See terkʷ- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*térkʷ-ti ~ *tr̥kʷ-én-ti (athematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"2": "*tarʔʷtˢi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian: *tarʔʷtˢi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian: *tarʔʷtˢi"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒋻𒌑𒍣",
"t": "to dance",
"tr": "tar-ú-zi"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒋻𒌑𒍣 (tar-ú-zi, “to dance”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒋻𒌑𒍣 (tar-ú-zi, “to dance”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*tärk-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *tärk-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *tärk-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "tärk-",
"t": "to turn; work"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: tärk- (“to turn; work”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: tärk- (“to turn; work”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*torkʷ-éye-ti (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*torkʷeō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *torkʷeō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *torkʷeō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "torqueō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: torqueō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: torqueō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*te-tórkʷ-e ~ *tr̥kʷ-ḗr (reduplicated stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "tetarku"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: tetarku",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: tetarku"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*térkʷ-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*terka"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *terka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *terka (< *terk-e-ti)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "tjerr"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: tjerr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: tjerr"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*térkʷ-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*þwerhaz",
"t": "crossed"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *þwerhaz (“crossed”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *þwerhaz (“crossed”) (< *twerk-os)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*terkʷ-ús"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*tarkúš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tarkúš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tarkúš"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*tarkúṣ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tarkúṣ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tarkúṣ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तर्कु",
"t": "spindle",
"tr": "tarkú"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: तर्कु (tarkú, “spindle”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: तर्कु (tarkú, “spindle”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*tŕ̥kʷ-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*tъ̑rkъ",
"t": "sudden motion"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *tъ̑rkъ (“sudden motion”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *tъ̑rkъ (“sudden motion”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*tъrčiti",
"3": "*tъrčati",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *tъrčiti, *tъrčati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *tъrčiti, *tъrčati"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*tórkʷ-mn̥-teh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "tormentum"
},
"expansion": "Latin: tormentum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: tormentum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*tоrkʷ-ós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*tȏrkъ",
"t": "ride"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *tȏrkъ (“ride”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *tȏrkъ (“ride”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*tórkʷ-tom"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*torkʷtom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *torkʷtom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *torkʷtom"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "tortum"
},
"expansion": "Latin: tortum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: tortum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmy",
"2": "𐀵𐀫𐀤𐀍𐀕𐀜",
"t": "?",
"ts": "trokʷeiomenos"
},
"expansion": "Mycenaean Greek: 𐀵𐀫𐀤𐀍𐀕𐀜 (to-ro-qe-jo-me-no /trokʷeiomenos/, “?”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mycenaean Greek: 𐀵𐀫𐀤𐀍𐀕𐀜 (to-ro-qe-jo-me-no /trokʷeiomenos/, “?”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*tark-",
"t": "to move to and fro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tark- (“to move to and fro”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tark- (“to move to and fro”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तर्क्",
"t": "to turn",
"tr": "tark-"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: तर्क् (tark-, “to turn”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: तर्क् (tark-, “to turn”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*tark-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *tark-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *tark-"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*fratark-",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Iranian: *fratark-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Iranian: *fratark- (+ *fra- (“forth”))"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"2": "hataljs",
"t": "to flutter"
},
"expansion": "Khotanese: hataljs (“to flutter”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khotanese: hataljs (“to flutter”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "tark",
"t": "earring"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: tark (“earring”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: tark (“earring”)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/terkʷ-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to turn, spin"
],
"id": "en-terkʷ--ine-pro-root-ZxjcxQbK",
"links": [
[
"turn",
"turn"
],
[
"spin",
"spin"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
]
}
],
"word": "terkʷ-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*térkʷ-ti ~ *tr̥kʷ-én-ti (athematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"2": "*tarʔʷtˢi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian: *tarʔʷtˢi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian: *tarʔʷtˢi"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒋻𒌑𒍣",
"t": "to dance",
"tr": "tar-ú-zi"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒋻𒌑𒍣 (tar-ú-zi, “to dance”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒋻𒌑𒍣 (tar-ú-zi, “to dance”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*tärk-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *tärk-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *tärk-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "tärk-",
"t": "to turn; work"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: tärk- (“to turn; work”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: tärk- (“to turn; work”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*torkʷ-éye-ti (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*torkʷeō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *torkʷeō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *torkʷeō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "torqueō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: torqueō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: torqueō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*te-tórkʷ-e ~ *tr̥kʷ-ḗr (reduplicated stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "tetarku"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: tetarku",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: tetarku"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*térkʷ-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*terka"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *terka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *terka (< *terk-e-ti)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "tjerr"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: tjerr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: tjerr"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*térkʷ-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*þwerhaz",
"t": "crossed"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *þwerhaz (“crossed”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *þwerhaz (“crossed”) (< *twerk-os)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*terkʷ-ús"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*tarkúš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tarkúš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tarkúš"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*tarkúṣ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tarkúṣ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tarkúṣ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तर्कु",
"t": "spindle",
"tr": "tarkú"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: तर्कु (tarkú, “spindle”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: तर्कु (tarkú, “spindle”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*tŕ̥kʷ-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*tъ̑rkъ",
"t": "sudden motion"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *tъ̑rkъ (“sudden motion”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *tъ̑rkъ (“sudden motion”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*tъrčiti",
"3": "*tъrčati",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *tъrčiti, *tъrčati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *tъrčiti, *tъrčati"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*tórkʷ-mn̥-teh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "tormentum"
},
"expansion": "Latin: tormentum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: tormentum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*tоrkʷ-ós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*tȏrkъ",
"t": "ride"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *tȏrkъ (“ride”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *tȏrkъ (“ride”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*tórkʷ-tom"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*torkʷtom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *torkʷtom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *torkʷtom"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "tortum"
},
"expansion": "Latin: tortum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: tortum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmy",
"2": "𐀵𐀫𐀤𐀍𐀕𐀜",
"t": "?",
"ts": "trokʷeiomenos"
},
"expansion": "Mycenaean Greek: 𐀵𐀫𐀤𐀍𐀕𐀜 (to-ro-qe-jo-me-no /trokʷeiomenos/, “?”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mycenaean Greek: 𐀵𐀫𐀤𐀍𐀕𐀜 (to-ro-qe-jo-me-no /trokʷeiomenos/, “?”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*tark-",
"t": "to move to and fro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tark- (“to move to and fro”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tark- (“to move to and fro”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तर्क्",
"t": "to turn",
"tr": "tark-"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: तर्क् (tark-, “to turn”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: तर्क् (tark-, “to turn”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*tark-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *tark-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *tark-"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*fratark-",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Iranian: *fratark-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Iranian: *fratark- (+ *fra- (“forth”))"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"2": "hataljs",
"t": "to flutter"
},
"expansion": "Khotanese: hataljs (“to flutter”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khotanese: hataljs (“to flutter”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "tark",
"t": "earring"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: tark (“earring”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: tark (“earring”)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/terkʷ-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"glosses": [
"to turn, spin"
],
"links": [
[
"turn",
"turn"
],
[
"spin",
"spin"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
]
}
],
"word": "terkʷ-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for terkʷ- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (7.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.