loykʷós

loykʷós (nominative singular)
loykʷóes (nominative plural)
loykʷé (singular vocative)
loykʷóes (plural vocative)
loykʷóm (accusative singular)
loykʷóms (accusative plural)
loykʷósyo (genitive singular)
loykʷóHom (genitive plural)
loykʷéad (ablative singular)
loykʷómos (ablative plural)
loykʷóbʰos (ablative plural)
loykʷóey (dative singular)
loykʷómos (dative plural)
loykʷóbʰos (dative plural)
loykʷéy (locative singular)
loykʷóy (locative singular)
loykʷóysu (locative plural)
loykʷṓys (instrumental plural)
loykʷā́m (accusative singular)
loykʷóm (nominative singular)
loykʷóy (dual nominative)
loykʷóm (singular vocative)
loykʷóy (dual vocative)
loykʷóy (accusative dual)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *lajkás

Latgalian: laiks

Latvian: laiks (“time”)

desc

Lithuanian: lai̇̃kas (“time”), ⇒ atlaikas (“remains”)

Proto-Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: отлѣкъ (otlěkŭ, “remains”)

Proto-Hellenic:

Ancient Greek: λοιπός (loipós)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *raykás

Proto-Indo-Aryan:

⇒ Sanskrit: अतिरेक (atireká, “surplus, excess”), प्ररेक (prareká, “abundance, plenty”)

From *leykʷ- (“to leave behind”) + *-ós (deverbal adjective suffix).


lewbʰós

lewbʰós (nominative singular)
lewbʰóes (nominative plural)
lewbʰé (singular vocative)
lewbʰóes (plural vocative)
lewbʰóm (accusative singular)
lewbʰóms (accusative plural)
lewbʰósyo (genitive singular)
lewbʰóHom (genitive plural)
lewbʰéad (ablative singular)
lewbʰómos (ablative plural)
lewbʰóbʰos (ablative plural)
lewbʰóey (dative singular)
lewbʰómos (dative plural)
lewbʰóbʰos (dative plural)
lewbʰéy (locative singular)
lewbʰóy (locative singular)
lewbʰóysu (locative plural)
lewbʰṓys (instrumental plural)
lewbʰā́m (accusative singular)
lewbʰóm (nominative singular)
lewbʰóy (dual nominative)
lewbʰóm (singular vocative)
lewbʰóy (dual vocative)
lewbʰóy (accusative dual)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ljaubas

Proto-Slavic: *ľubъ (see there for further descendants)

desc

Proto-Germanic: *leubaz (“dear, beloved”) (see there for further descendants)

From *lewbʰ- (“to desire, love”) + *-ós (adjective suffix).


ǵenh₁óh₁ (dual nominative)
ǵenh₁é (singular vocative)
ǵenh₁óh₁ (dual vocative)
ǵenh₁óh₁ (accusative dual)
ǵenh₁óh₁ (instrumental singular)
ǵenh₁éh₂ (nominative singular)
ǵenh₁éh₂h₁ (dual nominative)
ǵenh₁éh₂ (singular vocative)
ǵenh₁éh₂h₁ (dual vocative)
ǵenh₁ā́m (accusative singular)
ǵenh₁éh₂h₁ (accusative dual)
ǵenh₁éh₂ (locative singular)
ǵenh₁éh₂h₁ (instrumental singular)
ǵenh₁éh₂ (nominative plural)
ǵenh₁éh₂ (plural vocative)
ǵenh₁éh₂ (accusative plural)

desctree

with "birth" noun from a nominalization as an i-stem, and a-stem compounds homologous to Latin <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">-gena</i>

Old Armenian: ծին (cin) (with "birth" noun from a nominalization as an i-stem, and a-stem compounds homologous to Latin -gena)
Armenian: ծին (cin)

Proto-Celtic: *genos (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Italic: *-genos

Latin: -genus, -gena

From *ǵenh₁- (“to give birth”) + *-ós (adjectival suffix).


pokʷtós

non-ablauting (romanization)
pokʷtós (nominative singular)
pokʷtóes (nominative plural)
pokʷté (singular vocative)
pokʷtóes (plural vocative)
pokʷtóm (accusative singular)
pokʷtóms (accusative plural)
pokʷtósyo (genitive singular)
pokʷtóHom (genitive plural)
pokʷtéad (ablative singular)
pokʷtómos (ablative plural)
pokʷtóbʰos (ablative plural)
pokʷtóey (dative singular)
pokʷtómos (dative plural)
pokʷtóbʰos (dative plural)
pokʷtéy (locative singular)
pokʷtóy (locative singular)
pokʷtóysu (locative plural)
pokʷtṓys (instrumental plural)
pokʷtā́m (accusative singular)
pokʷtóm (nominative singular)
pokʷtóy (dual nominative)
pokʷtóm (singular vocative)
pokʷtóy (dual vocative)
pokʷtóy (accusative dual)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *paktas (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Celtic: *kʷoxtos (see there for further descendants)

(perhaps) Proto-Hellenic: *pekʷtós

Ancient Greek: πεπτός (peptós)

Proto-Italic: *kʷoktos

Latin: coctus

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *páktas

Proto-Iranian: *páktah

Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬗𐬙𐬀 (pacta)

From *pekʷ- (“to cook”) + *-tós (deverbal adjectival suffix).


mn̥tós

mn̥tós (nominative singular)
mn̥tóes (nominative plural)
mn̥té (singular vocative)
mn̥tóes (plural vocative)
mn̥tóm (accusative singular)
mn̥tóms (accusative plural)
mn̥tósyo (genitive singular)
mn̥tóHom (genitive plural)
mn̥téad (ablative singular)
mn̥tómos (ablative plural)
mn̥tóbʰos (ablative plural)
mn̥tóey (dative singular)
mn̥tómos (dative plural)
mn̥tóbʰos (dative plural)
mn̥téy (locative singular)
mn̥tóy (locative singular)
mn̥tóysu (locative plural)
mn̥tṓys (instrumental plural)
mn̥tā́m (accusative singular)
mn̥tóm (nominative singular)
mn̥tóy (dual nominative)
mn̥tóm (singular vocative)
mn̥tóy (dual vocative)
mn̥tóy (accusative dual)

Proto-Hellenic: *mətós

desc

Ancient Greek: (αὐτό)ματος ((autó)matos)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *matás

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *matás

Sanskrit: मत (matá)

Proto-Italic: *məntos

Latin: (com)mentus

From *men- (“to think”) + *-tós (verbal adjective suffix).


mn̥tós

Proto-Celtic: *manto- (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Italic: *məntom

Latin: mentum, ⇒? mentula (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Germanic: *munþaz (see there for further descendants)

From *men- (“to protrude”) + *-tós (verbal adjective suffix).


bʰeydʰós

bʰeydʰós (nominative singular)
bʰeydʰóes (nominative plural)
bʰeydʰé (singular vocative)
bʰeydʰóes (plural vocative)
bʰeydʰóm (accusative singular)
bʰeydʰóms (accusative plural)
bʰeydʰósyo (genitive singular)
bʰeydʰóHom (genitive plural)
bʰeydʰéad (ablative singular)
bʰeydʰómos (ablative plural)
bʰeydʰóbʰos (ablative plural)
bʰeydʰóey (dative singular)
bʰeydʰómos (dative plural)
bʰeydʰóbʰos (dative plural)
bʰeydʰéy (locative singular)
bʰeydʰóy (locative singular)
bʰeydʰóysu (locative plural)
bʰeydʰṓys (instrumental plural)
bʰeydʰā́m (accusative singular)
bʰeydʰóm (nominative singular)
bʰeydʰóy (dual nominative)
bʰeydʰóm (singular vocative)
bʰeydʰóy (dual vocative)
bʰeydʰóy (accusative dual)

Proto-Hellenic: *peitʰós

desc

Ancient Greek: πειθός (peithós, “persuasive, credible, faithful”)

Proto-Italic: *feiðos

Latin: fīdus (see there for further descendants)

From *bʰeydʰ- (“to trust”) + *-ós (deverbal adjective suffix).


h₃roǵóh₁ (dual nominative)
h₃roǵé (singular vocative)
h₃roǵóh₁ (dual vocative)
h₃roǵóh₁ (accusative dual)
h₃roǵóh₁ (instrumental singular)
h₃roǵéh₂ (nominative singular)
h₃roǵéh₂h₁ (dual nominative)
h₃roǵéh₂ (singular vocative)
h₃roǵéh₂h₁ (dual vocative)
h₃roǵā́m (accusative singular)
h₃roǵéh₂h₁ (accusative dual)
h₃roǵéh₂ (locative singular)
h₃roǵéh₂h₁ (instrumental singular)
h₃roǵéh₂ (nominative plural)
h₃roǵéh₂ (plural vocative)
h₃roǵéh₂ (accusative plural)

desc

Proto-Germanic: *rakaz (“straight”) (with Verner's law reverted by analogy?)

Proto-West Germanic: *rak

Middle Low German: rak

Old Norse: rakr

Proto-Italic: *rogos

Latin: rogus (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Latin: rogō (see there for further descendants)

From *h₃reǵ- (“to straighten”) + *-ós (deverbal adjective suffix).


nigʷtós

nigʷtós (nominative singular)
nigʷtóes (nominative plural)
nigʷté (singular vocative)
nigʷtóes (plural vocative)
nigʷtóm (accusative singular)
nigʷtóms (accusative plural)
nigʷtósyo (genitive singular)
nigʷtóHom (genitive plural)
nigʷtéad (ablative singular)
nigʷtómos (ablative plural)
nigʷtóbʰos (ablative plural)
nigʷtóey (dative singular)
nigʷtómos (dative plural)
nigʷtóbʰos (dative plural)
nigʷtéy (locative singular)
nigʷtóy (locative singular)
nigʷtóysu (locative plural)
nigʷtṓys (instrumental plural)
nigʷtā́m (accusative singular)
nigʷtóm (nominative singular)
nigʷtóy (dual nominative)
nigʷtóm (singular vocative)
nigʷtóy (dual vocative)
nigʷtóy (accusative dual)

Proto-Celtic: *nixtos

Middle Irish: necht

q

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ine-pro">*n̥-nigʷ-tó-s</i>

Proto-Hellenic: *ənikʷtos (*n̥-nigʷ-tó-s)

Ancient Greek: ἄνιπτος (ániptos)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *niktás

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *niktás

Sanskrit: निक्त (niktá)

From *neygʷ- (“to wash”) + *-tós (verbal adjective suffix).


kʷelsós

kʷelsós (nominative singular)
kʷelsóes (nominative plural)
kʷelsé (singular vocative)
kʷelsóes (plural vocative)
kʷelsóm (accusative singular)
kʷelsóms (accusative plural)
kʷelsósyo (genitive singular)
kʷelsóHom (genitive plural)
kʷelséad (ablative singular)
kʷelsómos (ablative plural)
kʷelsóbʰos (ablative plural)
kʷelsóey (dative singular)
kʷelsómos (dative plural)
kʷelsóbʰos (dative plural)
kʷelséy (locative singular)
kʷelsóy (locative singular)
kʷelsóysu (locative plural)
kʷelsṓys (instrumental plural)
kʷelsā́m (accusative singular)
kʷelsóm (nominative singular)
kʷelsóy (dual nominative)
kʷelsóm (singular vocative)
kʷelsóy (dual vocative)
kʷelsóy (accusative dual)

Proto-Celtic: *kʷelsos (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Hellenic:

desc

Ancient Greek: τέλσον (télson, “headland”) (an accent-retracted nominalization)

From *kʷélh₁os (“turn”), a neuter *-os action noun from *kʷelh₁- surviving in Ancient Greek τέλος (télos, “end”), further suffixed with *-ós (possessive adjective suffix).

halsaz

*kʷóls-o- (“neck”, o-grade nominalization, literally “(something) turning”)

with irregular delabialization; see there for further descendants


kripsós

kripsós (nominative singular)
kripsóes (nominative plural)
kripsé (singular vocative)
kripsóes (plural vocative)
kripsóm (accusative singular)
kripsóms (accusative plural)
kripsósyo (genitive singular)
kripsóHom (genitive plural)
kripséad (ablative singular)
kripsómos (ablative plural)
kripsóbʰos (ablative plural)
kripsóey (dative singular)
kripsómos (dative plural)
kripsóbʰos (dative plural)
kripséy (locative singular)
kripsóy (locative singular)
kripsóysu (locative plural)
kripsṓys (instrumental plural)
kripsā́m (accusative singular)
kripsóm (nominative singular)
kripsóy (dual nominative)
kripsóm (singular vocative)
kripsóy (dual vocative)
kripsóy (accusative dual)

Proto-Celtic: *krixsos (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Germanic:

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *hrispā (“curl”)

⇒ Old High German: hrispahi (“shrubbery”)

Middle High German: rispe (“truss, bush”), ⇒ rispen, rispeln (“to curl, ripple”)

Middle Low German: rispe

Proto-Italic: *krispos

Latin: crispus (see there for further descendants)

From *kreyp- (“to turn”) + *-os (action noun suffix) + *-ós (possessive adjective suffix). The same root also gave Lithuanian krei̇̃pti (“to turn”) and Old Norse hreifa (“to swing”).
De Vaan's reconstruction and decomposition *kris-p-o-, extracting a root *kreys- from which he also derives Latin crīnis, must be rejected due to requiring an unexplainable *-p- extension. Matasović and Kroonen copy and accept De Vaan's derivation.


bʰorós

bʰorós (nominative singular)
bʰoróes (nominative plural)
bʰoré (singular vocative)
bʰoróes (plural vocative)
bʰoróm (accusative singular)
bʰoróms (accusative plural)
bʰorósyo (genitive singular)
bʰoróHom (genitive plural)
bʰoréad (ablative singular)
bʰorómos (ablative plural)
bʰoróbʰos (ablative plural)
bʰoróey (dative singular)
bʰorómos (dative plural)
bʰoróbʰos (dative plural)
bʰoréy (locative singular)
bʰoróy (locative singular)
bʰoróysu (locative plural)
bʰorṓys (instrumental plural)
bʰorā́m (accusative singular)
bʰoróm (nominative singular)
bʰoróy (dual nominative)
bʰoróm (singular vocative)
bʰoróy (dual vocative)
bʰoróy (accusative dual)

Proto-Hellenic: *pʰorós

desc

Ancient Greek: φορός (phorós, “bearing, carrying, tending”)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰārás

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bʰārás

Sanskrit: भार (bhārá-, “bearing, carrying, bringing; bestowing, granting; burden, load, weight”)

Proto-Iranian: *bāráh

Avestan: 𐬠𐬁𐬭𐬀 (bāra)

Old Median: *-βārə́h

Proto-Italic: *-foros

Latin: -fer

From *bʰer- (“to carry”) + *-ós (agentive adjective suffix).


bʰérǵʰus

bʰérǵʰus (nominative singular)
bʰérǵʰuh₁ (dual nominative)
bʰérǵʰuh₁e (dual nominative)
bʰérǵʰewes (nominative plural)
bʰérǵʰu (singular vocative)
bʰérǵʰuh₁ (dual vocative)
bʰérǵʰuh₁e (dual vocative)
bʰérǵʰewes (plural vocative)
bʰérǵʰum (accusative singular)
bʰérǵʰuh₁ (accusative dual)
bʰérǵʰuh₁e (accusative dual)
bʰérǵʰums (accusative plural)
bʰr̥ǵʰéws (genitive singular)
bʰr̥ǵʰéwoHom (genitive plural)
bʰr̥ǵʰéws (ablative singular)
bʰr̥ǵʰúmos (ablative plural)
bʰr̥ǵʰúbʰos (ablative plural)
bʰr̥ǵʰéwey (dative singular)
bʰr̥ǵʰúmos (dative plural)
bʰr̥ǵʰúbʰos (dative plural)
bʰr̥ǵʰéw (locative singular)
bʰr̥ǵʰéwi (locative singular)
bʰr̥ǵʰúsu (locative plural)
bʰr̥ǵʰúh₁ (instrumental singular)
bʰr̥ǵʰúmis (instrumental plural)
bʰr̥ǵʰúbʰis (instrumental plural)
bʰr̥ǵʰéwih₂ (nominative singular)
bʰr̥ǵʰéwih₂h₁ (dual nominative)
bʰr̥ǵʰéwih₂h₁e (dual nominative)
bʰr̥ǵʰéwih₂ (singular vocative)
bʰr̥ǵʰéwih₂h₁ (dual vocative)
bʰr̥ǵʰéwih₂h₁e (dual vocative)
bʰr̥ǵʰéwih₂m̥ (accusative singular)
bʰr̥ǵʰéwih₂h₁ (accusative dual)
bʰr̥ǵʰéwih₂h₁e (accusative dual)
bʰr̥ǵʰéwih₂m̥s (accusative plural)
bʰr̥ǵʰuyéh₂s (genitive singular)
bʰr̥ǵʰuyéh₂s (ablative singular)
bʰr̥ǵʰuyéh₂ (locative singular)
bʰr̥ǵʰuyéh₂i (locative singular)
bʰr̥ǵʰuyéh₂h₁ (instrumental singular)
bʰérǵʰu (nominative singular)
bʰérǵʰwih₁ (dual nominative)
bʰérǵʰuh₂ (nominative plural)
bʰérǵʰwih₁ (dual vocative)
bʰérǵʰuh₂ (plural vocative)
bʰérǵʰu (accusative singular)
bʰérǵʰwih₁ (accusative dual)
bʰérǵʰuh₂ (accusative plural)

Proto-Anatolian:

Hittite: 𒈦𒆪𒍑 (pár-ku-uš /parkuš/)

Proto-Armenian: *barju

⇒ Old Armenian: բարձր (barjr)

desctree

Proto-Celtic: *bergus
Gaulish: *bergisamos, *bergimos (superlative forms)
→ Latin: Bergimus (divine and personal name), Berisamus (place name)
⇒ Celtiberian: berkuakum (gen. pl. m.) (suffixed with *-ākos)

From *bʰerǵʰ- (“rise up, ascend”) + *-us (Caland system suffix).


>? Proto-Albanian: *paru

q

or from <i class="Latn mention" lang="sqj-pro">*para</i>

Albanian: parë (or from *para)

Proto-Armenian:

Old Armenian: հարաւ (haraw) (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pírˀwas

Proto-Slavic: *pь̀rvъ (see there for further descendants)

⇒ Proto-Germanic: *furwōstaz, *furwistaz

Old English: forwost, forwest

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pr̥Hwás (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Tocharian: *pärwe

Tocharian A: pärwat (with -t from the other ordinal numbers)

Tocharian B: parwe

Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme


Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pītas (< *ph₃itós)

Proto-Slavic: *pitъ

Proto-Hellenic: *potós

desc

Ancient Greek: ποτός (potós, “drunk; that which drinks; drink, for drinking”)

desctree

Proto-Italic: *pōtos
Latin: pōtus
→ Italian: poto
⇒ Latin: pōtō (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pHtás

Sanskrit: पी॒त (pītá) (see there for further descendants)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *peh₃-
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Indo-European *ph₃tós
From *peh₃- + *-tós.