See wapras in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for wapras meaning in Proto-Indo-Iranian (5.8kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*wapras"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wapras",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wapras"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "वप्र",
"t": "rampart, hillock"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: वप्र (vapra, “rampart, hillock”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: वप्र (vapra, “rampart, hillock”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*wafrah",
"t": "snow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *wafrah (“snow”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *wafrah (“snow”) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂wep(h₁)-",
"t": "to scatter; to harass"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wep(h₁)- (“to scatter; to harass”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "वप्",
"t": "to scatter, strew"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit वप् (vap, “to scatter, strew”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬬𐬍𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬞𐬀𐬝",
"t": "strews apart, plunders"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬬𐬍𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬞𐬀𐬝 (vīuuāpat̰, “strews apart, plunders”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒄷𒉿𒀊𒍣",
"t": "to hurl, throw; to mistreat, harass",
"tr": "huwapp-ⁱ"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒄷𒉿𒀊𒍣 (huwapp-ⁱ, “to hurl, throw; to mistreat, harass”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "fel",
"t": "bad"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish fel (“bad”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "evil"
},
"expansion": "English evil",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wep(h₁)- (“to scatter; to harass”), and cognate with Sanskrit वप् (vap, “to scatter, strew”), Avestan 𐬬𐬍𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬞𐬀𐬝 (vīuuāpat̰, “strews apart, plunders”), Hittite 𒄷𒉿𒀊𒍣 (huwapp-ⁱ, “to hurl, throw; to mistreat, harass”), [script needed] (hippa-, “heap”), 𒄷𒉿𒀊𒉺𒀸 (huwappa-, “evil, badness”), Old Irish fel (“bad”), and possibly English evil.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "waprás",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waprā́",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "waprā́",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ā́s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ā́sas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wapra",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "waprā́",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "waprā́",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ā́s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ā́sas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "waprám",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waprā́",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "waprā́ns",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waprā́",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wapráybʰyaH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-ā́bʰyām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "waprā́yš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waprā́t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wapráybʰyaH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ā́bʰyām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "wapráybʰyas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waprā́y",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wapráybʰyaH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ā́bʰyām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "wapráybʰyas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waprásya",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wapráyās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "waprā́nam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waprā́naHm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wapráy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wapráyaw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "wapráyšu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*wapras m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "iir-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/wapras",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a scattered pile, mound"
],
"id": "en-wapras-iir-pro-noun-tfavUkCa",
"links": [
[
"scattered",
"scattered"
],
[
"pile",
"pile"
],
[
"mound",
"mound"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "wapras"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*wapras"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wapras",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wapras"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "वप्र",
"t": "rampart, hillock"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: वप्र (vapra, “rampart, hillock”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: वप्र (vapra, “rampart, hillock”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*wafrah",
"t": "snow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *wafrah (“snow”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *wafrah (“snow”) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂wep(h₁)-",
"t": "to scatter; to harass"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wep(h₁)- (“to scatter; to harass”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "वप्",
"t": "to scatter, strew"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit वप् (vap, “to scatter, strew”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬬𐬍𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬞𐬀𐬝",
"t": "strews apart, plunders"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬬𐬍𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬞𐬀𐬝 (vīuuāpat̰, “strews apart, plunders”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒄷𒉿𒀊𒍣",
"t": "to hurl, throw; to mistreat, harass",
"tr": "huwapp-ⁱ"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒄷𒉿𒀊𒍣 (huwapp-ⁱ, “to hurl, throw; to mistreat, harass”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "fel",
"t": "bad"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish fel (“bad”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "evil"
},
"expansion": "English evil",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wep(h₁)- (“to scatter; to harass”), and cognate with Sanskrit वप् (vap, “to scatter, strew”), Avestan 𐬬𐬍𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬞𐬀𐬝 (vīuuāpat̰, “strews apart, plunders”), Hittite 𒄷𒉿𒀊𒍣 (huwapp-ⁱ, “to hurl, throw; to mistreat, harass”), [script needed] (hippa-, “heap”), 𒄷𒉿𒀊𒉺𒀸 (huwappa-, “evil, badness”), Old Irish fel (“bad”), and possibly English evil.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "waprás",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waprā́",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "waprā́",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ā́s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ā́sas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wapra",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "waprā́",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "waprā́",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ā́s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ā́sas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "waprám",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waprā́",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "waprā́ns",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waprā́",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wapráybʰyaH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-ā́bʰyām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "waprā́yš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waprā́t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wapráybʰyaH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ā́bʰyām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "wapráybʰyas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waprā́y",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wapráybʰyaH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ā́bʰyām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "wapráybʰyas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waprásya",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wapráyās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "waprā́nam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waprā́naHm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wapráy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wapráyaw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "wapráyšu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*wapras m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "iir-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/wapras",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-Iranian a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian masculine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Requests for native script for Hittite terms"
],
"glosses": [
"a scattered pile, mound"
],
"links": [
[
"scattered",
"scattered"
],
[
"pile",
"pile"
],
[
"mound",
"mound"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "wapras"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-Iranian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (1b9bfc5 and 0136956). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.