bʰā́m (first-person indicative past singular)
bʰéh₂oh₂ (first-person singular subjunctive)
bʰh₂yéh₁m̥ (first-person optative singular)
bʰéh₂s (indicative past second-person singular)
bʰéh₂ (imperative second-person singular)
bʰh₂dʰí (imperative second-person singular)
bʰéh₂t (indicative past singular third-person)
bʰh₂wé (dual first-person indicative past)
bʰh₂tā́m (dual indicative past third-person)
bʰh₂tā́m (dual imperative third-person)
bʰh₂mé (first-person indicative past plural)
bʰh₂té (indicative plural present second-person)
bʰh₂té (indicative past plural second-person)
bʰh₂té (imperative plural second-person)
bʰh₂h₂ér (first-person indicative present singular)
bʰh₂h₂é (first-person indicative past singular)
bʰh₂ih₁h₂é (first-person optative singular)
bʰh₂th₂é (indicative past second-person singular)
bʰh₂só (imperative second-person singular)
bʰh₂ór (indicative present singular third-person)
bʰh₂tó (indicative past singular third-person)
bʰh₂ó (indicative past singular third-person)
bʰh₂ih₁ó (optative singular third-person)
bʰh₂wédʰh₂ (dual first-person indicative past)
bʰh₂médʰh₂ (first-person indicative past plural)
bʰh₂dʰh₂wé (indicative plural present second-person)
bʰh₂dʰh₂wé (indicative past plural second-person)
bʰh₂dʰh₂wé (imperative plural second-person)
bʰh₂n̥tó (indicative past plural third-person)
bʰh₂ró (indicative past plural third-person)

Proto-Armenian:

Old Armenian: բամ (bam)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bā́ˀtei (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Hellenic: *pʰā́mi

Ancient Greek: φημί (phēmí), φαμί (phamí)

Proto-Italic: *fāōr

Latin: for

Athematic root present of *bʰeh₂- (“to speak, say”).


sédyeti

sédyom (first-person indicative past singular)
sédyesi (indicative present second-person singular)
sédyes (indicative past second-person singular)
sédye (imperative second-person singular)
sédyēsi (second-person singular subjunctive)
sédyoys (optative second-person singular)
sédyeti (indicative present singular third-person)
sédyet (indicative past singular third-person)
sédyetu (imperative singular third-person)
sédyēti (singular subjunctive third-person)
sédyoyt (optative singular third-person)
sédyowos (dual first-person indicative present)
sédyowe (dual first-person indicative past)
sédyōwos (dual first-person subjunctive)
sédyoywe (dual first-person optative)
sédyetes (dual indicative present second-person)
sédyetom (dual indicative past second-person)
sédyetom (dual imperative second-person)
sédyētes (dual second-person subjunctive)
sédyoytom (dual optative second-person)
sédyetes (dual indicative present third-person)
sédyetām (dual indicative past third-person)
sédyetām (dual imperative third-person)
sédyētes (dual subjunctive third-person)
sédyoytām (dual optative third-person)
sédyomos (first-person indicative plural present)
sédyome (first-person indicative past plural)
sédyōmos (first-person plural subjunctive)
sédyoyme (first-person optative plural)
sédyete (indicative plural present second-person)
sédyete (indicative past plural second-person)
sédyete (imperative plural second-person)
sédyēte (plural second-person subjunctive)
sédyoyte (optative plural second-person)
sédyonti (indicative plural present third-person)
sédyont (indicative past plural third-person)
sédyontu (imperative plural third-person)
sédyōnti (plural subjunctive third-person)
sédyonts (indicative participle present)
sédyeso (imperative second-person singular)
sédyetor (indicative present singular third-person)
sédyeto (indicative past singular third-person)
sédyētor (singular subjunctive third-person)
sédyoyto (optative singular third-person)
sédyontor (indicative plural present third-person)
sédyonto (indicative past plural third-person)
sédyōntor (plural subjunctive third-person)
sédyoyro (optative plural third-person)
sédyomnos (indicative participle present)

Proto-Germanic: *sit(j)aną (unless < *sed-éi-ti ~ *sed-i-énti) (see there for further descendants)

desctree

Proto-Hellenic: *heďďomai
Ancient Greek: ἕζομαι (hézomai)


tḗr (imperative second-person singular)
tr̥h₂dʰí (imperative second-person singular)

Proto-Anatolian:

desc

Hittite: 𒋻𒄴𒈪 (tar-aḫ-mi /taraḫmi/, 1sg.pres.act.)

Proto-Tocharian:

Tocharian B: tär- (“to radiate, spread out”)

Athematic root aorist of *terh₂- (“to cross over”).

Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben

trāns

*tŕ̥h₂n̥t-s (< participle *tr̥h₂-n̥t-és)


Proto-Anatolian: *térHʷti ~ *tr̥Hʷánti

Hittite: 𒋻𒄴𒍣 (tar-uḫ-zi, “to overpower”)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tŕ̥Hwati (“to overcome, be able”) (see there for further descendants)

Athematic u-present of *terh₂- (“to overcome”).


gʷérh₃ōh₂ (first-person singular subjunctive)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gerˀtei (“to glut; to drink”) (see there for further descendants)

From *gʷerh₃- (“to swallow, devour, eat”) + *-eti.


ḱléwseti

ḱléwsom (first-person indicative past singular)
ḱléwsōh₂ (first-person singular subjunctive)
ḱléwsesi (indicative present second-person singular)
ḱléwses (indicative past second-person singular)
ḱléwse (imperative second-person singular)
ḱléwsēsi (second-person singular subjunctive)
ḱléwsoys (optative second-person singular)
ḱléwseti (indicative present singular third-person)
ḱléwset (indicative past singular third-person)
ḱléwsetu (imperative singular third-person)
ḱléwsēti (singular subjunctive third-person)
ḱléwsoyt (optative singular third-person)
ḱléwsowos (dual first-person indicative present)
ḱléwsowe (dual first-person indicative past)
ḱléwsōwos (dual first-person subjunctive)
ḱléwsoywe (dual first-person optative)
ḱléwsetes (dual indicative present second-person)
ḱléwsetom (dual indicative past second-person)
ḱléwsetom (dual imperative second-person)
ḱléwsētes (dual second-person subjunctive)
ḱléwsoytom (dual optative second-person)
ḱléwsetes (dual indicative present third-person)
ḱléwsetām (dual indicative past third-person)
ḱléwsetām (dual imperative third-person)
ḱléwsētes (dual subjunctive third-person)
ḱléwsoytām (dual optative third-person)
ḱléwsomos (first-person indicative plural present)
ḱléwsome (first-person indicative past plural)
ḱléwsōmos (first-person plural subjunctive)
ḱléwsoyme (first-person optative plural)
ḱléwsete (indicative plural present second-person)
ḱléwsete (indicative past plural second-person)
ḱléwsete (imperative plural second-person)
ḱléwsēte (plural second-person subjunctive)
ḱléwsoyte (optative plural second-person)
ḱléwsonti (indicative plural present third-person)
ḱléwsont (indicative past plural third-person)
ḱléwsontu (imperative plural third-person)
ḱléwsōnti (plural subjunctive third-person)
ḱléwsonts (indicative participle present)
ḱléwseso (imperative second-person singular)
ḱléwsetor (indicative present singular third-person)
ḱléwseto (indicative past singular third-person)
ḱléwsētor (singular subjunctive third-person)
ḱléwsoyto (optative singular third-person)
ḱléwsontor (indicative plural present third-person)
ḱléwsonto (indicative past plural third-person)
ḱléwsōntor (plural subjunctive third-person)
ḱléwsoyro (optative plural third-person)
ḱléwsomnos (indicative participle present)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *klaušatei

Proto-Slavic: *slušati (“to listen”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Germanic: *hlusjaną, *hlusinōną (“to hear, listen”)

desctree

Old English: hlosnian, hlysnan
Middle English: listenen
English: listen

Old High German:

Middle High German: lüsenen

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *śráwšati

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śráwṣati

desc

Sanskrit: श्रोषति (śroṣati, “to listen, obey”)


moréyeti

moréyom (first-person indicative past singular)
moréyesi (indicative present second-person singular)
moréyes (indicative past second-person singular)
moréye (imperative second-person singular)
moréyēsi (second-person singular subjunctive)
moréyoys (optative second-person singular)
moréyeti (indicative present singular third-person)
moréyet (indicative past singular third-person)
moréyetu (imperative singular third-person)
moréyēti (singular subjunctive third-person)
moréyoyt (optative singular third-person)
moréyowos (dual first-person indicative present)
moréyowe (dual first-person indicative past)
moréyōwos (dual first-person subjunctive)
moréyoywe (dual first-person optative)
moréyetes (dual indicative present second-person)
moréyetom (dual indicative past second-person)
moréyetom (dual imperative second-person)
moréyētes (dual second-person subjunctive)
moréyoytom (dual optative second-person)
moréyetes (dual indicative present third-person)
moréyetām (dual indicative past third-person)
moréyetām (dual imperative third-person)
moréyētes (dual subjunctive third-person)
moréyoytām (dual optative third-person)
moréyomos (first-person indicative plural present)
moréyome (first-person indicative past plural)
moréyōmos (first-person plural subjunctive)
moréyoyme (first-person optative plural)
moréyete (indicative plural present second-person)
moréyete (indicative past plural second-person)
moréyete (imperative plural second-person)
moréyēte (plural second-person subjunctive)
moréyoyte (optative plural second-person)
moréyonti (indicative plural present third-person)
moréyont (indicative past plural third-person)
moréyontu (imperative plural third-person)
moréyōnti (plural subjunctive third-person)
moréyonts (indicative participle present)
moréyeso (imperative second-person singular)
moréyetor (indicative present singular third-person)
moréyeto (indicative past singular third-person)
moréyētor (singular subjunctive third-person)
moréyoyto (optative singular third-person)
moréyontor (indicative plural present third-person)
moréyonto (indicative past plural third-person)
moréyōntor (plural subjunctive third-person)
moréyoyro (optative plural third-person)
moréyomnos (indicative participle present)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *maréitei (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *māráyati

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *māráyati

Sanskrit: मारयति (māráyati)

From *mer- (“to die”) + *-éyeti (causative verbal suffix).


Proto-Celtic: *ɸlinīti

⇒ Old Irish: do·lin

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pr̥náHti (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Italic: *polnēō

Latin: polleō (see there for further descendants)

From *pleh₁- (“to fill”) + *-né- (nasal infix).

infix

Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben
de:Brian D. Joseph


sérpeti

sérpom (first-person indicative past singular)
sérpesi (indicative present second-person singular)
sérpes (indicative past second-person singular)
sérpe (imperative second-person singular)
sérpēsi (second-person singular subjunctive)
sérpoys (optative second-person singular)
sérpeti (indicative present singular third-person)
sérpet (indicative past singular third-person)
sérpetu (imperative singular third-person)
sérpēti (singular subjunctive third-person)
sérpoyt (optative singular third-person)
sérpowos (dual first-person indicative present)
sérpowe (dual first-person indicative past)
sérpōwos (dual first-person subjunctive)
sérpoywe (dual first-person optative)
sérpetes (dual indicative present second-person)
sérpetom (dual indicative past second-person)
sérpetom (dual imperative second-person)
sérpētes (dual second-person subjunctive)
sérpoytom (dual optative second-person)
sérpetes (dual indicative present third-person)
sérpetām (dual indicative past third-person)
sérpetām (dual imperative third-person)
sérpētes (dual subjunctive third-person)
sérpoytām (dual optative third-person)
sérpomos (first-person indicative plural present)
sérpome (first-person indicative past plural)
sérpōmos (first-person plural subjunctive)
sérpoyme (first-person optative plural)
sérpete (indicative plural present second-person)
sérpete (indicative past plural second-person)
sérpete (imperative plural second-person)
sérpēte (plural second-person subjunctive)
sérpoyte (optative plural second-person)
sérponti (indicative plural present third-person)
sérpont (indicative past plural third-person)
sérpontu (imperative plural third-person)
sérpōnti (plural subjunctive third-person)
sérponts (indicative participle present)
sérpeso (imperative second-person singular)
sérpetor (indicative present singular third-person)
sérpeto (indicative past singular third-person)
sérpētor (singular subjunctive third-person)
sérpoyto (optative singular third-person)
sérpontor (indicative plural present third-person)
sérponto (indicative past plural third-person)
sérpōntor (plural subjunctive third-person)
sérpoyro (optative plural third-person)
sérpomnos (indicative participle present)

Proto-Hellenic: *hérpō

desc

Ancient Greek: ἕρπω (hérpō, “to creep, crawl”)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *sárpati

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *sárpati

Sanskrit: सर्पति (sárpati, “to creep, crawl”)

Proto-Italic: *serpō

Latin: serpō

Thematic root present of *serp- (“to creep, crawl”).


minéwti

minéwmi (first-person indicative present singular)
minḗm (first-person indicative past singular)
minéwsi (indicative present second-person singular)
minéws (indicative past second-person singular)
minéw (imperative second-person singular)
minudʰí (imperative second-person singular)
minéwesi (second-person singular subjunctive)
minéwti (indicative present singular third-person)
minéwt (indicative past singular third-person)
minéwtu (imperative singular third-person)
minéweti (singular subjunctive third-person)
minuwós (dual first-person indicative present)
minuwé (dual first-person indicative past)
minéwowos (dual first-person subjunctive)
minutés (dual indicative present second-person)
minutóm (dual indicative past second-person)
minutóm (dual imperative second-person)
minéwetes (dual second-person subjunctive)
minutés (dual indicative present third-person)
minutā́m (dual indicative past third-person)
minutā́m (dual imperative third-person)
minéwetes (dual subjunctive third-person)
minumós (first-person indicative plural present)
minumé (first-person indicative past plural)
minéwomos (first-person plural subjunctive)
minuté (indicative plural present second-person)
minuté (indicative past plural second-person)
minuté (imperative plural second-person)
minéwete (plural second-person subjunctive)
minwénti (indicative plural present third-person)
minwént (indicative past plural third-person)
minwéntu (imperative plural third-person)
minéwonti (plural subjunctive third-person)
minwónts (indicative participle present)
minusó (imperative second-person singular)
minutór (indicative present singular third-person)
minwór (indicative present singular third-person)
minutó (indicative past singular third-person)
minwó (indicative past singular third-person)
minéwetor (singular subjunctive third-person)
minwn̥tór (indicative plural present third-person)
minurór (indicative plural present third-person)
minwn̥tó (indicative past plural third-person)
minuró (indicative past plural third-person)
minéwontor (plural subjunctive third-person)

Proto-Celtic:

Proto-Brythonic:

Cornish: minow

Proto-Italic: *minuō (see there for further descendants)

From *mey- (“small”) + *-néwti (verbal suffix).


Hyowdʰéyeti

Hyowdʰéyesi (indicative present second-person singular)
Hyowdʰéyes (indicative past second-person singular)
Hyowdʰéye (imperative second-person singular)
Hyowdʰéyēsi (second-person singular subjunctive)
Hyowdʰéyeti (indicative present singular third-person)
Hyowdʰéyet (indicative past singular third-person)
Hyowdʰéyetu (imperative singular third-person)
Hyowdʰéyēti (singular subjunctive third-person)
Hyowdʰéyetes (dual indicative present second-person)
Hyowdʰéyetom (dual indicative past second-person)
Hyowdʰéyetom (dual imperative second-person)
Hyowdʰéyetes (dual indicative present third-person)
Hyowdʰéyetām (dual indicative past third-person)
Hyowdʰéyetām (dual imperative third-person)
Hyowdʰéyete (indicative plural present second-person)
Hyowdʰéyete (indicative past plural second-person)
Hyowdʰéyete (imperative plural second-person)
Hyowdʰéyēte (plural second-person subjunctive)
Hyowdʰéyonti (indicative plural present third-person)
Hyowdʰéyōnti (plural subjunctive third-person)
Hyowdʰéyeso (imperative participle second-person singular)
Hyowdʰéyetor (indicative participle present singular third-person)
Hyowdʰéyeto (indicative participle past singular third-person)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hyawdʰáyati

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hyawdʰáyati

Sanskrit: योधयति (yodháyati)

Proto-Iranian:

Bactrian: ιωλ- (iōl-, “to fight”)

Proto-Italic: *jouðeō (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *jaudīˀtei

Lithuanian: judėti, judinti, jundù

Proto-Slavic: *jùditi (see there for further descendants)

From *Hyewdʰ- (“to move”) + *-éyeti (causative suffix).


Proto-Anatolian:

desc

Hittite: [script needed] (zinniᶻⁱ, “to stop, finish; destroy”)

Proto-Celtic: *tinīti
Old Irish: tinaid

Proto-Germanic: *þīnaną (with analogical e-grade)

Proto-West Germanic: *þīnan

Old English: þīnan (“to get moist”)

>? Swedish: tina

From *teyh₁- (“to get hot”) + *-né- (nasal infix).


trémti

trémmi (first-person indicative present singular)
trḗm (first-person indicative past singular)
trémsi (indicative present second-person singular)
tréms (indicative past second-person singular)
trém (imperative second-person singular)
tr̥mdʰí (imperative second-person singular)
trémesi (second-person singular subjunctive)
trémti (indicative present singular third-person)
trémt (indicative past singular third-person)
trémtu (imperative singular third-person)
trémeti (singular subjunctive third-person)
tr̥mwós (dual first-person indicative present)
tr̥mwé (dual first-person indicative past)
trémowos (dual first-person subjunctive)
tr̥mtés (dual indicative present second-person)
tr̥mtóm (dual indicative past second-person)
tr̥mtóm (dual imperative second-person)
trémetes (dual second-person subjunctive)
tr̥mtés (dual indicative present third-person)
tr̥mtā́m (dual indicative past third-person)
tr̥mtā́m (dual imperative third-person)
trémetes (dual subjunctive third-person)
tr̥mmós (first-person indicative plural present)
tr̥mmé (first-person indicative past plural)
trémomos (first-person plural subjunctive)
tr̥mté (indicative plural present second-person)
tr̥mté (indicative past plural second-person)
tr̥mté (imperative plural second-person)
trémete (plural second-person subjunctive)
tr̥ménti (indicative plural present third-person)
tr̥mént (indicative past plural third-person)
tr̥méntu (imperative plural third-person)
trémonti (plural subjunctive third-person)
tr̥mónts (indicative participle present)
tr̥msó (imperative second-person singular)
tr̥mtór (indicative present singular third-person)
tr̥mór (indicative present singular third-person)
tr̥mtó (indicative past singular third-person)
tr̥mó (indicative past singular third-person)
trémetor (singular subjunctive third-person)
tr̥mn̥tór (indicative plural present third-person)
tr̥mrór (indicative plural present third-person)
tr̥mn̥tó (indicative past plural third-person)
tr̥mró (indicative past plural third-person)
trémontor (plural subjunctive third-person)

Proto-Albanian: *trema

Albanian: tremb

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *trémtei

Latvian: trem̃t

Lithuanian: trem̃ti

q

contaminated by <i class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">*tres-</i>

Proto-Slavic: *tręsti (contaminated by *tres-) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Hellenic: *trémō

Ancient Greek: τρέμω (trémō)

Proto-Italic: *tremō

Latin: tremō (see there for further descendants)

Tocharian:

Tocharian A: trämäs

Athematic root present of *trem- (“to tremble”).


tḗtḱti

tḗtḱmi (first-person indicative present singular)
tḗtḱm̥ (first-person indicative past singular)
tḗtḱsi (indicative present second-person singular)
tḗtḱs (indicative past second-person singular)
tḗtḱ (imperative second-person singular)
tétḱdʰi (imperative second-person singular)
tḗtḱesi (second-person singular subjunctive)
tḗtḱti (indicative present singular third-person)
tḗtḱt (indicative past singular third-person)
tḗtḱtu (imperative singular third-person)
tḗtḱeti (singular subjunctive third-person)
tétḱwos (dual first-person indicative present)
tétḱwe (dual first-person indicative past)
tḗtḱowos (dual first-person subjunctive)
tétḱtes (dual indicative present second-person)
tétḱtom (dual indicative past second-person)
tétḱtom (dual imperative second-person)
tḗtḱetes (dual second-person subjunctive)
tétḱtes (dual indicative present third-person)
tétḱtām (dual indicative past third-person)
tétḱtām (dual imperative third-person)
tḗtḱetes (dual subjunctive third-person)
tétḱmos (first-person indicative plural present)
tétḱme (first-person indicative past plural)
tḗtḱomos (first-person plural subjunctive)
tétḱte (indicative plural present second-person)
tétḱte (indicative past plural second-person)
tétḱte (imperative plural second-person)
tḗtḱete (plural second-person subjunctive)
tétḱn̥ti (indicative plural present third-person)
tétḱn̥t (indicative past plural third-person)
tétḱn̥tu (imperative plural third-person)
tḗtḱonti (plural subjunctive third-person)
tétḱn̥ts (indicative participle present)

desctree

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *téśtei
Latvian: test
Proto-Slavic: *tesàti (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tā́ćšti, *táćšati

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tā́ṭṣṭi, *táṭṣati

Sanskrit: ताष्टि (tā́ṣṭi), तक्षति (tákṣati, 3pl.)

Proto-Iranian: *tā́šti, *tášati

Avestan: 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬌 𐬙𐬁𐬱𐬙𐬌 (auui tāšti), 𐬙𐬁𐬱𐬙 (tāšt)

desc

Old Persian: 𐏃𐎫𐎧𐏁𐎫𐎡𐎹 (h-t-x-š-t-i-y /haᵐtaxšataiy/)

Proto-Nuristani: *táscati

Northern Nuristani:

Kamkata-viri:

Kamviri: taćë́-

Kativiri: sëćé-

Southern Nuristani:

Ashkun: tō̃́ćie-

Proto-Italic: *teksō (perhaps) (or from *teḱ-s-e-ti)

Latin: texō (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Tocharian:

Tocharian B: tāks-

Athematic Narten root present of *tetḱ- (“to create”).


h₂isḱóh₂ (first-person indicative present singular)
h₂isḱṓh₂ (first-person singular subjunctive)
h₂isḱé (imperative second-person singular)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *īˀskāˀtei

Latgalian: īskuot

Latvian: ieskāt

Lithuanian: ieškóti

Proto-Slavic: *jьskati (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Celtic: *issketi (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Germanic: *iskaną

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *aisk (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *aiskōn (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hišćáti (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Italic: *isskō

⇒ Umbrian: eiscurent (3pl. fut. perf.)

From *h₂eys- (“to wish”) + *-sḱéti (durative or iterative verbal suffix).


gʷʰr̥néwti

gʷʰr̥néwmi (first-person indicative present singular)
gʷʰr̥nḗm (first-person indicative past singular)
gʷʰr̥néwsi (indicative present second-person singular)
gʷʰr̥néws (indicative past second-person singular)
gʷʰr̥néw (imperative second-person singular)
gʷʰr̥nudʰí (imperative second-person singular)
gʷʰr̥néwesi (second-person singular subjunctive)
gʷʰr̥néwti (indicative present singular third-person)
gʷʰr̥néwt (indicative past singular third-person)
gʷʰr̥néwtu (imperative singular third-person)
gʷʰr̥néweti (singular subjunctive third-person)
gʷʰr̥nuwós (dual first-person indicative present)
gʷʰr̥nuwé (dual first-person indicative past)
gʷʰr̥néwowos (dual first-person subjunctive)
gʷʰr̥nutés (dual indicative present second-person)
gʷʰr̥nutóm (dual indicative past second-person)
gʷʰr̥nutóm (dual imperative second-person)
gʷʰr̥néwetes (dual second-person subjunctive)
gʷʰr̥nutés (dual indicative present third-person)
gʷʰr̥nutā́m (dual indicative past third-person)
gʷʰr̥nutā́m (dual imperative third-person)
gʷʰr̥néwetes (dual subjunctive third-person)
gʷʰr̥numós (first-person indicative plural present)
gʷʰr̥numé (first-person indicative past plural)
gʷʰr̥néwomos (first-person plural subjunctive)
gʷʰr̥nuté (indicative plural present second-person)
gʷʰr̥nuté (indicative past plural second-person)
gʷʰr̥nuté (imperative plural second-person)
gʷʰr̥néwete (plural second-person subjunctive)
gʷʰr̥nwénti (indicative plural present third-person)
gʷʰr̥nwént (indicative past plural third-person)
gʷʰr̥nwéntu (imperative plural third-person)
gʷʰr̥néwonti (plural subjunctive third-person)
gʷʰr̥nwónts (indicative participle present)
gʷʰr̥nuh₂é (first-person indicative past singular)
gʷʰr̥nusó (imperative second-person singular)
gʷʰr̥nutór (indicative present singular third-person)
gʷʰr̥nwór (indicative present singular third-person)
gʷʰr̥nutó (indicative past singular third-person)
gʷʰr̥nwó (indicative past singular third-person)
gʷʰr̥néwetor (singular subjunctive third-person)
gʷʰr̥nwn̥tór (indicative plural present third-person)
gʷʰr̥nurór (indicative plural present third-person)
gʷʰr̥nwn̥tó (indicative past plural third-person)
gʷʰr̥nuró (indicative past plural third-person)
gʷʰr̥néwontor (plural subjunctive third-person)

Proto-Armenian:

desc

Old Armenian: ջեռնում (ǰeṙnum), ջեռանիմ (ǰeṙanim), ջեռիմ (ǰeṙim)

q

>? Proto-Germanic: *brinnaną (perhaps via *gʷʰrn̥w- > *brunw- followed by reanalysis of the ablaut) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰr̥náwti

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gʰr̥ṇáwti

Sanskrit: घृणोति (ghṛṇóti)


yā́m (first-person indicative past singular)
yéh₂ (imperative second-person singular)
ih₂dʰí (imperative second-person singular)
ih₂h₂é (first-person indicative past singular)
ih₂ó (indicative past singular third-person)

desctree

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *jā́ˀtei
East Baltic:
⇒ Latgalian: juot
⇒ Latvian: jāt
⇒ Lithuanian: jóti
Proto-Slavic: *jě̀ti (see there for further descendants)
⇒ Proto-Slavic: *jě̀xati (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *yáHti

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *yáHti

Sanskrit: याति (yā́ti) (see there for further descendants)

Athematic root present of *yeh₂- (“to go”).

Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben
Rick Derksen


yéseti

yésom (first-person indicative past singular)
yésōh₂ (first-person singular subjunctive)
yésesi (indicative present second-person singular)
yéses (indicative past second-person singular)
yése (imperative second-person singular)
yésēsi (second-person singular subjunctive)
yésoys (optative second-person singular)
yéseti (indicative present singular third-person)
yéset (indicative past singular third-person)
yésetu (imperative singular third-person)
yésēti (singular subjunctive third-person)
yésoyt (optative singular third-person)
yésowos (dual first-person indicative present)
yésowe (dual first-person indicative past)
yésōwos (dual first-person subjunctive)
yésoywe (dual first-person optative)
yésetes (dual indicative present second-person)
yésetom (dual indicative past second-person)
yésetom (dual imperative second-person)
yésētes (dual second-person subjunctive)
yésoytom (dual optative second-person)
yésetes (dual indicative present third-person)
yésetām (dual indicative past third-person)
yésetām (dual imperative third-person)
yésētes (dual subjunctive third-person)
yésoytām (dual optative third-person)
yésomos (first-person indicative plural present)
yésome (first-person indicative past plural)
yésōmos (first-person plural subjunctive)
yésoyme (first-person optative plural)
yésete (indicative plural present second-person)
yésete (indicative past plural second-person)
yésete (imperative plural second-person)
yésēte (plural second-person subjunctive)
yésoyte (optative plural second-person)
yésonti (indicative plural present third-person)
yésont (indicative past plural third-person)
yésontu (imperative plural third-person)
yésōnti (plural subjunctive third-person)
yésonts (indicative participle present)

Proto-Germanic: *jesaną (“to ferment”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Hellenic: *dzehō

Ancient Greek: ζέω (zéō)

Proto-Tocharian: *yäs-

Tocharian A: yäs (“boil”)

Tocharian B: yäs (“excite, ravish”)

Thematic root present of *yes- (“to boil”).

Brill Publishers
Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben


déreti

dérom (first-person indicative past singular)
dérōh₂ (first-person singular subjunctive)
déresi (indicative present second-person singular)
déres (indicative past second-person singular)
dére (imperative second-person singular)
dérēsi (second-person singular subjunctive)
déroys (optative second-person singular)
déreti (indicative present singular third-person)
déret (indicative past singular third-person)
déretu (imperative singular third-person)
dérēti (singular subjunctive third-person)
déroyt (optative singular third-person)
dérowos (dual first-person indicative present)
dérowe (dual first-person indicative past)
dérōwos (dual first-person subjunctive)
déroywe (dual first-person optative)
déretes (dual indicative present second-person)
déretom (dual indicative past second-person)
déretom (dual imperative second-person)
dérētes (dual second-person subjunctive)
déroytom (dual optative second-person)
déretes (dual indicative present third-person)
déretām (dual indicative past third-person)
déretām (dual imperative third-person)
dérētes (dual subjunctive third-person)
déroytām (dual optative third-person)
déromos (first-person indicative plural present)
dérome (first-person indicative past plural)
dérōmos (first-person plural subjunctive)
déroyme (first-person optative plural)
dérete (indicative plural present second-person)
dérete (indicative past plural second-person)
dérete (imperative plural second-person)
dérēte (plural second-person subjunctive)
déroyte (optative plural second-person)
déronti (indicative plural present third-person)
déront (indicative past plural third-person)
dérontu (imperative plural third-person)
dérōnti (plural subjunctive third-person)
déronts (indicative participle present)

Proto-Balto-Slavic:

desc

1sg.pres. of <i class="Latn mention" lang="sgs">dir̃ti</i> (“to skin”)

Samogitian: derù (1sg.pres. of dir̃ti (“to skin”))

1sg.pres. of <i class="Latn mention" lang="sla-pro">*dьràti</i> (“to tear, flay”)

Proto-Slavic: *derǫ (1sg.pres. of *dьràti (“to tear, flay”)) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Germanic: *teraną (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Hellenic: *dérō

Ancient Greek: δέρω (dérō)

Thematic root present of *der- (“to split, tear”).


dedórḱe

dedórḱ (imperative second-person singular)
dedr̥ḱdʰí (imperative second-person singular)
dedérḱesi (second-person singular subjunctive)
dedórḱe (indicative singular third-person)
dedórḱtu (imperative singular third-person)
dedérḱeti (singular subjunctive third-person)
dedr̥ḱwé (dual first-person indicative)
dedérḱowos (dual first-person subjunctive)
dedr̥ḱtóm (dual imperative second-person)
dedérḱetes (dual second-person subjunctive)
dedr̥ḱtā́m (dual imperative third-person)
dedérḱetes (dual subjunctive third-person)
dedr̥ḱmé (first-person indicative plural)
dedérḱomos (first-person plural subjunctive)
dedr̥ḱé (indicative plural second-person)
dedr̥ḱté (imperative plural second-person)
dedérḱete (plural second-person subjunctive)
dedr̥ḱḗr (indicative plural third-person)
dedr̥ḱéntu (imperative plural third-person)
dedérḱonti (plural subjunctive third-person)
dedr̥ḱwṓs (indicative participle)

Proto-Celtic: *ad-kom-dark-

perfect of <i class="Latn mention" lang="sga">ad·cí</i>

Old Irish: ad·condairc (perfect of ad·cí)

past tense of <i class="Latn mention" lang="ga">feic</i>

Irish: chonaic (past tense of feic)

past tense of <i class="Latn mention" lang="gv">faik</i>

Manx: honnick (past tense of faik)

past tense of <i class="Latn mention" lang="gd">faic</i>

Scottish Gaelic: chunnaic (past tense of faic)

Proto-Hellenic:

Ancient Greek: δέδορκεν (dédorken)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dadárća, *dadr̥ćay

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dadárśa, *dadr̥śay

Sanskrit: ददर्श (dadárśa), ददृशे (dádṛśe) (merged with the past tense of पश्यति (páśyati))

Proto-Iranian: *dadárca

Avestan: 𐬛𐬁𐬛𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬯𐬀 (dādar^əsa)

Reduplicated stative of the root *derḱ- (“to see”).


h₂mélǵm̥ (first-person indicative past singular)
h₂ml̥ǵyéh₁m̥ (first-person optative singular)
h₂mélǵ (imperative second-person singular)
h₂ml̥ǵdʰí (imperative second-person singular)
h₂ml̥ǵwé (dual first-person indicative past)
h₂ml̥ǵtā́m (dual indicative past third-person)
h₂ml̥ǵtā́m (dual imperative third-person)
h₂ml̥ǵmé (first-person indicative past plural)
h₂ml̥ǵté (indicative plural present second-person)
h₂ml̥ǵté (indicative past plural second-person)
h₂ml̥ǵté (imperative plural second-person)
h₂ml̥ǵh₂ér (first-person indicative present singular)
h₂ml̥ǵh₂é (first-person indicative past singular)
h₂ml̥ǵih₁h₂é (first-person optative singular)
h₂ml̥ǵth₂é (indicative past second-person singular)
h₂ml̥ǵsó (imperative second-person singular)
h₂ml̥ǵór (indicative present singular third-person)
h₂ml̥ǵtó (indicative past singular third-person)
h₂ml̥ǵó (indicative past singular third-person)
h₂ml̥ǵih₁ó (optative singular third-person)
h₂ml̥ǵwédʰh₂ (dual first-person indicative past)
h₂ml̥ǵmédʰh₂ (first-person indicative past plural)
h₂ml̥ǵdʰh₂wé (indicative plural present second-person)
h₂ml̥ǵdʰh₂wé (indicative past plural second-person)
h₂ml̥ǵdʰh₂wé (imperative plural second-person)
h₂ml̥ǵn̥tó (indicative past plural third-person)
h₂ml̥ǵró (indicative past plural third-person)

Proto-Albanian:

Albanian: mjel (“to milk”)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *melźtei

Lithuanian: melžti (“to milk”)

Proto-Slavic: *melzti (“to milk”) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Celtic: *mligeti

Old Irish: mligid

Middle Irish: bligid

Proto-Germanic: *melkaną (“to milk”)

Proto-Hellenic:

Ancient Greek: ἀμέλγω (amélgō, “I milk”)

Greek: αρμέγω (armégo)

Athematic root present of *h₂melǵ- (“to milk”).


bʰebʰóytu (imperative singular third-person)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bajā́ˀtei (with disappearance of reduplication) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Germanic: *bibāną (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰibʰā́yHa (see there for further descendants)

Reduplicated stative of the root *bʰeyh₂- (“to tremble, fear”).


likʷét

likʷóm (first-person indicative singular)
likʷés (indicative second-person singular)
likʷé (imperative second-person singular)
likʷḗsi (second-person singular subjunctive)
likʷóys (optative second-person singular)
likʷét (indicative singular third-person)
likʷétu (imperative singular third-person)
likʷḗti (singular subjunctive third-person)
likʷóyt (optative singular third-person)
likʷówe (dual first-person indicative)
likʷṓwos (dual first-person subjunctive)
likʷóywe (dual first-person optative)
likʷétom (dual indicative second-person)
likʷétom (dual imperative second-person)
likʷḗtes (dual second-person subjunctive)
likʷóytom (dual optative second-person)
likʷétām (dual indicative third-person)
likʷétām (dual imperative third-person)
likʷḗtes (dual subjunctive third-person)
likʷóytām (dual optative third-person)
likʷóme (first-person indicative plural)
likʷṓmos (first-person plural subjunctive)
likʷóyme (first-person optative plural)
likʷéte (indicative plural second-person)
likʷéte (imperative plural second-person)
likʷḗte (plural second-person subjunctive)
likʷóyte (optative plural second-person)
likʷónt (indicative plural third-person)
likʷóntu (imperative plural third-person)
likʷṓnti (plural subjunctive third-person)
likʷónts (indicative participle)

Armenian:

Old Armenian: լիք (likʻ), ելիք (elikʻ, “he left”)

Proto-Hellenic:

Ancient Greek: ἔλῐπε (élĭpe, “he left”)

Thematic root aorist of *leykʷ- (“to leave”).


bʰérǵʰt

bʰérǵʰm̥ (first-person indicative singular)
bʰérǵʰoh₂ (first-person singular subjunctive)
bʰr̥ǵʰyéh₁m̥ (first-person optative singular)
bʰérǵʰs (indicative second-person singular)
bʰérǵ (imperative second-person singular)
bʰr̥ǵʰdʰí (imperative second-person singular)
bʰérǵʰesi (second-person singular subjunctive)
bʰr̥ǵʰyéh₁s (optative second-person singular)
bʰérǵʰt (indicative singular third-person)
bʰérǵʰtu (imperative singular third-person)
bʰérǵʰeti (singular subjunctive third-person)
bʰr̥ǵʰyéh₁t (optative singular third-person)
bʰr̥ǵʰwé (dual first-person indicative)
bʰérǵʰowos (dual first-person subjunctive)
bʰr̥ǵʰih₁wé (dual first-person optative)
bʰr̥ǵʰtóm (dual indicative second-person)
bʰr̥ǵʰtóm (dual imperative second-person)
bʰérǵʰetes (dual second-person subjunctive)
bʰr̥ǵʰih₁tóm (dual optative second-person)
bʰr̥ǵʰtā́m (dual indicative third-person)
bʰr̥ǵʰtā́m (dual imperative third-person)
bʰérǵʰetes (dual subjunctive third-person)
bʰr̥ǵʰih₁tā́m (dual optative third-person)
bʰr̥ǵʰmé (first-person indicative plural)
bʰérǵʰomos (first-person plural subjunctive)
bʰr̥ǵʰih₁mé (first-person optative plural)
bʰr̥ǵʰté (indicative plural second-person)
bʰr̥ǵʰté (imperative plural second-person)
bʰérǵʰete (plural second-person subjunctive)
bʰr̥ǵʰih₁té (optative plural second-person)
bʰr̥ǵʰént (indicative plural third-person)
bʰr̥ǵʰéntu (imperative plural third-person)
bʰérǵʰonti (plural subjunctive third-person)
bʰr̥ǵʰih₁ént (optative plural third-person)
bʰr̥ǵʰónts (indicative participle)
bʰr̥ǵʰh₂é (first-person indicative singular)
bʰr̥ǵʰih₁h₂é (first-person optative singular)
bʰr̥ǵʰth₂é (indicative second-person singular)
bʰr̥ǵʰsó (imperative second-person singular)
bʰr̥ǵʰih₁th₂é (optative second-person singular)
bʰr̥ǵʰtó (indicative singular third-person)
bʰr̥ǵʰó (indicative singular third-person)
bʰérǵʰetor (singular subjunctive third-person)
bʰr̥ǵʰih₁tó (optative singular third-person)
bʰr̥ǵʰih₁ó (optative singular third-person)
bʰr̥ǵʰwédʰh₂ (dual first-person indicative)
bʰr̥ǵʰih₁wédʰh₂ (dual first-person optative)
bʰr̥ǵʰmédʰh₂ (first-person indicative plural)
bʰr̥ǵʰih₁médʰh₂ (first-person optative plural)
bʰr̥ǵʰdʰh₂wé (indicative plural second-person)
bʰr̥ǵʰdʰh₂wé (imperative plural second-person)
bʰr̥ǵʰih₁dʰh₂wé (optative plural second-person)
bʰr̥ǵʰn̥tó (indicative plural third-person)
bʰr̥ǵʰró (indicative plural third-person)
bʰérǵʰontor (plural subjunctive third-person)
bʰr̥ǵʰih₁ró (optative plural third-person)
bʰr̥ǵʰm̥h₁nós (indicative participle)

Proto-Anatolian:

Hittite: 𒈦𒀝𒋫𒊒 (pár-ak-ta-ru /parktaru/, 3sg.imp.med.)

Proto-Armenian:

Old Armenian: եբարձ (ebarj), բարձաւ (barjaw)

Proto-Tocharian:

Tocharian A: pärk

Tocharian B: parka

Athematic root aorist of *bʰerǵʰ- (“to rise up, ascend”).


kʷért

kʷérm̥ (first-person indicative singular)
kʷr̥yéh₁m̥ (first-person optative singular)
kʷérs (indicative second-person singular)
kʷér (imperative second-person singular)
kʷr̥dʰí (imperative second-person singular)
kʷéresi (second-person singular subjunctive)
kʷért (indicative singular third-person)
kʷértu (imperative singular third-person)
kʷéreti (singular subjunctive third-person)
kʷr̥wé (dual first-person indicative)
kʷérowos (dual first-person subjunctive)
kʷr̥tóm (dual indicative second-person)
kʷr̥tóm (dual imperative second-person)
kʷéretes (dual second-person subjunctive)
kʷr̥tā́m (dual indicative third-person)
kʷr̥tā́m (dual imperative third-person)
kʷéretes (dual subjunctive third-person)
kʷr̥mé (first-person indicative plural)
kʷéromos (first-person plural subjunctive)
kʷr̥té (indicative plural second-person)
kʷr̥té (imperative plural second-person)
kʷérete (plural second-person subjunctive)
kʷrént (indicative plural third-person)
kʷréntu (imperative plural third-person)
kʷéronti (plural subjunctive third-person)
kʷrónts (indicative participle)

Proto-Anatolian:

Hittite: 𒆪𒅕𒈪 (ku-er-mi, 1sg.pres.act.), 𒆪𒂊𒅕𒍣 (ku-e-er-zi, “to cut, to cut up, to cut off”, 3sg.pres.act.), 𒆪𒂊𒅕𒋫 (ku-e-er-ta, 3sg.pret.act.)

Luwian: [script needed] (kuwarti)

Proto-Balto-Slavic:

Old Prussian: kūra (“he built”)

Proto-Celtic: *kʷareti (“make, cause”)

Middle Breton: paras (3sg.pret.)

Welsh: peri; paraf (1sg.pres.)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hákart (see there for further descendants)

Athematic root aorist of *kʷer- (“to do, make”).


(s)tunédti

tunédmi (first-person indicative present singular)
stunédmi (first-person indicative present singular)
tunédm̥ (first-person indicative past singular)
stunédm̥ (first-person indicative past singular)
tunédsi (indicative present second-person singular)
stunédsi (indicative present second-person singular)
tunéds (indicative past second-person singular)
stunéds (indicative past second-person singular)
tunéd (imperative second-person singular)
stunéd (imperative second-person singular)
tunddʰí (imperative second-person singular)
stunddʰí (imperative second-person singular)
tunédesi (second-person singular subjunctive)
stunédesi (second-person singular subjunctive)
tunédti (indicative present singular third-person)
stunédti (indicative present singular third-person)
tunédt (indicative past singular third-person)
stunédt (indicative past singular third-person)
tunédtu (imperative singular third-person)
stunédtu (imperative singular third-person)
tunédeti (singular subjunctive third-person)
stunédeti (singular subjunctive third-person)
tundwós (dual first-person indicative present)
stundwós (dual first-person indicative present)
tundwé (dual first-person indicative past)
stundwé (dual first-person indicative past)
tunédowos (dual first-person subjunctive)
stunédowos (dual first-person subjunctive)
tundtés (dual indicative present second-person)
stundtés (dual indicative present second-person)
tundtóm (dual indicative past second-person)
stundtóm (dual indicative past second-person)
tundtóm (dual imperative second-person)
stundtóm (dual imperative second-person)
tunédetes (dual second-person subjunctive)
stunédetes (dual second-person subjunctive)
tundtés (dual indicative present third-person)
stundtés (dual indicative present third-person)
tundtā́m (dual indicative past third-person)
stundtā́m (dual indicative past third-person)
tundtā́m (dual imperative third-person)
stundtā́m (dual imperative third-person)
tunédetes (dual subjunctive third-person)
stunédetes (dual subjunctive third-person)
tundmós (first-person indicative plural present)
stundmós (first-person indicative plural present)
tundmé (first-person indicative past plural)
stundmé (first-person indicative past plural)
tunédomos (first-person plural subjunctive)
stunédomos (first-person plural subjunctive)
tundté (indicative plural present second-person)
stundté (indicative plural present second-person)
tundté (indicative past plural second-person)
stundté (indicative past plural second-person)
tundté (imperative plural second-person)
stundté (imperative plural second-person)
tunédete (plural second-person subjunctive)
stunédete (plural second-person subjunctive)
tundénti (indicative plural present third-person)
stundénti (indicative plural present third-person)
tundént (indicative past plural third-person)
stundént (indicative past plural third-person)
tundéntu (imperative plural third-person)
stundéntu (imperative plural third-person)
tunédonti (plural subjunctive third-person)
stunédonti (plural subjunctive third-person)
tundónts (indicative participle present)
stundónts (indicative participle present)
tundsó (imperative second-person singular)
stundsó (imperative second-person singular)
tundtór (indicative present singular third-person)
stundtór (indicative present singular third-person)
tundór (indicative present singular third-person)
stundór (indicative present singular third-person)
tundtó (indicative past singular third-person)
stundtó (indicative past singular third-person)
tundó (indicative past singular third-person)
stundó (indicative past singular third-person)
tunédetor (singular subjunctive third-person)
stunédetor (singular subjunctive third-person)
tundn̥tór (indicative plural present third-person)
stundn̥tór (indicative plural present third-person)
tundrór (indicative plural present third-person)
stundrór (indicative plural present third-person)
tundn̥tó (indicative past plural third-person)
stundn̥tó (indicative past plural third-person)
tundró (indicative past plural third-person)
stundró (indicative past plural third-person)
tunédontor (plural subjunctive third-person)
stunédontor (plural subjunctive third-person)

⇒ *(s)tund-tó-s

desctree

>? Proto-Germanic: *stuntaz (“short, stunted”)
Old English: stunt
Middle English: stunt, stont
English: stunt
Old High German: *stunz
Middle High German: stunz
Old Norse: stuttr
Icelandic: stuttur
Faroese: stuttur
Norwegian: stutt
 (see there for further descendants)

Albanian: tund

Armenian:

Old Armenian: թնդամ (tʻndam)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tundáti

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tundáti

Sanskrit: तुण्डते (tundáte)

desc

Proto-Iranian: *tundáti (“to act violently”)

Middle Persian: (“sharp, violent”)

Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (twnd /tund/)

Manichaean script: 𐫤𐫇𐫗𐫅 (twnd /tund/)

Kurdish:

Central Kurdish: توند (tund)

Northern Kurdish: tund

Zazaki: tun

Proto-Italic:

desctree

Latin: tundō
Italian: tondere, tondire, tondare
Spanish: tundir
⇒ Vulgar Latin: *tōnsāre
Italian: tosare
Portuguese: tosar

From *(s)tewd- (“to push, hit”) + *-né- (nasal infix).


Proto-Balto-Slavic: *sáušīˀtei

Proto-Slavic: *sušiti (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hsawšáyati

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hsawṣáyati

Sanskrit: शोषयति (śoṣáyati) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Germanic: *sauzijaną (see there for further descendants)

English: sear

From *h₂sews- (“to be dry”) + *-éyeti (causative verbal suffix).


gʰr̥bnā́m (first-person indicative past singular)
gʰr̥bn̥h₂dʰí (imperative second-person singular)
gʰr̥bn̥h₂h₂é (first-person indicative past singular)
gʰr̥bn̥h₂ó (indicative past singular third-person)

Proto-Germanic: *gruppōną (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥bʰnáHti

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥bʰnáHti

Vedic Sanskrit: गृभ्णाति (gṛbhṇāti)

Classical Sanskrit: गृह्णाति (gṛhṇāti) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Iranian:

Avestan: 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬡𐬥𐬁𐬌𐬙𐬌 (gər^əβnāⁱti)

From *gʰrebh₂- (“to seize, dig”) + *-né- (nasal infix).


Proto-Hellenic:

Ancient Greek: ἕηκα (héēka), ἧκα sg (hêka), εἷμεν pl (heîmen)

Proto-Italic: *jēkai

Latin: iēcī

q

⇒ Proto-Italic: *jakjō (< earlier *jīkjō; possibly influenced by *fakjō, if not predictable)

Latin: iaciō (“to throw”)

⇒ Proto-Italic: *jakēō (+ *-ēō)

Latin: iaceō (“to lie down”) (see there for further descendants)

From *(H)yeh₁- (“to throw”) + *-kt (perfective verbal suffix).