agʷnos

agʷnos (nominative singular)
agʷnōs (nominative plural)
agʷnoi (nominative plural)
agʷne (singular vocative)
agʷnōs (plural vocative)
agʷnoi (plural vocative)
agʷnom (accusative singular)
agʷnons (accusative plural)
agʷnosjo (genitive singular)
agʷnī (genitive singular)
agʷnom (genitive plural)
agʷnōi (dative singular)
agʷnois (dative plural)
agʷnōd (ablative singular)
agʷnois (ablative plural)
agʷnei (locative singular)
agʷnois (locative plural)

Latin: agnus (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂egʷnós (“lamb”).


agʷnīnos

agʷnīnos (masculine nominative singular)
agʷnīnā (feminine nominative singular)
agʷnīnom (neuter nominative singular)
agʷnīne (masculine singular vocative)
agʷnīna (feminine singular vocative)
agʷnīnom (neuter singular vocative)
agʷnīnom (accusative masculine singular)
agʷnīnam (accusative feminine singular)
agʷnīnom (accusative neuter singular)
agʷnīnosjo (genitive masculine singular)
agʷnīnī (genitive masculine singular)
agʷnīnās (feminine genitive singular)
agʷnīnosjo (genitive neuter singular)
agʷnīnī (genitive neuter singular)
agʷnīnōi (dative masculine singular)
agʷnīnāi (dative feminine singular)
agʷnīnōi (dative neuter singular)
agʷnīnōd (ablative masculine singular)
agʷnīnād (ablative feminine singular)
agʷnīnōd (ablative neuter singular)
agʷnīnei (locative masculine singular)
agʷnīnāi (feminine locative singular)
agʷnīnei (locative neuter singular)
agʷnīnōs (masculine nominative plural)
agʷnīnoi (masculine nominative plural)
agʷnīnās (feminine nominative plural)
agʷnīnā (neuter nominative plural)
agʷnīnōs (masculine plural vocative)
agʷnīnoi (masculine plural vocative)
agʷnīnās (feminine plural vocative)
agʷnīnā (neuter plural vocative)
agʷnīnons (accusative masculine plural)
agʷnīnans (accusative feminine plural)
agʷnīnā (accusative neuter plural)
agʷnīnom (genitive masculine plural)
agʷnīnāzōm (feminine genitive plural)
agʷnīnom (genitive neuter plural)
agʷnīnois (dative masculine plural)
agʷnīnais (dative feminine plural)
agʷnīnois (dative neuter plural)
agʷnīnois (ablative masculine plural)
agʷnīnais (ablative feminine plural)
agʷnīnois (ablative neuter plural)
agʷnīnois (locative masculine plural)
agʷnīnais (feminine locative plural)
agʷnīnois (locative neuter plural)

Latin: agnīnus

desc

Umbrian: habina, 𐌇𐌀𐌁𐌉𐌍𐌀 (habina), 𐌇𐌀𐌐𐌉𐌍𐌀𐌚 (hapinaf, acc. pl. f.) (if it means "lamb" or the like)

From *agʷnos (“lamb”) + *-īnos (“pertaining to”).


Fatowos

Fatowos (nominative singular)
Fatowom (accusative singular)
Fatowons (accusative plural)
Fatowom (genitive plural)
Fatowois (dative plural)
Fatowois (ablative plural)
Fatowois (locative plural)

desc

Latin: Fatuus (divine name), fatuus (“silly, foolish”)

Oscan: 𐌚𐌀𐌕𐌖𐌅𐌄𐌝𐌔 (fatuveís, gen. sg.), fατοϝε (fatowe, voc. sg.)

→ Etruscan: (borrowed from an Italic language) 𐌚𐌀𐌕𐌖𐌅𐌔 (fatuvs)

From an adjective "of speech", from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéh₂-tus ~ *bʰh₂-téws (“speech”), from *bʰeh₂- (“to speak”).

der

Fatuus, an Italic god who predicts the future


pedom

pedom (nominative singular)
pedā (nominative plural)
pedom (singular vocative)
pedā (plural vocative)
pedom (accusative singular)
pedā (accusative plural)
pedosjo (genitive singular)
pedī (genitive singular)
pedom (genitive plural)
pedōi (dative singular)
pedois (dative plural)
pedōd (ablative singular)
pedois (ablative plural)
pedei (locative singular)
pedois (locative plural)

desc

Umbrian: 𐌐𐌄𐌛𐌖𐌌 (peřum), 𐌐𐌄𐌛𐌖 (peřu), perso (acc. sg.)

From Proto-Indo-European *ped-om, a derivative of *ped- (“to step”).


prāmos

prāmos (masculine nominative singular)
prāmā (feminine nominative singular)
prāmom (neuter nominative singular)
prāme (masculine singular vocative)
prāma (feminine singular vocative)
prāmom (neuter singular vocative)
prāmom (accusative masculine singular)
prāmam (accusative feminine singular)
prāmom (accusative neuter singular)
prāmosjo (genitive masculine singular)
prāmī (genitive masculine singular)
prāmās (feminine genitive singular)
prāmosjo (genitive neuter singular)
prāmī (genitive neuter singular)
prāmōi (dative masculine singular)
prāmāi (dative feminine singular)
prāmōi (dative neuter singular)
prāmōd (ablative masculine singular)
prāmād (ablative feminine singular)
prāmōd (ablative neuter singular)
prāmei (locative masculine singular)
prāmāi (feminine locative singular)
prāmei (locative neuter singular)
prāmōs (masculine nominative plural)
prāmoi (masculine nominative plural)
prāmās (feminine nominative plural)
prāmā (neuter nominative plural)
prāmōs (masculine plural vocative)
prāmoi (masculine plural vocative)
prāmās (feminine plural vocative)
prāmā (neuter plural vocative)
prāmons (accusative masculine plural)
prāmans (accusative feminine plural)
prāmā (accusative neuter plural)
prāmom (genitive masculine plural)
prāmāzōm (feminine genitive plural)
prāmom (genitive neuter plural)
prāmois (dative masculine plural)
prāmais (dative feminine plural)
prāmois (dative neuter plural)
prāmois (ablative masculine plural)
prāmais (ablative feminine plural)
prāmois (ablative neuter plural)
prāmois (locative masculine plural)
prāmais (feminine locative plural)
prāmois (locative neuter plural)

Faliscan: 𐌐𐌓𐌀𐌌𐌏𐌃 (pramod, abl. sg.)

⇒ Latin: prandium (< *prāmo-ed-jom)

De Vaan and Bakkum compare this to Lithuanian pirmas (“first”), Old Prussian pirmas (“first”), and the descendants of Proto-Germanic *frumô.


sēwos

sēwos (masculine nominative singular)
sēwā (feminine nominative singular)
sēwom (neuter nominative singular)
sēwe (masculine singular vocative)
sēwa (feminine singular vocative)
sēwom (neuter singular vocative)
sēwom (accusative masculine singular)
sēwam (accusative feminine singular)
sēwom (accusative neuter singular)
sēwosjo (genitive masculine singular)
sēwī (genitive masculine singular)
sēwās (feminine genitive singular)
sēwosjo (genitive neuter singular)
sēwī (genitive neuter singular)
sēwōi (dative masculine singular)
sēwāi (dative feminine singular)
sēwōi (dative neuter singular)
sēwōd (ablative masculine singular)
sēwād (ablative feminine singular)
sēwōd (ablative neuter singular)
sēwei (locative masculine singular)
sēwāi (feminine locative singular)
sēwei (locative neuter singular)
sēwōs (masculine nominative plural)
sēwoi (masculine nominative plural)
sēwās (feminine nominative plural)
sēwā (neuter nominative plural)
sēwōs (masculine plural vocative)
sēwoi (masculine plural vocative)
sēwās (feminine plural vocative)
sēwā (neuter plural vocative)
sēwons (accusative masculine plural)
sēwans (accusative feminine plural)
sēwā (accusative neuter plural)
sēwom (genitive masculine plural)
sēwāzōm (feminine genitive plural)
sēwom (genitive neuter plural)
sēwois (dative masculine plural)
sēwais (dative feminine plural)
sēwois (dative neuter plural)
sēwois (ablative masculine plural)
sēwais (ablative feminine plural)
sēwois (ablative neuter plural)
sēwois (locative masculine plural)
sēwais (feminine locative plural)
sēwois (locative neuter plural)

Oscan: sivom (nom./acc. sg. n.)

Umbrian: 𐌔𐌄𐌅𐌖𐌌 (sevum), sevom (nom./acc. sg. n.), seveir (dat./abl. pl.)

Unclear. Possibly from *sē- (“for itself”) + *-wos (adjective suffix).


kastrom

kastrom (nominative singular)
kastrā (nominative plural)
kastrom (singular vocative)
kastrā (plural vocative)
kastrom (accusative singular)
kastrā (accusative plural)
kastrosjo (genitive singular)
kastrī (genitive singular)
kastrom (genitive plural)
kastrōi (dative singular)
kastrois (dative plural)
kastrōd (ablative singular)
kastrois (ablative plural)
kastrei (locative singular)
kastrois (locative plural)
kastrus (nominative singular)
kastrowes (nominative plural)
kastrus (singular vocative)
kastrowes (plural vocative)
kastrum (accusative singular)
kastruns (accusative plural)
kastrous (genitive singular)
kastrwom (genitive plural)
kastrowei (dative singular)
kastruβos (dative plural)
kastrūd (ablative singular)
kastruβos (ablative plural)
kastrou (locative singular)
kastruβos (locative plural)

Latin: castrum (see there for further descendants)

Sabellic:

Oscan: castrous (gen. sg.), castrid (abl. sg.)

Umbrian: 𐌊𐌀𐌔𐌕𐌓𐌖𐌅𐌖𐌚 (kastruvuf, acc. pl.), castruo (acc. pl.)

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱes- (“to cut”) + *-trom. This word shows a zero-grade root and epenthetic insertion of -a-.


Kluθednjos

Kluθednjos (nominative singular)
Kluθednje (singular vocative)
Kluθednjom (accusative singular)
Kluθednjons (accusative plural)
Kluθednjom (genitive plural)
Kluθednjōi (dative singular)
Kluθednjois (dative plural)
Kluθednjōd (ablative singular)
Kluθednjois (ablative plural)
Kluθednjei (locative singular)
Kluθednjois (locative plural)

→ Latin: Clufennius (names of various men in Virunum and Canosa)

South Picene: 𐌒𐌃𐌖𐌚𐌄𐌍𐌉𐌞𐌝 (qdufeniúí, dat. sg.)

Martzloff presumes that this name is derived from the present participle of a verb *kluθō, which he also sees in Paelignian clisuist (which all other scholars connect to Latin clūsus instead).


wēskōr

wēskō (active first-person indicative present singular)
wēskōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
wēskes (active indicative present second-person singular)
wēskezo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
wēsket (active indicative present singular third-person)
wēsketor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
wēskomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
wēskomor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
wēsketes (active indicative plural present second-person)
wēskem(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
wēskont (active indicative plural present third-person)
wēskontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
wēskām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
wēskār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
wēskās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
wēskāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
wēskād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
wēskātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
wēskāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
wēskāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
wēskātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
wēskām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
wēskānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
wēskāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
wēske (active imperative present second-person singular)
wēskezo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
wēskete (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
wēsketōd (active future imperative)
wēskents (present)
wēskezi (s-derivative)

Latin: vēscor

From Proto-Indo-European *wes- (“to graze, consume”). The long *ē is from a root noun *wēs ~ *wes-os (“pasture”).


kowiriom

kowiriom (nominative singular)
kowiriā (nominative plural)
kowiriom (singular vocative)
kowiriā (plural vocative)
kowiriom (accusative singular)
kowiriā (accusative plural)
kowiriosjo (genitive singular)
kowiriī (genitive singular)
kowiriom (genitive plural)
kowiriōi (dative singular)
kowiriois (dative plural)
kowiriōd (ablative singular)
kowiriois (ablative plural)
kowiriei (locative singular)
kowiriois (locative plural)

⇒ Latin: cūria

Volscian: couehriu (abl. sg.)

From either:
* Usually envisioned as a derivative of something like *kom- (“together”) + *wiros (“man”) + *-jom, literally “assembly of men”.
* Vine envisions instead a derivation from *kom- (“together”) + *wēros (“true”) + *-jom, literally “[social group with] mutual trust”.


sēpwos

sēpwos (masculine nominative singular)
sēpwā (feminine nominative singular)
sēpwom (neuter nominative singular)
sēpwe (masculine singular vocative)
sēpwa (feminine singular vocative)
sēpwom (neuter singular vocative)
sēpwom (accusative masculine singular)
sēpwam (accusative feminine singular)
sēpwom (accusative neuter singular)
sēpwosjo (genitive masculine singular)
sēpwī (genitive masculine singular)
sēpwās (feminine genitive singular)
sēpwosjo (genitive neuter singular)
sēpwī (genitive neuter singular)
sēpwōi (dative masculine singular)
sēpwāi (dative feminine singular)
sēpwōi (dative neuter singular)
sēpwōd (ablative masculine singular)
sēpwād (ablative feminine singular)
sēpwōd (ablative neuter singular)
sēpwei (locative masculine singular)
sēpwāi (feminine locative singular)
sēpwei (locative neuter singular)
sēpwōs (masculine nominative plural)
sēpwoi (masculine nominative plural)
sēpwās (feminine nominative plural)
sēpwā (neuter nominative plural)
sēpwōs (masculine plural vocative)
sēpwoi (masculine plural vocative)
sēpwās (feminine plural vocative)
sēpwā (neuter plural vocative)
sēpwons (accusative masculine plural)
sēpwans (accusative feminine plural)
sēpwā (accusative neuter plural)
sēpwom (genitive masculine plural)
sēpwāzōm (feminine genitive plural)
sēpwom (genitive neuter plural)
sēpwois (dative masculine plural)
sēpwais (dative feminine plural)
sēpwois (dative neuter plural)
sēpwois (ablative masculine plural)
sēpwais (ablative feminine plural)
sēpwois (ablative neuter plural)
sēpwois (locative masculine plural)
sēpwais (feminine locative plural)
sēpwois (locative neuter plural)

Oscan: sipus (nom. sg. m.)

Volscian: sepu (abl. sg.)

From the same root as Latin sapiō (“to know”). The root is *sep- (“to taste, notice”), but De Vaan, Untermann, etc. reconstruct a laryngeal in that root.


(s)taō

taō (active first-person indicative present singular)
staō (active first-person indicative present singular)
taōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
staōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
taes (active indicative present second-person singular)
staes (active indicative present second-person singular)
taezo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
staezo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
taet (active indicative present singular third-person)
staet (active indicative present singular third-person)
taetor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
staetor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
taomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
staomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
taomor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
staomor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
taetes (active indicative plural present second-person)
staetes (active indicative plural present second-person)
taem(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
staem(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
taont (active indicative plural present third-person)
staont (active indicative plural present third-person)
taontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
staontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
taām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
staām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
taār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
staār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
taās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
staās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
taāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
staāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
taād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
staād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
taātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
staātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
taāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
staāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
taāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
staāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
taātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
staātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
taām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
staām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
taānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
staānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
taāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
staāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
tāom (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
stāom (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
tāes (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
stāes (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
tāed (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
stāed (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
tāome (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
stāome (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
tāete (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
stāete (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
tāond (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
stāond (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
tae (active imperative present second-person singular)
stae (active imperative present second-person singular)
taezo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
staezo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
taete (active imperative plural present second-person)
staete (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
taetōd (active future imperative)
staetōd (active future imperative)
taents (present)
staents (present)
tatos (past)
statos (past)
tatum (tu-derivative)
statum (tu-derivative)
taezi (s-derivative)
staezi (s-derivative)

desc

Old Latin: (s)tatōd (3sg. imp.) (in the Duenos inscription)

⇒ Volscian: atahus (3sg. fut. perf.)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)teh₂- (“to steal”), see also Old Irish táid (“thief”), Sanskrit तायु (tāyú, “thief”), Avestan 𐬙𐬁𐬫𐬎 (tāyu, “thief”).


kʷāntos

kʷāntos (masculine nominative singular)
kʷāntā (feminine nominative singular)
kʷāntom (neuter nominative singular)
kʷānte (masculine singular vocative)
kʷānta (feminine singular vocative)
kʷāntom (neuter singular vocative)
kʷāntom (accusative masculine singular)
kʷāntam (accusative feminine singular)
kʷāntom (accusative neuter singular)
kʷāntosjo (genitive masculine singular)
kʷāntī (genitive masculine singular)
kʷāntās (feminine genitive singular)
kʷāntosjo (genitive neuter singular)
kʷāntī (genitive neuter singular)
kʷāntōi (dative masculine singular)
kʷāntāi (dative feminine singular)
kʷāntōi (dative neuter singular)
kʷāntōd (ablative masculine singular)
kʷāntād (ablative feminine singular)
kʷāntōd (ablative neuter singular)
kʷāntei (locative masculine singular)
kʷāntāi (feminine locative singular)
kʷāntei (locative neuter singular)
kʷāntōs (masculine nominative plural)
kʷāntoi (masculine nominative plural)
kʷāntās (feminine nominative plural)
kʷāntā (neuter nominative plural)
kʷāntōs (masculine plural vocative)
kʷāntoi (masculine plural vocative)
kʷāntās (feminine plural vocative)
kʷāntā (neuter plural vocative)
kʷāntons (accusative masculine plural)
kʷāntans (accusative feminine plural)
kʷāntā (accusative neuter plural)
kʷāntom (genitive masculine plural)
kʷāntāzōm (feminine genitive plural)
kʷāntom (genitive neuter plural)
kʷāntois (dative masculine plural)
kʷāntais (dative feminine plural)
kʷāntois (dative neuter plural)
kʷāntois (ablative masculine plural)
kʷāntais (ablative feminine plural)
kʷāntois (ablative neuter plural)
kʷāntois (locative masculine plural)
kʷāntais (feminine locative plural)
kʷāntois (locative neuter plural)

Latin: quantus (see there for further descendants)

Oscan: pantes (gen. sg. n.)

Umbrian: 𐌐𐌀𐌍𐌕𐌀 (panta, nom. sg. f.)

From either:
* A thematization of Proto-Indo-European *kʷéh₂onts (“how much, how many”), from *kʷéh₂ (neuter plural of *kʷos) + *-onts (Caland adjectival suffix).
* A -tos derivative of *kʷām (whence Latin quam), accusative of *kʷoi.


kelnō

kelnō (active first-person indicative present singular)
kelnōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
kelnes (active indicative present second-person singular)
kelnezo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
kelnet (active indicative present singular third-person)
kelnetor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
kelnomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
kelnomor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
kelnetes (active indicative plural present second-person)
kelnem(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
kelnont (active indicative plural present third-person)
kelnontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
kelnām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
kelnār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
kelnās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
kelnāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
kelnād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
kelnātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
kelnāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
kelnāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
kelnātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
kelnām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
kelnānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
kelnāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
kekolai (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
kekolistai? (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
kekolei (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
kekolme? (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
kekole (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
kekolēri (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
kelne (active imperative present second-person singular)
kelnezo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
kelnete (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
kelnetōd (active future imperative)
kelnents (present)
kelssos (past)
kelssum (tu-derivative)
kelnezi (s-derivative)

⇒ Latin: praecellō, antecellō

From Proto-Indo-European *kelH- (“to rise”), via either:
* A nasal present *kl̥-né-H-ti ~ *kl̥-n-H-énti?
* A dental present *kelH-dʰh₁eti?

⇒ South Picene: 𐌄𐌟𐌄𐌋𐌔𐌉𐌕

they erect; derivative of past participle


-ðlis

-ðlis (masculine nominative singular)
-ðlis (feminine nominative singular)
-ðle (neuter nominative singular)
-ðlis (masculine singular vocative)
-ðlis (feminine singular vocative)
-ðle (neuter singular vocative)
-ðlim (accusative masculine singular)
-ðlim (accusative feminine singular)
-ðle (accusative neuter singular)
-ðleis (genitive masculine singular)
-ðleis (feminine genitive singular)
-ðljes (genitive neuter singular)
-ðlei (dative masculine singular)
-ðlei (dative feminine singular)
-ðlei (dative neuter singular)
-ðlīd (ablative masculine singular)
-ðlīd (ablative feminine singular)
-ðlīd (ablative neuter singular)
-ðlei (locative masculine singular)
-ðlei (feminine locative singular)
-ðlei (locative neuter singular)
-ðlēs (masculine nominative plural)
-ðlēs (feminine nominative plural)
-ðljā (neuter nominative plural)
-ðlēs (masculine plural vocative)
-ðlēs (feminine plural vocative)
-ðljā (neuter plural vocative)
-ðlins (accusative masculine plural)
-ðlins (accusative feminine plural)
-ðljā (accusative neuter plural)
-ðljom (genitive masculine plural)
-ðljom (feminine genitive plural)
-ðljom (genitive neuter plural)
-ðliβos (dative masculine plural)
-ðliβos (dative feminine plural)
-ðliβos (dative neuter plural)
-ðliβos (ablative masculine plural)
-ðliβos (ablative feminine plural)
-ðliβos (ablative neuter plural)
-ðliβos (locative masculine plural)
-ðliβos (feminine locative plural)
-ðliβos (locative neuter plural)

Latin: -bilis

Umbrian: -𐌚𐌄𐌋𐌄 (-fele, acc. sg. m./f.)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *-dʰlis
Proto-Italic *-ðlis
Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-dʰlis, i-stem form of *-dʰlom (“instrumental suffix”). Akin to -bulum.

inh+

Forms adjectives from verb stems indicating capacity or worth of being acted on.


djēkelos

djēkelos (nominative singular)
djēkelōs (nominative plural)
djēkeloi (nominative plural)
djēkele (singular vocative)
djēkelōs (plural vocative)
djēkeloi (plural vocative)
djēkelom (accusative singular)
djēkelons (accusative plural)
djēkelosjo (genitive singular)
djēkelī (genitive singular)
djēkelom (genitive plural)
djēkelōi (dative singular)
djēkelois (dative plural)
djēkelōd (ablative singular)
djēkelois (ablative plural)
djēkelei (locative singular)
djēkelois (locative plural)

desc

with gender shift due to fluctuation in the gender of <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">diēs</i>

Latin: diēcula (with gender shift due to fluctuation in the gender of diēs)

Oscan: zicolom (acc. sg.; gen. pl.), ziculud (abl. sg.), zicelei (loc. sg.)

if not related to <i class="Latn mention" lang="itc-pro">*deikō</i> (“to show, say”)

>? Umbrian: 𐌕𐌉𐌜𐌄𐌋 (tiçel, nom. sg.), 𐌕𐌉𐌜𐌋𐌖 (tiçlu, abl. sg.) (if not related to *deikō (“to show, say”))

From *djē- (generalized from the acc. sg. of *djous) + *-kelos (diminutive suffix).

af

generalized from the acc. sg. of <i class="Latn mention" lang="itc-pro">*djous</i>


-kelos

-kelos (nominative singular)
-kelōs (nominative plural)
-keloi (nominative plural)
-kele (singular vocative)
-kelōs (plural vocative)
-keloi (plural vocative)
-kelom (accusative singular)
-kelons (accusative plural)
-kelosjo (genitive singular)
-kelī (genitive singular)
-kelom (genitive plural)
-kelōi (dative singular)
-kelois (dative plural)
-kelōd (ablative singular)
-kelois (ablative plural)
-kelei (locative singular)
-kelois (locative plural)

Latin: -culus


aesneos

aesneos (masculine nominative singular)
aesneā (feminine nominative singular)
aesneom (neuter nominative singular)
aesnee (masculine singular vocative)
aesnea (feminine singular vocative)
aesneom (neuter singular vocative)
aesneom (accusative masculine singular)
aesneam (accusative feminine singular)
aesneom (accusative neuter singular)
aesneosjo (genitive masculine singular)
aesneī (genitive masculine singular)
aesneās (feminine genitive singular)
aesneosjo (genitive neuter singular)
aesneī (genitive neuter singular)
aesneōi (dative masculine singular)
aesneāi (dative feminine singular)
aesneōi (dative neuter singular)
aesneōd (ablative masculine singular)
aesneād (ablative feminine singular)
aesneōd (ablative neuter singular)
aesneei (locative masculine singular)
aesneāi (feminine locative singular)
aesneei (locative neuter singular)
aesneōs (masculine nominative plural)
aesneoi (masculine nominative plural)
aesneās (feminine nominative plural)
aesneā (neuter nominative plural)
aesneōs (masculine plural vocative)
aesneoi (masculine plural vocative)
aesneās (feminine plural vocative)
aesneā (neuter plural vocative)
aesneons (accusative masculine plural)
aesneans (accusative feminine plural)
aesneā (accusative neuter plural)
aesneom (genitive masculine plural)
aesneāzōm (feminine genitive plural)
aesneom (genitive neuter plural)
aesneois (dative masculine plural)
aesneais (dative feminine plural)
aesneois (dative neuter plural)
aesneois (ablative masculine plural)
aesneais (ablative feminine plural)
aesneois (ablative neuter plural)
aesneois (locative masculine plural)
aesneais (feminine locative plural)
aesneois (locative neuter plural)

Latin: aeneus (see there for further descendants)

Oscan: αιζνιω (aizniō, acc. pl. n.)

From earlier *ajesnejos, from *aeznos (“bronze”) + *-eos (“made of”).


farseos

farseos (masculine nominative singular)
farseā (feminine nominative singular)
farseom (neuter nominative singular)
farsee (masculine singular vocative)
farsea (feminine singular vocative)
farseom (neuter singular vocative)
farseom (accusative masculine singular)
farseam (accusative feminine singular)
farseom (accusative neuter singular)
farseosjo (genitive masculine singular)
farseī (genitive masculine singular)
farseās (feminine genitive singular)
farseosjo (genitive neuter singular)
farseī (genitive neuter singular)
farseōi (dative masculine singular)
farseāi (dative feminine singular)
farseōi (dative neuter singular)
farseōd (ablative masculine singular)
farseād (ablative feminine singular)
farseōd (ablative neuter singular)
farseei (locative masculine singular)
farseāi (feminine locative singular)
farseei (locative neuter singular)
farseōs (masculine nominative plural)
farseoi (masculine nominative plural)
farseās (feminine nominative plural)
farseā (neuter nominative plural)
farseōs (masculine plural vocative)
farseoi (masculine plural vocative)
farseās (feminine plural vocative)
farseā (neuter plural vocative)
farseons (accusative masculine plural)
farseans (accusative feminine plural)
farseā (accusative neuter plural)
farseom (genitive masculine plural)
farseāzōm (feminine genitive plural)
farseom (genitive neuter plural)
farseois (dative masculine plural)
farseais (dative feminine plural)
farseois (dative neuter plural)
farseois (ablative masculine plural)
farseais (ablative feminine plural)
farseois (ablative neuter plural)
farseois (locative masculine plural)
farseais (feminine locative plural)
farseois (locative neuter plural)

Latin: farreus

desc

Umbrian: 𐌚𐌀𐌔𐌉𐌖 (fasiu), farsio, fasio (acc. pl. n.)

From earlier *farsejos, from *fars (“flour”) + *-eos (“made of”).


farsāsios

farsāsios (masculine nominative singular)
farsāsiā (feminine nominative singular)
farsāsiom (neuter nominative singular)
farsāsie (masculine singular vocative)
farsāsia (feminine singular vocative)
farsāsiom (neuter singular vocative)
farsāsiom (accusative masculine singular)
farsāsiam (accusative feminine singular)
farsāsiom (accusative neuter singular)
farsāsiosjo (genitive masculine singular)
farsāsiī (genitive masculine singular)
farsāsiās (feminine genitive singular)
farsāsiosjo (genitive neuter singular)
farsāsiī (genitive neuter singular)
farsāsiōi (dative masculine singular)
farsāsiāi (dative feminine singular)
farsāsiōi (dative neuter singular)
farsāsiōd (ablative masculine singular)
farsāsiād (ablative feminine singular)
farsāsiōd (ablative neuter singular)
farsāsiei (locative masculine singular)
farsāsiāi (feminine locative singular)
farsāsiei (locative neuter singular)
farsāsiōs (masculine nominative plural)
farsāsioi (masculine nominative plural)
farsāsiās (feminine nominative plural)
farsāsiā (neuter nominative plural)
farsāsiōs (masculine plural vocative)
farsāsioi (masculine plural vocative)
farsāsiās (feminine plural vocative)
farsāsiā (neuter plural vocative)
farsāsions (accusative masculine plural)
farsāsians (accusative feminine plural)
farsāsiā (accusative neuter plural)
farsāsiom (genitive masculine plural)
farsāsiāzōm (feminine genitive plural)
farsāsiom (genitive neuter plural)
farsāsiois (dative masculine plural)
farsāsiais (dative feminine plural)
farsāsiois (dative neuter plural)
farsāsiois (ablative masculine plural)
farsāsiais (ablative feminine plural)
farsāsiois (ablative neuter plural)
farsāsiois (locative masculine plural)
farsāsiais (feminine locative plural)
farsāsiois (locative neuter plural)

Latin: farrārius

Umbrian: 𐌚𐌀𐌓𐌀𐌓𐌉𐌖𐌓 (farariur, nom. pl. m.)

From *fars (“flour, grain”) + *-āsios (denominal adjective suffix).


-āsios

-āsios (masculine nominative singular)
-āsiā (feminine nominative singular)
-āsiom (neuter nominative singular)
-āsie (masculine singular vocative)
-āsia (feminine singular vocative)
-āsiom (neuter singular vocative)
-āsiom (accusative masculine singular)
-āsiam (accusative feminine singular)
-āsiom (accusative neuter singular)
-āsiosjo (genitive masculine singular)
-āsiī (genitive masculine singular)
-āsiās (feminine genitive singular)
-āsiosjo (genitive neuter singular)
-āsiī (genitive neuter singular)
-āsiōi (dative masculine singular)
-āsiāi (dative feminine singular)
-āsiōi (dative neuter singular)
-āsiōd (ablative masculine singular)
-āsiād (ablative feminine singular)
-āsiōd (ablative neuter singular)
-āsiei (locative masculine singular)
-āsiāi (feminine locative singular)
-āsiei (locative neuter singular)
-āsiōs (masculine nominative plural)
-āsioi (masculine nominative plural)
-āsiās (feminine nominative plural)
-āsiā (neuter nominative plural)
-āsiōs (masculine plural vocative)
-āsioi (masculine plural vocative)
-āsiās (feminine plural vocative)
-āsiā (neuter plural vocative)
-āsions (accusative masculine plural)
-āsians (accusative feminine plural)
-āsiā (accusative neuter plural)
-āsiom (genitive masculine plural)
-āsiāzōm (feminine genitive plural)
-āsiom (genitive neuter plural)
-āsiois (dative masculine plural)
-āsiais (dative feminine plural)
-āsiois (dative neuter plural)
-āsiois (ablative masculine plural)
-āsiais (ablative feminine plural)
-āsiois (ablative neuter plural)
-āsiois (locative masculine plural)
-āsiais (feminine locative plural)
-āsiois (locative neuter plural)

Latin: -ārius (see there for further descendants)

desc

Oscan: -𐌀𐌔𐌉𐌔 (-asis, nom. sg.), -𐌀𐌔𐌉𐌞𐌔 (-asiús, nom. pl. m.), -𐌀𐌔𐌉𐌞𐌝 (-asiúí, dat. sg. m.), -𐌀𐌔𐌉𐌀𐌔 (-asias, nom. pl. f.), -𐌀𐌔𐌉𐌀𐌝 (-asiaí, loc. sg. f.)

Umbrian: -𐌀𐌓𐌉𐌖𐌓 (-ariur, nom. pl. m.), -𐌀𐌓𐌉𐌀𐌚 (-ariaf, acc. pl. f.), (with apparent failures to rhotacize?) -𐌀𐌔𐌉𐌀𐌓𐌖 (-asiaru, gen. pl. f.), -𐌀𐌔𐌉𐌄𐌓 (-asier, abl. pl.)

Formed from *-āso- (from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂so-, (for which see also the Hittite appurtenance suffix -ašša-), extended with the relational adjectival suffix *-yós (“belonging to”).

Forms relational adjectives to nouns (and rarely numerals).


pwīāō

pwīāō (active first-person indicative present singular)
pwīāōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
pwīās (active indicative present second-person singular)
pwīāzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
pwīāt (active indicative present singular third-person)
pwīātor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
pwīāmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
pwīāmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
pwīātes (active indicative plural present second-person)
pwīām(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
pwīānt (active indicative plural present third-person)
pwīāntor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
pwīāēm? (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
pwīāēr? (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
pwīāēs? (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
pwīāēzo? (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
pwīāēd? (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
pwīāētor? (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
pwīāēmos? (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
pwīāēmor? (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
pwīāētes? (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
pwīāēm(e?)n(ai?)? (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
pwīāēnd? (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
pwīāēntor? (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
pwīā (active imperative present second-person singular)
pwīāzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
pwīāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
pwīātōd (active future imperative)
pwīānts (present)
pwīātos (past)
pwīātum (tu-derivative)
pwīāzi (s-derivative)

Latin: piō

Umbrian: 𐌐𐌄𐌇𐌀𐌕𐌖 (pehatu), pihatu (3sg. imp.), pihafi, pihafei (pass. inf.), 𐌐𐌉𐌇𐌀𐌆 (pihaz), pihos (past part. nom. sg. m.), pihaner, pehaner, peihaner (gerundive gen. sg. m.), ⇒ 𐌐𐌓𐌖𐌐𐌄𐌇𐌀𐌔𐌕 (prupehast, “to reconcile”, 3sg. fut.)

From *pwījos (“pious”) + *-āō (denominative/deadjectival factitive suffix).


pwīāklom

pwīāklom (nominative singular)
pwīāklā (nominative plural)
pwīāklom (singular vocative)
pwīāklā (plural vocative)
pwīāklom (accusative singular)
pwīāklā (accusative plural)
pwīāklosjo (genitive singular)
pwīāklī (genitive singular)
pwīāklom (genitive plural)
pwīāklōi (dative singular)
pwīāklois (dative plural)
pwīāklōd (ablative singular)
pwīāklois (ablative plural)
pwīāklei (locative singular)
pwīāklois (locative plural)

Latin: piāculum

desc

Umbrian: 𐌐𐌉𐌇𐌀𐌊𐌋𐌖 (pihaklu), pihaclo (gen. pl.), pihaclu (abl. sg.)

From *pwīāō (“to expiate”) + *-klom (instrumental suffix).


sekaō

sekaō (active first-person indicative present singular)
sekaōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
sekās (active indicative present second-person singular)
sekāzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
sekāt (active indicative present singular third-person)
sekātor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
sekāmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
sekāmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
sekātes (active indicative plural present second-person)
sekām(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
sekaont (active indicative plural present third-person)
sekaontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
sekaēm? (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
sekaēr? (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
sekaēs? (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
sekaēzo? (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
sekaēd? (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
sekaētor? (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
sekaēmos? (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
sekaēmor? (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
sekaētes? (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
sekaēm(e?)n(ai?)? (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
sekaēnd? (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
sekaēntor? (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
sekā (active imperative present second-person singular)
sekāzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
sekāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
sekātōd (active future imperative)
sekānts (present)
seketos (past)
seketum (tu-derivative)
sekazi (s-derivative)

Latin: secō (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *sékh₁yeti, from *sek(h₁)- (“to cut”).


prosekaō

prosekaō (active first-person indicative present singular)
prosekaōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
prosekās (active indicative present second-person singular)
prosekāzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
prosekāt (active indicative present singular third-person)
prosekātor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
prosekāmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
prosekāmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
prosekātes (active indicative plural present second-person)
prosekām(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
prosekaont (active indicative plural present third-person)
prosekaontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
prosekaēm? (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
prosekaēr? (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
prosekaēs? (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
prosekaēzo? (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
prosekaēd? (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
prosekaētor? (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
prosekaēmos? (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
prosekaēmor? (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
prosekaētes? (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
prosekaēm(e?)n(ai?)? (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
prosekaēnd? (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
prosekaēntor? (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
prosekā (active imperative present second-person singular)
prosekāzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
prosekāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
prosekātōd (active future imperative)
prosekānts (present)
proseketos (past)
proseketum (tu-derivative)
prosekazi (s-derivative)

Latin: prōsecō

desc

Umbrian: 𐌐𐌓𐌖𐌔𐌄𐌊𐌀𐌕𐌖 (prusekatu), 𐌐𐌓𐌖𐌔𐌄𐌊𐌕𐌖 (prusektu, 3sg. imp.), 𐌐𐌓𐌖𐌔𐌄𐌜𐌄𐌕𐌖 (pruseçetu), proseseto (past part.), pacc. pl. n. (dat. pl. n.), prosesetir


tepsrom

tepsrom (nominative singular)
tepsrā (nominative plural)
tepsrom (singular vocative)
tepsrā (plural vocative)
tepsrom (accusative singular)
tepsrā (accusative plural)
tepsrosjo (genitive singular)
tepsrī (genitive singular)
tepsrom (genitive plural)
tepsrōi (dative singular)
tepsrois (dative plural)
tepsrōd (ablative singular)
tepsrois (ablative plural)
tepsrei (locative singular)
tepsrois (locative plural)

Oscan: 𐌕𐌄𐌚𐌞𐌓𐌞𐌌 (tefúrúm)

Umbrian: tefruto (abl. sg. with postposition), 𐌕𐌄𐌚𐌓𐌀 (tefra, acc. pl.)

Often believed to be a secondary derivation from Proto-Indo-European *tépos (“heat, warmth”) + *-rós (adjectival suffix). It is also often compared to Ancient Greek τέφρα (téphra, “ashes”).


arjēts

arjēts (nominative singular)
arjētes (nominative plural)
arjēts (singular vocative)
arjētes (plural vocative)
arjētem (accusative singular)
arjētens (accusative plural)
arjētes (genitive singular)
arjētos (genitive singular)
arjētom (genitive plural)
arjētei (dative singular)
arjētβos (dative plural)
arjēti? arjēte? (ablative singular)
arjētβos (ablative plural)
arjēti? arjēte? (locative singular)
arjētβos (locative plural)

Latin: ariēs (see there for further descendants)

Umbrian: 𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌄𐌕𐌖 (erietu, acc. sg.)

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₁r-i-(e)t- (“certain domestic animal”). Cognate with Old Irish heirp (“kid”), erb, Ancient Greek ἔριφος (ériphos).


-tjō

-tjō (nominative singular)
-tjones (nominative plural)
-tjō (singular vocative)
-tjones (plural vocative)
-tjonem (accusative singular)
-tjonens (accusative plural)
-tjones (genitive singular)
-tjonos (genitive singular)
-tjonom (genitive plural)
-tjonei (dative singular)
-tjonβos (dative plural)
-tjoni? -tjone? (ablative singular)
-tjonβos (ablative plural)
-tjoni? -tjone? (locative singular)
-tjonβos (locative plural)

Latin: -tiō (see there for further descendants)

desc

in <i class="Ital mention" lang="osc">𐌚𐌓𐌖𐌊𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌉𐌖𐌚</i> (fruktatiuf)

Oscan: -𐌕𐌉𐌖𐌚 (-tiuf) (in 𐌚𐌓𐌖𐌊𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌉𐌖𐌚 (fruktatiuf))

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *-tis
Proto-Italic *-tjō
An n-stem extension of Proto-Indo-European *-tis (action noun suffix). Such an extension also appears in Proto-Celtic *-tiyū.

der

Forms action or result nouns from verb stems.


nōmn̥

nōmn̥ (nominative singular)
nōmenā (nominative plural)
nōmn̥ (singular vocative)
nōmenā (plural vocative)
nōmn̥ (accusative singular)
nōmenā (accusative plural)
nōmenes (genitive singular)
nōmenos (genitive singular)
nōmenom (genitive plural)
nōmenei (dative singular)
nōmenβos (dative plural)
nōmeni? nōmene? (ablative singular)
nōmenβos (ablative plural)
nōmeni? nōmene? (locative singular)
nōmenβos (locative plural)

Latin: nōmen (see there for further descendants)

Oscan: 𐌍𐌖𐌌𐌍𐌄𐌝𐌔 (numneís, gen. sg.)

desc

Umbrian: 𐌍𐌖𐌌𐌄𐌌 (numem), nome (nom./acc. sg.), nomner (gen. sg.), nomne (dat./abl. sg.)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃néh₃mn̥, De Vaan's preferred reconstruction for *h₁nómn̥.


peikā

peikā (nominative singular)
peikās (nominative plural)
peika (singular vocative)
peikās (plural vocative)
peikam (accusative singular)
peikans (accusative plural)
peikās (genitive singular)
peikāzom (genitive plural)
peikāi (dative singular)
peikais (dative plural)
peikād (ablative singular)
peikais (ablative plural)
peikāi (locative singular)
peikais (locative plural)

Latin: pīca (see there for further descendants)

Umbrian: peica (acc./abl sg.)

See Proto-Indo-European *(s)peyk- for cognates; possibly originally an onomatopoeic word. Apparently a vṛddhi relative of *pikos (“woodpecker”).


tektom

tektom (nominative singular)
tektā (nominative plural)
tektom (singular vocative)
tektā (plural vocative)
tektom (accusative singular)
tektā (accusative plural)
tektosjo (genitive singular)
tektī (genitive singular)
tektom (genitive plural)
tektōi (dative singular)
tektois (dative plural)
tektōd (ablative singular)
tektois (ablative plural)
tektei (locative singular)
tektois (locative plural)

Latin: tēctum (see there for further descendants)

>? Umbrian: tettome (acc. sg. with postposition)

Substantivization of *tektos, past participle of *tegō (“to cover”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg- (“to cover”).


agets

agets (nominative singular)
agetes (nominative plural)
agets (singular vocative)
agetes (plural vocative)
agetem (accusative singular)
agetens (accusative plural)
agetes (genitive singular)
agetos (genitive singular)
agetom (genitive plural)
agetei (dative singular)
agetβos (dative plural)
ageti? agete? (ablative singular)
agetβos (ablative plural)
ageti? agete? (locative singular)
agetβos (locative plural)

desc

⇒? Oscan: angetuzet (“to pronounce”, 3pl. fut. perf.)

⇒ South Picene: 𐌀𐌉𐌕𐌞𐌐𐌀𐌔 (aitúpas, 2sg. subj.)

⇒ Umbrian: 𐌄𐌉𐌕𐌉𐌐𐌄𐌔 (eitipes, “to decree”, 3pl. perf.)


isskō

isskō (active first-person indicative present singular)
isskōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
isskes (active indicative present second-person singular)
isskezo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
issket (active indicative present singular third-person)
issketor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
isskomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
isskomor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
issketes (active indicative plural present second-person)
isskem(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
isskont (active indicative plural present third-person)
isskontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
isskām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
isskār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
isskās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
isskāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
isskād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
isskātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
isskāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
isskāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
isskātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
isskām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
isskānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
isskāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
isske (active imperative present second-person singular)
isskezo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
isskete (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
issketōd (active future imperative)
isskents (present)
istos (past)
istum (tu-derivative)
isskezi (s-derivative)

Umbrian: eiscurent (3pl. fut. perf.)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eys- (“to request”).


-ātis

-ātis (masculine nominative singular)
-ātis (feminine nominative singular)
-āte (neuter nominative singular)
-ātis (masculine singular vocative)
-ātis (feminine singular vocative)
-āte (neuter singular vocative)
-ātim (accusative masculine singular)
-ātim (accusative feminine singular)
-āte (accusative neuter singular)
-āteis (genitive masculine singular)
-āteis (feminine genitive singular)
-ātjes (genitive neuter singular)
-ātei (dative masculine singular)
-ātei (dative feminine singular)
-ātei (dative neuter singular)
-ātīd (ablative masculine singular)
-ātīd (ablative feminine singular)
-ātīd (ablative neuter singular)
-ātei (locative masculine singular)
-ātei (feminine locative singular)
-ātei (locative neuter singular)
-ātēs (masculine nominative plural)
-ātēs (feminine nominative plural)
-ātjā (neuter nominative plural)
-ātēs (masculine plural vocative)
-ātēs (feminine plural vocative)
-ātjā (neuter plural vocative)
-ātins (accusative masculine plural)
-ātins (accusative feminine plural)
-ātjā (accusative neuter plural)
-ātjom (genitive masculine plural)
-ātjom (feminine genitive plural)
-ātjom (genitive neuter plural)
-ātiβos (dative masculine plural)
-ātiβos (dative feminine plural)
-ātiβos (dative neuter plural)
-ātiβos (ablative masculine plural)
-ātiβos (ablative feminine plural)
-ātiβos (ablative neuter plural)
-ātiβos (locative masculine plural)
-ātiβos (feminine locative plural)
-ātiβos (locative neuter plural)

Latin: -ās

desc

in <i class="Ital mention" lang="osc">𐌋𐌞𐌅𐌊𐌀𐌍𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌝𐌔</i> (lúvkanateís, “Lucanian”)

Oscan: -𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌝𐌔 (-ateís, gen. sg.) (in 𐌋𐌞𐌅𐌊𐌀𐌍𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌝𐌔 (lúvkanateís, “Lucanian”))

Used to form gentilic adjectives with the meaning "of/from" a country or place.


speks

speks (nominative singular)
spekes (nominative plural)
speks (singular vocative)
spekes (plural vocative)
spekem (accusative singular)
spekens (accusative plural)
spekes (genitive singular)
spekos (genitive singular)
spekom (genitive plural)
spekei (dative singular)
spekβos (dative plural)
speki? speke? (ablative singular)
spekβos (ablative plural)
speki? speke? (locative singular)
spekβos (locative plural)

⇒ Latin: auspex, prospex

From a root noun Proto-Indo-European *spóḱs (weak stem *speḱ-), as reconstructed by Weiss.


awizdjō

head

*awizdjō first-singular present indicative

awizdjō (active first-person indicative present singular)
awizdjōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
awizdis (active indicative present second-person singular)
awizdizo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
awizdit (active indicative present singular third-person)
awizditor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
awizdimos (active first-person indicative plural present)
awizdimor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
awizdites (active indicative plural present second-person)
awizdjont (active indicative plural present third-person)
awizdjontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
awizdjām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
awizdjār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
awizdjās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
awizdjāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
awizdjād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
awizdjātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
awizdjāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
awizdjāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
awizdjātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
awizdjām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
awizdjānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
awizdjāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
awizdi (active imperative present second-person singular)
awizdizo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
awizdite (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
awizditōd (active future imperative)
awizdints (present)
awizdizi (s-derivative)

Latino-Faliscan:

Latin: audiō

Latin: exaudiō

Latin: peraudiō

Compound of Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewis (“clearly, manifestly”) and *dʰh₁-ye/o- (“to render”). Cognates with Hittite 𒌋𒄴𒄭 (“to see”), Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hāwíš, Proto-Hellenic *awistʰomai, and Proto-Slavic *(j)avě.


deknōnā

deknōnā (nominative singular)
deknōnās (nominative plural)
deknōna (singular vocative)
deknōnās (plural vocative)
deknōnam (accusative singular)
deknōnans (accusative plural)
deknōnās (genitive singular)
deknōnāzom (genitive plural)
deknōnāi (dative singular)
deknōnais (dative plural)
deknōnād (ablative singular)
deknōnais (ablative plural)
deknōnāi (locative singular)
deknōnais (locative plural)

Volscian: declune

From Proto-Indo-European *deḱ-no- (“worthy”). The existence of the term was posited by Spanish linguist Blanca María Prósper, who suggested it could explain the origins of the Volscian term declune. Prósper proposed that the dissimilation of "-n-n-" to "-l-n-" could explain the etymology of the term declune. Prósper, however, concedes that this theory is "daring."


sānos

sānos (masculine nominative singular)
sānā (feminine nominative singular)
sānom (neuter nominative singular)
sāne (masculine singular vocative)
sāna (feminine singular vocative)
sānom (neuter singular vocative)
sānom (accusative masculine singular)
sānam (accusative feminine singular)
sānom (accusative neuter singular)
sānosjo (genitive masculine singular)
sānī (genitive masculine singular)
sānās (feminine genitive singular)
sānosjo (genitive neuter singular)
sānī (genitive neuter singular)
sānōi (dative masculine singular)
sānāi (dative feminine singular)
sānōi (dative neuter singular)
sānōd (ablative masculine singular)
sānād (ablative feminine singular)
sānōd (ablative neuter singular)
sānei (locative masculine singular)
sānāi (feminine locative singular)
sānei (locative neuter singular)
sānōs (masculine nominative plural)
sānoi (masculine nominative plural)
sānās (feminine nominative plural)
sānā (neuter nominative plural)
sānōs (masculine plural vocative)
sānoi (masculine plural vocative)
sānās (feminine plural vocative)
sānā (neuter plural vocative)
sānons (accusative masculine plural)
sānans (accusative feminine plural)
sānā (accusative neuter plural)
sānom (genitive masculine plural)
sānāzōm (feminine genitive plural)
sānom (genitive neuter plural)
sānois (dative masculine plural)
sānais (dative feminine plural)
sānois (dative neuter plural)
sānois (ablative masculine plural)
sānais (ablative feminine plural)
sānois (ablative neuter plural)
sānois (locative masculine plural)
sānais (feminine locative plural)
sānois (locative neuter plural)

Latin: sānus (see there for further descendants)

desc

Umbrian: 𐌔𐌀𐌍𐌄𐌔 (sanes, abl. sg. f.) (attribute of some sacrificial objects)

Unclear.
* If one mechanically reconstructs *sānos, it could come from a root Proto-Indo-European *seh₂- meaning either "to tie" or "to satiate".
* Heidermanns prefers to instead reconstruct *sanknos, which would belong to the word family of *sankjō and *sanktos from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂k- (“to make sacred”).


kʷatwortos

kʷatwortos (masculine nominative singular)
kʷatwortā (feminine nominative singular)
kʷatwortom (neuter nominative singular)
kʷatworte (masculine singular vocative)
kʷatworta (feminine singular vocative)
kʷatwortom (neuter singular vocative)
kʷatwortom (accusative masculine singular)
kʷatwortam (accusative feminine singular)
kʷatwortom (accusative neuter singular)
kʷatwortosjo (genitive masculine singular)
kʷatwortī (genitive masculine singular)
kʷatwortās (feminine genitive singular)
kʷatwortosjo (genitive neuter singular)
kʷatwortī (genitive neuter singular)
kʷatwortōi (dative masculine singular)
kʷatwortāi (dative feminine singular)
kʷatwortōi (dative neuter singular)
kʷatwortōd (ablative masculine singular)
kʷatwortād (ablative feminine singular)
kʷatwortōd (ablative neuter singular)
kʷatwortei (locative masculine singular)
kʷatwortāi (feminine locative singular)
kʷatwortei (locative neuter singular)
kʷatwortōs (masculine nominative plural)
kʷatwortoi (masculine nominative plural)
kʷatwortās (feminine nominative plural)
kʷatwortā (neuter nominative plural)
kʷatwortōs (masculine plural vocative)
kʷatwortoi (masculine plural vocative)
kʷatwortās (feminine plural vocative)
kʷatwortā (neuter plural vocative)
kʷatwortons (accusative masculine plural)
kʷatwortans (accusative feminine plural)
kʷatwortā (accusative neuter plural)
kʷatwortom (genitive masculine plural)
kʷatwortāzōm (feminine genitive plural)
kʷatwortom (genitive neuter plural)
kʷatwortois (dative masculine plural)
kʷatwortais (dative feminine plural)
kʷatwortois (dative neuter plural)
kʷatwortois (ablative masculine plural)
kʷatwortais (ablative feminine plural)
kʷatwortois (ablative neuter plural)
kʷatwortois (locative masculine plural)
kʷatwortais (feminine locative plural)
kʷatwortois (locative neuter plural)

Latin: quārtus (see there for further descendants)

Sabellic:

→ Latin: Peturtius


kʷenktos

kʷenktos (masculine nominative singular)
kʷenktā (feminine nominative singular)
kʷenktom (neuter nominative singular)
kʷenkte (masculine singular vocative)
kʷenkta (feminine singular vocative)
kʷenktom (neuter singular vocative)
kʷenktom (accusative masculine singular)
kʷenktam (accusative feminine singular)
kʷenktom (accusative neuter singular)
kʷenktosjo (genitive masculine singular)
kʷenktī (genitive masculine singular)
kʷenktās (feminine genitive singular)
kʷenktosjo (genitive neuter singular)
kʷenktī (genitive neuter singular)
kʷenktōi (dative masculine singular)
kʷenktāi (dative feminine singular)
kʷenktōi (dative neuter singular)
kʷenktōd (ablative masculine singular)
kʷenktād (ablative feminine singular)
kʷenktōd (ablative neuter singular)
kʷenktei (locative masculine singular)
kʷenktāi (feminine locative singular)
kʷenktei (locative neuter singular)
kʷenktōs (masculine nominative plural)
kʷenktoi (masculine nominative plural)
kʷenktās (feminine nominative plural)
kʷenktā (neuter nominative plural)
kʷenktōs (masculine plural vocative)
kʷenktoi (masculine plural vocative)
kʷenktās (feminine plural vocative)
kʷenktā (neuter plural vocative)
kʷenktons (accusative masculine plural)
kʷenktans (accusative feminine plural)
kʷenktā (accusative neuter plural)
kʷenktom (genitive masculine plural)
kʷenktāzōm (feminine genitive plural)
kʷenktom (genitive neuter plural)
kʷenktois (dative masculine plural)
kʷenktais (dative feminine plural)
kʷenktois (dative neuter plural)
kʷenktois (ablative masculine plural)
kʷenktais (ablative feminine plural)
kʷenktois (ablative neuter plural)
kʷenktois (locative masculine plural)
kʷenktais (feminine locative plural)
kʷenktois (locative neuter plural)

Latin: quīntus (see there for further descendants)

desc

Oscan: 𐌐𐌞𐌌𐌕𐌄𐌝𐌔 (púmteís), 𐌐𐌞𐌍𐌕𐌉𐌉𐌔 (púntiis), Πομπτιες (Pompties)

→ Latin: Pontius


kʷatru-

Latin: quadri-, quadru- (see there for further descendants)

as in <i class="Latn mention" lang="xum">peturpursus</i>

Umbrian: petur- (as in peturpursus)


dwipōts

dwipōts (masculine nominative singular)
dwipōts (feminine nominative singular)
dwipōd (neuter nominative singular)
dwipōts (masculine singular vocative)
dwipōts (feminine singular vocative)
dwipōd (neuter singular vocative)
dwipōdem (accusative masculine singular)
dwipōdem (accusative feminine singular)
dwipōd (accusative neuter singular)
dwipōdes (genitive masculine singular)
dwipōdos (genitive masculine singular)
dwipōdes (feminine genitive singular)
dwipōdos (feminine genitive singular)
dwipōdes (genitive neuter singular)
dwipōdos (genitive neuter singular)
dwipōdei (dative masculine singular)
dwipōdei (dative feminine singular)
dwipōdei (dative neuter singular)
dwipōdi? dwipōde? (ablative masculine singular)
dwipōdi? dwipōde? (ablative feminine singular)
dwipōdi? dwipōde? (ablative neuter singular)
dwipōdi? dwipōde? (locative masculine singular)
dwipōdi? dwipōde? (feminine locative singular)
dwipōdi? dwipōde? (locative neuter singular)
dwipōdes (masculine nominative plural)
dwipōdes (feminine nominative plural)
dwipōdā (neuter nominative plural)
dwipōdes (masculine plural vocative)
dwipōdes (feminine plural vocative)
dwipōdā (neuter plural vocative)
dwipōdens (accusative masculine plural)
dwipōdens (accusative feminine plural)
dwipōdā (accusative neuter plural)
dwipōdom (genitive masculine plural)
dwipōdom (feminine genitive plural)
dwipōdom (genitive neuter plural)
dwipōdəβos (dative masculine plural)
dwipōdβos (dative feminine plural)
dwipōdβos (dative neuter plural)
dwipōdəβos (ablative masculine plural)
dwipōdβos (ablative feminine plural)
dwipōdβos (ablative neuter plural)
dwipōdəβos (locative masculine plural)
dwipōdβos (feminine locative plural)
dwipōdβos (locative neuter plural)

with second element analogically replaced with <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">pēs</i>

Latin: bipēs (with second element analogically replaced with pēs) (see there for further descendants)

Umbrian: dupursus (dat. pl.)

From *dwi- + *pets (“foot”) (which formerly had an ablaut allomorph *pōd- or *pod-).


kʷatrupōts

kʷatrupōts (masculine nominative singular)
kʷatrupōts (feminine nominative singular)
kʷatrupōd (neuter nominative singular)
kʷatrupōts (masculine singular vocative)
kʷatrupōts (feminine singular vocative)
kʷatrupōd (neuter singular vocative)
kʷatrupōdem (accusative masculine singular)
kʷatrupōdem (accusative feminine singular)
kʷatrupōd (accusative neuter singular)
kʷatrupōdes (genitive masculine singular)
kʷatrupōdos (genitive masculine singular)
kʷatrupōdes (feminine genitive singular)
kʷatrupōdos (feminine genitive singular)
kʷatrupōdes (genitive neuter singular)
kʷatrupōdos (genitive neuter singular)
kʷatrupōdei (dative masculine singular)
kʷatrupōdei (dative feminine singular)
kʷatrupōdei (dative neuter singular)
kʷatrupōdi? kʷatrupōde? (ablative masculine singular)
kʷatrupōdi? kʷatrupōde? (ablative feminine singular)
kʷatrupōdi? kʷatrupōde? (ablative neuter singular)
kʷatrupōdi? kʷatrupōde? (locative masculine singular)
kʷatrupōdi? kʷatrupōde? (feminine locative singular)
kʷatrupōdi? kʷatrupōde? (locative neuter singular)
kʷatrupōdes (masculine nominative plural)
kʷatrupōdes (feminine nominative plural)
kʷatrupōdā (neuter nominative plural)
kʷatrupōdes (masculine plural vocative)
kʷatrupōdes (feminine plural vocative)
kʷatrupōdā (neuter plural vocative)
kʷatrupōdens (accusative masculine plural)
kʷatrupōdens (accusative feminine plural)
kʷatrupōdā (accusative neuter plural)
kʷatrupōdom (genitive masculine plural)
kʷatrupōdom (feminine genitive plural)
kʷatrupōdom (genitive neuter plural)
kʷatrupōdəβos (dative masculine plural)
kʷatrupōdβos (dative feminine plural)
kʷatrupōdβos (dative neuter plural)
kʷatrupōdəβos (ablative masculine plural)
kʷatrupōdβos (ablative feminine plural)
kʷatrupōdβos (ablative neuter plural)
kʷatrupōdəβos (locative masculine plural)
kʷatrupōdβos (feminine locative plural)
kʷatrupōdβos (locative neuter plural)

Latin: quadrupēs (with second element analogically replaced with pēs) (see there for further descendants)

Umbrian: peturpursus (dat. pl.)

From *kʷatru- + *pets (“foot”) (which formerly had an ablaut allomorph *pōd- or *pod-).


-isVmos

-isVmos (masculine nominative singular)
-isVmā (feminine nominative singular)
-isVmom (neuter nominative singular)
-isVme (masculine singular vocative)
-isVma (feminine singular vocative)
-isVmom (neuter singular vocative)
-isVmom (accusative masculine singular)
-isVmam (accusative feminine singular)
-isVmom (accusative neuter singular)
-isVmosjo (genitive masculine singular)
-isVmī (genitive masculine singular)
-isVmās (feminine genitive singular)
-isVmosjo (genitive neuter singular)
-isVmī (genitive neuter singular)
-isVmōi (dative masculine singular)
-isVmāi (dative feminine singular)
-isVmōi (dative neuter singular)
-isVmōd (ablative masculine singular)
-isVmād (ablative feminine singular)
-isVmōd (ablative neuter singular)
-isVmei (locative masculine singular)
-isVmāi (feminine locative singular)
-isVmei (locative neuter singular)
-isVmōs (masculine nominative plural)
-isVmoi (masculine nominative plural)
-isVmās (feminine nominative plural)
-isVmā (neuter nominative plural)
-isVmōs (masculine plural vocative)
-isVmoi (masculine plural vocative)
-isVmās (feminine plural vocative)
-isVmā (neuter plural vocative)
-isVmons (accusative masculine plural)
-isVmans (accusative feminine plural)
-isVmā (accusative neuter plural)
-isVmom (genitive masculine plural)
-isVmāzōm (feminine genitive plural)
-isVmom (genitive neuter plural)
-isVmois (dative masculine plural)
-isVmais (dative feminine plural)
-isVmois (dative neuter plural)
-isVmois (ablative masculine plural)
-isVmais (ablative feminine plural)
-isVmois (ablative neuter plural)
-isVmois (locative masculine plural)
-isVmais (feminine locative plural)
-isVmois (locative neuter plural)

Latin: -issimus (see there for further descendants)

in e.g. <i class="Ital mention" lang="osc">𐌍𐌄𐌔𐌔𐌉𐌌𐌀𐌔</i> (nessimas)

Oscan: -𐌉𐌌- (-im-) (in e.g. 𐌍𐌄𐌔𐌔𐌉𐌌𐌀𐌔 (nessimas))

in e.g. <i class="Latn mention" lang="xum">nesimei</i>

Umbrian: -im- (in e.g. nesimei)

From Proto-Indo-European *-is-tm̥mós, from *-yōs (comparative formant) + *-tm̥mós.


oktāwos

oktāwos (masculine nominative singular)
oktāwā (feminine nominative singular)
oktāwom (neuter nominative singular)
oktāwe (masculine singular vocative)
oktāwa (feminine singular vocative)
oktāwom (neuter singular vocative)
oktāwom (accusative masculine singular)
oktāwam (accusative feminine singular)
oktāwom (accusative neuter singular)
oktāwosjo (genitive masculine singular)
oktāwī (genitive masculine singular)
oktāwās (feminine genitive singular)
oktāwosjo (genitive neuter singular)
oktāwī (genitive neuter singular)
oktāwōi (dative masculine singular)
oktāwāi (dative feminine singular)
oktāwōi (dative neuter singular)
oktāwōd (ablative masculine singular)
oktāwād (ablative feminine singular)
oktāwōd (ablative neuter singular)
oktāwei (locative masculine singular)
oktāwāi (feminine locative singular)
oktāwei (locative neuter singular)
oktāwōs (masculine nominative plural)
oktāwoi (masculine nominative plural)
oktāwās (feminine nominative plural)
oktāwā (neuter nominative plural)
oktāwōs (masculine plural vocative)
oktāwoi (masculine plural vocative)
oktāwās (feminine plural vocative)
oktāwā (neuter plural vocative)
oktāwons (accusative masculine plural)
oktāwans (accusative feminine plural)
oktāwā (accusative neuter plural)
oktāwom (genitive masculine plural)
oktāwāzōm (feminine genitive plural)
oktāwom (genitive neuter plural)
oktāwois (dative masculine plural)
oktāwais (dative feminine plural)
oktāwois (dative neuter plural)
oktāwois (ablative masculine plural)
oktāwais (ablative feminine plural)
oktāwois (ablative neuter plural)
oktāwois (locative masculine plural)
oktāwais (feminine locative plural)
oktāwois (locative neuter plural)

Faliscan: 𐌏𐌂𐌕 (oct) (abbreviation of a praenomen, probably *Octāuus)

Latin: octāvus (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Oscan: 𐌞𐌇𐌕𐌀𐌅𐌉𐌔 (úhtavis), Οταϝις (Otawis)

From older *oktōwos with an odd unrounding of *ō, from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓwos, a thematization of *oḱtṓw. Cognate to Ancient Greek ὄγδοος (ógdoos).


nowVnos

nowVnos (masculine nominative singular)
nowVnā (feminine nominative singular)
nowVnom (neuter nominative singular)
nowVne (masculine singular vocative)
nowVna (feminine singular vocative)
nowVnom (neuter singular vocative)
nowVnom (accusative masculine singular)
nowVnam (accusative feminine singular)
nowVnom (accusative neuter singular)
nowVnosjo (genitive masculine singular)
nowVnī (genitive masculine singular)
nowVnās (feminine genitive singular)
nowVnosjo (genitive neuter singular)
nowVnī (genitive neuter singular)
nowVnōi (dative masculine singular)
nowVnāi (dative feminine singular)
nowVnōi (dative neuter singular)
nowVnōd (ablative masculine singular)
nowVnād (ablative feminine singular)
nowVnōd (ablative neuter singular)
nowVnei (locative masculine singular)
nowVnāi (feminine locative singular)
nowVnei (locative neuter singular)
nowVnōs (masculine nominative plural)
nowVnoi (masculine nominative plural)
nowVnās (feminine nominative plural)
nowVnā (neuter nominative plural)
nowVnōs (masculine plural vocative)
nowVnoi (masculine plural vocative)
nowVnās (feminine plural vocative)
nowVnā (neuter plural vocative)
nowVnons (accusative masculine plural)
nowVnans (accusative feminine plural)
nowVnā (accusative neuter plural)
nowVnom (genitive masculine plural)
nowVnāzōm (feminine genitive plural)
nowVnom (genitive neuter plural)
nowVnois (dative masculine plural)
nowVnais (dative feminine plural)
nowVnois (dative neuter plural)
nowVnois (ablative masculine plural)
nowVnais (ablative feminine plural)
nowVnois (ablative neuter plural)
nowVnois (locative masculine plural)
nowVnais (feminine locative plural)
nowVnois (locative neuter plural)

Latin: nōnus (see there for further descendants)

South Picene: 𐌍𐌏𐌞𐌝𐌍𐌉𐌔 (noúínis)

Umbrian: Noniar (gen. sg.)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁newn̥(n)ós, a thematization of *h₁néwn̥.


septVmos

septVmosos (masculine nominative singular)
septVmosā (feminine nominative singular)
septVmosom (neuter nominative singular)
septVmose (masculine singular vocative)
septVmosa (feminine singular vocative)
septVmosom (neuter singular vocative)
septVmosom (accusative masculine singular)
septVmosam (accusative feminine singular)
septVmosom (accusative neuter singular)
septVmososjo (genitive masculine singular)
septVmosī (genitive masculine singular)
septVmosās (feminine genitive singular)
septVmososjo (genitive neuter singular)
septVmosī (genitive neuter singular)
septVmosōi (dative masculine singular)
septVmosāi (dative feminine singular)
septVmosōi (dative neuter singular)
septVmosōd (ablative masculine singular)
septVmosād (ablative feminine singular)
septVmosōd (ablative neuter singular)
septVmosei (locative masculine singular)
septVmosāi (feminine locative singular)
septVmosei (locative neuter singular)
septVmosōs (masculine nominative plural)
septVmosoi (masculine nominative plural)
septVmosās (feminine nominative plural)
septVmosā (neuter nominative plural)
septVmosōs (masculine plural vocative)
septVmosoi (masculine plural vocative)
septVmosās (feminine plural vocative)
septVmosā (neuter plural vocative)
septVmosons (accusative masculine plural)
septVmosans (accusative feminine plural)
septVmosā (accusative neuter plural)
septVmosom (genitive masculine plural)
septVmosāzōm (feminine genitive plural)
septVmosom (genitive neuter plural)
septVmosois (dative masculine plural)
septVmosais (dative feminine plural)
septVmosois (dative neuter plural)
septVmosois (ablative masculine plural)
septVmosais (ablative feminine plural)
septVmosois (ablative neuter plural)
septVmosois (locative masculine plural)
septVmosais (feminine locative plural)
septVmosois (locative neuter plural)

Latin: septimus (see there for further descendants)

Umbrian: 𐌔𐌄𐌕𐌖𐌌𐌔 (setums)

From Proto-Indo-European *septm̥(m)ós, thematization of *septḿ̥.


dekVmos

dekVmos (masculine nominative singular)
dekVmā (feminine nominative singular)
dekVmom (neuter nominative singular)
dekVme (masculine singular vocative)
dekVma (feminine singular vocative)
dekVmom (neuter singular vocative)
dekVmom (accusative masculine singular)
dekVmam (accusative feminine singular)
dekVmom (accusative neuter singular)
dekVmosjo (genitive masculine singular)
dekVmī (genitive masculine singular)
dekVmās (feminine genitive singular)
dekVmosjo (genitive neuter singular)
dekVmī (genitive neuter singular)
dekVmōi (dative masculine singular)
dekVmāi (dative feminine singular)
dekVmōi (dative neuter singular)
dekVmōd (ablative masculine singular)
dekVmād (ablative feminine singular)
dekVmōd (ablative neuter singular)
dekVmei (locative masculine singular)
dekVmāi (feminine locative singular)
dekVmei (locative neuter singular)
dekVmōs (masculine nominative plural)
dekVmoi (masculine nominative plural)
dekVmās (feminine nominative plural)
dekVmā (neuter nominative plural)
dekVmōs (masculine plural vocative)
dekVmoi (masculine plural vocative)
dekVmās (feminine plural vocative)
dekVmā (neuter plural vocative)
dekVmons (accusative masculine plural)
dekVmans (accusative feminine plural)
dekVmā (accusative neuter plural)
dekVmom (genitive masculine plural)
dekVmāzōm (feminine genitive plural)
dekVmom (genitive neuter plural)
dekVmois (dative masculine plural)
dekVmais (dative feminine plural)
dekVmois (dative neuter plural)
dekVmois (ablative masculine plural)
dekVmais (ablative feminine plural)
dekVmois (ablative neuter plural)
dekVmois (locative masculine plural)
dekVmais (feminine locative plural)
dekVmois (locative neuter plural)

Latin: decimus (see there for further descendants)

Oscan: δεκμας (dekmas, gen. sg./nom. pl. f.)

Venetic: 𐌃𐌄𐌊𐌏𐌌𐌄𐌉 (dekomei)

Secondarily created by analogy to *septVmos and *nowVnos, displacing older Proto-Indo-European *deḱm̥tós > *dekəntos, which survived separately in Oscan.


magisteros

magisteros (masculine nominative singular)
magisterā (feminine nominative singular)
magisterom (neuter nominative singular)
magistere (masculine singular vocative)
magistera (feminine singular vocative)
magisterom (neuter singular vocative)
magisterom (accusative masculine singular)
magisteram (accusative feminine singular)
magisterom (accusative neuter singular)
magisterosjo (genitive masculine singular)
magisterī (genitive masculine singular)
magisterās (feminine genitive singular)
magisterosjo (genitive neuter singular)
magisterī (genitive neuter singular)
magisterōi (dative masculine singular)
magisterāi (dative feminine singular)
magisterōi (dative neuter singular)
magisterōd (ablative masculine singular)
magisterād (ablative feminine singular)
magisterōd (ablative neuter singular)
magisterei (locative masculine singular)
magisterāi (feminine locative singular)
magisterei (locative neuter singular)
magisterōs (masculine nominative plural)
magisteroi (masculine nominative plural)
magisterās (feminine nominative plural)
magisterā (neuter nominative plural)
magisterōs (masculine plural vocative)
magisteroi (masculine plural vocative)
magisterās (feminine plural vocative)
magisterā (neuter plural vocative)
magisterons (accusative masculine plural)
magisterans (accusative feminine plural)
magisterā (accusative neuter plural)
magisterom (genitive masculine plural)
magisterāzōm (feminine genitive plural)
magisterom (genitive neuter plural)
magisterois (dative masculine plural)
magisterais (dative feminine plural)
magisterois (dative neuter plural)
magisterois (ablative masculine plural)
magisterais (ablative feminine plural)
magisterois (ablative neuter plural)
magisterois (locative masculine plural)
magisterais (feminine locative plural)
magisterois (locative neuter plural)

⇒ Faliscan: 𐌌𐌀𐌂𐌉𐌔𐌕𐌓𐌀𐌕𐌖 (macistratu, “magistracy”)

Latin: magister (see there for further descendants)

Umbrian: 𐌌𐌄𐌔𐌕𐌓𐌖 (mestru)

𐌌𐌀𐌉𐌔𐌕𐌄𐌓𐌀𐌕𐌏𐌓𐌁𐌏𐌔

⇒ Venetic: 𐌌𐌀𐌉𐌔𐌕𐌄𐌓𐌀𐌕𐌏𐌓𐌁𐌏𐌔 (maisteratorbos)

Origin unclear; either from Proto-Indo-European *meǵh₂- (“big”) or *meh₂- (“great”).
* If it is from *meh₂-, the -g- in Latino-Faliscan must have analogically spread from *magnos.
* If it is from *meǵh₂-, Sabellic and Venetic must have lost the *g via secondary processes.


welaisVmos

welaisVmos (masculine nominative singular)
welaisVmā (feminine nominative singular)
welaisVmom (neuter nominative singular)
welaisVme (masculine singular vocative)
welaisVma (feminine singular vocative)
welaisVmom (neuter singular vocative)
welaisVmom (accusative masculine singular)
welaisVmam (accusative feminine singular)
welaisVmom (accusative neuter singular)
welaisVmosjo (genitive masculine singular)
welaisVmī (genitive masculine singular)
welaisVmās (feminine genitive singular)
welaisVmosjo (genitive neuter singular)
welaisVmī (genitive neuter singular)
welaisVmōi (dative masculine singular)
welaisVmāi (dative feminine singular)
welaisVmōi (dative neuter singular)
welaisVmōd (ablative masculine singular)
welaisVmād (ablative feminine singular)
welaisVmōd (ablative neuter singular)
welaisVmei (locative masculine singular)
welaisVmāi (feminine locative singular)
welaisVmei (locative neuter singular)
welaisVmōs (masculine nominative plural)
welaisVmoi (masculine nominative plural)
welaisVmās (feminine nominative plural)
welaisVmā (neuter nominative plural)
welaisVmōs (masculine plural vocative)
welaisVmoi (masculine plural vocative)
welaisVmās (feminine plural vocative)
welaisVmā (neuter plural vocative)
welaisVmons (accusative masculine plural)
welaisVmans (accusative feminine plural)
welaisVmā (accusative neuter plural)
welaisVmom (genitive masculine plural)
welaisVmāzōm (feminine genitive plural)
welaisVmom (genitive neuter plural)
welaisVmois (dative masculine plural)
welaisVmais (dative feminine plural)
welaisVmois (dative neuter plural)
welaisVmois (ablative masculine plural)
welaisVmais (ablative feminine plural)
welaisVmois (ablative neuter plural)
welaisVmois (locative masculine plural)
welaisVmais (feminine locative plural)
welaisVmois (locative neuter plural)

Oscan: 𐌅𐌀𐌋𐌀𐌉𐌌𐌀𐌔 (valaimas, gen. sg. f.), valaemom (nom./acc. sg. n.)

→ Latin: volaemum

Pre-Samnite: ϝολαισυμος

South Picene: 𐌅𐌄𐌋𐌀𐌉𐌌𐌄𐌔 (velaimes, gen. sg. m.)

A superlative *-isVmos formation from Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“to rule, powerful”).


sekstos

desc

Faliscan: 𐌆𐌄𐌗𐌕𐌏𐌔 (zextos, nom. sg.), 𐌆𐌄𐌗𐌕𐌏𐌉 (zextoi, dat. sg.), 𐌔𐌄𐌔𐌕𐌏 (sesto)

Latin: sextus

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *sweḱstós, from *swéḱs.


kʷatjō

kʷatjō (active first-person indicative present singular)
kʷatjōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
kʷatis (active indicative present second-person singular)
kʷatizo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
kʷatit (active indicative present singular third-person)
kʷatitor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
kʷatimos (active first-person indicative plural present)
kʷatimor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
kʷatites (active indicative plural present second-person)
kʷatjont (active indicative plural present third-person)
kʷatjontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
kʷatjām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
kʷatjār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
kʷatjās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
kʷatjāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
kʷatjād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
kʷatjātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
kʷatjāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
kʷatjāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
kʷatjātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
kʷatjām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
kʷatjānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
kʷatjāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
kʷētom (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
kʷētes (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
kʷēted (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
kʷatome (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
kʷatete (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
kʷatond (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
kʷati (active imperative present second-person singular)
kʷatizo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
kʷatite (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
kʷatitōd (active future imperative)
kʷatints (present)
kʷassos (past)
kʷassum (tu-derivative)
kʷatizi (s-derivative)

Latin: quatiō

desc

if from <i class="Latn mention" lang="itc-pro">*ad-kʷatjō</i>

⇒? Volscian: arpatitu (3sg. imp.) (if from *ad-kʷatjō)

From Proto-Indo-European *skuh₁t-yé-ti, a *-yéti present from the root *(s)kweh₁t-. The *-a- is by analogy to *fakjō. De Vaan does not reconstruct the laryngeal in this root, but LIV does.

Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben


patēō

patēō (active first-person indicative present singular)
patēōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
patēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
patēzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
patēt (active indicative present singular third-person)
patētor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
patēmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
patēmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
patētes (active indicative plural present second-person)
patēm(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
patēnt (active indicative plural present third-person)
patēntor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
patēām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
patēār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
patēās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
patēāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
patēād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
patēātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
patēāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
patēāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
patēātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
patēām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
patēānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
patēāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
patē (active imperative present second-person singular)
patēzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
patēte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
patētōd (active future imperative)
patēnts (present)
patatum (tu-derivative)
patēzi (s-derivative)

Latin: pateō

restorable as <i class="Ital mention" lang="osc">𐌐𐌀𐌕𐌝𐌕</i> (patít)

Oscan: 𐌐𐌀𐌕 (pat, 3sg. pres.) (restorable as 𐌐𐌀𐌕𐌝𐌕 (patít))

Stative formation in *-ēō formed to a root *pat- extracted from the nasal-infix verb *patnō (“to spread”).


nessisVmos

nessisVmosos (masculine nominative singular)
nessisVmosā (feminine nominative singular)
nessisVmosom (neuter nominative singular)
nessisVmose (masculine singular vocative)
nessisVmosa (feminine singular vocative)
nessisVmosom (neuter singular vocative)
nessisVmosom (accusative masculine singular)
nessisVmosam (accusative feminine singular)
nessisVmosom (accusative neuter singular)
nessisVmososjo (genitive masculine singular)
nessisVmosī (genitive masculine singular)
nessisVmosās (feminine genitive singular)
nessisVmososjo (genitive neuter singular)
nessisVmosī (genitive neuter singular)
nessisVmosōi (dative masculine singular)
nessisVmosāi (dative feminine singular)
nessisVmosōi (dative neuter singular)
nessisVmosōd (ablative masculine singular)
nessisVmosād (ablative feminine singular)
nessisVmosōd (ablative neuter singular)
nessisVmosei (locative masculine singular)
nessisVmosāi (feminine locative singular)
nessisVmosei (locative neuter singular)
nessisVmosōs (masculine nominative plural)
nessisVmosoi (masculine nominative plural)
nessisVmosās (feminine nominative plural)
nessisVmosā (neuter nominative plural)
nessisVmosōs (masculine plural vocative)
nessisVmosoi (masculine plural vocative)
nessisVmosās (feminine plural vocative)
nessisVmosā (neuter plural vocative)
nessisVmosons (accusative masculine plural)
nessisVmosans (accusative feminine plural)
nessisVmosā (accusative neuter plural)
nessisVmosom (genitive masculine plural)
nessisVmosāzōm (feminine genitive plural)
nessisVmosom (genitive neuter plural)
nessisVmosois (dative masculine plural)
nessisVmosais (dative feminine plural)
nessisVmosois (dative neuter plural)
nessisVmosois (ablative masculine plural)
nessisVmosais (ablative feminine plural)
nessisVmosois (ablative neuter plural)
nessisVmosois (locative masculine plural)
nessisVmosais (feminine locative plural)
nessisVmosois (locative neuter plural)

Oscan: 𐌍𐌄𐌔𐌔𐌉𐌌𐌀𐌔 (nessimas, nom. pl. f.), 𐌍𐌄𐌔𐌔𐌉𐌌𐌀𐌔𐌔 (nessimass, acc. pl. f.), nesimum (gen. pl. n.), nesimois (abl. pl. n.)

Umbrian: nesimei (loc. sg. n.)

Often compared to Proto-Celtic *nessais (“closer”), superlative *nessamos; see *nessais for discussion.