See čáćšma in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ćáṭṣma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćáṭṣma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćáṭṣma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa-ved",
"2": "चाक्ष्म",
"t": "seer",
"tr": "cākṣmá"
},
"expansion": "Vedic Sanskrit: चाक्ष्म (cākṣmá, “seer”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vedic Sanskrit: चाक्ष्म (cākṣmá, “seer”) < *चक्ष्मन् (cákṣman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*čášma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *čášma",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *čášma (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷeḱ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*kʷéḱ-s-mn̥ ~ *kʷḱ-s-mén-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷéḱ-s-mn̥ ~ *kʷḱ-s-mén-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *kʷéḱ-s-mn̥ ~ *kʷḱ-s-mén-, from *kʷeḱ- (“to see, look”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmaniH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmān",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmaniH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmān",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmaniH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmān",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmanaH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmabʰyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmabʰyām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmabʰiš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmans",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmabʰyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmabʰyām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmabʰyaH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmanay",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmabʰyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmabʰyām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmabʰyaH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmans",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmanHās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmanaHam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmani",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmanHaw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmasu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*čáćšma n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "čáćšman",
"g": "n"
},
"name": "iir-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/čáćšma",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "čákšuš"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian terms suffixed with *-ma",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"eye"
],
"id": "en-čáćšma-iir-pro-noun-R8IVtfcO",
"links": [
[
"eye",
"eye"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian terms suffixed with *-ma",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sight"
],
"id": "en-čáćšma-iir-pro-noun-uZGkmxsK",
"links": [
[
"sight",
"sight"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "čáćšma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian consonant stem nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian neuter nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷeḱ-",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms suffixed with *-ma"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ćáṭṣma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćáṭṣma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćáṭṣma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa-ved",
"2": "चाक्ष्म",
"t": "seer",
"tr": "cākṣmá"
},
"expansion": "Vedic Sanskrit: चाक्ष्म (cākṣmá, “seer”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vedic Sanskrit: चाक्ष्म (cākṣmá, “seer”) < *चक्ष्मन् (cákṣman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*čášma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *čášma",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *čášma (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷeḱ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*kʷéḱ-s-mn̥ ~ *kʷḱ-s-mén-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷéḱ-s-mn̥ ~ *kʷḱ-s-mén-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *kʷéḱ-s-mn̥ ~ *kʷḱ-s-mén-, from *kʷeḱ- (“to see, look”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmaniH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmān",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmaniH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmān",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmaniH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmān",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmanaH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmabʰyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmabʰyām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmabʰiš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmans",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmabʰyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmabʰyām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmabʰyaH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmanay",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmabʰyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmabʰyām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmabʰyaH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmans",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmanHās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmanaHam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmani",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmanHaw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "čáćšmasu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*čáćšma n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "čáćšman",
"g": "n"
},
"name": "iir-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/čáćšma",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "čákšuš"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"eye"
],
"links": [
[
"eye",
"eye"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sight"
],
"links": [
[
"sight",
"sight"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "čáćšma"
}
Download raw JSONL data for čáćšma meaning in Proto-Indo-Iranian (4.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-Iranian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (5ee713e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.