See bʰudʰnás in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gujarati",
"lang_code": "gu",
"roman": "būdhũ",
"word": "બૂધું"
},
{
"lang": "Marathi",
"lang_code": "mr",
"roman": "būḍ",
"word": "बूड"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "budhná",
"word": "बुध्न"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*budʰnás"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "būna",
"word": "𐬠𐬏𐬥𐬀"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Book Pahlavi script",
"lang_code": "pal-Latn",
"sense": "base, foundation, bottom",
"word": "bwn'"
},
{
"lang": "Inscriptional Pahlavi script",
"lang_code": "pal",
"roman": "bʿny",
"sense": "foundation",
"word": "𐭡𐭥𐭭𐭩"
},
{
"lang": "Manichaean script",
"lang_code": "pal",
"roman": "bwn",
"sense": "base, bottom, foundation, beginning; root, source, origin; principle, basis",
"word": "𐫁𐫇𐫗"
},
{
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "bon",
"word": "بن"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Persian",
"lang_code": "pal"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "bottom",
"word": "bin"
},
{
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"lang_code": "ckb",
"roman": "bin",
"sense": "bottom",
"word": "بن"
}
],
"lang": "Kurdish",
"lang_code": "ku"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Manichaean script",
"lang_code": "xpr",
"roman": "bwn",
"sense": "base, bottom, foundation, beginning; root, source, origin; principle, basis",
"word": "𐫁𐫇𐫗"
}
],
"lang": "Parthian",
"lang_code": "xpr"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "bun",
"word": "բուն"
},
{
"lang": "Lezgi",
"lang_code": "lez",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "pun",
"word": "пун"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "buni",
"word": "ბუნი"
}
],
"lang": "Old Georgian",
"lang_code": "oge",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "buni",
"word": "ბუნი"
}
],
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "bun",
"word": "բուն"
},
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "búnē",
"sense": "malt",
"word": "βύνη"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "bunn",
"sense": "coffee bean",
"word": "بُنّ"
}
],
"lang": "Classical Syriac",
"lang_code": "syc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "būnā",
"sense": "barley soaked in water",
"word": "ܒܽܘܢܳܐ"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"sense": "base, foundation",
"word": "*buHnáh"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*bʰudʰ(m̥)nés"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰ(m̥)nés",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Adapted into a masculine a-stem noun from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰ(m̥)nés, genitive singular of *bʰudʰmḗn n.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "masculine a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásāw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásāsas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnása",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásāw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásāsas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásāw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásāns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásaybʰyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásaybʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásāyš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásaybʰyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásaybʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásaybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásāy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásaybʰyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásaybʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásaybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásayās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásānaHam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásay",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásayaw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásayšu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*bʰudʰnás m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bʰudʰnás"
},
"name": "iir-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/bʰudʰnás",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "abudhná",
"sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *abudʰnás",
"tags": [
"Sanskrit"
],
"word": "अबुध्न"
},
{
"alt": "ʾbwn' /abun/",
"sense": "Proto-Iranian: *abuHnáh",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Persian"
],
"word": "[script needed]"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bottom, ground"
],
"id": "en-bʰudʰnás-iir-pro-noun-u3FPYFYF",
"links": [
[
"bottom",
"bottom"
],
[
"ground",
"ground"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "bʰudʰnás"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "abudhná",
"sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *abudʰnás",
"tags": [
"Sanskrit"
],
"word": "अबुध्न"
},
{
"alt": "ʾbwn' /abun/",
"sense": "Proto-Iranian: *abuHnáh",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Persian"
],
"word": "[script needed]"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gujarati",
"lang_code": "gu",
"roman": "būdhũ",
"word": "બૂધું"
},
{
"lang": "Marathi",
"lang_code": "mr",
"roman": "būḍ",
"word": "बूड"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "budhná",
"word": "बुध्न"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*budʰnás"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "būna",
"word": "𐬠𐬏𐬥𐬀"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Book Pahlavi script",
"lang_code": "pal-Latn",
"sense": "base, foundation, bottom",
"word": "bwn'"
},
{
"lang": "Inscriptional Pahlavi script",
"lang_code": "pal",
"roman": "bʿny",
"sense": "foundation",
"word": "𐭡𐭥𐭭𐭩"
},
{
"lang": "Manichaean script",
"lang_code": "pal",
"roman": "bwn",
"sense": "base, bottom, foundation, beginning; root, source, origin; principle, basis",
"word": "𐫁𐫇𐫗"
},
{
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "bon",
"word": "بن"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Persian",
"lang_code": "pal"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"sense": "bottom",
"word": "bin"
},
{
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"lang_code": "ckb",
"roman": "bin",
"sense": "bottom",
"word": "بن"
}
],
"lang": "Kurdish",
"lang_code": "ku"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Manichaean script",
"lang_code": "xpr",
"roman": "bwn",
"sense": "base, bottom, foundation, beginning; root, source, origin; principle, basis",
"word": "𐫁𐫇𐫗"
}
],
"lang": "Parthian",
"lang_code": "xpr"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "bun",
"word": "բուն"
},
{
"lang": "Lezgi",
"lang_code": "lez",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "pun",
"word": "пун"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "buni",
"word": "ბუნი"
}
],
"lang": "Old Georgian",
"lang_code": "oge",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "buni",
"word": "ბუნი"
}
],
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "bun",
"word": "բուն"
},
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "búnē",
"sense": "malt",
"word": "βύνη"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "bunn",
"sense": "coffee bean",
"word": "بُنّ"
}
],
"lang": "Classical Syriac",
"lang_code": "syc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "būnā",
"sense": "barley soaked in water",
"word": "ܒܽܘܢܳܐ"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"sense": "base, foundation",
"word": "*buHnáh"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*bʰudʰ(m̥)nés"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰ(m̥)nés",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Adapted into a masculine a-stem noun from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰ(m̥)nés, genitive singular of *bʰudʰmḗn n.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "masculine a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásāw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásāsas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnása",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásāw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásāsas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásāw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásāns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásaybʰyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásaybʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásāyš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásaybʰyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásaybʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásaybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásāy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásaybʰyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásaybʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásaybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásayās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásānaHam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásay",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásayaw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰudʰnásayšu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*bʰudʰnás m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bʰudʰnás"
},
"name": "iir-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/bʰudʰnás",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian masculine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"bottom, ground"
],
"links": [
[
"bottom",
"bottom"
],
[
"ground",
"ground"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "bʰudʰnás"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bʰudʰnás meaning in Proto-Indo-Iranian (7.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-Iranian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.