See pratʰamás in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "prathamá",
"word": "प्रथम"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*pratʰamás"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "fratəma",
"word": "𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀"
}
],
"lang": "Central Iranian",
"lang_code": "xme-ker"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sogdian",
"lang_code": "sog",
"word": "prtmw"
}
],
"lang": "Northeastern Iranian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Manichaean script",
"lang_code": "pal",
"roman": "prtwm",
"word": "𐫛𐫡𐫤𐫇𐫖"
},
{
"lang": "Book Pahlavi script",
"lang_code": "pal-Latn",
"word": "pltwm"
},
{
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "fardom",
"word": "فردم"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Persian",
"lang_code": "pal"
}
],
"lang": "Old Persian",
"lang_code": "peo",
"roman": "fratama",
"word": "𐎳𐎼𐎫𐎶𐎠"
}
],
"lang": "Southwestern Iranian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Western Iranian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "pʻartʻam",
"word": "փարթամ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "pʻartʻam",
"word": "փարթամ"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*fratamáh"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*pro-tm̥mós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pro-tm̥mós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "primus"
},
"expansion": "Latin primus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πρῶτος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From an earlier *pratamás, from Proto-Indo-European *pro-tm̥mós, from *pro- (“toward, forward”) + *-tm̥mos (absolute superlative suffix) and influenced by the /tʰ/ in *-ištʰas. Cognate with Latin primus, Ancient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "numeral"
},
"expansion": "*pratʰamás",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/pratʰamás",
"pos": "num",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian ordinal numbers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first"
],
"id": "en-pratʰamás-iir-pro-num-p5N7ZLjK",
"links": [
[
"first",
"first"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pratʰamás"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "prathamá",
"word": "प्रथम"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*pratʰamás"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "fratəma",
"word": "𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀"
}
],
"lang": "Central Iranian",
"lang_code": "xme-ker"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sogdian",
"lang_code": "sog",
"word": "prtmw"
}
],
"lang": "Northeastern Iranian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Manichaean script",
"lang_code": "pal",
"roman": "prtwm",
"word": "𐫛𐫡𐫤𐫇𐫖"
},
{
"lang": "Book Pahlavi script",
"lang_code": "pal-Latn",
"word": "pltwm"
},
{
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "fardom",
"word": "فردم"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Persian",
"lang_code": "pal"
}
],
"lang": "Old Persian",
"lang_code": "peo",
"roman": "fratama",
"word": "𐎳𐎼𐎫𐎶𐎠"
}
],
"lang": "Southwestern Iranian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Western Iranian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "pʻartʻam",
"word": "փարթամ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "pʻartʻam",
"word": "փարթամ"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*fratamáh"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*pro-tm̥mós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pro-tm̥mós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "primus"
},
"expansion": "Latin primus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πρῶτος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From an earlier *pratamás, from Proto-Indo-European *pro-tm̥mós, from *pro- (“toward, forward”) + *-tm̥mos (absolute superlative suffix) and influenced by the /tʰ/ in *-ištʰas. Cognate with Latin primus, Ancient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "numeral"
},
"expansion": "*pratʰamás",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/pratʰamás",
"pos": "num",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian numerals",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian ordinal numbers",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"first"
],
"links": [
[
"first",
"first"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pratʰamás"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pratʰamás meaning in Proto-Indo-Iranian (2.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-Iranian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (ffdbfc3 and b9346a0). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.