See wel- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for wel- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (5.1kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*wél-e-ti ~ *wl-én-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*weleti",
"t": "to see"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *weleti (“to see”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *weleti (“to see”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*weless",
"der": "1",
"t": "seer, poet"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Celtic: *weless (“seer, poet”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+ *-ess ~ *-etos"
},
"expansion": "(+ *-ess ~ *-etos)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Celtic: *weless (“seer, poet”) (+ *-ess ~ *-etos) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*wḗl-s-t ~ *wél-s-n̥t (s-aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*yels-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *yels-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *yels-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "yel-",
"t": "to investigate"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: yel- (“to investigate”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: yel- (“to investigate”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*wléy-ti (ey-aktionsart)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "reshaped by analogy or addition of morpheme",
"2": "⇒"
},
"expansion": "⇒",
"name": "tooltip"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "⇒",
"name": "⇒"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *wley- (reanalysed root)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "reshaped by analogy or addition of morpheme",
"2": "⇒"
},
"expansion": "⇒",
"name": "tooltip"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "⇒",
"name": "⇒"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *wléy-de-ti (de-present)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*wlītaną",
"t": "to see, look",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *wlītaną (“to see, look”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps more likely from a contaminated *weyd- (“to see”)"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps more likely from a contaminated *weyd- (“to see”))",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *wlītaną (“to see, look”) (perhaps more likely from a contaminated *weyd- (“to see”)) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*wlaitōną",
"der": "1",
"t": "to search"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *wlaitōną (“to search”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *wlaitōną (“to search”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*wlitiz",
"der": "1",
"t": "sight, appearance, face"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *wlitiz (“sight, appearance, face”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *wlitiz (“sight, appearance, face”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*wél-tu-s ~ *wl̥-téw-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*woltus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *woltus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *woltus"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "voltus",
"t": "(facial) expression"
},
"expansion": "Latin: voltus (“(facial) expression”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: voltus (“(facial) expression”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "գեղ",
"t": "beauty; (beautiful) appearance, look"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: գեղ (geł, “beauty; (beautiful) appearance, look”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: գեղ (geł, “beauty; (beautiful) appearance, look”)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wel-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "German quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European ReR-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to see, perceive"
],
"id": "en-wel--ine-pro-root-CxliTrQH",
"links": [
[
"see",
"see"
],
[
"perceive",
"perceive"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
]
}
],
"word": "wel-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*wél-e-ti ~ *wl-én-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*weleti",
"t": "to see"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *weleti (“to see”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *weleti (“to see”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*weless",
"der": "1",
"t": "seer, poet"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Celtic: *weless (“seer, poet”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+ *-ess ~ *-etos"
},
"expansion": "(+ *-ess ~ *-etos)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Celtic: *weless (“seer, poet”) (+ *-ess ~ *-etos) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*wḗl-s-t ~ *wél-s-n̥t (s-aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*yels-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *yels-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *yels-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "yel-",
"t": "to investigate"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: yel- (“to investigate”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: yel- (“to investigate”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*wléy-ti (ey-aktionsart)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "reshaped by analogy or addition of morpheme",
"2": "⇒"
},
"expansion": "⇒",
"name": "tooltip"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "⇒",
"name": "⇒"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *wley- (reanalysed root)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "reshaped by analogy or addition of morpheme",
"2": "⇒"
},
"expansion": "⇒",
"name": "tooltip"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "⇒",
"name": "⇒"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *wléy-de-ti (de-present)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*wlītaną",
"t": "to see, look",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *wlītaną (“to see, look”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps more likely from a contaminated *weyd- (“to see”)"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps more likely from a contaminated *weyd- (“to see”))",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *wlītaną (“to see, look”) (perhaps more likely from a contaminated *weyd- (“to see”)) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*wlaitōną",
"der": "1",
"t": "to search"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *wlaitōną (“to search”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *wlaitōną (“to search”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*wlitiz",
"der": "1",
"t": "sight, appearance, face"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *wlitiz (“sight, appearance, face”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *wlitiz (“sight, appearance, face”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*wél-tu-s ~ *wl̥-téw-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*woltus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *woltus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *woltus"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "voltus",
"t": "(facial) expression"
},
"expansion": "Latin: voltus (“(facial) expression”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: voltus (“(facial) expression”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "գեղ",
"t": "beauty; (beautiful) appearance, look"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: գեղ (geł, “beauty; (beautiful) appearance, look”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: գեղ (geł, “beauty; (beautiful) appearance, look”)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wel-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"German quotations with omitted translation",
"German terms with quotations",
"Proto-Indo-European ReR-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"glosses": [
"to see, perceive"
],
"links": [
[
"see",
"see"
],
[
"perceive",
"perceive"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
]
}
],
"word": "wel-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (91e95e7 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.