See twerH- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for twerH- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (6.2kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*turH-yé-ti (yé-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "turēt",
"t": "to hold, keep"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: turēt (“to hold, keep”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: turēt (“to hold, keep”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "turėti",
"t": "to have"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: turėti (“to have”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: turėti (“to have”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*twérH-ye-ti (ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "tvert",
"t": "to grab, seize"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: tvert (“to grab, seize”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: tvert (“to grab, seize”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "tvérti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: tvérti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: tvérti"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*tworH-éye-ti (causative-iterative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*twárīˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *twárīˀtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *twárīˀtei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "tvarstīt",
"t": "to snap, to catch"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: tvarstīt (“to snap, to catch”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: tvarstīt (“to snap, to catch”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "tvárstyti",
"t": "to bandage"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: tvárstyti (“to bandage”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: tvárstyti (“to bandage”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*tvorìti",
"t": "to make"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *tvorìti (“to make”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *tvorìti (“to make”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*twōr (root noun)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "tvora",
"t": "fence"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: tvora (“fence”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: tvora (“fence”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*tvarь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *tvarь",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *tvarь (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*tworH-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*twaras"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *twaras",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *twaras"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "ap-tvaras",
"t": "fence"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: ap-tvaras (“fence”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: ap-tvaras (“fence”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*tvȏrъ",
"t": "creation, creature"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *tvȏrъ (“creation, creature”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *tvȏrъ (“creation, creature”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*tworós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *tworós",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *tworós"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σορός",
"t": "coffin, urn"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: σορός (sorós, “coffin, urn”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: σορός (sorós, “coffin, urn”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*twérH-ō ~ *turH-nés"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*þwerō",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *þwerō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *þwerō; *þurraz"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*þurruk",
"der": "1",
"t": "hold (of a ship)",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Proto-West Germanic: *þurruk (“hold (of a ship)”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Proto-West Germanic: *þurruk (“hold (of a ship)”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*twerH-y-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*tseřřā́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *tseřřā́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *tseřřā́"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σειρά"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: σειρά (seirá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: σειρά (seirá), σειρή (seirḗ), σηρᾱ́ (sērā́)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/twerH-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "63 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CReRH-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "93 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to enclose, fence in"
],
"id": "en-twerH--ine-pro-root-cmN6OUk3",
"links": [
[
"enclose",
"enclose"
],
[
"fence",
"fence"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to grab, seize"
],
"id": "en-twerH--ine-pro-root-T8mlFiwd",
"links": [
[
"grab",
"grab"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "twerH-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CReRH-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*turH-yé-ti (yé-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "turēt",
"t": "to hold, keep"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: turēt (“to hold, keep”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: turēt (“to hold, keep”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "turėti",
"t": "to have"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: turėti (“to have”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: turėti (“to have”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*twérH-ye-ti (ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "tvert",
"t": "to grab, seize"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: tvert (“to grab, seize”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: tvert (“to grab, seize”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "tvérti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: tvérti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: tvérti"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*tworH-éye-ti (causative-iterative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*twárīˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *twárīˀtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *twárīˀtei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "tvarstīt",
"t": "to snap, to catch"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: tvarstīt (“to snap, to catch”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: tvarstīt (“to snap, to catch”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "tvárstyti",
"t": "to bandage"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: tvárstyti (“to bandage”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: tvárstyti (“to bandage”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*tvorìti",
"t": "to make"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *tvorìti (“to make”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *tvorìti (“to make”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*twōr (root noun)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "tvora",
"t": "fence"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: tvora (“fence”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: tvora (“fence”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*tvarь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *tvarь",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *tvarь (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*tworH-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*twaras"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *twaras",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *twaras"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "ap-tvaras",
"t": "fence"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: ap-tvaras (“fence”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: ap-tvaras (“fence”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*tvȏrъ",
"t": "creation, creature"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *tvȏrъ (“creation, creature”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *tvȏrъ (“creation, creature”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*tworós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *tworós",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *tworós"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σορός",
"t": "coffin, urn"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: σορός (sorós, “coffin, urn”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: σορός (sorós, “coffin, urn”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*twérH-ō ~ *turH-nés"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*þwerō",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *þwerō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *þwerō; *þurraz"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*þurruk",
"der": "1",
"t": "hold (of a ship)",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Proto-West Germanic: *þurruk (“hold (of a ship)”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Proto-West Germanic: *þurruk (“hold (of a ship)”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*twerH-y-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*tseřřā́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *tseřřā́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *tseřřā́"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σειρά"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: σειρά (seirá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: σειρά (seirá), σειρή (seirḗ), σηρᾱ́ (sērā́)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/twerH-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to enclose, fence in"
],
"links": [
[
"enclose",
"enclose"
],
[
"fence",
"fence"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to grab, seize"
],
"links": [
[
"grab",
"grab"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "twerH-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.