See gʰáwšati in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pali",
"lang_code": "pi",
"word": "ghoseti"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "ghóṣati",
"word": "घोषति"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*gʰáwṣati"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "gūštā",
"word": "𐬔𐬏𐬱𐬙𐬁"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Baluchi",
"lang_code": "bal",
"roman": "negóšag",
"sense": "to listen, pay attention",
"word": "نگوشگ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Manichaean",
"lang_code": "xpr",
"roman": "ngwšʾ",
"word": "𐫗𐫃𐫇𐫢𐫀"
}
],
"lang": "Parthian",
"lang_code": "xpr"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Manichaean",
"lang_code": "pal",
"roman": "nywšynd",
"word": "𐫗𐫏𐫇𐫢𐫏𐫗𐫅"
},
{
"lang": "Book Pahlavi",
"lang_code": "pal-Latn",
"word": "ndwhšynd"
},
{
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "niyušidan",
"word": "نیوشیدن"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Persian",
"lang_code": "pal"
}
],
"lang": "Old Persian",
"lang_code": "peo"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*nigáwšati"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*gáwšati"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Khotanese",
"lang_code": "kho",
"word": "pyuṣ-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*patigáwšati"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*g⁽ʷ⁾ʰéwseti",
"4": "",
"5": "to hear, to listen"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾ʰéwseti (“to hear, to listen”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾ʰéwseti (“to hear, to listen”), from *g⁽ʷ⁾ʰew-. The Proto-Indo-Iranian root is *gʰawš-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "verb",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": ""
},
"expansion": "*gʰáwšati",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/gʰáwšati",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian terms belonging to the root *gʰawš-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to hear, listen"
],
"id": "en-gʰáwšati-iir-pro-verb-3jA4vOwI",
"links": [
[
"hear",
"hear"
],
[
"listen",
"listen"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian terms belonging to the root *gʰawš-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to shout"
],
"id": "en-gʰáwšati-iir-pro-verb-hUo02y3t",
"links": [
[
"shout",
"shout"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "gʰáwšati"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms belonging to the root *gʰawš-",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pali",
"lang_code": "pi",
"word": "ghoseti"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "ghóṣati",
"word": "घोषति"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*gʰáwṣati"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "gūštā",
"word": "𐬔𐬏𐬱𐬙𐬁"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Baluchi",
"lang_code": "bal",
"roman": "negóšag",
"sense": "to listen, pay attention",
"word": "نگوشگ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Manichaean",
"lang_code": "xpr",
"roman": "ngwšʾ",
"word": "𐫗𐫃𐫇𐫢𐫀"
}
],
"lang": "Parthian",
"lang_code": "xpr"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Manichaean",
"lang_code": "pal",
"roman": "nywšynd",
"word": "𐫗𐫏𐫇𐫢𐫏𐫗𐫅"
},
{
"lang": "Book Pahlavi",
"lang_code": "pal-Latn",
"word": "ndwhšynd"
},
{
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "niyušidan",
"word": "نیوشیدن"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Persian",
"lang_code": "pal"
}
],
"lang": "Old Persian",
"lang_code": "peo"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*nigáwšati"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*gáwšati"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Khotanese",
"lang_code": "kho",
"word": "pyuṣ-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*patigáwšati"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*g⁽ʷ⁾ʰéwseti",
"4": "",
"5": "to hear, to listen"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾ʰéwseti (“to hear, to listen”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾ʰéwseti (“to hear, to listen”), from *g⁽ʷ⁾ʰew-. The Proto-Indo-Iranian root is *gʰawš-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "verb",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": ""
},
"expansion": "*gʰáwšati",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/gʰáwšati",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to hear, listen"
],
"links": [
[
"hear",
"hear"
],
[
"listen",
"listen"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to shout"
],
"links": [
[
"shout",
"shout"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "gʰáwšati"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gʰáwšati meaning in Proto-Indo-Iranian (2.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-Iranian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.