See wóbʰseh₂ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*wápsāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wápsāˀ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wápsāˀ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*osa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *osa",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *osa (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*wapsō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *wapsō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *wapsō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*wospā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *wospā",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "metathesized < *wopsā"
},
"expansion": "(metathesized < *wopsā)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *wospā (metathesized < *wopsā)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vespa"
},
"expansion": "Latin: vespa",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: vespa (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-os",
"id1": "athematic"
},
"expansion": "*-os",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὕφος",
"t": "web"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὕφος (húphos, “web”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-ós",
"id1": "possessive"
},
"expansion": "*-ós",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Usually derived from *webʰ- (“to weave, braid”) in a multi-step process:\n# One starts with a neuter *-os action noun *wébʰos, which survives as Ancient Greek ὕφος (húphos, “web”) with analogical zero grade.\n# This neuter noun would then be the source of an *-ós adjective. Höfler reconstructs this adjective as *ubʰsós (“weaving”) while Lipp gives *wobʰsós (“having a woven nest”). Mallory and Adams skip this step.\n# This adjective would then form o-grade deadjectival substantives, namely *wóbʰsos (in Indo-Iranian) and *wóbʰseh₂ (elsewhere), which would come to mean \"wasp\".\nThe \"weaving\" of wasps refers to their nest construction.\nOlsen follows a similar multi-step process from the same root with the same starting neuter s-stem noun, but she skips the adjectival step and further smoothens the semantic transition by supposing that a neo-root *wesp- ~ *weps (“to wrap”) emerged during this complex process. She also glosses *wóbʰseh₂ as an agentive collective \"wrapper\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂h₁",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂h₁e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂es",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂h₁",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂h₁e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂es",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰsām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂h₁",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂h₁e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂m̥s",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂s",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂oHom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂s",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂mos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂bʰos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂ey",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂mos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂bʰos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂su",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂h₁",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂mis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂bʰis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*wóbʰseh₂ f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wóbʰseh₂"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wóbʰseh₂",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wasp"
],
"id": "en-wóbʰseh₂-ine-pro-noun-lucmjYgk",
"links": [
[
"wasp",
"wasp"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*wóbʰs-os (non-feminine variant)",
"word": "wábžʰas"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Proto-Celtic: *woxsī",
"word": "gwüxī"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"de:Brian D. Joseph"
]
}
],
"word": "wóbʰseh₂"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*wápsāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wápsāˀ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wápsāˀ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*osa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *osa",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *osa (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*wapsō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *wapsō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *wapsō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*wospā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *wospā",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "metathesized < *wopsā"
},
"expansion": "(metathesized < *wopsā)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *wospā (metathesized < *wopsā)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vespa"
},
"expansion": "Latin: vespa",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: vespa (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-os",
"id1": "athematic"
},
"expansion": "*-os",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὕφος",
"t": "web"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὕφος (húphos, “web”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-ós",
"id1": "possessive"
},
"expansion": "*-ós",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Usually derived from *webʰ- (“to weave, braid”) in a multi-step process:\n# One starts with a neuter *-os action noun *wébʰos, which survives as Ancient Greek ὕφος (húphos, “web”) with analogical zero grade.\n# This neuter noun would then be the source of an *-ós adjective. Höfler reconstructs this adjective as *ubʰsós (“weaving”) while Lipp gives *wobʰsós (“having a woven nest”). Mallory and Adams skip this step.\n# This adjective would then form o-grade deadjectival substantives, namely *wóbʰsos (in Indo-Iranian) and *wóbʰseh₂ (elsewhere), which would come to mean \"wasp\".\nThe \"weaving\" of wasps refers to their nest construction.\nOlsen follows a similar multi-step process from the same root with the same starting neuter s-stem noun, but she skips the adjectival step and further smoothens the semantic transition by supposing that a neo-root *wesp- ~ *weps (“to wrap”) emerged during this complex process. She also glosses *wóbʰseh₂ as an agentive collective \"wrapper\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂h₁",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂h₁e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂es",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂h₁",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂h₁e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂es",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰsām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂h₁",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂h₁e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂m̥s",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂s",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂oHom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂s",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂mos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂bʰos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂ey",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂mos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂bʰos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂su",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂h₁",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂mis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wóbʰseh₂bʰis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*wóbʰseh₂ f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wóbʰseh₂"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wóbʰseh₂",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*wóbʰs-os (non-feminine variant)",
"word": "wábžʰas"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Proto-Celtic: *woxsī",
"word": "gwüxī"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European feminine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European thematic eh₂-stem nouns",
"ine-pro:Insects"
],
"glosses": [
"wasp"
],
"links": [
[
"wasp",
"wasp"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"de:Brian D. Joseph"
]
}
],
"word": "wóbʰseh₂"
}
Download raw JSONL data for wóbʰseh₂ meaning in Proto-Indo-European (6.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (ce0be54 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.