dwenos

*dwenos (comparative *meljōs, superlative *optimos, adverb *dwened)

meljōs (comparative)
optimos (superlative)
dwened (adverb)
dwenos (masculine nominative singular)
dwenā (feminine nominative singular)
dwenom (neuter nominative singular)
dwene (masculine singular vocative)
dwena (feminine singular vocative)
dwenom (neuter singular vocative)
dwenom (accusative masculine singular)
dwenam (accusative feminine singular)
dwenom (accusative neuter singular)
dwenosjo (genitive masculine singular)
dwenī (genitive masculine singular)
dwenās (feminine genitive singular)
dwenosjo (genitive neuter singular)
dwenī (genitive neuter singular)
dwenōi (dative masculine singular)
dwenāi (dative feminine singular)
dwenōi (dative neuter singular)
dwenōd (ablative masculine singular)
dwenād (ablative feminine singular)
dwenōd (ablative neuter singular)
dwenei (locative masculine singular)
dwenāi (feminine locative singular)
dwenei (locative neuter singular)
dwenōs (masculine nominative plural)
dwenoi (masculine nominative plural)
dwenās (feminine nominative plural)
dwenā (neuter nominative plural)
dwenōs (masculine plural vocative)
dwenoi (masculine plural vocative)
dwenās (feminine plural vocative)
dwenā (neuter plural vocative)
dwenons (accusative masculine plural)
dwenans (accusative feminine plural)
dwenā (accusative neuter plural)
dwenom (genitive masculine plural)
dwenāzōm (feminine genitive plural)
dwenom (genitive neuter plural)
dwenois (dative masculine plural)
dwenais (dative feminine plural)
dwenois (dative neuter plural)
dwenois (ablative masculine plural)
dwenais (ablative feminine plural)
dwenois (ablative neuter plural)
dwenois (locative masculine plural)
dwenais (feminine locative plural)
dwenois (locative neuter plural)

desc

Faliscan: 𐌃𐌖𐌄𐌍𐌀𐌔 (duenas, feminine genitive singular), 𐌃𐌖𐌄𐌍𐌏𐌌 (duenom, neuter nominative/accusative singular)

Old Latin: duenos, duonus

Latin: bonus (see there for further descendants)

Umbrian: funir

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *dewh₂- (“to fit”); compare Gothic 𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌽 (taujan, “to do, make”) and Ancient Greek δύναμαι (dúnamai, “to be able”). Alternatively, from Proto-Indo-European *deh₃-u, from *deh₃- (“to give”).


wōs

egō (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
tū (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
mē (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
tē (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sē (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mei (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
tei (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
sei (genitive personal pronoun reflexive singular)
meɣei (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
teβei (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
seβei (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
med (ablative first-person personal pronoun singular)
ted (ablative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sed (ablative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
meos (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
towos (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
sowos (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular)
nōs (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
wōs (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
nōs (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
wōs (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
nosterom (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
westerom (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
nōβei (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
wōβei (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
nōβei (ablative first-person personal plural pronoun)
wōβei (ablative personal plural pronoun second-person)
nosteros (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
westeros (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)

Faliscan: 𐌖𐌄𐌔 (ues)

Old Latin: vōs

Latin: vōs

Paelignian: uus (nominative, dative)

From the oblique case forms of Proto-Indo-European *yū́.


gʷīwō

head

*gʷīwō first-singular present indicative

gʷīwō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
gʷīwō (active first-person indicative present singular)
gʷīwōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
gʷīwes (active indicative present second-person singular)
gʷīwezo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
gʷīwet (active indicative present singular third-person)
gʷīwetor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
gʷīwomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
gʷīwomor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
gʷīwetes (active indicative plural present second-person)
gʷīwem(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
gʷīwont (active indicative plural present third-person)
gʷīwontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
gʷīwām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
gʷīwār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
gʷīwās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
gʷīwāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
gʷīwād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
gʷīwātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
gʷīwāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
gʷīwāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
gʷīwātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
gʷīwām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
gʷīwānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
gʷīwāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
gʷīwe (active imperative present second-person singular)
gʷīwezo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
gʷīwete (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
gʷīwetōd (active future imperative)
gʷīwents (present)
gʷīwezi (s-derivative)

Latin: vīvō (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷíh₃weti (“to live”).


gʷītā

gʷītā (nominative singular)
gʷītās (nominative plural)
gʷīta (singular vocative)
gʷītās (plural vocative)
gʷītam (accusative singular)
gʷītans (accusative plural)
gʷītās (genitive singular)
gʷītāzom (genitive plural)
gʷītāi (dative singular)
gʷītais (dative plural)
gʷītād (ablative singular)
gʷītais (ablative plural)
gʷītāi (locative singular)
gʷītais (locative plural)

Latin: vīta (see there for further descendants)

desc

Oscan: 𐌁𐌉𐌉𐌕𐌀𐌌 (biitam, accusative singular)

Possibly corresponds to a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wo-teh₂ (compare Ancient Greek βίοτος (bíotos, “life”), Old Irish bethu, bethad, Irish beatha, Welsh bywyd, Old Church Slavonic животъ (životŭ, “life”), Lithuanian gyvatà (“life”), Sanskrit जीवित (jīvitá), Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬊 (gaiio, “life”) [accusative 𐬘𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬙𐬎𐬨 (jiiātum)]), ultimately from *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”).


kadō

kadō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
kadō (active first-person indicative present singular)
kadōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
kades (active indicative present second-person singular)
kadezo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
kadet (active indicative present singular third-person)
kadetor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
kadomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
kadomor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
kadetes (active indicative plural present second-person)
kadem(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
kadont (active indicative plural present third-person)
kadontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
kadām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
kadār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
kadās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
kadāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
kadād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
kadātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
kadāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
kadāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
kadātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
kadām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
kadānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
kadāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
kekadai (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
kekadistai? (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
kekadei (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
kekadme? (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
kekade (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
kekadēri (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
kade (active imperative present second-person singular)
kadezo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
kadete (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
kadetōd (active future imperative)
kadents (present)
kassos (past)
kassum (tu-derivative)
kadezi (s-derivative)

Latin: cadō

From Proto-Italic *kekadai, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱh₂d-.


kʷoi

kʷoi (masculine nominative singular)
kʷāi (feminine nominative singular)
kʷod (neuter nominative singular)
kʷom (accusative masculine singular)
kʷām (accusative feminine singular)
kʷod (accusative neuter singular)
kʷojjos (genitive masculine singular)
kʷojjos (genitive neuter singular)
kʷozmoi (dative masculine singular)
kʷojjei (dative masculine singular)
kʷozmoi (dative neuter singular)
kʷojjei (dative neuter singular)
kʷōd (ablative masculine singular)
kʷād (ablative feminine singular)
kʷōd (ablative neuter singular)
kʷoi (masculine nominative plural)
kʷōs (masculine nominative plural)
kʷās (feminine nominative plural)
kʷa (neuter nominative plural)
kʷai (neuter nominative plural)
kʷons (accusative masculine plural)
kʷāns (accusative feminine plural)
kʷa (accusative neuter plural)
kʷai (accusative neuter plural)
kʷozom (genitive masculine plural)
kʷāzom (feminine genitive plural)
kʷozom (genitive neuter plural)
kʷois (dative masculine plural)
kʷais (dative feminine plural)
kʷois (dative neuter plural)
kʷois (ablative masculine plural)
kʷais (ablative feminine plural)
kʷois (ablative neuter plural)
kʷois (locative masculine plural)
kʷais (feminine locative plural)
kʷois (locative neuter plural)

Faliscan: 𐌂𐌖𐌉 (cui)

Latin: quī, quae, quod

Oscan: 𐌐𐌀𐌝 (paí), pae, 𐌐𐌞𐌃 (púd), pod

Paelignian: puus

Umbrian: poi, 𐌐𐌖𐌛𐌄 (puře), porsi

Nominative cases in *-i built on Proto-Indo-European stems *kʷo-, *kʷeh₂-, from *kʷos.


kʷis

kʷis (masculine nominative singular)
kʷis (feminine nominative singular)
kʷid (neuter nominative singular)
kʷim (accusative masculine singular)
kʷim (accusative feminine singular)
kʷid (accusative neuter singular)
kʷēs (masculine nominative plural)
kʷēs (feminine nominative plural)
kʷī (neuter nominative plural)
kʷia (neuter nominative plural)
kʷins (accusative masculine plural)
kʷins (accusative feminine plural)
kʷī (accusative neuter plural)
kʷia (accusative neuter plural)
kʷiβos (dative masculine plural)
kʷiβos (dative feminine plural)
kʷiβos (dative neuter plural)
kʷiβos (ablative masculine plural)
kʷiβos (ablative feminine plural)
kʷiβos (ablative neuter plural)
kʷiβos (locative masculine plural)
kʷiβos (feminine locative plural)
kʷiβos (locative neuter plural)

Latin: quis, quid

Oscan: 𐌐𐌉𐌔 (pis), pis, 𐌐𐌉𐌃 (pid)

Paelignian: pid

South Picene: puih, pid

desc

Umbrian: 𐌐𐌉𐌔𐌉 (pisi), pisi, 𐌐𐌉𐌛𐌉 (piři), 𐌐𐌉𐌛𐌄 (piře), 𐌐𐌄𐌛𐌄 (peře), pirse

Volscian: pis

Marrucinian: pis


kedō

kedō first-singular present indicative (canonical)

Latin: cedo, cedite/cette

From *ke (“here”) + *dō (“give”, imperative).


kerazrom

kerazrom (nominative singular)
kerazrā (nominative plural)
kerazrom (singular vocative)
kerazrā (plural vocative)
kerazrom (accusative singular)
kerazrā (accusative plural)
kerazrosjo (genitive singular)
kerazrī (genitive singular)
kerazrom (genitive plural)
kerazrōi (dative singular)
kerazrois (dative plural)
kerazrōd (ablative singular)
kerazrois (ablative plural)
kerazrei (locative singular)
kerazrois (locative plural)

Latin: cerebrum

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂srom, from *ḱerh₂-.


kapros

kapros (nominative singular)
kaprōs (nominative plural)
kaproi (nominative plural)
kapre (singular vocative)
kaprōs (plural vocative)
kaproi (plural vocative)
kaprom (accusative singular)
kaprons (accusative plural)
kaprosjo (genitive singular)
kaprī (genitive singular)
kaprom (genitive plural)
kaprōi (dative singular)
kaprois (dative plural)
kaprōd (ablative singular)
kaprois (ablative plural)
kaprei (locative singular)
kaprois (locative plural)

Latin: caper

Umbrian: 𐌊𐌀𐌐𐌓𐌖𐌌 (kaprum, acc.sg.)

From Proto-Indo-European *kápros. Cognate with Old Norse hafr.


kentom

kentom (nominative singular)
kentā (nominative plural)
kentom (singular vocative)
kentā (plural vocative)
kentom (accusative singular)
kentā (accusative plural)
kentosjo (genitive singular)
kentī (genitive singular)
kentom (genitive plural)
kentōi (dative singular)
kentois (dative plural)
kentōd (ablative singular)
kentois (ablative plural)
kentei (locative singular)
kentois (locative plural)

Latin: centum (see there for further descendants)


klāwis

klāwis (nominative singular)
klāwēs (nominative plural)
klāwis (singular vocative)
klāwēs (plural vocative)
klāwim (accusative singular)
klāwins (accusative plural)
klāweis (genitive singular)
klāwjom (genitive plural)
klāwei (dative singular)
klāwiβos (dative plural)
klāwīd (ablative singular)
klāwiβos (ablative plural)
klāwei (locative singular)
klāwiβos (locative plural)

Latin: clāvis (see there for further descendants)

Possibly an i-stem derivation of Proto-Indo-European *(s)kleh₂w- (“nail, pin, hook - instruments, of old use for locking doors”); compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀏𐀨𐀹𐀡𐀫 (ka-ra-wi-po-ro /klāwi-pʰoros/, “key-bearer”). Possibly *(s)kleh₂w- gave *klāwos, Latin clāvus; alternatively Latin clāvis may have been borrowed from Ancient Greek κλείς (kleís), ultimately from the same Indo-European source.


keiwis

keiwis (nominative singular)
keiwēs (nominative plural)
keiwis (singular vocative)
keiwēs (plural vocative)
keiwim (accusative singular)
keiwins (accusative plural)
keiweis (genitive singular)
keiwjom (genitive plural)
keiwei (dative singular)
keiwiβos (dative plural)
keiwīd (ablative singular)
keiwiβos (ablative plural)
keiwei (locative singular)
keiwiβos (locative plural)

Old Latin: ceivis, *cẹ̄vis

Latin: cīvis

Oscan: 𐌊𐌄𐌖𐌔 (keus)

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱey- (“to settle, be lying down”).


sniks

sniks (nominative singular)
sniɣʷes (nominative plural)
sniks (singular vocative)
sniɣʷes (plural vocative)
sniɣʷem (accusative singular)
sniɣʷens (accusative plural)
sniɣʷes (genitive singular)
sniɣʷos (genitive singular)
sniɣʷom (genitive plural)
sniɣʷei (dative singular)
sniɣʷβos (dative plural)
sniɣʷi? sniɣʷe? (ablative singular)
sniɣʷβos (ablative plural)
sniɣʷi? sniɣʷe? (locative singular)
sniɣʷβos (locative plural)

Latin: nix


wijā

wijā (nominative singular)
wijās (nominative plural)
wija (singular vocative)
wijās (plural vocative)
wijam (accusative singular)
wijans (accusative plural)
wijās (genitive singular)
wijāzom (genitive plural)
wijāi (dative singular)
wijais (dative plural)
wijād (ablative singular)
wijais (ablative plural)
wijāi (locative singular)
wijais (locative plural)

Latin: via

Umbrian: 𐌅𐌉𐌀 (via) (abl. sg.)

Oscan: 𐌅𐌝𐌀𐌌 (víam) (acc. sg.)

South Picene: 𐌅𐌝𐌀𐌌 (víam) (acc. sg.)

From Proto-Indo-European *wih₁eh₂, from *weyh₁-. Cognate with Lithuanian vyti.


atnos

atnos (nominative singular)
atnōs (nominative plural)
atnoi (nominative plural)
atne (singular vocative)
atnōs (plural vocative)
atnoi (plural vocative)
atnom (accusative singular)
atnons (accusative plural)
atnosjo (genitive singular)
atnī (genitive singular)
atnom (genitive plural)
atnōi (dative singular)
atnois (dative plural)
atnōd (ablative singular)
atnois (ablative plural)
atnei (locative singular)
atnois (locative plural)

Latin: annus (see there for further descendants)

Oscan: 𐌀𐌊𐌄𐌍𐌄𐌉 (akenei, loc. sg.)

Umbrian: acnu

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂t-nó-s, from *h₂et-. Compare Proto-Germanic *aþna- (“year”), Sanskrit अत्न (atna, “sun”).

perennis

*per-atn-is (compound adj. of unclear meaning)


klaudō

head

*klaudō first-singular present indicative

klaudō (active first-person indicative present singular)
klaudōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
klaudes (active indicative present second-person singular)
klaudezo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
klaudet (active indicative present singular third-person)
klaudetor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
klaudomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
klaudomor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
klaudetes (active indicative plural present second-person)
klaudem(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
klaudont (active indicative plural present third-person)
klaudontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
klaudām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
klaudār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
klaudās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
klaudāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
klaudād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
klaudātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
klaudāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
klaudāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
klaudātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
klaudām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
klaudānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
klaudāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
klaussai (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
klaussistai? (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
klaussei (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
klaussme? (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
klausse (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
klaussēri (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
klaude (active imperative present second-person singular)
klaudezo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
klaudete (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
klaudetōd (active future imperative)
klaudents (present)
klaussos (past)
klaussum (tu-derivative)
klaudezi (s-derivative)

Latin: claudō (see there for further descendants)

Paelignian: clusu (participle perfect)

From Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂u- (“key, hook, nail”).


deikō

head

*deikō first-singular present indicative

deikō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
deikō (active first-person indicative present singular)
deikōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
deikes (active indicative present second-person singular)
deikezo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
deiket (active indicative present singular third-person)
deiketor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
deikomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
deikomor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
deiketes (active indicative plural present second-person)
deikem(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
deikont (active indicative plural present third-person)
deikontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
deikām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
deikār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
deikās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
deikāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
deikād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
deikātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
deikāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
deikāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
deikātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
deikām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
deikānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
deikāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
dedikai (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
dedikistai? (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
dedikei (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
dedikme? (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
dedike (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
dedikēri (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
deiksom (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
deikses (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
deiksed (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
deiksome (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
deiksete (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
deiksond (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
deike (active imperative present second-person singular)
deikezo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
deikete (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
deiketōd (active future imperative)
deikents (present)
diktos (past)
diktum (tu-derivative)
deikezi (s-derivative)

Latin: dīcō (see there for further descendants)

Oscan: 𐌃𐌄𐌝𐌊𐌖𐌌 (deíkum)

Umbrian: deitu

From Proto-Indo-European *déyḱti (“to be pointing out”).


didō

didō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
didō (active first-person indicative present singular)
didōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
didas (active indicative present second-person singular)
didazo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
didat (active indicative present singular third-person)
didator (indicative passive present singular third-person)
didomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
didomor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
didates (active indicative plural present second-person)
didont (active indicative plural present third-person)
didontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
didām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
didār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
didās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
didāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
didād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
didātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
didāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
didāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
didātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
didānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
didāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
dedō (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
dedōtai (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
dedō (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
dedame? (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
dede? (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
dedēri (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
dōm (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
dōs (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
dōd (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
dame (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
date (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
dand (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
dō (active imperative present second-person singular)
dazo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
date (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
datōd (active future imperative)
didants (present)
datos (past)
datum (tu-derivative)
didazi (s-derivative)

Latino-Faliscan:

Faliscan: dedet

q

Latin: dō (reduplication lost, or merged with aorist) (see there for further descendants)

Sabellic:

Oscan: 𐌃𐌄𐌃𐌄𐌃 (deded)

desc

Umbrian: 𐌕𐌉𐌕𐌖 (titu), 𐌕𐌄𐌕𐌖 (tetu), ditu, 𐌃𐌄𐌃𐌄 (dede)

Vestinian: didet, data

Paelignian: dedi, data

Aequian: dedid

Marsian: dede

Venetic: doto

From Proto-Indo-European *dédeh₃ti, from *deh₃- (“to give”).


auzōs

auzōs (nominative singular)
auzōzes (nominative plural)
auzōs (singular vocative)
auzōzes (plural vocative)
auzōzem (accusative singular)
auzōzens (accusative plural)
auzōzes (genitive singular)
auzōzos (genitive singular)
auzōzom (genitive plural)
auzōzei (dative singular)
auzōzβos (dative plural)
auzōzi? auzōze? (ablative singular)
auzōzβos (ablative plural)
auzōzi? auzōze? (locative singular)
auzōzβos (locative plural)

Latin: aurōra (with ā-stem extension)


auzom

auzom (nominative singular)
auzā (nominative plural)
auzom (singular vocative)
auzā (plural vocative)
auzom (accusative singular)
auzā (accusative plural)
auzosjo (genitive singular)
auzī (genitive singular)
auzom (genitive plural)
auzōi (dative singular)
auzois (dative plural)
auzōd (ablative singular)
auzois (ablative plural)
auzei (locative singular)
auzois (locative plural)

Old Latin: ausum

Latin: aurum (see there for further descendants)

Sabine: *ausom

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂é-h₂us-o- (“glow”), from *h₂ews- (“to dawn, become light, become red”).


wīs

wīs (nominative singular)
wīs (singular vocative)
wīm (accusative singular)
wīes (genitive singular)
wīei (dative singular)
wīe (ablative singular)
wīe (locative singular)

desctree

with plural forms from an extended form of the root, possibly the same root as <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">vir</i>

Latin: vīs (with plural forms from an extended form of the root, possibly the same root as vir)
→ English: vis, vim

Faliscan: ves

From Proto-Indo-European *wéyh₁s (“force, vehemence”), from *weyh₁- (“to rush”).


waðom

waðom (nominative singular)
waðā (nominative plural)
waðom (singular vocative)
waðā (plural vocative)
waðom (accusative singular)
waðā (accusative plural)
waðosjo (genitive singular)
waðī (genitive singular)
waðom (genitive plural)
waðōi (dative singular)
waðois (dative plural)
waðōd (ablative singular)
waðois (ablative plural)
waðei (locative singular)
waðois (locative plural)

Latin: vadum (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *wh₂dʰóm, from *weh₂dʰ-. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *wadą.


wāðō

wāðō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
wāðō (active first-person indicative present singular)
wāðes (active indicative present second-person singular)
wāðet (active indicative present singular third-person)
wāðomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
wāðetes (active indicative plural present second-person)
wāðont (active indicative plural present third-person)
wāðām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
wāðās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
wāðād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
wāðāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
wāðātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
wāðānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
wāssai (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
wāssistai? (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
wāssei (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
wāssme? (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
wāsse (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
wāssēri (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
wāðe (active imperative present second-person singular)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
wāðents (present)
wāðezi (s-derivative)

Latin: vādō (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *weh₂dʰ-. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *wadaną.


frātēr

frātēr (nominative singular)
frātres (nominative plural)
frāter (singular vocative)
frātres (plural vocative)
frātrem (accusative singular)
frātrens (accusative plural)
frātres (genitive singular)
frātros (genitive singular)
frātrom (genitive plural)
frātrei (dative singular)
frātrβos (dative plural)
frātri? frātre? (ablative singular)
frātrβos (ablative plural)
frātri? frātre? (locative singular)
frātrβos (locative plural)

Latin: frāter

Oscan: 𐌚𐌓𐌀𐌕𐌓𐌞𐌌 (fratrúm) (accusative singular)

Umbrian: frater (nominative plural), fratrum, fratrom (genitive plural)

Venetic: 𐌇𐌅𐌓𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌉 (fraterei) (dative singular)


flōs

flōs (nominative singular)
flōzes (nominative plural)
flōs (singular vocative)
flōzes (plural vocative)
flōzem (accusative singular)
flōzens (accusative plural)
flōzes (genitive singular)
flōzos (genitive singular)
flōzom (genitive plural)
flōzei (dative singular)
flōzβos (dative plural)
flōzi? flōze? (ablative singular)
flōzβos (ablative plural)
flōzi? flōze? (locative singular)
flōzβos (locative plural)

Latin: flōs (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰléh₃s ~ *bʰl̥h₃s-és, from *bʰleh₃- (“bloom, flower”).


feiðō

head

*feiðō first-singular present indicative

feiðō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
feiðō (active first-person indicative present singular)
feiðes (active indicative present second-person singular)
feiðet (active indicative present singular third-person)
feiðomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
feiðetes (active indicative plural present second-person)
feiðont (active indicative plural present third-person)
feiðām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
feiðās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
feiðād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
feiðāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
feiðātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
feiðānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
feiðe (active imperative present second-person singular)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
feiðents (present)
feiðezi (s-derivative)

Latin: fīdō

desc

Umbrian: 𐌊𐌖𐌌𐌐𐌉𐌚𐌉𐌀𐌕𐌖 (kumpifiatu), 𐌊𐌖𐌐𐌉𐌚𐌉𐌀𐌕𐌖 (kupifiatu), 𐌂𐌏𐌌𐌁𐌉𐌚𐌉𐌀𐌕𐌖 (combifiatu), 𐌊𐌖𐌐𐌉𐌚𐌉𐌀𐌉𐌀 (kupifiaia), 𐌂𐌏𐌌𐌁𐌉𐌚𐌉𐌀𐌍𐌑𐌉 (combifiansi) etc. (< *kom-fið-jā-).

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰéydʰeti, from *bʰeydʰ- (“to trust”).


feiðos

head

*feiðos (comparative *feiðjōs, superlative *feiðisemos)

feiðjōs (comparative)
feiðisemos (superlative)
feiðos (masculine nominative singular)
feiðā (feminine nominative singular)
feiðom (neuter nominative singular)
feiðe (masculine singular vocative)
feiða (feminine singular vocative)
feiðom (neuter singular vocative)
feiðom (accusative masculine singular)
feiðam (accusative feminine singular)
feiðom (accusative neuter singular)
feiðosjo (genitive masculine singular)
feiðī (genitive masculine singular)
feiðās (feminine genitive singular)
feiðosjo (genitive neuter singular)
feiðī (genitive neuter singular)
feiðōi (dative masculine singular)
feiðāi (dative feminine singular)
feiðōi (dative neuter singular)
feiðōd (ablative masculine singular)
feiðād (ablative feminine singular)
feiðōd (ablative neuter singular)
feiðei (locative masculine singular)
feiðāi (feminine locative singular)
feiðei (locative neuter singular)
feiðōs (masculine nominative plural)
feiðoi (masculine nominative plural)
feiðās (feminine nominative plural)
feiðā (neuter nominative plural)
feiðōs (masculine plural vocative)
feiðoi (masculine plural vocative)
feiðās (feminine plural vocative)
feiðā (neuter plural vocative)
feiðons (accusative masculine plural)
feiðans (accusative feminine plural)
feiðā (accusative neuter plural)
feiðom (genitive masculine plural)
feiðāzōm (feminine genitive plural)
feiðom (genitive neuter plural)
feiðois (dative masculine plural)
feiðais (dative feminine plural)
feiðois (dative neuter plural)
feiðois (ablative masculine plural)
feiðais (ablative feminine plural)
feiðois (ablative neuter plural)
feiðois (locative masculine plural)
feiðais (feminine locative plural)
feiðois (locative neuter plural)

Latin: fīdus

Faliscan: fitai

From earlier *θeiðos, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeydʰ-o-s, from *bʰeydʰ- (“to trust”).


swezrīnos

swezrīnos (masculine nominative singular)
swezrīnā (feminine nominative singular)
swezrīnom (neuter nominative singular)
swezrīne (masculine singular vocative)
swezrīna (feminine singular vocative)
swezrīnom (neuter singular vocative)
swezrīnom (accusative masculine singular)
swezrīnam (accusative feminine singular)
swezrīnom (accusative neuter singular)
swezrīnosjo (genitive masculine singular)
swezrīnī (genitive masculine singular)
swezrīnās (feminine genitive singular)
swezrīnosjo (genitive neuter singular)
swezrīnī (genitive neuter singular)
swezrīnōi (dative masculine singular)
swezrīnāi (dative feminine singular)
swezrīnōi (dative neuter singular)
swezrīnōd (ablative masculine singular)
swezrīnād (ablative feminine singular)
swezrīnōd (ablative neuter singular)
swezrīnei (locative masculine singular)
swezrīnāi (feminine locative singular)
swezrīnei (locative neuter singular)
swezrīnōs (masculine nominative plural)
swezrīnoi (masculine nominative plural)
swezrīnās (feminine nominative plural)
swezrīnā (neuter nominative plural)
swezrīnōs (masculine plural vocative)
swezrīnoi (masculine plural vocative)
swezrīnās (feminine plural vocative)
swezrīnā (neuter plural vocative)
swezrīnons (accusative masculine plural)
swezrīnans (accusative feminine plural)
swezrīnā (accusative neuter plural)
swezrīnom (genitive masculine plural)
swezrīnāzōm (feminine genitive plural)
swezrīnom (genitive neuter plural)
swezrīnois (dative masculine plural)
swezrīnais (dative feminine plural)
swezrīnois (dative neuter plural)
swezrīnois (ablative masculine plural)
swezrīnais (ablative feminine plural)
swezrīnois (ablative neuter plural)
swezrīnois (locative masculine plural)
swezrīnais (feminine locative plural)
swezrīnois (locative neuter plural)

Latin: sobrīnus (with so- from soror; the regular outcome would be *suebrīnus)


swezōr

swezōr (nominative singular)
swezres (nominative plural)
swezor (singular vocative)
swezres (plural vocative)
swezrem (accusative singular)
swezrens (accusative plural)
swezres (genitive singular)
swezros (genitive singular)
swezrom (genitive plural)
swezrei (dative singular)
swezrβos (dative plural)
swezri? swezre? (ablative singular)
swezrβos (ablative plural)
swezri? swezre? (locative singular)
swezrβos (locative plural)

Latin: soror (see there for further descendants)


jowos

jowos (nominative singular)
jowezā (nominative plural)
jowos (singular vocative)
jowezā (plural vocative)
jowos (accusative singular)
jowezā (accusative plural)
jowezes (genitive singular)
jowezos (genitive singular)
jowezom (genitive plural)
jowezei (dative singular)
jowezβos (dative plural)
jowezi? joweze? (ablative singular)
jowezβos (ablative plural)
jowezi? joweze? (locative singular)
jowezβos (locative plural)

Old Latin: ious

Latin: iūs (see there for further descendants)


lakus

lakus (nominative singular)
lakowes (nominative plural)
lakus (singular vocative)
lakowes (plural vocative)
lakum (accusative singular)
lakuns (accusative plural)
lakous (genitive singular)
lakwom (genitive plural)
lakowei (dative singular)
lakuβos (dative plural)
lakūd (ablative singular)
lakuβos (ablative plural)
lakou (locative singular)
lakuβos (locative plural)

Latin: lacus

From Proto-Indo-European *lókus (“pond, pool, lake”), with unrounding of the o after the l pinguis (/ɫ/).


jowestos

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*jowestos (comparative *jowestjōs, superlative *jowestisemos)

jowestjōs (comparative)
jowestisemos (superlative)
jowestos (masculine nominative singular)
jowestā (feminine nominative singular)
jowestom (neuter nominative singular)
joweste (masculine singular vocative)
jowesta (feminine singular vocative)
jowestom (neuter singular vocative)
jowestom (accusative masculine singular)
jowestam (accusative feminine singular)
jowestom (accusative neuter singular)
jowestosjo (genitive masculine singular)
jowestī (genitive masculine singular)
jowestās (feminine genitive singular)
jowestosjo (genitive neuter singular)
jowestī (genitive neuter singular)
jowestōi (dative masculine singular)
jowestāi (dative feminine singular)
jowestōi (dative neuter singular)
jowestōd (ablative masculine singular)
jowestād (ablative feminine singular)
jowestōd (ablative neuter singular)
jowestei (locative masculine singular)
jowestāi (feminine locative singular)
jowestei (locative neuter singular)
jowestōs (masculine nominative plural)
jowestoi (masculine nominative plural)
jowestās (feminine nominative plural)
jowestā (neuter nominative plural)
jowestōs (masculine plural vocative)
jowestoi (masculine plural vocative)
jowestās (feminine plural vocative)
jowestā (neuter plural vocative)
jowestons (accusative masculine plural)
jowestans (accusative feminine plural)
jowestā (accusative neuter plural)
jowestom (genitive masculine plural)
jowestāzōm (feminine genitive plural)
jowestom (genitive neuter plural)
jowestois (dative masculine plural)
jowestais (dative feminine plural)
jowestois (dative neuter plural)
jowestois (ablative masculine plural)
jowestais (ablative feminine plural)
jowestois (ablative neuter plural)
jowestois (locative masculine plural)
jowestais (feminine locative plural)
jowestois (locative neuter plural)

Latin: iūstus


jowezāō

*jowezāō first-singular present indicative

jowezāō (active first-person indicative present singular)
jowezāōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
jowezās (active indicative present second-person singular)
jowezāzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
jowezāt (active indicative present singular third-person)
jowezātor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
jowezāmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
jowezāmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
jowezātes (active indicative plural present second-person)
jowezām(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
jowezānt (active indicative plural present third-person)
jowezāntor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
jowezāēm? (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
jowezāēr? (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
jowezāēs? (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
jowezāēzo? (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
jowezāēd? (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
jowezāētor? (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
jowezāēmos? (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
jowezāēmor? (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
jowezāētes? (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
jowezāēm(e?)n(ai?)? (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
jowezāēnd? (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
jowezāēntor? (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
jowezā (active imperative present second-person singular)
jowezāzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
jowezāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
jowezātōd (active future imperative)
jowezānts (present)
jowezātos (past)
jowezātum (tu-derivative)
jowezāzi (s-derivative)

Old Latin: iovesat (/jowezāt/) (3rd person singular present, Duenos inscription)

Latin: iūrō

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂yew-es-éh₂-ye-ti, from *h₂yew- (“straight; justice”), an extended form of the root *h₂ey- (“vital force; life”). Related to *jowos (“court of law”).

to utter and commit to formally, to swear


linkʷō

*linkʷō first-singular present indicative

linkʷō (active first-person indicative present singular)
linkʷōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
linkʷes (active indicative present second-person singular)
linkʷezo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
linkʷet (active indicative present singular third-person)
linkʷetor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
linkʷomos (active first-person indicative plural present)
linkʷomor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
linkʷetes (active indicative plural present second-person)
linkʷem(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
linkʷont (active indicative plural present third-person)
linkʷontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
linkʷām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
linkʷār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
linkʷās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
linkʷāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
linkʷād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
linkʷātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
linkʷāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
linkʷāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
linkʷātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
linkʷām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
linkʷānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
linkʷāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
leikʷom (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
leikʷes (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
leikʷed (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
likʷome (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
likʷete (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
likʷond (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
linkʷe (active imperative present second-person singular)
linkʷezo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
linkʷete (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
linkʷetōd (active future imperative)
linkʷents (present)
liktos (past)
liktum (tu-derivative)
linkʷezi (s-derivative)

Latin: linquō

From Proto-Indo-European *linékʷti ~ *linkʷénti, from the root *leykʷ-.


-ēō

-ēō (active first-person indicative present singular)
-ēōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
-ēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
-ēzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
-ēt (active indicative present singular third-person)
-ētor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
-ēmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
-ēmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
-ētes (active indicative plural present second-person)
-ēm(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
-ēnt (active indicative plural present third-person)
-ēntor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
-ēām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
-ēār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
-ēās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
-ēāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
-ēād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
-ēātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
-ēāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
-ēāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
-ēātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
-ēām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
-ēānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
-ēāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
-sai (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
-sistai (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
-se (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
-sed (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
-somos (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
-sistes (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
-sēri (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
-ē (active imperative present second-person singular)
-ēzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
-ēte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
-ētōd (active future imperative)
-ēnts (present)
-tos (past)
-tum (tu-derivative)
-ēzi (s-derivative)

Latin: -eō, -ēre (second conjugation)

From earlier *-ējō, from Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁yeti in which the first person singular ended in *-éh₁yoh₂.

Forms stative verbs, indicating a state of being.

Forms causative verbs from basic (3rd conjugation) verbs.


ekwos

ekwos (nominative singular)
ekwōs (nominative plural)
ekwoi (nominative plural)
ekwe (singular vocative)
ekwōs (plural vocative)
ekwoi (plural vocative)
ekwom (accusative singular)
ekwons (accusative plural)
ekwosjo (genitive singular)
ekwī (genitive singular)
ekwom (genitive plural)
ekwōi (dative singular)
ekwois (dative plural)
ekwōd (ablative singular)
ekwois (ablative plural)
ekwei (locative singular)
ekwois (locative plural)

Old Latin: equos, ecus

Latin: equus

Faliscan: eqo (dative singular)

Venetic: 𐌄𐌊𐌅𐌏𐌍 (ekvon) (accusative singular)

PIE word
 *h₁éḱwos
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos.


erzāō

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*erzāō first-singular present indicative

erzāō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
erzāō (active first-person indicative present singular)
erzāōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
erzās (active indicative present second-person singular)
erzāzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
erzāt (active indicative present singular third-person)
erzātor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
erzāmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
erzāmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
erzātes (active indicative plural present second-person)
erzām(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
erzānt (active indicative plural present third-person)
erzāntor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
erzāēm? (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
erzāēr? (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
erzāēs? (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
erzāēzo? (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
erzāēd? (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
erzāētor? (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
erzāēmos? (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
erzāēmor? (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
erzāētes? (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
erzāēm(e?)n(ai?)? (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
erzāēnd? (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
erzāēntor? (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
erzā (active imperative present second-person singular)
erzāzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
erzāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
erzātōd (active future imperative)
erzānts (present)
erzātos (past)
erzātum (tu-derivative)
erzāzi (s-derivative)

Latin: errō (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ers-eh₂-yé-ti, from *h₁ers- (“to flow, go astray”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *irzijaną, *irzijaz.


-āō

-āō (active first-person indicative present singular)
-āōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
-ās (active indicative present second-person singular)
-āzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
-āt (active indicative present singular third-person)
-ātor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
-āmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
-āmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
-ātes (active indicative plural present second-person)
-ām(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
-ānt (active indicative plural present third-person)
-āntor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
-āēm? (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
-āēr? (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
-āēs? (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
-āēzo? (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
-āēd? (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
-āētor? (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
-āēmos? (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
-āēmor? (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
-āētes? (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
-āēm(e?)n(ai?)? (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
-āēnd? (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
-āēntor? (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
-ā (active imperative present second-person singular)
-āzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
-āte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
-ātōd (active future imperative)
-ānts (present)
-ātos (past)
-ātum (tu-derivative)
-āzi (s-derivative)

Latin: -ō, -āre (first conjugation, etymology 3) (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂-yé-ti: *-eh₂-yé-ti > intermediate phase **-ājō with syncope of the diphthong -yé and accent shift > Proto-Italic *-āō.
Cognate with Proto-Germanic *-ōną (referring to the whole conjugation in which the infinitive is *-ōną), Ancient Greek -άω (-áō, contracted verb), Proto-Celtic *-āti, Sanskrit -आयति (-ā́yati) and Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei (whence the infinite Proto-Slavic *-ati, referring again to the whole conjugation).

cog

dōnom (“gift”) + *-āō → *dōnāō (“to give”)

proβwos (“correct, proper”) + *-āō → *proβwāō (“to approve”, literally “to make correct”)


nizdos

nizdos (nominative singular)
nizdōs (nominative plural)
nizdoi (nominative plural)
nizde (singular vocative)
nizdōs (plural vocative)
nizdoi (plural vocative)
nizdom (accusative singular)
nizdons (accusative plural)
nizdosjo (genitive singular)
nizdī (genitive singular)
nizdom (genitive plural)
nizdōi (dative singular)
nizdois (dative plural)
nizdōd (ablative singular)
nizdois (ablative plural)
nizdei (locative singular)
nizdois (locative plural)

Latin: nīdus (see there for further descendants)


breɣʷis

head

*breɣʷis (comparative *breɣʷjōs, superlative *breɣʷisemos)

breɣʷjōs (comparative)
breɣʷisemos (superlative)
breɣʷis (masculine nominative singular)
breɣʷis (feminine nominative singular)
breɣʷe (neuter nominative singular)
breɣʷis (masculine singular vocative)
breɣʷis (feminine singular vocative)
breɣʷe (neuter singular vocative)
breɣʷim (accusative masculine singular)
breɣʷim (accusative feminine singular)
breɣʷe (accusative neuter singular)
breɣʷeis (genitive masculine singular)
breɣʷeis (feminine genitive singular)
breɣʷjes (genitive neuter singular)
breɣʷei (dative masculine singular)
breɣʷei (dative feminine singular)
breɣʷei (dative neuter singular)
breɣʷīd (ablative masculine singular)
breɣʷīd (ablative feminine singular)
breɣʷīd (ablative neuter singular)
breɣʷei (locative masculine singular)
breɣʷei (feminine locative singular)
breɣʷei (locative neuter singular)
breɣʷēs (masculine nominative plural)
breɣʷēs (feminine nominative plural)
breɣʷjā (neuter nominative plural)
breɣʷēs (masculine plural vocative)
breɣʷēs (feminine plural vocative)
breɣʷjā (neuter plural vocative)
breɣʷins (accusative masculine plural)
breɣʷins (accusative feminine plural)
breɣʷjā (accusative neuter plural)
breɣʷjom (genitive masculine plural)
breɣʷjom (feminine genitive plural)
breɣʷjom (genitive neuter plural)
breɣʷiβos (dative masculine plural)
breɣʷiβos (dative feminine plural)
breɣʷiβos (dative neuter plural)
breɣʷiβos (ablative masculine plural)
breɣʷiβos (ablative feminine plural)
breɣʷiβos (ablative neuter plural)
breɣʷiβos (locative masculine plural)
breɣʷiβos (feminine locative plural)
breɣʷiβos (locative neuter plural)

Latin: brevis (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *mréǵʰus, with declension shift from *u-stem to *i-stem.


aeznos

aeznos (masculine nominative singular)
aeznā (feminine nominative singular)
aeznom (neuter nominative singular)
aezne (masculine singular vocative)
aezna (feminine singular vocative)
aeznom (neuter singular vocative)
aeznom (accusative masculine singular)
aeznam (accusative feminine singular)
aeznom (accusative neuter singular)
aeznosjo (genitive masculine singular)
aeznī (genitive masculine singular)
aeznās (feminine genitive singular)
aeznosjo (genitive neuter singular)
aeznī (genitive neuter singular)
aeznōi (dative masculine singular)
aeznāi (dative feminine singular)
aeznōi (dative neuter singular)
aeznōd (ablative masculine singular)
aeznād (ablative feminine singular)
aeznōd (ablative neuter singular)
aeznei (locative masculine singular)
aeznāi (feminine locative singular)
aeznei (locative neuter singular)
aeznōs (masculine nominative plural)
aeznoi (masculine nominative plural)
aeznās (feminine nominative plural)
aeznā (neuter nominative plural)
aeznōs (masculine plural vocative)
aeznoi (masculine plural vocative)
aeznās (feminine plural vocative)
aeznā (neuter plural vocative)
aeznons (accusative masculine plural)
aeznans (accusative feminine plural)
aeznā (accusative neuter plural)
aeznom (genitive masculine plural)
aeznāzōm (feminine genitive plural)
aeznom (genitive neuter plural)
aeznois (dative masculine plural)
aeznais (dative feminine plural)
aeznois (dative neuter plural)
aeznois (ablative masculine plural)
aeznais (ablative feminine plural)
aeznois (ablative neuter plural)
aeznois (locative masculine plural)
aeznais (feminine locative plural)
aeznois (locative neuter plural)

Latin: aēnus, ahēnus

Osco-Umbrian:

desc

Oscan: αιζνιω (aizniō, accusative neuter plural)

Umbrian: 𐌀𐌇𐌄𐌔𐌍𐌄𐌔 (ahesnes, ablative plural)

From earlier *ajes-nos, from Proto-Indo-European *áyos.


nosteros

nosteros (masculine nominative singular)
nosterā (feminine nominative singular)
nosterom (neuter nominative singular)
nostere (masculine singular vocative)
nostera (feminine singular vocative)
nosterom (neuter singular vocative)
nosterom (accusative masculine singular)
nosteram (accusative feminine singular)
nosterom (accusative neuter singular)
nosterosjo (genitive masculine singular)
nosterī (genitive masculine singular)
nosterās (feminine genitive singular)
nosterosjo (genitive neuter singular)
nosterī (genitive neuter singular)
nosterōi (dative masculine singular)
nosterāi (dative feminine singular)
nosterōi (dative neuter singular)
nosterōd (ablative masculine singular)
nosterād (ablative feminine singular)
nosterōd (ablative neuter singular)
nosterei (locative masculine singular)
nosterāi (feminine locative singular)
nosterei (locative neuter singular)
nosterōs (masculine nominative plural)
nosteroi (masculine nominative plural)
nosterās (feminine nominative plural)
nosterā (neuter nominative plural)
nosterōs (masculine plural vocative)
nosteroi (masculine plural vocative)
nosterās (feminine plural vocative)
nosterā (neuter plural vocative)
nosterons (accusative masculine plural)
nosterans (accusative feminine plural)
nosterā (accusative neuter plural)
nosterom (genitive masculine plural)
nosterāzōm (feminine genitive plural)
nosterom (genitive neuter plural)
nosterois (dative masculine plural)
nosterais (dative feminine plural)
nosterois (dative neuter plural)
nosterois (ablative masculine plural)
nosterais (ablative feminine plural)
nosterois (ablative neuter plural)
nosterois (locative masculine plural)
nosterais (feminine locative plural)
nosterois (locative neuter plural)
egō (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
tū (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
mē (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
tē (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sē (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mei (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
tei (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
sei (genitive personal pronoun reflexive singular)
meɣei (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
teβei (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
seβei (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
med (ablative first-person personal pronoun singular)
ted (ablative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sed (ablative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
meos (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
towos (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
sowos (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular)
nōs (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
wōs (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
nōs (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
wōs (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
nosterom (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
westerom (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
nōβei (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
wōβei (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
nōβei (ablative first-person personal plural pronoun)
wōβei (ablative personal plural pronoun second-person)
nosteros (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
westeros (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)

Latin: noster (see there for further descendants)


towos

towos (masculine nominative singular)
towā (feminine nominative singular)
towom (neuter nominative singular)
towe (masculine singular vocative)
towa (feminine singular vocative)
towom (neuter singular vocative)
towom (accusative masculine singular)
towam (accusative feminine singular)
towom (accusative neuter singular)
towosjo (genitive masculine singular)
towī (genitive masculine singular)
towās (feminine genitive singular)
towosjo (genitive neuter singular)
towī (genitive neuter singular)
towōi (dative masculine singular)
towāi (dative feminine singular)
towōi (dative neuter singular)
towōd (ablative masculine singular)
towād (ablative feminine singular)
towōd (ablative neuter singular)
towei (locative masculine singular)
towāi (feminine locative singular)
towei (locative neuter singular)
towōs (masculine nominative plural)
towoi (masculine nominative plural)
towās (feminine nominative plural)
towā (neuter nominative plural)
towōs (masculine plural vocative)
towoi (masculine plural vocative)
towās (feminine plural vocative)
towā (neuter plural vocative)
towons (accusative masculine plural)
towans (accusative feminine plural)
towā (accusative neuter plural)
towom (genitive masculine plural)
towāzōm (feminine genitive plural)
towom (genitive neuter plural)
towois (dative masculine plural)
towais (dative feminine plural)
towois (dative neuter plural)
towois (ablative masculine plural)
towais (ablative feminine plural)
towois (ablative neuter plural)
towois (locative masculine plural)
towais (feminine locative plural)
towois (locative neuter plural)
egō (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
tū (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
mē (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
tē (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sē (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mei (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
tei (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
sei (genitive personal pronoun reflexive singular)
meɣei (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
teβei (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
seβei (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
med (ablative first-person personal pronoun singular)
ted (ablative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sed (ablative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
meos (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
towos (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
sowos (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular)
nōs (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
wōs (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
nōs (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
wōs (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
nosterom (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
westerom (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
nōβei (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
wōβei (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
nōβei (ablative first-person personal plural pronoun)
wōβei (ablative personal plural pronoun second-person)
nosteros (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
westeros (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)

Latin: tuus

Oscan: 𐌕𐌖𐌅𐌀𐌉 (tuvai, nom. pl. fem.)

Umbrian: touer, tuer (gen. sg. m.), tuua, tua (nom. sg. f.)


sowos

sowos (masculine nominative singular)
sowā (feminine nominative singular)
sowom (neuter nominative singular)
sowe (masculine singular vocative)
sowa (feminine singular vocative)
sowom (neuter singular vocative)
sowom (accusative masculine singular)
sowam (accusative feminine singular)
sowom (accusative neuter singular)
sowosjo (genitive masculine singular)
sowī (genitive masculine singular)
sowās (feminine genitive singular)
sowosjo (genitive neuter singular)
sowī (genitive neuter singular)
sowōi (dative masculine singular)
sowāi (dative feminine singular)
sowōi (dative neuter singular)
sowōd (ablative masculine singular)
sowād (ablative feminine singular)
sowōd (ablative neuter singular)
sowei (locative masculine singular)
sowāi (feminine locative singular)
sowei (locative neuter singular)
sowōs (masculine nominative plural)
sowoi (masculine nominative plural)
sowās (feminine nominative plural)
sowā (neuter nominative plural)
sowōs (masculine plural vocative)
sowoi (masculine plural vocative)
sowās (feminine plural vocative)
sowā (neuter plural vocative)
sowons (accusative masculine plural)
sowans (accusative feminine plural)
sowā (accusative neuter plural)
sowom (genitive masculine plural)
sowāzōm (feminine genitive plural)
sowom (genitive neuter plural)
sowois (dative masculine plural)
sowais (dative feminine plural)
sowois (dative neuter plural)
sowois (ablative masculine plural)
sowais (ablative feminine plural)
sowois (ablative neuter plural)
sowois (locative masculine plural)
sowais (feminine locative plural)
sowois (locative neuter plural)
egō (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
tū (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
mē (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
tē (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sē (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mei (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
tei (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
sei (genitive personal pronoun reflexive singular)
meɣei (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
teβei (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
seβei (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
med (ablative first-person personal pronoun singular)
ted (ablative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sed (ablative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
meos (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
towos (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
sowos (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular)
nōs (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
wōs (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
nōs (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
wōs (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
nosterom (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
westerom (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
nōβei (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
wōβei (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
nōβei (ablative first-person personal plural pronoun)
wōβei (ablative personal plural pronoun second-person)
nosteros (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
westeros (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)

Latin: suus

Oscan: suveís

From Proto-Indo-European *sewos, from *swé (“self”).

his, her, its, their (own); third-person reflexive possessive


westeros

westeros (masculine nominative singular)
westerā (feminine nominative singular)
westerom (neuter nominative singular)
westere (masculine singular vocative)
westera (feminine singular vocative)
westerom (neuter singular vocative)
westerom (accusative masculine singular)
westeram (accusative feminine singular)
westerom (accusative neuter singular)
westerosjo (genitive masculine singular)
westerī (genitive masculine singular)
westerās (feminine genitive singular)
westerosjo (genitive neuter singular)
westerī (genitive neuter singular)
westerōi (dative masculine singular)
westerāi (dative feminine singular)
westerōi (dative neuter singular)
westerōd (ablative masculine singular)
westerād (ablative feminine singular)
westerōd (ablative neuter singular)
westerei (locative masculine singular)
westerāi (feminine locative singular)
westerei (locative neuter singular)
westerōs (masculine nominative plural)
westeroi (masculine nominative plural)
westerās (feminine nominative plural)
westerā (neuter nominative plural)
westerōs (masculine plural vocative)
westeroi (masculine plural vocative)
westerās (feminine plural vocative)
westerā (neuter plural vocative)
westerons (accusative masculine plural)
westerans (accusative feminine plural)
westerā (accusative neuter plural)
westerom (genitive masculine plural)
westerāzōm (feminine genitive plural)
westerom (genitive neuter plural)
westerois (dative masculine plural)
westerais (dative feminine plural)
westerois (dative neuter plural)
westerois (ablative masculine plural)
westerais (ablative feminine plural)
westerois (ablative neuter plural)
westerois (locative masculine plural)
westerais (feminine locative plural)
westerois (locative neuter plural)
egō (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
tū (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
mē (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
tē (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sē (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
mei (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
tei (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
sei (genitive personal pronoun reflexive singular)
meɣei (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
teβei (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
seβei (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
med (ablative first-person personal pronoun singular)
ted (ablative personal pronoun second-person singular)
sed (ablative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
meos (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
towos (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
sowos (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular)
nōs (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
wōs (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
nōs (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
wōs (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
nosterom (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
westerom (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
nōβei (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
wōβei (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
nōβei (ablative first-person personal plural pronoun)
wōβei (ablative personal plural pronoun second-person)
nosteros (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
westeros (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)

Latin: vester, voster

Umbrian: vestra (abl. sg. f.)

From Proto-Indo-European *wos (enclitic) (from *túh₂) + contrastive *-teros.


gnātjō

gnātjō (nominative singular)
gnātīnes (nominative plural)
gnātjō (singular vocative)
gnātīnes (plural vocative)
gnātīnem (accusative singular)
gnātīnens (accusative plural)
gnātīnes (genitive singular)
gnātīnos (genitive singular)
gnātīnom (genitive plural)
gnātīnei (dative singular)
gnātīnβos (dative plural)
gnātīni? gnātīne? (ablative singular)
gnātīnβos (ablative plural)
gnātīni? gnātīne? (locative singular)
gnātīnβos (locative plural)

Latin: nātiō (see there for further descendants)

Umbrian: 𐌍𐌀𐌕𐌉𐌍𐌄 (natine) (ablative singular)

Extended from *gnātis, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis.


petnā

petnā (nominative singular)
petnās (nominative plural)
petna (singular vocative)
petnās (plural vocative)
petnam (accusative singular)
petnans (accusative plural)
petnās (genitive singular)
petnāzom (genitive plural)
petnāi (dative singular)
petnais (dative plural)
petnād (ablative singular)
petnais (ablative plural)
petnāi (locative singular)
petnais (locative plural)

Latin: penna

From Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”). The oblique stem of the original noun was extended with ā-stem endings; compare Proto-Germanic *feþrō (“feather”), which was similarly extended, but from the nominative stem.
The original PIE nominative stem is preserved in Latin accipiter from *aku-peter (literally “sharp wing, keen wing”).


kaikos

kaikos (masculine nominative singular)
kaikā (feminine nominative singular)
kaikom (neuter nominative singular)
kaike (masculine singular vocative)
kaika (feminine singular vocative)
kaikom (neuter singular vocative)
kaikom (accusative masculine singular)
kaikam (accusative feminine singular)
kaikom (accusative neuter singular)
kaikosjo (genitive masculine singular)
kaikī (genitive masculine singular)
kaikās (feminine genitive singular)
kaikosjo (genitive neuter singular)
kaikī (genitive neuter singular)
kaikōi (dative masculine singular)
kaikāi (dative feminine singular)
kaikōi (dative neuter singular)
kaikōd (ablative masculine singular)
kaikād (ablative feminine singular)
kaikōd (ablative neuter singular)
kaikei (locative masculine singular)
kaikāi (feminine locative singular)
kaikei (locative neuter singular)
kaikōs (masculine nominative plural)
kaikoi (masculine nominative plural)
kaikās (feminine nominative plural)
kaikā (neuter nominative plural)
kaikōs (masculine plural vocative)
kaikoi (masculine plural vocative)
kaikās (feminine plural vocative)
kaikā (neuter plural vocative)
kaikons (accusative masculine plural)
kaikans (accusative feminine plural)
kaikā (accusative neuter plural)
kaikom (genitive masculine plural)
kaikāzōm (feminine genitive plural)
kaikom (genitive neuter plural)
kaikois (dative masculine plural)
kaikais (dative feminine plural)
kaikois (dative neuter plural)
kaikois (ablative masculine plural)
kaikais (ablative feminine plural)
kaikois (ablative neuter plural)
kaikois (locative masculine plural)
kaikais (feminine locative plural)
kaikois (locative neuter plural)

Latin: caecus


-īnos

-īnos (masculine nominative singular)
-īnā (feminine nominative singular)
-īnom (neuter nominative singular)
-īne (masculine singular vocative)
-īna (feminine singular vocative)
-īnom (neuter singular vocative)
-īnom (accusative masculine singular)
-īnam (accusative feminine singular)
-īnom (accusative neuter singular)
-īnosjo (genitive masculine singular)
-īnī (genitive masculine singular)
-īnās (feminine genitive singular)
-īnosjo (genitive neuter singular)
-īnī (genitive neuter singular)
-īnōi (dative masculine singular)
-īnāi (dative feminine singular)
-īnōi (dative neuter singular)
-īnōd (ablative masculine singular)
-īnād (ablative feminine singular)
-īnōd (ablative neuter singular)
-īnei (locative masculine singular)
-īnāi (feminine locative singular)
-īnei (locative neuter singular)
-īnōs (masculine nominative plural)
-īnoi (masculine nominative plural)
-īnās (feminine nominative plural)
-īnā (neuter nominative plural)
-īnōs (masculine plural vocative)
-īnoi (masculine plural vocative)
-īnās (feminine plural vocative)
-īnā (neuter plural vocative)
-īnons (accusative masculine plural)
-īnans (accusative feminine plural)
-īnā (accusative neuter plural)
-īnom (genitive masculine plural)
-īnāzōm (feminine genitive plural)
-īnom (genitive neuter plural)
-īnois (dative masculine plural)
-īnais (dative feminine plural)
-īnois (dative neuter plural)
-īnois (ablative masculine plural)
-īnais (ablative feminine plural)
-īnois (ablative neuter plural)
-īnois (locative masculine plural)
-īnais (feminine locative plural)
-īnois (locative neuter plural)

Latin: -īnus (of or pertaining to; -ine; usually indicates a relationship of position, possession, or origin) (see there for further descendants)


folgos

folgos (nominative singular)
folgezā (nominative plural)
folgos (singular vocative)
folgezā (plural vocative)
folgos (accusative singular)
folgezā (accusative plural)
folgezes (genitive singular)
folgezos (genitive singular)
folgezom (genitive plural)
folgezei (dative singular)
folgezβos (dative plural)
folgezi? folgeze? (ablative singular)
folgezβos (ablative plural)
folgezi? folgeze? (locative singular)
folgezβos (locative plural)

Latin: fulgur

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰel-g-e-, from *bʰel- (“shiny”). See also Proto-Germanic *blaikaz, Ancient Greek φλόξ (phlóx, “flame”).


akris

head

*akris (comparative *akrjōs, superlative *akrisemos)

akrjōs (comparative)
akrisemos (superlative)
akris (masculine nominative singular)
akris (feminine nominative singular)
akre (neuter nominative singular)
akris (masculine singular vocative)
akris (feminine singular vocative)
akre (neuter singular vocative)
akrim (accusative masculine singular)
akrim (accusative feminine singular)
akre (accusative neuter singular)
akreis (genitive masculine singular)
akreis (feminine genitive singular)
akrjes (genitive neuter singular)
akrei (dative masculine singular)
akrei (dative feminine singular)
akrei (dative neuter singular)
akrīd (ablative masculine singular)
akrīd (ablative feminine singular)
akrīd (ablative neuter singular)
akrei (locative masculine singular)
akrei (feminine locative singular)
akrei (locative neuter singular)
akrēs (masculine nominative plural)
akrēs (feminine nominative plural)
akrjā (neuter nominative plural)
akrēs (masculine plural vocative)
akrēs (feminine plural vocative)
akrjā (neuter plural vocative)
akrins (accusative masculine plural)
akrins (accusative feminine plural)
akrjā (accusative neuter plural)
akrjom (genitive masculine plural)
akrjom (feminine genitive plural)
akrjom (genitive neuter plural)
akriβos (dative masculine plural)
akriβos (dative feminine plural)
akriβos (dative neuter plural)
akriβos (ablative masculine plural)
akriβos (ablative feminine plural)
akriβos (ablative neuter plural)
akriβos (locative masculine plural)
akriβos (feminine locative plural)
akriβos (locative neuter plural)

desc

Latin: ācer (with irregular lengthening of the vowel) (see there for further descendants)

Oscan: akrid (“sharply”, abl.sg.)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱrós, with an unexpected change to i-stem declension.


fūmos

fūmos (nominative singular)
fūmōs (nominative plural)
fūmoi (nominative plural)
fūme (singular vocative)
fūmōs (plural vocative)
fūmoi (plural vocative)
fūmom (accusative singular)
fūmons (accusative plural)
fūmosjo (genitive singular)
fūmī (genitive singular)
fūmom (genitive plural)
fūmōi (dative singular)
fūmois (dative plural)
fūmōd (ablative singular)
fūmois (ablative plural)
fūmei (locative singular)
fūmois (locative plural)

Latin: fūmus (see there for further descendants)

From earlier *θūmos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós. Cognates include Ancient Greek θυμός (thumós), Sanskrit धूम (dhūmá) and Old Church Slavonic дꙑмъ (dymŭ), English dust.


swai

Oscan: 𐌔𐌅𐌀𐌝 (svaí), 𐌔𐌅𐌀𐌉 (svai), suae

South Picene: 𐌔𐌖𐌀𐌉 (suai)

Umbrian: 𐌔𐌅𐌄 (sve), sue

From an innovated thematic feminine locative singular of Proto-Indo-European *swé.


jekʷor

jekʷor (nominative singular)
jekʷenā (nominative plural)
jekʷor (singular vocative)
jekʷenā (plural vocative)
jekʷor (accusative singular)
jekʷenā (accusative plural)
jekʷenes (genitive singular)
jekʷenos (genitive singular)
jekʷenom (genitive plural)
jekʷenei (dative singular)
jekʷenβos (dative plural)
jekʷeni? jekʷene? (ablative singular)
jekʷenβos (ablative plural)
jekʷeni? jekʷene? (locative singular)
jekʷenβos (locative plural)

Latin: iecur, iocur


memonai

head

*memonai first-singular present indicative

memonai (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
memonistai? (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
memonei (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
memonme? (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
memone (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
memonēri (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
mementōd (active future imperative)

Latin: meminī

From Proto-Indo-European *memóne, from *men-.


rowos

rowos (nominative singular)
rowezā (nominative plural)
rowos (singular vocative)
rowezā (plural vocative)
rowos (accusative singular)
rowezā (accusative plural)
rowezes (genitive singular)
rowezos (genitive singular)
rowezom (genitive plural)
rowezei (dative singular)
rowezβos (dative plural)
rowezi? roweze? (ablative singular)
rowezβos (ablative plural)
rowezi? roweze? (locative singular)
rowezβos (locative plural)

Latin: rūs

From Proto-Indo-European *rewh₁os, from *rewh₁- (“open space, field”). Cognate with Old Irish róe (“flat field”), Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬵- (rauuah-, “open space”), English room.


medēōr

*medēōr first-singular present indicative

medēōr (active first-person indicative present singular)
medēzo (active indicative present second-person singular)
medētor (active indicative present singular third-person)
medēmor (active first-person indicative plural present)
medēm(e?)n (active indicative plural present second-person)
medēntor (active indicative plural present third-person)
medēār (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
medēāzo (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
medēātor (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
medēāmor (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
medēām(e?)n (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
medēāntor (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
medēzo (active imperative present second-person singular)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
medēnts (present)
medatum (tu-derivative)
medēzi (s-derivative)

Latin: medeor


louks

louks (nominative singular)
loukes (nominative plural)
louks (singular vocative)
loukes (plural vocative)
loukem (accusative singular)
loukens (accusative plural)
loukes (genitive singular)
loukos (genitive singular)
loukom (genitive plural)
loukei (dative singular)
loukβos (dative plural)
louki? louke? (ablative singular)
loukβos (ablative plural)
louki? louke? (locative singular)
loukβos (locative plural)

Latin: lūx

Oscan: luc


neks

neks (nominative singular)
nekes (nominative plural)
neks (singular vocative)
nekes (plural vocative)
nekem (accusative singular)
nekens (accusative plural)
nekes (genitive singular)
nekos (genitive singular)
nekom (genitive plural)
nekei (dative singular)
nekβos (dative plural)
neki? neke? (ablative singular)
nekβos (ablative plural)
neki? neke? (locative singular)
nekβos (locative plural)

Latin: nex

From Proto-Indo-European *neḱs (“death”), from the root *neḱ- (“to perish, disappear”).


fāōr

fāōr first-singular present indicative (canonical)
fāōr (active first-person indicative present singular)
fāzo (active indicative present second-person singular)
fātor (active indicative present singular third-person)
fāmor (active first-person indicative plural present)
fām(e?)n (active indicative plural present second-person)
fāntor (active indicative plural present third-person)
fāēr? (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
fāēzo? (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
fāētor? (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
fāēmor? (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
fāēm(e?)n(ai?)? (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
fāēntor? (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
fāzo (active imperative present second-person singular)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
fānts (present)
fatos (past)
fatum (tu-derivative)
fāzi (s-derivative)

Latin: for

Oscan: faamat (3s.pr)

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰéh₂ti. The deponency's origin is unclear.


domaō

*domaō first-singular present indicative

domaō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
domaō (active first-person indicative present singular)
domaōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
domās (active indicative present second-person singular)
domāzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
domāt (active indicative present singular third-person)
domātor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
domāmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
domāmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
domātes (active indicative plural present second-person)
domām(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
domaont (active indicative plural present third-person)
domaontor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
domaēm? (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
domaēr? (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
domaēs? (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
domaēzo? (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
domaēd? (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
domaētor? (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
domaēmos? (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
domaēmor? (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
domaētes? (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
domaēm(e?)n(ai?)? (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
domaēnd? (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
domaēntor? (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
domā (active imperative present second-person singular)
domāzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
domāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
domātōd (active future imperative)
domānts (present)
domatos (past)
domatum (tu-derivative)
domazi (s-derivative)

Latin: domō (see there for further descendants)

From earlier *domajō, from Proto-Indo-European *domh₂-éye-ti, a causative *-éyeti formation from Proto-Indo-European *demh₂-.


nēō

nēō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
nēō (active first-person indicative present singular)
nēōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
nēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
nēzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
nēt (active indicative present singular third-person)
nētor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
nēmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
nēmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
nētes (active indicative plural present second-person)
nēm(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
nēnt (active indicative plural present third-person)
nēntor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
nēām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
nēār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
nēās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
nēāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
nēād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
nēātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
nēāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
nēāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
nēātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
nēām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
nēānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
nēāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
nē (active imperative present second-person singular)
nēzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
nēte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
nētōd (active future imperative)
nēnts (present)
nētos (past)
nētum (tu-derivative)
nēzi (s-derivative)

Latin: neō

From earlier *nējō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)neh₁-.


flēō

flēō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
flēō (active first-person indicative present singular)
flēōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
flēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
flēzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
flēt (active indicative present singular third-person)
flētor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
flēmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
flēmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
flētes (active indicative plural present second-person)
flēm(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
flēnt (active indicative plural present third-person)
flēntor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
flēām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
flēār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
flēās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
flēāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
flēād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
flēātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
flēāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
flēāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
flēātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
flēām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
flēānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
flēāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
flē (active imperative present second-person singular)
flēzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
flēte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
flētōd (active future imperative)
flēnts (present)
flētos (past)
flētum (tu-derivative)
flēzi (s-derivative)

Latin: fleō

From earlier *flējō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰléh₁-ye-ti, from *bʰleh₁- (“to bleat, cry”).


sekʷōr

*sekʷōr first-singular present indicative

sekʷōr (active first-person indicative present singular)
sekʷezo (active indicative present second-person singular)
sekʷetor (active indicative present singular third-person)
sekʷomor (active first-person indicative plural present)
sekʷem(e?)n (active indicative plural present second-person)
sekʷontor (active indicative plural present third-person)
sekʷār (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
sekʷāzo (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
sekʷātor (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
sekʷāmor (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
sekʷām(e?)n (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
sekʷāntor (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
sekʷezo (active imperative present second-person singular)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
sekʷents (present)
sekʷezi (s-derivative)

Latin: sequor (see there for further descendants)


snāō

snāō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
snāō (active first-person indicative present singular)
snāōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
snās (active indicative present second-person singular)
snāzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
snāt (active indicative present singular third-person)
snātor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
snāmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
snāmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
snātes (active indicative plural present second-person)
snām(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
snānt (active indicative plural present third-person)
snāntor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
snāēm? (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
snāēr? (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
snāēs? (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
snāēzo? (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
snāēd? (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
snāētor? (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
snāēmos? (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
snāēmor? (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
snāētes? (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
snāēm(e?)n(ai?)? (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
snāēnd? (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
snāēntor? (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
snā (active imperative present second-person singular)
snāzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
snāte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
snātōd (active future imperative)
snānts (present)
snatos (past)
snatum (tu-derivative)
snāzi (s-derivative)

Latin: nō

desc

Umbrian: 𐌔𐌍𐌀𐌕𐌀 (snata, past part. acc. pl. neuter), 𐌔𐌍𐌀𐌕𐌖 (snatu, past part. acc. pl. neut.), 𐌔𐌍𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌔 (snates, past part. abl. pl. neut.)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)neh₂- (“to swim”) plus suffix *-yé-ti.


gnāskōr

head

*gnāskōr first-singular present indicative

gnāskōr (active first-person indicative present singular)
gnāskezo (active indicative present second-person singular)
gnāsketor (active indicative present singular third-person)
gnāskomor (active first-person indicative plural present)
gnāskem(e?)n (active indicative plural present second-person)
gnāskontor (active indicative plural present third-person)
gnāskār (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
gnāskāzo (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
gnāskātor (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
gnāskāmor (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
gnāskām(e?)n (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
gnāskāntor (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
gnāskezo (active imperative present second-person singular)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
gnāskents (present)
gnātos (past)
gnātum (tu-derivative)
gnāskezi (s-derivative)

Latin: nāscor, nātūra


pendēō

*pendēō first-singular present indicative

pendēō (active first-person indicative present singular)
pendēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
pendēt (active indicative present singular third-person)
pendēmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
pendētes (active indicative plural present second-person)
pendēnt (active indicative plural present third-person)
pendēām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
pendēās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
pendēād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
pendēāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
pendēātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
pendēānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
pepondai (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
pepondistai (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
peponde (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
peponded (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
pepondomos (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
pepondistes (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
pepondēri (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
pendē (active imperative present second-person singular)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
pendēnts (present)
pendēzi (s-derivative)

Latin: pendeō (see there for further descendants)

From earlier *pendējō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pn̥d-éh₁ye-ti, from *(s)pend- (“to stretch, pull, draw”).


jakēō

*jakēō first-singular present indicative

jakēō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
jakēō (active first-person indicative present singular)
jakēōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
jakēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
jakēzo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
jakēt (active indicative present singular third-person)
jakētor (indicative passive present singular third-person)
jakēmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
jakēmor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
jakētes (active indicative plural present second-person)
jakēm(e?)n (indicative passive plural present second-person)
jakēnt (active indicative plural present third-person)
jakēntor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
jakēām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
jakēār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
jakēās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
jakēāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
jakēād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
jakēātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
jakēāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
jakēāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
jakēātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
jakēām(e?)n (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
jakēānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
jakēāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
jakē (active imperative present second-person singular)
jakēzo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
jakēte (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
jakētōd (active future imperative)
jakēnts (present)
jakatos (past)
jakatum (tu-derivative)
jakēzi (s-derivative)

Latin: iaceō

From earlier *jakējō, from Proto-Indo-European *(H)yeh₁-, cognate with Ancient Greek ἵημι (híēmi).


pelnō

*pelnō first-singular present indicative

pelnō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
pelnō (active first-person indicative present singular)
pelnōr (first-person indicative passive present singular)
pelnas (active indicative present second-person singular)
pelnazo (indicative passive present second-person singular)
pelnat (active indicative present singular third-person)
pelnator (indicative passive present singular third-person)
pelnamos (active first-person indicative plural present)
pelnamor (first-person indicative passive plural present)
pelnates (active indicative plural present second-person)
pelnent (active indicative plural present third-person)
pelnentor (indicative passive plural present third-person)
pelnām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
pelnār (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
pelnās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
pelnāzo (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
pelnād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
pelnātor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
pelnāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
pelnāmor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
pelnātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
pelnānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
pelnāntor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
pepolai (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
pepolistai? (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
pepolei (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
pepolme? (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
pepole (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
pepolēri (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
pelna (active imperative present second-person singular)
pelnazo (imperative passive present second-person singular)
pelnate (active imperative plural present second-person)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
pelnatōd (active future imperative)
pelnants (present)
poltos (past)
poltus (tu-derivative)
pelnazi (s-derivative)

Latin: pellō

desc

Umbrian: 𐌀𐌌𐌐𐌄𐌍𐌕𐌖 (ampentu), 𐌀𐌐𐌄𐌍𐌕𐌖 (apentu), 𐌀𐌌𐌐𐌄𐌕𐌖 (ampetu) (3rd singular imperative), 𐌀𐌍𐌐𐌄𐌍𐌄𐌔 (anpenes) (3rd singular future indicative), 𐌀𐌐𐌄𐌋𐌖𐌔𐌕 (apelust), 𐌀𐌐𐌄𐌋𐌖𐌔 (apelus) (3rd singular future perfect)

Venetic: 𐌐𐌏𐌋𐌕𐌏𐌔 (poltos) (past passive participle)

From Proto-Indo-European *pl̥-né-h₂-ti ~ *pl̥-n-h₂-énti, from *pelh₂- (“to approach”) + *-né-.


dekēō

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*dekēō first-singular present indicative

dekēō first-singular present indicative (canonical)
dekēō (active first-person indicative present singular)
dekēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
dekēt (active indicative present singular third-person)
dekēmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
dekētes (active indicative plural present second-person)
dekēnt (active indicative plural present third-person)
dekēām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
dekēās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
dekēād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
dekēāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
dekēātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
dekēānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
dekēwai (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
dekēwistai (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
dekēwe (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
dekēwed (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
dekēwomos (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
dekēwistes (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
dekēwēri (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
dekē (active imperative present second-person singular)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
dekēnts (present)
dekēzi (s-derivative)

Latin: decet (see there for further descendants)

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Umbrian: 𐌕𐌉𐌜𐌉𐌕 (tiçit, 3rd singular present indicative)

From earlier *dekējō, from Proto-Indo-European *dḱeh₁yéti, from *deḱ- (“take, perceive”).


oitōr

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*oitōr first-singular present indicative

oitōr first-singular present indicative (canonical)
oitōr (active first-person indicative present singular)
oitezo (active indicative present second-person singular)
oitetor (active indicative present singular third-person)
oitomor (active first-person indicative plural present)
oitem(e?)n (active indicative plural present second-person)
oitontor (active indicative plural present third-person)
oitār (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
oitāzo (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
oitātor (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
oitāmor (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
oitām(e?)n (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
oitāntor (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
oitezo (active imperative present second-person singular)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
oitents (present)
oissos (past)
oissum (tu-derivative)
oitezi (s-derivative)

Latin: ūtor (see there for further descendants)

Paelignian: oisa (pp. abl. sg. f.)

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₃eyt- (“to take along, fetch”). Compare the future tense οἴσω (oísō) of Ancient Greek φέρω (phérō, “carry”), as well as Luwian [script needed] (hizza(i)-, “to fetch”).


loukēō

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*loukēō first-singular present indicative

loukēō (active first-person indicative present singular)
loukēs (active indicative present second-person singular)
loukēt (active indicative present singular third-person)
loukēmos (active first-person indicative plural present)
loukētes (active indicative plural present second-person)
loukēnt (active indicative plural present third-person)
loukēām (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
loukēās (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
loukēād (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
loukēāmos (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
loukēātes (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
loukēānd (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
louksai (active first-person indicative perfect singular)
louksistai (active indicative perfect second-person singular)
loukse (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
louksed (active indicative perfect singular third-person)
louksomos (active first-person indicative perfect plural)
louksistes (active indicative perfect plural second-person)
louksēri (active indicative perfect plural third-person)
loukē (active imperative present second-person singular)
2nd + 3rd sing. (future imperative plural second-person)
loukēnts (present)
loukēzi (s-derivative)

Old Latin: lūceō

Latin: lūceō (see there for further descendants)

From earlier *loukējō, from Proto-Indo-European stative *lewk-éh₁-ye-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright; to shine”). Cognate with *louks.