tergēō

*tergēō first-singular present indicative

tergēō (active first-person indicative present singular)
tergēōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
tergēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
tergēzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
tergēt (active indicative present singular third-person)
tergētor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
tergēmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
tergēmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
tergētes (active indicative plural present second-person)
tergēm(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
tergēnt (active indicative plural present third-person)
tergēntor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
tergēām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
tergēār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
tergēās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
tergēāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
tergēād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
tergēātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
tergēāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
tergēāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
tergēātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
tergēām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
tergēānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
tergēāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
tergē (active imperative present second-person singular)
tergēzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
tergēte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
tergētōd (active future imperative)
tergēnts (present)
tergatum (tu-derivative)
tergēzi (s-derivative)

Latin: tergeō

From Proto-Indo-European *ter-g-, from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (to rub; to drill).


pāzēō

head

*pāzēō first-singular present indicative

pāzēō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
pāzēō (active first-person indicative present singular)
pāzēōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
pāzēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
pāzēzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
pāzēt (active indicative present singular third-person)
pāzētor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
pāzēmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
pāzēmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
pāzētes (active indicative plural present second-person)
pāzēm(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
pāzēnt (active indicative plural present third-person)
pāzēntor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
pāzēām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
pāzēār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
pāzēās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
pāzēāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
pāzēād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
pāzēātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
pāzēāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
pāzēāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
pāzēātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
pāzēām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
pāzēānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
pāzēāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
pāzē (active imperative present second-person singular)
pāzēzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
pāzēte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
pāzētōd (active future imperative)
pāzēnts (present)
pāzatum (tu-derivative)
pāzēzi (s-derivative)

Latin: pāreō

From earlier *pāzējō, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-s- (“watch, see”), s-present of *peh₂- (“protect”).


merēō

head

*merēō first-singular present indicative

merēō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
merēō (active first-person indicative present singular)
merēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
merēt (active indicative present singular third-person)
merēmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
merētes (active indicative plural present second-person)
merēnt (active indicative plural present third-person)
merēām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
merēās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
merēād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
merēāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
merēātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
merēānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
merē (active imperative present second-person singular)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
merēnts (present)
merēzi (s-derivative)

Latin: mereō

Faliscan: mereto (participle perfect)

From earlier *merējō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mr̥-éh₁-yeti, from *(s)mer- (“to assign, allot”).


gʷelāō

*gʷelāō first-singular present indicative

gʷelāō (active first-person indicative present singular)
gʷelāōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
gʷelās (active indicative present second-person singular)
gʷelāzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
gʷelāt (active indicative present singular third-person)
gʷelātor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
gʷelāmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
gʷelāmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
gʷelātes (active indicative plural present second-person)
gʷelām(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
gʷelānt (active indicative plural present third-person)
gʷelāntor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
gʷelāēm? (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
gʷelāēr? (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
gʷelāēs? (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
gʷelāēzo? (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
gʷelāēd? (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
gʷelāētor? (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
gʷelāēmos? (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
gʷelāēmor? (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
gʷelāētes? (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
gʷelāēm(e?)n(ai?)? (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
gʷelāēnd? (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
gʷelāēntor? (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
gʷelā (active imperative present second-person singular)
gʷelāzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
gʷelāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
gʷelātōd (active future imperative)
gʷelānts (present)
gʷelātos (past)
gʷelātum (tu-derivative)
gʷelāzi (s-derivative)

Latin: volō

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷelh₁éh₂yeti, *gʷelH- (“throw”). De Vaan explains the semantic shift by taking the original meaning of *gʷelH- as "to raise the arm", which then shifted to "to fly".


monēō

*monēō first-singular present indicative

monēō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
monēō (active first-person indicative present singular)
monēōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
monēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
monēzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
monēt (active indicative present singular third-person)
monētor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
monēmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
monēmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
monētes (active indicative plural present second-person)
monēm(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
monēnt (active indicative plural present third-person)
monēntor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
monēām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
monēār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
monēās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
monēāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
monēād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
monēātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
monēāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
monēāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
monēātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
monēām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
monēānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
monēāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
monē (active imperative present second-person singular)
monēzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
monēte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
monētōd (active future imperative)
monēnts (present)
monatum (tu-derivative)
monēzi (s-derivative)

Latin: maneō (see there for further descendants)

From earlier *monējō, from Proto-Indo-European *moné(h₁)yeti, from *men- (“to stay, remain”).


mentjōr

*mentjōr first-singular present indicative

mentjōr (active first-person indicative present singular)
mentjezo (active indicative present second-person singular)
mentjetor (active indicative present singular third-person)
mentjomor (active first-person indicative plural present)
mentjem(e?)n (active indicative plural present second-person)
mentjontor (active indicative plural present third-person)
mentjār (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
mentjāzo (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
mentjātor (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
mentjāmor (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
mentjām(e?)n (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
mentjāntor (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
mentjezo (active imperative present second-person singular)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
mentjents (present)
mentos (past)
mentum (tu-derivative)
mentjezi (s-derivative)

Latin: mentior


molgeō

*molgeō first-singular present indicative

molgeō (active first-person indicative present singular)
molgeōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
molgēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
molgēzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
molgēt (active indicative present singular third-person)
molgētor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
molgēmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
molgēmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
molgētes (active indicative plural present second-person)
molgēm(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
molgeont (active indicative plural present third-person)
molgeontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
molgeām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
molgeār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
molgeās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
molgeāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
molgeād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
molgeātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
molgeāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
molgeāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
molgeātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
molgeām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
molgeānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
molgeāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
molgē (active imperative present second-person singular)
molgēzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
molgēte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
molgētōd (active future imperative)
molgēnts (present)
molgetos (past)
molgetum (tu-derivative)
molgēzi (s-derivative)

Latin: mulgeō (see there for further descendants)

From earlier *molgejō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂molǵéyeti, from *h₂melǵ- (“to milk”).


melō

melō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
melō (active first-person indicative present singular)
melōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
melas (active indicative present second-person singular)
melazo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
melat (active indicative present singular third-person)
melator (indicative passive present singular third-person)
malamos (active first-person indicative plural present)
malamor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
malates (active indicative plural present second-person)
malent (active indicative plural present third-person)
malentor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
melām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
melār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
melās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
melāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
melād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
melātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
melāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
melāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
melātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
melānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
melāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
memolai (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
memolistai? (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
memolei (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
memolme? (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
memole (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
memolēri (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
mela (active imperative present second-person singular)
melazo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
melate (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
melatōd (active future imperative)
melants (present)
maltos (past)
maltus (tu-derivative)
melazi (s-derivative)

Latin: molō

Faliscan: meletom (participle perfect)

>? Umbrian: 𐌌𐌀𐌋𐌄𐌕𐌖 (maletu) (participle perfect)

From Proto-Indo-European *mélh₂-ti, from *melh₂- (“to grind”).


fingō

*fingō first-singular present indicative

fingō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
fingō (active first-person indicative present singular)
fingōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
finges (active indicative present second-person singular)
fingezo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
finget (active indicative present singular third-person)
fingetor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
fingomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
fingomor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
fingetes (active indicative plural present second-person)
fingem(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
fingont (active indicative plural present third-person)
fingontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
fingām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
fingār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
fingās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
fingāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
fingād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
fingātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
fingāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
fingāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
fingātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
fingām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
fingānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
fingāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
fiθiɣai (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
fiθiɣistai? (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
fiθiɣei (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
fiθiɣme? (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
fiθiɣe (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
fiθiɣēri (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
feiksom (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
feikses (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
feiksed (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
feiksome (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
feiksete (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
feiksond (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
finge (active imperative present second-person singular)
fingezo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
fingete (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
fingetōd (active future imperative)
fingents (present)
fiktos (past)
fiktum (tu-derivative)
fingezi (s-derivative)

Latin: fingo

Faliscan: 𐌅𐌉𐌅𐌉𐌊𐌄𐌃 (fifiked) (3s.pf)

Oscan: fifikus (2s.fut.pf)

>? Pre-Samnite: fεfικεδ (fefiked)

>? Umbrian: 𐌚𐌉𐌊𐌕𐌖 (fiktu) (3s.ipv.II)

From earlier *θingō, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰi-né-ǵʰ-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeyǵʰ- (“to knead, form”).


herjō

head

*herjō first-singular present indicative

herjō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
herjō (active first-person indicative present singular)
herjōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
herjes (active indicative present second-person singular)
herjezo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
herjet (active indicative present singular third-person)
herjetor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
herjomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
herjomor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
herjetes (active indicative plural present second-person)
herjem(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
herjont (active indicative plural present third-person)
herjontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
herjām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
herjār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
herjās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
herjāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
herjād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
herjātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
herjāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
herjāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
herjātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
herjām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
herjānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
herjāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
herai (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
heristai? (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
herei (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
herme? (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
here (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
herēri (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
herje (active imperative present second-person singular)
herjezo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
herjete (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
herjetōd (active future imperative)
herjents (present)
heritos (past)
heritum (tu-derivative)
herjezi (s-derivative)

desc

Latin: horior (deponent), hortor (frequentative)

Oscan: “to want”

(3s.pr.sb.) 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌉𐌀𐌃 (heriiad)

(3s.fut.) herest

Umbrian: “to want”

(3s.pr.?) 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉 (heri)

(3s.pr.sb.) 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌉𐌄𐌉 (heriiei)

(3s.fut.) 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌄𐌔 (heries), heriest

(2/3s.fut.) heries

(3s.ps.) 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌕𐌄𐌓 (herter), 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌕𐌄 (herte), herti, hertei

(inf.ps.) 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌚𐌉 (herifi)

(ppp., abl.sg.?) 𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌕𐌖 (eretu), heritu, hereitu

⇒ *herent-tāts f (“Herentas, an Italic goddess”, noun)

Paelignian: (nom.sg.) herentas

Oscan:

(gen.sg.) 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌍𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌉𐌔 (herentateis), 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌕𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌔 (herettates)

(dat.sg.) 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌍𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌝 (herentateí), 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌉 (heretatei)

⇒ Marrucinian: herentatia (“of Herentas”, adjective)

⇒ Umbrian: 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌔 (heris), 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉 (heri), heri, herie, heriei (repeated, stands for “either... or”)

⇒ Umbrian: pisher (“whoever”)

⇒? Umbrian: 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌍𐌕𐌉𐌄𐌔 (herinties), 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌍𐌕𐌉𐌄 (herintie)

⇒? Venetic: horvionte (“glad”, if interpreted as representing *hereionte)

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰr̥-yé-ti, from the root *gʰer- (“to yearn for”).


foðjō

head

*foðjō first-singular present indicative

foðjō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
foðjō (active first-person indicative present singular)
foðjōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
foðjes (active indicative present second-person singular)
foðjezo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
foðjet (active indicative present singular third-person)
foðjetor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
foðjomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
foðjomor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
foðjetes (active indicative plural present second-person)
foðjem(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
foðjont (active indicative plural present third-person)
foðjontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
foðjām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
foðjār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
foðjās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
foðjāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
foðjād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
foðjātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
foðjāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
foðjāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
foðjātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
foðjām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
foðjānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
foðjāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
foðjai (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
foðjistai? (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
foðjei (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
foðjme? (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
foðje (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
foðjēri (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
foðje (active imperative present second-person singular)
foðjezo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
foðjete (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
foðjetōd (active future imperative)
foðjents (present)
fossos (past)
fossum (tu-derivative)
foðjezi (s-derivative)

Latin: fodiō

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰódʰh₂ey, from the root *bʰedʰh₂-.


gāwidēō

*gāwidēō first-singular present indicative

gāwidēō (active first-person indicative present singular)
gāwidēōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
gāwidēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
gāwidēzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
gāwidēt (active indicative present singular third-person)
gāwidētor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
gāwidēmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
gāwidēmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
gāwidētes (active indicative plural present second-person)
gāwidēm(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
gāwidēnt (active indicative plural present third-person)
gāwidēntor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
gāwidēām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
gāwidēār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
gāwidēās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
gāwidēāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
gāwidēād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
gāwidēātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
gāwidēāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
gāwidēāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
gāwidēātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
gāwidēām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
gāwidēānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
gāwidēāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
gāwidai (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
gāwidistai (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
gāwide (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
gāwided (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
gāwidomos (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
gāwidistes (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
gāwidēri (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
gāwidē (active imperative present second-person singular)
gāwidēzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
gāwidēte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
gāwidētōd (active future imperative)
gāwidēnts (present)
gāwidum (tu-derivative)
gāwidēzi (s-derivative)

Latin: gaudeō (see there for further descendants)

From earlier *gāwidējō, from Proto-Indo-European *geh₂widéh₁yeti, from *geh₂w- (“to rejoice”). See descendant Latin gaudeō for cognates.


morjōr

*morjōr first-singular present indicative

morjōr (active first-person indicative present singular)
morjezo (active indicative present second-person singular)
morjetor (active indicative present singular third-person)
morjomor (active first-person indicative plural present)
morjem(e?)n (active indicative plural present second-person)
morjontor (active indicative plural present third-person)
morjār (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
morjāzo (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
morjātor (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
morjāmor (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
morjām(e?)n (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
morjāntor (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
morjezo (active imperative present second-person singular)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
morjents (present)
morjezi (s-derivative)

Latin: morior (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *mr̥yétor (“to die”).


pawēō

head

*pawēō first-singular present indicative

pawēō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
pawēō (active first-person indicative present singular)
pawēōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
pawēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
pawēzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
pawēt (active indicative present singular third-person)
pawētor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
pawēmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
pawēmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
pawētes (active indicative plural present second-person)
pawēm(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
pawēnt (active indicative plural present third-person)
pawēntor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
pawēām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
pawēār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
pawēās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
pawēāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
pawēād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
pawēātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
pawēāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
pawēāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
pawēātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
pawēām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
pawēānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
pawēāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
pawai (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
pawistai (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
pawe (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
pawed (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
pawomos (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
pawistes (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
pawēri (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
pawē (active imperative present second-person singular)
pawēzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
pawēte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
pawētōd (active future imperative)
pawēnts (present)
pawum (tu-derivative)
pawēzi (s-derivative)

Latin: paveō (see there for further descendants)

From earlier *pawējō, from Proto-Indo-European *paw-éh₁-ye-ti, from *paw- (“to strike, hit”); for this see Latin paviō (“to beat, strike”). The sense development would be "to strike" > "to strike with fear".
Alternatively, *paw- is a homophonous but separate root meaning "to fear", and is perhaps cognate with Proto-Celtic *oβnus (“fear”).


opeō

opeō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
opeō (active first-person indicative present singular)
opeōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
opēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
opēzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
opēt (active indicative present singular third-person)
opētor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
opēmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
opēmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
opētes (active indicative plural present second-person)
opēm(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
opeont (active indicative plural present third-person)
opeontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
opeām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
opeār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
opeās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
opeāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
opeād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
opeātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
opeāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
opeāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
opeātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
opeām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
opeānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
opeāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
opē (active imperative present second-person singular)
opēzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
opēte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
opētōd (active future imperative)
opēnts (present)
opetos (past)
opetum (tu-derivative)
opēzi (s-derivative)

Umbrian: 𐌖𐌐𐌄𐌕𐌖 (upetu)

desc

>? Old Latin: opet (term of uncertain meaning in the Duenos Inscription)

⇒ *opetāō (frequentative)

Latin: optō

⇒? *op-ti- (“a wish (?)”)

Oscan: 𐌖𐌚𐌕𐌄𐌉𐌔 (ufteis, genitive singular), 𐌖𐌇𐌚𐌕𐌉𐌔 (uhftis, nominative plural)

From probable earlier form *opejō, as in all the verbs of second conjugation. Disputed.
* Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ep- (“to reach, seize”), whence also apīscor (“to reach, seize”), and Sanskrit आप् (āp, “to reach”), Hittite [script needed] (epp-ᶻⁱ / app-, “to reach”); and Hittite [script needed] (pai-ⁱ / pi-, “to give”), Lycian [script needed] (pije-, “to give”), and possibly Albanian jap (“to give”).
* Traditionally connected to Latin opīnor (“to believe”), though this is semantically difficult to explain.
* Semantic differences oppose also any connection to *h₃ep- (“to work”), whence Latin opus.


sankjō

head

*sankjō first-singular present indicative

sankjō (active first-person indicative present singular)
sankjōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
sankis (active indicative present second-person singular)
sankizo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
sankit (active indicative present singular third-person)
sankitor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
sankimos (active first-person indicative plural present)
sankimor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
sankites (active indicative plural present second-person)
sankjont (active indicative plural present third-person)
sankjontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
sankjām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
sankjār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
sankjās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
sankjāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
sankjād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
sankjātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
sankjāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
sankjāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
sankjātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
sankjām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
sankjānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
sankjāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
sankai (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
sankistai (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
sankei (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
sankme (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
sanke (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
sankēri (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
sanki (active imperative present second-person singular)
sankizo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
sankite (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
sankitōd (active future imperative)
sankints (present)
sanktos (past)
sanktum (tu-derivative)
sankizi (s-derivative)

Latin: sanciō

desctree

⇒ Proto-Italic: *sanktos
Latin: sānctus (see there for further descendants)
Oscan: 𐌔𐌀𐌀𐌇𐌕𐌞𐌑 (saahtúś, nom.acc.sg.n.)
Umbrian: 𐌔𐌀𐌇𐌕𐌀 (sahta), sahatam, sahata (acc.sg.), 𐌔𐌀𐌕𐌌𐌄 (satme), 𐌔𐌀𐌕𐌄 (sate), sahate

From Proto-Indo-European *sh₂-né-k-ti ~ *sh₂-n-k-énti, from *seh₂k- (“to make sacred”).


potēō

head

*potēō first-singular present indicative

potēō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
potēō (active first-person indicative present singular)
potēōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
potēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
potēzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
potēt (active indicative present singular third-person)
potētor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
potēmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
potēmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
potētes (active indicative plural present second-person)
potēm(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
potēnt (active indicative plural present third-person)
potēntor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
potēām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
potēār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
potēās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
potēāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
potēād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
potēātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
potēāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
potēāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
potēātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
potēām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
potēānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
potēāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
potē (active imperative present second-person singular)
potēzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
potēte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
potētōd (active future imperative)
potēnts (present)
potatum (tu-derivative)
potēzi (s-derivative)

desc

perfect of <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">possum</i>

Latin: potuī (perfect of possum), potēns (from the present participle)

Oscan: 𐌐𐌞𐌕𐌝𐌀𐌃 (pútíad), 𐌐𐌖𐌕𐌉𐌉𐌀𐌃 (putiiad, 3sg. subj.), 𐌐𐌞𐌕𐌝𐌀𐌍𐌔 (pútíans), 𐌐𐌖𐌕𐌉𐌉𐌀𐌍𐌔 (putiians, 3pl. subj.)

A stative derivative verb shaped from the adjective *potis, from Proto-Indo-European *pótis (“lord, master”).


sentjō

head

*sentjō first-singular present indicative

sentjōr (active first-person indicative present singular)
sentjezo (active indicative present second-person singular)
sentjetor (active indicative present singular third-person)
sentjomor (active first-person indicative plural present)
sentjem(e?)n (active indicative plural present second-person)
sentjontor (active indicative plural present third-person)
sentjār (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
sentjāzo (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
sentjātor (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
sentjāmor (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
sentjām(e?)n (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
sentjāntor (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
sentjezo (active imperative present second-person singular)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
sentjents (present)
senssos (past)
senssum (tu-derivative)
sentjezi (s-derivative)

Latin: sentiō

From Proto-Indo-European *sent- (“to feel, notice”).


puragō

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*puragō first-singular present indicative

puragō (active first-person indicative present singular)
puragōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
purages (active indicative present second-person singular)
puragezo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
puraget (active indicative present singular third-person)
puragetor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
puragomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
puragomor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
puragetes (active indicative plural present second-person)
puragem(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
puragont (active indicative plural present third-person)
puragontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
puragām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
puragār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
puragās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
puragāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
puragād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
puragātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
puragāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
puragāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
puragātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
puragām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
puragānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
puragāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
purēgai (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
purēgistai? (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
purēgei (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
purēgme? (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
purēge (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
purēgēri (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
purage (active imperative present second-person singular)
puragezo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
puragete (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
puragetōd (active future imperative)
puragents (present)
puraktos (past)
puraktum (tu-derivative)
puragezi (s-derivative)

Latin: pūrgō (see there for further descendants)


folgēō

*folgēō first-singular present indicative

folgēō (active first-person indicative present singular)
folgēōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
folgēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
folgēzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
folgēt (active indicative present singular third-person)
folgētor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
folgēmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
folgēmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
folgētes (active indicative plural present second-person)
folgēm(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
folgēnt (active indicative plural present third-person)
folgēntor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
folgēām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
folgēār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
folgēās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
folgēāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
folgēād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
folgēātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
folgēāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
folgēāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
folgēātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
folgēām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
folgēānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
folgēāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
folksai (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
folksistai (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
folkse (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
folksed (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
folksomos (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
folksistes (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
folksēri (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
folgē (active imperative present second-person singular)
folgēzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
folgēte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
folgētōd (active future imperative)
folgēnts (present)
folktum (tu-derivative)
folgēzi (s-derivative)

Latin: fulgeō (see there for further descendants)

From earlier *folgējō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to shimmer, gleam, shine”)

der

to blaze, flash, lighten, glitter, gleam, glare, glisten, shine


folkjō

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*folkjō first-singular present indicative

folkjō (active first-person indicative present singular)
folkjōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
folkjes (active indicative present second-person singular)
folkjezo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
folkjet (active indicative present singular third-person)
folkjetor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
folkjomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
folkjomor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
folkjetes (active indicative plural present second-person)
folkjem(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
folkjont (active indicative plural present third-person)
folkjontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
folkjām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
folkjār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
folkjās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
folkjāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
folkjād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
folkjātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
folkjāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
folkjāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
folkjātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
folkjām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
folkjānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
folkjāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
fefolkai (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
fefolkistai? (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
fefolkei (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
fefolkme? (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
fefolke (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
fefolkēri (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
folkje (active imperative present second-person singular)
folkjezo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
folkjete (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
folkjetōd (active future imperative)
folkjents (present)
folktos (past)
folktum (tu-derivative)
folkjezi (s-derivative)

Latin: fulciō


kʷelō

*kʷelō first-singular present indicative

kʷelō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
kʷelō (active first-person indicative present singular)
kʷelōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
kʷeles (active indicative present second-person singular)
kʷelezo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
kʷelet (active indicative present singular third-person)
kʷeletor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
kʷelomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
kʷelomor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
kʷeletes (active indicative plural present second-person)
kʷelem(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
kʷelont (active indicative plural present third-person)
kʷelontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
kʷelām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
kʷelār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
kʷelās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
kʷelāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
kʷelād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
kʷelātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
kʷelāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
kʷelāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
kʷelātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
kʷelām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
kʷelānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
kʷelāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
kʷelom (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
kʷeles (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
kʷeled (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
kʷolome (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
kʷolete (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
kʷolond (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
kʷele (active imperative present second-person singular)
kʷelezo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
kʷelete (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
kʷeletōd (active future imperative)
kʷelents (present)
kʷoltos (past)
kʷoltum (tu-derivative)
kʷelezi (s-derivative)

Latin: colō

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷél-e-ti, from *kʷel- (“to turn”).


kubāō

kubāō (active first-person indicative present singular)
kubāōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
kubās (active indicative present second-person singular)
kubāzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
kubāt (active indicative present singular third-person)
kubātor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
kubāmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
kubāmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
kubātes (active indicative plural present second-person)
kubām(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
kubānt (active indicative plural present third-person)
kubāntor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
kubāēm? (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
kubāēr? (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
kubāēs? (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
kubāēzo? (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
kubāēd? (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
kubāētor? (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
kubāēmos? (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
kubāēmor? (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
kubāētes? (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
kubāēm(e?)n(ai?)? (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
kubāēnd? (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
kubāēntor? (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
kubā (active imperative present second-person singular)
kubāzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
kubāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
kubātōd (active future imperative)
kubānts (present)
kubatos (past)
kubatum (tu-derivative)
kubāzi (s-derivative)

Latino-Faliscan:

Latin: cubō

desc

Faliscan: 𐌂𐌖𐌐𐌀𐌕 (cupat), 𐌂𐌖𐌁𐌀𐌕 (cubat, 3sg present), 𐌂𐌖𐌐𐌀𐌍𐌕 (cupant, 3pl present)

Osco-Umbrian:

Marrucinian: cibat (3sg)

South Picene: 𐌒𐌖𐌐𐌀𐌕 (qupat, 3sg present)

Uncertain origin; De Vaan only assigns Welsh cysgu (“to sleep”) and its fellow Brythonic cognates as related, for which see Proto-Celtic *kuxsketi (“to sleep”) for more. Proto-Germanic *hupiz (“hip”) has also been adduced as a cognate.


kluēō

kluēō (active first-person indicative present singular)
kluēōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
kluēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
kluēzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
kluēt (active indicative present singular third-person)
kluētor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
kluēmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
kluēmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
kluētes (active indicative plural present second-person)
kluēm(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
kluēnt (active indicative plural present third-person)
kluēntor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
kluēām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
kluēār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
kluēās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
kluēāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
kluēād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
kluēātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
kluēāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
kluēāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
kluēātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
kluēām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
kluēānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
kluēāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
kluē (active imperative present second-person singular)
kluēzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
kluēte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
kluētōd (active future imperative)
kluēnts (present)
klutum (tu-derivative)
kluēzi (s-derivative)

Latin: clueō

South Picene: 𐌊𐌃𐌖𐌝𐌞 (kduíú, 1sg. present)

From earlier *kluējō, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱl̥w-éh₁-ti (éh₁-stative), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to hear”). Compare Lithuanian klausýti, Old Church Slavonic слоушати (slušati, “to hear”), Sanskrit श्रोषति (śroṣati), and Ancient Greek κλέος (kléos, “glory, renown”).


patnō

patnō (active first-person indicative present singular)
patnōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
patnes (active indicative present second-person singular)
patnezo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
patnet (active indicative present singular third-person)
patnetor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
patnomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
patnomor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
patnetes (active indicative plural present second-person)
patnem(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
patnont (active indicative plural present third-person)
patnontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
patnām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
patnār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
patnās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
patnāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
patnād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
patnātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
patnāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
patnāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
patnātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
patnām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
patnānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
patnāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
patne (active imperative present second-person singular)
patnezo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
patnete (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
patnetōd (active future imperative)
patnents (present)
passos (past)
passum (tu-derivative)
patnezi (s-derivative)

Latin: pandō

desc

Oscan: 𐌐𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌍𐌔𐌝𐌍𐌔 (patensíns, 3sg. impf. subj.)

From Proto-Indo-European *pt-ne-h₂-ti, a nasal-infix present made from *peth₂- (“to spread out”).


ongʷō

ongʷō (active first-person indicative present singular)
ongʷōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
ongʷes (active indicative present second-person singular)
ongʷezo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
ongʷet (active indicative present singular third-person)
ongʷetor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
ongʷomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
ongʷomor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
ongʷetes (active indicative plural present second-person)
ongʷem(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
ongʷont (active indicative plural present third-person)
ongʷontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
ongʷām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
ongʷār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
ongʷās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
ongʷāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
ongʷād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
ongʷātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
ongʷāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
ongʷāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
ongʷātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
ongʷām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
ongʷānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
ongʷāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
onksom (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
onkses (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
onksed (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
onksome (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
onksete (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
onksond (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
ongʷe (active imperative present second-person singular)
ongʷezo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
ongʷete (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
ongʷetōd (active future imperative)
ongʷents (present)
onktos (past)
onktum (tu-derivative)
ongʷezi (s-derivative)

Latin: ungō

Umbrian: 𐌖𐌌𐌕𐌖 (umtu, imperative 3sg.)

From 'Proto-Indo-European *h₃engʷ-e-ti, a simple thematic present to *h₃engʷ- (“to smear, anoint”).


wreweidsō

wreweidsō (active first-person indicative present singular)
wreweidsōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
wreweidses (active indicative present second-person singular)
wreweidsezo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
wreweidset (active indicative present singular third-person)
wreweidsetor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
wreweidsomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
wreweidsomor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
wreweidsetes (active indicative plural present second-person)
wreweidsem(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
wreweidsont (active indicative plural present third-person)
wreweidsontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
wreweidsām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
wreweidsār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
wreweidsās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
wreweidsāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
wreweidsād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
wreweidsātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
wreweidsāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
wreweidsāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
wreweidsātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
wreweidsām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
wreweidsānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
wreweidsāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
wreweidsom (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
wreweidses (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
wreweidsed (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
wreweidsome (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
wreweidsete (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
wreweidsond (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
wreweidse (active imperative present second-person singular)
wreweidsezo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
wreweidsete (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
wreweidsetōd (active future imperative)
wreweidsents (present)
wreweissos (past)
wreweissum (tu-derivative)
wreweidsezi (s-derivative)

Latin: revīsō (“to revisit”)

Umbrian: 𐌓𐌄𐌅𐌄𐌔𐌕𐌖 (revestu, “to check”, 3sg. impv.)

From *wre- (“re-”) + *weidsō (“to look at, visit”).


komgʷənjō

komgʷənjō (active first-person indicative present singular)
komgʷənjōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
komgʷənis (active indicative present second-person singular)
komgʷənizo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
komgʷənit (active indicative present singular third-person)
komgʷənitor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
komgʷənimos (active first-person indicative plural present)
komgʷənimor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
komgʷənites (active indicative plural present second-person)
komgʷənjont (active indicative plural present third-person)
komgʷənjontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
komgʷənjām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
komgʷənjār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
komgʷənjās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
komgʷənjāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
komgʷənjād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
komgʷənjātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
komgʷənjāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
komgʷənjāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
komgʷənjātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
komgʷənjām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
komgʷənjānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
komgʷənjāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
komgʷegʷnai (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
komgʷegʷnistai (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
komgʷegʷnei (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
komgʷegʷnme (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
komgʷegʷne (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
komgʷegʷnēri (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
komgʷēnom (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
komgʷēnes (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
komgʷēned (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
komgʷenome (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
komgʷenete (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
komgʷenond (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
komgʷəni (active imperative present second-person singular)
komgʷənizo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
komgʷənite (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
komgʷənitōd (active future imperative)
komgʷənints (present)
komgʷəntos (past)
komgʷəntum (tu-derivative)
komgʷənizi (s-derivative)

Latin: conveniō (see there for further descendants)

desc

Oscan: 𐌊𐌞𐌌𐌁𐌄𐌍𐌄𐌃 (kúmbened, “it was agreed upon”, 3rd sg. perf.)

From *kom (“together”) + *gʷənjō (“to come”), literally “to come together”.


moweō

moweō (active first-person indicative present singular)
moweōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
mowēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
mowēzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
mowēt (active indicative present singular third-person)
mowētor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
mowēmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
mowēmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
mowētes (active indicative plural present second-person)
mowēm(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
moweont (active indicative plural present third-person)
moweontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
moweām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
moweār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
moweās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
moweāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
moweād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
moweātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
moweāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
moweāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
moweātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
moweām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
moweānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
moweāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
mowē (active imperative present second-person singular)
mowēzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
mowēte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
mowētōd (active future imperative)
mowēnts (present)
mowetos (past)
mowetum (tu-derivative)
mowēzi (s-derivative)

Latin: moveō (see there for further descendants)

From earlier *mawejō, a causative derivation from Proto-Indo-European *m(y)ewh₁- (“to move”). The root vowel -o- was taken from the aorist stem *mowa-, which would have come from the e-grade and thus not subject to Thurneysen-Havet's law for o-grade forms.


minuō

minuō (active first-person indicative present singular)
minuōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
minues (active indicative present second-person singular)
minuezo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
minuet (active indicative present singular third-person)
minuetor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
minuomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
minuomor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
minuetes (active indicative plural present second-person)
minuem(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
minuont (active indicative plural present third-person)
minuontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
minuām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
minuār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
minuās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
minuāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
minuād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
minuātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
minuāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
minuāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
minuātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
minuām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
minuānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
minuāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
minue (active imperative present second-person singular)
minuezo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
minuete (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
minuetōd (active future imperative)
minuents (present)
minoutos (past)
minoutum (tu-derivative)
minuezi (s-derivative)

Latin: minuō

Oscan: 𐌌𐌄𐌍𐌅𐌖𐌌 (menvum, infinitive)

From Proto-Indo-European *minéwti, from *mey- (“small”) + *-néwti.


leɣō

leɣō (active first-person indicative present singular)
leɣōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
leɣes (active indicative present second-person singular)
leɣezo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
leɣet (active indicative present singular third-person)
leɣetor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
leɣomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
leɣomor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
leɣetes (active indicative plural present second-person)
leɣem(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
leɣont (active indicative plural present third-person)
leɣontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
leɣām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
leɣār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
leɣās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
leɣāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
leɣād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
leɣātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
leɣāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
leɣāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
leɣātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
leɣām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
leɣānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
leɣāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
leɣe (active imperative present second-person singular)
leɣezo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
leɣete (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
leɣetōd (active future imperative)
leɣents (present)
lektos (past)
lektum (tu-derivative)
leɣezi (s-derivative)

Faliscan: 𐌋𐌄𐌂𐌄𐌕 (lecet, 3sg. pres.)

From Proto-Indo-European *légʰeti, thematic present from the root *legʰ- (“to lie”).

lectus

*lektos (“something to lie on”) (derived from past participle)


jouðeō

jouðeō (active first-person indicative present singular)
jouðeōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
jouðēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
jouðēzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
jouðēt (active indicative present singular third-person)
jouðētor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
jouðēmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
jouðēmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
jouðētes (active indicative plural present second-person)
jouðēm(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
jouðeont (active indicative plural present third-person)
jouðeontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
jouðeām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
jouðeār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
jouðeās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
jouðeāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
jouðeād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
jouðeātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
jouðeāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
jouðeāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
jouðeātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
jouðeām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
jouðeānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
jouðeāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
jouðē (active imperative present second-person singular)
jouðēzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
jouðēte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
jouðētōd (active future imperative)
jouðēnts (present)
jussos (past)
jussum (tu-derivative)
jouðēzi (s-derivative)

Old Latin: ioubeō

desc

Latin: iubeō (with short vowel from past participle)

Oscan: ιουfετουδ (ioufetoud, 3sg.imp.)

From Proto-Indo-European *Hyowdʰ-éye-ti, from *Hyewdʰ- (“to move”) + *-éyeti (causative suffix).


swonaō

swonaō (active first-person indicative present singular)
swonaōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
swonās (active indicative present second-person singular)
swonāzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
swonāt (active indicative present singular third-person)
swonātor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
swonāmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
swonāmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
swonātes (active indicative plural present second-person)
swonām(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
swonaont (active indicative plural present third-person)
swonaontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
swonaēm? (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
swonaēr? (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
swonaēs? (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
swonaēzo? (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
swonaēd? (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
swonaētor? (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
swonaēmos? (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
swonaēmor? (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
swonaētes? (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
swonaēm(e?)n(ai?)? (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
swonaēnd? (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
swonaēntor? (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
swonā (active imperative present second-person singular)
swonāzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
swonāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
swonātōd (active future imperative)
swonānts (present)
swonatos (past)
swonatum (tu-derivative)
swonazi (s-derivative)

Latin: sonō (1st-conjugation verb) (see there for further descendants)

>? Umbrian: sonitu (3sg. impv.), sunitu

From Proto-Indo-European *swonh₂-éye-ti, from *swenh₂- (“to sound”) + *-éyeti (iterative suffix).


olō

olō (active first-person indicative present singular)
olōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
olas (active indicative present second-person singular)
olazo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
olat (active indicative present singular third-person)
olator (indicative passive present singular third-person)
olamos (active first-person indicative plural present)
olamor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
olates (active indicative plural present second-person)
olent (active indicative plural present third-person)
olentor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
olām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
olār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
olās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
olāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
olād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
olātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
olāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
olāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
olātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
olānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
olāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
ola (active imperative present second-person singular)
olazo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
olate (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
olatōd (active future imperative)
olants (present)
olatos (past)
olatus (tu-derivative)
olazi (s-derivative)

Umbrian: holtu (3sg. impv.)

Athematic verb from Proto-Indo-European *h₃elh₁- (“to destroy”).

der

verb with uncertain but destructive meaning


kelō

kelō (active first-person indicative present singular)
kelōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
kelas (active indicative present second-person singular)
kelazo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
kelat (active indicative present singular third-person)
kelator (indicative passive present singular third-person)
kalamos (active first-person indicative plural present)
kalamor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
kalates (active indicative plural present second-person)
kalent (active indicative plural present third-person)
kalentor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
kelām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
kelār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
kelās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
kelāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
kelād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
kelātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
kelāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
kelāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
kelātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
kelānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
kelāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
kela (active imperative present second-person singular)
kelazo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
kelate (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
kelatōd (active future imperative)
kelants (present)
kelatos (past)
kelatus (tu-derivative)
kelazi (s-derivative)

Latin: calō (finite verb)

Athematic verb from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to call”).


peilāō

peilāō (active first-person indicative present singular)
peilāōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
peilās (active indicative present second-person singular)
peilāzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
peilāt (active indicative present singular third-person)
peilātor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
peilāmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
peilāmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
peilātes (active indicative plural present second-person)
peilām(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
peilānt (active indicative plural present third-person)
peilāntor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
peilāēm? (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
peilāēr? (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
peilāēs? (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
peilāēzo? (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
peilāēd? (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
peilāētor? (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
peilāēmos? (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
peilāēmor? (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
peilāētes? (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
peilāēm(e?)n(ai?)? (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
peilāēnd? (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
peilāēntor? (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
peilā (active imperative present second-person singular)
peilāzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
peilāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
peilātōd (active future imperative)
peilānts (present)
peilātos (past)
peilātum (tu-derivative)
peilāzi (s-derivative)

Latin: pīlō (“to fix”) (see there for further descendants)

From *peilā (“pillar”) + *-āō (denominative verb suffix).


proβwāō

proβwāō (active first-person indicative present singular)
proβwāōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
proβwās (active indicative present second-person singular)
proβwāzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
proβwāt (active indicative present singular third-person)
proβwātor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
proβwāmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
proβwāmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
proβwātes (active indicative plural present second-person)
proβwām(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
proβwānt (active indicative plural present third-person)
proβwāntor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
proβwāēm? (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
proβwāēr? (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
proβwāēs? (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
proβwāēzo? (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
proβwāēd? (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
proβwāētor? (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
proβwāēmos? (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
proβwāēmor? (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
proβwāētes? (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
proβwāēm(e?)n(ai?)? (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
proβwāēnd? (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
proβwāēntor? (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
proβwā (active imperative present second-person singular)
proβwāzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
proβwāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
proβwātōd (active future imperative)
proβwānts (present)
proβwātos (past)
proβwātum (tu-derivative)
proβwāzi (s-derivative)

Latin: probō (see there for further descendants)

desc

Oscan: 𐌐𐌓𐌞𐌚𐌀𐌕𐌕𐌄𐌃 (prúfatted, perf. 3sg.)

From *proβwos (“correct, proper”) + *-āō (factitive deadjectival suffix).


likēt

likēō (active first-person indicative present singular)
likēōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
likēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
likēzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
likēt (active indicative present singular third-person)
likētor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
likēmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
likēmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
likētes (active indicative plural present second-person)
likēm(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
likēnt (active indicative plural present third-person)
likēntor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
likēām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
likēār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
likēās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
likēāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
likēād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
likēātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
likēāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
likēāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
likēātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
likēām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
likēānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
likēāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
likē (active imperative present second-person singular)
likēzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
likēte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
likētōd (active future imperative)
likēnts (present)
liketum (tu-derivative)
likēzi (s-derivative)

desc

Latin: licet (“to be permitted”), liceō (“to be for sale”), liceor (“to bid at an auction”)

Oscan: 𐌋𐌝𐌊𐌝𐌕𐌖𐌃 (líkítud), licitud (3sg. impv.), λεικειτ (leikeit, 3sg. pres.)

Unknown, though links to Lithuanian reikė́ti (“to need”) have been proposed.


sakrāō

sakrāō (active first-person indicative present singular)
sakrāōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
sakrās (active indicative present second-person singular)
sakrāzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
sakrāt (active indicative present singular third-person)
sakrātor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
sakrāmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
sakrāmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
sakrātes (active indicative plural present second-person)
sakrām(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
sakrānt (active indicative plural present third-person)
sakrāntor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
sakrāēm? (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
sakrāēr? (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
sakrāēs? (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
sakrāēzo? (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
sakrāēd? (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
sakrāētor? (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
sakrāēmos? (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
sakrāēmor? (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
sakrāētes? (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
sakrāēm(e?)n(ai?)? (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
sakrāēnd? (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
sakrāēntor? (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
sakrā (active imperative present second-person singular)
sakrāzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
sakrāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
sakrātōd (active future imperative)
sakrānts (present)
sakrātos (past)
sakrātum (tu-derivative)
sakrāzi (s-derivative)

Latin: sacrō (see there for further descendants)

Oscan: 𐌔𐌀𐌊𐌀𐌓𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌓 (sakarater, 3pl.pres.pass.), 𐌔𐌀𐌊𐌓𐌀𐌉𐌕𐌝𐌓 (sakraitír), 𐌔𐌀𐌊𐌓𐌀𐌇𐌉𐌕𐌄𐌓 (sakrahiter, 3sg.pres.subj.pass.), 𐌔𐌀𐌊𐌓𐌀𐌚𐌉𐌓 (sakrafir, pres.pass.inf.), 𐌔𐌀𐌊𐌓𐌀𐌍𐌍𐌀𐌔 (sakrannas, nom.pl.f. gerund), 𐌔𐌀𐌊𐌓𐌀𐌍𐌍 (sakrann, nom.sg.f gerund)

From *sakros (“sacred”) + *-āō (deadjectival verb suffix).


komwertō

komwertō (active first-person indicative present singular)
komwertōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
komwertes (active indicative present second-person singular)
komwertezo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
komwertet (active indicative present singular third-person)
komwertetor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
komwertomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
komwertomor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
komwertetes (active indicative plural present second-person)
komwertem(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
komwertont (active indicative plural present third-person)
komwertontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
komwertām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
komwertār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
komwertās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
komwertāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
komwertād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
komwertātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
komwertāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
komwertāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
komwertātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
komwertām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
komwertānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
komwertāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
komwortai (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
komwortistai? (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
komwortei (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
komwortme? (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
komworte (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
komwortēri (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
komwerte (active imperative present second-person singular)
komwertezo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
komwertete (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
komwertetōd (active future imperative)
komwertents (present)
komworssos (past)
komworssum (tu-derivative)
komwertezi (s-derivative)

Latin: convertō (see there for further descendants)

desc

Umbrian: 𐌊𐌖𐌅𐌄𐌓𐌕𐌖 (kuvertu, 3sg. impv.), 𐌊𐌖𐌅𐌖𐌓𐌕𐌖𐌔 (kuvurtus), couortus, courtust (3sg. fut. perf.), couortuso


stengʷō

stengʷō (active first-person indicative present singular)
stengʷōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
stengʷes (active indicative present second-person singular)
stengʷezo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
stengʷet (active indicative present singular third-person)
stengʷetor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
stengʷomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
stengʷomor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
stengʷetes (active indicative plural present second-person)
stengʷem(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
stengʷont (active indicative plural present third-person)
stengʷontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
stengʷām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
stengʷār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
stengʷās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
stengʷāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
stengʷād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
stengʷātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
stengʷāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
stengʷāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
stengʷātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
stengʷām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
stengʷānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
stengʷāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
stengʷe (active imperative present second-person singular)
stengʷezo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
stengʷete (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
stengʷetōd (active future imperative)
stengʷents (present)
stengʷezi (s-derivative)

Latin: stinguō (see there for further descendants)

This verb is traditionally reconstructed as *stingō and derived from a root *steyg- (“to stick, sting”). The labiovelar in this word in Latin would have to be analogical to other verbs with a labiovelar like unguō and ninguit.
De Vaan, going against everyone else, derives this from Proto-Indo-European *stengʷ- (“to push”), relating this to Proto-Germanic *stinkwaną.


trozeō

trozeō (active first-person indicative present singular)
trozeōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
trozēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
trozēzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
trozēt (active indicative present singular third-person)
trozētor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
trozēmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
trozēmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
trozētes (active indicative plural present second-person)
trozēm(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
trozeont (active indicative plural present third-person)
trozeontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
trozeām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
trozeār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
trozeās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
trozeāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
trozeād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
trozeātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
trozeāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
trozeāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
trozeātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
trozeām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
trozeānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
trozeāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
trozē (active imperative present second-person singular)
trozēzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
trozēte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
trozētōd (active future imperative)
trozēnts (present)
trozetos (past)
trozetum (tu-derivative)
trozēzi (s-derivative)

Latin: terreō

desc

Umbrian: tursitu (3sg. impv.), tursituto (3pl. impv.), tursiandu (3pl. pass. subj.)

From Proto-Indo-European *tros-éye-ti, a causative made to the root *tres- (“to tremble”).


komstaēō

komstaēō (active first-person indicative present singular)
komstaēōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
komstaēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
komstaēzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
komstaēt (active indicative present singular third-person)
komstaētor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
komstaēmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
komstaēmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
komstaētes (active indicative plural present second-person)
komstaēm(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
komstaēnt (active indicative plural present third-person)
komstaēntor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
komstaēām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
komstaēār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
komstaēās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
komstaēāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
komstaēād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
komstaēātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
komstaēāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
komstaēāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
komstaēātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
komstaēām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
komstaēānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
komstaēāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
komstaē (active imperative present second-person singular)
komstaēzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
komstaēte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
komstaētōd (active future imperative)
komstaēnts (present)
komstaētum (tu-derivative)
komstaēzi (s-derivative)

Latin: constō (see there for further descendants)

Oscan: κωσ(τ)ιτ (kōs(t)it, 3pl. pres.)

From *kom- (“together”) + *staēō (“to stand”).


moltāō

moltāō (active first-person indicative present singular)
moltāōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
moltās (active indicative present second-person singular)
moltāzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
moltāt (active indicative present singular third-person)
moltātor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
moltāmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
moltāmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
moltātes (active indicative plural present second-person)
moltām(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
moltānt (active indicative plural present third-person)
moltāntor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
moltāēm? (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
moltāēr? (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
moltāēs? (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
moltāēzo? (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
moltāēd? (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
moltāētor? (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
moltāēmos? (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
moltāēmor? (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
moltāētes? (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
moltāēm(e?)n(ai?)? (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
moltāēnd? (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
moltāēntor? (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
moltā (active imperative present second-person singular)
moltāzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
moltāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
moltātōd (active future imperative)
moltānts (present)
moltātos (past)
moltātum (tu-derivative)
moltāzi (s-derivative)

Latin: multō (see there for further descendants)

Oscan: moltaum (inf.)

From *moltā (“a fine”) + *-āō (denominal verb suffix).


adserō

adserō (active first-person indicative present singular)
adserōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
adseres (active indicative present second-person singular)
adserezo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
adseret (active indicative present singular third-person)
adseretor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
adseromos (active first-person indicative plural present)
adseromor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
adseretes (active indicative plural present second-person)
adserem(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
adseront (active indicative plural present third-person)
adserontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
adserām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
adserār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
adserās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
adserāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
adserād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
adserātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
adserāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
adserāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
adserātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
adserām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
adserānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
adserāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
adsere (active imperative present second-person singular)
adserezo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
adserete (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
adseretōd (active future imperative)
adserents (present)
adsertos (past)
adsertum (tu-derivative)
adserezi (s-derivative)

desc

Latin: asserō (“to join for oneself, claim for oneself”) (see there for further descendants)

Oscan: aserum (“to seize”, inf.)


stipelāō

stipelāō (active first-person indicative present singular)
stipelāōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
stipelās (active indicative present second-person singular)
stipelāzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
stipelāt (active indicative present singular third-person)
stipelātor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
stipelāmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
stipelāmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
stipelātes (active indicative plural present second-person)
stipelām(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
stipelānt (active indicative plural present third-person)
stipelāntor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
stipelāēm? (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
stipelāēr? (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
stipelāēs? (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
stipelāēzo? (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
stipelāēd? (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
stipelāētor? (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
stipelāēmos? (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
stipelāēmor? (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
stipelāētes? (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
stipelāēm(e?)n(ai?)? (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
stipelāēnd? (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
stipelāēntor? (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
stipelā (active imperative present second-person singular)
stipelāzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
stipelāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
stipelātōd (active future imperative)
stipelānts (present)
stipelātos (past)
stipelātum (tu-derivative)
stipelāzi (s-derivative)

Latin: stipulor (see there for further descendants)

Umbrian: 𐌔𐌕𐌄𐌐𐌋𐌀𐌕𐌖 (steplatu), stiplatu (3sg. imp.), stiplo (2sg. imp.)

From *stipelā (“straw”) + *-āō (denominative verb suffix).

af

Benjamin W. Fortson IV
de:Brian D. Joseph


statuō

statuō (active first-person indicative present singular)
statuōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
statues (active indicative present second-person singular)
statuezo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
statuet (active indicative present singular third-person)
statuetor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
statuomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
statuomor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
statuetes (active indicative plural present second-person)
statuem(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
statuont (active indicative plural present third-person)
statuontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
statuām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
statuār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
statuās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
statuāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
statuād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
statuātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
statuāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
statuāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
statuātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
statuām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
statuānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
statuāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
statue (active imperative present second-person singular)
statuezo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
statuete (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
statuetōd (active future imperative)
statuents (present)
statūtos (past)
statūtum (tu-derivative)
statuezi (s-derivative)

Latin: statuō (see there for further descendants)

desc

Umbrian: 𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌉𐌕𐌀 (statita, past part. acc. pl. n.), ⇒ 𐌔𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌉𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌖 (statitatu, 3sg. imp.)

A denominative to *status (“setting up”); oddly enough by forming a third-conjugation verb instead of using the common denominative suffix *-āō.


soikāō

soikāō (active first-person indicative present singular)
soikāōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
soikās (active indicative present second-person singular)
soikāzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
soikāt (active indicative present singular third-person)
soikātor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
soikāmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
soikāmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
soikātes (active indicative plural present second-person)
soikām(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
soikānt (active indicative plural present third-person)
soikāntor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
soikāēm? (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
soikāēr? (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
soikāēs? (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
soikāēzo? (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
soikāēd? (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
soikāētor? (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
soikāēmos? (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
soikāēmor? (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
soikāētes? (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
soikāēm(e?)n(ai?)? (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
soikāēnd? (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
soikāēntor? (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
soikā (active imperative present second-person singular)
soikāzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
soikāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
soikātōd (active future imperative)
soikānts (present)
soikātos (past)
soikātum (tu-derivative)
soikāzi (s-derivative)

Umbrian: 𐌔𐌖𐌊𐌀𐌕𐌖 (sukatu, 3sg. imp.)

⇒ South Picene: 𐌐𐌄𐌓𐌔𐌖𐌊𐌀𐌍𐌕 (persukant, 3pl. pres.)

According to Meiser, from *soikos (“swearing”) + *-āō (“denominative verb suffix”). The root would be Proto-Indo-European *seyk- (“to reach”), cognate to Lithuanian siekti (“to reach”).