See taʀum in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Philippine"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Luzon"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pam",
"2": "tayum"
},
"expansion": "Kapampangan: tayum\n→ Tagalog: tayom\n→ Ilocano: tayum",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Kapampangan: tayum\n→ Tagalog: tayom\n→ Ilocano: tayum"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Greater Central Philippine"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Philippine"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bcl",
"2": "tagom",
"alt": "tágom"
},
"expansion": "Bikol Central: tágom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bikol Central: tágom"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Visayan"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ceb",
"2": "tagom",
"alt": "tágom"
},
"expansion": "Cebuano: tágom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cebuano: tágom"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "akl",
"2": "tagom",
"alt": "tagóm"
},
"expansion": "Aklanon: tagóm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aklanon: tagóm"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hil",
"2": "tagom",
"alt": "tagóm"
},
"expansion": "Hiligaynon: tagóm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hiligaynon: tagóm"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rol",
"2": "tagum",
"alt": "tāgum"
},
"expansion": "Romblomanon: tāgum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romblomanon: tāgum"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Mangyan"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hnn",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Hanunoo:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hanunoo: tágum"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Danao"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mrw",
"2": "tagom"
},
"expansion": "Maranao: tagom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Maranao: tagom"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Manobo"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mbb",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Western Bukidnon Manobo:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Western Bukidnon Manobo: taɣum"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gorontalo–Mongondow"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mog",
"2": "tagum"
},
"expansion": "Mongondow: tagum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mongondow: tagum"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sangiric"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sxn",
"2": "tahung"
},
"expansion": "Sangir: tahung",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sangir: tahung"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Barito"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Barito"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nij",
"2": "tahum"
},
"expansion": "Ngaju: tahum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ngaju: tahum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Malayo-Sumbawan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Chamic"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rad",
"2": "krŭm"
},
"expansion": "Rade: krŭm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Rade: krŭm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Malayic"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iba",
"2": "tarum"
},
"expansion": "Iban: tarum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Iban: tarum"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "tarum"
},
"expansion": "Malay: tarum\nIndonesian: tarum",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Malay: tarum\nIndonesian: tarum"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ban",
"2": "taum"
},
"expansion": "Balinese: taum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Balinese: taum"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sas",
"2": "tarum"
},
"expansion": "Sasak: tarum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sasak: tarum"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "su",
"2": "tarum"
},
"expansion": "Sundanese: tarum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sundanese: tarum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "tom"
},
"expansion": "Old Javanese: tom\nJavanese: tom\n→ Ternate: tom",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Javanese: tom\nJavanese: tom\n→ Ternate: tom"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Sulawesi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mak",
"2": "tarung"
},
"expansion": "Makasar: tarung",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Makasar: tarung"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rob",
"2": "tarun"
},
"expansion": "Tae': tarun",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tae': tarun"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Celebic"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Muna–Buton"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mnb",
"2": "tau"
},
"expansion": "Muna: tau",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Muna: tau"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Malayo-Polynesian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bhp",
"2": "dau"
},
"expansion": "Bima: dau",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bima: dau"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sumba–Flores"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mqy",
"2": "tarong"
},
"expansion": "Manggarai: tarong",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manggarai: tarong"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nxg",
"2": "taru"
},
"expansion": "Ngadha: taru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ngadha: taru"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ljl",
"2": "taru"
},
"expansion": "Li'o: taru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Li'o: taru"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Flores–Lembata"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "slp",
"2": "ta'ū"
},
"expansion": "Lamaholot: ta'ū",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lamaholot: ta'ū"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Timoric"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tetumic"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tet",
"2": "taun"
},
"expansion": "Tetum: taun",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tetum: taun"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Rote–Meto"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bpz",
"2": "tauk"
},
"expansion": "Bilba: tauk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bilba: tauk"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "och",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Chinese",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "藍",
"2": "indigo"
},
"expansion": "藍 (OC *ɡ·raːm, “indigo”)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "คราม"
},
"expansion": "Thai คราม (kraam)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ត្រុំ"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ត្រុំ (trom)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Schuessler (2007)"
},
"expansion": "Schuessler (2007)",
"name": "zh-ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare Old Chinese 藍 (OC *ɡ·raːm, “indigo”), whence Thai คราม (kraam), and possibly Khmer ត្រុំ (trom). Schuessler (2007) considers this an areal word, possibly originates in Southeast Asia.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*taʀum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"lang_code": "poz-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/taʀum",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indigo plant and dye, Indigofera suffruticosa"
],
"id": "en-taʀum-poz-pro-noun-SeqaDeU1",
"links": [
[
"indigo",
"indigo"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"dye",
"dye"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Southeast Asia"
]
}
],
"word": "taʀum"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Philippine"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Luzon"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pam",
"2": "tayum"
},
"expansion": "Kapampangan: tayum\n→ Tagalog: tayom\n→ Ilocano: tayum",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Kapampangan: tayum\n→ Tagalog: tayom\n→ Ilocano: tayum"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Greater Central Philippine"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Philippine"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bcl",
"2": "tagom",
"alt": "tágom"
},
"expansion": "Bikol Central: tágom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bikol Central: tágom"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Visayan"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ceb",
"2": "tagom",
"alt": "tágom"
},
"expansion": "Cebuano: tágom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cebuano: tágom"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "akl",
"2": "tagom",
"alt": "tagóm"
},
"expansion": "Aklanon: tagóm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aklanon: tagóm"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hil",
"2": "tagom",
"alt": "tagóm"
},
"expansion": "Hiligaynon: tagóm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hiligaynon: tagóm"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rol",
"2": "tagum",
"alt": "tāgum"
},
"expansion": "Romblomanon: tāgum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romblomanon: tāgum"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Mangyan"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hnn",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Hanunoo:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hanunoo: tágum"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Danao"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mrw",
"2": "tagom"
},
"expansion": "Maranao: tagom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Maranao: tagom"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Manobo"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mbb",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Western Bukidnon Manobo:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Western Bukidnon Manobo: taɣum"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gorontalo–Mongondow"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mog",
"2": "tagum"
},
"expansion": "Mongondow: tagum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mongondow: tagum"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sangiric"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sxn",
"2": "tahung"
},
"expansion": "Sangir: tahung",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sangir: tahung"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Barito"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Barito"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nij",
"2": "tahum"
},
"expansion": "Ngaju: tahum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ngaju: tahum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Malayo-Sumbawan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Chamic"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rad",
"2": "krŭm"
},
"expansion": "Rade: krŭm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Rade: krŭm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Malayic"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iba",
"2": "tarum"
},
"expansion": "Iban: tarum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Iban: tarum"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "tarum"
},
"expansion": "Malay: tarum\nIndonesian: tarum",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Malay: tarum\nIndonesian: tarum"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ban",
"2": "taum"
},
"expansion": "Balinese: taum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Balinese: taum"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sas",
"2": "tarum"
},
"expansion": "Sasak: tarum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sasak: tarum"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "su",
"2": "tarum"
},
"expansion": "Sundanese: tarum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sundanese: tarum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "tom"
},
"expansion": "Old Javanese: tom\nJavanese: tom\n→ Ternate: tom",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Javanese: tom\nJavanese: tom\n→ Ternate: tom"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Sulawesi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mak",
"2": "tarung"
},
"expansion": "Makasar: tarung",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Makasar: tarung"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rob",
"2": "tarun"
},
"expansion": "Tae': tarun",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tae': tarun"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Celebic"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Muna–Buton"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mnb",
"2": "tau"
},
"expansion": "Muna: tau",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Muna: tau"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Malayo-Polynesian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bhp",
"2": "dau"
},
"expansion": "Bima: dau",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bima: dau"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sumba–Flores"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mqy",
"2": "tarong"
},
"expansion": "Manggarai: tarong",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manggarai: tarong"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nxg",
"2": "taru"
},
"expansion": "Ngadha: taru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ngadha: taru"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ljl",
"2": "taru"
},
"expansion": "Li'o: taru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Li'o: taru"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Flores–Lembata"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "slp",
"2": "ta'ū"
},
"expansion": "Lamaholot: ta'ū",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lamaholot: ta'ū"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Timoric"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tetumic"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tet",
"2": "taun"
},
"expansion": "Tetum: taun",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tetum: taun"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Rote–Meto"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bpz",
"2": "tauk"
},
"expansion": "Bilba: tauk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bilba: tauk"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "och",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Chinese",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "藍",
"2": "indigo"
},
"expansion": "藍 (OC *ɡ·raːm, “indigo”)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "คราม"
},
"expansion": "Thai คราม (kraam)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "ត្រុំ"
},
"expansion": "Khmer ត្រុំ (trom)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Schuessler (2007)"
},
"expansion": "Schuessler (2007)",
"name": "zh-ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare Old Chinese 藍 (OC *ɡ·raːm, “indigo”), whence Thai คราม (kraam), and possibly Khmer ត្រុំ (trom). Schuessler (2007) considers this an areal word, possibly originates in Southeast Asia.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*taʀum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"lang_code": "poz-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/taʀum",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian lemmas",
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"indigo plant and dye, Indigofera suffruticosa"
],
"links": [
[
"indigo",
"indigo"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"dye",
"dye"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Southeast Asia"
]
}
],
"word": "taʀum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for taʀum meaning in Proto-Malayo-Polynesian (7.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Malayo-Polynesian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-09-20 using wiktextract (af5c55c and 66545a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.