daywás

daywás (nominative singular)
daywā́(w) (dual nominative)
daywā́s (nominative plural)
daywā́sas (nominative plural)
dáywa (singular vocative)
dáywā (dual vocative)
dáywāw (dual vocative)
dáywās (plural vocative)
dáywāsas (plural vocative)
daywám (accusative singular)
daywā́(w) (accusative dual)
daywā́ns (accusative plural)
daywáH (instrumental singular)
daywáybʰyā (dual instrumental)
daywáybʰyām (dual instrumental)
daywā́yš (instrumental plural)
daywā́t (ablative singular)
daywáybʰyā (ablative dual)
daywáybʰyām (ablative dual)
daywáybʰyas (ablative plural)
daywā́y (dative singular)
daywáybʰyā (dative dual)
daywáybʰyām (dative dual)
daywáybʰyas (dative plural)
daywásya (genitive singular)
daywáyās (dual genitive)
daywā́naHam (genitive plural)
daywáy (locative singular)
daywáyaw (dual locative)
daywáyšu (locative plural)

desc

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *daywás (“god, deity”)

Sanskrit: देव (devá) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Iranian: *daywáh (“demon”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Nuristani: *dewá

Northern Nuristani:

Kamkata-viri:

Kamviri: dé

Kativiri: dé

Prasuni: lú

Southern Nuristani:

Ashkun: deí

Waigali: de

→ Proto-Finnic: *taivas (“sky”) (see there for further descendants)


Hyaȷ́nás

Hyaȷ́nás (nominative singular)
Hyaȷ́nā́s (nominative plural)
Hyaȷ́nā́sas (nominative plural)
Hyaȷ́nās (plural vocative)
Hyaȷ́nāsas (plural vocative)
Hyaȷ́nám (accusative singular)
Hyaȷ́náH (instrumental singular)
Hyaȷ́násya (genitive singular)
Hyaȷ́náyās (dual genitive)
Hyaȷ́náy (locative singular)

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hyaȷ́nás

Sanskrit: यज्ञ (yajñá) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Iranian: *Hyajnáh (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁yaǵ-nós, from *h₁yaǵ- (“to sacrifice, worship”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἁγνός (hagnós).


átʰarwā

átʰarwan- (stem)
átʰarwā (nominative singular)
átʰarwānā (dual nominative)
átʰarwānāw (dual nominative)
átʰarwānas (nominative plural)
átʰarwan (singular vocative)
átʰarwānā (dual vocative)
átʰarwānāw (dual vocative)
átʰarwānas (plural vocative)
átʰarwānam (accusative singular)
átʰarwānā (accusative dual)
átʰarwānāw (accusative dual)
átʰarunas (accusative plural)
átʰarunaH (instrumental singular)
átʰarwabʰyā (dual instrumental)
átʰarwabʰyām (dual instrumental)
átʰarwabʰiš (instrumental plural)
átʰarunas (ablative singular)
átʰarwabʰyā (ablative dual)
átʰarwabʰyām (ablative dual)
átʰarwabʰyaH (ablative plural)
átʰarunay (dative singular)
átʰarwabʰyā (dative dual)
átʰarwabʰyām (dative dual)
átʰarwabʰyaH (dative plural)
átʰarunas (genitive singular)
átʰarwaHās (dual genitive)
átʰarunaHam (genitive plural)
átʰarwani (locative singular)
átʰarwaHaw (dual locative)
átʰarwasu (locative plural)

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *átʰarwā

Sanskrit: अथर्वन् (átharvan)

Proto-Iranian: *áθarwā ~ *áθrawā

Avestan: 𐬁𐬚𐬭𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬥 (āθrauuan), 𐬀𐬚𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬥 (aθaᵘrun)

Middle Persian: ʾslwn' (āsrōn)


Hásuras

Hásuras (nominative singular)
Hásurās (nominative plural)
Hásurāsas (nominative plural)
Hásura (singular vocative)
Hásurās (plural vocative)
Hásurāsas (plural vocative)
Hásuram (accusative singular)
HásuraH (instrumental singular)
Hásurasya (genitive singular)
Hásurayās (dual genitive)
Hásuray (locative singular)

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hásuras

Sanskrit: असुर (ásura) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Iranian: *Háhurah

Avestan: 𐬀𐬵𐬎𐬭𐬀 (ahura, “lord”)

→ Proto-Uralic: *asera

Proto-Mordvinic: *azərə

Erzya: азоро (azoro, “lord”)

Moksha: азор (azor, “lord”)

Proto-Permic:

Komi-Zyrian: озыр (ozyr)

Udmurt: узыр (uzyr)

Proto-Ugric:

Proto-Mansi: *ātər

Northern Mansi: [script needed] (ōtər, “prince”)

>? Hungarian: úr (“lord”)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḿ̥suros, from *h₂ems- (“to engender, beget”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *ansuz (“god, deity”).


Yamás

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Yamás

Sanskrit: यम (yamá)

→ Japanese: 夜摩 (Yama)

Proto-Iranian: *Yamáh

Avestan: 𐬫𐬌𐬨𐬀 (yima)


mántras

mántras (nominative singular)
mántrā (dual nominative)
mántrāw (dual nominative)
mántrās (nominative plural)
mántrāsas (nominative plural)
mántra (singular vocative)
mántrā (dual vocative)
mántrāw (dual vocative)
mántrās (plural vocative)
mántrāsas (plural vocative)
mántram (accusative singular)
mántrā (accusative dual)
mántrāw (accusative dual)
mántrāns (accusative plural)
mántraH (instrumental singular)
mántraybʰyā (dual instrumental)
mántraybʰyām (dual instrumental)
mántrāyš (instrumental plural)
mántrāt (ablative singular)
mántraybʰyā (ablative dual)
mántraybʰyām (ablative dual)
mántraybʰyas (ablative plural)
mántrāy (dative singular)
mántraybʰyā (dative dual)
mántraybʰyām (dative dual)
mántraybʰyas (dative plural)
mántrasya (genitive singular)
mántrayās (dual genitive)
mántrānaHam (genitive plural)
mántray (locative singular)
mántrayaw (dual locative)
mántrayšu (locative plural)

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *mántras

Sanskrit: मन्त्र (mántra) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Iranian: *mánθrah

Avestan: 𐬨𐬄𐬚𐬭𐬀 m (mąθra)

→ Middle Persian: (/mānsᵃr/, “holy word, spell”)

Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (mʾnsl)

Wakhi: (/mutr/, “horoscope; omen”)

Arabic script: مؤتر

Cyrillic script: мутр (mutr)

Pashto: مرۍ (marə́j, “talisman;charm”)

Old Median: *mánθra

→ Old Persian: *𐎶𐎰𐎼 (*m-θ-r /*maⁿθra/)

Manichaean Middle Persian: 𐫖𐫍𐫡 (mhr /mahr/, “hymn”)

q

Dari: مار (mār, “think, spell”) (as a complex: بدمار (badmâr, “evil; sly (lit.) who has a bad spell or hymn”))

Parthian: (/mahr/, “hymn”)

Manichaean script: 𐫖𐫍𐫡 (mhr)

From *man- (“to think”, from Proto-Indo-European *men-) + *-tras (masculine variant of more common neuter *-tram, from Proto-Indo-European *-trom).

suf

from Proto-Indo-European <i class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">*men-</i>

Sogdian: (/mārkarē(k)/, “soothsayer”); Sogdian script

𐫖

Parthian: (/mahrīgar ~ mārigar/, “sorcerer, incantator”)

→ Old Armenian: մարգարէArmenian: մարգարե


ȷ́ʰáwtram

ȷ́ʰáwtram (nominative singular)
ȷ́ʰáwtray (dual nominative)
ȷ́ʰáwtraH (nominative plural)
ȷ́ʰáwtram (singular vocative)
ȷ́ʰáwtray (dual vocative)
ȷ́ʰáwtraH (plural vocative)
ȷ́ʰáwtram (accusative singular)
ȷ́ʰáwtray (accusative dual)
ȷ́ʰáwtraH (accusative plural)
ȷ́ʰáwtraH (instrumental singular)
ȷ́ʰáwtraybʰyā (dual instrumental)
ȷ́ʰáwtraybʰyām (dual instrumental)
ȷ́ʰáwtrāyš (instrumental plural)
ȷ́ʰáwtrāt (ablative singular)
ȷ́ʰáwtraybʰyā (ablative dual)
ȷ́ʰáwtraybʰyām (ablative dual)
ȷ́ʰáwtraybʰyas (ablative plural)
ȷ́ʰáwtrāy (dative singular)
ȷ́ʰáwtraybʰyā (dative dual)
ȷ́ʰáwtraybʰyām (dative dual)
ȷ́ʰáwtraybʰyas (dative plural)
ȷ́ʰáwtrasya (genitive singular)
ȷ́ʰáwtrayās (dual genitive)
ȷ́ʰáwtrānaHam (genitive plural)
ȷ́ʰáwtray (locative singular)
ȷ́ʰáwtrayaw (dual locative)
ȷ́ʰáwtrayšu (locative plural)

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰawtrám

Sanskrit: होत्र (hotrá)

Proto-Iranian: *jawθrám

Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬊𐬚𐬭𐬀 n (zaoθra)

→ Middle Persian: zwhl (zōhr)

Persian: زور (zowr)

Old Persian: *zauçám

Middle Persian:

Persian: ژون (žun, “idol”)

desc

→ Old Armenian: *զորհ (*zorh), զոհ (zoh)

→ Georgian: ზორვა (zorva)

→ Classical Syriac: ܙܘܬܪܐ (zauθrā)

>? Northern Kurdish: gorî (“victim”)

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéw-tro-m, from *ǵʰew- (“to pour”) + *-trom.

(religion) libation, offering, sacrifice


suHargás

suHargás (nominative singular)
suHargā́(w) (dual nominative)
suHargā́s (nominative plural)
suHargā́sas (nominative plural)
súHarga (singular vocative)
súHargā (dual vocative)
súHargāw (dual vocative)
súHargās (plural vocative)
súHargāsas (plural vocative)
suHargám (accusative singular)
suHargā́(w) (accusative dual)
suHargā́ns (accusative plural)
suHargáH (instrumental singular)
suHargáybʰyā (dual instrumental)
suHargáybʰyām (dual instrumental)
suHargā́yš (instrumental plural)
suHargā́t (ablative singular)
suHargáybʰyā (ablative dual)
suHargáybʰyām (ablative dual)
suHargáybʰyas (ablative plural)
suHargā́y (dative singular)
suHargáybʰyā (dative dual)
suHargáybʰyām (dative dual)
suHargáybʰyas (dative plural)
suHargásya (genitive singular)
suHargáyās (dual genitive)
suHargā́naHam (genitive plural)
suHargáy (locative singular)
suHargáyaw (dual locative)
suHargáyšu (locative plural)

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *suHargás

Sanskrit: स्वर्ग (svargá) (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *sh₂ul̥-gʷḿ̥-s, from *sóh₂wl̥ (“sun”) + *gʷem- (“to step, arrive”) + *-s.


bʰagás

bʰagás (nominative singular)
bʰagā́(w) (dual nominative)
bʰagā́s (nominative plural)
bʰagā́sas (nominative plural)
bʰága (singular vocative)
bʰágā (dual vocative)
bʰágāw (dual vocative)
bʰágās (plural vocative)
bʰágāsas (plural vocative)
bʰagám (accusative singular)
bʰagā́(w) (accusative dual)
bʰagā́ns (accusative plural)
bʰagáH (instrumental singular)
bʰagáybʰyā (dual instrumental)
bʰagáybʰyām (dual instrumental)
bʰagā́yš (instrumental plural)
bʰagā́t (ablative singular)
bʰagáybʰyā (ablative dual)
bʰagáybʰyām (ablative dual)
bʰagáybʰyas (ablative plural)
bʰagā́y (dative singular)
bʰagáybʰyā (dative dual)
bʰagáybʰyām (dative dual)
bʰagáybʰyas (dative plural)
bʰagásya (genitive singular)
bʰagáyās (dual genitive)
bʰagā́naHam (genitive plural)
bʰagáy (locative singular)
bʰagáyaw (dual locative)
bʰagáyšu (locative plural)

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰagás

desc

Sanskrit: भग (bhága, “prosperity, well-being, happiness; "dispenser" (epithet of gods); Bhaga (name of a god)”) (see there for further descendants)

desctree

Proto-Iranian: *bagáh (“portion, share, fate; god”)
Avestan: 𐬠𐬀𐬖𐬀 (baγa), 𐬠𐬀𐬔𐬀 (baga, “share, (favourable) lot”)
Sogdo-Bactrian:
Bactrian: βαγο (bago /baγ/)
Khwarezmian: اڤغیک (ʾβγyk /*aβγīk/, “(lit) little idol, doll, puppet”) (> *bagakáh)
Sogdian: (/βaγ/)
Sogdian script: [script needed] (βγ)
Manichaean script: 𐫂𐫄 (βɣ), 𐫁𐫄 (bɣ)
Syriac script: ܒܓ (bg), ܒܮ (bγ)
→ Classical Persian: ڤغ (vγ /βaγ/), فغ (faγ)
Parthian: (/bag(early) ~ baγ (late)/)
Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭀𐭋𐭇 (ALḤ)
Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫃 (bg), 𐫁𐫄 (bɣ)
→ Old Armenian: բագ (bag, “god; portion”)
→ Classical Persian: بغ (baγ, “idol; lord”)
Old Persian: 𐎲𐎥 (b-g /baga/, “god”)
Middle Persian: (/bag (early) ~ bay (late)/, “lord, (earthly) god; divine”)
Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ORHYA), [Book Pahlavi needed] (bk'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (bg)
Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫏 (by)
Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭡𐭢𐭩 (bgy), 𐭥𐭥𐭧𐭩𐭠 (ORḤYA)
→ Ancient Greek: Βέοι (Béoi)
→? Proto-Turkic: *bēg (“lord”) (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g-ó-s, from *bʰeh₂g- (“to divide”) + *-os (deverbal suffix). Usually compared with Proto-Slavic *bogъ (“god”) (which used to be considered a borrowing from Indo-Iranian). The connection with Old Armenian բակ (bak) is more problematic.

suf

Sogdian: (/βaγnpat(u)/, “sorcerer; priest”); Sogdian script

𐫁𐫢𐫗𐫁𐫏𐫅

> Proto-Iranian: *bágayHnapátiš (“the master of temple”)

bšnbyd /bašnbed/; > *bagaina > *bažin > *bašn


twárštā

twárštā (nominative singular)
twárštārā (dual nominative)
twárštārāw (dual nominative)
twárštāras (nominative plural)
twárštar (singular vocative)
twárštārā (dual vocative)
twárštārāw (dual vocative)
twárštāras (plural vocative)
twárštāram (accusative singular)
twárštārā (accusative dual)
twárštārāw (accusative dual)
twárštras (accusative plural)
twárštraH (instrumental singular)
twárštr̥bʰyā (dual instrumental)
twárštr̥bʰyām (dual instrumental)
twárštr̥bʰiš (instrumental plural)
twárštr̥š (ablative singular)
twárštr̥bʰyā (ablative dual)
twárštr̥bʰyām (ablative dual)
twárštr̥bʰyaH (ablative plural)
twárštray (dative singular)
twárštr̥bʰyā (dative dual)
twárštr̥bʰyām (dative dual)
twárštr̥bʰyaH (dative plural)
twárštr̥š (genitive singular)
twárštr̥Hās (dual genitive)
twárštraHam (genitive plural)
twárštari (locative singular)
twárštr̥Haw (dual locative)
twárštr̥su (locative plural)

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *twá(r)ṣṭā

desc

Sanskrit: त्वष्टृ (tváṣṭṛ), त्वष्टा (tváṣṭā, nom.sg.)

Proto-Iranian: *twárštā

Old Avestan: 𐬚𐬡𐬋𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬙𐬀𐬭 (θβōr^əštar)

From Proto-Indo-European *twérḱ-tōr, from *twerḱ- (“to carve, cut off”) + *-tōr.


satˢtrám

satˢtrám (nominative singular)
satˢtráy (dual nominative)
satˢtráH (nominative plural)
sátˢtram (singular vocative)
sátˢtray (dual vocative)
sátˢtraH (plural vocative)
satˢtrám (accusative singular)
satˢtráy (accusative dual)
satˢtráH (accusative plural)
satˢtráH (instrumental singular)
satˢtráybʰyā (dual instrumental)
satˢtráybʰyām (dual instrumental)
satˢtrā́yš (instrumental plural)
satˢtrā́t (ablative singular)
satˢtráybʰyā (ablative dual)
satˢtráybʰyām (ablative dual)
satˢtráybʰyas (ablative plural)
satˢtrā́y (dative singular)
satˢtráybʰyā (dative dual)
satˢtráybʰyām (dative dual)
satˢtráybʰyas (dative plural)
satˢtrásya (genitive singular)
satˢtráyās (dual genitive)
satˢtrā́naHam (genitive plural)
satˢtráy (locative singular)
satˢtráyaw (dual locative)
satˢtráyšu (locative plural)

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *sattrám

Sanskrit: सत्त्र (sattrá, “a great Soma sacrifice at least 13 days long”)

Proto-Iranian: *hastrám

Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬭𐬀 (hastra, “gathering at which sacrifice hymns are recited”)

From Proto-Indo-European *sed-tlóm, from *sed- (“to sit”). Equivalent to the root of *síždati + *-trám.

(religion) session of sacrifice, sacrificial gathering


Hyaȷ́atás

Hyaȷ́atás (nominative singular)
Hyaȷ́atā́(w) (dual nominative)
Hyaȷ́atā́s (nominative plural)
Hyaȷ́atā́sas (nominative plural)
Hyaȷ́atās (plural vocative)
Hyaȷ́atāsas (plural vocative)
Hyaȷ́atám (accusative singular)
Hyaȷ́atā́(w) (accusative dual)
Hyaȷ́atáH (instrumental singular)
Hyaȷ́atásya (genitive singular)
Hyaȷ́atáyās (dual genitive)
Hyaȷ́atáy (locative singular)

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hyaȷ́atás

Sanskrit: यजत (yajatá)

Proto-Iranian: *Hyajatáh (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁yaǵetós, from *h₁yaǵ- (“to sacrifice, worship”). Cognate with Latin iēiūnus (“fasting, abstinent”)).