ćatám

ćatám (nominative singular)
ćatáy (dual nominative)
ćatáH (nominative plural)
ćátam (singular vocative)
ćátay (dual vocative)
ćátaH (plural vocative)
ćatám (accusative singular)
ćatáy (accusative dual)
ćatáH (accusative plural)
ćatáH (instrumental singular)
ćatáybʰyā (dual instrumental)
ćatáybʰyām (dual instrumental)
ćatā́yš (instrumental plural)
ćatā́t (ablative singular)
ćatáybʰyā (ablative dual)
ćatáybʰyām (ablative dual)
ćatáybʰyas (ablative plural)
ćatā́y (dative singular)
ćatáybʰyā (dative dual)
ćatáybʰyām (dative dual)
ćatáybʰyas (dative plural)
ćatásya (genitive singular)
ćatáyās (dual genitive)
ćatā́naHam (genitive plural)
ćatáy (locative singular)
ćatáyaw (dual locative)
ćatáyšu (locative plural)

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śatám

Sanskrit: शत (śatá) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Iranian: *catám

Central Iranian:

desctree

Avestan: 𐬯𐬀𐬙𐬀 (sata)
→ English: satem (learned) (from the masculine accusative singular 𐬯𐬀𐬙𐬆𐬨 (satəm))

Northeastern Iranian:

Proto-Scythian:

Ossetian: сӕдӕ (sædæ)

Proto-Saka-Wakhi:

Khotanese: [script needed] (sata)

Wakhi: (/sad/)

Arabic script: سد

Cyrillic script: сад (sad)

Sogdo-Bactrian:

Bactrian: σαδο (sado)

Khwarezmian: سید (sy̌d /*səd/)

Sogdian: (/sat(u)/)

Sogdian script: [script needed] (st), [script needed] (100)

Manichaean script: 𐫘𐫤 (st), 𐫯 (100)

Syriac script: ܣܬܘ (stw)

Southeastern Iranian:

Ormuri-Parachi:

Ormuri: سو (/sū/)

Parachi: سو (/sȫ/)

Pashto: سل (sël)

Sanglechi: ساذ (sāδ)

Yidgha: شور (šōr)

Northwestern Iranian:

Baluchi: سد (/sad/)

Kurdish:

q

Central Kurdish: سەد (sed /sad/), صهد (ṣed /sˤad/) (the form of صهد (ṣed) is common for some Sorani dialects)

Laki: سەد (sed /sad/)

Northern Kurdish: sed (/sad/), sid (/sid/)

Southern Kurdish: سەد (sed /sad/)

Proto-Medo-Parthian: *sata-

Median:

Kilit: са (/sa/)

Caspian:

Gilaki: سد (/sad, səd/)

Old Mazanderani: صد (ṣd /sad/)

Mazanderani: صد (ṣd /sad/), سد (/sad/)

Parthian: (/sad/)

Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭞 (100)

Manichaean script: 𐫘𐫅 (sd), 𐫯 (100)

Zaza-Gurani

Gurani: سەڎ (seð̞ /sað̞/)

Zazaki: se (/sa/)

Southwestern Iranian:

Old Persian: *θatam (see there for further descendants)

→ Crimean Gothic: sada

→? Proto-Slavic: *sъto (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-Uralic: *śëta (see there for further descendants)

سەدە

Kurdish: (maybe influenced by New Persian); Central Kurdish

sede

Kurdish: (maybe influenced by New Persian); Northern Kurdish

𐬯

Middle Persian: (/sadag/, “century; Sadeh festival”); Pazend script

→ Pashto: صده

→ Arabic: سدق (sadaq, “Sadeh festival”), سذق (saḏaq)


dáća

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dáśa

Sanskrit: दश (dáśa) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Iranian: *dáca (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Nuristani: *daca (see there for further descendants)


Háywas

Proto-Iranian: *Háywah

Avestan: 𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀 (aēuua)

Ossetian:

Digor Ossetian: йеу (jew)

Iron Ossetian: иу (iw)

Khotanese: [script needed] (śśau)

Tumshuqese: [script needed] (śo)

Zazaki: yew

desctree

Old Persian: 𐎠𐎡𐎺 (a-i-v /aiva/)
Middle Persian:
Manichaean script: 𐫙𐫏𐫇 (ʿyw /ēw/)
Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾy /ē/)
Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭸 (HD)
Persian: یو (yaw, yô, yu), ـی (-ê)
Tajik: -е (-ye)

⇒ Proto-Iranian: *Háywakah

desc

Middle Persian: [script needed] (ʾywk' /ēwak/)

Persian: یک (yek)

Tajik: як (yak)

Kurdish: yek

Bactrian: ιωγο (iōgo)

From Proto-Indo-European *óywos. Possibly related is *Haywa (“so”, adverb), whence Sanskrit एव (evá) and Old Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬁 (aēuuā).


dwáH

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dwáH

Sanskrit: द्व (dvá) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Iranian: *dwáH

Avestan: 𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬀 (duua)

Bactrian: λοι (loi), λοοι (looi), λοο (loo)

Northern Kurdish: du

Ossetian:

Digor Ossetian: дууӕ (duwæ)

Iron Ossetian: дыууӕ (dywwæ)

Khotanese: [script needed] (duva, dva)

Tumshuqese: [script needed] (dva)

Middle Persian: 𐭲𐭥𐭩𐭭 (tʿyn)

Persian: دو

Tajik: ду (du)

Baluchi: دو

Proto-Nuristani: *dū (see there for further descendants)


Háykas

desctree

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Háykas
Mitanni:
→ Hurrian: 𒀀𒄿𒅗 (a-i-ka /aika/)
Sanskrit: एक (éka) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Nuristani: *eka (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos through a variant *h₁óy-kos. Replaced in Iranian by *Háywas.


tráyas

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tráyas

Sanskrit: त्रि (trí) (त्रयस् m (tráyas, nom. pl.)), त्रीणि n (trī́ṇi) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Iranian: *θráyah (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Nuristani: *tre (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *tréyes. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *þrīz, Latin trēs.


saptá

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *saptá

Sanskrit: सप्तन् (saptán) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Iranian: *haptá (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Nuristani: *satta (see there for further descendants)


pratʰamás

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pratʰamás

Sanskrit: प्रथम (prathamá) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Iranian: *fratamáh

Central Iranian:

Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀 (fratəma)

Northeastern Iranian:

Sogdian: [script needed] (prtmw)

Western Iranian:

Southwestern Iranian:

Old Persian: 𐎳𐎼𐎫𐎶𐎠 (fratama)

Middle Persian: (/fradom/)

Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫡𐫤𐫇𐫖 (prtwm)

desc

Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (pltwm)

desctree

→ Old Armenian: փարթամ (pʻartʻam)
Armenian: փարթամ (pʻartʻam)

From an earlier *pratamás, from Proto-Indo-European *pro-tm̥mós, from *pro- (“toward, forward”) + *-tm̥mos (absolute superlative suffix) and influenced by the /tʰ/ in *-ištʰas. Cognate with Latin primus, Ancient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos).


pánča

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pánća

Sanskrit: पञ्चन् (páñcan)
Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀧𑀁𑀘 (paṃca) (see there for further descendants)
Dardic:
Kalasha: ponǰ
Kashmiri: پانٛژھ (pānċh)
Khowar: پونج (ponǰ)
Helu Prakrit:
Dhivehi: ފަހެހް (faheh)
Sinhalese: පහ (paha)
Pali: pañca
→ Burmese: ပဉ္စ (panyca.)
→ Khmer: បញ្ច (bɑɑbɑñcɑɑ)
→ Lao: ປັນຈະ (pan cha)
→ Shan: ပဵၼ်ႇၸႃႉ (pàen tsâ̰a)
→ Thai: ปัญจ, เบญจ
→ Malay:
Latin script: panca
Arabic script: ڤنچا
Indonesian: panca

→ Hurrian: 𒉺𒀭𒍝 (pa-an-za)

Proto-Iranian: *pánča (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Nuristani: *panča (see there for further descendants)


Hnáwa

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hnáwa

Sanskrit: नवन् (návan) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Iranian: *Hnáwa

Central Iranian:

Avestan: 𐬥𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (nauua)

Northeastern Iranian:

Khotanese: [script needed] (nau, no)

Tumshuqese: [script needed] (*na)

Sogdian: [script needed] (naw(a))

Yagnobi: нав (naw)

Northwestern Iranian:

Baluchi: نو (no)

Kurdish:

Central Kurdish: نۆ (no)

Northern Kurdish: neh

Zazaki: new

Southeastern Iranian:

Pashto: نه (në, ni)

Parachi: nō

Shughni: нов̌ (nōw)

Southwestern Iranian:

Old Persian: 𐎴𐎺 (n-v /nava/) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Nuristani: *no (see there for further descendants)


saȷ́ʰásram

saȷ́ʰásram (nominative singular)
saȷ́ʰásray (dual nominative)
saȷ́ʰásraH (nominative plural)
saȷ́ʰásram (singular vocative)
saȷ́ʰásray (dual vocative)
saȷ́ʰásraH (plural vocative)
saȷ́ʰásram (accusative singular)
saȷ́ʰásray (accusative dual)
saȷ́ʰásraH (accusative plural)
saȷ́ʰásraH (instrumental singular)
saȷ́ʰásraybʰyā (dual instrumental)
saȷ́ʰásraybʰyām (dual instrumental)
saȷ́ʰásrāyš (instrumental plural)
saȷ́ʰásrāt (ablative singular)
saȷ́ʰásraybʰyā (ablative dual)
saȷ́ʰásraybʰyām (ablative dual)
saȷ́ʰásraybʰyas (ablative plural)
saȷ́ʰásrāy (dative singular)
saȷ́ʰásraybʰyā (dative dual)
saȷ́ʰásraybʰyām (dative dual)
saȷ́ʰásraybʰyas (dative plural)
saȷ́ʰásrasya (genitive singular)
saȷ́ʰásrayās (dual genitive)
saȷ́ʰásrānaHam (genitive plural)
saȷ́ʰásray (locative singular)
saȷ́ʰásrayaw (dual locative)
saȷ́ʰásrayšu (locative plural)

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *saźʰásram

Sanskrit: सहस्र (sahásra) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Iranian: *hajáhram (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-ǵʰéslom, from *sm̥- (“one; full”) + *ǵʰéslom (“thousand”).


čatwā́ras

head

*čatwā́ras m pl (feminine plural *čátasras, neuter plural *čatwā́r)

čátasras (feminine plural)
čatwā́r (neuter plural)

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćatwā́ras

desc

Sanskrit: चतुर् (catur), चत्वारः (catvā́raḥ, m.pl.) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Iranian: *čaθwā́rah (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Nuristani: *čatwāra (see there for further descendants)


HwiHćati

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HwiHśatí

desctree

Sanskrit: विं॒श॒ति (viṃśatí)
Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀯𑀻𑀲𑀢𑀺 (vīsati)
Prakrit: 𑀯𑀻𑀲 (vīsa), 𑀯𑀻𑀲𑀤𑀺 (vīsadi) — Śaurasenī, 𑀯𑀻𑀲𑀇 (vīsaï) — Ardhamāgadhī, Māgadhī, Māhārāṣṭrī (see there for further descendants)
Dardic:
Kashmiri: وُہ (vuh)
Pali: vīsati

Proto-Iranian: *HwiHcati (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Nuristani: *wī̆cati (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁wih₁ḱm̥ti, from *dwih₁ḱm̥ti.


dwitī́yas

From Proto-Indo-European *dwi- (“two, apart”). Cognate with Albanian dytë.


Hnawatí

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hnawatí

Sanskrit: नवति (navatí)

Pali: navuti

Bengali: নব্বই (nobboi)

Hindi: नव्वे (navve)

Urdu: نوے (navve)

Proto-Iranian: *Hnawatí

Younger Avestan: 𐬥𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (nauuaⁱti)

Middle Persian: [script needed] (nawad)

Persian: نَوَد (navad)

Tajik: навад (navad)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁newn̥tí, from *h₁néwn̥ and *tí.


šwáćš

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ṣwáṭṣ

desc

Sanskrit: षष् (ṣáṣ), षट् (ṣáṭ), *ट्षष् (*ṭṣáṣ) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Iranian: *xšwáš, *šwáš (see there for further descendants)

>? Proto-Nuristani: *ṣowa (or from Indo-Aryan due to initial *ṣ) (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *swéḱs, with irregular retraction of initial *s- into *š-.


Haštā́

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Haṣṭā́

Sanskrit: अष्ट (aṣṭá) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Iranian: *Haštā́ (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Nuristani: *actā̆ (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw (“eight”).


pančaHćát

pančaHćát (nominative singular)
pančaHćátā (dual nominative)
pančaHćátāw (dual nominative)
pančaHćátas (nominative plural)
pánčaHćat (singular vocative)
pánčaHćatā (dual vocative)
pánčaHćatāw (dual vocative)
pánčaHćatas (plural vocative)
pančaHćátam (accusative singular)
pančaHćátā (accusative dual)
pančaHćátāw (accusative dual)
pančaHćátas (accusative plural)
pančaHćátaH (instrumental singular)
pančaHćádbʰyā (dual instrumental)
pančaHćádbʰyām (dual instrumental)
pančaHćádbʰiš (instrumental plural)
pančaHćátas (ablative singular)
pančaHćádbʰyā (ablative dual)
pančaHćádbʰyām (ablative dual)
pančaHćádbʰyaH (ablative plural)
pančaHćátay (dative singular)
pančaHćádbʰyā (dative dual)
pančaHćádbʰyām (dative dual)
pančaHćádbʰyaH (dative plural)
pančaHćátas (genitive singular)
pančaHćátHās (dual genitive)
pančaHćátaHam (genitive plural)
pančaHćáti (locative singular)
pančaHćátHaw (dual locative)
pančaHćátsu (locative plural)

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *panćaHśát

Sanskrit: पञ्चाशत् (pañcāśát) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Iranian: *pančaHcát

Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬧𐬗𐬁𐬯𐬀𐬙 (paṇcāsat)

Khotanese: [script needed] (paṃjsāsä)

Tumshuqese: [script needed] (patsasu)

Middle Persian: [script needed] (pncʾh /panjāh/)

Persian: پنجاه (panjâh)

From Proto-Indo-European *penkʷeh₁ḱḿ̥t (“fifty”).


triHćát

triHćát (nominative singular)
triHćátā (dual nominative)
triHćátāw (dual nominative)
triHćátas (nominative plural)
tríHćat (singular vocative)
tríHćatā (dual vocative)
tríHćatāw (dual vocative)
tríHćatas (plural vocative)
triHćátam (accusative singular)
triHćátā (accusative dual)
triHćátāw (accusative dual)
triHćátas (accusative plural)
triHćátaH (instrumental singular)
triHćádbʰyā (dual instrumental)
triHćádbʰyām (dual instrumental)
triHćádbʰiš (instrumental plural)
triHćátas (ablative singular)
triHćádbʰyā (ablative dual)
triHćádbʰyām (ablative dual)
triHćádbʰyaH (ablative plural)
triHćátay (dative singular)
triHćádbʰyā (dative dual)
triHćádbʰyām (dative dual)
triHćádbʰyaH (dative plural)
triHćátas (genitive singular)
triHćátHās (dual genitive)
triHćátaHam (genitive plural)
triHćáti (locative singular)
triHćátHaw (dual locative)
triHćátsu (locative plural)

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *triHśát

desctree

Sanskrit: त्रिंशत् (triṃśat)
Pali: tiṃsa, tiṃsati
Prakrit: 𑀢𑀻𑀲𑀁 (tīsaṃ), 𑀢𑀻𑀲𑀸 (tīsā), 𑀢𑀻𑀲𑀇𑀁 (tīsaïṃ) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *θriHcát

Avestan: 𐬚𐬭𐬌𐬯𐬀𐬙 (θrisat)

Old Persian:

Middle Persian: syh (sīh)

Persian: سی (si)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *tréyes
Proto-Indo-European *tri-
Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥
Proto-Indo-European *tridḱómt
Proto-Indo-Iranian *triHćát
Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *tridḱómt.