See quma in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Philippine"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Luzon"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ilo",
"2": "uma",
"alt": "umá",
"t": "tract of land cleared for cultivation"
},
"expansion": "Ilocano: umá (“tract of land cleared for cultivation”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ilocano: umá (“tract of land cleared for cultivation”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Cagayan Valley"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "isd",
"2": "uma",
"alt": "umá",
"t": "to clear a patch of ground, preparing it for a rice field"
},
"expansion": "Isnag: umá (“to clear a patch of ground, preparing it for a rice field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Isnag: umá (“to clear a patch of ground, preparing it for a rice field”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itv",
"2": "uma",
"alt": "umá",
"t": "clearing"
},
"expansion": "Itawit: umá (“clearing”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Itawit: umá (“clearing”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Meso-Cordilleran"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Cordilleran"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bontoc-Kankanaey"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lbk",
"2": "oma",
"alt": "óma",
"t": "swidden; a field in an area away from the village formed by cutting and burning the vegetation"
},
"expansion": "Central Bontoc: óma (“swidden; a field in an area away from the village formed by cutting and burning the vegetation”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Bontoc: óma (“swidden; a field in an area away from the village formed by cutting and burning the vegetation”)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kne",
"2": "uma",
"alt": "umá",
"t": "field; patch; plot; piece of ground planted with camotes, beans, etc."
},
"expansion": "Kankanaey: umá (“field; patch; plot; piece of ground planted with camotes, beans, etc.”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kankanaey: umá (“field; patch; plot; piece of ground planted with camotes, beans, etc.”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ifugao"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ifb",
"2": "uma",
"alt": "ūma",
"t": "upland field; swidden, using a slash-and-burn agricultural technique"
},
"expansion": "Batad Ifugao: ūma (“upland field; swidden, using a slash-and-burn agricultural technique”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Batad Ifugao: ūma (“upland field; swidden, using a slash-and-burn agricultural technique”)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ifk",
"2": "uma",
"t": "a cleared uncultivated or forested area; swidden"
},
"expansion": "Tuwali Ifugao: uma (“a cleared uncultivated or forested area; swidden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tuwali Ifugao: uma (“a cleared uncultivated or forested area; swidden”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Cordilleran"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kyj",
"2": "oma",
"t": "mountainside garden"
},
"expansion": "Karao: oma (“mountainside garden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karao: oma (“mountainside garden”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ify",
"2": "uma",
"t": "a cleared, uncultivated or forested area"
},
"expansion": "Keley-I Kallahan: uma (“a cleared, uncultivated or forested area”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Keley-I Kallahan: uma (“a cleared, uncultivated or forested area”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northeastern Luzon"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dgc",
"2": "uma",
"alt": "umá",
"t": "swidden; field; farm; plantation; homestead"
},
"expansion": "Casiguran Dumagat Agta: umá (“swidden; field; farm; plantation; homestead”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Casiguran Dumagat Agta: umá (“swidden; field; farm; plantation; homestead”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Greater Central Philippine"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Philippine"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bcl",
"2": "uma",
"alt": "umá",
"t": "farm; field"
},
"expansion": "Bikol Central: umá (“farm; field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bikol Central: umá (“farm; field”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bisayan"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ceb",
"2": "uma",
"t": "farm"
},
"expansion": "Cebuano: uma (“farm”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cebuano: uma (“farm”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bno",
"2": "uma",
"alt": "umá",
"t": "farm"
},
"expansion": "Asi: umá (“farm”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asi: umá (“farm”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Bisayan"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rol",
"2": "uma",
"alt": "'uma",
"t": "upland field"
},
"expansion": "Romblomanon: 'uma (“upland field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romblomanon: 'uma (“upland field”)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "msb",
"2": "uma",
"t": "farm; cultivated field"
},
"expansion": "Masbatenyo: uma (“farm; cultivated field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Masbatenyo: uma (“farm; cultivated field”)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "war",
"2": "uma",
"alt": "umá",
"t": "agriculture; clearing; country; farm; field; grange; homestead; spot"
},
"expansion": "Waray-Waray: umá (“agriculture; clearing; country; farm; field; grange; homestead; spot”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Waray-Waray: umá (“agriculture; clearing; country; farm; field; grange; homestead; spot”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Bisayan"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "akl",
"2": "uma",
"alt": "umá",
"t": "farm"
},
"expansion": "Aklanon: umá (“farm”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aklanon: umá (“farm”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Bisayan"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tsg",
"2": "uma",
"t": "a cultivated field or farm; rice field"
},
"expansion": "Tausug: uma (“a cultivated field or farm; rice field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tausug: uma (“a cultivated field or farm; rice field”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Manobo"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "msm",
"2": "uma",
"alt": "u'ma",
"t": "farm; field"
},
"expansion": "Agusan Manobo: u'ma (“farm; field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Agusan Manobo: u'ma (“farm; field”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Danao"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mrw",
"2": "oma",
"t": "farm; field; meadow"
},
"expansion": "Maranao: oma (“farm; field; meadow”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Maranao: oma (“farm; field; meadow”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Palawanic"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "plw",
"2": "uma",
"t": "garden, field for growing crops, primarily rice crops"
},
"expansion": "Brooke's Point Palawano: uma (“garden, field for growing crops, primarily rice crops”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Brooke's Point Palawano: uma (“garden, field for growing crops, primarily rice crops”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "plc",
"2": "uma",
"t": "field; swidden; garden; slash-and-burn field"
},
"expansion": "Central Palawano: uma (“field; swidden; garden; slash-and-burn field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Palawano: uma (“field; swidden; garden; slash-and-burn field”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tbw",
"2": "uma",
"t": "upland rice or corn field"
},
"expansion": "Tagbanwa: uma (“upland rice or corn field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aborlan Tagbanwa: uma (“upland rice or corn field”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kalamian"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tbk",
"2": "kuma",
"t": "swidden"
},
"expansion": "Calamian Tagbanwa: kuma (“swidden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Calamian Tagbanwa: kuma (“swidden”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "agn",
"2": "koma",
"t": "farm; fields, specifically rice fields"
},
"expansion": "Agutaynen: koma (“farm; fields, specifically rice fields”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Agutaynen: koma (“farm; fields, specifically rice fields”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Minahasan"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tnt",
"2": "uma",
"t": "garden; swidden; dry rice field"
},
"expansion": "Tontemboan: uma (“garden; swidden; dry rice field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tontemboan: uma (“garden; swidden; dry rice field”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txs",
"2": "uma",
"t": "farm, field"
},
"expansion": "Tonsea: uma (“farm, field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tonsea: uma (“farm, field”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tdn",
"2": "uma",
"t": "farm, field"
},
"expansion": "Tondano: uma (“farm, field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tondano: uma (“farm, field”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Bornean"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northeast Sabahan"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bdg",
"2": "uma",
"t": "dry rice field"
},
"expansion": "Bonggi: uma (“dry rice field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bonggi: uma (“dry rice field”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dbj",
"2": "umo",
"t": "dry rice field"
},
"expansion": "Ida'an: umo (“dry rice field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ida'an: umo (“dry rice field”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southwest Sabahan"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Dusunic"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dtp",
"2": "tumo",
"t": "farm"
},
"expansion": "Central Dusun: tumo (“farm”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Dusun: tumo (“farm”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kzj",
"2": "tumo",
"t": "farm; hill rice field"
},
"expansion": "Coastal Kadazan: tumo (“farm; hill rice field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Coastal Kadazan: tumo (“farm; hill rice field”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Momogun"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "drg",
"2": "umo",
"t": "hill rice field"
},
"expansion": "Rungus: umo (“hill rice field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Rungus: umo (“hill rice field”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kqr",
"2": "tumo",
"t": "dry rice field"
},
"expansion": "Kimaragang: tumo (“dry rice field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kimaragang: tumo (“dry rice field”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Sarawakan"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Berawan–Lower Baram"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrm",
"2": "umah",
"t": "grass"
},
"expansion": "Narom: umah (“grass”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Narom: umah (“grass”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kyi",
"2": "uməh",
"t": "grass"
},
"expansion": "Kiput: uməh (“grass”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kiput: uməh (“grass”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kenyah"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xkl",
"2": "uma",
"t": "rice field; swidden"
},
"expansion": "Bakung: uma (“rice field; swidden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bakung: uma (“rice field; swidden”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Sarawakan"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mel",
"2": "uma",
"t": "cultivated field"
},
"expansion": "Central Melanau: uma (“cultivated field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Melanau: uma (“cultivated field”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szd",
"2": "umoh",
"t": "swidden"
},
"expansion": "Seru: umoh (“swidden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Seru: umoh (“swidden”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Land Dayak"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Benyadu–Bekati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "byd",
"2": "uma'",
"t": "field"
},
"expansion": "Benyadu': uma' (“field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Benyadu': uma' (“field”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bei",
"2": "uma'",
"t": "field"
},
"expansion": "Bekati': uma' (“field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bekati': uma' (“field”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lra",
"2": "umak",
"t": "wet field"
},
"expansion": "Rara Bakati': umak (“wet field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Rara Bakati': umak (“wet field”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sre",
"2": "uma'",
"t": "field"
},
"expansion": "Sara: uma' (“field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sara: uma' (“field”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bidayuh"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sne",
"2": "umoh",
"t": "farm, field"
},
"expansion": "Bau Bidayuh: umoh (“farm, field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bau Bidayuh: umoh (“farm, field”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bth",
"2": "ŭmŭh",
"t": "farm, field"
},
"expansion": "Biatah Bidayuh: ŭmŭh (“farm, field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Biatah Bidayuh: ŭmŭh (“farm, field”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sdo",
"2": "umŭh//umūh",
"t": "farm, field, especially paddy field"
},
"expansion": "Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh: umŭh /umūh (“farm, field, especially paddy field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh: umŭh /umūh (“farm, field, especially paddy field”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Moken–Moklen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mwt",
"2": "koma",
"t": "garden; clearing"
},
"expansion": "Moken: koma (“garden; clearing”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Moken: koma (“garden; clearing”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Nortwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Batak"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Batak"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "btx",
"2": "uma"
},
"expansion": "Karo Batak: uma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karo Batak: uma / huma (“field; farm”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Batak"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bts",
"2": "juma",
"t": "field; rice field"
},
"expansion": "Simalungun Batak: juma (“field; rice field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Simalungun Batak: juma (“field; rice field”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bbc",
"2": "uma",
"t": "field; rice field"
},
"expansion": "Toba Batak: uma (“field; rice field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Toba Batak: uma (“field; rice field”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "akb",
"2": "huma",
"t": "cultivated field"
},
"expansion": "Angkola Batak: huma (“cultivated field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Angkola Batak: huma (“cultivated field”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "btm",
"2": "huma",
"t": "cultivated field"
},
"expansion": "Mandailing Batak: huma (“cultivated field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mandailing Batak: huma (“cultivated field”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Malayo-Sumbawan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cmc-pro",
"2": "*huma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Chamic: *huma\nAcehnese: umeung\nCoastal Chamic\nCham\nEastern Cham: ꨨꨠꨭꨩ (hamu)\nWestern Cham: حامو (hamu)\nHaroi: hơmɨa\nHighlands Chamic\nChru–Northern Chamic\nChru: hơma\nNorthern Chamic\nNorthern Roglai: humã\nTsat: ma³³\nJarai–Rhade\nJarai: hơma\nRade: hma\nBih: uma",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Chamic: *huma\nAcehnese: umeung\nCoastal Chamic\nCham\nEastern Cham: ꨨꨠꨭꨩ (hamu)\nWestern Cham: حامو (hamu)\nHaroi: hơmɨa\nHighlands Chamic\nChru–Northern Chamic\nChru: hơma\nNorthern Chamic\nNorthern Roglai: humã\nTsat: ma³³\nJarai–Rhade\nJarai: hơma\nRade: hma\nBih: uma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-mly-pro",
"2": "*huma(ʔ)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayic: *huma(ʔ)\nBanjarese: huma\nWest Bornean Malayic\nIbanic\nIban: umai\nRemun: umai\nMualang: uma\nSeberuang: uma\nWestern Malayic Dayak\nKendayan: uma\nNuclear Malayic\nMalay: huma\nIndonesian: huma\nCentral Malay: umo\nMinangkabau: humo, umo\nPattani Malay: ฮูมอ (humɔ)\nUrak Lawoi': ฮูมา (huma)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Malayic: *huma(ʔ)\nBanjarese: huma\nWest Bornean Malayic\nIbanic\nIban: umai\nRemun: umai\nMualang: uma\nSeberuang: uma\nWestern Malayic Dayak\nKendayan: uma\nNuclear Malayic\nMalay: huma\nIndonesian: huma\nCentral Malay: umo\nMinangkabau: humo, umo\nPattani Malay: ฮูมอ (humɔ)\nUrak Lawoi': ฮูมา (huma)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "su",
"2": "huma"
},
"expansion": "Sundanese: huma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sundanese: huma / ᮠᮥᮙ (huma, “swidden, dry rice field”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ban",
"2": "uma"
},
"expansion": "Balinese: uma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Balinese: uma / ᬳᬸᬫ (“field; rice field; arable land”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smw",
"2": "uma",
"t": "rice field"
},
"expansion": "Sumbawa: uma (“rice field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sumbawa: uma (“rice field”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Sulawesi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern South Sulawesi"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mdr",
"2": "uma",
"t": "garden; cultivated field; dry rice field"
},
"expansion": "Mandar: uma (“garden; cultivated field; dry rice field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mandar: uma (“garden; cultivated field; dry rice field”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Massenrempulu"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mvp",
"2": "uma",
"t": "field; garden"
},
"expansion": "Duri: uma (“field; garden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Duri: uma (“field; garden”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ptt",
"2": "uma",
"t": "field; garden"
},
"expansion": "Enrekang: uma (“field; garden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Enrekang: uma (“field; garden”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Toraja"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sda",
"2": "uma",
"t": "rice field"
},
"expansion": "Toraja-Sa'dan: uma (“rice field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Toraja-Sa'dan: uma (“rice field”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rob",
"2": "uma",
"t": "rice field"
},
"expansion": "Tae': uma (“rice field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tae': uma (“rice field”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bugis–Tamanic"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bug",
"2": "uma",
"t": "field"
},
"expansion": "Buginese: uma (“field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Buginese: uma (“field”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "emb",
"2": "uma",
"t": "swidden"
},
"expansion": "Embaloh: uma (“swidden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Embaloh: uma (“swidden”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Malayo-Polynesian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bhp",
"2": "oma",
"t": "cultivated field"
},
"expansion": "Bima: oma (“cultivated field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bima: oma (“cultivated field”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sumba–Flores"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mqy",
"2": "uma",
"t": "garden, cultivated field; clear away underbrush before felling large trees in making a new swidden"
},
"expansion": "Manggarai: uma (“garden, cultivated field; clear away underbrush before felling large trees in making a new swidden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manggarai: uma (“garden, cultivated field; clear away underbrush before felling large trees in making a new swidden”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nxg",
"2": "uma",
"t": "field"
},
"expansion": "Ngadha: uma (“field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ngadha: uma (“field”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Flores–Lembata"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ski",
"2": "uma",
"t": "garden; field"
},
"expansion": "Sika: uma (“garden; field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sika: uma (“garden; field”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Maluku"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wah",
"2": "kuma",
"t": "kuma"
},
"expansion": "Watubela: kuma (“kuma”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Watubela: kuma (“kuma”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kwh",
"2": "um",
"t": "garden; plot"
},
"expansion": "Kowiai: um (“garden; plot”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kowiai: um (“garden; plot”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-oce-pro",
"2": "*quma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Oceanic: *quma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Oceanic: *quma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Western Oceanic"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Meso-Melanesian"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tungag–Nalik"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tgc",
"2": "uma",
"t": "garden"
},
"expansion": "Tigak: uma (“garden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tigak: uma (“garden”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Madak"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mmx",
"2": "uma",
"t": "garden"
},
"expansion": "Madak: uma (“garden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Madak: uma (“garden”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "St. George"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ksd",
"2": "uma",
"t": "plantation; field"
},
"expansion": "Tolai: uma (“plantation; field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tolai: uma (“plantation; field”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northwest Solomonic"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rug",
"2": "uma",
"t": "make a garden"
},
"expansion": "Roviana: uma (“make a garden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Roviana: uma (“make a garden”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "North New Guinea"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ngero–Vitiaz"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ngero"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kvc",
"2": "umo",
"t": "garden"
},
"expansion": "Kove: umo (“garden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kove: umo (“garden”)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ggt",
"2": "umwa",
"t": "garden"
},
"expansion": "Gitua: umwa (“garden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gitua: umwa (“garden”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Vitiaz"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ssz",
"2": "kum",
"t": "to work in the garden"
},
"expansion": "Sengseng: kum (“to work in the garden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sengseng: kum (“to work in the garden”)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gdd",
"2": "um",
"t": "garden; field; plantation; cultivated land"
},
"expansion": "Gedaged: um (“garden; field; plantation; cultivated land”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gedaged: um (“garden; field; plantation; cultivated land”)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mna",
"2": "kuma",
"t": "soil which is ready for gardening (after burning)"
},
"expansion": "Mbula: kuma (“soil which is ready for gardening (after burning)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mbula: kuma (“soil which is ready for gardening (after burning)”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Schouten"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mva",
"2": "uma",
"t": "garden"
},
"expansion": "Manam: uma (“garden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manam: uma (“garden”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Huon Gulf"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sij",
"2": "uma",
"t": "garden"
},
"expansion": "Numbami: uma (“garden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Numbami: uma (“garden”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Papuan Tip"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Papuan Tip"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "meu",
"2": "uma",
"t": "garden; an enclosed cultivated plot"
},
"expansion": "Motu: uma (“garden; an enclosed cultivated plot”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Motu: uma (“garden; an enclosed cultivated plot”)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ho",
"2": "uma",
"t": "garden"
},
"expansion": "Hiri Motu: uma (“garden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hiri Motu: uma (“garden”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Nuclear Papuan Tip"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Dobu–Duau"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mox",
"2": "ʔuma",
"t": "planted garden"
},
"expansion": "Molima: ʔuma (“planted garden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Molima: ʔuma (“planted garden”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Suauic"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sbe",
"2": "kuma",
"t": "to plant"
},
"expansion": "Saliba (New Guinea): kuma (“to plant”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saliba (New Guinea): kuma (“to plant”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central–Eastern Oceanic"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Oceanic"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mtt",
"2": "umwa",
"t": "clear away growth from a garden, the first stage in preparation"
},
"expansion": "Mota: umwa (“clear away growth from a garden, the first stage in preparation”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mota: umwa (“clear away growth from a garden, the first stage in preparation”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southeast Solomonic"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bugotu–Nggela"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nlg",
"2": "uma",
"t": "clear away the bushes in making a garden"
},
"expansion": "Gela: uma (“clear away the bushes in making a garden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gela: uma (“clear away the bushes in making a garden”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Malaita–Makira"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alu",
"2": "umaa",
"t": "clear the undergrowth when commencing a new garden"
},
"expansion": "'Are'are: umaa (“clear the undergrowth when commencing a new garden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "'Are'are: umaa (“clear the undergrowth when commencing a new garden”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aia",
"2": "umwa",
"t": "to weed a garden"
},
"expansion": "Arosi: umwa (“to weed a garden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Arosi: umwa (“to weed a garden”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Pacific"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Polynesian"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mnv",
"2": "‘umanga",
"t": "garden, as for yams or taro"
},
"expansion": "Rennellese: ‘umanga (“garden, as for yams or taro”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Rennellese: ‘umanga (“garden, as for yams or taro”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-pro",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*qumah",
"4": "",
"5": "swidden",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *qumah (“swidden”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-pro",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*qumah",
"4": "",
"5": "swidden"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *qumah (“swidden”)",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *qumah (“swidden”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*quma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"lang_code": "poz-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/quma",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"farm"
],
"id": "en-quma-poz-pro-noun-yM9wHzCt",
"links": [
[
"farm",
"farm"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "quma"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Philippine"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Luzon"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ilo",
"2": "uma",
"alt": "umá",
"t": "tract of land cleared for cultivation"
},
"expansion": "Ilocano: umá (“tract of land cleared for cultivation”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ilocano: umá (“tract of land cleared for cultivation”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Cagayan Valley"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "isd",
"2": "uma",
"alt": "umá",
"t": "to clear a patch of ground, preparing it for a rice field"
},
"expansion": "Isnag: umá (“to clear a patch of ground, preparing it for a rice field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Isnag: umá (“to clear a patch of ground, preparing it for a rice field”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itv",
"2": "uma",
"alt": "umá",
"t": "clearing"
},
"expansion": "Itawit: umá (“clearing”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Itawit: umá (“clearing”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Meso-Cordilleran"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Cordilleran"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bontoc-Kankanaey"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lbk",
"2": "oma",
"alt": "óma",
"t": "swidden; a field in an area away from the village formed by cutting and burning the vegetation"
},
"expansion": "Central Bontoc: óma (“swidden; a field in an area away from the village formed by cutting and burning the vegetation”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Bontoc: óma (“swidden; a field in an area away from the village formed by cutting and burning the vegetation”)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kne",
"2": "uma",
"alt": "umá",
"t": "field; patch; plot; piece of ground planted with camotes, beans, etc."
},
"expansion": "Kankanaey: umá (“field; patch; plot; piece of ground planted with camotes, beans, etc.”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kankanaey: umá (“field; patch; plot; piece of ground planted with camotes, beans, etc.”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ifugao"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ifb",
"2": "uma",
"alt": "ūma",
"t": "upland field; swidden, using a slash-and-burn agricultural technique"
},
"expansion": "Batad Ifugao: ūma (“upland field; swidden, using a slash-and-burn agricultural technique”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Batad Ifugao: ūma (“upland field; swidden, using a slash-and-burn agricultural technique”)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ifk",
"2": "uma",
"t": "a cleared uncultivated or forested area; swidden"
},
"expansion": "Tuwali Ifugao: uma (“a cleared uncultivated or forested area; swidden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tuwali Ifugao: uma (“a cleared uncultivated or forested area; swidden”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Cordilleran"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kyj",
"2": "oma",
"t": "mountainside garden"
},
"expansion": "Karao: oma (“mountainside garden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karao: oma (“mountainside garden”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ify",
"2": "uma",
"t": "a cleared, uncultivated or forested area"
},
"expansion": "Keley-I Kallahan: uma (“a cleared, uncultivated or forested area”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Keley-I Kallahan: uma (“a cleared, uncultivated or forested area”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northeastern Luzon"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dgc",
"2": "uma",
"alt": "umá",
"t": "swidden; field; farm; plantation; homestead"
},
"expansion": "Casiguran Dumagat Agta: umá (“swidden; field; farm; plantation; homestead”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Casiguran Dumagat Agta: umá (“swidden; field; farm; plantation; homestead”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Greater Central Philippine"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Philippine"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bcl",
"2": "uma",
"alt": "umá",
"t": "farm; field"
},
"expansion": "Bikol Central: umá (“farm; field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bikol Central: umá (“farm; field”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bisayan"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ceb",
"2": "uma",
"t": "farm"
},
"expansion": "Cebuano: uma (“farm”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cebuano: uma (“farm”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bno",
"2": "uma",
"alt": "umá",
"t": "farm"
},
"expansion": "Asi: umá (“farm”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asi: umá (“farm”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Bisayan"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rol",
"2": "uma",
"alt": "'uma",
"t": "upland field"
},
"expansion": "Romblomanon: 'uma (“upland field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romblomanon: 'uma (“upland field”)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "msb",
"2": "uma",
"t": "farm; cultivated field"
},
"expansion": "Masbatenyo: uma (“farm; cultivated field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Masbatenyo: uma (“farm; cultivated field”)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "war",
"2": "uma",
"alt": "umá",
"t": "agriculture; clearing; country; farm; field; grange; homestead; spot"
},
"expansion": "Waray-Waray: umá (“agriculture; clearing; country; farm; field; grange; homestead; spot”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Waray-Waray: umá (“agriculture; clearing; country; farm; field; grange; homestead; spot”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Bisayan"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "akl",
"2": "uma",
"alt": "umá",
"t": "farm"
},
"expansion": "Aklanon: umá (“farm”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aklanon: umá (“farm”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Bisayan"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tsg",
"2": "uma",
"t": "a cultivated field or farm; rice field"
},
"expansion": "Tausug: uma (“a cultivated field or farm; rice field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tausug: uma (“a cultivated field or farm; rice field”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Manobo"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "msm",
"2": "uma",
"alt": "u'ma",
"t": "farm; field"
},
"expansion": "Agusan Manobo: u'ma (“farm; field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Agusan Manobo: u'ma (“farm; field”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Danao"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mrw",
"2": "oma",
"t": "farm; field; meadow"
},
"expansion": "Maranao: oma (“farm; field; meadow”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Maranao: oma (“farm; field; meadow”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Palawanic"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "plw",
"2": "uma",
"t": "garden, field for growing crops, primarily rice crops"
},
"expansion": "Brooke's Point Palawano: uma (“garden, field for growing crops, primarily rice crops”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Brooke's Point Palawano: uma (“garden, field for growing crops, primarily rice crops”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "plc",
"2": "uma",
"t": "field; swidden; garden; slash-and-burn field"
},
"expansion": "Central Palawano: uma (“field; swidden; garden; slash-and-burn field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Palawano: uma (“field; swidden; garden; slash-and-burn field”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tbw",
"2": "uma",
"t": "upland rice or corn field"
},
"expansion": "Tagbanwa: uma (“upland rice or corn field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aborlan Tagbanwa: uma (“upland rice or corn field”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kalamian"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tbk",
"2": "kuma",
"t": "swidden"
},
"expansion": "Calamian Tagbanwa: kuma (“swidden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Calamian Tagbanwa: kuma (“swidden”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "agn",
"2": "koma",
"t": "farm; fields, specifically rice fields"
},
"expansion": "Agutaynen: koma (“farm; fields, specifically rice fields”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Agutaynen: koma (“farm; fields, specifically rice fields”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Minahasan"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tnt",
"2": "uma",
"t": "garden; swidden; dry rice field"
},
"expansion": "Tontemboan: uma (“garden; swidden; dry rice field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tontemboan: uma (“garden; swidden; dry rice field”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txs",
"2": "uma",
"t": "farm, field"
},
"expansion": "Tonsea: uma (“farm, field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tonsea: uma (“farm, field”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tdn",
"2": "uma",
"t": "farm, field"
},
"expansion": "Tondano: uma (“farm, field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tondano: uma (“farm, field”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Bornean"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northeast Sabahan"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bdg",
"2": "uma",
"t": "dry rice field"
},
"expansion": "Bonggi: uma (“dry rice field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bonggi: uma (“dry rice field”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dbj",
"2": "umo",
"t": "dry rice field"
},
"expansion": "Ida'an: umo (“dry rice field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ida'an: umo (“dry rice field”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southwest Sabahan"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Dusunic"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dtp",
"2": "tumo",
"t": "farm"
},
"expansion": "Central Dusun: tumo (“farm”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Dusun: tumo (“farm”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kzj",
"2": "tumo",
"t": "farm; hill rice field"
},
"expansion": "Coastal Kadazan: tumo (“farm; hill rice field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Coastal Kadazan: tumo (“farm; hill rice field”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Momogun"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "drg",
"2": "umo",
"t": "hill rice field"
},
"expansion": "Rungus: umo (“hill rice field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Rungus: umo (“hill rice field”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kqr",
"2": "tumo",
"t": "dry rice field"
},
"expansion": "Kimaragang: tumo (“dry rice field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kimaragang: tumo (“dry rice field”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Sarawakan"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Berawan–Lower Baram"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrm",
"2": "umah",
"t": "grass"
},
"expansion": "Narom: umah (“grass”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Narom: umah (“grass”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kyi",
"2": "uməh",
"t": "grass"
},
"expansion": "Kiput: uməh (“grass”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kiput: uməh (“grass”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kenyah"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xkl",
"2": "uma",
"t": "rice field; swidden"
},
"expansion": "Bakung: uma (“rice field; swidden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bakung: uma (“rice field; swidden”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Sarawakan"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mel",
"2": "uma",
"t": "cultivated field"
},
"expansion": "Central Melanau: uma (“cultivated field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Melanau: uma (“cultivated field”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szd",
"2": "umoh",
"t": "swidden"
},
"expansion": "Seru: umoh (“swidden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Seru: umoh (“swidden”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Land Dayak"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Benyadu–Bekati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "byd",
"2": "uma'",
"t": "field"
},
"expansion": "Benyadu': uma' (“field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Benyadu': uma' (“field”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bei",
"2": "uma'",
"t": "field"
},
"expansion": "Bekati': uma' (“field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bekati': uma' (“field”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lra",
"2": "umak",
"t": "wet field"
},
"expansion": "Rara Bakati': umak (“wet field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Rara Bakati': umak (“wet field”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sre",
"2": "uma'",
"t": "field"
},
"expansion": "Sara: uma' (“field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sara: uma' (“field”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bidayuh"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sne",
"2": "umoh",
"t": "farm, field"
},
"expansion": "Bau Bidayuh: umoh (“farm, field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bau Bidayuh: umoh (“farm, field”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bth",
"2": "ŭmŭh",
"t": "farm, field"
},
"expansion": "Biatah Bidayuh: ŭmŭh (“farm, field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Biatah Bidayuh: ŭmŭh (“farm, field”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sdo",
"2": "umŭh//umūh",
"t": "farm, field, especially paddy field"
},
"expansion": "Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh: umŭh /umūh (“farm, field, especially paddy field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh: umŭh /umūh (“farm, field, especially paddy field”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Moken–Moklen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mwt",
"2": "koma",
"t": "garden; clearing"
},
"expansion": "Moken: koma (“garden; clearing”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Moken: koma (“garden; clearing”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Nortwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Batak"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Batak"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "btx",
"2": "uma"
},
"expansion": "Karo Batak: uma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karo Batak: uma / huma (“field; farm”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Batak"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bts",
"2": "juma",
"t": "field; rice field"
},
"expansion": "Simalungun Batak: juma (“field; rice field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Simalungun Batak: juma (“field; rice field”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bbc",
"2": "uma",
"t": "field; rice field"
},
"expansion": "Toba Batak: uma (“field; rice field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Toba Batak: uma (“field; rice field”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "akb",
"2": "huma",
"t": "cultivated field"
},
"expansion": "Angkola Batak: huma (“cultivated field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Angkola Batak: huma (“cultivated field”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "btm",
"2": "huma",
"t": "cultivated field"
},
"expansion": "Mandailing Batak: huma (“cultivated field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mandailing Batak: huma (“cultivated field”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Malayo-Sumbawan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cmc-pro",
"2": "*huma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Chamic: *huma\nAcehnese: umeung\nCoastal Chamic\nCham\nEastern Cham: ꨨꨠꨭꨩ (hamu)\nWestern Cham: حامو (hamu)\nHaroi: hơmɨa\nHighlands Chamic\nChru–Northern Chamic\nChru: hơma\nNorthern Chamic\nNorthern Roglai: humã\nTsat: ma³³\nJarai–Rhade\nJarai: hơma\nRade: hma\nBih: uma",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Chamic: *huma\nAcehnese: umeung\nCoastal Chamic\nCham\nEastern Cham: ꨨꨠꨭꨩ (hamu)\nWestern Cham: حامو (hamu)\nHaroi: hơmɨa\nHighlands Chamic\nChru–Northern Chamic\nChru: hơma\nNorthern Chamic\nNorthern Roglai: humã\nTsat: ma³³\nJarai–Rhade\nJarai: hơma\nRade: hma\nBih: uma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-mly-pro",
"2": "*huma(ʔ)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayic: *huma(ʔ)\nBanjarese: huma\nWest Bornean Malayic\nIbanic\nIban: umai\nRemun: umai\nMualang: uma\nSeberuang: uma\nWestern Malayic Dayak\nKendayan: uma\nNuclear Malayic\nMalay: huma\nIndonesian: huma\nCentral Malay: umo\nMinangkabau: humo, umo\nPattani Malay: ฮูมอ (humɔ)\nUrak Lawoi': ฮูมา (huma)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Malayic: *huma(ʔ)\nBanjarese: huma\nWest Bornean Malayic\nIbanic\nIban: umai\nRemun: umai\nMualang: uma\nSeberuang: uma\nWestern Malayic Dayak\nKendayan: uma\nNuclear Malayic\nMalay: huma\nIndonesian: huma\nCentral Malay: umo\nMinangkabau: humo, umo\nPattani Malay: ฮูมอ (humɔ)\nUrak Lawoi': ฮูมา (huma)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "su",
"2": "huma"
},
"expansion": "Sundanese: huma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sundanese: huma / ᮠᮥᮙ (huma, “swidden, dry rice field”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ban",
"2": "uma"
},
"expansion": "Balinese: uma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Balinese: uma / ᬳᬸᬫ (“field; rice field; arable land”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smw",
"2": "uma",
"t": "rice field"
},
"expansion": "Sumbawa: uma (“rice field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sumbawa: uma (“rice field”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Sulawesi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern South Sulawesi"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mdr",
"2": "uma",
"t": "garden; cultivated field; dry rice field"
},
"expansion": "Mandar: uma (“garden; cultivated field; dry rice field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mandar: uma (“garden; cultivated field; dry rice field”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Massenrempulu"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mvp",
"2": "uma",
"t": "field; garden"
},
"expansion": "Duri: uma (“field; garden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Duri: uma (“field; garden”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ptt",
"2": "uma",
"t": "field; garden"
},
"expansion": "Enrekang: uma (“field; garden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Enrekang: uma (“field; garden”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Toraja"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sda",
"2": "uma",
"t": "rice field"
},
"expansion": "Toraja-Sa'dan: uma (“rice field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Toraja-Sa'dan: uma (“rice field”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rob",
"2": "uma",
"t": "rice field"
},
"expansion": "Tae': uma (“rice field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tae': uma (“rice field”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bugis–Tamanic"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bug",
"2": "uma",
"t": "field"
},
"expansion": "Buginese: uma (“field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Buginese: uma (“field”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "emb",
"2": "uma",
"t": "swidden"
},
"expansion": "Embaloh: uma (“swidden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Embaloh: uma (“swidden”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Malayo-Polynesian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bhp",
"2": "oma",
"t": "cultivated field"
},
"expansion": "Bima: oma (“cultivated field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bima: oma (“cultivated field”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sumba–Flores"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mqy",
"2": "uma",
"t": "garden, cultivated field; clear away underbrush before felling large trees in making a new swidden"
},
"expansion": "Manggarai: uma (“garden, cultivated field; clear away underbrush before felling large trees in making a new swidden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manggarai: uma (“garden, cultivated field; clear away underbrush before felling large trees in making a new swidden”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nxg",
"2": "uma",
"t": "field"
},
"expansion": "Ngadha: uma (“field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ngadha: uma (“field”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Flores–Lembata"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ski",
"2": "uma",
"t": "garden; field"
},
"expansion": "Sika: uma (“garden; field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sika: uma (“garden; field”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Maluku"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wah",
"2": "kuma",
"t": "kuma"
},
"expansion": "Watubela: kuma (“kuma”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Watubela: kuma (“kuma”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kwh",
"2": "um",
"t": "garden; plot"
},
"expansion": "Kowiai: um (“garden; plot”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kowiai: um (“garden; plot”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-oce-pro",
"2": "*quma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Oceanic: *quma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Oceanic: *quma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Western Oceanic"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Meso-Melanesian"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tungag–Nalik"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tgc",
"2": "uma",
"t": "garden"
},
"expansion": "Tigak: uma (“garden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tigak: uma (“garden”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Madak"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mmx",
"2": "uma",
"t": "garden"
},
"expansion": "Madak: uma (“garden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Madak: uma (“garden”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "St. George"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ksd",
"2": "uma",
"t": "plantation; field"
},
"expansion": "Tolai: uma (“plantation; field”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tolai: uma (“plantation; field”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northwest Solomonic"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rug",
"2": "uma",
"t": "make a garden"
},
"expansion": "Roviana: uma (“make a garden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Roviana: uma (“make a garden”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "North New Guinea"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ngero–Vitiaz"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ngero"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kvc",
"2": "umo",
"t": "garden"
},
"expansion": "Kove: umo (“garden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kove: umo (“garden”)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ggt",
"2": "umwa",
"t": "garden"
},
"expansion": "Gitua: umwa (“garden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gitua: umwa (“garden”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Vitiaz"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ssz",
"2": "kum",
"t": "to work in the garden"
},
"expansion": "Sengseng: kum (“to work in the garden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sengseng: kum (“to work in the garden”)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gdd",
"2": "um",
"t": "garden; field; plantation; cultivated land"
},
"expansion": "Gedaged: um (“garden; field; plantation; cultivated land”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gedaged: um (“garden; field; plantation; cultivated land”)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mna",
"2": "kuma",
"t": "soil which is ready for gardening (after burning)"
},
"expansion": "Mbula: kuma (“soil which is ready for gardening (after burning)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mbula: kuma (“soil which is ready for gardening (after burning)”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Schouten"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mva",
"2": "uma",
"t": "garden"
},
"expansion": "Manam: uma (“garden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manam: uma (“garden”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Huon Gulf"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sij",
"2": "uma",
"t": "garden"
},
"expansion": "Numbami: uma (“garden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Numbami: uma (“garden”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Papuan Tip"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Papuan Tip"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "meu",
"2": "uma",
"t": "garden; an enclosed cultivated plot"
},
"expansion": "Motu: uma (“garden; an enclosed cultivated plot”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Motu: uma (“garden; an enclosed cultivated plot”)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ho",
"2": "uma",
"t": "garden"
},
"expansion": "Hiri Motu: uma (“garden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hiri Motu: uma (“garden”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Nuclear Papuan Tip"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Dobu–Duau"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mox",
"2": "ʔuma",
"t": "planted garden"
},
"expansion": "Molima: ʔuma (“planted garden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Molima: ʔuma (“planted garden”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Suauic"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sbe",
"2": "kuma",
"t": "to plant"
},
"expansion": "Saliba (New Guinea): kuma (“to plant”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saliba (New Guinea): kuma (“to plant”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central–Eastern Oceanic"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Oceanic"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mtt",
"2": "umwa",
"t": "clear away growth from a garden, the first stage in preparation"
},
"expansion": "Mota: umwa (“clear away growth from a garden, the first stage in preparation”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mota: umwa (“clear away growth from a garden, the first stage in preparation”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southeast Solomonic"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bugotu–Nggela"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nlg",
"2": "uma",
"t": "clear away the bushes in making a garden"
},
"expansion": "Gela: uma (“clear away the bushes in making a garden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gela: uma (“clear away the bushes in making a garden”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Malaita–Makira"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alu",
"2": "umaa",
"t": "clear the undergrowth when commencing a new garden"
},
"expansion": "'Are'are: umaa (“clear the undergrowth when commencing a new garden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "'Are'are: umaa (“clear the undergrowth when commencing a new garden”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aia",
"2": "umwa",
"t": "to weed a garden"
},
"expansion": "Arosi: umwa (“to weed a garden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Arosi: umwa (“to weed a garden”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Pacific"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Polynesian"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mnv",
"2": "‘umanga",
"t": "garden, as for yams or taro"
},
"expansion": "Rennellese: ‘umanga (“garden, as for yams or taro”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Rennellese: ‘umanga (“garden, as for yams or taro”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-pro",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*qumah",
"4": "",
"5": "swidden",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *qumah (“swidden”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-pro",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*qumah",
"4": "",
"5": "swidden"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *qumah (“swidden”)",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *qumah (“swidden”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*quma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"lang_code": "poz-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/quma",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian lemmas",
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian nouns",
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian terms derived from Proto-Austronesian",
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian"
],
"glosses": [
"farm"
],
"links": [
[
"farm",
"farm"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "quma"
}
Download raw JSONL data for quma meaning in Proto-Malayo-Polynesian (27.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Malayo-Polynesian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (a681f8a and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.