sḗm

sḗm (nominative singular)
sém (singular vocative)
sḗm (accusative singular)
smés (genitive singular)
smés (ablative singular)
sméy (dative singular)
sém (locative singular)
sémi (locative singular)
sém (nominative singular)
sém (accusative singular)

>? Proto-Anatolian:

Hittite: 𒊭𒉌 (sani-, “single”)

Proto-Armenian:

desctree

Old Armenian: մի (mi) (< *smiyeh₂-)
Armenian: մի (mi), մը (mə)

Proto-Albanian: *mi̯á-

Proto-Albanian: *ni̯á-

Albanian: një

Proto-Hellenic: *hens (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Hellenic: *hmia (< *sm-ih₂)

Ancient Greek: μία (mía)

Proto-Tocharian: *sems (see there for further descendants)


tréyes

tréyes (nominative plural)
tréyes (plural vocative)
tríms (accusative plural)
tr̥yóHom (genitive plural)
trimós (ablative plural)
tribʰós (ablative plural)
trimós (dative plural)
tribʰós (dative plural)
trisú (locative plural)
trimís (instrumental plural)
tribʰís (instrumental plural)
tísres (nominative plural)
tísres (plural vocative)
tísrm̥s (accusative plural)
tisróHom (genitive plural)
tisr̥mós (ablative plural)
tisr̥bʰós (ablative plural)
tisr̥mós (dative plural)
tisr̥bʰós (dative plural)
tisr̥sú (locative plural)
tisr̥mís (instrumental plural)
tisr̥bʰís (instrumental plural)

Proto-Albanian: *treje (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Anatolian: *trḗs

desc

Hittite: [script needed] (tri-), [script needed] (teri-janna-, “the third time”)

Lycian: 𐊗𐊕𐊁𐊆 (trei)

Luwian: 𔑰𔖱𔓯 (tara/i-)

Milyan: 𐊗𐊕𐊆- (tri-)

Proto-Armenian:

desctree

Old Armenian: երեք (erekʻ)
Armenian: երեք (erekʻ)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tríjes (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Celtic: *trīs (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Germanic: *þrīz (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Hellenic: *tréyes (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tráyas (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Italic: *trēs (see there for further descendants)

Messapic: [script needed] (tri-)

Phrygian: θρί- (thrí-)

Proto-Tocharian: *treyä (see there for further descendants)

Brugmann (1892: 464) suggested original meaning "middle (= protruding) finger", quoting Sanskrit तर्मन् (tarman, “the top of the sacrificial post”) (see *térmn̥) and Ancient Greek τέρθρον (térthron, “tip, end”). This idea was developed by Fay (1910: 416-17), who reconstructed *tri-sth₂-o-s (“tip finger”). In the first component he identified the locative *tr-í- “on-tip”, while the second ("stander") has also to form other finger names, e. g. Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hangúštʰas (“thumb”), Sanskrit कनिष्ठा (kaniṣṭhā, “little finger”), Proto-Balto-Slavic *pírštan (“finger”), etc.
The feminine *tisres is from **trisres, with the same feminine marker, -sr-, of *kʷétesres.


kʷetwóres

kʷetwóres (nominative plural)
kʷetwóres (plural vocative)
kʷetwórm̥s (accusative plural)
kʷeturóHom (genitive plural)
kʷetwr̥mós (ablative plural)
kʷetwr̥bʰós (ablative plural)
kʷetwr̥mós (dative plural)
kʷetwr̥bʰós (dative plural)
kʷetwr̥sú (locative plural)
kʷetwr̥mís (instrumental plural)
kʷetwr̥bʰís (instrumental plural)
kʷétesres (nominative plural)
kʷétesres (plural vocative)
kʷétesrm̥s (accusative plural)
kʷetesróHom (genitive plural)
kʷetesr̥mós (ablative plural)
kʷetesr̥bʰós (ablative plural)
kʷetesr̥mós (dative plural)
kʷetesr̥bʰós (dative plural)
kʷetesr̥sú (locative plural)
kʷetesr̥mís (instrumental plural)
kʷetesr̥bʰís (instrumental plural)
kʷetwṓr (nominative plural)
kʷetwṓr (plural vocative)
kʷetwṓr (accusative plural)

Proto-Albanian: *kátur (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Anatolian: *gʷetʷóres

Lycian: 𐊗𐊁𐊗𐊁𐊕𐊆 (teteri)

Proto-Armenian:

desctree

Old Armenian: չորք (čʻorkʻ)
Armenian: չորս (čʻors)

Proto-Armenian: *kʷtwr̥-

Old Armenian: քառ (kʻaṙ)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ketū́res (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Celtic: *kʷetwores (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Germanic: *fedwōr (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Hellenic: *kʷétwores (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čatwā́ras (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Italic: *kʷettwōr (see there for further descendants)

Lusitanian: petranioi

desc

Phrygian: διθυρ- (dithur-), θιδρα- (thidra-)

Thracian: ketri-

Proto-Tocharian: *ćätwerä (see there for further descendants)

Considering PIE morpheme structure, *kʷetwor- has too many consonants to be a true primitive morpheme. Tentatively, the feminine stem could point to an elemental "four" of the shape **kʷet- or **kʷetu-.


pénkʷe

Proto-Albanian: *penče (see there for further descendants)

Anatolian:

Luwian: 𒉺𒀭𒋫 (paⁿta)

Armenian:

Old Armenian: հինգ (hing)

Armenian: հինգ (hing)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pénki (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Celtic: *kʷenkʷe (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Germanic: *fimf (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Hellenic: *pénkʷe (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pánča (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Italic: *kʷenkʷe (see there for further descendants)

Messapic: 𐌐𐌄𐌍𐌊𐌀- (penka-)

Phrygian: πινκε (pinke)

Proto-Tocharian: *p'ä́ñćä (see there for further descendants)

Usually explained as a derivation from the words for “fist” and “finger”:
* Proto-Indo-European *pn̥kʷ-sti-s (“fist”) > Proto-Germanic *funhstiz > *funstiz > Proto-West Germanic *fūsti (> Old English fȳst (“fist”), Old Frisian fest (“fist”), Old High German fūst (“fist”)); Proto-Slavic *pę̑stь, Lithuanian kumštis.
* Proto-Indo-European *penkʷ-ró-s (“finger”) > Proto-Germanic *fingraz (“finger”) (> Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍂𐍃 (figgrs, “finger”), Old Norse fingr, Old English finger, Old High German finger)
Ultimately all of these forms may go back to a verbal stem *penkʷ- (“to take in hand, to handle”), though such a verb is not attested in any of the daughter languages. In contrast, Blažek (1999: 229) argues that the meanings “fist”, etc. are primary. A relation to *ponkʷ-to- (“all, whole”) has also been suggested, possibly seen in Latin cūnctus and Hittite 𒉺𒀭𒆪𒍑 (pa-an-ku-uš, “family”), thus *pénkʷe meaning “the whole (hand)”.


swéḱs

Proto-Albanian: *seksti (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Armenian:

Old Armenian: վեց (vecʻ)

Armenian: վեց (vecʻ)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *šéš (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Celtic: *swexs (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Germanic: *sehs (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Hellenic: *hwéks (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *šwáćš (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Italic: *seks (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Tocharian: *ṣ(wy)äkä(s)

Tocharian A: ṣäk

Tocharian B: ṣkas

→ Proto-Kartvelian: *eks₁w- (see there for further descendants)

Given the attested forms in the daughter languages, some have proposed that the original form was *wéḱs (whence Armenian, Old Prussian and possibly Ancient Greek). The initial *s- would then be secondary (imported from *septḿ̥), and when it was just added the result was *swéḱs (Celtic, Iranian, and Ancient Greek if it is not from *wéḱs), whereas when it was substituted for the original consonant, the result was *séḱs (Sanskrit, Latin, Germanic, Balto-Slavic, and Albanian).


septḿ̥

Proto-Anatolian: *septam

Hittite: [script needed] (šipta-)

Luwian:

Anatolian hieroglyphic script: [Anatolian hieroglyphic needed] (šaptam-)

Proto-Albanian: *septati (see there for further descendants)

Armenian:

Old Armenian: եօթն (eōtʻn)

Armenian: յոթ (yotʻ)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *septín (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Celtic: *seɸtam (earlier version)

Proto-Celtic: *sextam (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Germanic: *sebun (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Hellenic: *heptə́ (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *saptá (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Italic: *septem (see there for further descendants)

Tocharian:

Tocharian A: ṣpät

Tocharian B: ṣukt

→ Proto-Ugric: *säptɜ (see there for further descendants)


oḱtṓw

Proto-Albanian: *aktṓ (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Anatolian:

Lycian: 𐊀𐊆𐊗𐊙𐊗𐊀 (aitãta)

Proto-Armenian:

desctree

Old Armenian: ութ (utʻ)
Armenian: ութ (utʻ)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *aśtṓ (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Celtic: *oxtū (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Germanic: *ahtōu (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Hellenic: *oktṓ (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Haštā́ (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Italic: *oktō (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Tocharian: *óktu

Tocharian A: okät

Tocharian B: okt

Formally the dual of a stem *(H)oḱto- (“four fingers”). This erstwhile singular seems to appear in Avestan 𐬀𐬱𐬙𐬌- (ašti-, “breadth of four fingers”) and appears to have been borrowed into Proto-Kartvelian as *otxo- (“four”).


Proto-Albanian: *neunti- (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Anatolian: *ʔnū́n

Lycian: 𐊏𐊒𐊏𐊗𐊀𐊗𐊀 (nuntata)

Luwian:

desc

Anatolian hieroglyphic script: 𔒴𔗬 (nuwa[n?])

Armenian:

desctree

Old Armenian: ինն (inn)
Armenian: ինը (inə)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *néwin (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Celtic: *nowan (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Germanic: *newun (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Hellenic: *ennéwə (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hnáwa (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Italic: *nowən (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Tocharian: *ñäwä (see there for further descendants)

According to one theory, related to the PIE adjective *néwos (“new”), allegedly an endingless locative meaning "in the new" (reinforced by the preposition *en (“in”), traces of which can allegedly also be seen in Ancient Greek and Armenian reflexes), from the heteroclitic r/n-stem néwr̥ ~ néwn̥, former of which reflexes can be seen in Ancient Greek νεαρός (nearós, “young, youthful”) and Armenian նոր (nor, “new”). However, prothetic vowels in Greek and Armenian are today usually explained as reflexes of word-initial laryngeal #h₁-, and the evidence is overwhelming that the geminated -νν- of Ancient Greek ἐννέα (ennéa) is of secondary development. The assumption that PIE had a quaternary system (base 4) or octal system (base 8) at some point in prehistory is supported with even less evidence.
Another theory (Blažek 1999:199) takes *h₁néwn̥ to be the accusative of an old primary noun *h₁enu- (“lack”) and thus related to *h₁new (“without”) (whence e.g. Ancient Greek ἄνευ (áneu), German ohne).


déḱm̥

probably (uninflected)
*déḱm̥t (alternative)

q

< <i class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">*déḱm̥t</i>

Proto-Albanian: *detsa (< *déḱm̥t) (see there for further descendants)

Armenian:

desctree

Old Armenian: տասն (tasn)
Armenian: տասը (tasə)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *déśimt < (< *déḱm̥t) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Celtic: *dekam (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Germanic: *tehun (< *déḱm̥t) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Hellenic: *dékə (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dáća (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Italic: *dekem (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Tocharian: *śäk (see there for further descendants)

Unknown; possibly containing *ḱm̥t, from *ḱomt (“hand”), perhaps whence Proto-Germanic *handuz (“hand”). See also *deḱ-.


ḱm̥tóm

q

< <i class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">*ḱḿ̥tom</i>

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śímta < (< *ḱḿ̥tom) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Celtic: *kantom (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Germanic: *hundą (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Hellenic: *hekətón (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćatám (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Italic: *kentom (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Tocharian: *känte (see there for further descendants)

Some sort of derivation from *déḱm̥t (“ten”) (with Pre-IE *d lost or merged with *h₁ in the same way the initial dental obstruent was lost in the oblique cases of *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”)), perhaps its ordinal number (*déḱm̥t + *-ó-). If so then this could come from some phrase, "tenth", whose substantive noun can only be conjectured.


*dwó (alternative)
*duwó (alternative)
*dwṓw (alternative)
dwóy (dual nominative)
dwóy (dual vocative)
dwóy (accusative dual)

Proto-Albanian: *duwō (see there for further descendants)

Anatolian:

Hittite: 𒋫 (ta-)

Luwian: 𔑢𔗬 (tuwa), 𔓯𔖩 (i-zi-)

Milyan: 𐊗𐊂𐊆 (tbi)

Lycian: 𐊋𐊂𐊆 (kbi)

Proto-Armenian:

desctree

Old Armenian: երկու (erku), երկ (erk) — attested once
Armenian: երկու (erku), երկուս (erkus), երկուք (erkukʻ)

Old Armenian: կրկին (krkin) (exact path of derivation disputed)
Armenian: կրկին (krkin)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *duwō (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Celtic: *duwo (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Germanic: *twai (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Hellenic: *dúwo (< *duwó) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dwáH (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Italic: *duō (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Tocharian:

Tocharian A: wu, we

Tocharian B: wi

degë

Proto-Albanian: *duaigā (< *dwoy-gʰ-eh₂); Albanian

twīgą

(forked) branch; twig; see there for further descendants

twihō

⇒ Proto-Germanic: *twihô; Proto-West Germanic

doubt; see there for further descendants

δῐπλοῦς

Ancient Greek: διπλόος (diplóos), δῐπλᾱ́ς (dĭplā́s)

twisk

Proto-Germanic: *twisk(j)a- (“twofold”); Old Saxon


Proto-Albanian: *ainja (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *aiˀnas

Proto-Baltic: *ainas, Proto-Baltic: *einas

Latgalian: vīns

Latvian: viêns

Lithuanian: vi̇́enas

Old Prussian: ains

Proto-Celtic: *oinos (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Germanic: *ainaz (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Hellenic: *óynos

desc

Ancient Greek: οἰνός (oinós, “the ace on dice”), οἴνη (oínē, “the ace on dice”)

Proto-Italic: *oinos (see there for further descendants)

Perhaps built on the pronominal stem *éy (“he, she, it”), in which case the suffix would have been used in contradiction to its presumed usage. Homer's use of feminine ἴα (ía, “one”), from *ih₂, directly from the pronominal stem *i- has been suggested as a corroboration for this.
Alternative forms in PIE include *Hóywos, attested in Greek and Indo-Iranian (cf. Ancient Greek οἶος (oîos), Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀 (aēuua)) and *Hóykos, attested only in Indo-Aryan (Sanskrit एक (éka)).

инокъ

Proto-Slavic: *jьnokъ (see there for further descendants); Old Church Slavonic


tribʰí

instrumental masculine/neuter of *tréyes


wídḱm̥ti

Proto-Albanian: *w(ī)džatī

Albanian: -zet

Proto-Armenian:

desctree

Old Armenian: քսան (kʻsan)
Armenian: քսան (kʻsan)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dwideśimt (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Celtic: *wikantī (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Hellenic: *ewīkəti

Ancient Greek: εἴκοσι (eíkosi), ἐείκοσῐ (eeíkosĭ), ἐείκοσῐν (eeíkosĭn) — Epic, εἴκοσ’ (eíkos’) — apocopic, ϝίκᾰτῐ (wíkătĭ) — Doric, ϝείκᾰτῐ, ϝίκᾰτῐ, βείκᾰτῐ (weíkătĭ, wíkătĭ, beíkătĭ) — Laconian
Greek: είκοσι (eíkosi)

Doric: ϝείκατι (weíkati)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HwiHćati (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Italic: *wīgentī
Latin: vīgintī (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Tocharian: *w'īkän

Tocharian A: wiki

Tocharian B: ikäṃ

Tocharian B: ikante

From earlier *dwidḱómt, with loss of initial *d- (or perhaps, as suggested by Hellenic, dissimilation to *h₁-) and compensatory lengthening, from *dwi- (“two”) + *déḱm̥ (“ten”). The change from *wīdḱómt- > wīḱm̥t- was in analogy to *déḱm̥ (“ten”).


tridḱómt

Albanian: tridhjetë

Proto-Armenian: (< *trīḱomt)

Old Armenian: երեսուն (eresun)

Armenian: երեսուն (eresun)

Proto-Celtic: *trīkonts (see there for further descendants) (< *trīḱomt)

Proto-Hellenic:

Ancient Greek: τριάκοντα (triákonta)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *triHćát (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Italic:

Latin: trīgintā (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Tocharian: *täryākā

Tocharian A: taryāk

Tocharian B: täryāka


kʷétwr̥dḱomt

Proto-Armenian: (< *kʷetwr̥̄ḱomt)

Old Armenian: քառասուն (kʻaṙasun)

Armenian: քառասուն (kʻaṙasun)

Proto-Celtic: *kʷetrVkonts

Old Irish: cethorcho
Middle Irish: cethracha
Irish: ceathracha

Proto-Hellenic: (< *kʷetwr̥̄ḱomt)

desc

τεσσαράκοντα

Ancient Greek: τεσσαράκοντα (tessarákonta)

Greek: σαράντα (saránta)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čatwārHćát

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćatwārHśát

Sanskrit: चत्वारिंशत् (catvāriṃśát)

Hindustani:

Hindi: चालीस (cālīs)

Urdu: چالیس (cālīs)

Proto-Iranian: *čatwārHcát

Avestan: 𐬗𐬀𐬚𐬡𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬯𐬀𐬙 (caθβar^əsat)

Persian: چهل (čehel)

Proto-Italic:

Latin: quadrāgintā (see there for further descendants)

From *kʷetwr̥- (“four”) + *déḱm̥ (“ten”).


pénkʷedḱomt

Armenian:

Old Armenian: յիսուն (yisun)

Armenian: հիսուն (hisun)

Proto-Celtic: *kʷenkʷekonts (see there for further descendants)

Hellenic:

Ancient Greek: πεντήκοντα (pentḗkonta)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pančaHćát

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *panćaHśát

Sanskrit: पञ्चाशत् (pañcāśát)

Hindustani:

Hindi: पचास (pacās)

Urdu: پچاس (pacās)

Proto-Iranian: *pančaHcát

Northern Kurdish: pêncî

Persian: پنجاه (panjâh)

Italic:

Latin: quīnquāgintā

Vulgar Latin: cīnquāgintā (see there for further descendants)


swéḱsdḱomt

Armenian:

Old Armenian: վաթսուն (vatʻsun)

Armenian: վաթսուն (vatʻsun)

desctree

Proto-Celtic: *swexskonts
Old Irish: sesca
Middle Irish: sesca
Irish: seasca
Scottish Gaelic: seasgad

Hellenic:

Ancient Greek: ἑξήκοντα (hexḗkonta)

Byzantine Greek: ἑξήντα (hexḗnta)

Greek: εξήντα (exínta)

q

< <i class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">*sweḱstis</i>

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *šwaštiš (< *sweḱstis)

Proto-Indo-Aryan:

Sanskrit: षष्टि (ṣaṣṭí)

Pali: saṭṭhi

desc

Sauraseni Prakrit: [script needed] (saṭṭhi)

Hindi: साठ (sāṭh)

Urdu: ساٹھ (sāṭh)

Proto-Iranian:

Younger Avestan: 𐬑𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬱𐬙𐬌 (xšuuašti)

Northern Kurdish: şêst

Persian: شصت (šast)

Italic:

Latin: sexāgintā

Tocharian

Tocharian B: ṣkaska


septḿ̥dḱomt

Armenian:

Old Armenian: եօթանասուն (eōtʻanasun)

Armenian: յոթանասուն (yotʻanasun)

Celtic:

Old Irish: sechtmoga

Irish: seachtó

Hellenic:

Ancient Greek: ἑβδομήκοντα (hebdomḗkonta) (< *septm̥ḱómth₂)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *saptatí

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *saptatí f

Sanskrit: सप्तति (saptatí)

Pali: sattari

Bengali: সত্তর (śottor)

Hindi: सत्तर (sattar)

Proto-Iranian: *haptatí

Northern Kurdish: heftê

Persian: هفتاد (haftâd)

Tajik: хафтод (xaftod)

Italic:

Latin: septuāgintā (see there for further descendants)

Tocharian:

Tocharian A: ṣutaṅka

Tocharian B: ṣäptuk

From *septḿ̥ (“seven”) + *déḱm̥ (“ten”).


oḱtódḱomt

Armenian:

Old Armenian: ութսուն (utʻsun)

Armenian: ութսուն (utʻsun), ութանասուն (utʻanasun) (influenced by յոթանասուն (yotʻanasun, “seventy”))

Celtic:

Old Irish: ochtmoga

Irish: ochtó

Hellenic:

Ancient Greek: ὀγδοήκοντα (ogdoḗkonta)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *aštaHtí

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *aśiHtíṣ m

Sanskrit: अशीति (aśītí)

Pali: asīti

Bengali: আশি (aśi)

Hindi: अस्सी (assī)

Urdu: اسی (assī)

Proto-Iranian: *aštaHtí

Northern Kurdish: heştê

Persian: هشتاد (haštâd)

Tajik: хаштод (xaštod)

Italic:

Latin: octōgintā (see there for further descendants)

Tocharian:

Tocharian A: oktuk

Tocharian B: oktaṅka, oktamka, oktaṁka


Proto-Armenian: *in(u)nísun

desctree

Old Armenian: իննսուն (innsun)
Armenian: իննսուն (innsun)

desc

Proto-Hellenic: (*enéwnəekontə >) *enéwnēkontə, *ennéwəkontə

Ancient Greek: ἐνενήκοντα (enenḗkonta), ἐννήκοντα (ennḗkonta)

Greek: ενενήντα (enenínta)

Proto-Italic: *nounagmta

Old Latin: *nūnagintā

Latin: nōnāgintā (see there for further descendants)

Vulgar Latin: *nōvāgintā (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *newin(t)śumta

⇒ Proto-Slavic: *devę(t)nòsъto (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Tocharian: *ñäwäka

Tocharian A: nmuk

Tocharian B: ñumka, ñuṅka

Proto-Celtic: *naukontes

desctree

Old Irish: nócha
Middle Irish: nócha
Irish: nócha

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hnawatí (see there for further descendants)

From *h₁néwn̥ (“nine”) + *déḱm̥ (“ten”).


tisres

Proto-Celtic: *tisres

Proto-Brythonic: *teir

Welsh: tair

Old Irish: teoir

Gaulish: tiđres

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tišrás

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tisrás

Sanskrit: तिस्रः (tisráḥ)

Proto-Iranian: *tišráh

Avestan: 𐬙𐬌𐬱𐬭𐬋 (tišrō)

Possibly dissimilated from earlier *trisres, itself from *tréyes + *-sōr.


ǵʰéslom

From *ǵʰes- (“hand”) + *-lom, as if "full hand".


tuHsont-

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tū́ˀsantis (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Germanic: *þūsundī (see there for further descendants)

Possibly from *tewh₂- (“to swell”). According to Kroonen, the root should be reconstructed as *tuh₂sdḱmto-, compounded from a prefix *tuh₂s- (from *tewh₂-) and *déḱm̥t (“ten”) or *ḱm̥tóm (“hundred”).


kʷétesres

feminine nominative/vocative of *kʷetwóres