pula

Proto-Philippine

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: pula

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Bikol

Bikol Central: pula

Bisayan

Aklanon: puea

Cebuano: pula

Tausug: pula

Waray-Waray: pula

Tagalog: pula


gila

Philippine

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Visayan

Tausug: gila

Danao

Maranao: gila

Gorontalo–Mongondow

Mongondow: gila

Sangiric

⇒ Sangir: maghila

Barito

Sama–Bajaw

Mapun: gila

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Karo Batak: gila

Toba Batak: gila

Gayo: gile

Rejang: gilo

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Iban: gila

desctree

Malay: gila
Indonesian: gila
→ English: gila

Urak Lawoi': กฺีลา (gila)

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: gila

Sasak: gila

Sundanese: gila

Old Javanese: gila

Celebic

Kaili–Pamona

Pamona: gila

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Central Maluku

Paulohi: akakila

Oceanic

Central Pacific

Western Fijian: kila

Fijian: kila


bagus

Proto-Malayo-Chamic: *bagus (see there for further descendants)

Old Javanese: bagus

Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa

Balinese: bagus

Sasak: bagus

(Western Indonesia) handsome (agreeable to the eye or to correct taste)


tuli

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Central Malayo-Polynesian:

Li'o: tuli

Luang: tili (Wetan)

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Oceanic: *tuli (see there for further descendants)

Western Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Philippine: *tuli

Celebic:

Proto-Bungku-Tolaki: *tuli

Kulisusu: culi

Muna: tuli

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:

Gayo: mutuli

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Bali-Sasak:

Sasak: tuli

Proto-Malayic: *tuli
Iban: tuli
Malay: tuli
Indonesian: tuli
Urak Lawoi': ตูลี (tuli)

Acehnese: tuloë

Old Javanese: tuli

Proto-South Sulawesi:

Tae': katuling


buta

Proto-Philippine:

Bikol Central: buta

Buhi'non Bikol: bota

Cebuano: buta

Higaonon: buta

Hiligaynon: buta

Iban: buta

Iriga Bicolano: buta

Mansaka: bota

Maranao: bota

Masbate Sorsogon: buta

Sarangani Manobo: buta

Southern Catanduanes Bicolano: buta

Tausug: buta

Waray Sorsogon: buta

Waray-Waray: buta

West Albay Bikol: buta

Proto-Chamic:

Acehnese: buta

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Malayic:

Malay: buta

Indonesian: buta

Old Javanese: wuta


sakit

Proto-Philippine: *sakit
Northern Luzon
Ilocano: sakit
Cagayan Valley
Isnag: takit
Itawit: takit
Northeastern Luzon
Casiguran Dumagat Agta: saket
Meso-Cordilleran
Central Cordilleran
Central Bontoc: sakit
Southern Cordilleran
Ibaloi: sakit
Pangasinan: sakit
Central Luzon
Kapampangan: sakit
Greater Central Philippine
Central Philippine
Bikol Central: sakit
Mansaka: sakit
Tagalog: sakit
Visayan
Aklanon: sakit
Cebuano: sakit
Hiligaynon: sakit
Romblomanon: sakit
Tausug: sakit
Waray-Waray: sakit
South Mangyan
Hanunoo: sakit
Manobo
Western Bukidnon Manobo: sakit
Danao
Maranao: sakit
Gorontalo–Mongondow
Gorontalo: sakito
Mongondow: takit
South Mindanao
Tiruray: agit
Sangiric
Sangir: saki'
Minahasan
Tontemboan: sakit

Barito

Sama–Bajaw

Mapun: saki

Yakan: saki

North Borneo

Northeast Sabahan

Ida'an: sakit

Southwest Sabahan

Dusunic

Central Dusun: sakit

Paitanic

Tombonuo: osakit

North Sarawakan

Berawan–Lower Baram

Kiput: aket

Dayic

Kelabit: a'it

Kenyah: sakit

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Dairi Batak: sakit

Karo Batak: sakit

Toba Batak: sahit

Gayo: sakit

Malayo-Sumbawan

Proto-Chamic: *sakit

Proto-Malayic: *sakit
Ibanic
Iban: sakit
Malayan
Malay: sakit
Indonesian: sakit
Minangkabau: sakik
Urak Lawoi': ซาเกะ (sakëq)

Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa

Balinese: sakit

Sasak: sakit

Sundanese: sakit

Old Javanese: sakit

South Sulawesi

Tae': saki

Celebic

Saluan–Banggai

Banggai: sakit

Muna–Buton

Muna: saki

Kaili–Pamona

Pamona: saki

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Manggarai: akit

Kowiai: sá'it

Proto-Oceanic: *masakit
Western Oceanic
Gitua: mazai
Muduapa: mazahi
Uneapa: mazahiti
Central-Eastern Oceanic
Southeast Solomonic
Ghari: masahi
To'abaita: mataqi
Southern Oceanic
Mota: masag
North Efate: masaki
Micronesian
Marshallese: metak
Woleaian: metagi
Central Pacific
Rotuman: masa'i
Fijian: macake
Proto-Polynesian: *masaki
Proto-Nuclear Polynesian:
Proto-Eastern Polynesian:
Hawaiian: maʻi
Maori: mahaki, maki
Rapa Nui: maki
Tahitian: maʻi
Western Polynesian:
East Futuna: masaki, maki
Samoan: maʻi
Tuvaluan: mahaki
Tongic:
Niuean: maki
Tongan: mahaki, mahagi


daya

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian::

Central Malayo-Polynesian:

Central Maluku:

Asilulu: la

Boano (Maluku): la

Larike-Wakasihu: lae

Manipa: la

Kei–Tanimbar:

Fordata: daa

Yamdena: daye

Selaru:

Selaru: ra

Sumba–Flores:

Manggarai: raja

Timor–Babar:

Leti: riaa

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Oceanic: *raya

Central Pacific:

Fijian: ra, raa

Proto-Polynesian:

Hawaiian: lae

Maori: rae

St. Matthias:

Mussau-Emira: lae

Western Malayo-Polynesian:

Land Dayak:

Bau Bidayuh: doyux

North Borneo:

Proto-North Sarawak:

Baram:

Bintulu: raza

Dayic:

Kelabit: dayeh

Lun Bawang: dayeh

Kenyah:

Bakung: daya

Proto-Philippine:

Batanic:

Yami: rala

Greater Central Philippine:

Central Philippine:

Visayan:

Aklanon: eayá

Danao:

Maranao: raya

Northern Luzon:

Ilocano: dáya

Meso-Cordilleran:

Kankanaey: dáya

Sangiric:

Ratahan: raya

Sangir: dala

Chamorro: haya

Moklenic:

Moken: daya

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Malayic: *daya

Iban: dayak

Malay: daya
Indonesian: daya

Proto-South Sulawesi:

Buginese: ri aja

Makasar: raya

Selayar: raja


panas

Central Malayo-Polynesian:

Central Maluku:

Geser-Gorom: mfanas

Flores–Lembata:

Kedang: pana

Kei–Tanimbar:

Yamdena: fanas

Selaru:

Selaru: anas

Sumba–Flores:

Bima: pana

Dhao: pana

Kambera: pana, mbana

Kodi: banaha

Mamboru: banasa

Manggarai: panas

Ngadha: pana, bana

Rembong: panas

Sabu: pana

So'a: bana

Timor–Babar:

Baikeno: manas

Bilba: hana

Galoli: panas

Leti: pansa

Luang: pahene

Tetun Dili: hanas

Tugun: 'pʰana

→ Eritai: panas

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih:

Buli (Indonesia): fànas

Matbat: benis, benes

Ma'ya: ꞌbini³s

Proto-Oceanic: *panas
Central–Eastern Oceanic:
Proto-Polynesian: *fana
Hawaiian: hana
Maori: hana
Rapa Nui: hana
Tuamotuan: hana
Western Oceanic:
Kove: wanawana
Sobei: mefna

Western Malayo-Polynesian:

Basap–Greater Barito:

Basap: panas

East Barito:

Malagasy: fana

Kayanic:

Bahau: hanah

Modang: pəneə̯h, pənih (Long Gelat)

Segai: pnas

Wahau Kayan: mnæs

Land Dayak:

Rejang: paneus

North Borneo:

Central Sarawak:

Kajaman: pana

Lahanan: pana

Proto-North Sarawak:

Dayic:

Lun Bawang: pana

Bakung: pana

Penan:

Eastern Penan: pana

Western Penan: pana

Northeast Sabah:

Ida'an: panas

Proto-Philippine:

Mongondow: panat

Celebic:

Muna: fanaha

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:

Karo Batak: panas

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Bali–Sasak:

Balinese: panas, panes

Sasak: panas

Proto-Malayic: *panas
Iban: panas
Malay: panas
Indonesian: panas
Minangkabau: paneh, panaih

Sundanese: ᮕᮔᮞ᮪ (panas)

Old Javanese: panas

Javanese: ꦥꦤꦱ꧀ (panas)

Proto-South Sulawesi:

Embaloh: panas

Tae': pana'


lekas

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-kas (“swift, agile, strong, energetic”).


luas

Celebic

Saluan–Banggai

Taliabu: bala-lua

Greater Barito

Sama-Bajaw

Yakan: luwas

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Proto-Batak:

Southern

Toba Batak: luas

desctree

Old Javanese: luwĕs (“flexible”), lwā (“breadth, width”)
> Javanese: ꦭꦸꦮꦼꦱ꧀ (luwes) (inherited)
→ Indonesian: luwês
→ Balinese: ᬮᬸᬯᭂᬲ᭄ (lues)
> Javanese: ꦭ꧀ꦮ (lwa) (inherited)

Proto-Philippine: *luwas

Central Luzon

Sambalic

Abenlen Ayta: lwah

Central Philippine

Bikol

Coastal Bikol

Bikol Central: luwas

Mansakan

Mandayan

Mansaka: lowas

Tagalog: luwás

Visayan

Cebuano: luwas

Central Bisayan

Hiligaynon: luwás

Masbatenyo: luwás

Romblomanon: luwas

Western Bisayan

Aklanon: euwas

Danao

Maranao: loas

Manobo

North

Binukid: luwas

Northern Luzon

Meso-Cordilleran

Southern Cordilleran

Pangasinan: luás

Northeastern Luzon

Dupaningan Agta: luwás

Southern

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: luwas

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: luwás

Proto-Philippine: *luas (“to undress”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-South Sulawesi:

Northern

Toraja

Tae': luak

Makassaric

Makasar: luasak

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Bali-Sasak

desc

Balinese: ᬮᬸᬯᬲ᭄ (luwas, “to go”), ᬮ᭄ᬯᬲ᭄ (lwas)

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Malayic:

Iban: luas

Malay: luas

Indonesian: luas

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Oceanic:

Proto-Polynesian: *loa (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Austronesian *luas. Doublet of *luqar and *luqaR.


matakut

Northwest Sumatra-Barrier Islands

Nias: ata'u

Proto-Oceanic: *matakut

Proto-Eastern Polynesian: *mataku

Hawaiian: makaʻu

Maori: mataku

Rapa Nui: mataku

Tahitian: mataʻu

From Proto-Austronesian *matakut. Equivalent to *ma- + *takut.


(ka-)wanan

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: kannawan

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: uanan

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: kanan

Western Indonesian

Barito

Eastern Barito

Malagasy: havanana

desctree

⇒ Old Javanese: tĕṅĕn
> Javanese: ꦠꦼꦔꦼꦤ꧀ (tengen) (inherited)
→ Balinese: ᬢᭂᬗᭂᬦ᭄ (tengen)
→ Sundanese: ᮒᮨᮍᮨᮔ᮪ (tengen)

Malayo-Chamic

Malay: kanan

Indonesian: kanan

Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba-Flores

Sumba-Hawu

Sumba

Laboya: kawana


(ka-)wiʀi

Central Malayo-Polynesian:

Sumba–Flores:

Bima: ku'i

Mamboru: kalí

Laboya: kalí

Timor–Babar:

Bilba: ki

Termanu: ki

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Oceanic: *kawiʀi

Central-Eastern Oceanic: *kauʀi

Proto-Polynesian: *kauii

Ellicean–Outlier:

Nuguria: kaihi

Tahitic:

Cook Islands Maori:

Rakahanga-Manihiki: kāui

Rarotongan: kauī, kauvī

Tongarevan: kauī

French Polynesia:

Rapa: kaui

Tahitian: ʻaui

Tuamotuan: kāui

Western Oceanic:

Keapara: auli

Motu: kauri

Sinaugoro: kauli

Western Malayo-Polynesian:

Greater Barito:

East Barito:

Ma'anyan: kawi

Malagasy: havia

Sama-Bajaw:

Inabaknon: kawiri

Mapun: kayli, kili

Pangutaran Sama: kai

Proto-Philippine:

Batanic:

Yami: kaozi

Central Luzon:

Kapampangan: kaili

Northern Luzon:

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: kawihe

Limos Kalinga: kawigi

Minahasan:

Tonsea: kawii

Sangiric:

Bantik: kuihi

Sangil: ka'iri

Sangir: kaihi

Celebic:

Pamona: kaii

Moklenic:

Moken: ʔeloy

Moklen: kaːləi

Lampungic:

Abung: kirei

Komering: kiʁi

Lampung Api: kiri

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Bali–Sasak:

Sasak: kiri

Proto-Malayic: *(ka-)iri

Malay: kiri

Indonesian: kiri

Urak Lawoi': กีรี (kiri)

Old Javanese: kiri, keri, kiwa
Javanese: ꦏꦶꦮ (kiwa, “left”)
→ Banjarese: kiwa (“left”)
→ Sundanese: kiwa (“left”)
→ Balinese: ᬓᬶᬯ (kiwa, “left”)

Proto-South Sulawesi:

Makasar: kairi

Tae': kairi

left (the west side of the body when one is facing north)


cemed

Malay: comot


(ma-)tuqah

Proto-Philippine:

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: matua

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Bikol

Bikol Central: matua

Western Indonesian

Greater North Borneo

Proto-Malayic:

Malayic

Malay: tua, tuha

Brunei Malay: tua, tuha

Indonesian: tua

Old Javanese: tuha

Javanese: ꦠꦸꦮ (tuwa)

Hawaiian: makua

Maori: matua

Niuean: motua

Rapa Nui: matu'a

Rarotongan: matua

Samoan: matuā

South Marquesan: motua

Tahitian: metua

Tongan: motuʻa

Wallisian: matua

old (of a living being: having lived for relatively many years)


(ma-)basəq

Batanic

Ibatan: mavasa

Proto-Philippine: *basaq

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: basá

Pangasinan: basa

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: basâ

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: basâ

Bikol

Bikol Central: basâ

Bisayan

Central Bisayan

Hiligaynon: basâ

Cebuano: basâ

Southern Bisayan

Tausug: basa'

Danao

Maranao: basa'

Borneo

Malayo-Chamic

Proto-Malayic: *basah
Malayic
Malay: basah
Indonesian: basah
Ibanic
Iban: basah

Sundanese: baseuh

desc

Javanese: basah (“decomposed (of bodies)”)

wet (of an object: covered with or impregnated with liquid)


(ma-)bəʀəqat

Proto-Philippine: *(ma-)bəʀəqat

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: mabayat

Remontado Agta: mabâyat

Northern Luzon

Meso-Cordilleran

Nuclear Cordilleran

South Cordilleran

Western South Cordilleran

Pangasinan: ambegat

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Bisayan:

Central Bisayan:

Hiligaynon: mabug-at

Western Bisayan:

Aklanon: mabug-at

Tagalog: mabigat


(ma-)biʀaw

desctree

Proto-Malayic: *biru
Ibanic
Iban: biru
Brunei Malay: biru
Malay: biru
Indonesian: biru

Old Javanese: birū
> Javanese: ꦧꦶꦫꦸ (biru) (inherited)

West Coast Bajau: biru

Iranun: biru

Maguindanao: bilu

Makasar: biru (“green”)

Tagalog: bughaw

Makasar: gau'


(ma-)iʀaq

Hawaiian: mea

Malay: mirah (dated), merah, ميره

Indonesian: merah

Iban: mirah


(ma-)qizaw

Malayo-Chamic

Chamic

Acehnese: ijo

Malayic

Brunei Malay: hijau

Malay: hijau

Indonesian: hijau

Minangkabau: ijau

Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa

Balinese: ᬳᬶᬚᭀ (ijo)

Sasak: ējo

Javanese: ijo, hijo

Sundanese: héjo


(ma-)qitəm

Acehnese: itam

Cebuano: itom

Brunei Malay: itam

Coastal Kadazan: oitom

Indonesian: hitam

Malagasy: mainty

Malay: hitam

Minangkabau: hitam

Tagalog: itim

West Coast Bajau: irom


(ma-)kunij

West Coast Bajau: kuning

Acehnese: kuneng

Indonesian: kuning

Javanese: kuning

Brunei Malay: kuning

Madurese: koneng

Malay: kuning

Minangkabau: kuniang

Sasak: koning

Sundanese: koneng


(ma-)putiq

Acehnese: puteh

Buginese: ma-pute

Cebuano: puti

Iranun: maputi

Javanese: putih

Madurese: pote

Nias: fusi

Sasak: putiq

Tagalog: puti

West Coast Bajau: pote'

Proto-Malayic: *putih
Brunei Malay: putih
Malay: putih, puteh (1924-1972)
Indonesian: putih
Minangkabau: putiah


baqəʀu

Proto-Philippine: *baqʀu (see there for further descendants)

Basap–Barito

Sama–Bajaw

Yakan: ba'ahu, bahu

Sulu

Pangutaran Sama: bahu

Central Sama: baha'u

Southern Sama: bahau

Borneo Coast

Mapun: bahau

West Coast Bajau: bau, bahau

Indonesian Bajau: bau, babau, babao

Basap: baru

East Barito

Dusun Witu: wa'o

Ma'anyan: wa'u, ba'u

Malagasy: vao

West Barito

Ngaju: haru

North Bornean

Northeast Sabahan

Ida'an: bagku

Southwest Sabahan

Dusunic

Central Dusun: wagu

Coastal Kadazan: vagu

Rungus: vagu

Murutic

Timugon Murut: bagu

Tagal Murut: bahu

Burusu: bagu

Paitanic

Tombonuo: wagu

Upper Kinabatangan: wagu

North Sarawakan

Bintulu: vaw

Dayic

Kelabit: beruh

Lun Bawang: beruh

Central Sarawakan

Melanau

Central Melanau: ba'ou

Balingian Melanau: bahou

Kajang

Sekapan: baʔəw

Kajaman: baʔəw

Lahanan: bau

Land Dayak

Benyadu–Bekati'

Benyadu': bahu

Bekati': bahṵː

Sara: bau

Bidayuh

Bau Bidayuh: ba'uh

Biatah Bidayuh: bauh

Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh: bauh

Southern Land Dayak

Ribun: baoh

Sanggau: baoh

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Northern

Dairi Batak: rembaru, rimbaru

Karo Batak: baru

Southern

Angkola Batak: baru

Mandailing Batak: baru

Simalungun Batak: baru

Toba Batak: baru

Gayo: baru

Mentawai: bau

Nias: bohou

Simeulue: afalu

Rejang: blau

Lampungic

Lampung Api: bahyu

Moklenic

Moken: keloy

Moklen: kləi

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayo-Chamic

Proto-Chamic: *bahrɔw (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Malayic: *baharu (see there for further descendants)

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: ᬩᬯᬸ (bau)

Sasak: baru

Sumbawa: beru

Sundanese: bahayu

Old Javanese: wāhu, wahu
> Javanese: ꦮꦲꦸ (wau) (inherited)
⇒ Javanese: ꦮꦲꦺ (waé), ꦧꦲꦺ (baé), ꦲꦲꦺ (aé)

South Sulawesi

Bugis–Tamanic

Buginese: baru

Embaloh: baru

Makassaric

Makasar: beru

Seko

Seko Padang: baru

Northern

Mandar: baru

Mamuju: bakaru, bakahu

Massenrempulu

Duri: baru

Toraja

Tae': ba'ru

Toraja-Sa'dan: ba'ru, bakaru

Mamasa: bakaru

Pitu Ulunna Salu

Aralle-Tabulahan: bakahu

Bambam: bakahu

Celebic

Saluan–Banggai

Eastern

Banggai: boolu

Balantak: u'uru

Western

Saluan: buqou

Bungku–Tolaki

Eastern

Mori Bawah: wo'u, wo'ohu

Western

Interior

Mori Atas: wo'u

Padoe: woou, wo'u

West Coast

Kodeoha: wuohu

Tolaki: wo'ohu, wu'ohu

Kaili–Pamona

Northern

Da'a Kaili: bou

Pamona: wo'u

Southern

Uma: bo'u

Badaic

Bada: wóꞌu

Napu: wou

Muna–Buton

Buton

Cia-Cia: vukou

Kumbewaha: wukou

Lasalimu: wukou

Munic

Muna: bughou, bu'ou

Kioko: wu'ou

Tukangbesi–Bonerate

Bonerate: wo'ou

Tukang Besi South: ɸoʔou

Tomini–Tolitoli

Tajio: vou

Tomini: bou

Totoli: bobou

Wotu–Wolio

Wotu: warru

Wolio: baau

Laiyolo: bau

→ Selayar: bau

Chamorro: på'go

Palauan: beches

Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Bima: bou

Sumba–Flores

Laboya: beru, ber

Manggarai: weru

Rembong: waru

Flores–Lembata

Adonara: wu'u

Kei–Tanimbar

Fordata: veru

Arguni: popʷaro

Central Maluku

East Central Maluku

Banda–Geser

Geser-Gorom: wouwou

Nunusaku

Asilulu: helu

Laha (Indonesia): heru

West Central Maluku

Buru (Indonesia): fehu

Taliabu: fohu

Timoric

Galoli: heyu

Helong: balu

Kisar: worworu

Leti: waru

Tetum: foun

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

South Halmahera–West New Guinea

Mor (Austronesian): behaʔú

Waropen: boa, woa

Cenderawasih Bay

Biakic

Biak: babo

Dusner: vavou

Yapen

East

Kurudu: woru

Central–West

Ambai: vevoru, waworu

Ansus: veworu, vevoru, waworu

Munggui: baboru

Pom: vaworu

Serui-Laut: vavoru

Wandamen: vavoru, baboru

Woi: vevoru

Halmahera Sea

Ma'ya–Matbat:

Matbat: wa³w

South

Buli (Indonesia): po

Gane: pou

East Makian: powo

Proto-Oceanic: *paqoʀu (see there for further descendants)


bəʀəqat

Proto-Malayic: *bərat
Banjarese: barat
West Bornean Malayic
Ibanic
Iban: berat
Keninjal: boɣat
Mualang: bəɣát
Seberuang: bəɣat
Western Malayic Dayak
Kendayan: barat
Nuclear Malayic
Malay: berat, beghot (Natuna), beghat (Pontianak)
Indonesian: berat
Kedah Malay: beqat
Central Malay: beghat
Minangkabau: barek
Negeri Sembilan Malay: boghek
Pattani Malay: บือรฺะ (bəṛaʔ)
Urak Lawoi': บรัยจ (brac)

Old Javanese: bot, bwat, wrat
Javanese: ꦧꦺꦴꦠ꧀ (bot)
Javanese: ꦧꦺꦴꦠ꧀ (bot)
> Javanese: ꦮꦿꦠ꧀ (wrat) (inherited)

Proto-Philippine: *bəʀəqat

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: bayat

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Bisayan:

Cebuano: bug-at

Central Bisayan:

Peripheral Bisayan:

Hiligaynon: bug-at

Western Bisayan:

Aklanon: bug-at

Mansakan:

Mansaka: bugat

Tagalog: bigat

Manobo:

Central Manobo:

West Central Manobo

Western Bukidnon Manobo: begat

North Manobo:

Binukid: begat

Southern Mindoro:

Hanunoo: bug-at

Northern Luzon

Meso-Cordilleran

Southern Cordilleran

West Southern Cordilleran

Pangasinan: belat


wiʀi

Central Malayo-Polynesian:

Kedang: weri

Nauete: weli

Sika: wiri

→ Eritai: wiri

Western Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Philippine: *wiʀi

Arta: wigi

Ati: wele

Ilongot: wili

Sambali: wili

Yogad: wigi

Kedayan: weri


qitəm

Acehnese: itam

Cebuano: itom

Brunei Malay: itam

Coastal Kadazan: oitom

Indonesian: hitam

Malay: hitam, هيتم

Minangkabau: hitam

Tagalog: itim


dataʀ

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Malayic: *datar

Malay: datar
Indonesian: datar

Minangkabau: data

Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa

Balinese: ᬤᬢ (data)

Old Javanese: ratā
Javanese: ꦫꦠ (rata)
→ Balinese: ᬭᬢ (rata)
→ Malay: rata
Indonesian: rata


(ma-)qasin

Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Timor-Babar

Nuclear Timor

East Timor

Tetumic

Tetum: asin

Western Malayo-Polynesian: *(ma-)qasin

Philippine

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: asin

Visayan

Central Visayan

Peripheral Visayan

Hiligaynon: asín

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayo-Chamic

Proto-Malayic: *(mə-)hasin
Ibanic
Iban: masin
Nuclear Malayic
Malay: asin, masin
Indonesian: asin

Proto-Oceanic: *maqasin

Tongan: māsima

Samoan: māsima (“salt”)

Fijian: masima

desc

Proto-Polynesian: *masi₁ (“product of fermentation”)

Samoan: masi (“meal of fermented fruit”)

Tahitian: mahi (“meal of breadfruit”)

Maori: māhī (“to ferment”)


linaw

Philippine

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: lino

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: linaw

Bikol Central: linaw

Cebuano: linaw

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: linaw

Palawanic

Central Palawano: linew

Manobo

Dibabawon Manobo: linaw

Western Bukidnon Manobo: linew

Danao

Maranao: linaw

Sangiric: *linaw

Minahasan: *leno

Celebic

Tomini–Tolitoli

Boano (Sulawesi): nina

Muna–Buton

Muna: lino

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Central Maluku

Asilulu: lina

Oceanic: *malino

Western Oceanic

Lala (New Guinea): maino

Cheke Holo: malino

Central-Eastern Oceanic

Central Pacific

desctree

Proto-Polynesian: *malino
Hawaiian: malino
Maori: marino


bənər

Proto-Polynesian: *pono

Proto-Eastern Polynesian:

Marquesic:

Hawaiian: pono

Mangarevan: ʻapono, popono

North Marquesan: pono

Tahitic:

Maori: pono

Tahitian: pono

Tuamotuan: pono

Futunic:

Pukapukan: pono

Greater Barito:

Sama-Bajaw:

Mapun: bana, banna

Yakan: bennal

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:

Batak:

Angkola Batak: bonar

Dairi Batak: benar

Karo Batak: benar

Mandailing Batak: bonar

Toba Batak: bonor

Lampungic:

Abung: benor

Bali–Sasak-Sumbawa

Balinese: beneh, benah

Sasak: bender

Madurese: bendher

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Chamic:

Acehnese: beuna

Proto-Malayic: *bənər (see there for further descendants)

Sundanese: bener, beuneur

Old Javanese: bener

Javanese: bener


tumpul

Central Philippine

Visayan

Tausug: tumpul

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malay: tumpul


salaq

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Central Malayo-Polynesian:

Central Maluku:

Alune: sala

Asilulu: sala

Buru (Indonesia): sala

Watubela: sala

Kei–Tanimbar:

Fordata: sala

Yamdena: sale

Selaru:

Selaru: sal

Sumba–Flores:

Bima: sala

Kambera: hala

Manggarai: sala

Sabu: hala

Timor–Babar:

Bilba: sala, salak

Kisar: hala

Leti: sala

Tetun Dili: sala

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih:

Biak: sār

Buli (Indonesia): sāl

Kowiai: sala

Sawai: sole

Proto-Oceanic: *salaq
Central–Eastern Oceanic:
Central Pacific:
East Fijian–Polynesian:
Fijian: cala
Proto-Polynesian: *sala
Nuclear Polynesian:
Eastern Polynesian:
Marquesic:
Hawaiian: hala
Mangarevan: hara
North Marquesan: ha’a
South Marquesan: ha’a
Rapa Nui: hara
Tahitic:
Maori: hara
Rarotongan: ‘ara
Tahitian: hara
Tuamotuan: hara
Western Polynesian:
Ellicean–Outlier:
Kapingamarangi: hala, hara
Sikaiana: sala
Takuu: sala
Tuvaluan: hala
Futunic:
Anuta: tara
East Futuna: sala
Emae: sara
Mele-Fila: sara
Pukapukan: yala
Tikopia: sara
Samoic:
Samoan: sala
Tokelauan: hala
Tongic:
Niuafo'ou: hala
Niuean: hala
Tongan: hala
West Fijian–Rotuman:
Rotuman: sara
Western Fijian: cala
Southeast Solomonic:
'Are'are: tara
Arosi: tara
Kwaio: tala
Lau: tala
Sa'a: tala
To'abaita: tala

Western Malayo-Polynesian:

Basap–Greater Barito:

Basap: sala

East Barito:

Dusun Witu: hala'

Malagasy: salasala

Tawoyan: sala

Sama-Bajaw:

Central Sama: sā'

Mapun: sā'

Yakan: sā'

West Barito:

Bakumpai: sala

Ngaju: sala

Kayanic:

Baram Kayan: sala

Murik (Malaysia): sala'

Land Dayak:

Bekati': sara

Benyadu': sara'

Biatah Bidayuh: sarah

Rejang: salea'

North Bornean:

Central Sarawakan:

Melanau:

Central Melanau: sala'

Kanowit: sala'

Kajang:

IPA

IPA⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /çaɮaʔ/

Kajaman: sala' (IPA⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /çaɮaʔ/)

Lahanan: sala' (IPA⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /saɮaʔ/)

Sekapan: sala' (IPA⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /saɮaʔ/)

Müller-Schwaner:

Aoheng: sala'

Hovongan: sala'

Kereho: sala'

Punan:

Bukat: sala'

Punan Aput: sala'

Punan Bah-Biau: sala'

Ukit: sala'

North Sarawakan:

Dayic:

Kelabit: sala'

Lun Bawang: sala'

Kenyah: sala'

Penan:

Eastern Penan: sala'

Western Penan: sala'

Northeast Sabahan:

Bonggi: sala'

Ida'an: sala'

Southwest Sabahan:

Dusunic:

Central Dusun: sala'

Coastal Kadazan: hasa'

Kimaragang: sala

Rungus: sala

Tobilung: sala

Murutic:

Burusu: sala

Timugon Murut: sala

Paitanic:

Tombonuo: sala', sola'

Upper Kinabatangan: sala, salah

desctree

Proto-Philippine: *salaq
Batanic:
Ivatan: sala
Yami: sala
Central Luzon:
Kapampangan: sala
Greater Central Philippine:
Central Philippine:
Bikol Central: sala
Mansaka: sara
Tagalog: sala
Visayan:
Aklanon: saea
Asi: sala
Cebuano: sala
Hiligaynon: sala
Masbatenyo: sala
Romblomanon: sala
Waray-Waray: sala
Tausug: sā'
Danao:
Maranao: sala
Gorontalo–Mongondow:
Mongondow: tala
Manobo:
Binukid: sala
Western Bukidnon Manobo: sala
Palawan:
Brooke's Point Palawano: sala'
Central Tagbanwa: sala
Tagbanwa: sala'
Subanen:
Central Subanen: sala'
Kalamian:
Agutaynen: talak
Minahasan:
Tontemboan: sala
Northern Luzon:
Batad Ifugao: halla
Keley-I Kallahan: halla, hela
Tuwali Ifugao: halla
South Mindanao:
Tboli: sala
Tiruray: sala
Sangiric:
Sangir: sala

Celebic:

Balantak: sala

Banggai: sala

Da'a Kaili: sala

Muna: sala

Pamona: sala

Tajio: sala

Wolio: sala

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:

Batak:

Dairi Batak: salah

Karo Batak: salah

Simalungun Batak: salah

Toba Batak: sala

Mentawai: sele

Nias: sala

Simeulue: sala

Chamorro: sala

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Bali–Sasak:

Balinese: salah

Sasak: sala', sala

Proto-Malayic: *salah
Banjarese: salah
Ibanic:
Iban: salah
Keninjal: salah
Mualang: salah
Seberuang: salah
Malayan:
Brunei Malay: salah
Malay: salah
Indonesian: salah
Minangkabau: salah
Urak Lawoi': ซาลัฮ (salah)

Old Javanese: salah
Javanese: ꦱꦭ (sala), ꦱꦭꦃ (salah)

Proto-South Sulawesi:

Buginese: sala

Makasar: sala

Tae': sala


buʀuk

Proto-Philippine: *buʀuk

Batanic

Ibatan: voyok

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: bugúk

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Bikol Central: bugók

Cebuano: bugók

Tagalog: bugók

Manobo

Western Bukidnon Manobo: buruk

Gorontalo–Mongondow

Gorontalo: hulu'o

Sangiric

Sangir: wuhu'

Minahasan

Tontemboan: wuruk

Greater Barito

Sama–Bajaw

West Coast Bajau: buhuk

East Barito

Malagasy: vozo

North Borneo

Proto-North Sarawak:

Dayic

Kelabit: buruk

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Dairi Batak: buruk

Karo Batak: buruk

Toba Batak: buruk

Malayo-Sumbawan

Proto-Chamic: *bruʔ

Acehnese: brö'

Coastal Chamic

Haroi: prŭ

Cham: brŭk

Eastern Cham: ꨝꨴꨭꩀ (bruk)

Western Cham: prŭ

Highlands Chamic

Chru–Northern Chamic

Chru: bru

Northern Chamic

Northern Roglai: brũ

Tsat: zoʔ²⁴

Rade–Jarai

Jarai: brŭ

Rade: brŭ

Proto-Malayic: *buruk

Iban: burok

Malay: buruk
→ Cebuano: bulok
→ Tagalog: bulok
Indonesian: buruk

Minangkabau: buruak

Urak Lawoi': บูโระ (buroq)

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: buhuk

Sundanese: buruk

Old Javanese: wūk

South Sulawesi

Buginese: buru'

Tae': buruk

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Manggarai: buruk

Rembong: buruk

Sika: buruk


(ma-)wiʀi

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Oceanic: *mawiʀi

Admiralty Islands:

Manus:

Andra-Hus: kamaw

Leipon: kamaw

Western:

Seimat: kalamaw

Wuvulu-Aua: mawi

Central-Eastern Oceanic:

Central Pacific:

Fijian: mawī

Proto-Polynesian: *maui (see there for further descendants)

Micronesian:

Nauruan: edamauw

Southeast Solomonic:

Gela: mauli

Lau: maoli, mauli

Talise: maili

Southern Oceanic:

Central Vanuatu:

Neverver: mwer

North Efate: mawiri, mauri

Vao: mair

South Vanuatu:

North Tanna: mawul

Western Oceanic:

Meso-Melanesian:

Bali–Vitu:

Muduapa: mauri

Uneapa: mauri

Northwest Solomonic:

Cheke Holo: mairi

Uruava: mairi

Zabana: mairi

Papuan Tip:

Bwaidoka: aimauli

Western Malayo-Polynesian:

Celebic:

Bonerate: mohi


(ma-)buʀuk

Proto-Oceanic: *mapuʀuk

Western Oceanic:

Meso-Melanesian:

Uneapa: mapurutu

Central-Eastern Oceanic:

Central Pacific:

Proto-Polynesian: *mafu (see there for further descendants)

Southeast Solomonic:

Ghari: mambulu

Western Oceanic:

Manam: mapuru

Western Malayo-Polynesian:

Greater Barito:

Malagasy: mavozo

Proto-Philippine:

Batanic:

Itbayaten: mavoyo

Greater Central Philippine:

Central Philippine:

Bikol Central: mabugók

Sangiric:

Sangir: mawuhu'


zaqat

Proto-Philippine:

Batanic

Itbayaten: raet

Yami: rahet

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Visayan

Cebuano: dáot

Hiligaynon: dáot

Danao

Maranao: rata

Manobo

Binukid: daét

Western Bukidnon Manobo: daat

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: daút

Basap-Greater Barito

Sama-Bajaw

Central Sama: la'at

Yakan: la'at

Mapun: laat

East Barito

Dusun Deyah: daat

Dusun Witu: ra'at

Tawoyan: daat

Malagasy: ratsy

West Barito

Bakumpai: jahat

Kadorih: caat

Basap: ja'at

North Bornean

Northeast Sabah

Bonggi: doot

Ida'an: arat

Southwest Sabah

Greater Dusunic:

Central Dusun: araat

Kadazan

Coastal Kadazan: alaat

Labuk-Kinabatangan Kadazan: araat

Momogun

Kimaragang: ara'at

Minokok: araat

Rungus: araat

Tobilung: araat

Murutic

Burusu: arat

Paluan: alaat

Tagal Murut: alaat

Timugon Murut: alaat

Paitanic

Tombonuo: oraai

North Sarawakan

Bintulu: ja'es

Berawan–Lower Baram

Miriʼ: jaat

Narom: jeət

Dayic

Kelabit: da'et

Lun Bawang: daat

Long Bawan: data

Long Semado: dat

Kenyah: *jaʔət

Highland A

Lepo’ Gah: ja’et

Lepo’ Laang: jat

Lepo’ Sawa: ja’at

Highland B

Badeng: ja’at

Lepo’ Tau: ja’at

Lowland

Lebo’ Vo’: ja’at

Uma’ Pawe: ja’et

Penan

Eastern Penan: sa'at

Western Penan: saat

Central Sarawakan

Melanau-Kajang

Kajang

Kajaman: ja'at

Lahanan: ji'at, ja'at

Sekapan: ja'at

Melanau

Central Melanau: ja'et

Kanowit: je'ek

Punan: *jiət

Punan Aput: jiɛt

Punan Bah-Biau: jet

Punan Tubu: jɛt

Ukit: jiət

Kayanic: *jaʔak

Kayan-Murik

Bahau: si'ak

Busang Kayan: ja'ak

Murik (Malaysia): sa'ak (Ngorek)

Segai-Modang

Modang: aːk

Segai

Gaai: ak

Kelai: æk

Land Dayak: *jaʔat

Benyadu-Bekati

Benyadu': jahat

Bekati': jahḛ́ʼ

Bidayuh-Rejang

Hliboi Bidayuh: ja'at

Southern

Sanggau: jahat

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Karo Batak: jahat

Toba Batak: jahat

Lampungic: *jahat

Abung: jahat

Komering: jahat

Lampung Api: jahat

Malayo-Sumbawan

Proto-Chamic: *jəhaːt
Acehnese: jheut
Coastal Chamic:
Haroi: săt
Eastern Cham: jhak
Highlands Chamic:
Chru-Northern Chamic:
Chru: jəhaːʔ
Tsat: saːʔ²⁴
Bih: jhat
Jarai: sat
Rade: jhat

Proto-Malayic: *jahat
Iban: jai
Malay: jahat
Indonesian: jahat
Urak Lawoi': ฌาฮัจ (jahac)

Bali-Sasak

Balinese: jahat

Javanese: jahat

Celebic

Bonerate: da'o

Taje: jaati

Uma: dada'a

Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Flores-Lembata

Lamaholot: da'

Sumba-Flores

Komodo: da'

Manggarai: da'at

Rembong: da'at

Riung: da'at

Timoric

Tetum: aat

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Proto-Oceanic: *saqat

Western Oceanic

Meso-Melanesian

Label: saka

Muduapa: zaha

Uneapa: zaghata

Central-Eastern Oceanic

Southeast Solomonic

Arosi: ta'a

Lau: tā

Sa'a: ta'a

Southern Oceanic

Hiw: sa

North Efate: sa

Southeast Ambrym: sa

Central Pacific

Fijian: ca

Proto-Polynesian: *saqa

Futunic

East Futuna: sā

Futuna-Aniwa: sa

Mele-Fila: saa

Eastern Polynesian

Maori: hā (obsolete)

Moriori: ha

Tuamotuan: hā

* Proto-Malayo-Polynesian: *zaqat ~ *zaqət (Blust, 2008)


tazəm

Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: talím

Bikol Central: taróm

Proto-Malayic:

Malay: tajam

Indonesian: tajam

South Sulawesi

Makasar: tarang

Celebic

Wolio: tada


kəʀas

Old Javanese: kas
>? Javanese: ꦏꦱ꧀ (kas)

Malayic

Malay: keras

Indonesian: keras

Celebic

Wolio: makaa


(ma-)nipis

Central Philippine

Visayan

Cebuano: manipis

Hiligaynon: manipis

Tausug: manipis

Aklanon: manipis


p-atay

Central Philippine

Visayan

Cebuano: patay

Hiligaynon: patay

Tausug: patay


(ma-)sakit

Central Philippine

Tagalog: masakit

Visayan

Tausug: masakit


(ma-)təʀas

Central Philippine

Tagalog: matigas

Visayan

Tausug: matugas


tuqu

Proto-Philippine: *tuqu

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Bikol

Bikol Central: tuo

Bisayan

Central Bisayan

Hiligaynon: tuo

Cebuano: tuo

Southern Bisayan

Tausug: tuu

Sundanese: katuhu (< *ka-tuqu)


tuqu

Proto-Philippine: *tuqu

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: totoo

→ Kapampangan: tutu

Bisayan

Western Bisayan

Aklanon: tuo (“to believe”)

Central Bisayan

Hiligaynon: tuo (“to believe”)

Cebuano: tuo (“to believe”)

Danao

Maranao: totoo

Manobo

desc

Western Bukidnon Manobo: tuo (“to believe”)

Barito

Malagasy: tu

Old Javanese: tuhu

Javanese: tuhu

Old Sundanese: tuhu

Sundanese: tuhu


(ma-)qaləsəm

Central Philippine

Danao

Maranao: malasem

Visayan

Aklanon: maaslom

Tausug: maaslum

Waray-Waray: maaslom


ibah

Central Philippine

Visayan

Cebuano: iban


(ma-)atas

Central Philippine

Danao

Maranao: matas

Visayan

Aklanon: mataas

Cebuano: mataas

Hiligaynon: mataas

Tausug: matas


(ma-)heʀet

Central Philippine

Visayan

Tausug: mahugut


laŋu

Philippine

Tagalog: lango

Northwest Sumatra-Barrier Islands

Nias: langu

Malayic

Malay: langu


za(ŋ)kit

Proto-Malayic: *zaŋkit

desctree

Malay: jangkit
Indonesian: jangkit
North Moluccan Malay: jangke


(ma-)(h)emis

Iban: manis

Malay: manis
> Indonesian: manis (inherited)


taŋgal

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Proto-Batak:

Southern

Toba Batak: tanggal

Proto-Philippine:

Central Philipine

Bicol

Coastal Bikol

desc

Bikol Central: tanggal (“detached; disconnected; removed”)

Visayan

Cebuano: tanggal

Tagalog: tanggál

Proto-Malayic:

Malay: tanggal

Indonesian: tanggal

desctree

Old Javanese: taṅgal (“waxing (of the moon), first half of the lunar month”)
Javanese: ꦠꦁꦒꦭ꧀꧈ ꦠꦔ꧀ꦒꦭ꧀ (tanggal, “date (day and month); beginning of the lunar month”)
→ Indonesian: tanggal (“date (day and month)”)
→ Balinese: ᬢᬗ᭄ᬕᬮ᭄ (tanggal, “day, date”)


bəsuʀ

Philippine

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: busog

Bikol

Bikol Central: basog

Bisayan

Cebuano: busog

Masbatenyo: busog

Barito

Ngaju: besuh

Northwest Sumatra-Barrier Island

Batak

Karo Batak: besur

Simalungun Batak: bosur

Toba Batak: bosur

South Sulawesi

Makasar: bassoro'

Buginese: wesso', messo'

Tae': bassu


tiʀis

Philippine

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: tígis

Bikol Central: tígis

Cebuano: tígis

Danao

Maranao: tigis

Maguindanao: igis

Manobo

Binukid: tigis

Western Bukidnon Manobo: tiɣis

Minahasan: *tihis

Barito

Sama–Bajaw

Yakan: tīs

West Barito

Ngaju: hantis

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Karo Batak: tiris

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Malay: tiris
Indonesian: tiris

Celebic

Wotu–Wolio

Wolio: tiri

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Kambera: ndiri

Oceanic

Western Oceanic

North New Guinea

Manam: tí-tiri

Central-Eastern Oceanic

Southern Oceanic

Mota: tir

Central Pacific

⇒ Fijian: titi


baŋəhih

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: bang-i

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Simeulue: fangi

Malayo-Sumbawan

Chamic

Eastern Cham: bangi

Old Javanese: wangi
Javanese: wangi
→ Malay: wangi
Indonesian: wangi

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Ngadha: vangi