See tewk- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for tewk- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (8.2kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*túk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*túk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *túk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *túk, *túč"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*túk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *túk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *túk, *túć"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तुक्",
"t": "boy",
"tr": "túk"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: तुक् (túk, “boy”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: तुक् (túk, “boy”), तुच् (túc, “offspring, children (only attested in RV dat. fem. तुचे (tucé))”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*tewk-ós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*þeuhą",
"t": "thigh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *þeuhą (“thigh”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *þeuhą (“thigh”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*tauˀkás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tauˀkás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tauˀkás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "tauks"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian: tauks",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latgalian: tauks"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "taukaĩ",
"g": "p"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: taukaĩ pl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: taukaĩ pl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "tàuki",
"g": "p"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: tàuki pl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: tàuki pl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "taukis"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: taukis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: taukis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*tȗkъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *tȗkъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *tȗkъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*tawkás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tawkás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tawkás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*tawkás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tawkás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tawkás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तोक",
"t": "offspring, including of animals",
"tr": "toká"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: तोक (toká, “offspring, including of animals”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: तोक (toká, “offspring, including of animals”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "тог",
"t": "blood",
"tr": "tog"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian: тог (tog, “blood”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ossetian: тог (tog, “blood”) (Digoron)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "туг",
"t": "blood",
"tr": "tug"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian: туг (tug, “blood”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ossetian: туг (tug, “blood”) (Iron)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*téwk-mos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*táwkmas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *táwkmas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *táwkmas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*táwkmas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *táwkmas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *táwkmas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तोक्म",
"t": "a young shoot, offspring",
"tr": "tókma"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: तोक्म (tókma, “a young shoot, offspring”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: तोक्म (tókma, “a young shoot, offspring”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*téwk-mn̥"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*táwkma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *táwkma",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *táwkma (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*tewk-tḗr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*þeuhtēr",
"t": "descendant"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *þeuhtēr (“descendant”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *þeuhtēr (“descendant”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "tyukt'",
"t": "to plump, to swell"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian: tyukt' (“to plump, to swell”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latgalian: tyukt' (“to plump, to swell”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "tuklys",
"t": "portly, fat, plumpy"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian: tuklys (“portly, fat, plumpy”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latgalian: tuklys (“portly, fat, plumpy”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "tyucis",
"t": "cloud, crowd"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian: tyucis (“cloud, crowd”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latgalian: tyucis (“cloud, crowd”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*tuknā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *tuknā",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *tuknā (< *tuk-mn̥) (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "tón",
"t": "anus"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: tón (“anus”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: tón (“anus”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "tòin",
"t": "anus, arse"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: tòin (“anus, arse”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: tòin (“anus, arse”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "tóin",
"t": "anus, buttocks"
},
"expansion": "Irish: tóin (“anus, buttocks”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: tóin (“anus, buttocks”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: ? / Proto-Italic: ?"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "tucca",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Latin: tucca",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Latin: tucca (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "tūcētum",
"3": "tuccētum",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Latin: tūcētum, tuccētum",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Latin: tūcētum, tuccētum (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "toco",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Umbrian: toco",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Umbrian: toco"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare *tewh₂- (“to swell, crowd, be strong”). Possibly analyzed as *tewh₂-k- or *tewH-k-, though the evidence is unclear. Superficially similar to *(s)tewk- (“to strike, hit”) but unclear whether semantically related.",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tewk-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"germ, seed, sprout, offspring"
],
"id": "en-tewk--ine-pro-root-T-t8Ojcj",
"links": [
[
"germ",
"germ"
],
[
"seed",
"seed"
],
[
"sprout",
"sprout"
],
[
"offspring",
"offspring"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "tewk-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*túk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*túk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *túk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *túk, *túč"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*túk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *túk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *túk, *túć"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तुक्",
"t": "boy",
"tr": "túk"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: तुक् (túk, “boy”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: तुक् (túk, “boy”), तुच् (túc, “offspring, children (only attested in RV dat. fem. तुचे (tucé))”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*tewk-ós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*þeuhą",
"t": "thigh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *þeuhą (“thigh”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *þeuhą (“thigh”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*tauˀkás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tauˀkás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tauˀkás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "tauks"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian: tauks",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latgalian: tauks"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "taukaĩ",
"g": "p"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: taukaĩ pl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: taukaĩ pl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "tàuki",
"g": "p"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: tàuki pl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: tàuki pl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "taukis"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: taukis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: taukis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*tȗkъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *tȗkъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *tȗkъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*tawkás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tawkás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tawkás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*tawkás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tawkás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tawkás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तोक",
"t": "offspring, including of animals",
"tr": "toká"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: तोक (toká, “offspring, including of animals”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: तोक (toká, “offspring, including of animals”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "тог",
"t": "blood",
"tr": "tog"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian: тог (tog, “blood”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ossetian: тог (tog, “blood”) (Digoron)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "туг",
"t": "blood",
"tr": "tug"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian: туг (tug, “blood”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ossetian: туг (tug, “blood”) (Iron)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*téwk-mos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*táwkmas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *táwkmas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *táwkmas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*táwkmas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *táwkmas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *táwkmas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तोक्म",
"t": "a young shoot, offspring",
"tr": "tókma"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: तोक्म (tókma, “a young shoot, offspring”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: तोक्म (tókma, “a young shoot, offspring”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*téwk-mn̥"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*táwkma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *táwkma",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *táwkma (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*tewk-tḗr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*þeuhtēr",
"t": "descendant"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *þeuhtēr (“descendant”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *þeuhtēr (“descendant”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "tyukt'",
"t": "to plump, to swell"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian: tyukt' (“to plump, to swell”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latgalian: tyukt' (“to plump, to swell”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "tuklys",
"t": "portly, fat, plumpy"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian: tuklys (“portly, fat, plumpy”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latgalian: tuklys (“portly, fat, plumpy”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "tyucis",
"t": "cloud, crowd"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian: tyucis (“cloud, crowd”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latgalian: tyucis (“cloud, crowd”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*tuknā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *tuknā",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *tuknā (< *tuk-mn̥) (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "tón",
"t": "anus"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: tón (“anus”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: tón (“anus”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "tòin",
"t": "anus, arse"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: tòin (“anus, arse”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: tòin (“anus, arse”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "tóin",
"t": "anus, buttocks"
},
"expansion": "Irish: tóin (“anus, buttocks”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: tóin (“anus, buttocks”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: ? / Proto-Italic: ?"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "tucca",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Latin: tucca",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Latin: tucca (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "tūcētum",
"3": "tuccētum",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Latin: tūcētum, tuccētum",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Latin: tūcētum, tuccētum (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "toco",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Umbrian: toco",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Umbrian: toco"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare *tewh₂- (“to swell, crowd, be strong”). Possibly analyzed as *tewh₂-k- or *tewH-k-, though the evidence is unclear. Superficially similar to *(s)tewk- (“to strike, hit”) but unclear whether semantically related.",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tewk-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"glosses": [
"germ, seed, sprout, offspring"
],
"links": [
[
"germ",
"germ"
],
[
"seed",
"seed"
],
[
"sprout",
"sprout"
],
[
"offspring",
"offspring"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "tewk-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.