See nihawa in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for nihawa meaning in Proto-Malayo-Polynesian (14.3kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-pro",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*NiSawa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *NiSawa",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Austronesian *NiSawa.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*nihawa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"lang_code": "poz-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/nihawa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 37 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"breath"
],
"id": "en-nihawa-poz-pro-noun-NnocWSRY",
"links": [
[
"breath",
"breath"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 37 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"life force"
],
"id": "en-nihawa-poz-pro-noun-PIttMaL4",
"links": [
[
"life",
"life"
],
[
"force",
"force"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nihawa/"
}
],
"word": "nihawa"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-cet-pro",
"2": "*(ma-)ñawa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *(ma-)ñawa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *(ma-)ñawa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central-Malayo-Polynesian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Maluku:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "asl",
"2": "nawa"
},
"expansion": "Asilulu: nawa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asilulu: nawa"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bty",
"2": "manowa"
},
"expansion": "Bobot: manowa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bobot: manowa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sumba–Flores:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bhp",
"2": "nawa"
},
"expansion": "Bima: nawa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bima: nawa"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sumba–Manggarai:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mqy",
"2": "nawa"
},
"expansion": "Manggarai: nawa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manggarai: nawa"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "reb",
"2": "nawa"
},
"expansion": "Rembong: nawa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Rembong: nawa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pqe-pro",
"2": "*mañawa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *mañawa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *mañawa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-hce-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mky",
"2": "manowo"
},
"expansion": "East Makian: manowo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "East Makian: manowo"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gzn",
"2": "manou"
},
"expansion": "Gane: manou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gane: manou"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-oce-pro",
"2": "*mañawa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Oceanic: *mañawa\nAdmiralty Islands:\nWuvulu-Aua: manawanawa\nCentral-Eastern Oceanic:\nCentral Pacific:\nProto-Polynesian: *manawa\nProto-Nuclear Polynesian:\nProto-Eastern Polynesian:\nMarquesic:\nHawaiian: manawa\nMangarevan: manava\nSouth Marquesan: menava\nRapa Nui: manava\nTahitic:\nMaori: manawa\nRakahanga-Manihiki: mānava\nRarotongan: manava\nTahitian: manava\nTuamotuan: manava\nEllicean–Outlier:\nKapingamarangi: manawa\nNukumanu: manava\nNukuoro: manava\nPileni: maanava\nTuvaluan: maanava\nFutunic:\nAnuta: maanava\nMele-Fila: maanava\nEast Futuna: manava, mānava\nFutuna-Aniwa: manava\nPukapukan: manava, mānava\nTikopia: manava, maanava\nSamoic:\nSamoan: manava, mānava\nTokelauan: manava, mānava\nTongic:\nNiuafo'ou: mānava\nNiuean: manava\nTongan: manava, mānava\nRotuman: manava\nMicronesian:\nChuukic:\nChuukese: manaw\nPuluwat: mánaw\nWoleaian: melaw\nGilbertese: manawa\nMarshallese: menewnew\nSoutheast Solomonic:\nMalaita–Makira:\nArosi: manawa\nBauro: manawa\nFagani: manawa\nSouthern Oceanic:\nHiw: mənawə\nWestern Oceanic:\nMeso-Melanesian:\nVaghua: manava\nNorth New Guinea:\nManam: manawa\nWogeo: mañawa",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Oceanic: *mañawa\nAdmiralty Islands:\nWuvulu-Aua: manawanawa\nCentral-Eastern Oceanic:\nCentral Pacific:\nProto-Polynesian: *manawa\nProto-Nuclear Polynesian:\nProto-Eastern Polynesian:\nMarquesic:\nHawaiian: manawa\nMangarevan: manava\nSouth Marquesan: menava\nRapa Nui: manava\nTahitic:\nMaori: manawa\nRakahanga-Manihiki: mānava\nRarotongan: manava\nTahitian: manava\nTuamotuan: manava\nEllicean–Outlier:\nKapingamarangi: manawa\nNukumanu: manava\nNukuoro: manava\nPileni: maanava\nTuvaluan: maanava\nFutunic:\nAnuta: maanava\nMele-Fila: maanava\nEast Futuna: manava, mānava\nFutuna-Aniwa: manava\nPukapukan: manava, mānava\nTikopia: manava, maanava\nSamoic:\nSamoan: manava, mānava\nTokelauan: manava, mānava\nTongic:\nNiuafo'ou: mānava\nNiuean: manava\nTongan: manava, mānava\nRotuman: manava\nMicronesian:\nChuukic:\nChuukese: manaw\nPuluwat: mánaw\nWoleaian: melaw\nGilbertese: manawa\nMarshallese: menewnew\nSoutheast Solomonic:\nMalaita–Makira:\nArosi: manawa\nBauro: manawa\nFagani: manawa\nSouthern Oceanic:\nHiw: mənawə\nWestern Oceanic:\nMeso-Melanesian:\nVaghua: manava\nNorth New Guinea:\nManam: manawa\nWogeo: mañawa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Western Malayo-Polynesian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Greater Barito:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sama-Bajaw:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sjm",
"2": "nyawa"
},
"expansion": "Mapun: nyawa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mapun: nyawa"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yka",
"2": "niyawa"
},
"expansion": "Yakan: niyawa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yakan: niyawa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Borneo:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southwest Sabah:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Greater Dusunic:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bsb",
"2": "genao"
},
"expansion": "Brunei Bisaya: genao",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Brunei Bisaya: genao"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dtp",
"2": "ginawo"
},
"expansion": "Central Dusun: ginawo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Dusun: ginawo"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kzj",
"2": "ginavo"
},
"expansion": "Coastal Kadazan: ginavo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Coastal Kadazan: ginavo"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "drg",
"2": "ginavo"
},
"expansion": "Rungus: ginavo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Rungus: ginavo"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Murutic:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bqr",
"2": "penyawo"
},
"expansion": "Burusu: penyawo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Burusu: penyawo"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tih",
"2": "painawo"
},
"expansion": "Timugon Murut: painawo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Timugon Murut: painawo"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Paitanic:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txa",
"2": "inawo"
},
"expansion": "Tombonuo: inawo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tombonuo: inawo"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dmg",
"2": "inawo"
},
"expansion": "Upper Kinabatangan: inawo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Kinabatangan: inawo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "phi-pro",
"2": "*nihawa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Philippine: *nihawa\nBatanic:\nIbatan: hinawa\nYami: inawan\nCentral Luzon:\nKapampangan: -ináwa, isnáwa\nSambalic:\nBolinao: ináwa\nBotolan Sambal: inawáwen\nMag-Anchi Ayta: isnáwa\nSambali: inanáwa\nGreater Central Philippine: *gi-nihawa\nCentral Philippine:\nBikol:\nBikol Central: ginháwa\nMansaka–Mandayan:\nMansaka: ginawa\nTagalog: ginháwa\nVisayan:\nCebu:\nCebuano: ginháwa\nCentral:\nHiligaynon: ginháwa\nRomblomanon: ginhāwa\nWaray-Waray: ginháwa\nSouth:\nSurigaonon: ginhawa\nTandaganon: ginhawa\nTausug: ginhawa\nWest:\nAklanon: ginháwa\nCaluyanun: gináwa\nInonhan: ginháwa\nDanao:\nMaranao: ginawa\nGorontalo–Mongondow:\nMongondow: gina\nManobo:\nBinukid: gahinawa\nWestern Bukidnon Manobo: gehinawa\nSouth Mangyan:\nHanunoo: ginháwa\nKalamian:\nAgutaynen: linawa\nNorthern Luzon:\nIlocano: gináwa\nMeso-Cordilleran:\nPangasinan: nawá\nSangiric:\nSangir: niawa\nSouth Mindanao:\nTboli: nawa\nTiruray: ferenawa\nUmiray Dumaget Agta: innawe",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Philippine: *nihawa\nBatanic:\nIbatan: hinawa\nYami: inawan\nCentral Luzon:\nKapampangan: -ináwa, isnáwa\nSambalic:\nBolinao: ináwa\nBotolan Sambal: inawáwen\nMag-Anchi Ayta: isnáwa\nSambali: inanáwa\nGreater Central Philippine: *gi-nihawa\nCentral Philippine:\nBikol:\nBikol Central: ginháwa\nMansaka–Mandayan:\nMansaka: ginawa\nTagalog: ginháwa\nVisayan:\nCebu:\nCebuano: ginháwa\nCentral:\nHiligaynon: ginháwa\nRomblomanon: ginhāwa\nWaray-Waray: ginháwa\nSouth:\nSurigaonon: ginhawa\nTandaganon: ginhawa\nTausug: ginhawa\nWest:\nAklanon: ginháwa\nCaluyanun: gináwa\nInonhan: ginháwa\nDanao:\nMaranao: ginawa\nGorontalo–Mongondow:\nMongondow: gina\nManobo:\nBinukid: gahinawa\nWestern Bukidnon Manobo: gehinawa\nSouth Mangyan:\nHanunoo: ginháwa\nKalamian:\nAgutaynen: linawa\nNorthern Luzon:\nIlocano: gináwa\nMeso-Cordilleran:\nPangasinan: nawá\nSangiric:\nSangir: niawa\nSouth Mindanao:\nTboli: nawa\nTiruray: ferenawa\nUmiray Dumaget Agta: innawe"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Celebic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-btk-pro",
"2": "*naa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bungku-Tolaki: *naa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Bungku-Tolaki: *naa"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vkl",
"2": "menaa"
},
"expansion": "Kulisusu: menaa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kulisusu: menaa"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xmz",
"2": "menaa"
},
"expansion": "Mori Bawah: menaa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mori Bawah: menaa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kaili–Pamona:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pmf",
"2": "nyawa"
},
"expansion": "Pamona: nyawa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pamona: nyawa"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ppk",
"2": "inoha'"
},
"expansion": "Uma: inoha'",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uma: inoha'"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Muna–Buton:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bna",
"2": "mona'a"
},
"expansion": "Bonerate: mona'a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bonerate: mona'a"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mnb",
"2": "inawa"
},
"expansion": "Muna: inawa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Muna: inawa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tomini–Tolitoli:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dms",
"2": "nyawa"
},
"expansion": "Dampelas: nyawa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dampelas: nyawa"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txm",
"2": "nyaa"
},
"expansion": "Tomini: nyaa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tomini: nyaa"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txe",
"2": "kinaa"
},
"expansion": "Totoli: kinaa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Totoli: kinaa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Wotu–Wolio:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlo",
"2": "inawa"
},
"expansion": "Wolio: inawa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Wolio: inawa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Batak:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "btx",
"2": "nawa"
},
"expansion": "Karo Batak: nawa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karo Batak: nawa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gay",
"2": "nyawa"
},
"expansion": "Gayo: nyawa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gayo: nyawa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "nyawa"
},
"expansion": "Javanese: nyawa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Javanese: nyawa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-msa-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ban",
"2": "nyawa"
},
"expansion": "Balinese: nyawa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Balinese: nyawa"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sas",
"2": "nyawa"
},
"expansion": "Sasak: nyawa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sasak: nyawa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-mcm-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Chamic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Malayo-Chamic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cmc-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Chamic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Chamic:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ace",
"2": "nyaw'ong"
},
"expansion": "Acehnese: nyaw'ong",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Acehnese: nyaw'ong"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-mly-pro",
"2": "*ñawa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayic: *ñawa\nIban: nyawa\nMalay: nyawa\nIndonesian: nyawa\nUrak Lawoi': ญาวา (nyawa)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Malayic: *ñawa\nIban: nyawa\nMalay: nyawa\nIndonesian: nyawa\nUrak Lawoi': ญาวา (nyawa)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-ssw-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-South Sulawesi:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-South Sulawesi:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mak",
"2": "nyawa"
},
"expansion": "Makasar: nyawa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Makasar: nyawa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mdr",
"2": "nyawa"
},
"expansion": "Mandar: nyawa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mandar: nyawa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rob",
"2": "inaa"
},
"expansion": "Tae': inaa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tae': inaa"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-pro",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*NiSawa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *NiSawa",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Austronesian *NiSawa.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*nihawa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"lang_code": "poz-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/nihawa",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 37 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to breathe"
],
"id": "en-nihawa-poz-pro-verb-s1u-KwnA",
"links": [
[
"breathe",
"breathe"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nihawa/"
}
],
"word": "nihawa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian lemmas",
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian nouns",
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian terms derived from Proto-Austronesian",
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian",
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian verbs"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-pro",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*NiSawa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *NiSawa",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Austronesian *NiSawa.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*nihawa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"lang_code": "poz-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/nihawa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"breath"
],
"links": [
[
"breath",
"breath"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"life force"
],
"links": [
[
"life",
"life"
],
[
"force",
"force"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nihawa/"
}
],
"word": "nihawa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian lemmas",
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian nouns",
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian terms derived from Proto-Austronesian",
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian",
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Proto-Malayo-Polynesian verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-cet-pro",
"2": "*(ma-)ñawa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *(ma-)ñawa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *(ma-)ñawa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central-Malayo-Polynesian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Maluku:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "asl",
"2": "nawa"
},
"expansion": "Asilulu: nawa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asilulu: nawa"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bty",
"2": "manowa"
},
"expansion": "Bobot: manowa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bobot: manowa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sumba–Flores:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bhp",
"2": "nawa"
},
"expansion": "Bima: nawa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bima: nawa"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sumba–Manggarai:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mqy",
"2": "nawa"
},
"expansion": "Manggarai: nawa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manggarai: nawa"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "reb",
"2": "nawa"
},
"expansion": "Rembong: nawa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Rembong: nawa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pqe-pro",
"2": "*mañawa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *mañawa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *mañawa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-hce-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mky",
"2": "manowo"
},
"expansion": "East Makian: manowo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "East Makian: manowo"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gzn",
"2": "manou"
},
"expansion": "Gane: manou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gane: manou"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-oce-pro",
"2": "*mañawa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Oceanic: *mañawa\nAdmiralty Islands:\nWuvulu-Aua: manawanawa\nCentral-Eastern Oceanic:\nCentral Pacific:\nProto-Polynesian: *manawa\nProto-Nuclear Polynesian:\nProto-Eastern Polynesian:\nMarquesic:\nHawaiian: manawa\nMangarevan: manava\nSouth Marquesan: menava\nRapa Nui: manava\nTahitic:\nMaori: manawa\nRakahanga-Manihiki: mānava\nRarotongan: manava\nTahitian: manava\nTuamotuan: manava\nEllicean–Outlier:\nKapingamarangi: manawa\nNukumanu: manava\nNukuoro: manava\nPileni: maanava\nTuvaluan: maanava\nFutunic:\nAnuta: maanava\nMele-Fila: maanava\nEast Futuna: manava, mānava\nFutuna-Aniwa: manava\nPukapukan: manava, mānava\nTikopia: manava, maanava\nSamoic:\nSamoan: manava, mānava\nTokelauan: manava, mānava\nTongic:\nNiuafo'ou: mānava\nNiuean: manava\nTongan: manava, mānava\nRotuman: manava\nMicronesian:\nChuukic:\nChuukese: manaw\nPuluwat: mánaw\nWoleaian: melaw\nGilbertese: manawa\nMarshallese: menewnew\nSoutheast Solomonic:\nMalaita–Makira:\nArosi: manawa\nBauro: manawa\nFagani: manawa\nSouthern Oceanic:\nHiw: mənawə\nWestern Oceanic:\nMeso-Melanesian:\nVaghua: manava\nNorth New Guinea:\nManam: manawa\nWogeo: mañawa",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Oceanic: *mañawa\nAdmiralty Islands:\nWuvulu-Aua: manawanawa\nCentral-Eastern Oceanic:\nCentral Pacific:\nProto-Polynesian: *manawa\nProto-Nuclear Polynesian:\nProto-Eastern Polynesian:\nMarquesic:\nHawaiian: manawa\nMangarevan: manava\nSouth Marquesan: menava\nRapa Nui: manava\nTahitic:\nMaori: manawa\nRakahanga-Manihiki: mānava\nRarotongan: manava\nTahitian: manava\nTuamotuan: manava\nEllicean–Outlier:\nKapingamarangi: manawa\nNukumanu: manava\nNukuoro: manava\nPileni: maanava\nTuvaluan: maanava\nFutunic:\nAnuta: maanava\nMele-Fila: maanava\nEast Futuna: manava, mānava\nFutuna-Aniwa: manava\nPukapukan: manava, mānava\nTikopia: manava, maanava\nSamoic:\nSamoan: manava, mānava\nTokelauan: manava, mānava\nTongic:\nNiuafo'ou: mānava\nNiuean: manava\nTongan: manava, mānava\nRotuman: manava\nMicronesian:\nChuukic:\nChuukese: manaw\nPuluwat: mánaw\nWoleaian: melaw\nGilbertese: manawa\nMarshallese: menewnew\nSoutheast Solomonic:\nMalaita–Makira:\nArosi: manawa\nBauro: manawa\nFagani: manawa\nSouthern Oceanic:\nHiw: mənawə\nWestern Oceanic:\nMeso-Melanesian:\nVaghua: manava\nNorth New Guinea:\nManam: manawa\nWogeo: mañawa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Western Malayo-Polynesian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Greater Barito:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sama-Bajaw:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sjm",
"2": "nyawa"
},
"expansion": "Mapun: nyawa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mapun: nyawa"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yka",
"2": "niyawa"
},
"expansion": "Yakan: niyawa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yakan: niyawa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Borneo:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southwest Sabah:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Greater Dusunic:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bsb",
"2": "genao"
},
"expansion": "Brunei Bisaya: genao",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Brunei Bisaya: genao"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dtp",
"2": "ginawo"
},
"expansion": "Central Dusun: ginawo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Dusun: ginawo"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kzj",
"2": "ginavo"
},
"expansion": "Coastal Kadazan: ginavo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Coastal Kadazan: ginavo"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "drg",
"2": "ginavo"
},
"expansion": "Rungus: ginavo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Rungus: ginavo"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Murutic:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bqr",
"2": "penyawo"
},
"expansion": "Burusu: penyawo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Burusu: penyawo"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tih",
"2": "painawo"
},
"expansion": "Timugon Murut: painawo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Timugon Murut: painawo"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Paitanic:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txa",
"2": "inawo"
},
"expansion": "Tombonuo: inawo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tombonuo: inawo"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dmg",
"2": "inawo"
},
"expansion": "Upper Kinabatangan: inawo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Kinabatangan: inawo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "phi-pro",
"2": "*nihawa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Philippine: *nihawa\nBatanic:\nIbatan: hinawa\nYami: inawan\nCentral Luzon:\nKapampangan: -ináwa, isnáwa\nSambalic:\nBolinao: ináwa\nBotolan Sambal: inawáwen\nMag-Anchi Ayta: isnáwa\nSambali: inanáwa\nGreater Central Philippine: *gi-nihawa\nCentral Philippine:\nBikol:\nBikol Central: ginháwa\nMansaka–Mandayan:\nMansaka: ginawa\nTagalog: ginháwa\nVisayan:\nCebu:\nCebuano: ginháwa\nCentral:\nHiligaynon: ginháwa\nRomblomanon: ginhāwa\nWaray-Waray: ginháwa\nSouth:\nSurigaonon: ginhawa\nTandaganon: ginhawa\nTausug: ginhawa\nWest:\nAklanon: ginháwa\nCaluyanun: gináwa\nInonhan: ginháwa\nDanao:\nMaranao: ginawa\nGorontalo–Mongondow:\nMongondow: gina\nManobo:\nBinukid: gahinawa\nWestern Bukidnon Manobo: gehinawa\nSouth Mangyan:\nHanunoo: ginháwa\nKalamian:\nAgutaynen: linawa\nNorthern Luzon:\nIlocano: gináwa\nMeso-Cordilleran:\nPangasinan: nawá\nSangiric:\nSangir: niawa\nSouth Mindanao:\nTboli: nawa\nTiruray: ferenawa\nUmiray Dumaget Agta: innawe",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Philippine: *nihawa\nBatanic:\nIbatan: hinawa\nYami: inawan\nCentral Luzon:\nKapampangan: -ináwa, isnáwa\nSambalic:\nBolinao: ináwa\nBotolan Sambal: inawáwen\nMag-Anchi Ayta: isnáwa\nSambali: inanáwa\nGreater Central Philippine: *gi-nihawa\nCentral Philippine:\nBikol:\nBikol Central: ginháwa\nMansaka–Mandayan:\nMansaka: ginawa\nTagalog: ginháwa\nVisayan:\nCebu:\nCebuano: ginháwa\nCentral:\nHiligaynon: ginháwa\nRomblomanon: ginhāwa\nWaray-Waray: ginháwa\nSouth:\nSurigaonon: ginhawa\nTandaganon: ginhawa\nTausug: ginhawa\nWest:\nAklanon: ginháwa\nCaluyanun: gináwa\nInonhan: ginháwa\nDanao:\nMaranao: ginawa\nGorontalo–Mongondow:\nMongondow: gina\nManobo:\nBinukid: gahinawa\nWestern Bukidnon Manobo: gehinawa\nSouth Mangyan:\nHanunoo: ginháwa\nKalamian:\nAgutaynen: linawa\nNorthern Luzon:\nIlocano: gináwa\nMeso-Cordilleran:\nPangasinan: nawá\nSangiric:\nSangir: niawa\nSouth Mindanao:\nTboli: nawa\nTiruray: ferenawa\nUmiray Dumaget Agta: innawe"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Celebic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-btk-pro",
"2": "*naa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bungku-Tolaki: *naa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Bungku-Tolaki: *naa"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vkl",
"2": "menaa"
},
"expansion": "Kulisusu: menaa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kulisusu: menaa"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xmz",
"2": "menaa"
},
"expansion": "Mori Bawah: menaa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mori Bawah: menaa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kaili–Pamona:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pmf",
"2": "nyawa"
},
"expansion": "Pamona: nyawa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pamona: nyawa"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ppk",
"2": "inoha'"
},
"expansion": "Uma: inoha'",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uma: inoha'"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Muna–Buton:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bna",
"2": "mona'a"
},
"expansion": "Bonerate: mona'a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bonerate: mona'a"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mnb",
"2": "inawa"
},
"expansion": "Muna: inawa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Muna: inawa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tomini–Tolitoli:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dms",
"2": "nyawa"
},
"expansion": "Dampelas: nyawa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dampelas: nyawa"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txm",
"2": "nyaa"
},
"expansion": "Tomini: nyaa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tomini: nyaa"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txe",
"2": "kinaa"
},
"expansion": "Totoli: kinaa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Totoli: kinaa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Wotu–Wolio:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlo",
"2": "inawa"
},
"expansion": "Wolio: inawa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Wolio: inawa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Batak:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "btx",
"2": "nawa"
},
"expansion": "Karo Batak: nawa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karo Batak: nawa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gay",
"2": "nyawa"
},
"expansion": "Gayo: nyawa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gayo: nyawa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "nyawa"
},
"expansion": "Javanese: nyawa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Javanese: nyawa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-msa-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ban",
"2": "nyawa"
},
"expansion": "Balinese: nyawa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Balinese: nyawa"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sas",
"2": "nyawa"
},
"expansion": "Sasak: nyawa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sasak: nyawa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-mcm-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Chamic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Malayo-Chamic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cmc-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Chamic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Chamic:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ace",
"2": "nyaw'ong"
},
"expansion": "Acehnese: nyaw'ong",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Acehnese: nyaw'ong"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-mly-pro",
"2": "*ñawa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayic: *ñawa\nIban: nyawa\nMalay: nyawa\nIndonesian: nyawa\nUrak Lawoi': ญาวา (nyawa)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Malayic: *ñawa\nIban: nyawa\nMalay: nyawa\nIndonesian: nyawa\nUrak Lawoi': ญาวา (nyawa)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-ssw-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-South Sulawesi:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-South Sulawesi:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mak",
"2": "nyawa"
},
"expansion": "Makasar: nyawa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Makasar: nyawa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mdr",
"2": "nyawa"
},
"expansion": "Mandar: nyawa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mandar: nyawa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rob",
"2": "inaa"
},
"expansion": "Tae': inaa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tae': inaa"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-pro",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*NiSawa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *NiSawa",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Austronesian *NiSawa.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "poz-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*nihawa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"lang_code": "poz-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/nihawa",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to breathe"
],
"links": [
[
"breathe",
"breathe"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nihawa/"
}
],
"word": "nihawa"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Malayo-Polynesian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.