skreiβō

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*skreiβō first-singular present indicative

skreiβō (active first-person indicative present singular)
skreiβōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
skreiβes (active indicative present second-person singular)
skreiβezo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
skreiβet (active indicative present singular third-person)
skreiβetor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
skreiβomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
skreiβomor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
skreiβetes (active indicative plural present second-person)
skreiβem(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
skreiβont (active indicative plural present third-person)
skreiβontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
skreiβām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
skreiβār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
skreiβās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
skreiβāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
skreiβād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
skreiβātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
skreiβāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
skreiβāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
skreiβātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
skreiβām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
skreiβānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
skreiβāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
skreipsom (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
skreipses (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
skreipsed (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
skreipsome (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
skreipsete (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
skreipsond (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
skreiβe (active imperative present second-person singular)
skreiβezo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
skreiβete (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
skreiβetōd (active future imperative)
skreiβents (present)
skriptos (past)
skriptum (tu-derivative)
skreiβezi (s-derivative)

Latin: scrībō (see there for further descendants)

desc

Oscan: scriftas (past part. nom. pl. f.)

Umbrian: screhto (past part. nom. sg. n.)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kréybʰeti, from *(s)kreybʰ- (“to scratch, tear”).


kʷekʷō

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*kʷekʷō first-singular present indicative

kʷekʷō (active first-person indicative present singular)
kʷekʷōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
kʷekʷes (active indicative present second-person singular)
kʷekʷezo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
kʷekʷet (active indicative present singular third-person)
kʷekʷetor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
kʷekʷomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
kʷekʷomor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
kʷekʷetes (active indicative plural present second-person)
kʷekʷem(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
kʷekʷont (active indicative plural present third-person)
kʷekʷontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
kʷekʷām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
kʷekʷār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
kʷekʷās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
kʷekʷāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
kʷekʷād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
kʷekʷātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
kʷekʷāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
kʷekʷāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
kʷekʷātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
kʷekʷām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
kʷekʷānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
kʷekʷāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
kʷeksai (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
kʷeksistai? (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
kʷeksei (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
kʷeksme? (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
kʷekse (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
kʷeksēri (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
kʷekʷe (active imperative present second-person singular)
kʷekʷezo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
kʷekʷete (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
kʷekʷetōd (active future imperative)
kʷekʷents (present)
kʷoktos (past)
kʷoktum (tu-derivative)
kʷekʷezi (s-derivative)

Latin: coquō (see there for further descendants)

From earlier *pékʷoh₂ by *p-kʷ assimilation, from Proto-Indo-European *pékʷeti (“to cook, become ripe”).


augeō

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*augeō first-singular present indicative

augeō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
augeō (active first-person indicative present singular)
augeōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
augēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
augēzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
augēt (active indicative present singular third-person)
augētor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
augēmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
augēmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
augētes (active indicative plural present second-person)
augēm(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
augeont (active indicative plural present third-person)
augeontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
augeām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
augeār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
augeās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
augeāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
augeād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
augeātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
augeāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
augeāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
augeātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
augeām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
augeānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
augeāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
auksai (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
auksistai (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
aukse (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
auksed (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
auksomos (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
auksistes (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
auksēri (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
augē (active imperative present second-person singular)
augēzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
augēte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
augētōd (active future imperative)
augēnts (present)
auktos (past)
auktum (tu-derivative)
augēzi (s-derivative)

Latin: augeō

From ealier *augejō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂owg-éye-, causative of *h₂ewg-, metathesis or re-analyzation from *h₂weg-.


jungō

*jungō first-singular present indicative

jungō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
jungō (active first-person indicative present singular)
jungōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
junges (active indicative present second-person singular)
jungezo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
junget (active indicative present singular third-person)
jungetor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
jungomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
jungomor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
jungetes (active indicative plural present second-person)
jungem(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
jungont (active indicative plural present third-person)
jungontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
jungām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
jungār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
jungās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
jungāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
jungād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
jungātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
jungāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
jungāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
jungātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
jungām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
jungānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
jungāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
juksai (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
juksistai? (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
juksei (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
juksme? (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
jukse (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
juksēri (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
junge (active imperative present second-person singular)
jungezo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
jungete (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
jungetōd (active future imperative)
jungents (present)
juktos (past)
juktum (tu-derivative)
jungezi (s-derivative)

Latin: iungō

From Proto-Indo-European *yunégti ~ *yungénti, from the root *yewg-.


kneiɣʷēō

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*kneiɣʷēō first-singular present indicative

kneiɣʷēō (active first-person indicative present singular)
kneiɣʷēōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
kneiɣʷēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
kneiɣʷēzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
kneiɣʷēt (active indicative present singular third-person)
kneiɣʷētor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
kneiɣʷēmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
kneiɣʷēmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
kneiɣʷētes (active indicative plural present second-person)
kneiɣʷēm(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
kneiɣʷēnt (active indicative plural present third-person)
kneiɣʷēntor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
kneiɣʷēām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
kneiɣʷēār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
kneiɣʷēās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
kneiɣʷēāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
kneiɣʷēād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
kneiɣʷēātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
kneiɣʷēāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
kneiɣʷēāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
kneiɣʷēātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
kneiɣʷēām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
kneiɣʷēānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
kneiɣʷēāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
kneiksai (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
kneiksistai (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
kneikse (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
kneiksed (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
kneiksomos (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
kneiksistes (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
kneiksēri (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
kneiɣʷē (active imperative present second-person singular)
kneiɣʷēzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
kneiɣʷēte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
kneiɣʷētōd (active future imperative)
kneiɣʷēnts (present)
kniktum (tu-derivative)
kneiɣʷēzi (s-derivative)

Latin: *nīveō

Proto-Italic: *konkneiɣʷēō (prefixed form *kon- + *kneiɣʷēō)

Latin: cōnnīveō > cōnīveō (prefixed form con- + *nīveō), nictō (from the past participle)

From earlier *kneiɣʷējō, from Proto-Indo-European *kneygʷʰ-éh₁y-eti, from *kneygʷʰ- (“to bend, to droop”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *hnīwaną.


feigʷō

*feigʷō first-singular present indicative

feigʷō (active first-person indicative present singular)
feigʷōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
feigʷes (active indicative present second-person singular)
feigʷezo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
feigʷet (active indicative present singular third-person)
feigʷetor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
feigʷomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
feigʷomor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
feigʷetes (active indicative plural present second-person)
feigʷem(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
feigʷont (active indicative plural present third-person)
feigʷontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
feigʷām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
feigʷār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
feigʷās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
feigʷāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
feigʷād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
feigʷātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
feigʷāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
feigʷāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
feigʷātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
feigʷām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
feigʷānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
feigʷāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
feiksai (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
feiksistai? (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
feiksei (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
feiksme? (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
feikse (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
feiksēri (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
feigʷe (active imperative present second-person singular)
feigʷezo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
feigʷete (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
feigʷetōd (active future imperative)
feigʷents (present)
fiktos (past)
fiktum (tu-derivative)
feigʷezi (s-derivative)

Latin: fīvō, later fīgō

Osco-Umbrian:

desc

Oscan: 𐌚𐌉𐌚𐌉𐌊𐌖𐌔 (fifikus, 2sg. fut. perf.)

Umbrian: 𐌚𐌉𐌊𐌕𐌖 (fiktu, 3sg. imperative)

From earlier *θeigʷō, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéygʷeti, from *dʰeygʷ- (“to stick, set up”).


flūō

flūō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
flūō (active first-person indicative present singular)
flūōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
flūes (active indicative present second-person singular)
flūezo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
flūet (active indicative present singular third-person)
flūetor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
flūomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
flūomor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
flūetes (active indicative plural present second-person)
flūem(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
flūont (active indicative plural present third-person)
flūontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
flūām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
flūār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
flūās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
flūāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
flūād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
flūātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
flūāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
flūāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
flūātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
flūām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
flūānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
flūāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
flūzai (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
flūzistai? (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
flūzei (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
flūzme? (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
flūze (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
flūzēri (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
flūe (active imperative present second-person singular)
flūezo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
flūete (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
flūetōd (active future imperative)
flūents (present)
flūssos (past)
flūssum (tu-derivative)
flūezi (s-derivative)

Latin: fluō (see there for further descendants)

From earlier *flūjō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰluH-yé-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlewH-.
Alternatively reconstructed as *fluwō, from earlier *flowō, from *bʰléwH-ti ~ *bʰluH-énti, from the same root. Not related to English flow, which is inherited from *plew-.


rēōr

rēōr first-singular present indicative (canonical)
rēōr (active first-person indicative present singular)
rēzo (active indicative present second-person singular)
rētor (active indicative present singular third-person)
rēmor (active first-person indicative plural present)
rēm(e?)n (active indicative plural present second-person)
rēntor (active indicative plural present third-person)
rēār (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
rēāzo (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
rēātor (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
rēāmor (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
rēām(e?)n (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
rēāntor (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
rēzo (active imperative present second-person singular)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
rēnts (present)
ratum (tu-derivative)
rēzi (s-derivative)

Latin: reor

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂reh₁- (“to think”).


haizēō

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*haizēō first-singular present indicative

haizēō (active first-person indicative present singular)
haizēōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
haizēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
haizēzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
haizēt (active indicative present singular third-person)
haizētor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
haizēmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
haizēmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
haizētes (active indicative plural present second-person)
haizēm(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
haizēnt (active indicative plural present third-person)
haizēntor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
haizēām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
haizēār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
haizēās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
haizēāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
haizēād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
haizēātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
haizēāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
haizēāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
haizēātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
haizēām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
haizēānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
haizēāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
haissai (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
haissistai (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
haisse (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
haissed (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
haissomos (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
haissistes (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
haissēri (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
haizē (active imperative present second-person singular)
haizēzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
haizēte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
haizētōd (active future imperative)
haizēnts (present)
haistum (tu-derivative)
haizēzi (s-derivative)

Latin: haereō (see there for further descendants)

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʰays-éh₁-ye-ti, from a disputed root *gʰays- (“to adhere, follow”). Cognate with Latvian gaist.


pangō

*pangō first-singular present indicative

pangō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
pangō (active first-person indicative present singular)
pangōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
panges (active indicative present second-person singular)
pangezo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
panget (active indicative present singular third-person)
pangetor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
pangomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
pangomor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
pangetes (active indicative plural present second-person)
pangem(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
pangont (active indicative plural present third-person)
pangontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
pangām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
pangār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
pangās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
pangāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
pangād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
pangātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
pangāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
pangāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
pangātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
pangām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
pangānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
pangāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
pepagai (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
pepagistai? (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
pepagei (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
pepagme? (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
pepage (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
pepagēri (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
pange (active imperative present second-person singular)
pangezo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
pangete (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
pangetōd (active future imperative)
pangents (present)
paktos (past)
paktum (tu-derivative)
pangezi (s-derivative)

Latin: pangō

desc

Oscan: prupukid (“ablative singular of an unattested *prō-pak-iom (“previous agreement”)”)

From Proto-Indo-European *ph₂-n-ǵ-, a nasal-infixed form of *peh₂ǵ- (“to attach, fasten”). Cognates include Ancient Greek πήγνυμι (pḗgnumi, “to attach, join”).


wegēō

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*wegēō first-singular present indicative

wegēō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
wegēō (active first-person indicative present singular)
wegēōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
wegēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
wegēzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
wegēt (active indicative present singular third-person)
wegētor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
wegēmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
wegēmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
wegētes (active indicative plural present second-person)
wegēm(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
wegēnt (active indicative plural present third-person)
wegēntor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
wegēām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
wegēār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
wegēās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
wegēāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
wegēād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
wegēātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
wegēāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
wegēāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
wegēātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
wegēām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
wegēānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
wegēāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
wegē (active imperative present second-person singular)
wegēzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
wegēte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
wegētōd (active future imperative)
wegēnts (present)
wegatum (tu-derivative)
wegēzi (s-derivative)

Latin: vigeō (see there for further descendants)

From earlier *wegējō, from Proto-Indo-European *weǵ-eh₁-(ye)-, stative verb from *weǵ- (“to be lively”). Compare with the causative *wegeō.


wegeō

*wegeō first-singular present indicative

wegeō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
wegeō (active first-person indicative present singular)
wegeōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
wegēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
wegēzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
wegēt (active indicative present singular third-person)
wegētor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
wegēmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
wegēmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
wegētes (active indicative plural present second-person)
wegēm(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
wegeont (active indicative plural present third-person)
wegeontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
wegeām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
wegeār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
wegeās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
wegeāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
wegeād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
wegeātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
wegeāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
wegeāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
wegeātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
wegeām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
wegeānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
wegeāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
wegē (active imperative present second-person singular)
wegēzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
wegēte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
wegētōd (active future imperative)
wegēnts (present)
wegetos (past)
wegetum (tu-derivative)
wegēzi (s-derivative)

Latin: vegeō

From earlier *wegejō, from Proto-Indo-European *woǵ-éye- with change to e-grade, causative verb from *weǵ- (“to be lively”). Compare with the stative *wegēō.


fuiō

fuiō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
fuiō (active first-person indicative present singular)
fuies (active indicative present second-person singular)
fuiet (active indicative present singular third-person)
fuiomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
fuietes (active indicative plural present second-person)
fuiont (active indicative plural present third-person)
fuiām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
fuiās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
fuiād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
fuiāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
fuiātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
fuiānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
fefuai (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
fefuistai? (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
fefuei (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
fefume? (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
fefue (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
fefuēri (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
fuie (active imperative present second-person singular)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
fuients (present)
fuiezi (s-derivative)

Latin:

present forms become active of fīō and passive of faciō

perfect forms become perfect of sum (fuī etc.)

periphrasally constructed future forms become -bō

desc

Oscan: 𐌚𐌉𐌉𐌄𐌕 (fiiet, 3.pl.pres.act.ind.)

Umbrian:

𐌚𐌖𐌉𐌀 (fuia, 3.sg.pres.act.subj.)

𐌚𐌖𐌉𐌄𐌔𐌕 (fuiest, 3.sg.fut.act.ind.)

𐌚𐌉𐌕𐌏𐌔 (fitos, perf.pass.ptc.)

From earlier *ɸūjō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuHyéti, from *bʰuH- (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”).


dolaō

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*dolaō first-singular present indicative

dolaō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
dolaō (active first-person indicative present singular)
dolaōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
dolās (active indicative present second-person singular)
dolāzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
dolāt (active indicative present singular third-person)
dolātor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
dolāmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
dolāmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
dolātes (active indicative plural present second-person)
dolām(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
dolaont (active indicative plural present third-person)
dolaontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
dolaēm? (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
dolaēr? (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
dolaēs? (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
dolaēzo? (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
dolaēd? (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
dolaētor? (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
dolaēmos? (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
dolaēmor? (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
dolaētes? (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
dolaēm(e?)n(ai?)? (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
dolaēnd? (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
dolaēntor? (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
dolawai (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
dolawistai (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
dolawe (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
dolawed (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
dolawomos (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
dolawistes (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
dolawēri (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
dolā (active imperative present second-person singular)
dolāzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
dolāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
dolātōd (active future imperative)
dolānts (present)
dolatos (past)
dolatum (tu-derivative)
dolazi (s-derivative)

Latin: dolō

From earlier *dolajō, from Proto-Indo-European *dl̥h₁-yé-ti, ye-present of *delh₁- (“to cut”).

to hew, chop into shape, fashion, devise


taksō

*taksō first-singular present indicative

taksō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
taksō (active first-person indicative present singular)
taksōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
takses (active indicative present second-person singular)
taksezo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
takset (active indicative present singular third-person)
taksetor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
taksomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
taksomor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
taksetes (active indicative plural present second-person)
taksem(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
taksont (active indicative plural present third-person)
taksontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
taksām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
taksār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
taksās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
taksāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
taksād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
taksātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
taksāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
taksāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
taksātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
taksām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
taksānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
taksāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
tetagai (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
tetagistai? (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
tetagei (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
tetagme? (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
tetage (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
tetagēri (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
takse (active imperative present second-person singular)
taksezo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
taksete (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
taksetōd (active future imperative)
taksents (present)
taktos (past)
taktum (tu-derivative)
taksezi (s-derivative)

Latin: taxō (see there for further descendants)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *téh₂g-se-ti, from *teh₂g-.


foɣʷeō

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*foɣʷeō first-singular present indicative

foɣʷeō (active first-person indicative present singular)
foɣʷeōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
foɣʷēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
foɣʷēzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
foɣʷēt (active indicative present singular third-person)
foɣʷētor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
foɣʷēmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
foɣʷēmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
foɣʷētes (active indicative plural present second-person)
foɣʷēm(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
foɣʷeont (active indicative plural present third-person)
foɣʷeontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
foɣʷeām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
foɣʷeār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
foɣʷeās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
foɣʷeāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
foɣʷeād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
foɣʷeātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
foɣʷeāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
foɣʷeāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
foɣʷeātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
foɣʷeām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
foɣʷeānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
foɣʷeāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
foɣʷē (active imperative present second-person singular)
foɣʷēzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
foɣʷēte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
foɣʷētōd (active future imperative)
foɣʷēnts (present)
foɣʷetos (past)
foɣʷetum (tu-derivative)
foɣʷēzi (s-derivative)

Latin: foveō

From earlier *θoɣʷejō, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰogʷʰéyeti, a causative verb from *dʰegʷʰ- (“to warm”).


sorβeō

*sorβeō first-singular present indicative

sorβeō (active first-person indicative present singular)
sorβeōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
sorβēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
sorβēzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
sorβēt (active indicative present singular third-person)
sorβētor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
sorβēmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
sorβēmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
sorβētes (active indicative plural present second-person)
sorβēm(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
sorβeont (active indicative plural present third-person)
sorβeontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
sorβeām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
sorβeār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
sorβeās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
sorβeāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
sorβeād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
sorβeātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
sorβeāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
sorβeāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
sorβeātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
sorβeām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
sorβeānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
sorβeāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
sorβē (active imperative present second-person singular)
sorβēzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
sorβēte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
sorβētōd (active future imperative)
sorβēnts (present)
sorβetos (past)
sorβetum (tu-derivative)
sorβēzi (s-derivative)

Latin: sorbeō (see there for further descendants)

From earlier *sorβejō, from Proto-Indo-European *srobʰéyeti, from Proto-Indo-European *srebʰ- (“to gulp, sip”). The -or- results from either derivation from a PIE zero-grade form starting in *sr̥bʰ-, analogy with the form of other iteratives such as *torkʷeō and *mordeō, or metathesis of *-ro- to *-or-.


dōnāō

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*dōnāō first-singular present indicative

dōnāō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
dōnāō (active first-person indicative present singular)
dōnāōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
dōnās (active indicative present second-person singular)
dōnāzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
dōnāt (active indicative present singular third-person)
dōnātor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
dōnāmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
dōnāmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
dōnātes (active indicative plural present second-person)
dōnām(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
dōnānt (active indicative plural present third-person)
dōnāntor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
dōnāēm? (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
dōnāēr? (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
dōnāēs? (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
dōnāēzo? (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
dōnāēd? (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
dōnāētor? (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
dōnāēmos? (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
dōnāēmor? (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
dōnāētes? (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
dōnāēm(e?)n(ai?)? (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
dōnāēnd? (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
dōnāēntor? (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
dōnā (active imperative present second-person singular)
dōnāzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
dōnāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
dōnātōd (active future imperative)
dōnānts (present)
dōnātos (past)
dōnātum (tu-derivative)
dōnāzi (s-derivative)

Latin: dōnō

desc

Oscan: 𐌃𐌖𐌍𐌀𐌕 (dunat), 𐌃𐌖𐌖𐌍𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌃 (duunated)

Venetic: donasto

From *dōnom + *-āō, which could point to a Proto-Indo-European verb *deh₃n-eh₂-yé-ti.


pezdō

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*pezdō first-singular present indicative

pezdō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
pezdō (active first-person indicative present singular)
pezdōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
pezdes (active indicative present second-person singular)
pezdezo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
pezdet (active indicative present singular third-person)
pezdetor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
pezdomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
pezdomor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
pezdetes (active indicative plural present second-person)
pezdem(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
pezdont (active indicative plural present third-person)
pezdontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
pezdām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
pezdār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
pezdās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
pezdāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
pezdād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
pezdātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
pezdāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
pezdāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
pezdātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
pezdām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
pezdānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
pezdāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
pepezdai (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
pepezdistai? (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
pepezdei (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
pepezdme? (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
pepezde (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
pepezdēri (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
pezde (active imperative present second-person singular)
pezdezo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
pezdete (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
pezdetōd (active future imperative)
pezdents (present)
pezdos (past)
pezdum (tu-derivative)
pezdezi (s-derivative)

Latin: pēdō

From Proto-Indo-European *pésdeti, from *pesd- (“to fart”).


pāskō

*pāskō first-singular present indicative

pāskō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
pāskō (active first-person indicative present singular)
pāskōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
pāskes (active indicative present second-person singular)
pāskezo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
pāsket (active indicative present singular third-person)
pāsketor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
pāskomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
pāskomor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
pāsketes (active indicative plural present second-person)
pāskem(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
pāskont (active indicative plural present third-person)
pāskontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
pāskām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
pāskār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
pāskās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
pāskāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
pāskād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
pāskātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
pāskāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
pāskāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
pāskātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
pāskām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
pāskānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
pāskāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
pāsom (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
pāses (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
pāsed (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
pāsome (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
pāsete (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
pāsond (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
pāske (active imperative present second-person singular)
pāskezo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
pāskete (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
pāsketōd (active future imperative)
pāskents (present)
pāstos (past)
pāstum (tu-derivative)
pāskezi (s-derivative)

Latin: pāscō

desc

⇒ Sicel: εποπασκα (epopaska) (< *ekwo-pāsk-ā)

Extended from an earlier s-present, Proto-Indo-European *péh₂sti, from the root *peh₂-.


glouβō

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*glouβō first-singular present indicative

glouβō (active first-person indicative present singular)
glouβōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
glouβes (active indicative present second-person singular)
glouβezo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
glouβet (active indicative present singular third-person)
glouβetor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
glouβomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
glouβomor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
glouβetes (active indicative plural present second-person)
glouβem(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
glouβont (active indicative plural present third-person)
glouβontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
glouβām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
glouβār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
glouβās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
glouβāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
glouβād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
glouβātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
glouβāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
glouβāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
glouβātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
glouβām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
glouβānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
glouβāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
glouβe (active imperative present second-person singular)
glouβezo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
glouβete (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
glouβetōd (active future imperative)
glouβents (present)
glouβezi (s-derivative)

Latin: glūbō


kensēō

*kensēō first-singular present indicative

kensēō (active first-person indicative present singular)
kensēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
kensēt (active indicative present singular third-person)
kensēmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
kensētes (active indicative plural present second-person)
kensēnt (active indicative plural present third-person)
kensēām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
kensēās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
kensēād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
kensēāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
kensēātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
kensēānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
kensē (active imperative present second-person singular)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
kensēnts (present)
kensēzi (s-derivative)

Latin: cēnseō

Oscan: censaum

From earlier *kensējō, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱens-éh₁-ye-ti, from *ḱens- (“to announce”). Cognate with Sanskrit शंसति (śáṃsati, “to declare”), Proto-Iranian *cánhati (“idem”).


dormjō

*dormjō first-singular present indicative

dormjō (active first-person indicative present singular)
dormjes (active indicative present second-person singular)
dormjet (active indicative present singular third-person)
dormjomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
dormjetes (active indicative plural present second-person)
dormjont (active indicative plural present third-person)
dormjām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
dormjās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
dormjād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
dormjāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
dormjātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
dormjānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
dormjewai (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
dormjewistai? (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
dormjewei (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
dormjewme? (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
dormjewe (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
dormjewēri (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
dormje (active imperative present second-person singular)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
dormjents (present)
dormjezi (s-derivative)

Latin: dormiō (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *dr̥m-yé-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *drem- (“to run, sleep”).


iowaō

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*iowaō first-singular present indicative

iowaō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
iowaō (active first-person indicative present singular)
iowaōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
iowās (active indicative present second-person singular)
iowāzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
iowāt (active indicative present singular third-person)
iowātor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
iowāmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
iowāmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
iowātes (active indicative plural present second-person)
iowām(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
iowaont (active indicative plural present third-person)
iowaontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
iowaēm? (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
iowaēr? (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
iowaēs? (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
iowaēzo? (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
iowaēd? (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
iowaētor? (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
iowaēmos? (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
iowaēmor? (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
iowaētes? (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
iowaēm(e?)n(ai?)? (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
iowaēnd? (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
iowaēntor? (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
iowā (active imperative present second-person singular)
iowāzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
iowāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
iowātōd (active future imperative)
iowānts (present)
iowatos (past)
iowatum (tu-derivative)
iowazi (s-derivative)

Latin: iuvō (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁íh₁ewHeti, from *h₁ewH-.


kazēō

*kazēō first-singular present indicative

kazēō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
kazēō (active first-person indicative present singular)
kazēōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
kazēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
kazēzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
kazēt (active indicative present singular third-person)
kazētor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
kazēmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
kazēmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
kazētes (active indicative plural present second-person)
kazēm(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
kazēnt (active indicative plural present third-person)
kazēntor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
kazēām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
kazēār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
kazēās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
kazēāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
kazēād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
kazēātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
kazēāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
kazēāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
kazēātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
kazēām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
kazēānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
kazēāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
kazē (active imperative present second-person singular)
kazēzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
kazēte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
kazētōd (active future imperative)
kazēnts (present)
kastum (tu-derivative)
kazēzi (s-derivative)

Latin: careō

Faliscan: 𐌂𐌀𐌓𐌄𐌅𐌏 (carefo)

Oscan: 𐌊𐌀𐌔𐌉𐌕 (kasit) (3rd sg. act. pres. ind.)

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *ḱes-éh₁-ye-ti, from *ḱes- (“to cut”). However, de Vaan is skeptical of this derivation, as well as other derivations linking the term to Proto-Indo-Iranian *káHmas (“desire”) and Sanskrit शास् (śās, “to instruct”), and leaves the origin open.


woɣʷeō

*woɣʷeō first-singular present indicative

woɣʷeō (active first-person indicative present singular)
woɣʷeōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
woɣʷēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
woɣʷēzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
woɣʷēt (active indicative present singular third-person)
woɣʷētor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
woɣʷēmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
woɣʷēmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
woɣʷētes (active indicative plural present second-person)
woɣʷēm(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
woɣʷeont (active indicative plural present third-person)
woɣʷeontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
woɣʷeām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
woɣʷeār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
woɣʷeās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
woɣʷeāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
woɣʷeād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
woɣʷeātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
woɣʷeāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
woɣʷeāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
woɣʷeātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
woɣʷeām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
woɣʷeānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
woɣʷeāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
woɣʷē (active imperative present second-person singular)
woɣʷēzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
woɣʷēte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
woɣʷētōd (active future imperative)
woɣʷēnts (present)
woɣʷetos (past)
woɣʷetum (tu-derivative)
woɣʷēzi (s-derivative)

Latino-Faliscan:

Latin: voveō

Faliscan: vootum (participle perfect)

Osco-Umbrian:

Oscan: vurtum (participle perfect)

Umbrian: 𐌅𐌖𐌚𐌄𐌕𐌄𐌔 (vufetes) (participle perfect dat./abl. plural)

Venetic: votsom (participle perfect)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁wogʷʰéyeti, a causative verb; ultimately, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁wegʷʰ- (to promise; to praise). Cognates include Ancient Greek εὔχομαι (eúkhomai), Sanskrit वाघत् (vāghát) and Old Armenian գոգեմ (gogem).

to vow, promise; dedicate or devote to a deity


walēō

*walēō first-singular present indicative

walēō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
walēō (active first-person indicative present singular)
walēōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
walēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
walēzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
walēt (active indicative present singular third-person)
walētor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
walēmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
walēmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
walētes (active indicative plural present second-person)
walēm(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
walēnt (active indicative plural present third-person)
walēntor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
walēām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
walēār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
walēās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
walēāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
walēād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
walēātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
walēāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
walēāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
walēātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
walēām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
walēānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
walēāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
walē (active imperative present second-person singular)
walēzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
walēte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
walētōd (active future imperative)
walēnts (present)
walatum (tu-derivative)
walēzi (s-derivative)

Latin: valeō

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂wl̥h₁éh₁yeti, from *h₂welh₁- (“to rule, be strong”).


krezðō

*krezðō first-singular present indicative

krezðō (active first-person indicative present singular)
krezðōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
krezðes (active indicative present second-person singular)
krezðezo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
krezðet (active indicative present singular third-person)
krezðetor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
krezðomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
krezðomor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
krezðetes (active indicative plural present second-person)
krezðem(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
krezðont (active indicative plural present third-person)
krezðontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
krezðām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
krezðār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
krezðās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
krezðāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
krezðād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
krezðātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
krezðāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
krezðāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
krezðātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
krezðām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
krezðānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
krezðāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
krezðe (active imperative present second-person singular)
krezðezo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
krezðete (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
krezðetōd (active future imperative)
krezðents (present)
krezðezi (s-derivative)

Latin: crēdō (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱréddʰh₁eti (“to place one's heart, i.e. to trust, believe”). Cognate with Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćradᶻdʰáH, Proto-Celtic *kreddīti.


mikskō

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*mikskō first-singular present indicative

mikskō (active first-person indicative present singular)
mikskōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
mikskes (active indicative present second-person singular)
mikskezo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
miksket (active indicative present singular third-person)
miksketor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
mikskomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
mikskomor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
miksketes (active indicative plural present second-person)
mikskem(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
mikskont (active indicative plural present third-person)
mikskontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
mikskām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
mikskār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
mikskās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
mikskāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
mikskād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
mikskātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
mikskāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
mikskāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
mikskātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
mikskām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
mikskānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
mikskāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
mikske (active imperative present second-person singular)
mikskezo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
mikskete (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
miksketōd (active future imperative)
mikskents (present)
miktos (past)
mikstos (past)
miktum (tu-derivative)
mikstum (tu-derivative)
mikskezi (s-derivative)

Latin: misceō (see there for further descendants)


tolazāō

*tolazāō first-singular present indicative

tolazāō (active first-person indicative present singular)
tolazāōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
tolazās (active indicative present second-person singular)
tolazāzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
tolazāt (active indicative present singular third-person)
tolazātor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
tolazāmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
tolazāmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
tolazātes (active indicative plural present second-person)
tolazām(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
tolazānt (active indicative plural present third-person)
tolazāntor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
tolazāēm? (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
tolazāēr? (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
tolazāēs? (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
tolazāēzo? (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
tolazāēd? (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
tolazāētor? (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
tolazāēmos? (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
tolazāēmor? (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
tolazāētes? (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
tolazāēm(e?)n(ai?)? (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
tolazāēnd? (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
tolazāēntor? (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
tolazā (active imperative present second-person singular)
tolazāzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
tolazāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
tolazātōd (active future imperative)
tolazānts (present)
tolazātos (past)
tolazātum (tu-derivative)
tolazāzi (s-derivative)

Latin: tolerō (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *tolh₂-es-eh₂-ye-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *telh₂-.


troudō

*troudō first-singular present indicative

troudō (active first-person indicative present singular)
troudōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
troudes (active indicative present second-person singular)
troudezo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
troudet (active indicative present singular third-person)
troudetor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
troudomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
troudomor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
troudetes (active indicative plural present second-person)
troudem(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
troudont (active indicative plural present third-person)
troudontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
troudām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
troudār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
troudās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
troudāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
troudād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
troudātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
troudāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
troudāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
troudātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
troudām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
troudānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
troudāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
troude (active imperative present second-person singular)
troudezo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
troudete (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
troudetōd (active future imperative)
troudents (present)
troudezi (s-derivative)

Latin: trūdō


latēō

*latēō first-singular present indicative

latēō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
latēō (active first-person indicative present singular)
latēōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
latēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
latēzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
latēt (active indicative present singular third-person)
latētor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
latēmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
latēmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
latētes (active indicative plural present second-person)
latēm(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
latēnt (active indicative plural present third-person)
latēntor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
latēām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
latēār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
latēās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
latēāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
latēād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
latēātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
latēāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
latēāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
latēātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
latēām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
latēānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
latēāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
latē (active imperative present second-person singular)
latēzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
latēte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
latētōd (active future imperative)
latēnts (present)
latatum (tu-derivative)
latēzi (s-derivative)

Latin: lateō (see there for further descendants)

From earlier *latējō, from Proto-Indo-European *l̥h₂t-éh₁ye-ti (“to be hidden”), from *leh₂- (“to hide”).


kūdō

kūdō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
kūdō (active first-person indicative present singular)
kūdōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
kūdes (active indicative present second-person singular)
kūdezo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
kūdet (active indicative present singular third-person)
kūdetor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
kūdomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
kūdomor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
kūdetes (active indicative plural present second-person)
kūdem(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
kūdont (active indicative plural present third-person)
kūdontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
kūdām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
kūdār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
kūdās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
kūdāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
kūdād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
kūdātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
kūdāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
kūdāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
kūdātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
kūdām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
kūdānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
kūdāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
kūde (active imperative present second-person singular)
kūdezo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
kūdete (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
kūdetōd (active future imperative)
kūdents (present)
kūssos (past)
kūssum (tu-derivative)
kūdezi (s-derivative)

Latin: cūdō

From Proto-Indo-European *kuh₂deti, from the root *kewh₂-.


oleō

oleō (active first-person indicative present singular)
oleōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
olēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
olēzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
olēt (active indicative present singular third-person)
olētor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
olēmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
olēmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
olētes (active indicative plural present second-person)
olēm(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
oleont (active indicative plural present third-person)
oleontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
oleām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
oleār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
oleās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
oleāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
oleād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
oleātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
oleāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
oleāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
oleātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
oleām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
oleānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
oleāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
olē (active imperative present second-person singular)
olēzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
olēte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
olētōd (active future imperative)
olēnts (present)
altos (past)
altum (tu-derivative)
olēzi (s-derivative)

Latin: *oleō

Umbrian: 𐌖𐌛𐌄𐌕𐌖 (uřetu, 3sg. impv.)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ol-éye-ti, from *h₂el- (“grow, nourish”) + *-éyeti (causitive suffix). Related to Latin alō.


oleō

oleō (active first-person indicative present singular)
oleōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
olēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
olēzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
olēt (active indicative present singular third-person)
olētor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
olēmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
olēmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
olētes (active indicative plural present second-person)
olēm(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
oleont (active indicative plural present third-person)
oleontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
oleām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
oleār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
oleās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
oleāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
oleād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
oleātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
oleāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
oleāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
oleātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
oleām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
oleānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
oleāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
olē (active imperative present second-person singular)
olēzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
olēte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
olētōd (active future imperative)
olēnts (present)
oletos (past)
oletum (tu-derivative)
olēzi (s-derivative)

Latin: *oleō (“to wipe out, destroy”)


wizēō

head

*wizēō first-singular present indicative

wizēō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
wizēō (active first-person indicative present singular)
wizēōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
wizēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
wizēzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
wizēt (active indicative present singular third-person)
wizētor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
wizēmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
wizēmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
wizētes (active indicative plural present second-person)
wizēm(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
wizēnt (active indicative plural present third-person)
wizēntor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
wizēām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
wizēār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
wizēās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
wizēāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
wizēād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
wizēātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
wizēāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
wizēāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
wizēātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
wizēām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
wizēānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
wizēāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
wizai (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
wizistai (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
wize (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
wized (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
wizomos (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
wizistes (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
wizēri (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
wizē (active imperative present second-person singular)
wizēzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
wizēte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
wizētōd (active future imperative)
wizēnts (present)
wizum (tu-derivative)
wizēzi (s-derivative)

Latin: vireō (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *wiséh₁yeti, from Proto-Indo-European *weys- (“to increase”). See also Old English wise (“stalk, sprout”), Old Norse visir (“sprout, bud”), Lithuanian veisti (“propagate”).


amō

amō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
amō (active first-person indicative present singular)
amōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
amas (active indicative present second-person singular)
amazo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
amat (active indicative present singular third-person)
amator (indicative passive present singular third-person)
amamos (active first-person indicative plural present)
amamor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
amates (active indicative plural present second-person)
ament (active indicative plural present third-person)
amentor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
amām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
amār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
amās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
amāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
amād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
amātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
amāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
amāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
amātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
amānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
amāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
ama (active imperative present second-person singular)
amazo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
amate (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
amatōd (active future imperative)
amants (present)
amatos (past)
amatus (tu-derivative)
amazi (s-derivative)

desc

Marrucinian: amatens (“they have received”, 3pl. act. perf.)

>? Pre-Samnite: αματεσ (amates)

LIV and De Vaan suggest a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *h₃emh₃- (“to seize, to take hold”) via “to take hold”, applying a semantic shift “to take by the hand” > “to regard as a friend” > “to love, to be fond of” to arrive at the Latin meaning.

der

Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben


tlokʷōr

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*tlokʷōr first-singular present indicative

tlokʷōr (active first-person indicative present singular)
tlokʷezo (active indicative present second-person singular)
tlokʷetor (active indicative present singular third-person)
tlokʷomor (active first-person indicative plural present)
tlokʷem(e?)n (active indicative plural present second-person)
tlokʷontor (active indicative plural present third-person)
tlokʷār (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
tlokʷāzo (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
tlokʷātor (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
tlokʷāmor (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
tlokʷām(e?)n (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
tlokʷāntor (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
tlokʷezo (active imperative present second-person singular)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
tlokʷents (present)
tlokʷātos (past)
tlokʷātum (tu-derivative)
tlokʷezi (s-derivative)

Latin: loquor

From Proto-Indo-European *tlokʷetor, from *telkʷ- (“to talk”).


portāō

*portāō first-singular present indicative

portāō (active first-person indicative present singular)
portāōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
portās (active indicative present second-person singular)
portāzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
portāt (active indicative present singular third-person)
portātor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
portāmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
portāmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
portātes (active indicative plural present second-person)
portām(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
portānt (active indicative plural present third-person)
portāntor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
portāēm? (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
portāēr? (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
portāēs? (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
portāēzo? (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
portāēd? (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
portāētor? (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
portāēmos? (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
portāēmor? (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
portāētes? (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
portāēm(e?)n(ai?)? (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
portāēnd? (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
portāēntor? (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
portā (active imperative present second-person singular)
portāzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
portāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
portātōd (active future imperative)
portānts (present)
portātos (past)
portātum (tu-derivative)
portāzi (s-derivative)

Latin: portō (see there for further descendants)

desc

Umbrian: 𐌐𐌖𐌓𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌖 (purtatu), portatu, portaia, portust

From *portā (“crossing”) + *-āō (denominal verb suffix).


wenezāōr

head

*wenezāōr first-singular present indicative

wenezāōr (active first-person indicative present singular)
wenezāzo (active indicative present second-person singular)
wenezātor (active indicative present singular third-person)
wenezāmor (active first-person indicative plural present)
wenezām(e?)n (active indicative plural present second-person)
wenezāntor (active indicative plural present third-person)
wenezāēr? (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
wenezāēzo? (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
wenezāētor? (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
wenezāēmor? (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
wenezāēm(e?)n(ai?)? (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
wenezāēntor? (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
wenezāzo (active imperative present second-person singular)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
wenezānts (present)
wenezos (past)
wenezum (tu-derivative)
wenezāzi (s-derivative)

Latin: veneror


saljō

*saljō first-singular present indicative

saljō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
saljō (active first-person indicative present singular)
saljōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
salis (active indicative present second-person singular)
salizo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
salit (active indicative present singular third-person)
salitor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
salimos (active first-person indicative plural present)
salimor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
salites (active indicative plural present second-person)
saljont (active indicative plural present third-person)
saljontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
saljām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
saljār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
saljās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
saljāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
saljād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
saljātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
saljāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
saljāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
saljātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
saljām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
saljānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
saljāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
sali (active imperative present second-person singular)
salizo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
salite (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
salitōd (active future imperative)
salints (present)
saltos (past)
saltum (tu-derivative)
salizi (s-derivative)

Latin: saliō (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *sl̥yétor, from *seh₂l- (“to jump”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἅλλομαι (hállomai), Welsh sathru (“to trample, soil”), Tocharian B salāte (“jumped”), Sanskrit सृ (sṛ, “to spring, flow”).


fatēōr

*fatēōr first-singular present indicative

fatēōr (active first-person indicative present singular)
fatēzo (active indicative present second-person singular)
fatētor (active indicative present singular third-person)
fatēmor (active first-person indicative plural present)
fatēm(e?)n (active indicative plural present second-person)
fatēntor (active indicative plural present third-person)
fatēār (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
fatēāzo (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
fatēātor (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
fatēāmor (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
fatēām(e?)n (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
fatēāntor (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
fatēzo (active imperative present second-person singular)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
fatēnts (present)
fatatum (tu-derivative)
fatēzi (s-derivative)

Latin: fateor

Oscan: 𐌚𐌀𐌕𐌝𐌖𐌌 (fatíum, infinitive)

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂-to- (“spoken”), *bʰeh₂-t- (“who speaks”), from *bʰeh₂- (“to speak”).


petkāō

*petkāō first-singular present indicative

petkāō (active first-person indicative present singular)
petkāōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
petkās (active indicative present second-person singular)
petkāzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
petkāt (active indicative present singular third-person)
petkātor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
petkāmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
petkāmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
petkātes (active indicative plural present second-person)
petkām(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
petkānt (active indicative plural present third-person)
petkāntor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
petkāēm? (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
petkāēr? (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
petkāēs? (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
petkāēzo? (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
petkāēd? (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
petkāētor? (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
petkāēmos? (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
petkāēmor? (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
petkāētes? (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
petkāēm(e?)n(ai?)? (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
petkāēnd? (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
petkāēntor? (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
petkā (active imperative present second-person singular)
petkāzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
petkāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
petkātōd (active future imperative)
petkānts (present)
petkātos (past)
petkātum (tu-derivative)
petkāzi (s-derivative)

Latin: pecco

Umbrian: pesetom (participle perfect)

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *ped-ko- (“having a fault at the root”), a formation of *ped- (“foot; to walk”) + *-ko- (“suffix denoting faults”), analogous to Latin mancus (“maimed”, literally “having a fault in the hand”) and caecus (“blind”). However, no allusions to the concept of feet are found in the Italic word's descendants, and secondary connotations of "to make a faux pas" are figuratively better explained with an Italic word for "walking" (such as Latin ambulō (“to traverse, walk”)) than with *ped-, which does not denote "walking" in Italic.
Leumann, in contrast, derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *pet-ko- (“a fall, error”), from *pet- (“to fall”). This is semantically more tenable, though the addition of *-ko- is rather odd.


əngnārāō

head

*əngnārāō first-singular present indicative

əngnārāō (active first-person indicative present singular)
əngnārāōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
əngnārās (active indicative present second-person singular)
əngnārāzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
əngnārāt (active indicative present singular third-person)
əngnārātor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
əngnārāmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
əngnārāmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
əngnārātes (active indicative plural present second-person)
əngnārām(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
əngnārānt (active indicative plural present third-person)
əngnārāntor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
əngnārāēm? (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
əngnārāēr? (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
əngnārāēs? (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
əngnārāēzo? (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
əngnārāēd? (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
əngnārāētor? (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
əngnārāēmos? (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
əngnārāēmor? (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
əngnārāētes? (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
əngnārāēm(e?)n(ai?)? (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
əngnārāēnd? (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
əngnārāēntor? (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
əngnārā (active imperative present second-person singular)
əngnārāzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
əngnārāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
əngnārātōd (active future imperative)
əngnārānts (present)
əngnārātos (past)
əngnārātum (tu-derivative)
əngnārāzi (s-derivative)

Latin: ignōrō


gnārāō

*gnārāō first-singular present indicative

gnārāō (active first-person indicative present singular)
gnārāōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
gnārās (active indicative present second-person singular)
gnārāzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
gnārāt (active indicative present singular third-person)
gnārātor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
gnārāmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
gnārāmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
gnārātes (active indicative plural present second-person)
gnārām(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
gnārānt (active indicative plural present third-person)
gnārāntor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
gnārāēm? (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
gnārāēr? (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
gnārāēs? (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
gnārāēzo? (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
gnārāēd? (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
gnārāētor? (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
gnārāēmos? (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
gnārāēmor? (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
gnārāētes? (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
gnārāēm(e?)n(ai?)? (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
gnārāēnd? (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
gnārāēntor? (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
gnārā (active imperative present second-person singular)
gnārāzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
gnārāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
gnārātōd (active future imperative)
gnārānts (present)
gnārātos (past)
gnārātum (tu-derivative)
gnārāzi (s-derivative)

Latin: nārrō

desc

Umbrian: 𐌍𐌀𐌓𐌀𐌕𐌖 (naratu), naratu (3sg. imperative)

From *gnāros (“knowledgeable”) + *-āō (denominal verb suffix).


lawō

lawō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
lawō (active first-person indicative present singular)
lawōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
lawas (active indicative present second-person singular)
lawazo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
lawat (active indicative present singular third-person)
lawator (indicative passive present singular third-person)
lawamos (active first-person indicative plural present)
lawamor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
lawates (active indicative plural present second-person)
lawent (active indicative plural present third-person)
lawentor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
lawām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
lawār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
lawās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
lawāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
lawād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
lawātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
lawāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
lawāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
lawātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
lawānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
lawāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
lawa (active imperative present second-person singular)
lawazo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
lawate (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
lawatōd (active future imperative)
lawants (present)
lawatos (past)
lawatus (tu-derivative)
lawazi (s-derivative)

desc

backformed from compounds ending in <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">-luō</i>

Latin: lavō (third-conjugation verb), luō (backformed from compounds ending in -luō)

Umbrian: 𐌅𐌖𐌕𐌖 (vutu, 3sg. impv.)

Athematic present from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewh₃- (“to wash”).
The unrounding of presumed original *o to *a is generally attributed to Thurneysen-Havet's law, which unrounds original PIE *o before *w (Italic *-ow- from original *-ew- does not unround). The source of such an o-grade verb formation is uncertain.
* LIV, reconstructing a first-conjugation verb *lawāō, starts with a noun *lowh₃-éh₂, from which a denominative *lowh₃-éh₂-yeti would be made.
* Schrijver starts with a simple o-grade athematic *lówh₃ti.
* Meiser reconstructs a reduplicated Proto-Indo-European *lelówh₃ti (“to wash”). This is odd, since o-grade is generally not expected in reduplicated athematic presents, and de Vaan questions such a formation taking on intransitive semantics.
* Vine additionally proposes back-formation from affixed forms in which unstressed *-ow- became *-aw-.
No matter the origin of the unrounded -a-, it would be generalized to all related words in Latin.

inh

lavō

first-conjugation verb; see there for further descendants


orjōr

head

*orjōr first-singular present indicative

orjōr first-singular present indicative (canonical)
orjōr (active first-person indicative present singular)
orjezo (active indicative present second-person singular)
orjetor (active indicative present singular third-person)
orjomor (active first-person indicative plural present)
orjem(e?)n (active indicative plural present second-person)
orjontor (active indicative plural present third-person)
orjār (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
orjāzo (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
orjātor (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
orjāmor (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
orjām(e?)n (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
orjāntor (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
orjezo (active imperative present second-person singular)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
orjents (present)
ortos (past)
ortum (tu-derivative)
orjezi (s-derivative)

Latin: orior

Umbrian: orto (participle perfect)

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to stir, rise”); alternatively from *h₁rey- (“to rise”).


wertō

head

*wertō first-singular present indicative

wertō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
wertō (active first-person indicative present singular)
wertōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
wertes (active indicative present second-person singular)
wertezo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
wertet (active indicative present singular third-person)
wertetor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
wertomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
wertomor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
wertetes (active indicative plural present second-person)
wertem(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
wertont (active indicative plural present third-person)
wertontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
wertām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
wertār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
wertās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
wertāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
wertād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
wertātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
wertāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
wertāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
wertātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
wertām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
wertānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
wertāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
wortai (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
wortistai? (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
wortei (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
wortme? (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
worte (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
wortēri (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
werte (active imperative present second-person singular)
wertezo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
wertete (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
wertetōd (active future imperative)
wertents (present)
worssos (past)
worssum (tu-derivative)
wertezi (s-derivative)

Latin: vertō (see there for further descendants)

desc

Umbrian: 𐌅𐌖𐌓𐌕𐌖𐌔 (vurtus, 3sg. fut. perf.)

From Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn, rotate”).


serwāō

head

*serwāō first-singular present indicative

serwāō (active first-person indicative present singular)
serwāōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
serwās (active indicative present second-person singular)
serwāzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
serwāt (active indicative present singular third-person)
serwātor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
serwāmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
serwāmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
serwātes (active indicative plural present second-person)
serwām(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
serwānt (active indicative plural present third-person)
serwāntor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
serwāēm? (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
serwāēr? (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
serwāēs? (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
serwāēzo? (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
serwāēd? (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
serwāētor? (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
serwāēmos? (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
serwāēmor? (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
serwāētes? (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
serwāēm(e?)n(ai?)? (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
serwāēnd? (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
serwāēntor? (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
serwā (active imperative present second-person singular)
serwāzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
serwāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
serwātōd (active future imperative)
serwānts (present)
serwātos (past)
serwātum (tu-derivative)
serwāzi (s-derivative)

Latin: servo (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *serweh₂yeti, from *ser- (“to guard”). By surface analysis, *serwos + *-āō.