See təwə in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "十",
"tr": "to₂wo"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese: 十 (to₂wo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Japanese: 十 (to₂wo)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "十",
"tr": "tō"
},
"expansion": "Japanese: 十 (tō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Japanese: 十 (tō)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "*towo"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *towo\nNorthern Ryukyuan:\nKikai: 十 (θū)\nKunigami: 十 (thū)\nNorthern Amami Ōshima: 十 (θū)\nOkinawan: 十 (tū)\nOkinoerabu: 十 (tū)\nSouthern Amami Ōshima: 十 (tū)\nTokunoshima: 十 (tū)\nYoron: 十 (tū)\nSouthern Ryukyuan:\nMiyako: 十 (tū)\nYaeyama: 十 (tū)\nYonaguni: 十 (tū)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *towo\nNorthern Ryukyuan:\nKikai: 十 (θū)\nKunigami: 十 (thū)\nNorthern Amami Ōshima: 十 (θū)\nOkinawan: 十 (tū)\nOkinoerabu: 十 (tū)\nSouthern Amami Ōshima: 十 (tū)\nTokunoshima: 十 (tū)\nYoron: 十 (tū)\nSouthern Ryukyuan:\nMiyako: 十 (tū)\nYaeyama: 十 (tū)\nYonaguni: 十 (tū)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zkg",
"2": "德",
"tr": "*tək"
},
"expansion": "Goguryeo 德 (*tək)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Ono (1970)"
},
"expansion": "Ono (1970)",
"name": "jpx-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Miller (1971)"
},
"expansion": "Miller (1971)",
"name": "jpx-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tuw-pro",
"2": "*ʒuban",
"3": "",
"t": "ten"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tungusic *ʒuban (“ten”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly cognate with Goguryeo 德 (*tək).\nAccording to Ono (1970), related to *tawa or *təwə (“bend”) from the common hand-counting method of showing the number 10 by bending all fingers over the bent thumb, although this is rejected by Miller (1971), who instead proposed a relationship with Proto-Tungusic *ʒuban (“ten”).\nHowever, the Altaic hypothesis is nowadays widely rejected, so the Tungusic comparison remains unlikely.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-pro",
"2": "numeral"
},
"expansion": "*təwə",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Japonic",
"lang_code": "jpx-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/təwə",
"pos": "num",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Japonic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ten"
],
"id": "en-təwə-jpx-pro-num-5EMrqpCB",
"links": [
[
"ten",
"ten"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "təwə"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "十",
"tr": "to₂wo"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese: 十 (to₂wo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Japanese: 十 (to₂wo)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "十",
"tr": "tō"
},
"expansion": "Japanese: 十 (tō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Japanese: 十 (tō)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"2": "*towo"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *towo\nNorthern Ryukyuan:\nKikai: 十 (θū)\nKunigami: 十 (thū)\nNorthern Amami Ōshima: 十 (θū)\nOkinawan: 十 (tū)\nOkinoerabu: 十 (tū)\nSouthern Amami Ōshima: 十 (tū)\nTokunoshima: 十 (tū)\nYoron: 十 (tū)\nSouthern Ryukyuan:\nMiyako: 十 (tū)\nYaeyama: 十 (tū)\nYonaguni: 十 (tū)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Ryukyuan: *towo\nNorthern Ryukyuan:\nKikai: 十 (θū)\nKunigami: 十 (thū)\nNorthern Amami Ōshima: 十 (θū)\nOkinawan: 十 (tū)\nOkinoerabu: 十 (tū)\nSouthern Amami Ōshima: 十 (tū)\nTokunoshima: 十 (tū)\nYoron: 十 (tū)\nSouthern Ryukyuan:\nMiyako: 十 (tū)\nYaeyama: 十 (tū)\nYonaguni: 十 (tū)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zkg",
"2": "德",
"tr": "*tək"
},
"expansion": "Goguryeo 德 (*tək)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Ono (1970)"
},
"expansion": "Ono (1970)",
"name": "jpx-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Miller (1971)"
},
"expansion": "Miller (1971)",
"name": "jpx-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tuw-pro",
"2": "*ʒuban",
"3": "",
"t": "ten"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tungusic *ʒuban (“ten”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly cognate with Goguryeo 德 (*tək).\nAccording to Ono (1970), related to *tawa or *təwə (“bend”) from the common hand-counting method of showing the number 10 by bending all fingers over the bent thumb, although this is rejected by Miller (1971), who instead proposed a relationship with Proto-Tungusic *ʒuban (“ten”).\nHowever, the Altaic hypothesis is nowadays widely rejected, so the Tungusic comparison remains unlikely.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jpx-pro",
"2": "numeral"
},
"expansion": "*təwə",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Japonic",
"lang_code": "jpx-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/təwə",
"pos": "num",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Japonic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Japonic lemmas",
"Proto-Japonic numerals"
],
"glosses": [
"ten"
],
"links": [
[
"ten",
"ten"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "təwə"
}
Download raw JSONL data for təwə meaning in Proto-Japonic (2.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Japonic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.