See ǵenh₁- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵénh₁-ti (root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*gniyeti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *gniyeti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *gniyeti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́ánati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ánati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ánati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́ánati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́ánati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́ánati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जनति",
"tr": "jánati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जनति (jánati)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जनति (jánati) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*jánati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *jánati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *jánati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Eastern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬰𐬂",
"t": "to give birth"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬂 (zå, “to give birth”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬂 (zå, “to give birth”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northeastern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "-",
"t": "to bear, bring forth usually of animals; to be born, grow"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian: (“to bear, bring forth [usually of animals]; to be born, grow”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ossetian: (“to bear, bring forth [usually of animals]; to be born, grow”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os-dig",
"2": "зайин"
},
"expansion": "Digor Ossetian: зайин (zajin)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Digor Ossetian: зайин (zajin)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os-iro",
"2": "зайун"
},
"expansion": "Iron Ossetian: зайун (zajun)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Iron Ossetian: зайун (zajun)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sogdo-Bactrian:"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbc",
"2": "ζαδο",
"t": "born (ppp)"
},
"expansion": "Bactrian: ζαδο (zado, “born (ppp)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bactrian: ζαδο (zado, “born (ppp)”)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xco",
"2": "",
"t": "born (ppp)",
"tr": "zʼd"
},
"expansion": "Khwarezmian: [script needed] (zʼd, “born (ppp)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khwarezmian: [script needed] (zʼd, “born (ppp)”)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "-",
"ts": "zan-"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian: (/zan-/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian: (/zan-/)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "zn"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: [Manichaean needed] (zn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: [Manichaean needed] (zn)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "",
"sc": "Sogd",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "zn"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian script: [script needed] (zn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian script: [script needed] (zn)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "ܙܢ",
"sc": "Syrc",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "zn"
},
"expansion": "Syriac script: ܙܢ (zn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Syriac script: ܙܢ (zn)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yai",
"2": "зан",
"alt": "зан-",
"t": "bear, give birth; to be born"
},
"expansion": "Yagnobi: зан- (zan-, “bear, give birth; to be born”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yagnobi: зан- (zan-, “bear, give birth; to be born”), за́нта (zánta)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southeastern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "زوول",
"t": "to give birth to, to bear, to bring forth",
"tr": "zōwul"
},
"expansion": "Pashto: زوول (zōwul, “to give birth to, to bear, to bring forth”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pashto: زوول (zōwul, “to give birth to, to bear, to bring forth”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northwestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "زات",
"tr": "zát"
},
"expansion": "Baluchi: زات (zát)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Baluchi: زات (zát), زای (zá(y)-)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kurdish:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "زان"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish: زان (zan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Kurdish: زان (zan), -زێ- (-zê-)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "zayîn"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: zayîn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: zayîn, zan, -zê-"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-mpr-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Medo-Parthian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Medo-Parthian:"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [],
"text": "Caspian:"
},
{
"depth": 7,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "glk",
"2": "",
"tr": "zaan"
},
"expansion": "Gilaki: [script needed] (zaan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gilaki: [script needed] (zaan), زاج (zāj-)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "-",
"t": "to give birth to; be born",
"ts": "zāy-, zāyad"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: (/zāy-, zāyad/, “to give birth to; be born”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: (/zāy-, zāyad/, “to give birth to; be born”)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "zʾy-"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: [Manichaean needed] (zʾy-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: [Manichaean needed] (zʾy-) , [script needed] (zʼyd)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-zgr-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Zaza-Gorani:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Zaza-Gorani:"
},
{
"depth": 7,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hac",
"2": "زای",
"tr": "zāy"
},
"expansion": "Gurani: زای (zāy)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gurani: زای (zāy), ز (-z-)"
},
{
"depth": 7,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zza",
"2": "zayene"
},
"expansion": "Zazaki: zayene",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Zazaki: zayene, za-"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southwestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-",
"t": "to bear, give birth to; engender, be born, come forth",
"ts": "zādan, zāy-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: (/zādan, zāy-/, “to bear, give birth to; engender, be born, come forth”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: (/zādan, zāy-/, “to bear, give birth to; engender, be born, come forth”); [Term?] (/zāyēnīdan, zāyēn-/, “to bear, give birth to”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "Y̠LYDWNtn'"
},
"expansion": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (Y̠LYDWNtn')",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (Y̠LYDWNtn'), [script needed] (zʾtn'), [script needed] (zʼ-)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "zʾd"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: [Manichaean needed] (zʾd)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: [Manichaean needed] (zʾd), [script needed] (zʾy-); [script needed] (zʾyn-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵn̥h₁-yé-tor (deponent ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ganyetor"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ganyetor",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *ganyetor (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́aHyátay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́aHyátay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́aHyátay"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́aHyátay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́aHyátay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́aHyátay"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जायते",
"tr": "jā́yate"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जायते (jā́yate)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जायते (jā́yate) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जायति",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Sanskrit: जायति (jāyati)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Epic"
},
"expansion": "(Epic)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Sanskrit: जायति (jāyati) (Epic)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "as",
"2": "জগা"
},
"expansion": "Assamese: জগা (zoga)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Assamese: জগা (zoga)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́aHyátay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *ȷ́aHyátay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *ȷ́aHyátay"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "zaiiāite"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: zaiiāite",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: zaiiāite"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬌𐬙𐬌",
"der": "1",
"tr": "zaiiaiti"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬌𐬙𐬌 (zaiiaiti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬌𐬙𐬌 (zaiiaiti)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵénh₁-ye-tor (deponent ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*géňňomai"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *géňňomai",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *géňňomai"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γείνομαι"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: γείνομαι (geínomai)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: γείνομαι (geínomai)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जन्यते"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जन्यते (janyate)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जन्यते (janyate)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵí-ǵn̥h₁-e-ti (reduplicated thematic present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जीज॑नत्",
"tr": "jī́janat"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जीज॑नत् (jī́janat)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vedic Sanskrit: जीज॑नत् (jī́janat)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬰𐬍𐬰𐬀𐬥𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬌"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬍𐬰𐬀𐬥𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬌 (zīzanəṇti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬍𐬰𐬀𐬥𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬌 (zīzanəṇti)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "زېږېدل",
"t": "to be born",
"tr": "zēẓ̌ēdəl"
},
"expansion": "Pashto: زېږېدل (zēẓ̌ēdəl, “to be born”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pashto: زېږېدل (zēẓ̌ēdəl, “to be born”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*gígnomai"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *gígnomai",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *gígnomai"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γίγνομαι"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: γίγνομαι (gígnomai)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: γίγνομαι (gígnomai)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*gignō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *gignō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *gignō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "gignō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: gignō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: gignō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵn̥h₁-sḱé-ti (sḱe-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*gnāskōr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *gnāskōr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *gnāskōr"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "nāscor"
},
"expansion": "Latin: nāscor",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: nāscor (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵénh₁-mn̥ ~ *ǵn̥h₁-mén-s (“seed, offspring”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵónh₁-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵonh₁-éh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*gonā́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *gonā́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *gonā́"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γονή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: γονή (gonḗ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: γονή (gonḗ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵénh₁-os ~ *ǵénh₁-es-os (“race, lineage”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵenh₁-es-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*genehā́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *genehā́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *genehā́"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γενεᾱ́"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: γενεᾱ́ (geneā́)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: γενεᾱ́ (geneā́)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵénh₁-ti-s ~ *ǵn̥h₁-téy-s (“birth, production”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵn̥h₁-tó-s (“produced, begotten”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵénh₁-tōr ~ *ǵn̥h₁-tr-és (“parent”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵénh₁-tr-ih₂ ~ *ǵénh₁-tr-yeh₂-es (“parent”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵn̥h₁-yo-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kunją",
"gloss": "kin, family"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *kunją (“kin, family”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *kunją (“kin, family”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kuningaz",
"gloss": "king"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *kuningaz (“king”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *kuningaz (“king”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "genius"
},
"expansion": "Latin: genius",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: genius"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵn̥h₁-i-wo-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "naevus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: naevus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: naevus, Gnaeus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵenh₁-tl-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ծնաւղ",
"gloss": "parent"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: ծնաւղ (cnawł, “parent”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: ծնաւղ (cnawł, “parent”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵenh₁-dʰl-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γένεθλον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: γένεθλον (génethlon)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: γένεθλον (génethlon), γενέθλη (genéthlē), γενέθλιος (genéthlios)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pro-ǵenh₁-ti-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*frazanti-",
"t": "offspring, progeny"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *frazanti- (“offspring, progeny”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *frazanti- (“offspring, progeny”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Eastern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬥𐬙𐬌",
"t": "offspring, progeny"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬥𐬙𐬌 (frazanti, “offspring, progeny”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬥𐬙𐬌 (frazanti, “offspring, progeny”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northeastern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sogdo-Bacterian:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbc",
"2": "φροζινδο",
"t": "descendant"
},
"expansion": "Bactrian: φροζινδο (frozindo, “descendant”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bactrian: φροζινδο (frozindo, “descendant”), φοροζινδο (forozindo)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "-",
"t": "child",
"ts": "βzāntak"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian: (/βzāntak/, “child”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from *frazantaka"
},
"expansion": "(from *frazantaka)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian: (/βzāntak/, “child”) (from *frazantaka)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "",
"sc": "Sogd",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "βsʾntʾk"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian script: [script needed] (βsʾntʾk)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian script: [script needed] (βsʾntʾk), [script needed] (βsʾntk)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southeastern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-shr-pro",
"t": "daughter"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Shughni-Roshani: [Term?] (“daughter”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Shughni-Roshani: [Term?] (“daughter”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srh",
"2": "",
"tr": "rajen"
},
"expansion": "Sarikoli: [script needed] (rajen)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sarikoli: [script needed] (rajen)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sgh",
"2": "",
"tr": "rizīn"
},
"expansion": "Shughni: [script needed] (rizīn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shughni: [script needed] (rizīn)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sgh-bro"
},
"expansion": "Bartangi-Oroshori:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bartangi-Oroshori:"
},
{
"depth": 7,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sgh-bar",
"2": "",
"tr": "razen"
},
"expansion": "Bartangi: [script needed] (razen)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bartangi: [script needed] (razen)"
},
{
"depth": 7,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sgh-oro",
"2": "",
"tr": "rizīn"
},
"expansion": "Oroshori: [script needed] (rizīn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Oroshori: [script needed] (rizīn)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sgh-rsx"
},
"expansion": "Roshani-Khufi:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Roshani-Khufi:"
},
{
"depth": 7,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sgh-xuf",
"2": "",
"tr": "rizoen"
},
"expansion": "Khufi: [script needed] (rizoen)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khufi: [script needed] (rizoen)"
},
{
"depth": 7,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sgh-ros",
"2": "",
"tr": "rizēn"
},
"expansion": "Roshani: [script needed] (rizēn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Roshani: [script needed] (rizēn)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northwestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "-",
"t": "child, son",
"ts": "frazand"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: (/frazand/, “child, son”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: (/frazand/, “child, son”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "",
"tr": "frzynd"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: [script needed] (frzynd)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: [script needed] (frzynd)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southwestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-",
"t": "child, son",
"ts": "frazand"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: (/frazand/, “child, son”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: (/frazand/, “child, son”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "prznd"
},
"expansion": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (prznd)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (prznd), [script needed] (prẕnd)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "frzynd"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: [Manichaean needed] (frzynd)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: [Manichaean needed] (frzynd), [script needed] (przynd)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*knōsl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *knōsl",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *knōsl (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γνωτός",
"t": "kinsman"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: γνωτός (gnōtós, “kinsman”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: γνωτός (gnōtós, “kinsman”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γέννα",
"t": "descent, origin, race, genus; birth"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: γέννα (génna, “descent, origin, race, genus; birth”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: γέννα (génna, “descent, origin, race, genus; birth”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "woman"
},
"expansion": "“woman”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "several words meaning “woman” have been conflated with <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*gʷḗn</i>"
},
"expansion": "(several words meaning “woman” have been conflated with *gʷḗn)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Indo-Aryan: (several words meaning “woman” have been conflated with *gʷḗn)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ज",
"t": "son of; father; birth",
"tr": "ja, já"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: ज (ja, já, “son of; father; birth”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: ज (ja, já, “son of; father; birth”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जा",
"t": "race, tribe",
"tr": "jā́"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जा (jā́, “race, tribe”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जा (jā́, “race, tribe”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जान",
"t": "birth, origin, birthplace",
"tr": "jā́na"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जान (jā́na, “birth, origin, birthplace”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जान (jā́na, “birth, origin, birthplace”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जना",
"t": "birth, origin"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जना (janā, “birth, origin”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जना (janā, “birth, origin”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जनि",
"t": "birth, production, birthplace",
"tr": "jáni"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जनि (jáni, “birth, production, birthplace”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जनि (jáni, “birth, production, birthplace”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जनी",
"tr": "jánī"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जनी (jánī)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जनी (jánī)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जननी",
"t": "mother"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जननी (jananī, “mother”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जननी (jananī, “mother”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जन्तु",
"t": "offspring, kinsman",
"tr": "jantú"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जन्तु (jantú, “offspring, kinsman”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जन्तु (jantú, “offspring, kinsman”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ज्ञाति",
"t": "kinsman",
"tr": "jñātí"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: ज्ञाति (jñātí, “kinsman”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: ज्ञाति (jñātí, “kinsman”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जन्यु",
"t": "birth, creature"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जन्यु (janyu, “birth, creature”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जन्यु (janyu, “birth, creature”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जन्य",
"t": "people, community, nation",
"tr": "jánya, janyá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जन्य (jánya, janyá, “people, community, nation”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जन्य (jánya, janyá, “people, community, nation”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जनुस्",
"t": "birth, production, descent, nativity; genus, class, kind",
"tr": "janús, janū́s"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जनुस् (janús, janū́s, “birth, production, descent, nativity; genus, class, kind”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जनुस् (janús, janū́s, “birth, production, descent, nativity; genus, class, kind”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जनुषा",
"t": "necessarily, essentially, originally, by birth"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जनुषा (januṣā, “necessarily, essentially, originally, by birth”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जनुषा (januṣā, “necessarily, essentially, originally, by birth”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जनू",
"t": "birth, descent",
"tr": "janū́"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जनू (janū́, “birth, descent”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जनू (janū́, “birth, descent”)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जनु",
"der": "1",
"t": "soul"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Sanskrit: जनु (janu, “soul”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Sanskrit: जनु (janu, “soul”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जेन्य",
"t": "of noble origin; genuine",
"tr": "jénya"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जेन्य (jénya, “of noble origin; genuine”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जेन्य (jénya, “of noble origin; genuine”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जातु",
"t": "at all, ever, perhaps",
"tr": "jā́tu, jātú"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जातु (jā́tu, jātú, “at all, ever, perhaps”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जातु (jā́tu, jātú, “at all, ever, perhaps”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जात्य",
"t": "legitimate; of a good family",
"tr": "jā́tya"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जात्य (jā́tya, “legitimate; of a good family”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जात्य (jā́tya, “legitimate; of a good family”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जनता",
"t": "people, folk; generation",
"tr": "janátā"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जनता (janátā, “people, folk; generation”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जनता (janátā, “people, folk; generation”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जनन",
"t": "progenitor, production, birth, race",
"tr": "jánana"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जनन (jánana, “progenitor, production, birth, race”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जनन (jánana, “progenitor, production, birth, race”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जज्ञि",
"t": "germinating, shooting; seed",
"tr": "jájñi"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जज्ञि (jájñi, “germinating, shooting; seed”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जज्ञि (jájñi, “germinating, shooting; seed”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जन्मिन्",
"t": "creature"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जन्मिन् (janmin, “creature”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जन्मिन् (janmin, “creature”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जानुका",
"t": "bringing forth; woman",
"tr": "jā́nukā"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जानुका (jā́nukā, “bringing forth; woman”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जानुका (jā́nukā, “bringing forth; woman”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जाया",
"t": "bringing forth",
"tr": "jāyā́"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जाया (jāyā́, “bringing forth”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जाया (jāyā́, “bringing forth”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जावन्",
"t": "born, produced",
"tr": "jā́van"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जावन् (jā́van, “born, produced”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जावन् (jā́van, “born, produced”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬰𐬀𐬥𐬙𐬎",
"t": "tribe, race"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬥𐬙𐬎 (zantu, “tribe, race”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬥𐬙𐬎 (zantu, “tribe, race”)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵenh₁-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeRH-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European perfective roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to produce, to beget, to give birth"
],
"id": "en-ǵenh₁--ine-pro-root-HEJliB3s",
"links": [
[
"produce",
"produce"
],
[
"beget",
"beget"
],
[
"give birth",
"give birth"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"perfective",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ǵenh₁-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵénh₁-ti (root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*gniyeti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *gniyeti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *gniyeti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́ánati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ánati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ánati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́ánati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́ánati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́ánati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जनति",
"tr": "jánati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जनति (jánati)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जनति (jánati) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*jánati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *jánati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *jánati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Eastern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬰𐬂",
"t": "to give birth"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬂 (zå, “to give birth”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬂 (zå, “to give birth”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northeastern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "-",
"t": "to bear, bring forth usually of animals; to be born, grow"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian: (“to bear, bring forth [usually of animals]; to be born, grow”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ossetian: (“to bear, bring forth [usually of animals]; to be born, grow”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os-dig",
"2": "зайин"
},
"expansion": "Digor Ossetian: зайин (zajin)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Digor Ossetian: зайин (zajin)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os-iro",
"2": "зайун"
},
"expansion": "Iron Ossetian: зайун (zajun)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Iron Ossetian: зайун (zajun)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sogdo-Bactrian:"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbc",
"2": "ζαδο",
"t": "born (ppp)"
},
"expansion": "Bactrian: ζαδο (zado, “born (ppp)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bactrian: ζαδο (zado, “born (ppp)”)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xco",
"2": "",
"t": "born (ppp)",
"tr": "zʼd"
},
"expansion": "Khwarezmian: [script needed] (zʼd, “born (ppp)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khwarezmian: [script needed] (zʼd, “born (ppp)”)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "-",
"ts": "zan-"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian: (/zan-/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian: (/zan-/)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "zn"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: [Manichaean needed] (zn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: [Manichaean needed] (zn)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "",
"sc": "Sogd",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "zn"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian script: [script needed] (zn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian script: [script needed] (zn)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "ܙܢ",
"sc": "Syrc",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "zn"
},
"expansion": "Syriac script: ܙܢ (zn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Syriac script: ܙܢ (zn)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yai",
"2": "зан",
"alt": "зан-",
"t": "bear, give birth; to be born"
},
"expansion": "Yagnobi: зан- (zan-, “bear, give birth; to be born”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yagnobi: зан- (zan-, “bear, give birth; to be born”), за́нта (zánta)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southeastern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "زوول",
"t": "to give birth to, to bear, to bring forth",
"tr": "zōwul"
},
"expansion": "Pashto: زوول (zōwul, “to give birth to, to bear, to bring forth”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pashto: زوول (zōwul, “to give birth to, to bear, to bring forth”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northwestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "زات",
"tr": "zát"
},
"expansion": "Baluchi: زات (zát)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Baluchi: زات (zát), زای (zá(y)-)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kurdish:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "زان"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish: زان (zan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Kurdish: زان (zan), -زێ- (-zê-)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "zayîn"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: zayîn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: zayîn, zan, -zê-"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-mpr-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Medo-Parthian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Medo-Parthian:"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [],
"text": "Caspian:"
},
{
"depth": 7,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "glk",
"2": "",
"tr": "zaan"
},
"expansion": "Gilaki: [script needed] (zaan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gilaki: [script needed] (zaan), زاج (zāj-)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "-",
"t": "to give birth to; be born",
"ts": "zāy-, zāyad"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: (/zāy-, zāyad/, “to give birth to; be born”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: (/zāy-, zāyad/, “to give birth to; be born”)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "zʾy-"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: [Manichaean needed] (zʾy-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: [Manichaean needed] (zʾy-) , [script needed] (zʼyd)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-zgr-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Zaza-Gorani:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Zaza-Gorani:"
},
{
"depth": 7,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hac",
"2": "زای",
"tr": "zāy"
},
"expansion": "Gurani: زای (zāy)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gurani: زای (zāy), ز (-z-)"
},
{
"depth": 7,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zza",
"2": "zayene"
},
"expansion": "Zazaki: zayene",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Zazaki: zayene, za-"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southwestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-",
"t": "to bear, give birth to; engender, be born, come forth",
"ts": "zādan, zāy-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: (/zādan, zāy-/, “to bear, give birth to; engender, be born, come forth”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: (/zādan, zāy-/, “to bear, give birth to; engender, be born, come forth”); [Term?] (/zāyēnīdan, zāyēn-/, “to bear, give birth to”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "Y̠LYDWNtn'"
},
"expansion": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (Y̠LYDWNtn')",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (Y̠LYDWNtn'), [script needed] (zʾtn'), [script needed] (zʼ-)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "zʾd"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: [Manichaean needed] (zʾd)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: [Manichaean needed] (zʾd), [script needed] (zʾy-); [script needed] (zʾyn-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵn̥h₁-yé-tor (deponent ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ganyetor"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ganyetor",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *ganyetor (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́aHyátay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́aHyátay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́aHyátay"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́aHyátay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́aHyátay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́aHyátay"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जायते",
"tr": "jā́yate"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जायते (jā́yate)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जायते (jā́yate) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जायति",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Sanskrit: जायति (jāyati)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Epic"
},
"expansion": "(Epic)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Sanskrit: जायति (jāyati) (Epic)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "as",
"2": "জগা"
},
"expansion": "Assamese: জগা (zoga)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Assamese: জগা (zoga)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́aHyátay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *ȷ́aHyátay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *ȷ́aHyátay"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "zaiiāite"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: zaiiāite",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: zaiiāite"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬌𐬙𐬌",
"der": "1",
"tr": "zaiiaiti"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬌𐬙𐬌 (zaiiaiti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬌𐬙𐬌 (zaiiaiti)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵénh₁-ye-tor (deponent ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*géňňomai"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *géňňomai",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *géňňomai"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γείνομαι"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: γείνομαι (geínomai)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: γείνομαι (geínomai)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जन्यते"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जन्यते (janyate)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जन्यते (janyate)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵí-ǵn̥h₁-e-ti (reduplicated thematic present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जीज॑नत्",
"tr": "jī́janat"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जीज॑नत् (jī́janat)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vedic Sanskrit: जीज॑नत् (jī́janat)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬰𐬍𐬰𐬀𐬥𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬌"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬍𐬰𐬀𐬥𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬌 (zīzanəṇti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬍𐬰𐬀𐬥𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬌 (zīzanəṇti)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "زېږېدل",
"t": "to be born",
"tr": "zēẓ̌ēdəl"
},
"expansion": "Pashto: زېږېدل (zēẓ̌ēdəl, “to be born”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pashto: زېږېدل (zēẓ̌ēdəl, “to be born”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*gígnomai"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *gígnomai",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *gígnomai"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γίγνομαι"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: γίγνομαι (gígnomai)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: γίγνομαι (gígnomai)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*gignō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *gignō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *gignō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "gignō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: gignō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: gignō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵn̥h₁-sḱé-ti (sḱe-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*gnāskōr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *gnāskōr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *gnāskōr"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "nāscor"
},
"expansion": "Latin: nāscor",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: nāscor (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵénh₁-mn̥ ~ *ǵn̥h₁-mén-s (“seed, offspring”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵónh₁-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵonh₁-éh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*gonā́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *gonā́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *gonā́"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γονή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: γονή (gonḗ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: γονή (gonḗ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵénh₁-os ~ *ǵénh₁-es-os (“race, lineage”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵenh₁-es-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*genehā́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *genehā́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *genehā́"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γενεᾱ́"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: γενεᾱ́ (geneā́)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: γενεᾱ́ (geneā́)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵénh₁-ti-s ~ *ǵn̥h₁-téy-s (“birth, production”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵn̥h₁-tó-s (“produced, begotten”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵénh₁-tōr ~ *ǵn̥h₁-tr-és (“parent”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵénh₁-tr-ih₂ ~ *ǵénh₁-tr-yeh₂-es (“parent”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵn̥h₁-yo-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kunją",
"gloss": "kin, family"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *kunją (“kin, family”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *kunją (“kin, family”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kuningaz",
"gloss": "king"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *kuningaz (“king”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *kuningaz (“king”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "genius"
},
"expansion": "Latin: genius",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: genius"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵn̥h₁-i-wo-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "naevus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: naevus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: naevus, Gnaeus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵenh₁-tl-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ծնաւղ",
"gloss": "parent"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: ծնաւղ (cnawł, “parent”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: ծնաւղ (cnawł, “parent”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵenh₁-dʰl-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γένεθλον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: γένεθλον (génethlon)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: γένεθλον (génethlon), γενέθλη (genéthlē), γενέθλιος (genéthlios)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pro-ǵenh₁-ti-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*frazanti-",
"t": "offspring, progeny"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *frazanti- (“offspring, progeny”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *frazanti- (“offspring, progeny”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Eastern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬥𐬙𐬌",
"t": "offspring, progeny"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬥𐬙𐬌 (frazanti, “offspring, progeny”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬥𐬙𐬌 (frazanti, “offspring, progeny”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northeastern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sogdo-Bacterian:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbc",
"2": "φροζινδο",
"t": "descendant"
},
"expansion": "Bactrian: φροζινδο (frozindo, “descendant”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bactrian: φροζινδο (frozindo, “descendant”), φοροζινδο (forozindo)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "-",
"t": "child",
"ts": "βzāntak"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian: (/βzāntak/, “child”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from *frazantaka"
},
"expansion": "(from *frazantaka)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian: (/βzāntak/, “child”) (from *frazantaka)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "",
"sc": "Sogd",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "βsʾntʾk"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian script: [script needed] (βsʾntʾk)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian script: [script needed] (βsʾntʾk), [script needed] (βsʾntk)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southeastern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-shr-pro",
"t": "daughter"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Shughni-Roshani: [Term?] (“daughter”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Shughni-Roshani: [Term?] (“daughter”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srh",
"2": "",
"tr": "rajen"
},
"expansion": "Sarikoli: [script needed] (rajen)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sarikoli: [script needed] (rajen)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sgh",
"2": "",
"tr": "rizīn"
},
"expansion": "Shughni: [script needed] (rizīn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shughni: [script needed] (rizīn)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sgh-bro"
},
"expansion": "Bartangi-Oroshori:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bartangi-Oroshori:"
},
{
"depth": 7,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sgh-bar",
"2": "",
"tr": "razen"
},
"expansion": "Bartangi: [script needed] (razen)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bartangi: [script needed] (razen)"
},
{
"depth": 7,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sgh-oro",
"2": "",
"tr": "rizīn"
},
"expansion": "Oroshori: [script needed] (rizīn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Oroshori: [script needed] (rizīn)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sgh-rsx"
},
"expansion": "Roshani-Khufi:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Roshani-Khufi:"
},
{
"depth": 7,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sgh-xuf",
"2": "",
"tr": "rizoen"
},
"expansion": "Khufi: [script needed] (rizoen)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khufi: [script needed] (rizoen)"
},
{
"depth": 7,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sgh-ros",
"2": "",
"tr": "rizēn"
},
"expansion": "Roshani: [script needed] (rizēn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Roshani: [script needed] (rizēn)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northwestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "-",
"t": "child, son",
"ts": "frazand"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: (/frazand/, “child, son”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: (/frazand/, “child, son”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "",
"tr": "frzynd"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: [script needed] (frzynd)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: [script needed] (frzynd)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southwestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-",
"t": "child, son",
"ts": "frazand"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: (/frazand/, “child, son”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: (/frazand/, “child, son”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "prznd"
},
"expansion": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (prznd)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (prznd), [script needed] (prẕnd)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "frzynd"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: [Manichaean needed] (frzynd)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: [Manichaean needed] (frzynd), [script needed] (przynd)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*knōsl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *knōsl",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *knōsl (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γνωτός",
"t": "kinsman"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: γνωτός (gnōtós, “kinsman”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: γνωτός (gnōtós, “kinsman”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γέννα",
"t": "descent, origin, race, genus; birth"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: γέννα (génna, “descent, origin, race, genus; birth”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: γέννα (génna, “descent, origin, race, genus; birth”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "woman"
},
"expansion": "“woman”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "several words meaning “woman” have been conflated with <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*gʷḗn</i>"
},
"expansion": "(several words meaning “woman” have been conflated with *gʷḗn)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Indo-Aryan: (several words meaning “woman” have been conflated with *gʷḗn)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ज",
"t": "son of; father; birth",
"tr": "ja, já"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: ज (ja, já, “son of; father; birth”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: ज (ja, já, “son of; father; birth”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जा",
"t": "race, tribe",
"tr": "jā́"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जा (jā́, “race, tribe”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जा (jā́, “race, tribe”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जान",
"t": "birth, origin, birthplace",
"tr": "jā́na"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जान (jā́na, “birth, origin, birthplace”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जान (jā́na, “birth, origin, birthplace”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जना",
"t": "birth, origin"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जना (janā, “birth, origin”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जना (janā, “birth, origin”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जनि",
"t": "birth, production, birthplace",
"tr": "jáni"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जनि (jáni, “birth, production, birthplace”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जनि (jáni, “birth, production, birthplace”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जनी",
"tr": "jánī"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जनी (jánī)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जनी (jánī)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जननी",
"t": "mother"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जननी (jananī, “mother”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जननी (jananī, “mother”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जन्तु",
"t": "offspring, kinsman",
"tr": "jantú"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जन्तु (jantú, “offspring, kinsman”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जन्तु (jantú, “offspring, kinsman”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ज्ञाति",
"t": "kinsman",
"tr": "jñātí"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: ज्ञाति (jñātí, “kinsman”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: ज्ञाति (jñātí, “kinsman”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जन्यु",
"t": "birth, creature"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जन्यु (janyu, “birth, creature”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जन्यु (janyu, “birth, creature”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जन्य",
"t": "people, community, nation",
"tr": "jánya, janyá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जन्य (jánya, janyá, “people, community, nation”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जन्य (jánya, janyá, “people, community, nation”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जनुस्",
"t": "birth, production, descent, nativity; genus, class, kind",
"tr": "janús, janū́s"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जनुस् (janús, janū́s, “birth, production, descent, nativity; genus, class, kind”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जनुस् (janús, janū́s, “birth, production, descent, nativity; genus, class, kind”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जनुषा",
"t": "necessarily, essentially, originally, by birth"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जनुषा (januṣā, “necessarily, essentially, originally, by birth”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जनुषा (januṣā, “necessarily, essentially, originally, by birth”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जनू",
"t": "birth, descent",
"tr": "janū́"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जनू (janū́, “birth, descent”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जनू (janū́, “birth, descent”)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जनु",
"der": "1",
"t": "soul"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Sanskrit: जनु (janu, “soul”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Sanskrit: जनु (janu, “soul”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जेन्य",
"t": "of noble origin; genuine",
"tr": "jénya"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जेन्य (jénya, “of noble origin; genuine”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जेन्य (jénya, “of noble origin; genuine”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जातु",
"t": "at all, ever, perhaps",
"tr": "jā́tu, jātú"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जातु (jā́tu, jātú, “at all, ever, perhaps”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जातु (jā́tu, jātú, “at all, ever, perhaps”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जात्य",
"t": "legitimate; of a good family",
"tr": "jā́tya"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जात्य (jā́tya, “legitimate; of a good family”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जात्य (jā́tya, “legitimate; of a good family”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जनता",
"t": "people, folk; generation",
"tr": "janátā"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जनता (janátā, “people, folk; generation”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जनता (janátā, “people, folk; generation”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जनन",
"t": "progenitor, production, birth, race",
"tr": "jánana"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जनन (jánana, “progenitor, production, birth, race”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जनन (jánana, “progenitor, production, birth, race”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जज्ञि",
"t": "germinating, shooting; seed",
"tr": "jájñi"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जज्ञि (jájñi, “germinating, shooting; seed”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जज्ञि (jájñi, “germinating, shooting; seed”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जन्मिन्",
"t": "creature"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जन्मिन् (janmin, “creature”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जन्मिन् (janmin, “creature”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जानुका",
"t": "bringing forth; woman",
"tr": "jā́nukā"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जानुका (jā́nukā, “bringing forth; woman”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जानुका (jā́nukā, “bringing forth; woman”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जाया",
"t": "bringing forth",
"tr": "jāyā́"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जाया (jāyā́, “bringing forth”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जाया (jāyā́, “bringing forth”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जावन्",
"t": "born, produced",
"tr": "jā́van"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जावन् (jā́van, “born, produced”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जावन् (jā́van, “born, produced”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬰𐬀𐬥𐬙𐬎",
"t": "tribe, race"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬥𐬙𐬎 (zantu, “tribe, race”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬥𐬙𐬎 (zantu, “tribe, race”)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵenh₁-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeRH-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European perfective roots",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"glosses": [
"to produce, to beget, to give birth"
],
"links": [
[
"produce",
"produce"
],
[
"beget",
"beget"
],
[
"give birth",
"give birth"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"perfective",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ǵenh₁-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ǵenh₁- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (30.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.