

Tausug: katul

Malayo-Chamic

Malay: gatal


ipəs

Philippine

Batanic

Ivatan: ipes

Ibatan: ippes

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: ípes

Northeastern Luzon

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: ípes

Dupaningan Agta: ipas

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: ípas

Sambalic

Sambali: ipoh

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: ípis

Visayan

Cebuano: ípos

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: ípos

Manobo

Western Bukidnon Manobo: ipes

Palawanic

Brooke's Point Palawano: ipes

South Mindanao

Tiruray: ˀifes

Minahasan: *ipes

Tonsawang: iwes

North Bornean

North Sarawakan

Kenyah

Wahau Kenyah: pes

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Karo Batak: ipes

Toba Batak: ipos

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic: *lipəs (<*qali-ipəs)

Malay: lipas
Indonesian: lipas

Minangkabau: lipeh

Oceanic

Admiralty Islands

Nauna: ih

Nali: yih


liaŋ

Central Philippine

Danao

Maranao: liang


lubaŋ

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Malayic:

Malay: lubang

Indonesian: lubang

desc

Proto-Philippine: *lubaŋ (“to plant root crops, plant cuttings”) (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Austronesian *lubaŋ (“burial pit”). Doublet of *luaŋ and *Ruqaŋ.


luaŋ

desc

Old Javanese: luwaṅ (“pit, hole, cavity”)

Javanese: ꦭꦸꦮꦁ (luwang, “to dig”)

desctree

Javanese: ꦭꦺꦴꦮꦺꦴꦁ (lowong, “vacant, empty”)
→ Indonesian: lowong
→ Sundanese: ᮜᮧᮝᮧᮀ (lowong)

desc

Old Javanese: roṅ (“hole, cave, cavern”)

→ Balinese: ᬭᭀᬂ (rong, “empty”)

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Malayic:

Malay: luang

Indonesian: luang

Proto-Oceanic:

Proto-Polynesian: *lua

Proto-Nuclear Polynesian:

Proto-Eastern Polynesian:

Hawaiian: lua

Pukapukan: lua

Samoan: lua

Tokelauan: lua

From Proto-Austronesian *luaŋ (“hole in the ground, wide open space”). Doublet of *lubaŋ and *Ruqaŋ.


luaŋ

Proto-Philippine: *luaŋ (see there for further descendants)


lutuq

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: luto

Ifugao

Mayoyao Ifugao: luto

Southern Cordilleran

Pangasinan: luto

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: lutu

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Bikol

Bikol Central: luto

Tagalog: luto

Visayan

Aklanon: euto

Cebuano: luto

Hiligaynon: luto

Masbatenyo: luto

Tausug: lutu

Danao

Maranao: loto'

Mansakan

Mansaka: loto


(ma-)atas

Central Philippine

Danao

Maranao: matas

Visayan

Aklanon: mataas

Cebuano: mataas

Hiligaynon: mataas

Tausug: matas


qumpan

Central Philippine

Visayan

Tausug: umpan

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malay: umpan


tuduq

Central Philippine

Visayan

Tausug: tū


(ma-)heʀet

Central Philippine

Visayan

Tausug: mahugut


həʀət

Central Philippine

Tagalog: hugot

Bikol Central: hugot

Visayan

Cebuano: hugot

Hiligaynon: hugot

Tausug: hugut

North Bornean

Southwest Sabahan

Central Dusun: ogot

North Sarawakan

Kelabit: eret

Lun Bawang: eret

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Iban: rat

Malay: erat
Indonesian: erat

Bali–Sasak

Sasak: ret

Sundanese: heureut

Old Javanese: höt, hĕt, ĕt


pukət

Philippine: *pukət

Batanic

Itbayat: poket

Northern Luzon

Northeastern Luzon

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: púkut

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine: *pukət

Tagalog: púkot

Bikol Central: púkot

Visayan: *pukət

Cebuano: púkot

Masbatenyo: púkot

Romblomanon: pūkut

Tausug: pukut

Mansaka: pokot

Manobo

Western Bukidnon Manobo: puket

Danao

Maranao: poket

Gorontalo–Mongondow

Mongondow: pukot

South Mindanao

Tboli: huket

Minahasan

Tontemboan: puket

Tonsawang: puhet

North Bornean

Northeast Sabahan

Ida'an: pukut

Southwest Sabahan

Dusunic

Central Dusun: pukot

Paitanic

Tombonuo: pukot

North Sarawakan

Berawan–Lower Baram

Kiput: pukət

Greater Barito

Sama–Bajaw

Mapun: pokot

Yakan: pokot

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Toba Batak: puhot

Gayo: puket

Simeulue: puke'

Nias: fuka

Malayo-Sumbawan: *pukət

Chamic

Acehnese: pukat

Malayic: *pukət

Iban: pukat

Banjarese: pukat

→ Manggarai: pukak

Malay: pukat
Indonesian: pukat

Urak Lawoi': ปูกัยจ (pukac)

Old Javanese: pukĕt

South Sulawesi

Makasar: puka'

Celebic

Saluan–Banggai

Balantak: puka'

Kaili–Pamona

Pamona: puka

Muna–Buton

Muna: puka

Wotu–Wolio

Wolio: puka

Bungku–Tolaki: *pukoQ

Palauan: uuked

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Flores–Lembata

Kedang: pue'

Central Maluku

Banda–Geser

Watubela: fukat

Nunusaku

Piru Bay

Asilulu: u'et

Laha (Indonesia): ueta

Manipa: ueke

Kowiai: fuat

Oceanic: *pukot

Western Oceanic

Meso-Melanesian

Bali–Vitu

Muduapa: vuho

Uneapa: vuhoto

Willaumez

Nakanai: la vuo

North New Guinea

Ngero–Vitiaz

Amara: o-puo

Kove: puo

Schouten

Manam: u

Papuan Tip

Kilivila: wota

Motu: huo

Central-Eastern Oceanic

Southeast Solomonic

Bugotu–Gela

Gela: vugo

Malaita–Makira

Sa'a: hu'o

Malaita

'Are'are: hu'o

Makira

Arosi: hu'o

Bauro: hugo

Micronesian: *wuko

Marshallese: wek

Chuukic

Chuukese: wuuk

Puluwat: wuuk

Woleaian: ug, ugo

Pohnpeic

Pohnpeian: uuk

Mokilese: uk


sinaʀ

Central Philippine

Tagalog: sinag

Visayan

Cebuano: sinag

Tausug: sinag

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malay: sinar


quləj

Proto-Philippine:

Batanic

Ivatan: uhed

Ibatan: ohed

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: uleg (“snake”)

Meso-Cordilleran

Central Cordilleran

Kalinga–Itneg

Tanudan Kalinga: ulog (“snake”)

Nuclear Cordilleran

Ifugao

Tuwali Ifugao: ulog (“snake”)

Batad Ifugao: ūlog (“snake”)

Bontok–Kankanay

Central Bontoc: óreg (“snake”)

Northern Kankanay: oweg (“snake”)

Kankanaey: ëwëg (“snake”)

Southern Cordilleran

West Southern Cordilleran

Pangasinan: olëg (“snake”)

Nuclear Southern Cordilleran

Karao: oleg (“snake”)

Keley-I Kallahan: uleg (“snake”)

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: ulad

Sambalic

Bolinao: urer

Mag-Anchi Ayta: uwêl

Abenlen Ayta: olel, owel

Proto-Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: uod

Bikol

Coastal Bikol

Bikol Central: ulod

Proto-Bisayan

Cebuano: ulod

Central Bisayan

Hiligaynon: ulod

Masbatenyo: úlod

Western Bisayan

Aklanon: ueod

Kinaray-a: ulëd

Southern Bisayan

Butuan-Tausug

Tausug: ūd

Mansakan

Mansaka: orod

Tagakaulu Kalagan: ulud

Subanen

Central Subanen: uled

Manobo

Ata Manobo: ulod (“snake”)

Obo Manobo: 'uod (“snake”)

Cotabato Manobo: uled (“snake”)

desc

Western Bukidnon Manobo: uled (“snake; insect”)

Danao

Maguindanao: uled

Maranao: oled

Palawanic

Central Palawano: uled

Brooke's Point Palawano: uled

Gorontalo–Mongondow

Mongondow: ulod

Gorontalo: wulodu

Kalamian

Calamian Tagbanwa: kulud

Agutaynen: kolod

South Mindanao

Tboli: kuled

Blaan

Koronadal Blaan: ulad (“snake”)

Sarangani Blaan: ulad (“snake”)

Sangiric

Sangir: ulide'

Minahasan

Tonsea: ude' (“snake”)

Tontemboan: uler

Greater Barito

Sama–Bajaw

Yakan: olet

Mapun: uwot

Central Sama: ulat

Southern Sama: ullat

East Barito

Paku: ulet

Dusun Witu: ulet

Ma'anyan: ulet

Malagasy: olitra

West Barito

Ngaju: uret

Bakumpai: uler

Kayanic

Bahau: ulat, ulal

Busang Kayan: ular

North Bornean

Northeast Sabahan

Ida'an: ulod

>? Bonggi: uak

North Sarawakan

Bintulu: uled

Berawan–Lower Baram

Berawan: ulan, olan

Lower Baram

Belait: ulad

Apo Duat (Dayic)

Kelabit: uled

Lun Bawang: uled, oled

Kenyah

Bakung: ulet

Eastern Penan: ulet

Central Sarawakan

Melanau–Kajang

Melanau

Central Melanau: uled

Kanowit: ulet

Kajang

Sekapan: uɮət

Lahanan: ulet

Punan–Müller-Schwaner

Punan

Punan Tubu: ulet

Punan Bah-Biau: ulɛt

Punan Aput: ulet

Bukitan: ulɛt

Bukat: ulət

Ukit: ulət

Müller-Schwaner Punan

Hovongan: uot

Kereho: uot

Aoheng: uot

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Toba Batak: ulok (“snake”)

Simalungun Batak: ulog (“snake”)

Angkola Batak: ulog (“snake”)

Mandailing Batak: ulog (“snake”)

Malayo-Sumbawan

desctree

Proto-Chamic: *hulat
Acehnese: ulat
Coastal Chamic
Eastern Cham: halak / ꨨꨤꩀ
Western Cham: hlăk / حلاک
Highlands Chamic
Chru–Northern Chamic
Chru: həlaʔ
Northern Roglai: hulaʔ
Jarai–Rhade
Jarai: hlăt, hluăt
Rade: hluăt
Bih: ulăt, uluăt

Proto-Malayic: *hulət
Banjarese: hulat
Kendayan: uat, oat
Ibanic
Iban: ulat
Keninjal: ulat
Mualang: ulat
Seberuang: ulat
Nuclear Malayic
Malay: ulat
Indonesian: ulat
Central Malay: ulat
Minangkabau: ulek
Pattani Malay: อูละ (ulaʔ)
Urak Lawoi': ฮูลัยจ (hulac)

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: uled

Sasak: ulet

Old Javanese: ulĕr

Javanese: ꦲꦸꦭꦼꦂ (uler, “caterpillar”)

South Sulawesi

Northern South Sulawesi

Mandar: ulliq

Massenrempulu

Duri: ulliq

Toraja

Tae': ulli'

Makassaric

Makasar: olo'

Selayar: olo'

Coastal Konjo: olo'

Celebic

Tomini–Tolitoli

Lauje: ule

Tajio: ule

Saluan–Banggai

Balantak: ule

Banggai: uloy

Kaili–Pamona

Uma: ule

Muna–Buton

Muna: ghule

Tukang Besi South: ulo

Wotu–Wolio

Wolio: ulo

Chamorro: ulo'

Palauan: chuis

Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Ngadha: ulé

Flores–Lembata

Sika: 'ule

Lamaholot: uler-uler

Kei–Tanimbar

Yamdena: ule

Fordata: ular

Timoric

Tetum: ular

Wetar–Galoli

>? Tugun: nulan

Luangic–Kisaric

Kisar: orre

Central Maluku

Buru (Indonesia): ule

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Halmahera–Cenderawasih

Biak: uro

Proto-Oceanic: *quloc

Admiralty Islands

Southeast

Lou: kul

Manus

Titan: ul

Loniu: un

Western Oceanic

Meso-Melanesian

Northwest Solomonic

Cheke Holo: ulho

Roviana: uloso

Central–Eastern Oceanic

Southeast Solomonic

Bugotu–Nggela

Bughotu: ulo

Malaita–Makira

Arosi: uro

Southern Oceanic

Mota: ulo

Southeast Ambrym: ui

Micronesian

Puluwat: wuul

Woleaian: iul

Central Pacific

Fijian: ulo

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *quləj (“a type of small worm”).

inh+

maggot, caterpillar, larva of a metamorphosing insect


ñamñam

Central Philippine

Mansakan

Mansaka: nanam

Visayan

Tausug: nanam


saŋa

Central Philippine

Danao

Maranao: sanga

Mansakan

Mansaka: sanga

Visayan

Aklanon: sanga

Cebuano: sanga

Tausug: sanga


tabaŋ

Central Philippine

Danao

Maranao: tabang

Mansakan

Mansaka: tabang

Visayan

Cebuano: tabang

Tausug: tabang


tuluŋ

Proto-Philippine:

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: tulong

Cordilleran

Meso-Cordilleran

Southern Cordilleran

West Southern Cordilleran

Pangasinan: tolong

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: tulong

Proto-Bisayan

Southern Bisayan

Butuan-Tausug

Tausug: tulung

Malayo-Chamic

Malayic

Malayan

Malay: tolong

Indonesian: tolong


damaʀ

Philippine

Binukid: lam-ag

Tiruray: damar

Maranao: ramag

Barito

Malagasy: ramy

Northwest Sumatra-Barrier Islands

Toba Batak: damar

Karo Batak: damar

Malayic

Iban: damar

desctree

Malay: damar
Indonesian: damar
→ Dutch: dammer
→ English: dammer, dammar, damar

Urak Lawoi': ดามัล (damal)

Old Javanese: damar
Javanese: ꦢꦩꦂ (damar)

South Sulawesi

Duri: damah

Celebic

Tajio: damag

Oceanic

Micronesian: *rama

Chuukese: sa-ram

Puluwat: ha-ŕam

Central Pacific

Rotuman: rama

Fijian: rarama, ramarama

Proto-Polynesian: *rama
Tongic: *ama
Niuean: ama
Tongan: ama
→? Niuatoputapu: ama
Proto-Nuclear Polynesian: *lama
Samoic–Outlier
Ellicean
Kapingamarangi: lama
Nukuoro: rama
Pileni: lama
Takuu: lama, rama
Tuvaluan: lama
Futunic
Anuta: rama
East Futuna: lama
Pukapukan: lama
Tikopia: lama
Futuna–Aniwa
Aniwa: lama
West Futuna: rama
Samoic
Samoan: lama
Tokelauan: lama
Proto-Nuclear Polynesian: *rama
Marquesic
Hawaiian: lama
Mangarevan: rama
North Marquesan: ʻama
South Marquesan: ʻama
Tahitic
Maori: rama
Rakahanga-Manihiki: rama
Rarotongan: rama
Tahitian: rama
Tuamotuan: rama
Rapa Nui: rama


saləŋ

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: sáleng

→ Cebuano: saleng

Cagayan Valley

Ibanag: saleng

Isnag: tálang

Northeastern Luzon

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: saléng

Dupaningan Agta: salang

Meso-Cordilleran

Central Cordilleran

Ifugao

Batad Ifugao: hālong

Tuwali Ifugao: halong

Bontok-Kankanaey

Bontok

Central Bontoc: sáleng

Kankanaey

Kankanaey: sáleng

Northern Kankanay: saeng

Southern Cordilleran

Ibaloi: saleng

Keley-I Kallahan: haleng

Central Luzon

Sambalic

Bolinao: saleng

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: sáhing

Bikol Central: sálong

Mansaka: sarung

Visayan

Aklanon: sáeong

Cebuano: sálong

Masbatenyo: sálong

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: sálung

Manobo

Ata Manobo: salong

Palawanic

Brooke's Point Palawano: saleng

Gorontalo-Mongondow

Mongondow: taḷong

North Bornean

Northeast Sabah

Bonggi: salakng

Southwest Sabah

Dusunic

Coastal Kadazan: hasong

Rungus: salong

Tobilung: salong

Paitanic

Tombonuo: salong

Murutic

Timugon Murut: salong

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Brunei Malay: salang


laŋu

Philippine

Tagalog: lango

Northwest Sumatra-Barrier Islands

Nias: langu

Malayic

Malay: langu


daʀa

Proto-Philippine: *daʀa, *dadaʀa

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: dalaga

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: dalaga

Bikol

Bikol Central: daraga

Southern Catanduanes Bicolano: daraga

Visayan

Cebu

Cebuano: dalaga

Central

Waray-Waray: daraga

Romblomanon: dalāga, darāga

Masbatenyo: darága

Hiligaynon: dalaga

West

Aklanon: daeaga, deaga

South

Tausug: dāga

Subanen

Central Subanen: delaga

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: darága

Manobo

Western Bukidnon Manobo: raǥa

Palawanic

Central Tagbanwa: dalaha

Danao

Maranao: raga, daraga

Maguindanao: laga, kalaga

Gorontalo–Mongondow

Mongondow: deaga

Kalamian

Agutaynen: dalang-dalang, dadalang-dalang

Minahasan

Tombulu: dara'ha, rara'ha

Northwest Sumatra-Barrier Islands

Dairi Batak: jarah-jarah

Moklenic

Moken: dala

Malayo-Sumbawan

Chamic

Acehnese: dara

Coastal Chamic

Haroi: cərɨa

Cham

Eastern Cham: ꨕꨣꨩ (dara)

Western Cham: dra

Highlands Chamic

Chru–Northern Chamic

Chru: dra

Northern Chamic

Tsat: sia²¹

Northern Roglai: dara

Jarai–Rade

Jarai: dra

Rade: êra

Malayic

Ibanic

Iban: dara

Remun: dara

Malayan

Malay: dara
Indonesian: dara

Minangkabau: daro

Urak Lawoi': ราดารา (radara)

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: daha

Sasak: dara

Sumbawa: dadara

Sundanese: dadara

Old Javanese: rara, rarā

Javanese: rara

South Sulawesi: *dara

Bugis-Tamanic

Buginese: dara, lunrara

Makassaric

Makasar: rara

Northern

Mamuju: dara, daha

Toraja

Tae': dara

Toraja-Sa'dan: lundara

Celebic

Kaili–Pamona

Pamona: lundara

Ledo Kaili: randara

Wotu–Wolio

Wotu: ranrá

Tomini–Tolitoli

Tolitoli

Totoli: dolago

Boano (Sulawesi): doago

Tomini

Northern Tomini

Lauje: (u)ŋa-laga

Southern Tomini

Pendau: rendaa

Dampelas: handaa

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Timoric

Kisar: rare

Leti: rara

Luang: rara

Aru: *raR

Chamorro: håga


za(ŋ)kit

Proto-Malayic: *zaŋkit

Malay: jangkit
Indonesian: jangkit
North Moluccan Malay: jangke


(ma-)(h)emis

Iban: manis

Malay: manis
Indonesian: manis


əbuk

Balinese: ebuk

Ngadha: evu

From the root *-buk₁ (“crumble, powder; decay”)


baʀah

Philippine

Batanic

>? Yami: vala

Ivatan: vaya

Ibatan: baya

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: bára

Meso-Cordilleran

Central Cordilleran

Tuwali Ifugao: bala

Batad Ifugao: bāla

Southern Cordilleran

Karao: bala

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: báya

Sambalic

Sambali: baya

Bolinao: baya

Mag-Anchi Ayta: baya

Abenlen Ayta: bayah

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: bága

Bikol Central: bága

Mansakan

Mansaka: baga

Tagakaulu Kalagan: baga

Visayan

Asi

Asi: bága

Cebu

Cebuano: bága

Central

Waray-Waray: bága

Romblomanon: bāga

Masbatenyo: bága

Hiligaynon: bága

West

Aklanon: baga

South

Tausug: baga

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: bága

Palawanic

Central Tagbanwa: ᝪᝣ (baha)

Tagbanwa: baga

Brooke's Point Palawano: baga

Subanen

Central Subanen: baga

Manobo

Agusan Manobo: 'baga

Ata Manobo: baga

Dibabawon Manobo: baga

Western Bukidnon Manobo: baǥa

Danao

Maranao: baga, waga

Maguindanao: waga

Gorontalo–Mongondow

Gorontalo: bohu

Kaidipang: bogo

Mongondow: baga

Ponosakan: baha

Kalamian

Agutaynen: bala

Calamian Tagbanwa: bala

South Mindanao

Tiruray: bara

Tboli: bala

Greater Barito

Sama–Bajaw

Southern Sama: ba

Mapun: bā

>? Yakan: bale

East Barito

Ma'anyan: waye

Malagasy: vay

West Barito

Ngaju: bahe

North Bornean

Northeast Sabahan

Ida'an: bba'

Bonggi: baar

Southwest Sabahan

Murutic

Abai: baa

Burusu: baa

North Sarawakan

Bintulu: va

Berawan–Lower Baram

Narom: baréh

Dayic

Kelabit: bareh

Central Sarawakan

Punan–Müller-Schwaner

Punan

Bukitan: abaʔ

Punan Aput: bahaʔ

Punan Tubu: baʔ

Müller-Schwaner Punan

Hovongan: baha

Aoheng: bara

Kayanic

Kayan–Murik

Baram Kayan: bahaʔ

Wahau Kayan: wəhaʔ

Segai–Modang

Segai: uhaʔ

Modang: wəhaʔ

Land Dayak

Benyadu-Bekati

Bekati': buhu

Bidayuh

Bau Bidayuh: booh

Southern Land Dayak

Ribun: baho

Sanggau: baɣaː

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Dairi Batak: bara

Toba Batak: bara

Simeulue: fala

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Ibanic

Iban: bara

Mualang: baɣaʔ

Seberuang: baɣaʔ

Nuclear Malayic

Malay: bara

Indonesian: bara

Minangkabau: baro

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: baha

Sasak: barak

Sumbawa: barak

Sundanese: bara

Old Javanese: wā, wa

Javanese: mawa

South Sulawesi

Buginese: wara

Makasar: bara

Celebic

Saluan–Banggai

Taliabu: farañ

Kaili–Pamona

Pamona: waa, wea

Wotu–Wolio

Wolio: weo

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Manggarai: wara

Rembong: wara

Kambera: wàla

Flores–Lembata

Sika: bara

Lamaholot: wa'ã

Selaru

Selaru: hara

Kei–Tanimbar

Kei: waran

Yamdena: bare, baran

Central Maluku

Asilulu: hala

Palauan: bas


baləj

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Proto-Batak: *baləg
Simalungun Batak: balog
Karo Batak: baləŋ
Toba Batak: balok

Old Javanese: walĕr


bukuh

Philippine

Batanic

Ibatan: voko

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: buko

Cagayan Valley

Isnag: boko

Itawit: huku

Meso-Cordilleran

Central Bontoc: bukú

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: bukú

Sambalic

Abenlen Ayta: bokoh

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: bukó

Bikol Central: bukó

Mansaka: boko

Visayan

Cebuano: bukó

Aklanon: bukó

Hiligaynon: bukó

Danao

Maranao: boko

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: búku

Manobo

Binukid: buku

Western Bukidnon Manobo: buku

Gorontalo–Mongondow

Mongondow: buku

Gorontalo: hu'u

Sangiric

Sangir: buku

Minahasan

Tontemboan: wuku

Greater Barito

Sama–Bajaw

Southern Sama: buku

Yakan: buku

Mapun: buku

East Barito

Ma'anyan: wuku

Malagasy: voho

West Barito

Ngaju: buko

North Bornean

Northeast Sabah

Bonggi: buhu

Ida'an: buku

Southwest Sabah

Dusunic

Central Dusun: wuku

Coastal Kadazan: vuku

Rungus: vuku

North Sarawak

Bintulu: bukou

Berawan: bukkoh

Dayic

Kelabit: bukuh

Lun Bawang: bukuh

Kenyah

Bakung: buku

Eastern Penan: bukun

Central Sarawak

Central Melanau: bukou

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Dairi Batak: buku

Karo Batak: buku

Toba Batak: buhu

Nias: bu'u

Simeulue: bu'u

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Iban: buku

Malay: buku
Indonesian: buku

Urak Lawoi': บูกู (buku)

Bali–Sasak

Balinese: buku

Sasak: buku

Sundanese: buku

Old Javanese: wuku
> Javanese: ꦮꦸꦏꦸ (wuku) (inherited)
→ Indonesian: wuku
→ Balinese: ᬯᬸᬓᬸ (wuku)
→ Indonesian: wuku

South Sulawesi

Buginese: buku

Makasar: buku

Northern

Mandar: buku

Duri: buku

Tae': buku

Celebic

Saluan–Banggai

Banggai: buku

Balantak: wuku, buku

Muna–Buton

Muna: buku

Kaili–Pamona

Pamona: wuku

Uma: wuku

Tomini–Tolitoli

Tajio: vu'u

Wotu–Wolio

Wolio: buku

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Ngadha: buku

Timoric

Bilba: buku

Tetum: fukun

Leti: wuku

Central Maluku

West

Sula: foku

Taliabu: fukuñ

East

Asilulu: huku

Proto-Oceanic: *buku

Admiralty Islands

Yapese: leebug

Western Oceanic

North New Guinea

Schouten

Manam: buku

Ngero–Vitiaz

Gedaged: bukun

Mbula: mbuku

Meso-Melanesian

Kimbe

Nakanai: bubuku

New Ireland–Northwest Solomonic

St. George

Tolai: buk

Northwest Solomonic

Roviana: puku

Simbo: puku

Central-Eastern Oceanic

Southeast Solomonic

Bughotu: puku

Gela: puku

Micronesian

Gilbertese: buki

Kosraean: pukun

Southern Oceanic

Mota: pugiu

Central Pacific

Fijian: buku

Proto-Polynesian: *puku


simpaŋ

sidepath; branch or fork in path or stream


simpaŋ

North Bornean

Paitanic

Tombonuo: simpang

Barito

Ngaju: simpang

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Karo Batak: simpang

Toba Batak: sirpang

Gayo: simpang

Rejang: sipang

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Malay: simpang
Indonesian: simpang

Minangkabau: simpang

Bali–Sasak

Balinese: simpang

Sasak: simpang

Sundanese: simpang

Old Javanese: simpaṅ

Javanese: simpang

Celebic

Muna–Buton

Muna: simpa

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Flores–Lembata

Sika: simpang

Oceanic

Southern Oceanic

Mota: sipa

Central Pacific

Western Fijian: ciba

Proto-Polynesian: *sipa


biʀu

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Karo Batak: biru-biru

Toba Batak: biru

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Iban: biru

Malay: biru-biru

Indonesian: biru

Old Javanese: wiru

Javanese: wiru

South Sulawesi

Makasar: biru

Celebic

Kaili–Pamona

Pamona: wiu

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Ngadha: biru

Oceanic

Western Oceanic

North New Guinea

Kove: pilu

Meso-Melanesian

Nakanai: vilu-vilu

Cheke Holo: biru

Central-Eastern Oceanic

Southeast Solomonic

Bugotu–Gela

Gela: vilu

Malaita–Makira

Sa'a: hilu

Makira

Arosi: hiru

Malaita

Kwaio: filu

Lau: filu

'Are'are: hilu

Central Pacific

Fijian: viu

Proto-Polynesian: *piu


qanahaw

Philippine

Batanic

Ibatan: anahaw

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: anáaw

Cagayan Valley

Itawit: anáw

Northeastern Luzon

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: anáw

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: anaw

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: anáhaw

Bikol Central: anáhaw

Visayan

Cebuano: anáhaw

Aklanon: anáhaw

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: 'anaháw

Subanen

Central Subanen: anahaw

Barito

West Barito

Ngaju: hanau

North Bornean

North Sarawak

Kenyah

Bakung: anaw

Eastern Penan: anau

Kayanic

Baram Kayan: anaw

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Iban: anau

Banjarese: hanau

Malay: enau
Indonesian: enau

Old Javanese: hano

South Sulawesi

Buginese: anaw

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Halmahera-Cenderawasih

Ma'ya: ꞌna³


laʀaŋ

Malay: larang
Indonesian: larang
→ Malagasy: rarana
→ Old Javanese: laraṅ
Javanese: larang


qaʀuas

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: aguás

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: agwas

Central Luzon

Tagalog: agwás

Chamorro: åguas

Oceanic

Admiralty Islands

Seimat: au

Central-Eastern Oceanic

Southern Oceanic

Dumbea: kava

Micronesian

Gilbertese: aua

Woleaian: yaiuw

Proto-Polynesian: *qaua
Tongic
Tongan: ’aua
Nuclear Polynesian
Samoic–Outlier
Pukapukan: aua
Samoan: aua
Tokelauan: aua
Eastern Polynesian
Maori: aua


bəlaj

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: bilag

Cagayan Valley

Isnag: bilāg

Itawit: mabbilag

Northeastern Luzon

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: bilag, beklad

Meso-Cordilleran

Central Cordilleran

Ifugao

Batad Ifugao: bolad

Mayoyao Ifugao: bilag

Bontoc–Kankanaey

Central Bontoc: bilag

Kankanaey: bilag

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: bilad

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: bilad

Bikol

Bikol Central: balad

Mansakan

Mansaka: burád

Visayan

Aklanon: buead, bukead

Cebuano: bulad, bilad, buklad

Hiligaynon: bulad, bilad

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: bulád

Manobo

Binukid: belad

Gorontalo–Mongondow

Mongondow: bolad

Kalamian

Calamian Tagbanwa: beklad

Sangiric: *bilat

Minahasan

Tontemboan: welar

Barito

East Barito

Malagasy: velatra

North Bornean

North Sarawakan

Dayic

Kelabit: belad

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Proto-Batak: *bəlag (“wide”)
Northern
Dairi Batak: belang
Karo Batak: belang
Southern
Simalungun Batak: bolag
Toba Batak: bolak

Old Javanese: wĕlar

South Sulawesi

Northern

Mandar: ballar

Toraja

Tae': balla'

Celebic

Bungku–Tolaki

Kulisusu: wole

Chamorro: pula'

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Bima: vira

Sumba–Flores

Kambera: wàlaru

Kei–Tanimbar

Yamdena: belar

Fordata: velar

Timoric

Tetum: belar

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Halmahera–Cenderawasih

Cenderawasih Bay

Biak: bor

Oceanic

Western Oceanic

Meso-Melanesian

Roviana: bilasa

Central-Eastern Oceanic

Southeast Solomonic

Gela: vora

Sa'a: hola

Lau: fola

Central Pacific

Rotuman: hola

Proto-Polynesian: *fola
Tongic
Niuean: fola
Tongan: fola
Nuclear Polynesian
Samoic–Outlier
Ellicean
Tuvaluan: fola
Tikopia: fora
Sikaiana: hola
Futunic
East Futuna: fola
Anuta: porapora
Pukapukan: wolawola
Samoic
Samoan: fola
Tokelauan: fola
Eastern Polynesian
Marquesic
Hawaiian: hola
North Marquesan: hohoʻa
Tahitic
Maori: hora
Tahitian: hohora
Rarotongan: ‘ora
Rapa Nui: hohora

*bilaj (alternative)
*bəkəlaj (alternative)


qabin

Philippine

Maranao: aben, abin

North Bornean

North Sarawakan

Bakung: bin

Central Sarawakan

Central Melanau: bin

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Northern Batak

Alas-Kluet Batak: abin

Karo Batak: abin

Southern Batak

Toba Batak: abing

Rejang: ambin

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Malay: ambin
Indonesian: ambin

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: abin

Old Javanese: hawin, awin

Celebic

Saluan–Banggai

Banggai: abin

Muna–Buton

Muna: ghawi

Kaili–Pamona

Uma: awi

Palauan: chelabl

Proto-Oceanic: *qapin

Southeast Solomonic

Bughotu: avini

Gela: avi

Sa'a: äpi

Central Pacific

Proto-Polynesian: *qafi


təʀab

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: tig-ab

Meso-Cordilleran

Central Cordilleran

Central Bontoc: teg-éb

Kankanaey: teg-áb

Southern Cordilleran

Karao: teg-ab

Northeastern Luzon

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: téhëb

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: tigab

Bikol Central: tigab, tigob, tigháb

Visayan

Cebuano: tig-ab

Hiligaynon: tig-ab

Manobo

Western Bukidnon Manobo: tiɣ'ab

Danao

Maranao: terab

South Mindanao

Tboli: teyób

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Karo Batak: terap

Malayo-Sumbawan

Sundanese: teurab

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Sasak: kenterap

Madurese: derrâp

Old Javanese: twab

Javanese: atob, antob

South Sulawesi

Bugis–Tamanic

Embaloh: tantarap

Makassaric

Makasar: tera'

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Western Flores

Manggarai: terap

Kei–Tanimbar

Yamdena: terak

Chamorro: tugap


tiŋah

Philippine

Batanic

Ivatan: tinya

Ibatan: tinya

Northern Luzon

Northwestern Luzon

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: tinga

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: tinga

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: tingá

Bikol Central: tinga

Mansaka: tinga

Visayan

Cebuano: tinga

Aklanon: tinga

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: tingá

Manobo

Western Bukidnon Manobo: tinga

Minahasan: *tiŋa

North Bornean

Northeast Sabahan

Ida'an: tingo

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Iban: tinga

Celebic

Kaili–Pamona

Pamona: tinga


hilah

Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: hila

Bikol Central: hila

Visayan

Cebuano: hila

Aklanon: hilah

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Malay: hela
Indonesian: hela
→ Ternate: hela


ulaŋ

Barito

West Barito

Ngaju: ulang

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Iban: ulang

Malay: ulang
Indonesian: ulang
→ Kambera: ulangu


ŋilu

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Dupaningan Agta: ngilo

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: ngiló

Bikol Central: ngilo

Visayan

Cebuano: ngiló

Aklanon: ngilóh

Masbatenyo: ngiló

Waray-Waray: ngilo

Tausug: ngilu

Manobo

Binukid: ngilo

Danao

Maranao: ngilo

Minahasan

Tontemboan: ngilu

North Bornean

North Sarawakan

Berawan–Lower Baram

Kiput: ŋilaw

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Karo Batak: ngilu

Toba Batak: ngilu

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Malay: ngilu
Indonesian: ngilu

Balinese: ngilu

South Sulawesi

Buginese: ngilu

Mandar: mangilu

Celebic

Kaili–Pamona

Pamona: kangilu

Bungku–Tolaki

Tolaki: mongilu

Kulisusu: mongilu

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Komodo: ngilu

Timoric

Bilba: ninilu

painful sensation in teeth, as from eating something sour


niʀu

Philippine

Central Philippine

Bikol

Bikol Central: nígo

Visayan

Cebuano: nígo

Masbatenyo: nígo

Waray-Waray: nígo

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: nígu

Manobo

Western Bukidnon Manobo: niɣu

Danao

Maranao: nigo

North Bornean

North Sarawakan

Dayic

Kelabit: rinuh

Lun Bawang: rinuh

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Malay: nyiru, niru
Indonesian: nyiru


uʀsa

Philippine

Batanic

Ivatan: agsa

Ibatan: ogsa

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: ugsá

Cagayan Valley

Isnag: ugtá

Gaddang: utta

Ibanagic

Itawit: uttá

Yogad: utta

Meso-Cordilleran

Kalinga

Limos Kalinga: ugsa

Lubuagan Kalinga: ugsa

Nuclear Cordilleran

Ifugao

Batad Ifugao: ulha

Mayoyao Ifugao: ulhá

Bontoc–Kankanaey

Bontoc

Central Bontoc: ʔugsá

Eastern Bontoc: ogsa

Kankanaey

Kankanaey: ugsá

Northern Kankanay: ogsa

Northeastern Luzon

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: ógsa

Dupaningan Agta: ogsa

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: usá

Sambalic

Bolinao: uysa

Abenlen Ayta: uyha

Mag-Anchi Ayta: oyha

Botolan Sambal: oyha

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: usá

Bikol Central: usá

Visayan

Cebuano: usá

Aklanon: usáh

Hiligaynon: usa

Masbatenyo: usá

Tausug: usa

Manobo

Agusan Manobo: u'sa

Ata Manobo: usa

Kagayanen: usa

Subanen

Central Subanen: gusa

Palawanic

Brooke's Point Palawano: usa

Central Tagbanwa: usa

Kalamian

Agutaynen: osa

Barito

Sama–Bajaw

Mapun: usa

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Toba Batak: ursa

Angkola Batak: hursa

Malayo-Sumbawan

Proto-Malayic: *rusa(ʔ)
Ibanic
Iban: rusaʔ
Keninjal: ɣusaʔ
Mualang: rusaʔ
Seberuang: ɣusaʔ
Nuclear Malayic
Malay: rusa
Indonesian: rusa
→ English: Rusa
Central Malay: ghuso
Minangkabau: ruso
Pattani Malay: รฺูซอ (ṛusɔ)
Urak Lawoi': รูซา (rusa)

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Timoric

Tetum: rusa


puət

Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: puwit

Danao

Maranao: poit

North Bornean

North Sarawakan

Kelabit: puet

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic: *puət (“female genital”)

Banjarese: puut

Malay: amput (with prothesis)

Indonesian: amput


dəpah

Philippine

Batanic

Yami: dpa

Ivatan: adpa

Ibatan: adpa

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: déppa

Cagayan Valley

Isnag: dappa

Meso-Cordilleran

Central Cordilleran

Ifugao

Batad Ifugao: dopa

Tuwali Ifugao: dopa

Bontoc–Kankanaey

Central Bontoc: depa

Kankanaey: depá

Northern Kankanay: depa

Southern Cordilleran

Keley-I Kallahan: depa

Northeastern Luzon

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: déppa

Central Luzon

Sambalic

Abenlen Ayta: depah

Mag-Anchi Ayta: dêpa

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: dipá

Bikol Central: dupá

Visayan

Asi

Asi: rupa

Cebu

Cebuano: dupá

West

Aklanon: dupá

Central

Hiligaynon: dupá

Masbatenyo: dupá

Romblomanon: dupa

Waray-Waray: dupá

South

Tausug: dupa

Mansakan

Mansaka: dupa

Tagakaulu Kalagan: depa

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: dupá

Danao

Maranao: repa

Maguindanao: lepa

Manobo

North

Binukid: depa

Higaonon: dupa

Central

Agusan Manobo: 'dopa

Ata Manobo: dopa

Obo Manobo: leppa'

Western Bukidnon Manobo: repa

Subanen

Central Subanen: depa

Palawanic

Brooke's Point Palawano: depa

Aborlan Tagbanwa: depa

Central Tagbanwa: dɨpa

Kalamian

Agutaynen: depa

Calamian Tagbanwa: dëpa

South Mindanao

Tboli: difu

Tiruray: rifo

Barito

Sama–Bajaw

Inabaknon: dappa

Yakan: deppe

Inner Sulu

Central Sama: deppa

Southern Sama: dappa

Borneo Coast

Mapun: dappa

West Coast Bajau: depo

East Barito

Malagasy: refy

North Bornean

Northeast Sabahan

Bonggi: depa

Ida'an: reppo

Southwest Sabahan

Dusunic

Rungus: dopo

Tobilung: ropo

Paitanic

Tombonuo: ropo

North Sarawakan

Dayic

Kelabit: depeh

Lun Bawang: defeh

Kenyah

Bakung: depa

Eastern Penan: depah

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Karo Batak: depa

Toba Batak: dopa

Gayo: depa

Nias: döfa

Simeulue: repa

Malayo-Sumbawan

Chamic

Acehnese: deupa

Eastern Cham: ꨓꨚꨩ (tapa)

Rade: êpa

Malayic

Iban: depa

Malay: depa
Indonesian: depa

Urak Lawoi': เดอปา (depa)

Sundanese: deupa

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: depa

Sasak: depa

Old Javanese: ḍĕpa

Javanese: dhepa

South Sulawesi

Bugis–Tamanic

Buginese: reppa

Makassaric

Makasar: rappa

Northern

Massenrempulu

Duri: daqpa

Toraja

Tae': da'pa

Celebic

Saluan–Banggai

Balantak: dapa

Kaili–Pamona

Uma: dopo

Wotu–Wolio

Wolio: ndapa

Tomini–Tolitoli

Tajio: lapa

Muna–Buton

Muna: rofa

Bungku–Tolaki: *ropa

Kulisusu: ropa

Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Sumba–Hawu

Kambera: ràpa

Western Flores

Manggarai: depa

Rembong: depa

Ngadha: depa

Kei–Tanimbar

Kei: ref

Fordata: refa

Yamdena: defe

Selaru

Selaru: re

Aru

Dobel: re

Timoric

Luangic

Leti: rea

Tetumic

Tetum: roha

Central Maluku

West Central Maluku

Buru (Indonesia): repa

East Central Maluku

Nunusaku

Piru Bay

Asilulu: lea

Boano (Maluku): lea

Kamarian: rea

Kowiai: ref

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Halmahera–Cenderawasih

Halmahera Sea

East Makian: lof

Buli (Indonesia): lof

Sawai: lof

Cenderawasih Bay

Biak: rof

Oceanic: *ropa

Western Oceanic

Meso-Melanesian

Nakanai: lova

Papuan Tip

Dobu: roa

Motu: roha

Central-Eastern Oceanic

Southern Oceanic

Mota: rova

Central Pacific

Polynesian: *rofa

Tongic

Tongan: ofa

Niuean: ofa

Niuatoputapu: ofa

Nuclear Polynesian

Ellicean–Futunic

Pileni: lofa

East Futuna: lofa

Tikopia: rofa

Eastern Polynesian

Tahitic

Maori: roha


tiŋadaq

Philippine

Central Luzon

Northern Mindoro

Iraya: tingara'

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: tingala

Bikol Central: tingara

Danao

Maranao: tingara'

Palawanic

Southwest Palawano: tingara

Kalamian

Agutaynen: singara

Sangiric: *tiŋada

North Bornean

Southwest Sabahan

Murutic

Timugon Murut: tingaa'

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Banjarese: tingadah

Malay: tengadah
Indonesian: tengadah

South Sulawesi: *tiŋa(dr)a

Palauan: dengarech


tubiʀ

Proto-Phillipine

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Bikol Central: túbig

Tagalog: túbig

Visayan

Tausug: tubig

Gorontalo-Mongondow

Mongondowic

Mongondow: tubig

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan

Proto-Malayo-Chamic

Proto-Malayic

Malayan

Malay: tubir


tubuʀ

Proto-Phillipine

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: tubóg (“a pool of water”)

Celebic

Wotu-Wolio

Wolio-Kamaru

Wolio: tumbu (“well up, spout out”)

Proto-Oceanic: *tupuʀ

Central-Eastern Oceanic

Central Oceanic

East Fijian-Polynesian

Fijian: tuvu

Proto-Polynesian

Western Polynesian

Futunic

Rennellese: tufu

Samoic

Samoan: tufu

Tongic

Tongan: tufu

Southern Oceanic

Vanuatu

desc

Mota: tov (“the brackish water of such spring water”)


bañaw

Proto-Philippine

Batanic

Yami-Itbayat

Itbayat : vanaw ("idea of washing the hands")

Northern Luzon

South-Central Cordilleran

Central Cordilleran

Kankanaey: bánaw (“to dip, soak, steep, wet, drench”)

Central Luzon

Sambalic

⇒ Sambali: mibano (“wash the hands”) (from *(ma)-bañaw)

Greater Central Philippine

Central Phillipine

Visayan

Cebuano: bánaw

Western Bisayan

Aklanon: bánaw

Southern Mindoro

Hanunoo: banáw


ləpas

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: leppás

Cagayan Valley

Isnag: lappás

Northeastern Luzon

Central Bontoc: lepas

Batad Ifugao: lopah

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: lipás

Bikol Central: lípas

Danao

Maranao: lepas

Gorontalo–Mongondow

Gorontalo: lopato

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: alpas

South Mindanao

Tiruray: lefas

Barito

Sama–Bajaw

Central Sama: lopas, lappas

Yakan: lepas, lappas

Mapun: lopas, lappas

East Barito

Malagasy: lefa

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Iban: lepas

Malay: lepas
Indonesian: lepas

Minangkabau: lapeh

Sundanese: leupas

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: lepas

Sasak: lepas

Old Javanese: lĕpas

Javanese: lepas

South Sulawesi

Buginese: leppe'

Makasar: lappasa'

to set free, to let loose, to be liberated


lipət

Philippine

Danao

Maranao: lipet

Barito

East Barito

Malagasy: dify

Rejang: lipeut

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

desctree

Malay: lipat
> Indonesian: lipat (inherited)

Sundanese: lipeut

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: limpet


ʀaməs

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: gámas

Sangiric

Sangir: mə-hámisəʔ

Talaud: žamissa

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Karo Batak: rames

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Malay: ramas
Indonesian: remas

Sundanese: rameus, rames

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Sasak: ames

Old Javanese: ramĕs
Javanese: ꦫꦩꦼꦱ꧀ (rames)
→ Indonesian: rames

Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Buru (Indonesia): hameh

Kei–Tanimbar

Fordata: n-ramas

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih: *raməs

Buli (Indonesia): amas

Biak: rames


zalatəŋ

*latəŋ (alternative)
*zilatəŋ (alternative)


zilatəŋ

*latəŋ (alternative)
*zalatəŋ (alternative)


latəŋ

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Cagayan Valley

Ibanag: aldatang

South Mindanao

Tiruray: lateng

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Alas-Kluet Batak: lateng

Karo Batak: lateng

Toba Batak: latong

Gayo: latong

Simeulue: lalateng

Nias: lato

Lampungic

Lampung Api: jilatong

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Malay: jelatang
Indonesian: jelatang

Minangkabau: jilatang

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: lateng

Sasak: jelateng

Old Javanese: latĕṅ

Javanese: lateng

South Sulawesi

Buginese: lallateng

Makasar: la'latang

Tae': lelating

Celebic

Tomini–Tolitoli

Dondo: anjalatong

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Kambera: lanténg

Manggarai: lanteng

Rembong: lantong

Ngadha: ladé

Proto-Oceanic: *latoŋ, *salatoŋ, *silatoŋ
Admiralty Islands
Wuvulu-Aua: lala'o
Western Oceanic
North New Guinea
Manam: zalato
Meso-Melanesian
Roviana: jilatongo
Marovo: zilatongo
Central-Eastern Oceanic
Southern Oceanic
Mwerlap: ne-silat
Southeast Solomonic
Arosi: darao
Bauro: tarao
Central Pacific
Western Fijian: salato
Fijian: salato
Proto-Polynesian: *salato
Tongic
Tongan: salato
Nuclear Polynesian
Samoic–Outlier
Ellicean
Sikaiana: salato
Takuu: sarato
Futunic
Emae: salato
Tikopia: silato
Futuna-Aniwa: sirato
Samoic
Samoan: salato
Eastern Polynesian
Marquesic
Mangarevan: arato
Tahitic
Tahitian: harato

*zalatəŋ (alternative)
*zilatəŋ (alternative)


taʀum

Philippine

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: tayum, tayom (Spanish orthography, obsolete)
→ Tagalog: tayom
→ Ilocano: tayum

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Bikol Central: tágom

Visayan

Cebuano: tágom

Aklanon: tagóm

Hiligaynon: tagóm

Romblomanon: tāgum

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: tágum

Danao

Maranao: tagom

Manobo

Western Bukidnon Manobo: taɣum

Gorontalo–Mongondow

Mongondow: tagum

Sangiric

Sangir: tahung

Barito

West Barito

Ngaju: tahum

Malayo-Sumbawan

Chamic

Rade: krŭm

Malayic

Iban: tarum

Malay: tarum
Indonesian: tarum

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: taum

Sasak: tarum

Sundanese: tarum

Old Javanese: tom
Javanese: tom
→ Ternate: tom

South Sulawesi

Makasar: tarung

Tae': tarun

Celebic

Muna–Buton

Muna: tau

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Bima: dau

Sumba–Flores

Manggarai: tarong

Ngadha: taru

Li'o: taru

Flores–Lembata

Lamaholot: ta'ū

Timoric

Tetumic

Tetum: taun

Rote–Meto

Bilba: tauk

Compare Old Chinese 藍 (OC *ɡ·raːm, “indigo”), whence Thai คราม (kraam), and possibly Khmer ត្រុំ (trom). Schuessler (2007) considers this an areal word, possibly originates in Southeast Asia.

indigo plant and dye, Indigofera suffruticosa


qaʀa

Philippine

Greater Central Philippine

Palawanic

Central Palawano: aga

Gorontalo–Mongondow

Mongondow: aga

Sangiric

Sangir: aha

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Dairi Batak: ara

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Iban: ara

Malay: ara
Indonesian: ara

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: aha

Sasak: ara

Old Javanese: hara

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Komodo: ara

Manggarai: ara

Ngadha: ara

Flores–Lembata

Sika: 'ara

Central Maluku

Buru (Indonesia): ahat


qaʀsam

Philippine

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Mansaka: agsam

Manobo

Ata Manobo: agsam

Western Bukidnon Manobo: adsam

South Mindanao

Tiruray: ansam

Sangiric

Sangir: hesang

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Dairi Batak: arsam

Karo Batak: ersam

Toba Batak: arsam

Malayo-Sumbawan

Chamic

Acehnese: reusam

Malayic

Iban: resam

Malay: resam
Indonesian: resam

Minangkabau: ransam

Oceanic

Western Oceanic

Meso-Melanesian

Willaumez

Nakanai: hara

Northwest Solomonic

Alu: asama

Roviana: asama

Central-Eastern Oceanic

Southeast Solomonic

Bugotu–Gela

Gela: aha

Malaita–Makira

Sa'a: sata

Malaita

Kwaio: lata

Lau: sata

'Are'are: rata

Central Pacific

Fijian: caca


bətuŋ

Philippine

Central Philippine

Bikol Central: butóng

Visayan

Cebuano: butóng

Aklanon: butóng

Danao

Maranao: bentong

Manobo

Binukid: buntung

Western Bukidnon Manobo: bentung

Barito

West Barito

Ngaju: betong

North Bornean

North Sarawakan

Berawan–Lower Baram

Berawan: betong

Dayic

Kelabit: betung

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Iban: betung

Malay: betung
Indonesian: betung

Sundanese: beutung

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Komodo: betong

Rembong: betong

Timoric

Tetum: betun

Oceanic

Admiralty Islands

Lou: pot

bamboo of very large diameter, probably Dendrocalamus sp.


bakəhaw

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Northeastern Luzon

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: békaw

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: bakaw

Bikol Central: bakáwan

Visayan

Cebuano: bakháw

Hiligaynon: bákhaw

Aklanon: bakáwan

Tausug: bakkaw

Mansaka: bakaw

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: bákhaw

Danao

Maranao: bakaw

Gorontalo–Mongondow

Mongondow: bakow

South Mindanao

Tiruray: bakaw

Barito

Sama–Bajaw

Mapun: bangkaw

North Bornean

Southwest Sabahan

Dusunic

Coastal Kadazan: vakau

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Toba Batak: baho

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Iban: bakau

Malay: bakau
Indonesian: bakau

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Sasak: bako

Celebic

Wotu–Wolio

Wolio: bangko

Muna–Buton

Muna: bhangko


kəzut

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Iban: kejut

Malay: kejut
Indonesian: kejut

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: kejut


lutuŋ

Philippine

Manobo

Sarangani Manobo: lotong

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Karo Batak: lutung

Simeulue: lotung

Malayo-Sumbawan

Chamic

Acehnese: lutöng

Malayic

Iban: lutong

Malay: lotong, lutung
Indonesian: lutung
→ English: lutung
→ Tok Pisin: lutong

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: lutung

Sasak: lutung

Sundanese: lutung

Old Javanese: lutuṅ

Javanese: lutung

the Formosan rock monkey, Macaca cyclopis


təŋəʀ

Philippine

Central Philippine

Visayan

Cebuano: tungóg

Aklanon: tungóg

Manobo

Binukid: tengeg

Western Bukidnon Manobo: tengeg

North Bornean

Southwest Sabahan

Dusunic

Coastal Kadazan: tongo

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Simeulue: tengel

Lampungic

Lampung Api: tengor

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Iban: tengar

Malay: tengar
Indonesian: tengar
→? Cebuano: tangal

South Sulawesi

Makasar: tangngere'

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Selaru: téar

Palauan: denges

Proto-Oceanic: *toŋoʀ
St. Matthias
Mussau-Emira: toŋo
Western Oceanic
Meso-Melanesian
Uneapa: tongoro
Madak: tongo
North New Guinea
Gitua: tongor
Gedaged: tong
Central-Eastern Oceanic
Southeast Solomonic
Gela: tongo
Arosi: ongo
Micronesian
Gilbertese: tongo
Central Pacific
West Fijian–Rotuman
Rotuman: fogo
Western Fijian: togo
East Fijian–Polynesian
Fijian: dogo
Proto-Polynesian: *toŋo
Nuclear Polynesian
Samoic–Outlier
Ellicean
Nukuoro: donga
Sikaiana: tono
Takuu: tono
Tuvaluan: togo
Futunic
East Futuna: togo
Emae: togo
Futuna-Aniwa: togo
West Uvean: tongo
Samoic
Samoan: togo
Tokelauan: togo
Eastern Polynesian
Marquesic
Mangarevan: togotogo
Tongic
Tongan: tongo
Niuean: togo

kind of mangrove, Ceriops spp., with bark used for dyeing


buluq

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: bólo

Cagayan Valley

Isnag: bólo

Itawit: húlu

Meso-Cordilleran

Batad Ifugao: būlu

Limos Kalinga: bulu

Northeastern Luzon

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: bulo

Dupaningan Agta: bulu

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: búlu

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: búho

Visayan

Cebuano: búlo

Aklanon: búeo

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: búluʔ

Danao

Maranao: bolo

Gorontalo–Mongondow

Mongondow: buluʔ

Sangiric: *bulo

Sangir: buḷo

Minahasan

Tonsawang: buluʔ

Basap–Barito

Basap: bulo'

East Barito

Paku: wuluʔ

Malagasy: vólo

North Bornean

North Sarawakan

Berawan–Lower Baram

Berawan: bulu

Dayic

Kelabit: bulu'

Lun Bawang: bulu'

Kenyah

Bakung: bulu'

Eastern Penan: bolo

Central Sarawakan

Central Melanau: buluk

Lahanan: bulu

Land Dayak

Bidayuh

Bau Bidayuh: bulu'

Biatah Bidayuh: buru

Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh: buru'

Southern Land Dayak

Jangkang: buru

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Dairi Batak: buluh

Karo Batak: buluh

Toba Batak: bulu

Simeulue: bulu, fulu

Rejang: buluak

Malayo-Sumbawan

Chamic

Acehnese: bulöh

Proto-Malayic: *buluh
Ibanic
Iban: buluh
Mualang: buluh
Malayan
Malay: buluh, buloh (superseded, 1924-1972)
Indonesian: buluh
Minangkabau: buluah
Urak Lawoi': บูโละฮ (buloh)

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: buluh

Sasak: buloq

Sundanese: buluh

Old Javanese: wuluh

Javanese: wuluh

South Sulawesi

Buginese: bulo

Makasar: bulo

Tae': bulo

Celebic

Kaili–Pamona

Uma: wuluʔ

Bungku–Tolaki

Wawonii: vulu

Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Ngadha: vulu

Flores–Lembata

Sika: bulu

Kei–Tanimbar

Yamdena: buli

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Halmahera–Cenderawasih

Biak: bur

Oceanic

Southern Oceanic

Lonwolwol: bUl

type of slender bamboo; Schizostachyum spp.


bihaʀ

Philippine

Batanic

Ivatan: vihay, viyay, vyay

Ibatan: byay

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: biág

Cagayan Valley

Isnag: biāg

Meso-Cordilleran

Pangasinan: biláy (with metathesis)

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: bié

Sambalic

Sambali: biyáy

Mag-Anchi Ayta: biyay

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: bíhag

Bikol Central: bíhag

Visayan

Cebuano: bíhag

Aklanon: bíhag

Hiligaynon: bíhag

Mansaka: biág

Danao

Maranao: biag

Manobo

Binukid: bihag

Agusan Manobo: 'bihag

Western Bukidnon Manobo: bihag

Gorontalo–Mongondow

Mongondow: biag

Gorontalo: bia-biahu

South Mindanao

Tiruray: biag

Sangiric

Sangir: biaheʔ

North Bornean

Southwest Sabahan

Murutic

Timugon Murut: biag

Paitanic

Tombonuo: wiou

Abai Sungai: wiau

Malayo-Sumbawan

Chamic

Acehnese: bieuë

Malayic

Malay: biar
Indonesian: biar

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Rembong: biar


akən

Celebic

Wolio–Kamaru

Wolio: -aka

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Karo Batak: -ken

Toba Batak: -hon

Old Javanese: akĕn (“like, by way of”)

Old Javanese: -akĕn (“causative suffix”)
Javanese: -ꦲꦏꦼꦤ꧀ (-aken)

Malayic

Malay: akan

Indonesian: akan


limaw

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Proto-Malayic:

Banjarese: limau

Brunei Malay: limau

Iban: limau

Malay: limau
Indonesian: limau

Proto-Oceanic: *moli

Fijian: moli

Proto-Polynesian: *moli

Tongan: moli

Samoan: moli


qanilaw

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Cagayan Valley

Isnag: alináw

Meso-Cordilleran

Kankanaey: alínew

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Cebuano: anílaw

>? Tagalog: anilaw

Aklanon: anílaw

Danao

Maranao: anilaw

South Mindanao

Tboli: knilaw

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Malay: nilau
> Indonesian: nilau (inherited)

Minangkabau: andilau

→ Indonesian: andilau

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Bima: rino

Sumba–Flores

Komodo: nila

Manggarai: nila

Rembong: nila

Kei–Tanimbar

Kei: nil

Timoric

Bilba: lino

Central Maluku

Buru (Indonesia): nila


bayuʀ

Philippine

Batanic

Yami: vayoy

Ivatan: vayoy

Ibatan: bayoy

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: bároy

Cagayan Valley

Ibanag: baruy

Meso-Cordilleran

Pangasinan: baluy

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Cebuano: bayog

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: bayúg

Gorontalo–Mongondow

Mongondow: bayug

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Malay: bayur
Indonesian: bayur

>? Sundanese: cayur

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Manggarai: wajur


taŋiʀi

Philippine

Batanic

>? Ivatan: tanggigi

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: tanggígi

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: tanigì

Bikol Central: tanggígi

Visayan

Cebuano: tangígi

Aklanon: tangígi

Masbatenyo: tanggígi

Waray-Waray: tanggígi

Danao

Maranao: tangigi

Sangiric

Sangir: tangihi

Barito

Sama–Bajaw

Yakan: tangī'

Malayo-Sumbawan

Acehnese

Acehnese: tangiroe

Malayic

Iban: tenggiri

Malay: tenggiri, tengiri
Indonesian: tenggiri

Urak Lawoi': เตอกฺีรี (tegiri)

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Sasak: tengiri

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Komodo: tangiri

Kambera: tangiri

Kei–Tanimbar

Fordata: tniri

Proto-Oceanic: *taŋiʀi
Admiralty Islands
Penchal: tangini
Titan: tangili
Wuvulu-Aua: taniri
Western Oceanic
North New Guinea
Schouten
Kairiru: tangir
Wogeo: tangir
Manam: tangiri
Ngero–Vitiaz
Gedaged: tangiz
Gitua: tangir
Huon Gulf
Numbami: tangili
Meso-Melanesian
Roviana: tangiri
Central-Eastern Oceanic
Southeast Solomonic
Sa'a: aangili
'Are'are: aniri
Micronesian
Gilbertese: tangii
Chuukese: sengir
Puluwat: hángiŕ
Woleaian: tangir
Central Pacific
Polynesian
Nukuoro: dangii
Samoan: tagī

Spanish mackerel, kingfish: Scomberomorus spp.


hapən

Philippine

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Cebuano: hapón

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: hapún

Manobo

Dibabawon Manobo: hapon

Western Bukidnon Manobo: hapen

Kalamian

Agutaynen: apen

North Bornean

Southwest Sabahan

Dusunic

Central Dusun: tapon

Coastal Kadazan: tapon

Rungus: apon

Paitanic

Tombonuo: apon

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Dairi Batak: ampen

Karo Batak: ampen

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Halmahera–Cenderawasih

Buli (Indonesia): yafan

Biak: yàfen

Oceanic: *apon

Micronesian

Kosraean: eo

Gilbertese: ao

Marshallese: ah

Chuukic

Chuukese: óó

Woleaian: yoa

Sonsorolese: jao

Pohnpeic

Mokilese: o

Central Pacific

Fijian: cavo

Proto-Polynesian: *afo
Nuclear Polynesian
Samoic–Outlier
Ellicean
Nukuoro: aho
Sikaiana: aho
Tuvaluan: afo
Futunic
East Futuna: afo
Pukapukan: wao
Samoic
Samoan: afo
Tokelauan: afo
Eastern Polynesian
Marquesic
Hawaiian: aho
Mangarevan: a’o
North Marquesan: aho
Tahitic
Maori: aho
Rarotongan: a‘o
Tahitian: aho
Rapa Nui: aho
Tongic
Tongan: afo
Niuean: afo


tampuŋ

Philippine

Danao

Maranao: tampong

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Malay: tampung

Indonesian: tampung

From Proto-Austronesian *-puŋ (“assemble, collect, gather”).


taŋgal

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Proto-Batak:

Southern

Toba Batak: tanggal

Proto-Philippine:

Central Philipine

Bicol

Coastal Bikol

desc

Bikol Central: tanggal (“detached; disconnected; removed”)

Visayan

Cebuano: tanggal

Tagalog: tanggál

Proto-Malayic:

Malay: tanggal

Indonesian: tanggal

desctree

Old Javanese: taṅgal (“waxing (of the moon), first half of the lunar month”)
Javanese: ꦠꦁꦒꦭ꧀꧈ ꦠꦔ꧀ꦒꦭ꧀ (tanggal, “date (day and month); beginning of the lunar month”)
→ Indonesian: tanggal (“date (day and month)”)
→ Balinese: ᬢᬗ᭄ᬕᬮ᭄ (tanggal, “day, date”)


bəsuʀ

Philippine

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: busog

Bikol

Bikol Central: basog

Bisayan

Cebuano: busog

Masbatenyo: busog

Barito

Ngaju: besuh

Northwest Sumatra-Barrier Island

Batak

Karo Batak: besur

Simalungun Batak: bosur

Toba Batak: bosur

South Sulawesi

Makasar: bassoro'

Buginese: wesso', messo'

Tae': bassu


bəʀək

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Pangasinan: belék

Central Luzon

Abenlen Ayta: beyek

South Mindanao

Tboli: blek

North Bornean

Southwest Sabahan

Dusunic

Central Dusun: wogok

Coastal Kadazan: vogok

Momogun

Rungus: vogok

Kimaragang: wogok

Tobilung: wogok

Paitanic

Tombonuo: wogok

Upper Kinabatangan: wogok

North Sarawakan

Dayic

Kelabit: berek

Lun Bawang: berek

Old Javanese: wök

Proto-Oceanic: *boʀok
Admiralty Islands
Seimat: pow
Western Oceanic
Meso-Melanesian
Bali-Vitu
Uneapa: boroko
Willaumez
Nakanai: bolo
New Ireland–Northwest Solomonic
Tungag–Nalik
Tigak: vogo
St. George
Sursurunga: bor
Fanamaket: bo
Patpatar–Tolai
Tolai: boro-i
Kandas–Ramoaaina
Ramoaaina: boro
Northwest Solomonic
Nehan–Bougainville
Papapana: bolo
Mono–Uruavan
Alu: boko
New Georgia–Ysabel
Simbo: boroqo
North New Guinea
Sarmi–Jayapura
Tarpia: por
Schouten
Kairiru–Manam
Manam: boro
Wogeo: boro
Ngero–Vitiaz
Bel
Takia: bol
Gedaged: boz
Huon Gulf
Numbami: bola
Markham
Middle Watut: mpuk
South Watut: mbuk
South Huon Gulf
Patep: bwɔk
Papuan Tip
Nuclear Papuan Tip
Are
Gapapaiwa: poro
Suauic
Bwanabwana: polo
Nimoa–Sudest
Sudest: mbo-mbo
Central-Eastern Oceanic
Southeast Solomonic
Bugotu–Gela
Bughotu: botho
Gela: mbolo
Southern Oceanic
North Vanuatu
Espiritu Santo
Merei: mbo
South Pentecost
Apma: bo

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *bəʀək.


lubuk

Chamorro: lupok

North Bornean

North Sarawakan

Apo Duat

Lun Bawang: lubuk

Greater Barito

East Barito

Malagasy: lovoka

West Barito

South

Ngaju: lowok

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Proto-Batak:

Northern

Karo Batak: lubuk

Southern

Toba Batak: lubuk

desc

Old Javanese: luwuk (“cavity, hollow”), lowok (“wide open”)

Javanese: ꦭꦺꦴꦧꦺꦴꦏ꧀ (lobok, “loose”)

Javanese: ꦭꦸꦮꦸꦏ꧀ (luwuk, “unfilled; dent”)

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Bali-Sasak

Balinese: ᬮᭀᬯᭀᬓ᭄ (lowok, “water tunnel”), ᬮᭀᬳᭀᬓ᭄ (lohok, “water tunnel”)

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Malayic:

Malay: lubuk

Indonesian: lubuk

Minangkabau: lubuak


lubuk

Proto-Philippine:

Central Philippine

Visayan

Cebuano: lubúk

Sama–Bajaw

Mapun: lubuk

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Sumba–Flores

Ende–Manggarai

Manggarai: lubuk


añam

Celebic

Tomini–Tolitoli

Tomini: anyam

Wotu–Wolio

Wolio–Kamaru

Wolio: ana

Kayan–Murik

Modang–Kayan

Kayan River Kayan: anyam

Land Dayak

Bidayuh

Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh: anyam

North Bornean

Melanau–Kajang

Central Melanau: anam

Proto-North Sarawak:

Baram

Kayan River Kayan: anyam

Berawan–Lower Baram

Berawan: anyim

Kenyah

Bakung: anyam

Old Javanese: anam (“to weave”)

Javanese: ꦲꦤꦩ꧀ (anam, “to weave”)

East Central Maluku

Nunusaku

Piru Bay

Paulohi: ana

South Halmahera–West New Guinea

South Halmahera

Buli (Indonesia): yanam

Flores–Lembata

Kedang: anang

Kei–Tanimbar

Kei–Fordata

Fordata: anan

Kei: anan

Selaru

Selaru: an

Proto-Philippine:

Greater Central Philippine

Gorontalo-Mongondow

Gorontalo: walamo

Sangiric

Sangir: anang

South Mindanao

Tiruray:

Madurese: anyam

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Malayic:

Iban: anyam

Malay: anyam

Indonesian: anyam

Minangkabau: anyam

Old Sundanese:

Sundanese: ᮃᮑᮙ᮪ (anyam)

Proto-South Sulawesi:

Makassaric

Makasar: anang

Northern

Toraja

Tae': anan

From Proto-Austronesian *añam. Doublet of *añem and *ayam.


hatəD

Barito

East Barito

Malagasy: atitra

Celebic

Kaili–Pamona

Northern

Pamona: ata

Kayan–Murik

Modang–Kayan

Kayanic

Baram Kayan: aten

Kayan River Kayan: ater

Lampungic

Lampung Api: atot

North Bornean

Proto-North Sarawak:

Bintulu: ated

Old Javanese: atĕr

Javanese: ꦲꦠꦼꦂ (ater)

→ Balinese: ᬳᬢᭂᬃ (ater)

Palauan: ngader (“gift”)

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *ated

South Halmahera–West New Guinea

Cenderawasih

Biak: yaker (“to escort”)

Maduresic

Madurese: ater

Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa

Balinese: ᬳᬢᭂᬄ (ateh)

Sasak: ater

Sumbawa: antat

Proto-Chamic:

Acehnese: antat

Highlands

Rade: atăt

Proto-Malayic: *hantar

Banjarese: atar

Betawi: anter

Malay: hantar

Indonesian: hantar, antar

Sundanese-Badui

Sundanese: ᮃᮔ᮪ᮒᮩᮁ (anteur)

Proto-Philippine:

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: atád

Sambalic

Sambali: atel

Central Philippine

Bikol

Bikol Central: hatód

Bisayan

Cebuano: hatod

Central Bisayan

Hiligaynon: hatúd

Western Bisayan

Aklanon: hatód

Gorontalo–Mongondow

Mongondowic

Mongondow: atod

Manobo

Western Bukidnon Manobo: hated

Mansakan

Mandayan

Mansaka: atud

Tagalog: hatíd

Northern Luzon

Meso-Cordilleran

Central Cordilleran

Nuclear Cordilleran

Bontok–Kankanay

Central Bontoc: ated

South Mindanao

Tboli: eted

Proto-South Sulawesi:

Bugis–Tamanic

Bugisic

Buginese: ᨕᨈᨑ (antarak)

Tamanic

Embaloh: antat

Makassaric

Makasar: antarak (𑻱𑻦𑻭, ᨕᨈᨑ)

Northern

Toraja

Tae': antaq

From Proto-Austronesian *SateD (“accompany, escort; send, return”).

inh

to accompany, to conduct, to convey, to escort;


dəŋan

*dəŋən (alternative)
*diŋan (alternative)


dəŋan

Philippine

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Bikol Central: dungan

Visayan

Cebuano: dungan

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: dungan

Kalamian

Agutaynen: dengan

Tagbanwa: dengan

Sangiric

Sangir: dingan

Barito

West Barito

Ngaju: dengen

North Bornean

North Sarawakan

Dayic

Lun Bawang: dengan

Land Dayak

Bidayuh

Biatah Bidayuh: dingan

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Toba Batak: dongan

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

desctree

Malay: dengan, dgn (abbreviation), ngan (contraction)
> Indonesian: dengan (inherited)

Sundanese: deungeun

South Sulawesi: *dɨŋŋan

Buginese: rengngeng

Mandar: dangngang

Celebic

Bungku–Tolaki: *roŋaN

Mori Bawah: ronga

Moronene: ronga

Oceanic: *droŋan

Southeast Solomonic

Malaita–Makira

Sa'a: donga

Makira

Arosi: donga

Malaita

Lau: donga

Kwaio: donga


dahdah

Philippine

Batanic

Itbayat: rahdah

Barito

East Barito

>? Malagasy: tratra

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Karo Batak: dada

Toba Batak: dada

Rejang: dado

Malayo-Sumbawan

Chamic

Acehnese: dada

Coastal Chamic

Eastern Cham: ꨓꨕꨩ (tada)

Western Cham: تادا (tada)

Highlands Chamic

Northern Cham

Northern Roglai: dada

Tsat: tha¹¹

Rade–Jarai

Jarai: tơda

Rade: đahda

Malayic

Iban: dada

Malay: dada
Indonesian: dada

Urak Lawoi': ดาดา (dada)

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: dada

Sasak: dada

Sumbawa: dada

Sundanese: dada

Old Javanese: ḍaḍa

South Sulawesi

Buginese: dada

Makasar: dada

Mandar: dada

Tae': dada

Celebic

Kaili–Pamona

Pamona: dada


pəʀəs

Philippine

Ilocano: perres

Tagalog: pigis

Northwest Sumatra-Barrier Islands

Toba Batak: poros

Malayic

Malay: peras

Indonesian: peras

to squeeze something (to extract liquid)


taŋan

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: tangán

Pangasinan: tangán

Central Philippine

Bikol Central: tangan

Barito

Sama–Bajaw

Yakan: tangan

Mapun: tangan

East Barito

Ma'anyan: tangan

Malagasy: tánana

North Bornean

North Sarawakan

Belait: ngan

Malayo-Sumbawan

Chamic

Coastal Chamic

Eastern Cham: ꨓꨊꨪꩆ (tangin)

Western Cham: تاڠين (tangin)

Highlands Chamic

Chru–Northern Cham

Chru: təŋaːn

Tsat: ŋaːn³³

Rade–Jarai

Jarai: tơngan

Rade: kngan

Malayic

Iban: tangan

Banjarese: tangan

Malay: tangan
Indonesian: tangan

Minangkabau: tangan

Urak Lawoi': ตางัน (tangan)

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: tangan

Old Javanese: taṅan

Javanese: tangan

Caribbean Javanese: tangan

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Selaru

Selaru: tanga

Kei–Tanimbar

Sekar: tagan

Oceanic

Admiralty Islands

Seimat: tanga


bəlaq

Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: bila

Kalamian

Agutaynen: belak

Barito

West Barito

Ngaju: belah

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Karo Batak: belah

Toba Batak: bola

Simeulue: fela

Rejang: blêak

Lampungic

Komering: bolah

Abung: belah

Malayo-Sumbawan

Chamic

Acehnese: blah

Coastal Chamic

Eastern Cham: ꨝꨵꩍ (blah)

Western Cham: بله (blah)

Highlands Chamic

Northern Chamic

Northern Roglai: blah

Tsat: phia⁵⁵

Rade–Jarai

Jarai: blah

Rade: blah

Malayic

Iban: belah

Malay: belah
Indonesian: belah

Urak Lawoi': เบอละฮ (belah)

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: belah

Sasak: belaq

Sumbawa: bela

Sundanese: beulah

Old Javanese: wĕlah, bĕlah

Javanese: belah

South Sulawesi

Makasar: balla

Mandar: balla

Celebic

Muna–Buton

Bonerate: vola

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Flores–Lembata

Sika: bela

Central Maluku

Kamarian: hola

Oceanic

Western Oceanic

Papuan Tip

Motu: polaia

Central-Eastern Oceanic

Southeast Solomonic

Lau: fola

Central Pacific

Fijian: bola


təbus

Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: tubós

Bikol Central: tubós

Cebuano: tubós

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Toba Batak: tobus

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Malay: tebus
Indonesian: tebus

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: tebus

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Timoric

Kisar: keuhu


bataʀ

Philippine

Kalamian

Agutaynen: batal

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Malay: betari

*bataD (alternative)
*batad (alternative)


bilaŋ

Philippine

Batanic

Ivatan: vilang

Ibatan: bilang

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: bilang

Cagayan Valley

Isnag: bilang

Itawit: bilang

Meso-Cordilleran

Central Cordilleran

Central Bontoc: bílang

Kankanaey: bílang

Batad Ifugao: bīlang

Southern Cordilleran

Pangasinan: bilang

Karao: bilang

Northeastern Luzon

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: bilang

Dupaningan Agta: bilang

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: bilang

Sambalic

Bolinao: bilang

Abenlen Ayta: bilang

Mag-Anchi Ayta: bilang

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: bilang

Bikol Central: bilang

Visayan

Cebuano: bilang

Aklanon: bilang

Hiligaynon: bilang

Mansakan

Mansaka: bilang

Tagakaulu Kalagan: bilang

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: bilang

Manobo

Agusan Manobo: bilang

Obo Manobo: bilang

Western Bukidnon Manobo: bilang

Danao

Maguindanao: bilang

Maranao: bilang

South Mindanao

Tiruray: bilang

Tboli: bilang

Barito

West Barito

Ngaju: bilang

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Dairi Batak: bilang

Karo Batak: bilang

Malayo-Sumbawan

Chamic

Acehnese: bileuëng

Malayic

Banjarese: bilang

Malay: bilang
Indonesian: bilang

Urak Lawoi': บีลัก (bilak)

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: bilang

Sasak: bilang

Sumbawa: bilang

Sundanese: bilang

Old Javanese: wilaṅ

Javanese: wilang

South Sulawesi

Buginese: bilang

Makasar: bilang

Northern

Mandar: bilang

Tae': bilang

Duri: bilang

Celebic

Tomini–Tolitoli

Tajio: bilang

Kaili–Pamona

Pamona: bila

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Bima: ɓila

Sumba–Flores

Western Flores

Manggarai: bilang

Rembong: bilang

Sumba–Hawu

Kambera: bila


qatimun

Philippine

Batanic

Ivatan: simun

Ibatan: simon

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: atímon

Itawit: asímun

Central Philippine

Visayan

Aklanon: atímon

Barito

West Barito

Ngaju: hantimon, tantimon

North Bornean

Northeast Sabahan

Ida'an: timun

North Sarawakan

Berawan–Lower Baram

Berawan: timon

Narom: timun

Dayic

Lun Bawang: timun

Kelabit: simun

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Toba Batak: ansimun

Simeulue: antimon

Malayo-Sumbawan

Chamic

Acehnese: timon

Coastal Chamic

Western Cham: ꨓꨠꨭꩆ (tamun)

Highlands Chamic

Jarai: tơmŭn

Rade: kmŭn

Malayic

Banjarese: hantimun

Iban: entimun

Malay: timun, mentimun, hentimun, ketimun, hentimun, ketimun
Indonesian: timun
→ West Makian: timu
→ Hokkien: ti-mun
→ Teochew: ti-mun

Minangkabau: antimun, timun, mantimun

Urak Lawoi': ตีโมะน (timön)

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: timun, ketimun

Sasak: timun

Sumbawa: tinum (with metathesis)

Old Javanese: hantimun

Javanese: timun, ketimun

Celebic

Tomini–Tolitoli

Tajio: antimun

Muna–Buton

Muna: ghotimu

Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Bima: dimu

Sumba–Flores

Sumba–Hawu

Sabu: dimu

Western Flores

Manggarai–Rembong

Manggarai: timung

Rembong: timun

Central Flores

Ngadha: timu

Li'o: timu

Flores–Lembata

Kedang: timu

Selaru

Selaru: timun

Kei–Tanimbar

Kei: timun, temun, tumun

Fordata: itimun

Yamdena: timun

Central Maluku

West Central Maluku

Buru (Indonesia): timun

East Central Maluku

Kowiai: atumin (with metathesis)

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Halmahera–Cenderawasih

Halmahera Sea

Buli (Indonesia): titimin

Cenderawasih Bay

Dusner: tinem (with metathesis)

Biak: kimu

Oceanic

Western Oceanic

Meso-Melanesian

Tinputz: àsìmú

Papuan Tip

Motu: asemo

Central-Eastern Oceanic

Central Pacific

Fijian: timo


buʀaw

Philippine

Batanic

Yami: voyaw

Ibatan: boyaw

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: búgaw

Meso-Cordilleran

Central Bontoc: búgaw

Kankanaey: búgaw

Northeastern Luzon

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: bugáw

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: buyaw

Abenlen Ayta: boyaw

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: bugaw

Bikol Central: bugaw

Visayan

Cebuano: bugaw

Aklanon: bugaw

Mansakan

Mansaka: bugaw

Mamanwa: bogaw

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: búgaw

Danao

Maranao: bogaw

Manobo

Agusan Manobo: bu'gow

Obo Manobo: buggow

Western Bukidnon Manobo: buɣew

Gorontalo–Mongondow

Mongondow: bugow

North Bornean

Northeast Sabahan

Ida'an: buwou

Southwest Sabahan

Dusunic

Coastal Kadazan: vuaw

North Sarawakan

Dayic

Kelabit: buro

Kenyah

Bakung: buaw

Central Sarawakan

Central Melanau: buou

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Karo Batak: buro

Toba Batak: buro

Malayo-Sumbawan

Chamic

Acehnese: buru

Malayic

Iban: buru

Malay: buru
Indonesian: buru

Celebic

Wotu-Wolio

Wolio: boo

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba-Flores

Ngadha: buro

Halmahera-Cenderawasih

Biak: bur

Chamorro: pugao


qubuj

Philippine

Batanic

Ivatan: uved

Ibatan: obed

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: úbog

Cagayan Valley

Isnag: úbud

Northeastern Luzon

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: ubúd

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: úbod

Bikol Central: ubód

Bisayan

Cebuano: úbod

Aklanon: úbod

Tausug: ubud

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: ʔúbud

Danao

Maguindanao: ubud

Maranao: obod

Manobo

Western Bukidnon Manobo: uvud

Kalamian

Calamian Tagbanwa: kubud

Minahasan

Tontemboan: uwur

Barito

East Barito

Malagasy: óvotra

North Bornean

North Sarawakan

Dayic

Kelabit: ubud

Kenyah

Bakung: ubut

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Nias: howu (“heart, leaves”)

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Banjarese: humbut

Iban: umbut

Malay: umbut
Indonesian: umbut

Sundanese: humbut

desc

Old Javanese: humbut (“young shoot or leaf”)

Javanese: umbut (“young rattan shoots; palm pith”)

Celebic

Kaili–Pamona

Pamona: uwu

Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Kei–Tanimbar

Fordata: uvur

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Halmahera–Cenderawasih

Buli (Indonesia): uf (“young shoots, young leaves of a palm”)

Oceanic

Fijian: uvu (“newly sprouting leaf of coconut or plantain, not yet opened”)


ukir

Proto-Philippine: *ukir

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: okir (“groove, furrow”), ókir

Greater Central Philippine languages

Central Philippine

Visayan

Tausug: ukkil

Danao:

Maranao: okir

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayo-Chamic

Proto-Malayic: *ukir

Malay: ukir

Indonesian: ukir

Old Javanese: ukir (see there for further descendants)


taqən

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: taen

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Visayan

Cebuano: taon

Aklanon: taon

Tausug: taun

Mansaka

Mansaka: taan

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: taʔún

Danao

Maranao: ta'an

Manobo

Binukid: taen

Western Bukidnon Manobo: ta'an

Sangiric: *tain

North Sarawakan

Lun Bawang: ton

Kayanic

Rejang Kayan: ta'en

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Toba Batak: taon

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Malay: tahan

Sundanese: taheun

Celebic

Pamona: ta'a

Oceanic

Western Oceanic

Nakanai: tataho

Nehan: taon

Central–Eastern Oceanic

Polynesian

Niuean: tatao

Alternative form of *taqan (“set a snare”)


qaləpan

Proto-Oceanic: *qalopan (see there for further descendants)

from Proto-Austronesian *qaləpan, from *qaləp (“to beckon, wave”).


hampaʀ

Philippine

Central Luzon

Sambali: apáy

Barito

East Barito

Malagasy: ampatra

West Barito

Ngaju: ampar

Northwest Sumatra—Barrier Islands

Batak

Karo Batak: ampar, apar-apar

⇒ Toba Batak: amparan

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayo-Chamic

Chamic

Acehnese: hampa

Malayic

Iban: ampar

Banjarese: hampar

Malay: hampar
Indonesian: hampar

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Sasak: apah

⇒ Sundanese: ngampar

Javanese: ampar

South Sulawesi

Tae': ampa'

Buginese: appa'

Makasar: apara'


uʁaŋ

Greater North Borneo

desctree

Proto-Malayic: *uraŋ
Banjarese: urang
Ibanic
Iban: urang
Mualang: urang
Seberuang: urang
Keninjal: orang
Nuclear Malayic
Malay: orang
Indonesian: orang
Minangkabau: urang
Pattani Malay: ออแรฺ (oɣɛ)
Urak Lawoi': อูรัก (urak)

Proto-Chamic:

Acehnese: ureuëng

Coastal Chamic

Eastern Cham: ꨂꨣꩃ, urang

Old Javanese: wwang, woṅ, wwaṅ
> Javanese: ꦧꦺꦴꦁ (bong, “attendant”), ꦮꦺꦴꦁ (wong, “man, people”) (inherited)
→ Indonesian: bong (“traditional circumcision attendant”)
→ Indonesian: wong (“human, person”)
→ Balinese: ᬯᭀᬂ (wong, “people”)

Madurese: orèng

Sumatran

Gayo: urang

A late western Indonesia innovation that is found in many languages.


təmu

Philippine

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: tamu

Central Philippine

Tagalog: támo

Barito

East Barito

Malagasy: tamotamo

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Malay: temu
Indonesian: têmu

Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa

Balinese: ᬢᬫᬸ (tamu)

Sasak: temu

Old Javanese: tĕmu

Javanese: ꦠꦼꦩꦸ (temu)

South Sulawesi

Makassaric

Makasar: tammu


təmu

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Isnag: tammó

Gorontalo–Mongondow

Mongondow: tomu

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Toba Batak: tomu

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Malay: temu
Indonesian: têmu

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: temu

Old Javanese: tĕmu

Javanese: ꦠꦼꦩꦸ (temu)

South Sulawesi: *tɨmmu

Tae': tammu

Celebic

Tomini–Tolitoli

Dampelas: tomu

Balaesang: ntomu


tiʀis

Philippine

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: tígis

Bikol Central: tígis

Cebuano: tígis

Danao

Maranao: tigis

Maguindanao: igis

Manobo

Binukid: tigis

Western Bukidnon Manobo: tiɣis

Minahasan: *tihis

Barito

Sama–Bajaw

Yakan: tīs

West Barito

Ngaju: hantis

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Karo Batak: tiris

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Malay: tiris
Indonesian: tiris

Celebic

Wotu–Wolio

Wolio: tiri

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Kambera: ndiri

Oceanic

Western Oceanic

North New Guinea

Manam: tí-tiri

Central-Eastern Oceanic

Southern Oceanic

Mota: tir

Central Pacific

⇒ Fijian: titi


səŋkar

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Toba Batak: songkar

Malayic

Iban: sengkar

Malay: sengkar
Indonesian: sengkar

Proto-Oceanic: *sokar

Central Pacific

Western Fijian: soka

Fijian: soka

Proto-Polynesian: *hoka

Tongan: hoka

Samoan: so'a

Rarotongan: oka

Maori: oka

transverse beams that support the roof of a house


saʀman

Sangiric

Sangir: sahemmang

Talaud: sallramman

Ambonese Malay: semang

Chamorro: sakman

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Timoric

Ili'uun: seman

Luang: semna

Central Maluku

Buru (Indonesia): seman

Asilulu: seman

Taliabu: somain

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Halmahera–Cenderawasih

Wandamen: soman

Oceanic: *saman

Admiralty Islands

Manus

Loniu: cam

Nali: sam

Southeast

Lou: sam

Western

Seimat: xam

Wuvulu-Aua: tama

Yapese: thaam

St. Matthias Islands

Mussau-Emira: samana

Western Oceanic

Meso-Melanesian

New Ireland–Northwest Solomonic

Madak: sem

Northwest Solomonic

Nehan: haman

St. George

Fanamaket: sam

Tolai: aman

Bali–Vitu

Uneapa: zamana

Muduapa: zama

North New Guinea

Schouten

Kairiru: sam

Ngero–Vitiaz

Gedaged: sam

Mbula: saama

Gitua: sama

Huon Gulf

Numbami: samana

Labu: sa

Papuan Tip

Molima: samana

Sudest: thame

Central Eastern–Oceanic

Central Pacific

Rotuman: sama

Western Fijian: cama

Fijian: cama

Polynesian: *hama

Tongic

Tongan: hama

Niuean: hama

Samoic–Outlier

Samoan: ama

Tokelauan: ama

Eastern Polynesian

Maori: ama

Tahitian: ama

Hawaiian: ama

Rapa Nui: ama


duʀi

Philippine

Central Luzon

Abenlen Ayta: diwi

Bolinao: diwi

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Bikol Central: dugi

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: dugi

Manobo

Binukid: dugi

Higaonon: dugi

Ata Manobo: dugi

Obo Manobo: duhi'

Dibabawon Manobo: dugi

Western Bukidnon Manobo: duɣi

Subanen

Central Subanen: dugi

Palawanic

Palawan Batak: dugi

Tagbanwa: dugi

Central Tagbanwa: duhi

Gorontalo–Mongondow

Mongondow: dugi

Ponosakan: duhi

Kalamian

Calamian Tagbanwa: duli

Agutaynen: doli

Giangan: dulya

Sangiric: *duʀi (“bone”)

North

Sangil: duri

Sangir: duhi

Talaud: dullri

South

Bantik: duhi

Minahasan: *duhi (“bone”)

Tontemboan: du'i, ru'i

Tombulu: duhi

Tonsawang: duhi

Tonsea: dui

Tondano: rui

Basap–Barito

Sama–Bajaw

Yakan: luhi

East Barito

Tawoyan: dui

Dusun Witu: rundrui

Ma'anyan: runrui

Malagasy: roy

West Barito

Ngaju: duhi

Bakumpai: duhi

Mahakam

Tunjung: ruhi

Basap: duri

North Bornean

Northeast Sabahan

Ida'an: duwi

Southwest Sabahan

Dusunic

Central Dusun: rugi

Kuijau: rugi

Momogun

Rungus: rugi

Kimaragang: rugi

Tobilung: rugi

Minokok: rugi

Bisaya–Lotud

Lotud: rugi

Paitanic

Tombonuo: ruwi

Upper Kinabatangan: dui

Murutic

Burusu: dui

North Sarawakan

Bintulu: ruey

Berawan–Lower Baram

Berawan: dukkih

Kiput: durey

Central Sarawakan

Melanau

Central Melanau: duwei

Kanowit: durei

Kajang

Sekapan: duey

Kajaman: duey

Lahanan: luey

Punan

Punan Tubu: dui

Punan Aput: dui

Bukitan: dui

Ukit: dui

Bukat: dui

Müller-Schwaner Punan

Hovongan: duhi

Kereho: duhi

Aoheng: duhi

Land Dayak

Southern Land Dayak

Jangkang: dure

Sanggau: duri

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Karo Batak: duri

Toba Batak: duri

Simeulue: rui

Enggano: e-dudui

Malayo-Sumbawan

Chamic

Acehnese: duroë

Coastal Chamic

Eastern Cham: ꨕꨣꨶꨰ (daruai)

Western Cham: دوروي (durui)

Highlands Chamic

Jarai: drơi

Rade: êruê

Proto-Malayic: *duri(ʔ)
Banjarese: duri
Kendayan: duri
Ibanic
Iban: durɛʔ
Keninjal: duɣʷiʔ
Mualang: duɣɛʔ
Remun: duri
Seberuang: duɣeʔ
Nuclear Malayic
Malay: duri
Indonesian: duri
Brunei Malay: duri
Kedah Malay: duɣi
Central Malay: dughi
Minangkabau: duri
Negeri Sembilan Malay: dughi
Pattani Malay: ดูรฺี (duɣi)
Urak Lawoi': ดูรี (duri)

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: ᬤᬸᬳᬶ (dui)

Sasak: duri

Old Javanese: rwi, ri

Javanese: ꦫꦶ (ri)

South Sulawesi

Tae': duri

Buginese: duri

Celebic

Saluan–Banggai

Balantak: ruri'

Muna–Buton

⇒ Muna: kiri

Tomini–Tolitoli

Totoli: lui

Taje: rui

Balaesang: rui

Kaili–Pamona

Pamona: rui

Bungku–Tolaki: *rui

Mori Atas: rui

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Savu

Sabu: rui

Dhao: rui

Sumba

Laboya: ri

Weyewa: rui

Flores–Lembata

Kedang: lurin

Timoric

Tetum: ruin

Rote–Meto

Uab Meto: nui

Kawaimina

Waima'a: rui

Luangic–Kisaric

Luang: ruri

Kisar: ruri

Roma: rurni

Wetar–Galoli

Ili'uun: rurin

Tugun: rurin

Kei–Tanimbar

Kei: lurin

Central Maluku

East Seram

Masiwang: luin

Nunusaku

Patakai–Manusela

North Nuaulu: uni

Manusela: huni

Three Rivers

Alune: luli

Piru Bay

West

Asilulu: luli

Larike-Wakasihu: lule

East

Saparua: ruri

Hitu: luli

Oceanic: *ruʀi, *suʀi

Admiralty Islands

Western

Seimat: kui

Wuvulu-Aua: xui

Eastern

Manus

West

Likum: cui

Sori-Harengan: hui

Nyindrou: drui

Bipi: xuy

Intermediate

Loniu: uy

East

Nali: drui

Manus Koro: drui

Ponam: hui

Southeast

Penchal: tui

Western Oceanic

Meso-Melanesian

Tolai: uru

⇒ Roviana: surina

North New Guinea

Numbami: luli

Papuan Tip

Motu: duri

Central-Eastern Oceanic

Southeast Solomonic

Bugotu–Gela

Gela: huli

Malaita–Makira

Malaita (San Cristobal)

Kwaio: suli

Lau: suli

Makira

Arosi: suri

Bauro: suri

Southern Oceanic

North Vanuatu

Torres–Banks

Mota: suri

Lakon: suri

Espiritu Santo

Nokuku: sui

Tiale: sui

Araki: sui

Maewo–Ambae–North Pentecost

Sungwadia: suri

Raga: hui

South Pentecost

Apma: su

Central Pacific

West Fijian–Rotuman

Rotuman: sui

Western Fijian: sui

East Fijian–Polynesian

Fijian: sui

Polynesian: *hui

Tongic

Tongan: hui

Niuean: hui

Niuafo'ou: hui

Nuclear Polynesian: *iwi

Samoic–Outlier

Ellicean

Tuvaluan: ivi

Kapingamarangi: iwi

Nukuoro: ivi

Futunic

Anuta: ivi

East Futuna: ivi

Futuna-Aniwa: iwi

Samoic

Samoan: ivi

Tokelauan: ivi

Eastern Polynesian

Marquesic

North Marquesan: ivi

Mangarevan: ivi

Hawaiian: iwi

Tahitic

Tahitian: ivi

Rarotongan: ivi

Maori: iwi

Rapa Nui: ivi


ikuD

Malay: ikut


baʀəq

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Mayoyao Ifugao: balá

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: bage

Central Luzon

Bolinao: baya'

Abenlen Ayta: baya

Mag-Anchi Ayta: baya

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: bagâ

Aklanon: baga

Mansaka: bágà

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: baga

Gorontalo–Mongondow

Mongondow: baga'

South Mindanao

Tiruray: wara

Tboli: bolok

Barito

East Barito

Malagasy: bay

West Barito

Ngaju: baha

North Bornean

North Sarawakan

Bintulu: va'

Dayic

Kelabit: bara'

Kenyah

Bakung: baa'

Western Penan: baha'

Central Sarawakan

Central Melanau: barek

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Karo Batak: bareh

Dairi Batak: baroh

Toba Batak: baro

Simeulue: fale

Nias: bao

Lampungic

Abung: bayeh

Lampung Api: bayoh

Komering: bayoh

Malayo-Sumbawan

Chamic

Acehnese: barah

Eastern Cham: ꨝꨣꩍ (barah)

Malayic

Iban: barah

Malay: barah
Indonesian: barah

Urak Lawoi': บาระฮ (barah)

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: ᬩᬳᬄ (bahah, baah)

Sasak: baraq

Sumbawa: bara

Sundanese: ᮘᮛᮩᮂ (bareuh)

Old Javanese: barah
Javanese: ꦧꦫꦃ (barah)
→ Balinese: ᬩᬭᬄ (barah)

>? Old Javanese: bĕḍah
Javanese: ꦧꦼꦝꦃ (bedhah)
→ Malay: bedah
> Indonesian: bedah (inherited)
→ Balinese: ᬩᭂᬥᬄ (bedah)

>? Old Javanese: *böh
Javanese: ꦧꦸꦃ (buh)

⇒ Old Javanese: aböh

Javanese: ꦲꦧꦸꦃ (abuh)

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Manggarai–Rembong

Komodo: ba

Manggarai: bara

Rembong: bara'

Western Flores

Li'o: ba

Kei–Tanimbar

Kei: bār

Yamdena: bare

Fordata: bara

Chamorro: pago'

Oceanic: *baʀoq

Western Oceanic

North New Guinea

Wampar: fo

Central-Eastern Oceanic

Central Pacific

Fijian: bo


buʀnay

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: bugnáy

Cagayan Valley

Isnag: burnáy

Meso-Cordilleran

Central Bontoc: bugnáy

Kankanaey: bugnáy

Batad Ifugao: bugnáy

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: bignáy

Bikol Central: bugnáy

Visayan

Cebuano: bugnáy

Aklanon: bugnay

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: bugnáy

Malayo-Sumbawan

Chamic

Acehnese: buni, bundi

Malayic

Malay: buni, berunai

Indonesian: buni

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: ᬩᬸᬦᬶ (buni), ᬩᭀᬦᬶ (boni)

Sasak: burne, bune

Old Javanese: wuni

Javanese: ꦮꦸꦤꦶ (wuni)

→ Indonesian: wuni

South Sulawesi

Mandar: bonne

Makasar: ᨅᨘᨊᨙ (bu'ne)

Celebic

Kaili–Pamona

Pamona: bune

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Manggarai: wuni

⇒ Bima: sawone

a tree with edible fruit, Antidesma bunius