See kʰumbʰás in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*kumbʰás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kumbʰás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kumbʰás"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कुम्भ",
"tr": "kumbhá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: कुम्भ (kumbhá)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: कुम्भ (kumbhá) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*xumbáh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *xumbáh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *xumbáh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬑𐬎𐬨𐬠𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬑𐬎𐬨𐬠𐬀 (xumba)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬑𐬎𐬨𐬠𐬀 (xumba)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "խումբ",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Old Armenian: խումբ (xumb)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Old Armenian: խումբ (xumb)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*kumbʰo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kumbʰo-",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kumbā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kumbā",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kumbaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kumbaz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*tˢumba"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian *tˢumba",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "sumbull"
},
"expansion": "Albanian sumbull",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κύμβη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κύμβη (kúmbē)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kubъ",
"alt": "*kǫbъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kǫbъ",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Originally thought (by Pokorny and before) to be from Proto-Indo-European *kumbʰo-, *kumbʰéh₂- (“vessel”), however roots containing both a voiced aspirate and a voiceless plosive have been found to be prohibited in PIE.\nMost likely a Wanderwort as evidenced by Proto-Celtic *kumbā, Proto-Germanic *kumbaz, Proto-Albanian *tˢumba (whence Albanian sumbull), Ancient Greek κύμβη (kúmbē), κύμβος (kúmbos), and perhaps Proto-Slavic *kǫbъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kʰumbʰas",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰás",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰā́(w)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰā́s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰā́sas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwábʰa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwábʰā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwábʰāw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwábʰās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwábʰāsas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰám",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰā́(w)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰā́ns",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰáH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰáybʰyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰáybʰyām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰā́yš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰā́t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰáybʰyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰáybʰyām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰáybʰyas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰā́y",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰáybʰyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰáybʰyām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰáybʰyas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰásya",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰáyās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰā́naHam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰáy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰáyaw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰáyšu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"head": "*kʰumbʰas"
},
"expansion": "*kʰumbʰas m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "iir-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/kʰumbʰás",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pot"
],
"id": "en-kʰumbʰás-iir-pro-noun-dKUcPOn~",
"links": [
[
"pot",
"pot"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kʰumbʰás"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*kumbʰás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kumbʰás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kumbʰás"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कुम्भ",
"tr": "kumbhá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: कुम्भ (kumbhá)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: कुम्भ (kumbhá) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*xumbáh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *xumbáh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *xumbáh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬑𐬎𐬨𐬠𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬑𐬎𐬨𐬠𐬀 (xumba)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬑𐬎𐬨𐬠𐬀 (xumba)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "խումբ",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Old Armenian: խումբ (xumb)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Old Armenian: խումբ (xumb)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*kumbʰo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kumbʰo-",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kumbā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kumbā",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kumbaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kumbaz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*tˢumba"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian *tˢumba",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "sumbull"
},
"expansion": "Albanian sumbull",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κύμβη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κύμβη (kúmbē)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kubъ",
"alt": "*kǫbъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kǫbъ",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Originally thought (by Pokorny and before) to be from Proto-Indo-European *kumbʰo-, *kumbʰéh₂- (“vessel”), however roots containing both a voiced aspirate and a voiceless plosive have been found to be prohibited in PIE.\nMost likely a Wanderwort as evidenced by Proto-Celtic *kumbā, Proto-Germanic *kumbaz, Proto-Albanian *tˢumba (whence Albanian sumbull), Ancient Greek κύμβη (kúmbē), κύμβος (kúmbos), and perhaps Proto-Slavic *kǫbъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kʰumbʰas",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰás",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰā́(w)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰā́s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰā́sas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwábʰa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwábʰā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwábʰāw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwábʰās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwábʰāsas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰám",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰā́(w)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰā́ns",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰáH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰáybʰyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰáybʰyām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰā́yš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰā́t",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰáybʰyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰáybʰyām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰáybʰyas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰā́y",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰáybʰyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰáybʰyām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰáybʰyas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰásya",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰáyās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰā́naHam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰáy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰáyaw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "kʰwabʰáyšu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"head": "*kʰumbʰas"
},
"expansion": "*kʰumbʰas m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "iir-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/kʰumbʰás",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian masculine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"pot"
],
"links": [
[
"pot",
"pot"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kʰumbʰás"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kʰumbʰás meaning in Proto-Indo-Iranian (5.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-Iranian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-07-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-07-01 using wiktextract (45c4a21 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.