dahun

Proto-Philippine: *dahun (see there for further descendants)

Sama-Bajaw

Mapun: dawun, dun

Yakan: dawen

North Bornean

Northeast Sabahan

Bonggi: doudn

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Balinese: don

Proto-Malayic: *daun

Old Javanese: ron, rwan
> Javanese: ꦫꦺꦴꦤ꧀ (ron) (inherited)
→ Balinese: ᬭᭀᬦ᭄ (ron)

Celebic

Balantak: roon

Chamorro: hagon

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *daun
Aru
Dobel: rakwun
Ujir: rawin
Bima: hoo
Central Maluku
East Central Maluku
Seram
Nunusaku
Piru Bay
East Piru Bay
Sepa-Teluti
Teluti: daun
Solehua
Paulohi: lau
Seram Straits
Ambon
Hitu: lau-
Laha (Indonesia): loung
Uliase
Saparua: laun
West Piru Bay
Asilulu
Asilulu: lau
Three Rivers
Amalumute
Alune: loini
Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *daun
Flores-Lembata
Sika: roung
Sumba-Flores
Ende-Manggarai
Manggarai: saung
Sumba-Hawu
Savu
Dhao: rau
Sumba
Central
Anakalangu: rau
East Sumbanese
Kambera: rau
Kodi-Gaura
Kodi: rojo
Wejewa-Lamboya
Laboya: ro
Timoric
Bilba: dok
West Timoric
Atoni
Uab Meto: no'o
Wetar-Galoli
Galoli: ai ron, ron (Talur)
Tugun: ai ron


ambun

Philippine

Tagalog: ambon

Bikol Central: ambon

desctree

Proto-Malayic: *əmbun
Malay: embun
Indonesian: embun

dew (moisture in the air that settles on plants, etc)


qabug

Philippine

Greater Central Philippine

Manobo

Central Manobo

Dibabawon Manobo: abug


apuk

Greater North Borneo

Malayo-Chamic

Malayic

Iban: apuk, apok


balu

Central Philippine

Danao

Maranao: balo

Visayan

Tausug: balu

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malay: balu


qutak

Proto-Philippine:

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: utek

Dupaningan Agta: utak

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: utak
→ Tagalog: utak

Greater Central Philippine

Bikol

Bikol Central: hutok

Bisayan

Western Bisayan

Aklanon: utak

Central Bisayain

Hiligaynon: utok

Waray-Waray: utok

Cebuano: utok

Southern Bisayan

Surigaonon: utuk

Tausug: utuk

Manobo

Binukid: utek

Mansaka: otok

Danao

Maranao: otek

Land Dayak

Bau Bidayuh: otok

North Bornean

Proto-North Sarawak:

Kiput: utek

Sama-Bajaw

West Coast Bajau: utok

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Malayic: *utak
Malay: utak (obsolete), Malay: otak, hotak (often vulgar), otk, ox (Internet, text messaging), utak (obsolete)
> Indonesian: otak (inherited)
→ English: otak-otak (via the plural otak-otak)
→ Javanese: utak (via the obsolete utak)

*qutək (alternative)
*qutāk (alternative)


ubat

Central Philippine

Danao

Maranao: obat

Visayan

Tausug: ubat

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malay: ubat

Old Javanese: uwat
Javanese: ꦲꦺꦴꦧꦠ꧀ (obat)


aduq

North Bornean

Dusun

Kimaragang: odoi/doi

Proto-Malayic: *aduh
Banjarese: aduh
Malay: aduh
Indonesian: aduh

Sundanese: aduh


aŋkat

Philippine

Central Philippine

Cebuano: angkat

Tagalog: angkat

Northern Luzon

Pangasinan: angkat

South-Central Cordilleran

Kankanaey: angkat

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayo-Chamic

Proto-Malayic: *aŋkat

Malayan

Malay: angkat / اڠکت

Indonesian: angkat

Proto-Chamic: *aŋkat

Acehnese: angkat

Old Sundanese:

Sundanese: ᮃᮀᮊᮒ᮪ (angkat)

Old Javanese: aṅkat
Javanese: ꦲꦁꦏꦠ꧀ (angkat)
Javanese: ꦲꦸꦁꦏꦢ꧀ (ungkad)

(Western Malayo-Polynesian) to lift (to raise)


aliq

Proto-Malayic: *alih

Malay: alih

Indonesian: alih

Sundanese: alih

to move (to change place or posture; to go)


maŋ-apa

Philipine:

Philipine Central:

Visayan:

Hiligaynon: ngaa

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Malayic: *məŋ-apa
Malay: mengapa
Indonesian: mengapa


apa apa

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Malayic: *apa apa
Malay: apa-apa / اڤ٢
Indonesian: apa-apa


(q)aʀuhu

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: aroó

Northeastern Luzon

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: agú

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: aguhò

Bikol Central: agúho

Visayan

Cebuano: agúho

Aklanon: aguhó

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: agóo

North Bornean

North Sarawakan

Dayic

Kelabit: aru'

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Karo Batak: eru

Toba Batak: aru

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Ibanic

Iban: ru

Nuclear Malayic

Brunei Malay: ayu

Malay: eru, ru
Indonesian: eru

Minangkabau: aru

Chamorro: gagu

Palauan: ngas

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Halmahera–Cenderawasih

Wandamen: yaru

Biak: yār

Proto-Oceanic: *aʀu
Western Oceanic
North New Guinea
Gitua: yaru
Central-Eastern Oceanic
Southeast Solomonic
Bugotu–Gela
Bughotu: aru
Gela: aru
Malaita–Makira
Sa'a: sälu
Makira
Arosi: saru
Malaita
Lau: salu
Kwaio: salu, lalu
'Are'are: raru
Southern Oceanic
Mota: aru
Central Pacific
Fijian: cau

casuarina (trees of the genus Casuarina)


daqih

Barito

East Barito

Paku: rai

Dusun Deyah: rai

Ma'anyan: ra'i

Dusun Witu: ra'i

Malayo-Sumbawan

Proto-Chamic: *ʔadhɛ̃y

Coastal Chamic

Eastern Cham: ꨖꨬ (dhei)

Western Cham: دهاْي (dhei)

Highlands Chamic

Northern Chamic

Northern Roglai: thɘ̃i

Tsat: thai³³

Jarai–Rade

Jarai: thơi

Rade: dhei

Proto-Malayic: *dahi
Iban: dai
Banjarese: dahi
Malay: dahi
Indonesian: dahi
Pattani Malay: داهي / ดาฮี

Old Javanese: rahi

Javanese: ꦫꦲꦶ (rai)

→ Sundanese: raray (from *ra-rahi)

Celebic

Proto-Bungku-Tolaki: *raqi

Muna–Buton

Muna: kondaghi

Chamorro: ha'i

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Komodo: rai

Manggarai: sa'i

Proto-Oceanic: *raqe

Southeast Solomonic

Gela: rae

Central Pacific

Western Fijian: rā

Fijian: yadre

Proto-Polynesian: *raqe

Tongic

Tongan: laʻe

Niuean: lē

Eastern Polynesian

Hawaiian: lae

Maori: rae

Rapa Nui: ra'e

(anatomy) forehead (part of face above eyebrows)


ayut

Proto-Malayic: *ayut
Nuclear Malayic
Malay: ayut, ayuk
Indonesian: ayut, ayuk

(Western Malayo-Polynesian) to copulate (to engage in sexual intercourse)


(i-)tu

Proto-Philippine: *itu

Bikol Central: ito

Tagalog: ito (“this”)

Proto-Malayic: *(i)tu(ʔ)
Malay: itu, tu
Indonesian: itu


qabaŋ

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayo-Chamic

Proto-Malayic: *hambaŋ
Malayan
Malay: ambang
Indonesian: ambang

(Western Malayo-Polynesian) to float (drift gently through the air)


wahiʀ ni mata

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan: *wair mata
Proto-Malayo-Chamic: *air mata
Proto-Malayic: *air mata
Ibanic
Iban: ai mata
Nuclear Malayic
Malay: air mata
Indonesian: air mata

Proto-South Sulawesi: *wai mata
Tae': wai mata

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *waiʀ ni mata
Central Malayo-Polynesian:
Sumba-Flores
Sumba
Savu
Sabu: ei na mada
Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *waiʀ ni mata
Proto-Oceanic: *waiʀ ni mata
Central-Eastern Oceanic
East Fijian
Fijian: wai ni mata

tear (drop of clear salty liquid from the eyes)


azak

Barito

East Barito

Malagasy: miàraka

West Barito

Southwest Barito

Ngaju: ajak

Northwest Sumatran

Batak

Northern Batak

Karo Batak: ajak

Proto-Malayic: *ajak
Nuclear Malayic
Malay: ajak
Indonesian: ajak

Sundanese: ajak

Balinese: ajak

Old Javanese: ajak

Javanese: ajak

South Sulawesi

Northern

Toraja-Sa’dan

Tae': arak

to invite (ask for the presence or participation of someone)


tukad

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: tukád

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: tukad

Central Luzon

Bolinao: tukar

Abenlen Ayta: tokad

Greater Central Philippine

Gorontalo–Mongondow

Mongondow: tukad

Gorontalo: tutuadu

Sangiric: *tukad

Greater Barito

Sama–Bajaw

Yakan: tukad

East Barito

Lawangan: tukar

Ma'anyan: tukat

Malagasy: tohatra

North Bornean

Northeast Sabahan

Bonggi: tuhad

Southwest Sabahan

Greater Dusunic

Dusunic

Central Dusun: tukad

Tambunan Dusun: tukad

Labuk-Kinabatangan Kadazan: tukad

Momogun

Rungus: tukad

Kimaragang: tukad

Tobilung: tukad

Bisaya–Lotud

Lotud: tukad

Sabah Bisaya: tukad

Paitanic

Tombonuo: tukad

Murutic

Timugon Murut: tukar

Abai Sembuak: tukad

South Sulawesi

Makasar: tukaʼ

Celebic

Saluan–Banggai

Banggai: tukal

Kaili–Pamona

Pamona: tuka

Uma: tuka'


tuak

Central-Malayo-Polynesian:

Central Maluku:

Manipa: kuae

Greater Barito:

East Barito:

Dusun Witu: tuak

Ma'anyan: tuak

Malagasy: toaka

West Barito:

Ngaju: tuwak

Land Dayak:

Benyadu–Bekatiʼ:

Benyadu': tuák

Bekati': tuak

Southern Land Dayak:

Ribun: tuok

Malayic:

Iban: tuak

Malay: tuak
Indonesian: tuak
→? Javanese: tuak
→ Min Nan: 廚沃／厨沃 (tû-ak)

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:

Batak:

Toba Batak: tuak

Old Javanese: twak, tok

Philippine:

South Mindanao:

Tiruray: tuwok

South Sulawesi: *tuak

* Proto-Malayo-Polynesian: *tuak (Blust, 2010)


anak i mata

Western Malayo-Polynesian: *anak i mata

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayo-Chamic

Proto-Malayic: *anak mata

Malayan

Malay: anak mata / انق مات

Indonesian: anak mata

(anatomy) pupil (the hole in the middle of the iris of the eye)


anak i panaq

Western Malayo-Polynesian: *anak i panaq

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayo-Chamic

Proto-Malayic: *anak panah

Malayan

Malay: anak panah / انق ڤانه

Indonesian: anak panah


(ma-)qasin

Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Timor-Babar

Nuclear Timor

East Timor

Tetumic

Tetum: asin

Western Malayo-Polynesian: *(ma-)qasin

Philippine

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: asin

Visayan

Central Visayan

Peripheral Visayan

Hiligaynon: asín

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayo-Chamic

Proto-Malayic: *(mə-)hasin
Ibanic
Iban: masin
Nuclear Malayic
Malay: asin, masin
Indonesian: asin

Proto-Oceanic: *maqasin

Tongan: māsima

Samoan: māsima (“salt”)

Fijian: masima

desc

Proto-Polynesian: *masi₁ (“product of fermentation”)

Samoan: masi (“meal of fermented fruit”)

Tahitian: mahi (“meal of breadfruit”)

Maori: māhī (“to ferment”)


qatuʀ

Flores–Lembata:

Sika: 'atur

Kei–Tanimbar:

Fordata: yatur

Selaru:

Selaru: yat

Sumba–Flores:

Ngadha: atu

Timoric:

Leti: atru

Central Pacific:

Fijian: yatu

Proto-Polynesian: *qatu (see there for further descendants)

Rotuman: afu

Western Fijian: yatu

Proto-Malayic: *hatur (see there for further descendants)


qauʀ

Barito

West Barito

Ngaju: haur

Land Dayak

Bidayuh

Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh: aur

Moklenic

Moken: kaun

Malayo-Sumbawan

desctree

Proto-Malayic: *haur
Banjarese: haur
Iban: aur
Malay: aur
Indonesian: aur
Minangkabau: aua

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Sasak: aur

Celebic

Saluan–Banggai

Banggai: aok

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Bima: o'o

Sumba–Flores

Sumba–Hawu

Kambera: au

Western Flores

Manggarai: aur

Rembong: aur

Flores–Lembata

Sika: aur

Kedang: aur

Lamaholot: au'

Timoric

Tetumic

Tetum: au

Babar

West Damar: oro

Luangic–Kisaric

Leti: ora

Kisar: ouru

Rote–Meto

Bilba: o

Wetar–Galoli

Talur: o

Oceanic

Western Oceanic

Meso-Melanesian

Tolai: kaur

Alu: aulu, aula

North New Guinea

Mbula: kau-kau, ko

Central-Eastern Oceanic

Southern Oceanic

North Vanuatu

Mota: au

South Vanuatu

Sie: n-au

Aneityum: n-au

Southeast Solomonic

Gela: gau

Sa'a: äu


hawan

Proto-Philippine:

Greater Central Philippine

Cebuano: hawan (“a void, clear area”)

Old Javanese: awan (“midday, noon”)
Javanese: ꦲꦮꦤ꧀ (awan)

Malayo-Chamic

Proto-Malayic: *awan (“cloud”)
Brunei Malay: awan
Malay: awan
> Indonesian: awan (inherited)

Rejang: awan (“cloud”)

Barito

Malagasy: avana (“rainbow”)

atmosphere (gases surrounding the Earth)


ayud

(Western Malayo-Polynesian) alternative form of *ayut


qahəlu

Philippine

Batanic

Yami: ao

Ivatan: ahu

Ibatan: aho

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: aló

Cagayan Valley

Ibanag: alu

Itawit: állu

Isnag: alló

Meso-Cordilleran

Pangasinan: álo

Kalinga

Limos Kalinga: allú

Bontoc

Central Bontoc: ʔalʔú

Kankanaey

Kankanaey: al-ó

Northern Kankanay: al-o, ao

Ifugao

Tuwali Ifugao: al-u

Mayoyao Ifugao: al-ú

Northeastern Luzon

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: álo

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: álo

Sambali

Bolinao: a'lo

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: halo

Bikol

Bikol Central: hàlo

Mansakan

Mansaka: aro

Tagakaulu Kalagan: alu

Visayan

Asi: ayho

Cebuano: alho

Aklanon: háe-o

Hiligaynon: hál-o

Tausug: hallu

Manobo

Agusan Manobo: 'aehu

Obo Manobo: 'allu'

Tagabawa: allu

Subanen

Central Subanen: elu

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: hálʔu

Gorontalo–Mongondow

Mongondow: alu

Kalamian

Agutaynen: kalo

Calamian Tagbanwa: kalu

South Mindanao

Tiruray: ʔelew

Sama–Bajaw

Inabaknon: allo

Central Sama: hallu

Yakan: hellu

Barito

East Barito

Dusun Witu: alu

Ma'anyan: alu

Malagasy: akalo

West Barito

Ngaju: halu

North Bornean

Northeast Sabahan

Bonggi: golu

Ida'an: gellu

Southwest Sabahan

Dusunic

Rungus: goholu

Tobilung: to'olu

North Sarawakan

Bakung: lu

Dayic

Kelabit: aluh

Lun Bawang: aluh

Central Sarawakan

Punan

Punan Bah-Biau: luow

Punan Tubu: aluʔ

Kayanic

Kayan–Murik

Kayan

Bahau: aloːʔ

Rejang Kayan: aluʔ

Murik–Merap

Murik (Malaysia): lu

Punan Merap: lawʔ

Segai–Modang

Segai: alaw

Modang: əlaɵ̯

Land Dayak

Benyadu–Bekatiʼ

Bekati': aɣu

Rara Bakati': aru'

Bidayuh

Bau Bidayuh: aluh

Biatah Bidayuh: aruh

Southern Land Dayak

Jangkang: aɣuh

Ribun: alu

Sanggau: alú

Moken-Moklen

Moken: kaʔɔy

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Toba Batak: andalu

Nias: halu

Simeulue: alaw

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayo-Chamic

Chamic: *halɔw

Acehnese: alèe

Coastal Chamic

Haroi: həlâo

Cham

Eastern Cham: ꨨꨵꨭꨥ (hluw)

Western Cham: hlau

Highlands Chamic

Chru–Northern Chamic

Chru: hələu

Northern Chamic

Northern Roglai: haləu

Tsat: law³³

Jarai–Rade

Jarai: hlâo

Rade: hlâo

Malayic: *halu

Ibanic

Iban: alu

Mualang: alu

Seberuang: alow

Nuclear Malayic

Malay: alu
Indonesian: alu

Minangkabau: alu

Urak Lawoi': ฮาลู (halu)

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Sasak: alu

Sundanese: ᮠᮜᮥ (halu)

Lampungic: *həlu

Abung: leu

Komering: holu

Lampung Api: helu

Old Javanese: halu

Javanese: ꦲꦭꦸ (alu)

South Sulawesi

Buginese: alu, alu-alu

Makasar: alu

Tae': alu

Duri: pealu

Celebic

Tomini–Tolitoli

Tajio: ialu

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Central Maluku

Asilulu: alu

Buru (Indonesia): alu

Tugun: alu

Bima: aru

Sumba–Flores

Sumba–Hawu

Sabu: aru

Kambera: alu

Laboya: alu

Western Flores

Manggarai–Rembong

Komodo: alu

Manggarai: alu

Rembong: alu

Central Flores

Ngadha: alu

Li'o: alu

Flores–Lembata

Sika: ʔalu

Timoric

Tetum: alu

Kisar: alu

Palauan: chái

pestle (instrument used with a mortar to grind things)


ma-

Philippine

Tagalog: ma-

Gorontalo: mo-

South Sulawesi

Buginese: ma-

Celebic

Wolio: ma-

Affix forming adjectives and stative verbs


ta-huaji

East Fijian

Fijian: taci

Proto-Philippine: *ta-huaji

Sangiric: *t-uadi


huaji-q

Bajaw

West Coast Bajau: adi'

Malayic

Malay: adik, dik, adi, ading, adinda, dinda, ari
Indonesian: adik


huaji-ŋ

Proto-Malayic: *adi-ŋ
Nuclear Malayic
Malay: ading
Indonesian: ading

(Western Malayo-Polynesian) alternative form of *huaji


laban

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: laban

Pangasinan: laban

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: laban

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: laban

Central Philippine

Tagalog: laban

Bikol Central: laban

Cebuano: laban

Mansaka: laban

North Bornean

Southwest Sabahan

Coastal Kadazan: havan

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Iban: laban

Malay: lawan
Indonesian: lawan
⇒ North Moluccan Malay: malawang (through melawan)

Urak Lawoi': ลาวัด (lawat)

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: ᬮᬯᬦ᭄ (lawan)

Sasak: lawan

Old Javanese: lawan

Javanese: ꦭꦮꦤ꧀ (lawan)

South Sulawesi

Tae': laa

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Central Maluku

Paulohi: lahan-e


bakul

Proto-Philippine:

Batanic

Ibatan: vakol

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: bakúl

Greater Central Philippine

Tagalog: bakol

Bikol

Bikol Central: bakol

Bisayan

Southern Bisayan

Tausug: bakul

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Balinese: ᬯᬓᬸᬮ᭄ (bakul)

Proto-Malayic: *bakul
Iban: bakul
Malay: bakul
Indonesian: bakul

Old Javanese: bakul, wakul
> Javanese: ꦧꦏꦸꦭ꧀ (bakul) (inherited)
→ Indonesian: bakul (“petty trader”) (semantic loan)
> Javanese: ꦮꦏꦸꦭ꧀ (wakul) (inherited)


nanaq

Central Philippine

Visayan

Tausug: nana

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malay: nanah


qari-maquŋ

Proto-Malayic: *hari-mauŋ (“tiger”)
Ibanic
Iban: remaung
Malay: harimau, rimau
Indonesian: harimau
→ Cebuano: halimaw (“wild beast, monster”)
→ Maranao: harimaw
→ Maguindanao: arimaw
→ Tagalog: halimaw (“wild beast, monster”)
→ Tausug: halimaw


turus

Greater Barito:

West Barito:

Ngaju: turus

Proto-Malayic: *turus

Iban: turus

Malay: turus
Indonesian: turus

Proto-Oceanic: *turus

Central-Eastern Oceanic:

Fijian: duru-na (“vertical post”)

Proto-Polynesian:

Marquesic:

Hawaiian: kulu

Mangarevan: turu

Rapa Nui: turuturu (“stick, cane”)

Tahitic:

Maori: turu

Tahitian: turu

Tuamotuan: turu

Western Fijian: duru

St. Matthias Islands:

Mussau-Emira: tu-tulu (“housepost”)

Western Oceanic:

Petats: tul

Sudest: tu

Old Javanese: turus

Javanese: ꦠꦸꦫꦸꦱ꧀ (turus)

Proto-Philippine:

Ilocano: tulós

Tagalog: túlos

* Proto-Malayo-Polynesian: *turus (Blust, 2008)


delem

Philippine

Central Luzon

Sambalic

Abenlen Ayta: deem

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: dilim

Bisayan

South Bisayan

Butuan-Tausug

Tausug: dūm

Danao

Maranao: delem

Manobo

Binukid: delem


waqay

Hawaiian: wae

Kapingamarangi: vae

Maori: wae

Samoan: vae

Tongan: vaʻe, vae


ta-

first person plural including nominative and hortative pronoun


bayawak

North Bornean

Southwest Sabahan

Central Dusun: biavak

Land Dayak

Bau Bidayuh: biowak (“monitor lizard”)

Proto-Philippine: *bayawak

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: bayawak (“scorpion”)

Central Philippine

desc

Tagalog: bayawak (“monitor lizard, iguana”)

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Malayic:

Banjarese: biyawak

Malay: biawak
Indonesian: biawak

Old Sundanese

Sundanese: ᮘᮚᮝᮊ᮪ (bayawak)

Old Javanese:

desctree

Javanese: ꦩꦼꦚꦮꦏ꧀ (menyawak)
→ Indonesian: menyawak

West Barito

Ngaju: bajawak


anay

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Central Malayo-Polynesian:

Bima: ane

Buru (Indonesia): ana

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Oceanic: *ane
Admiralty Islands:
Leipon: an
Loniu: an
Pak-Tong: an
Central-Eastern Oceanic:
Central Pacific:
Fijian: yane
Proto-Polynesian: *ane (see there for further descendants)
Southeast Solomonic:
Arosi: ane
Bughotu: ane
Gela: ane
St. Matthias Islands:
Mussau-Emira: ane

Western Malayo-Polynesian:

Basap–Greater Barito:

Basap: ane

Sama-Bajaw:

Central Sama: anay

West Coast Bajau: anai-anai

Yakan: aney

Kayanic:

Baram Kayan: anei

Land Dayak:

Benyadu': ané

Rejang: anei-anei, nanei

Ribun: anai-anai

North Borneo:

Central Sarawak:

Aoheng: ane

Punan Bah-Biau: anai

Proto-North Sarawak:

Berawan: anai

Bintulu: anai

Dayic:

Kelabit: ane

Kenyah:

Bakung: anai

Eastern Penan: anai

Western Penan: anai

Northwest Sabah:

Bonggi: ani

Southwest Sabah:

Dusunic:

Central Dusun: tanai

Rungus: anai

Tobilung: tanai

Paitanic:

Upper Kinabatangan: anai

Proto-Philippine: *anay
Batanic:
Ibatan: anay
Ivatan: anay
Central Luzon:
Kapampangan: ane
Sambalic:
Abenlen Ayta: anag
Bolinao: anag
Mag-Anchi Ayta: anag
Greater Central Philippine:
Central Philippine
Bikol:
Bikol Central: anoy, aloy
Northern Catanduanes Bicolano: anay
Mansakan:
Mamanwa: anay
Mansaka: anay
Tagakaulu Kalagan: anay
Tagalogic:
Tagalog: anay
Visayan:
Asi:
Asi: anay
Cebu:
Cebuano: anay
Central:
Hiligaynon: anay
Masbatenyo: anay
Waray-Waray: anay
South:
Tausug: anay
West:
Aklanon: anay
Danao:
Maranao: anay
Manobo:
Agusan Manobo: 'anoy
Ata Manobo: anoy
Western Bukidnon Manobo: aney
Palawan:
Aborlan Tagbanwa: anay
Brooke's Point Palawano: aney
Central Tagbanwa: anay
South Mangyan:
Hanunoo: anay
Subanen:
Central Subanen: anay
Kalamian:
Agutaynen: anay
Northern Luzon:
Cagayan Valley:
Gaddang: anay
Isnag: an-anay
Itawit: anay
Ilocano: anay
Northeastern Luzon:
Casiguran Dumagat Agta: anay
South-Central Cordilleran:
Central Cordilleran:
Central Bontoc: aney
Limos Kalinga: anoy
Mayoyao Ifugao: ane
Northern Kankanay: aney, anay
Tuwali Ifugao: ane
Northern Cordilleran:
Keley-I Kallahan: aney
South Mindanao:
Tiruray: aney

Celebic:

Mori Bawah: ane

Pamona: ane

Tajio: siane

Wolio: ane

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:

Batak:

Dairi Batak: ane-ane, anei, cane

Karo Batak: ane-ane

Simeulue: anae-anae

Palauan: ngal

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Proto-Malayic: *anay-anay
Banjarese: anay-anay
Malay: anai-anai
Indonesian: anai-anai
Minangkabau: anai-anai

Sundanese: anai

Proto-South Sulawesi:

Buginese: ane

Embaloh: ane

Mandar: ane

Tae': ane

insect of the order Isoptera: termite, white ant


hawak

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Cagayan Valley

Itawit: áwak

Meso-Cordilleran

Central Cordilleran

Bontok–Kankanaey

Central Bontoc: ʔáwak

Kankanaey: áwak

Kalinga

Limos Kalinga: awak

Lubuagan Kalinga: awak

Southern Cordilleran

Pangasinan: áwak

Central Luzon

Sambali: awak

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Bikol

Bikol Central: háwak

Iriga Bicolano: awak

Visayan

Cebuano: háwak

Aklanon: háwak

Hiligaynon: háwak

Kinaray-a: hawak

Mansakan

Mansaka: awak

Tagakaulu Kalagan: awak

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: háwak

Manobo

Western Bukidnon Manobo: awak

Dibabawon Manobo: hawak

Gorontalo–Mongondow

Gorontalo: wawa'o

Mongondow: awak

Sangiric

Talaud: awaa

North Bornean

Southwest Sabahan

Dusunic

Central Dusun: tawak

Coastal Kadazan: tavak

Rungus: avak

Murutic

Southern Tidung: awak

North Sarawakan

Dayic

Kelabit: awa'

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Northern Batak

Dairi Batak: abak

Karo Batak: awak

Southern Batak

Toba Batak: ak

Simalungun Batak: awak

Simeulue: awa'

Rejang: awok

Malayo-Sumbawan

Chamic

Acehnese: awak

Malayic: *awak

Banjarese: awak

Malay: awak
Indonesian: awak

Minangkabau: awak

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: ᬳᬯᬓ᭄ (awak)

Sasak: awak

Sundanese: ᮃᮝᮊ᮪ (awak)

Old Javanese: awak

Javanese: ꦲꦮꦏ꧀ (awak)

South Sulawesi: *awak

Celebic

Kaili–Pamona

Pamona: awa

Uma: aak

Muna–Buton

Muna: aa

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Manggarai: awak

Rembong: awak

Central Maluku

Buru (Indonesia): awa-n

Kayeli: awa-i

Oceanic

Central Pacific

Rotuman: ao

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *Sawak.


bukbuk

Central Malayo-Polynesian:

Central Maluku:

Asilulu: huhu

Buru (Indonesia): fufuk

Timoric:

Bilba: fufuk (Rote)

Luang: wuwa (Wetan)

Tetun Dili: fuhuk

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih:

Buli (Indonesia): pupi

desctree

Proto-Oceanic: *pupuk
Central-Eastern Oceanic:
Central Pacific: *vuvu
Proto-Polynesian: *fufu
Proto-Nuclear Polynesian:
Proto-Eastern Polynesian:
Marquesic:
Hawaiian: huhu
Mangarevan: ʻuʻu
North Marquesan: huhu
Rapa Nui: huhu
Tahitic:
Maori: huhu
Rarotongan: ʻuʻu
Tahitian: huhu
Western Polynesian:
Ellicean-Outlier:
Tuvaluan: pupu, uu
Tongic:
Niuean: fufu
Southeast Solomonic:
'Are'are: huhu
Gela: vuvu
Lau: fufu
Western Oceanic:
Meso-Melanesian:
Cheke Holo: fufu
Nakanai: vuvu
Roviana: vuvunu
North New Guinea:
Gedaged: fuf
Papuan Tip:
Molima: wuwuwuva
Motu: bubu

Western Malayo-Polynesian:

Greater Barito:

East Barito:

Malagasy: vovoka

Proto-Philippine: *bukbuk

Chamorro: poppo

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Bali-Sasak:

Balinese: bubuk

Sasak: bubuk

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Malayic: *bubuk
Iban: bubuk
Malay: bubuk
Indonesian: bubuk
Urak Lawoi': บูโบะ (buboq)

Sundanese: bubuk

Old Javanese: bubuk

Javanese: ꦧꦸꦧꦸꦏ꧀ (bubuk)

Proto-South Sulawesi:

Makasar: bu'bu'

Mandar: bu'bu'

Tae': bu'buk

weevil that infests wood, bamboo, and rice


gakgak

Western Indonesian

Greater North Borneo

Proto-Malayic:

Malayic

Malay: gagak (“crow”)
Indonesian: gagak (“crow”)

Brunei Malay: gagak (“crow”)

Old Javanese: gāgā (“crow”), gāgak, gagak
→ Balinese: ᬕᬵᬕᬵ (gaga, “crow”)
Javanese: ꦒꦒꦏ꧀ (gagak)

Proto-Philippine:

Northern Luzon

Northeastern Luzon

Dupaningan Agta: gakgak (“crow”)

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

desc

Tagalog: gakgak (“idle talk, babble, chatter; idle talker, babbler, chatterer”)


punay

Philippine

Batanic

Itbayaten: ponay

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: punay

Isnag: punay

Central Luzon

Alangan: punay

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Bikol Central: punay

Visayan

Cebuano: punay

Aklanon: punay

Waray-Waray: punay

Mansakan

Mansaka: ponay

Tagakaulu Kalagan: punay

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: punay

Danao

Maranao: ponay

Sangiric

Sangir: pune

Minahasan

Tontemboan: puney

Barito

East Barito

Ma'anyan: punei

Malagasy: fony

West Barito

Ngaju: punei

North Bornean

Southwest Sabahan

Central Dusun: punai

North Sarawakan

Bakung: punay

Bintulu: punai

Kayanic

Busang Kayan: pune

Northwest Sumatra—Barrier Islands

Batak

Karo Batak: pune

Toba Batak: pune

Gayo: pune

Nias: fune

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Iban: punai

Malay: punai
Indonesian: punai

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Sasak: puneq

South Sulawesi

Buginese: punne

Celebic

Tomini–Tolitoli

Pendau: pune

Kaili–Pamona

Pamona: pune

Bungku–Tolaki

Kulisusu: pune

Wotu–Wolio

Wolio: pune

Oceanic: *bune

Admiralty Islands

Nauna: pun

Wuvulu-Aua: pune

Western Oceanic

Meso-Melanesian

Madak: buna

Tolai: buna

North New Guinea

Kairiru: pun

Manam: bune

Gedaged: bun

Papuan Tip

Keapara: pune

Hula: pune

Motu: pune

Central–Eastern Oceanic

Southern Oceanic

Araki: va-pune

Central Pacific

Fijian: bune


nipis

Central Philippine

Tagalog: nipis

Visayan

Cebuano: nipis

Tausug: nipis


lakaw

Philippine:

Bikol Central: lakaw

Cebuano: lakaw

Batak:

Simalungun Batak: laho

Chamorro: lahu

desctree

Old Javanese: laku
> Javanese: ꦭꦏꦸ (laku) (inherited)
>? Malay: laku
Ilocano: lako
Tagalog: lako
> Indonesian: laku (inherited)


dapdap

Philippine

Batanic

Ivatan: raprap, rapdap

Northern Luzon

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: dipdip

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: dapdap

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: dapdáp

Bikol Central: dapdáp

Visayan

Cebuano: dapdáp

Aklanon: dápdap

Masbatenyo: dápdap

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: dapdáp

South Mindanao

Tboli: dóf

Minahasan

Tontemboan: ra'dap

Barito

West Barito

Ngaju: dadap

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Dairi Batak: endapdap

Karo Batak: ndapdap

Toba Batak: dapdap

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Malay: dedap, dadap
Indonesian: dadap

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: ḍapḍap

Sasak: dadap

Madurese: dhâddhâ'

Sundanese: dadap

Old Javanese: ḍaḍap

Javanese: dhadhap

Palauan: róro

Oceanic

Southeast Solomonic

Bugotu–Gela

Gela: rara

Malaita–Makira

Sa'a: rara

Arosi: rara

Lau: rara

Central Pacific

Western Fijian: rara

Fijian: rara

a tree with dense clusters of red flowers, the coral tree, Erythrina spp.


tulak

Philippine

Batanic

Ibatan: tolak

Northern Luzon

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: tulak

Pangasinan: tolák

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: túlak

Sambalic

Mag-Anchi Ayta: tolak

Bolinao: tulak

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: túlak

Visayan

Cebuano: túlak

Hiligaynon: túlak

Tausug: tulak

Palawanic

Central Palawano: tulak

Danao

Maranao: tolak

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Toba Batak: tulak

Malayo-Sumbawan

Proto-Malayic: *tulak

Iban: tulak

Malay: tolak
Indonesian: tolak
North Moluccan Malay: tola (“to push”)

Minangkabau: tulak

Urak Lawoi': ตูละ (tulaq)

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: ᬢᬸᬮᬓ᭄ (tulak)

Sumbawa: tolak

Old Javanese: tulak

Javanese: ꦠꦸꦭꦏ꧀ (tulak)

South Sulawesi: *tulak (“prop up”)

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Kambera: tulaku

Oceanic

Central Pacific

Proto-Polynesian: *tulak-i
Tongic
Tongan: tulaki
Nuclear Polynesian
Samoic–Outlier
Pukapukan: tuleki
Samoan: tulei
Eastern Polynesian
Marquesic
Hawaiian: kulaʻi
Mangarevan: turàki
North Marquesan: tuaki
South Marquesan: tuaʻi
Tahitic
Tahitian: turaʻi
Maori: turaki
Penrhyn: turaki
Tuamotuan: turaki


bətiq

Tagalog: binti

Simeulue: beti'


bətiq

Philippine

Maranao: betiq

Tiruray: betiʔ

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Timor

Uab Meto: beti'


layaʀ

Central Malayo-Polynesian:

Central Maluku:

Boano (Maluku): naan

Manipa: leale

Flores–Lembata:

Lamaholot: laja

Sumba–Flores:

Kambera: líru

Komodo: lajah

Manggarai: lajar

Rembong: lazar

Timor–Babar:

Bilba: la

Leti: lara

Tetun Dili: laan

Tugun: lar

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih:

Sawai: lóe

Waropen: rararo

Proto-Oceanic: *layaʀ
Admiralty Islands:
Yapese: laay
Central-Eastern Oceanic:
Central Pacific:
Fijian: laca, laya
Proto-Polynesian: *la (see there for further descendants)
Rotuman: läe
Western Fijian: laca
Micronesian: *lea
Southern Oceanic:
Bieria: nlai
North Efate: nalae
Western Oceanic:
Dobu: naia
Hula: ra
Kilivila: naya
Lala (New Guinea): ra
Motu: lara
Wedau: nala

Western Malayo-Polynesian:

Greater Barito:

East Barito:

Malagasy: lay

Sama-Bajaw:

Central Sama: leha

Mapun: lē

West Barito:

Ngaju: layar

Land Dayak:

Rejang: layea

North Borneo:

Central Sarawak:

Central Melanau: layah

Proto-North Sarawak:

Bintulu: lazeh

Northeast Sabah:

Bonggi: liaag

Ida'an: layag

Southwest Sabah:

Dusunic:

Central Dusun: layag

Coastal Kadazan: hazag

Rungus: lazag

Tobilung: layag

Paitanic:

Abai Sungai: layag

Tombonuo: layag

Proto-Philippine: *layaʀ
Central Luzon:
Kapampangan: layag
Greater Central Philippine:
Central Philippine:
Bikol Central: layag
Mansaka: layag
Tagalog: layag
Visayan:
Aklanon: eayag
Cebuano: layag
Hiligaynon: layag
Masbatenyo: layag
Waray-Waray: layag
Danao:
Maranao: layag
Tausug: layag
Gorontalo–Mongondow:
Kaidipang: layago
Mongondow: leag
Manobo:
Western Bukidnon Manobo: layag
South Mangyan:
Hanunoo: layag
Northern Luzon:
Casiguran Dumagat Agta: layag
Dupaningan Agta: layag
Ilocano: layag
South Mindanao:
Tiruray: layag

Celebic:

Lauje: layag

Tajio: layag

Totoli: leag

Chamorro: layak

Moklenic:

Moken: layan

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:

Toba Batak: rear

Nias: loyo

Simeulue: laeal

Palauan: yars

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Bali–Sasak:

Balinese: layah

Sasak: layar

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Chamic:

Acehnese: layeuë

Proto-Malayic: *layar
Iban: layar
Malay: layar
Indonesian: layar
Urak Lawoi': ลายัยํ (layal)

Sundanese: ᮜᮚᮁ (layar)

sail (a piece of fabric attached to a boat)


pəñu

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *pəñu

Central Malayo-Polynesian:

Central Maluku:

Asilulu: wenu

Kayeli: heno

Kamarian: penu

Seit-Kaitetu: wenu

Kei–Tanimbar:

Fordata: fennu

Yamdena: feni

Sumba–Flores:

Bima: fonu

Komodo: penu

Manggarai: penu

Timor–Babar:

Leti: enu

Luang: eni

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih:

East Makian: hen

Ma'ya: ꞌfe³n

Sawai: fén

Proto-Oceanic: *poñu
Admiralty Islands:
Eastern:
Manus:
Eastern Manus:
Andra-Hus: pun
Intermediate:
Loniu: poñ
Western Manus:
Bipi: puy
Nyindrou: boy
Sori-Harengan: boy
Southeast:
Nauna: puñ
Western:
Kaniet: foñ
Seimat: hon
Wuvulu-Aua: ponu
Central-Eastern Oceanic:
Central Pacific:
Fijian: vonu
Proto-Polynesian: *fonu
Proto-Nuclear Polynesian:
Proto-Eastern Polynesian:
Marquesic:
Hawaiian: honu
Mangarevan: ’onu
North Marquesan: honu
Rapa Nui: honu
Tahitic:
Maori: honu
Rakahanga-Manihiki: honu
Rapa: ’onu
Rarotongan: ’onu
Tahitian: honu
Tuamotuan: honu
Western Polynesian:
Ellicean–Outlier:
Kapingamarangi: hono
Nukuoro: honu, holu
Pileni: honu, fonu
Sikaiana: honu
Tuvaluan: fonu
Futunic:
Anuta: ponu
East Futuna: fonu
Emae: fonu
Futuna-Aniwa: fonu
Mele-Fila: fonu
Pukapukan: wonu
Tikopia: fonu
West Uvean: fonu
Samoic:
Niuatoputapu: fonu
Tokelauan: fonu
Tongic:
Niuafo'ou: fonu
Niuean: fonu
Tokelauan: fonu
Western Fijian: vonu
Micronesian:*woñu
Chuukese: wiin
Gilbertese: on
Mokilese: woi
Pohnpeian: wehi
Southeast Solomonic:
Bugotu–Gela:
Bughotu: vognu
Gela: vonu
Malaita–Makira:
Makira:
Arosi: honu
Malaita:
Central:
Kwaio: fonu
Kwara'ae: hun
Lau: fonu
Northern:
To'abaita: fonu
Southern:
'Are'are: honu
Sa'a: honu
Southern Oceanic:
Axamb: ni-vü
North Efate: vonu, fonu
St. Matthias Islands:
Mussau-Emira: onu
Western Oceanic:
Meso-Melanesian:
Madak: un
Muduapa: bonu
Nakanai: e-bolu
Tangga: fun
Tigak: un
Tolai: bonu
North New Guinea:
Gedaged: fon
Kove: ponu
Lusi: ponu
Manam: pong
Mbula: pen
Wogeo: foñ
Papuan Tip:
Bwanabwana: won
Kilivila: wonu
Roro: bonu

Western Malayo-Polynesian:

Greater Barito:

East Barito:

Malagasy: fano (dialectal)

Sama-Bajaw:

Inabaknon: panno

Mapun: pannu

West Coast Bajau: penu

Yakan: pennu

Land Dayak:

Bau Bidayuh: ponyu

Biatah Bidayuh: penyu

Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh: panyu'

Rara Bakati': panyok

North Bornean:

Central Sarawak:

Central Melanau: penyu'

Southwest Sabah:

Central Dusun: pondu

Proto-Philippine: *pəñu

Central Subanen: ponu

Cotabato Manobo: pɨnu

Ratahan: tomponu

Celebic:

Proto-Bungku-Tolaki: *ponu

Dampelas: ponyu

Lauje: ponyu

Muna: ponu

Wolio: ponu

Moklenic:

Moken: penyui

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:

Nias: fõnu

Simeulue: eno

Toba Batak: ponu

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Bali-Sasak:

Balinese: penyu

Sasak: penyu

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Chamic:

Acehnese: peunyie, pinyie, punyi

Proto-Malayic: *pəñu
Iban: penyu
Kendayan: panyo'
Malay: penyu
Indonesian: penyu
Urak Lawoi': ปือญู (penyu)

Sundanese: penyu

Old Javanese: penyu

Javanese: penyu

Proto-South Sulawesi:

Buginese: pennyu

Makasar: pannyu

Selayar: pannyu


kuluʀ

Philippine: *kuluʀ

Central Philippine

Bikol Central: kulo

Cebuano: kulo

Gorontalo–Mongondow

Mongondow: kulug

Sangiric

Talaud: ulrukka

Greater Barito

Sama-Bajaw

Mapun: kulu

North Bornean

Southwest Sabahan

Paitanic

Tombonuo: kulu

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Karo Batak: kulur

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayo-Chamic

Chamic

Acehnese: kulu

Malayic *kulur

Iban: kurur

Malay: kulur

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Sasak: kuluh

Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Aru: *kuluʀ

Dobel: úlur

Kola: kúluh

Selaru

Selaru: us

Sumba–Flores

Kambera: kulu

Timoric

Ili'uun:

Erai: ulu

Tetum: kulu

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Halmahera–Cenderawasih

Biak: ur

Proto-Oceanic: *kuluʀ (see there for further descendants)

* Proto-Malayo-Polynesian: *kuluʀ (Blust, 2008)


quzan

Proto-Philippine: *qudán (see there for further descendants)

North Bornean

North Sarawakan

Kelabit: udan

Barito

East Barito

Malagasy: orana

Northwest Sumatra

Proto-Batak: *udan
Karo Batak: udan
Simalungun Batak: udan
Toba Batak: udan

Old Javanese: udan

Javanese: udan

Moken: kujan

Malayo-Sumbawan

Sundanese: ᮠᮥᮏᮔ᮪ (hujan)

Balinese: ᬳᬸᬚᬦ᭄

Proto-Malayo-Chamic: *hujan

Proto-Chamic: *hujaːn
Acehnese: ujeuen
Coastal Chamic:
Cham:
Eastern Cham: ꨨꨎꩆ (hajan)
Western Cham: jan
Highlands Chamic:
Chru-Northern Chamic:
Chru: xəja:n
Northern Chamic:
Northern Roglai: hujaːt
Tsat: saːn¹¹
Bih: ujan
Jarai: hơjan
Rade: hjan

Malayic (Proto-Malayic: *hujan) (see there for further descendants)

South Sulawesi

Toraja-Sa'dan: uran

Celebic

Balantak: usan

Lindu: uda

Palauan: chull

Chamorro: uchan

Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Timor-Babar

Tetumic

Tetum: udan

South-East Timor

Luangic

Leti: utna

Proto-Oceanic: *qusan (see there for further descendants)


tumah

Philippine

Batanic

Itbayat: tomah

Ivatan: tuma

Ibatan: toma

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: túma

Meso-Cordilleran

Central Cordilleran

Ifugao

Batad Ifugao: tūma

Mayoyao Ifugao: túma

Bontok-Kankanaey

Central Bontoc: túma

Kankanaey: túma

Southern Cordilleran

Pangasinan: tomá

Karao: toma

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: tuma

Sambalic

Abenlen Ayta: tomah

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: túma

Bikol Central: túma

Visayan

Cebuano: túma

Mansaka: toma

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: túma

Palawanic

Central Palawano: tuma

Brooke's Point Palawano: tuma

Subanen

Central Subanen: tuma

Manobo

Binukid: tuma

Danao

Maranao: tom

Gorontalo–Mongondow

Gorontalo: tumo

Mongondow: tuma

Kalamian

Calamian Tagbanwa: tuma'

Sangiric

Sangir: tuma

Minahasan

Tontemboan: tuma

Greater Barito

Sama–Bajaw

Yakan: tume

Mapun: tuma

West Coast Bajau: tumo

Indonesian Bajau: tuma

West Barito

Ngaju: tume

North Bornean

Northeast Sabahan

Bonggi: tuma

Ida'an: tumo

North Sarawakan

Dayic

Kelabit: tumeh

Central Sarawakan

Punan

Punan Tubu: tumoh

Land Dayak

Bidayuh

Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh: tumuh

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Karo Batak: tuma

Dairi Batak: tuma

Toba Batak: tuma

Rejang: tumêi

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Iban: tuma

Malay: tuma
Indonesian: tuma

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: tuma

Sasak: tuma, ketuma

Madurese: tuma

Sundanese: tuma

Old Javanese: tuma
Javanese: ꦠꦸꦩ (tuma)

South Sulawesi

Bugis–Tamanic

Buginese: tuma

Makassaric

Makasar: gantuma

Northern

Mandar: tuma

Tae': tuma

Celebic

Saluan–Banggai

Balantak: tuma'

Muna–Buton

Muna: tuma

Tomini–Tolitoli

Tolitoli

Totoli: tuma

Tomini

Tajio: tuma

Dampelas: tuma

Wotu–Wolio

Wolio: tuma

Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *tuma

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Western Flores

Manggarai: tuma

Komodo: tuma

Ngadha: tuma

Kei–Tanimbar

Kei: tuman

Fordata: tuma

Yamdena: tume

Selaru

Selaru: tum-lef

Timoric

Tetumic

Tetum: tuma, katuma

Rote–Meto

Bilba: tuma

Luangic

Luang: toma

Leti: tuma

Central Maluku

West Central Maluku

Buru (Indonesia): tuman

Taliabu: tuma

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Halmahera–Cenderawasih

Halmahera Sea

Buli (Indonesia): tun

Sawai: étim

Oceanic: *tuma

Western Oceanic

North New Guinea

Ngero–Vitiaz

Lusi: tuma

Kove: tuma

Huon Gulf

Jabem: tôm

Meso-Melanesian

Nakanai: la-tuma

Papuan Tip

Are

Gapapaiwa: tuma

Suauic

Suau: tuma

Saliba (New Guinea): tuma

Bwanabwana: tuma

Oumic

Magori: tuma

→? Mailu: tuma

Central-Eastern Oceanic

Southeast Solomonic

Bugotu–Gela

Gela: tuma

Malaita–Makira

Wala: ne-tum

Central Pacific

Polynesian: *tuma

Tongic

Tongan: tuma

Niuean: tuma

Nuclear Polynesian

Ellicean

Nukuoro: tuma

Futunic

East Futuna: tuma

Wallisian: tuma


linaw

Philippine

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: lino

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: linaw

Bikol Central: linaw

Cebuano: linaw

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: linaw

Palawanic

Central Palawano: linew

Manobo

Dibabawon Manobo: linaw

Western Bukidnon Manobo: linew

Danao

Maranao: linaw

Sangiric: *linaw

Minahasan: *leno

Celebic

Tomini–Tolitoli

Boano (Sulawesi): nina

Muna–Buton

Muna: lino

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Central Maluku

Asilulu: lina

Oceanic: *malino

Western Oceanic

Lala (New Guinea): maino

Cheke Holo: malino

Central-Eastern Oceanic

Central Pacific

Proto-Polynesian: *malino
Hawaiian: malino
Maori: marino


bəʀkəs

Philippine

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: bigkís

Bikol Central: bugkós

Visayan

Cebuano: bugkós

Aklanon: búgkos

Hiligaynon: búgkos

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: bugkús

Danao

Maranao: bekes

Gorontalo–Mongondow

Mongondow: bogot

Kalamian

Tagbanwa: begkes

South Mindanao

Tboli: bkes

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Karo Batak: berkes

Toba Batak: borhos

Malayo-Sumbawan

Chamic

Acehnese: beureukaïh

Malayic

Iban: berekas

Malay: berkas
Indonesian: berkas

Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Central Maluku

Asilulu: heke

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *bokəs

Halmahera–Cenderawasih

Biak: bòs

Oceanic: *pokos

Southeast Solomonic

'Are'are: hoko

Sa'a: hoko


kiday

Proto-Philippine

Batanic

Ivatan: kilay

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: kile

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: kilay

Bikol

Bikol Central: kiray

Bisayan

Central Bisayan

Hiligaynon: kilay

Waray-Waray: kiray

Cebuano: kilay

Southern Bisayan

Tausug: kilay

Danao

Maranao: kiray


dukduk

Philippine

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: lukluk

Central Philippine

Tagalog: luklok

Malayo-Sumbawan

Chamic: *dɔːk

Acehnese: duek

Coastal Chamic

Haroi: thuʔ

Eastern Cham: ꨕꨯꨱꩀ (daok)

Western Cham: داۋک (daok)

Highlands Chamic

Chru–Northern Chamic

Chru: dɔːʔ

Northern Chamic

Northern Roglai: dɔːʔ

Tsat: thoʔ⁴²

Jarai-Rade

Jarai: dŏ

Rade: dôk

Bih: dôk

Malayic: *duduk

Banjarese: duduk

Kendayan: duduk

Ibanic

Iban: dudʊə̯ʔ

Keninjal: dudoʔ

Mualang: dudoə̯k

Seberuang: duduə̯k

Malayan

Malay: duduk, duk (clipping)
Indonesian: duduk

Minangkabau: duduak

Pattani Malay: ดูโดะ (dudoʔ)

Urak Lawoi': ดูโดะ (dudoq)

Old Javanese: ḍuḍuk


takaw

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: takaw

Bisayan

Aklanon: takaw

Tausug: takaw

Mansakan

Mansaka: takaw

Manobo

Higaonon: takaw

Western Bukidnon Manobo: takew

Northwest Sumatran

Batak

Alas-Kluet Batak: tangkou

Karo Batak: tangko

Toba Batak: tangko

Nias: tagö


latak

Sundanese-Baduy

Baduy: latak

Sundanese: leutak

Proto-Malayic: *latak

Iban: latak

Malay: latak (“dreg”)

Indonesian: latak

→ Tagalog: latak


bənər

Proto-Polynesian: *pono

Proto-Eastern Polynesian:

Marquesic:

Hawaiian: pono

Mangarevan: ʻapono, popono

North Marquesan: pono

Tahitic:

Maori: pono

Tahitian: pono

Tuamotuan: pono

Futunic:

Pukapukan: pono

Greater Barito:

Sama-Bajaw:

Mapun: bana, banna

Yakan: bennal

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:

Batak:

Angkola Batak: bonar

Dairi Batak: benar

Karo Batak: benar

Mandailing Batak: bonar

Toba Batak: bonor

Lampungic:

Abung: benor

Bali–Sasak-Sumbawa

Balinese: beneh, benah

Sasak: bender

Madurese: bendher

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Chamic:

Acehnese: beuna

Proto-Malayic: *bənər (see there for further descendants)

Sundanese: bener, beuneur

Old Javanese: bener

Javanese: bener


taqan

Philippine

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: taan

Bikol Central: taan

Cebuano: taan

Mansaka: taan

Manobo

Western Bukidnon Manobo: taan

Danao

Maranao: taan

Minahasan: *taʔan

Tontemboan: ta'an

Sama–Bajaw

Mapun: taan

North Sarawakan

Lun Bawang: taan

Malayic

Malay: tahan

Indonesian: tahan


taqan

Philippine

Tagalog: taan

Malayic: *tahən

Iban: tan

Malay: tahan
Indonesian: tahan
→ Cantonese: 打限 (daa² haan⁶)
→ English: tahan
→ Min Nan: 打限 (tá-hān)

Urak Lawoi': ตาฮัด (tahat)

Old Javanese: tahĕn

Javanese: tahan

South Sulawesi: *taan

Toraja-Sa'dan: tanan

Makasar: tanang


taʀaq

Oceanic:

Fijian tā

Proto-Polynesian: *taa

Nuclear Polynesian:

Eastern Polynesian:

Marquesic:

Hawaiian: kā

Tahitic:

Maori: tā

Rarotongan: tā

Ellicean:

Samoan: tā

Tuvaluan: taa

Tongic:

Niuean: tā

Tongan: tā

Proto-Malayic: *tarah (see there for further descendants)


qalun

East Barito

Malagasy: aluna

Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian

Javanese: alun

Old Javanese: alun, halun

Malayo-Sumbawan

Bali-Sasak

Balinese: alun

Malayic

Ibanic

Iban: alun

Malayan

Indonesian: alun

Malay: alun

Old Javanese: alun, halun

Oceanic

Western

Papuan Tip

Nuclear

Suauic

Bwanabwana: yalu

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: allon

Itawis: alun

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: alun

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Bikol Central: alon

Cebuano: alun

Tagalog: alon

Sama-Bajau

Abaknon: alon


panaw

Central Philippine

Visayan

Tausug: panaw


panaw

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: panaw

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Bikol Central: panaw

Danao

Maranao: panaw

Northwest Sumatra–Barier Islands

Proto-Batak: *panow

Karo Batak: pano

Toba Batak: pano-pano

Malayo-Sumbawan

Chamic

Acehnese: panèë

Malayic

Iban: panau

Malay: panau
Indonesian: panau

South Sulawesi

Northern

Tae': pano

Mandar: pano

Makassaric

Makasar: pano

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Western Flores

Manggarai: pano

Rembong: pano

Ngadha: pano

Sumba–Hawu

Kambera: panu

Timoric

Bilba: hano

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Halmahera–Cenderawasih

Sawai: fɔn

Oceanic

Admiralty Islands

Nauna: pan

Southeast Solomonic

'Are'are: hano

Sa'a: hano

fungus infection which produces light patches on the skin: Tinea flava or Pityriasis


paqit

Philippine

Batanic

Yami: pait

Ivatan: payit

Ibatan: payit

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: paít

Pangasinan: paít

Central Philippine

Tagalog: paít

Visayan

Cebuano: pait

Tausug: pait

Mansakan

Mansaka: pait

Tagakaulu Kalagan: payit

Kalamian

Agutaynen: pakit

Calamian Tagbanwa: pakit

South Mindanao

Tboli: héét

Barito

East Barito

Malagasy: faitra

West Barito

Ngaju: pait

North Bornean

North Sarawak

Bakung: pa'it

Kelabit: pa'it

Malayo-Sumbawan

Chamic: *phit

Acehnese: phét

Coastal Chamic

Eastern Cham: ꨜꨪꩀ (phik)

Western Cham: فحيک (phik)

Highlands Chamic

Jarai: phĭ

Rade: phĭ

Malayic

Iban: pait

Malay: pahit
Indonesian: pahit
→ Tok Pisin: pait

Urak Lawoi': ปาเฮะ (pahëq)

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: pahit

Sasak: pait

Old Javanese: pahit

Javanese: pait

South Sulawesi

Makasar: pai'

Celebic

Muna–Buton

Muna: paghi

Chamorro: fa'et


zukut

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Proto-Batak: *dukut

Karo Batak: dukut

Toba Batak: duhut

Nias: du'u

Malayo-Sumbawan

Sundanese: jukut

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: jukut

Old Javanese: jukut
Javanese: ꦗꦸꦏꦸꦠ꧀ (jukut, “vegetable”, literally “grass”)
→ Sundanese: ᮏᮥᮊᮥᮒ᮪ (jukut, “grass”)
→ Balinese: ᬚᬸᬓᬸᬢ᭄ (jukut)

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Tetum: du'ut


butuq

Western Malayo-Polynesian:

Barito:

Southeast Barito:

Ma'anyan: wutu

Malagasy: voto

Proto-Philippine: *butuq
Central Luzon:
Kapampangan: butu
Greater Central Philippine:
Central Philippine:
Bikol:
Bikol Central: buto
Mansakan:
Mansaka: boto
Visayan:
Aklanon: boto
Cebuano: butu
Danao:
Maranao: boto
Northern Luzon:
Central Bontoc: butu
Ilocano: buto
Yogad: butu

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Balinese: ᬩᬸᬢᬸᬄ (butuh)

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Chamic:

Acehnese: butôh

Proto-Malayic: *butuh
Iban: butuh
Malayan:
Banjarese: butuh
Malay: butuh, (Sambas, colloquial Malaysia) butoh, (colloquial) uto, (colloquial) buto
Indonesian: butuh

South Sulawesi:

Makasar: buto

Moken: butuk


təŋaq

Proto-Philippine

Aklanon: tunga

Bikol Central: tanga

Binukid: tenga

Cebuano: tunga

Hanunoo: tunga

Ilocano: tengnga

Isnag: tangnga

Western Bukidnon Manobo: tenga

Southern Bontoc: tenga

Northern Bontoc: tenga

Tagalog: gitna

Tausug: tunga

Yakan: tenga

Ida'an: tengnga

Timugon Murut: tanga

Malagasy: tena-tena

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:

Proto-Batak

Karo Batak: tengah

Mentawai: tenga

Rejang: tengeê

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan

Sundanese: ᮒᮨᮍᮂ (tengah)

Proto-Malayo-Chamic

Balinese: tengah

Proto-Malayic

Malay: tengah

Indonesian: tengah

Javanese: tengah

Proto-South Sulawesi: *tɨŋŋa

Makasar: tangnga


tumpul

Central Philippine

Visayan

Tausug: tumpul

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malay: tumpul


palihi

Philippine

Central Philippine

Visayan

Cebuano: palhi

Aklanon: palhi

Manobo

⇒ Western Bukidnon Manobo: lihiyan

Palawanic

Central Palawano: lihi

Barito

East Barito

Malagasy: fady

West Barito

Ngaju: pali

North Bornean

North Sarawakan

Kelabit: alih

Central Sarawakan

Central Melanau: palei

Malayo-Sumbawan

Chamic

Rade: mlei

Proto-Malayic: *p-əm-ali < *p-um-ali

Iban: pemali

Malay: pemali
Indonesian: pemali
→ Bima: pamali

Old Javanese: pali

Celebic

Kaili–Pamona

Pamona: pali

Oceanic

Central–Eastern Oceanic

Micronesian

Pohnpeic

Pohnpeian: pel

Chuukic

Chuukese: fen, fáán

Puluwat: fáál

Woleaian: fali

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *paliSi.


butun

Philippine

Central Philippine

Bikol Central: butóng

Barito

East Barito

Malagasy: bontona

West Barito

Ngaju: buton

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Simeulue: butun

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

desctree

Malay: butung, butun, buntun
Indonesian: butun

Javanese: butun

South Sulawesi

Buginese: butung

Celebic

Wotu–Wolio

Wolio: butu

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Central Maluku

Asilulu: hutun

Palauan: bdúul

Oceanic

Admiralty Islands

Manus

Manus Koro: brut

Khehek: puk

West

Seimat: hut

Wuvulu-Aua: pu'u

Western Oceanic

Meso-Melanesian

New Ireland–Northwest Solomonic

Tungag–Nalik

Tigak: utun

St. George

Tangga: fut

Tolai: wutun

Northwest Solomonic

Simbo: putu

Willaumez

Nakanai: putu

Central-Eastern Oceanic

Southeast Solomonic

Bugotu–Gela

Bughotu: vutu

Gela: vutu

Malaita–Makira

Sa'a: huu

Makira

Arosi: huu

Malaita

Lau: fū

'Are'are: hū

Southern Oceanic

North Vanuatu

Mota: vutu

Central Pacific

Rotuman: hufu

Fijian: vutu

Proto-Polynesian: *futu

Nuclear Polynesian

Samoic–Outlier

Ellicean

Nukuoro: kava-hutu

Sikaiana: hutu

Tuvaluan: futu

Futunic

Anuta: putu

East Futuna: futu

Emae: futu

Futuna-Aniwa: futu

Tikopia: futu

Samoic

Samoan: futu

Tokelauan: futu

Eastern Polynesian

Marquesic

Mangarevan: ùtu

North Marquesan: hutu

Tahitic

Maori: hutu

Tahitian: hutu

Tuamotuan: hutu

Tongic

Tongan: futu

Niuean: futu

Niuafo'ou: futu


kutíŋ

Brunei Malay: ucing

Malay: kucing

Indonesian: kucing

Unclear. The Malay kucing currently refers almost exclusively to domestic cats, but the term (and its Proto-Malayo-Polynesian equivalent) may have formerly been used to refer to wild felines.


bataq

Central Philippine

Tagalog: bata

Visayan

Cebuano: bata

Hiligaynon: bata

Tausug: bata


waʀi

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *waʀi.


waʀi

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Proto-Batak: *wari (“day”)

Northern Batak

Alas-Kluet Batak: waRi

Karo Batak: wari

Dairi Batak: wari, ari

Southern Batak

Simalungun Batak: ari

Toba Batak: ari

Angkola Batak: ari

Mandailing Batak: ari

Rejang: bilai, bilêi (“day; daytime”)

Malayo-Sumbawan

Proto-Chamic: *hurɛy (“day”)
Acehnese: uroë
Coastal Chamic
Cham
Eastern Cham: harei / ꨨꨣꨬ
Western Cham: hray / حغاٛي
Haroi: hơrɨi
Highlands Chamic
Chru–Northern Chamic
Chru: hơrơi
Northern Chamic
Northern Roglai: hurơi
Tsat: zai³³
Jarai–Rhade
Jarai: hrơi
Rade: hruê
Bih: urei

Proto-Malayic: *ari (“day”)
Banjarese: hari
West Bornean Malayic
Ibanic
Iban: hari, ari
Keninjal: aɣi
Mualang: aɣi
Seberuang: aɣey
Western Malayic Dayak
Kendayan: ari
Nuclear Malayic
Malay: hari
Indonesian: hari
→ Javanese: ꦲꦫꦶ (ari)
Brunei Malay: hari
Central Malay: aghi
Minangkabau: ari
Pattani Malay: ฮารฺี (haṛi)
Urak Lawoi': อารี (ari)

Madurese: bâri' (“yesterday”)

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: ᬯᬳᬶ (wai, “day”)

Old Javanese: wai, way, we (“sun; day”)

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Rembong: wari (“dry in the sun”)

Ngadha: vari (“dry in the sun”)

Timoric

Tetum: bai (“day”)

desc

Selaru: wai (“put or hang something in the sun”)

Kei–Tanimbar

Yamdena: wari (“lay, put, or hang something in the sun”)

Fordata: warik (“lay, put, or hang something in the sun”)

Kei: warik (“dry in the sun”)


tambak

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: tambák

Cagayan Valley

Itawit: támbak

Meso-Cordilleran

Ibaloi: tambak

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: tambák

Bikol Central: tambák

Visayan

Cebuano: tambák

Aklanon: támbak

Masbatenyo: támbak

Romblomanon: tambak

Waray-Waray: tambák

Tausug: tambak

Manobo

Binukid: tambak

Western Bukidnon Manobo: tambak

Danao

Maranao: tambak

Gorontalo–Mongondow

Mongondow: tambak (“burial place”)

Kalamian

Agutaynen: tambak

Greater Barito

Sama–Bajaw

Yakan: tambak

West Barito

Ngaju: tambak

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands languages

Batak

Karo Batak: tambak

Toba Batak: tambak

Simeulue: tamba'

Nias: tamba

Malayo-Sumbawan

Chamic

Acehnese: seunambak

Malayic

Malay: tambak
Indonesian: tambak

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: tambak

Sasak: tambak

Sundanese: tambak

Old Javanese: tambak

desctree

Javanese: ꦠꦩ꧀ꦧꦏ꧀ (tambak)
→ English: tambak
→ Indonesian: tambak (semantic loan)

Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Kambera: tambaku

Manggarai: tamba

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Oceanic: *tabak (“dam, dyke, embankment”)

Southeast Solomonic

desc

Gela: tatamba (“to bank up with logs or stones to keep earth from falling”)


laña

Central Philippine

Danao

Maranao: lana

Visayan

Cebuano: lana

Tausug: lana

Gorontalo-Mongondow

Gorontalo

Mongondow-Ponosakan

Mongondow: lana

Ponosakan: lana


talih

East Barito:

Ma'anyan: tadi

Malagasy: tady

Proto-Philippine:

Ilocano: tali

Tagalog: tali

Central Malayo-Polynesian:

Timoric:

Tetum: tali

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Oceanic: *tali

Central Pacific:

Fijian: dali

Proto-Polynesian:

Maori: tari

Micronesian:

Chuukese: sáán

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa:

Balinese: tali

Chamorro: tali

Javanese: tali

Madurese: tale

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Chamic:

Cham:

Eastern Cham: ꨓꨤꨬ (talei)

desctree

Proto-Malayic: *tali
Iban: tali
Brunei Malay: tali
Malay: tali
Indonesian: tali


kahiw

Philippine (Proto-Philippine: *kahiw) (see there for further descendants)

North Bornean:

Northeast Sabahan:

Bonggi: kiou

Ida'an: kayu

Southwest Sabahan:

Dusunic:

Brunei Bisaya: kayu

Central Dusun: kayu

Klias River Kadazan: kazu

Labuk-Kinabatangan Kadazan: kazu

Minokok: kazu

Rungus: kazu

Paitanic:

Abai Sungai: kayu

Tombonuo: kayu

North Sarawakan:

Belait: kajeow

Bintulu: kazəw

Kelabit: kayuh

Kiput: kacəw

Lun Bawang: kayuh

Narom: hayew

Sa'ban: ayəw

Central Sarawakan:

Bukitan: kaju

Central Melanau: kayəw

Seru: kayoh

Barito:

East Barito:

Ma'anyan: kayu

Malagasy: hazo

Mahakam Barito:

Tunjung: kaju

Sama-Bajaw:

Mapun: kayu

Pangutaran Sama: kayu

Yakan: kayu

West Barito:

Ngaju: kayu

Moklenic:

Moken: kae

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:

Batak:

Angkola Batak: hayu

Karo Batak: kayu

Mandailing Batak: hayu

Toba Batak: hau

Enggano: ku

Gayo: kayu

Nias: eu

Simeulue: aeu-aeu

Malayo-Chamic

Chamic (Proto-Chamic: *kayɔw) (see there for further descendants)

Malayic (Proto-Malayic: *kayu) (see there for further descendants)

Sundanese: kai

Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa

Balinese: ᬓᬬᬸ (kayu)

Old Javanese: kayu (see there for further descendants)

Proto-South Sulawesi:

Tae': kayu

Buginese: aju

Makasar: kayu

Celebic:

Tolitoli-Tomini

Totoli: kayu

Kaili-Pamona

Uma: kaju

Pamona: kaju

Bungku-Tolaki

Mori Atas: kau

Mori Bawah: kau

Koroni: keu

Wawonii: keu

Tolaki: kasu

Moronene: keu

Muna-Buton

Muna: sau

Wotu-Wolio

Wolio: kau

Chamorro: hayu

Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Central Malayo-Polynesian:

Adonara: kajo

Bima: haju

Buru (Indonesia): kau

Geser-Gorom: kai

Komodo: haju

Manggarai: haju

Rembong: kazu

Ngadha: kadzu

Palu'e: kayu

Li'o: kayu

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Halmahera-Cenderawasih

Gebe: kai

Pom: ai

Proto-Oceanic: *kayu (see there for further descendants)


daqan kahiw

Proto-Malayic: *dahan kayu

Malay: dahan kayu
Indonesian: dahan kayu

Proto-Oceanic: *raqan kayu
Proto-Polynesian: *raqakau
Hawaiian: lāʻau
Maori: rākau
Rapa Nui: rakau
Rarotongan: rākau
Samoan: lāʻau
Tahitian: rā'au


qudaŋ

Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Central Malayo-Polynesian:

Buru (Indonesia): uran

Kedang: urang

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Oceanic: *quraŋ (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih:

Buli (Indonesia): ulang

Sawai: ulen

Western Malayo-Polynesian:

Basap–Greater Barito:

Basap: hudang

Greater Barito:

East Barito:

Dusun Witu: undrang

Ma'anyan: undrang

Malagasy: orana

Mahakam:

Tunjung: urakng

Sama-Bajaw:

Central Sama: ulang

Mapun: owang-owang (“kind of lobster”)

West Coast Bajau: odang

Yakan: ulang

West Barito:

Bakumpai: undang

Ngaju: undang

Kayanic:

Bahau: urang

Baram Kayan: urang

Busang Kayan: urang

Land Dayak:

Benyadu'–Bekati':

Bekati': ndang

Benyadu': undang

Rara Bakati': unakng

Bidayuh–Southern Land Dayak:

Biatah Bidayuh: indaang

Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh: andaang

Ribun: udang

North Bornean:

Central Sarawakan:

Melanau:

Central Melanau: udeang

Punan–Müller-Schwaner:

Müller-Schwaner 'Punan':

Aoheng: orang

Hovongan: urang

Kereho: ore

Punan:

Bukitan: urang

Punan Tubu: urang

Ukit: urang

North Sarawakan:

Dayic:

Kelabit: udang

Kenyah:

Western Penan: urang

Northeast Sabahan:

Bonggi: kulakng

Proto-Philippine: *qudaŋ (see there for further descendants)

Celebic:

Balantak: urang

Muna: ghura

Pamona: ura

Tajio: urang

Moklenic:

Moken: kodang

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:

Batak:

Karo Batak: odang

Toba Batak: udang

Nias: uro

Simeulue: urang

Chamorro: uhang

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Balinese: udang

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Chamic: *hudaːŋ (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Malayic: *hudaŋ (see there for further descendants)

Sasak: udang, urang

Sundanese: hurang

Old Javanese: hurang (see there for further descendants)

Proto-South Sulawesi:

Mandar: urang

Tae': urang


qanitu

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Central Malayo-Polynesian:

Fordata: nitu

Yamdena: nitu

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Oceanic: *qanitu
Central–Eastern Oceanic:
Central Oceanic:
East Fijian-Polynesian:
Fijian: nitu, vatunitu
Proto-Polynesian: *qaitu
Nuclear Polynesian:
Eastern Polynesian:
Marquesic:
North Marquesan: aitu
South Marquesan: aitu
Tahitic:
Maori: aitu
Rarotongan: aitu
Tahitian: aitu
Western Polynesian:
Ellicean–Outlier:
Nukuoro: eidu, itu
Takuu: aitu
Tuvaluan: aitu
Futunic:
Pukapukan: aitu
Futuna-Aniwa: fegaitua
Samoic:
Samoan: aitu
Tokelauan: aitu
Tongic:
Niuafo'ou: aitu
Niuean: aitu
Tongan: ʻeitumatupuʻa
West Fijian-Rotuman:
Rotuman: ʻoitu
Western Fijian: yanitu
Micronesian:
Chuukese: énú
Pohnpeian: eni
Puluwat: yanú
Western Oceanic:
Gedaged: anut
Gitua: anutu
Mbula: kon

Western Malayo-Polynesian:

Barito:

Ngaju: hantu

Kayanic:

Bahau: to', to

North Bornean:

Central Sarawakan:

Kajang:

Kajaman: tew

Sekapan: tew

Punan:

Bukitan: otuh

Punan Bah-Biau: otu

Punan Tubu: otu

Northeast Sabahan:

Ida'an: nitu

Proto-Philippine: *qanitu
Aklanon: anitos
Bikol Central: anito
Calamian Tagbanwa: kanitu
Casiguran Dumagat Agta: anito
Cebuano: anitu
Central Bontoc: anitu
Dupaningan Agta: anitu
Ilocano: anito
Isnag: anito
Kankanaey: anito
Kapampangan: anito
Mag-Anchi Ayta: anito
Tagalog: anito
Yami: anito

Celebic:

Lindu: anitu

Pamona: anitu

Uma: anitu

Moklenic:

Moken: katoy

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:

Batak:

Dairi Batak: hantu

Karo Batak: antu, hantu

Simeulue: hantu

Chamorro: aniti

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Chamic: *ʔantɔw
Acehnese: euntèë
Coastal Chamic:
Cham:
Eastern Cham: atŏw
Highlands Chamic:
Jarai: atâo
Chru–Northern:
Chru: atơu
Northern Chamic:
Tsat: ʔa²¹ taw³³

Proto-Malayic: *hantu
Ibanic:
Iban: antu
Mualang: antu
Seberuang: antu
Kendayan: antu
Malayan:
Banjarese: hantu
Brunei Malay: hantu
Malay: hantu
Indonesian: hantu
Minangkabau: hantu
Pattani Malay: atu
Urak Lawoi': ฮาตู (hatu)

Sasak: antu

Sundanese: hantu

Old Javanese: hanitu

Proto-South Sulawesi:

Buginese: anitu


tihaŋ

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Oceanic: *tiaŋ

Fijian: dia

Proto-Polynesian: *tia

Hawaiian: kia

Maori: tia

Rarotongan: tia

Western Malayo Polynesian:

Barito:

Ngaju: tihang

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Malay: tiang

Old Javanese: tihang

Javanese: tiang


timuʀ

Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Central Malayo-Polynesian:

Buru (Indonesia): timu

Fordata: timur

Yamdena: timur

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih:

Buli (Indonesia): simi

Proto-Oceanic: *timuʀ (see there for further descendants)

Western Malayo-Polynesian:

Greater Barito:

Sama-Bajaw:

Yakan: timul

North Bornean:

Southwest Sabahan:

Greater Murutic:

Keningau Murut: timug

Southern Tidung: timug

Tatana: timug

Timugon Murut: timug

Proto-Philippine: *timuʀ
Batanic:
Ibatan: timoy
Yami: cimoy
Greater Central Philippine:
Central Philippine:
Bikol Central: timog
Tagalog: timog
Visayan:
Aklanon: timog
Cebuano: timog
Cuyunon: timog
Masbatenyo: timog
Waray-Waray: timogan
South Mangyan:
Hanunoo: timug

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:

Batak:

Karo Batak: timur

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Malayic: *timur
Iban: timur
Malay: timur
Indonesian: timur

Sasak: timu', timu

Old Javanese: timur
Javanese: ꦠꦶꦩꦸꦂ (timur)


pataʀ

Central Malayo-Polynesian:

Manggarai: pantar

Yamdena: fatar

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian::

Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih:

Numfor: faker

Windesi: patar

Proto-Oceanic:

Admiralty Islands:

Seimat: hata-hat

Central–Eastern Oceanic:

Central Pacific:

Fijian: vata

Proto-Polynesian: *fata
Nuclear Polynesian:
Eastern Polynesian:
Hawaiian: haka
Maori: whata
Rarotongan: ata
Western Polynesian:
Anuta: pata
Samoan: fata
Tuvaluan: fata
Tongic:
Tongan: fata
Niuean: fata

Micronesian:

Mokilese: vata

Southeast Solomonic:

'Are'are: hā

Arosi: haa

Western Oceanic:

Dobu: pata-patara

Molima: vata-vatala

Motu: pata

Tawala: watala

Western Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Philippine:

Ilocano: pantar

Maranao: patagan

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:

Toba Batak: pantar

Malayo-Sumbawan:

Proto-Malayic:

Iban: pantar

Malay: pelantar, patar

Sundanese: pantar


tubuq

Central Malayo-Polynesian:

Kola: tuf

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih:

Gimán: tub

Proto-Oceanic:

Central-Eastern Oceanic:

Central Pacific:

Fijian: tubu, tuvu

Proto-Polynesian: *tupu
Nuclear Polynesian:
Eastern Polynesian:
Marquesic:
Hawaiian: kupu
Mangarevan: tupu
Marquesan: tupu
Rapa Nui: tupu
Tahitic:
Maori: tupu, tipu (dialectal)
Rarotongan: tupu
Tahitian: tupu
Tuamotuan: tupu
Western Polynesian:
Ellicean–Outlier:
Nukuoro: tumu, dubu
Sikaiana: tupu
Tuvaluan: tupu
Futunic:
East Futuna: tupu
Futuna-Aniwa: tupu
Pukapukan: tupu
Samoic:
Samoan: tupu
Tokelauan: tupu
Tongic:
Niuean: tupu
Tongan: tupu

Rotuman: fupu

Southeast Solomonic:

Arosi: subu

Gela: tumbu

Western Oceanic:

Kove: tuvu

Motu: tubu

Tolai: tubu

Western Malayo-Polynesian:

Kayanic:

Rejang Kayan: tubu, tuvu

North Bornean:

Central Sarawakan:

Central Melanau: tubu', tobo'

Southwest Sabahan:

Tombonuo: tu'u, tumu'u

Proto-Philippine: *tubuq
Batanic:
Itbayaten: tovo
Central Luzon:
Kapampangan: tubu
Greater Central Philippine:
Central Philippine:
Mansaka: tobo
Tagalog: tubo
Visayan:
Aklanon: tubo
Cebuano: tubu
Hiligaynon: tubu
Gorontalo–Mongondow:
Mongondow: tubu
Manobo:
Western Bukidnon Manobo: tuvu
South Mangyan:
Hanunoo: tubu
Northern Luzon:
Cagayan Valley:
Isnag: tubo
Itawit: tuhu
Ilocano: tubo
South–Central Cordilleran:
Batad Ifugao: tubu
Central Bontoc: tubu
Kankanaey: tubo
Pangasinan: tobo
Sangiric:
Sangir: tuwo

Celebic:

Bonerate: tumbu

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:

Toba Batak: tubu

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Balinese: tubuh

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Chamic: *tamuh

Proto-Malayic: *tumbuh
Iban: tumbuh, tumboh
Malay: tumbuh
Indonesian: tumbuh
Minangkabau: tumbuah

Old Javanese: tuwuh
Javanese: ꦠꦸꦮꦸꦃ (tuwuh, “sprout; descendant; grow”)
→ Balinese: ᬢᬸᬳᬸᬄ (tuuh, “growth, age; stature; live”)
→ Balinese: ᬢᬸᬯᬸᬄ (tuwuh, “growth, age”)
→ Malay: tubuh (“body”)
Indonesian: tubuh

(intransitive) to grow (to become bigger)


daləm

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Alune: lale

Manggarai: delem

Sabu: ɗara

Selaru: rala

Tetun Dili: laran

Yamdena: dalam

Eastern Polynesian

Halmahera-Cenderawasih

Gebe: i-lalo

Proto-Oceanic: *lalom (see there for further descendants)

Basap–Greater Barito:

Basap: terem

East Barito:

Dusun Witu: lalem

Ma'anyan: lalem

Malagasy: lalina

Mahakam:

Tunjung: delem

Sama-Bajaw:

Central Sama: lalom

Inabaknon: lalom

Mapun: lawom

West Coast Bajau: lalom

Yakan: lalem

West Barito:

Bakumpai: handalem

Ngaju: handalem

Kayanic:

Bahau: halam

Baram Kayan: dalem

Busang Kayan: halem

Modang: delam

Murik (Malaysia): telem

Rejang Kayan: halem

Land Dayak:

Bau Bidayuh: daang

Rejang: lem

North Bornean:

Central Sarawakan:

Melanau-Kajang:

Central Melanau: dalem

Kajaman: naɮəm

Sekapan: naɮəm

Müller-Schwaner:

Hovongan: dahom

Kereho: dahom

Punan:

Bukitan: lolom, lalom

Punan Bah-Biau: lalom

Punan Tubu: lalom

Ukit: lalem

North Sarawakan:

Berawan: lum

Bintulu: dalem

Dayic:

Kelabit: lem, dalem

Lun Bawang: dalem

Sa'ban: belem

Bakung: dalem

Penan:

Eastern Penan: lem, dilem

Western Penan: dilem

Northeast Sabahan:

Ida'an: dallom, allom

Bonggi: dalabm

Southwest Sabahan:

Dusunic:

Brunei Bisaya: lalom

Central Dusun: aralom

Coastal Kadazan: aahom

Dumpas: alalom

Kimaragang: aralom, ralom

Labuk-Kinabatangan Kadazan: aralom

Rungus: aralom

Murutic:

Burusu: dalom

Northern Tidung: dalom

Timugon Murut: ralalom

Paitanic:

Tombonuo: olalom

Upper Kinabatangan: alalom, lalom

Proto-Philippine: *daləm (see there for further descendants)

Celebic:

Muna: lalo

Pamona: raya

Totoli: lalom

Uma: rala

Moklenic:

Moken: dalam

Moklen: dɐːlɐn, lɐm

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:

Nasal: delum

Toba Batak: dalom

Chamorro: halom

Lampungic:

Abung: dilem

Komering: dilom

Lampung Api: dilom

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa:

Balinese: dalem

Sasak: dalem

Sumbawa: dalam

Madurese: dhalem

Malayo-Chamic

Proto-Chamic: *dalam (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Malayic: *daləm (see there for further descendants)

Sundanese: dalem

Old Javanese: dalem
Javanese: ꦢꦊꦩ꧀ (dalem)
→ Indonesian: dalem

Proto-South Sulawesi:

Buginese: laleng

Embaloh: ilalam

Makasar: lalang, ilalang

Mandar: lalang

Tae': mandalan, lan


salaq

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Central Malayo-Polynesian:

Central Maluku:

Alune: sala

Asilulu: sala

Buru (Indonesia): sala

Watubela: sala

Kei–Tanimbar:

Fordata: sala

Yamdena: sale

Selaru:

Selaru: sal

Sumba–Flores:

Bima: sala

Kambera: hala

Manggarai: sala

Sabu: hala

Timor–Babar:

Bilba: sala, salak

Kisar: hala

Leti: sala

Tetun Dili: sala

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih:

Biak: sār

Buli (Indonesia): sāl

Kowiai: sala

Sawai: sole

Proto-Oceanic: *salaq
Central–Eastern Oceanic:
Central Pacific:
East Fijian–Polynesian:
Fijian: cala
Proto-Polynesian: *sala
Nuclear Polynesian:
Eastern Polynesian:
Marquesic:
Hawaiian: hala
Mangarevan: hara
North Marquesan: ha’a
South Marquesan: ha’a
Rapa Nui: hara
Tahitic:
Maori: hara
Rarotongan: ‘ara
Tahitian: hara
Tuamotuan: hara
Western Polynesian:
Ellicean–Outlier:
Kapingamarangi: hala, hara
Sikaiana: sala
Takuu: sala
Tuvaluan: hala
Futunic:
Anuta: tara
East Futuna: sala
Emae: sara
Mele-Fila: sara
Pukapukan: yala
Tikopia: sara
Samoic:
Samoan: sala
Tokelauan: hala
Tongic:
Niuafo'ou: hala
Niuean: hala
Tongan: hala
West Fijian–Rotuman:
Rotuman: sara
Western Fijian: cala
Southeast Solomonic:
'Are'are: tara
Arosi: tara
Kwaio: tala
Lau: tala
Sa'a: tala
To'abaita: tala

Western Malayo-Polynesian:

Basap–Greater Barito:

Basap: sala

East Barito:

Dusun Witu: hala'

Malagasy: salasala

Tawoyan: sala

Sama-Bajaw:

Central Sama: sā'

Mapun: sā'

Yakan: sā'

West Barito:

Bakumpai: sala

Ngaju: sala

Kayanic:

Baram Kayan: sala

Murik (Malaysia): sala'

Land Dayak:

Bekati': sara

Benyadu': sara'

Biatah Bidayuh: sarah

Rejang: salea'

North Bornean:

Central Sarawakan:

Melanau:

Central Melanau: sala'

Kanowit: sala'

Kajang:

IPA

IPA⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /çaɮaʔ/

Kajaman: sala' (IPA⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /çaɮaʔ/)

Lahanan: sala' (IPA⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /saɮaʔ/)

Sekapan: sala' (IPA⁽ᵏᵉʸ⁾: /saɮaʔ/)

Müller-Schwaner:

Aoheng: sala'

Hovongan: sala'

Kereho: sala'

Punan:

Bukat: sala'

Punan Aput: sala'

Punan Bah-Biau: sala'

Ukit: sala'

North Sarawakan:

Dayic:

Kelabit: sala'

Lun Bawang: sala'

Kenyah: sala'

Penan:

Eastern Penan: sala'

Western Penan: sala'

Northeast Sabahan:

Bonggi: sala'

Ida'an: sala'

Southwest Sabahan:

Dusunic:

Central Dusun: sala'

Coastal Kadazan: hasa'

Kimaragang: sala

Rungus: sala

Tobilung: sala

Murutic:

Burusu: sala

Timugon Murut: sala

Paitanic:

Tombonuo: sala', sola'

Upper Kinabatangan: sala, salah

desctree

Proto-Philippine: *salaq
Batanic:
Ivatan: sala
Yami: sala
Central Luzon:
Kapampangan: sala
Greater Central Philippine:
Central Philippine:
Bikol Central: sala
Mansaka: sara
Tagalog: sala
Visayan:
Aklanon: saea
Asi: sala
Cebuano: sala
Hiligaynon: sala
Masbatenyo: sala
Romblomanon: sala
Waray-Waray: sala
Tausug: sā'
Danao:
Maranao: sala
Gorontalo–Mongondow:
Mongondow: tala
Manobo:
Binukid: sala
Western Bukidnon Manobo: sala
Palawan:
Brooke's Point Palawano: sala'
Central Tagbanwa: sala
Tagbanwa: sala'
Subanen:
Central Subanen: sala'
Kalamian:
Agutaynen: talak
Minahasan:
Tontemboan: sala
Northern Luzon:
Batad Ifugao: halla
Keley-I Kallahan: halla, hela
Tuwali Ifugao: halla
South Mindanao:
Tboli: sala
Tiruray: sala
Sangiric:
Sangir: sala

Celebic:

Balantak: sala

Banggai: sala

Da'a Kaili: sala

Muna: sala

Pamona: sala

Tajio: sala

Wolio: sala

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:

Batak:

Dairi Batak: salah

Karo Batak: salah

Simalungun Batak: salah

Toba Batak: sala

Mentawai: sele

Nias: sala

Simeulue: sala

Chamorro: sala

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Bali–Sasak:

Balinese: salah

Sasak: sala', sala

Proto-Malayic: *salah
Banjarese: salah
Ibanic:
Iban: salah
Keninjal: salah
Mualang: salah
Seberuang: salah
Malayan:
Brunei Malay: salah
Malay: salah
Indonesian: salah
Minangkabau: salah
Urak Lawoi': ซาลัฮ (salah)

Old Javanese: salah
Javanese: ꦱꦭ (sala), ꦱꦭꦃ (salah)

Proto-South Sulawesi:

Buginese: sala

Makasar: sala

Tae': sala


qutan

Proto-Philippine: *qutan
Greater Central Philippine:
Central Philippine:
Aklanon: utan
Cebuano: utan
Mansaka: otan
Waray-Waray: utan
Danao:
Maguindanao: utan
Maranao: otan
Gorontalo–Mongondow:
Gorontalo: wuta
Kaidipang: uta
Minahasan:
Tontemboan: utan

Barito

Sama–Bajaw

Pangutaran Sama: utan

Mapun: utan

West Barito

Bakumpai: hutan

Ngaju: hutan

Land Dayak

Bau Bidayuh: utan

Moklenic

Moken: kotan

Moklen: kɔːtɐːn

Malayo-Sumbawan

Proto-Chamic: *hutaːn
Acehnese: uteuen
Eastern Cham: hatan

Proto-Malayic: *hutan
Banjarese: hutan
Kendayan: utatn
Ibanic
Iban: utan
Keninjal: utan
Nuclear Malayic
Malay: hutan, utan
> Indonesian: hutan (inherited)
Brunei Malay: utan, hutan
Kedah Malay: utan
Central Malay: utan
Minangkabau: utan
Negeri Sembilan Malay: utan
Pattani Malay: ฮูแต (hutɛ)
Urak Lawoi': ฮูตัด (hutat)

South Sulawesi

Northern

Massenrempulu

Duri: utan

Toraja

Toraja-Sa'dan: utan

Tae': utang

Celebic

Tomini–Tolitoli

Boano (Sulawesi): utan

Dondo: utane

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Sumba–Flores

Sumba–Hawu

Kambera: utang, utangu

Mamboru: utàngu

Western Flores

Li'o: uta

Ngadha: uta

Palu'e: uta

Flores–Lembata

Lamaholot: utan

Aru

Dobel: kwutan

Central Maluku

Alune: utane

Buru (Indonesia): utan

Paulohi: utane

Timoric

Uab Meto: utan

Palauan: chudel

Oceanic

St. Matthias

Mussau-Emira: utana

Western Oceanic

North New Guinea

Gedaged: ud

Meso-Melanesian

Nakanai: hutahuta

Papuan Tip

Doura: uta

Motu: uda

Central–Eastern Oceanic

Southern Oceanic

Mota: uta

Southeast Ambrym: ut

Micronesian

Kosraean: wuht

Central Pacific

Rotuman: ufa

Proto-Polynesian: *quta
Nuclear Polynesian:
Eastern Polynesian:
Marquesic:
Hawaiian: uka
Mangarevan: uta
South Marquesan: uta
Tahitic:
Maori: uta
Rarotongan: uta
Tahitian: uta
Western Polynesian:
Futunic
Futuna-Aniwa: uta
Mele-Fila: uuta
Pukapukan: uta
Samoic:
Samoan: uta
Tokelauan: uta
Tongic:
Niuean: uta
Tongan: ꞌuta


talun

Proto-Oceanic: *talun

Central Pacific:

Fijian: talutalu

Proto-Polynesian: *talu
Nuclear Polynesian:
Eastern Polynesian:
Marquesic:
Hawaiian: kalukalu
Mangarevan: taru
South Marquesan: taʻu
Tahitic:
Maori: taru
Rarotongan: tarutaru
Tuamotuan: taru
Western Polynesian:
Ellicean:
Takuu: autaru
Tikopia: tarutaru
Samoic:
Samoan: talutalu
Tongic:
Niuean: talutalu

Western Fijian: tarutaru

Southeast Solomonic:

Arosi: aru

Gela: talu

Kwaio: alu

Lau: alu

Sa'a: älu

Western Malayo-Polynesian:

Barito:

Mahakam:

Tunjung: talun

Sama-Bajaw:

Central Sama: talun

Inabaknon: talon

Mapun: tawun

Pangutaran Sama: taun

Southern Sama: talun

Yakan: talun

Kayanic:

Busang Kayan: talun

Land Dayak:

Bau Bidayuh: torun, tolunt

Biatah Bidayuh: terun

Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh: tarun

Ribun: tohutn

North Bornean:

Central Dusun: talun

Coastal Kadazan: tahun

Tambunan Dusun: talun

Proto-Philippine: *talun
Batanic:
Ibatan: tālon
Central Luzon:
Bolinao: talon, talun
Greater Central Philippine:
Central Philippine:
Aklanon: taeon
Tausug: talun
Gorontalo–Mongondow:
Mongondow: talun monalun
Palawan:
Brooke's Point Palawano: talun
Central Palawano: talun
Palawan Batak: talon
Tagbanwa: talun
South Mangyan:
Buhid: talon
Hanunoo: talun
Subanen:
Central Subanen: talon
Kalamian:
Agutaynen: talon
Minahasan:
Tonsea: tadun
Northern Luzon:
Casiguran Dumagat Agta: talon
Central Bontoc: talon
Ilocano: talon
Isnag: talon
Karao: talon
South Mindanao:
Tiruray: talun

Celebic:

Banggai: talun

Pamona: talu

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:

Batak:

Karo Batak: talun

Toba Batak: talun

Simeulue: talu

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Madurese: talon

Proto-Malayic:

Iban: talun

Sasak: talun

Sundanese: talun

Old Javanese: talun

Javanese: talun

Proto-South Sulawesi:

Makasar: talung


paʀih

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *paʀi

Central Malayo-Polynesian:

Central Maluku:

Seit-Kaitetu: ali

Taliabu: ahi

Flores–Lembata:

Sika: pari

Kei–Tanimbar:

Fordata: fari

Kei: fār

Yamdena: fari

Selaru:

Selaru: ar

Sumba–Flores:

Bima: fai

Kambera: pari

Ngadha: pari

Timor–Babar:

Bilba: hai

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih:

Buli (Indonesia): fā

Kowiai: far

Sawai: fa

Proto-Oceanic: *paʀi

Central-Eastern oceanic:

Central Pacific:

Fijian: vai

Proto-Polynesian: *fai (see there for further descendants)

Rotuman: hai

Micronesian:

Gilbertese: bai-manu

Puluwat: fáári-yáp, fáyi

Woleaian: waiya

Southern Oceanic:

Mota: var, vari

Piamatsina: vari

Vurës: ver

Western Oceanic:

Gedaged: paz

Kilivila: vai

Kove: pali

Western Malayo-Polynesian:

Barito:

Inabaknon: pahi

Malagasy: fay

Ngaju: pahi

North Bornean:

Central Sarawak:

Central Melanau: pai, pay

Proto-North Sarawak:

Bintulu: pai

Proto-Philippine: *paʀih

Greater Central Philippine:

Central Philippine:

Bikol Central: pagi

Tagalog: pagi

Visayan:

Aklanon: pagi

Cebuano: pagi

Danao:

Maranao: pagi

South Mangyan:

Hanunoo: pagi

Northern Luzon:

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: pagi

Ilocano: pagi

Itawit: pagi

Moklenic:

Moken: paloi

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:

Karo Batak: pari

Simeulue: hali

Javanese: pe

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Bali–Sasak:

Balinese: pahi

Sasak: pai, pari

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Chamic:

Acehnese: paròë

Proto-Malayic: *pari(ʔ)
Iban: pari
Malay: pari
Indonesian: pari
Urak Lawoi': ปารี (pari)

Proto-South Sulawesi:

Buginese: pari

ray (marine fish with a flat body, large wing-like fins, and a whip-like tail)


tiʀəm

Philippine

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: tirem

Barito

Sama-Bajaw

West Coast Bajau: tigom

North Bornean

Northeast Sabahan

Bonggi: tigabm

Southwest Sabahan

Tombonuo: tiram

Central Sarawakan

Central Melanau: tirem

Malayo-Sumbawan

Proto-Malayic: *tirəm
Nuclear Malayic
Malay: tiram
Indonesian: tiram
Urak Lawoi': ตีรับ (tirap)
→ Ngaju: tiram

Sundanese: tirem

Old Javanese: tirĕm

South Sulawesi

Makasar: terang

Celebic

Muna–Buton

Muna: tira

Wotu–Wolio

Wolio: tira

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Timoric

Wetan: tirma

Central Maluku

Asilulu: tilen

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Halmahera Cenderawasih

Buli (Indonesia): sisiam

Kowiai: tiran

Proto-Oceanic: *tiʀom
Admiralties Islands:
Yapese: yiim
Central–Eastern Oceanic:
Central Pacific:
Fijian: dio
Proto-Polynesian: *tio
Proto-Nuclear Polynesian:
Proto-Eastern Polynesian:
Marquesic:
Hawaiian: kio
Mangarevan: tio
North Marquesan: tio
South Marquesan: tio
Tahitic:
Maori: tio
Rapa: tio
Rarotongan: tio
Tahitian: tio
Tuamotuan: tio
Western Polynesian:
Ellicean–Outlier:
Pileni: sio
Tuvaluan: tio
Futunic:
Anuta: tio
Futuna-Aniwa: tio
Pukapukan: tio
Tikopia: tio
Samoic:
Samoan: tio
Tokelauan: tio
Tongic:
Niuean: tio
Tongan: sio
Western Fijian: tio
Southeast Solomonic:
Bugotu–Gela:
Gela: tilo
Malaita–Makira:
Makira:
Arosi: iro
North–Central Malaita:
Kwaio: ilo
Lau: ʼilo
To'abaita: ilo
Southern Malaita:
'Are'are: iro
Sa'a: iilo
Western Oceanic:
Meso-Melanesian:
Muduapa: tilo
Uneapa: chiro-chiromo
North New Guinea:
Gedaged: tiz


qəti

Central Malayo-Polynesian:

Leti: eti

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Oceanic: *qoti
Central–Eastern Oceanic:
Central Pacific:
East Fijian–Polynesian:
Fijian: oti
Proto-Polynesian: *qoti
Proto-Nuclear Polynesian:
Proto-Eastern Polynesian:
Marquesic:
Hawaiian: oki
Mangarevan: oti
North Marquesan: oti
South Marquesan: oti
Tahitic:
Maori: oti
Rakahanga-Manihiki: oti
Rarotongan: oti
Tahitian: oti
Tuamotuan: oti
Western Polynesian:
Ellicean–Outlier:
Kapingamarangi: odi
Nukumanu: oti
Nukuoro: odi
Pileni: osi
Sikaiana: oti
Tuvaluan: oti
Futunic:
Anuta: oti
East Futuna: oki, ti
Futuna-Aniwa: oji
Mele-Fila: weji
Pukapukan: oti
Tikopia: oti
Samoic:
Samoan: oti
Tokelauan: oti
Tongic:
Niuafo'ou: ʻosi
Niuean: oti
Tongan: ʻosi, ʻoji
West Fijian–Rotuman:
Rotuman: ofi
Western Fijian: oti
Western Oceanic:
Tolai: ot

Western Malayo-Polynesian:

Celebic:

Uma: oti

Moklenic:

Moken: ketoi

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Malay: henti
Indonesian: henti

Old Javanese: henti

Javanese: enti

Proto-South Sulawesi:

Tae': atti


paŋdan

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *pandan

Central Malayo-Polynesian:

Flores–Lembata:

Sika: pedang

Sumba–Flores:

Kambera: pàndangu

Manggarai: pandang

Rembong: pandang

Timor–Babar:

Bilba: henak

Leti: edna, enna

Tetun Dili: hedan

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *panran

Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih: *fanran

Kowiai: fodan

Proto-Oceanic: *padran
Admiralty Islands:
Manus:
Eastern:
Andra-Hus: pah
Leipon: padr
Manus Koro: par
Intermediate:
Lou: par
Southeast:
Loniu: pa
Western:
Aua: para
Wuvulu: paxa
Central-Eastern Oceanic:
Central Pacific:
Fijian: vadra
Proto-Polynesian: *fara
Proto-Nuclear Polynesian: *fala
Proto-Eastern Polynesian: *fara
Marquesic:
Hawaiian: hala
Mangarevan: ʻara
North Marquesan: haʻa
South Marquesan: faʻa
Tahitic:
Maori: whara, hara
Rakahanga-Manihiki: hara
Rarotongan: ‘ara
Tahitian: fara
Tuamotuan: fara, hara
Western Polynesian:
Ellicean–Outlier:
Kapingamarangi: hala
Nukumanu: hara
Pileni: hala
Sikaiana: hala
Takuu: fara, hara
Tuvaluan: fala
Futunic:
Anuta: para, paa
East Futuna: fala
Futuna-Aniwa: fara
Pukapukan: wala
Tikopia: fara
Samoic:
Samoan: fala
Tokelauan: fala
Tongic: *faa
Niuean: fā
Tongan: fā, faá
Rotuman: hata
Western Fijian: vadra
Micronesian:
Gilbertese: ara
Puluwat: faar
Woleaian: fash, fasha
Southeast Solomonic:
Lau: fada-da
Southern Oceanic:
Iaai: watr
St. Matthias Islands:
Mussau-Emira: arana
Western Oceanic:
Gedaged: pad
Gitua: pada
Mbula: paanda

Western Malayo-Polynesian:

Greater Barito:

Malagasy: fandrana

Ngaju: pandan

Proto-Philippine: *paŋdan
Greater Central Philippine:
Central Philippine:
Aklanon: pangdan
Bikol Central: pangdan, pandan
Cebuano: pangdan
Tagalog: pandan
Danao:
Maranao: pandan
Gorontalo–Mongondow:
Mongondow: pondang
South Mangyan:
Hanunoo: pangdan
Minahasan:
Tontemboan: pondang
Northern Luzon:
Ilocano: pangdan
Isnag: pandan
Kankanaey: pangdan
Sangiric:
Ratahan: pondang
Sangir: pondang
Talaud: pondanna, pondangnga

Celebic:

Muna: ponda

Pamona: pondani

Moklenic:

Moken: panan

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:

Batak:

Karo Batak: pandan

Toba Batak: pandan

Mentawai: padat

Simeulue: pandan

Chamorro: påhong

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Bali–Sasak:

Balinese: pandan, pandhan

Sasak: pandan

Madurese: pandhan

Proto-Malayic: *pandan
Ibanic:
Iban: pandan
Malayan:
Brunei Malay: pandan
Malay: pandan
Indonesian: pandan

Sundanese: pandan

Old Javanese: paṇḍan

Javanese: pandhan, pandan

Proto-South Sulawesi:

Buginese: panreng

Makasar: pandang

Mandar: pandeng

Selayar: pandang

Tae': pondan


bulaʀ

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Oceanic: *pulaʀ
Central-Eastern Oceanic:
Central Pacific:
Proto-Polynesian: *pula
Proto-Eastern Polynesian:
Marquesic:
Hawaiian: pula
Mangarevan: pura
Tahitic:
Maori: pura
Rarotongan: pura
Tuamotuan: pura
Western Polynesian:
Tikopia: pura
Niuatoputapu: matapula
Tongic:
Niuean: matapula
Micronesian:
Pohnpeian: pwull
Southeast Solomonic:
Sa'a: hu-hule
Southern Oceanic:
Mota: pule
Western Oceanic:
Bwaidoka: vulana

Western Malayo-Polynesian:

Greater Barito:

Sama-Bajaw:

Central Sama: bulag

Mapun: bulag

North Bornean:

Northeast Sabah:

Bonggi: bulag

Southwest Sabah:

Dusunic:

Central Dusun: bolou

Coastal Kadazan: obohou

Kimaragang: bolow

Lotud: bolow

Rungus: bolou

Murutic:

Paluan: ovolow

Timugon Murut: bolou

Paitanic:

Tombonuo: bolou

Upper Kinabatangan: bolou

Proto-Philippine: *bulaʀ
Central Luzon:
Kapampangan: bulag
Greater Central Philippine:
Central Philippine:
Bisayan:
Cebuano: bulog, bulhog
Central Bisayan:
Hiligaynon: bulag
Western Bisayan:
Aklanon: bulag
Tagalog: bulag
Danao:
Maranao: bolag
Gorontalo-Mongondow:
Gorontalo: hulolo
Manobo:
Binukid: bulag
Cotabato Manobo: bulah
Western Bukidnon Manobo: bulag, buleg
Northern Luzon:
Central Bontoc: bullag
Kankanaey: bulag
Mayoyao Ifugao: bulag
Pangasinan: bulag
Sangiric:
Sangir: bulage'
South Mindanao:
Tboli: bulol
Tiruray: bulog

Celebic:

Muna: tambula

Javanese: buler

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Proto-Malayic: *bular
Iban: bular
Malay: bular
Indonesian: bular

Sasak: bulek, bolak


qadəp

Proto-Philippine: *qadəp
Central Philippine:
Tausug: alup
Palawan:
Brooke's Point Palawano: alep

Greater Barito

Sama-Bajaw

Central Sama: alop

Mapun: awop

Southern Sama: alop

Yakan: hap

East Barito

Malagasy: tandrify

West Barito

Ngaju: taharep

North Bornean

Central Sarawak

Bukat: irap

Punan Aput: irap

Ukit: rap

Land Dayak

Benyadu': adap

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Alas-Kluet Batak: hadep

Dairi Batak: adep

Toba Batak: adop

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Proto-Malayic: *hadəp
Iban: adap
Malay: hadap
Indonesian: hadap
→ Maranao: hadap
→ Tagalog: harap
Urak Lawoi': ฮาตะ (hadaq)

Sundanese: hareup

Balinese: harep

Old Javanese: haḍĕp, harĕp
Javanese: ꦲꦝꦼꦥ꧀ (adhep)
Javanese: ꦲꦉꦥ꧀ (arep)
→ Balinese: ᬳᬋᬧ᭄ (arep)
→ Malay: harap
→ Tagalog: harap

Proto-South Sulawesi:

Buginese: ada'

Mandar: are'

Tae': ara'

Proto-Oceanic: *qarop
Western Oceanic
North New Guinea
Kairiru: aro
Manam: aro
Central-Eastern Oceanic
Proto-Polynesian: *qaro
Tongic
Niuean: ao
Tongan: ʻao
Nuclear Polynesian
Samoic–Outlier
Ellicean–Futunic
East Futuna: ʻalo
Futuna-Aniwa: aro
Pukapukan: aro
Tikopia: aro
Tuvaluan: alo
Samoic
Samoan: alo
Tokelauan: alo
Eastern Polynesian
Marquesic
Hawaiian: alo
Mangarevan: aro
North Marquesan: aʻo
South Marquesan: aʻo
Tahitic
Maori: aro
Rakahanga-Manihiki: aro
Rarotongan: aro
Tahitian: aro
Tuamotuan: aro
Rapa Nui: aro, ʻaro


malaŋ

Proto-Oceanic:

Proto-Polynesian: *mala
Proto-Nuclear Polynesian:
Proto-Eastern Polynesian::
Marquesic:
Hawaiian: mala
Mangarevan: mara
Rapa Nui: mara
Western Polynesian:
Ellicean-Futunic:
East Futuna: mala
Pukapukan: mala
Tikopia: mara, mala
Tuvaluan: mala
Samoic:
Samoan: mala
Tokelauan: mala
Tongic:
Niuean: malaia
Tongan: mala

Southeast Solomonic:

Sa'a: mala

Southern Oceanic:

Mota: mala

Western Malayo-Polynesian:

Balinese: malang

Malay: malang
Indonesian: malang


piliq

Central Malayo-Polynesian:

Central Maluku:

Hitu: pili

Flores–Lembata:

Lamaholot: pile'

Sumba–Flores:

Manggarai: pile

Ngadha: pili

Rembong: pile

Selaru:

Selaru: rfil

Timor–Babar:

Tetun Dili: hili

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Oceanic:

Central–Eastern Oceanic:

Central Pacific:

Fijian: vili

Proto-Polynesian: *fili
Proto-Nuclear Polynesian:
Proto-Eastern Polynesian:
Maori: whiri, whiriwhiri
Penrhyn: hiri (Tongareva)
Rarotongan: ‘ili
Western Polynesian:
Ellicean–Outlier:
Pileni: hilihilia
Takuu: fili
Tuvaluan: fili
Futunic:
East Futuna: fili
Mele-Fila: firia
Pukapukan: wili
Tikopia: firi
Samoic:
Samoan: fili, filifili
Tokelauan: fili
Tongic:
Niuean: fifili, vili
Tongan: fili

Rotuman: vili

Western Fijian: vili

Micronesian: *fili

Chuukese: fini-

Mokilese: pil

Pohnpeian: pil

Puluwat: fili-

Woleaian: ffili

Southeast Solomonic:

Arosi: hiri

Bughotu: vili

Gela: vili

Lau: fili

Sa'a: hili

Western Oceanic:

Marovo: vile

Motu: hidi

Duke: vile

Simbo: vile

Sobei: a-fir

Wampar: mpin

Western Malayo-Polynesian:

Greater Barito:

East Barito:

Dusun Witu: pidi

Ma'anyan: pidi

Malagasy: fidy

Tawoyan: meli

Mahakam:

Tunjung: mili

West Barito:

Bakumpai: pilih

Ngaju: kampili

Kayanic:

Baram Kayan: pili

Land Dayak:

Bidayuh–Rejang:

Bau Bidayuh: pirih, piris (Singai)

Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh: pidi

Southern Land Dayak:

Jangkang: mileh

Ribun: pileh

North Borneo:

Central Sarawak:

Melanau–Kajang:

Central Melanau: pilik

Kanowit: pilek

Müller-Schwaner Punan:

Aoheng: mili, milih (Seputan)

Hovongan: pili

Kereho: miri

Proto-North Sarawak:

Kelabit: pili'

Lun Bawang: pili'

Southwest Sabah:

Dusunic:

Central Dusun: pili, pili'

Coastal Kadazan: pihi

Murutic:

Timugon Murut: piliq

Paitanic:

Tombonuo: pili

Upper Kinabatangan: pili

Proto-Philippine: *piliq

Celebic:

Bonerate: pili

Muna: pili

Pamona: pili

Wolio: pili

Moklenic:

Moken: miliek, melek, melik

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:

Gayo: pilih

Nias: fili

Simeulue: ilix

Toba Batak: pili

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Balinese: pilih

Proto-Malayo-Chamic:

Proto-Chamic:

Acehnese: pileh

Proto-Malayic: *pilih
Iban: pilih
Malay: pilih, (pre-1972 standard) pileh
Indonesian: pilih
Urak Lawoi': ปีเลฮ (pilëh)

Sundanese: pilih

Old Javanese: pilih

Javanese: pilih

Proto-South Sulawesi:

Buginese: mile

Selayar: pile


kasaw

Proto-Philippine: *kasaw
Northern Luzon
Ilocano: kasaw
Northeastern Luzon
Casiguran Dumagat Agta: kasaw
Meso-Cordilleran
Kankanaey: kasaw
Batad Ifugao: ahaw
Tuwali Ifugao: kah-o
Central Luzon
Abenlen Ayta: kataw
Greater Central Philippine
Central Philippine
Mansaka
Mansaka: kasaw
Visayan
Masbatenyo: katsaw
Romblomanon: kāsaw
Tausug: kasaw
Danao
Maranao: kasaw
Maguindanao: kasaw
Manobo
Ata Manobo: gos-ow
Agusan Manobo: 'gas-ow
Western Bukidnon Manobo: gasew
Palawanic
Brooke's Point Palawano: kasew
Gorontalo–Mongondow
Mongondow: kataw
Kalamian
Agutaynen: kataw
South Mindanao
Tiruray: kesew
Sangiric
Sangir: kaso
Minahasan
Tonsawang: kaso
Tontemboan: kaso

Basap–Greater Barito

Sama-Bajaw

Inner Sulu

Central Sama: kasaw

Southern Sama: kasow

Borneo Coast

Indonesian Bajau: kaso

West Coast Bajau: kosow

Yakan: kasew

Mapun: kasaw

East Barito

Dusun Witu: kasau

Ma'anyan: kasau

West Barito

Bakumpai: kasau

Ngaju: kasau

Mahakam

Tunjung: kasau

Basap: kasau

North Borneo

Southwest Sabah

Dusunic

Central Dusun: kasau

Rungus: kasau

Tobilung: kasau

Murutic

Burusu: kasou

North Sarawakan

Lower Baram

Kiput: kasaau

Narom: au (Dali')

Penan

Eastern Penan: kasau

Western Penan: kasau

Central Sarawakan

Melanau

Central Melanau: kasau

Kanowit: kasau

Kajang

Kajaman: kacau

Lahanan: kasau

Sekapan: kacau

Punan

Punan Aput: kohow

Punan Bah-Biau: kaau

Ukit: koho

Kayanic

Murik (Malaysia): kaho

Land Dayak

Benyadu-Bekati’

Bekati': kasó

Benyadu': kasó

Southern Land Dayak

Jangkang: kasau

Ribun: kasau

Sanggau: kasau

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Karo Batak: kaso

Nias: gasõ

Simeulue: asaw

Rejang: kaseuw

Malayo-Sumbawan

Proto-Malayic: *kasaw
Iban: kasau
Malay: kasau
Indonesian: kasau

Sundanese: kaso-kaso

South Sulawesi

Buginese: kaso

Makasar: kaso

Tae': kaso

Celebic

Kaili–Pamona

Pamona: kaso

Uma: kaho

Muna–Buton

Muna: saho

Saluan–Banggai

Balantak: kaso

Banggai: kaso

Tomini–Totoli

Boano (Sulawesi): kaso

Tajio: aso

Totoli: kaso

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Asilulu: asa

Larike-Wakasihu: asai

Taliabu: kaso

Watubela: kaha

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Halmahera–Cenderawasih

Buli (Indonesia): as

Kowiai: asa

Proto-Oceanic: *kaso
Western Oceanic
Meso-Melanesian
Nakanai: aro
Roviana: gaso-na
Simbo: qaso
North New Guinea
Manam: ʔaro
Central-Eastern Oceanic
Southern Oceanic
Mota: gaso
Southeast Solomonic
Bugotu–Gela–Guadalcanal
Bughotu: gaho
Gela: gaho
Ghari: haso
Malaita–Makira
Sa'a: ato
Makira
Arosi: 'ato
Malaita
Central–North Malaita
Kwaio: 'ato
Kwara'ae: 'ato
Lau: 'ato
To'abaita: 'ato
Southern Malaita
'Are'are: ato
Micronesian
Marshallese: kat-tal
Mokilese: kad-dal
Puluwat: yóót
Woleaian: gato
Central Pacific
Rotuman: kasa
Fijian: kaso
Proto-Polynesian: *kaso
Proto-Nuclear Polynesian:
Proto-Eastern Polynesian:
Marquesic:
Hawaiian: ʻaho
Mangarevan: kaʻo
Tahitic:
Maori: kaho
Rapa: ka’o
Rarotongan: ka‘o
Tahitian: ʻaho
Tuamotuan: kaho
Western Polynesian:
Ellicean–Outlier:
Nukuoro: gaso
Tuvaluan: kaho
Futunic:
Anuta: kato
East Futuna: kaso
Futuna-Aniwa: kasoki
Pukapukan: kayo
Tikopia: kaso
Samoic:
Samoan: ʻaso
Tokelauan: kaho
Tongic:
Niuafo'ou: kahoki
Niuean: kaho
Tongan: kaho, kahoki

rafter (diagonal bamboo poles to which thatch panels are lashed)


laŋaw

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih:

Biak: ran (Numfor)

Buli (Indonesia): lang

Proto-Oceanic: *laŋo
Central-Eastern Oceanic:
Central Pacific:
Fijian: lago
Proto-Polynesian: *laŋo
Proto-Nuclear Polynesian:
Proto-Eastern Polynesian:
Marquesic:
Hawaiian: nalo
Tahitic:
Maori: rango
Rakahanga-Manihiki: rango
Rarotongan: rango
Tahitian: raʻo
Tuamotuan: rago
Western Polynesian:
Ellicean–Outlier:
Nukumanu: rano
Nukuoro: lango
Pileni: lango
Sikaiana: lano
Takuu: lano, rano
Tuvaluan: lago
Futunic:
Anuta: rango
East Futuna: lago
Futuna-Aniwa: rago, lago
Mele-Fila: rago
Pukapukan: lango
West Uvean: lango
Samoic:
Samoan: lago
Tokelauan: lago
Tongic:
Niuafo'ou: lango
Niuean: lago
Tongan: lango
Rotuman: laga
Western Fijian: lago
Western Oceanic:
Motu: lao

Western Malayo-Polynesian:

Greater Barito:

Mahakam:

Tunjung: langau

Sama-Bajaw:

Central Sama: langaw

Indonesian Bajau: langau ~ langou

Mapun: langaw

Pangutaran Sama: langaw

Southern Sama: langaw ~ longow

West Coast Bajau: langau ~ longou

Yakan: langew

West Barito:

Ngaju: langau

Kayanic:

Kayan-Murik:

Bahau: langau

Baram Kayan: langau

Busang Kayan: langu

Murik (Malaysia): lango (Ngorek)

Segai-Modang:

Modang: ləŋiə̯ (Long Gelat)

Segai: laŋeə̯w (Gaai)

Land Dayak:

Rejang: langeuw

North Borneo:

Central Sarawak:

Kajang:

Kajaman: langau

Lahanan: langau

Melanau:

Central Melanau: langau

Kanowit: langau

Punan:

Bukitan: langou

Punan Aput: lungou

Punan Bah-Biau: languow

Punan Tubu: langou

Ukit: lango

Proto-North Sarawak:

Eastern Penan: langau

Kelabit: lango

Lun Bawang: langau (Tabun)

Northeast Sabah:

Bonggi: langu

Ida'an: langou

Southwest Sabah:

Greater Dusunic:

Central Dusun: langau

Rungus: langau

Tobilung: langau

Paitanic:

Tombonuo: langou

Proto-Philippine: *laŋaw
Northern Luzon:
South-Central Cordilleran:
Ifugao:
Batad Ifugao: lāngaw
Mayoyao Ifugao: lango ~ langaw
Tuwali Ifugao: langaw
Kankanaey:
Kankanaey: langew
Northern Kankanay: lingew
Karao: asangaw
Keley-I Kallahan: allangngaw
Central Luzon:
Abenlen Ayta: langew
Bolinao: lango
Mag-Anchi Ayta: langêw
Greater Central Philippine:
Central Philippine:
Tagalog: langaw
Bikol:
Bikol Central: langaw
Visayan:
Aklanon: eangaw
Cebuano: langaw
Hiligaynon: langaw
Masbatenyo: langaw
Romblomanon: lāngaw
Tausug: langaw
Waray-Waray: langaw
Mansakan:
Mamanwa: langaw
Mansaka: langaw
Tagakaulu Kalagan: langaw
South Mangyan:
Hanunoo: langaw
Palawan:
Brooke's Point Palawano: langaw
Central Palawano: urngew
Central Tagbanwa: langaw
Danao:
Maranao: langaw
Subanen:
Central Subanen: langaw
Manobo:
Agusan Manobo: 'yangow
Ata Manobo: langow
Binukid: langaw
Western Bukidnon Manobo: langew
Gorontalo-Mongondow:
Gorontalo: lango
Kaidipang: rango
Mongondow: langow
South Mindanao:
Tboli: lenged

Proto-Malayic: *laŋaw
Iban: langau
Malay: langau
Indonesian: langau


-ən

Philippine

Batanic

Ivatan: -en

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: -in

Old Javanese: -ĕn

Javanese: -en

Sumatran

Batak

Northern Batak

Karo Batak: -en

Malayo-Chamic

Proto-Malayic: *-ən (see there for further descendants)

Verbal suffix marking patient or undergoer voice.

Nominal suffix marking action result or effect


məñak

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Central Malayo-Polynesian:

Bima: mina

Sabu: menyi

Tetun Dili: mina

Yamdena: minak

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih:

Buli (Indonesia): mna

Ma'ya: maꞌna³

Proto-Oceanic: *moñak (see there for further descendants)

Western Malayo-Polynesian:

Basap–Greater Barito:

Basap: menyak

East Barito:

Dusun Witu: monok

Ma'anyan: munuk

Malagasy: menaka

West Barito:

Bakumpai: menyak

Ngaju: menyak, enyak

Kayanic:

Modang: ñuə̯ʔ

Punan Merap: ñɛyə̯ʔ

Land Dayak:

Bau Bidayuh: inyuo'

Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh: inyo

North Borneo:

Central Sarawak:

Kajang:

Kajaman: ñeə̯k

Lahanan: menyak

Sekapan: ñeə̯ʔ

Melanau:

Central Melanau: menyik, nyik

Kanowit: nyak

Punan:

Bukat: manyak

Bukitan: anyak

Punan Aput: nyak

Punan Bah-Biau: enyak

Punan Tubu: nyak

Ukit: anyak

Proto-North Sarawak:

Eastern Penan: menyak

Kelabit: minyak

Northeast Sabah:

Bonggi: minak, inak

Southwest Sabah:

Rungus: miyak

Proto-Philippine:

Mongondow: minya

Celebic:

Banggai: mominak

Muna: mina

Totoli: minak

Wolio: mina

Moklenic:

Moken: məña:t

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Bali–Sasak:

Sasak: minyak

Proto-Malayic: *miñak
Iban: minyak
Malay: minyak
Indonesian: minyak
Minangkabau: minyak
Urak Lawoi': มีญะ (minyaq)

Sundanese: minyak

Old Javanese: minyak

Javanese: minyak

Proto-South Sulawesi:

Buginese: minynyak

Makasar: minynyak

Mandar: minnak

Tae': minnak

* Proto-Malayo-Polynesian: *məñak ~ *miñak (Blust, 2008)


tubah

Philippine

Batanic

Ibatan: toba

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: túba

Cagayan Valley

Isnag: túba

Northeastern Luzon

Casiguran Dumagat Agta: tube

Meso-Cordilleran

Central Cordilleran

Kankanaey: tuba

Ifugao

Batad Ifugao: tūba

Tuwali Ifugao: tuba

Southern Cordilleran

Ibaloi: toba

Keley-I Kallahan: tuba

Central Luzon

Sambalic

Abenlen Ayta: tobah

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Tagalog: tubá

Bikol

Bikol Central: tuba

Mansakan

Mansaka: toba

Visayan

Aklanon: tuba

Cebuano: tuba

Romblomanon: tūba

Manobo

Binukid: tuba

Western Bukidnon Manobo: tuva

Palawanic

Central Palawano: tuba

Danao

Maranao: towa

Iranun: tua

Gorontalo–Mongondow

Mongondow: tuba

Kaidipang: tubo

Kalamian

Agutaynen: toba

Sangiric

Sangir: tuwa

Minahasan

Tontemboan: tuwa

North Bornean

Northeast Sabah

Ida'an: tubo

Bonggi: tuba

Southwest sabah

Dusunic

Central Dusun: tubo

Rungus: tuvo

Tobilung: tubo

Murutic

Timugon Murut: tuwo

Burusu: tuwo

Paitanic

Tombonuo: tuwo

North Sarawak

Bintulu: tuva

Berawan–Lower Baram

Kiput: tubih

Narom: tubeə̯h

Miri': tubek

Dayic

Kelabit: tubeh

Sa'ban: bbəh

Lun Bawang: tobeh

Kenyah

Bakung: tuba

Penan

Eastern Penan: tuvah

Western Penan: tuvah

Central Sarawak

Melanau–Kajang

Melanau

Central Melanau: tuba

Kanowit: tuba

Kajang

Sekapan: tuva

Kajaman: tuvah

Lahanan: tuvah

Punan–Müller-Schwaner

Punan

Punan Tubu: tufoh

Punan Bah-Biau: tuvo

Punan Aput: tuvo

Ukit: tuve

Bukat: tuvi, tuve

Müller-Schwaner Punan

Hovongan: tuvo

Kereho: tuwo

Aoheng: tuvo

Basap–Barito

Basap: tuba

East Barito

Dusun Witu: tue

Ma'anyan: tuwe

Mahakam

Tunjung: tuwaʔ

West Barito

Ngaju: tuwe

Bakumpai: tuba

Kayanic

Bahau: tufaʔ

Busang Kayan: tuvaʔ

Land Dayak

Benyadu-Bekati

Benyadu': tubaʔ

Bekati': tubaʔ

Bidayuh

Bau Bidayuh: tuboh

Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh: tubuh

Southern Land Dayak

Jangkang: tibuh

Ribun: tibuh

Sanggau: tuba

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Toba Batak: tuba

Karo Batak: tuba

Simeulue: tufa

Nias: tuwa

Mentawai: tuba

Malayo-Sumbawan

Malayic

Ibanic

Iban: tubai

Mualang: tuba

Seberuang: tuba

Malayan

Malay: tuba
Indonesian: tuba
→ English: tuba

Minangkabau: tubo

Urak Lawoi': ตูบา (tuba)

Bali–Sasak

Balinese: tuba

Sasak: tua

Sundanese: tuwa

Madurese: tobbhâ

Old Javanese: tuba

Javanese: tuba

South Sulawesi

Bugis-Tamanic

Buginese: tua

Makassaric

Makasar: tua

Northern

Toraja-Sa'dan: tua

Seko

Seko Padang: tuha

Celebic

Tomini–Tolitoli

Dampelas: tuba

Kaili–Pamona

Pamona: tuwa

Lindu: tuwa

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Bima: dua

Sumba–Flores

Sumba–Hawu

Kambera: tuwa

Western Flores

Manggarai–Rembong

Manggarai: tuwa

Rembong: tuwa

Central Flores

Ngadha: tuva

Central Maluku

Asilulu: tuha

Buru (Indonesia): tufa

Timoric

Tetum: tuha

Leti: tuwa

Eastern Malayo-Polynesian

Proto-Oceanic: *tupa

Derris elliptica (a plant with roots that are pounded and put in rivers to stun fish)


paraqu

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Oceanic:

Gilbertese: baurua

Maori: wharau

Tongan: folau

Sumba-Flores:

Ngadha: barau

Western Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Bali–Sasak:

Balinese: ᬧᭂᬤᬳᬸ (pedahu)

Proto-Malayic:

Iban: perau

Malay: perahu

Indonesian: perahu

→ Proto-Philippine:

Cebuano: paraw

Maranao: padaw

Pangasinan: paraw

Tagalog: paraw

Tausug: paraw

Waray-Waray: paraw

Old Javanese: parahu
> Javanese: ꦥꦿꦲꦸ (prau) (inherited)
→ Balinese: ᬧ᭄ᬭᬳᬸ (prahu)
? → Classical Malay: ڤراهو (pĕrahu) (possibly; but inheritance from PMP is more likely)
Malay: perahu, perau
Indonesian: perahu
→ Min Nan: 婆荖 (pô͘-láu)
Malay: perau
→ Portuguese: parão
→ English: proa, parao, perahu, prahu, prau, prow
→ Dutch: prauw
→ Acehnese: peurahö, prahö
→ Sundanese: parahu
→ Toba Batak: ᯇᯒᯥ

→ Old Kannada: ಪಡಂಗು (paḍaṅgu)
Kannada: ಹಡಗು (haḍagu), ಹಡಗ (haḍaga), ಪಡಗು (paḍagu), ಪಡಂಗು (paḍaṅgu), ಪಡಹು (paḍahu)
→ Marathi: पडाव (paḍāv)

desc

→ Malayalam: പടക് (paṭakŭ), പടവ് (paṭavŭ)

→ Sanskrit: बेडा (beḍā), वेडा (veḍā), भेड (bheḍa), भेल (bhela) (see there for further descendants)

→ Tamil: படகு (paṭaku)

→ Telugu: పడవ (paḍava)

→ Tulu: ಪಡ (paḍa), ಪಡವು (paḍavu)


buʀuk

Proto-Philippine: *buʀuk

Batanic

Ibatan: voyok

Central Luzon

Kapampangan: bugúk

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Bikol Central: bugók

Cebuano: bugók

Tagalog: bugók

Manobo

Western Bukidnon Manobo: buruk

Gorontalo–Mongondow

Gorontalo: hulu'o

Sangiric

Sangir: wuhu'

Minahasan

Tontemboan: wuruk

Greater Barito

Sama–Bajaw

West Coast Bajau: buhuk

East Barito

Malagasy: vozo

North Borneo

Proto-North Sarawak:

Dayic

Kelabit: buruk

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Batak

Dairi Batak: buruk

Karo Batak: buruk

Toba Batak: buruk

Malayo-Sumbawan

Proto-Chamic: *bruʔ

Acehnese: brö'

Coastal Chamic

Haroi: prŭ

Cham: brŭk

Eastern Cham: ꨝꨴꨭꩀ (bruk)

Western Cham: prŭ

Highlands Chamic

Chru–Northern Chamic

Chru: bru

Northern Chamic

Northern Roglai: brũ

Tsat: zoʔ²⁴

Rade–Jarai

Jarai: brŭ

Rade: brŭ

Proto-Malayic: *buruk

Iban: burok

desctree

Malay: buruk
→ Cebuano: bulok
→ Tagalog: bulok
Indonesian: buruk

Minangkabau: buruak

Urak Lawoi': บูโระ (buroq)

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Balinese: buhuk

Sundanese: buruk

Old Javanese: wūk

South Sulawesi

Buginese: buru'

Tae': buruk

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Manggarai: buruk

Rembong: buruk

Sika: buruk


baʀu

Proto-Philippine: *baʀu

Batanic

Ibatan: vayu

Northern Luzon

Ilocano: bago

Isnag: baxo

Kankanaey: bago

Greater Central Philippine

Central Philippine

Bikol Central: malubago

Tagalog: balibago

Visayan

Cebuano

Northern Cebuano: maribago

Southern Cebuano: malabago, malbago

Danao

Maranao: bago

Manobo

Western Bukidnon Manobo: bagu

South Mangyan

Hanunoo: bagu

Sangiric

Sangir: bahu

Greater Barito

Malagasy: varo

Ngaju: baro

Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

Karo Batak: baru

Simeulue: falu

Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:

Proto-Malayic: *baru

Iban: baru

Malay: baru

Indonesian: baru

Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa

Sasak: waru

Madurese: beruh

Sundanese: waru

Old Javanese: waru
> Javanese: ꦮꦫꦸ (waru) (inherited)
→ Balinese: ᬯᬭᬸ /waru
→ Indonesian: waru
→ Sasak: waru
→ Sundanese: ᮝᮛᮥ /waru (waru)

Proto-South Sulawesi:

Buginese: waru

Makasar: baru

Mandar: warru

Celebic

Saluan–Banggai

Balantak: waru'

Tomini–Tolitoli

Totoli: malrambagu

Chamorro: pagu

Central Malayo-Polynesian

Central Maluku

Buru (Indonesia): fahu

Hoti: phal-a

Paulohi: haru

Soboyo: bahu

Sumba–Flores

Kambera: waru

Ngadha: varu

Rembong: waru

Sabu: waru

Timoric

Luangic

Leti: paru

Wetan: pari

Tetum: fau

Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:

Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih:

Buli (Indonesia): pai

Proto-Oceanic: *paʀu
Western Oceanic
→ Mailu: waru
Meso-Melanesian
Northwest Solomonic
Roviana: varu
North New Guinea
Gitua: paru
Papuan Tip
Central
Sinagoro–Keapara
Kalo: valu
Central-Eastern Oceanic
Southern Oceanic
Aneityum: n-hau
Mota: var, varu
Sie: nvau
Southeast Solomonic
Bugotu–Gela
Gela: valu
Malaita–Makira
'Are'are: haru
Arosi: haru
Micronesian: *fau-fau
Central Pacific
Rotuman: hau
Fijian: vau
Proto-Polynesian: *fau
Tongic
Niuean: fou
Tongan: fau
Nuclear Polynesian
Samoic–Outlier
Ellicean
Kapingamarangi: hau
Nukuoro: hau
Takuu: fau, hau
Tuvaluan: fau
Futunic
East Futuna: fau
Futuna-Aniwa: fau
Pukapukan: wau
Tikopia: fau
Samoic
Samoan: fau
Tokelauan: fau
Eastern Polynesian
Marquesic
Hawaiian: hau
North Marquesan: hau
South Marquesan: fau
Tahitic
Maori: whau
Rarotongan: ʻau
Tahitian: fau, hau (dialectal)
Tuamotuan: fau

* Proto-Malayo-Polynesian: *baʀu (Blust, 2008)