See gʰáwšati in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*gʰáwṣati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gʰáwṣati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gʰáwṣati"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "घोषति",
"tr": "ghóṣati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: घोषति (ghóṣati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: घोषति (ghóṣati)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pi",
"2": "ghoseti"
},
"expansion": "Pali: ghoseti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pali: ghoseti"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*gáwšati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *gáwšati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *gáwšati"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-old",
"2": "𐬔𐬏𐬱𐬙𐬁"
},
"expansion": "Old Avestan: 𐬔𐬏𐬱𐬙𐬁 (gūštā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Avestan: 𐬔𐬏𐬱𐬙𐬁 (gūštā) (< *gáwšta)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*nigáwšati",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Iranian: *nigáwšati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Iranian: *nigáwšati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "نگوشگ",
"t": "to listen, pay attention",
"tr": "negóšag"
},
"expansion": "Baluchi: نگوشگ (negóšag, “to listen, pay attention”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Baluchi: نگوشگ (negóšag, “to listen, pay attention”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Parthian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Manichaean: 𐫗𐫃𐫇𐫢𐫀 (ngwšʾ, 2sg.pres.; 3sg.subj.)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: (/niyōšēnd/)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Manichaean: 𐫗𐫏𐫇𐫢𐫏𐫗𐫅 (nywšynd, 3pl.pres.)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Book Pahlavi: [script needed] (ndwhšynd, 3pl.pres.)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*patigáwšati",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Iranian: *patigáwšati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Iranian: *patigáwšati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"tr": "pyuṣ-"
},
"expansion": "Khotanese: [script needed] (pyuṣ-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khotanese: [script needed] (pyuṣ-)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*g⁽ʷ⁾ʰéwseti",
"4": "",
"5": "to hear, to listen"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾ʰéwseti (“to hear, to listen”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾ʰéwseti (“to hear, to listen”), from *g⁽ʷ⁾ʰew-. The Proto-Indo-Iranian root is *gʰawš-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "verb",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": ""
},
"expansion": "*gʰáwšati",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/gʰáwšati",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian terms belonging to the root *gʰawš-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to hear, listen"
],
"id": "en-gʰáwšati-iir-pro-verb-3jA4vOwI",
"links": [
[
"hear",
"hear"
],
[
"listen",
"listen"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian terms belonging to the root *gʰawš-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to shout"
],
"id": "en-gʰáwšati-iir-pro-verb-hUo02y3t",
"links": [
[
"shout",
"shout"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "gʰáwšati"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms belonging to the root *gʰawš-",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*gʰáwṣati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gʰáwṣati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gʰáwṣati"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "घोषति",
"tr": "ghóṣati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: घोषति (ghóṣati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: घोषति (ghóṣati)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pi",
"2": "ghoseti"
},
"expansion": "Pali: ghoseti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pali: ghoseti"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*gáwšati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *gáwšati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *gáwšati"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-old",
"2": "𐬔𐬏𐬱𐬙𐬁"
},
"expansion": "Old Avestan: 𐬔𐬏𐬱𐬙𐬁 (gūštā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Avestan: 𐬔𐬏𐬱𐬙𐬁 (gūštā) (< *gáwšta)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*nigáwšati",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Iranian: *nigáwšati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Iranian: *nigáwšati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "نگوشگ",
"t": "to listen, pay attention",
"tr": "negóšag"
},
"expansion": "Baluchi: نگوشگ (negóšag, “to listen, pay attention”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Baluchi: نگوشگ (negóšag, “to listen, pay attention”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Parthian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Manichaean: 𐫗𐫃𐫇𐫢𐫀 (ngwšʾ, 2sg.pres.; 3sg.subj.)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: (/niyōšēnd/)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Manichaean: 𐫗𐫏𐫇𐫢𐫏𐫗𐫅 (nywšynd, 3pl.pres.)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Book Pahlavi: [script needed] (ndwhšynd, 3pl.pres.)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*patigáwšati",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Iranian: *patigáwšati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Iranian: *patigáwšati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"tr": "pyuṣ-"
},
"expansion": "Khotanese: [script needed] (pyuṣ-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khotanese: [script needed] (pyuṣ-)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*g⁽ʷ⁾ʰéwseti",
"4": "",
"5": "to hear, to listen"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾ʰéwseti (“to hear, to listen”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾ʰéwseti (“to hear, to listen”), from *g⁽ʷ⁾ʰew-. The Proto-Indo-Iranian root is *gʰawš-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "verb",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": ""
},
"expansion": "*gʰáwšati",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/gʰáwšati",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to hear, listen"
],
"links": [
[
"hear",
"hear"
],
[
"listen",
"listen"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to shout"
],
"links": [
[
"shout",
"shout"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "gʰáwšati"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gʰáwšati meaning in Proto-Indo-Iranian (3.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-Iranian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (3dadd05 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.